UEENS BOROUGH NEW YORK CITY * 1910-1920 ISSUED BY THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE BOROUGH OF QUEENS NEWYORK CITY 1920 Class _rl I 'd^ % Book^ _'b'B zJnvitation Ke Cl"iaiT\bei: of Coir|TT\erce of bhe Borcxtcsl'^ o\ QixeervS, N ew York. Citv, believuig thab the mbrmatiDa _ _ b j-or Eh \x\ bhis" public ab ion wll 1 ^ convince you o\ l\\e advauba'j^es". abtracbions and possibilibies of Qvieens Dqroudk {xoxix an indtistrial.comineroiah residential ar^-d rmancial sbandpomb, bakes i\\\s oppovtunitv o\- extending a cordial mvibabiorv^ ^ Go '^xxAdQXS^- lo cons/rucS/ipm&s; ^stores m£^ /ufhries ^i in eueri/ sectioTi or ^ Go Financial Instibutions - to mvcst_ m uie- pns^nt and future greabiei's of Queens J2orouqn. ^. Go Manufacburers - A? establish tkeir factories in Queens J3orou^A and thus avail i/cemsetves of its u?tusual econowic ad- vantage^? ^ Go Home Seekers^- to buUd, to l^uy or to rent fwmes di the yngnf/ attract ive resi cle-ntial communities o/ Clueens Horohta/i-. Q^ Go v{exCi\?cc^S~l:o investicfate tfie business opportunities xunic/i ex.is'tfor t/ie p'urcftase of cqm>noc/iiies df every description - "Made in. Ccueeixs iGorounA^. " Q[ Go lrivesborS^-/<9 /ea?-n of l^e opjrortuniiies for profitable investment m i^ izpauilaing of tins great Vtorougfi of j^mes of Indushy. *^ Go All - bo Promote the Prosper i by o^ Dn.ns.ing by llugh Ferris The Industrial Highroad to Queens Borough The New York Connecting Railroad Bridge Across the East River at Hell Gate. ^' llllllllllllllinilllllllllUIMIIIIIIII I Illlllllllllllll lllllllllllllnilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllinilllllllllllllllUIIIIUIIINilllllllllllllllllllNIIIIIUIIIIMIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIJMIUIIJIUUU QUEENS BOROUGH NEW YORK CITY 1910 1920 1 The Borough of Homes and Industry A descriptive and illustrated book setting forth its woncierful growth and development in commerce, industry and homes during the past ten years, 1910 to 1920; a prediction of even greater growth dur- ing the next ten years, 1920 to 1930; and a statement of its many advantages, attractions and possibilities as a section wherein to live, to work and to succeed. Compiled and Edited by WALTER I. WILLIS Secretary ISSUED BY THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE BOROUGH OF QUEENS NEW YORK CITY 1920 = iii'iiiiiiiiimiiiiiniimiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiN iiiiMiimtimn-J Copyrighted 1920 by the Chambf.h of Commehcf. of the Borough of Queens, New York City. ». •t •, m 28 7920 PRESSES OF THE L. I. STAR PUB. CO. QUEENS BOROUGH. INTRODUCTION HE past decade, from 1910 to 1920, might properly be called the "Construction Period" in the history of the development of Queens Borough ; for, during that time, there have been con- structed new bridges, highways, tunnels, rapid transit exten- sions, hundreds of industrial plants, and thousands of homes of every description, the total cost of which ex- ceeds a quarter of a billion dollars. The expenditure of this vast sum of money has resulted in making Queens Borough, once but a "county on Long Island" now a real integral part of New York City. Its many residential and industrial centers which even today are separated by large, imdeveloped, intervening areas, are expanding so rapidly that they will soon grow into one continuous built-up community. The growth of Queens Borough during the past ten years, despite the lack of cheaper transit facilities, has been marvelous. What it will be in the next ten j-ears with transit facilities equal, and in many cases, superior to every other section of Xew York City, will surprise even the most confident. Today Queens is well started on the most wonderful development that has ever taken place in any borough of New York City, or, for that matter, in any city of the world. It is the purpose of this publication to set forth the commercial, industrial, financial and residential advantages and possibilities of the Borough of Queens considered by itself. It is not generally realized how great a city Queens Itorough would be separated from its political connections with New York City. With an area of 117 square miles, or il^/c of the land area of New York, it is as large as Philadelphia and three times as large as Boston. With a population of 500,000 in 1920 it would be among the first twelve cities in the United States. Industrially, Queens ranks 15th in the annual value of its manufactured products. Not more than three cities in the country exceed it in the value of plans filed for new buildings. Its banking facilities are of the best; its schools and churches are unexcelled. It has 200 miles of waterfront on the East River, Flushing Bay, Long Island Sound. Jamaica Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Its natural advantages are unsur- passed. Queens is indeed "The Borough of Magnificicnt 0])portunities" and "The Fastest Growing Borough of New York City." Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens HISTORICAL NOTES X MAY 6th, 1626, Peter Minuet, the first Dutch Governor, pur- chased the Island of Manhattan for the West India Company, paying to the Indians in beads, buttons and other trinkets to the value of $24 for their real estate. During the latter part of 1638, Wilhelm Kieft, the third Dutch Governor, thought it well to secure more land for the company; and he purchased from the Indian Chiefs, during that and the following year, nearly all of the territory now comprising the County of Queens. The purchase price is not recorded. In 1664, when Governor Peter Stuyvesant surrendered New Amsterdam to the English, the name of the City was changed to New York. This resulted in other changes of names, such as : Vlessigen to Flushing, Rusdorf to Jamaica, Breuckelen to Brooklyn. In 1672 the Dutch recaptured the City and its name was changed to New Orange. In 1674, possession was restored to the English and the name of New York was again resumed. Thomas Dongan, who was appointed Governor by the Duke of York, insti- tuted in that vear, the long desired Colonial Assembly which permitted the in- habitants of the province to participate in legislation. The representatives of the settlers took their seats October 17, 1683 and passed 14 Acts, one of which was the division of New York into twelve counties. Queens County, named after Queens Catherine of England, was one of the twelve counties. Queens County, as organized by the Act of November 1, 1683, had an area of 396 square miles, including all of what is now known as Nassau County. Its entire length from east to west was 26 miles, and its breadth from north to south about 16 miles. The county was divided into six municipal corporations, or towns ; namely, Newtown, Flushing, Jamaica, North Hempstead, Hempstead and Oyster Bay. The first conveyance of land obtained from the Indians was made to the settlers in 1643 and embraced most of the territorj' included within the original town of Hempstead where the first county courts were held. The location of the county court remained in Hempstead until the early "seventies" when it was removed to Long Island City, the Legislature of New York State in 1872 author- izing the erection of the Court House and appropriated the necessary funds for its construction. The Bill permitting the incorporation of "Long Island City," which had formerly been a part of Newtown, was passed by the Legislature in 1870. It consolidated into one municipality the following villages : Blissville, Hunters Point. Astoria, Ravenswood, Dutch Kills, Steinway, Middletown, and Bowery New York City 7 Bay. Long Island City continued as a separate municipality for 28 years until it was consolidated with New York. The boundaries of Long Island City were: on the north. East River and Bowery Bay; on the east. Town of Newtown; on the south, Newtown Creek ; and the west, the East River. At the election held November 6, 1894, the question of consolidating with the City of New York was voted upon by the residents of Queens County. The majority of votes in favor came from the Long Island City section whose inhabi- tants, because of their proximity to New York, had been in favor of the project for many years. The western part of the county therefore became part of the City of New York, and is known as Queens Borough ; while the eastern part of the county was erected into a separate county, known as Nassau, taking its name from the early name for Long Island. That part of Queens County comprehended in the consolidation comprised Long Island City (1st Ward), the towns of Newtown (2nd Ward), Flushing (3rd Ward), Jamaica (4th Ward), and that portion of the town of Hempstead extending westward, from the eastern limits of the incorporated village of Far Rockaway, to Rockaway Beach Inlet, now known as the 5th Ward. Its territory comprised an area of 117 square miles and included therein were eight incorpor- ated villages besides Long Island City, namely : Flushing, College Point, White- stone, Jamaica, Richmond Hill, Far Rockaway Arverne and Rockaway Beach. There were also many unincorporated villages chief among which were Hollis, Queens, Springfield and Little Neck. 4 j^- "'''^^^- "'^^'' '^B . a: ffU'JiilUL; - Tz-'ifa MOORE HOUSE Broadway and Shell Road, Elmhurst (Xewtown) Built in i66l by Captain Samuel Moore. son of Rev. John Moore who laid out Newtown. The house has remained in the family ever since. BOWXE HOUSE Bowne -Ave. and Washington Street, Flushing. Built in i66i by John Bownc and used for forty years as a meeting place of Quakers. The house stands today, inside and out- side, much as it was when first built, and has remained in the family ever since. Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens THE GROWTH OF NEW YORK MADE QUEENS BOROUGH HE story of the development of Queens Borough and the growth of New York City as a whole are inseparable. The reasons for the industrial, commercial and financial supremacy of New York City nuist be understood in order to properly lead up to the subject of this publication. Why is New York City the largest and most important city, not only in the United States or in the Western Hemisphere, but in the entire world? ^^■hy is it the greatest industrial and financial center of the United States? Why do 50% of the imports and exports of the United States go through the Port of New York? Why are over 10% of all of the factories of the United States to be found within the five boroughs of New York? Why is New York the terminal of practically every American railroad? Airplane View of New York and its Wonderful Harbor The Borough of Queens is Shown Between the Broad White Lines New York City 9 THE GROWTH OF QUEENS BOROUGH WILL NOW REMAKE NEW YORK One hundred years ago New York City did not lead either in population, industry or commerce, for the ports of Boston, Philadelphia, and Charleston handled a commerce as great, if not greater, at that time than New York City. The six main reasons for its growth from a population of less than 100.000 in 1800 to a metropolis of over 6,000,000 in 1920 may be briefly summarized as follows : 1. Nature's gift of an ideal, land-locked harbor with deep water. 2. The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 3. The use of steel and concrete in building confitruction enabling the Citv to grow vertically. 4. The inauguration of rapid transit permitting the City to grow horizontally. 5. The utilization of electric power. 6. The annexation of adjoining territnrv through legislative enactment. Coniplimeiits of Department of Docks. City of Xew Virk Murray Hulbcrt. Coiinnissioiier of Poclcs and Director of llie Port 10 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of, Queens 1. Tke Port of New York Great wars have been waged to secure for other Nations what nature gave America — a great port, an ideal land-locked harbor, perfectly accessible to all other great ports, and a natural market for the raw products of all the countries of the world. Xo other harbor in the United States rivals the harbor of New York in size. The Port of New York, including New Jersey waterfront, has 771 miles of shore proper, and today 986 miles of waterfront measured along shore and around piers. Of this last figure 21% is in Queens Borough. The Port of New York is peculiarly favored also in the area of its harbor, which is sufficiently large to permit the anchorage and maneuvering of a large number of vessels. Steamship companies can dock their boats in close proximity to the very heart of the city, to its important markets, its large mercantile establishments, and its leading hotels. How little did Hendrick Hudson dream when on September 11th, 1609. as the "Half Moon" was cautiously guided through the Narrows and anchored in full view of Manhattan Island, that it would, within three centuries, become the home of Europe's overflowing population. 2. The Erie Canal (Now Known as the State Barge Canal) George Washington, it is related, with wonderful foresight, nearly 50 years before the Erie Canal was opened to commerce through the State of New York, solemnly warned the states of Virginia and Maryland to prepare without delay to grasp for their own the commerce of the interior of the country by building and opening a water route from the Atlantic across the Alleghenies to the Great Lakes and the Mississippi. He predicted that New York would some day open water communication between the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean, stating that commerce when once fairly established in any channel can be deflected only with the greatest difficulty, if at all. \^irginia at that time had a larger population and commerce than New York but was deaf to the warning of her greatest son. The result was that New York became the chief port and the commercial metrop- olis of the United States and the trade of the West flowed from and to the sea- board by way of the Hudson River, the Erie Canal and the Great Lakes. The Erie Canal, opened in 1825, marked a new epoch in the history of transportation in this country. It served as the most direct route for bringing grain from the West to New York City for trans-shipment to all parts of the world. (This was before the era of railroad construction, which did not start until after 1830). It marked the turning point in the development of New York City and State. New York became the "Empire State" as a result of the opening of the Erie Canal, a position that it has uninterruptedly held ever since. Boston and New York City 11 Philadelphia both had a greater ships tonnage in 1790, Boston had a greater ton- nage in 1800 and 1810; but between 1820 and 1830, New York took the lead and held it. Naturally, therefore, the Port of New York immediately had the advan- tage over its rivals on the Atlantic Ocean for grain commerce. Ships from all over the world came to New York for this valuable freight, bringing with them not only the products of those countries, which served as raw material for manu- facturing, but also hundreds of thousands of immigrants who settled in New York and vicinity. This created both an abundant labor supply and plenty of raw materials which was, and is, an ideal condition for manufacturing. The Erie Canal gave New York cheaper freight rates which is the magic key that spells production. The first through rail line between New York and Chi- cago was opened in 1852 and it was not long before the competition between the rail and water routes was keen. It is contended that the present schedule of class rates between New York and Chicago was determined by the competition afforded by the water routes. The other trunk line railroads, in their effort to secure a share of the grain commerce, sought terminals at New York and an intense rivalry in rates began, which, for a long period, gave New York a decided advantage over all other Atlantic ports. 3. Tne Use of Steel ana Concrete in Building Construction The continuous rebuilding of New York City with steel and concrete, where brick and stone were used, is the most talked about single instance in the life of the city. Strangers write magazine articles about it and old New Yorkers coming up out of the subway at unfamiliar stations find skyscrapers, where six story brick buildings formerly stood. The reason is simple. The foundations must be built to support the weight of the entire building. Using brick and stone, it is not practicable to build much over six stories as the thickness of the supporting walls at the street level become too wide. By the use of steel for the frame work with hollow tile walls hung almost like curtains, the weight of a 25 or 50 story building can be carried to concrete foundations reaching far into the earth without anv appreciable greater width at the street level. The city then began to grow z'crtically. and an ever increasing population, equal to city after city, was piled in layers one on top of the other. 4. The Inauguration of Rapid Transit Huge office buildings, apartment houses and hotels brought about a greater congestion in travel, and additional transportation problems faced the citv. Rapid transit permitted the City to expand — to grow horizontally First came the horse cars, and the elevated roads with trains of wooden cars drawn by 12 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens little steam engines; then came the electrified trolley lines and elevated railroads; then came the new subways and tunnels with their steel express trains ; and lastly, the electrification of such railroads entering New York as the Xew York Central, the New York, New Haven and Hartford, the Long Island Railroad, and the Pennsyvania Railroad with their huge terminals and their tunnels under the adjoining rivers. As the City continued to grow, its expansion eastward was at first limited by the East River, which acted as a barrier. It therefore followed the line of least resistance and grew northward embracing Harlem, Washington Heights and the Bronx. With the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge, however, in 1883, the gradual rounding out of the city began. New bridges and tunnels were opened to Brooklyn and the population of that Borough increased from 600,000 in 1880 to over 2,000,000 in 1920. In 1900, when the first subway was being built from the Battery to the Bronx, that Borough only had a population of 200,000, but as a result of this rapid transit its population has become 700,000 in 1920 — an increase of 500,000 in 20 years. The Bron.x grew ahead of Queens only because it was easier to build tunnels under, and construct bridges over, the Harlem River than the East River. Its real growth, however, did not begin until after the subway was placed in opera- tion in 1904. The people of any city are, in a way, comparable to electricity, for they travel "along the line of least resistance." Two million residents of New York travel dailv on the subway and elevated lines between their homes, shops and offices. In the past, the line of least resistance has been the longest line of travel. The vast army of employees in Manhattan would travel daily many miles north- The B.^tteky in 1885, New York City 13 ward to the Bronx, and many miles southward and eastward' to Brooklyn, to reach their homes. With the opening of all of the new transportation lines east- ward into Queens Borough, the line of least resistance has now become the short- est line of travel, and the development in population and industry which has taken place in Brooklyn and the Bronx will be repeated during the next ten years in the Borough of Queens. Prior to 1909, the only means of direct transportation from Queens Borough to Manhattan was by ferry across the East River from the foot of either Borden Avenue, or Fulton Street, Long Island City, to 34th Street and to 92nd Street, Manhattan. Before that time indirect communciation was possible through the Borough of Brooklyn and the timnels and bridges connecting it with Manhattan. The first link joining Manhattan and Queens, and eliminating the East River as a barrier to the spread of population and commerce eastward, was the opening of the Queensboro Bridge in March 1909 for trolley and vehicular traffic. The second link was the inauguration on September 10th, 1910 of the silent, swift and smokeless electric train service from the magnificient Pennsylvania Station at 33rd Street and 7th Avenue, Manhattan, through the tunnels tmder the East River and over 70 miles of tracks of the Long Island Railroad in Queens, serving every section of the Borough. The third link was the opening of the "Queensboro Subway" on June 22, 1915, from Long Island City through the tunnels under the East River to 42nd Street and Lexington Avenue, Manhattan, connecting with the Interborough Subway System in Manhattan, Brooklvn, and the Bronx. The B.\tterv in 1920. 14 Chamber of Commerce ok the Borough of Queens The fourth link was the completion of the New York Connecting Railroad Bridge in 1917 over the East River at Hell Gate, providing an all rail route be- tween Queens Borough and the New England States and saving on an average 24 hours in the shipment of freight. The fifth link was the operation on July 23rd, 1917 of the Second Avenue "L" across the upper level of the Queensboro Bridge, bringing into close touch the most congested section of the city on the East Side of Manhattan with the least developed portions in the Borough of Queens. The sixth link was the operation in the spring of 1920 of the Brooklyn Rapid Transit trains, through the new tunnels under the East River at 60th Street, to the Bridge Plaza Station in Long Island City and connecting with the rapid transit extensions to Astoria and Corona. 5. The Utilization of Electricity While the use of electricity applies to all cities, it has a special application to New York for without it we would not have the modern rapid transit systems, the tall office buildings, the huge hotels and apartment houses. Electric power is required for the operation, lighting and heating of the surface, subway, elevated and railroad trains. Electric light is required for the office buildings, hotels and apartment houses. Without electrically operated elevators, the skyscrapers of New York would not be possible. i^JSL' '^l^Bnb - ', ■■..' " ~- - ,L .. ■ ■^■^\- .., ^ 1 r ^^-t-. -,^;,flEK.a:/> ■• J»-^'<--r- II ■^- • . .Ji.-J r^^y-'-r-^^yy:^ ^ — ' .iTrJK '' f^jl mm. ^"Sm^ ^9^m Rl fe-^ B. F. Smith, Jr., Artist Collection of Percy R. Px'iie, 2nd' Looking Southward from 42nd Street in 1855. New York City 15 6. The Annexation of Adjoining Territory Then again, New York City has grown by certain Acts of the State Legis- lature, consoHdating adjoining communities as boroughs of the Greater City. A metropohs grows first by its natural expansion; then leaps forward by adding large areas to itself, taking into the city over night many villages and settlements; and, thereupon, proceeds to consolidate its position by filling up the intervening area with rows of homes, stores and factories. New York City in 1898 absorbed the large areas of Queens, Brooklyn, and Richmond, including as they did a chain of former villages, some of them as old as Manhattan itself. Today, New York City extends from Long Island Sound to the Atlantic Ocean, stretching across the backbone of Long Island through the Borough of Queens. The old city lines have been abolished and rapid transit extensions are rapidly obliterating all traces of the former city limits. Times Square in 1920. Looking Southward from 44th .Street. 16 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Long Island City — Old and New THE PAYXTAR HOMESTEAD Jackson Ave. and Quecnsboro Bridge Plaza, Long Island City. Torn down recently to give way to the advance of indnstry and commerce into Oneens Borough. Ill 1 1 iiiiiii iiiiiii I II mill mil III 1 1 1 1 Hill iiiimim iiiimmii Another view of the Bridge Plaza in 1926 showing the Brewster automobile factory and the "Electric Building" in which are the offices of the Queensboro Chamber of Commerce. From the million dollar rapid transit station at this point, subway and elevated cars operate to every section of New York City. iiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiuiiiiiniiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 11 J amaica -Old and New THE HISTORICAL KING MANOR Once the home of Rufus King, first Ambassador from the United States to Great Britain. BUSINESS CENTER OF JAMAICA showing Jamaica Ave. "L" extension operated by Brooklyn Rapid Transit Co., to Brooklyn and Manhattan for single fare. New York City 17 THE WATERFRONT EW York's harbor and the rivers which flow into it have made the city the Metropolis of the Western Hemisphere. Without this great asset New York would not transact 50 per cent of the total foreign commerce of the United States nor would ninety per cent of the trans-Atlantic passenger traffic pass through this gateway. Just as New York's original site was determined by its harbor, and its growth in the past has been based upon its waterfront, so its future greatness is pre- dicated upon the further development and efficient utilization of its hundreds of miles of waterfront. The 315 square miles of land included in the five boroughs are so divided and indented by nearly 175 square miles of water as to give it a total water- frontage, as measured along the shore line, of 578 miles, all within the city limits. A straight line 578 miles in length, would extend from New York City to Charles- ton, South Carolina. Thirty-four per cent of this natural waterfrontage of New York City is in the Borough of Queens — a substantial asset which gives Queens a marked com- mercial superiority. The East River and Flushing Bay are the western and northern boundaries of the Borough. On the south, for a distance of four miles, Newtown Creek is the dividing line between Queens Borough and Brooklyn. Further to the south, the vast expanse of Jamaica Bay and its numerous islands again divides the two boroughs. The Atlantic Ocean is the extreme southern boundary, and the ten miles of beaches on the Rockaway Shore are unexcelled from Maine to Atlantic City. The adoption, in 1913, of the Dual Subway System brought about the con- struction and operation of rapid transit extensions into Queens Borough from Manhattan and Brooklyn. To a large extent, the rapid transit problem of New York was solved by this comprehensive system of transportation. The most important problem facing the city today is the adoption of a similar compre- hensive plan for the development of its entire waterfront. Federal, state and city officials should cooperate in the preparation of such plans as will coordinate these great resources of the city. No plan ^cill he complete, hozvevcr, unless thorough consideration is given to the facilities zi-hich Queens Borough has to offer Zi'ith its 200 miles of shore line. Three vast waterway improvements — the Panama Canal, the New York 18 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens State Barge Canal, and the Intra-Coastal Waterway — will bring more commerce from the sea and from the interior to the Port of New York. The Panama Canal has enormous commercial possibilities for New York, opening new markets both in the United States and in the Far East to the manu- facturers and shippers of this city. It 'is causing a general readjustment of world trade routes. Oriental goods will come direct to New York instead of being trans-shipped by rail at San Francisco or Seattle. Goods manufactured in New York can compete in the markets on the Pacific Coast with those produced in the Middle West. The Intra-Coastal Waterway, almost unknown to a majority of New York- ers, will give a continuous land-locked waterway from Boston, through Cape Cod Bay, Cape Cod Canal, and Long Island Sound, into the East River, along the shores of Queens Borough, to New York Harbor; and then through the canals, rivers, bays and sounds down the entire Atlantic coast, around Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, to the mouth of the Rio Grande, at the Mexican border. It will cost a total of more than $100,000,000, and will stimulate the coastal commerce to New York. The advantages of Flushing Bay in connection with this great coastal water- way are unusual, and doubtless it will not be long before many of the coastwise boat lines will maintain docks in this ideal harbor for the receipt and delivery of freight. The Red Star Towing Co., recently purchased 6 acres with 1,000 ft. of waterfront for development. The New York State Barge Canal, the advantages of which are described at greater length elsewhere, will bring a greater tonnage from the Great Lakes for use both in New York and for trans-shipment to domestic and foreign ports. Although the present facilities in New York for handling this growing com- merce are limited, the two hundred miles of waterfront of Queens Borough offer a solution for the future development of the Port of New York. The many miles of valuable waterfront in Queens still remaining undeveloped along Newtown Creek, the East River, Flushing Bay, Flushing Creek and Jamaica Bay have every advantage for immediate improvement. The Borough of Queens has 196.8 miles of natural waterfront ; 39.5 miles of improvements, or developed waterfront, as measured around piers and along the heads of slips ; or a total of 219.5 miles of waterfront measured around the natural shore line and piers. This represents approximately 34 per cent of the natural waterfront, 14 per cent of the developed frontage, and 29 per cent of the entire waterfrontage of the entire City of New York. This is clearly shown by the following table : New York City 19 Developed Water Total Ix*tlffth Frontape (Measurwi (Moaailred Tjencth of arour.d piers and around piers Borough Shoro T.ine lu-ads ot slips) e!ul sliori- lin.--s) Queens 196.8 miles 39.5 miles 219.5 miles Brooklyn 201.5 " 102.7 " 258.9 " Bronx' 79.8 " 19.8 " 89.0 " Richmond 57.1 " 32.6 " 82.0 " Manhattan 43.2 " 76.8 " 96.4 " Total 578.4 " 271.4 " 745.8 " The Merchants' Association in 1914, after studying the traffic and terminal facilities of the city, stated : "It is the opinion of this Association that immediate steps should be taken to promote and secure the adoption of a comprehensive plan for the development of the Port of New York. The need for such a plan rests primarily in the facts : (A) That no general plan or movement has ever been made to utilize the many acres of the Port that possess economic and physical advantages. (B) That competition within certain restricted areas has raised the value of land, wharf and terminal sites to an amount where the interest and rental charges thereof are increasing the cost to the shipper and consumer beyond economic necessity. (C) That the efforts of public authorities and private interests have heretofore been directed solely toward the remedying of and planning for restricted areas which comprise only a few of the units of the entire port problem." Murray Hulbert, Commissioner of Docks of the City of New York, states that while it is of course speculative how far realty values will be affected by the proposed waterfront improvements, calculations based upon an estimate of the Department of Taxes and Assessments, demonstrate that $100,000,000 expended on harbor improvement would add $1,330,000,000 to the real estate valuation of the city. (In other words, for every dollar spent on waterway improvements, thirteen dollars would be added to the real estate values of the city). The average person scarcely comprehends the influence of our harbor on each phase of the everyday life of our city. Let anything interfere with the con- tinuous movement of ships in and out of New York and the city would suffer as if shaken by an earthquake, business would totter, the great retail trade would disintegrate and real estate values would take an inconceivable tumble. 20 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens FOREIGN TRADE One advantage which Queens Borough offers to manufacturers, either for their main plants or for the estabhshment of branch plants, is the cheapness and convenience of handling their foreign trade. There are several factors which contribute to the Port of New York handling 50 per cent of the imports and exports of the country. The first is the fact that New York is the terminus of nine great railroad systems (New York Central; Delaware, Lackawanna & Western ; Baltimore & Ohio ; Erie Railroad ; Pennsyl- vania Railroad; New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad; Lehigh Valley Railroad; Central Railroad of New Jersey; and Long Island Railroad), which handle more tonnage of diversified freight than any other group of railroads in the world. Freight seeks the port equipped not only with the best terminal facilities, but from which there are the greatest number of boats sailing to foreign and coast- wise ports. Other Atlantic and Gulf ports may have considerable export freight but as they do not attract imports, boat service to and from them is more or less irregular. In other words, manufacturers shipping from New York are assured that their products will move with greater dispatch. If their shipments miss one vessel another will probably sail to the same port within a few days. At other ports it might be a matter of weeks or even a month before their goods would be forwarded, with interest charges on capital invested piling up on the goods thus delayed, not mentioning the inconvenience to both the buyer and seller from the delay. The ability of the Port of New York to furnish cargo in and out has given it a position of preeminence. Steamship companies from all over the world maintain regular sailings to and from New York. Manufacturers located in Queens can truck their shipments to any of the several hundred piers throughout the city. NEWTOWN CREEK Newtown Creek, which is known as the "busiest waterway of its size in the world," is a tidal arm of the East River, dividing the Boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn for a distance of four miles. It empties into the East River directly opposite 34th Street, Manhattan. The importance of this stream is strikingly shown by comparing its activities with those of the Mississippi River, which from New Orleans to St. Paul is 1,000 miles in length and flows through the heart of a great industrial section. Accord- ing to recent figures, 5,500,000 tons of freight are carried annually on the upper and lower reaches of this longest river in the world. While for the three years 1915-16-17, the tonnagt on the four miles of Newtown Creek averaged 5,620,000 New York City 21 tons. The value of the tonnage on the Mississippi River is approximately $100,000,000 per annum, while on Newtown Creek, it has averaged more than $200,000,000 per annum for the past ten years. The chief commodities transported on this surprising waterway are copper ore and its products, petroleum, lumber, coal, chemicals and building materials. In 1917. 517,601 tons of copper ore and copper manufactures were transported on Newtown Creek — a tonnage valued at $230,000,000, which is an amount greater than the total value of all the manufactured products of either Kansas City, Minneapolis or San Francisco, and greater than the value of exports from Boston or Philadelphia. Huge oil refineries on both sides of the stream ship annually 250,000,0000 gallons of petroleum. There is still room for growth both in the commerce on the stream and the manufacturing plants which now line its borders. There are large undeveloped tracts in Queens adjoining this stream such as the Degnon Terininal with huge industrial plants that have been erected during the past seven years, and where many more will be erected during the coming ten years. One of the largest vindeveloped tracts of land at the head of the stream is the 150 acre tract of the Palmer Waterfront Land and Improvement Companv, in the \'er.\"on Avenue Brumie over Xevvtowx Creek 22 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Maspeth section, which is served by rail as well as water, and on which several large manufacturing plants have been located within the past few years. The character of tonnage on this waterway can best be shown by the follow- ing table for one recent year, 1917: j\j-t;i(-lg Estimated \'alue Net Tons General Merchandise $ 8,734,301 132,602 Coal and other fuel and cord wood 4,337,378 1,373,035 Lumber, railroad ties and piles 6,940,388 443,027 Steel and products 1,254,557 32,369 Copper ore and products 180,275,507 413,837 Petroleum 15,744,584 868,464 Brick, (building and fire) 722.197 242,734 Crushed stone 130,041 1.55,309 Gravel and sand 450,198 656,908 Cement, lime, etc 1,855,511 306,519 Paving blocks 32,275 31,164 Plaster, whiting, sulphur, chalk, etc 506.505 58,262 Fertilizer and steam bone 632.702 88,109 Ice 141,279 47,093 Ashes, cinders and slag 85,670 100.890 Molasses 528.000 48,768 All other materials 4,490,916 155,404 TOTAL — . . .$226^862,015 Xl54,500 The Federal Government is now starting dredging operations which will provide for a channel varying from 250 to 125 feet in width, and 20 to 18 feet in depth, at mean low water, from the East River to the head of navigation in the creek. The mean range of tide is 45'2 feet. More than 1.475.000 cubic yards will be dredged from the channel. The appropriation of $510,000 for this work, included in the Rivers and Harbors Bill of 1919, was secured through the joint efforts of the Oueensboro Chamber of Commerce and Congressman Charles Pope Caldwell. The tonnage and value for the 10 years — 1908 to 1918 inclusive — is given in the following table : Year Tonnage Value 1908 4,181,528 $229,994,000 1909 5.113.628 253.003.000 1910 3,861.852 139,378,000 1911 5.435.016 191.747.000 1912 4,921,843 225,416,000 1913 5,141,516 226.962,000 1914 4,445,556 147,739,000 1915 5,756.102 147.086,000 1916 5,915,150 201,581,000 1917 5.215,820 294.701.000 1918 4,369,136 322,960,000 TOTAL 54,337,197 $2,380,567,000 AVERAGE PER YEAR... 5,433,719 238,056,700 New York City 23 Some further idea of the immense commerce of this waterway can be obtained from the figures compiled by the Department of Plant and Structures of New York City, which show that during the year 1918, 59,389 boats passed through the Vernon Avenue Bridge, 56,735 passed through the Greenpoint Avenue Bridge, 27,000 through the Meeker Street Bridge and 5,007 through the Grand Street Bridge. Steamers schooners and unrigged vessels are the principal freight carriers. Their drafts range from 5^ to 20 feet; 2 to 19 feet; 2 to 18 feet respectively. Some steamers of still larger draft lighter in their cargoes. Among the larger plants on the Queens shore of Newtown Creek are the National Sugar Refining Company, Nichols Copper Company, National Enam- eling and Stamping Company, General Chemical Company, Standard Oil Refin- eries. American Agricultural Chemical Company, and the Wrigley Chewing Gum Company. DUTCH KILLS CREEK During 1914 bulkhead lines were established by the United States Govern- ment for Dutch Kills Creek, a tributary of Newtown Creek, thus putting this stream under the jurisdiction of the War Department. The bulkhead lines as approved on October 29, 1914, give a width varying from 200 feet at its junction with Newtown Creek to 150 feet at the head of the stream, and include a large basin in the Degnon Terminal where car floats can be docked. The widths of the channel to be dredged under the appropriation of $510,000 mentioned previously, range from 160 feet at Newtown Creek to 75 feet at the turning basin. The Long Island Railroad plans to establish at this point a large wholesale public market, estimated to cost nearly $5,000,000. Among the larger industrial plants in the Degnon Terminal served h\ this stream are : Loose Wiles Bisctiit Company, American Ever Ready Works, White Motor Company, Sawyer Biscuit Company, Defender Manufacturing Company, Pittsburg Plate Glass Company, Marcus Ward, Brett Lithograph Company, Waldes, Inc., Norma Company of America, Manhattan-Rome Company, Amer- ican Chicle Co. and The Palmolive Co. EAST RIVER Elaborate plans have been prepared by the United States Government engi- neers for the improvement of the East River from the Battery to Long Island Sound. The plans include the dredging of a 40-foot channel as far north as the Queensboro Bridge and the removal of existing shoals and reefs, a 40-foot chan- nel on the west side of Blackwell's Island, a 30-foot channel on the east side of Blackwell's Island adjacent to the Long Island City shore, and the deepening and widening of Plell Gate and the removal of dangerous shoals. 24 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Courtesy of E. ]\' . Spofford — Copyright 1916. Airplane view of Queens Borough's 200 miles of water front looking East from mid-town Manhattan. The East River in the foreground, Newtown Creek on the right. Flushing Bay on the left, and Jamaica Bay and the Atlantic Ocean in the distance. New York City 25 This vast water front, representing 34% of the entire water frontage of New York City, is a substantial commercial asset giving Queens Borough unusual industrial advantages. Congress has recognized its value by appropriating large amounts for the deepening and widening of the channels in the East River, Newtown Creek, I-"kish- ing Bay and Jamaica Bay, 26 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens The completion of this project will develop a more symmetrical harbor for New York and relieve the present congestion of water trafific in the North River. Tlie improvement is an important part of the Intra-Coastal Waterway. An original appropriation of $1,250,000 was included in the 1917 Rivers and Harbors Bill for beginning the work ; the cost of the entire project will be appro.ximately $37,000,000. The improvement of the East River will permit an increase in the number of vessels of large tonnage using the River. Many vessels which can now only come in at high stages of the tide, owing to the lack of sufficient channel depth, complete their cargoes in upper New York Kay by lighter. It will enable steam- ships to use the shorter and safer inside route through Long Island Sound, rather than the Atlantic Ocean, to reach New York. It will give an additional entrance and exit for the battleships of our Navy, increasing their efficiency in protecting New York in the event of an attack by a fleet of foreign battleships. The plans also include a deepening of the channel known as "Bronx Kills," which will give a direct route from the Harlem River into Flushing Bay. At present it is necessary for boats coming from the Hudson River, through the Harlem River, to take a circuitous route around both Randall's Island and Ward's Island and through Hell Gate to reach Flushing Bay. This is of special import- ance for the future development of Flushing Bay and the accessibility of the Barge Canal Terminal located there. Marginal Freight Railroad. — The location of two Barge Canal Terminals on the East River in Long Island City and Astoria has given considerable impetus to the project of a proposed marginal freight railroad along the East River as a further development of the waterfront of this section. The construction of such a freight railroad, with its float bridges, classification yards, etc., similar to that proposed for the waterfront in South Brooklyn, would give direct rail connec- tions to the shippers of this section with every railroad system entering the port of New York. Ouccnshoro Terminal. — This terminal, which was opened on July 1, 1914, is located on the East River and Vernon Avenue, between 13th and 14th Streets, Long Island City, and is a branch of the Brooklyn Eastern District Terminal, which has been in operation since 1876, and which today handles over two mil- lion tons of freight a year. Shipments may be made through this terminal to and from all railroads in the United States (except Pennsylvania R. R.) with the same dispatch and freight rates as though delivered to or received from the separate freight stations of railroads in Manhattan, thus saving large cartage charges to shippers located in Queens Borough. New York City 27 QUEENSBORO TERMINAL ON EaST RiVER The tonnage handled by this terminal for the first 5 years since its opening is as follows : 1914—1915 24.310 tons 1915—1916 32,819 " 1916—1917 31.054 " 1917—1918 30.004 " 1918—1919 25,882 " Total 144.069 tons Public Docks. — There are four public docks located on the East River water- front in Long Island City, all of which are under the jurisdiction of the Depart- ment of Docks of New York City. They are located as follows : 1. Foot of Nott Avenue 2. Foot of West Avenue 3. Foot of Broadway 4. Foot of Jamaica Avenue These docks can be used by the manufacturers and shippers of Queens Bor- ough to the extent determined upon by the District Superintendent (Telephone Astoria 159). Shippers who are not located on the waterfront are thus given €qual advantages in the receipt and delivery of their freight by water. Cargoes of brick, lumber, coal, crushed stone, building material, sand, gravel, etc.. can be unloaded from barges, lighters, scows or schooners at these docks. The •wharfage rates can be obtained upon application, but in general are 2c. per ton lip to 200 tons, and ^c per ton for any excess over that amount. 28 Chamber of Commerce of the BoRounii of Queens FLUSHING BAY— FLUSHING CREEK Great strides have been made in the past ten years in the development of Flushing Bay and Flushing Creek as commercial waterways. They hold a stragetical commercial position, located, as they are, directly opposite the Harlem Ship Canal and at a point where the East River broadens into Long Island Sound. Flushing Bay is about 12 miles by water northeast of the Battery and 6 miles by highway, from the Oueensboro Bridge. It is about two miles in length with widths varying from 300 feet to 1^> miles. Flushing Creek is a tidal stream tributary to Flushing Bay and extends 3}4 miles inland. The first project adopted by the United States Government for the improve- ment of Flushing Bay was on March 3, 1879, and provided for making and main- taining a channel 6 feet deep at low water, at an estimated cost of ?17.\500. Bulkhead lines have been established for both Flushing Bay and Flushing Creek by the United States. The lines for Flushing Creek were originally estab- lished March 6, 1911 and amended October 29, 1918. The lines, as amended, are 250 feet apart from the mouth of the Creek three miles inland ; and 200 feet apart for the last half mile, extending in a straight line to the head of tide water. or what is known as the "Head of the Vleigh." It is believed that the future needs of this stream will require a greater width than those fixed by the present bulkhead lines, and in 1913 the Commerce Com- East River at Wiiitestone New York Citv 29 mittee of the Chamber advocated a width of 300 feet in a straight line from the mouth of the Creek to the head of the proposed improvement. Several hearings and conferences were held at that time with the officials of the Federal and City governments and the abutting property owners, but due to the existing docks and improvements on the east side of the stream, and the unwillingness of the owners on the west side to cede the necessary land for the widening, the plan was abandoned. Steps were then taken to secure appropriations from the United States Gov- ernment for dredging a deeper channel. Through the combined efforts of the Chamber and former Congressman John J. Kindred, an appropriation of $255,- 700 was included in the Rivers and Harbors Bill of 1913. This was the first appropriation made since the original project was adopted for a 6-foot channel in 1879. Contract was awarded for dredging a channel 200 feet in width and 10 feet deep in March 1914. The work was completed in 1915 from the East River near College Point to a point in the Creek at the Jackson Avenue Bridge. In order to dredge a deeper channel in Flushing Creek, beyond the Jackson Avenue Bridge, it v.-as necessary for the City of New York to secure title to all land between the established bulkhead lines. A bill v.as passed in 1913 by the New York State Legislature "granting to the City of New York such right, title, and interest as the State of New York may have in and to land under water in Flushing Creek and Flushing Bay." This legislation enables the City of New York to exchange title with abutting property owners to compensate them for any necessary upland taken to dredge between the established bulkhead lines. Further legislation was introduced and adopted which amended the Charter of the City of New York so as to permit the inclusion of bulkhead lines as a part of the city map. Proceedings are now under way for the acciuisition of title by the Citv. The Bridge over Flushing Creek at Jackson Avenue 30 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens rule maps, prepared by the Topographical Bureau, are ready for submission to the Board of Estimate. The Damage Maps, showing each parcel of land and owner, are being prepared, and will be ready by the summer of 1920. Title will then be vested in the city to all upland between the bulkhead lines — ^title to land under water already being vested in the city by legislative enactment. Just as soon as these steps have been completed, the U. S. Government will proceed with the deepening and widening of the channel in Flushing Creek. It is understood that the Government engineers have plans prepared for deepening the channel in Flushing Bay in the near future from its present depth of 10 feet, at mean low water, to 17 feet. Industrial and Commercial Dcvclopmeni — Large undeveloped tracts of land are available on all sides of Flushing Bay and Flushing Creek at a low cost per acre, suitable for industrial, commercial and residential development. One of the important undertakings that has rapidy progressed in this section is the work of the Flushing Bay Improvement Company, which, for the past nine years, has been filling in some 400 acres of the low-lying salt meadows on the west side of the Creek to 12 feet above mean high water. This stupendous task, which calls for a fill of 8,000,000 cubic yards, is being carried forward at the rate of several thousand cubic yards per day with ashes and excavated material from Brooklyn, brought by means of scows and special dump cars of the Long Island Railroad. It is understood to be the intention of the owners of this tract to develop same for factory sites. The section has the advantage of both water and rail shipping facilities. A street system has been laid out by the Topographical Department for this area with marginal waterway streets running parallel to Flushing Creek, which will afford an opportunity to load direct from a ship or barge into the warehouse or factory. The Long Island Railroad owns a tract of land adjacent to that of the Flush- ing Bay Improvement Company and has plans for an important railroad terminal and yard at this point. Car storage yards and repair shops for both the Inter- borough Rapid Transit and Brooklyn Rapid Transit trains will be located on the Flushing Meadows in connection with the extension of the Corona "L" to Flushing. The Degnon Realty and Terminal Company also owns a large tract of land which they are improving for manufacturing sites. They have dredged a 30- foot channel in Flushing Bay along the shore line of their property, hydraulically pumping the bottom of the channel for the "fill" to raise the grade of their upland. This section is within 16 minutes running time, on the Long Island Railroad, from Pennsylvania Station, Manhattan, and 22 minutes running time from Grand Central Station, via the Queensboro Subway, over the Corona "L" extension, New York City 31 which will be extended in the near future across the meadows to Flushing. Trains of both the I. R. T. and B. R. T. will operate to this section, giving rapid transit facilities for a single fare to all sections of New York City. It is one of the few remaining places in New York for mammoth and unobstructed factory and ware- house development. During the next 10 years a development will undoubtedly take place in this locality that will transform it from its present barren condition to a huge industrial community. The State of New York acquired in 1914 over 400 feet frontage on Flush- ing Bay near the mouth of Flushing Creek \\'here work is now in progress on the construction of a Barge Canal Terminal as part of the canal system of New York State. A tentative plan was prepared by the Dock Department of New York City in 1913 for the development of the whole westerly shore of Flushing Bay from Sanford's Point to Jackson Avenue for a freight terminal. The plan provided for the extension of the shore line and the construction of a marginal street along the outer edge of which would be built a set of railroad tracks with spurs leading out to the end of a series of 1000 foot piers. The plan, as prepared, showed 16 piers, 200 feet in width with docking basins 300 feet wide. That this whole industrial scheme has possibilities for realization in the near future is the opinion of men who are keeping an eye on the industrial trend of Queens Borough. Commercial Statistics. — The principal commodities handled on these water- ways are coal and other fuel, cement, lime, lumber, gravel and sand, ashes and cinders. The draft of loaded vessels varies from 2 to 14 fe'^t. The bulk of freight is carried in scows and in schooners. The following i^ a statement of the tonnage and value for 10 recent years : Year Short Tons Value 1908 126.45S $1,774,900 1909 277.300 879.700 1910 563,029 1,256,880 1911 394.328 -3,251.548 1912 942,614 989,745 1913 917,561 969,011 1914 858,714 968,461 1915 677,460 1,066,295 1916 710.547 1,137.105 1917 1,355,620 3,508.600 1918 335,801 1,251,323 TOTAL 7.159,432 $17,053,658 32 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens FLUSHING BAY-JAMAICA BAY CANAL For many years there has been an effort made to have the State of New York construct a canal connecting Fhishing Bay and Jamaica Bay in order to provide a short-cut from the Hudson River through the Harlem River, Flushing Bay and the said canal for canal boats bound for Jamaica Bay. No appropriation has been made, however, by the State of New York for its construction. The route selected begins at Cornell Basin of the Jamaica Bay channel, bending westerly across the ridge between the creek and the next valley to the west, crosses the Ridgewood acqueduct west of Three-mile Millroad, and Rockaway Boulevard about a quarter of a mile west of the junction with Rockaway Road, then follows the natural valley through the present farms, cross- ing Hawtree Creek road near its junction with Lincoln Avenue, and Liberty Ave- nue just east of Van Wyck Avenue. From Liberty Avenue the line runs just east of Van Wyck Avenue and nearly parallel to it, following the natural depress- ion to the railroad. It crosses the railroad just east of Dunton Station, thence northerly to the Maple Grove Cemetery property, crosses the summit of the main ridge in the cemetery, crosses Queens Boulevard, and thence down the ravine across the Union Turnpike to the meadows at the head of Flushing Creek to the 200 foot channel planned by the United States Government, and follows this channel to Flushing Bay. Survevs of this proposed canal were made by the state engineers in 1913, and a report made to the legislature on March 11, 1914. The estimate of the cost at that time was $20,338,000, which was based upon the assumption that New York City would construct the channel in Jamaica Bay. together with the basins extending from that channel ; also, that the Federal Government would con- struct the channel from the mouth of Flushing Creek to the head of the proposed improvement at Livingston Street. For a distance of about two miles through the upland in the center of the Borough, which is approximately 125 feet above the sea level, it is proposed to construct a double reinforced concrete tunnel having channels of 50 feet each with columns between the channels. The height of the top of the tunnel from the water level will be over 30 feet. The tunnel will extend a distance of approx- imately 10,800 feet, or from LTnion Turnpike to a point 800 feet south of Liberty Avenue. Such a tunnel would obviate the necessity of spanning highways with expensive bridges. The balance of the canal, however, will be an open cut 200 feet in width. The minimum depth throughout the canal at low water would be 12 feet, and tidal locks or gates would have to be provided. New York City 33 Proposed Harbor Improvements, Showing Particularly the Route OF the Suggested Canal to Connect Flushing Bay and Jamaica Bay Bathing Scene, Rockaway Coast 34 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Such a canal would give a landlocked waterway the entire distance from Bufifalo to Jamaica Bay and would enable the barge canal boats to bring their cargoes to the port now being developed at Jamaica Bay, where these cargoes could be transferred to ocean-going vessels. It would provide for the trans- portation of lumber, cement, coal and general merchandise into the heart of Queens Borough. The canal would also overcome the objection that has been raised by those who fear that barges could not, in heavy weather, safely make the passage from the Lower Bay in New York into the ocean entrance to Jamaica Bay by the way of Rockaway Inlet. JAMAICA BAY Jamaica Bay in the southern portion of the Borough is approximateh- eight miles long and four miles wide, and covers an area of about 20 square miles. It is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by the Rockaway Peninsula (5th \\'ard of Queens Borough), and is connected with the Atlantic Ocean by a channel known as the "Rockaway Inlet," which is about eight miles east of the Narrows. A comprehensive plan adopted for the development of this great landlocked waterway includes a wide channel skirting the entire Bay, with several basins extending into the Queens Borough shore. The completion of this improvement will open for commercial, industrial, and residential development, a large terri- tory south of the Jamaica, Richmond Hill and Woodhaven sections of Queens Borough. The State of New York has granted the City of New York all right and title in and to all of the lands under water in Jamaica Bay for the creation of a new harbor in cooperation with the Federal Government. The project involves the dredging of an entrance channel and protecting it by riprap jetties ; and the dredging of a main interior channel along the west and north sides of the Bay at the expense of the United States Government. The City of New York is to make appropriations for dredging the basins, bulkheading the waterfront, and make suitable highway and railroad connections with the upland. It provides for making and maintaining a channel with a width of 500 feet and a depth of 18 feet, at mean low water ; to be increased as the needs of commerce require and as may be further authorized by Congress, to a width of 1500 feet for the entrance channel and 1000 feet for the interior channel, and to a minimum depth of 30 feet. The length of the channel included in the project is 12 miles. The mean range of tide is 4j4 feet. The approved estimated cost to the United States for the original work is not to exceed $7,430,000 in any event ; to the City of New York, from $15,000,000 to $70,000,000, according to the extent of the work undertaken. New Vouk City 35 The Finest Beaches on the Atlantic Ocean Are on the Rockaway Penxinsula. Coiniiicrcial Stutistics. — The freight at present consists of coal, building material, lead, tin, mineral oil, road materials, fertilizing products, garbage and refuse to Barren Island. The tonnage and value during 6 recent years is as follows : Short Tons Value 1912 425,551 $5,150,000 191,1 816,132 5,346.878 1914 768,550 5.171,668 1915 750.867 7,049,795 1916 736,775 9,887,021 1017 256,011 S.171,231 In December 1919 an appropriation of $7,500,000 was made by the Board of Estimate of New York City for the construction of six 1000 foot piers. The appropriation was made, however, contingent upon the United States Govern- ment approving of increasing the depth of the present channel from 18 feet to 30 feet, from Rockaway Inlet to the head of Mill Basin. Just as soon as this change has been made by the Government, the above appropriation will be expended as follows : Bulkhead wall between Barren Island and Mill Basin. . .$1,500,000 6 Piers 1000 feet long, 200 feet wide 3,000.000 6 Storage sheds 2.700.000 Dredging Channel to 30 feet 300.000 TOTAL $7,500,000 36 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens BARGE CANAL TERMINALS. As a result of the combined efforts of the Queens Chamber of Commerce and Borough President Maurice E. Connolly, the State of New York in Decem- her 1914, acquired title to property on the waterfront of the Borough of Queens at three different locations for Barge Canal Terminals. These locations, which include a total water frontage of over a quarter of a mile, and approximately 10 .acres of land, are as follows : 1. East River, north of Qiicensboro Bridge: — A strip 681 feet in length on ■•the East River near the foot of Rogers Avenue and extending 150 feet inshore from the established bulkhead and pierhead lines, or approximately 104,700 ■square feet. This location for a Barge Canal Terminal is well adapted to the present and future industrial and commercial needs of Long Island City. It has ■direct and easy access to the marginal waterfront street, namely, Vernon Avenue; is only about 2,000 feet from the entrance of Queensboro Bridge itself, and geographically is admirably situated for any development along the waterfront. It is, moreover, centrally situated for the vast number of factories now located in Long Island City. The improvement of this site under Terminal Contract No. 217, of October 23rd, 1918, provided for the repair of the existing bulkhead and for the con- struction of a freight house and crane track at a total of $75,000. Terminal Contract No. 42, dated November 13th, 1918, provided for paving the terminal site with granite block pavement at a total cost of $53,500. All of this work has been completed and the Barge Canal Terminal is ready for the use of receivers and shippers of freight. Additional contracts have been let for cranes and miscellaneous equpiment. Not only will barges from the State Canal be handled here, but as far as possible, all of the shipping that manufacturers in Queens desire to move by water. Superintendent Edward Walsh of the Department of Public Works of New York State has appointed a harbor master in charge of this terminal and another to be in charge of the terminal on Flushing Bay. 2. Hallct's Cove, Astoria — The property acquired at this point on Hallet's Cove, a small indentation of the East River, extends 400 feet northerly from the foot of Broadway to a point between Camelia Street and Jamaica Avenue, comprises approximately 160,270 square feet in area, and extends from the Boulevard outshore to the bulkhead and pierhead line. The bulkhead and pier- head lines are coincident at this place, and it is possible for the State to excavate a basin in this large area whereby an extensive terminal can be laid out. The location is well adapted geographically for a terminal, as it has direct connection with several arteries of travel connecting Long Island City, Astoria and Flushing. New York City 37 Location or Three Barge Caxal Terminals dx the Waterfront of Queens Borough Terminal Contract \o. 45 was awarded to the Alohawk Dredge and Dock- Company of Amsterdam, N. Y., on Xo\-ember 28. 1919, for the improvement of this terminal at an estimated cost of $255,275. The contract requires that the work shall be completed by May 28, 1921, and provides for the necessary exca- vation, construction of bulkhead walls, and grading. Further contract will be awarded for a freight house, cranes and miscellaneous equipment. Facilities will be provided for handling bulk and miscellaneous freight. 3. Head of lUnshing Bay — The site selected has an approximate frontage of 400 feet on Flushing Bay, just west of the mouth of Flushing Creek and north of Jackson Avenue, and is about 400 feet in depth. It is admirably located and will serve not only the growing coinmunities of Flushing, College Point, and Corona, but many other inland sections, such as Jamaica, Forest Hills. Riclimond Hill, Bayside, Whitestone, etc. Notwithstanding the fact that navigation in Flushing Creek extends considerably further inland, the terminal as located will not be subject to the inconveniences of drawbridge navigation. 38 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Oueens Terminal Contract No. 43, awarded on July 25th, 1919 to McHarg-Barton Company of New York City for a total sum of $151,340, provides for excavating a terminal basin, constructing a bulkhead wall and a frame freight house. Con- tract is to be completed by July 25, 1920. Additional contract will be made for paving, cranes and miscellaneous equipment. Facilities will be provided for handling bulk and miscellaneous cargoes. Queens Borough will have all three terminals, as pointed out above, whereas to date there have been two terminals established on the waterfront in Brooklyn and only one in the Bronx. The action of the State in acquiring these three terminals is a practical example of what can be accomplished through organized effort by the business men of a community through its Chamber of Commerce. \Mien the Chamber was organized in 1911, a Commission appointed by the State had just completed its hearings on the proposed location of Barge Canal Terminals. As the business men of Oueens had not been organized, and there- fore did not present a united demand for terminals, no provision was made for their establishment in the Borough, although, even at that time, nearly 5 per cent of the assessed valuation, population, and manufactured products of the State were included in the Borough. A Barge Canal Terminal is a freight station on the waterfront, to or from which the public can truck freight shipped via canal boats, just the same as they do from freight stations on railroads. The manufacturers and merchants of Oueens will all benefit by the reduction in the cost of transporting commodities of every kind, as there is not a section of the Borough which will noi be within easy trucking distance of at least one of these three terminals. Vernon Ave. B.\rge C.\n.\l Termin.\l, Long Isl.\nd City, Just North of Oueensboro Bridge. New York Citv 39 BRIDGES FE first step in the gradual rounding out of New York City dur- ing the past forty years was the spanning of the East River by immense aerial highways, eliminating this waterway as a bar- rier to the spread of population and conmierce eastward into Queens and Brooklyn. Three huge bridges connecting Manhattan and Brooklyn — the Brooklyn Bridge, opened in May 1883 ; the Williamsburg Bridge, opened in December 1903 ; and the Manhattan Bridge, opened in December 1909 — have been, and are today, important factors in the growth of Queens Borough. All three bridges serve indirectly, through the Borough of Brooklyn, the residential and business interests of Queens. As the business center of Manhattan grew northward, and as the population, commerce and industry of Queens Borough continued to increase, the necessity for a direct connection between Manhattan and Queens became more and more necessary. Shortly after Queens became a part of New York City, the efforts of its residents to secure the construction of such a bridge were rewarded, for in June 1901 a contract was let for the piers and in November 1903 contract was let for the steel stiperstructure of the Queensboro Bridge. On March 30, 1909, the bridge was completed and officially opened to the public. Immediately following the opening of the Queensboro Bridge, many large inaustrial plants, formerly located in Manhattan, began to seek sites in Queens for the erection of new plants. This influx of factories has grown year by year, and the number of vehicles and passengers using the bridge daily has continued to increase to such an extent that plans are already being made to urge the con- struction of still another bridge connecting Queens with Manhattan and the Bronx by spanning the East River in the vicinity of Hell Gate. QUEENSBORO BRIDGE No better proof of the rapid development of Queens Borough and adjacent territory on Long Island during the past decade need be given than a statement of the amazing growth of the daily traffic of passengers, vehicles and trolley cars crossing the Queensboro Bridge since its opening in 1909. Each year a traffic count for a period of 24 hours is made by the Department of Plant and Structures (formerly Bridge Department) and the results below show 900 per cent increase in vehicular traffic and 150 per cent increase in the number of persons who daily cross the Bridge during the past 10 years. 40 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens DATE Nov. II, 1910 Dec. 28, 191 1 Oct. 24, 1912 Oct. 29, 1913 Nov. 5, 1914 Oct. 28, 191S (a) Dec. 7, 1916 Oct. 25, 191 7 1918 Oct. 21, 1919 SECOND .WE. "L" CARS PERSONS TROLLEY CARS VEHICLES 44,329 i,7Si 1.810 47.694 2,284 2,352 59,529 2,796 3,644 81,760 2,924 6,691 87,850 3,091 7,207 93.654 3.212 9.50s 79.482 2,967 9,858 93,897 2,113 13.431 1032 No Official Count Made 109.691 i,si6 i8,Soi 1,183 (a) The decrease in number of persons and trolleys in 1916 resulted from the operation of the Queensboro Subway between 42nd Street, Man- hattan, and the Bridge Plaza, Long Island City. Courtesy E. W. St^offord. View showing five bridges spanning the East River. The New York Con- necting Railroad Bridge at Hell Gate is shown in foreground. The proposed Tri-lJorough Bridge would parallel this route a short distance to the south. The Queensboro Bridge across Blackwell's Island joining Long Island City with Manhattan at 59th Street is also shown. New York City 41 IXCREASE IX MOTOR VEHICLES (b) Operation of 2nd Ave. "L" trains on upper level inaugurated Julv 23, 1917. The increase in the number of motor driven vehicles as compared with horse drawn is particularly interesting. In 1913, there were 1899 horse drawn (25% ) and 4792 motor driven (75%) or a total of 6691 vehicles crossing the bridge in 24 hours. In 1919 the number of horse drawn had decreased to 1207 (7%) and the motor driven had increased to 17,594 (93%) or a total of 18.801. A large part of this increase is due to the many new automobile manufacturing plants and service stations which have located in Queens Borough during the past ten years. The picture below shows very clearly how close together are the "Automobile Sales Row" on Broadway, Manhattan, and the many automobile service and manufacturing plants in Queens Borough. The three bridges — Williamsburg, Manhattan and Brooklyn — connecting lower Manhattan with Brooklyn are seen in the distance. In the central foreground may be seen the largest gas plant in the w(jrl(l — The Astoria Light, Heat and Power Co. — where all the gas consumed in Man- hattan is manufactured. 42 Chamber of Commerce of the Rorougii of Oueexs Photo by Dr. Il\ T. Kilmer The Queensboro Bridge at Night Gocrz-Dagor Lens The 52-toot wide vehicular roadway of the Queenshoro Bridge. 18.000 vehicles used this roadway on Oct. 21, 1919. On a summer day as many as 30,000 automobiles use this roadway. It is the great commercial highway connecting the industrial sections of Queens Borough with the mercantile sections of Manhattan. New York City 43 HISTORY December 2, 1899— The general plan for a canliiever bridge from Second Avenue, between 59tli and 60th Streets, Manhattan, across Blackwell's Island to intersection with Jane Street, Long Island City, was submitted to the Secretary of War. November 15, 1900— Ordinance authorizing construction approved by Mavor of New York City. February 23, 1901— Plans were approved by War Department. March 21, 1901 — Board of Alderman authorized condemnation proceedings for the land required. June 27, 1901 — Contract was let for construction of the six masonry piers to Ryan & Parker for $745,547; work commenced July 19th. November 20, 1903 — Contract let to Pennsylvania Steel Company for construc- tion of steel superstructure at $5,132,985. December 31, 1903 — Contract let to Williams Engineering & Contracting Com- pany for towers on piers for $685,000. June 15, 1908 — Contract of Pennsylvania Steel Company for steel superstructure completed. March 30, 1909 — Bridge opened for pedestrians and vehicles. June 12, 1909 — Celebration of completion of bridge commenced. September 19, 1909 — Operation of surface cars over bridge began. July 18, 1911 — Bridge tolls abolished by Board of Aldermen. July 23, 1917 — Second Avenue "L" operated across upper level from Manhattan. FIXED STATISTICS Type — Continuous cantilever, without suspended span ; steel towers. Grades on Bridge and Approaches — Queens approach, 3.4 per cent ; ]\lan- hattan approach, roadway, 3.5 per cent ; trolleys, 5.8 per cent ; main bridge spans, 3.4 per cent ; the middle, 1,700 feet, is level. Jludth of Ji'atcruvv — Pier line to pier line, west channel, 939 feet; east channel, 793.2 feet. Clear Width of Navigable Openings, square with the channel — Between 2A — foot contours, west channel, 860.7 feet; east channel, 216.3 feet. Material of Bridge — Medium steel, except top chord eye-bars and pins, which are nickel steel. Foundation — Two anchor piers to rock; 4 main piers to rock. facilities — One roadway, 53.25 feet wide; 2 sidewalks, 16.33 feet; 2 surface car tracks ; 2 elevated car tracks. Can Pass in Hither Direction in One Hour (maximum) — Passengers (vehicles), 14,400; passengers (cars), 315,200; foot passengers, 24.500; total 354,100; 172.050 eastbound, 172,050 westbound. 44 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Original Contract Price— Land, $4,635,000; approaches, bridge, $13,496,500. Final Cost, Including Land, c/c— $18,131,500. Total length of bridge from east side of Second Avenue, Manhattan, to Jack- son Avenue, Queens, including Queens Plaza, 8,601 feet. The length of spans are: Manhattan anchor spans, 469.5 feet; west channel span, 1,182 feet; island span, 459 feet; east channel span, 984 feet; Queens anchor span, 459 feet. The clear height over East River is 135 feet. PROPOSED TRI-BOROUGH BRIDGE A bill has been introduced in the New York State Legislature authorizing the City of New York to proceed with the construction of a new bridge over the East River connecting Queens Borough with the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx. Tentative plans, which have already been prepared by the Department of Plant and Structures for this new highway, estimate its cost between $15,000,000, and $20,000,000. The proposed bridge would have terminals at Second Avenue and Potter Avenue, Queens ; 125th Street and First Avenue, Manhattan ; and St. Ann's Avenue and Southern Boulevard, Bronx. The total length of the bridge would be about 15,000 feet and it would parallel the present approaches of the span of the New York Connecting Railroad Bridge from Astoria crossing the East River at Hell Gate, across Randall's Island and Ward's Island where it would fork, one branch (for vehicles and foot traffic) leading to 125th Street, Manhattan, and the other branch (for transit lines, vehicles, and foot traffic) to the Bronx. The construction of this bridge would mean that the upper part of Man- hattan, as well as the Bronx, would be made more accessible to Queens Borough, which naturally means a reduction in the cost of handling products transported between these boroughs. An important reason given for the construction of this bridge is the oppor- tunity which would be afforded for the extension of the present Astoria "L" to upper Manhattan and the Bronx making the labor supply of these great resi- dential centers more available for the many industrial plants in Queens Borough. BRIDGES CONNECTING QUEENS WITH BROOKLYN; BRIDGES CROSSING INTERIOR WATERWAYS, Kamt Water Crossing Type of Cleur Height Greatesi Lentrtli of Lensth of Total M-idth Vernon Avenue Newtown Creek Greenpoint Avenue... " Meeker Avenue " Grand Street Borden Avenue Dutch Kills Creek Flushing Flushing Creek Strong's Causeway Flushing Creek Little Neck Alley Creek Bridge Above II.H.W. .Span Bridge App. of Bridge Feet Poet Feat Feet Feet Bascule ^4 172 1698.6 1500 60 Swing IS 206.7 282 75 32 Swing 8 200 284 84 31 Swing 10 229.6 550 320 36 Retractile 3-5 169 26s 90 50.5 Bascule 12 68 351 262 52 Swing 2 135 135-2 44 33-2 Swing 2 90 1 57.2 65 18 New York City 45 TRANSPORTATION THE NEW YORK CONNECTING RAILROAD HE New York Connecting Railroad was completed and placed in operation in April 1917 for passenger service. Freight service was inaugurated January 17th, 1918. The importance of this enormous and costly undertaking to the industrial and commercial life of Queens Borough can- not be overestimated. It is not only of inestimable value to the thousands of manufacturing establishments now located in the Borough, but will be the deciding factor in bringing thousands of new industrial plants into Queens. Connecting as it does, thousands of miles of tracks operated by the Pennsvl- vania Railroad System with the thousands of miles operated by the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad System and its connections in the New En"-- land States, this new Railroad has placed all of the Borough of Queens on the main line of these vast transportation systems and has enabled shippers and receivers of freight in every section of the Borough to save both time and money in the receipt and delivery of their raw materials and finished products. It has given Queens Borough an all rail route with the mainland and has done away with the necessity for lightering freight cars across the East River to New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad terminals. Today long trains of freight cars are operating over this new route bringing into Queens, with greater dispatch, commodities of every description and taking back to all parts of the United States the products of the industrial plants of the Borough. The New York Connecting Railroad, incorporated April 1892, was granted a Certificate on February 14th, 1907 by the Board of Rapid Transit Railroad Commissioners of the City of New York, authorizing it to construct and operate a railroad from a point in the Borough of Brooklyn, through the Borough of Queens, and across the East River, Ward's Island, Little Hell Gate, Randall's Island and Bronx Hills to a point in the Borough of the Bronx, a distance of approximately 12 miles. The certificate and franchise were approved by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment on February 15th, 1907 and by the Mayor on March 14th of the same vear. 46 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens The bridge itself, which is the largest of its kind in the world, cost $18,000,000. The total cost including the approaches and construction work to Bay Ridge was $30,000,000. The total length of the bridge including the viaducts is more than three miles. The main span across the East River at Hell Gate connects the Astoria section of Queens with Ward's Island, and Ward's Island is in tvirn connected with Randall's Island, which is connected with the Bronx. The massive granite piers of the bridge rise to a height of 240 feet and are 1,000 feet apart. The big steel arches which support the deck of the bridge are 3,000 feet in length, rising to a height of 300 feet above the water. The deck is 150 feet above the river and the clearance for vessels at mean high water is 140 feet, permitting the tallest masts of the largest vessels afloat today to pass safely beneath it. The Railroad is used not only for freight service but two of the four tracks are used for passenger traffic. Through passenger trains operate from Boston to Washington and other cities. The structure after leaving the bridge across the East River gradually descends in Queens to a level near the surface at Wood- side where one branch, for passenger trains, extends to the Sunnyside Yards of the Long Island Railroad and is carried into the tunnels under the East River to the Pennsylvania Station in Manhattan. Another branch, for freight trains, continues through the Newtown section, where the route is gradually depressed and becomes partly tunnel construction, until Lutheran Cemetery is reached. Here it enters a tunnel more than a half mile in length and is carried over the tracks of the Long Island Railroad to the Evergreen section where it again passes through tunnels under the East New York section of Brooklyn, and thence through a "ctit" to the Bay Ridge section on the waterfront of South Brooklyn. From this point freight cars are lightered across the Upper Bay to the Pennsyl- vania Railroad yards at Greenville, N. J. Efforts are now being made by the Queens Chamber of Commerce to have freight tunnels constructed under the Narrows connecting South Brooklyn and Staten Island to provide for an all rail route to connect with all the trunk lines which terminate on the Jersey side of the harbor. The interchange point of the New York Connecting Railroad for the delivery of freight to Long Island Railroad is at Fresh Pond Junction, situated on the Montauk Division, about half way between Long Island City and Jamaica. New York City 47 TROLLEY LINES P to the years 1915-6-7, when the new rapid extensions into Queens were placed in operation, the development of the Bor- ough was entirely dependent upon the Long Island Railroad and the trolley lines. With 200 miles of trolley tracks radiating to all parts of the Borough, connecting many widely separated communities, Queens began to grow to its present importance. The most important addition to the trolley facilities of the Borough during the past ten years was the completion of the line which operates from Second Avenue. Alanhattan, across the Queensboro Bridge and over Queens Boulevard, to Jamaica, a distance of 10 miles. The line was placed in operation to Win- field in January 1913. to the Long Island Railroad Station, in Jamaica, in January 1914. and to South Jamaica in April 1916. The efifective cooperation of the Queens Chamber of Commerce secured the retention of the franchise for this road when in 1912 proceedings had been started to rescind the franchise for failure on the part of the South Shore Traction Com- pany (to whom it was originally granted) to construct the line. Modern, side-door passenger cars, which make this trip in about half an hour, have made accessible for greater home development, thousands of acres of land through the center of the Borough which formerly had no transportation facilities except one or two stations on the Main Line of the Long Island Rail- road. Another important improvement to the trolley facilities of the Borough was the operation of the cars of the Brooklyn, Queens County and Suburban Railway over the extension of this line from Dry Harbor Road (Middle Milage) to Fulton St. (Jamaica), a distance of approximately three miles, which began September 25th, 1917. This extension furnishes a shorter and more direct route between Jamaica. Richmond Hill, Kew Gardens and Forest Hill to the Williamsburg bridge and City Hall. Manhattan. NUMBER OF FARE PASSENGERS Year New York Man. & Eliding & Queens X. Y. & L. I. L. I. Electric X.Y.&N 0. Ocean Queens June County Traction Railway Shore Trac - Electric Traction 30th Railway Co. tion Co. Co. Co. Total igio 20,277.761 7,080,303 3,519,080 2.103,868 1,449.062 34.430.074 1911 23,640,701 7,758,657 3.837.468 2,084.758 2.2.30,951 2,969,950 42.522.485 1912 25.450.728 7.834.539 3,826,087 2.755.140 2.647.004 2.668,.334 45.182.732 1913 2.6950,656 8,040,320 4.084,666 2,761,466 2.876,607 2.753.299 47.467.014 1914 26.744.147 8,088,288 4.367.602 2.878.546 2.171,551 4.728.472 40.073.606 191 5 26,835.060 8.549,769 4.404.800 2.940,272 3.100,473 6.855.7.^4 52.686.108 1916 28.373.608 8.294,525 4.418,033 2.901.530 3,008,600 7. 1 70. 1 98 54. 167.403 191 7* 21.481.773 8,574-489 4.464.017 2,787.813 3,l49,.36o 8.093.565 48.551.01- 1918* 18.805.235 8,988,026 3.972.3.56 3.972,104 3.109,695 5.940.482 43,544,988 1919* 20,490,616 9,916,443 4.166.612 2.716.602 3.439,412 5.993.890 46.723.575 ♦Decrease resulted from operation of rapid tr iiisit trains. 48 Chamber of Commerce of' the Borough of Queens Lines Operated Xame of Railway Miles of Track Incor- por- ated Remarks From To Xew York & Queens County Railway Xew York via Queens- horo Bridge & Long Isl- and City Flushing City Line, Brooklyn Jamaica L. I. Citv Dutch Kills Steinway Astoria Ravenswood Calvary Elmhnrst Corona & Flushing College Point & Jamaica Ozone Park, Laurelton, W'oodhaven & Jamaica. HoUis &Queens 74..-S 1S96 Owned bv the Intcrhnro R. T. Co'. *New Y^ork & Long Island Traction Co. 4 1. So 1894 Owned jointly bv the L. I. R. R. & the Interboro R. T. Co. *Long Island Electric Railway Co. Jamaica Hollis, Queens S: Hempstead 25.85 1S99 Owned jointly bv the L. I. R. R. & the Interboro R. T. Co. *Xew York & Xorth Shore Traction Co. Flushing W'hitestorie, Bayside, Great Keck, Roslyn, & Port Wash- ington 1902 Operation started July 1910 Ocean Electric Railway Company Far Rock- away Hammels, Belle Harbor, Rock- away Beach 15-59 1897 Owned by the L. I. R. R. Manhattan & Queens Traction Corporation New York via Queens- boro Bridge Long Island L. I. City, Elm- hurst, Forest Hills, Kew Gar- dens, Jamaica 19.4S 1903 Local service started 1909 ; Line to Jamaica 1914 tBrooklyn, Queens Co. & Sub- urban R. R. Bk. (Metro- p'lit'n Ave.) Brooklyn (Cj'press Hills) Jamaica W'oodhaven, Richmond Hill, Jamaica 27.00 1893 Owned by the Brooklyn R. T. Co. tBrooklyn Heights Railroad Co. Bk. (Rgwd) Bk. (Rgwd) Mhtn. (De- lancey St.) Richmond Hill (Myrtle Ave.) Flushing Xorth Beach 55-00 1887 Owned by the B. R. T. Co. ♦Operated in both Queens Borough and X'assau County. tOperated in both Queens Borough and Brooklyn. New York Citv 49 PENNSYLVANIA STATION I IE magnificicnt Pennsylvania Station, situated in the heart of the niichown business section of Manhattan and located on the Seventh Avenue Subway, is within a few minutes walk of the theatrical and shopping districts. It is one of the prin- cipal gateways to the Borough of Queens. Any publication setting forth the advantages of the Queens Borough section of New York City, would be incomplete with- out a statement as to the facilities which are provided by this gigantic terminal for the residential and business interests of the fastest growing borough of Xew York City. The Station is built after the Roman Doric Style of architecture and covers the entire area bounded by Seventh and Eighth Avenues and 31st and 33rd Streets, covering more territory than any other building in the world, constructed at one time. It is larger than the Union Station at St. Louis, and more spacious than the new station at Washington. It covers eight acres of ground, and took six years to complete. It has a capacity of 144 trains per hour, has eleven station platforms with a total length of nearly four miles. BiRDSEYE View of Pexxsylvaxi.\ Station 50 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Ten years ago — September 12th, 1910 — this station was opened for oper- ation of the trains of the Long Island Railroad giving electric train service to all parts of Queens Borough. Passengers can go from this station in modern comfortable steel coaches, electrically operated, to the furthermost points in Queens Borough in half an hour. Four minutes after starting, passing through tunnels under Manhattan Island and the East River, trains emerge into the Sunnyside Yards in Long Island City. Nine minutes after starting the first stop is made at Woodside, 5 miles distant from the Pennsylvania Station. The amazing growth in the number of Long Island Railroad passengers, to and from Queens Borough and all sections of Long Island, has necessitated the enlargement and remodeling, three different times within the past nine years of that part of the Station along 33rd Street, devoted to the use of the Long Island Railroad. More than 100,000,000 passengers have entered and departed on the Long Island Railroad alone in the past nine years. It is estimated that 75% of these passengers travel to and from stations located in Queens Borough. The following statement gives a good idea of the remarkable growth in the use of this station by both the Long Island Railroad and the Pennsylvania Rail- road. Passengers For Year 1911 Arriving & Departing Number Percent Long Island Railroad 6,224,429 64 Pennsylvania Railroad 3,638,005 36 Total 9,862,434 100 Lehigh Valley Railroad Baltimore & Ohio " ♦Estimated The total number of Pennsylvania Railroad passengers arriving and leaving New York City during 1919 was 40,800.000 which was made up as follows: — 10,200,000 — to and from Pennsylvania Station. 22,440.000 — to and from Newark, Harrison and Manhattan Transfer. 4,420,000 — to and from steam trains at Jersey City. 2,040,000— Cortlandt Street Ferry. 1,700,000— Desbrosses Street Ferry. The remarkable transportation facilities which this Station places at the dis- posal of the residents of Queens Borough are unique, for no other borough of New York City possesses similar advantages. This wonderful transportation service from Manhattan to Queens, combined with the Rapid Transit service of the new subway and elevated extensions from Manhattan and Brooklyn to all sections of Queens, has resulted in a building development of homes and fac- tories that was equaled by only three cities in the United State in 1919. ''or Year 191' 9 Percent Number Percent Increase 19.843,205 66 220 10,200,000* 34 180 30,043,205 100 200 408,000 510,000 New York City 51 THE LONG ISLAND RAILROAD HE silent, swift and smokeless rapid transit service rendered by the Long Island Railroad to the residents of every section of Queens Borough is distinctive. With the advantages of both steam and electric trains, vmder river tunnels, and nearly 200 miles of single track in Queens Borough and with modern all- steel car equipment, the transportation facilities offered by this railroad are ahead of those provided for any other section adjacent to Manhattan. No other borough of New York City has the advantage of similar service. Trains of big, comfortable steel cars, electrically operated, from the terminals in Manhattan, Brooklyn and Long Island City, carry more than 150,000 passengers daily to and from their homes and places of business. The growth during the past ten years in the ntmiber of commuters who use this road to reach their homes in the attractive residential sections of Queens has exceeded even the most optimistic expectations of those who planned the costly improvements which have made these facilities so valuable to the present and future residential, industrial and commercial interests of Queens Borough. Passenger Station and Office Building, Ja.maica. 52 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens The niunber of passengers on the Long Island Railroad, who enter and leave the Flatbush Avenue Station in Brooklyn, is almost as great as the total number of both New York Central and New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad pas- sengers using the Grand Central Station. The number of Long Island Railroad passengers who enter and leave the Pennsylvania Station in Manhattan has grown from 6,224,429 in 1911 to 19,843,205 in 1919, an increase of 220% in less than 10 years. Although there are more railroad lines operating to New Jersey towns within the Metropolitan area, they are' steam roads without direct terminals in Manhat- tan or Brooklyn. Their service to commuters cannot be compared with that rendered by the Long Island Railroad to the residents of Queens. The fact that an express station on the original subway in New York was located at Grand Central Station gave the New York Central and New Haven Railroads a decided advantage from 1904, when the subway was placed in oper- ation, to 1918 when the Seventh Avenue Subway was opened with an express stop at Pennsylvania Station. Commuters who formerly lived in Westchester County and Connecticut now find it more convenient to use the Penn.sylvania Station to reach homes in Queens Borough, The tide of travel has turned east- ward. Since 1901, when the Pennsylvania Railroad acf|uired control of the Long Island Railroad, the entire system has been practically relniilt, with an expendi- ture of over $60,000,000 for eliminating grade crossings, providing additional tracks, rolling stock and stations. All of this work has been done in conjunction with the vast improvements of the Penns\-lvania system in and around New York City, estimated to have cost over one hundred million dollars. HISTORY The Long Island Raliroad Company — one of the first steam railroads of the United States — was incorporated in April 18.34, to build a line from the village of Greenport, L. I. to the water edge in the village of Brooklyn, to connect with steamboats at Greenport to make a through line from New York to Boston. The first line built was from Brooklyn to Jamaica in 1834; Long Island City to Jamaica in I860: Long Island City and New York and Flushing Junction 1854; W'hitcstone and Whitestone Junction 1868; Rockaway Junction and Far Rock- away 1873; Great Neck and Port Washington 1898. ELECTRIFICATION Electrical work on the lines of the Long Island Railroad commenced in 1904 and electric service was started from Brooklyn to Rockaway Park across the Jamaica Bay trestle, July 28, 1905; from Brooklyn to Jamaica, August 30, 1905; to Belmont Park. October 2. 1905; Springfield Junction. October 16, 1905; and yr:\v "N^oKK City 53 Map Shdvvixg -OCATION (II- I'aSSKXCER STATION'S IN OuEKNS JiORUUGII ON" THE l.oNc Island Railroad. Valley Stream via Haniniel and Far Rockaway. December 11, 1905. On May 17, 1906 electric service was extended from Springfield Junction to Valley Stream completing a loop around the eastern section of Jamaica Bay ; on May 26, 1908 the service was extended to Hempstead and Garden City. On .September 10, 1910. electrical operation was inaugurated from Pennsyl- vania Station, Manhattan, to Jamaica and Long Beach; also, via Glendale cut-off. 54 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queexs to Rockaway Beach. On October 22, 1912, electric service was started from Pennsylvania Station, via Flushing, Bridge Street, to College Point and White- stone; and on Octboer 21, 1913 to Flushing. Bayside. and other stations, to Port Washington. Today the Long Island Railroad operates 400 miles of line of which more than 70 miles are in Queens Borough — some two and others four and six tracks. Eighty-five percent of the road in Queens in electrified. TUNNELS The construction of the four steel tunnels from the Pennsylvania Station under the Island of Manhattan and the East River, connecting not only the Bor- ough of Queens, but all of Long Island, with the heart of New York, was one ■of the greatest railroad projects ever undertaken. Great engineering difficulties were encountered on account of the number of tubes and the rapidly moving express and local trains they were built to stand. The length of each tunnel from Pennsylvania Station to the First Avenue shaft is 5,199 feet ; First Avenue shaft to Long Island City shaft, 3.955 feet ; Long Island City shaft to portal 3,950 feet. SUNNYSIDE YARD SuxxvsiDE Yard, Loxg Island City. Pierce-Arrow Service St.\tion in Background. The Sunnyside Yard is a part of the huge terminal system of the Pennsyl- vania Railroad and the Long Island Railroad and is said to be the largest and most scientifically arranged passenger car yard in the world. It has an area of 190 acres used for that purpose of car storage and for overhauling and cleaning day coaches and Pullman cars ; also for making up trains preparatory to their trip to the Pennsylvania Station in Manhattan, from which they run to all parts of the trunk system of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The yard is 5,500 feet in length and 1,550 feet in width. There are at present 72> miles of track in the yard arranged in a system of loops that have a capacity for the storage of 2,000 cars. In the construction of the yard over 2,300.000 cubic yards of dirt were moved. The yard is traversed by eight stately steel bridges and viaducts, some of which cost over $500,000, providing for carrying the highways of Queens Xew Yokk City 55 Flatbush Ave. Station, Brooklyx. across the net work of tracks. Nearby is the power house that supplies the power for the entire electrical operation of the Long Island Railroad and con- tains 32 boilers, set in batteries of two boilers each, with a capacity of 37.500 Horse Power, or 50,000 Kilowatts of electrical power. The building has a capacity of double the present amount of machinery, or 100,000 Kilowatts. IMPROVEMENTS NORTH SHORE DIllSlOX The completion of the electrification of the Xorth Shore Division from Win- field to Port Washington, estimated to have cost $1.500.000., which included the elimination of grade crossings through Flushing, and the inauguration of through electric service on this line, has resulted in a great saving of time to all residents on this branch, and has done away with the former inconvenience of changing cars at Woodside. WOODSIDE-WINFIELD CUT-OFF l The completion in 1916 of this important improvement eliminated ten grade crossings, straightened the main line doing away with a double curve, and af- fected a considerable saving in time for all trains to and from both the Pennsyl- vania Station and the Long Island City terminal. The improvement included a massive six-track steel bridge more than 200 feet in length over Queens Boule- vard. The joint rapid transit transfer station on the Corona Elevated extension is on this straightened line. The increase in the number of tickets sold at this rapid transit station from May 1917, when it was placed in operation, to Septem- ber 1919 tells its own story as to the convenience of this joint station for the interchange of passengers. The number of tickets sold in May 1917 was 42,100; the number in September 1919 was 71,900. 56 Chamber of CojfMERCE of the Borough of Queens i|>!''immm'ini p -i^ TnfniiiT, nmnm, ■ 1111 lin'liiii ._^.^™^,,,^ ,,,,,,,,„ nun,niin,Munn,„unn,.n„M, „„ Station' at Broadway, I'lushing. JAMAICA IMPROVEMENT l The biggest railroad improvement in the Borough during the past ten years was the completion of the new Jamaica transfer station and yard, costing over $3,000,000. This station was opened to the public in March, 1913. As a result of the improvement many dangerous highway crossings at grade were eliminated and passengers from all parts of Long Island are now afforded easy and quick transfer between trains, doing away with former delays. The station includes 12 passenger tracks and five wide platforms. The improvement also included the construction of a six-story, concrete-steel station and office building. The main station is now at Sutphin Avenue. 1.500 feet west of the old station. The improvement has given a great stimulus to the development of Jamaica and other sections in the central and southern part of the Borough. The great increase in the yard capacity permits an increase in the number of trains without resulting in congestion and consequent delay and danger. The extent of the benefit of the improvement can be appreciated by the fact that over 100,000 passengers pass through this station on an average for every day of the vear. GRADE CROSSINGS In addition to the elimination of grade crossings as a result of the improve- ments at Woodside, Flushing and Jamaica, important work has also been done at Fresh Pond Road and Metropolitan Avenue, at Bushwick Junction. Hollis, and in Far Rockaway. The elimination of grade crossings in Richmond Hill on the Montauk Division, and along the Atlantic Division through Woodhaven and Morris Park will be undertaken shortly. There are today approximately 169 grade crossings on the Long Island Rail- road in Queens Borough. New York City 57 WOODSIDE TRANSFER STATION Through this joint station, passengers on any division of the Long Island Railroad, whether North Shore, Main Line, or Rockaway Division, are able to transfer directly to the Queensboro Subway and Second Avenue "L" rapid tian- sit trains of the Interborough and the Hroadway-59th Street Line of the B. R. T. The importance of this station as a transfer point is directly proportional to the number of Long Island Railroad trains which stop there. About seventy- four percent of the trains stop today. The Queensboro Chamber of Commerce be- lieves that more trains should stop at that point for the interchange of passengers, at the same time realizing that passengers bound for all points in New York City can go through to the Pennsylvania Station and make connections there with the Seventh Avenue Subwav. Map Showing Rel.vtiox of the \\'ooDsnjE Stations of the Long Island Railro.vd and the Raph) Transit Systems as a Convenient Transfer Point. Insert Photograph Shows the Two Stations, One Above the Other. 58 Chamber of Cojimerce of the Borough of Queens PASSENGER TRAFFIC Lying within a radius of 15 to 20 miles from the business sections of Man- hattan and Brooklyn is the great suburban zone of the Borough of Queens. This is one of the most wonderful residential sections in the world. The following table will give the reader an adequate idea of the immense growth in travel in the past ten years to and from Brooklyn and New York to Queens Borough and Long Island. Year No. of Passengers Carried 1 Increase No. : of Commuters ^Tickets) igio 30,978,615 3.5 1 1.854 142,427 igii 33.867,228 2,888,613 162,318 1912 37,319,812 3.452,584 182,025 1913 40,606,183 3,286,317 203,886 1914 42,127,526 1,521,343 216,728 191S 42,629,325 501,799 226,391 1916 45,802,555 3.213.230 254,803 1917 50,796,028 4.993.473 275,712 1918 55,004,086 4,208,058 294,045 1919 64,067,541 9,063,45s 367,057 The following table gives the number of passengers entering and leaving the three principals terminals for the past ten years : — Year L. I. Citv Brookl3'n Penna. Sta. Local Total 1910 6,332,878 13.455,991 1,422,999 9.766.837 30,978,615 *I9II *3,3o8,938 14,094.003 6,224,429 10,339,853 33,867,228 1912 3,071,004 15,772,402 7,732,184 10,744,222 37.319.812 1913 2,318,568 17.501,524 9,629,021 11,157,070 40,606,183 1914 1.471.S41 18,064,729 11,031,845 11,559.411 42,127,526 191S 1,242,061 18,135,150 11,807,512 11, ,-141, 662 42,629,325 1916 1,167,087 19.666.344 13,225,091 11.745.033 45.802,555 1917 1,210,578 23,118,805 14,459,259 12,007,386 50,796,028 1918 1,676,045 23,824,123 15,595,142 13,908,776 55,004,086 1919 1,399.352 27,543,674 19,843,20s 15.231.310 64,067,541 (*The opening of the Pennsylvania Station in September diverted the trains, and therefore tlie passengers, from the former terminal in Long Island City.) To carry the above passengers in and out of the terminals The Long Island Railroad operated, during 1919, 88,140 trains in and out of the Pennsylvania Station and 103,390 trains in and out of Flatbush Avenue. FREIGHT The Long Island Railroad Co. serves all parts of Queens Borough and is a Terminal Line for all of the Trunk Lines entering New York City. Except in and from nearby points, New York rates, (with few exception) apply to and from nearly all points in the Metropolitan District on Long Island, which includes the following stations in Queens Borough : Blissville -Elmhurst Jamaica Richmond Hill College Point Flushing Laurel Hill Whitestone Corona Forest Hills T-ong Island City \\'infield Glendale Ozone Park New Yokk City 59 To and from points beyond Flushing and College Point on the N'orlh Shore ; Jamaica on the IMain Line, and Ozone Park on the Kockaway Beach Division; the through rates are slightly higher than the rates to and from the above points. The New York Connecting R. R., with its bridge over Hell Gate, provides an all-rail servcie on traffic to and from New England routed via the N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. The rates via this route to and from all points in Queens Borough (except Fresh Pond Junction — the interchange point) are slightly higher at the present time than the rates to and from Manhattan. FREIGHT CARRIED BY THE LONG ISLAND R. R. i. No. tons Increase Year carried Decrease ( — ) Revenue 1910 3,814,209 218,352 $3,100,064 191 1 3,996,717 182,508 3,258,402 1912 4,268,313 271,596 3.435.64.3 1913 4,147,072 121,241 3.327.768 1914 4.480.231 333.151 3,739.567 1915 4,443,333 —36,898 3.865,745 1916 5,134,838 691,505 4,397,210 1917 5,271,509 136,671 4,623,578 1918 5,798.876 527,367 5,713.724 1919 5.912,833 1 13.957 6,280,426 FACILITIES FOR RECEIPT AND DELIVERY OF FREIGHT The facilities of the Long Island Railroad for handling freight in the Bor- ough of Queens are as follows : Auburndale, Carloads only. Team track capacity 12 cars. Bayside, Carloads and less. Team track capacity 16 cars. Blissville, Carloads only. Greenpoint Avenue & Newtown Creek. Team track capacity 20 cars. Blissville Docks, Located on Newtown Creek, between \'ernon & Greenpoint Avenues. Ample facilities are provided for handling freight between boats and cars when destined to or shipped from points on the Long Island Railroad. Broad Channel, Less than carloads only ; handled under special restrictions. Under jurisdiction of Hammel Agency. Charges on in- bound freight must be prepaid. College Point, Carloads and less. Team track capacity 14 cars. Corona, Carloads and less. Team track capacity 19 cars. Douglaston, Carloads and less. Team track capacity 27 cars. Elmhurst, Carloads and less. Team track capacity 11 cars. Evergreen (Bklyn) Carloads only. Team track capacity 23 cars. Far Rockaway, Carloads and less. Team track capacity 52 cars. Flushing, Carloads and less. Myrtle Avenue near Farrington Street. Team track capacity 24 cars. Forest Hills, Carloads and less. Team track capacity 22 cars. Fresh Pond, Carloads and less. Team track capacity i2> cars. Glendale, Carloads and less. Private siding. Shippers must arrange with owners for use of same. 60 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Goose Creek, Hammel ( ^:;^r' Hollis Howard Beach, Jamaica Little Neck, LonsT Island City Ozone Park, Queens. Richmond Hill, Rockaway Park, Rosedale, St. Albans, Springfield, The Raunt, Whitestone, Winfield, Less than carloads only; handled under special restrictions. Under jurisdiction of Hammel Agency. Charges on in- bound freight must be prepaid. ) Carloads and less. Team track capacity 15 cars. Carloads only. Team track capacity 16 cars. Carloads and less. Under jurisdiction of Ozone Park Agency. Charges on inbound freight must be prepaid. Team track capacity 11 cars. Carloads and less. Johnson & Van Wyck Avenues. Team track capacity 50 cars. Wagon scales. Carloads and less. Team track capacity 12 cars. Carloads and less; Jackson Avenue and Eighth .St.; entrance Arch St. and at Crane St. Team track capacity 60 cars. \^'agon scales. Carloads only ; Harold Avenue, Jackson Ave. and Madden .St. Team track capacity 151 cars. Electric crane, capacity 20 tons. Office Jackson Avenue and Eighth Street. Carloads and less. Freeland and Ocean Avenues. Team track capacity 40 cars. Carloads and less. Team track capacity 25 cars. Carloads and less. Jamaica and Lefferts Avenues. Team track capacity 44 cars. Carloads only. Under jurisdiction of Hammel Agency. Team track capacity 15 cars. Carloads and less. Team track capacity 9 cars. Carloads only. Team track capacity 12 cars. Carloads and less. Team track capacity 13 cars. Less than carloads only ; handled vmder special restrictions. Under jurisdiction of Hammel Agency. Charges on in- bound freight must be prepaid. Carloads and less. Team track capacity 17 cars. Carloads and less. Team track capacity 21 cars. MONTAUK POINT HARBOR The announcement of the U. S. Shipping Board in July 1919 that jilans were being prepared for the construction of two gigantic ocean liners, 1.000 feet in length, and the development of port and terminal facilities at Fort Pond Bay at the eastern end of Long Island, thus reducing the trip between Plymouth, England, and the United States approximately 120 miles, is of more than ordinary significance to Queens Borough as well as the rest of Long Island. This announcement has revived the plans contemplated several years ago by the Pennsylvania and Long Island Railroads to develop Montauk Point as a port of entry for large ocean-going steamers. The interest of Queens Borough in this plan lies in the fact that it would, if put into effect, add very materially to the importance of the Borough as a freight shipping center. The Long Island Railroad would then become a trunk line of national importance with busy terminals at both ends instead of at just one end as at present. Naturally Long Island City as one terminal, would enjoy additional industrial advantages for as a railroad grows in importance so do its terminals. Ni:\v YoKK City 61 STEWART RAILROAD It seems incredible in these clays of electric railroads, elevated and subway lines, that there should be a district half the size of Manhattan Island, entirely within the boundaries of New York City, and only eight to fifteen miles from Herald Square, without transit facilities of any sort whatsoever. Most of this territory, which is in the Third Ward of Queens, lies between Flushing and Bayside on the north, and Jamaica and Creedmore on the south, and is within sight of the Metropolitan Tower. Here the old fashioned farmer raises corn and potatoes as of fifty years ago. It is a beautiful rolling country, an elevated plateau, and admirably adapted for thousands of homes for those who work in the business sections of the metropolis, a half hour's travel distant. On September 27, 1915, the Long Island Railroad applied to the I'ublic Service Commission for permission to construct and operate a double track branch road from a point west of Lawrence Street, Flushing, on the North Shore Division, southeasterly through this undeveloped farm territory to a point at Floral Park where it would connect with the Main Line. On January 27, 1916, the Public Service Commission granted the Long Island Railroad its approval for the construction of this branch road under its franchise rights, of 1839. received from the Legislature of New York State. The approval was conditional however, upon the railroad company obtaining from the city of New York the right to cross existing streets. The city authorities maintained that a new franchise by the Board of Esti- mate and Apportionment was necessary. The railroad wished to proceed under its old Charter rights. Failure to adjust this question halted the program at that time, and while the railroad was mider Federal control, no further action covild be taken. It is believed that this plan will soon be revived and a more successful outcome will result. The "Central Railroad of Long Island." commonly known as the "Stewart Railroad" was built in 1871 by A. T. Stewart and placed in operation in 187.^ and abandoned in 1879, remaining idle ever since. Showing Route of "Stew.xrt R.vilroad" from F'lusuixg to Floral Park. 62. Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens WHOLESALE MARKET One of the Proposed Market Buildings. Elaborate plans were prepared several years ago by the Long Island Railroad for the establishment of a large wholesale and retail market on the property owned by it on the west side of Dutch Kills Creek between Hunterspoint Avenue and Borden Avenue. The tract comprises 10 acres of land and would have both railroad and water shipping facilities. The plan contemplated involved the ex- penditure of $5,000,000. for the construction of several massive structures, including a cold storage warehouse, fish market, vegetable and fruit market and meat market. The location is considered ideal by wholesale commission men for it is much nearer the truck farms of Long Island than Wallabout Market in Brooklyn or Harlem Market in Manhattan, thus requiring a shorter haul by wagon. It would be a big central distributing depot from which retailers of all the boroughs of New York could be supplied. Motor trucks can start from this point and reach any point in the city within a half hour. The Long Island Railroad, it is understood, is willing to cooperate in a plan for financing the erection of these market buildings. New York City 63 STATIONS-BOROUGH OF QUEENS The following tables give the names of every station on the Long Island Railroad in the Borough of Queens, of which there are more than sixty, and also the distances of same and the time of travel from either the Pennsylvania Station in Manhattan or the Flatbush Avenue Station in Brooklyn: — ATLANTIC AVENUE DIVISION TO BROOKLYN Station Distance Union Course 6.3 Woodhaven 6.7 Woodhaven Junction 7.2 Clarenceville 7.8 Morris Park 8.2 Dunton 8.7 Jamaica 9-3 Jamaica (Union Hall Street) 0-0 Hillside 10.6 Hollis II.5 Rellaire 12,8 Queens 13.2 MAIN LINE TO PENNA. STATION, M Station Distance Woodside 5-0 Grand Street 6.3 Forest Hills 8.7 Kew Gardens 9.7 Westbridge 10.4 Jamaica ( Main Street) 11-3 Jamaica ( Union Hall Street) 11.9 Hillside 12.7 Hollis 13-6 Queens 15-2 MONT AUK DIVISION TO LONG ISLAND CITY Station Distance Fresh Pond 3.g Glendale 5.2 Richmond Hill 7.6 Jamaica 9.1 Station Distance Winfield 5-9 Elmhurst 6.6 Corona 7-4 Flushing (Bridge Street) 9.6 (a)- College Point 1 1.0 Malba 12.0 Whitestone 12.7 " \\'hitestone Landing (Beechhurst) 13.3 Flushing (Main Street) Murray Hill 0-5 10.3 Broadway II.O (t) -S Auburndale II. 7 Bayside 12.6 I Douglastnn 13.9 LLittlc Neck M-S Ti me (Minii tes) Local E.rf'i-ess 18 — 16 — 20 16 22 — 24 19 26 28 19 31 25 34 29 36 31 38 33 40 35 Ti me (Mini tes) Local Exp less 10 10 13 — IS 14 17 15 24 18 25 23 30 25 32 28 35 31 Ti me (Mint tes) Local E.v press 16 12 20 . — 24 19 30 24 YORK. Time (Ml nutes) Local Express 12 II 14 12 17 13 21 19 24 21 26 25 28 27 30 29 22 16 24 18 27 21 29 24 32 20 35 23 37 25 (a) Whitestone Division, (ft) Port Washington Division. 64 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Oueens PAR ROCK All- AY & R0CKAIVA\ ■ BEACH DIVISIONS Time (Minutes) Distance Neiv Yoi ■k Brooklyn New York Brooklyn Local Exp. Local Exp. Brooklyn Manor lO.I — 19 19 — — Woodhaven Junction 10.5 7-' 21 21 15 14 Ozone Park 10.8 7-5 23 23 18 15 Aqueduct 1 2. 1 8.8 26 — 20 — Howard Beach 12.6 y-3 28 28 22 — Hamilton Beach 13.2 lO.I 30 30 24 — Goose Creek 14.6 II-3 36 — 26 — The Raunt 1S.5 12.2 38 — 28 — Broad Channel 16.3 131 40 31 30 28 Hammel 17.6 14-3 42 33 33 30 Holland 17.9 14-7 44 36 35 32 Steeplechase 18.3 15.0 47 39 38 34 Seaside 18.4 15.^ 47 39 38 34 Rockaway Park 19.2 15-9 50 42 41 37 *Arverne 18,6 15-3 — 27 — 26 *Egdemere 19-7 16.4 — 31 — 30 *Far Rockaway 20.S 17-5 — 34 — 33 *Via Jamaica Bay Rout e MONT AUK DIVISION Time (Minutes) Distan ce Neiv Yo rk Brooklyn Neiv )'ork Brooklyn Local £.r^ Local Exp. Cedar Manor 12.8 10.8 30 23 28 27 Locust Avenue 13.6 1 1.6 3-' 25 30 29 Higbie Avenue 14.6 12.6 34 27 32 31 Laurelton 151 l.vl 35 28 34 28 Rosedale 16.0 14.0 37 30 36 — St. Albans 14.1 1 2. 1 34 28 31 — Springfield 15-3 13-3 37 31 33 — WAR RECORD Although having but 400 miles of main hue track, the fact remains that The Long Island Railroad performed a service during the War period, both for the United States Government and for its regular patrons, which has no parallel even among the largest trunk line railroads in the coimtry. Briefly summarized, here is how the War record of the Long Island compares with the troop traffic of all the roads : New Yokk Citv 65 Alt other Long Island Railroads ■ Railroad in the U. S. Total number of troops handled by all railroads on Government Orders, from April, 1917, to November 30th, 1919 15,724,058 Troops moved to and from Long Island Camps by The Long Island Railroad, from July, 1917, to October 31st, 1919 3,264,315 Troops handled by The Long Island Railroad account furloughs and civilian visitors to Camps 1,120,949 ^ . , Total 4.385,264 Special troop trams operated by all roads 25.103 Special trains operated by The Long Island Railroad to carry troops and visitors to and from Camps 8,024 Total number of passengers, baggage and special freight cars reriuired by all railroads to move troop traffic 327,930 Number of cars necessary to move troop and visitors to and from Long Island Camps ~9.6i6 Number of tons of freight moved to and from Camps by The Long Island Railroad, from July, 1917, to October 31st, 1919 1,316,146 Cars required to haul the above freight, about 38,000 This voluminous war traffic — unequalled by any single railroad as far as the movement of troops is concerned — was handled safely and expeditiously with the same number of locomotives and the same number of passenger and freight cars that the Long Island owned and operated before the United States entered the War. The following statement has been authorized by an executive of the railroad : — "Handicapped by the inability to have new passenger cars constructed, and also unable to borrow cars from other lines, during the War period, still, with the limited equipment at its command, it was possible to take care of the ex- traordinary demands of the W'ar Department, without interfering seriouslv with the greatest movement of commuters and other passengers the Long Island Rail- road had ever experienced. "There was but one way of handling this unprecedented traffic, and that was to keep the equipment in constant use, shopping cars and engines onlv when they had reached a stage where it would have been dangerous to continue them in service. Naturally, when the \\'ar was over and the troops were demobilized, the passenger ecjuipment needed such extensive repairs that this inevitable con- dition worked more or less hardship on the Long Island traveling public, in the shape of frequent train delays and overcrowding of cars, due to lack of motive power and an insufficient number of serviceable cars. "It is encouraging to announce, however, that progress is being made toward rejuvenating the wornout equipment, locomotives are being overhauled at outside shops, 100 new steel passenger cars are in the course of construction and slated for early delivery, and the men in the transportation service are co-operating wholeheartedly with the management in providing the safe, quick and efficient service which it is desirous to furnish at all times, and which Long Island Rail- road patrons are entitled to receive." 66 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Oueexs R API D TR AN SIT HE most important improvement in Queens Borough during the past decade was the completion and operation of all the rapid transit extensions from Manhattan and Brooklyn, as part of the Dual Subway System, into various sections of the Borough. These five extensions comprise 18 miles of subway and elevated roads, some of which are two track and others three track, making a total of 50 miles of single track. They include a total of 42 stations. The cost to date for their construction and equipment, including stations but not rolling stock, exceeds $10,000,000. RAPID TRANSIT MAP The Rapid Transit Map issued as a supplement to this book, shows more dearly by different colors than any number of words could, the three separate systems of rapid transit included in the Dual Subway System. The map effec- tively demonstrates how a large portion of Queens Borough has today the ad- vantages of the three systems of rapid transit — an advantage which is only shared by that part of Manhattan south of 59th Street. The reader will note that the B. R. T. System (indicated by green lines) does not extend further north in Manhattan than 59th Street, where it turns eastward into Queens Bor- ough ; that the Interborough Elevated System (indicated by purple lines) does not extend into Brooklyn at all. but does serve Queens Borough through the exten- sion of the Second Avenue "L" across the upper level of the Queensboro Bridge ; that the Interborough Subway System (indicated by red lines) serves Queens Borough, Manhattan, Brooklyn, and the Bronx. In addition, the map clearly ^ ^ j^^ -f^ !^^^^ w i' «B.r- » > it^Pf^f ' fe. m H ^H 1 s^* lb fd 'iw-li,^ i^ — - .J.,*ex..- ■ - FROM Grand Centr.al St.'vtion, 4jnd St., TO Queensboro Bridge Pl.az.\ St.\tion, Manh.\tt.\n Long Island City IN TEN MINUTES RUNNING TIME Map of Dual Subway System Adopted by the Public Service Commisaion of the First District and the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, March 19, 1913. Lines of Interborough Subway System . Red Lines of Interborough Elevated System . Purple Lines of Brooklyn Rapid Transit System Green Queens Borough receives greaterv benefits from the Dual , Subwa5' System than any other Borough ,of New York City, for the subway trains of both the interborough and the Brooklyn Rapid' Transit and the Second Avenue Elevated trains of the Interborough all operate over the Astoria anci Corona extensions, giving these sections a single fare over all the rapid transit lines ^i.-.i-fl'""' in Greater New York. Neither the Bronx, Brooklyn, or Man- hattan north of 59th Street, have the benefit of all three divisions of transit; as the Brooklyn Rapid Transit line does not extend north of 59th Street, Manhattan; and the Interborough Elevated lines do not reach Brooklyn. Residents of Jamaica, Richmond Hill, and Woodhaven, are able to travel for a single fare through Brooklyn and northward in Manhattan to 59th Street. The figures in small circles in Queens Borough along the Astoria and Corona extensions, and also in Manhattan and the Bronx, give the time in minutes for the Interborough express trains from Grand Central Station to reach stations on the rapid transit lines. The time to the stations in the Bronx is figured for trains operating from Grand Central Station over the new L,exing-, ton Avenue subway. \ The figures in small circles in Brooklyn and on the Jamaica Avenue extension, the Liberty Avenue extension, and the Lutheran Cemetery extension in Queens Borough, give the running time of Brooklyn Rapid Transit trains from Park Row or Chambers Street. The Fulton Street line time is over the Brooklyn Bridge, and that of the Lutheran Cemetery and the Jamaica Avenue and Liberty Avenue lines over the Williamsburg Bridge via Broadway. WK CERTIFY Ihnt this map is n correct represent.Ttioii of Grcnter New York, and that the Rapid Transit Lines shown, are accordiniz to the Dual Subway Phtn approved and contracted for by the Public Service Commission, and compiled from data receivc-d from the Interborouirh and Brooklyn Rapid Transit Systems. Copyrieht 192(i. Raxd McNali.v & Co. 3 M^Bs //^^fl^Jy:'i^r7^^'' Durha lt>. Sto. m RAND. ' ISJ^ND "'^^^ „ r«'/ .^"3 -v/ WARDS ISLANC ■*=! Vf*- 7l> HON/ >// 'rHf <•// /weeUateFen J' A/ ■^ Mm ^'f\ A«s ^J^ Tsrn ^1 #?i -^/ffl /oJ ■5 Ji/sr ^fp/ Mir ' fv/ ISUNC 'err ■A 1 SIT f^k^o ^ if}/' 'pstr- "tiKriMNiVR ,/&. ^1^ flfiH Jt«' ■-'% '"^ ?;^)?^ t<^. !a^ k?5^ ^-K >>i ID <^ v.." _fiquerment FtJ'ru UtEillM/d' Ut£ilii/d. V^^ jSlanlo cotuMBuyv / / / ■>> '-'^ i? °fa O JT^ N U S' '\ BAY ISLAND C^ / \0 AjRIKERS «tll '^ 'PLANi ^BERRIA^N ^ San fords Pt Bowery /:sn*7'* ^p/fH :^vr==!_<<;er Wp-h^^ s a ^ "icSusl. Cryitri \ ^Vhileitoue I Pt, LittU Bay KO.L /tiasa l\ °\ il al tf*! °o\ iS fi fcl JJSL-WW<-'ft^Sl iliLSU^*W5?n"! iiVR^rKr^^' «■ \^- ■E H lUjiasy ll/B 1 xfjSrw,-t<5* V sIk! «^ R©*D '<^ V t Q22i^i \"\r ■°i>K/Lio„ & Vv Lvlp j_ T\V iiir' r; :Vv '\ ^"^y ^ \^\ ^ -^W .-■/' r-tlX^XL iy--o\oj >■%>-« 'oVU Q c E B/f c T Aqu^UClV 8 1; ,T y Queens Borough Facts (Compiled by the Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens) Area — 117 square miles — 37^ of New York City. Assessed Valuation— $650,000,000 in 1920. Banks — S^-hapking offices with total resources of $750,000,000. Beaches — 10 miles ''«£..magnificent beaches on the Atlantic Ocean. "^--Si-, Buildings— Plans filed 1919 for $50"r6QQ-,000; Greater than every city in the United States except Chicago', Philadelphia, and Detroit. -'•— ^^j Factories — 2000 industrial establishments in 1920, employing 75,000 men and women with annual products valued at ■ $250,000,000. Parks — 20 parks with over 1,000 acres. Population — 500,000 in 1920. Estimated population of 1,250,000 in 1930; 2,075,000 in 1940; 3,000,000 in 1950. Railroads — 71 miles of Long Island Railroad tracks aggregat- ing 174 miles of single tracks, most of which is electrified. Rapid Transit — 50 miles of single track on five extensions from Manhattan and Brooklyn. Trolley Lines — 225 miles of trolley tracks. Waterfront — 219 miles of waterfront (measured around piers and natural short line) on Newton Creek, East River, Flushing Bay, Flushing Creek, Jamaica Bay and Atlantic Ocean. Queens, the Borough of Magnificent Opportunities Queens, the Fastest Growing Borough of New York City New York City 67 shows that in point of time the greater portion of Queens Borough is nearer to the center of Manhattan than either the Boroughs of Brooklyn or the Bronx. The Dual Stibway System adopted by the Board of Estimate and the Public Service Commission on March 19, 1913, comprises not only the 296 miles of track, which then existed, on the elevated and subway lines of the Interborough Rapid Transit and the Brooklyn Rapid Transit, but 324 miles of new construc- tion, or a total of 620 miles of single track. The cost of the entire system, old and new, was more than $600,000,000. All of this gigantic system of rapid transit is at the disposal of the Queens Bor- ough residents for a single fare. The transportation of passengers in New York is being revolutionized by these new lines in Manhattan, and other boroughs, with the extensions eastward into Queens Borough. GREAT BENEFIT TO QUEENS Today the majority of the residents of Queens are able to travel between their homes and places of business in the various boroughs of the city, conven- iently, rapidly and at a single fare. It is almost impossible to exaggerate the efifect of this improvement on the future development of Queens Borough. When the original subwav was opened in Alanhattan in 1904 passengers were enabled to travel in through trains from the Battery to Washington Heights, or points in the Bronx — distances of from 10 to 17 miles — for a single fare. This resulted in' the construction of thou- sands of new apartment buildings, and the establishment of thousands of new homes, as well as a remarkable increase in the realty values in these districts, which had been largely undeveloped land previous to the operation of rapid transit lines into them. But right across the East River, only a mile or two from the most congested sections of Manhattan. Queens was at that time with- out adequate transit facilties and had no connections whatever with the rapid transit lines of the city. Its only rail connection was by troUev cars, requiring in most cases an additional fare and one or more changes in cars to reach the desired destinations in the business and shopping centers ; or, by the trains of the Long Island Railroad with their higher rates of fare. The progress of Queens Borough, prior to 1915-1917, when the new rapid transit extensions were placed into operation, was remarkable despite the lack of cheaper transit facilities. What it will be in the next ten to twenty years with transit facilities equal, and, in many cases superior, to every other section of New York City, will surprise even the most confident. These new rapid transit extensions are now serving as an outlet for the congested population of Manhattan. Brooklyn and the Bronx into the thousands of acres of undeveloped land in all parts of Queens Borough. They will make cheaper homes, with more light and air, accessible to the millions of employees and residents in other parts of the city. 68 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Oueexs The Massive Concrete Structure in the Center of Queens Boulevard, Looking Towards the Bridge Plaza. Another Viewt of the Corona "L" Looking East, Showing the Enormous Undeveloped Territory, only 3 to 4 Miles from the Heart of Manhattan, Available for the Construction of Homes. New York City 69 EXTENSIONS INTO QUEENS BOROUGH The following tabulation gives a list of the extensions from Manhattan and Brooklyn into the various sections of the Borough of Queens, all of which are today in operation. For the purpose of clearness these lines are divided into groups, viz : "Group A." — Extensions into the First and Second Wards from Manhat- tan connecting with the Transfer Station on the Bridge Plaza, Long Island City. "Group B." — Extensions into the Second and Fourth Wards from Brook- lyn. GROUP A Elevated 7.60 Rlevated 0.89 Coiistnfclion Qiieensboro Subway from Grand Cen- tral Station to Long Island City. Mibway Extension of Queensboro Subway to Queensboro Bridge Plaza. Long Island City. Astoria Line from Bridge Plaza northerly throu.gh Second .Avenue to Ditmars Avenue. \\'oodside and Corona Extension easterly from Bridge Plaza over Queens Boulevard. Greenpoint Ave- nue and Roosevelt Avenue to Elm- hurst and Corona. Extension of Second Avenue "L," Manhattan, across Queensboro Bridge to Long Island City. Rroadway-59th Street Line from 7th .Avenue under East River to Long Island City. Type of Miles A'o. of Tracks B\ Operation I. R. T. Elevated Elevated Subwav 4.48 1.64 2.23 GROUP B Myrtle Avenue Extension to Luth- eran Cemetery, Ridgewood. Elevated l.oo Extension from City Line, Brooklyn over Liberty Avenue, to Lefferts .•\venue, Richmond Hill. Elevated 2.16 Extension from Cypress Hills, Brook- lyn, over Jamaica Avenue to Grand Street, Jamaica. Elevated 4.44 I. R. T. I. R. T. B. R. T. R. T. R. T. I. R. T. B. R. T. B. R. T. B. R.T. Date June 22, 1915 Nov. 5, 1916 Feb. I. 1917 • 1920 April 21, 1917 IQ20 July 23. 1917 June 1920 Feb. 22, 191 5 Sept. 25. 1915 B. R. T. Mav 28, 1917 (Richmond Hill) July 3, 1918 (Jamaica) RAPID TRANSIT CENTERS There are today three important rapid transit centers in Queens Borough as follows : — 1. BRIDGE PLAZA, LONG ISLAND CITY. From this point, which is not only the most important rapid transit center in Queens Borough, but one of the most important in the entire city, rapid transit lines radiate in all directions. (a) To the north, a three track elevated line through Jackson Avenue to Second Avenue and Ditmars Avenue, Astoria. 70 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens (b) To the east, across Diagonal Street and the Sunnyside Yards to Queens Boulevard, thence over the concrete structure to Greenpoint Avenue, where the steel structure begins and extends to Woodside, Winfield, Jackson Heights, Elmhurst and Corona. This line will later be extended to Flushing and other sections of the Third Ward. (c) To the south, the Queensboro Subway to the Grand Central Station, Man- hattan, which will be extended to Times Square, enabling passengers to transfer without an extra fare to the through north and south lines, oper- ated by the Interborough on the east and west sides of Manhattan, into Brooklyn and the Bronx. (d) To the west, the 60th Street tunnel of the B. R. T. under the East River, connecting with the Broadway-59th Street Line ; and the Second Avenue "L" of the Interborough Rapid Transit, across the upper level of the Queensboro Bridge operated to Park Row. 2. JAMAICA. While the entire Fourth Ward receives great benefits from the elevated extensions operated by the Brooklyn Rapid Transits through Woodhaven, Ozone Park, Morris Park and Richmond Hill, Jamaica has become a greater transit center than ever. It is not only the railroad cen- ter of Long Island, but is also a great trolley center. Joint Transfer St.\tion at Woodside Ni:\v YoKK City 71 3. JrOODSIDE. At the intersection of Roosevelt Avenue, Woodside and the six tracks of the Long Island Railroad there has been constructed and placed in operation a joint transfer station that is of the utmost importance to all sections of Queens served by the North Shore Division, Main Line, and the Rockaway Division of the Long Island Railroad. Passengers using these divisions ai'e able to transfer conveniently at this point to and from the Corona "L" operated by the Queensboro Subway and Second Avenue "L" trains of the I. R. T. and the Broadway-59th Street Line of the B. R. T. In other words, all Long Island Railroad passengers have at their disposal at this point, the whole of the city's comprehensive transit system for a single fare. The elevated railroad tracks and platforms are on the highest level and the Long Island Railroad tracks and platforms are on the lowest level. Between these two levels a mezzanine floor facilitates the inter- change of passengers. QUEENSBORO SUBWAY On June 22, 1915, the operation of train service began in the Queensboro Subway between Lexington Avenue, Manhattan, and Jackson Avenue, Long Island City. This was the first rapid transit service directly connecting the two boroughs, and an event which marked a new epoch in the history of Queens and the commercial relations of the two sections of the city so near to each other but separated by the East River. Although this tunnel, which had formerly been known as the "Steinway Tunnel" and "Belmont Tube" was completed in October 1907, suits in the Court to test the legality of the franchise prevented its being operated, thus deny- ing Queens Borough the advantage of this service for almost eight years. In the meantime, the Interborough Subway trains were operated ten miles north- ward to points in the Bronx and Manhattan giving the resident of Westchester County greater advantages from the subway system of New York than enjoyed by any section of Queens Borough itself. The operation of the Queensboro Subway was extended Feb. 15th 1916 to the Hunterspoint Avenue Station, and on November 5th 1916. to Court Square (11th Street) and to the Bridge Plaza Station. The growth of trafific on this line can be shown by the increase in ticket sales for the corresponding months of the past five years. TICKET SALES Station Jackson Avenue Hunterspoint .\venue Court Square (nth St.) Total 102,250 234,010 266,-30 345,790 530,310 July 1915 /»/.r 1916 /»/v 191; /i(/v 1918 Jan. 1920 102,250 207,230 178,440 2i8,;oo 371.510 — 26,-80 31,090 53.400 54.540 — — 57.200 73.600 104,260 72 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens CHRONOLOGY OF QUEENSBORO SUBWAY 1887— N. Y. and L. I. R. R. Co. organized to build tunnel, with William Steinway as leading spirit. May 1892 — Construction began in Long Island City. 1903 — Belmont Syndicate acquires tunnel franchise for $80,000. January 16, igo6— Mayor McClellan orders probe of franchise validity. October 29, 1906 — Work begun on extension of tunnel to Van Alst Avenue. January 1907 — Supreme Court upholds validity of franchise. February 6, 1907 — City begins annulment proceedings. May 4, 1907 — Property owners' injunction dissolved. May 16, 1907 — North tube cleared. July 31, 1907 — Public Service Commission starts validity probe. August 8, 1907 — South tube cleared. September 24, 1907 — First official trip of inspection. November 14, 1907 — Queens residents demand operation of tunnel. November 22, 1907 — Appellate Division upholds franchise. December 10, 1907 — Justice Davis decides against franchise. March 6, 1909 — Appellate Division settles all points of controversy in favor of tunnel company. June 14, 1910 — Governor Hughes signs bill permitting franchise to go to Interboro. September 27, 1910 — Interboro offers to turn tunnel over to city. November 18, 1910 — City officials inspect tunnel. January 2, 1912 — State begins suit. March 19, 1913 — Dual subway contracts signed, assuring operation of tunnel as a part of the Dual Rapid Transit system. April 3, 1914 — Interboro delivers assignment of tunnel rights to city. April 13, 1914 — Reconstruction contract awarded. June 16 1915 — Name of tunnel is changed to "Queensboro Subway," at re- quest of Queensboro Chamber of Commerce. June 22, 1915 — Tunnel is formally opened for operation. EXTENSION TO TIMES SQUARE The Dual Subway Contracts provide for the construction of an extension of the Queensboro Stibway westward from its present terminus at Grand Central Station to Times Square. The delay in starting this work has been due first, to the impossibihty, from an engineering standpoint, to begin the construction work until the Diagonal Station at 42nd Street, connecting the Park Avenue and Lex- ington Aventie Subways, was completed. This was placed in operation in August 1918. Since that time new ideas have been advanced for this extension, which, if adopted, will be a big improvement over the original plan. The original plan would have simply continued the present subway under 42nd Street to a point between Sixth Avenue and Broadway where all pas- sengers, transferring to the north and south subway on the West side, would be compelled to walk an average distance of 750 feet, or nearly four city blocks. Both new plans which have been suggested propose deflecting the line under Bryant Park to 41st Street where it could be constructed (a) to a point directly under the middle of the Seventh Avenue station plat- forms of the Interborough at Times Square, thus requiring only a short walk up one flight of stairs to reach the express and local trains operating on the west side of Manhattan ; or (b) so that direct connection with the local tracks of the Seventh Avenue Sub- way could be made for through operation between lower Manhattan and the extensions in Queens to Astoria and Corona. New York City Th The latter plan is not only practical from an engineering and operating standpoint but entirely feasible in every way. The only objection which has been made to it is the fact that it would decrease the number of local trains, operating on the west side line, north of 42nd Street. As it is understood that the local west side tracks are being used to only 66% of their capacity, it would be possible to add the Queensboro subway trains south of 42nd Street without cutting down the service north of Times Square. BRIDGE PLAZA STATION On October 7th, 1913 contract was delivered to Snare & Triest, amount $884,859 for the construction of the Bridge Plaza Station, .\dditional work brought the cost to over $1,000,000. The operation to the station started Novem- ber 6, 1916. The Bridge Plaza Station is 480 feet long with two levels, each having four tracks, or eight tracks in all. The four tracks on the lower level of the station are for trains to Manhattan, while the four tracks on the upper level arc for trains to Astoria, Corona, and Brooklyn. The north platforms, and two tracks on both levels, are for B. R. T. trains operated through the 60th Street Tunnel ; while the south platforms, and two tracks on each level, are for the Queensboro Subway and Second Avenue "L" trains of the Interborough. The station has entrances on the Bridge Plaza at Crescent Street and Pros- pect Street. The entrances lead to a mezzanine floor and above are two levels, all trains on the same level going in the same general direction. The running time from this station through the Queensboro .Subwav to the Grand Central Station is approximately ten minutes, and over the Second Avenue "L" to Park Row twenty-five minutes. The growth in traffic is shown by the increase in the number of tickets sold as follows : — Date Number of Tickets Sold January 1917 127.000 January 1918 209.300 January 1920 219,500 ASTORIA EXTENSION On March 11, 1913, contract was delivered to Cooper & Evans, amount $860,743. for the construction of the Astoria Extension. Although the work was completed by January 1915, this extension remained idle until Eebruarv 1917 awaiting the completion of the Bridge Plaza Station and the extension of the Queensboro Subway. The terminus of this line at Ditmars Avenue is less than four miles in a straight line from Grand Central Station, a distance less than that to 125th Street. Manhattan, or to the Batterv. 74 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Oueexs The operation of the Astoria Extension was an important step in the re- making of New York City, connecting as it does, the most congested and least developed portions of the city.. These two boroughs of the city, practically within sight of each other, but with the East River between them, were separated almost as much by the fact that in money it cost twice as much, and in time three or four times as much, to pass from one section to another, as between other sections of the city. By the opening of this line, the fare was halved and the time quartered to and from a section both ripe for development and less developed than any other. Two months after this line was placed in operation the United States en- tered the European War and shortly thereafter the restrictions placed upon all new building construction made impossible for this section to capitalize this great asset. Had the line been placed in operation when it was completed in 1914 or 1915, hundreds of new apartments would have been completed before the United States entered the war. Now, in 1920, three years after operation started, this community is beginning to realize the immense advantages of its excellent transit facilities and is rapidly being developed with up-to-date apartment houses, which will offer those who live there superior living accommodations. The growth of the passenger traffic is indicated by the ticket sales at the 6 stations on this line shown bv the following table. Tic ket Sales Station Feb. 1917 Feb. 1918 Feb. 1919 Jan. IQJO Beebe Ave. 58,500 53.900 45,000 67.000 Washington Ave. 30,000 42.780 53,400 73,700 Broadwav 67.740 108,600 130,100 156,200 Grand Avenue 65,620 96,300 131,600 164,400 Hoyt Avenue 53.900 88,700 107,000 131,200 Ditmars Avenue 30.358 55,220 68,700 77.500 Total 306,118 445.500 535,800 670,000 Station at Broadway and Second Avenue New York Citv 75 CORONA EXTENSION The contract for the construction of the extension to Woodside, Winfield, Elmhurst, Jackson Heights, and Corona, was delivered on March 11, 1913 to the E. E. Smith Contracting Company, amount $2,063,588. On April 21, 1917 service was inaugurated through the Queensboro Subway at Grand Central Station, Manhattan, to the terminus of this line at Alburtis Avenue, Corona. This three track line, nearly five miles in length, extends through a territory in the First and Second Wards of Queens, which today is but partially developed with detached dwellings and large modern apartment houses. The farthest point on this line is only six and one-half miles from Grand Central Station, or the same distance as the subway station in the Bronx at 149th Street. The vast area served by this route is unequalled anywhere in New York City for the construction of apartment houses. Nowhere else in the citv can there be found broad undeveloped acres within so short a distance of the heart of Manhattan. The Corona "L" as well as the Astoria "L" are the only two rapid transit extensions in New York City, which are operated by both subway and elevated trains of the I. R. T. and subway trains of the B. R. T. This dual operation gives advantages to the communities served by these routes, which are not en- joyed by any other section of the city ; in short, the Corona and Astoria exten- sions hold a unique place in the transportation system of New York Citv. New York City, at last, can avail itself of its largest borough, with all the advantages which it affords for better living facilities. A great and sparsely settled section is now within the single fare zone and the growth of passenger traffic on this line as shown by the following table of ticket sales at the eleven stations, is convincing proof that the people prefer going out into the open to going up in the air for living quarters and it gives a foretaste of the far-reaching adjustments of the residence sections of New York which these new extensions into Queens are bringing about. Ticket Sales Stations .1/(7.V IQI- May 1018 Jan. 1919 Jan. 1920 Rawson Street 1.3.560 .13.940 41.600 49.400 Lowery Street 1,691 4.045 4.140 5.280 Bliss Street 18,300 34,680 21,200 19,340 Lincoln Avenue 13.050 21.630 1 7.000 18,160 Woodside 42.100 -2.840 65,600 82.260 Fiske .\ve. 23.050 35.4.50 36.000 45.560 Broadway ^^.Q'^'o 16,450 18.800 24.020 25th Street 35.2S0 52.-40 55.260 66.400 Elmhurst Avenue 31.000 48,000 53.200 59,400 Junction Avenue 52.-40 71.300 76,260 92.765 Alburtis .\venue 118.100 162.100 172.300 223.600 Total 362.851 554.975 562.260 640.625 76 Chamber of Commerce ok the Borocgh of Queens This is NOT the elevated extension to Corona, Astoria, or South Richmond Hill. It is a photograph taken in 1879 looking north from 89th St. and Columbus Ave., Manhattan. The view below was taken at the same spot ten years later, or in 1889. The same remarkable development is bound to follow in Queens along the new rapid transit extensions. Courtesy Interborough Rapid Transit Co. New York City 77 EXTENSION TO FLUSHING On April 22, 1913, the Public Service Commission adopted the "Flushing- Eayside Route." It was approved by the Board of Estimate on June 12, 1913 and the necessary property owners consents obtained to complete its legalization. In 1915 the Long Island Railroad, realizing the competition which this line •when completed and ojjerated, would give the North Shore Division, which it ■closely parallels, offered to lease its tracks from Corona through Flushing, to the Nassau County Line at Little Neck, and to College Point and Whitestone. The accompaning illustration shows clearly what a large proportion of the Tin'rd Ward of the Borough of Queens would have been bcnel'itted had this plan been consummated. Proposed Extension of Rapid Tr.\nsit from Corox.^, through Flushing, TO Little Neck and Whitestone, using tracks of Long Island Railroad. Failure on the part of the city, the Public Service Commission, and the Rail- road Company to agree on terms ; the unwillingness indicated by the I. R. T. and B. R. T. to operate their trains over the tracks if leased; and the placing of the Railroad under Federal control in 1918, all combined to prevent the accom- ■plishment of this great improvement for the transportation of the residents of the Third Ward to and from Manhattan. Two miles distant from the present terminus of the Corona "L" is the attractive and populous residential section of Flushing, all of whose residents must now pay two fares in order to use the rapid transit lines of the city. In view of the fact that the I. R. T. and P.. R. T. require immediatelv ade- quate storage yards and car repair shops, along the Corona "L" and the most advantageous location for these yards and shops is on the Flushing Meadows, about half way between the present terminus of the line and Flushing (Main Street), it is believed that when the line is extended it will be built the entire •distance to Flushing. While this will not serve directly all of the residents of the Third Ward, it is a big step forward and the extension to this point should be built without delay. 78 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough or Queens LUTHERAN CEMETERY EXTENSION The first extension from Brooklyn into Queens Borough was the "Lutheran Cemetery Extension," a continuation of the Myrtle Avenue Line in Brooklyn, for a distance of one mile into the Ridgewood section of Queens Borough. The contract for the construction and elevation of this two track road was delivered on February 27th, 1914 to F. W. Burnham, cost $500,000. The line was placed in operation February 22, 1915. The operation of this road enables the residents of the densely populated Ridgewood section of Queens Borough to reach, for a single fare, all sections of Brooklyn and Manhattan served by the B. R. T. The passenger traffic on this extension is shown by the following table of ticket sales at the 4 stations in Queens Borough : — Stations March 1915 Seneca Avenue 122,928 Forest Avenue 170,262 Fresh Pond Road 94.648 Metropolitan Avenue 25,554 March 1917 Jan. 1920 122,583 158,507 170,757 226,316 123,810 253.316 27,772 61,131 Total 699,924 4I3..3Q2 444.922 LIBERTY AVENUE EXTENSION The second rapid transit extension from Brooklyn into Queens was the operation of the Liberty Avenue "L" from the "City Line" (Brooklyn), to Lef- ferts Avenue, Richmond Hill, a distance of over two miles of two track road, serving the important communities of Woodhaven, Ozone Park, Morris Park, and South Richmond Hill. The Oi'EKATiox of the Lidektv Avenue Ei.evatf.d. which ca.x be sek.x ix the Background, Resulted in the Construction of Hundreds OF these Multiple Family Dwellings. New York City 79 The contract for tlie construction of this Hne was delivered on February 9, 1914 to the Phoenix Bridge Company, amount $707,661. Tlirough operation to the terminus of this line began September 25th 1915. In this section of the Borough there have been erected since the completion and operation of the line more single family and multiple family dwellings of moderate cost than in any other section in the city. Block after block of homes have been erected and sold, in many instances, before the foimdations were com- pleted. This rapid transit line serves a vast area south of the Atlantic Division of the Long Island Railroad. The actual running time from Park Row to the Terminus of this line is less than that required to reach Washington Heights on the subway. The passenger traffic on the six stations in Queens Borough on this exten- sion is as follows : — Ticket Sales Jan. 1916 Jan. 1918 Jan. 1920 6,T20 6,423 8,291 17.557 20,018 27,358 28,185 27,368 30,290 12,955 16,861 21,353 II.4S2 16,076 31,155 4i>76o 49-357 57o6s Stations Hudson Street Boyd Avenue Rockaway Boulevard Oxford Avenue Greenwood Avenue Lefferts Avenue Total 118,029 136,103 JAMAICA AVENUE EXTENSION 186,002 The third rapid transit line from Brooklyn into Queens operated bv the B. R. T. was the Jamaica Avenue "L," an extension 4^ miles in length from Cypress Hills, Brooklyn, to Grand Street, Jamaica. Operation to Greenwood Avenue, Richmond Hill started Mav 28, 1911 and to the terminus in Jamaica on July 3, 1918. Jamaica Avenue "L" Looking West 80 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens The contract for the first section was awarded to Post & McCord, amount $724,340; for the second section to Conners Brothers, amount $726,168; for the stations to P. J. Carhn Construction Company, amount $280.700 ; or a total .cost of $1,731,208. Jamaica Avenue, over which this railroad is operated, is today almost solidly .built up with stores, tenements and homes the entire distance from the Brooklyn Line to Jamaica, Thousands of new homes are now being built in the territory served by this line, which has today the largest passenger traffic of any of the ■five extensions within the Borough of Queens. The operation of this line, which means so much for the future industrial, commercial and residential growth of Jamaica, Richmond Hill and Woodhavon, marked the consummation of eight and one-half years effort on the part of the former Fourth Ward Transit Committee which was organized in 1910, and the Queensboro Chamber of Commerce, which was organized in 1911. Passengers can travel for a single fare the entire distance from Jamaica, through Brook- lyn, to downtown Manhattan and northward on the Broadway-59th Street Subway to Long Island City and over the extensions to Astoria and Corona. The growth of traffic on this route as shown by the ticket sales has been as follows : — Ticket Sales Stations August 1917 August 1918 Ian. 1920 Elderts Lane U.440 54,527 55.271 Forest Parkway 83.472 94.437 122,349 Woodhaven Avenue .. 69,659 71,479 95,100 Freedom Ave. (102nd St.) 49.547 63.237 80,072 Greenwood Ave. (iiith St.) 67,068 63.643 84,603 Spruce St. (121st St.) — 31,775 41.547 Metropolitan Avenue — 11.046 15.709 ■Queens Boulevard — 20,383 24.303 Sutphin Road — 46.348 37.245 Newark Ave. ( i6oth St.) — 99.456 102,444 Cliffside Ave. (i68th St.) — 79,051 51.348 Total 314.186 635,362 710,081 M.\ix Street, Flushing New York City 81 SIXTIETH STREET TUNNEL The Dual Subway contracts provided for the operation of both tlic Second Avenue "L" trains of the Interborough and the Broad\vay-59th Street subway trains of the B. R. T. across the Queensboro Bridge to connect with the transfer station at the Bridge Plaza, Long Island City. When it was realized that the proposed arrangement for carrying the B. R. T. trains across the Bridge on the vehicular roadway would have resulted in a serious reduction of the present width of 52 feet, every effort was made to have the plan changed so as to leave the roadway undisturbed, and still retain both new lines of transit. B B T MONTHLY B r MOHIHLV 60'^ STREET -EAST Rli^ER TUNNEL The Degnon Contracting Company presented a plan in December 1914 to the Board of Estimate for the building of two tunnels under the East River at 60th Street for the operation of the B. R. T. subway trains. The advantages of this plan for leaving the roadway intact, for avoiding anj' change for rearrange- ment of the present lines in Queens and for the early operation of both the Queensboro subway and the 2nd Avenue elevated trains, were so great that the Board of Estimate on February 19, 1915 officially approved the tunnel method of bringing the B. R. T. cars to Queens and requested the Public Service Commission to present a bill to the legislature authorizing the tunnel. The contract for the construction of the tunnel was awarded August 3. 1916, to Patrick McGovern & Co., for $4,194, 797. The work was started September 12. 1916 when the shaft was sunk at Vernon Avenue on the Queens Borough side. The tunnel was "holed through" on October 15, 1918, and the time since has been devoted to lining the tunnel with concrete, installation of ties, running tracks, third rail, cable and signal equipment. The two tubes are 18 feet in diameter, w-ith a total length of 16,176 feet, or approximately 3 miles. The distance from the Bridge Plaza station to the portal is 2700 feet or approximately I/2 mile and from that point to the west side of Vernon Avenue, the construction was the "cut and cover" type. At one point the tube is 125 feet below water level. This is in the center of the West channel. As many as 1.000 men worked on the job at one time. The contract for the track installation was awarded to Thomas Crimmins Contracting Company for $94,973, on June 11, 1919. 82 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens CROSSTOWN ROUTE In 1912 when the various routes to be inckided in the Dual Subway contracts were being considered by the Public Service Commission and the Board of Esti- mate, the Queens Chamber of Commerce urged the construction of the Crosstown Route which would provide a through north and south rapid transit line connecting Queens with Brooklyn without the necessity, as at present, of crossing and re- crossing the East River to travel to and from these boroughs, via the rapid transit system. Opposition developed, however, against the construction of the line as origin- ally planned. This opposition had its inception in the antagonism of the property owners in the Franklin Avenue section of Brooklyn, who objected to the con- struction of an elevated railroad in front of their premises, and this opposition extended to other sections of the suggested route, finally preventing it from being included in the Dual Subway contracts signed in March 1913. Brooklyn more than Queens has suffered from this lack of foresight and attempts have been made since by the Brooklyn business interests to revive the matter. The determination as to whether the route, when constructed, shall be subway or elevated in Brooklyn is a matter involving financial considerations and local residential pride. The route after it crosses Newtown Creek naturally must become elevated in Queens to connect with the Bridge Plaza Station. All interests in all sections of both Queens and Brooklyn should work together now to secure the adoption of a definite policy for the form of construction and financing the cost of the north and south line between the two boroughs, which is an essential feature in any proper solution of the transportation problems of New York City. The benefits of such a line are too great to long delay its construction. It would make available the great labor supply in Brooklyn for the hundreds of industrial plants in Queens ; give the residents of both boroughs improved and increased facilities ; and decrease the distance, cost and time of travel between these two great boroughs. DUAL OPERATION OF THE ASTORIA AND CORONA EXTENSIONS The difference in the width of the cars operated by the Interboro and the Brooklyn Rapid Transit has caused the delay in the extension of the service from the Bridge Plaza over the extensions to Astoria and Corona. The station plat- forms, location of tracks and third rail on these extensions when built were con- structed for the operation of the nine foot wide cars of the subway and elevated trains of the Interboro. In order that the ten foot wide cars of the R. R. T. mav operate through these stations, a strip from the station platform must be re- moved so as to provide sufficient clearance. Other structural changes are also required. Niiw YnuK Cn-y 83 On the rapid transit map. issued as a supplement to this book, the proposed "Crosstown Route" is shown by a dotted green line extending southward from Bridge Plaza Station in Long Island City over Vernon Avenue and across New- town Creek, through the Cireen]X)int. Williamsburg and P.edford sections of P)rooklyn and joining with the Fulton Street Elevated Line at I'ranklin Avenue where the Pirighton Peach Line ojierates southward ihrfiugh Flatbush and Sheeps- head l>ay to Coney Island. 84 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens THE PART PLAYED BY THE QUEENSBORO CHAMBER OF COMMERCE This chapter would not be complete without a statement regarding the part which the Queensboro Chamber of Commerce took in bringing about the con- struction and operation of the five extensions, with their fifty miles of single track in Queens Borough, carrying today more than 150,000 passengers daily. tuttn UmIitvI Extensions which the Interborongh of- fered to build in Manhattan, Brookljn and the Bronx. Proposed "Triborongh System" for which plans were prepared by the original Public Service Commission, 1907-1910. New York City 85 The Queensboro Chamber of Coiiiinerce, move than any one other single agency, may be credited for this great accomphshmcnt which has made the Borough today a real integral part of New York City. The two maps, which are herewith reproduced from an article published in the "Outlook" in July, 1910. show what consideration was being given at that time by the operating companies and city ofificials to the need of Queens Borough for direct connection with the rapid transit system of the City. Although new lines were being projected 10 to 15 miles northward in the Bronx and an equal distance southward in Brooklyn, nothing was planned for Queens Borough, only a mile or two across the East River from the center of the City. The late Mayor Gaynor termed as "cornfield routes" the lines which Queens asked to have constructed. Today these "cornfield routes" are producing the greatest crop of factories and homes that have ever been produced in any section of New York City. It was not until the Queensboro Chamber of Commerce was organized in 1911 that any recognition was secured from the city officials and operating com- panies. The rapid transit extensions into Queens described in this chapter were mcluded in the Dual Subway Contracts as a result of the organized, continuous and persistent efforts on the part of the business men of Queens Borough work- ing through the Queensboro Chamber of Commerce. Compare the two maps shown on the opposite page with the Rapid Transit Map. printed in colors between pages 66 and 67. and you will appreciate what far-reaching effects this great accomplishment will have on the future develop- ment of Queens Borough and New York City. GROWTH IN PASSENGER TRAFFIC The increase in the number of passengers carried on all the rapid transit exten.sions ,n Queens Borough is shown by the following tabulation of ticket JanvLrri92o'-'"°"'^' ^''°'" "'' '""' ''''' "'' ^"'' ''"' "'' °^^"^^ '" ^^^^ to '^''''™ TICKET SALES March ,91. S ^,^^^^ '' ^_^- Tola! July 1915 ' 413,392 Oct. .9.5 S--0 '°'''^° ^'-99 n i 5^3./ 39 170.780 -^,-,n Feb. 1917 .,.L. ^^''°-4 i.>59,73- July 1917 Q,, -o, '.-'0.031 1,905.71:^ Sept. .9.8 ,,t. •: •-•'■3° -^046..33 Jan. 19.0 '-/'.14- 1.588.415 2.866.;,7 '.596.007 .,,,,.88. 3,83.889 86 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens INDUSTRIES QUEENS BOROUGH AS A MANUFACTURING CENTER That industry is the basis upon which all community growth and prosperity largely depends is best proven by the figures compiled by the United States Government, of the manufacturing plants and the ntunber of industrial employees in New York city, which show that one out of every seven persons is so employed, and therefore one out of every three persons in the city is supported by such employment. The importance of the industrial development of Queens Borough, — past, present and future, — and its relation to the residential, commercial and financial development of the Borough, requires no further comment. ZONING LAW The best evidence that Queens Borough is destined to become the greatest manufacturing center in the East is the large proportion of its vast area which has been set aside for this purpose. In 1916, when every street in the entire city was laid out as either (a) unrestricted, (b) business, or (c) residential, 22,000 acres of Queens Borough's 75,000 acres were placed in the unrestricted zone. This means that 34 square miles — an area within five square miles of being as large as the entire Borough of the Bronx — has been set aside for the present and future industrial development. While this area is only 30 percent of the total area of Queens, it is 50 percent larger than the entire area of Man- hattan Island. Were this industrial area to be lifted entirely out of the Borough, there would still remain 53,000 acres for residential and commercial purposes, or, an area greater than that of the Borough of Brooklyn. This presents in a striking manner the vast extent of the industrial possibilities of Queens Borough. Furthermore, these building restrictions were placed upon the city at a time which gave Queens every advantage for controlling, in a definite and as- sured manner, the harmonious development of the entire Borough, ^\'here fac- tories and homes have been built alongside of each other in the more highly developed parts of the city, resulting often in the deterioration of residential com- munities, this condition cannot arise in the future in Queens Borough. Factories will be grouped by themselves in definite areas, set aside for that purpose, while homes will be built in other restricted areas. Queens Borough will not grow in hap- Xiiw Yi)i;k City 87 hazard fashion. Its industrial and residential areas, while sej)arate and distinct, are perfectly coordinated. DEVELOPEMENT PRIOR TO 1909 It is an interesting fact that even in 1909. prior to the construction of the Queensboro Bridge, and prior to the operation of the Pennsylvania — l-oiig Island Railroad tunnels, the New York Coimecting Railroad, and the rapid transit extensions, the Borough of Queens, considered as a city by itself, exceeded every otiier city in the i iiited States except 14 in the annual value of its manufacturing products. The United States Census of 1909 showed that Queens Itorough at that time had 771 factories employing 2,5.891 men and women, and with capital invested amounting to $145,307,000, turned out manufactured product.s for that year valued at $151,180,000. For that same year Queens Borough exceeded every one of 19 separate states of the Union in the value ofl its manufactured products, 18 states in the amount of capital invested in manufacturing, 11 states in the number of factory employees and 10 states in tlie number of manufactur- ing establishments. '=* liiiilliiiM 1 i \ . 5^ iMjW'v'i Million dollar priming and binding plant of tht Mftrojiolitan Life Insnrancc Company, now being erected on Tbomson .\venue. Long Island City. The company will remove from its present location at Madison Avenne and 24th Srect (Metropolitan Bnilding). Manhat- tan. The J. F. Tapley Co., who bound this publication, have leased 100,000 square feet of floor space in this bnilding. 88 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens lariBi in 1 inaiai Looking south from Queensboro Bridge in Long Island City. Xumerous attractive industrial plants, mostly concrete construction, have been erected in this area in the past five years. The nineteen states which Queens exceeded in the value of manufactured products were : — Alabama Idaho Arizona Mississippi Arkansas Montana Colorado Nevada Delaware New Mexico Florida North Dakota Oklahoma That these figures are even more true today is evident from the amazing industrial growth which has taken place in Queens during the past ten years, a o-rowth that has become the talk of New York. Oregon South Carolina South Dakota Utah Vermont ^\^•oming View from Sunnyside Yards looking east. The first glimpse of Queens Borough all Long Island Railroad passengers obtain when emerging from East River tunnels from Pennsylvania Station. Photograph, taken April 1020, shows the concrete pouring towers which have become symbolic of the industrial growth of Queens. New York City 89 Among the factories shown here are the American Chicle Co., Old Reliable Motor Truck Corporation, Rolls-Royce Service Station, Wappler Electric Co., Houpert Machine Co., Repetti, Inc., Perfect Window Regulator Cc. Lauraine Magneto Co. INDUSTRIAL GROWTH 1909—1916 Every live year.s the Bureau of Census of the United States Department of Commerce compiles complete figures regarding manufacturing in each village, city and state in the country. The census figures for 1914 show a remarkable growth in Queens Borough over the previous census of 1909. In the order of their importance, from a percentage standpoint, the increase in the several items was as follows : Salaried Employees 62.7% Salaries SO.S^o Wages 35.0% Wage Earners ,30.7% Capital Invested 29.0% Xumber of Factories 26.6% .•\t llie cxircme li-ii is till' .SiTvice Station of t!ic Packard Motor Car Co. ol New York. Then comes the $500,000 Service, Sales and Export Building of the White Co. (Motor Trucks), the $1,000,000 building of the .-\nicrican Chicle Co., the handsome structure of the American Ever Ready Co., and the huge sunlighted factory of the Loose-Wiles Biscuit Co., where Sunshine Biscuits are made. The last four buildings are all on the property of the Degnon Realty and Terminal Co. 1909 1914 1916 771 975 1,169 27,841 37,201 63,964 $151,488,000 $164,789,000 $323,198,000 $145, .^07,000 $187,990,000 Not obtained $ 18,546.000 $ 25,750,000 $ 46,921,000 90 Chamber ok CoM>tEKCE of the Borough oi-- Queens It must be remembered that 1914 was a year of marked industrial depression due to the beginning of the World War. while 1916 was a year of intense activity. The following table gives the census figures for 1909 and 1914, and also for 1916, when an industrial survey was made by the Oueensboro Chamber of Com- merce. No. of Factories No. of Employees Value of Products Capital Invested Salaries and \\^ages Paid The publication of an analysis of the industrial survey of Queens for 1916 prompted the A'czc York Herald at that time, in an article entitled "Queens Has Notliing So Huge As Its Industries." to state : — "It is the industries that give the city its overflowing population, its million tenements, its thousands of office and mercantile buildings, its beehive factories, its hotels, restaurants, theatres, department stores, and shops, its wealth of gold, its multitude of spenders, its dazzling splen- dors, its world-wide influence ; and that makes necessary its amazing web of transit lines, its coimtlcss automobiles, its great railroad ter- minals, its constantly increasing supply of electric power and the daily extension of its telephone system. "Industry is the key that has unlocked to New York all the tightly- barred doors of the world, and it is through these now wide open doors that the gold of all the world is flowing into the cofTers of the merchants and the pockets of the workers in this, the city of world-w'ide demand and unlimited supply. "Assessed values, estimated at more than half a billion dollars, tell the tale of the effect of industrial enterprise on Queens Borough's realty." The records of the Bureau of Buildings of Queens show that plans were filed during the past ten years for factory construction amounting to $34,507,808, as follows : — ■^'ear Value Year Value iQio $1,408,317 1915 $1,498,305 igl I 2,125,360 1916 2.829,275 191^ 3,318,920 1917 2,103,847 191.1 1,756,642 1018 2,782,332 I9T4 2,815.130 lOIQ 14.199,100 New York City 91 INDUSTRIAL CENSUS OF QUEENSBORO— 1916 Groups of Industries Xo. flaiits METAL WORKING IXDUSTRY 276 Smelters and refineries 2 Foundries (all kinds) 13 Machine shops, machine manufac- facturers and metal specialties.... 81 Sheet metal works 40 Structural steel fabrication and iron works 31 Electric and gas specialties 12 Wire Goods 5 Automobiles and parts 47 .Aeroplanes and parts I Ship and boat building 12 Car Repairing 15 Gas & water works ; pub. service plant 17 WOOD WORKIN'G GROUP 146 Lumber yards and house trim and cabinet shops 70 Furniture 18 Caskets 4 Pianos and musical instruments 13 Cooperage 6 Carriages and wagons 35 TEXTILE IXDUSTRIES 30 Silk goods 18 Carpets and rugs 2 Eh'eing and finishing 9 Cordage i KXIT GOODS 23 Garment and needle industry 160 PAPER AXD PAPER PRODUCTS 10 STOXE AXD STOXE PRODUCTS 109 Cut stone 38 Monumental work 55 Cement products 13 Asphalt products i Plaster products 2 FOOD PRODUCTS, including bakeries, confectionery and dairy products. .139 ARTIFICLAL ICE.' 15 MALT LIQUORS 3 BOTTLXG AXD SOFT DRINKS 3 SUGAR REFIXIXG i AXI M AL PRODUCTS not incl'dg fertilizers 4 LEATHER AXD LEATHER GOODS.. 37 Shoes II Harness and Saddles 17 Other leather goods 9 RUBP.KR IXDUSTRY 10 PE.VRL BUTTOX IXDUSTRY 14 CHEMICALS, DYES, DRUGS AXD PREPARATIOXS 3^ PRIXTIXG AXD PUBLISHIXG 37 OIL REFIXIXG AXD OILS 9 PAIXT. VARXISH AXD IXK 21 CIGAR MAXUFACTURE 39 LAUXDRIES (STEAM) 11 TOY MAXUFACTURE 5 CLAY PRODUCTS 5 GLASS AXD GLASS PRODUCTS 11 MOTIOX PICTURES 10 CELLULOID AXD SHELL 2 B.AG AXD CARPET CLEAXIXG 4 TOT.M 1,169 Xo. Em- Annual Value of ployees Pay Roll Annual Prod. 1,818 1,625,000 108,200,000 -'4.405 $19,906,200 $177,761,000 587 546,600 1,421,000 3.145 2,507,300 8,100,000 5,561 4,392,200 10,917,000 1.3-3 1,289,700 4,348,000 2,3-7 1,262,000 5,822,000 85 36,600 79.000 6,312 5,481,800 37,448,000 70 91,000 150.000 583 483,000 1,275,000 1,573 1,380,000 921 811,000 7,762 6,186,200 20,893,000 3,626 2,225,000 8,798,000 1,539 1,160,800 3,323.000 282 222,500 790,000 2,026 2,073,500 5,975,000 109 177,400 505,000 180 90,000 190,000 2,681 1,778,200 5,225.000 2,327 1,508,600 4,420,000 no 62,500 310,000 184 162,100 395.000 60 45,000 100,000 1,147 638,100 1,724,000 5,209 2,646,900 3,349.500 332 184,300 1,379,000 2,009 2,124.200 7.735.000 1,699 1,872,200 6,597,000 207 174,000 863,000 63 46,000 150,000 25 24.000 100,000 15 8.000 25,000 3,146 1,864,800 13,477,000 233 168.900 741.000 265 275.600 1,100,000 31 15,000 40,000 630 520.000 42,000,000 148 28.200 685,000 3.261 1.486.200 2,574,500 2,728 1 ,0()4,900 1,813,000 65 41.000 76,500 468 35 1. .500 685,000 2,584 1,667,000 2,874,000 573 338,100 1,329.000 2,087 1.693.300 11,699.000 1,423 842.200 3.016,000 I.Q20 1,723.000 11,880.000 688 502.900 6,368,000 1.620 980.000 3,800.000 243 ii4..?oo 234.000 97 60,000 133.000 263 178.250 506,000 686 512.000 1,630,000 156 172.000 645,000 SO 30.200 70,000 31S 195.000 300,000 63,966 $46,921,050 $323,198,000 92 Chamber of Commerce of the BoRorcii of Queens Queens Borough has become the Motion Picture Center of the East. Here are two of the new studios. The $1,000,000 studio of the Famous-Players Lasky Corporation is now being completed. Ground will shortly be broken for the Selznick Studios. Other large motion picture studios are also to be erected. The United States Census of manufacturing for 1919, which is now being compiled, will not be ready for distribution until 1921 at the earliest. While no attempt will be made here to estimate in advance what the figures will be, it is certain that they will show the largest increase for any five year period in the history of Queens Borough. New York City 93 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN 1920 Queens Borough today is without doubt developing more rapidly from an industrial standpoint than any other borough of New York City. It is also one of the fastest growing industrial communities in the United States. Prior to the war the fact that one new substantial industry established in Queens each week was considered a good record. During 1919 this record was doubled, for at least two new industries located each week in Queens during that year. In 1920 and succeeding years a record of one new industry each day will not be considered remarkable when all the advantages that Queens Borough has to ofTer are understood. \\hat are the reasons for this great industrial development? It is the result of four main causes. 1. New enterprises, constructing plants for the production of new articles, nat- urally seek Queens Borough as the most economic and efficient location. 2. Manufacturers with their main plants in the Middle West desire to establish branch plants in the East to supply both the New York market and their foreign trade; manufacturers whose present plants are unfavorably located with respect to transportation, housing, labor, raw materials; and manufac- turers seeking branch factories more strategically located so as to remove competitive handicaps. 3. Factories which have been operating in the more highly developed boroughs of New York, and tinding it impossible to expand except at enormous cost because of the high price of land adjacent to their present establishments, seek new sites in Queens Borough where they can purchase sufficient land at low cost to provide for both their present needs and future expansion. 4. Plants in Queens Borough, finding their business growing, either purchase new sites and erect new buildings or construct enlargements to their present factories. The principal reasons why manufacturing plants are leaving Manhattan, and even Brooklyn, to establish in Queens Borough, may be summed up as fol- lows : — 1. High Rents. 2. High cost of land makes expansion at present location too expensive. 3. Congested condition of streets causes trucking difficulties with delays in shipping. 4. Greater cost of rehandling shipments of raw materials and finished products as compared with loading and luiloading direct from private switches obtain- able on the Long Island Railroad. 5. Loss of time between factories and homes of employees. 94 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Oueens NINETEEN REASONS THAT ATTRACT NEW INDUSTRIES TO QUEENS BOROUGH The borougli of Oueens has so many advantages that it is rapidly becoming- one of the greatest manufacturing centers in the United States. Some of the principal reasons which have resulted in attracting hundreds of new industries to establish manufacturing, assemblying, shipping and storage plants in the Borough are the following : — 1. LOCATION . If a circle is drawn with (irand Central Station as its center, and with a radius of 10 miles, there will be a larger area of Queens Borough within that circle than of any other Borough. Oueens is much nearer to the business center of Manhattan than is any other Borough. In fact, the geographical center of New York City is Oueens Borough. 2. RAPID TRANSIT. The operation of the five new rapid transit extensions into Queens from Brooklyn and Manhattan by the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company and the Interborough Rapid Transit Company places at the disposal of the residents of Queens Borough tlie entire comprehensive system of rapid transit in New York City for a single fare. 3. MARKET. It is always an advantage for the manufacturer to have his factory located near a large market. Queens is part of the largest market in the world — the city of New York — the focal point for the transaction of business and the distribution of commodities for the United States. Twenty seven percent of the buying population of the United States is located within 100 miles of New York City — a market of tremendous possibilities. Within a commuting radius of thirty miles, 7]^ percent of the population of the United States lives. Furthermore, the home consumption of manufactured goods of all kinds is enormous. Everything to eat, or to wear, or that can contribute to the pleasure, health or comfort of mankind has a ready sale and quick distribution in New York City and vicinity. New Home of the Remington Typewriter Co. in Flushing. Purch.\seu in 1920 from the Nath.\n Mfg. Co. Xew York Crrv 95 Where Spearmint Chewing Gum in made. The factory of the \\'m. Wrigley Jr. Co., in the Maspeth section of Queens. Twenty acres of gromicl have been acquired for future expansion. 4. GOOD ROADS. To realize the advantage of trucking facihties good roads are an absohite necessity. Queens has the best paved highways of any sec- tion of New York City. 5. QUEENSBORO BRIDGE. Spanning the East River across Blackwell's Island — opened in 1909, gives a direct route for vehicles of all descriptions from 59th Street and Second .Avenue (Manhattan) to Long Island City (Queens Borough). Thirty thousand vehicles have crossed this bridge in one day. 6. LABOR SUPPLY. In every industrial center the labor supply is one of the most important features. In Xew York City there is a labor supply not be found in any other American City. Queens has available this unlimited sup- ply of labor from a population of over 7,500,000 within easy traveling dis- tance, ranging from unskilled labor to the highest skilled mechanics. 7. HOUSING FACILITIES. The Borough of Queens offers advantages superior to any other section of Ckeater Xew York for the housing of em- ployees of factories. For those who prefer to live within walking distance of their work small houses and apartments in quiet locations can be obtained. Trolleys, rapid transit lines and electric railroads make available all parts of the City of New York, and even the adjoining suburbs in Nassau and W'est- chester Counties, for housing workingmen and executives. Electricity, gas and water are everywhere provided. Sewers are installed. The best schools. churches of all denominations, beaches, parks and theatres and all re(juisites for pleasure are here. 96 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens 8. AVAILABLE SITES. There is no section of Xew York where so much acreage is available for industrial development as in the Borough of Queens. There are 22,000 acres available for manufai^turing purposes. The manu- facturer who has a good location and is surrounded by favorable conditions has an advantage over his competitors. Numerous waterfront sites are to be had with a depth sufficient to acconmiodate vessels of large draught, at prices much lower than any other waterfront property in the city. Along the Connecting Railroad and the Pennsylvania — Long Island Railroad are thousands of acres where sidings may be had bringing cars to the factory door and saving all expense for carting. Other locations within easy hauling distance of both railroad and piers are to be had at attractive prices, varying according to location, but always far below in price the same class of property anywhere else in New York City. 9. LOW COST OF LAND. The price of land is much lower than in Man- hattan and other Boroughs, and floor space with many facilities which Man- hattan cannot offer such as abundant light and air, direct tracking facilities, etc., can be had at very reasonable prices. 10. RAILROAD FACILITIES. There are in Queens today over eighty miles of railroad, some of which is two, four and six tracked. This amount of railroad through the Borough gives an adequate opportunity for sidings direct to factory premises. 11. FREIGHT RATES. "Metropolitan Freight Rates" apply to Queens just as they do to Manhattan, and goods shipped into the Borough from more than 100 miles, or shipped out further than 100 miles get exactly the same freight rates that the same commodities shipped in or out of Manhattan receive. These New York rates apply as far as College Point, Flushing, Jamaica and Ozone Park. 12. ELECTRICITY AND GAS. Electric power rates are very advantageous. They are as low as the rates in any city on the Atlantic seaboard, and com- pare favorably with companies in other parts of the United States which manufacture electric power by steam. Gas for power, illumination or heat- ing can be obtained at reasonable rates. 13. WATERFRONT. The 200 miles of waterfront and 35 miles of docks and bulkheads on the East River, Newtown Creek, Flushing Bay, Flushing Creek, Jamaica Bay, and the Atlantic Ocean, indicates the tremendous amount of waterfront that Queens has available for shipping and for future develop- ment. 14. CONNECTING RAILROAD. The New York Connecting Railroad, with its massive bridge over Hell Gate, connecting Queens Borough with the Bronx, and the Pennsylvania — Long Island Railroad system with the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, gives an all rail route for freight traffic. 15. FINANCIAL CENTER. As a financial center New York City is more than six times greater than any other city in the cotmtry, twenty-six percent of the banking power of the United States being centered in it, and ten per- New York City 97 cent of the banking power of the world. Queens is a part of this great banking center, and has today 35 banking offices throughout the Borough, (nineteen State banks, seven National, four savings and five trust company offices) with resources aggregating $750,000,000. 16. BARGE CANAL TERMINALS. Three terminals of the State Barge Canal are located in the Borough of Queens, as follows: Lst, on the East River, just north of the Queensboro Bridge. Long Island City ; 2nd, on Hallet's Cove, East River, in the Astoria section of Long Island City ; 3rd, Flushing Bay, just west of the mouth of Flushing Creek. These terminals place all of the advantages of the $150,000,000 deeper and wider State Barge Canal at the disposal of the shippers of Queens Borough, and materially reduce the cost of transportation of raw materials and manufactured products. 17. QUEENSBORO TERMINAL. A branch of the Brooklyn Eastern Dis- trict Terminal Company is located on the East River, just south of the Queensboro Bridge. This Terminal receives and delivers freight each day for ever\' transportation line in the United States except the Pennsylvania System, giving prompt and economical transportation and eliminating the necessity of carting to all the separate freight piers in Manhattan. 18. FOREIGN TRADE. New York is the gateway through which 50 percent of the exports and imports of the United States pass. For the manufacturer who is interested in the systematic development of the export markets, the Queens Borough section of New York City furnishes the best location for his plant as it possesses direct shipping facilities and enables him to make an aggressive campaign in pushing the sales of his products in the world market. 19. WELFARE OF EMPLOYEES. One of the greatest gains which can be made by removing a manufacturing establishment from the congested sections of New York City to the open spaces of Queens Borough is the improvement of factory conditions and its effect upon the personnel of the plant — physically, mentally and morally. Greater efficiency exists in a well lighted, well-ventilated, sanitary and modern manufacturing plant. National Sugar Refining Co., Long Inland Citv. One of the Largest. Most Modern AND Efficient Plants in the World. Established 1897 in Queens Borough. 98 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Steinway & Sons Piano Factory, Established 1876. BENEFITS DERIVED BY BUSINESS MEN OF QUEENS FROM NEW INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS The establishment of a new factory in any section of the Borough of Queens radiates its influence to all other sections of the Borough and increases the busi- ness possibilities for every one. One new factory whether estabHshed in Long Island City, Flushing, College Point, Woodside, Jamaica or Glendale, or else- where in Queens, bringing 10, 100 or 1,000 new employees into the Borough, adds new population and wealth to the entire community, creating a greater prosperity for all and benefitting: — 1. The Manufacturer: By increasing the labor supply and guaranteeing its permanency. The Merchant : By increasing the number of his customers. The Banker: By increasing the number of depositors. The Real Estate Developer and Broker :By increasing the demand for land both for factory sites and for homes for executives and workingmen. The Transportation Companies- By increasing the number of passengers carried. The Gas and Electric Companies: By increasing the number of con- sumers of power, light and heat. The Builder: — By increasing the demand for homes of all types to house the increased population. The Retailer: By increasing the number of families living in the Borough with their increased purchasing power. The Professional Man: By increasing the number of his clients. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. New York City 99 RANK OF SEVENTEEN LEADING MANUFACTURING CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1914 (From Official United States Census figures) Value of No. of Average Number City Rank Manufactured Products Factories of Employiees New York City I $2,292,831,693 29,621 585.279 Chicago 2 1,483,498,411 10,115 313.710 Philadelphia 3 784,499,633 8,454 251,286 ■ Detroit 4 400,347,912 2,036 99.603 St. Louis 360,479,868 2,787 85,058 Cleveland 352,418,032 2,345 103,317 Boston 7 284,802,479 3,138 78,894 Buffalo 8 247,516,476 2,225 54.416 Pittsburg 9 246,694,018 I.74I 69,620 Milwaukee lO 223.555,142 1,728 61,839 Baltimore II 215,171,530 2,502 73,769 Cincinnati 12 210,860,386 2,135 59.861 Xevvark 13 210,601.047 2,275 63,084 Minneapolis 14 187,854,159 1,349 28,295 QUEENS BOROUGH 164,789,000 975 31,630 Jersey City 1.=; 164,528,608 770 31,021 San Francisco i6 162,299,795 2,334 31,758 Kansas City, Kan. 17 159,700,168 NEW YORK CITY 2,201 13.095 Value of No of Average Number City Rank Manufactured Products Factories of Employees Manhattan $1,519,143,429 21,807 385.901 Brooklyn 515,302,755 6,096 140.831 QUEENS 164,789,000 975 31.630 Bronx 58.708.792 1,271 19,387 Richmond 34,887,000 192 7.479 Total ?j.292,830,976 30,341 585.229 U p p ;- w _ inn a.' cr t Qcc;iic:Z'C J^rM^ »r^ Garford Motor 'J'ruck Co. Standard Steel Car Co. Two new automobile service stations now being erected on the Bridge Plaza, Long Island City. 100 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens NEW INDUSTRIES The following are a few of the larger and nationally known industrial con- cerns which have either purchased property or erected plants in Queens Borough during the past year or two. NAME American Chicle Co. American Radiator Co. Anchor Cap & Closure Co. Art Ornamental Company Blickman, S. & Co. C. — H. Motors Corporation Cole- Duncan Boiler Works Connelly Iron Sponge & Governor Co. Egleston Brothers & Co. Eureka Rubber Company Fahnestock Electric Co Famous Players-Lasky Corporation Fruit Products Corp. G. M. Film Printing Corp. Garford Motor Truck Co. Gehnrich Indirect Heat Oven Compan; General Carbonic Company Johnson Coin Counting Machine Co. Karpen Brothers & Co. Latham Litho & Printing Co. Lauraine Magneto Company Liquid Carbonic Company Loft, Inc. McHugh Willow Furniture Co. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Norma Company of America Palmolive Company Payet Silk Works Perfect Window Regulator Co. Piel Company, G. Pittsburg Plate Glass Company Pyroxloid Company Remington Typewriter Company Repetti, Inc. Sawyer Biscuit Company Sea Isand Thread Company Selznick Pictures Corporation Sheperd Company, C. E. Standard Steel Car Co. Tapley Company, J. F. Tiffin Products Inc. Waite-Bartlett Mfg. Co. Waldes & Company Walworth Manufacturing Co. Wappler Electric Company White Company W'm. Wrigley Company LOCATION ARTICLE MANUFACTURED Long Island City Chewing Gum Laur.-l Hill Radiators Long Island City Rnbber Rings Celluloid Articles Metal Stampings Auto Trucks Boilers Iron Pipes Iron Works Rubber Goods Electric Supplies Motion Pictures Fruit Products Motion Picture film. Motor Trucks Ovens " " Carbonic Gas " t( Coin Wrappers ti u Furniture Woo -.ide Posters Long Island City Magnetos ( >t Carbonic Gas ( n Candy Furniture Printing Plant Ball Bearings Soap Silk Dyeing Window Regulators Auto Horns Glass " Celluloid Articles Flush ng Typewriters Long Island « (1 City Candy Biscuits Whit itone Thread Long Island City Motion Pictures tt i( Bookbinding (1 u Automobiles (f u Bookbinding tt it Candy " " X-Ray Apparatus Koh-I-Noor Fasteners Iron Pipes X-Ray Apparatus Motor Trucks M asp;th Chewing Gum New York City 101 Astoria Mahogany Co. Est. 1876. \\'m. DeMuth & Co., Richmond Hill. Manufacturers of Smoking Pipes AND Accessories. Est. 1900. 102 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens "MADE IN QUEENS" "A" Acids Antiseptics Auto Tires Acousticons Architectural Bronze Auto Trucks Agate Ware Architectural Iron Work Automobiles Aircraft Architectural Patterns Automobile Motor Airplanes Architectural Woodwork Heat Indicators Airplane Motor Artesian Well Drillers Auto. Parts & Accessories Heat Indicators Artesian Well Machinery Automobile Specialties Airplane Parts Art Goods Airplane Propellers Automobile Equipment Aluminum Castings Artificial Stone Auto Wheels Angle Plates Auto Bodies Autopeds Aniline Colors Auto Horns Awnings Baby Carriages "B" Boats Bronze Ware Bags & Bagging Boilers Bowling Alleys Ball Bearings Boiler Compound Bronze Powders Bank Fixtures Book Binding Brushes Banners Bottles Buckets Barrels (Steel & W. ooden) Box Springs Buckles Bath Tubs Boxes Buffing Machines Batteries Braids Building Material Beds & Bedding Brass & Bronze Castings Building Stone Billiard Tables Brass Faucets Builders Supplies Biscuits Brass Locomotive Appliances Bungs Bisulphite of Soda Brassieres Bushings Blank Books Brick (Fire) Buttons Blowers, Exhaust Bronze (Architectural) Button Machinery Cabinets "C" Chemicals Concrete Candy Chewing Gum Copper Smelting & Refining Cans Chicory Copper Tanks, Vats & Coils Canvas Goods (Tents) Cigars Cordage Canvas Upper Rubber Sole ; Cleaning Machinery Cornices Footwear Clips Corsets Carbonic Acid Gas Clothing Crackers Carburetors Coffee Cranes & Hoisting Machinery Cardboard Coin Wrappers Creamery Machinery Carmel, Burnt Sugar • Coloring Colors Creosoting Carpets Colored Optical Glass Caskets Combs Crullers Celluloid Commercial Auto Bodies Cutlery Cement Composition Flooring Cut Outs Chains "D" Dairy Supplies Dies Drugs & Preparations Davits Disinfectants Dryers — Colors Dental & Druggists' Rubber Disenfecting Appliances Dumbwaiters Goods Display Fixtures & Forms Dye Stuffs Dental Instruments Door Sash and Trim Dyeing Diamond Saw Mach inery Dress Shields Dyewood Extracts Dictographs Drop Hammers Dictophones '*T7" Electric Machinery Appliances Electric Switchboards Electric Polishing & Plating Electric Supplies Electricity Emery Grinders New York City 103 Fasteners Fat Melters Fertilizer Fibreloid Fire Extinguishers Fireproof Doors & Windows "F" Fireworks Flashlights (Daylo) Flavoring Extracts Floors (Cement) Florists' Supplies "G" Folding Boxes Forgings Fruit Products Fur Dressing & Dyeing Furniture Gas (Acetylene) Gas (Illuminating) Gas Fixtures Gas Lighting Fixtures . Gases (Oxygen & Hydrogen) General Machine Work Glass Gloves "H" Glue Granite Monuments Greases Hand Bags Hats Hardware Headwear Heating Apparatus Hides Hoisting Buckets urtt Household Supplies Hospital Supplies Hydroplanes Ice Ice Cream Illuminated Street Car Signs Industrial Cars Inks and Printing Inks Insecticides Iron Stairs Jewelers' Boxes Iron Work Ivory Goods Instruments Japans "K" Kitchen Utensils Knit Goods Labeling Machines Laces and Embroideries Lacquers Lamps Laundry Equipment "L" Leather Dressing Leggings Life Boats Life Rafts Lighting Fixtures Liquid Soap Lithographing Loose Leaf (Binding Devices) Ballinger & Penot, Architects and Engineers. The New York Consolidated Card Co. The Tiffin Products. Inc. 104 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Oueens "M" Macaroni Metalcrete (Liquid) Machinery Castings Metal Goods Motometers Machines (Special) Metal Specialties Motor Boats Magnetos Meters (Water) Motor Trucks Mahogany Veneers Metal Polishes Mirrors Malt Metals and Metal Work Motion Pictures Marble Cutting Metholoid Music Cabinets Matches Mill and Cabinet Work Musical Strings Mattresses Mill Work Mustard Medicines "N" \ickle Ware Novelties "0" Oil Organs Ovens Oil Stoves Ornamental Iron "P" Pearl Button Machinery Overalls Packing Boxes Pillows Paint Petroleum Pillow Cases Painters' Supplies Pharmaceuticals Pipes (Smoking) Paper Bags Phonographs Playing Cards Paper Novelties Pianoforte Materials Plumbers' Supplies Paper Specialties Pianos Polishes Pattern Making Pickles "R" Printing Presses Radiators Ribbons Rubber Products Radium Dials Roofing Rubber Specialties Ratan and Wicker Ware Rope "S" .Shoes Rubber Tires' Safety Guards Steel and Iron Work Salad Dressings Signs Steel Barrels Saws Silk Steel Plate Construction Scarfs Silk Finishing & Dyeing Stencil Machines Scouring Powder Silk Shoe Binding Stencil Oil Paper Screw Alachinc Products Silver Novelties Stone Cutting Machines Seats and Chair Seats Skates Store Fixtures Sheet Iron Work Skirts Structural Iron Sheet Metal Smelting Structural Steel Sheet Metalware Soap Sugar Refining Sheets Starch Surgical Instruments Ships Stationery Swntches Shippers Supplies Steam Specialties "T" Thermometers Tallow Products Toys Tanks Tin Cans Train Indicators Telephone Booths Tobacco Pipes Transparencies Terra Cotta Toilet Preparations Twine Textiles Tooli "U" Typewriters Undertakers' Supplies Underwear "V" Veneers (^lahogany, etc.) Varnish Ventilators "W" ' Waterproofing Willow Furniture Woodwork (Interior and Ex- Waterprooiing Compounds Window- Screens terior) Welding Machines Window Regulators Wrapping Machines White Goods Woodenware "X" X-Ray Machines "Y" Yarn New York City 105 FACTORIES The following list of Queens Borough factories is by no means complete. It includes only the larger and more important industrial establishments. There are hundreds of small plants with less than ten employees, which are classed as "factories"; such as bakeries; small yirmt shops; garages, where automobile re- pairing is done ; and homes in which a few employees are engaged in needle trades. This list includes only such factories as (a) Own their own plants (b) Rent at least 2500 square feet of floor space, or (c) Employ 10 or more people The capital invested in manufacturing in a community, and not the number of factories, is the true index of its industrial strength. l''urlhermorc. as this list is printed in April 1920, the names of the industrial establishments locating in Queens Borough from that time on cannot be included. BOLD FACE indicates Membership in Queensboro Chamber of Commerce. (a) Property purchased, factory not completed. Xumbcr of Year Employees Established Cotnpanv and Address Articles Atatiufactured April, 1920 in Queens A Acme Reed Furniture Co., Woodside Furniture 12 1893 ACORX SILK CO., L. I. City Broad silk 75 1913 Adler Veneer Scat Co.. L. 1. City Seats 85 1910 AEOLIAX COMP.\XY, L. I. City Pianos, victrolas 117 1915 AMERICAX AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL CO., (PRESTOX WORKS). Blissville Chemicals 100 1899 American .Apothecaries Co., L. I. City Druggists' supplies 32 1905 AMERIC.\X B.\LS.\ CO., L. I. City Life boats, motor boats, life preservers 200 1910 .AMERICA.X BLAU-GAS CORP.. L. I. City Blau-gas. dri-gas 16 1917 AMERICAX CHICLE CO., L. I. City Chewing gum, confectionery 450 1916 .\MERICAX CLIP CO.. L, I, City Paper clips, etc 75 1903 .\merican Die & Tool Works. L. I, City Dies and tools (a) 1919 .\MERICAX DRUGGISTS SYXDICATE. L. I. City. Drugs and chemicals 900 1907 .\MERICAX EVER READY WORKS L. I. City Flashlielits (Daylo), storage and dry batteries 1700 1915 -American Fibre Chair Seat Corp.. L. I. City Chair scats 75 .... AMERICAX H.ARD RUBBER CO., College Point... Hard rubber articles 1325 1854 .American Radiator Co., L. I, City Radiators (a) 1919 .AXCHOR CAP & CLOSURE CORP.. L. I. City Caps for tumblers, mason jar rubber rings 400 1920 ANDERSOX. E. D., INC., L. I. City Automatic machinery 90 1915 ANDREWS LEAD CO., L. I. City White lead 18 1920 AXTHOXY CO.. L. I. City Liquid fuel 65 1912 ART ORNAMENT CO., L. I. City Toilet articles 50 1920 -Astoria Boat Works. L. I. City Boats 22 1913 ASTORI.A MAHOG.ANV CO., L. I, City Mahogany lumber and veneer, . , 400 1876 ASTORIA LIGHT. HE-AT & POWER CO. L. I, City Illuminating gas 875 1906 .Astoria Pearl Button Co.. L. I. City Pearl buttons 20 1890 ASTORIA SILK WORKS. L. I. City Silk 232 1888 ATLANTIC HYGIENIC ICE CO.. Woodhaven Ice 10 1919 -ATLANTIC RUBBER MFG. CORP., College Point. . Rubber articles 230 1891 -ATLANTIC MACARONI CO. L. I. City Macaroni 40 1904 AUTO SALES CORPOR-ATIOX. L. I. City Slot machine* 100 1920 B Barber Shoe Co.. Frank L. I. City Shoes 51 1896 Barker Sweet Mfg. Co., Jamaica Saws 20 1909 Barthels Mfg, Co,, Glcndalc Braids and laces 100 1903 Bayer. Gardner Himes Co, L, I, City Hardware for builders 25 1913 Bavvicw Ribbon Co., Glcndale Ribbons SO 1908 BEACOX FALLS RUBBER SHOE CO,, College Point Shoes, rubber footwear 700 1916 BELLOX, INC.. AUGUST. Rockaway Beach Structural and ornamental iron 10 1895 BLACK BE.AR CO.. L, I. City Oils and factory supplies 10 1890 Bieleckv Bros. Co. Woodside Willow and reed furniture 10 1916 BLICK>LAN. S. L. I. City Sheet metal specialties 250 1920 BOYCE-VEEDER CO.. L. I, City Fire extinguishers 70 1919 BRADBURY CO,, F. L„ L. I, City Crullers 160 1913 BRADLEY MFG, CO. A, J,, L, I, City Stencil papers 10 1911 106 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Company and Address BRADLEY & SON. WILLIAM. L. I. City. Number of Employees Articles Manufactured April, 1920 .Cut stone and marble 100 170 15 10 Brandes Mfg Co., Julius. College Point Silk 25 BREWSTER & CO., L. I. City Automobiles 995 BRIGGS, INC.. STEPHEN. L. I. City Barrels 20 BROCKWAY, FITZHUGH & STEWART, INC., Evergreen Labels and fibre shipping con- tainers 125 BROOKLYN FOUNDRY CO., L. I. City Grey iron castings 150 Brown Co., A. B.. Winfield Window screens and weather strips 17 BROWN & CO.. GEORGE, L. I. City Stone cutting 150 BRUNSWICKBALKECOLLENDER CO., L. I. City Billiard tables, bowling alleys, phonographs, auto tires 100 BRETT LITHOGRAPH CO., L. I. City Lithographing Bulls Eye Rubber Co.. L. I. City Rubber heels Buhler. Edmund. L. I. City Sewer pipe c C-H MOTORS CORPORATION, L. I. City Automobile assembling 50 Callister, W. L. & G. T., Queens, L. I Wagons 54 CALMAN & CO., EMIL L. I. City Paint and varnish 46 CARBOLA CHEMICAL CO., L. I. City Disinfecting whitewash 10 CARPENTER CO., JOHN R., Jamaica Sash, door and trim 125 CASSIDY CO., INC., L. I. City Lighting fi.xtures 125 GATING, WILLIAM B.. Winfield Rope and cord 60 CENTRAL SMELTING & REFINING CO.. L. I. City Smelting and refining 15 Chase Roberts & Co., L. I. City Paint 50 CHILTON PAINT CO., College Point Paint and varnish 30 CLAUDEL CARBURETOR CO., INC., L. I. City. . .Carburetors 10 CLOCHESSY, JOHN, Rockaway Beach Paper bags and folding boxes. . . 60 CODEX ANTISEPTIC CO., L. I. City Antiseptics 10 COLE-DUNCAN BOILER WORKS. L. I. City Boilers 20 COLLEGE POINT BOAT CORP.. College Point. ... Boats 60 Colodor Engineering Corporation, L. I. City Strainers for autos 10 COLUMBIA PAPER B.\G CO., L. I. City Paper bags 100 COMFORT SANDAL CO.. L. I. City Sandals and shoes 90 COMMERCIAL RESEARCH CO.. Flushing Metal etching, chemical and welding products 50 Compound Specialty Co.. L. I. City Paint 10 CONCORD CONSTRUCTION CO., Ridgewood Ornamental iron work and forg- ings 10 Concrete Steel Co.. L. I. City Reinforcing bars (a) CONNELLY IRON SPONGE & GOVERNOR CO., L. I. City Iron pipe 20 Cork & Zicha Marble Co.. L. I. City Marble works 14 Cornellist Textile Co., L. I. City Plushings 30 COURTADE TOS. & SONS, L. I. City Piano cases 10 CUNNINGHAJI. W. J Brass foundry 20 CUNNINGHAM. THE CHRISTOPHER CO.. L. I. City High pressure steam boilers.... 65 D DEERY JOHN J. CO.. INC., L. I. City Marble sawing DEFENDER MFG. CO., L. I. City Sheets and pillow cases Delatour Beverage Corp., L. I. City Beverages DEMUTH, WM. & CO., Richmond Hill Tobacco pipes and smokers' arti- cles DE NOBILI CIGAR CO., L. I. City Cigars Detroit Pressed Steel Wheel Co., L. I. City Solid steel disks for automobile wheels Diamond Red Paint . Co., L. I. City Paints DICTOGR.\PH I'RODLTCTS CORP. Jamaica Acousticons, dictographs Dillmaii Bakintr Co.. Inc., Brooklyn Hills Bakery products DOMESTIC Sn..\P MFG. CO.. L. I. City Soap Donaldson Roman Stone Co.. Richmond Hill Structural stone Druckerman. L. & M.. Woodhaven Embroideries Dukeshire Steel & Forge Co.- Maspeth Forgings DL^RKEE. E. R. & CO.. Elmhurst Spices and food products DUVALIAN PRODUCTS CORP., L. I. City Leather specialty goods 18 200 25 1000 700 25 10 185 115 14 40 100 20 269 45 Year Established in Queens 1907 1885 1909 1900 1918 1914 1917 1850 1904 1914 1918 1910 1920 1852 1850 1919 1888 1915 1892 1898 1895 1911 1919 , 1918 1920 1919 1917 1920 1903 1915 1915 1902 1905 1919 1920 1915 1913 1919 1852 1862 1916 1916 1919 1900 1906 1919 1919 1906 1915 1891 1914 1888 1918 1918 1914 ELANDES RIBBON CO.. INC., Whitestone Silk ribbons 275 1915 Elcaya Facial Cream Co., L. I. City Facial creams .... ELIAS JOSEPH & CO., L. I. City Glass mirrors, etc 125 1915 ELMHURST ICE CO,. Elmhurst Ice 20 1918 EMPIRE ART METAL CO., College Point Hollow steel doors, interior trim 400 1913 EMPIRE TUBE & STEEL CORP., College Point Steel tubing 300 1919 EMERSON PHONOGRAPH CO,, INC.. L. I. City. . .Phonograph records 400 1920 Empire City Iron Works L. I. City Ornamental iron (*) 1920 Eppinger & Russell, L, I, City Creosoted lumber, piling and ties 25 1888 Evergreen Knitting Mills, Evergreen Knit goods 32 1892 EUREKA RUBBER CO.. L. I. City Rubber products 25 1916 Expanded Metal Safety Guard Co.. L. I. City Metal guards 15 1920 20 1916 500 1919 15 1915 17 1903 35 1914 10 1885 20 1914 35 1915 14 1920 (•) 1919 New York Citv 107 Number of Year Employees Established Company and Address Articles Manufactured April, 1920 in Queens F FAHNESTOCK ELECTRIC CO., L. I. City Spring binding posts, electrical supplies FAMOUS PLAYERS-LASKY CORP.. L. I. City. .. .Motion pictures Fassler & Klein Iron \\'orlcs, L. I. City Iron works Federal Brass & Bronze Co.. L. I. City ,\rchitectural brass and bronze. . Feigin, F. A., L. I. City Cabinet makers Fenner. Geo. L., L. I. City Printing inks, etc FISHER, JOHN C. MFG. CO.. L. I. City Metal specialties Franklin Brass Foundry, L. I. City Castings 35 FRISCH TOILET MIRROR CO., L. I. City Toilet mirrors Fruit Products Corp., L. I. City Fruit products G. M. FILM PRINTING CO., L. I. City Film printing (*) 1919 Gahagan, W. H.. Arverne Shipbuilders 150 1918 Garford Motor Co.. L. I. City Service station (*) 1920 GARSIDE A. & SONS, INC., L. I. City LShoes 300 1918 GAUMONT MOTION PICTURE CO., Flushing Motion pictures ISO 1912 GEHNRICH INDIRECT HEAT OVEN CO., Flush- ing Ovens and oven equipment 100 1919 GENERAL CARBONIC CO.. L. I. City Carbonic gas 50 1919 General Chemical Co.. Laurel Hill Chemicals 200 1900 Gillies, James, L. I. City Stone yard 10 1852 GLEASON-TIEBOUT GLASS CO., Maspeth Glass 250 1903 GOLDBERG & DAVIDSON, L. I. City Buttons 20 1920 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., L. I. City .\utomobile tires 50 1913 GOULDMERSEREAU CO., L. I. City Drapery, carpet and cabinet hardware 140 1919 Grady Mfg. Co., The, L. I. City Metal polish 20 1914 Gray, C. M. Marble & Slate Co.. L. I. City Marble cutting 12 1908 GREENPOINT-SOUTHERN CO.. L. I. City Mattresses, box springs, pillows 35 1919 GREENPOINT FIRE BRICK CO., L. I. City Fire brick, boiler refractories... 40 1868 GROSSMAN, MORGAN, L. I. City Shoes 50 1920 H Haering & Matter, College Point Silk dyeing 35 1905 HARMON COLOR WORKS, College Point Dry and pulp colors 20 1916 HARROLDS MOTOR CAR CO., L. I. City Pierce-Arrow service station 350 1913 HEATLESS DENTAL WHEEL CO., L. I. City Dental appliances 28 1916 HELLMAN, RICHARD, INC., L. I. City Blue Ribbon mayonnaise 82 1915 HELLMAN MOTOR CORP.. L. I. City Ford automobiles (a) 1920 Hill Button Works L. I. City Buttons 100 1920 Hill Laundry Equipment Co., L. I. City Laundry equipment 10 1917 Himoff Machine Co.. L. I. City Machines 30 1916 HOLLIDAY KEMP CO., INC.. Woodside Dyes, aniline colors 25 1916 HORN HOLLAND CO.. L. I. City Paints and varnishes 40 1914 HOUPERT MACHINE CO., L. I. City Machine shop 175 1918 Howard Printing Co., L. I. City Printing 50 1920 Hoskins. R. H. Shoe Co.. L. I. Citv Shoes 75 1914 HOWELL, FIELD & GODDARD, INC., L. I. City. . Fireproof doors and windows... 100 1912 HUBER, JOSEPH. INC. L. I. City Auto bodies 25 1900 HUGHES. WM. & CO.. INC.. Glendale Cotton waste 25 1919 HUNTER ILLUMINATED CAR SIGN CO., Flush- ing Street car destination signs, sheet steel products 65 1910 H. & N. Carburetor Co. L. I. City Carburetors 10 1916 IMPERIAL :^IETAL AIFG. CORP., L. I. City Metal specialties IMPERIAL PAINT CO., L. I. City Paint Indian Refining Co., L. I. City Oils INTERNATIONAL MOTOR CO., L. I. City Automobiles INTERN.-VTIONAL OXYGEN CO.. College Point. . .Oxygen apparatus International Silk Winding Co., L. I. City Silk winding IRVING IRON WORKS Subway grating and safsteps. J. M. SKIRT CO.. Woodside Skirts Jackson, J. A., L. I. City Marble cutting Jamaica Consumers' Ice Co., Jamaica Ice JENSEN'S AUTO BODY WORKS. L. I. City Auto bodies JETER A. H. & CO.. INC., L. I. City M«al specialties JOHNSTON. H. S. DRUG CO., Elmhurst Drugs and chemicals JOHNSON COIN COUNTING MACHINE CO.. L. I. City Coin wrapping machines.. JUST, GEORGE A. CO. L. I. City Fabricated iron and steel. 100 1913 48 1913 26 1914 7r> 1919 14 1915 10 1920 200 1907 75 1913 10 190S 30 1907 14 1913 18 1913 20 1898 SO 1919 200 1903 80 1912 10 1920 1700 1850 250 191S (•) 1920 60 1919 65 1917 10 1905 100 1907 1000 1915 80 1919 65 1864 108 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Number of Year Employees Established Company and Address Articles Manufactured April, 1920 ni Queens K KARPEN. S. & BROS., L. I. City Upholstered furniture 350 1920 KEINER WILLIAMS STAMPING CO., Richmond Hill Drawn and stamped sheet metal 300 1912 KLEIN BROTHERS. L. I. CITY Japanese bamboo furniture 80 1902 Klein, J.. Iron Works, L. I. City Structural and ornamental iron 20 1911 KLEINERT, I. B. RUBBER CO., College Point Rubber specialties (dress shields) 1200 1884 KNICKERBOCKER ICE .CO., L. I. City Ice 100 1919 KOZAK & McLOUGHLIN, L. I. City Shoes 300 1916 KRAEMER BROS. CO., College Point Sash, frames, doors etc 35 1885 L L. W. F. ENGINEERING CO., College Point Aeroplanes, cabinets 100 1916 LA COUR IRON WORKS, L. I. City Structural steel, ornamental iron, cranes and hoists.. LA FRANCE SOAP & PERFUME CO., L. I. City.. Soaps and perfumes LALANCE & GROSJEAN MFG. CO., Woodhaven. ., Agate, nickel, steel ware... Lang, Carl & Hoffman, L. I. City Silks LATHAM LITHO & PRINTING CO., Woodside Posters, car cards LAURAINE MAGNETO CO., L. I. City Magnetos Lewis & V^ought Corp., L. I. City Airplanes Lion Varnish Co., Evergreen Varnish Lissberger. Marks & Son, Inc. L. I. City White lead 100 LOFT, INC.. L. I. City ,. Candy LONG ISLAND MFG. CO., College Point Hats LONG ISLAND STAR PUB. CO., L. I. City Printing LOOSE- WILES BISCUIT CO., L. I. City Sunshine biscuits, cakes and crackers 1400 1914 M McHUGH, JOS. p. & SON, L. I. City Willow furniture 60 1919 MALLINSON, H. R. & CO., INC., L. I. City Silk 211 1885 Manhattan Pearl Button Co.. L. I. City Pearl buttons 14 1896 MANHATTAN-ROME CO., L. I. City Metal beds and couches 175 1917 MANHATTAN SILK CO., College Point Silk 200 1890 MATHESON LEAD CO., L. I. City White lead, oxides 55 1890 MAYER, C. B. CO.. L. I. City Interior woodwork 30 1919 MAYER & LOWENSTEIN, L. I. City Varnishes, japans enamels 50 1865 Maxwell Motor Car Co., L. I. City Service station 10 1920 MERRILL BROTHERS. INC., Maspeth Drop forgings, hammers- etc... 100 1906 METAL STAMPING CO.. L. I. City Auto accessories 200 1904 METROPOLITAN ELEC. MFG. CO.. L. I. City.... Switchboards 264 1910 METROPOLITAN LIFE INS. CO., L. I. City Printing and binding 300 1920 METROPOLITAN TOBACCO CO. Jamaica.. Cigars ... 45 1907 MEURER STEEL BARREL CO., INC., L. I. City.. Barrels ' 200 1912 MEYERS, WILLARD F. MACHINE, CO., L. I. City. Machines 60 1880 MIGEL, J. A., INC., L. I. City siik 100 1915 Miller, Julius, L. I. City Shoes'" 250 1910 Jlirrolike Mfg. Co., L, I. City Polishes 12 1917 MODEL BRASSIERE CO., Elmhurst Clothing 350 1917 MOORE'S BAKERY L. I. City Baking 58 1853 MOTOMETER COMPANY. THE. INC., L. I. City. Mototneters 450 1916 MOTT, J. L. IRON WORKS, L. I. City. . . ... .... . . iron works, etc 10 1919 MULLEN & BUCKLEY, INC., Far Rockaway Window screens and porch screens 100 1^89 Muller Paper Goods Co., Ridgewood Paper goods 1902 Multiple Storage Battery Co., Jamaica Storage batteries "5 1919 MUNICIPAL STUDIO, L. I. City Motion pictures C) > "20 N NATIONAL BRIDGE WORKS. L. I. City Structural steel 150 1904 NATIONAL .CASKET CO., L. I. City Caskets, undertakers' supplies. . . 250 1015 NATIONAL CHAIN CO., College Point Chains 150 I9I5 NATIONAL ENAMELING & STAMPING CO., Laurel Hill Enamel ware 800 1897 National Indicator Co., L. I. City Train indicators 28 1912 NATIONAL LABELING MACHINE CO.. L. 1. City. Labels 15 1916 NATIONAL SUGAR REFINING CO. OF N. J., L, I, City Sugar 850 1897 NATIONAL VARNISH CO., L. I. City Varnish 50 1908 Needham A. W. Machine Co., L. I. City LLMachines 15 1902 NEPTUNE METER CO.. L. I. City Water, gasoline and oil meters. . 750 1892 NEW AMSTERDAM GAS CO., L. I. City Illuminating gas 600 NEW YORK ARCHITECTURAL TERRA COTTA CO. L. I. City Terra cotta 200 1886 NEW YORK CONSOLIDATED CARD CO., L. I. City Playing cards 450 1915 NEW YORK & QUEENS ELECTRIC LIGHT & POWER CO. L. I. City Electricity 857 1901 NEW YORK & QUEENS GAS CO.. Flushing Illuminating gas 100 1854 NIAGARA KNITTING MILLS CORP., L. I. City. .Bathing suits 15 1920 NICHOLS COPPER CO.. Laurel Hill Copper refining 1045 1873 NORMA COMPANY OF AMERICA. THE, L. I. City Precision ball bearings 350 1919 NORMAN-SETON, INC., Winfield Metal doors and fircproofing 84 1910 New York Citv 109 Nttmbcr of Year Employees Established Company and Address Articles Manufactured April, 1920 in Queens O OAKES MFG. CO.. L. I. City Dycwood extracts 130 1883 Oakland Motor Car Co., L. I. City Service station 80 1919 OLD RELIABLE MOTOR TRUCK CORP., L. I. City Motortrucks 100 1918 Operaphone Mfg. Co., L. I. City Phonograph records 37 1913 ORGANIC SALT & ACID CO., INC.. L. I. City.... Salicylates and pharmaceuticals 50 1917 ORESENIGO CO., THE. INC., L. I. City Furniture 300 191S P PACKARD MOTOR CAR CO. OF N. Y., L. I. City. Automobile service station 600 1909 PARAGON PLASTER CO., Jamaica Plaster 25 1908 PARTRIDGE, E. S. CO., L. I. City Service station (Owen Magnetic Biddle. Liberty 55, Lex autos) 55 1919 Pathescope Co. of America, The, L. I. City Motion picture machines and films 18 1916 PATTERSON SARGF,NT CO.. L. I. City Paints and varnishes 50 1919 PAYET SILK DYEING CORP.. L. I. City Silk dyeing 45 1920 Peerless Glass Co.. L. I. City Glass bottles 250 1900 PELLETIER. NAPOLEON, Maspeth Tin cans 30 ' 1900 Perfection Doll Co., L. I, City Character dolls 38 1915 PERFECT WINDOW REGULATOR CO., L. I. City Auto window regulators 170 1920 PIEL. G. CO., INC., L. I. City Automobile horns 125 1911 PIROXLOID PRODUCTS CORl'.. L. 1. City Celluloid articles ISO 1919 Pisani Bros., L. I. City Marble cutting 10 1904 PITTSBURGH PLATE GLASS CO., L. I. City Glass 150 1919 POLACHEK BRONZE & IRON CO., L. I. City Bronze and iron works 100 1912 PRATT & LAMBERT CO., L. I. City Paints and varnishes 50 1850 PREMIER METAL ETCHING CO. L. I. City Name plates, dials, castings 125 1917 PRESSED & WELDED STEEL PRODUCTS CO., INC., L. I. City Pressed and welded sheet steel products 7S 1913 PROPPER SILK HOSIERY CO., L. I. City Silk hosiery 26 1919 Q QUEENSBORO BRASS & BRONZE FOUNDRY. L. I. City Brass and bronze 14 1914 Queens Pattern Works, Astoria Patterns 15 1914 QUEENS BOROUGH GAS & ELECTRIC CO., Far Rockaway Electricity and gas 200 1902 Queensboro Tool & Die Co., L. I. City Dies and tools 12 1916 QUEZAL ART GLASS DECORATING CO., Mas- peth Optical glass 40 1902 QUIGLEY FURNACE SPECIALTY CO., Jamaica. . Furnace material and appliances 10 1916 R R. & L. BALLBEARING CO., L. I. City Ball bearinns 10 1920 RAINIER MOTOR CORP., Flushing Motor trucks 200 1916 R.WENSWOOD PAPER MILL CO.. L. I. City Boxboard and lining 90 1905 RECKNAGEL A., INC.. L. I. City Hardware, factory and contract- ors* supplies 10 1890 REED. A. L. CO.. Richmond Hill Leather goods 175 1902 REICH ARDCOULSTON, INC., L. I. City Dry paint 20 1906 REICHEL, KURT, INC., Ozone Park Fabric gloves 20 1917 Remington Typewriter Co.. Flushing Typewriters 750 1920 Renaissance Corset Co.. Flushing Corsets 40 1919 REPUBLIC AUTO PARTS CO., L. I. City Auto accessories REX PAINT CORP.. L. I. City Paint Rhodes. R. W. & Co. L. I. City Rubber brushes, etc 50 1891 Richev. Brown & Donald. Maspeth Iron work 200 1895 REPETTI. INC.. L. I. City Candy 285 1920 Richmond Hill Foundry. Richmond Hill Soft iron castings 30 1906 ROLLS-ROYCE, LTD. L. I. City Service station 50 1913 Rogers Pcet Co.. Maspeth Clothes 175 1919 RONZONI MACARONI CO.. INC., L. I. City Macaroni 50 1919 ROSENWASSER BROS.. L. I. City Shoes and leggings 1800 1913 RUSSELL FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO.. L. I. City Ca.stini!s 100 1870 s SA\\-SI-:R BISCUIT CO.. L. I. City Biscuit.s (•) 1919 SCHIRMER. G.. INC.. L. I. City Music publishers 195 1915 Sehulls Baking Co.. Jamaica Baking ISO 1911 SCHWANDA & SON. B.. Winfield Pearl buttons 95 1902 Sea Island Thread Co., Whitestone Thread 1920 Scrivcn. J. A. & Co. L. I. City Knit underwear 11 1916 SELF CLASP ENVELOPE CO.. L. I. City Envelopes 60 1920 SELZNICK PICTURES CORP.. L. r. City Motion pictures (•) 1919 SEXAUER & LEMKE INC.. L. I. City Structural steel and iron 75 1900 SHEPHERD. C. E. CO.. L. I. City Book binders 200 1919 Shore Instrument Mfg. Co.. Jamaica Scientific testing instruments... 55 1920 SHOREHAM NOVELTY CO., Winfield Novelties (celluloid) 100 1917 no Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Xunibi'r of Employees Company and Address Articles Manufactured April, 1920 SHUTTLEWORTH. EDWIN CO.. L. I. City Cut stone, marble 50 SIMMONS, JOHN CO., L. I. City Pipe, iron fittings, etc 50 Smith & Andrews, L. I. City Clothes 32 SMITH, EDWARD & CO., L. I. City Varnish and colors SMITH, PETER H. L. I. City Ladies' underwear 20 SOHMER PIANO CO., L. I. City Pianos 138 SORENSEN, C. M. CO., INC., L. I. City Surgical apparatds (*) SPEAR & CO., Woodhaven Caps and hats 50 Stacey Canadian Skate Co., L. I. City Skates 30 STANDARD OIL CO. OF N. Y., L. I. City Oil refining 1000 STANDARD STEEL CAR CO.. L. I. City Service station 30 STAR RIBBON CO.. L. I. City Ribbons 100 STAR SILK WORKS, L. I. City Silk 14 STAUNCHWOOD SHOPS, Flushing Toys 10 STEIN-DAVIES CO., L. I. City Starch products 35 STEINER MFG. CO., L. I. City Hydrometer outfits for autos. . . 20 STEINWAY & SONS L. I. City Pianos 969 STREBEL & SON, CHAS.. Ridgewood Structural steel and iron 25 STUEBNER IRON WORKS, L. I. City Iron 125 SUPREME PICTURES. INC.. Flushing Motion pictures ; . . IS SWEENEY & GRAY CO.. L. I. City Artesian well machinery 25 Year Established m Queens 1906 1918 1920 1827 1920 1886 1920 1910 1920 1885 1920 1906 1919 1919 1904 1919 1876 1908 1918 1919 1893 TAPLEY, J. F. CO.. L. I. City Bookbinding TECHNOLA PIANO CO., L. I. City Vocalions (talking machines).. TEEPE, J. CHAS., INC., L. I. City Woodcnware. tables, furniture. TEXAS CO.. L. I. City Oil Thermokettle Co.. L. I. City Coppersmiths THIBAUT-WALKER CO.. L. I. City Varnishes japans, dryers Third Ward Ice Co.. Flushing Ice THOMSON. JOHN. PRESS CO., L. I. City Machinery Tiffany Furnaces. Corona Tiffany glass TIFFA;JY STUDIOS. Corona Bronze castings TIFFIN PRODUCTS INC.. L. I. City Candy TOCH BROTHERS. L.I. City Paint, varnish, chemicals TOCK SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS CORP., L. T. City Screw machine products TRAITEL MARBLE CO.. THE. L. I. City Marble, mosaic tile TRANSPORT SERVICE. INC.. L. I. City Electric trucks Trilsch. Oscar Co., Whitestone Jewelry cases, paper boxes.... Truscon Steel Co., L. I. City Steel u UNITED BUTTON CO., Maspeth Buttons Universal Electric Welding Co., L. I. City Electric welding V V. & O. Press Co., The, L. I. City Presses, dies, sheet metal ma- chinery Valvoline Oil Works, Maspeth Oils VAN BRUNT, WM. C, INC., L. I. City Structural steel and ornamental iron work VAN IDERSTINE CO.. Laurel Hill Fat rendering Vantine, A. A. Co.. L. I. City Perfume Victor Baking Co. Jamaica Baking VOSKA FOELSCH & SIDLO.. L. I. City Interior marble Vogt, Walter J. & Co., Glendale Novelties and trimmings W Wai'e & Bartlctt L. I. City X-Ray apparatus WALDES & CO.. L. I. City Snap fasteners and small metal parts WALTERS PIANO CO. L. I. City Pianos \\'alker Vehicle Co.. L. I. City .\utomobile trucks WAPPLER ELECTRIC CO., L. I. City X-Ray apparatus WARD MARCUS. INC.. L. I. City Writing paper, tablets WEISBERG-BAER CO.. THE. L. I. City Interior woodwork WELDRITE CO. INC.. L. I. City Welding and machine work \\'EST DISINFECTING CO.. L. 1. City Disinfectants and appliances WHITE CO.. L. I. City Motor truck service station WHITE A. J.. LTD. Jamaica Pharmaceuticals WICKE. WM.. RIBBON CO.. Glendale Narrow ribbons Wild. Joseph & Co.. L. I. City Carpets Willie. John. Astoria Knit goods WILLEY C. A.. CO.. L. I. City Varnish and paint WILLIAMSON. D. D. & CO. L. I. Citv Drugs and chemicals WILSON PRINTING INK CO . W. D.. L. I. City Ink Wis'mach Glass Co.. Paul. L. I. Citv Glass WRIGLEY, WM.. TR.. CO., Maspeth Chewing gum 264 245 52 42 10 32 12 145 40 155 450 95 100 87 62 100 20 250 12 125 10 25 300 30 15 43 35 30 1920 1913 I9I6 I9I5 1917 1908 1907 1902 1893 1904 1919 1903 1917 1904 1919 1906 1918 1918 1915 1904 1913 1912 1906 1917 1917 1906 1911 66 1919 65 1914 34 1918 275 1919 175 1917 150 1905 10 191S 132 1901 500 1919 200 1898 100 1885 25 1916 100 1890 1875 18 1881 10 1916 274 1919 YOUNG & METZNER. L. I. City J'lte bags and bagging. 218 1893 Xew York Cit\ 11 i = -Kij i-rr:: - r .u t - -!-T-T^ -t-'-T- -«-T^- 3* Astoria :AubumcLale y^rverne lihssville TiUlynpanor 'Qayside T2eeckurst Ti'dway Oluskm liellaire Tiuskwick Juct UroadCkamel College %int Corona Clarencevilhs Thuqlaston VuFck Xilb TDunton Glmkursb Cvergreen Sdc^emere yiuskinq Jorest 3-IlIIs '3arJ2ocka uau Glendale 9Len J^orris 34ollis 3hiMrd3eack 'hunters Shint hillside Holland, ^ammels Jamaica JacQ^n J4'ts U^u Garden? Diissena Tark. Cong Is. Citu Citlle ^ecl Caurelton Caurel 34111 J^aspeift Jiafba Horns Tark. JiurrauMill yiicldU Odla^e 7/eponset Jfexotoun O^one Tark, Queens Vllh^ Jiockawcu/^lieack yiambkrsville Jlosedale Tiid/jeuood TlichmorwDidl Steinxjaif St. yllbans Spriyigfielcl Seaside Soutk Ojone UmoK Course 'Whitestone "Wbodside '\/6odAaven If/infield 112 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens RESIDENTIAL ADVANTAGES EW YORK CITY is faced in the Spring of 1920 with the most serious shortage of housing facihties in its history. For the first time in years the city is underbuilt. The stoppage of building construction during the war, the increased cost of materials, labor and transportation have all combined to bring about a condition which can only be remedied by the construc- tion of thousands of new homes of every description to house the present as well as the future population of the city. The logical area for the construction of these new homes is in the Borough of Queens. Its many attractive residential communities, served by both the new rapid transit extensions and the Long Island Railroad, are nearer to the business center of Manhattan than a large proportion of the residential communities of either Brooklyn or the Bronx. Queens Borough possesses the unusual advantage of having within its bor- ders thousands of acres of undeveloped land only a short distance from the business and population centers of the city. A circle w^ith a 10 mile radius, drawn from Grand Central Station in Manhattan as its center, will include 54 square miles of Queens Borough as compared with 50j^ square miles of Brooklyn, 24 square miles of the Bronx and 20 square miles of Manhattan. The close proximity of this great undeveloped territory to the business cen- ters of New York, coupled with the excellent new rapid transit service, now available for a single fare to all parts of the city, gives Queens potentialities for immediate housing development, unequalled by any other borough. Moreover, as the cost of this land today, per lot or per acre, is so much less than any other property in the city with equal transportation advantages, it is evident that the increased cost of building construction can, to a large extent, be offset by the lower cost of land in Queens Borough. Those who are familiar with the vast area of Queens Borough, its great industrial development of the past ten years, its geographical relation to the adjacent boroughs, its new biidges, tunnels, electric railroads, and its many attractions and advantages from a residential standpoint, look forward to the construction of thousands of apartment houses, detached dwellings and multiple family homes in every section of the borough during the next ten years. Queens Borough offers today to the home seeker, the builder and the investor, oppor- tunities far superior to those offered by anv other section of New York. One object of this publication is to impress upon anyone who has not as yet become familiar with the transformation which has taken place in Queens during the past ten years, that its many new rapid transit lines have now made the Borough a real integral part of New York City. The territory adjoining the East River, where industrial and commercial establishments are so rapidly being built and which is served by every rapid transit line of the city, is the most convenient location for housing those who are employed in the industrial establishments in Long Island City, and those who are living today in the congested sections of Manhattan. New Yokk City 113 Moonlight Across the Bay Beginning at Woodside and extending eastward to the City Line at Little Neck and southward to Jamaica are many high-class residential sections. Still further south is the immense area stretching to Jamaica Bay accessible to all by the rapid transit and electric railroads from Brooklyn and Manhattan. Across Jamaica Bay is the 10 mile long Rockaway Peninsula fronting on the Atlantic Ocean, until recently considered too distant in point of time for all year residence, but now being built up with attractive homes of permanent residents, who can reach their offices in the business centers quicker than most commuters from other suburban sections. \\'hen it is realized that the residents of a large proportion of Queens Borough can reach the business, shopping and theatrical centers in Manhattan in less time than it takes the residents of the Bronx and Brooklyn, and of even the Washington Heights section of Manhattan, the reasons for the marvelous growth of New York eastward into Queens will be appreciated. All of the advantages of a home in the country, combined with facilities for reaching office or workshop in a surprisingly short time, are still available within this biggest borough. To every one who loves the soil and grass, or who cherishes the trees and pure air, a new life is opened. Within 10 to 15 minutes after boarding a modern electric train at Pennsylvania Station, or rapid transit trains of the city's subway system, one finds himself looking out upon neat suburban homes and gardens, refreshing the eyes wearied by the city with its scenes of rush and bustle and its monotonous stretches of brick and stone. .\ (.j.\KUE.\ IX THE "G.VKDEX BoROUGH." 114 Chamber of Cn>rMERCE of the Borough of Oueens Rolling Hills Make thk Xtmekous Golf Courses in Queens Uni slallv Attkactive With every natural advantage of diversified country ; of cheap, rapid and comfortable transportation facilities ; ideal climate, attractive home surround- ings, and moderate priced land values ; its refined and cultured population ; its schools, churches and clubs, among the best in the country ; the Borough of Oueens ofifers to home seekers all that can be desired. Here one can find the joys of golf, fishing, boating, swimming and all other outdoor games. A ROUND CITY The most efficient city from a residential, industrial and social standpoint is the "round city," or one that has grown equally in all directions from the business center. For generations Manhattan Island has suffered all the evils of congested population due to its narrowness and to the barrier which the East River placed in the path of its inhabitants seeking homes in Oueens Borough. The average density of population in Manhattan today is approximately 175 persons per acre, while in Queens Borough, just across the East River, it is less than 7 persons per acre. With fifty thousand acres in Queens — ^an area three times as large as Manhattan — still undeveloped, there is every opportunity for the present and future population of the city to be housed comfortably in modern dwellings only a short ride from the business centers. The first step in the gradual rounding out of the city began with the con- struction of bridges and tunnels to Brooklyn. The complete rounding out of the city, however, will take place during the next ten years as a result of the new l)ridges, tunnels and rapid transit railroads which now connect Oueens with Manhattan. A Sp.wkinc; Breeze adds Zest to the Jovs of Yachtixg Xi:\v York City 115 •Tf ' 'V * ■1# J ^' ;■' i 'fet K ■■•"^^^^SR^BH^^^HB^HIfl ;;^_ ■ ''"^-.Jta ^ { ?^ -i! - * '*'i _:?■- ■4 i*iM '' 1! '■•■■ > Flushing High School The business center of Manhattan has gradually moved northward until today it is directly opposite Queens Borough. A generation ago the shopping center was located between 14th Street and 23rd Street. Then it moved to 34th Street and from there to 42nd Street. Today huge office buildings are even being erected in the 57th Street zone. Its growth further north is limited by Central Park. The permanent business center of the city was fixed by the construction of Grand Central Station at 42nd Street and Park Avenue, and the Pennsylvania Station at 33rd Street and Seventh Avenue. Today, not onlv the big office buildings, the mammoth department stores and huge hotels, but the many theatres, restaurants, and loft buildings in this midtown zone, testify to the permanence of this all day, twenty-four hour, business center of New York. . . As the residential communities of Queens Borough have been put in such close touch with this business center by the many new transportation lines east- ward from 34th Street, 42nd Street and 59th Street, can there be any doubt that the largest home building development in New York City will take place in Queens Borough during the next ten years. Knowledge of these facts will quickly convince anyone that Queens is the most convenient home borough of New York City where millions of people will live in health and contentment, in modern dwellings amid beautiful surround- ings, with plrnty of licrht and air. trees and crardcns. Surf B.xthing in the .\tlantic 116 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queexs REMARKABLE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT HAS GIVEN IMPETUS TO RESIDENTIAL GROWTH One of the most important tactors contributing to the present residential growth of Queens is the large number of modern, self-contained, huge industrial plants which have been erected throughout the borough during the past 10 years. Each new industry radiates its influence to every nook and corner of the bor- ough. Long Island City with its waterfront, its rail facilities and its nearness to the great retail centers of Manhattan has become the greatest manufacturing center in New York City. Every new manufacturing concern, establishing either in Long Island City or in other parts of the borough, requires the construction of new homes to house its employees. Tenements and multiple family build- ings are needed nearby for the unskilled wage earners. Detached dwellings and apartments, within convenient travelling distance by trolley, train or rapid transit, are needed for the higher paid skilled mechanics and operatives. For the executives of these same plants. Queens Borough offers every attraction for the establishment of their homes in its many beautiful residential com- munities. A gigantic pent-up metropolis, through the aid of bridges and tunnels, has burst its bonds and a deluge of trade and population is flowing eastward into Queens. The construction of immense industrial plants has drawn workers from all parts of the United States, who must be housed, fed and supplied with Hving necessities, thus creating a demand for new and more local forms of busi- ness. DEMAND FOR HOMES Statistics compiled by the Queensboro Chamber of Commerce of the number of employees in the factories in different sections of the borough, and the location of their residences, show that 50% of these employees live today outside of Queens Borough — in Manhattan, Brooklyn. Bronx or elsewhere. The object of this compilation was to show whether or not an attractive field existed for new home building. The figures demonstrate bej'ond any doubt the necessity for the greatest possible construction of homes of all types in all sections of the borough. A striking illustration of this fact is shown by the figures of just one in- dustry — the Loose-Wiles Biscuit Company, whose huge plant was completed and placed in operation in 1914. In March 1920 this company had 1400 employees, of which 800 lived in Queens Borough and 600 lived elsewhere. Practically every one of the employees who reside in other boroughs have indicated their desire and intention to live in Queens when sufficient housing facilities are pro- vided. New York City 117 Homes like these ix Flusiiinc are being Huii.t ix Maxv Sectioxs ok Queens The present homes of the employees of this company are distributed as follows : — QUEENS BOROUGH 800 Manhattan 35.1 Brooklyn 197 Bronx ' 14 Elsewhere 36 TOTAL 1400 The location of the homes af those who live in Queens Borough are as follows : Long Island City 470 Ridgewood 7 Woodhavcn 3 Woodside 27 Flushing 19 Richmond Hill 23 Winfield 22 College Point 4 Jamaica 53 Corona 80 Whitestone i HoUis 7 Elmhurst 75 Bayside 3 Springfield 6 118 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queexs With this information in mind, as well as the fact that several new in- dustries are establishing each week in Queens Borough, bringing hundreds of new employees into the Borough, it is evident that this is the most attractive held for builders in New York City. It has been estimated that for every dollar spent in the erection of new factories, four dollars must be spent for housing facilities. Although new factory construction has taken place in Queens during the past three years, 1917 to 1919 inclusive, amounting to $19,000,000, which would require, on the foregoing basis, an expenditure of four times that amount, or $76,000,000 for homes; there has been in that same time only $42,000,000 spent in Queens for the construction of additional housing facilities. This proves the necessity for an immediate expenditure of at least $34,000,000 for housing facilities for the employees of those factories, not taking into account the necessity of providing homes for the thousands who now work and live in Manhattan, but who have been attracted to Queens by the operation of new rapid transit lines. $100,000,000 could be spent for that purpose today and still the supply would not meet the present demand. The '"Own-Your-Own-Home" Desire can be Fullfilled ix the New Apartment Houses at Jackson Heights. New York Citv 119 RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT VERY section of Queens Borough, from the East River to the .Atlantic ( )cean and from the Brook. yn Line to Nassau County, is today undergoing rapid transformation. Thousands of resi- dents, who previously lived in Manhattan and Brooklyn, have been attracted to Queens by the operation of its many new rapid transit lines, and other thousands are coming from all over the United States as a result of the establishment of large commercial and manufacturing enterprises. Figures compiled by John W. Moore, Superintendent of the Building Bureau of Queens Borough, show that home construction during the past ten years totaled $138,615,000. The figures for each year are as follows: — Year 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 The fact that during the closing year of the past decade Queens took third place among the five boroughs of New York City in real estate transactions speaks for itself. The total transactions for 1919 amounted to $289,240,000; an increase of 175% over the previous year. This total was made up as follows: Value Year Value $12,069,150 1915 $17,509,644 17,710.344 1916 16,735,719 14,413.915 1917 9,945,696 14,324.215 1918 3,573,175 14,067.365 1919 28,266,709 1919 Sales $178,940,000 Mortgages 63.800.000 New Buildings 46,500.000 1918 $74,300,000 22,500,000 8.860,000 TOTAL $289,240,000 $105,660,000 Five years agq, where there was then a cabbage patch, now looms large apartment houses ; where potatoes were hoed until a year or two ago, are now located streets of attractive homes. On every block throughout the Borough the noise of the hammer and the music of the saw is heard, and yet, with all this building activity, the demand for homes is unprecedented. Queens Borough oflFers the tonic of ocean air, the sweep of breezes over sunlit fields, air untainted by smoke and soot, the charm of nestled bays and the beauty of thousands of acres of natural park land. The character of the residential development taking place throughout Queens may be more conveniently treated in five zones, each representing one of the five Wards, or political sub-divisions, of the Borough. 120 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Airplane view from Laurelton, looking towards Manhattan, showing the proximity of the vast residential areas of Queens Borough to the business and industrial centers of Manhattan and Brooklyn. This great undeveloped territory is only 10 to 20 miles from rennsylvania Station. I Xew York City 121 Here is where the future millions of Xew York City's ever increasiiiEj popu- lation will he housed — with plenty of room for homes with gardens and onlv a short ride on the Long Island Railroad Electric trains, or the rapid transit lines of the city's subway and elevated system. 122 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens FIRST WARD The First Ward, or Long Island City, contains seven and one half square miles, or an area one-third as large as Manhattan Island. Bounded on the south by Newtown Creek, and on the west and north by the East River, it is most advantageously situated from a commercial standpoint. In no other equal area of New York has there been such a tremendous industrial development as that which has taken place in this section during the past ten years. Practically one- half of the factories of Queens Borough are located in Long Island City. It is the eastern terminus of the Queensboro Bridge, joining Manhattan at 59th Street ; it is directly connected with 42nd Street by the Queensboro Subway, and with 59th Street by both the Second Avenue "L" and the new 60th Street tunnel. In this section are the large railroad terminals and shipping facilities of the Long Island Railroad. One-half of its area has been set aside for indus- trial development and the other half for business and residential development. It is of distinct urban character being as favorably situated as that section of Manhattan which lies directly across the East River. As it has superior railroad facilities, it may be safely predicted that Long Island City will constitute the future industrial center of New York City. The new rapid transit lines bring this section much nearer to the distributing agencies in the heart of Manhattan than either the Bush Terminal on the shores of South Brooklyn, the Staten Island waterfront, or that of Jersey City. With twelve stations on the Queensboro Subway and the Astoria and Corona elevated extensions, this entire area will undoubtedly be solidly built up within the next ten years with tenements and multiple family homes, providing living accommo- dations for the thousands who are engaged in the manifold local business enter- prises, and the thousands who, working in Manhattan, can reach homes in this section in less time than it takes to travel to the Bronx or upper Manhattan. Ap.\rtment Houses in Long Island City New York City 123 Long Island City includes the former villages, or communities, known as Astoria, Steinway, Hunters Point, Dutch Kills, Ravenswood and Sunnyside. Building operations now under way, amounting to several million dollars, are but a "drop in the bucket" to what is needed here to house the 40,000 em- ployees of the local industries. The housing requirements of this section can only be met by the construc- tion of block after block of tenements and multiple family dwellings. The un- developed territory adjoining Queens Boulevard, served by the Corona "L," and ■only twelve minutes ride from Grand Central Station, should be built up with homes at once for it is the largest available undeveloped tract nearest the business heart of the city. Model Flats Erected in Long Island City and Ridgewood SECOND WARD The old town of Newtown, now known as the Second Ward, contains an area of 14,084 acres, or 22 square miles, which is exactly the same area as Man- hattan Island. It includes such residential communities as Blissville Forest Hills Maspeth Corona Glendale Middle Village Elmhurst Jackson Heights Ridgewood Evergreen Laurel Hill Woodside Winfield 124 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Gardex Apartments, Jackson Heichts The northern portion, served by the Corona "L", the North Shore Division of the Long Island Railroad, and the trolley lines of the New York & Queens County Railway Company (all of which make direct connections with midtown Manhattan), extends from Long Island City eastward to Flushing Bay and Flushing Creek. The central portion, served by the Main Line of the Long Island Railroad and the Manhattan & Queens trolley line on Queens Boulevard, extends from Elmhurst southward through Forest Hills to Jamaica. The western portion, adjoining Brooklyn, is served by the elevated exten- sions and trolleys from that borough, the Montauk Division of the Long Island Railroad, and, to some extent, by the trolleys of the New York & Queens County Railway. The furthermost point in the Second \\''ard is no further distant from Herald Square than 191st Street in Manhattan, 176th Street in the Bronx, or the Bay Ridge section of Brooklyn. The entire area is sparsely settled and contains thousands of acres as yet untouched, but admirably adapted for the erection of homes. At Jackson Heights, Elmhurst, large modern apartments are now being erected, as well as attractive single family dwellings. In the Woodside, EJm- hurst and Corona sections hundreds of houses of the two family type, tenements and small cottages, suitable for the thrifty industrial workers are under con- struction. Jackson Heights, an apartment development of 350 acres of the Queens- boro Corporation, is one of the brightest spots during the past five years in the real estate horizon of Queens Borough. The progress made in the construction of Garden Apartment houses during that period is but a small start of what will be completed during the next five to ten years. Labor difficulties alone held back, during the past year, the construction of many additional apartment build- ings, which would have relieved to a large extent the present housing shortage. New York City 125 Forest Hills is a high class suburban residential community, including the 500 acre development of the Sage Foundation Homes Company, known as "Forest Hills Gardens" on the west side of the Long Island Railroad tracks ; and the 500 acre development of attractive detached dwellings of the Cord Meyer Development Company on the east side of the Long Island Railroad and ad- joining Queens Boulevard, where hundreds of beautiful homes have been erected during the past ten years for the executives of the industrial and financial insti- tutions of Queens Borough and for the executives whose offices are located in Manhattan. Ridgewood and Evergreen, adjoining the Brooklyn boimdary line, are the most populous portions of the Borough, being built up with multiple family dwellings. A large proportion of those who live in these sections work in Brook- lyn. Several thousand 4, 6 and 8-family apartments have been Iniilt here during the past ten years. Maspeth, Laurel Hill and Blissville, adjacent to Newtown Creek, contain many large manufacturing establishments which require the construction of moderate priced homes to house the employees. At Forest Hills is the \\'est Side Tennis Club where the National Tennis Tournaments have been held each year; also, the unusually attractive Forest Hills Inn adjacent to the railroad station. THIRD WARD Bounded by Flushing Bay and the East River on the north, Nassau County on the east, Jamaica on the south, and Flushing Creek on the west ; this section, with its area of 30 square miles, is almost as large as the Borough of the Bronx, and no further distant from the business center of Manhattan. It includes many attractive residential communities among which are Auburndale College Point Little Xeck Bayside Doiiglaston Malba Beechhurst Flushing Murray Hill Broadway-Flushing Kissena Park \N'hitestone 126 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Flushing is one of the oldest communities in the United States. There are standing today buildings erected 250 years ago. It is noted for its broad, well- paved streets lined with majestic shade trees. Many beautiful residences, some of which are of great historical interest, front upon the older streets. It is an important social and commercial center. It contains a number of important manufacturing establishments, the latest being the Remington Typewriter Com- pany. Kissena Park, adjoining the municipal park of that name containing 90 acres .of woodland and lake, has been built up with hundreds of attractive frame and stucco homes. College Point, next to Long Island City, is the most important industrial center in Queens Borough, including more than 20 factories, the oldest of which is the American Hard Rubber Company, established in 1854. A large proportion of the population is employed locally in these manufacturing plants. While it is well built up with detached dwellings, there is need for the construction of additional homes to house the growing population. It is served by the ^^'hite- stone Branch of the Long Island Railroad and by the New York & Queens County trolley line. Malba, a restricted residential tract, fronts on Powell Cove, an identation of the East River where it broadens into Long Island Sound. It has its own golf course, bathing beach and yacht pier. Many distinctive homes at moderate cost are being erected here. Whitestone, also located on the East River, includes Beechhurst, a residen- tial development located on a high plateau overlooking Long Island Sound. Between Flushing and Bayside are Murray Hill, Bowne Park, Broadway- Flushing, and Auburndale, all of which are rapidly being developed with attrac- tive detached homes. At Broadway-Flushing 225 detached dwellings are now being erected on the property of the Rickert-Brown Companv. Douglaston on Little Xeck Bay, includes Douglaston Park and Douglas Manor, both of which are high class residential developments, the latter upon a peninsula jutting into the Bay. Little Neck Hills, another residential tract, located on the crest of a high hill adjoining Nassau County is being built up with moderate priced single family dwellings. Malra on Long Island Sound Xew York City 127 Type of Homes Uxdek Construction in Second, Third and Fourth Wards FOURTH WARD Bounded by Brooklyn on the west, Nassau County on tlie east, Jamaica Bay on the south and for a distance of two miles on the north by a deeply wooded municipal park; this Ward contains 38 square miles, or an area nearly twice as large as the Borough of Manhattan. The Fourth \\'ard was originally the old township of Jamaica, which was settled in 1656. It includes the following communities : — Aqueduct Howard Beach Queens Brooklyn Manor Hillside Roscdale Bellaire Jamaica Richmond Hill Broad Channel Kevv Gadens St. Albans Clarenceville Laurelton Springfield Dunton Morris Park South Ozone Park Hollis Ozone Park Union Course W'oodhaven Due to the concentration at Jamaica of practically all of the Long Island Railroad lines of traffic, this section has become one of the most important com- mercial, financial, and residential comnumities of Queens Borough. The residential development of the entire Fourth Ward has been due largely to the excellent transportation facilities which connect it with Brooklyn. The Atlantic Avenue Division of the Long Island Railroad, on which both express and local trains operate, enables the residents to transfer conveniently to the subway trains of both the Interborough and B. R. T. in Brooklyn and reach the business centers of Manhattan in less than half an hour. The extension of the B. R. T. elevated system for a distance of four miles on Jamaica Avenue, and for a distance of two miles on Liberty Avenue, has given the majority of residents of this great residential territory rapid transit service for a single fare to the business centers of both Brooklvn and Manhattan. 128 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Jamaica Avenue, extending from the Brooklyn Line at Cypress Hills to the former village of Jamaica, is lined throughout its entire length with stores and tenements. Directly to the north is the highland — the backbone of Long Island — upon which are many beautiful residential developments. Woodhaven has been built up during the past ten years with thousands of small moderate priced detached dwellings. Richmond Hill, just east of Woodhaven, is one of the most attractive resi- dential communities in the Borough. Kew Gardens, to the north of Richmond Hill and adjoining Forest Llills, has been artistically laid out, and from its hills one commands a view of Jamaica Bay and the Atlantic Ocean on the south, while on the north can be seen Flushing Bay, Long Island Sound and the tall buildings of Manhattan. This tract of 350 acres is being developed with high class detached homes. Jamaica, although one of the earliest settlements in the United States, in- cludes many new residential developments, among which are Jamaica-Hillcrest, comprising 200 acres just north of Hillside Avenue on the crest of the hills over- looking the town, and, further to the east, the beautiful residential tract known as Jamaica Estates, comprising 500 acres laid out in a deeply wooded tract. Hollis, Bellaire Park, Holliswood and Queens Village lie between Jamaica and the Nassau County line, and are all attractive residential communities in which are hundreds of detached frame and stucco dwellings. The erection of 500 additional houses in Queens \'^illage is now under way. Street Scene, Richmond Hill. New York City 129 South of the Atlantic Avenue Division of the Long Island Railroad is that immense territory extending to Jamaica Bay, which includes Ozone Park, South Richmond Hill, Morris Park, Howard Beach, Springfield, St. Albans, and Laurelton. The operation of the Liberty Avenue "L" through this section has resulted in the construction of row after row and block after block of moderate priced homes which are sold to eager tenants even before the foundations are com- pleted. Howard Beach is a unique residential development fronting as it docs on Jamaica Bay and on Shellbank Basin— a channel 300 feet wide with a depth of 30 feet — extending inshore for a distance of a mile. Hundreds of bungalows, the homes of all year round residents, have been erected in this ideal residential tract during the past ten years. Laurelton, situated three miles south of Jamaica, is less than 14 miles from Pennsylvania Station. It comprises about 5,000 building lots, more than half of which have already been improved with sidewalks, curbing, water, gas and electricity, parked streets, beautiful trees and shrubbery. The type of homes now being built are single family dwellings of moderate cost. Plans have been pre- pared for the erection of a 200 room apartment hotel. Jamaica Park South, a residential development of 300 acres, is rapidly being built up with attractive detached homes of moderate cost. FIFTH WARD The Fifth Ward comprehends the Rockaway Peninsula, which extends from Far Rockaway (the eastern limit of New York City) westward along a sandy point nearly 10 miles long and approximately half a mile wide, separating Jamaica Bay from the Atlantic Ocean. On this peninsula are many seaside developments including Arvcrne, Belle Harbor, Edgemere, Far Rockaway, Holland, Hammels, Rockaway Beach and Seaside, all of which have been attractively laid out and have all of the con- veniences of the city in the way of street improvements and public service. The Rockaway Peninsula is not only the great summer resort and play- ground of New York City, but has become an all year residential section for hundreds who work in the business sections of the city. All of the built-up section is only 30 to 40 minutes from the business districts in Manhattan via the electric trains of the Long Island Rairoad. From 50 to 75 trains are run each way week days, and twice that number on Sundays during the summer months. In 1785 Tack-a-Pou-Sha, chief of the Rockaway tribe of Indians, and his sachems deeded what was known as Rockaway Neck to John Palmer, a New York merchant. At that time it was a stretch of waste beach and sand dunes, but today the sand dunes have been converted into stucco and mortar, and a veritable City-by-the-Sea has grown up, stretching from Belle Harbor on the west to 130 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Oueexs Nassau County on the east. With its boardwalk on the ocean, its broad macadamed streets, magnificient hotels and handsome residences and public parks, there is no more attractive section in New York Cit}' for either summer homes or all-year-round residences. Seaside, Holland and Hammels are filled with amusement resorts of many kinds, and their hotels and bathing pavilions cater to a floating population that reaches over 100.000 on a summer day. The hotels are filled every season. Arverne, Edgemere and Far Rockaway have not only many modern large hotels but thousands of private dwellings, cottages and boarding houses to accommo- date the vast throng of dwellers. Far Rockaway has a large permanent popu- lation and manv fine business blocks. 1 IP^JO '"■■iBA.^itoil^^ .^— - South Street. F.\r Rock.\way HOMES FOR ALL ^\'ith such a variety of homes from which to choose, it would be strange indeed if any one failed to find an appropriate and convenient spot in which to locate a home in Queens Borough according to their desires. Homes are available not only for factory workers, but for men in every walk of life. — homes for the salaried man and the man in moderate circum- stances, as well as the fine estates and dwellings of the wealthy. Queens possesses unsurpassed attractions for all — for the man who wishes his little garden patch, where his desire for farming can be gratified, or for homes in modern apartment buildings. New York City 131 Thousands of TfiESE Bunt.ai.ows Have Been Built at Rockavvav Beach Queens has been designated as the "Home Borough of New York City" for it is estimated that over 50% of its homes are owned by the occupants. While Queens is essentially a borough of small homes, the cost of land being relativelv cheap when compared with prices in Manhattan, Brooklyn and the Bronx, and while ten years ago the presence of apartment houses was hardly known, yet today hundreds of apartments, ranging from 4 to 10 rooms, can be found in all sections of the Borough. An interesting feature of the realty development of Queens has been the progress in certain areas of restricted property of the construction of single family dwellings ranging in cost from $10,000 to $50,000 each. The occupants, who are usually the owners, have come mainly from Manhattan, desiring the privacy of a home in a detached dwelling, and are able to secure better accommo- dations for the same expenditure of money, or equal accommodations for less monev. d< S 1 m -1 -.'- Homes at Laurelton 132 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens BUILDING DEVELOPEMENT It is only by comparing the building record of Queens Borough for 1919 with that of other cities in the United States that one can realize the full signifi- cance of the wonderful development now taking place within its borders. Plans were filed during 1919 for new buildings, and additions to existing buildings, estimated to cost $50,000,000. Only three cities in the United States outside of New York City — Chicago, Philadephia and Detroit — exceeded Queens Borough in this respect for the past year. CITY PLANS Chicago 6590 Detroit 21473 Philadelphia 14142 Queens Borough 8910 This record was as great as that of the ten largest cities in the State of New Jersey^Jersey City, Newark, Atlantic City, Bayonne, Camden, Passaic, Pater- son, Elizabeth, Trenton and Hoboken. The following tables show the total number of new btiildings for which plans have been filed in Queens Borough since its consolidation as a part of New York; and also the number, classification and value of the plans filed for 1919. Neither table includes the cost of alterations to existing buildings which would add to these totals several millions of dollars. In 1919, alone, plans were filed for 3,699 alterations estimated to cost $3,500,000. ESTIMATED VALUE $105,080,000 82,995.000 63,627,000 46,022,000 Year 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 ipro 1911 1912 1913 1914 1 91 5 1916 ♦1917 *i9i8 1919 1898 — 1919 Inclusive Number 772 1,011 947 i,4S0 1,231 1,321 1,923 3.251 4.070 3.929 3.896 4,7S8 4.133 5,374 4,821 4,646 4.596 5.756 5.331 3.61 1 2,222 8,910 J'aliie $2,538,216 3.341. »; 2,920.991 4.710.492 5.159.979 4.829,929 8..%3.774 1 2,827,960 17,003,216 15.991.259 13.842.300 10.407.921 15.144.377 22,21 2,.?58 19,624,222 17,521,235 18,098.290 20,316,392 20,009,382 11,635,253 6,768,138 46,022,607 TOTAL 69,049 $262,7i9,.V53 *Decrease due to the World War. 1919 Number Classification 5209 Frame Dwellings . 551 Brick Dwellings 48 Frame stores and Dwell- ings 62 Brick Stores and Dwell- ings 2 Frame Tenements 36 Brick Dwellings 7 Brick Stores and Tene- ments 10 Theatres 108 Factories 9 Churches 3 Schools 1 Hotel 41 Storage Warehouses . . . 17 Office Buildings 2235 Garages 99 Stables 553 Other Frame Struc- ture 8910 Estimated Cost $19,987,479 3,774,480 270,050 408,200 10,000 2,739.500 137.000 1,010,200 12,060,900 184,000 458,000 500,000- 1,151,600 353.900 2,796,077 6.7SO 174.551 $46,022,687 Whv Queens is callei. the "Borol<;h uk 11,.mk... ■ Tuk >,^ Homes .n Jamaica, Illshing DOLGLASTON, KeW GaRPENS, FoREST UlLLS ANU OTHER SECTIONS OF QuEEXS BoROUCH. ' 134 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens While the value of new buildings constructed for 1919 was more than twice as great as the largest previous year, which was in 1911, when $22,212,258 in new buildings were erected ; the comparison to be a fair one should include the increased cost of building construction in 1919 as compared with 1911. Never- theless it is eloquent testimony from the home builders, manufacturers and in- vestors as to their faith in Queens Borough when such an amount is spent in one year in the face of the high cost of building. The following table, compiled from data prepared each year by the Long Island Railroad, gives an estimate of the number of buildings constructed in the various sections of Queens Borough for the past ten years. These figures are simply the number of buildings, irrespective of their character, size or valuer- Total 1909-1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1909-1919 Arverne 414 95 119 86 53 317 1084 .'kuburndale 6 6 — 5 — 10 27 Bayside 560 74 37 12 2 33 718 Broad Channel — 58 44 42 — — 144 Broadway-Flushing & Murray Hill . . . 288 45 86 23 6 57 505 Biishwick Junction. Maspeth & Middle Village 1259 3/7 15 — — — 1651 College Point 554 73 113 60 20 30 850 Corona 2095 134 190 100 S 73 2600 Douglaston 177 18 48 2 — 34 279 Dunton 483 55 55 31 15 17 662 Edgemere 185 ^y 34 19 80 815 1 160 Elmhurst 912 332 132 208 22S 402 2214 Far Rockaway 429 42 34 9 14 8 536 Flushing 1573 265 186 232 4 40 2300 Forest Hills 456 88 102 58 3 58 765 Fresh Pond — — — 4 9 68 81 HoUis 365 44 160 10 21 loi 701 Howard Beach 47 29 50 31 — 48 205 Jamaica 3247 410 450 300 44 530 5081 Kew Gardens 192 41 50 28 25 66 402 Laurelton (Rosedale) 50 11 3 11 6 29 113 Laurel Hill 45 6 9 12 — — 72 Little Xeck 57 22 10 10 3 25 136 Long Island City 2290 504 313 212 269 200 37S8 Malba 60 9 9 6 — 39 123 Morris Park 702 190 170 85 34 65 1246 Queens — Bellaire 279 53 52 24 40 281 729 Richmond Hill 1935 530 216 162 30 175 3048 Ridgewood and Glendale 679 630 532 97 9 — 1947 Rockaway Beach 2461 326 451 425 i 267 3931 St. .\lbans 89 14 19 10 8 34 174 Springlneld 266 38 40 50 — 75 469 Whitestone 370 38 49 22 — 91 570 Winfield 551. 27 18 14 5 18 633 Woodhaven ("Sect.) 2189 476 455 391 55 830 4396 Woodside 86 19 23 19 2 2 151 New York City 135 BANKS OMMUNITIES may be measured by various standards ; by pro- duction, by consumption and by conservation of capital. A comparison is given berewith of tbe increase during a seven- year period, 1913-1920, in the resources and deposits of the banking institutions which serve the business and residential interests of Queens Borough. The most important recent development in the banking facilities of the Bor- ough has been the recognition on the part of the large iinancial institutions, whose main offices are downtown Manhattan, of the business opportunities which exist in New York's fastest grow- ing borough. Although both t h e Corn Exchange Bank and the Title Guarantee and Trust Company maintained several branches in Queens for many years past, three 1 UL .'V.MEKKW.N' 1 KUSX Ll-K. i.\MAlC.\ The B.\.\k ni rui. .M.\xii.\tt.\x Co., J.\M.\ICA. lecent mergers have been effected whii-h will still further increase the banking facilities of the borough. The Queens L'ounly Trust Company has been merged with the American Trust Company; The Bank of Long Island has been merged with one of New \'ork's oldest financial institutions — The l^iank of the Manhattan Com- ])any ; and the Irving Trust Company, which maintains a branch in Long Island City, has become a part of the New York National Irving Bank. 136 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens There are today, thirty-six banking offices in Queens Borough. Of this number four are savings banks, four trust company banks, nine national banks and nineteen state banks. All of the savings banks, eight of the national banks and one state bank are distinctly Queens Borough financial institutions. This leaves twenty-three banks which are branches of trust companies, state banks and nationals banks whose main offices are in the heart of the financial district of Manhattan. The Bank of the Manhattan Company recently acquired a large plot at Ful- ton and Union Hall Streets, Jamaica, where a handsome new main office will be erected. The Long Island City Savings Bank has just completed the construction of one of the finest bank buildings in the borough, and the Title Guarantee and Trust Company is now erecting a new bank and office building at Bridge Plaza, Long Island City. The growth of the financial institutions serving Queens is perhaps the best index of the growth of the borough, not only in population and industry, but in commerce and building development ; in fact, in every phase of business pros- perity. SAVINGS BANKS Resources Deposits 1920 1913 1920 1913 Long Island City Savings $15,160,000 $7,194,000 $13,459,000 $6,603,000 Jamaica Savings 9,127,000 5,264,000 8,403,000 4,960,000 Queens County Savings (Flushing) 6,365,000 3,536,000 5,892,000 3,251,000 College Point Savings 2,756,000 1,601.000 2,519,000 1,453,000 ^^-~- W> . '. The Bridge Plaza — The financial center of Long Island City. Here are the New York National Irving Bank, The American Trust Company and the Corn Exchange Bank (Plaza Branch). New York City 137 STATE BANKS Resources Deposits ig20 1913 1920 1913 (a) Bank of the Manhattan Co. $253,359,900 ?8.6i!.ooo $200,200,-00 $7,274,000 (b) Corn Exchange Bank 211,670,000 82,021.000 184,767,000 73,087,000 Hillside (Richmond Hill).. 1,900,000 627,100 1,800,000 490,500 TRUST COMPANIES (c) .^merican Trust Co $12,285,000 $2,877,000 $10,817,000 $1,969,600 (d) Title Guarantee & Trust Co. 56,175,000 45,636,000 35,380,000 28,160,000 NATIONAL BANKS (e) N. Y. National Irving Bank. $82,000,000 $17,367,000 $75,741,000 $14,971,000 Bayside National ' 1,270,000 296,300 1,300,000 234,700 Flushing National 1,299,000 422.400 602,000 202,600 Jamaica, First National 3,380,000 9S6.400 3,190,000 809,200 Ozone Park, First National.. 1,935,000 685.400 1,764,000 555.70O Whitestone, First National.. 689.000 282.800 418,000 186,900 Far Rockaway National 1.979,000 848,000 1.783,000 741,800 Ridgcwood National 6,235,700 1.225,100 4.539.400 971,000 (f) First Nat'l of Richmond Hill 1,924,000 1.733,000 ■ (a) 1913 figures are those of the former Bank of Long Island. Main office in Queens Borough is at Jamaica. Other branches are maintained at Long Island City Kidgcvvond Flushing Corona Fresh Pond Road Far Rockaway Elmhurst Richmond Hill Rockaway Beach College Point Woodhaven Seaside (b) Four branches in Long Island City and one in Flushing. (c) 1913 figures are those of former Queens County Trust Company. Branches in Jamaica and Long Island City. (d) Branches are located in Long Island City and Jamaica. (e) 1913 figures are those of the former Broadway Trust Company, w^hich later became the Irving Trust Company and now the New York National Irving Bank. (f) IncnrpiiratccI April hjjo. Photograph taken .April 1920 shows new Long Island City Savings Bank Building, the First Mortgage Guarantee Company new building, the Title Guar- antee and Trust Co. building upon which construction work had just started, and Long Island City branch of The Bank of the Manhattan Company. 138 Chamber of Comjierce of the Borough of Queens LIGHT, HEAT AND POWER The development of a modern community is dependent upon an adequate supply of electricity and gas for power, heating and lighting purposes. It is an advantage from an industrial standpoint to be able to obtain reliable electric power from a central station source of supply for the operation of machinery and for the lighting of factories and homes. Gas for heating and power pur- poses, as well as lighting, is economical and dependable. ELECTRIC COMPANIES The New York and Queens Electric Light and Power Company, whose main offices are on the Bridge Plaza, Long Island City, serves the First, Second, Third and Fourth Wards of the Borough; while the Queensboro Gas and Electric Company, whose offices are in Far Rockaway, serves the Fifth. The total out- put of these two companies increased from 15,000,000 kilowatt hours in 1911 to 66,000,000 kilowatt hours in 1919. The New York and Queens Electric Light and Power Company was formed in 1900 by the consolidation of the various companies operating in the former towns in Queens County prior to its becoming part of Greater New York. The Queensboro Gas and Electric Company was formed in 1902 and serves not only the Rockaway Peninsula (Fifth Ward), but also a part of Nassau County. Electricity supplied by a central station requires no investments for engines, generators and auxiliaries and for the floor space which they occupy. It does away with the cost of fuel, labor supply, fire regulations and increased taxes and insurance. It is reliable, safe, clean, efficient and economical. Electricty is supplied to all parts of Queens Borough at rates which compare favorably with those of any city on the Atlantic coast generating power by steam. The system of the New York and Queens Electric Light and Power Company is inter-con- nected with the electric power systems located in Manhattan and Brooklyn, thus insuring against break-downs. Exceptional facilities are offered to manufac- turers and residents for power and light. Detailed rates may be obtained upon application to the Companies. GAS COMPANIES Illuminating gas for lighting, heating and industrial uses is supplied to resi- dents and manufacturers of the Borough by several diiTerent companies. The total production of gas manufactured in the Borough increased from 6.000,000 M. cubic feet in 1911 to 30,000,000 M. cubic feet in 1919. The immense plant of the Astoria Light, Heat and Power Company, cover- ing an area of 350 acres, is located in the extreme northwest section of Long Island City. All of its output is sold to he Consolidated Gas Company of New York which supplies the Boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx. This plant is said to be the largest of its kind in the world and represents an outlay of more than $100,000,000. New York City 139 The entire nine units of which the plant will ultimately be composed will have a capacity of 250,000,000 cubic feet daily. It is now producing 50,000,000 cubic feet daily, and, with the new unit which is now under construction, will pro- duce 80,000,000 cubic feet per day within a short time. The First Ward (Long Island City) is supplied by the East River Gas Com- pany, a subsidiary of the New Amsterdam Company ; the former being the dis- tributing company, and the latter the manufacturing company, which in addition to supplying Long Island City, supplies a large amount to Manhattan. Its plant is located on \'ernon Avenue and East River at the foot of Webster .Avenue. The Newtown Gas Company, which serves the Second Ward, and the Woodhaven Gas Light Company, the Richmond Hill Gas Light Company and the Jamaica Gas Light Company, which serve the Fourth \\'ard, are all sub- sidiaries of the Brooklyn Union Gas Company. The Third Ward is served by the New York and Queens Gas Company a subsidiary of the Consolidated Gas Company of New York. The Fifth \\'ard is served by the Queens Borough Gas and Electric Company which manufactures both gas and electricity. TELEPHONES In 1910, 47.750 messages were sent daily from 9.613 telephones in Queens Borough, as compared with 92,167 messages from 24,203 telephones in 1915, and 186,125 messages sent daily from 40,834 telephones in 1920. In other words, in 1920 the total number of calls will approximate 68,000,000 (136 per capita) as compared with 17,000,000 calls in 1910 (60 per capita). This is an increase of 300% and affords a striking picture of the rapid growth of the Borough in the past decade as indicated by the development of its telephone system. To serve the telephone users of Queens, the New York Telephone Company now maintains in the borough five Commercial Offices and twelve Central Offices. The commercial offices are located in Long Island City, Jamaica, Flushing, Far Rockaway and Richmond Hill. The central offices are Astoria, Bayside, Far Rockaway, Flushing, Forest Hills, Hammels, HoUis, Hunters Point, Jamaica. Newtown, Richmond Hill and Springfield. At the present time the Telephone Company is carrying out a large program of expansion in Queens Borough, which calls for the immediate expenditure of several millions of dollars. In the past five years the Telephone Company has spent three and a half millions of dollars to extend and improve its plant in Queens, and expects to spend over five million dollars in the next five years for further extensions to care for the business, residence and manufacturing develop- ments of the Borough. This program involves the construction of new cable and pole lines and large additions to the Astoria, Richmond Hill, Far Rockaway and Hammels Central Ofiice Buildings and the enlargement of the switchboards in the Astoria, New- 140 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queexs town, Jamaica, Richmond Hill, Hammels, Flushing, Bayside and Far Rockaway Central Offices. This work is designed to build up the telephone system in Queens to meet all demands for service during the next few years. As it is generaly known, when the United States entered the World War, the Government ruled that the commercial telephone business was a non-essential industry. Under that ruling there was no telephone construction for two years except for meeting the needs of the government and war industries. In the same period the Telephone Company's reserve supply of spare facilities which enabled it in normal years to meet all demands for service promptly, was used up. When the Armistice was signed there began a tremendous boom in business accompanied by a record-breaking demand for telephone service. The Telephone Company had not sufficient spare facilities available for meeting this demand and although it accomplished a great deal during 1919 in furnishing the .needed new facilities it by no means met the demand in full. The Company's 1920 program outlined above tells its own story of the Com- pany's efiforts to regain the ground lost during the war. It is sparing neither money nor elifort to expand its facilities and working organization, so that it can restore the telephone service in Queens Borough to its former high standards. jxiliis f^ii ■1 ■1^ d^Hsft^ * ■ 1 1 ^^ Jamaica Exchaxge and Commercial Office. Xewtowx Exchaxge Just Completed at Elm hurst. New York City 141 i i GOVERNMENT HE chief executive of the Borough of Queens is the Borough President. The Presidents of the Boroughs are elected every four years at the same time as the Mayor, Comptroller, and the President of the Board of Aldermen, and the present term expires December 31st, 1921. The Presidents of the Boroughs are also members of the Board of Estimate, which controls the finances of the city. The President of the Borough presides over all local boards, which are empowered to initiate such improvements as grading and pav- ing streets and constructing sewers, subject to the approval of the Board of Esti- mate if they involve an assessment. All petitions for local improvements should be addressed to the President of the Borough for presentation to the local board having jurisdiction. The President of the Borough has cognizance and control of all matters relating to the improvement and repair of public buildings within the Borough except schools, hospitals, fire and police stations. He is empowered to exercise the supervision vested in the city over the construction of new buildings, except such powers as are directly vested in the Tenement House De- partment. The Borough President may appoint a Commissioner of Public Works, whose duty it is to discharge all the administrative powers of the President re- lating to streets, sewers, public buildings and schools. In addition to other powers, the President of the Borough of Queens has jurisdiction over the clean- ing of streets, the removal of ashes and garbage, and the preparation of the topographical map. Borough Government Office Name Address President Maurice E. Connolly Long Island City .'Secretary Joseph Flanagan Private Secretary Hugh Hall Commissioner of Public Works F. X. Sullivan Asst. Commissioner of Public Works VV. A. Shipley Consulting Rnqineer Clifford B. Moore Supt. of Buildings J. W. Moore " " Sewers j. R. Higgins " " Street Cleaning Daniel Fntholdt " " Public Buildings Joseph Sullivan F.ng. Topograf'hical Bureau C. U. Powell Su}>t. of Highways John J. Kindred County Government Office Name County Judge Burt Jay Humphrey .... Sheriff William N. George . . . District Attorney Denis O'Leary Commissioner of Jurors T. C. McKennee County Clerk Edward \V. Cox Surrogate Daniel Noble Public Administrator Randolph White " Coroners Dr. H. W. Neail Dr. W. H. Xammack Far Rockaway Address Long Island City Jamaica 142 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens City of New York Municipal Government Board of Estimate and Apptortionmcnt Mayor Name Address Mayor J. F. Hylan City Hall, Xew York, X. Y. Comptroller Charles L. Craig Municipal Bldg. " President Board of Aldermen. ¥'mre\\o H. La Guardia City Hall " Boro. of Manhattan. Henry H. Curran Municipal Bldg. " " " Bron.r . . . . M. Bruckner 3rd Ave., 177th St., Bronx " " Brooklyn . Edw. Riegelman Borough Hall, Brooklyn " " Queens . . . Maurice E. Connolly " " L. I. City " " Richmond .C. D. Van Name ...Xew Brighton. S. I. City Departments Commissioner Plant & Structures Grover A. Whalen .Municipal Bldg., Xew York Docks & Ferries Murray Hulbert Pier A, North River " Park^ {Queens) V. C. Benninger ..Forest Pk., Richm'd Hill, L. I. Health Dr. R. S. Copeland Centre & Walker Sts., X. Y. Charities B. S. Coler Municipal Bldg., Xew York Licenses J. F. Gilchrist 57 Center St. " Ta.v & Assessments J. A. Cantor .Municipal Bldg., Water Supply, Gas & Electricity^. J. Hayes Municipal Bldg., " Deputy Commissioner ' James Butler Municipal Bldg., L. I. City (Queens) Fire Commissioner T. J. Drennan Municipal Bldg., Xew York Police Richard Enright 240 Centre St., " Tenement House Frank Mann Municipal Bldg., Corporation Counsel \Vm. P. Burr Municipal Bldg., " Legislative Department The legislative power of the city is vested in the Board of Aldermen, the members of which are elected every two years, and the President of the Board, and the Presidents of the five Boroughs. The following are the Aldermen from the Borough of Queens : NeK'town District ' District Name Address Sixtieth Samuel J. Burden Long Island City Sixty-first H. A. .•\lwell Glendale Si.vty-second F. J. Schmitz College Point Jamaica District Sixty-third C. .\. Post Flushing Sixty-fourth W. B. Hazelwood Richmond Hill New York State Legislature Senate The County of Queens constitutes the Second and Third Senate District for the State of New York. District Name .-Iddress Second J. L. Karle Ridgewood Third P. J. McGarry Long Island City Assembly Assembly District Name .4ddress First P. A. Leininger Long Island City Second B. Schwab Ridgewood Fourth E. J. Neary Corona Third N. M. Pette Tamaica Fifth R. Halpern Richmond Hill Sixth H. Baum Union Course Federal Government House of Representatives First F. C. Hicks Port \\ashington Second C. P. Caldwell ....'. Forest Hills United States Senate : — William E. Calder James W. Wadsworth New York City 143 QUEENS--A BOROUGH OF VAST RESOURCLS By Maurice E. Connolly President of the Borough of Queens There is no more interesting example of community development than that presented by the changes wrought in the Borough of Queens in the last ten years. If anv one were to picture in his mind the borough as it was at the end of the last decade and compare it with the borough as it is today, it would seem as though Aladdin with his wonderful lamp had transformed it. Ten years ago the Borough of Queens consisted of a collection of villages more or less disconnected. It was joined to Manhattan by ferries that ran in- termittently. The Queensboro Bridge had just been opened as a toll bridge, but no trolleys were operating on it and traffic was very small indeed.' Many of the streets in the borough were almost impassable with prolonged disrepair. Rapid transit was not even anticipated. Our population was only 280,000. The in- dustrial products of the Borough were worth but $150,000,000 per year. The total value of the real estate of the borough as shown upon the tax books was $293,235,905. The borough had no comprehensive sewer system. It had only a few local sewers in Long Island City, Flushing, Jamaica and other villages. Gar- bage was disposed of by most primitive and unsanitary methods. Street were uncared for, unsightly and dirty. The city map, which is the plan and basis upon which all public improvements are based, was but 24 per cent complete. There was no unity of purpose, each independent community shifted for it- self, and the undeveloped areas between were cared for by no one. And what of today ! The arms to two systems of rapid transit have been constructed with routes in the borough. Direct transit connection with Man- hattan has at last been accomplished, and for the first time in its history Queens can be reached from Manhattan and the Bronx for a single fare. The elevated transit systems of Brooklyn have been extended well into the borough, and the trolley lines have been greatly improved. Many of the important arterial high- ways were paved for the first time since consolidation, this pavement work being paid for by the city at large. The borough now houses more than 1500 factories with products worth $248,000,000 per year. There has been a great inrush of people looking for homes. Practically every house in the borough is tenanted, and great numbers of buildings are in course of construction, despite the high prices of materials, in an attempt to house those who are clamoring to come here. No more striking proof of the confidence of large capital in the future of this borough can be oflfered than the substantial character of the improvement re- cently constructed by the Pennsylvania Railroad and the New York Connecting Railroad. During the last ten years the Borough of Queens has laid, repaved and resurfaced 146 miles of streets. In all, it has constructed approximatelv $10,- 200.000 worth of public improvements. There has been prepared and adopted 144 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens final maps for 22,800 acres. Building operations have increased tremendously. The Zoning Law has been established, so that there is now no haphazard building. The intensive development of Manhattan being precluded, the natural outlet for the overflow of building development is into Queens. The house refuse and street cleaning wastes are disposed of in a scientific manner, in the most modern of model disposal plants. These plants are so located as to create the minimum disadvantage to the communities they serve, great care having been exercised in the selection of their sites. Mosquito breeding meadows have been reclaimed into broad acres, which will soon be covered with model factories. Some of the finest residential suburbs in the world are located in the borough. The Queens-Boule- vard and the [amaica Bay Boulevard projects are in such a condition that they can be physcially improved at any time, the only reason why the construction has been delayed being the unsettled conditions resulting from the war. During the past ten years the borough has grown beyond the expectations of most of us and during the next ten years wonderful growth is almost certain to be experienced, when some of our plans begin to bear fruit. Large capital and industries have, by their reception, been given confidence in the manner in which the public improvements are being carried out and important work is in progress. It is a matter of common knowledge that, due to its natural advantages, its close proximity to the business and pleasure centres of Manhattan, its healthful and attractive environment, the topographic and geographic formation, Queens must ultimately be the greatest of the five boroughs. It contains, complete in itself, residences for the laborers, mechanics and owners ; and factories to supply work for all. There are freight and water terminal facilities, and every natural ad- vantage that a commercial city should possess. The growth of the borough is progressing upon sound, natural and stable lines. We have emerged frorri the war and are marching on into the greatest prosperity which this borough has ever known. American H.\rd Rubber Co., College Point. Established 1854. New York Citv 145 MORTGAGES More than $200,000,000 was invested in mortgages on Queens Borough im- proved and unimproved property during the past ten years. The title companies have been the most active lenders, although the savings banks and building and loan associations have put out large sums. These loans are made to investors who acknowledge the firm basis upon which loans are made in Queens and the value of the Borough real estate. The figures given in this article indicate that real estate in Queens Borough is upon a satisfactory basis. Viewed from the standpoint of a real estate developer and investor, and those who are promoting the advancement of Queens Borough, it is a more than satisfactory situation. Realty Trust Mortgages Mortgages Year ending July ist, 1912 $25,493,973 $ i,S,534.7SO ", 1913 23,768,190 309,168.592 " " , 1914 18,870,093 45.068,457 " ", 191S 19.371.757 52,287,042 '• Dec. 31st. 1916 21,519,811 30,519,811 " " ", 1917 16,326,260 272,300 " " " , 1918 10,052,067 796,799 1st to Aug. 1st, 1919 10,980,054 704,600 Jat AREA The Borough of Queens is not only the largest of the five boroughs of New York City, but is larger than every city in the United States except Los Angeles, New Orleans, Chicago and Philadelphia. It has exactly the same area as the County of London, England, in which there is a population of 4,500,000. Queens Borough contains 117.36 square miles, or 75,111 acres, and repre- sents 37.4% of the total area of New York City. It is more than five times as large as Manhattan, nearly three times as large as the Bronx, and is almost as large as Brooklyn and Richmond combined. Area In Acres In Square Miles Per Cent of Total Queens 75.' n ""-36 37-4 Brooklvn 49.68o 77-62 24.7 Richmond 36,600 57-19 i^-2 .Manhattan 14.038 21.93 O-** The Bronx 26,017 40.65 12.9 Total 201,446 314-75 1000 Are.\ of Queens Borough by Wards Acres Ward Upland Under Water Total Square Miles First 4.740.6 4.740.6 7.41 Second 13.968.7 "6.0, 14.084.7 22.01 Third 19,3552 i49-0 19.504-2 30-47 Fourth 25,189.2 5.610.8 30,800.0 38.12 Fifth 3.920.7 2,060.7 S.981-4 9-3S Totals 67,174.4 7.936.5 7S.1 10.9 1 17-36 Included in Queens Borough are 1186 acres (2 square miles) of municipal parks; 1960 acres (3 square miles) of cemeteries; and 7936 (12>4 square miles) 146 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Oueexs of land under water ; leaving a balance of 100 square miles available for resi- dential and industrial development. The fact that not only one-half of this area is within 10 miles of the business center of New York, and that more of Queens Borough is within that distance than any other borough is shown by the follow- ing table : From Grand Central Terminal 1 Mile Circle 2 " 3 " 4 " 5 " " 6 " 7 " 8 " 9 " 10 " Square Miles Queens Brooklyn Bronx Manhattan — — — 2.63 1.22 0.42 — 7.85 4.12 2.10 — 12.18 8.46 545 — 15.01 14.09 10.41 0.70 16.81 20.29 16.46 2.89 17.75 26.16 22.7s 6.6s 18.51 33.68 31.62 11.26 19.30 43-13 41.39 16.70 20.16 .S3-QI SO.41 24.13 20.20 POPULATION Not more than twelve cities in the United States exceed Queens Borough in population, for it has a population in 1920 of approximately 500,000. It jumped from 25th place in 1900 to 19th place in 1910, and it is expected that it will ex- ceed every other city except New York, Philadelphia and Chicago by 1930, when, without doubt, it will have a population of 1,000,000, as a result of the great influx of homeseekers, due to the great industrial development and the operation of its many new rapid transit lines. Although the United States Census figures for 1920 were not available when this publication was printed, the following tabulation gives an estimate of the population in the various communities included in Queens Borough. Est. Pol>ulat on Est. Population Community 1920 Community 1920 Long Island City 90.000 Richmond Hill 50,000 Ridgewood 70,000 Jamaica 40,000 Corona 40.000 Woodhaven 30,000 Elmhurst 18,000 Ozone Park- 16,000 Woodside-Winfield 13.000 Queens 4.500 Forest Hills 3.000 Hollis 4,000 Flushing 35,000 Springfield-St. Albans 3,000 College Point 16,000 Laurelton 3.000 Whitestone 7,000 Seaside 7,900 Bayside 7,000 Far Rockaway 25,000 Douglaston 1,400 Hammels 15,000 Little Neck 1,200 WATER SUPPLY A large proportion of Queens Borough (particular the First and Third Wards) is supplied by the famous Catskill Water System, insuring the very finest water for drinking purposes as well as manufacturing uses. One big main has a capacity of 40,000,000 gallons per day. Among the private water companies which furnish various sections of the Borough are : — fa) Citizen's Water Supply Company, Second Ward; (b) Jamaica Water Supply Company and Woodhaven Supply Company, Fourth Ward ; (c) Queens County Water Company which supplies the Fifth \\'ard. New York City 147 ASSESSED VALUATION AND TAX RATE The amazing growth of the Borough of Queens since it became a part of New York City is shown by the following tables which set forth the increase in the assessed valuation of land and improvements. The increase in the total assessed valuation from $103,752,000 in 1899 to 8636,409.000 in 1920 or a total increase of $532,657,000 in 21 years (an average per year of $25,370,000). is the result of the hundreds of new industrial estab- lishments and the thousands of new homes which have been constructed in the borough during that tiine. The total assessed valuation has almost doubled since 1910. and is today greater than that of Brooklyn when that borough became a part of New York City. Year Total Real Estate Value of Tax Rate Assessment Improvements Per $100 1899 $ 103.752,600 Xo $ 3.27 1900 1 901 104,427,772 107,179,620 Separate 2.34 2.35 1902 108,850.704 Value 2.31 1903 123,781,723 Given 1-47 1904 131,379.723 $ 45,147,250 1-57 190S 140,404.990 50,113,225 1-55 1906 159,446.205 65.144,845 1-55 1907 2T 7.668.775 73.354-150 1-53 1908 296.45f-'.o8o 88.111.404 1.66 1909 30.S. 1 12.605 06.557.609 1.72 1910 334,563,960 107.770.243 1.81 1911 446,569.352 131.268.935 1-73 1912 456,750.530 140,794.500 1.84 1913 477.702,836 156.026.337 i.8s 1914 488.686.756 166.008.357 i.8g 191S 509.515.978 180.899.338 i.Q."; 1916 5.^9.394.614 198.002.225 2.06 1917 569.865.007 262.163.139 2.09 1918 591.590.075 279.616.500 2.41 1919 604.827,476 292.249,696 2.37 1920 636,409,159 317,182,349 2.54 .ASSESSED VALUATIONS BY WARDS 1910 1920 Increase Ward I $ 73-492,875 $130,570,550 $ 66.077,675 Ward 2 70.671,120 156.170,525 85.499.405 Ward ^ 50.850.550 78.637.570 27.787.020 Ward 4 85.836,985 141,768,020 55.931,03s Ward 5 27,099,030 53.547,910 26.448.880 Real Estate $307,950,560 $569,694,575 $261,744,015 Real Estate if Corporations 11.695,500 37,577,450 25.881.850 Special Frar ichises 14.917,800 29,137.134 14,219,334 Total S334.563.060 $6.^6.409,150 $301,845,199 ASSESSED VAEUATION— NE\V YORK CITY Borough 1899 1920 Increase Per Cent Inc. Queens $ 103,751,600 $ 636,409,159 $ 532 •657.559 513 Bronx 123,702.030 753. 308.264 620 .606.234 509 Brooklyn 600.822.267 1.937,811,205 1.327 .088.938 219 Richmond 40.265.464 111,821.102 71 .5.55.728 177 Manhattan 2.054.903.875 5,186,771,887 ,^I3l .868,012 153 \ew York City $2,932,445,464 $8,626. 1 2 1 . 707 $5,693,676,243 194 148 CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE BOROUGH OF QUEENS CITY OF NEW YORK (Incorporated April, 1911.) 'To Promote the General Welfare of the Borough of Queens, City of Neztf York, and to Foster Its Commerce." EXECUTIVE OFFICES Bridge Plaza, Long Island City, New York City. Telephone, Astoria 2500. The officers and directors of the Chamber for the year 1920-21 are: — President, H. Pushae Williams, Vice-President, James E. Clonin, Vice-President, George H. Willcockson, Treasurer, P. A. Rowley, Secretary, Walter I. Willis, SENIOR COUNCIL William H. Williams, President Robert W. Higbie, Charles G. M. Thomas, George J. Ryan, " Term Expires 1922 John H. Penchoen Edward Roche Edward A. MacDougall Charles G. Meyer John W. Rapp EXECUTIVE STAFF Walter I. Willis Term Expires 1921 'J'heodore Steinway George C. Dickel Ray Palmer Michael J. Degnon Tohn F. Galvin Flushing Long Island City Elmhurst Jamaica Flushing 1911-13 1913-15 1915-17 1917-19 Term Expires 1923 John Adikes John M. Demarest Stuard llirschman Henry J. Mullen Morris L. Willets Secretary Mgr. Traffic & Industrial Bureaus Ass't Secretary Ass't Secretary Ass't Secretary P. W. Moore John J. Sonderman Percival Mullikin E. R. Hudson A LuN'CHEON Club Adjoins Ch.\mber Offices and Club Room. Clul Room — For Meetings and Pri- vate Conferences, Adjoins the Executive Offices. 149 WHY ARE 650 BUSINESS MEN AND PUBLIC SPIRITED CITIZENS OF QUEENS BOROUGH MEMBERS OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE REASON I— The Traffic Bureau This Bureau is organized to render to members a service of information and advice regarding rates, routes, classifications, claims and any problems which may arise in connection with the shipment of goods. It is constantly operating to protect the Borough of Queens from undue discrimination in transportation mat- ters and to safeguard the interests of Queens Borough business men in all matters relative to the general adjustment of rates. Monthly meetings of the "Traffic Club" are held for the discussion and solution of mutual shipping problems. REASON 2— The Industrial Bureau Clears all industrial information concerning Queens ; renders service to established manufacturers and to those seeking a location for their plants in this vicinity. The Industrial Manager cooperates with real estate owners and brokers to make such a space available. The Bureau maintains on record all of the in- dustrial plants in Queens Borough. The "Personnel Managers' Club," which holds monthly meetings, at which problems of employment, housing, welfare, sanitation, "turnover," and other labor questions are discussed by the individuals responsible for such work in the factories of Queens. REASON 3 — The Chamber is only representative organization of the Borough of Queens including in its membership men from every section of the Borough, who are interested in the industrial, financial, commercial, residential, and gen- eral development of Queens Borough. REASON 4 — The Chamber promotes your prosperity by advancing the business interests of Queens Borough. REASON 5 — It protects members from unjust exactions. REASON 6 — It promotes business friendship and thereby lessens, removes, or prevents friction and misunderstanding between business men. REASON 7 — It broadens business men's views on government and business. REASON 8 — Secures important improvements. City, state and national offi- cials recognize organized business men and when the Chamber recommends improvements to transit facilities, waterfront, highways and other important matters, its recommendations are received favorably and given thorough con- sideration. REASON 9 — Queensborough Magazine Publishes each month the Queensborough jMagazine which reports the rapid growth of the Borough, which at the present time has no counterpart anywhere else in New York City. REASON 10 — Committees A dozen standing committees are working constantly for the interests of Queens' business men and dealing with transit, waterway development, manu- facturing, borough planning, highways, legislation, arbitration, schools parks sewers, water and housing. In addition there are manv Special Committees working on specific problems. 150 Chamber of CoiixiERCE of the Borough of Queexs to . o a o ^ o ^ —I 2 O -^ I— 5 u o o Pi O New York City 151 MEMBERSHIP (April 22, 1920) Name Address Business Elected James H. Abraham N. Y. City Vice-Pres. Mayer & Loewenstein Oct. 8,1915 *H. L. Adams \V. Ft. Lee, N. J.. Selznick Pictures Corp Oct. 20,1919 J. A. Adamson N. Y, City District Engineer, Lockwood, Greene & Co. (Arcliitects, Engineers and Constructors) ... .Feb. 3, 1919 John Adikes Jamaica Flour and Feed Merchant Charter •Frederick H. Adler L. I. City Auditor, ^lantiattan & Queens Traction Co.... June 16,1916 *0. G. Alexander Jamaica Asst. Cashier, Bank of the Manhattan Co Dec. 15,1916 E. D. Anderson L. I. City Pres. E. D. Anderson, Inc Feb. 28, 1918 Bob Andrews L. I. City American Lead Co Apr. 22, 1920 Charles Lee Andrews Flushing DeCoppet & Doremus (Member N. Y. Stock Exchange) Feb. 16, 1912 Wallace V. Andrie Brooklyn Knickerbocker Ice Co Feb. 28,1918 Victor Anthenill L. I. City Millwright and Engineer Apr. 22,1920 •Harold II. Anthony L. I. City Clonin & Messenger Mar. 8, 1917 Edward D. Appleton L. I. City VicePres., J. F. Tapley Co Juno 16, 1916 Walter D. Appleyard L. I. City Treas., New York Consolidated Card Co Mar. 8,1917 James C. Archer Jamaica Real Estate Auctioneer June 18, 1918 F. E. Armstrong Richmond Hill. . .Coal and Wood June 18, 1918 B. L. Atwater Brooklyn VicePres., Wm. Wrigley, Jr., Co Dec. 6,1918 George Atwell L. I. City Pres., Northeastern Supply Co. (Lumber) Nov. 20, 1917 Martin Bacli Brooklyn Pres., Quezal Art Glass & Decorating Co June 18, 1918 F. Eugene Backus Forest Hills Coal and Wood May 12, 1919 Isaac Baer. L. I. City Weisberg-Baer Co Apr. 6,1917 *Otto Bahls L. I. City V'icePres. Transport Service, Inc Sept. 27, 1918 •George F. Bahntge L. I. (iity Mgr.. L. I. City Branch. American Trust Co.. Mar. 15.1920 Dr. Joseph Bainton N. Y. Citv Board of Trustees, St. John's Hospital Apr. 4, 1919 John M. Baker L. I. City .\rchitect Feb. 20, 1920 •Herbert W. Ballantine L. I. City Neptune Meter Co. (Director and Publicity Manager) June 24, 1919 ♦J. Herbert Ballantine L. I. City Pres., Neptune Meter Co Jan. 26, 1917 •John H. Ballantine L. I. City VicePres., Neptune Meter Co Jan. 26,1917 Walter F. Ballinger N. Y. City Ballinger & Perrot (Architects, Engineers and Constructors) May 12.1916 Joseph Banker L. I. City Art Ornament Co Mar. 15, 1920 •W. E. Barber N. Y. City Red Star Towing & Transportation Co May 12, 1919 Alfred M. Barrett N. Y. C^ity Deputy Public Service Commissioner Aug. 25,1919 John T. Barry L. I. City Pres., D. D. Williamson & Co Sept. 13, 1917 •Charles A. Barton L. I. City Genl. Sales Mgr., N. Y. & Queens Elec. Light & Power Co June 16, 1916 •Thomas F. Baumann L. I. City Treas., Transport Service, Inc Nov. 25, 1919 W. A. Baumert College Point Manufacturer of Cheese Apr. 13, 1914 Ambrose F. Becker N. Y. (iity Laurelton Sales Co. Inc. (Real Estate) Jan. 12,1920 •Philip L. Becker ' I. City Mgr.. .American Chicle Co Apr. 10,1916 Henry L. Bell Bayside Bayside Supply Co. (Lumber. Coal, etc.) Oct. 8, 1915 August Bellon Rockaway Beach. Pres.. .August Bellon, Inc. (Structural and Or- namental Iron) July 25, 1918 Hal Benedict College Point. ... Hal Benedict Studios (Motion Pictures) Feb. 20,1920 Alfonso Bertoni L. I. City Genl. Mgr.. DeNobili Cigar Co Nov. 25, 1919 *E. T. Bedford L. I. City Pres. Repctti, Inc. (Candy) Apr. 22, 1920 Charles R. Bettes Far Rockaway. .. Chief Engr., Queens County Water Co Mar. 9,1913 Arthur S. Beves N. Y. City Receiver. American Blau-Gas Corp. (Gas, Blau- Gas and Dri-Gas) Aug. 25, 1919 Louis Bingmann Glendale Steeplejack and Rigger Apr. 22, 1920 Leon Birck Flushing Real Estate and Building June 16, 1915 C. H. Birdsall L. I. City Pres.. Johnson Coin Counting Machine Co Jan. 12, 1920 •Arni Bjornson Flushing Mgr.. Bank of the Manhattan Co. (Flushing Branch) July 25,1918 James P. Black L. I. City Supt. Burns Bros. (Coal) July 19 1917 S, Blickman N. Y. City Metal Goods Dec. 6 1918 •William D. Bloodgood N. Y. City Pres.. Wm. D. Bloodgood & Co., Inc. (Real Estate) Oct. 25,1912 Samuel J. Bloomingdale. . . .N. Y. City Pres. Bloomingdale Bros., Inc. (Dept. Store). .Feb. 16,1912 E. L. Blun College Point. . . . Manhattan Silk Co Aug. 2S, 1919 William J. Boardman Jamaica Chairman Board of Directors, First National Bank of Jamaica Apr. 4, 1919 Carl Bomeisler L. I. City Imperial Metal Mfg. Corp. (Metal Specialties) .July 19^1917 Paul Bosse L. I. City. ....... Pres., Premier Metal Etching Co Feb. 28, 1918 John Bossert Brooklyn Pres. Louis Bossert & Sons, Inc. (Lumber). . .Apr. 9,1918 J. B. Bouck, Jr L. I. City Treas., Pratt & Lambert (Varnishes and Enam- , els) Oct. 20,1919 F. G. Bradford Flushing Manager, Gaumont Motion Pictures Co Feb. 16 1916 A. J. Bradley L. I. City A. J. Bradley Mfg. Co. (Stencil Papers and Ink) Sept. 13, 1917 Peter J. Brady N. Y. City Supervisor. Board of City Record .Apr. 4, 1919 Edward H. Bragg N. Y. City VicePres.. Egleston Bros. & Co., Inc. (Iron and Steel Merchants) June 24. 1919 •Philip B. Brewster L, I. City Treas.. Brewster & Co. (.Automobiles) Deo. 6,1918 •William Brewster L. I. C\ty Pres. Brewster & Co. (Automobiles) Charter Stephen Briggs L. I. (]ity Pres.. Stephen Briggs. Inc. (Barrels) July 25,1918 Arthur W. Brockway Brooklyn Secy.-Treas., Brockway-Fitzhugh-Stewart Inc., (Labels and Fibre Shippers* Containers) ... .June 24,1919 Robert T. Brooks L. I. City VicePres., Geo. A. Just Co. (Structural Iron and Steel) Feb. 3, 19J9 •Eugene L. Brown N. Y. City Rickert-Brown Realty Co Nov. 25, 1919 Frank G. Burke N. Y. City Manh.ittan Soap Co Dec. 15, 1916 D. Calandra L. I. City VicePres. Atlantic Macaroni Co Feb. 16,1916 Charles E. Callahan L. I. City Mgr.. Plaza Business School Dec. 6,1918 Henry L. Caiman N. Y. City Emil Caiman & Co. (Paint and Varnish) Oct. 25,1912 Antonio Caniore L. I. City Real Estate Apr. 22, 1920 *Plura! Memberships 152 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Name Address Business , ^ „ ^ t ^'^o''^!'nio Abbott L. Carpenter L. I. City F L. Bradbury Co. (Doughnuts and Crullers) . June 18. 9 8 •L H Carragan N. Y. City Sales Mgr., General Carbonic Co Nov.^23, 1919 .Ti^S;^-c;ssel^e"::::::;L: i: cu^:::::::iiei;n;ayT sons-(Piano;i;::.:::::::::::::;:chanef So?ge \V. Cassfdyy L. I. City Cassidy Co. Inc. (Lightrng Fixtures) Apr 6, 917 E.W.Caswell L. I. City Supt., Rol s-Royce Service Sta Mar. 15,19.0 William B. eating Maspeth Prop., Cat.ng Rope Works Feb. 20. 920 E Oliver Champ Malba Real Estate ..... • • . ■ • APr- J". }^io H Chandler. .. L. I. City E. S. Partridge. Inc. (.\utomob.lcs) Jan. 2, 920 Miles S. Charlock N. Y. City Pres Century AudU Corp May 12,1916 Charles A. Christman L. I. C ty Lumber Merchant Ijl- 25 919 C A Christoffers N. Y. City Rex Paint Corporation........ Aug. 2S, 1919 W \V Clark . L. I. City Tiffin Products, Inc. (Confectionery) Aug. 25 1919 Audley Clarke Brooklyn Audley Clarke Co. (Building Material) Feb. 3,1919 JoTn Clarke ! N. Y. City P^l^v, J°"" ^^'.[^.''. ^. ^°:. ''. . .^ . .". .'.".Jan. 14, 1918 Wilham E. Clarke L, I. City Clar'kTstamp' Pad Co.': ." .' .' .' .' .' .' fun^ 24' 19^9 Edward J, Clarry L. I- Cuy..... .- Uarry Lumber Co., Inc ...... ^^ ^4 j'J^ Tj.rnard P Colen L. 1. City .^cc y, tmerson r-nunogi aijii v_o.. '"^••- •-•• — William ColHns. ....... ...N.Y. City Walter Kidde & Co. (Engineers and Contract. ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ Frederick H. Cone N. Y. City Vice'pres;.' And^w Cone' Advertising Co Oc^ 5. 1916 Thomas I Conerty Far Rockaway . . . Conerty-Sullivan Coal Co • Jan. -t, i^io R T Conley ...L, I. City. ...... Eastern Mgr., Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co May 2, 919 •Andrew J Connell. ........ College Point .... Vice-Pres., Empire Art Metal Co Aug. 16, 96 C. C. Cooper Brooklyn g^"- Gree"point Fire Bnck Co. ............ July 25,1918 S.\: „; r„\\B^ N Y ritv .Deputy Tax Commissioner Mar. ChriXher- ^unmngham' ! i ! L^oLb-n=:; ! ! ! ! ! ! ???s"!\hristopher Cunningham & Co. (Boilers) .Oct ^^m^HS^ahta'^^".\\\\\\\wwh^v^n::::;:luX «•''" Ar^oldH DaTe-...........L. I. City Pres., Queensborough Brass & Bronze Foun- dry, Inc A* * " a n' im » Richard F. Dalton L. I. City Treas.. N. Y. Architectural Terra Cotta Co....\pr. ^9,1913 R H Davis N. Y. City Real Estate y."- ,C'}S,n Max Dav Son ! ! . ! ! ] ! . ! ! . . L. I. Cit^ Treas Goldberg & Davidson Co Mar 1 = . 920 Joseph 1'. Day N. Y, City Rea Estate Auctioneer Sept 8 1911 Daniel Lacv Dayton Bayside Real Estate .. ■■,:.■ Oct 20 1919 •Harry L. Dayton L. I. City First Mortgage Guarantee Co Oc^ 20. 1919 J. Wilson Dayton Bayside Real Estate... y ' y' !,„ 4 1918 John J Deery L. I. City Pres., John J. Deery Co. Inc.. Jan. ^^ j^'? Richard \ Deeves N. Y. City John H. Deeves & Bro. (Bui ders) Feb 20, 920 •MidiYel rDe^Jon: '. l N Y. Cit^ Pres., Degnon f-'ty^ Terminal Impvmt. Co.) .Sept. 8 911 Frank Dehn Elmhurst Pres., Elmhurst Ice Co.. Inc.. y;i,''\^ ^i, '»'" John M Demarest Forest .Hills Vice-Pres., Sage Foundation Homes Co. (R^al^^^ ^^ ^^^^ Ee<^oi?XmSh.v.v.v.v.;;'Ri■■ '' ,(,,„ John Drew Elmhurst Branch Supt., Model Brassiere Co Feb. .0, 1 J-U IS^n°r'^:;lfy;;::::::::B;Ik&l'::::::::?rl.^r P. Dnffy-co:-<^ui{ding;^ikie;ui);;; w » mi .W B Dukeshire Maspeth Sec;y-Treas. Dukeshire Steel & Forge Co J^uly ... 9 8 A M Dnnran L I. C ty Sec'y. ColeDuncan Boiler Woiks uct. -u, i^i:- •B; WanerDuncan:::::::::L. I. aty CeJral Mgr., Manhattan & Queens Traction ^^^ ^^^^^ *P!ural Memberships New York City • 153 Name Address Business Elected *Fred S. Dunn L. I. City Asst. Treas., Queensboro Corporation Aug. 16.1916 Frank Dunncl. Jr Elmliurst Automobile and Tractor Mcrcliant Mar. 15,1920 T. Coleman DuPont N. Y. City Manufacturer June 24, 1919 Eugene VV. Durkee Elmhurst E. R. Durkee & Co. (Spices and Food Prod- ucts) Apr. 6,1917 H. Gordon Duval L. I. City Pres., Duvalian Products Corp. (Leather Goods) Feb. 20,1920 Charles P. Early L. I. City Treas., A. Recknagel, Inc (Hardware) Mar. 15,1920 •Lee J. Eastman N. Y'. City Pres.. Packard Motor Car Co. of N. Y Nov. 23, 1919 Henry F. Ecks L. L City Domestic Soap Mfg. Co Apr. 4,1919 Adolph J. Egelhof N. Y. City Vice-Pres.. Wills-Egelhof Co., Inc. (Builders) . .Apr. 4,1919 •Theodore W. Egly L. I. City Asst. Mgr., New Y'ork National Irving Bank. .Apr. 22,1920 Samuel Eichen N. Y. City Shore Acres Realty Co Sept. 8.1911 A. D. Eldert Jamaica Pres., John R.Carpenter & Co. (Lumber) July 25, 1916 Byron E. Eldred Flushing Pres.. Commercial Research Co. (Metal Etching, Welding, Chemical Products) Aug. 16,1916 Lewis A. Eldridge N. \'. City Sec'y-Treas., N. Y'. & East River Ferry Co Feb. 28,1918 Joseph Elias L. I. City Joseph Elias & Co. (Glass) June 16, 1915 *.Tesse F. Ellsworth L. I. City Mgr.. Corn Exchange Bank (Astoria Branch) . .Dec. 20,1912 A. Ephraem College Point L. I. Manufacturing Co. (Hats) Oct. 20,1919 Oscar Eriandsen Jamaica Pres.. Metropolis Engineering C!o. (Engineers and Surveyors) Nov. 19, 1915 Leander B. Faber Jamaica Justice, Supreme Court of New York Dec. 8, 1911 Walter S. Faddis N. Y'. City Vice-Pres.. Cauldwell Wingate Co. (Builders) . .Oct. 8,1915 Thomas E. Fagans Elmhurst Mgr., Elmhurst Coal Co Feb. 20,1920 Archie Fahnestock L. I. City Mgr.,Fahnestock Electric Co Nov. 25. 1919 Michel Feldine L. I. City Pres., Lauraine Magneto Co '. . . .Aug. 25. 1919 J. U. Ferris College Point Asst. Treas.. Beacon Falls Rubber Shoe Co June 18,1918 •Benjamin J. Field L. I. City Pres., Howell Field & Goddard, Inc. (Metal Doors and Fireproofing) June 16, 1915 •Raymond Charles Finch. .. .Flushing Chief Engineer, Hunter Illuminated Car Sign Co Sept. 27, 1918 Joseph Fischcl L. I. City Comfort Sandal Mfg. Co May 9,1918 John C. Fisher L. I. City John C. Fisher Mfg. Co. (Metal Specialties) . .July 25,1918 Edward W. Fitzpatrick L. I. City Contractor Apr. 4, 1919 Lewis W. Flaunlacher N. Y. City Vice-Pres., M. & L. Hess Inc (Real Estate) .. .Jan. 12, 1916 A. H. Flint College Point. ... Vice-Pres.. L. W. F. Engineering Co. (Air- craft and Accessories) May 21,1917 James W. Florida L. I. City Gen'l Service Mgr., Packard Motor Car Co. of N. Y Jan. 12, 1920 Thomas J. Foster L. I. City Chm. Board of Directors. National Bridge Works (Structural Steel and Iron) June 10.1914 Clifford S. Fox L. I. City Supt. of Distribution. East River Gas Go .\pr. 9, 1913 \\'illiam Fox N. Y. City Pres.. Fox Film Corporation June 16.1916 James Frank N. Y'. City .Attorney Real Estate Feb. 9.1914 Charles W. Frazier L. I. City Pres.. Brett Lithographin? Co Oct. 8,1915 •George H. Frew N. Y. City Mgr., Corn Excliangc Bank (55th St. Branch) . .Apr. 6,1915 William T. Friedrick L. I. City Asst. Treas., Old Reliable Motor Truck Corp. .Oct. 20.1919 Wm. E. G. Gaillard N. Y. City Gaillard Realty Co., Inc Feb. 20,1920 •Robert C. Galindo, Jr L. I. City Jurgen Rathjcn Co, (Coal) June 24, 1919 John F. Galvin L. I. City Pres., Metal Stamping Co. (Auto Accessories) . .June 19, 1913 Thomas C. Gannon N. Y^. City. ...... Queens Representative. Pennsylvania Cement Co Apr. 4,1919 Garret J. Garrctson Elmhurst Official Referee N. Y. State Supreme Court. .Feb. 28,1918 John R. Garside L. I. City Pres., A. Garside & Son, Inc. (Women's Shoes) May 12,1916 Chas. L. Gehnrich L. I. City Vice-Pres., Gehnrich Indirect Heat Oven Co. (Ovens, Sheet Metal) Oct. 29,1919 Leonard Genovese L. I. City Building Contractor .^pr. 22.1920 William R. Gibson Woodhaven W. R. Gibson Co.. Inc. (Builders) Mar. 15 1920 Earl A. Gillespie Woodhaven Lumber Merchant Charter John T. Gleason L. I. City Sec'y-Treas., Codex Antiseptic Co Mar. 15. 1920 Marshall W. Gleason Brooklyn Pres.. Gleason-Tiebout Glass Co Feb. 10.1915 •A. C. Goddard L. I. City Treas., Howell, Field & Goddard Jan. 12, 1912 •C. H. Goddard L. I. City Pres.. American Druggists' Snydicate June 16.1915 •Leon G. Godley N. Y. City Vice-Pres. American Chicle Co .\ug. 25.1919 •Louis Gold Brooklyn Engineer and Builder -^ug. 25, 1919 W. S. Goldfrank N. Y. City Sec'y. Stein-Davies Co. (Dextrine, Starch) Nov. 25 1919 Simon Gottschall L. I. City Pres., Star Ribbon Mfg. Co July 23,1918 Charles J. Grant L. I. City Pres. and Treas., Marcus Ward, Inc. (Station- ery) Aug. 16. 1916 Edward Graucr Jamaica Mgr. Metropolitan Tobacco Co Dec. 6.1918 John A. Gray L. I. City Sec'y-Treas.. Sweeney & Gray Co. (Machinists and Hydraulic Engineers) Mar. 15,1920 L. W. Grciner N. Y. City Mcr.. Liquid Carbonic Co. (Soda Fountains, Bottling Machines) Nov. 25, 1919 T. Edward Grcs.slee L. I. City Real Estate Apr. 22. 1920 .■\doIph J. Grctschel L. I. City Real Estate. Insurance and Mortgage Loans. . .June 24,1919 John W. Grey Flushing Pres.. Supreme Pictures. Inc. (Motion Pic- tures) Jan. 12 1920 .%Iorgan Grossman L. I. City Morsjan Gross Co., Inc. (Shoes) Mar. 15, 1920 J. D. Hackett N. Y. City Labor consultant Sept. 27, 1918 .•\. Hager L. 1. City Motorcycles \pr. 22. 1920 lohn T. Halleran Flushing Real Estate. Appraisals Sept. 8.1911 lames'T. Ilallinan Flushing Lawyer (Hallinan & Grob) Apr. 4 1919 lohn T. Malpin N. Y. City Scott Gerard & Bowers (Lawyers) Mar. 8,1917 lohn W. Hamilton N. Y. City Hamilton & Chambers Co. (Engineers) .-Xpr. 6,1917 William J. Hamilton Corona Real Estate Charter * Plural Memberships 154 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Name F. I. Hamm *George B. Hanavan. . M. Hanensen •E. Irving Hanson. . . . Wallace J. Hardgrove A\'illiam E. Harmon. . Judson A. Harrington H. Trowbridge Harris John T. Harrison... James F. Hart. W. E. Haskin. Robert R. Haslett.. . S. R. Hatchctt Harold Hawkins Elbert W. Hawley.. . A. M. Hayes S. P. Hayward Henry Hellman Richard Hellman . . . . *David G. Helme.... F. \V. Herz H. G. Heyson Frederick C. Hicks. Harry H. Hicks *Hamilton A. Higbie. ♦Robert W. Higbie.. F. J. Hildebrand.... Stuard Hirschman . . A. C. Horn H. J. Houpert *F. Ray Howe Stephen T. Huber.... ♦R. S. Huddleston.... Allen J. Huke E. Covert Hulst Burt Jay Humphrey. *Richard Fenley Hunter S. V. V. Huntington William F. Hurley. Morris Jacobs Percy C. James *WiUiam T. James.. Charles Jensen . . . . Charles T. Jensen. Allen H. Jeter Wm. H. Johns E. C. Johnson Henry C. Johnson, Jr Remsen Johnson F. Cliffe Johnston. . . Henry S. Johnston.. William A. Jones. Jr John Kaiser H. Kaltenhauser \\'il!ia'm J. Kam. . . H. B. Kanter Charles I. Karasik. John Karmazin. . . . Leo Karpen ..L. I. City. ,. .N. Y. City. •Frederick W. Kavanaugh. . N. Y. City. Address .Jamaica .L. I. City .N. Y. City .N. Y. City .Flushing .College Point. .N. Y. City. .L. I. City. .N. Y. City. . .Brooklyn. . ..L. I. City. • Brooklyn .N. Y. City .L. I. City . Bayside .L. I. City .L. I. City .L. I. City .L. I. City .L. I. City .L. I. City .Far Rockaway... .Washington, D. C, .Rockaway Beach. .Jamaica .Jamaica .Ridgewood 6, 1918 6, 1917 .N. Y. City. .L. I. City. .L. I. City. .N. Y. City. .L. I. City. .L. I. City. .N. Y. City. .L. I. City. .L. I. City. . Flushing.. . .L. I. City. .L. I. City. .L. I. City. .Jamaica. . . .Flushing.. . .L. I. City. .Bayside.. . . .L. I. City. .N. Y. City. .N. Y. City. .L. 1. t^ity. .Brooklyn. . .N. Y. City. .Elmhurst. . .N. Y. City. .L. I. City. .L. I. City. .Buffalo .L. I. City. .Elmhurst. . 15, 1920 25. 1919 4, 1919 12, 1916 1918 1916 1919 1913 S, 1915 Elmer .\. Keeler. . *Owcn A. Keenan. Henry A. Keiner. Henry P. Keith Rawdon W. Kellogg. Warren Kelly Robert W. Kemp.. F. Kcmpf Howard B. Keppel. E. J. Kestenbaum. John J. Kindred. . . .N. Y. City .L. I. City .Richmond Hill. . .N. Y. City. , . .Jamaica. . . ..N. Y. City. . . Woodside. . . ..L. I. City. . ..L. I. City. . ..L. I. City. . ..L. I. City. Business Elected T\Igr., Jamaica Poster Advertising Co May 9,1918 VicePres., L. I. Star Publishing Co May 9,1918 Pres., Piroxloid Products Corp J lar. 15,1920 Mgr. H. R. Mallinson & Co. (Silks) .Vov. 25, 1919 Operators Associates, Inc. (Real Estate) June 16, 1916 Trcas. and Gen'l Mgr., Harmon Color Works, lie Nov. 13, 1916 Industrial Real Estate Feb. 16,1916 Real Estate and Insurance Feb. 20,1920 Asst. to V^ice-Pres., Fidelity and Deposit (^o. of Maryland (Surety Bonds) Nov. 13, 1916 Hart Waterproof Mfg. Co.. Inc. (Canvas Goods) Dec. Vice-Pres., Pressed & Welded Steel Products Co., Inc Dec L. I. Editor, Brooklyn Daily Eagle May 12] 1919 Pres., Sawyer Biscuit Co Jan. 12, 1920 Real Estate Apr. 22. 1 920 C. H. Hawley & Sons (Coal and Wood) May 12 1919 Sec'y. V^an Iderstine Co Nov. 20, 1917 Connolly Iron Sponge & Governor Co. (Pipe).. Mar. 15, 1920 Ford Dealer Apr. 22, 1920 Pres., Richard Hellmann, Inc. (Food Prod- ucts) Sept. 13, 1917 McLoughlin & Helme (Plumbing Contractors) ., Mar. Pres., National Varnish Co Aug. Pres., National Bank of Far Rockaway Apr. U. S. Congressman Jan. Pres., Hicks, Hicks & Hicks, Inc. (Lumber) .. .July 25,1918 Treas., Long Island Finance Corporation June 16 1916 Pres.. Long Island Finance Corporation Charter Pres., Concord Construction Co. (Ornamental Iron Work and Forgings) July 2 Real Estate Chartei Treas., Horn Holland Co. (Paints and Var- nishes) Oct. Pres., Houpert Machine Co Aug. 25, 1919 Vice-Pres., Queensboro Corp. (Real Estate) .. .June 16,1916 Joseph Huber, Inc. (Commercial Auto Bodies). Feb. 20, 1920 Pres., Astoria Mahogany Co Dec. 16. 1916 -Asst. N. Y. Manager Rockland & Rockport Lime Co June 24 Director, First ^lortgage Guarantee Co Apr. 9 Queens County Judge Charte Gen'l Mgr., Hunter Illuminated Car Sign Co.. Oct, Pres.. Edward Smith & Co. (Varnish Makers and Color Grinders) Apr. 22, 1920 .■\sst. Mgr., Matheson Lead Co Nov. 23, 1919 Real Estate May 12, 1919 James & Hawkins, Inc. (Hardware, Paint, Auto Supplies) Dec. 15,1916 Pres. Queens County Savings Bank Oct. 22,1913 Jensen's Auto Body Works Jan. 12, 1920 Scc'v. Queensboro Lumber Co.. Inc June 24 1919 A. H. Jeter & Co., Inc. (Roofing and Sheet Metal) Feb. 3,1919 Pres., George Batten Co. (Advertising) Nov. 19. 19IS Gen'l Mgr., Standard Steel Car Co Apr. 22,1920 Real Estate, Appraiser and Auctioneer June 24 1919 Jere Johnson, Jr., Co. (Real Estate Auctioneer) Sept. 27, 1918 Gen'l Mgr.. Palmer Waterfront Land & Im- provement Co Sept. 13, 1917 Pres., H. S. Johnston Drug Co Charter Attorney Feb. 16,1912 Supt.. Technola Piano Co Apr. 4 1919 Pres., National Labeling Machine Co., Inc July 25, 1918 (Non-resident member) Jan. 12. 1920 H. P. K. Electric Co. (Industrial Electrical Engineers) Apr. 22, 1920 Business Manager, Ravenswood Paper Mill Co. (Boxboard and Lining) Apr. 9,1918 Sec'y and Gen'l Mgr., Waldes & Co.. Inc. (Small Metal Goods, Koh-I-Noor Fasteners) . .Feb. 20, 1920 Managing Director, S. Karpen & Bros. (Fur- niture) Oct. 20,1919 Howard Estates Development Co. (Real Es- tate) Feb. 10.1915 Keeler's Coal Pockets Jan. 4, 1918 Local Commercial Mgr., N. Y. Telephone Co.. June 16,1916 Pres. Keiner Williams Stamping Co. (Drawn and Stamped Sheet Metal) July 25.1918 .Attorney Apr. 22, 1920 .Attorney June 16, 1915 Scc'y-Treas., Jos. P. McHugh & Son (Willow Furniture) Nov. 25, 1919 Pres.. HoUiday Kemp Co., Inc. (Dyes, Aniline Colors) Feb. 28,1918 Triangle Service Station Apr. 22.1920 \'ice-Pres.. Defender Manfg. Co. (Sheets and Pillow Cases) May 12,1916 Treas., Republic Auto Parts Co June 24, 1919 Kindred's Sanitarium Oct. 25, 1912 *Plural Memberships I I New York City 155 Name Address Business Elected *F. W. Kirch L. I. City Vice-Pres., Astoria Mahogany Co May 21,1917 ♦George _M. Kirchmer Brooklyn Claim Agent, Brooklyn Union Gas Co Feb. 11,191. 'James Klase L. I. City I'rcs., Queensboro Storage & Warehouse Corp. .Apr. 22,1920 Jack K. Klein L. I. City Klein Bros. (Japanese Bamboo Furniture) .... Apr. 4.1919 Jacob Klein L. I. City J. Klein Iron Works Jan. 12,1920 Joseph J. Kleinhenz L. I. City I'res., Queens Haulage Corp Oct. 2(s, 1919 F. J. Kline L. I. City .Vmerican Clip Co Dec. 6, 1918 William J, Knott N. Y. City Kew Gardens Hotel June 24^ 1919 \\'. W. Knowles L. I. City .Architect Vch. 20,1920 Hermann Koch L. I. City Real Estate Apr*. 22^ 1920 •U. S. Kolby L. I. City Asst. Sec'y and Asst. Treas., American Ever Ready \Vork Sept. 13, 1917 Alexander Konta N. Y. City Vice-Pres.. Perfect Window Regulator Co Mar. 1 5^1920 A. Kornblum N. Y. City Treas.. AUyn Hall Realty Co Nov. 20, 1917 Alfred Robert Kraemer. .. . College Point. ... Sec'y & Mgr., Kraeiner Bros. (Lumber and Masons' Materials) Feb. 20 1920 *V. P. Krauss L. I. City Supt. and Chemical Engineer, Toch Bros. (Paints and Varnishes) June 18,1918 *Louis C. Kunz L. I. City Sec'yTreas.. The Motometer Co., Inc .May 9' 1918 Walter Kutzleb L. I. City Pres., Organic Salt & Acid Co., Inc. (Drugs and Chemicals) Nov. 20 1917 L. U. LaCour L. I. City Pres.. LaCour Iron Works (Structural Steel ' and Iron) Ty]„ jg igiy Fred J, Lancaster N. Y. City Realty Operator q^^ 25* 1912 *Wm. C. Lange College Point Pres. and Gen'l Mgr., Empire Tube & Steel Corp Aug. 16,1916 LeRoy Latham Brooklyn Pres.. Latham Litho. & Printing Co May 1'' 1916 L. Laudisi L. I. City Banker j^ ,5' 19i9 'William Law L. I. City John Simmons Co. (Pipe. Iron Fittings, etc.).!Feb "3' 1919 •Arvine C. Leach L. I. City Sec'y, First Mortgage Guarantee Co ...Nov 2o' 1917 John Anderson Leach L. I. City F'^st Deputy Police Commissioner of NY ' ' City; Attorney [Charter G. Rowland Leavitt Flushing Charter Ernest A. L'Ecluse N. Y. City Sec'y-Treas., L'Eclufe Washburn & (io. (Real Estate) ^_ g igio *F. E. Lee Laurel Hill Traffic Mgr., Nichols Copper Co. (Copper Re- ' fining) Ty^g 24 1919 A. H. Leipert N. Y. City ^'- Y. Service Mgr., International Motor Co. ' (Machining. Auto Assembling, etc.) Feb 20 1920 Fred C. Lemmerman Glendale ^e3.\ Estate & Insurance Mar' 15' 1920 W. H. Lersner College Point Treas. Chilton Paint Co Oct 8' 1915 H. S. Leverich N. Y. City Real Estate ' j,' 1/1914 •Alfred Levy N. Y. City Traffic Mgr., Toch Bros \ [Oct 20 1919 Adolph Lewisolm N, Y. City Banker p^j^' jq' jgjr Sam A. Lewisohn N. V. City Banker ' ' ' -peh lo' 1915 ♦J. Menry Lienau L. I. City National Sugar Refining Co. of N. J .....Sept 27* 1918 Harvey R.. Lines Flushing Coal. Wood and Building Maetrials Jan 4 1918 Paul R. Lipman L. I. City V'ice-Pres.. Greenpoint- -Southern Co. (Mat- ' tresses. Box Springs, Pillows) Nov 25 1919 'Henry LocKliart. Jr N. Y. City Tf.ei\ Estate. Banker June 2o' 1914 George \V. Loft N. Y. City Pres., Loft, Inc. (Confectionery) ! '. ! Feb. 28 1918 •Jacob L. Loose Kansas City Loose Wiles Biscuit Co Sept 26* 1913 •Kennetli u. Loose L. I. City ■'^sst. Mgr. Loose Wiles Biscuit Co Sept 2/' 1918 *J-ranK Loru N. Y. City Vice-Pre., Cross & Brown Co. (Real Estate) .. Nov. 19' 1915 •J. Willard Lord L. I. City ^Igr.. Pierce Arrow Service Station Mar is' 1920 C. H. Low College Point I're., National Chain Co July 2s' 1918 Albert E. Lowe N. Y. City G. M. Film Corp. (Motion Picture Films), ' Pres.. Municipal Studies Jan. 12,1920 Fred R. Lowe Jamaica Treas.. Fred Adee Corp. (Plumbing Supplies) . .Feb. 20 1920 Clarence M. Lowes Brooklyn Pres.. Flushing National Bank; Treas. Dime Savings Bank of Williamsburg Apr. 9,1913 Victor A. Lownes Woodhaven Spear & Co. (Caps and Hats) Aug. 16^ 1916 F. H. Luce Woodhaven Supt., Woodhaven Water Supply Co Apr. 9^ 1918 Clarence A. Ludlum N. Y. City \'ice-Prc5.. The Home Insurance Co Charter' •George W. Luft L. I. City Treas., -American Druggists' Syndicate Sept. 27, 1918 K. J. Kundgren Richmond Hill. . . Real Estate Investments Mar. 15, 1920 .Andreas P. Lundin N. Y. City Pres.. American Balsa Co Oct. 7^1914 *D. E. Mc.Avoy L. I. City Treas., Wm. D. Bloodgood & Co. (Real Estate) .June 16' 1916 John B. McCaw L. I. City Sec'y. F. Piel Co., Inc. (Auto Horns) Dec. 6,1918 Frank B. McCord N. Y. City Vice-Pres. & Treas.. Post & McCord (Builders) .Feb. 20. 1920 Alfred E. F. McCorry \. Y. City Cantilever .Aero Co Apr. 6,1917 Georee B. McEwan Corona Corona Lumber Corp Jan. I2I 1920 Archibald C. McLachlan. . .Jamaica Principal, Jamaica Training School for "Teach- ers Dec. 15,1916 •George C. McLoughlin L. I. City McLoughlin & Hclme (Plumbing Contractors) . .Mar. 15,1920 'I. E. McLoughlin L. I. City Kozak & McLoughlin (Ladies' Shoes) Dec. 15,1916 •Edward J. McMahon L. I. (Tity N. Y. National Irving Trust Co June 24,1919 Patrick McMcel N. Y. City Vice-Pres., Wm. H«ghes & Co.. Inc. (Cotton and Woolen Waste) Mar. 15, 1920 Robert \\*. McMuIlen Brooklyn Life Insurance Nov, 25. 1919 Dwight MacDonald N. Y. City MacDonald & Bostwick (Lawyers) Nov. 13. 1916 •George C. MacDonald L. I. City Sales Mgr., Loose Wiles Biscuit Co Aug. 25,1919 James .\. Mrtrdona'd N. Y. City Trustee Queens County Savings Bank Charter •Edward A. MacDougall. . . .N. V. City Pres.. Queensboro Corporation Charter J. E. Mace N. Y. City Gen'l Mgr.. Menlcy & James. Ltd. (Import, Export and Manufacturing Chemists) Jan. 12,1920 Carleton Macv Far Rockaway . . . Pres. Queensboro Gas & Elcc. Co Mar. 7,1913 Jacob Maisel Woodside J. M. Skirt Co Sept. 28, 1918 •H. R, Mallinson N. Y. City Pres., H. R. Mallinson & Co. (Silks) Nov. 25, 1919 D. S. Mallory X. Y. (iity Asst. Treas.. Dictograph Products Corporation (Acousticons. Dictographs) Sept. 27, 1918 *PlHral Memberships 156 Chamrer of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Name Address Business Elected Alrick H. Man N. Y. City Pres., Kew Gardens Corp. (Real Estate) Charter Ellery W. Mann Rockaway Park. . Vice-Pres., H. K. McCann Co. (Advertising) .. Mar. 15 1920 •C. A. Marston L. I. City Factory Mgr., -American Ever Ready Works Mar. 15,1920 Franklin J. Mason L. I. City Contractor Apr. 4, 1919 •J- S. Masterman N. Y. City Printing Mgr., Metropolitan Life Ins. Co Oct. 20,1919 •A. F. Mathews L. 1. City Mathews Model Flats Co., Inc. (Real Estate and Builder) Apr. 13, 1914 Ernest Mathews L. I. City Mathews Building Co Jan. 26,1917 *G. X. Mathews L. I. City Mathews Model Flats Co., Inc. (Real Estate and Builder) Apr. 13, 1914 *CarI C. Mattman, Jr L. I. City Asst. Supt. and Pur. Agt., Astoria Silk Works. Nov. 25. 1919 •Charles Mattman L. I. City Treas.. .•\storia Silk Works Apr. 6. 1917 ♦Theo. Thos. Mattman L. I. City .'\storia Silk Works Nov. 25, 1919 C. B. Mayer L. I. City C. B. Mayer Co. (Interior Woodwork) Feb. 20, 1920 Edward W. Merrill, Jr Maspeth Pres. Merrill Bros., Inc Jan. 4, 1918 Henry Mayer L. I. City VicePres., Niagara Knitting Mills Corp Feb. 20, 1920 •Martin A. Metzner L. I. City Young & Metzncr (Bags and Bagging) Dec. 19,1913 Herbert Mead. Jr L. I. City Sec'y-Treas., Indiana Quartered Oak Co Apt. 22,1920 Jacob Meurer L. I. City Pres.. Meurer Steel Barrel Co Sept. 27, l9l8 •Charles G. Meyer N. Y. City Sec'y, Cord Meyer Development Co. (Real Estate) Charter Frank Meyer N. Y. City Asst. Sec'y, Famous Players-Lasky Corp. (Mo- tion Pictures) June 24, 1919 •George C. Meyer Forest Hills Cord Meyer Development Co Oct. 5,1916 Henry W. Meyer Ridgewood Pres., Ivanhoe Co. (Builder and Real Estate). .Apr. 6, 1917 Willard F. Meyers L. I. City Pres., Willard F. Meyers Machine Co., Inc Feb. 28, 1918 •William S. Milan L. I. City Mgr.. Bank of the Manhattan Co Feb. 28,1918 C. C. Miller Brooklyn Eclipse Box & Lumber Co Mar. 8,1917 Julius Miller L. I. (L'ity Julius Miller Shoe Co .Apr. 22 1920 C. C. MoUenhauer Brooklyn Real Estate June 10, 1914 Benjamin Moore L. I. City Moore's Bakery; Vice-Pres., L. I. City Sav- „ , ings Bank July 25, 1918 Robert E. Moore L. I. City -Austin & Moore, Inc. (Electrical and Indus- trial Engineers) Oct. 20,1919 William H. Moore N. Y. City N. Y. Mgr., The White Co. (Motor Trucks).. ..Aug. 25, 1919 David G. Morrison L. I. City Director, L. I. City Savings Bank Sept. 27, 1918 Thomas Morrison, Jr L. I. City Mgr., -Acorn Silk Co May 9.1918 A.W.Morse L. I. City Vice-Pres., The Anthony Co. (Liquid Fuel Engineers) Feb. 28, 1918 George H. Mullen Far Rockaway. . . Pres., Mullen & Buckley, Inc. (Window- Screens) Sept. 27, 1918 Henry J. Mullen Jamaica Pres., H. J. Mullen Contracting Co., Inc .Apr. 12 1912 Kearn J. Mullen N. Y. City U. S. Fidelity & Guaranty Co May 12 1 91 9 J. P. Muller N. Y. City Pres., J. P. Mullcr & Co. (.Advertising) July 19,1917 Roswell F. Mundy N. Y. City Treas., L. I. City Realty Co Jan. 26, 1917 William P. Myers L. I. City Manhattan-Rome Co. (Metal Beds and Couchcs).Aug. 16 1916 Alfred Nathan Flushing Pres., Nathan Mfg. Co. (Steam Injectors and Locomotive -Appliances) May 12, 1916 H. V. H. Neefus N. Y. City Francisco & Jacobus (Engineers and Archi- tects) Feb. 20. 1920 Nicholas Nehrbauer L. I. City Plumbing Contractor Nov. 25, 1919 r. A. Neidig Blissville Supt., American Agricultural Chemical Works , ,. , (Preston Works) Jan. 12,1920 Archibald Nesbett Bayside Contractor .Aug. 16, 1916 Isaac Neuschotz N. Y. City Pres., Fritsch Toilet Mirror (io Jan. 12^ 1920 Richards. Newcombs N. Y. City Pressinger & Newcombe (Lawyers) Sept. 13, 1917 Harvey B. Nevins N. Y. City Harvey B. Newins, Inc. (Real Estate) May 12 1919 R. H. Nimmich Winfield Pres.. Shorcham Novelty Co May 9 1918 •W. M. Nones L. I. City Pres. and Treas., Norma Co. of -America (Ball Bearings) June 16, 1916 C. G. Norman Winfield Pres.. Norman-Seton, Inc. (Metal Doors and Fireproofing) Sept. 21, 1915 •Myer Nussbaum N. Y. City Treas.. Howard Estates Development Co. (Real Estate); -Attorney June 16, 1916 •Francis J. Cakes Jr Boston Vice-Pres., Oakes Mfg. Co. (Drugs. Chemicals, Dyes) Sept. 13, 1917 George M. O'Connor L. I. City Plumbing and Heating Contractor May 9,1918 *M. O'Malley L. I. City Supt., Metropolitan Life Insurance Co Aug. 16.1916 Jos. R. Oppenheimer L. I. City Sec'y, West Disinfecting Co Nov. 19 1915 W. E. Orr L. I. City Pres., C. A. Willey Co. (Varnish and Paint) .. .Feb. 3, 1?19 Eugene J. Orsenigo L. I. City Orsenigo Co.. Inc. (Furniture) Nov. 13, 1916 Frank O'Sullivan Garden City Purchasing -Agent. Doubleday. Page Co. (Book Publishers Aug. 25, 1919 •Ray Palmer L. I. City Pres.. New York & Queens Electric Light & Power Co Nov. 19, 1916 John W. Paris N. Y. City Pres.. ParisHeckcn Co. (Real Estate) Feb. 28,1918 F. James Parks N. Y. City Treas.. Self Clasp Envelope Co -Apr. 22, 1920 William Bowne Parsons. . . .N. Y. City -Attorney Nov. 13, 1916 Eugene Pauly N. Y. City Commission Merchant Feb. 16, 1916 Jerome Payet L. I. City Pres., Payet Silk Dyeing Corp Oct. 20, 1919 Jos. J. Paymer L. I. City Central Smelting & Refining Co July 25, 1918 Alvan T. Payne L. I. City Attorney June 2,1911 Napoleon Pelletier Maspeth Pelletier Can Co June 18, 1918 •John H. Penchoen L. I. City Mgr.. Title Guarantee & Trust Co June 18, 1918 John Moore Perry Elmhurst Farmer May 12,1919 A. N. Peterson L. I. City Pres.. Brooklyn Foundry Co Apr. 9,1918 John W. Petry L. I. City Pres. John W. Petry Co. (Plumbing. Heating and Ventilating) Nov. 25, 1919 Franklin Pettit N. Y. City Real Estate Feb. 3 1919 Jacob Pfeffer L. I. City Coal, Wood and Building Materials -Apr. 9, 1918 C. J. Phillips N. Y. City .Asst. Gen'l Mgr., Brooklyn Eastern District Terminal Jan. 12,1920 *Plural Memberships New York City 157 Name John I'olachek . . . . W. A. l*orter ■•James H. Post. . .. Paul Leon Price. . . Leo Propper Thomas t\ PurceU. *F. A. Purdy W. S. Quigley Edward A. Quin . . . ■•D. \V. Quinn. Jr.. Tliomas M. Quinn. John T. Rainier. . . •Fred G. Randall... John A. Rapelye. . . *John \V. Rapp •Justin J. Rathjen. Arthur L. Reed. . . F. H. Reeve Jacob Rcicliert . . . William C. Rcid. . James J. Reilly. . . John B. Reimer . . John H. Rhodes. Sol Richman •Charles H. Rickert. *E. J. Rickert •A. B. Ricketts W. N. Ridge John M. Riehic Walter F. Rins. . . . Harry D. Robbins. Walter Roberts.... *J. H. Robinson Edward Roche Mathew Rock Clinton T. Roe Edwin P. Roe Fred Roffe Charles A. Rohr. . . . Joseph M. Roman. . Emanuele Ronzoni.. Morris Rosenwasser •P. A. Rowley Emil Runge Frederick Russell... H. E. Russell Edward Ruth, Jr. . . George J. Ryan A. M. Ryon Samuel Salvage . . . . Harry D. Sammis.. D. M. Sarkisian. . . . Sol Schildkraut . . . . Gustave Schirmer. . . F. J. Schleicher. . . . Louis Schlesinger. . . Carl Schneeweiss . . . Eugene Schoen John G. Schumacher •Alfred B. Schupp.. Henry T. Schwanda Felix Schwemer . . . . Melvin W. Scott. . . Maurice Seiderman . •Louis J. Selznick. . . •Myron Selznick. •Otto Sepp Ernest Sexauer •Charles W. Shaeffer •William Shaw J. C. SheafF C. E. Sheppard. . .. •Johnson Shipman.. Edwin Shuttleworth Bohumil W. Sidlo. •Philip L. Sillman.. *Plura! Memhc Address Business . . L. L City Pres., John Polachck Bronze & Iron Co . Maspeth Pres., United Button Co . .N. Y. City Pres., National Sugar Refining Co. of N. J,. . .L. L City Mgr., Irving Iron Works. .L. I. City .Laurel Hill .N. Y. City .N. Y. City .L. I. City Propper Silk Hosiery Co, (Silk Hosiery) .L. I. City Surety Bonds .L. I. City Sec'y. Rcpetti. Inc. (Candy) .N. Y. City Pres., Quigley Furnace Specialties Co .N. Y. City N. Y. Mgr., J. L. Mott Iron Works .Jamaica Vice-Pres., American Trust Co , .L. I. City Llndertaker .Flushing Pres., Rainier Motor Corp .L. I. City Vice-Pres., Queensboro Corporation , Elmhurst Real Estate .College Point. ,.. Pres., Empire Art Metal Co. (Metal VVorks, Fireproofing) .L. I. City Pres.. Jurgen Rathjen Coal Co .Richmond Hill. .. Pres., A. L. Reed Co. (Leather Goods) .N.Y.City Real Estate . Brooklyn Reichert Towing Line .Greenpoint Leary & Co. (Lumber Merchants) .L. I. City Real Estate Broker .Ozone Park Pres., First National Bank of Ozone Park (Coal and Building Supplies) . Victory Warehouse Corp (Cartage and Light- erage Facilities) . Supt., National' Enameling and Stamping c5o. .Vice-Pres., Rickert Realty Co., Inc .Pres.. Rickert Realty Co., Inc .L. I. City Factory Mgr., Neptune Meter Co .N.Y.City Pres., Metropolis Land Co .N.Y.City Pres., L. I. Sound Realty Co .Brooklyn Pres., Ring Gibson Co. (Builders) .N.Y.City Pres.. H. D. Robbins Co. (Investment Bankers) . .L. I. City Mgr., William Bradley & Son (Cut Stone and Marble) .N. Y. City Cross & Brown Co. (Real Estate) .Far Rockaway. .. Roche's Baths .N. Y. City Merchant Tailor .N.Y.City Sec'y, L. I. Bond & Mortgage Co.; Attorney .Whitestone Pres., First National Bank of Whitestone. . . .L. I. City Treas., Kelly & Kelley (Engineers) .N.Y.City Commercial Engineers (General Electric Co.).. .L. I. City Roman-Callman Co. (Real Estate) .L. I. City..- Pres. -Treas. Ronzoni Macaroni Co., Inc .L. I. City ^S.'^^- Rosenwasser Bros. (Leggings and Boots) . .Jamaica Vice-Pres., Bank of the Manhattan Company. . . . Flushing Real Estate .L. I. City Pres., Russell Foundry & Machine Co .L. I. City Supt., Reichard-Coulston Co .Winfield Real Estate and Insurance . L. I. City Real Estate and Insurance .Flushing Coal and Mason Supplies .N.Y.City Manufacturer Artificial Silk Yarn .N. Y. City -^sst. Sec'y. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co .N.Y.City Pres., Gould Mersereau Co. (Drapery, Carpet and Cabinet Hardware) .Jamaica Jamaica Auto & Supply Co. (Autos and Ac- cessories) -N.Y.City G. Schirmer, Inc. (Music Publishers) .L. I. City Sec'y, W. D. Wilson Printing Ink Co.. Ltd .N.Y.City Louis Schlesinger, Inc. (Real Estate) . L. 1. City Mgr., George Brown & Co. (Cut Stone) .Newark Gen. Mgr., International Oxygen Co .Flushing Farmer -L. I. City Supt., Motometer Co., Inc .Winfield Mgr.. B. Schwanda & Son (Pearl Buttons). .College Point. ... Pres., Atlantic Rubber Manufacturing Corp .L. I. City Factory Mgr., R. & L. Bearings Co .L. I. City Pres., Star Silk Works .N.Y.City Pres., Select Pictures Corp.; Treas., Selznick Pictures Corp .W. Fort Lee Pres., Selznick Pictures Corporation Elect .July 25 .Nov. 20, .Feb. 20, .Oct. 5 .Feb. 20, .Feb. 28, .Apr. 22 .June 18 .Feb. 20, .Feb. 3 .Apr. 4, .Dec. 15 .Charter Feb. 20, June 2, .Oct. 5 Feb. 16, Mar. 7 .May 21, June 16, Apr. 22 May 21 Nov. 21 Oct. 25 June 19 June 2 Jan. 26 Nov. 19, Feb. 16 Feb. 19 June 18 Apr. 12 Oct. 20, June 6 Oct. 8, Charter June 24 Feb. 3 Feb. 20, Nov. 20 Oct. 20 Dec. 9 .Nov. 19 May 12, Charter Feb. 28, July 19 Feb. 16 Apr. 10 July 25 Apr. 6, .L. 1. .L. I. .L. I. .L. I. .N. Y'. City. City. City. City. Queensboro (Structural "(bJvoe L. I A. & P. Motor Trucking C)orp Warehouse Corp Treas., Sexauer & Lemke, Inc. Iron and Steel) City Supt., Standard Oil Co. of N. Y, Works) Supt.. Standard Oil Co. of N. Y. (Empire Yard) Mgr.. Patterson Sargent Co. (Paints and Var- nish) N.Y.City C. E. Sheppard Co. (Book Binders) L. I. City Purchasing Agt., Neptune Meter Co. (Water Meters) City Pres.. Edwin Shuttleworth (Cut Stone and Marble) City Pres., Voska, Foelsch & Sidlo, Inc. (Interior Marble) City .-Vstoria Mahogany Co Oct. 20, Apr. 9, Nov. 19, .\pr. 4 Apr. 22 Feb. 20 Oct. 7, Oct. 8, May 9, July 19 June 14, Feb. 20, Jan. 12, Oct. 20, Oct. 20 Oct. 20. Jan. 26, Apr. 4, Apr. 4, .L. I. .L. I. Sept. 27, Apr. 22, Jan. 26, July 25. June 18. Sept. 13, ■d 1918 1917 1920 1916 1920 1918 1?20 1918 1920 1919 1919 1916 1920 1911 1916 1916 1917 1917 1915 1920 1917 1917 1912 1913 1911 1917 1915 1916 1915 1918 1912 1919 1912 1915 1919 1919 1920 1917 1919 1914 1915 1919 1918 1917 1912 1916 1918 1917 1919 1918 1915 1919 1920 1920 1914 1915 1918 1917 1914 1920 1920 1919 1919 1919 1917 1919 1919 1918 1920 1917 1918 1918 1917 rsliifs 1^8 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens ^■^-^y -secj, Jonn bimmons Co. (Pipe, Iron Fittings, .S^'" si"""^"" Eimhurst RearEst'aieW:::::: .■.■.■;; ■ •; SLr f^- }'}? Carl SkoE" T T Pitv a^^* c » /-\ l U W reo. 16 1912 •Charles W Smith T i n-J -i^^H^^- Qu^ensboro Corp. (Real Estate) . .Aug. 16,1916 •Frl,,.,-^ >r c„:.i. ,., . Works) A„ 4 ,0,0 . V ice-Pres., Red Star Towing & Transporta- tion Co.) May 12 . Treas., N. Y. & Queens Electric Light & •i W Spe^ce^"''"" 1^%^'??; y'«-P-^-. N. Y & Queens Ga3 Co l jTn. Ta; 1916 jpcnce N. Y. City Treas., Harrolds Motor Car Co. (Pierce Arrow C 1 Ct ^ Service Station) \nr 9 191S Mathew !<;;,;;■„ ?'-y-C!ty Plumbing and Heating Contractor '.'.'.'.'.'.Feb. 16'. 1912 r/nrll i; 7^"" L. I. City Pres., Island Lumber Co.. Inc \nr '2 19^0 jZes c k'^lZhu ?°='>'-" P^"" N- ^'- «= North Shore Traction Corp. ...•.Mar: Ts I9J6 Charles St! ner'' J^T'% -l^-^' "• Stansbury, Inc. (Lumber and Coal) . . . . Apf 4 9I9 Charles Sterner. L. I. City Sales Mgr.. Steiner Mfg. Co (Automotive Sup- "So^Tl^r^'^--- ^.Y.W..'..'..s.&-&-sons-;piano;K:;::::::;;::;:;;;:SL^'"^° ^:^^^%!-T^''''^^ "• l^^S Frederick storm Brooklyn Pres. Whor Cap & Closure Corp ilar. 15 1920 PW <^ c. Bayside First National Bank Dec 19 1913 Ch^rLrS7 ■;.■•:, ^^y*''''' P"-"- Fi"' National Bank Oct' 20 19 9 £^"'f L. Strat ard Flushing Staunchwood Shops (Toys) Jan 12 1920 Henry F. Strebel Brooklyn Chas. Strebel & Sons (Structural Steel and g"l'' S^tuetaer J^"\'''A ^^Tk '^- '™' '^'Mongage 'Col 1 1 1 : 1 ! ! I ! I : it^. IS,' I92O U. L. Stuebner L. I. City G. L. Stuebner Iron Works (Structural Steel »TT r> C-. 1 3nd Iron) Sent 1^ 1917 T^;„h- I rK""*, h I- "^"y T^^^^-. General Carbonic Co l '. '.Nov 2? 19 9 Ben.'^mi'nH :.■■■; College Point. ... Pres., N. Y. Watering Co. (Silk Ribbons) . . . . . Apr li! 9 4 Benjamin H. Sweet Jamaica RealE.state Feb 111915 T. B. Swennes L. I. City Supt.. Texas Co. (Oils) Feb' 20 1920 Seymour 1 aft LI City Taft's City Garage (Autos and Accessories) . . . '.Apr. 9', 1918 ^- '■ '^■^"f N.Y.City Traffic Mgr.. Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. (Billiard Tables, Bowling Alleys and Phono- Martin Tepper L. I. City Pre"^ niaJleVs' 'Dent'aV 'wheer 'co'.' '('Dental' 'Ap-' ^""' '^' "''' .Ira L. Terry Flushing Ri^i^-^^e ' ! i ! ! i !; ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! : ! ! : ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! i^^ ^' 1^1^ Charles G. M. Thomas N.Y.City Vice-Pres.. Consolidated Gas. Co. of N. Y.; Chairman. Board of Directors N. Y. & T„,,„ ,,r T-. „ „ ^ Queens Electric Light & Power Co Charter J°''" S- Ji'°""'5 N.Y.City Gen'I .\gi.. Travelers' Insurance Co Apr. 10.1916 i 1 V ,V "^o^Pson L. I. City Real Estate May 9 1918 .,"?'P'i '"■. Thomson N.Y.City John Thomson Prtss Co. (Machinery) Feb. 3I 1919 t, J ;?. ^'■. N.Y.City Goodrich-Lockhart Co. (Real Estate) July 25.1918 Bernard \\. Timoney L.I. City Architect and Builder Apr 4 1919 .H " AT ^4?'^!''= L. I. City Tisdale Lumber Co. (Lumber. Coal. Wood) ... .Jan.' 12! 1916 r 'r''^'t 1, N.Y.City Toch Bros. (Paint. Varnish and Chemicals) ... Mar. 7 1913 L. K. lock.. L. I. City Pres., Tock Screw Machine Products Corp. ... Sept. 27. 1918 Thomas H. Todd N. Y. Crty Real Estate June 24 1919 L. J. Towneley L. I. City Mgr.. Metropolitan District. National Casket Co. _ TT r,. , (Caskets and LTndertakers' Supplies) Apr. 4.1919 George H. Townsend L. I. City Motometer Co.. Inc Apr 22 1919 Benjamin D. Traitel L. I. City Pres., Traitel Marble Co. (Mosaic, Tile Mar- ,,,.„■ _ ,, _ ^ ^ Me Works) Nov. 19, 1918 William C. Van Brunt L. I. City Pres.. William C. Van Brunt, Inc. (Structural ,, , ^ ,.,,,„,„ Steel and Iron) Nov. 25, 1919 John Cornelius Vander Pyl. College Point Personnel Supervisor, American Hard Rubber .„ . . ^ ,, , ^ , Co Sept. 27, 1918 Benjamin C. Vandcrwater. .L. I. City Mer., Corn Exchange Bank (Oucens County „,,,-, , ^ Branch) ." Dec. 20, 1912 D. A. Van Derwerken Corona Tiffany Studios (Architectural Iron and Bronze, ._,,-,,„ „ Lighting Fixtures) May 21. 1917 Iheodore J. Van Horen Brooklyn Pres., Jamaica Property Corporation Nov. 25, 1919 Garrett M. Van Siclen Jamaica Coal and Wood Mar 22 1918 Pete'- Van SicIen Jamaica Farmer Feb 10 1915 Paul L. Veeder L. I. City Sec'y-Treas.. Boyce-Veeder Corp. (Fire Ex- , T XT- , tinguishers) Apr. 22, 1920 L. J. Viehmann L, I. City Pres. and Treas. J. Chas. Teepe. Inc. (Wood- ,, ,, enware and Cabinet Work for Household L^se) .May 9,1918 August Vogel L. I. City Pres.. Imperial Paint Co Oct. 5,1916 F. A. Von Moschzisker N.Y.City Agent Real Estate Dcpt.. Pennsylvania Rail- road Co.) June 16. 1915 *Plural Memberships 1 New York City 159 Xatne Address Business Elected •Edwin S. Votey L. I. City Vice-Prcs. and Gen'l Mgr.. Aeolian Co. (Pianos. Victrolas and Musical Instruments) Mar. 8,1917 A. W. Walch L. I. City Sec'y, L. I. City Industrial Branch. Y. M. C. A.Feb. 3. 1919 R. O. Walker L. I. City Thibaut & Walker Co. (Varnishes) ■ Nov. 25. 1919 N. A. Wallace L. I. City Mgr.. La France Soap & Perfume Co Mar. 15, 1920 •J. J. Walsh Laurel Hill Personnel Mgr.. Nichols Copper Co June 24, 1919 R. Randel Wangeman L.I. City Ten Eyck Sc Wangeman Dec. 6.1918 Frederick H. Wappler L. I. City Trcas. Wappler Electric Co. (Electric and X-Ray Apparatus) Aug. 25. 1919 Fred .A. Wasserman Whitestone Trcas.. Elandes Ribbon Co.. Inc. (Silk Ribbon). July 25,1918 F. J. Weber Jamaica Photographer Apr. 22, 1920 Richmond Weed N. Y. City .\ttornev Charter •William W. Weitling College Point Treas.. .American Hard Rubber Co Oct. 22,1913 J. J. Wesley L. I. City Jletropolitan Electric Mfg. Co. (Electrical Spe- cialties) July 25, 1918 Charles M. White Jamaica Mgr. and Treas., Paragon Plaster Co. (Wall Plaster) Aug. 25,1919 •Herbert F. White L. I. City Mgr.. Plaza Branch Corn Exchange Bank Feb. 20,1920 •H. Winslow White L.I. City Pres., Columbia Paper Bag Co Jan. 12,1916 George H. Wicke Glendale Pres., William Wickc Ribbon Co Julv 25.1918 J. A. Wiginore N. Y. City Investments June 2, 1911 W. J. Wilkinson N. Y. City Zeese Wilkinson Co. (Color Plates, Engraving, etc.) Dec. 6,1918 •George H. Willcockson L. I. City VicePres., Loose-Wiles Biscuit Co Apr. 10, 1916 •Morris L. Willets L. I. City Sec'y Columbia Paper Bag Co Feb. 3, 1919 •-Mex. S. Williams L. I. City Chairman of Board. Astoria Mahogany Co Charter •H. Pushae \\'illiams L. I. City -Attorney; Pres., First Mortgage Guarantee Co. .Charter •Remsen T. Williams L. I. City Vice-Pres.. .\storia Mahogany Co Nov. 13, 1916 Timothy S. Williams Brooklyn Brooklyn Rapid Transit Co June 19,1913 W. H. Williams N. Y. City Banker Charter •Donald Wilson N. Y. City Gen'l Freight Agt., Long Island Railroad Oct. 5, 1?16 •Odbcrt P. Wilson L. I. City Vice-Pres., Norma Co. of America (Ball Bear- ings) Feb. 20,1920 •Wilbur C. Witherstine Jamaica Mgr., Queens County Branch, Title Guarantee & Trust Co June 19 1913 William O. Wood L. I. City Pres., N. Y. & Queens Co. Railway Co Oct. 7, 1914 •P. H. Woodward N. Y. City Gen'l Passenger Agt., L. I. Railroad Apr. 9. 1920 •Ray P. Woodin Jamaica Mgr., Title Guarantee & Trust Co Apr. 13, 1914 C. Curtis Woodruff L. I. City C. Curtis Woodruff & Co. (Builders and Con- tractors) .\ug. 16,1916 Walter Burnett Woodruff. .L. I. City Treas., John T. Woodruff & Son (Builders) .. .Jan. 26.1917 George E. Woods L. I. City .Astoria Light. Heat & Power Co Nov. 3, l9ll Frederic E. Wright L. I. City Pres. Weldrite Co., Inc .Apr. 22.1920 •I, H. Wright Jamaica Mgr., N. Y. Telephone Co June 16. ^16 Frank W. Yager Flushing Yager & Wagner (Coal, Wood, Masons* Sup- plies) Tan. 4,1918 William T. Yale Jamaica Vice-Pres.. Yale Land Co Dec. 8,1911 ■ H. Yellin College Point Eureka Rubber Co Jan. 12, 1920 •Nicholas P. Young L. I. City Young & Metzner (Bags and Bagging) Dec. 19,1916 C. J. Zimmerman N. Y. City Pres.. Carbola Chemical Co .Aug. 25, 1919 *PIural Memberships If you desire to cooperate with the prominent business men and pubHc spirited citizens of Queens Borough, fill out the following and mail to the office of the Chamber. 192 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens Bridge Plaza, Long Island Cit}', N. Y. Gentlemen : I hereby make application for meinbership in the Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens, New York Citj-. and, if elected, will abide by the rules and regulations of the organization as set forth in its By-laws. Dues $25 for each six months, payable May ist, and Nov. \st. Initiation fee $25. (Xame) .'\ddress Business 160 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens That the Queensboro Chamber of Commerce is keeping pace with the won- derful industrial, commercial, financial and residential growth of the Borough, can be readily seen by this chart indicating an increase from 55 charter members in 1911 to 625 members in April 1920. While our goal for this this year is 800 members, it is evident that at the present rate of growth the membership will soon be numbered by the thousands. New York City 161 ^ For Every Food Occasion there is a SUNSHINE BISCUIT to do its full share in making tkat occasion a success. For example. "' Tak - liom - a Biscuit" is supreme for Sandwiches — "Splits-in-two" — no crumbs — an exclusive feature. SUNSHINE BISCUITS are baked in Queens at the Wonder Bakery with the Thousand Windows. JopsE-\yiLES Biscuit (^mpanv BrancKes in over 100 Cities. Bakers o{ 162 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Oueexs THE LYON SPRING BUMPER THE BEST SELLING AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORY IN THE UNITED STATES OVER 1.000,003 SOLD ANNUALLY WHEN YOUR CAR IS EQUIPPED WITH LYON BUMPERS YOU ARE ALLOWED 15'p ON COLLISION INSURANCE. Manufactured Exclusively By Metal Stamping Company JOHN F. GALVIN. President LONG ISLAND CITY Telephone 926 Astoria EstaWis ,hed 1860 JOHN \m\m\\ & SON BUILDERS 1 Bridge Plaza WALTER B WOODRUFF Long Island City New York City I53 I™ """""" """ " ™™™™™"""» mmmmimimiinmiiiiiiiniiiiimiiiini , i,,,,,,,,,,,, , i,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,^ —^^ 'UliBir jf Meeting Conditions Our two hundred million dollars of resources are adequate to deal with the largest financial enter- prises. We place no limit on our service within the bounds of sound banking. Whatever our customers demand of us in the way of modern banking service, we are prepared to give willingly, definitely and with the efficiency and dispatch of a fully equipped, well balanced organ- ization. The growth of our customers' business finds us ready and waiting to fill their larger needs. Come in and let us help you with your problems. BANK OF M MANHATTAN COMPANY CHARTERED 1799 40 Wall Street 31 Union Square RJckmond Hill Jamaica Long laland City Woodhaven Far Rockaway Flushing Ridgewood Rockaway Beach Corona Fresh Pond Seaside College Point Elmhurst BANK OF LONG ISLAND SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY AT QUEENS OFFICES ^C-^J^^' 164 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens ^f arajHjajHfajHrajHfHjarafZfEJHJHJHJHfafaraJHrjarafErErararafEJHrajHRJEfEfHj^ iflortgage ILom^ FIRST MORTGAGE GUARANTEE COMPANY {First Mortgage Guarantee Company Building) 15 BRIDGE PLAZA NORTH LONG ISLAND CITY, BOROUGH OF QUEENS, CITY OF NEW YORK First Mortgages and Mortgage Certificates Guaranteed as to Principal and Interest Netting 5^% to purchaser r,iSSIZS3IZSZriJZniBI5SSIZIZIZIZISISI3IZISnS3}ISS3SZISnr3IZISIZI5IZRISni2IZI2IZIZISSSIZi^ 125 ACRES WITH WATER FRONT DEEP WATER AT BULKHEAD LINE CONVENIENT TO TROLLEY LINES EIVE CENT EARE TO NEW YORK CITY SUITABLE FOR HOME DEVELOPMENT, MOVING PICTURE PURPOSES, OR LARGE MANUFACTURING PLANT KouwENHovEN Estates, Inc. 15 BRIDGE PLAZA LONG ISLAND CITY, N. Y. TELEPHONE ASTORIA 1874-5 IRVING FOR ANCHORS MISC. IRON & STEEL FORCINGS PATENTED IRVING SUBWAY NOV. 26. 1912 VENTILATED FLOORING AND PATENTED TRADE IRVING SAFSTEP MARK Catalogs 2A63 and 2CI IRVING IRON WORKS CO. LONG ISLAND CITY. N. Y. New York City 165 (JacAsonX^iffMs Yf PLANT OF (/TENANT- OWNERSHIP OF GARDEN APARTMENTS 75 7//E miAl APARTMENT HOME OWNERSHIP PLAN Jackson Heignts is the ideal place to live, with its Tennis. Golf and other outdoor amusements, and its vigorous Community Life. Jackson Heights is only 20 minutes by Rapid Transit from mid town Manhattan. To reach Jackson Heights : Take the Queensboro Subway at 42nd Street Subway Station (Corona Line ) direct to 25th St. station. THE QUEENSBORO CORPORATION Jackson Heights Office Manhattan Office pposite 25th St. Subway Station 50 E. 42d St., Cor. Madison Ave. Telephone Newtown 2361 TelepKone Murray Hill 7057 Long Island City Bridge Plaza North TelepKone Astoria 801 166 Chamber of Commerce or the Borough of Queens VISIT the most rapidly developing section of Greater New York and see some of our attractive residences and factory sites. Transportation and skipping ideal. A little time spent in investigating this section will be time well spent. My office is at your service. GEORGE J. RYAN Real Estate, ^/[ortgage Loans and Insurance 46 JACKSON AVENUE. (Near 4th Street) LONG ISLAND CITY, N. Y. Telephones 3451 and 3452 Hunters Point APPRAISER OF REAL ESTATE 250 flCRK ON FLUSHING BflY-[flSTRIV[R 4000 FEET OF DEEP WATER FRONT 7K MILES FROM HERALD SQUARE IDEAL FOR LARGE MANUFACTURING PLANTS Long Island—Pennsylvania R. R. and N. Y. & Queens Trolley pass through the property. 5 cent fare to heart of N. Y. City. Labor ir. this section, in fact throughout Queens, has not joined in making such abnormal demands as have been made in other sections of the country where munitions were manufactured. The greater number of industrial wori^ers own their own homes and are not affected by the unusually high living costs prevailing in other localities. Existing homes, and plans for further and quick housing, assure the same conditions in the future. CONVINCING PROOF — Following companies with thousands of employees immediately surround this property: American Hard Rubber Company, Nathan Manufacturing Co., Kmpire Art Metal Co., Inc., Kleinert Rubber Co., L. W. F. Engineering Co.. Rainier Motor Truck Co., Chilton Paint Works, College Point Boat Corp., Hunter Illuminating Sign Co., National Chain Co., International Oxygen Co., Red Star Shipbuilding Corp., Beacon Falls Rubber Shoe Co., S. W. Rubber Co., The Master Machine Works, and others. Population of 50,000 — Flushing, College Point, Whitestone — all within 2 miles. For full information inquire JOHN W . R A P P EMPIRE BUILDING COLLEGE POINT, LONG ISLAND 2nd Ave., and 9th Street Telephone 1000 Flushing New York City 167 ^iiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin^ I ©1)^ Corn exchange | panfe iiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii NEW YORK Established 1853 BEAVER AND WILLIAM STREETS •^ Member of Federal Reserve System and of New York Clearing House •^ Capital and Surplus, $12,000,000 Net Deposits, $150,000,000 The Trust Department acts as Executor, Trustee, Administrator, Guardian, Agent and Depository of Securities. •^ FORTY-THREE BRANCHES IN GREATER NEW YORK BRANCHES LOCATED IN QUEENS BOROUGH Astoria BrancK 75 FULTON AVENUE. ASTORIA Plaza BrancK BRIDGE PLAZA AND ACADEMY STREET Steinway Ave. Brancli 252 STEINWAY AVENUE Flusning Branch 116 MAIN STREET, FLUSHING Queens Co. Brancli JACKSON AVENUE AND 4TH STREET Accounts Respectfully Solicited innm u u i ii iiii ii h hi u i ii i 168 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens What About a Trustee For Your Estate? By making the American Trust Company Trustee, experts wKo tKorouglily understand local conditions will supervise and conserve the principal as well as see to it that the income is promptly paid to the legatees. Our Bank is ready to meet your every need, and our officers are always at the service o{ the busy man, or woman, who desires advice. The American Trust Company Bridge Plaza North, Long Island City In Jamaica: 375 Fulton Street In Brooklyn: 203 Montague Street In Manhattan: 135 Broadway ■■••-vV;'.-V •■.■ THE • L- W- r • ENQNEERIN^ COMPANY, IN^ , COLL.ELGE. POINT, NEW YDRIS. New York City 169 I I ♦ ♦ GREENVVAT TBRRAC3ES AND FOREST HIHJ3 INN. Iforest IDills ©arbens is the property of the Sage Foundation Homes Company and is recog- nized to be the most comprehensive accompHshment in garden city or model town planning yet undertaken in America. Lest confusion and an indefinite impression exist as to just what Forest Hills Gardens is and represents, and in order to confute any opinion that it has been developed and undertaken with certain char- itable or philanthropic objects in view, it is well to state that this is not its aim. Forest Hills Gardens is a high-class suburban residential commu- nity conducted upon strictly business principles. It is a new type of high-class home community not to be confused with the usual ephem- eral development filled with absurb fancies and individual idiosyn- cracies. It is a successful project along garden city or model town plan- ning lines and contains the basis of a liberal education in this work. Residents of Queens Borough particularly should visit Forest Hills Gardens and become familiar with this great progressive under- taking, located in their Borough. SAGE FOUNDATION HOMES COMPANY Forest Hills, L. I., and 47 West 34th Street, Manhattan h ^^^^■^ jiHMfeji^ — ■ ♦ TYI'IC^L SKMI FIRErmiOF nwELI.lNr.s. i 170 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens LONG ISLAND C IT Y INDUSTRIAL z PROPERTIES Conveniently located to Dual Rapid Transit System ; Also locations witk Rail and Water facilities HENRY DUCHARDT 10 EAST 43rd street, NEW YORK IRON "» STEEL BARS AND SHAPES BURDEN IRON PRODUCTS NORWAY AND SWEDISH IRON ROUNDS SQUARES ANGLES HOOPS BANDS FLATS HEXAGONS JEES PLMES SHEETS TOOL STEEL BEAMS BLACK AND COLD DRAWN STtEL CHANNELS GALVANIZED ESTABLISHED 1829 EGLESTON BROS. & CO., Lc 166 SOUTH STREET, NEW YORK GITY Cable Address: Egleston, N. Y. New York C'itv 171 LATHAM LITHO & PRINTING CO. THE above picture is a preliminary sketch of our new Long Island City Plant which we are ex- pecting to build during 1920, to add to the Industry and Beauty of Queens Borough, and to take care of our increasing need of space and facilities. And our purpose is to have a building of some beauty and attractiveness, something to properly express the Advertising Value and the Art Value of our product. Our main product is Billboard Posters such as you see along the roads and highways every- where, called 24-sheet Posters. Our special Facil- ities and Equipment along this line are the biggest and best in the country. Many of our customers say that we are making the best Billboard Posters that are produced, as to Advertising Art and Design, and as to quality of Paper, of Colors, and of durability of Inks. fVe are making at present about 40% of all the Commercial Posters produced in the country — due alone to our special and superior knowledge and facilities along that line. Our further specialties are: Window Displays, Cut-outs, Hangers, Car Cards, Show Cards, and other such Advertising Material. Until we get into our new plant, our address is Bush Temunal L7ITIH7IM LITHO Brooklyn N. Y. 172 Chamber of Commerce rip the P.oRnu(;n of Oueexs SURE FOOTED ON ALL ROADS IN A' L WEATHER FABRICS CORDS Win Absolute Confidence By Unvarying Performance The Choice of Motorists Who Know Quality. MORE MILES BETTER SERVICE REAL ECONOMY MADE BY THE BRUNSWICK-BALKE- OF NEW YORK COLLENDER GO., 39 W. 32nd St., New York, N. Y. DEALERS EVERYWHERE ALBTRT B. TEN EYCK r'Y-THEAS. Telephone jji Astoria R RANDEL WANGEMAN PRESIDENT TEN EYCK & WANGEMAN, Inc. 104 Main street Long Island City. N. Y. Realty Investments Estates Managed Insurance Renting REPRESENTING Aetna Casualty d Surety Co- Massachusetts F. & M. Ins. Co. Aetna Life !ns. Co. Niagara Fire Ins. Co. The Automobile Ins. Ca. Reliance Ins. Co. London Assurance Corporation Westchester Fire Ins Co. Hudson Insurance Co. ALBANY. N. Y. ASHEVILLE. N. C, BALTIMORE. M, D. BOSTON. MASS, (2) BROOKLYN. N. V. BUFFALO. N. Y. CHICAGO. ILL, CLEVELAND. O. e. CAMBRIDGE, MASS. HARLEM. N. Y . INDIANAPOLIS, IND. LOU1SFVILLE, KY. LONG ISLAND CITYN.Y NASHVILLE. TENN. NEW HAVEN. CDNN. NEW YORK. N. Y. ONEIDA. N. Y. PHILAOELP.HIA. PA. PITISBUR3. PA. ROCHESTER. N. Y. SCRANTON. PA. SYRACUSE, N. Y. WASHINGTON. D.C. MAIN OFFICE: Metropolitan District Jackson Avenue - Bridge Plaza LONG ISLAND CITY. N. Y. i^attinml Cnmpanp New York City 173 The Pierce-Arrow Service Building in Long Island City is located on Jackson and Freeman Avenues at 5th and 6th Avenues, and extends through to Webster. Giving Greater New York A Greater PIERCE ARROW Greatness in a motor car or truck depends partly upon perfected service. And the Pierce-Arrow in New York has at its beck and call the best-equipped service station in America. Its 200,000 square feet of floor space are equipped with modern machinery and every facility to give Pierce-Arrow owners prompt and valuable service. A complete stock of supplies and parts, valued at more than $175,000, is constantly carried. Experienced mechanics, trained in Pierce-Arrow con- struction at the Bufifalo factory, are here to look after your passenger car or truck. These unusual facilities cut down the time required for adjustments, replacements and overhauling. They mean better continuous results from all Pierce-Arrows in this territory. Whoever puts a Pierce-Arrow to work in New York has as good a car or truck as can be built, backed up by as efficient a service as can be created. HARROLDS MOTOR CAR COMPANY Salesrooms : New York City : 233 West Fifty-Fourth Street Brooklyn; 1119 Atlantic Ave. Pouchkeepsie; 57 Market St. 174 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens PLANT: Freeman Avenue and William St. Long Island City REGISTERED Acorn Silk Company N. Y. OFFICE AND SALESROOM: 334 Fourth Avenue New York City Emil Caiman & Co. 100 William St. New York iimiiiiiiiimiimiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiimiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiNiiiiiin FACTORY Vernon & Harris Aves. Long Island City Manufacturers of the highest grades of Enamels Varnislies Baking Japans Etc. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii ESTABLISHED 1850 Tel. 39J Astoria VOSKA, FOELSCH & SIDLO, Inc OFFICE & FACTORY Mills St. Astoria. L. I. Near 92nd St. Ferry Marble Work oi Every Description Joseph J, Kozak Henry E. McLoughlin Pres. Vicc-Pres. & Treas. KOZAK & MCLOUGHLN, nc. LADIES FOOTWEAR Factory: 14th St. 6? Governor Place Long Island City. N. Y. Tel. Hunlerspoint 191 New York City 175 T^HE MANHATTAN-ROME COM- -*• ANY is the New York branch! of the Rome Metallic Bedstead Company, of Rome, New York. The concern operates similar branches in Baltimore, Boston and Chicago. The Manhattan-Rome Company it- self operates branches in Albany Buffalo, Newark, New Haven, Phila- delphia, Rochester and Wilkesbarre. This entire division is supplied from the factory in Long Island City and handled as a saUs-unii from the show rooms in the Marbiidge Building. Rome Products-metal beds, springs cots, couch-beds and hammocks are recognized as standard througl out the country. MANHATTAN-ROME COMPANY LONG ISLAND CITY. NEW YORK '.UL 176 Chambt;r of Commerce of the Borough of Queens DEreNDER MflNOFACTORING CO.. Inc. PEARSON STREET — DEGNON TERMINAL LONG ISLAND CITY MANUFACTURERS OF SHEETS, PILLOW CASES, BED SPREADS, ETC. Queens torougk Lumber Co., Inc. FLUSHING YARD 40-80 West Bradford Avenue TelepKone 3386 FlusKing BAYSIDE YARD Park Avenue and 2nd Street Telephone 63 Bay-^ide WHITESTONE YARD lltt Avenue and 22nd Street Telephone 1646 Flushing For More Than Half a Century This Triangle Trade-Mark WD X3^ HAS IDENTIFIED TheWorld^s Best Pipes MANUFACTURED BY WM. DEMUTH & CO. NEW YORK New York City 177 JflCKfj^OST TABLET SUGAR The tdbict wliicli appeals io discnmittcstinA people. Ldcli piece wliitc.pure dud per^d Of uniform size. No chips iti ih© box. tiowas^e onihetd,ble - - - - - 100% Puip Cane Sii (3dr THE NATIONAL SUGAR REFINING CO. OF NEW JEHSEY Yo r k-r ^ 178 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens '^ARMOR'' REG. U. S. PAT. OFF. QUALITY BOILER ARCHES AND JAMBS, SIDE WALL AND BRIDGE WALL BLOCKS. GREENPOINT FIRE BRICK CO. Office: 111 Clay Street, Brooklyn Branch: Borden Avenue, L. I. City Docks-EAST RIVER Harris Avenue to Bnglis Street TelepKones 4151-4152 Hunters Point YOONG & 1T2N[R Bags and Bagging OFFICE AND FACTORY: 321 to 379 Vernon Avenue LONG ISLAND CITY N. Y. 1855 1920 J. ^ T. ADIKES Grain Seeds Flour Produce Feed Groceries JAMAICA FLUSHING TOP NOTCH 1 BEACON^ FALLS 1 1 RUBBER FOOTWEAR Made with patented heels thai last as long as Ihe soles. Rubbers and canvas i hoes with rubber soles that fit better, look better a-d wtar better than the ordin- v^ ^ ary kind. That's why they |iiipy*ml are Top Notch. Look for the l -/A\J Top Notch cross trade mark. BEACON FALLS RUBBER SHOE COMPANY College Point. Long Island, New York, New York City 106 Duane Street New York Citv 179 "3' N the BorougK oi Queens, twelve min- utes from Pennsylvania Station, New York City, eignty-seven trains daily. Twenty-five minutes by trolley from Long Island City, Fifteen minutes by automobile from Long Island City on Queens Boulevard. Houses for sale — bouses built to order — Lots for sale — easy terms. OFFICES B2 Hilltam direct, itlanhattan JPurest ?^iUB, lorougl) of 0mtnB, iC. 3). 180 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens TIFFANY m) STVDIOS ORNAMENTAL BRONZE AND IRON WORK Entrance and Vestibule Doors, Gates ana Arcnways. Marquises, Candelabra, Bank Screens, Check Desks, Tablets, Clocks, Stair Railings, Elevator Fronts and Cars, Andirons, Statuary Bronze, Etc. LIGHTING FIXTURES Cbandeliers, Wall Brackets, Entrance Torcheres, Ceiling Discs and Tinany Lighting Glassware CORONA, LONG ISLAND. N. Y. Q UEENS HEADQUARTERS FOR Xumber, TDimber -an^- Buil&ers' Supplies 5,000,000 ft. Stock of Long and Short Leaf Yellow Pine and Spruce, Rough or Dressed. All sizes from 1" x 2" Furring Strips to 14" x 14" Timber. Steerco Sand and Gravel Mixture, Sand, Stone, Gravel, Cement, Brick, Lime, Brick Partitions, Etc. STEVEDORING AND TRUCKING 1f3untev8point Xumber S. Supply €o., unc. DcGiioii terminal, X. II. dit^, in. ^. Ptone 2986-7-8 Hunterspoint New York City 181 E THIRD OF OUR BUSINESS comes from Queens County tlirough our Jamaica Office in the Post Office Build- ing, and its all good business. WE WANT MORE OF IT ! We examine and guarantee Titles to Real Estate and we make Loans on building operations and homes. See Mr. Jacobs, our Manager in Jamaica, and he will give you courteous and prompt attention. HOIVIE XIT1.E ITWtjRAlVCE •^ .^^NEWYORK Capital and Surplus, over $1,200,000 HENRY J. DAVENPORT. President HARRY B. HAWKINS I DWIGHT COMSTOCK ^Loc.lBo.rd Home Office:— 383 Jay Street, Brooklyn. New York 182 Chamder of Commerce of the Borough of Queens BUY IN QUEENSBOROUGH SHEET METAL PRODUCTS ARC, OXY-ACETYLENE, ELECTRO-SPOT WELDING SEND US YOUR BLUE PRINTS FOR QUOTATION THE HUNTER ILLUMINATED CAR SIGN CO. FLUSHING. - NEW YORK JUST ENTERING QUEENS THE KNOTT HOTELS KEW GARDENS INN Just completea at Kew Gardens, Lon^ Island, IS our latest notel. tnorougnly modern and up to date. Operated on the residential American plan UNDER KNOTT MANAGEMENT NOW OPERATING IN NEW YORK CITY HOTEL HOLLEY HOTEL ALBERT HOTEL WELLINGTON HOTEL EARLE HOTEL IRVING HOTEL LE MARQUIS HOTEL JUDSON THE BERKELEY THE VAN RENSSELAER Write or Phone Manager for Rates GEO. H. WARTMAN, Manager Telephone Richmond Hill 3892 New York City 183 A VITAL SHAVING TRUTH Does your razor shave "clean and smooth" one day. then scrape and pull the next? Rust causes the difference. very razor blade has a fine "saw" edge. You cannot wipe it absolutely dry. Lather and moisture cause invisible rust to form over night between the microscopic teeth of the razor edge. This destroys its keenness and makes the razor pull. A drop or two of 3-in-One prevents this rust. Before tomorrow nrorning's shave do this : Moisten tip of thumb and finger with a drop of 3-in-One and draw edge of razor blade between. That's all. 3-in-One Oil puts real joy into your shaving. Effective for both old style and safety razors. To make your strop take hold of the razor better, rub a few drops of 3-in-One into it occasionally. You 11 notice the difference at once. FREE Special Razor Saver Circular and generous sample of 3-in-One, sent anywhere without charge. Ask for both on a postal card. 3-in-One 13 sold at all stores in 1 or.. 3 or. and 8 oa. bottles and in 3 oz. Handy Oil Cans. TKree-m-One 0,1 Co.. 165 AER. Broadway, New York Cty 184 Chambkr of Commerce of the Borough of Oueexs MAHOGANY LUMBER and VENEERS cTWills and Yards: LONG ISLAND CITY New York Office: 347 MADISON AVE. JURGEN RATHJEN COMPANY Wholesale and Retail Dealers in COAL ANTHRACITE BITUMINOUS I WE SPECIALIZE IN FACTORY TRADE | I COAL POCKETS | I Foot of TwelitK Street and Vernon Avenue | I Telephone 3456-3457 Hunterspoint | 1 Jackson Avenue and Madden Street | I Telephone 769 Astoria | I Phone and Ask Us to Have Our Representative Call | Riiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiniiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiittiiiniiiniiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiwiiiiiiiiiiii^^ Xkw York City 185 AERO UIEW OF LAURELTON Edurelton Long Island THE GARDEN SUBURB IN NEW YORK CITY Unexcelled Transit - All Public Utilities A well developed community on the south side of Queens Borough Wonderful shade trees and beautiful flowers Highly restricted but moderately priced Twenty-five minutes from Manhattan LAURELTON SALES COMPANY, Inc. LAURELTON BUILDING Thirty-third Street and Seventh Avenue Phone 1119 Greely Office on Property TYPICAL LAURELTON HOMES 186 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens 'SERVICE THAT PLEASES'' Henry M. Dietz iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiniiiiiiiiiiininiiiiiiimiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiitmiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiir REAL ESTATE Homes and Factory Sites iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiniiiiiin^ Mortgage Loans Negotiated General Insurance 390 NINTH AVENUE LONG ISLAND CITY, N. Y. LONG ISLAND rOUNDRY CO., INCORPORATED Heavy ana LigKt Grey IRON CASTINGS lltK and 12tli Streets Near East Avenue Long Island City, N. Y. Teleplione Hunterspoint 1794 T ots, Plots, Houses, Factory Sites and Water Fronts In Long Island City and Vicinity FOR SALE BY ROE H. SMITH & CO. 137 Fulton Ave. Long Island City, N. Y. New York Citv 187 ^ ^M^.■^.^.^M^.^.^.^.■^.^.■^.^.^.■^.^M^.»^.^.^.^.^.^■^.^.^.^.^.^.^.^.. I ■. ^ .■ ^ ■■ | ■»^.^.^.^.^.^^^^^^■^^^^«^■^^^^^^^^^^^ ^■ZERS S. Karpex & Bros., Loxc, Isi.ax;) City Patterson-Sargext Co., Loxg Islaxd City . / View Across the Village Green —NEW YORK 6? PHILADELPHIA AND CONSTRUCTORS 26 years experience) Hotels Office Buildings Institutions andScliools ChurcKes Housing and Town Planning 202 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queexs PHONE c/lSTORIA 101 ESTABLISHED 1890 o4. Recknagel, Inc. 407—414 STEINWAY AVENUE LONG ISLAND CITY HARDWARE FACTORY, MILL CBi. CONTRACTORS' SUPPLIES ROOFING TINSMITHS LEADERS LIVE AT BROADWAY ON THE HILL FLUSHING 110 FEET ABOVE THE SEA CHOICE BUILDING LOTS AND PLOTS FOR SALE MONEY ADVANCED TO BUILD ALLYN-HALL REALTY CO. 320-322 FIFTH AVENUE Phone Madison Sq. 1412 CROSS & BROWN COMPANY 18 East 41st St., New York City Teleptono Murr.y Hill 7100 Has Built and Sold Over 325.000 Square Feet Oi Fireproof Factory Space. In Long Island City 125.000 Square Feet Now Under Construction. Will Build To Suit and Lease or Sell On Easy Terms — Location as Selected. Factory and Factory Sites With and Without Railroad Siding We specialize in Industrial Properties New York City 203 j MiUfflUilRgM FURNITURE MANUFACTURERS REPLICAS FROM ENGLISH. FRENCH AND ITALIAN SCHOOLS INCORPORATED Factory : SkiUmai. Ave. & Rawson St. Long Idland City Showroom : 112 West 42ncl Street New York City ?1Rrr i r7Tir7^?n fB^si7^ff^>7'^??^fp^n?^^^ 204 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens '\{7HES5HEsSHEsShEs5HEs5HEsCHEs5HE5SHEs5HESSHEsSHEsSHESS"M? in LU .X. U7 \n 111 X- 07 in ■II j: U7 tn ui :x. in IU7 CO \J? U7 IT U7 A Location Service For Manufacturers C A complete listing of all available space, land or buildings, with and without railroad sid- ings, on waterfront and inland, in or near New York City. C Clients of this office will finance and erect buildings on a long term lease, or sell the com- pleted buildings on easy terms. American Chicle Co. Sawyer Biscuit Co. Defender Mfg. Co. Rome Metallic Bedstead Co. The Aeolian Co. and other leading manufacturers located in Long Island City through HEsS Ml IT \{? U7 u.' \r LLi U7 m ■u uJ in Business Property IXDUSTRIAL ])I-,PT. 907 Broadway, New York Telephone Stuyvesant 4200 HES5HES5HESSHESSHES5HES5HES5HES5HE55HES5'hESS}HES^ES^ in .X ESTABLISHED 1880 (e hnrich OVEN BUILDERS FOR JAPANNING ENAMELING LACQUERING GENERAL SHEET METAL WORK:RS INCORPORATED 1915 GEHNRIGH INDIREGT HEAT OVEN GO., SKILLMAN AVE.. HONEYWELL AND BUCKLEY STS. fiNC. LONG ISLAND CITY New York City 205 OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AND MILL CONSTRUCTION ANYWHERE IN GREATER NEW YORK REPETTI, Inc. 1 will erect builtJings containing any- where from 10.000 to 100.000 square feet of maniilacturing space for any responsiole prospective lessee. I will Duild and s-iU tKe structure for a small cash consideration, taking a mortgage, to be amortized over an agreed period, for tne balance. Tne plan will make it possible for the client to reduce rental overhead to approx- imately one-half present cost. New Building* I Have Erected in Queens Borough (a) REPETTI. INC., 14th St. and Ely Ave., L. 1. City (b) FRUIT PRODUCTS, "Washington and 6th Aves. (c) PERFECT WINDOW REGULATOR CO., Harris and Van Alst Aves. (d) PIROXLOID PRODUCTS CORP., Sth St.. near Jackson Ave. (e) C. H. MOTORS, Ely and Henry Sts. (f) TRANSPORT SER\aCE, INC., Harris Ave. (g) GEHNRICH INDIRECT HEAT OVEN CO., Skillman Ave. and Honeywell St. (h) C. E. SHEPPARD Co., Van Alst Ave. and 12th St. (i) ART ORNAMENT CO., 3rd St. and Jackson Ave. LOUIS GOLD 44 COURT STREET BROOKLYN, N. Y. Phone M one main 7050 206 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens M O T T t» L U A^I B I X G MOTT PLUMBING IS GIVING SATISFACTOlt V SKUVICE IN COUNTLESS INDUSTRIAL PLANTS THROUGHOUT THK COUNTRY WRITK FOR OUR C ^TALOCSUE OK MOUKRV Pl.L'MKING ICQUI l».MKNT FOR FACTORIES The J. L. Mott Iron Works XIH Kn-' rii AvKNUK. Xew York lir> Hroad\va.v. Lono I^^lano Citv DONNER HOUSE WRECKING CO., INC. DEALERS IN NEW AND SECOND HAND LUMBER OFFICE AND YARDS: ELY AVENUE AND NORTH JANE STREET LONG ISLAND CITY. N. Y. TELEPHONE ASTORIA 338 New York City 207 208 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Oueens C. A. WILLEY CO. MANUFACTURERS OF Automobile Paints, Colors Varnishes, Etc. LONG ISLAND CITY NEW YORK Knickerbocker I ce Company Howell, Field & Goddard, Inc. MANUFACTURERS OK Standwell Standardized Steel Covered Doors and Combination Steel Bucks, Jambs and Trim LATITE ASPHALT SHINGLES ; Patented Cost Less to Buy Cost Less to Lay THAN ANY OTHER GOOD ROOF OFFICES AND FACTORY: Review Avenue, L. I. City Telephone .qq-, ' Hunters Point The NAME of KARPEN K&rpeo GMBLraovleed. FMrivilMre CHICAGO MICHIGAN CITY-NEWTORK distinguishes our Furniture irom the crdinary S. KARPEN & BROS DESIGNERS MANUEACTURERS SHOWROOMS 1 1 1 W. 37tk St. . New York City » 8tk St. & Wabash Ave., Cticago, 111. FACTORIES Chicago Michigan City Long Island City New York City 209 G IBSON MODEL STUCCO HOME DEVELOPMENT :s AT El MHUKST MANOR WITH AUTO DRIVEWAYS 1 ^ ^^^P^^^H "W 'Vjjii' Li-iijiir i ^^Bi^^^l jtA^'^ . • Makers of Lighting FixxrRES 1(11 Pakk avenue Factohv at foktikth st. xs-sl wilbur avenuk Nem- York long island City New York City 211 Largest Life Insurance Business in the World Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (incorporated by the state or new York) HALEY FISKE, President FREDERICK H. ECKER, Vice-Pres. Total Amount of Outstanding Insurance .... $5,343,652,434 Larger than that of any utiicr Ccmpany in the JP'orld. Ordinary (annual premium) Life Insurance paid for in 1919 - $910,091,087 More than lias ever been placed i)i one year by any Company in the World. Industrial (weekly premium) Insurance paid for in 1919 - $508,590,405 More than has ever been placed in one year by any Company in the World. Total Insurance placed and paid for in 1919 - - . $1,418,681,492 The largest amount ever placed in one year by any Company in the World. Gain in Insurance in Force in 1919 $914,140,618 More than ever lias been gained in one year by any Company in the World. The Company gained more insurance in force in 1919 than any other Company li'rote. Number of Policies in Force December 31, 1919 - - - 21,770,671 Larger than that of any other Company in America. Gain in Number of Outstanding Policies .... 1,986,410 Larger than any Company in the World has ever gained in one year. Assets $864,821,824.55 Increase in Assets during 1919 $89,367,126.27 Larger than that of any other Company in the World. Liabilities $835,736,487.38 Surplus $29,085,337.17 Number of Claims paid in 1919 289,125 Averaging one policy paid for every 30 seconds of each business day of 8 hours. Amount paid to Policy-holders in 1919 $73,581,759.91 Payment of claims averaged $505.93 a minute of each business day of 8 hours. Metropolitan Nurses made 1,300,883 visits free of charge to 256,000 sick Industrial Policy-holders. Metropolitan men distributed over Twelve Millions of pieces of literature on health— Bringing the total distribution to over 200,000.000. Reduction in general mortality at ages 1 to 74 in eight years, 17.9 per cent. Typhoid reduction, 69 per cent.; Tuberculosis, over 33 per cent.; Heart disease, over 23 per cent.; Bright's disease, over 25 per cent.; In- fectious diseases of children over 46 per cent. In general reduction and in each case of disease, this is far greater than that shown by statistics of the Registration Area of the United States. Death Rate for 1919 on its Industrial Business lowest in History of Company. sjce Pagi'.s >,, ami JIJ lur i!l"'5tiMtion.'i m' oiii- new I'riiitinij and Binding Plant in Long Lsla.nd City. 212 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens /»■ THE BOROUGH'S NEWEST INDUSTRY BOOK MANUFACTURING ■•5S3.- "=*ir^^^^^5ni^. Located in the New, Up-to-the-Minute METROPOLITAN LIFE BUILDING Court Square, Long Island City AFTER DECEMBER 1st, 1920 J. F. TAPLEY COMPANY ESTABLISHED 1850 NOW AT 531-3-5 West 37th Street, Manhattan Mailind Container of" this book supplied by .3?) BROCK\V^^-FITZHUGH'STEWART-InC. DECATUR ST. and IRVING AVE. BROOKLYN, NEW YORK Makers of Labels -Folding Boxes. Fibre and GoiTudated Shipping Containers. m This publication was bound by a Queens Borough industry — J. F. Tapley Company; and mailed in containers supplied by another Queens Borough industry— Brockway- ntzhugh-St&zvart, Inc. New York City 213 ^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimii iiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiN iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'ii QUEENS' NEWSPAPER Home of Long Island Siar Publishing Co. btar Square, Radde and Henry Streets Devoted to the Civic Social and Manu- facturing Development of QUEENS BOROUGH Advertising the wants of its people j Insisting on the rights of its citizens | And encouraging the growth of its manufacturing | This Star has not been dim since 1864 | To reach the people of Queens | Advertise in the Daily Star | PRINTING, BOOKBINDING | LARGEST PLANT IN QUEENS | Cominercial. Social and Legal Printing of Every Character | THIS BOOK IS FROM OUR PRESSES | WHEN YOU NEED PRINTING OUR ADDRESS IS | STAR SQUARE I RADDE AND HENRY STREETS. LONG ISLAND CITY | TELEPHONE 1 900 ASTORIA | Long Island Star Publishing Company | \iiiiiiiinimiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiitmiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiittiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiim Tliis f-uhlication ifn.? f>ii!:tcd by one uf the oldest (Juccns Borough industries — Long Island Star Publishing Company. 214 CHA^rI■.ER OF Commerce of the Borough of Queens JAMAICA PROPERTY CORP. THEODORE J. VAN HOREN, PRESIDENT Telepnone Jamaica 878 Sutphm Boulevard ana Jamaica Avenue JAMAICA, NEW YORK CITY Lots - Plots - Acreage - Factories Residential Property ON THE HILL BY THE L^KE NEAR THE BAY Properties Sold, Rented. ExcKanged Lots ior Builder on Terms Jamaica Park South Athens Heights SALES AGENT FOR Sutphin Park Arcadian Terrace Jamaica Villa Park Jamaica Harbor Plaza ESTABLISHED 1H44 BRETT LITHOGRAPHING CO FINE OFt-SETT COLOR PRINTING AMABLE AVENUE. PEARSON A\n MEADOW ■STREETS fit New York City 215 Queensborough -AND- Tlie White Company This company enters the industrial life of Queenshorough with the establishment of its New York Branch selling offices, service station and Foreign Department offices in a new building now being completed at School Street and Thomson Avenue, Long Island City. To serve the entire metropolitan district, the installation and maintenance service available to users of White Trucks has been highly developed. Every facility has been pro- vided to give White users a 100' f transportation service and to take care of the steadily increasing demand tor White Trucks. THE WHITE COMPANY Cleveland New York BrancK : Madison Ave. at 45th Street ^s 216 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens The Plant Back of the STATION No. 1— FLUSHING ELECTRIC An important factor in determii These modern distributing stations are typic^ ADEQUATE an? i Boroug-h of Queens NEW YORK CBi, QUEENS ELECTRIC LIGHT ca, POWER CO. New York City lectric Power Service STATION No. 2— JAMAICA POWER ing the location of your factory Df the plant and equipment which provide RELIABLE POWER Lhe Nfew York City BRIDGE PLAZA, LONG ISLAND CITY Unlimited Capacity 218 CiiA^.rp.F.R f)F Commerce of the Borough of Oueexs J. P. DUFFY CO. BRICK - LIME - CEMENT TERRA COTTA BLOCKS AND OTHER MASONS' BUILDING MATERIAL ASTORIA YARD: JACKSON AVE. and MADDEN ST. Brooklyn: Second Ave. and 51st St. New York. 138lh Street &. Park Avenue m. WICKE RIBBON GO. GLENDALE, L. I. Phone Hunterspoint 2070 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND APPARATUS REPAIRED Expert Rewinding A. C. and D. C. Motors and Generators Maintenance, Repairs, Contracting ana Installation 150 JACKSON AVENUE LONG ISLAND CITY New York City 219 220 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queexs TRANSPORT SERVICE, Inc. HARRIS AVENUE AND SHERMAN ST. LONG ISLAND CITY, N. Y. Gasoline & Electric Vehicles Motor Trucks Pleasure Cars Parts Motor Repair & ReHulldlnn Commepclal and Pleasure Bodies. Painting, Trimming and Upholstering Machine Shop Blacksmith Work Carburetor Service Magneto Service Battery Service Garage Emergency Service ^^ii-iLiii Roadside Repair ?rd Tow- ing. Day and Night. Auto Trucks Storage Warehouses Export and Import Shipments and Freight Col- lections from all Piers and Terminals In Greater Ntw York. ^ Carload Lot Spot Distri- butions a Specialty. Out of Town Accounts So* ^ Melted. j^ Merchandise Transpo'ted to r< r;"^ all Parts of the World. r-vrijs^-i Custom House License No. 202. TELEPHONE ASTORIA 1881 — 1882 TKe Ronzoni M acaroni Co. INCORPORATED , 612—616 Jackson Avenue Long Island City, N. Y. GRADY MFG. CO. 250-256 Ely Ave. Long Island City METAL POLISHES LIQUID AND PASTE NON-INFLAMMABLE AND INFLAMMABLE lltlPERIAL NETAL HFG. CORP. M- jj/iiimiuftj^ 81-3-5 8UN8WICK 8T„ L. I. CITY MfPS. OF SPRINKLER TOPS AND METAL SPECIALTIES Frederick A. Russell. Manager NEWTOWN CREEK TOWING CO. RIVER AND HARBOR TOWING BOATS SUPPLIED WITH POWERFUL PUMPS FOR FIRE OR WRECKING PURPOSES AND TESTING BOILERS BOATS LAY UP AT HUNTERS POINT BRIDGE MAIN OFFICE 9 JACKSON AVE . LONG ISLAND CITY MAIN OFFICE TELEPHONES ( 3841 I HUNTERS DAY AND NIGHT 1 3842 i POINT DAY AND NIGHT TOWING New York City 221 ^rleigf); Fifteen Minutes from Grancj Cent- tral Subway Station. ?c. Fare. 100 Acres Under Development. Adjoining the New 60 Acre Million Dollar Water Front Park . 100 HOUSES NOW BUILDING Six and seven rcoms, with heated garage and private driveway. Colonial b-i'-k. f>nr- quet flocrs, white enamel trim, hot w^ater heat, tiled bath and kitchen. Take Queensboro Suhway train from Grand Central Suhway Station, direct to the prcpepty. one block from Dilmars Avenue Station. By motor, from Queenshoro Bridge fel- low lerft branch of Elevated road to DIt- mars Avenue Station. Send for photographs, floor plans and Pi.rtlcufaj's. Brckers protected. The New Home Colony Tel. Murray Hill 1190 52 Vanderbilt Avenue HS NEW QUEENS BOROUGH PLANT OF JOHN SIMMONS CO. ONE CITY BLOCK LONG ISLAND CITY 222 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queexs For Expert Opinions on Queens Borou^n Real Estate Consult Mr. Halleran of the Halleran Agency Flushing, N. Y. EDWARD SMITH & COMPANV West Ave., 6th is 7th Sts. Long Islana City New York 1 82 7 iiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiininiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiniiiiitJ NiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiittniiiuiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuuiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiii' Varnish Makers and Color : Grinders Phone Hunterspoint 4045 A.PETRY 87 Fifth Street Long Island City, N. Y. WASTE AND WIPERS •• ON - THE - SPOT •• DELIVERY 20000 Lbs. ;n Sto^k NEW YORK AGENT HAGY BROTHERS, Inc. PHILADELPHIA 1M Brooklyn Daily Eagle JobPrintingDepartment Largest Plant in Brooklyn and Long Island iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii INVITES your BOOKLETS in spection and patron- age. A staff of e ffi c le n t and courteous repre- sentatives are at your service for consultation, advice, and estimates of cost. iiiiii{iii]iiiiiiii!i;iiiiiii:i)iti!iimiiiiiiiiiiiiiii:iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii:i:!;ii]!i(iii:iiiiiiiiiiiiiii[iiiiiiiii]iiiliiiillll FiftK Floor, ".■ Eagle Building Brooklyn, N. Y. 305 Washington Street Telephone 6200 Main P R O G RAMS R E PORTS A R T W O R K COLOR WORK EN G RAVING New York City 223 H. B. K. ELECTRICCOMPM 92 JACKSON AVENUE, LONG ISLAND CITY Industrial. Electrical Power and Lt^Kting Installations A Fully Equipped Modern Repair Sliop for Motors and Electrical Apparatus Westinghouse Agents in tlie Borou ;K of Queens Telephone 612 Hunterspornt __Ortfat)ic Salt and Acid Co- LLC. . — -i^- G.Piei co mc Organic Salt and Acid Co. NewarlC N. J. Adief Vene*r Ss&tCa. 224 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queexs •iN INCORPORATED STEEL CONSTRUCTION DESIGNERS, FABRICATORS AND CONSTRUCTORS OF STEEL BRIDGES, BUILDINGS, TANKS, TOWERS, SUGAR FACTORIES, WARE HOUSES AND STORAGE BUILDINGS Twenty Five Years Service supplying factory and industrial buildings of steel or concrete; steel construction in barges. bridges. trestles. viaducts. stacks. tanks, radio and transmission towers. mine shafts and head frames. structural steel shapes. reinforcing steel. corrugated steel and steel sash. PHONE. WRITE OR WIRE FOR OUR REPRESENTATIVE YOUR INQUIRIES WILL RECEIVE OUR IMMEDIATE ATTENTION !^ Lawyers Title and Trust Company Capital ----- Surplus and Profits - $4,000,000 5,994,552 Examines and insures titles to real property. Lends money on bond "snd mortgage. Sells f'rst mortgages and mortgage certificates, guaranteed as to principal and interest; and first mort- gages without guarantee. Allows interest on deposits subject to check or on certificate. Designated depository for court funds and money of bankrupt estates. Acts as executor and trustee. Transacts all trust com- pany business. 160 Broadway, New York 188 MONTAGU! ST.. BKN. 44 COURT ST.. BKN. I3S4 B'WAV. BKN. 367 FULTON ST.. JAMAICA. N. V. 383 E. U9fH STREET. NEW YORK 160 MAIN ST.. WHITE PLAINS. N. K. LONG ISLAND FINANCE CORPORATION 359 Fulton Street Jamaica, N. Y. Telephone Jamaica 100 ROBERT \V. HIGBIE PRESIDENT HAMILTON A. HIGBIE VICE PRESIDENT & TREASURER ■WM. H. SHANNON SECRETARY MORTGAGE INVESTMENTS New York City 225 Matching the Growth of Business Entering the seventieth year of its service to business, the Irving National Bank has completed the circle of its functions by merger of its allied institution, the Irving Trust Company. The union is the natural outcome of close association and common ownership, now that the amendment of the federal bank law per- mits the two institutions to join forces without sacrifice of customer service. To the friendly personal service which the Long Island City Office offered before the merger, the union of the two Irvings enables its officers to add the facilities and resources of the greater in- stitution and to place at the disposal of depositors every modern banking service, national and international. IRVING NATIONAL BANK LONG ISLAND CITY OFFICE BRIDGE PLAZA, LONG ISLAND CITY EDWARD E. McMAHON, Jr. THEODORE VV. EGLY MANAGER ^SST. MANAGER 226 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens TELEPHONE PLAZA 2149 ESTABLISHED 1892 TELEPHONE PLAZA 646 G. J. Staats PLUMBING CONTRACTOR 733 Lexington Avenue, New York Experience of more than a QUARTER CENTURY of Plumbing for Factories, Office Buildings, Terminals, Piers, Resiaences Work Installed in Any Part of tKe United States First National Bank of Wliitestone Organized 1907 Capital $56,000.00 Surplus and Undivided Profits - - - - $56,000.00 Every Facility to Depositors Open Monday Evenings FOR STANDARD GRADES OF BRICK-CEMENT LIME CALL ON CLONIN & M[SSENG[R LONG ISLAND CITY TELEPHONE 1881 HUNTERS POINT Sweeney & Gray Co. ESTABLISHED 1893 MACHINISTS AND HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS Artesian Wells DRILLED AND DRIVEN CORE, TEST, WASH AND FOUNDATION BORINGS FOR ARCHITECTS. ENGINEERS AND BUILDERS INCREASED WATER SUPPLY BY OUR NEW METTHOD EXPERT REPAIRS TO WELLS WORKS: 81-83-85 SIXTH ST., I, I, CITY, N.Y. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHNiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Everything for the Automobile IKl[llllllllllllllll!llllllllll!!:illllltltlllllll!llll!llllllll THOROUGHFARE GARAGE AND AUTO SUPPLY GO. QUEENS BOULEVARD at ELMHURST AGENCY H SERVICE Distributors for Queens OF THE Famous HOWE TIRES New York City 227 THE CENTURY AUDIT CORPORATION (Incorporated 1913) ACCOUNTANTS and AUDITORS FOR NUMEROUS ENTERPRISES IN QUEENS BOROUGH 41 Park Row MILES S, CHARLOCK ^^^ ^°^^' ^- ^• PRESIDENT Cortland 2142-3 B uy Your Varnishes in Queens ! Vy/E make a study oi the require- ments of individual manufact- urers, and ■we might be able to improve tne finish of your product Varnishes for Automobiles, Furniture and Trim. Black Baking Japans in All Grades. Liquid and Japan Dryers that will Dry. Exinolite, the All-Purpose Varnish THE THIBAUT & WALKER CO. MAM'FACTURERS OF VARMSH SPECIALTIES 72—76 Ninth Street Long Island City, N. Y. 228 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens "Old Reliable ' "m o»E IBM womiiy or mi mv OLD RELIABLE MOTOR I ONG ISLAND CITY Factory and Service Station ELY AND HARRIS AVENUES Manufacturers of 2>^. 3H, 5 Ton Worm Drive Trucke and 7}^ Ton Chain Drive Trucks Dump Trucks a Specialty SERVICE AT YOUR DOOR Affiliated with Chicago, III. Established 1911 Edward Ruth, Jr. 4 Woodside Ave., Winfield, L I. Telephone 1847 Newtown REAL ESTATE INSURANCE OF EVERY DE$CRIPTION MORTGAGE LOANS H.J.NULLEN CONTRACTING CO. INCORPORATED Paving and Sewer Construction JAMAICA NEW YORK C OMMERCIAL AND INPySTRIAL PROPERTIES Harvey B. Newins INCORPORATED 522 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK VANDERBILT 2962 2963 2964 2965 Matheson Lead Co. Manufacturers oi White Lead Flake White L itharge Red Lead Orange Mineral Office and Works 559-571 VERNON AVENUE LONG ISLAND CITY. N. Y. TELEPHONE ASTORIA 3300 PAYET SILK DYEING CORPORATION BOULEVARD AND WEBSTER AVENUE LONG ISLAND CITY DYERS AND FINISHERS OF ALL CLASSES OF SILK AND WOVEN TEXTILES AND JERSEY CLOTHS ALL GOODS INSURED AGAINST THIEF AND FIRE DURING IN OUR POSSESSION TWENTY MINUTES FROM Tl* SILK MARKET A New Arrival TO FILL THAT LONG NEEDED WANT New York City 229 COLUMBIA HOIST AND MACHINE CO. ELECTRIC CRANES AND HOISTS LABOR SAVING DEVICES BORDEN AVE. L 1. CITY LA COUR IRON WORKS ENGINEERS & CONTRACTORS STEEL CONSTRUCTION L. U. LA COUR. C. E. S. J. DEVOE E. V. VORM BORDEN AVE. L I. CITY Telephone 211 Richmond Hill EARL A. GILLESPIE Lumber and Trim 97th Avenue and 98th Street WOODHAVEN JUNCTION LONG ISLAND Queens Advertising Agency 48 Jackson Avenue LONG ISLAND CITY EXPERT SERVICE FOR EVERY ADVERTISING NEED „ , r 1458 1 „ ^ lelephones-< 345Q r" JTlunterepoint 230 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens BROOKLYN [ASTERN DISTRICT TERMINAL COMPANY QUEENSBORO TERMINAL— Located East River and 14th St.. Long Island City. Shipments may be made through this Terminal in connection with the lollowing roads: New York Central West Shore New Haven Erie Lehigh Valley Baltimore & Ohio Central Railroad of N. J. D., L. & W. N. Y. 0. & W. LOOSE LEAF THE Cesco Line comprises a Complete assortment of modern business tools — Loose Leaf Binders and Accounting Forms lor every conceivable purpose. It is a line of individuality — each item — from the vest pocket book to the highest grade ledger — with some distinguishing features. Exceptional facilities for the manufacture of Ruled Forms. Manifold Billing Blanks and all Loose Leaf Sheets. Catalogue on Request THE C. E. SHEPPARD CO. VAN ALST and ISth STREET, LONG ISLAND CITY NEW YORK CITY New York City 231 Long Island TKe rli^n Point of Queens Kew Gardens is 16 minutes by train from Pennsylvania Station, Manhattan, and it is not over 15 minutes run by automobile irom Bridge Plaza, Long Island City. A finer climate and a more beautiful development than any other nearby suburb. We offer plots full of individuality and a home-builaing plan that will interest you; also new houses )ust finishing. Eagewortn Smitk, Inc. New York Office at 1 West 34th Street Phone Greeley 5250 Sole Agent Ke%v Gartjens Omce at City Bound Station Platfor Ptone Ricbmond Hill 1713 COKE Anthracite TISCO COAL WOOD Bituminous DOMESTIC AND STEAM SIZES For over 70 years we have been supplying the merchants and manufacturers of this vicinity with the best quality of coal and can nil your requirements efficiently, speedily and with the least possible delay. TISDALE LUMBER CO. Lumber, Mill Work and Trim 1000 Boulevard, L. I. City,N. Y., Phone Astoria 790 232 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens gjgODCOOD n3 to W to >. 4:2U ^-1 Ph CD n3 c QJ O to New York City 233 u o G ^ r— 1 -JS Ph rt D U O o H < u Q O O , "^ I O o PQ Q CO Oh O •OB 1-1 n3 C 10 C 234 (^'hamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens ^NIinillllllllllllllJIKIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllluillllllllllllHllililuillillllillljlllllllllllluillllllllllllllilllllllluiuiluilu I Roman-Callman Co. I Industrial Locations Construction Financed Real Estate BRIDGE PLAZA Plottage For Apartment Houses Long Island City, N. Y. Some Important Industries We Have Located Here METROPOLITAN LIFE INS. CO. STANDARD STEEL CAR CO GOULD MESEREAU CO. L. J. SELZNICK INC. UNITED BUTTON CO. J. F. TAPLEY CO. WAPPLER ELEC. CO. G. PI EL CO. PALMOLIVE SOAP CO. EMERSON PHONOGRAPH CO. GEHNRICH IND. OVEN CO. WM. C. VAN BRUNT CO. MAURICE MILLER AUTO SALES CORP. CHAS. M. SORENSON, INC. MILLER SHOE CO. HIMOFF MACHINE CO. EMPIRE CITY IRON WORKS HILL BUTTON WORKS HARDITE METALS, INC. LAURAINE MAGNETO CO. WALKER VEHICLE CO. MORGAN GROSSMAN DELATOUR BEVERAGE CORP. Roman-Callmaiv Co. Printing Plant 200,000 sq uare ft Service Station 150,000 ti Drapery Hardw. 130,000 " Studio 120.000 H Buttons 100,000 " Book Binding 100,000 " Surgical App. 100,000 u Auto Parts 70.000 tl Warehouse 60,000 " Phono. Records 55,000 u Enam. Ovens 50,000 It Iron Works 40,000 " Smelting Plant 30.000 It Vending Mach. 30,000 tt Surg. Apparatus 30,000 *' Shoes 30,000 " Auto. Mach. 20,000 ti Struct, iron 20,000 " Celluloid But. 20.000 tl Metallurgy 20,000 it Magnetos 20,000 " Auto Trucks 20,000 a Shoes 20,000 " Beverages 20,000 it Industrial Locations Construction Financed Plottage For Apartment Houses Real Estate BRIDGE PLAZA | Long Island City, N. Y. '.iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuinniiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiuniiiiiiniimiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii i i iniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii niniiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiimniiiiniiiiiii iiniiiiiniii ° New York City CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY OF ADVERTISERS 235 PAGE ACCOUNTANTS and AUDITORS Century Audit Corporation 227 ADVERTISING Queens x\dvertising Agency 229 AIRPLANES L. W. F. Engineering Co 168 ANCHORS Irving Iron Works 164 APARTJIENTS Queensboro Corporation 165 ARCHITECTS and ENGINEERS Ballinger & Perrot 200-1 Francisco & Jacobus 199 ARTESIAN WELLS Sweeney & Gray Co 226 AUTOMOBILES Harrolds Motor Car Co. (Pierce- Arrovv) 173 Old Reliable Motor Truck Co. ...228 Packard Motor Car Co. of N. Y. ..187 Transport Service Inc 220 Thoroughfare Garage 226 The White Company 215 AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES & SUPPLIES. Brunswicke-Balke-Collender Co. . . 172 Metal Stamping Co 162 Motometer Co. Inc 207 Thoroughfare Garage 226 Transport Service, Inc 220 BAGS & BAGGING Young & Metzner 178 BALL BEARINGS Norma Company of America 192 BANKS American Trust Company 168 Bank of the Manhattan Company ..163 The Corn Exchange Bank 167 First National Bank of Whitestone 226 New York National Irving Bank . . .225 BATTERIES American Ever Ready Works 194 BEDS & BEDDING ' Defender Manufacturing Co 176 Manhattan-Rome Co 175 BILLBOARD POSTERS Latham Litho & Printing Co 171 BISCUITS Loose-Wiles Biscuit Co 161 BOILERS Cole-Duncan Boiler Works, Inc. ...199 The Christopher Cunningham Co. ..198 PAGE BOOK BINDING Long Island Star Publishing Co. . ..213 J. F. Tapley Co 212 BOXES (Cardboard) Brockway-Fitzhugh-Stewart, Inc. ..212 BRICK Clonin & Messenger 226 J. P. Duffy Co 218 Greenpoint Fire Brick Co 178 Hunterspoint Lumber & Supply Co. 180 BRONZE & IRON WORK (Ornamental) Tiffany Studios 180 BUILDERS (Homes & Factories) Ballinger & Perrot 200-I Cross & Brow-n Co 202 Degnon Realty & Terminal Improv. Co. , 196-7 Dickel Construction Co 188 W. R. Gibson 209 Louis Gold 20s Hamilton & Chambers Co. Inc 224 M. & L. Hess, Inc 204 C. Curtis Woodruff & Co 190 John T. Woodruff & Son 162 CANDY Tiffin Products, Inc 194 CASKETS National Casket Co 172 CASTINGS (Iron) Long Island Foundry Co 186 CEMENT Clonin & Messenger 226 J. P. Duffy Company 218 Hunterspoint Lumber & Supply Co. 180 CHEWING GUM Wm. Wrigley Jr. & Co 190 COAL Jurgen Rathjen Co 184 Tisdale Lumber Co 231 COLOR GRINDERS Edward Smith & Co 222 CONTAINERS (Shipping) Brockway-Fitzhugh-Stewart, Inc. ..212 CRANES & HOISTS (Electric) Columbia Hoist & Machine Co. ...229 DOORS & WINDOWS Howell, Field & Goddard. Inc 208 The Weisberg-Baer Co 210 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS & CONTRACTORS. Austin & Moore, Inc 191 H. B. K. Electric Co 223 Quinn Electric Co 218 236 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queexs CLASSIFIED LIST OF ADVERTISERS— (Continued) PAGE ELECTRIC POWER & LIGHTIXG N. Y. & Q. Elec. Light & Power Co. 216-7 ENGINEERS & CONTRACTORS Ballinger & Perrot 200-1 Francisco & Jacobus 199 Hamilton & Chambers Co., Inc 224 LaCour Iron Works 229 H. J. Mullen Contracting Co 228 FACTORY SITES W. D. Bloodgood & Co 232-3 Cross & Brown Co 202 Degnon Realty & Terminal Imp. Co. 196-7 Henry Duchardt 170 Judson A. Harrington 210 M. & L. Hess, Inc 204 Kouwenhoven Estates, Inc 164 George J. Ryan 166 Jamaica Property Corp 214 Harvey B. Newins 228 John W. Rapp 166 Roman-Callman Co 2.34 Roe H. Smith & Co 186 FILING DEVICES Sadlier- Walters Co 228 FLASHLIGHTS American Ever Ready Works 194 FLOUR & FEED J. & T. Adikes 178 FURNITURE S. Karpen & Bros 208 The Orsenigo Co 293 GARAGES Thoroughfare Garage 226 Transport Service, Inc 220 GLASS Jos. Elias & Co. Inc 192 HARDWARE A. Recknagel, Inc 202 HAULING Queens Haulage Corp 210 HOTELS The Knott Hotels 182 Sage Foundation Homes Co 169 HOUSES Allyn-Hall Realty Co 202 Dickel Construction Co 188 W. R. Gibson 209 Howard Estates Development Co. 100 Laurelton Sales Co 185 L'Ecluse. Washburn & Co 192 Cord Meyer Development Co. ...179 Rickert Brown Realty Co 221 Sage Foundation Homes Co 169 Edgeworth Smith, Inc 231 Roe H. Smith & Co 186 HOUSE WRECKING Donner House Wrecking Co., Inc. 206 HYDR.\ULIC ENGINEERS Sweeney & Gray Co 226 ICE Knickerbocker Ice Co 208 PACE INSURANCE Henry M. Dietz 186 Home Insurance Co 188 Home Title Insurance Co 181 Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. ..211 Edward Ruth, Jr 228 George J. Ryan 166 Ten Eyck & Wangeman 172 INTERIOR WOODWORK The Weisberg-Baer Co 210 IRON Egleston & Bros. Co., Inc 170 Irving Iron Works 164 LaCour Iron Works 229 LIGHTING FIXTURES Cassidy Co., Inc 210 Tiffany Studios 180 LIME Clonin & Messenger 226 J. P. Duffy Co 218 Hunterspoint Lumber & Supply Co. 180 Queensborough Lumber Co., Inc. . . .176 LITHOGRAPHING Brett Lithographing Co 214 Latham Litho & Printing Co 171 LOOSE LEAF BINDERS C. E. Sheppard Co., The 230 LUMBER Astoria Mahogany Co 184 Donner House Wrecking Co., Inc. 206 Earl A. Gillespie • 229 Hunterspoint Lumber & Supply Co. 180 Queensborough Lumber Co., Inc. ...176 Tisdale Lumber Co 231 MACARONI Ronzoni Macaroni Co., Inc 220 MACHINISTS Sweeney & Gray Co 226 MARBLE Voska, Foelsch & Sidlo, Inc 174 METAL POLISHES Grady Mfg. Co 220 METAL SPECIALTIES Imperial Metal Mfg. Corp 220 METERS Motometer Co., Inc. (.Autos) 207 Neptune Meter Co. (Water) 193 MIRRORS Jos. Elias & Co., Inc 192 MORTGAGES & LOANS First Mortgage Guarantee Co. ...164 Dickel Construction Co 188 Henry M. Dietz 186 Lawyers Title & Trust Co 224 Long Island Finance Corp 224 George J. Ryan 166 Title Guarantee & Trust Co 190 United States Title Guaranty Co. ..188 New York City 237 CLASSIFIED LIST OF ADVERTISERS.— (Continued) NEWSPAPERS Long Island Star Publishing Co. ...213 OFFICE FURNITURE & SUPPLIES Sadlier-W alters Co 228 OIL (Lubricating) Three-In-One-Oil Co 183 OVEN BUILDERS Gehnrich Indirect Heat Oven Co. ..204 PACKING BOXES The Weisberg-Baer Co 210 PAINT & VARNISH Emil Caiman & Co 174 Alatheson Lead Co 22S Edward Smith & Co 222 C. A. Willey Co 208 PAVING & SEWER CONSTRUCTION H. J. Mullen Contracting Co. ...228 PIANOS Steinvvay & Sons 195 PIPE (Iron) John Simmons Co 221 PIPES (Smokers) Wm. Demuth & Co 176 PLUMBING SUPPLIES & CONTRACT- ING. The J. L. Mott Iron Works 206 George M. O'Connor 192 G. J. Staats 226 PRINTING Brett Lithographing Co 214 Brooklyn Daily Eagle (Job Printing Dept. ) 222 Latham Litho & Printing Co 171 Long Island Star Publishing Co. ...213 Sadlier-Walters Co 228 RE.AL ESTATE Allyn-Hall Realty Co 202 W. D. Bloodgood & Co 232-3 Cross & Brown Co 202 Degnon Realty & Terminal Imp. Co. 196-7 Dickel Construction Co 188 Henry M. Dietz 186 Henry Duchardt 170 Halleran Agency 222 Judson A. Harrington 210 M. & L. Hess, Inc 204 Howard Estates Development Co. ..190 Kew Gardens 231 Jamaica Property Corp 214 Kouwenhoven Estates, Inc 164 Laurelton Sales Co 185 L'Ecluse, Washburn & Co 192 Cord Meyer Development Co. ...179 Harvey B. Newins 228 Queensboro Corporation 165 Roman-Callman Co 234 P.\GE Rickert Brown Realtv Co 221 John W. Rapp ' 166 Edward Ruth, Jr 228 George J." Ryan 166 Sage Foundation Homes Co 169 Edgeworth Smith, Inc., 2^1 Roe H. Smith & Co 186 Ten Eyck & Wangeman 172 RIBBONS Wm. Wicke Ribbon Co 218 ROOFING A. Recknagel, Inc 202 SAND Hunterspoint Lumber & Supply Co. 180 SHEET METAL PRODUCTS Hunter Illuminated Car Sign Co. ..182 SHINGLES (Latife Asphalt) Howell, Field & Goddard, Inc. ...208 SHOES & RUBBERS Beacon Falls Rubber Shoe Co. ...178 Kozak & McLoughlin 174 Rosenwasser Bros. Inc 199 SILK DYEING Payet Silk Dyeing Corp 228 SILKS .Acorn Silk Co 174 SNAP FASTENERS Waldes & Co., Inc 189 SPICES E. R. Durkee & Co 219 SPRINKLER TOPS Imperial Metal Mfg. Corp 220 STACKS The Christopher Cunningham Co. 198 Cole-Duncan Boiler Works, Inc. ...199 STATIONERY SUPPLIES Sadlier-Walters Co 228 STEEL Egleston & Bros. Co., Inc 170 Hamilton & Chambers Co.. Inc 224 Irving Iron Works 164 LaCour Iron Works 220 National Bridge Works 198 STORAGE Queens Haulage Corp 210 Transport Service, Inc 220 SUGAR The National Sugar Refining Co. ... 177 TANKS (Steel) Cole-Duncan Boiler Works. Inc. ..199 Hamilton & Chambers Co., Inc 224 TERMIN.\LS (Freight) Brooklyn Eastern Dist. Ter. Co. 230 Degnon Realty & Terminal Imp. Co. 196-7 238 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens CLASSIFIED LIST OF ADVERTISERS. Continued TIRES (Auto) Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. ...172 TOWING Newtown Creek Towing Co 220 VARNISHES Emil Caiman & Co 174 Edward Smith & Co 222 The Thibaut & Walker Co 227 C. A. Willey Co 208 VENEERS Astoria Mahogany Co 184 WASTE John A. Retry 222 WELDING (arc-oxy-acetylene-electro) Hunter Illuminated Car Sign Co. ..182 WHITE LEAD Matheson Lead Co 228 WIPERS John A. Retry 222 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ADVERTISERS Acorn Silk Company 174 Adikes, J. & T 178 Allyn-Hall Realty Co 202 American Ever Ready Works 194 American Trust Co., The 168 Astoria Mahogany Co., Inc 184 Austin & Moore, Inc 191 Ballinger & Perrot 200-1 Bank of the Manhattan Company. . .163 Beacon Falls Rubber Shoe Co 178 Bloodgood & Co., W. D 232-3 Brett Lithographing Co 214 Brockway-Fitzhugh-Stewart, Inc 212 Brooklyn Daily Eagle, The (Job Print- ing Dept.) 222 Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co., The .172 Brooklyn Eastern District Terminal Co 230 Caiman & Co., Emil 174 Cassidy Co., Inc 210 Century Audit Corporation, The 227 Clonin & Messenger 226 Cole-Duncan Boiler Works, Inc 199 Columbia Hoist & Machine Co 229 Commonwealth Fuel Co 184 Columbia Paper Bag Co — Corn Exchange Bank, The 167 Cross & Brown Co 202 Cunningham Co., The Christopher ...198 Defender Manufacturing Co., Inc. . . Degnon Realty & Terminal Improve- ment Co Demuth & Co., Wm Dickel Construction Co Dietz, Henry M Donner House Wrecking Co., Inc. . . . Duchardt, Henry Duffy Co., J. P Durkee & Co., E. R 176 196-7 176 188 186 206 170 218 219 Egleston Bros. & Co., Inc 170 Elias & Co., Inc., Joseph 192 First Mortgage Guarantee Co 164 First National Bank of Whitestone. .226 Francisco & Jacobus 199 Gehnrich Indirect Heat Oven Co., Inc. 204 Gibson, W. R 209 Gillespie, Earl A 229 New York City 239 Gold, Louis 205 Grady Manufacturing Co 220 Greenpoint Fire Brick Co 178 H. B. K. Electric Company 223 Halleran Agency 222 Hamilton & Chambers Co 224 Harrington, Judson A 210 Harrolds Motor Car Co 173 Hess, Inc., M. & L 204 Home Insurance Company, The 188 Home Title Insurance Company of New York 181 Howard Estates Development Com- pany 190 Howell, Field & Goddard, Inc 208 Hunter Illuminated Car Sign Co., The 182 Hunterspoint Lumber & Supply Co., Inc 180 Imperial Metal Manufacturing Cor- poration 220 Irving Iron Works Company 164 Jamaica Property Corporation 214 Jurgen Rathjen Company 184 Karpen & Bros., S 208 Kew Gardens Inn 182 Kew Gardens 231 Knickerbocker Ice Co 208 Kouwenhoven Estates, Inc 164 Kozak & McLoughlin, Inc 174 L. W. F. Engineering Co., Inc l68 LaCour Iron Works 229 Latham Litho & Printing Co 171 Laurelton Sales Co., Inc 185 L'Ecluse, Washburn & Co., Inc 192 Lawyers Title & Trust Co 224 Long Island Finance Corporation ...224 Long Island Foundry Co., Inc 186 Long Island Railroad Co — Long Island Star Publishing Co 213 Loose-Wiles Biscuit Co 161 Msnhattan-Rome Company 175 Matheson Lead Company 228 Metal Stamping Company 162 Metropolitan Life Insurance Co 211 Meyer Development Co., Cord 179 Motomcter Co.. Inc.. The 207 Mott Iron \\'orks. The J. L 206 Mullen Contracting Co., H. J 228 Xational Bridge Works 198 N'ational Casket Co 172 Xational Sugar Refining Co., The ...177 N'eptunc Meter Co 193 Xewins, Inc., Harvey B 228 Xewtown Creek Towing Company ..220 Xew York National Irving Bank ...225 PAGE New York & Queens Electric Light & Power Co 216-17 New York Telephone Company ... — Norma Company of America, The . . . 192 O'Connor, George M 192 Old Reliable Motor Truck Company .228 Orsenigo Co., Inc., The 203 Packard Motor Car Company of New York, The 187 Payet Silk Dyeing Corporation 228 Petry, John A 222 Queens Advertising Agency 229 Queens Haulage Corporation 210 Queensboro Corporation, The 165 Queensborough Lumber Co., Inc. ...176 Quinn Electric Company 218 Rapp, John W 166 Recknagel, Inc., A 202 Roman-Callman Company 234 Rickert-Brown Realty Co 221 Ronzoni Macaroni Co., The 220 Rosenwasser Bros., Inc 199 Ruth, Jr., Edward 228 Ryan, George J 166 Sadlier- Walters Co 228 Sage Foundation Homes Co 169 Sheppard Co., C. E. 230 Simmons Co., John 221 Smith, Inc., Edgeworth (Kew Gar- dens') 231 Smith & Co., Edward 222 Smith & Co., Roe H 186 Staats, Gustave J 226 Steinway & Sons 195 Sweeney & Gray Co 226 Tapley Company, J. F 212 Ten Eyck & Wangeman, Inc 172 Thibaut & Walker Co.. The 227 Thoroughfare Garage 226 Three-In-One Oil Company 183 Tiffany Studios 180 Tiffin Products, Inc 194 Tisdale Lumber Co 231 Title Guarantee & Trust Co 190 Transport Service, Inc 220 United States Title Guarantee Co. ...188 ■yoska, Foelsch & Sidio, Inc 174 Waldes & Co., Inc 189 Wangeman. Inc., R. Randel, 172 Weisberg-Baer Co.. The 210 White Companv, The 215 Wicke Ribbon Co., Wm 218 Willey Co.. C. A 208 Woodruff & Co., C. Curtis lOO Woodruff & Son, John T 162 Wrigley, Jr. Co., Wm 190 Young & Metzner 178 240 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough of Queens CONTENTS Invitation . . Frontispiece Title Page . Introduction PAGE I 2 3 S Historical Notes 6-7 Growth of New York City 8-16 Waterfront Development 17-38 Foreign Trade 20 Newtown Creek 20-23 Dutch Kills Creek 23 East River 23-27 Public Docks 27 Flushing Bay — Flushing Creek 26-31 Flushing Bay — Jamaica Bay Canal 32-34 Jamaica Bay 34-35 Barge Canal Terminals 36-3S Bridges 39-44 Queensboro Bridge 39-43 Tri-Borough Bridge 44 Other Bridges 44 New York Connecting Railroad ...45-46 Trolley Lines 47-48 Pennsylvania Station 49-So Long Island Railroad 51-65 History 52 Electrification 52-54 Tunnels under East River 54 Sunnyside Yard 54-55 Improvements 55-56 Woodside Transfer Station 57 Passenger Traffic 58 Freight Traffic and Facilities 58-60 Montauk Point Harbor 60 Stewart Railroad 61 Wholesale Market 62 Stations — Boroughs of Queens ...63-64 War Record 64-63 Rapid Transit 66-85 Rapid Transit Map 66 Benefits to Queens 67 Extensions into Queens Borough 69 Rapid Transit Centers 69-71 Queensboro Subway 71-73 Bridge Plaza Station 73 Astoria Extension 73-74 Corona Extension 75 Extension to Flushing 77 Lutheran Cemetery Extension ... 78 Liberty Avenue Extension 78-79 Jamaica Avenue Extension 79-80 Sixtieth Street Tunnel 81 Dual Operation 8a Crosstown Route 82-83 Part taken by Chamber 84-85 page Growth in Passenger Traffic 85 Industrial Development 86-110 Queens as a Manufacturing Center 86 Zoning Law 86 Development prior to 1909 . . 87-88 Industrial Growth 1909-1916 89-90 Industrial Census 1916 91-92 Industrial Development 1920 93 Nineteen Reasons that Attract New Industries 94-97 Benefits from New Industries 98 Rank of Queens in Manufacturing ... 90 New Industries 1918-1919 100 Articles Made in Queens 102-104 Factories 105-110 Residential 111-131 Residential Advantages 112-115 Effect of Industrial Development ... 116 Demand for Homes 116-118 Residential Development iig-131 First Ward 122-123 Second Ward 123-125 Third Ward 125-127 Fourth Ward 127-129 Fifth Ward 129-130 Homes for All 130-131' New Buildings 132-134 Banks I35-I37 Light, He.\t and Power 138-139 Electric Companies 138 Gas Companies 138-139 Telephones 139-140 Government 141-142 Queens — A Community of Vast Re- sources. (By Borough President Maurice E. Connolly) 143-144 Mortgage Loans 14S Area 145-146 Population 146 Assessed Valuations i47 Water Supply I47 Chamber of Commerce of the Borough OF Queens 148-160 Officers, Directors, Executive Staff. 148 Reasons for Membership I49 Ninth Annual Dinner 150 Alphabetical List of Members (April 22, 1920) 151-159 Application Blank 159 Chart of Membership Growth 160 Advertisements 161-234 Classified Index 235-238 Alphabetical Index 238-239 Contents 240