% ^^ ^> V » > "^1^^ J'X ^w;^ ^"^ "^^^ /\ '"'^''v 0' ° " ° ^ 'O '^0^ V^^, I". ' -o- '^. yc , o ho' ^ ^ .0 .0 ^r- * VV^ '-^ " o „ = - -y "-f^. 't^O ■-' , cA ■ •, ff , 1 ' 'W. i I ' » „ • 1^ t %■ ^. ^OV' -n^o^ r^o" .4 o^ "v^. Si « ^M ni 'mm''. ^ V \^ <>. c>^ ^^«R'v V A^ ' :i^|CA:. "V, vs^ -^•^ ^<^ . 3?- .*^' -\ ,'; ,YC- y/'/ - ^^ ^ ^ A A "^^0^ :<^' ^ ^ySuAijj HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF CARLISLE MASSACHUSETTS 1754-1920 WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF PROMINENT PERSONS BY SIDNEY A. BULL 1920 THE MURRAY PRINTING COMPANY CAMBRIDGE, MASS. "If you would not he forgotten as soon as you are dead, either write things worth reading or do things irorth writing," DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF THE PIONEER SETTLERS AND EARLY RESIDENTS OF CARLISLE TO THEIR WIDELY SCATTERED DESCENDANTS AND TO NATIVE AND ADOPTED CITIZENS I CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION ix CHAPTER I 1 The District of Carlisle CHAPTER II ........... . 14 The Second District of Carlisle — Names of First Officials. CHAPTER III 27 Carlisle a Town — Town Pound — Hearse — Hearse House — Improvement Association — Town Hall — Fire Engine — Car- lisle Volunteer Fire Company. CHAPTER IV 39 Post Office — Postmasters — Town Report — Tithingmen — Town Safes — Appraisers at Town Farm — Noon Hour Bell — Railroads. CHAPTER V 43 Early Military History — Names of Revolutionary Soldiers — Muster at Concord — Captain Davis Monument — Centennial Anniversary, Concord and Lexington. CHAPTER VI 51 Paupers — Town Farm. CHAPTER VII 55 Schools and Schoolhouses. CHAPTER VIII 62 Centennial — Revolutionary Tavern — Flag Staffs and Flags — Town Seal — Home of Rev. and Mrs. Benson Perley Wilkins. CHAPTER IX 69 Burying Grounds — Green Summer House — Heald Memorial Arch — Richardson Mausoleum — Wilson Memorial Chapel. CHAPTER X 80 Bridges. CHAPTER XI 86 Civil War — Names of Soldiers. CHAPTER XII 95 Soldiers' Monument. CHAPTER XIII ........... 105 Free Public Library — Gleason Library — Historic Collection. CHAPTER XIV 118 Town Bounds — Town Clocks — Carlisle Pines — Street Rail- ways — Electric Lighting — Public Telephone Station. V VI CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER XV 127 Town Officials — Town Clerks — Town Treasurers — Selectmen — Representatives — Justices of the Peace — Physicians — Popu- lation. CHAPTER XVI 134 Timothy Wilkins' Deed — Reuben Duren's Deed — Cyrus Nut- ting's Deed — Will of Simon Blood, Junr. — Will of George Rob- bins — Will of Joanna Gleason — Stop Thief — Died in a Fit — An Old Bill — Deed of Meeting House Pew. CHAPTER XVII 150 Religious Matters — Meeting House — Bells — Horse Sheds — Obligation for Building a Meeting House — Account of Expense of Building the Meeting House — First Religious Society — Church — Litchfield Parsonage — Funeral Sermon, Rev. Paul Litch- field. CHAPTER XVIII ........... 207 Union Calvinistic Church — Carlisle Congregational Church — Congregational Parsonage — Lease of Isaac Duren. CHAPTER XIX 233 Old Home Days. CHAPTER XX 239 Topography — Boundary — Area — Agriculture — Altitude — Tophet Swamp — Brooks — River — Healthful — Copper Mine — Granite. CHAPTER XXI 246 Carlisle Soldiers in the World War. CHAPTER XXII 251 Carlisle, England. CHAPTER XXIII 256 College Graduates. CHAPTER XXIV 262 Survey of Common — Early Customs — Concord Monuments — The Nickles Cranberry Company — Cold Year — Dark Day — Yellow Day — Histories of Carlisle — Wild Pigeons — Long Block. CHAPTER XXV ........... 268 Epitaphs from Central Burying Ground — Epitaphs from Green Cemetery. CHAPTER XXVI 319 Biographies — Solomon Andrews — Rev. Paul Litchfield — Capt. Thomas Green — John Dana Robbins' — Benjamin Franklin Heald — Dr. Austin Marsh — George Frederick Duren — Joanna Parker Gleason — John Proctor Davis — George Heald Bobbins — Paul Franklin Litchfield — Daniel Webster Robbins — Capt. Horace Waldo Wilson — Sidney Augustus Bull — John Everett Bull — Mary A. Green — Warren Bradley Chamberlin — William Frank- lin Litchfield — Dennis A. Long. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ^^ortrait of Sidney A. Bull Frontispiece Town Farm Dwelling Facing page 52 ^Highland Schoolhouse 58 y Revolutionary Tavern Gi Home of Rev. and Mrs. Benson Perley Wilkins 06 Green Summer House, Green Cemetery 72 4leald Memorial Arch 74 Richardson Mausoleum 76 ^ Wilson Memorial Chapel, Green Cemetery 78 ' Soldiers' Monument on the Common 94 • Portrait of Mrs. Lydia S. Patten 106 ' Portrait of Joanna Parker Gleason 110 'Gleason Library 114 ''Home of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Green 118 ^^treet Scene and Common, Carlisle Center 122 ' Unitarian Meeting-house 164 'Litchfield Parsonage . 176 " ^Congregational Church 222 ^Congregational Parsonage 228 Victoria Park, Carlisle, England 250 ■ Market Place, Carlisle, England 250 ■'Cathedral, Carlisle, England 254 'Castle, Carlisle, England 254 -''Long Block. Carlisle Center 266 '' Portrait of Captain Thomas Green 322 V Home of Captain Thomas Green 324 ^'Portrait of Major Benjamin Franklin Heald 326 ^Portrait of Dr. Austin Marsh 328 . Portrait of George Frederick Duren 330 , Portrait of John Proctor Davis 332 - Portrait of George Heald Bobbins 334 Portrait of Paul Franklin Litchfield 336 Portrait of Daniel Webster Robbins 338 Portrait of Captain Horace Waldo Wilson 340 Portrait of Mr. and Mrs. Sidney Augustus Bull 341 Portrait of Dennis A. Long 344 Store of S. A. & J. E. Bull 346 Portrait of John Everett Bull 348 Portrait of Mary A. Green 350 Portrait of Warren Bradley Chamberlin 352 Portrait of William Franklin Litchfield 354 INTRODUCTION It was with a great deal of reluctance and many misgivings that the author consented to heed the impor- tunities of many of the good people of Carlisle to write a history of the town, and had not these importunities been repeated over a period of several years, they would have been forgotten and ineffectual. Having written a partial history of the town for Lewis's History of Middlesex County, thirty years ago, he fully realized the labor and research involved in com- piling a history that would be complete and correct. He has taken pains to verify all statements herein con- tained as to accuracy but realizes that they are far from being complete; much more might have been written, but the aim has been to record the more important events that have transpired in the town. The larger portion of the information has been gleaned from town and church records, and the author wishes hereby to thank the officers of both town and church for the favors they have granted in allowing access to these records. Much valuable information has also been ob- tained from newspaper clippings and from ancient docu- ments, for which the author is exceedingly grateful to all who have supplied them; especially to Mr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Green, of CarHsle, who have furnished the larger number, and who also compiled the list of cemetery epitaphs. To Mr. William F. Litchfield, of Maynard, he wishes to acknowledge his appreciation for information of his ancestor, the Rev. Paul Litchfield. And to Mrs. Benson P. Wilkins, of Carlisle, thanks are due for the record that she compiled of the World War soldiers, from X INTRODUCTION Carlisle. The map was drawn for reproduction by Warren H. Manning, of Billerica, who is authority on landscape design and regional planning and in making the map has been very serviceable to the author. Many others have contributed and should have due credit here, but the list if it included all would be cumber- some, so the author can only say "thank you" and add that the courtesy that has been shown him on every hand has made enjoyable a task that otherwise would have been arduous. Carlisle has had a unique experience in getting established. Was there another town in the State, or nation, that had so varied and prolonged an experience to attain its major'ty.^* From December 18, 1732, which is the first recorded date of a move for incorporation, until February 18, 1805, when Carlisle was finally incor- porated a town, covered a period of seventy-two years and two months. A lengthy procedure for establishing a municipality. It would be misleading to give the im- pression that it had not enjoyed a corporate existence during all that time, for it had twice been established as a district, and so existed for a period of twenty-seven and a half years. Perseverance and tenacity appear to have been prominent virtues of those early settlers; they persisted until they got what they were after, and their courage also should be recognized, for it stood by them until they won the crown. The author likes to use the synonym " Carlisle the crown." History records that the Grecian athletes won the crown only by supreme effort, and thus was the es- tablishment of a new town the crowning act of its perse- vering sponsors. Secondly, a crown is valuable, — and so is Carlisle. Quoting from the answer of the town of Concord, in reply to a petition of the inhabitants of the northerly part of said town praying to be set off a separate INTRODUCTION XI district, they say: "and is the most valuable part of the Town being the most fertile and Profitable land." Thirdly, a crown is small. So is Carlisle, as compared with the group of surrounding towns, four of which contributed some of the best of their area for its forma- tion; and thus it more readily adjusts itself to our mental conception of a crown. Fourthly, a crown is beautiful. So is Carlisle. It has hill and dale, brooks and river, flowers and fruit, that should attract the pleasure seeker as well as the person seeking recreation or a rural home. Fifth and finally. There is no necessity for a crown until there is something to be crowned, and the author is sure that the promoters of the new town, the last of the group to be incorporated, were glad to acknowledge the magnanimity of those surrounding towns contributing to her area of territory by presenting to them and to posterity the result of their crowning efforts, the new town of Carlisle. Billerica, August 14, 1920. HISTORY OF CARLISLE Chapter I THE DISTRICT OF CARLISLE The town of Concord, Mass., was incorporated September 3, 1635 (old style), being one of the earliest inland settlements in the State, and in extent of territory originally one of the largest towns in Middlesex County, having contributed from its borders in part, for the forma- tion of five surrounding towns as well as aiding in their colonization, Carlisle is one of this group of five towns claiming Concord as a mother town. Carlisle was twice incorporated as a district before becoming a town. The first district of Carlisle was wholly formed from territory originally comprising the northerly part of Concord, "which contained within its bounds about six thousand and six hundred acres, and sixty families, and included some of the best part of the town." This first district also included eighteen hundred and fifty acres of land, with fifteen families thereon, known as Blood's Farm. Rev. Henry A. Hazen, in writing the history of Billerica in History of Middlesex County, makes the following reference to "Blood's Farm": "In 1684 the Bloods had obtained an Indian deed to quite a large tract, claimed also by Billerica, in the vicinity of Carlisle Village." The demand for the separa- tion began more than twenty years before it finally took place. "As early as December 18, 1732, Jonathan Blood, John Parlin and twenty-six others, inhabitants of the 1 % HISTORY OF CARLISLE northerly part of Concord, subscribed to an agreement to support meetings for public worship at the house of Joseph Adams" (which house is still standing on the main road to Concord, and in the town of Concord, a short distance beyond the present bounds of Carlisle). "The whole amount thus subscribed was £ 18.4s. The subscribers appear to have organized as a society, to have chosen a clerk, and to have held meetings for prudential affairs, sometimes at the house of David Parlin. "At a meeting of the inhabitants of Concord, held May 21, 1733, a vote was passed pursuant to an article in the warrant, upon the questions, 'whether the town would make allowance to sundry inhabitants of the north part of Concord, to support preaching amongst them in the winter season; or would set off the said inhabitants, to be a separate precinct,' both of which were decided in the negative." This appears to have been the beginning of numerous petitions and counter-petitions subsequently presented to the town of Concord and the General Court to establish the proposed district, of which the following are the more prominent. In 1734 a petition of Benjamin Stone and twenty-five others was presented to the General Court, requesting the establishment of the district; on the same day a petition containing twenty-eight names stating their unwillingness to be set off a separate district was filed, and the matter was dismissed. At a town meet- ing held in Concord, March 7, 1737-38, the inhabitants voted on two petitions, one by Zechariah Blood and others, and one by Eleazer Brown and others. The town refused, by a vote of seventy-six to twenty-six, to grant the latter petition; they also rejected the former petition, since more people living within the bounds of the proposed district appeared to oppose than favor it. At a meeting of the inhabitants of Concord held March 3, 1739-40, the town refused another petition of Jonathan Blood and others. THE DISTRICT OF CARLISLE 3 In the warrant for a town meeting to be held May 12, 1746, there was a petition by John Hartwell and others for that portion of Concord north of the Concord River to be set off as a separate precinct. The meeting was ad- journed to May 20, at which time the petition was con- sidered, and referred to the next town meeting, which was held on November 17 of the same year. The article appeared in the warrant, and upon consideration was as before referred to the next town meeting. The next town meeting was held by adjournment on March 3, 1747, and the warrant contained no reference to this petition. The reason presented for the granting of this petition was "in order to their more conveniant coming to ye publik worship of God, from which they are many times many of them hindred by ye Difficulty of passing ye river in times of flud and by ye great Distance of their aboad from ye place where ye publike worship of God is now upheld." Six years then passed, after fifteen years of ineffectual attempts to induce the town of Concord to establish the people living in the northerly part of the town as a separate precinct. Now a new plan was to be tried. James Chandler and forty-six other inliabitants of this territory, excluding the "Blood's Farms," petitioned the General Court to be set off as a separate district; "this petition was read in the House September 13, 1753, and notice thereon ordered to be served on the town of Concord, returnable at the next sitting of the Court." In the meantime Jonathan Blood and twenty-seven others petitioned the General Court to be included within the bounds of the proposed district, and requested that the bounds be so altered as to include "Blood's Farms." On the return day, which was December 12, 1753, "Jonathan Brooks and twenty others who lived within the territory described in Chandler's petition, filed their objection to being "layed ofiF, in any shape, according to that request." On October 22, 1753, 4 HISTORY OF CARLISLE the town of Concord voted to grant the petition of Jonathan Blood and others with certain hmitations of bounds, and so reported to the General Court on the above-named return day. On December 13, the day following the hearing by the legislative committee, another petition, signed by John Hart well and forty- two others, was presented and referred to the same legislative committee. This petition asserts that the preceding petition of Jonathan Blood and others was for "No other end But to Defeat your Petitioners," who claim to have "Lately Prefer'd a Petition to this Honourable Court to Set off a Saperat District on the Northerly Side of the River in Said Concord. Your Petitioners therefore Humbly Pray your Excellency and Honours would Take our Cause into your wise Considera- tion and not Grant the Petition of S*^ Jonathan Blood and others till after your Petitioners Shall have a hear- ing." On December 14 the joint legislative committee submitted their written report, in which they state that they find "such an uneasiness and disagreement amongst the parties that they report it is their opinion that the petitions and answers be referred to the next sitting of this Court, for further consideration, unless the parties should, before that time, accommodate their differences among themselves." During the recess of the Legislature, at least six different petitions and reports were addressed to the com- mittee who had the matter in charge, and on March 28, 1754, this being the second day of the fourth legislative session, the original "committee to whom was referred the Petition of Jon" Blood and others the Inhabitants of the North'^ part of Concord praying to be made a Seperate District, & also the Answer of the Selectmen of the Town of Concord, having hear'd the Parties & considered the several Papers Given in on the same; — THE DISTRICT OF CARLISLE 5 Are of Opinion That the Prayer of the s*^ Petition be so far granted as that they be sett off and made a Seperate District," by the following act. "An act for dividing the town of Concord, and making a district of the northerly part thereof by the name of Carlisle. "Whereas the inhabitants of the northerly part of the town of Concord, by reason of their being remote from the place of the publick worship of God, have peti- tioned this court to be set off a separate district, — "Z?e it enacted by the Governour, Council and House of Representatives, "{Sect. 1.) That the northerly part of the town of Concord within the following bounds: viz., beginning at Concord River, at the mouth of Ralph's Brook, so called, and running westerly, to a white-oak tree on or by the highway on the easterly side of Hunt's Hill, otherwise called Gravel Hill; thence, still westerly, to a heap of stones by the wall in the highway, about four rods northerly of Daniel Cole's barn, and so, extending on a straight line, to a way a little westerly of Richard Temple's house; and then running northerly, by said way, which leads toward Acton Line, till it comes to Benjamin Temple's land; thence running to Acton Line, so as to take into the new district the said Benjamin Temple's land; and from thence, bounded on Acton and Billerica, untill it comes to Concord River, taking in Blood's Farm, so called; and then, on Concord River, to where the line first began, be and hereby is set off from the said town of Concord, and erected into a separate and distinct district by the name of Carlisle; and that the inhabitants thereof do the duties that are required, and be invested with all the powers, privileges and immunities which the inhabi- tants of any town within this province do, or by law ought to, enjoy, excepting only the privilege of chusing a repre- b HISTORY OF CARLISLE sentative to represent them in the great and general court; in chusing of whom the inhabitants of said district shall join with the inhabitants of the town of Concord, as they have heretofore done, and also in paying said representative; and that the town of Concord, as often as they shall call a meeting for the choice of a representa- tive, shall give seasonable notice to the clerk of said district, for the time being, of the time and place of said meeting, to the end that the said district may join them therein: and the clerk of said district shall set up, in some publick place in said district, a notification thereof accord- ingly: provided, nevertheless, the said district shall pay their proportionable part of all such town, county, parish and province charges as are already assessed, in like manner as though this act had never been made. "And be it further enacted, ''{Sect. 2.) That the inhabitants of the said district shall, from time to time, forever, hereafter, pay their proportionable part of the charge of keeping in good repair the great North Bridge, so called, over Concord River; and that James Minot, Esq^ is hereby impowered to issue his warrant, directed to some principal inhabitant in said district, requiring him to warn the inhabitants of said district, qualified by law to vote in to\\^l affairs, to meet, at such time and place as shall be therein set forth, to chuse all such officers as shall be necessary to manage the affairs of said district. "Passed April 19, 1754." As a coincidence worthy of note it may be stated tliat legislative records establish the fact that Lincoln, formed from portions of Concord, Lexington and Weston, and located also in Middlesex County, was established a town on the same date that Carlisle was established a district. The province laws, in recording the proceedings relative to the legal establishment of this new district. THE DISTRICT OF CARLISLE 7 make no mention of the title by which it is to be recog- nized. We first find this in the enactive clause of the legis- lative act of establishment, and Carlisle is the title given. In regard to the origin of the name, the late Mr. Benjamin F. Heald, in a history of Middlesex County, published by Samuel Adams Drake, writes: "The name was derived from Carlisle in Cumberland County, England, the birth- place and early home of James Adams, known in the early records as 'Goodman Adams,' who was banished from England for political offenses by Ohver Cromwell, about 1640, and was said to have been the first white man who settled within the limits of the district." Now that the district was established, the next impor- tant matter seems to have been to decide upon a location for a meeting-house. Several committees had been ap- pointed with this end in view, and several sites had been selected. The geographical center of the district had been ascertained by a surveyor, but with the multiplicity of effort there appeared to be on the part of a majority of the inhabitants more than a parallel multiplicity of dis- couragements regarding their ability finally to determine upon a satisfactory location. A petition dated January 15, 1755, and signed by David Whittaker and seventeen others, recounting the cost and diflSculties that they were sustaining as a district, was presented to the selectmen, requesting that they "Call a Meeting of the district as soon as Can be and Insert as an Article in your warrant for s*^ Meeting to see if the district will agree by a vote to petition the Great and General Court that the whole district may be Dismist from any further proceedings as a district and be laid to the Town of Concord as heretofore." In response to the above petition, a meeting of the inhabitants was called for January 22, 1755, and after the matter had been de- bated, it was " voted that they will petition the Great and 8 HISTORY OF CARLISLE General Court for an addition of territory on the southerly part of the district. At the annual March meeting a committee was chosen to present the above petition to the General Court, but at a district meeting subsequently held in April, and before the committee had acted in the matter, the district by vote dismissed said committee from further proceeding in the affair. Another petition, signed by Jonathan Puffer and thirty-eight others, was at once presented to the General Court, "praying that the district be layed back to the town of Concord with all its former privileges." This was fol- lowed by a counter-petition signed by Ephraim Keyes and fifty-two others, inhabitants of Carlisle, and the adjacent borders of Chelmsford, Billerica and Acton, and repre- sented the petitioners' urgent need of a meeting-house, which, if erected in Carlisle, would accommodate them all. Wherefore they prayed to be incorporated into a township or district which would include portions of land, with the inhabitants on the same, belonging to Carlisle, Billerica, Chelmsford, Acton and Westford. These peti- tioners represented that they had mutually agreed on the location where the meeting-house should be built. Notice of these petitions was ordered to be served upon the non-petitioners in the district and upon the several towns. In due course these two petitions were referred to a committee of the General Court, as were also the answers from the several towns, and in each case it was voted that the petition be dismissed. The answer of the district of Carlisle to the petition of Puffer and others was a reiteration of the willingness of the inhabitants to have the district enlarged by an addition from the adjoining territory of Concord, and that enlargement of their territory from any other town would ruin them. The answer of Carlisle to the petition of Keyes THE DISTRICT OF CARLISLE if and others was in part, "if the prayer of the petitioners should be granted, the inhabitants of the district would be in a worse condition than they were when they all belonged to the town of Concord, that they would be joined with a great number of poor persons; and there is the uttermost danger of our being greatly imposed upon as to our religious circumstances, by being joined to a number of separates, many of whom lie under church censure, or debarred of church privileges, in the church or churches where they belong, and are mostly separates from our common way of divine worship, and for a long time have forsaken the standing ministry, and heard a lay exhorter, whom we suppose they would settle among us, or at least one of the same persuasion." The answer of Westford to the petition of Keyes and others was, in the main, if the prayer of the petitioners were to be granted they should consider themselves almost ruined and undone, that they had just gotten through with settling a minister and building a meeting- house, and getting convenient highways, "and to begin the world anew, we are not able to do it." The town of Chelmsford chose a committee and instructed them "to use such arguments against the petition of Keyes and others, as they should think most proper." This committee represented that the remoteness of the petitioners from the meeting-houses of the several towns to which they belonged, which they had given as their principal reason for being erected into a new township or district, was not the only true reason why the major part of the petitioners of Chelmsford desired to be set off, but that they had a greater reason, which they had not expressed in their petition, inasmuch as, for a year and a half, or more, they had separated from the regular church and congregation in the town, and attended the ministrations of one Samuel Hide, late a tailor in Boston, 10 HISTORY OF CARLISLE but now a bold illiterate separate speaker or exhorter, who had been brought into town by some of their num- ber, to the great disorder and disturbance of the church and town, and to the no small hurt and damage of even some of their number; and that the major part of the said petitioners were either those who have here- tofore been disaffected to the ministry and church, or drawn in by their influence, and that they joined in the petition in order to facilitate a settlement for their exhorter. They therefore prayed that the petition be dismissed. The remonstrance of William Shed and thirteen others, and the answer of the town of Billerica, by Thomas Kidder, who had been chosen for the purpose, were in substance that, within a few years they had built a meeting-house and settled a minister, and had built a large bridge over Concord River, against the meeting- house, and that many of the petitioners for separation were so poor and needy "as they cannot support or carry on" such charges as will inevitably arise in a new township, and that the line proposed in Keyes' petition would come within two miles of the meeting-house in Billerica, and that most of the principal inhabitants were opposed to the separation. Wherefore the town prayed that the said petition be dismissed. John Davis, junior, and Samuel Davis, a committee chosen by the town of Acton, answered for that town, approving a remonstrance of sundry inhabitants of that town, and declaring that there were but two signers of Keyes' petition belonging to Acton, one of whom had since died, and neither of whom had possession there; that not many years before, the town, by order of the General Court, had built a meeting-house, and settled a minister; that the prayer of the petitioners was for setting off one-seventh part of the families in the town, which would THE DISTRICT OF CARLISLE 11 reduce the town to a condition in which they would be unable to perform the duties of a town; and would, more- over, make the existing site of their meeting-house no longer central. Considering the large number of petitions and remon- strances that were submitted, praying for or against the dissolution or enlargement of the district, without results, there was little prospect that the matter would be finally dropped and abandoned without further effort. Conse- quently during the following summer a general meeting of the inhabitants of the district was held, when the project of getting the district set back to Concord was renewed, and a committee from the district was appointed with this end in view. That they attended to the duties assigned them is indicated by the following petition. "To his Excellency Wilham Shirly Esq"", and Governer in Chief of his Majestiess Province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England. To the Honb''' His Majesties Councel: And the Honb''' the house of Representitive of Said Province in General Court Assembled. August 12, 1756. The Petition of the District of Carlisle in the County of Middlesex by their Committee Humbly Sheweth, — "That whereas your Petitioners being Set off, of the Northerly Part of Concord a Separate District in April, 1754, And there being but a very Small Majority (if any) that were freeholders included in S*^ District that were Petitioners for being Sett off which Render'd our Case very Difficult and we Still Remain in a very Broken Posture. And altho there has been many Trials and in various ways for Coming into some ammicable agree- ment for building up the Place according to ye Intent of our being Set off. And Seeing all means Fail, and appre- hending the utter impossibility of ever Coming into any further agreement for Setting up a House for the Publick 12 HISTORY OF CARLISLE worship. Did at a District meeting on ye 14th of July Last Come into the Folowing Vote. "That the District will Petition the Great and General Com't that the whole of the District be Return'd Back to the Town of Concord with all their Former Priviledges — (And also that none of the Inhabitants be set off again into a Separate Town District or Precinct Excepting Such as shall hereafter Sign a Petition to the Great and General Court to be set off.) "We therefore Humbly Pray in the Name of the District that your Excellency and Honours would Take your District Distrest Condition into your wise Consider- ation and Releave us according to the vote of the District or in Such a way and manner as your Excellency and Honours Shall in j^our Great wisdom Think Fit — &c. "As in Duty Bound Shall Ever Pray John Barrett ] Comitt" for Jonathan Puffer j- the District of Daniel Raymond j Carlisle'' This petition received the attention of the General Court on the day of its date, and notice of same was ordered to be served on the town of Concord, returnable on the first Tuesday of the next session in October. On September 28, at a town meeting called for the purpose, the town of Concord voted not to choose a committee to oppose the petition, and also that they would receive the district back agreeable to their petition, and the following order was passed. "In Council October 6, 1756, Read again and it appearing that the Pet" had Served the Town of Con- cord with a Copy of the Pet" who have made no answer to the same Therefore Ordered that the Prayer of the Petition be granted and that the Inhabit"'^ of the District of Carlisle together with their Estates be annexed to the Town of Concord agreeable to their Pet" there THE DISTRICT OF CARLISLE 13 to do duty and enjoy Priviledge accordingly. Sent down for Concurrence — Thos. Clarke Dep^^ Secry. In the House of Rep'"' Ocf 6, 1756 Read and Concur'd AlP' Roland Cotton Cler Pro Temp' Consented to — S. Phips." For two years, five months and seventeen days, the district of CarHsle was privileged with an independent existence, and then by the stroke of a pen, by the same authority that gave it life, was returned again to form a part of the mother town, which had reluctantly consented to the original separation. The period of separation was a period of trouble and disappointments because of the con- tinued disagreement on a location for erecting a meeting- house, which, because of their lack of unity, they never had. The only cause recorded in the act setting them off as a separate district was, "by reason of their being remote from the place of the publick worship of God," apparently a remedial difficulty, but in reality a proved impossibility. When the district was set back to Concord there remained some financial adjustments that required the further interposition of the General Court. These received imme- diate attention and the entire transaction was completed. Chapter II THE SECOND DISTRICT OF CARLISLE For the next sixteen years no evidence of dissatis- faction among the people of the former district has been discovered. A petition, however, signed by Jeremiah Andrews, John Robbins, Samuel Green and fifty-four others, inhabitants of Concord, Billerica, Chelmsford and Acton, "living near together, and far distant from the place of public worship in their respective towns," was pre- sented to the General Court at the first session in 1772-73, praying that in order that they may be erected into a separate town or district, according to certain bounds designated in their petition, and comprising about seventy- six families, "a committee of the Legislature might be appointed, at the expense of the petitioners, to view their situation and circumstances." The petitioners alleged as reasons for their prayer that divers of them lived from three to seven miles from the regular places of worship in their respective towns, and out of a just regard to the reli- gious education of their children had, at their own expense, erected a place of public worship among themselves, not more than two and a half miles distant from any of their homes; which, and the hiring preaching from time to time, added to the province taxes, and their full propor- tion of the salaries of the ministers of the towns they now belong to proved a burden extremely heavy. The Legislature gave due consideration to the above petition, also to "the petitions of a number of the Inhabi- tants of the S*^ Towns who are Included within the limits prayed for, who pray that they may not be set off 14 THE SECOND DISTRICT OF CARLISLE 15 from ye Several Towns or Parishes to which they respec- tively belong, together with the Answer of the Towns of Concord, Billerica and Chemsford, have attended that Service, fully heard the parties, and on due Consideration are of the Opinion that the S"^ petition be dismissed, which is Submitted. Wm. Sever, orcT " In Council, January 2l\ 1773, Read and Accepted and Ordered that the petition above referred to be Dis- missed Accordingly. " Sent down for Conference. THo^ Flucker, Sec^- " In the House of Representatives, January 21, 1773. Read and Concurred. T. CUSHING, SpV" After the lapse of a little more than six years since the petition of certain inhabitants living near together, but in remote parts of Concord, Billerica, Chelmsford and Acton, who prayed to be erected into a separate town or district, had been considered by a legislative committee, and finally dismissed, another petition by John Green and others, inhabitants of the same locality and praying for similar action, and dated INIarch 8, 1779, also engaged the attention of the Legislature. These petitioners set forth their great distance from places of public worship in their respective towns; and also that they had built a house for the public worship of God, and had for twenty years supported preaching at their own expense; and promised to exempt any who should be in- corporated with them in the proposed district from any contribution toward the cost of the building up to that time. The petitioners also submitted the bounds and a plan for the intended district with the information that the territory included ninety dwellings and one hundred 16 HISTORY OF CARLISLE and two families. A legislative committee appointed on this petition repaired to the said towns, viewed the situa- tion, considered the petitions and remonstrances, which had grown very numerous and very imperative, and reported back to the General Court that the committee were fully of opinion that the prayer of said petition should be granted, with certain limitations which were named in their report; and that the petitioners have leave to bring in a bill for that purpose, which they did, and the new district was established according to the follow- ing act. "An act for erecting a District in the County OP Middlesex, by the name of Carlisle. "Whereas the inhabitants of the extreem parts of the towns of Concord, Acton, Chelmsford and Billerica, have for many years laboured under great difficulties and inconveniencies by reason of their remoteness from the places of public worship in the towns to which they, respectively, belong, and having supported the cost and charge of preaching for several years past, and labour under other great difficulties and disadvantages; and have earnestly requested this Court that they may be incorpo- rated into a district, — ''Be it therefore enacted by the Council and House of Representatives in (ieneral Court assembled, and by the authority of the same: "{Sect. 1.) That the tract of land bounded as follows; viz. : — beginning at the corner of land belonging to Issacher Andrews, upon Concord River; then running north, sixty degrees west, thirty-six poles; north, nine degrees west, sixty-six poles; north, fifty-eight degrees west, forty poles; north, thirty-two degrees west, two hundred and forty-five poles; north, twenty-seven degrees east, one hundred and fifty poles ; north, thirty-six degrees west, one hundred and fifteen poles; north, sixty degrees THE SECOND DISTRICT OF CARLISLE 17 west, ninety poles; north, fifty-two degrees west, one hundred and sixty-two poles; north, twenty- two degrees east, eighteen poles; north, sixty-eight degrees west, two hundred poles; south, seventy-eight degrees west, three hundred and eighty poles; south, sixty-five degrees west, three hundred and sixty-eight poles; south, three degrees east, two hundred and thirty-five poles; south, seventy- five degrees west, two hundred and sixty poles; south, one degree west, one hundred and seventy-two poles; south, seven degrees east, four hundred and thirty- five poles; south, fifty degrees east, five hundred and fifteen poles; south, sixty-four degrees east, six hundred poles; from thence, on the river aforesaid, to the corner first mentioned, running in a strait line north, twenty- six degrees east, eight hundred and fifty-five poles; con- taining about ten thousand one hundred and twenty- four acres, — be and hereby is incorporated into a district by the name of Carlisle; and that the said district be and hereby is invested with all the powers, privileges and immunities that towns in this State do or may enjoy, that of sending a representative to the General Assembly only excepted; and that the inhabitants of said district shall have liberty, from time to time, to join with the town of Acton in choosing a representative, and shall be notified of the time and place of election in like manner with the inhabitants of the said town of Acton, by a warrant from the selectmen of said town, directed to a constable or constables of said district, requiring him or them to warn the inhabitants to attend the meeting at time and place assigned; which warrant shall be seasonably returned by the said constable or constables, and the representative may be chosen indifferently from the said town or district, the pay or allowance to be borne by the town and district in proportion as they shall, from time to time, pay to the State tax. 18 HISTORY OF CARLISLE "And be it further enacted. "{Sect. ?.) That William Stickney, Esq., be and hereby is impowered to issue his warrant directed to some principal inhabitant within the district, requiring him to warn the inhabitants of said district, qualified to vote in town affairs, to assemble at some suitable time, and place in said district, to choose such officers as are necessary to manage the affairs of said district. "Provided nevertheless, — " {Sect. 3.) The said district shall pay one-sixth part of the charges that may arise from the maintaining of the North Bridge in Concord, untill the inhabitants of said district shall build a bridge from said district over said river, and no longer. "And 'provided further, — "{Sect. If-.) The inhabitants of said district shall support a pauper named Sarah Fletcher, and all other poor who now are or may be inhabitants within the limits of the same, let them belong to either of the towns aforesaid. "Provided, likewise, — " {Sect. 5.) The inhabitants of said district shall pay their proportionable part of all such Towti, County, and State taxes as are already assessed or may be assessed upon them during the present setting of the General Court, by the respective towns to which they have belonged, and of all public debts which may be now due from said towns. "And it is hereby further enacted, — " {Sect. 6.) That the inhabitants of said district be intitled, and they hereby are enabled, to demand and receive their just proportion of the arms and ammuni- tion to which they were entitled from their several towns, previous to this act being passed. "Provided, nevertheless, — And be it further enacted, — " {Sect. 7.) That Thomas Brown, Nathan Buttrick, THE SECOND DISTRICT OF CARLISLE 19 Oliver Barron, Sam'l Kibby, John Blood and Willard Blood, included in the boundary line of this bill, with their lands, be excluded out of said bill; but that they have liberty of inserting their names in the secretary's ofBce within one year from the date of this bill, that they choose to belong to Carlisle; that such of them as shall so insert their names shall be considered as part of the district of Carlisle, anything in this bill to the contrary notwith- standing. "Passed April 28, 1780." On April 29, the day following the passage of the pre- ceding bill, William Stickney, Esq., issued his warrant, directed to Asa Green, as one of the principal inhabitants within said district, requiring him to warn the inhabitants of said district, qualified by law to vote in town affairs, to assemble at the meeting-house on Monday, the eighth day of May, 1780, at two o'clock in the afternoon, to choose such officers as are necessary to manage the affairs of said district for the ensuing year. Phineas Blood was chosen moderator, and the following is a full list of all the officers chosen to conduct the affairs of the newly incorporated district for the first year of its existence. District Clerk: Zebulun Spaulding. Selectmen, Assessors and Overseers of Poor: Zebulun Spaulding, Phineas Blood, Lieut. John Heald. Committee of Safety: Capt. John Green, Thomas Spaulding, Capt. Israel Heald, Thomas Hod,gnian, Nathan Munroe. Constables: Timothy Wilkins, Sergt. Simeon Barrett. Surveyors of Highways: Jonas Robbins, John Rob- bins, Jr., Edward Brown, Isaac Wilkins, Simon Blood, Jr., Ebenezer Hardy. Tythingmen: Nathan Munroe, Isachar Andrews. Fence-Viewers: Nathaniel Parker, John Robbins. 20 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Hog-Reeves: Amos Flint, Josiah Heald, John Nickles, Edmond Andrews. Sealer of Leather: Henry Fletcher. Sealer of "Weights and Measures: Lieut. Asa Green. Field Drivers: Christopher Barritt, Samuel Davis, Jonathan Robbins, Phineas Blood. Deer-Reef: Jonas Robbins. Surveyor of Boards and Timber: Thomas Spaulding. Sealer of Hoops and Staves : Samuel Green. The General Court of the Colony of ^Massachusetts Bay, during the session of 1775-76. passed an act declaring "That every corporate body in this colony which in the act for incorporation thereof is said and declared to be made a district, shall beholden, taken and intended to be, a town to all intents and purposes whatsoever. Passed August 23." Now it is worthy of note that Carlisle was the first district in the colony incorporated after the passage of the above act, and also that it was the only district in Massachusetts at the time of the adoption of the consti- tution of the Commonwealth. The second district-meeting was called for Thursday, June 1, to be held also in the meeting-house. At this meeting a committee of three persons was chosen to see that the district be supplied with preaching for the ensuing year, and it was also voted to raise the sum of two thousand pounds for the support of the Gospel during said time, and before the close of the year it was voted to raise another sum of equal amount, in addition, for the same purpose; it was also further voted to build the body-seats, and ceil up the meeting- house as high as the bottom of the windows, and the sum of one thousand pounds was raised to be applied towards completing the work. A committee of five were chosen to superintend the improvements. Sums varying in amount were raised for various THE SECOND DISTRICT OF CARLISLE 21 purposes; for instance, two thousand pounds were raised to support the poor and defray the necessary charges that may arise in the district during the year; also two thousand pounds to amend and repair the highways and district roads; also under the head of this article it was voted that the sum of thirty dollars a day be allowed each man who shall work on the highways and perform his duty to the acceptance of the surveyors, and that a man with team (which probably implied an ox-team) shall be paid at the rate of sixty dollars per day. These various sums appropriated appear to be extrav- agant in the extreme, but the situation was as follows: In the year 1776 the General Court authorized bills of credit, which were to pass at face value in pajanent of all bills. There were also in circulation Continental bills of credit issued by the Federal Government, under a similar proviso, both of which finally became depreci- ated in value. A severe penalty was incurred for receiving or passing these bills at a rate less than their face value. This paper money began to depreciate about January 1, 1777, and was the source of much annoyance in the settlement of all obligations until the General Court in 1780 established a scale of depreciation for each month from January, 1777, until April, 1780, to be legal for the settlement of all accounts in the State. The depreciation increased month by month. One hundred dollars in gold or silver in January, 1777, was equal to one hundred and five dollars in the bills of credit of the United States. In January, 1778, one hundred dollars was equal to three hundred and twenty-five dollars in bills of credit; in January, 1779, to seven hundred and forty-two dollars: and in April, 1780, one hundred dollars in gold or silver was equal to four thousand dollars in Continental bills. So it will appear that the man who worked on the high- ways with his ox-team and received for his labor the sum 22 HISTORY OF CARLISLE of sixty dollars in bills per day, really got but one dollar and fifty cents in "solid cash." The district was incorporated just in time to vote for the first governor under the State constitution, and the record of a meeting called for that purpose and held September 4, 1780, reads as follows: " Voted and Chose for Governor the Hon''''' John Hancock, Esqr., of Boston, by 28 votes. Voted and Chose for Lieutenant, James Bowdoin Esqr., of Boston, by 28 votes." Considerable attention was given during the first two years of the existence of the district to the laying out of new roads, and repairing and straightening some that had previously existed. As early as December 21, 1780, it was voted by the inhabitants that the "district be divided by the Selectmen into six squadrons in order for the schools." For many years this division was adhered to, and the money raised by the district was equally divided between the sections. There is a school fund, amounting to the sum of five hundred dollars, given by will of the late Simon Blood, Jr., the interest of which can only be used, and is annually applied toward the support of schools. The following is a copy of the first order found in the records for paying for schooling, viz.: "Carlisle, February 27, 1781. "To Capt. Samuel Heald, Treasurer. Sir: Please to pay out of the money raised to support schooling, to Samuel Emery, the Sum of one Hundred and fifty Pounds to answer his Demands for keeping a writing school in said Carlisle, one month and boarding himself, £150.0.0. " By order of the Selectmen. " Zeuulun Spaulding, District Clerk." The first monry that was paid for taking care of the meeting-house, of which any record was made in the town- THE SECOND DISTEICT OF CARLISLE 23 books, was the sum of twelve shillings and twopence, which was paid out of the town treasury to 3,Ir. Timothy Wilkins, Jr., for sweeping and taking care of the meeting- house for one year ending the first of March, 1784. Other payments of similar amounts were made to various persons for the same service in subsequent years. In early times it appears to have been the duty of the selectmen to guard against the possibility of any person coming into the district to reside who would be likely to become a pauper, and instances are of common occurrence where persons thus suspected were warned by the constable to depart out of the district. One order drawn on the district treasurer, and dated March 2, 1786, is for the sum of seventeen shillings, to be paid to Deacon John Robbins for service done the district in warning out seventeen persons. The following is a copy of a summons taken from the town records, and will serve as a sample of many others that are to be found therein : "Middlesex, S. S. To Dea. John Robbins, one of the constables of the District of Carlisle, in the County of Middlesex, Greeting: "Whereas, Sarah Crosby, who is an inhabitant of the Town of Billerica, Came last from Westford on the Eighth of November instant to Reside in the District of Carlisle, the circumstances of the above Named person is such it is Supposed She will Soon be Chargeable to Some place, and the Selectmen of Said Carlisle do Refuse to admit her, the above named person, of becoming an inhab- itant, or any way Chargeable to Said Carlisle or any of the inhabitants thereof. "These are therefore in the Name of the Common- wealth of Massachusetts, to Require you immediately to warn the above-named person forthwith to Depart out of 24 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Said District and Stay no longer within the Bounds of the Same. Hereof fail not, etc. \sA Parlin, > Selechnen. Jonathan Heald, Carlisle, November 12, 1785." At the annual April meeting in the year 1790 it was voted to have a collector for the whole district, to collect the district rates, and that the office should be given to the lowest bidder, providing he shall be required to fur- nish satisfactory bondsmen. Previous to this date the service had been performed by the constables, two of whom were annually appointed, one for the east, and one for the west side of the district; and the rates for that part of the district for which they were chosen constable were committed to them to collect. Mr. Amos Blood's bid for collecting was fourpence halfpenny on the pound, and since he was the lowest bidder, he was chosen as the first collector under the more modern provisions of the preceding vote. Previous to the year 1790 it had been the custom for the selectmen to commit the warrant for calling district meetings to the constables, who personally warned the inhabitants, one taking the east side, and the other the west side of the district, the dividing line being the road from Chelmsford to Concord, which at that time passed near the meeting-house. The southern part of this road is now known as the Old Concord Road, and for purpose of travel is practically abandoned. At a meeting of the inhabitants held on the fourth day of October, 1790, it was voted that the annual meet- ings in March and April be warned in the future by post- ing up a copy of the warrant at the meeting-house the number of days required by law previous to said meeting. Thus was inaugurated the modern method practiced until the present day. THE SECOND DISTRICT OF CARLISLE 25 The first record that is found relating to guide-posts is recorded under the proceedings for the year 1796, and is as follows: "The Selectmen of Carlisle have agreed that it would be convenient to have Guide Posts Set up at the following places in Said Carlisle, viz: one near Mr. Tim- othy Wilkins, Jun'l House, to Direct to Chelmsford and Bedford; one near the School House in the East part of Carlisle, to direct to Concord and Bedford; one near the School House in the South-west part of Carlisle, to Direct to Concord, Chelmsford and Carlisle." The following year several sums were paid out of the treasury for guide-boards and expenses in procuring and erecting same, and it would seem that a number were erected in the district. In the year 1801 the district made their first appro- priation for music, when it was voted to raise the sum of twenty-five dollars for the purpose of hiring a singing- master. In subsequent years larger amounts were often raised and appropriated for the same purpose. In the year 1802 the district voted that a premium of twenty-five cents a head on crows be allowed to any inhabitant of the district who should kill them within the limits of the district. Lieut. Daniel Wheat was author- ized to pay for same on presentation and, as subsequently appears, seventy-three crows were carried to him and paid for, at an expense to the district of $18.25. Another similar offer was made by the town when, in the year 1872, it voted that the sum of twenty-five cents be paid out of the town treasury for each woodchuck killed within its limits. A committee of five persons, located in different parts of the town, were chosen to receive them and keep the record. The result was the destruction of five hundred and sixty animals, for which the town paid the sum of one hundred and forty dollars. The largest number credited to any one person was forty-three, for which Mr. 26 HISTORY OF CARLISLE C. H. Hutchinson was paid the sum of $10.75. Mr. Amos Baldwin reported the next largest number, and received the sum of nine dollars for the destruction of thirty-six animals. At the annual district meeting held March 7, 1803, it was voted that the selectmen serve gratis the ensuing year. Since it was customary on various occasions, connected with their duties, to provide spirituous refresh- ments, there might have been to some a temptation to aspire to the office notwithstanding the lack of financial compensation. Chapter III CARLISLE INCORPORATED A TOWN By the act which incorporated the district of Carhsle, it was debarred of the privilege of sending a representative annually to the General Court from among its own citizens and, while enjoying all the other privileges usually granted to towns, it was compelled to join with the town of Acton in the choice of a representative. Several times the question of making application to be incorporated as a town had been agitated by the inhabitants of the district, but it was not until June 11, 1804, that final action was taken. On that date the inhab- itants were assembled, agreeable to a warrant for that purpose, the first article in which was as follows: "To see if the District will agree to chuse agents to petition to the General Court to have said District of Carlisle separated from the Town of Acton, and that they may have appelation of Town instead of District, agreeable to a request of a number of the inhabitants of said Dis- trict, and pass any votes respecting the matter which they may think proper when met. " The action taken on this article was that the district make choice by ballot of an agent to petition the General Court to have the change brought about, and to have the district incorporated as a town. Jonathan Heald, Esq., was elected as agent, and the result of the petition was the following act of the Legislature, which incorporated the district as a town, after having existed as a district for the space of nearly twenty-five years. 27 28 HISTORY OF CARLISLE "Commonwealth of Massachusetts. In the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and five. An Act to incorporate the district of Car- lisle IN THE County of Middlesex, into a town by THE name of Carlisle. Sect. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in General Court assembled, and by the authority of the same. That the district of CarHsle, in the County of Middlesex, be, and hereby is, incorporated into a Town, by the name of Carlisle. And the said town is hereby vested with all the powers, privileges, and immun- ities to which other Towns are entitled by the Constitution and Laws of this Commonwealth. Sect. 2. Be it further enacted, That the said Town of Carlisle shall be liable to be assessed for the pay of Repre- sentatives heretofore chosen, in the same manner, and in the same proportion as if this Act had not passed. Approved February 18, 1805." The foregoing act was signed by his Excellency Caleb Strong, Governor of the Commonwealth, and marked an eventful era in the history of the town, the time when it outlived its minority and put on the full garb of manhood, standing shoulder to shoulder with its fellow towns in point of privilege as well as responsibility. It appears by the town records that an order was drawn on the town treasurer on the twenty-fifth of the succeeding March in favor of Jonathan Heald, Esq., for the amount of forty-seven dollars, payment for his attend- ing the General Court twenty-one and a half days for the purpose of getting the act of incorporation passed, and for cash paid the clerk of the Senate, and a journey to Acton. The above amount probably covered the expense for the act of incorporation. In the early history of the town an article which CARLISLE INCORPORATED A TOWN 29 annually appeared in the town warrant was as follows: "To see if the town will agree that horses, neat cattle and swine may run at large in the district." It was usually voted that this privilege be granted in the case of swine, but a vote in the negative was usually passed in relation to horses and neat cattle, except in the case of some poor persons who were required to get a permit from the select- men in order to avail themselves of the privilege. This article, as far as it relates to swine, appeared for the last time in 1831, and to horses and neat cattle in the year 1836. Another custom which has become obsolete at the present day is that of annually choosing fish and deer- reeves. The practice of choosing a sexton at the annual town meeting appears to have originated in the year 1805. James Kemp was the first to hold this position by vote of the town, and his duties consisted in taking care of the burying-plaee, digging the graves, and taking charge of the meeting-house. This service was after a few years let out by auction to the lowest bidder. For a number of years it had been customary to vendue the collection of taxes, the lowest bidder, provided he could furnish satisfactory bonds, held the office, and was usually chosen constable. The price paid by the town for this service was usually four or five cents on a pound, but two instances appear on record where the collector paid the town for the privilege of the office, in the years 1807 and 1808. In the former year Mr. Nathaniel Hutch- inson, Jr., offered to give one farthing on the pound and, in the latter year, the office was bid off by the same person, he agreeing to give the town four and a half cents on the pound to be made collector and constable. The explanation of this occurrence may be deduced from the fact that the custom prevailed of appointing the collector a constable, in those times a remunerative office; probably 30 HISTORY OF CARLISLE sufficiently so to justify paying a moderate amount in order to secure the two companion offices. There appears to have been a pound erected by the district soon after its incorporation, and by vote of the town its walls were used in preparing the foundation for the new meeting-house erected in 1811. In the year 1812, at a town-meeting held on the fourth day of May, the selectmen were chosen a committee to procure a location for a new pound, and also to let out the contract for build- ing same to the lowest bidder. Said contract was given to Mr. Nathaniel Parker, for which he was paid the sum of twenty-five dollars. This was probably the last pound erected by the town, and was located a few rods from the village, on the Westford road, and has since been removed, by consent of the town. Hearse and Hearse-House At a town meeting held April 4, 1808, it was ''voted that the town raise one hundred dollars to procure a hearse, and made choice of Capt. Nehemiah Andrews to expend said money, and provide a hearse for the use of the town." On March 10, 1809, the town treasurer paid out of the town's money to Mr. Isaac Blaisdell, who supported a wheelwright shop in the town at that time, the sum of $29.75, "it being for his building a hearse for the use of the town." Another order was drawn the preceding day in favor of Mr. Andrews, for the sum of $26.00, "it being for iron, harness and boxes, and his time, spend in pro- curing a hearse for the use of the town." A third order was drawn a little later in favor of James Kemp for the sum of $8.50, "it being for his doing the iron work on the hearse." These three amounts, the total of which is $64.25, HEARSE AND HEARSE-HOUSE 31 are all that appear to have been paid from the town treas- ury for the purpose of paying for the first hearse which the town owned. There may be little doubt that this first carriage for the dead was made from good material, and was substantial in construction. The moderate bill of expense to the town, however, would preclude the idea that it inherited much of the symmetry and beauty of a modern vehicle built for the same purpose; and diseased indeed must be the brain that would contemplate suicide with the sole purpose of securing a final journey in this early carriage of state. Now that the town was the owner of a hearse, the further consideration was to provide for it a place of shelter. An article was inserted in the warrant for the annual April meeting of the following year, which called for the consideration of this question. At this meeting it was "voted that the town erect a hearse-house sixteen feet long, nine feet wide, and seven feet high." A commit- tee of three, consisting of Capt. Nathan Haywood, Paul Forbush and Capt. Stephen Blood, were chosen to prepare a plan for said building with specifications, which they were to present on the evening of the same day, when it was "voted that the erection of the building be vendued." The following order subsequently drawn on the treasurer would seem to indicate the name of the con- tractor, as well as the cost of the building, viz., "To Mr. Nathan Green, Jr., town treasurer, Sir: Please to pay out of the town's money to Capt. Nehemiah Andrews, twenty- six dollars and four cents, it being for his building a house for the town hearse." This building was located on the southeast corner of the Central Burying Ground, in the center of the town, where it stood until the year 1867, when the town voted that the selectmen be authorized to dispose of it in such manner as they deemed best. It was finally sold for $35, 3^2 HISTORY OF CARLISLE moved away, and transformed into a dwelling. During its existence as a hearse-house it answered the double pur- pose of providing a shelter for the hearse, and serving as a sort of armory, or receptacle for the town's supply of powder, firearms and equipments. In the year 1838 a committee of three were appointed by the town to have the old hearse repaired, which seems to have answered its purpose until the year 1865, when at a town-meeting held November 7 a committee of three persons were chosen to procure a new hearse, and to dis- pose of the old one. Messrs. E. S. Hutchins, George F. Duren and Nathaniel Hutchinson were the committee, and subsequently purchased a more modern carriage for the dead from A. Tolman & Co. of Worcester, for the sum of $430. The old hearse was sold at auction for two dollars and after certain alterations served the purchaser, a resi- dent townsman, as a pleasure wagon for a number of years. By vote of the town March 19, 1888, the selectmen were instructed to buy a pole and runners for the hearse, which they procured for the sum of $19.50 exclusive of the bill for painting. At a town meeting held May 25, 1867, the last article in the warrant was to "see if the town \vi\\ provide a suitable place for the new hearse or act thereon," when it was voted "that the selectmen be authorized to build a suitable hearse-house." The result of this vote was the building of a hearse-house, located in Green Cemetery, erected at an expense to the towTi of nearly $'-250. Sheds suitable for the accommodation of two teams, and a com- fort station, have since been connected on the southern side. The Common A little inconvenience appears to have been experi- enced by the inhabitants of the town from the fact that CARLISLE IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION 33 the grant of land from Mr. Timothy Wilkins, mentioned elsewhere, did not include quite all of what is at present known as the Common, and in response to an article in the warrant for the annual town meeting, held Monday, March 1, 1813, a committee of three persons, Messrs. Frederick Blood, Nathan Green, Jr., and Thomas Heald, were chosen "to buy the land around the meeting-house within the roads, if they can agree with the owners thereof." The land desired appears to have belonged to Messrs. Reuben Duren and Cyrus Nutting. The committee pur- chased from Reuben Duren a strip of land, bounding the meeting-house lot on the south and west, estimated to con- tain one-half acre, more or less, for the sum of thirty dollars. They also purchased from Cyrus Nutting a piece of land bounding the meeting-house lot on the north, con- taining about six rods, for the sum of nine dollars. These two additions to the original meeting-house lot, which contained one and one-half acres, including all the land within the bounds of the roads, constitute what is now known as the Carlisle Common. Carlisle Improvement Association Several times during its existence the town has appro- priated money to be expended upon the Common. The largest sum appropriated at any one time was one hundred and twenty dollars, raised in the year 1828, and paid out for labor on the land around the meeting-house. In later years a modern organization, known as the Carlisle Improvement Association, has done much to improve the Common, besides building sidewalks, erecting street-lamps and otherwise beautifying the general appearance of the village. This society was organized April 8, 1878, with the 34 HISTORY OF CARLISLE following list of officers: President, Prescott Nickles; vice-president, Thomas A. Green; Secretary, Albert S. Day; treasurer, Marshall Lee; executive committee, Gil- man Nickles, I. F. Duren, J. F. Carr, Mrs. E. J. Green and Mrs. D. W. Robbins. Considerable money which this society has received from various entertainments given under its auspices, and from membership fees, has been judiciously expended for improving the general appearance of the town. Town Hall The question of building a town-house appears to have been thought to be worthy of consideration by some of the inhabitants of the town as early as the year 1833, for at a town meeting held on the first day of April in that year, the first article in the warrant read as follows: "To see if the town will agree to build a town-house, etc." The action of the town was to dismiss the article. Again, at a town meeting, held January 20, 1851, a committee previously appointed to provide a place to hold future town meetings was requested to report at the following March meeting "what would be the estimated expense of erecting a building suitable and convenient for town purposes." The committee reported as follows: "The expense of erecting a wooden building having a ground area of 14G8 feet, divided into a town hall, an entrance and two small anterooms, furnished in suitable manner, would be, according to the best information and judgment of the committee, $1648. It may be doubted whether it would be wise and judicious for the town to erect a building so small as that indicated in the above estimate. It might serve their present wants, but would hardly be suitable to accommodate a greatly increased population, etc." The town concluded in this case to hire TOWN HALL 35 what was known as Parker's Hall for the sum of twenty- five dollars per annum, rather than be at the expense of building. During the time intervening between the years 1845 and 1854, what was known as Mrs. Wheat's Hall, Parker's Hall, and Union Hall at the First Parish meeting- house, have been from time to time engaged for town pur- poses. On the latter named date the town engaged Union Hall for town purposes, for the consideration of twelve dollars per year, which price prevailed until the year 1873, when the price was raised to twenty-five dollars per annum, this rate prevailing for more than twenty years. In the year 1918, the town was renting the same hall at an annual rate of one hundred dollars. At a town meeting held in Union Hall, Monday, March 17, 1890, Article Nine in the warrant read as fol- lows: "To see if the town will vote to build a town hall or otherwise provide a fireproof apartment for the safe- keeping of the town records; also to see what sum of money the town will raise and appropriate for said pur- pose. " A yea and nay vote was taken on the first section of the above article, resulting in thirty-one yeas, and twenty-seven nays; thus it was voted to build. The next vote passed was to adjourn to Saturday, March 22, at one o'clock p. m. At the adjourned meeting Daniel W. Robbins was in the chair, and votes were taken on raising various sums of money for building a Town Hall, as follows: $6000, lost; $5000, lost; $250, lost; $4000, lost; and the meeting dissolved. At a town meeting called for Saturday, April 5, 1890, the following articles appeared in the warrant : "Art. II. To see if the town will vote to constitute the Board of Selectmen and Assessors a building commit- tee, they to procure plans and specifications to be pre- 36 HISTORY OF CARLISLE sented to the town for their acceptance at a special meet- ing in April or May, the meeting to be called by order of said committee." "Art. III. To see what sum or sums the town will vote to appropriate for the erection of said building." "Art. IV. To see how much money the town will vote to raise the present year by taxation, toward what may be appropriated for the above-mentioned Town House." In response to the latter warrant, the voters of Carlisle met and took action as follows: Under Article I, elected Daniel W. Robbins moderator. Voted to adjourn. Thus ended another attempt on the part of the town to own a town hall, needed more especially at this time because of the fireproof feature, for the safe-keeping of the town records demanded by the State. Fire Engine In the year 1832 a fire engine was secured, partly by subscription with the balance being paid from the town treasury. The first officers elected were: John S. Baker, master; Isaac Duren, second master; Ai Wheat, clerk. Twenty-one engine men were appointed by the selectmen to work and manage the engine, which was an inferior machine and never of much advantage to the town. The engine was finally sold at auction by the town, in the year 1868, for the sum of six dollars and fifty cents. The Carlisle Volunteer Fire Company On July 21, 1916, a meeting was called to organize a volunteer fire company. The meeting was called to order at eight p. m.. Fire Warden George G. Wilkins presiding. On motion it was "voted that a fire company be organ- THE CARLISLE VOLUNTEER FIRE COMPANY 37 ized in Carlisle to be known as The Carlisle Volunteer Fire Company, for the purpose of protecting life and property from fire and especially from forest fires." Nineteen of those present at this meeting signified their desire to join the organization. The chair appointed Messrs. D. C. Whittemore, N. J. Burkett and J. J. Brad- ley as a committee to draft a constitution and by-laws, and the meeting adjourned. On September 16, 1916, the second meeting was called and presided over by Fire Warden George G. Wilkins. The committee on constitution and by-laws reported a constitution, containing nine articles, which with certain revisions was generally adopted, and the meeting was adjourned to September 23, 1916. At the adjourned meeting the permanent organization was formed and the following officers were elected by ballot: Captain, George G. Wilkins; Lieutenant, William Foss, Jr.; Clerk, Fred P. Nickles; Treasurer, D. C. Whitte- more. Finance Committee, James H. Wilkins, Winthrop Puffer, Roswell Teabo. Article V of the constitution, referring to member- ship, makes it imperative that members of the company shall be between the ages of sixteen and sixty-five years, and before admission to membership shall sign the roll, pay one dollar membership fee, and receive a two- thirds vote of members present and voting. The following is a list of members of The Carlisle Volunteer Fire Company, as of March 8, 1919: George G. Wilkins, Eugene R. Teabo, Edson B. Robbins, William Foss, Jr., George E. Heald, Dexter C. Whittemore, John J. Bradley, James H. Wilkins, Fred P. Nickles, Winthrop F. Puffer, Palmer Pedersen, Joseph Grenier, Henry N. Clark, George West, Samuel Kenney, George E. Wilkins, Warren C. Duren, Edwin B. Currier, Harry G. Saunders, E. L. Dow, Arthur C. Blaisdell, Charles R. Miller, Frank Booth, H. F. 38 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Heald, Charles S. Taylor, Edgar I. Blaisdell, Cris Hagan, Martin Olsen, W. S. Barrett, Alfred Pedersen, George I. Otterson, George E. Jones, Michael Lyan, Walter Koford. The Company's fire-fighting apparatus at the present time (1920) consists of a Ford truck equipped with fire extinguishers and ladders, which are stored in a building on Lowell Street belonging to Mr. A. C. Blaisdell, and for which the town pays the rent. Chapter IV POST OFFICE There has never been bilt one post office within the limits of the town of Carhsle. The date of its estabhsh- ment was March 12, 1834, and Dr. John Nelson was the first postmaster. The following-named persons have suc- cessively held the office, and against the name of each appears the time from which their several commissions date: Dr. John Nelson, March 12, 1834; Joseph V. Heald, December 23, 1835; John C. Nickles, April 13, 1842; James W. Wilkins, January 30, 1844; Artemas Parker, July 8, 1846; Lucius Stiles, June 8, 1849; George W. Green, December 2, 1852; John E. Cutter, July 20, 1859; Artemas Parker, November 12, 1861; John H. Champney, June 18, 1867; Charles T. Worthley, March 2, 1868; Sidney A. Bull, July 1, 1870; John S. Gerow, January 14, 1887; Sidney A. Bull, April 10, 1889; John G. Blaisdell, April 11, 1893; W. B. Chamberlin, April 5, 1897; D. L. Chamberhn, April 25, 1898; W. B. Chamberlin, June 29, 1903; D. L. Chamberlin, December 11, 1907. Town Report In the year 1847 it was voted at the March meeting that the receipts and expenses of the town for the past year be printed, and that a copy of the same be furnished to each voter at the subsequent April meeting. This appears to be the first printed annual report of the town officials that the town ever authorized. 39 40 HISTORY OF CARLISLE TiTHINGMEN The custom of annually choosing tithingmen pre- vailed in the town until the year 1850. The following is a list of those chosen at the annual March meeting in that year, they being the last ever elected by the town to that position: James W. Wilkins, Samuel P. Stevens, Gilman Nickles, Amos T. Monroe, Austin March, Nathaniel Hutchinson. Town Safes In the year 1857 Capt. Thomas Green, Mr. Selar Simons and Mr. Isaac Blaisdell were chosen a committee to purchase a safe for the better protection of the town records. The committee attended to their duties, and the town in settlement for the same paid J. J. Dunklee the sum of forty-five dollars. This was the first safe the town ever owned, and served its purpose until at a town meeting held November 7, 1893, the warrant for said meeting contained the following article: "Art. II. To see what action the town will take in regard to better pro- vision for the public records." "On motion of E. J. Carr it was voted to raise and appropriate one hundred dollars to purchase a safe for the safe keeping of the town records." "It was also voted that the selectmen purchase the safe," which they did at an expense to the town of ninety-one dollars, including freight and teaming. The two safes here mentioned are all that the town ever owned previous to the year 1895, the date on which the Gleason Library was erected, in the basement of which is a fireproof vault eight feet square, that supplies the needs of the town in this particular. Appraisers at Town Farm In the year 1858 Capt. Thomas Green, Cjtus Heald and William Green, 2d, were chosen to appraise property EAILROADS 41 at the town farm; they were the first ever chosen by the town to that office. Noon Hour Bell An early custom, which has now become obsolete, was that of ringing one of the church bells at the noon hour. This practice was discontinued in Carlisle after the year 1869. It was in the warrant for the annual April meeting for that year that the usual article appeared, viz.: "To see if the town will vote to have the church-bell rung at the noon-hour during the ensuing year. " It is recorded that the town voted in response to said article (in a jocular sense, without doubt) "that any man that has a bell shall ring it himself." It would seem that this manner of settling the question was not satisfactory to some of the inhabitants, for another town meeting was called fourteen days later, the warrant for which contained but two articles, the first of which was in relation to having the church bell rung. The town voted that the selectmen be authorized to procure the use of one of the church bells and employ a suitable person to ring the same at twelve o'clock noon, the ensuing year; the article never again appeared in the warrant. Railroads Carlisle has been unfortunate as regards railroad accommodations, and yet twice, at least, has been called upon to take action in regard to a proposed location for one through the town. The first occasion was on January 15, 1870, when a town meeting was called principally for the purpose of ascertaining if the town would take any action in regard to the proposed railroad from Framingham to Lowell, which would naturally pass through the town. The town voted that a committee of three persons be 42 HISTORY OF CARLISLE appointed by the selectmen, and that they have full power to take such action in reference to the location of the pro- posed railroad from Framingham to Lowell as will best subserve the interest and convenience of the town, and especially that they be authorized to pledge the town to subscribe twenty thousand dollars to the capital stock of said road. The committee subsequently appointed by the select- men were Messrs. Selar Simons, B. F. Heald and William W. Morse. Whatever efforts this committee may have put forth, the result was of but little benefit to the town, as the final location of the road was two and a half miles to the west of the center, barely crossing a corner of its territory, with the depot located just beyond its boundary lines, in the town of Westford. April 29, 1871, the town voted to take measures to secure a favorable location through its territory for the proposed Middlesex Central Railroad, and chose by ballot a committee of five persons, viz.: Messrs. H. Prescott, William Green, George H. Robbins, Benjamin Barrett and W. W. Morse, to assist in making a survey for said road. The town also voted to be assessed five per cent on its val- uation for the purpose of aiding to build the road, if a favorable location should be the result; this, however, was not the case, and the town today is without adequate steam railroad accommodations. Chapter V EARLY MILITARY HISTORY The second district of Carlisle had its birth in the middle of the Revolutionary War period, and demands were frequently made on the district for funds and men to supply her quota for the army. Carlisle appears to have been willing to perform her obligations in this respect, and at a meeting of the district held by adjournment in the meeting-house, July 3, 1780, it was "voted to raise the sum of thirty thousand pounds to be applied toward pay- ing the soldiers, and otherwise discharging such debts as may arise on account of the war." The following proceedings also recorded of a meet- ing held February 26, 1781, for the purpose of raising men in response to a call of the Court for same, are but illustrating what was frequently occurring until the close of the war. After the choice of a moderator, "then the orders or Resolves of Court were Read Respecting Raising a number of men to Serve in the Continental army for three years or During the war with Britton. Voted to Chuse a Committee of seven to hire men. Chose Lieut. Isachar Andrews, Capt. Israel Heald, Timothy Wilkins, James Nickles, Zacheus Green, Ephraim Robbins, and Stephen Blood Jun""', then Capt. Israel Heald, and Lieut. Isachar Andrews, imbodied the men present at said meet- ing and went Round in ord. to Se if any was Spirited to Inlist, but none enlisted, when it was voted to adjourn the meeting to monday next at 4 of the Clock in the after- noon. ' ' At the adjourned meeting it was "voted that the 43 44 HISTORY OF CARLISLE selectmen divide the district into six classes, and require each class to procure a man to serve in the army." Numerous instances appear on the town records where money was paid for various items for the benefit of the army, such as beef, corn, blankets, various kinds of pro- visions and necessities; also in several instances a horse was purchased to be sent to the army. The demands were frequent, and in the aggregate amounted to quite an expense to the district, as well as a heavy drain on the men able to perform military duty. The following list of names of soldiers who served in the Revolutionary War and were credited to the district of Carlisle, also the time of service and compensation for same, was procured from searching the Revolutionarj^ Rolls at the State House and the district records. The list is but approximately complete and doubtless would be more voluminous did it contain all the names of soldiers who served in the war that deserve to be credited to the limits of the district. But since more than four years had elapsed, succeeding the battle of Lexington and Concord, before the second district was incorporated, all soldiers from within its limits previous to this date were credited to the respective towns from which the territory was sub- sequently taken. Name Time of Service Ammint of Pay Joel Wheeler 6 months £1155 .. Asa Wheeler 6 months 1656 .. Nathan B. Munroe 3 months 900 . . Abraham Andrews 3 months 248-14S Daniel Wheat 3 months 1230 . . Leonard Green 3 months 1410 . . Thomas Wood 3 months 906 . . Timothy Wilkins, Jr. 3 months 1325-2 Joseph Nixon 3 months 955-10 Samuel Proctor 6 months 1566 .. EARLY MILITARY HISTORY 45 Name Time of Service Amount of Pay Patrick Neff 6 months £1375-I6s John Crosby 6 months 1800 . . Paul Lamson 6 months 474-15 Jonathan Heald 3 months 792 . . Abram Taylor James Mackensay Mercham Taylor Amos Amos G months 1600 . . Ebenezer Stone, Jr. Thomas Welch Matthew Jennerson Peter Oliver Phillip Boston Barrett Blood Thaddeus Parhn Joseph Butler, Jr. At a district meeting held August 18, 1794, it was voted "that the minute men have Seven Dollars per month in case they Shall be called into actual Service while in Service Including the Continental pay and also give them three Dollars Bounty within twenty days from this time or Sooner if called upon to march and further Voted that the minute men who Shall turn out Volun- taryly and enlist Shall have the Same pay which the Town of Concord have agreed to give their minute men." In compliance with this vote an order was drawn on the district treasurer August 29, 1794, for £13.10.0, "it being the total amount of a bounty at eighteen shillings each which the district voted to give in consideration of their serving as minute men to the following persons: Lieut. Daniel Wheat, Nathan Parlin, Jr., Samuel Hartwell, James Kemp, Reuben Durant, Benjamin Robbins, Thomas Heald, Asa Hartwell, James Russell, Junr., Simon Wheeler, 46 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Nathan Wheeler, Amos Green, Asa Green, Nathaniel Parker, Jr., David Walker." In the year 1800 a special meeting of the inhabitants of the district was called for Tuesday, April 19. The fourth article in the warrant was as follows : " To See if the District will agree to make provision for their Soldiers at the General muster at Concord, or act on the article as they may think proper." In regard to this article it was "Voted that each Soldier who attends the muster Shall have one pound and an half of Beef of Sutable pieces and one pound and an half of Bread, one third part of a pound of cheese, and one quarter of a pound of powder, and the Company one Barrel of old Cider, and three gallons of W. I. rum a day, and that the Soldiers who do duty in other companies draw as much money as the cost is to each Soldier who draws provision. " A committee of three. Deacon Ephraim Robbins, Capt. Timothy Adams and Nathan Green, Jr., were chosen to provide said articles, which they did, as orders subsequently drawn on the treas- urer in their favor would go to prove. That a military organization existed in the district continuously after its incorporation would appear from references often made in the proceedings at the district meetings. On June 11, 1804, it was "voted that the Dis- trict of Carlisle supply the Training Band with Car- tridges, and also furnish two flints for each member, to be forever kept in store for said Band." Capt. Ezekiel Nickles, Lieut. Nathan Heywood and Ensign Abel Nickles were appointed a committee to supply the said articles and it would seem probable that they were the commissioned oflScers of the organization at that time. At a town meeting held May 16, 1808, the town "Voted to raise Twenty Five Dollars, to be laid out for powder, to be expended on Independence Day" and also "Voted that the three commissioned oflScers of the Car- EARLY MILITARY HISTORY 47 lisle company be a committee to procm-e said powder." This is the first recorded appropriation or expenditure of money by the town, for the purpose of celebrating Fourth of July. A prominent feature in the early history of the dis- trict and town of Carlisle is that very many of the male citizens had attached to their names some military title, which would at least tend to show that military affairs claimed a good share of attention. And what would appear more probable than that the experience of a seven-years war, the first battle of which was fought so near to its boundaries that the volleys of the contesting parties might have been distinctly heard, as they reverberated across its fields, should create a military spirit which it would take years to efface.^^ In the year 1814 the town voted to purchase guns and equipments (said guns and equipments to remain the property of the town) for all those persons required to perform military duty, and who were unable to equip themselves. At the same time it was also voted to procure at the expense of the town for the use of the soldiers sixty canteens, and a few years later knapsacks were provided for what was known as the Carlisle Company. These equipments and arms were stored in the hearse-house, located at the southeast corner of the Central Burying Ground and near the present entrance to the same, in the center of the town. In the year 1830 and for several subsequent years, it was customary for the town to refund the amount of the poll tax assessed on those persons who performed all the military duty in uniform (which uniform was probably provided at their own expense) required of them by the laws of the Commonwealth, and each year the treasurer was served with a list of persons who would be entitled to have said amount refunded, and ordered to pay the same. 48 HISTORY OF CARLISLE At a town meeting held September 9, 1851, the town voted to accept an invitation from the town of Acton to join with them in the dedication of a monument, which at that time was being erected to the memory of Capt. Isaac Davis and others of Revolutionary fame. The meeting also chose a committee of five, Benjamin Barrett, Joel Boynton, John Jacobs, True Wiggin and Rev. Seth W. Banister, to confer with the Acton committee and make the necessary arrangements. Nothing more is recorded of this affair, but it would seem probable that the citizens of the town participated in the celebration. In the year 1853 it appears that military ambition was on the wane, and that military drill had been dis- continued, for the tenth article in the warrant for the annual April meeting of that year was: "To see if the town will agree to sell the old guns and other articles in the hearse-house belonging to the town." It was voted to have the town treasurer sell the same. At a town meeting held March 18, 1875, the town was called upon to consider and take action in reference to an invitation extended by the towns of Concord and Lexing- ton, inviting the town of Carlisle to join with them in the celebration of the centennial anniversary of the battle at Concord and Lexington. The following are extracts from resolutions presented by Major Benjamin F. Heald, which were accepted and adopted by the meeting, and which were virtually later carried into effect by the town: "Whereas the citizens of the town of Concord, on the nineteenth of April next, propose to celebrate in a suitable manner the centennial anniversary of the battle at Concord, and have invited us to join with them in that celebration; and. Whereas many of our ancestry largely participated in the events to be commemorated, therefore, " Resolved, that we cordially accept the invitation, and EARLY MILITARY HISTORY 49 will attend the celebration as an organized body, with music, and an appropriate banner, and that we will invite the Spaulding Light Cavalry to act as our escort on the occasion." A committee of nine were chosen by the town to make all necessary arrangements, and included the following- named persons: Stephen Taylor, Selar Simons, George F. Duren, Nathaniel A. Taylor, Edward S. Hutchins, Leonard M. Green, Horace W. Wilson, John W. Heald, George P. Nickles. The committee procured the services of the Dunstable Cornet Band, who for several years have annually mustered at the State encampment at Framing- ham with the Spaulding Light Cavalry, and who now, as then, turned out mounted on their own horses, and furnished music. Their martial appearance of course added much to the interest of the occasion. An invitation to act as escort for the citizens of the town was accepted by the Spaulding Light Cavalry, who also turned out with full ranks and as a mounted organi- zation. A large banner, painted especially for the occasion, representing in life size a soldier in Continental dress, was carried by the Carlisle contingent. On the whole the town was very creditably repre- sented, a large number of her citizens marching in the parade under the cavalry escort. General Grant, the hero of the Civil War on the side of the Union forces, was then President of the United States, and graced the occasion by his presence. The day, from the standpoint of temperature, was unseasonable, being cloudy, chilly and cold. A large concourse of people were present, and many developed colds, which in some cases proved fatal. As the organizations were returning to Carlisle, and were within about a quarter of a mile of the village, a dead calf was discovered hung high up on a tall pine tree, bearing 50 HISTORY OF CARLISLE the inscription: "Dinner for the Centennial Committee." While this caused no little merriment to most of those witnessing the affair, at least one member of the Com- mittee felt extremely incensed ; so much so that by almost superhuman effort he at once climbed the tree and with his pocket knife cut loose the entire exhibit. A bountiful dinner was prepared by the ladies of Carlisle, and served to the members of the Spaulding Light Cavalry and the Dunstable Cornet Band on their return after the day's exercises in Concord. The sum of five hundred dollars was voted and appropriated by the town to pay the expense of the cele- bration. Of this amount the sum of three hundred and forty-eight dollars was used by the committee to pay the bills. Three delegates from the town, Messrs. Paul G. Forbush, Albert Boynton and Benjamin F. Blaisdell, were chosen to represent Carlisle at Lexington, and w^ere present at the centennial exercises there. Chapter VI PAUPERS The number of paupers cared for by the district in the year 1796 was five, and it was voted at the annual district meeting "that they be put out in the usual way," which was that they be vendued, or auctioned off to the parties who would care for them for the least compensation. They were put out in this way for periods varying in time from three months to a year, according to the vote of the district, but usually for a period of six months, and the vendue for a number of years took place at the home of Mr. Timothy Wilkins, he often being vendue master. Annually the district, and subsequently the town, until about the year 1830, paid bills for liquor used on these vendue occasions. The following order, copied from the town records, is a sample of others found there and gives a glimpse of the customs as they were then : "Carhsle, Feb. 3, 1806. "To Mr. Nathan Green, Treasurer: Please pay out of the town's money to Mr. Samuel Brown the sum of one dollar, it being for his finding six mugs of toddy last April when the poor were vendued. "By order of the Selectmen. "Jonathan Heald, Town Clerk.'''' Orders were drawn on the town treasurer from time to time, as occasion required, when one and another of the town paupers died, for funds in payment for coflSns for their burial. These coffins were usually made by some resident of the town, and the price charged for years, on either side of the year 1800, ranged from one dollar and a 51 52 HISTORY OF CARLISLE half to two dollars and a half each. Such a sum at the present day would at least be considered a very modest charge for the article named. To\^^^J Farm As has been previously stated, "letting out" the paupers to the best financial advantage, formerly by auction, and later by bargain between the selectmen and the contracting parties, was the practice of the town until about the year 1852. In the warrant for the annual April town meeting in the year 1850, the seventh article reads as follows: "To see if the town will take any measures to purchase a poor-farm, or act thereon." The town voted to dismiss the article. This was the first action taken by the town regarding the ownership of a home for the accom- modation of their poor. No more efforts in this direction on the part of the town appear to have been put forth until nearly two years later, when, at the annual March meeting in the year 1852, a committee of five persons were chosen to gather information and report, at the next April meeting, the terms at which farms in the town suitable for a poor farm could be purchased. Their report was quite lengthy, giving the particulars concerning seven farms which they had examined, one of which was a farm in the possession of John W. Holland, of Lowell, containing, as stated, one hundred and sixty-two acres of land, the price of which was two thousand nine hundred dollars, an amount that part of the committee considered reasonable. This farm, the committee state in their report, was the onlj;- one on which they could agree (all things con- sidered) to recommend to the town for its favorable con- sideration, should the town decide to purchase. In con- cluding their report the committee state that the annual average cost of supporting the poor for the past twelve PAUPERS 53 years had been $424,873/^. The foregoing report, which was given at the April town meeting, was accepted, and a committee of three, Messrs. Thomas Green, True Wiggin and Jonas Parker, were chosen to purchase for the town the Holland farm, and take a deed of the same. The committee were instructed to make a report of their proceedings at the next town meeting, which they did on the eighth of November following, stating that they had purchased the George Nickles farm (so called) for the sum of two thousand nine hundred dollars, and that they had paid down the sum of nine hundred dollars, and given their note on demand, to John W. Holland, at six per cent interest, for the balance of two thousand dollars. The town voted to accept and adopt the report of the committee and authorized their treasurer to give the town's security for the notes given by the committee and also voted to raise the sum of fifteen hundred dollars to be used for the purpose of furnishing the farm and supporting the poor. At a town meeting held November 3, 1868, the town voted to authorize the overseers of the poor to procure material sufficient to repair the barn at the town farm, as they thought necessity required. Very little was done, however, until the year 1870, when the barn was enlarged, repaired and made nearly new, at an expense to the town of $1124.24. At a town meeting held November 2, 1880, the town voted "that the overseers of the poor be authorized to sell the wood on the town farm, and that the amount of sales be appropriated toward the town debt." Before the close of the fiscal year, which ended March 1, 1881, the overseers had sold a certain lot of wood from the farm for which they received the sum of two thousand twenty-five dollars, which money was appropriated as required by the provi- sions of the foregoing vote. 54 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Now that the barn on the town farm had been put in good repair, and the condition of the house being bad, and scarcely suitable for a dwelling, the attention of the town was directed toward a change in this particular, and at a town meeting held March 21, 1881, the town voted to build a new house on the town farm, and at a subsequent town meeting held April 23, voted to raise and appropriate the sum of fifteen hundred dollars for said purpose, and that the money be expended under the supervision of the selectmen. The contract for putting in the cellar was subse- quently given to Mr. Frank S. Bartlett for the sum of $225, and for furnishing material and building the house Mr. H. W. Wilson was paid the sum of $1975. Extra work and various incidentals required in erecting the building, added to the above amounts, made the entire cost of the building when completed the sum of $2592.32. Chapter VII SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLHOUSES As has been previously noted, the district of Carlisle was early divided into six squadrons or districts for school purposes, and school sessions were annually held in the various districts, although it was some years before there were any school buildings. The practice prevailed in early days of hiring a room from some resident in each district to be used as a schoolroom, the owner receiving remuneration from the town. In the year 1796, at the annual district meeting, it was voted to raise the sum of six hundred dollars for the purpose of building schoolhouses; probably a part or all of this money was used for the purpose for which it was voted. The first school committee were elected by the dis- trict in the year 1800, when the selectmen were dele- gated to this office, their duty being to see that schools were maintained in the districts, agreeable to law. In the year 1818, at a meeting of the inhabitants of the Centre School district, held in the meeting-house on the twenty- third day of March, it was "voted to erect a schoolhouse in said district." This meeting was adjourned to April 13, at which adjourned meeting it was "voted to build the schoolhouse on the top of the hill south of the meeting-house." Also "voted to build with brick, and that the building shall be twenty-one feet square, with a porch," after which it was "voted that seventy-five dollars, which would be the district's pro- portion of the money raised by the town for schooling, 55 56 HISTORY OF CARLISLE be appropriated for the purpose of erecting the building." It was further "voted that the district be taxed, in addi- tion to said sum, for the amount of two hundred and thirty dollars for the above-mentioned purpose." Deacon John Green, Nathan Green, Jr., and John Jacobs were chosen as a building committee. In the year 1828, the inhabitants of the North School district voted that the district be assessed for the sum of five hundred and fifty dollars for the purpose of building a schoolhouse in said district. The contract for erecting the building was awarded to Benjamin Barrett, Jr., for which he was paid the sum of $553.62. It was thor- oughly^ repaired in the year 1869 at an expense to the town of $582.52. In the year 1837, the number of school districts was reduced from six, which had existed up to the last-named date, to five. A committee appointed by the town to investigate the circumstances and report on the advisa- bility of said change, reported in its favor, and included in their report the bounds of division of the several dis- tricts, which report was accepted and adopted by the town. In the year 1839, the inhabitants of the East School district voted to raise, by tax, the amount of one hun- dred and seventy dollars, to build a new schoolhouse in said district. This building was destroyed by fire in the early part of the year 1869, and was rebuilt during the same year at a total expense to the town of $1574.10. On December 11, 1839, the inhabitants of the South School district voted to raise the sum of seventy dollars by tax, to be appropriated toward defraying the expense of building a new schoolhouse in their district. On May 28, 1840, by vote of the inhabitants of the West School district, they agreed to be assessed for the sum of one hundred and seventy-five dollars, for the SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLHOUSES 57 purpose of building a new schoolhouse in their district. Consequently it appears that within the space of twenty- two years, or between the years 1818 and 1840, five new schoolhouses were built in the town, or one for each school district. This seems to have sufficed until the year 1848, when District No. 1, in the center of the town voted to raise six hundred dollars by tax, to build a new school- house, the lot of land on which it was to be located having been given to the town for the purpose by Mr. William Green. The schoolhouse in the South School district having been entirely consumed by fire during the latter part of the year 1886, a town meeting was called for January 12, 1887, at which the town voted "to erect a schoolhouse in said district to replace the one recently destroyed by fire, at an expense to the town not to exceed the sum of eight hundred dollars, including furniture. Messrs. H. Prescott, Artemas Taylor and John P. Davis were chosen for a building committee, who proceeded with the task assigned them, and in due time presented the town with the result of their labors, which included the building in a finished state, furnished and ready for use, at an expense to the town of $805.08, Owing to certain changes in the school system, this building was not required for school purposes, and was sold by the town in 1891 to Capt. H. W. Wilson for the sum of one hundred and sixty dol- lars. In the year 1892, there began to be a conviction in the minds of some of the inhabitants of the town that better educational results could be obtained by having a graded school located in the center of the town, and including a plan for transporting the pupils to and from said school, than were being obtained by the prevailing district system. In response to this opinion the warrant for the annual town meeting, held Monday, March 21, 58 HISTORY OF CARLISLE 1892, contained two articles relating to the matter as follows: "Art. XII. To see if the town is in favor of con- solidating the schools. Voted to dismiss the article. Art. XIII. To see if the town will furnish suitable accom- modations for all the schools at the center of the town, or do anything in relation to the same? Voted that a committee of three be nominated from the floor, to report at a future town meeting on a suitable location, and cost of land and school building, with plan of same, suitable to accommodate all the scholars of the town." The committee were nominated, but nothing seems to have been accomplished. The matter, however, was not dropped, for from the latter-named date to Febru- ary 10, 1908, nine town meetings were called, each war- rant containing articles to be voted upon, referring to the proposed change in the school system. Seven of these were special town meetings, and five were called by peti- tion. At three meetings it was voted to build; at four meetings committees were chosen; but when it came to raising and appropriating funds, the necessary two-thirds vote could not be obtained, and there were no results. At the annual town meeting, held Monday, March 5, 1906, on motion of Dexter C. Whittemore, it was "voted to raise and appropriate the sum of two hundred dollars or such part thereof as may be necessary, to be expended by the incoming board of selectmen in digging a well on the schoolhouse grounds." This resulted in the sink- ing of a well on the schoolhouse grounds at the center of the town, at a total cost to the town of two hundred and fifty-five dollars. In response to a petition of F. H. Billington and others, a special town meeting was called for Monday evening, February 10, 1908, the business to be considered being as follows: "Art. II. To hear the report of the committee appointed at the mass meeting of January 20^ •«§ SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLHOUSES 59 1908." This committee consisted of Thomas A. Green, F. H. Billington and D. L. Chamberhn. Their report stated, in substance, that the existing school buildings in town did not have the two hundred and fifty cubic feet of air space for each pupil that the State law requires, that it was impossible with stoves to maintain an even tem- perature in the rooms and corridors of seventy degrees, as required by law, and to have proper ventilation. The cost of remodeling the present school buildings to comply with the State law would be two thousand dollars, and another building in addition would be required to accom- modate the pupils. The committee had secured plans and estimates for a suitable school building, from a number of architects, and four were presented to the meeting, varying in cost from eight to nine thousand dollars each. "On motion of George R. Duren, voted to accept the report of the committee and place it on file; also to extend to them a vote of thanks." Article III related to finances, and it was moved by Thomas A. Green, "that the town raise and appropriate the sum of eight thousand dollars for the purpose of pro- viding funds for the erection of a new schoolhouse, and that the treasurer, with the advice of the selectmen, be instructed to borrow the same. That bonds or notes of the town be issued therefor, payable at such times as shall extinguish the debt within fifteen years, and that one- fifteenth of this sum be assessed at the time of the assess- ment of the annual tax following this meeting." The motion prevailed, the vote being thirty yeas and fifteen nays. Article IV related to a committee, and "on motion of George R. Duren, voted that Frank H. Billington, Daniel L. Chamberlin and Thomas A. Green serve as a building committee, with full powers to act for the town." 60 HISTORY OF CARLISLE The above-named building committee proceeded at once to secure bids for the erection of the new building that would come within the limits of the appropriation, and awarded contracts as follows: stonework, R. Wilson Dix; carpenter work, Charles E. Parkhurst; brick work, J. Harry Wilkins; paving, James W. Long; plastering, Wilfred Lorrain; painting, Ole Linsted; heating, Carroll Brothers. The building as completed is nearly square in shape, two stories high, has four schoolrooms, and a teachers' room over the hallway in the front. In the base- ment are children's playrooms, and a heating plant, including two furnaces and a boiler. The system of venti- lation conforms to the requirements of the State inspectors of public buildings, and is supposed to be the best. The cost, including plans and supervision by the architect, was $8325. The schoolhouse is located on "Schoolhouse Hill " near the site of former schoolhouses that had served the Center district, and was erected with a great degree of celerity, it being ready for use, and occupied for school purposes for the first time, during the week preceding Christmas in the year 1908 or, in other words, during the same year that the committee in charge were given authority to build. The townspeople appear to appreciate the graded school system thus introduced, and the pupils are doubtless profiting by the advantages over the old district system. At a special town meeting held Monday, November 16, 1908, on motion of Herbert A. Lee, it was "voted that the school committee be authorized to sell the Grammar schoolhouse by public auction, and that the proceeds, less the cost of sale, be appropriated to pay school expenses." This building was originally located in the East School district, and there used for school purposes, but because of plans subsequently adopted by the School Board, its use was not longer required there, and it was SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLHOUSES 61 moved to the Center School lot, and used there for school purposes, until the erection of the new graded school building. The building was sold for one hundred and twenty-five dollars to Fred C. Cook and moved away. The lot on which it originally stood in the East School district was sold in 1908 to W. C. Duren for twelve dol- lars. At the annual town meeting, held Monday, March 19, 1900, it was voted to sell the schoolhouse in the West School district and D. W. Robbins, James E. Taylor and E. J. Carr were chosen as a committee for the purpose. It was finally sold to Frank E. Wilkins for $27.50. At the annual town meeting held on Monday, March 6, 1916, it was "voted that a committee to consist of the incoming board of selectmen be authorized to sell the North schoolhouse, with full discretionary powers as to the manner of sale." This building was not sold, however, but with this exception this seems to mark the final dis- position of all the school buildings that composed the district school system, and the town pupils are now receiving the superior advantages of a graded school at the center of the town. Chapter VIII CENTENNIAL The town of Carlisle passed its centennial on Satur- day, February 18, 1905. Just one hundred years before, Gov. Caleb Strong signed the act of the Massachusetts Legislature incorporating the district of Carlisle into a town by the name of Carlisle. There was no formal anniversary celebration in honor of this occasion, but some of the Boston and Lowell newspapers published his- torical articles about the town, as w^ell as pictures of some of its public buildings and prominent features, including the Unitarian Church, the Gleason Library and the Soldiers' Monument. We wonder just how Carlisle appeared at the time it was made a town. We know all the public buildings of a hundred years later and the beautiful Soldiers' Monu- ment were not there; even the old hearse house, which also served as a shelter for the arms and ammunition of the military company, as well as for the sixty-five-dollar hearse, was not built until five years later. If there was a schoolhouse in the Center district it was very insignificant and would hardly be recognized as such in comparison with the modern building now crown- ing "Schoolhouse Hill." The records, however, reveal the fact that there was a meeting-house, owned and supported by the town, where the citizens of the town were supposed to attend religious services twice on every Sabbath day; also there was a "noon house" near by, where tradition informs us 62 CENTENNIAL 63 the owners provided a liberal supply of wood, cider and apples, causing it to be heated on Sabbath days in cold weather, and whither they, with their friends, repaired to have refreshments and spend the time intervening between the morning and afternoon service. There were probably two or three stores where crackers and cheese, codfish, loaf sugar and a few groceries were sold, but more particularly West India rum and molasses. In those times a town was not considered to be properly furnished without a complement of taverns, where the farmers from the back country going to Salem or Boston with their ox-teams loaded with grain, pork, beef, poultry, wood or lumber, could stop for refreshments and feed. The author has been informed by some of the older inhabi- tants that there was a time when there were five taverns within the limits of the town. As regards dwellings, there may have been more in number when the act of incorporation was signed than there were one hundred years later. There are some deserted cellars about the town that indicate a former dwelling, and the census shows the population of the tovrn to have decreased by more than one hundred inhab- itants at the close of its first century. These were also the days when the horses, the cattle and the swine were allowed to roam the highways and parks; they were in reality the lawn mowers and the cultivators for that portion of the town at that period. No telegraph, telephone or electric light poles and wires disfigured the streets and nature was scarcely dis- turbed. Candles and sperm oil lamps were the principal luminants for the nights indoors. The women could don a prim calico or gingham gown and enjoy making an afternoon call. The men, if they had acquired the habit of using tobacco, were sure they got the genuine article. The children, if they happened to 64 HISTORY OF CARLISLE play in the streets, were not in danger of being run down by an automobile. And so we might continue such contrasts, but the early Carlisle could not of course compare with the neat, modern Carlisle of today, with its good churches, schools and library, good roads, and system of telephone and electric service which furnish the town with the most modern system of communication, and dwelling and street lighting. Revolutionary Tavern Carlisle has a relic within its borders that perhaps few of its citizens know of historically, and possibly do not appreciate sufficiently. Reference is made to the old Revolutionary Tavern, located on what is now known as Stearns Street, but which was originally the main road to Concord Bridge, the only bridge over the Concord River at that date. This building existed when Carlisle was formed a district, in 1780, and when the Revolu- tionary War was in progress its owner, Nathan Green, used it for tavern purposes. Among his guests were English officers and soldiers, paroled prisoners. They had a good supply of English gold, which they enjoyed displaying, much to the amuse- ment of the citizens, who at that time were dealing with Continental bills of credit, which were very much depre- ciated in value. These "red coats" spent much of their time gambling, while sitting on the lawn benches about the tavern, and thus exchanged their gold. The building in size is thirty-three by sixteen feet, two stories high, faces the south, has a lean-to on the north, and an ell on the west. The architecture, arrange- ment and fittings are those of the Revolutionary period. There are large beams overhead in the rooms, old-fash- ioned thumb-latches on the doors, wide partition boards FLAG-STAFFS AND FLAGS 65 between the rooms, a large brick chimney in the center of the house, with large fireplaces in the rooms; the lean-to also gives the premises an air of early design. The view from the east chamber windows is one of great fascination, embracing a vast extent of valley, to the Billerica hills beyond, and may well be considered worthy a deal of effort to witness. A large, symmetrical and stately elm is a dooryard decoration for this historic building, which has been sadly neglected, and will soon deteriorate very fast. The Revolutionary Tavern is probably one of the oldest build- ings in this vicinity, and as a worthy relic of early days, it should be preserved. . This information concerning the tavern was given the author in 1918 by Mr. Charles Forbush, in his seventy-eighth year. He received it when a boy from Mr. iVsa Green, son of Nathan Green, who was the tavern keeper and owner of the premises during the Revolutionary period. Flag-Staffs and Flags Carlisle has had two flag-staffs previous to 1920, both having been erected in the same location, near the center of the Common. The tree for the main staff for each was given by the late William Green, who was a resident of the town. Money for defraying the expense of erecting the first staff was obtained by subscription, solicited by Mr. Nathaniel Hutchinson, in the year 1861, who procured in all the sum of $137.50, one hundred dol- lars of which was used to erect the staff and purchase a top-mast, and the remainder to purchase a flag. At the raising of this flag, after the erection of the first staff, public exercises were held on the Common, A. R. Brown, Esq., of Lowell, being the principal speaker. On March 21, 1887, the town voted "to raise and 66 HISTORY OF CARLISLE appropriate the sum of one hundred dollars to erect a flag-staff in connection with the offer of Mr. William Green," and the selectmen were chosen as a committee to carry out the provisions of the vote. Of the above appropriation the sum of $96.85 was expended during said year for labor, top-mast and incidentals. In the year 1907 the town appropriated one hundred dollars for a new top-mast and flag. Of this amount eighty-seven dollars was expended, twenty dollars of which was the cost of the flag. Town Seal At a town meeting held Tuesday, November 2, 1897, the following action was taken: "Art III. To see if the town will vote to procure a seal for the town.^*" It was "voted to purchase a corporate seal" and the fol- lowing committee were appointed by the chair to pur- chase the same: George R. Duren, Charles Forbush and Warren B. Chamberlin. The imprint of the town seal is as follows: "Town of Carlisle, Massachusetts. Incor- porated a district April 19, 1754, a town February 18, 1805." This is the first seal the town ever had. Home of Rev. and Mrs. Benson P. Wilkins The "old Hodgman house" situated nearly one mile from the village, off the Westford road, is one of the oldest structures in Carlisle, having been built by John Jacobs in 1783. The house was originally much smaller than it is now. The first building included the eastern portion as far as the east wall of the present front hall; the date when the western portion was added is unde- termined. The Revolutionary style is apparent both in line and decoration, especially so in the dining room which contains boxed beams and a perfect specimen of a M HOME OF REV. AND MRS. BENSON P. WILKINS 67 circular corner cupboard with fluted pilasters and colonial moldings. Three large fireplaces and a brick oven still remain in excellent condition. John Jacobs brought his bride (Mabel Litchfield) to this new house after their marriage in Scituate, Decem- ber 15, 1783, and here they remained nearly sixty years, during which time Mr. Jacobs served the town as clerk for six years and selectman for seven years. He became a deacon of the Congregational Church and the custody of the church property was handed over to him in 18*27. Ten children were born in this home and the son, John Jr., remained here after the death of his father (June 27, 1841). He also served the town as clerk six years, and was representative in 1851 and member of the constitutional convention in 1853. He was a mason by trade and the wall front of Green Cemetery is a monument to his skill. He died October 11, 1876. After his death, Abel G. Hodgman, a farmer, became the owner of this property. While he and his wife occu- pied the house, the older portion of it was remodelled by removing two of the original five fireplaces, substi- tuting a smaller chimney for the use of stoves. New four-pane windows replaced the windows containing fifteen small panes in a few of the rooms. Mr. Hodgman did some farming, and also did blacksmithing and car- riage repairing in a building now entirely gone, which stood west of the house, and very near. It was used as a cider mill by Mr. Jacobs. After Mr. and Mrs. Hodgman both died, Capt. H. W. Wilson bought the place in order to secure the wood lots. Wood choppers occupied the house at inter- vals, but gradually the old house took on a forlorn and neglected appearance. The farm degenerated to a pas- ture over which the cattle roamed. Eventually the house, barn and part of the land was acquired by a Danish 68 HISTORY OF CARLISLE couple, Mr. and Mrs. Viggs I. Lassen of Cambridge, Mass., who were in search of a suitable place for a small chicken farm as well as a healthful spot in which to live. They remained here four years, making very few improve- ments. In the spring of 1916 the place was sold to Rev. and Mrs. Benson Perley Wilkins, of Keene Valley, N. Y. Extensive improvements were made both outside and inside the house and barn and once more "the home lot" became something better than a pasture. None of the Revolutionary architectural lines were removed from the buildings, but arbors and trellises were added, serving to beautify them and also provide a support for an abun- dance of vines and flowers. The interior of the house was entirely renovated, preserving, however, the weathered wood, the boxed beams, wide-boarded floors, colonial cupboards and brick fireplaces. Rev. Mr. Wilkins, whose health improved after com- ing to Carlisle, became the minister of the Carlisle Con- gregational Church in March, 1919, and after fourteen months' service was obliged to resign because of contin- ued ill health. Mr. and Mrs. Wilkins and their daughter Doris still reside in this fine old house on the hill, whose colonial windows have looked out upon a worthy com- munity for one hundred and thirty-seven years. Chapter IX BURYING GROUNDS There appears to have been no provision made for a public burying ground previous to the year 1784, when at a meeting of the inhabitants of the district, held April 5, it was "voted that there be one-half acre of Land Provided for the use of a burying place including the spot of ground that hath been made use of for that purpose already." At the same meeting a committee of three persons were chosen to confer and settle with Mr. Wilkins for said land. A little more than three years later two sums of money were paid out of the treasury for land purchased for a burying place, viz.: to Timothy Wilkins, 3d, the sum of ten shillings, and to Timothy Wilkins, Jr., the sum of sixteen shillings, which was the proportional part due each of the above-named parties who, it would appear, were joint owners of the land now known as the Central Burying Ground, located in the center of the town, and at present seldom used for burial purposes. The markers all stand facing the east, and indicate the period of slate with the exception of two or three marble slabs and one monument. Here rests the body of the first minister who was settled in the district, the Rev. Paul Litchfield; also the remains of many of the first settlers. The inscriptions on many of the stones which commemorate their names bear numerous mili- tary and ecclesiastical titles. That interments were made here previous to its being purchased by the district for burial purposes would 69 70 HISTORY OF CARLISLE seem evident from the inscriptions found on some of the stones, which date back as far as 1778, and doubtless some who still earlier found a resting place here, have no stone erected to their memory. In later years it became apparent that more room would be required for burial purposes, and Rev. Paul Litchfield offered the town a piece of land to be used for the purpose, in consideration of which the town appointed a committee to view the same and report to the town their opinion of its adaptability for said purpose. This committee made their report in town meeting Novem- ber 6, 1826, which was accepted, and the town clerk was instructed in behalf of the town "to return the Rev. Mr. Litchfield their thanks for his kind offer, although their committee could not recommend the land as a suitable place for a burying ground." The question of procuring additional land continued to be agitated from time to time at subsequent town meetings, and several times the advisability of purchasing an addition to what was known as Green Burying Ground had been considered. The Green Burying Ground was a tract of land containing about half an acre, located about half a mile southeast of the center of the town on the main road to Bedford. This land had been set apart and given by Mr. John Green, to be used by the Greens exclusively (who repre- sented a considerable per cent of the population of the town) for the purpose of a burial spot. From time to time, however, permission was given others to make interments there, until nearly all the available space was taken up. The markers here also indicate the era of slate, nearly all being slate slabs erected according to the early custom of facing the rising sun. In the fall of the year 1831 a committee of three persons, consisting of Mr. Silas Green, Mr. Thomas Heald and Deacon John Green, were chosen by the town BURYING GROUNDS '''I to purchase a piece of land for the purpose of enlarging Green Burial Ground. It is probable that they attended to the duties to which the town had delegated them, but it was not until the April meeting in the year 1837 that the town "voted to pay Mr. Leonard Green the sum ot twentv-five dollars for half an acre of land to enlarge Green Burial Ground, and cause the same to be enclosed bv a fence In the year 184-1 the town voted at the May meeting to lay out said burial ground in lots, and chose for a committee to carry out the provisions of said vote the three following-named persons: Capt Thomas Green, Deacon John Green and Capt. Ezekiel Nickles. In the year 1863 the town purchased ot Capt. Thomas Green one acre of land as an addition to the Green Burying Ground, which addition increased its area to two acres. At a town meeting held April % 1866, it was voted to raise and appropriate the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars for the purpose of building a wall in front of the cemetery. Two years later a commit- tee reported having expended for the purpose of build- ing said wall, and for a number of stone bounds, the sum of $116.73, and also for gates erected at the two entrances the sum of eleven dollars. The wall was built bv Mr. John Jacobs. . , i, t In the year 1870 the town appropriated the sum ot one hundred and fifty dollars for the P»>-P°^« ° l'"';: chasing and planting ornamental trees and shrubs m and around Green Cemetery; and at the annua April town feting held the next year a committee of three were chosen to have general charge and supermtendence oi the burial grounds. This committee comprised Messrs. Benjamin Barrett, Prescott Nickles and Selar Si.nons chosen for one. two and three years respectively. They attended to planting the trees and shrubs before referred 72 HISTORY OF CARLISLE to, and may properly be called the first cemetery com- mittee appointed by the town. Since that date the cus- tom of annually appointing a cemetery committee has prevailed. Green Summer House Near the center of Green Cemetery is located a very pretty octagon-shaped summer house of symmetrical proportions and about ten feet high. The roof is tin covered and a piazza surrounds the entire building. Inside are benches built in for seats, and in the center of the building is a table bearing a marble tablet, on which is inscribed the following: "This building erected July 8, 1874, and presented to the town of Carlisle by Miss H. L. C. Green. "So live with men, as if God's curious eye. Did everywhere into thy actions spy; Strive to live well, tread in the upright ways, And rather count thy actions than thy days." At a town meeting held April 5, 1875, the town formally accepted the building, and passed resolutions of gratitude to be extended to the donor, and also agreed to keep the building in good repair and to have it appro- priately dedicated. The following is a copy of the letter embodying the resolutions authorized by the town, which were forwarded to Miss Green: "To Miss Hannah L. C. Green, Dear Madam: I have the pleasure, as an official of the town of Carlisle, of transmitting to you the united expression of gratitude and kindly feeling of the citizens of said town, as embodied in the following preamble and resolutions offered bj^ Major B. F. Heald, in town meet- ing, April 5, 1875, and unanimously accepted. Whereas, it appears by the report of our cemetery committee, just made, that Miss Hannah L. C. Green GREEN SUMMER HOUSE 73 has at her own expense caused to be erected in Green Cemetery an elegant and convenient summer house, and that she now offers it as a free gift for the acceptance of the town, therefore Resolved, that we gratefully accept the magmhcent gift of Miss Green; that we will keep it in good repair and that in all time we will cherish it as a memento of her liberality and public spirit. Resolved, that our cemetery committee at such time as they deem proper, have said house appropriately dedicated, and that they be instructed to engage the services of some suitable person to deliver an address upon the occasion. Resolved, that a copy of the foregoing preamble and resolutions, signed by the town clerk, be transmitted to Miss Green. In conformity to this last resolve, this paper is attested and respectfully submitted. Austin Marsh, Town Clerk. Carlisle, April 24, 1875." The dedication took place in the summer ot the latter-named year; an assembly of the townspeople were present, also the donor, Miss H. L. C. Green. The dedicatory address was delivered by Rev. James i. Powers, from the piazza of the building, and a mixed quartette rendered appropriate vocal selections. March 18, 1878, the town voted to establish a public watering place at Green Cemetery roadside, for which purpose a well was dug about midway of the cemetery, and outside the enclosure, and a pump and trough were installed. During the year 1880 a concrete walk was laid at the west entrance to Green Cemetery at an expense of $52.ose of Singing Shall have the two hind Seats below." These seats were probably occupied by the singers until the year 1798, when in response to a similar article in the warrant for the April meeting it was "Voted that the Singers have the fore seat and the Second Seat in the front galerv." Considerable money had been appropriated by the RELIGIOITS MATTERS 153 town at one time and another to repair the original meeting-house up to the year 1810. A gallery had been built which contained nineteen pews that were sold for the sum of 858.1-2. The building had been clapboarded and painted, windows and window casings, as well as doors and door casings, had been repaired or replaced by new ones. Stone underpinning had been pro\'ided, which was brought from the town of Acton. A pulpit had been erected, porches at the east and west ends of the edifice had been built, and the ad\-isabihty of erecting a belfry and procuring and suspending a bell, was a question which had for some time agitated the minds of the worshipers. It was on the twenty-sixth day of May in the year last mentioned that this original meeting-house was struck by hghtm'ng and entirely consumed. Xine days later, on the fourth day of June, ISIO. at three o'clock in the afternoon, the inhabitants of the town qualified by law to vote in town affairs were warned to meet on the Common, near where the meeting-house formerly stood. The warrant for the meeting contained five articles, the first of which was **To see if the town will agree to build a meeting-house in Cariisle and decide upon the spot where it shall be erected." All the other articles had reference to the same subject. It is creditable to the moral and religious sentiment of the town that they did. at this meeting without pro- crastination, vote to rebuild the meeting-house, the building that in those early days accommodated all ci\-il and rehgious meetings. It was voted to erect it on the Common belonging to the town, near where the former meeting-house stood; and to make it a building about the size of the old one, but of modern design. Several committees were appointed and the meeting Tvas adjourned for three weeks, to meet at the same time 154 HISTORY OF CARLISLE and place. At the adjourned meeting Capt. Nathan Haywood, who had been chosen at the former meeting to procure a plan for the proposed new building, pre- sented one for the consideration of the town, for a building to be constructed of wood, which plan was accepted. Next it was voted that the building be finished in the Tuscan order, and that its erection be completed within one year from the first of the following November. A building committee of three were chosen by ballot, con- sisting of the following named persons: Asa Parlin, Esq., Nathan Green, Jr., and Mr. Thomas Heald. This committee were authorized by the town to let out the contract for building the meeting-house to those who would undertake it at the lowest figure, and give good security that they would complete the undertaking according to agreement. Said committee contracted with Mr. Elijah Stearns to prepare and set the under- pinning and doorsteps for the sum of $!235, and with Messrs. Joseph Wyman and John Sawyer, Jr., to erect the building for the sum of $4230. Several alterations from the original plan were subsequently made which added somewhat to the cost, which, together with various incidental charges including the charges for time spent by the committee, money paid for painting and number- ing the pews, trimming the pulpit and pulpit window, and a bill for liquor of $38.28, made the total cost of the edifice, as appears from the building committee's report, the amount of $4866.81. The town voted at the adjourned meeting held on the Common June 25, to raise the sum of two thousand dollars by taxation, to be applied toward the expense of building a new meeting-house; and subsequently voted to sell by public auction the pews which it was proposed to build, which were to be exhibited by a plan. The building committee were authorized by the town to give RELIGIOUS MATTERS 155 deeds of the same, and the cash realized from the sale was to be appropriated toward paying for the new build- ing. There were forty-four pews on the lower floor, forty-three of which were sold. Following is a list of the original owners, and prices paid, copied from the town records: "An account of the sale of the pews in the meeting- house which the town of Carlisle have agreed to build which pews being exhibited by a plan were sold at public vendue on the 12th and 19th of November, 1810 as follows, viz." No. 1. Phineas Blood $105.00 No. 2. Thomas Heald 80.00 No. 3. Nathaniel Parker 80.00 No. 4. Nathan Green 68.25 No. 5. Zebulon Spaulding, Jr 60.25 No. 6. Benjamin Foster 50.25 No. 7. Abel Taylor 38.75 No. 8. Nathaniel Hutchinson and Nathaniel Hutchinson, Jr 107.50 No. 9. Samuel Green . 80.25 No. 10. Samuel Brown 82.50 No. 11. Lieut. Zebulon Spaulding 69.75 No. 12. Capt. John Heald, Jr 60.25 No. 13. Ezekiel Proctor 50.00 No. 14. Silas and Asa Hartwell 39.00 No. 15. Jonathan Heald, Esq 55.00 No. 16. Samuel Boynton 47.00 No. 17. Daniel Blood 49.25 No. 18. Asa Parhn, Esq 44.50 No. 19. Wilham Spaulding 40.25 No. 20. Tilly Green 35.00 No. 21. Fredrick Blood 34.50 No. 22. Deacon Ephraim Robbins 51.50 No. 23. Timothy Wilkins 46.25 156 HISTORY OF CARLISLE No. 24. Abijah Hodgman $42.50 No. 25. John Green 43.75 No. 26. Thomas Heald 40.00 No. 27. Joseph Heald 35.25 No. 28. Benjamin Barrett 32.00 No. 29. Solomon Andrews 41.00 No. 30. Lieut. Jonas Parker 57.50 No. 31. Jonathan Heald, Jr 37.25 No. 32. Reserved No. 33. Isaac Blanchard 65.00 No. 34. John Jacobs 37.75 No. 35. John Hodgman 50.50 No. 36. Lieut. Daniel Wheat 60.25 No. 37. Thomas Hodgman 45.25 No. 38. John Wilkins 42.00 No. 39. James Russel 40.25 No. 40. Lieut. Zebulon Spaulding 56.00 No. 41. Capt. Timothy Heald 68.00 No. 42. Deacon John Robbins 46.50 No. 43. Leonard Green 46.00 No. 44. Fredrick Blood 40.00 Total $2,301.75 At the same time sixteen pews were sold in the gallery for the sum of $444.75 One pew back of the door on the left-hand side of the gallery was by vote of the town appropriated for the use of people of color. There was a total amount of $2746.50 received from the sale of pews, to be applied toward the building fund. The sum of fifty dollars was also raised for the purpose of decorating the pulpit, which, added to the previous amounts, would leave a deficiency to be provided for of less than seventy-five dollars. In connection with the previously mentioned vote RELIGIOUS MATTERS 157 of the town to raise two thousand dollars to be appro- priated toward the cost of rebuilding the meeting-house, it was also voted that the assessors make a separate tax for said amount, and that all denominations be assessed for said purpose. It appears that there were quite a number of persons of the Baptist persuasion who wor- shiped in Chelmsford and Billerica, or elsewhere, living within the town, and that it had been customary for the town to abate what was known as their minister rate from year to year, which they were supposed to pay in the town where they worshiped. They considered it to be unreasonable to levy a tax on them for the purpose of helping to build a meeting-house in which they would seldom if ever worship, and which tax, added to the sum they were in the habit of paying at their usual place of worship, would prove burdensome indeed. They finally made these grievances known to the town, and asked for redress. The town, in consideration of the situation, appointed a committee of three persons to confer with the Baptist voters, and if possible to bring about some amicable settlement of the affair. The proposition made by a part of the Baptists was "that in consideration of the meeting-house being used for civil purposes also, they proposed to pay one-half of the sum they were assessed for in the meeting-house tax." This proposition was favorably entertained by the town's committee, who, acting in behalf of the town, granted these terms, not only to those who proposed them, bait to all Baptists who lived within the limits of the town and worshiped in other towns. In consideration of the great loss sustained by the town in the unfortunate occurrence of their meeting- house being struck by lightning and entirely consumed, and because of the burdensome tax upon the inhabitants to provide the necessary funds to erect another, the 158 HISTORY OF CARLISLE state tax, amounting to $154.66 for the year 1810, was, by an act of the General Court, remitted to the town. During the time the new meeting-house was in process of erection rehgious services were held at the private residences of several inhabitants of the town. Messrs. John Green and James Kemp supplying the need part of the time. The latter in one or more instances furnished a room in which to hold town meetings, which were also during the interval, held in Daniel Wheat's hall, Isaac Blaisdell's wheelwright shop, and four times on the Common. A little idea of the external appearance of the new meeting-house, as it appeared when completed and turned over to the town by the building committee, may be formed when we consider that it was the same building which is at the present time (1920) known as the Uni- tarian Church, but at that time having no bell, and with a spire much less elaborate than the present one. If the vote of the town as recorded was carried into effect, the building was originally painted as follows: The body a light straw color, with white trimmings; the roof painted chocolate color, and the doors imitation mahogany. At an adjourned town-meeting, held according to adjournment, on the Common, November 18, 1811, about the time of the completion of the new building, it was voted, "that the Meeting-house be dedicated to Almighty God, on the second Sabbath of December following, and also that the town give those persons who may go and work at the meeting-house, to clear away the chips and trash around the same what drink they may need." The religious services at the dedication were conducted by the pastor. Rev. Paul Litchfield. The annual town- meeting called for Monday, March 2, 1812, was the first one held in the new building after its erection, and on the following month the town voted to raise the sum of KELIGIOUS MATTERS 159 three hundred and fifty dollars to procure a bell for the meeting-house, choosing Messrs. Thomas Heald and Frederick Blood as a committee to purchase said bell. After the bell was purchased and placed in position, it was customary to vendue the ringing of the same annually. Beside ringing the bell on Sabbath days for the religious services, the requirements usually were that it should be rung at noon each week day. For several years, however, a departure from this rule was observed, inasmuch as the contract required that it should be rung for the first six months, reckoning from April 1, on each weekday at noon, and that it be rung for the remainder of the year at nine o'clock in the evening. In the year 1826 this undertaking was bid off by Capt. Aaron Fletcher for the sum of $14.50, which was about an average of prices paid in former years. The duties, beside ringing the bell ten minutes each time, included sweeping and dusting the church when necessary, and also clearing away the snow in the winter time. Mr. Isaac Duren probably undertook this service more times than any other person, and often at a very low figure; for instance, in the year 1823 he took the contract for the sum of $3.75, and the following year for $3, which would appear to be almost equal to giving his services in this direction. A consideration included in this contract, however, was that the person undertaking it should dig all the graves, and go with the hearse if requested, for which service the sum of two dollars was allowed which was an item taken into consideration when bidding for ringing the bell. In the year 1815 the town voted "to purchase a Bass Viol to be kept in the meeting-house for the purpose of aiding the singing." At the annual April meeting in the year 1824 a vote was passed authorizing and appointing the selectmen a 160 HISTORY OF CARLISLE committee to take down the curtains around the pulpit window, which had probably hung there since the erec- tion of the building and were doubtless faded by the sunlight of the thirteen intervening years, so they prob- ably had ceased to be ornamental. On the following month, at a special town meeting, it was "voted to give the inhabitants of the town liberty to erect horse stables on the Common, between Lieut. Zebulon Spaulding's Noon House, and the road south of the meeting-house." A committee of three persons were chosen at the same meeting, to look after the interests of the town, as well as the privileges of the individuals who might desire to avail themselves of the opportunity granted. This committee presented bills to the town for services performed, but whether sheds were erected to shelter teams used to convey Sabbath worshipers is uncertain. At the annual April meeting in the year 1825 it was voted to paint the meeting-house and money was voted for said purpose; also a committee of three, Mr. John Jacobs, John Nelson, Esq., and Mr. Paul Forbush, were chosen to carry the vote into effect. A meeting of the voting members of the First Parish in Carlisle was called for Thursday, December 6, 1832, to assemble in the meeting-house. The warrant con- tained four articles, the latter reading as follows: "To see if said parish will take any method to purchase a stove for the meeting-house, or act as they may think proper." It was "Voted to choose a committee of three to purchase a stove and put it into the meeting-house. Chose Capt. Thomas Green, John Nelson and James W. Wilkins, said committee." At a meeting of the members of the First Parish in Carhsle, held in the meeting-house on Monday, March 4, 1833, it was "Voted that 523^ dollars be taken from the J RELIGIOUS MATTERS 161 ministerial fund to pay for the stove and putting up the same." These proceedings probably refer to the first means of heating ever installed in the Carlisle meeting-house, also to the names of the committee, and the expense incurred. At an adjourned meeting of the members of the First Religious Society, held in the meeting-house, Tuesday, March 8, 1842, it was "voted that the meeting- house be opened for no other purpose than religious worship and on no occasion for Anti-slavery discussion, except by vote of the society." At the annual meeting of the First Religious Society held in the meeting house, Saturday, April 22, 1848, it was "voted to repair and paint the meeting-house on the outside, and to levy a tax of two hundred and fifty dollars on the pews to defray the expense. Capt. Thomas Green, William Green, 2d., J. W. Wilkins, Artemas Parker and Jefferson Nickles were chosen a committee to superintend the repairs, " which, according to their final report cost the society $264.62. In January, 1852, an association of ladies, known as the "Ladies Union," projected a subscription to raise funds to alter and repair the meeting-house, and headed the same with the sum of one hundred dollars. "In consideration of this effort, the members of the parish were notified to assemble in parish meeting Feb. 7, 1852, to act on the subject. On motion of Stephen Taylor, voted that it is expedient to repair the outside of the meeting house and so to alter the inside as to fit the upper room for public worship, and the lower room for a public hall." A committee was chosen to estimate the cost and submit plans for the proposed alterations. Their report was rendered at a meeting of the members of the parish assembled at the meeting-house on March 2, 162 HISTORY OF CARLISLE 1852. The cost was estimated at $1060, the report was accepted, and it was "voted that Thomas Green, Cyrus Heald and Benjamin Barrett be a committee to receive proposals for repairing and altering the meeting-house, and that they submit the same to the parish at its next regular meeting," which meeting was called for May 10, 1852, and adjourned to May 17 following, at which meeting Mr. Benjamin Barrett from the committee reported "that they had received sealed proposals from several individuals, but that they did not deem it for the interest of the parish that their contents should be made public, further than to state generally that the amount stated therein would not much exceed the sum already subscribed to meet the expense of said alterations and repairs." It was "Voted to accept the foregoing report, and to authorize the committee to contract with some person to make said alterations and repairs according to the plan submitted at the parish meeting on the second day of March last, and that they have the general manage- ment and superintendence of the matter till it is com- pleted." A parish meeting was called for October 11, 1852, to be held at the meeting-house. The warrant contained six articles to be acted upon. The first was "to hear and act upon the final report of the committee chosen to superintend the alterations and repairs of the meeting- house." At this meeting very little business was trans- acted, and it was "voted to adjourn to Saturday evening next, at six o'clock." At the adjourned meeting it was "voted to transfer the meeting to the home of Artemas Parker." Capt. Thomas Green from the committee for repairs, reported "that the committee had caused the meeting-house to be altered and repaired according to the plan and specifications submitted to and accepted RELIGIOUS MATTERS 163 by the Parish, at their parish meeting held on the second day of March last, that in accomplishing the object they had paid to several parties bills amounting to $1013.74 and that they had received from the Ladies Union sub- scriptions $975.00, and for old lumber sold $0.00, a total of $981.00, leaving a balance due the committee of $32.74. Voted to accept the report and discharge the committee from further service." This meeting was adjourned to Monday, October 25, at the meeting-house, at which meeting, on motion of Capt. Levi S. Hutchinson, relative to the above uncollected balance, it was "voted that the amount be raised by a contribution on the spot." Thirty-three dollars was immediately contributed and the balance paid. At a parish meeting held in the meeting-house, January 29, 1853, a committee previously appointed to consider the advisability of fitting up the lower part of the meeting-house, "reported that they deemed it expe- dient that said room should be made into a hall and con- venient anterooms, and that the expense of doing it would, according to their estimate, be $157.50, exclusive of stoves and furniture." Accordingly it was voted that the work be done, and also "voted that J. W. Wilkins, Benjamin Barrett and Thomas Heald be a committee to carry the foregoing vote into effect." At a parish meeting held in Union Hall, which was the name given to the newly constructed room, on October 22, 1853, the report of the parish clerk gave the expense incurred for the above purpose as follows: Repairing hall, $151.89; stove and fixtures, $53.73; total, $205.62. A meeting of the members of the First Religious Society in Carlisle was held in Union Hall, Saturday evening, February 15, 1857. The fourth article in the warrant warning the meeting read as follows: "To see 164 HISTORY OF CARLISLE if the Parish will procure a bell." Action was taken as follows: "Voted that Thomas Green, Levi S. Hutchinson, James W. Wilkins, Benjamin Barrett and B. F. Heald be a committee to procure a new bell. That said com- mittee be authorized to take such measures to raise money for that purpose as they may think proper." A warrant warning the members of the Parish to meet at Union Hall, April 15, 1858, contained but two articles: Article II was "to hear and act on the report of the committee chosen to procure a bell." B. F. Heald, from the committee appointed to raise funds and pur- chase a bell, reported that "said committee had raised by subscription among members of the society, for the purpose of paying for a bell, the sum of $231.50, and that they sold the old bell for $191.52, making a sum total of $423.02." He further reported that "said com- mittee on the eighth day of February last, purchased of Henry N. Hooper & Co. of Boston, a bell weighing 1090 lbs. for $327.00 for yoke, frame, wheel and standard $38,00, that they paid James W. Wilkins for teaming old bell to Boston, repairing belfry and hanging bell $16.50, and to Levi S. Hutchinson for carrying committee to Boston $3.00; making a total expenditure of $384.50, leaving a balance in the hands of the committee of $38.52." This amount was appropriated, and the report accepted, and ordered to be recorded. Certain minor repairs were made on the exterior of the meeting-house in the year 1867. At the annual meeting held February 29, 1868, a committee previously appointed to repair the inside of the meeting-house, "reported through Rev. J. S. Smith, their chairman, that they had painted, papered and otherwise repaired the inside of the meeting-house at an expense of $388.58, including $61.00 paid for stoves, and $23.89 for lamps." UNITARIAN M K KTING-HOL SE RELIGIOUS MATTERS 165 At an adjourned meeting of the Society, held Satur- day, March 7, 1868, under Article VIII in the warrant it was "voted that Benjamin Barrett, Rev. J. S. Smith and Gilman Nickles be a committee to ascertain the con- dition of the spire of the church and report at the next parish meeting what repairs are necessary," At the annual parish meeting held February 27, 1869, the work appears to have been completed, as a spire debt of seven hundred dollars was reported. Thus the original spire, which had stood for fifty-seven years, yielded to its successor. At a meeting of the members of the Society held FebruJary 21, 1881, it was "voted that the parish com- mittee be, and they are hereby instructed to cause to be erected on the society's land, on the south side of the church, and parallel therewith, and at such distance from it as they may determine, a row of horse sheds, to contain eight distinct sheds." The sheds thus indicated were erected and paid for by money raised at a social levee held on the preceding January, and by personal subscrip- tions. At an adjourned parish meeting held on March 3, 1900, plans were presented for excavating under the meeting-house for the purpose of installing a dining-hall, kitchen, two cloak rooms and two toilet rooms, at a cost not to exceed seven hundred dollars. Messrs. J. S. Anthony, E. B. Rose and D. W. Robbins were chosen as a committee to attend to the duties involved, which they did, and which resulted in additions and accommo- dations much needed and largely appreciated. Also on December 17, of the same year bj^ vote of the parish a furnace was installed in the basement for heating the hall and church. The second meeting-house erected in Carlisle was completed and "dedicated to Almighty God on the second 166 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Sabbath of December, 1811." The religious services at the dedication were conducted by the first pastor of the town, Rev. Paul Litchfield. After one hundred years that had been more or less eventful, the centennial anniversary was observed with appropriate services in the building on December 20, 1911, attended by a large gathering of townspeople and others, with the following program: Morning Service Voluntary, from "Rebecca," Organist, Fred E. Robbins. Prayer, Pastor Congregational Church, Rev. Philip A. Job. Hymn, "Come Thou Almighty King." Scripture Reading, Rev. Louis B. McDonald, Concord. Prayer, Rev. E. C. Abbott of Boston. Solo, " The Homeward Way, ' ' Miss Marion Bickf ord. Historical Address, Pastor, Rev. Granville Pierce. Address, Rev. E. C. Abbott. Hymn. At the close of the morning exercises a bountiful dinner was served in the vestry by the ladies of the church. Afternoon Service Organ Prelude, "Pilgrims' Chorus" Mr. Robbins. Solo, Gounod's "Repentance" Miss Bickford, Address, Rev. Lewis Wilson, Secretary of the A. U. A. Addresses by neighboring pastors. Solo. Hymn. Benediction by the pastor. The auditorium was tastefully decorated with flags, evergreen and carnations, presenting a most inviting appearance. The original communion service was on exhibition. The committee in charge of the anniversary observance were George E. Wilkins, chairman, Miss Edna F. Currier, Miss Lillian Ricker, Mrs. Ernest Wilson, RELIGIOUS MATTERS 167 Mrs. Lucy M. Blaisdell, Capt. H. W. Wilson, Charles Forbush and James H. Wilkins. Two Old Documents Two manuscripts one hundred and ten years old, grown yellow with age but on the whole fairly well pre- served, have recently come to light, and reve&/l valuable information about the birth of the First Parish meeting- house now (1920) standing in Carlisle. The first of these papers, entitled, "Obligation for building a Meeting- house," is a very inclusive contract for the erection of the above-named building, and cannot be given in full as it has been mutilated by the removal of the names of the contracting, parties; consequently only a synopsis embodying the important features are given. "Obligation for Building a Meeting House Dated Oct. 2, 1810, by and between Joseph Wyman and John Sawyer, Houserights, bpth of Templeton, Worcester Co. Mass. on one part, and Asa Parlin, Nathan Green, Jun. and Thomas Heald, all of Carhsle, Middlesex Co. Mass. a committee for and in behalf of said town of Carlisle on the other part, witnesseth that the said Joseph Wyman and John Sawyer for the consideration of $4230. do covenant with the said committee aforesaid to find materials and build a Meeting-house in said Carlisle, and finish the same including painting, agreeably to the plan exhibited, and which was made out by Capt. Nathan Haywood." Here follows a very minute and complete detail of specifications and conditions of payment, also the require- ment that the work be completed by November 1, 1811. The signatures of the contracting parties were witnessed by Daniel Wheat and Ezekiel Nickles. The second paper, entitled "Account of the Expense of Building the Meeting-House, &c.," is given verbatim. 168 HISTORY OF CARLISLE "Expense of building a Meetinghouse in Carlisle. The Underpinning & Door steps $235.08 Contract for the House 4230.00 Extra work in the pulpit and brestwork 25.00 Two pilasters and diminishing some other work 6.00 Re-building the gallery stairs 10.00 Altering the pulpit window .50 Putting on some reed work under the upper cornice inside 3.50 Repairing the projection floor 2.00 Putting on window springs .72 Repairing the gallery windows 1.50 An oval board to put a date on 2.50 To building two pews in the corners of the gallery instead of seats 2.00 To altering the alley in the front gallery .50 To putting some boards under the doors on the upper door step 0.66 Interest on the third payment 11.12 To whitewashing the plastering 7.00 To John Page for coming to examine some of the work .75 William Washburn's account for liquor at the vendue of the pews and which the com- mittee had at sundry times 13.81 Expense of work done at the Meetinghouse spot wharfing up & preparing for the under- pinning &c 71.58 Capt. Ezekiel Nickles account for liquor at the vendue of the pews, and for those who worked at the Meetinghouse spot & com- mittee 24.47 J. C. Wilkins account for painting & numbering the pews 33.33 and putting a date on the house &c 3.50 RELIGIOUS MATTERS 169 To cash paid for window springs $6.33 To interest on the last payment to Wynian & Sawyer 4.31 To blanks for pew deeds 2.00 To Aaron Fletcher for some work done .25 For the scrapers at the doors and setting them 2.63 To some plank and screws -18 To the use of a scow at the Meetinghouse spot -^^ To locks and some other irons to fasten the inside doors 1-85 Interest supposed due to Nathan Green Jun. 10.00 For sundry articles for the trimming of the pulpit window as may appear by the bill . 66.96 To Zadoc Wilkins for a journey to Boston with horse and chaise to purchase said articles • • ^-^^ To the wife of James Wilkins for making said trmimmg • ^"'^ To Paul Forbush for work done about the pulpit and pulpit window in order to receive the • 1 34< trimmmg ^ •"-'"* To some cotton and other articles found about the trimming l-^"* To Paul Forbush for seating the projection building, a desk, levelling up the floor, &c. l-t.50 To Asa Parlin for his account as one of the com- mittee -5-5^ To Nathan Green Jun. for his account as one of the committee 17. "^J To Thomas Heald for his account as one of the committee -v.^ • Total «-*860.81 170 HISTORY OF CARLISLE The following sums of money have been appropriated by the town to pay the foregoing expense, viz. : Raised by a tax $2000.00 The amount of what the pews were sold for. . . 2759.75 Raised for the trimming of the pulpit &c 50.00 Total $4809.75 Deficiency $57.06" First Religious Society The church of the First Religious Society was organ- ized February 28, 1781, and then consisted of ten male and twenty female members. Following is the original covenant and the names attached to it, copied from the early church records. "We the subscribers, apprehending ourselves called of God to form ourselves into a chh. state, in order to our enjoying his word and ordinances, do for that purpose, tho we own ourselves unworthy to be so highly favored and privileged of heaven, yet humbly depending upon the unmerited grace of God to assist and help us, enter into the following covenant with God and one another. 1. Proffessing our faith in the sacred scriptures, as given by inspiration of God, we engage in dependence upon the gracious influence and assistance of the glorious head of the chh. to make them the rule and standard of our faith and practice: and for the preservation and promotion of peace and good order among us, we will adopt and submit to that mode of discipline, which is observed by the regular churches of New England, of the congregational persuasion, so far as the same shall appear to us consistent with the holy rules of the gospel. 2. We recognize the covenant of grace, in which we acknowledge ourselves professedly devoted to the fear RELIGIOUS MATTERS 171 and service of the great and glorious God, and to the Lord Jesus Christ, the high priest, prophet and king of his chh., unto whose conduct we submit ourselves, thro' whom alone we hope for grace and glory: and to whom we bind ourselves in an everlasting covenant never to be broken. 3. We give ourselves up one to another in the Lord, resolving by his help to treat each the other as fellow members of the same body; to walk in brotherly love together, and to watch over one another for mutual edification; to subject ourselves to all the holy adminis- trations appointed by him who is the head of the chh. and to give our constant attendance upon all the public ordinances of Christ's institution, walking orderly as becometh saints. 4. We acknoledge our posterity to be included with us in the gospel covenant, and look upon ourselves as obliged to devote our infant offspring to God in baptism, and thanksgivings to God for his goodness, in including our children with us in the same covenant. We promise with the greatest care and diligence to bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord. 5. We do furthermore promise to be careful to our utmost to keep up all the ordinances of God among us ; and to admit to our communion all such as dwell among us if in a judgment of charity we can be satisfied they are qualified therefor; and also to walk in all regular and due communion with other churches of our Lord Jesus Christ. And now since we have thus bound ourselves to God and one another, may the good Lord pity us, pardon our frailties, and humble us out of all confidence in ourselves: may the grace of Christ, which is sufficient for us, be afforded unto us: and may he, who is the great shepherd and bishop of souls, lead us into the paths of truth and righteousness for his name sake, and at the last, receive us all to his heavenly kingdom. Amen. 172 HISTORY OF CARLISLE We the subscribers assent to the above covenant, and do, in testimony thereof, hereunto set our hands this 28 day of February 1781." Nathaniel Taylor & Elisabeth his wife Joseph Munroe John Green & Martha his wife Phinehas Blood & Sarah his wife Joshua Munroe & Ruth his wife Elisabeth Chase Agness Foster Mercy Munroe Abigail Parlin Rebecka Heald Jonathan Spaulding Thomas Spaulding & Mary his wife Job Spaulding & Lydia his wife John Robbins & Sarah his wife Mary Robbins Martha Barrett Sybil Robbins Sarah Parlin Susanna Heald Sarah Wheeler Sarah Parlin David Dickinson & Persis his wife "Feb, 28, 1781. The before named persons being incorporated into a chh. -state, the brethren RELIGIOUS MATTERS 173 1. Made choice of Thomas Spaulding as moderator of the chh. 2. Made choice of Jonathan Spaulding as Scribe. 3. Made choice of John Robbins, Timothy Wilkins and Joseph Munroe J", to set or tune the Psahns in times of pubHc worship; and of Capt. Sam'. Heald and Phinehas Blood to read the psalm or hymns at such times. Then adjourned." On May 17, 1781, the church voted unanimously to invite Mr. Paul Litchfield to become their first pastor, and at a meeting held May 25, the inhabitants of the district, by a vote of forty-three to three, agreed to concur with the vote of the church, and also voted to give Mr. Litch- field the sum of one hundred and fifty pounds as a settle- ment, one-half of which sum it was voted to pay him within one year from the date of his acceptance of the call, and the balance in two years. It was also voted to give him as a salary the sum of eighty pounds yearly, to be paid in quarterly instalments, "so long as he shall supply the pulpit in said Carlisle and remain their Gospel minister," both of said amounts to be paid in silver money. At a subsequent meeting it was voted to give Mr. Litchfield twenty cords of wood a year, and to keep two cows and a horse for him " until such time as he shall call for the interest of his settlement." The church decided upon November 7 as a date that would be agreeable for them to have the ordination of Mr. Litchfield take place; and at a meeting held October 3, the inhabitants of the district voted to join with the church as to the date they had selected. Mr. Litchfield having accepted the invitation of the church in Carlisle to become their pastor, the members of said church met at the home of Capt. John Green for the purpose of choosing an ecclesiastical council to ordain 174 HISTORY OF CARLISLE the said Mr. Litchfield to the work of the gospel ministry among them, and voted to request the assistance of the following churches by their pastors and delegates: The churches of Christ in Billerica, Bedford, Concord, Acton Westford, Ashby, Second Church in Scituate, Abington, Second Church in Medway, Franklin, North Church in Newburyport, and the church in Salem of which Rev. Daniel Hopkins was pastor. The service of ordination took place on the date mentioned, with the following order of exercises: Introductory prayer, Rev. Matthew Scribner of Westford. Sermon from I Cor. iv: 2, "Moreover it is required in stewards, that a man be found faithful." Rev. Samuel Niles, of Abington. Prayer during the imposition of hands, Rev. Nathaniel Emmons of Franklin. Charge to the pastor, Rev. David Sanford, of Medway. Right hand of fellowship. Rev. Samuel Spring of Newburyport. Concluding prayer, Rev. Samuel Whitman of Ashby. The first communion service, which was originally voted to be observed on December 31, 1781, was twice postponed and was finally observed on the second Sabbath of January, 1782; and by vote of the church was "to be administered statedly the second Sabbath in every other month." By vote of the church, candidates for admission to membership were required to give a written or verbal relation of their religious experiences before the church or congregation. This embarrassing requirement was so modified two years later as to permit it to be made before a committee of the church. At a meeting of the church, November 29, 1781, at RELIGIOUS MATTERS 175 the home of Mr. Isaac Wilkins, "Choice was made of brother John Robbins to make provision for the sacra- ment of the Lord's Supper, and to assist at its admin- istration. Also voted that there be a contribution immediately after the sacrament, that each member contribute 8 pence, and each person set their name to the same. Voted that brother John Robbins be desired to lead in singing on days of public worship, and in case of his absence that either Mr. Timothy Wilkins, Mr. Jonas Spaulding or Mr. Asa Parlin be desired to take the lead." The doctrine contained in the confession of faith and preached by Mr. Litchfield was strictly Calvinistic, yet coinciding in some points with that system of theology known as Hopkinsianism. Mr. Litchfield was the eldest of twelve children, and born of respectable parents in Scituate, Mass., March 12, 1752, His youth was marked by sober and exemplary deportment, and for warm attachment to the friends of evangelical truth. With an intention to qualify himself for the gospel ministry he entered Harvard College, and graduated in 1775. After he left college he studied theology with the Rev. Dr. Stephen West of Stockb ridge, Mass., and was soon licensed to preach the gospel. He supplied several congregations and was invited to settle in the ministry before his engagement in Carlisle. Here he performed his ministerial duties with general satisfaction to his parishioners. In his intercourse with the people he was kind, familiar, charitable and peaceful. He rejoiced at the prosperity of the church, and aided by his personal service and his wealth many of the great religious charities of the age. To the Massachusetts Domestic ^Missionary Society he bequeathed at his death a generous legacy. In his later years his personal appearance is described by one who knew him well as follows: He was tall, long- 176 HISTORY OF CARLISLE limbed, broad, but thin chested, with silver hair combed back and hanging gracefully down over his coat collar. He dressed in a black broad-skirted, curve-waisted coat with ministerial bands or ruffles. He wore a long vest and knee breeches, with knee-buckles, and long black silk hose. His shoes were large, and were also adorned with silver buckles three inches square; and crowning this elaborate costume was a three-cornered Continental hat. Contemporaries inform the writer that this Con- tinental dress was not uncommon in those days, but the instances where it was worn were the exceptions rather than the general rule, being oftener seen on dress occa- sions, or donned by persons of rank. Mr. Litchfield married for his first wife Miss Mary Bailey of Scituate, by whom he had six children, five sons and a daughter. The daughter died in childhood, and Mrs. Litchfield died July 27, 1809, aged sixty years. He married for his second wife Mrs. Sarah Capen of Braintree, October 12, 1811. The youngest son, Franklin Litchfield, was educated at Harvard College, and served as United States consul at Porto Cabello. An order given by the selectmen, dated December 11, 1782, reads as follows: "That Mr. Isaac Wilkins, con- stable, shall keep in his own hands of the money he is to collect to support the gospel, the sum of three pounds three shillings, it being for keeping Mr. Litchfield's horse sixteen weeks and a half, and to find him house room six months from the time he was ordained." Litchfield Parsonage It appears that Mr. Litchfield paid rent to the above-named Wilkins for at least six months after his ordination, but during the most of his pastorate here he lived on what is familiarly known as the Litchfield place, EELIGIOUS MATTERS 177 located on the Lowell road, a little more than a half mile north from the center of the town. This dwelling, which served for nearly forty-six years as the Litchfield par- sonage, is still standing (1920), and externally, and perhaps internally, is the same as when occupied by the first pastor. Here he lived happily during his long pastorate and here he died, November 5, 1827, in the full trust in that Christian faith which he had inculcated, and in the hope which the Christian religion inspires. The funeral took place November 9, two days after the forty- sixth anniversary of his ordination as pastor of the Carlisle church. The funeral sermon was preached by John H. Church, D.D., pastor of the church in Pelham, N. H., and was later printed in pamphlet form. The interment was made near the east center of the Central Burying Ground in the center of the town. A slate stone, about five feet tall by two and one-half feet wide, with pillars carved on either side, and a weeping willow tree shading an urn for top decoration, marks the spot, and the following inscription appears on the stone: "Erected to the memory of Rev. Paul Litchfield, Pastor of the church in Carlisle for the space of forty-six years, and deceased Nov. 5, 1827, Aet. 75 "With firm discriminating mind, zealous for the dis- tinguishing doctrines of revelation, he stood fast in one spirit, striving for the faith of the gospel." A similar stone is erected to the memory of his first wife Mary, and stands close beside the former. The green leaves of the oak and poplar trees shade their graves from the burning rays of a summer sun; and in the fall drop these same leaves, as it were to form a 178 HISTORY OF CARLISLE mantle of protection from the sweeping and icy blasts of winter. It seems a fitting place for their ashes to rest, within sight, and also within hailing distance by the human voice, of the place where he proclaimed the gospel for forty-six long years, identified as he was with the district and the town in its infancy when poverty prevailed, and hardships had to be endured, and while the War of the Revolution was in progress. The more we learn of this man whose service was God's service, and who was one of the first to cast in his lot with the people of the district and town, and be settled over them as their spiritual adviser, as well as the one who has longest held a similar position in the history of the town, the more inclined are we to recognize his resting place as sacred ground, and to approach the spot with reverent step and bared head, even considering it a shrine never in any way to be desecrated, but always to be cared for and held in reverence and adoration. The Sermon Romans xiv: 7, 8. "For none of us liveth to himself, and no man dieth to himself. For whether we live, we live unto the Lord; and whether we die, we die unto the Lord; whether we live therefore, or die, we are the Lord's." The spirit of the devoted servant of Christ is here expressed. Here is the mark of his high calling in Christ Jesus. This is the self-denial, so much inculcated in the gospel, and so essential to a life in communion with God, and a meek- ness to glorify and enjoy him forever. The passage, in its connection, enforces the duty of Christians to receive each other as servants of the same Lord and engaged in the same cause; while sincerely differing in things not inconsistent with vital godliness. Notwithstanding their difference in minor things, they RELIGIOUS MATTERS 179 were agreed in living, not to themselves, but to the Lord, as being entirely his, in life and in death. This is the spirit which we should ardently strive to possess. It should constantly be the object of our pursuit. It comprises, in substance, all our personal religion. It should be the main- spring of all our actions. Nothing should be done, without this spirit of entire devotedness to the Lord. The subject may be illustrated by describing this spirit; and showing its influence on the Christian in living and dying to the Lord, In describing this spirit, two thoughts occur; a feeling conviction that we belong to the Lord — and a purpose of heart to be wholly devoted to him. 1. A feeling conviction that we belong to the Lord. — What truth is more sensibly felt by the fervent Christian? How forcibly it strikes his mind in every direction. What is not the Lord's, f* He hath made all things for himself. How must the lively Christian feel himself, and all he has, to be the Lord's, if he only considers him as his Maker, and Preserver, and the Giver of all his talents. In this view, he has nothing which he has not received of the Lord. And the whole is still the Lord's. What can the believer call exclusively his own.f* But the Lord has still higher and more endearing claims upon him. He bought him for himself. Ye are not your own; for ye are bought with a price. And what is this price .f^ Is it corruptible things? Is it silver and gold? No; it is the precious blood of Christ, The only begotten Son of God has been made a curse for him, and redeemed him from the curse of the law. The Son of God has loved him, and given himself for liim. Oh, let this truth be wrought in his mind by the exceeding greatness of Divine power, and how deep and habitual must be his conviction that he is not his d^vn, but the Lord's, to live, and to die to him? 2. A purpose of heart to be wholly devoted to the 180 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Lord. Deny thyself, is the sweet command of Christ to every hmnble follower. His cheerful obedience to this command distinguishes him from the selfish and unholy. "Inordinate self-love is the ruling passion of their hearts, and the governing principle of their lives. They have but one interest, and that is their own. A supreme regard to their own happiness is the mainspring of all that they do for God, and of all that they do for themselves, and all that they do for their fellow men." This is the spirit of the world — of every false-hearted professor. In appearance he does much for God, for the Church, and for his fellow men. But his supreme regard is to him- self. He would make everything subserve his own interest, or honor, or enjoyment. Even the Lord himself must serve him. Nothing is right, unless it is for his good. All is well if his happiness is secure, or his benefit promoted. All his kindness to others is very partial and very limited, and intended chiefly for his own advantage and comfort. But how different is the ruling purpose of the devoted friend of Immanuel. What a different principle prompts him to act. And what is this principle, but the love of God.? This dethrones self, and subordinates all its inter- ests to the Divine glory. The love of God gives to the mind a single eye, and fills the body with light. It inspires due regard to every object. God is loved supremely, because he is supremely excellent; and his glory is the riches of all worlds. What can the Christian allow to interfere with the Divine glory .'^ What can he so ardently desire as this — "Father, glorify thy name." In this supreme love to God is involved sin- cere love to one's own soul, and to every neighbor. The two great commandments of love to God and to man stand, or fall, together. There is no obedience to one, without obedience to the other. The carnal mind, which is enmity to God, is enmity RELIGIOUS MATTERS 181 to every soul of man. But love to God is love to every soul, for his sake. It seeks his glory in their salvation. Here is full scope for a self-denying spirit. How much will the zealous Christian sacrifice for Christ, that his name may be honored, and his people saved. How fixed will be his purpose to seek, not his own things, but the things which are Christ's. How little he will think of himself, and of all his private concerns, compared with the honor of his Saviour, and the interests of his ever- lasting kingdom. How cheerfully he will deny himself, take up his cross, and follow Christ. This is the prevailing purpose of his heart. For the love of Christ constrains him, to live not to himself, but to Him that died for him and rose again. I. The influence of this spirit on the Christian in life and in death. This influence he feels in all the relations of life. It governs him in his daily walk, and in the various circumstances, in which he is placed. 1. It inclines him to have constant communion with God. The desire of his soul is to the Lord, and to the remembrance of his name. O God, thou art my God; early will I seek thee. My soul thirsteth for thee. My soul followeth hard after thee. This communion with God is his life. Prayer is his spiritual breath. As he renounces self and the world, his soul is assimilated to God as the fountain of excellence and his exceeding joy. Christ is precious to his soul as all his salvation and all his desire. Beholding, with open face, as in a glass, his glory, he is changed into his image, by his spirit, that dwelleth in him. Looking, not at things seen and temporal, but at things unseen and eternal, and coming to the mercy-seat in the name of Jesus as his Advocate with the Father, how fervent are his petitions for grace to serve the Lord with increasing vigor and delight. And can he pray in vain? This is the confidence that we have in him, that if 182 HISTORY OF CARLISLE we ask anything according to his will he heareth us. And if we know that he hear us, whatsoever we ask we know that we have the petitions that we desired of him. 2. He is vigilant in keeping his heart. This must be kept with God. This is his due. Give me thine heart. What can be truly given to God, if this be withheld.? What can he accept, without the heart? But how great is its deceit and treachery .^^ What vigilance is requisite to keep himself in the love of God. How must he watch the motions of sin, the law in his members, which wars against the law of his mind, to bring him into captivity to the law of sin. How zealously he must strive to subdue his iniquities, that he may live entirely to the Lord. How careful he will be to know the state of his soul; whether he declines or advances in the Divine life; and whether he is pressing toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus. How can the self-denying Christian be regardless of these things? He makes cheerful sacrifices for his Redeemer. What can be withheld, which the Lord needs; or duty bids him give? Can he think much of labor or suffering in Christ's cause? Can he enjoy ease at the expense of his Saviour's honor? Can he count his life dear to himself, in glorifying his name? What can he love more than Christ? Christ is his all and in all. For him to live is Christ. Let the Saviour be honored; and it is enough; his mind is satisfied. How cheerfully he honors the Lord with his substance, and with the first fruits of his increase. This is the highest value of property. Its noblest use is to expend it for him who, though he was rich, yet for our sakes became poor, that we through his poverty might be rich. How can the devoted Christian retain it, when wanted to relieve the saints, to spread the gospel, to saves souls ready to perish, and to build the temple of the Lord. Whoso hath the world's goods and seeth his brother RELIGIOUS MATTERS 183 have need, and shutteth up his bowels of compassion from him, how dwelleth the love of God in him? What agreement can there be between a self-denying spirit and a heart of covetousness? How must the former seek the destruction of the latter? How can the spirit of Christ dwell in the avaricious mind? His temple shall not be a den of thieves; but the abode of love and kind- ness. His love shall fill the heart and yield its precious fruits. 4. He that is devoted to the Lord is patient and resigned to his will. He feels himself at the Divine dis- posal. The Lord may do with him as it seemeth good in his sight. He has a right to appoint him his seasons of pain and sickness, of trouble and sorrow, as well as of ease and comfort. How willingly may the believer refer himself and all his concerns to the Lord. Here is his safety. Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on thee; because he trusteth in thee. Blessed is the man that endureth trials. He rejoices in hope of the glory of God; and not only so, but he glories in tribulation also; knowing that tribulation worketh patience; and patience experience; and experience hope. How cheering is the assurance that all things shall work together for good to them that love God; and that their light afflictions shall work out for them a far more exceed- ing and eternal weight of glory. All things are for their sakes, that the abundant grace might through the thanks- giving of many redound to the glory of God. For a season they are in heaviness through manifold tempta- tions; that the trial of their faith, being much more precious than gold that perisheth, though it be tried with fire, might be found unto praise, and honor, and glory, at the appearing of Jesus Christ. Can the lively believer shrink from trials of such blessed tendency? Will he not rather count them his joy? Does he not need them, 184 HISTORY OF CARLISLE for his cleansing from sin? And will he not glory in hi^ necessities and distresses, that the power of Christ may rest upon him? 5. He closes his mortal life to the honor of his Lord, As he has lived to him, so he dies to him. He may be in a strait, whether to remain here in the service of the Lord; or to be absent from the body and present with the Lord. But the question is not for him to decide. In a sweet, spiritual frame of mind, he does not wish to decide it. He leaves it wholly with the Lord. Precious in his sight is the death of his saints. In them he is glorified. His grace can shine in their dying hours. How much to his honor and praise is their humble trust in his merits; their confidence in his truth and love; their humility and penitence for sin; their joy in his name; and their animating hope that through him they shall sing the conqueror's song. In how lovely a manner do they complete their Christian course? They fall asleep in Jesus. They enter into his rest. They see him as he is. They are like him; and they shall serve him forever. Blessed are the dead, who die in the Lord. On this sub- ject, I remark: 1. The devoted servant of Christ has decision of character. He is not seen in a neutral position. You are not in doubt whether he is on the Lord's side. You see him decided. You learn the purpose of his heart — "As for me, I will serve the Lord. By his grace, I am resolved to do it. His grace is sufficient for me. I can do all things in his strength. I have his promise that he will be with me." How firm and resolute may he be? Who shall defeat his purpose to obey and honor his Lord? The Lord is his strength; the word of God his guide; the glory of God his end. Grace binds him to the Lord. Can he serve another master? Can he consent to serve the law of sin? Sin is what he hates. He abhors that RELIGIOUS MATTERS 185 which is evil. He dehghts in the law of God after the inward man. He walks in the law of the Lord. Hence his walk is uniform and consistent. His Christian char- acter he maintains in every circle, at home and abroad. In no place is he ashamed of Christ, of his truth, his cause, or his followers, or of his relation to him. God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world is crucified unto me, and I unto the world. 2. The religion which involves no true self-denial is worthless in the Lord's sight. It lacks his spirit. How can he accept it? It does nothing for him in godly sincerity. It is all fleshly wisdom; the carnal mind which he abhors and condemns. It may make a fair show in the flesh. It may please its votaries. But what is its end? Will you embrace such a religion? Would you serve the Lotd only as your convenience or self-interest allows? Would you have an easy way to heaven? Would you go there in flowery paths, and be regaled, all the way, with roses without thorns? Must no tribu- lation attend you? Must there be no sacrifice required of you for the Lord, or for his cause? Must you be allowed to seek your own things, and neglect the things that are Christ's? Must your private concerns be regarded as of more worth than his kingdom, or souls bought with his blood? Would you never contend; much less contend earnestly for the faith once delivered to the saints; and never plead for such a life of godliness as condemns nominal and lukewarm professors? Would you be so easy and accommodating in your religion, that the ungodly shall commend you? But does this accord with the example of Christ and his Apostles? Is this living not to yourselves, but to the Lord? Is this striving to enter in at the strait gate; and to walk in the narrow way which leads to life everlasting? Is this to be a 186 HISTORY OF CARLISLE good and faithful servant of the Lord; and as such to be approved of him in the decisive day? Or is this to be a slothful and wicked servant whose end is destruction? 3. The faithful in Christ Jesus are best known in times of peculiar trial. Then is the test of their char- acter. Then their Christian graces are called forth. Could the strength of Abraham's faith have been known had he not been called to offer Isaac as a burnt sacrifice? Could the meekness of Moses have been seen, if he had not been the leader of a people so disposed to murmur and rebel and to lay their calamities at his door? Or can we now see the excellence of the Christian's character unless it is brought to the trial? Can you see his faith and patience, if he has no seasons of adversity? Or his self-denying spirit, if he is called to part with nothing for Christ; or to endure no hardness in his service? It is easy to rejoice in prosperity; the most selfish can do it. But can you say with the prophet: Although the fig tree shall not blossom, neither shall fruit be in the vine; the labor of the olive shall fail, and the field shall yield no meat; the flock shall be cut off from the fold, and there shall be no herd in the stalls; yet will I rejoice in the Lord; I will joy in the God of my salvation? Do this, and you manifest your godly sincerity to the praise of Divine grace. 4. The connection between the life and the death of the devoted Christian deserves notice. His living to the Lord prepares him to die to the Lord. Having lived the life of the righteous, he dies his death. Through rich grace, he has lively hope in death, in proportion as he has been diligent to be found of the Lord in peace without spot and blameless. How evidently does his life of humble piety and zeal for the Lord, fit him by Divine mercy to end his days in peace; and his hope and peace in death give the finishing stroke to his Christian I RELIGIOUS MATTERS 187 character. Would you die this happy death of the righteous? Then live his life. 5. The departed saint still lives to the glory of his Lord. He is not the God of the dead, but of the living, for all live unto him. Whether saints live or die; they are the Lord's. For to this end Christ both died and rose, and revived, that he might be Lord both of the dead and living. Yes, the saint that has fallen asleep in Jesus is now a spirit of the just made perfect; he is before the throne; he sees the face of his Redeemer; and serves him day and night in his temple. There he joins in the never-ending song: Unto him that loved us and washed us from our sins in his own blood, and hath made us kings and priests unto God and his Father; to him be glory and dominion forever and ever. You may suppose, my brethren, that in these remarks, I have some reference to the beloved and respected servant of Christ, whose mortal part we are now to commit to the silent dust. I hope the reference is just. I trust he lived and died to the Lord, as redeemed by his blood, clothed with his righteousness and sanctified by his Spirit. His character is well known. It is deeply imprinted on the hearts of those who now mourn that they shall see his face and hear his voice no more. It has been formed by grace and to God belongs the praise of every- thing excellent and useful in his servant who now rests from his labors and whose works of piety and love follow him, as the proofs of his being sincerely devoted to the Lord. He meets, we hope, a gracious acceptance and receives from his Redeemer's hand a crown of life that fadeth not away. The Rev. Paul Litchfield was born in Scituate, March 12, 1752. He was the first-born of twelve children. His parents were respectable; and died, it is hoped, in 188 HISTORY OF CARLISLE the Lord, at an advanced age. In early life he was sober and regular in his conduct. He sought an educa- tion that he might be fitted for the gospel ministry. He graduated at Harvard College in 1775. While in college he was much devoted to the cause of religion. He was attached to the friends of evangelical truth and exerted his influence for the salvation of his fellow men. His solicitude for their conversion was manifested by his efforts to turn tliem from darkness to light. His theolog- ical studies he pursued under the direction of Rev. Dr. Stephen West of Stockbridge, who is well known as an author by some able productions and especially by his treatise on the atonement. After being licensed to preach the gospel, he supplied several congregations and was invited to settle in the ministry, but the Lord directed his steps to this place as the field of his stated labors through life. Here he was ordained the first pastor of this church, November 7, 1781. The church was formed on the twenty-eighth of February preceding and consisted of ten male and twenty female members. His call was voted on the seventeenth of May. He ministered to this church forty-six years. Duriiig the whole of this period it appeared to be his great object to fulfil the ministry, which he had received in the Lord. He pi^ossessed a strong, discriminating mind. He was fond of deep thought. It was not his manner to glide along on the surface of a subject. He preferred more thorough investigations and discussions. The ablest works on theology were his favorite study. His views of the essential doctrines of the Bible were distinct and well arranged in his mind and he had the talent of presenting these doctrines to others with plain- ness and force. Who could hear him without knowing the leading sentiments of his creed? When did he give an uncertain sound? How much did his doctrinal dis- RELIGIOUS MATTERS 189 cussions enforce his exhortations to repent, to beheve in Christ, and obey every divine command? How carefully did he connect faith and good works in his pastoral min- istrations? His natural gravity added to the solemnity of his ministerial performances. He also spoke under a sensible impression of Divine truth on his own mind. His preaching was therefore well adapted to impress his hearers. By the power of the Holy Spirit, it had this effect, as numbers who heard him can testify. In the year 1798 was the season of most interesting attention to religion, which he was so happy as to witness among his people. It was a powerful work of grace. The fruit was considerable. At other times he enjoyed a special blessing on his labors. In such revivals of religion he took a lively interest, and prayed and labored to promote them. The prosperity of Zion at large was dear to his heart. He rejoiced in the increase of orthodox, faithful ministers around him and through our land. The cause of missions he warmly espoused and readily encouraged other objects of Christian enterprise. He looked with confidence for the earth to be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the Lord. Christian principles appeared to influence him in all the walks of life, and in the discharge of relative duties. He manifested much affection and kindness in his family. He was affectionate and kind to his other rela- tives. He was a lover of hospitality and of good men. His Christian brethren and other friends were made so welcome and entertained so kindly in his house that the}' could afterwards call with pleasure. His trust in God sustained him under the trials he endured. These appeared to mature his Christian character, to promote his usefulness, and to increase his joy in the Lord. In his last sickness, he had, as he thought, the Savior's gracious presence and peace with God through 190 HISTORY OF CARLISLE our Lord Jesus Christ. He was visited with some dark- ness of mind, which was followed with reviving light and comfort, but his disorder so prostrated his system as to prevent a full expression of his views and feelings. He, however, conversed with members of his charge, and with some of his children. To the latter he opened his mind with much tender affection. His dying words, they will long remember; his end, in the judgment of his pious friends, was peace. The removal of such a husband is to you, dear madam, a very sensible loss. But you trust that his gain is unspeakably greater. You could pray for his continuance in life, but you cannot now desire his return. He lived to a good old age, and has departed in peace. Bless the Lord that you so long enjoyed his affection, his pious example, and his prayers. Follow him as he followed Christ; yea, rather live a life of faith on the Son of God, who loved you and gave himself for you, and you will soon see Jesus as he is, and be like him forever. The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with you, and make you to abound in peace and joy in the Holy Ghost, till you join the church of the first-born in heaven. What an affliction to children is the death of a kind and pious father! What tender scenes, my beloved friends, does it open to your minds .'^ You recall the past; and think of the future. You are reminded of your peculiar privileges, as children of parents in covenant with God, and as solemnly devoted to him in baptism. What tender solicitude has your father felt for your salvation.'* How earnestly has he besought you, and especially on his dying bed, that you would choose the God of your parents as your God? How many prayers has he offered for you? How much instruction has he given you? Is all this nothing to you? Can you neglect RELIGIOUS MATTERS 191 it all? Is this honoring your father? Is it preparing to meet him before your judge? Are you prepared for such a meeting? Are you born of the Spirit? Is the God of your Father your God, by faith in Christ? Do you live, not to yourselves, but to the Lord? Then, through rich grace, you will close your days in peace, and enter the New Jerusalem. How animating the thought! But shall either of you fail of this blessedness? O prevent it by pressing into the kingdom. Can you think of perishing from such a family and such privileges as you have enjoyed? O be wise, win Christ. Secure to yourselves his unsearchable riches. Make him your Friend, and he will never fail you. The Lord bless you for his name's sake. The death of such a Brother, my respected Friends, is to you aflBicting and solemn. It speaks loudly to your hearts, calling you to seek more earnestly the things which are above. Obey the call, I beseech you, and see that you are made meet for the inheritance of the saints in light. May the other Relatives duly notice the hand of God. Be humble; be penitent; and zealously seek the grace of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. May his grace be with you all. The members of this Church will see cause to humble themselves under the mighty hand of God. He gave and he has taken away a Pastor who has been much and justly endeared to you. To some of you, he has been a spiritual father. How long he has broken among you the bread of life; and given you the tokens of the Saviour's love. But his work is done. His ministry is closed. You will long and affectionately remember him and the things which he taught. Let him still speak to you. Walk in love, my dearly beloved, as Christ hath loved you. Love one another with pure hearts fervently. Grieve not the Holy Spirit, by any unkindness, or bitterness, or 192 HISTORY OF CARLISLE evil affection towards any man. Seek of the Lord a faithful Pastor, who shall determine to know nothing among you but Jesus Christ and him crucified. Stand fast in the faith and fellowship of the gospel; and be of one mind of one accord, and the Lord will be with you. We com- mend you to God and to the word of his grace, which is able to build you up and to give you an inheritance among them that are sanctified. To this Congregation, the Lord speaks, as he never spake before. He has called from you his ambassador, to give account of his ministry. What account does your minister render to the Lord, who sent him.f^ Have you received him in love, for Jesus' sake.'' Has he persuaded you to be reconciled to God, through his only begotten Son? Must he testify that you will not receive and obey the Son of God, as your Saviour and King.'' Can you persist in this purpose? Do you consider the consequences? Can you endure them? Are you ready to meet the minister of Christ before his judgment seat? Are you prepared for the trial? If you are condemned, can you appeal? Can you find a friend in the universe? But now, today, you can make the Judge your Friend. He will be your Surety, if you condemn yourself and justify God. He will then acquit you in the judgment day, and give you a crown of righteousness. Now hear the voice. Duly prize the ministry of reconciliation. Live not without it. The liberal support of the gospel is for your present interest and future blessedness. O fear and serve the Lord, and his mercy will be on you and your children. My Brethren in the ministry, let us be more faithful in our office, by what we have known of this respected Father and Brother in the gospel. Let his death deeply admonish us to be also ready. We also must give account of ourselves unto God. To whom is death so solemn, so full of tremendous results, as to the watchman of souls? RELIGIOUS MATTERS 193 What immense interests are in his hands? Who is the faithful steward of the mysteries of God? Who is wise to win souls? Who will receive the approving sentence — Well done, good and faithful servant. Dear Brethren, let us be clothed with humility; and let the love of Christ constrain us to live always to him ; and may he accept and bless us in our work, for the honor of his name. Let every one, in this house of our solemnities, pre- pare to meet God in judgment. The decisive day is at hand. Delay has ruined thousands. Let it not be your ruin. Be reconciled to God, through his Son. Receive the abundance of his grace, and the gift of righteousness, that you may reign in life by Jesus Christ, forever. Amen." Hymn What think you of Christ? is the test To try both your state and your scheme; You cannot be right in the rest. Unless you think rightly of him. As Jesus appears in your view. As he is beloved or not; So God is disposed to you, And mercy or wrath are your lot. Some take him a creature to be, A man, or an angel at most; Sure these have not feelings like me. Nor know themselves wretched and lost; So guilty, so helpless am I, I durst not confide in his blood, Nor on his protection rely. Unless I were sure he is God. Some call him a Saviour, in word, But mix their own w^orks with his plan; 194 HISTORY OF CARLISLE And hope he his help will afford, When they have done all that they can; If doings prove rather too light, (A little, they own, they may fail) They purpose to make up full weight, By casting his name in the scale. Some style him the pearl of great price, And say he's the fountain of joys; Yet feed upon folly and vice. And cleave to the world and its toys; Like Judas, the Saviour they kiss. And while they salute him betray; Ah! what will profession like this Avail in his terrible day? If ask'd, what of Jesus I think? Tho' still my best thoughts are but poor, I say, he's my meat and my drink. My life, and my strength, and my store; My Shepherd, my Husband, my Friend, My Saviour from Sin and from thrall; My hope from beginning to end. My portion, my Lord, and my All. Names of church members when Rev. Paul Litchfield died, November 5, 1827: John Green, Deacon Mary Proctor John Jacobs, Deacon ^ Sarah Taylor Joseph Heald Hannah Wilkins Harris Bingham Lucinda Wyman Lucy Andrews Sarah Fletcher Sarah Blood Sarah Nuting Lydia Parker Hannah Nuting Susanna Parlin An^a Blood RELIGIOUS MATTERS 195 Mable Jacobs Mrs. Parker Abi Heald Mrs. Barrett Hannah Blood Sarah Green Elisabeth Hodgman Hannah Forbush Rachel Hartwell Lois Green Lucy Harwood Lydia Foster Mary Skilton Miranda Russell." A meeting of the church was regularly called for November 26, 1827, at the home of Deacon John Jacobs, which appears to have been the first meeting of the church for the transaction of business held subsequent to the death of Rev. Paul Litchfield. At this meeting it was voted that Deacon John Jacobs take charge of the church records and the donation of books bequeathed to the church by their late pastor. On Monday, December 3, 1827, in less than a month after the death of Rev. Mr. Litchfield, the voters of the town were assembled at the meeting-house in the capacity of a town meeting. Only one article appeared in the warrant, and that in substance was, to see if the inhab- itants would have religious services on Sabbath days in the future, and pass any votes in relation to the same which they may think proper. The town voted to have religious services, and chose a committee of three to supply the pulpit by hiring until the following March. At the subsequent March meeting the question was again considered: "To know if the inhabitants of said town will take any method relative to having preaching in the future." The town voted in the affirmative, and chose Mr. John Heald as a committee to see that the pulpit be supplied for one month, at the end of which time a committee of three were chosen by the town to continue the supplies, and the sum of three hundred dollars was raised to support public worship and other ministerial charges for the ensuing year. The committee 196 HISTORY OF CARLISLE chosen by the town to secure suppHes for the pulpit employed preachers of the orthodox belief for a few weeks, after which those usually secured were of Unitarian faith. On June 9, 1828, a meeting of the church was held at the home of Deacon John Greeii, at which it was unanimously voted to give Rev. Joseph W. Clary, who sympathized with the late Rev. Paul Litchfield in matters of theology, a call to settle with them in the gospel ministry. At a subsequent town meeting, held June 19, the town by vote non-concurred with the church. Various movements took place between the town and the church until at length the Rev. Ephraim Randall, something of a popular preacher, but Unitarian in creed, was employed by the town committee, and a paper was put in circulation to obtain subscribers to give him a call to settle over the church and town. Those of the inhabi- tants who were of the orthodox persuasion, finding a majority of the voters of the town were determined to settle a Unitarian minister and would not consider the proposals made to them by the church, took advantage of the then recent law and twenty in number "signed off," as it was called, to the Trinitarian Society in Concord, under the care of Rev. D. L. Southmayed, in order not to be holden to pay any part of the expense of settling or supporting a minister who entertained religious views not consistent with their own. The church as a church, however, always held their communion seasons in the town, and the church as well as those who "signed off" and did not belong to the church, continued to hold meetings together on Sabbath days in some private house. An article a^ follows appeared in the warrant for the annual March meeting in the year 1829: "To know if the town will agree that the Church of Christ, in the town and others who may wish to worship with them, may have the use of the meeting-house and bell, for the RELIGIOUS MATTERS 197 purpose of religious worship, at any time when it is not wanted for the use of the town," The town voted "that action be deferred for one year," and the request was never again presented. On December 28, 1829, the town voted and chose a committee to petition the Legislature that the said parish be incorporated as the First Religious Society in Carlisle. Nothing, however, in the town records shows that the Legislature considered the petition or that it was pre- sented. At the same meeting the town "voted that the money called the Simon Blood, Jr., donation money, be forever appropriated as a fund to be known as the Blood Ministerial Fund of the First Religious Society in Carlisle, and that said fund be forever under the control and for the sole use of the afore-named religious Society." Efforts were put forth, and proposals were subse- quently made by the church, to bring about some amicable arrangement with the town in order that a union of purpose and interests between church and town, similar to what had existed in years past, might prevail again, but all to no effect; and to crown the whole the town at its annual town meeting held on Monday, March 1, 1830, chose a committee to take all the property into their possession belonging to the church. This property was by vote of the church in the possession of Deacon John Jacobs and was subsequently reluctantly handed over, in order to avoid any possible future trouble. At the latter-named meeting the town also voted to raise three hundred dollars for the support of preaching. A meeting of the members of the First Religious Society was held in the meeting-house on Monday, November 22, 1830. Mr. Thomas Heald was chosen moderator, and it " was unanimously agreed to give the Rev. Stephen Hull an invitation to settle with said church and society in the ministry, and that so long 198 HISTORY OF CARLISLE as he should discharge the duties of a clergyman in said church and society, he receive three hundred and seventy dollars yearly for his compensation, to be paid in four quarterly payments and that the above contract may be dissolved by either party thereto giving the other six months notice, and paying up all arrearages." A committee of three persons were chosen to wait on Rev. Stephen Hull and present to him the proceedings of this meeting. The call was accepted by Mr. Hull, and the service of installation took place on December 29. Rev. Dr. Ripley of Concord presided at the council and Rev. Dr. Eaton of Boxford preached the sermon. This union of pastor and people continued until June 1, 1835, the parish having six months previously given the required notice that they wished to annul the contract. On November 14, 1831, the last money, three hun- dred dollars in amount, was raised by the town in its corporate capacity for the purpose of supporting the gospel; and was appropriated for the purpose of paying Rev. Stephen Hull his salary and for other parochial charges. Thus the above date notes the financial separa- tion of town and church. Under the new regime, the members of the First Religious Society voted from time to time to raise a portion of the funds required for the support of religious worship by taxation. This necessitated a valuation, and the following is the result of what appears to have been the first valuation authorized by the Society: " 104,975 Dollars Total amount of Estate Real and Personal owned by Members of the first Religious Society in Carlisle per Valuation of 1835, B. F. Heald, Jonas Parker, J. W. Wilkins, Parish Assessors." RELIGIOUS MATTERS 199 "$312.24 Total amount of Taxes Assessed for the year 1835. B. F. Heald, Jonas Parker, J. W. Wilkins, Parish Assessors." It may be of interest to know that no estate was valued as high as the $5000 mark; four were over $4000, but less than $5000; three were over $3000, but less than $4000; twelve were over $2000, but less than $3000; twenty-five were assessed for a poll tax only; sixty-three had a valuation of less than $2000; one hundred and seven entries were made on the valuation list. Rev. Mr. Williams, Rev. Edmund Capron and Rev. George W. Stacy supplied the pulpit for a year after Rev. Stephen Hull's pastorate. The following order drawn on the treasury of the First Religious Society is of interest, since it indicates the price paid for board on the date attached. "Carlisle, 20th Feb. 1836. Order No. 27, $30. — Mr. James Green Treas. of the first Religious Society in Carlisle, Sir: Please to appropriate to your own use, thirty dollars of the money now in your hands belonging to sd. Society, that sum being the amount due to you for boarding Rev. Messrs. Capron & Stacy fifteen weeks at $2 per week, and this shall be your discharge for the same. Per order. B. F. Heald, Parish Clerk." An adjourned meeting of the voting members of the First Religious Society was held at their meeting- house on Monday, March 21, 1836, at which meeting "Capt. Thomas Green, from the committee appointed to confer with Re^\ George W. Stacy, reported that said 200 HISTORY OF CARLISLE committee had attended to their duty and acertained that said Stacy would engage to supply the Desk for one year for three hundred dollars, and house rent and fire wood." It was voted that he be invited to settle as pastor of the First Religious Society in Carlisle, and that the ordination take place the first Wednesday in May following, if agreeable to him; and committees were appointed to make the necessary arrangements. The ordination took place May 4, 1836, with the following order of service: Anthem. Introductory Prayer, Rev. Mr. Damon, West Cambridge. Scripture Selection, Rev. Mr. Andrews, Chelmsford. Hymn . Sermon, Rev. Mr. Ballon, Mendon. Anthem . Ordaining Prayer, Rev. Mr. Maynard, Amherst, N. H. Charge, Rev. Mr. Dean, Boston. Right hand of fellowship. Rev. Mr. Morse, Marlboro. Original Hymn. Address to the People, Dr. Ripley, Concord. Concluding Prayer, Rev. Mr. White, Littleton. Anthem. Benediction. Thus Rev. George W. Stacy was the third pastor settled over the First Religious Society. His pastorate terminated May 1, 1839, of his own volition. Subsequent to the termination of the pastorate of Rev. George W. Stacy, the pulpit appears to have been supplied by a number of clergymen, hired usually from Sabbath to Sabbath or for a short term, until the year 1848, when the services of Rev. Mr. Hervey of Wayland were secured. After he had supplied the pulpit for a number of Sabbaths, to the entire satisfaction of the Society, the parish by a unanimous vote invited him to RELIGIOUS MATTERS 201 assume the duties of minister and pastor of tlie church for the term of one year, at a salai-y of four hundred dollars, which invitation he accepted, and entered upon the duties on September 1, 1848. During the church year ending November 1, 1853, the pulpit was supplied most of the time by Mr. Davis Smith from the Cambridge Divinity School. "On the twentieth of June Mr. Smith was ordained in the church as an evangelist. The Rev. Messrs. Bridge of Lexington, Gushing of Bedford, Frost of Concord, Lincoln of Boston, and ?\Iellen of Chelmsford took part in the exercises." In the year 1851) the First Parish leased Union Hall to the town for the purpose of holding town meetings, for the sum of twelve dollars per year. This rental, together with the amount received for the annual rent of forty pews in the church, which alone sometimes exceeded four hundred dollars, went a long way toward paying the running expenses for supporting public wor- ship. When there was likely to be a deficiency the balance was raised sometimes by taxation and sometimes by subscription. There was also an annual income from the Simon Blood fund, which was likewise appropriated, and at a meeting of the Society held December 21, 1855, a new source of income was inaugurated, which has con- tinued with only occasional annual interruptions to the present time (1920), when it was voted "that the society authorize the holding of one or more tea parties the ensuing winter, and the proceeds thereof be paid over to the treasurer to be appropriated to the payment of mini- sterial services the present parochial year." These tea parties usually included a good theatrical by local talent, followed by a supper and dance, with music by a first-class orchestra and always attracted large crowds and netted a neat sum for the church. On November 2, 1857, at a parish meeting then being held. 202 HISTORY OF CARLISLE it was voted to employ Rev. James T. Powers to occupy the pulpit until the next parish meeting. This was the beginning of a pastorate that continued until April 30, 1863, when his resignation took effect, but by agreement with the committee he supplied the pulpit by himself or substitute until October 31, making his pastorate of six years' duration. At a parish meeting held March 19, 1864, it was "voted that hereafter the parochial year shall commence on the first day of April in each year, instead of the first day of November as herietofore." At a parish meeting held December 31, 1864, it was "voted to instruct the standing committee to employ the Rev. B. F. Summerbell to supply the pulpit for the remainder of the present fiscal year." This they did, and then engaged him to continue for the ensuing year, at an annual salary of seven hundred dollars. Rev. John S. Smith was the next regular pastor and assumed the duties of the position, as Rev. Mr. Summer- bell's successor, in the year 1866. During Mr. Smith's pastorate, many changes were made and much valuable work was done. The membership list was revised, new by-laws were adopted, necessary repairs on the exterior and interior of the church were made, a new church organ was purchased and installed; a beautiful clock, the gift of Mr. S. T. Fletcher of Lowell, was a valuable addition to the church auditorium; a bequest to the Society by the late Capt. Thomas Green was accepted, and extensive repairs were made on the church spire. The pastorate of Rev. J. S. Smith terminated in Carhsle on the expira- tion of his fifth annual engagement, April 1, 1871. During the year ending April 1, 1873, because of a lack of suffi- cient funds, the pulpit supply was only secured for five Sabbaths. On May 14, 1873, "The parish committee voted to grant the free use of the church to parties request- RELIGIOUS MATTERS 203 ing it, to hold public worship therein until such time as the Society may require it for their own use." In con- sideration of the above very liberal offer, Alexander Dight, a young man who was preparing for a Methodist preacher, was engaged, and continued to supply the pulpit very acceptably for a year or more. The next regular minister engaged by the First Religious Society was Rev. James J. Twiss, who commenced his labors in 1876, and resigned to take effect on November 1, 1879, after a three-years pastorate. Rev. George F. Piper, pastor of the Unitarian Church in the adjoining town of Bedford, was the next to assume the pastoral care of the Carlisle church. This he did in addition to and in connection with his Bedford charge, until the year 1890. Rev. Edwin C. Abbott of Boston was Mr. Piper's successor, and supplied the pulpit for ten years, or until July 1, 1901. The year 1898 was a very prosperous year for the First Religious Society, from a financial standpoint, since it voted to accept three donations as follows: A note of two hundred dollars and accrued interest left by will of Mrs. Maria F. Green; a note of two hundred dollars given by Mr. Ambrose Heald, and a bequest of ten thousand dollars by will of the late Joanna Gleason. At a special meeting of the parish held in Union Hall November 16, 1901, it was "Voted that the parish committee hire Rev. Walter E. Lane as a resident minister for one year," and at the annual meeting of the Society held April 26, 1902, it was voted that Mr. Lane be installed. A committee of five persons from the church were chosen to confer with Mr. Lane, and make the necessary arrangements, which duties they performed, and Rev. Walter Eustace Lane was installed as pastor of the First Religious Society of Carlisle, on Thursday afternoon. May 22, 1902. The order of exercises follows: 204 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Anthem, "Come to Me," Choir. Invocation, Rev. A. D. K. Shurtleff, Chelmsford. Scripture Reading and Hymn Sermon, Rev. Charles E. St. John, Boston. Prayer of Installation, Rev. C. A. Staples, Lexington. Response. Charge to Pastor, Rev. L. B. Macdonald, Concord. Right hand of Fellowship, Rev. Edgar S. Weirs, Billerica. Address to the People, Rev. Frederic Gill, Arlington. Address, "The Denominational Message," Rev. G. H. Badger, Boston. Address, Rev. Herbert Armes, Carlisle. Doxology. Benediction by the Pastor. Rev. Mr. Lane continued in his position as pastor of the First Church for four years, when at the annual parish meeting held March 20, 1906, he presented and read his resignation. Action on the matter was referred to an adjourned meeting held April 7, 1906, when after due consideration the pastor's resignation was accepted. At the annual parish meeting held on April 3, 1907, it was "voted to install the pastor. Rev. Frank H. Billington," who was Rev. Mr. Lane's successor, and a committee of five persons as follows. Rev. Frank H. Billington, J. H. Wilkins, E. S. Ricker, Mrs. D. W. Robbins and Mrs. Nettie Wilson were appointed by the chair to name the date, and make the necessary arrange- ments. The service of installation was held in the church Wednesday, April 24, 1907, at two o'clock, with the fol- lowing order of exercises: Hymn, "Come thou Almighty King," Congregation. Charge to the Pastor, Rev. Harry Lutz, Billerica. Charge to the People, Rev. Frederic Gill, Arlington. Solo "Come unto me," (Hawley) ]Miss Rose Fish. RELIGIOUS MATTERS 205 Right hand of Fellowship, Rev. Loren B. Macdonald, Concord. Hymn, "^Yalk in the Light,' Congregation. Benediction, Pastor. Organ Postlude Frank E. Wilkins. At the annual parish meeting called for April 5, and adjourned to April 8, 1911, the resignation of the pastor, Rev. Frank H. Billington, was read by the clerk. The meeting in taking action voted unanimously not to accept, but the pastor's decision appears to have been conclusive. At a special parish meeting held November 25, 1911, it was voted to extend a call to Rev. Granville Pierce to assume the duties as pastor of the church. Mr. Pierce accepted the call and moved to town, serving as pastor of the First Religious Society for more than two years. During his pastorate a new organ was given the Society by Unity Guild, and it was voted by the Society to donate the old organ to Unity Guild. A special parish meeting was held in Union Hall January 9, 1915. Article II was "To see what action the parish will take in regard to hiring a minister." Rev. E. J. Prescott, of Hampton Falls, N. H., was the can- didate under consideration, and it was "voted that the parish committee be instructed to engage him on such conditions as they deem best." Mr. Prescott lived in Hampton Falls most of the time, but held the position of pastor of the First Religious Society in Carlisle for upward of three years, making weekly trips between the two places by automobile for the Sunday service. The following is a copy of the second item of the will of Serlina G. Richardson, late of Chelmsford, for- merly a resident of Carlisle: "Item 2. I give to the First Religious Society (Unitarian) at Carlisle, the sum of One Thousand Dollars, in trust, the income only of 206 HISTORY OF CARLISLE said sum to be expended annually for the support of liberal preaching." At the annual parish meeting held April 5, 1916, it was "Voted to accept the gift of one thousand dollars from Serlina G. Richardson, late of Chelmsford, the clerk to make a suitable record on the Church book." Following the pastorate of Rev. E. J. Prescott, the Rev. J. H. Crooker of Lexington supplied the pulpit of the First Parish Church for a few Sundays, and was finally hired to assume the duties of pastor. He con- tinued to make his home in Lexington, going to Carlisle for the Sabbath day service and as necessity required. Chapter XVIII UNION CALVINISTIC CHURCH After a series of efforts on the part of the members of the original church to negotiate an amicable settlement of ecclesiastical affairs with the town, extending over a period of three years subsequent to the death of the Rev. Paul Litchfield, the first pastor of the town, the situation appears to have developed into a condition where new resources had to be developed and new plans formed, which resulted in twelve legal voters of the town, John Jacobs, Aaron Fletcher, Zebulon Blood, Joseph Heald, Abel Taylor, William Raymond, Samuel Boynton, Jonas Munroe, Reuben Munroe, Harris Bingham, Timothy Meek and Reuben Foster, forming themselves into a religious society known as the Union Calvinistic Society; and later applying to Jonathan Prescott, Esq., of Westford, to grant a warrant in due form of law to Deacon Jacobs, to notify all the male members of said Society to meet at the house of Capt. Aaron Fletcher on Saturday, November 20, 1830, at one o'clock p.m., for the purpose of organizing according to law, and choosing all necessary officers to manage the business of said Society. The warrant was granted and the members of the Society were personally warned by Deacon Jacobs. The meeting was held at the time and place mentioned, the place being the same premises in the center of the town now (1920) owned and occupied by Mr. Daniel W. Robbins. The meeting was called to order by Jonathan Prescott, Esq., the justice of the peace, who served the 207 208 HISTORY OF CARLISLE warrant. Mr. Samuel Boynton was chosen moderator, and the following officers, who were also the first officers of said Society, were chosen: Clerk, John Jacobs; treasurer and collector, John Jacobs; prudential committee, Harris Bingham, John Jacobs and Reuben Foster. Twenty male members then signed the constitution of the Society and the date of November 20, 1830, will be remembered as the date when the Union Calvinistic Society was organized. Now the situation in the town appeared to be a new religious society formed, with a constantly increasing membership, but lacking the necessary convenience of a house for worship, and to the consideration of this par- ticular problem the minds of the members of the Society appear to have been turned; for at a business meeting of the Society, held at the home of Deacon John Jacobs on January 3, 1831, it was "Voted that Deacon Jacobs draw up a subscription paper and circulate the same for the purpose of ascertaining what sum can be raised in this manner toward building a church." On the twenty-eighth day of the following February a meeting of the Society was called at the same place as before, and it was "voted to build a house of worship thirty feet long, twenty-eight feet wide and fifteen feet high, and also to lay out the money subscribed in labor and materials as far as it will go." Just how much was subscribed is not revealed, but it is recorded that one individual raised by subscription from people not living in the town the sum of $255.06 in money, and twenty-one dollars in materials, which included a stove. Messrs. John Jacobs, Abel Taylor and Reuben Foster were chosen as a building committee, who attended to the duties assigned them, and completed the building during the summer of 1332, at an expense to the Society of nearly eight hundred dollars. Necessary arrange- UNION CALVINISTIC CHURCH 209 ments were made, and the building was dedicated to God, and the purposes of reHgious worship on October 4, 1832. Rev. Amos Blanchard of Lowell preached the dedicatory sermon and meetings continued to be held for a space of three days with favorable results to the church and Society. The building was located at the south of the Common, in the center of the town, the same location as that occupied by the Congregational Church at the present time (1920), and of which it forms the larger part of the main auditorium. The land surrounding it and on which the church stands, in area a quarter of an acre more or less, was leased by said Society for a term of nine hundred and ninety-nine years of Mr. Isaac Duren, with the express understanding that said Society would, within the space of two years, erect a building on said premises to be consecrated to the solemn worship of Almighty God, and that the doctrines supported shall be the same as were embodied and maintained by the early settlers of the country, and which are now known as orthodox or evangelical, being the same as said Society did at that time openly profess. Said lease is dated April 6, 1831, the terms of which are that the sum of twenty dollars rent shall be paid upon the delivery of the lease, and afterward the sum of one cent for each and every year during the existence of said lease. The Society chose Deacon John Jacobs and Mr. Abel Taylor as their agents to execute the foregoing lease with Mr. Duren, both of whose names are embodied in the indenture as the authorized agents of the Societj?^ for that purpose. Previous to the erection of the church edifice Sabbath services had for some time been regularly maintained in private homes. Various clergymen, seventy-seven in all, according to the church records, had supplied one or more Sabbaths. It was on April 22, 210 HISTORY OF CARLISLE 1833, at a regular meeting of the church and Society, that a unanimous vote was passed to call the Rev. Abel Patten to settle with them in the Gospel ministry. The call concludes with the following terms and conditions: "And that you may be in a good measure free from worldly cares and avocations, we as a church and society do hereby promise and oblige ourselves to furnish you with board, a room, fuel, hghts, &c., the use of horse and chaise when necessary, and to pay you annually in addition to one hundred dollars from the Domestic Mis- sionary Society, the sum of two hundred dollars in regular quarterly payments, during a period of two years." The foregoing call was accepted by Rev. Abel Patten and an ecclesiastical council was convened at the home of Deacon Jacobs on May 22. Seven churches were represented in the council by pastor and delegate. The proceedings of the church and the examination of the candidate being concluded, and proving satisfactory to the council, it was voted to adjourn to the house of public worship, where the public exercises of the installation were observed and Rev. Abel Patten was installed the first pastor of the new church and Society. The pastorate of Rev. Mr. Patten continued until September 29, 1835, when because of the inability of the church and Society to raise a competent salary for his support, at his own request an ecclesiastical council was convened and a dissolution of the pastoral relationship was recommended and accomplished. The second pastor settled over the church and Society was Rev. Preserved Smith. He was the unan- imous choice of the church, and their action relative to finances follows: "Voted to give you four Hundred Dollars a year for your Sallary allowing you as many Sabbaths Annually as we may fail to make up that amount." The call was accepted, and arrangements UNION CALVINISTIC CHURCH 211 made for the installation, which took place August 31, 1836. During Rev. Mr. Smith's pastorate, in the fall of the year 1837, the church was enlarged and certain repairs were made; the money for the purpose was obtained principally by subscription, the pastor subscribing one hundred and twenty-five dollars, and lesser amounts were given by members of the Society. John Jacobs, Abel Taylor, Abel Taylor, Jr., Capt. Aaron Fletcher and Mr. Asa P. Adams were the committee in charge. On August 28, 1843, after a seven-years pastorate in Carlisle, and at his own request, Mr. Smith's pastoral relations were dissolved by the action of an ecclesiastical council. On June 28, 1845, a letter of acceptance was sent to the Union Calvinistic Church by Rev. George W. Thompson, in reply to a call previously received by him from the church committee desiring that he become their pastor. An ecclesiastical council was convened on July 16, 1845 and Rev, George W. Thompson was installed the third pastor of the church and Society. His annual salary was four hundred dollars, with three or four Sabbaths' vacation. Mr. Thompson had previous to his coming to Carlisle preached in the town of Dracut and the Dracut church urgently requested that he resume his labors among them. The Carlisle church, considering the circumstances, consented to release him, and his pastoral relations in Carlisle were dissolved by an eccle- siastical council convened September 2, 1847. Rev. Seth W. Banister was installed the fourth pastor of the church and Society April 27, 1848, and it was during the first year of his pastorate that the Society built a parsonage at a cost of nearly seventeen hundred dollars and paid down the sum of six hundred dollars, raised principally by subscription, leaving a balance of eleven hundred dollars, which was subsequently raised 212 HISTORY OF CARLISLE by subscription and paid. The building committee were appointed February 9, 1848, at a legally called meeting, and included Rev. S. W. Banister, Abel Taylor, Jr., and Simon T. Fletcher. The site selected for the parsonage was a few yards north of the Central Burial Ground and on the west side of what is known as the Lowell Road. The buildings included a two-story house and small barn, located within an enclosure containing half an acre of land more or less, which was purchased for the purpose from the late Benjamin Barrett for the sum of eighty-five dollars. In the year 1850 the Society paid for the purpose of support- ing a singing-school the sum of fifty-six dollars. During the month of January in the year 1851 a church bell weighing 852 pounds was purchased at a cost of two hundred and thirteen dollars, being at the rate of twenty-five cents per pound, which, with an added expense of thirty-five dollars for hanging, was placed in position on the church. "On Tuesday, July 23, 1850, at the funeral of his mother, was baptised William Stevens, son of Rev. S. W. Banister." The item, copied from the church records, would indicate that Mr. Banister's wife died during his Carlisle pastorate, and also indicates the date of her funeral, but no account of her decease appears in the records. The pastoral labors of Rev. Mr. Banister for the Carlisle church terminated by his own request in the fall of the year 1852. The Rev. John Lawrence providentially came to Carlisle in January 23, 1853, to preach for a single Sabbath. He appears to have given general satisfaction to the church and Society who continued his services until March 10, on which date they gave him a call to settle with them and become their resident and permanent spiritual leader, at a salary of four hundred dollars and UNION CALVINISTIC CHURCH 213 parsonage, and a vacation of four Sabbaths annually On IMarch 30, Mr. Lawrence accepted the call, and it was on May 5, 1853, that an ecclesiastical council con- vened and Mr. Lawrence was installed the fifth pastor of the church and Society in accordance with the cus- tomary program. On September 24, 1856, which was during the pastorate of Mr. Lawrence, a meeting of the Society was held at the church, previous to which a subscription paper had been circulated for the purpose of raising funds to cancel the debt incurred by the building of the par- sonage. Sufficient funds had been raised for the purpose, largely through the efforts of the pastor. There were thirty entries on the list, those amounting to fifty dollars or more being as follows: Rev. John Lawrence, $100; Simon T. Fletcher, $500; Abel Taylor, Jr., $125; Aaron Fletcher, $100; Harris Bingham, $50; John Jacobs, $50; Mrs. Sarah Taylor, $50. Twenty-three entries, ranging from ten to twenty-five dollars each, totaled $332; the entire subscription totaled $1307, and the debt was paid. At this meeting it was '"voted that the society does gratefully acknowledge the favor of Divine Providence in the recent successful effort made to relieve it of debt, and that the Parsonage shall be held, and the use and benefit be applied only and solely for the support of strictly evangelical preaching, and that if ever the church or society shall not need the parsonage for the support of the Gospel Ministry as above stated, and shall vote to sell the same, the money subscribed to pay for same shall be returned in due proportion to the subscribers or their heirs, according to the sum obtained by the sale." The names of subscribers and amounts subscribed appear in the church records. An exchange had been arranged between Rev. Mr. Lawrence and Rev. Joseph Garland of Acton, for Sunday, 214 HISTORY OF CARLISLE March 26, 1859, and during the service Rev. Mr. Garland read Mr. Lawrence's resignation as pastor of the CarHsle church. On March 30, at a church meeting, plans were perfected for calling a council, which convened April 5, 1859, and came to the conclusion that it was expedient that the pastoral relations be dissolved because of inade- quacy of support. The following is copied from the church records, having been recorded during Rev. John Lawrence's pastorate: "October 16, 1858. The funeral of Mr. John Dana Robbins at the Meeting House, age 49 years, weight 430 or more pounds." On June 8, 1859, the church and Society joined in extending a call to Rev. Josiah Ballard to become their pastor. The compensation named in the call was an annual salary of six hundred dollars and parsonage, allowing a vacation of two Sabbaths. Mr. Ballard's letter of acceptance was dated June 25, and services of installation were held in the church September 15, 1859. Mr. Ballard appears to have been a very acceptable pastor, but his earthly labors were suddenly terminated, according to the following quotation from the church records: "Dec. 12, 1863. Our beloved pastor Rev. Josiah Ballard, deceased." Mr. Ballard had the respect and good will, not only of his own church and Society, but of all persons who knew him, without regard to sect. The decease of his wife occurred about a year prior to his own. Both were buried in Carlisle, their remains being subsequently exhumed and carried to New Hampshire. The first bell used and owned by the Society since the year 1851 was cracked or injured, and at the annual parish meeting held April 7, 1864, Messrs. George F. Duren and Albert Boynton were chosen a committee to 4 UNION CALVINISTIC CHURCH 215 dispose of same, which they did previous to the following August, for the sum of thirty-eight cents per pound, or a total of $302.48. Owing to the advance in the price of metal caused by the Civil War, this amount netted the Society the sum of $89.48 more than was paid for the bell when it was new. The bell was not replaced until the year 1866, when at an expense of $357.83 a new one was put in its place. This bell, however, did not last long, for at a meeting of the Society called for September 7, 1867, Mr. Nathaniel Hutchinson was chosen as a com- mittee and authorized to procure subscriptions for the purpose of procuring a new bell in place of the present one, now broken. The provisions of the vote were carried out, and the bell then procured is the one in use at the present time (1920). The next pastor called by the church and Society was the Rev. William H. Dowden, who was installed February 13, 1866. Mr. Dowden and Rev. Leonard Luce of Westford arranged an exchange for Sunday, December 13, 1869, when Mr. Luce read a letter to the Carlisle church from their pastor, requesting them to unite with him in convening a council to consider the matter of dissolving the pastoral relations existing between them. The pastor's resignation was accepted by the church, and the council assembled December 28, 1869, and advised the dissolution. During the first year of Mr. Dowden's pastorate extensive repairs were made upon the church building, costing in the aggregate $907.08, which amount was raised by subscription and paid during the year. The repairs mentioned included painting and shingling the building, papering the interior, cushioning the pews, carpeting the floor, providing new stoves and lamps, and placing a new bell in the belfry, of whicli mention has previously been made. 216 HISTORY OF CARLISLE The eighth and last pastor to be installed over the church and Society was Rev. Moses Patten. The call was issued on September 29, 1870, the consideration was to be an annual salary of eight hundred and fifty dollars, the use of the parsonage, and two weeks' vacation. The service of installation took place at the church October 27, 1870, and the parts in the service were assigned as follows: Invocation, Brother B. S. Adams, Andover. Scripture Reading, Rev. Edward Chase, Bedford. Prayer, Rev. John Lawrence. Sermon, Rev. C. R. Bliss, Wakefield. Installing Prayer, Rev. E. Loomis, Littleton. Charge to the Pastor, Rev. A. S. Hudson, Burlington. Right hand of Fellowship, Rev. W. H. Dowden, Lunenburg. Address to the People, Rev. Daniel Phillips, Chelmsford. Benediction. Pastor. Rev. Mr. Patten, having previously handed in his letter of resignation as pastor of the Carlisle church, a council was called on December 8, 1875, to consider the expediency of severing the pastoral relations, with the result "that the resignation be finally accepted, and the pastor dismissed according to his request." Following Mr. Patten, the Rev. Asa Mann of Raynliam, Mass., was hired by the church and Society and preached about one year at a salary of nine hundred dollars, coming weekly to town from his home in Raynham to supply the pulpit each Sabbath. Rev. F. M. Sprague, who resided in Chelmsford Center, was next hired in connection with the Congregational Church of Chelms- ford, at an annual salary of twelve hundred dollars, and preached on Sabbath forenoons for the church in Carlisle, and in the afternoon for the church in Chelmsford. This arrangement continued to exist for a term of three years, UNION CALVINISTIC CHURCH 217 and it was on May 25, 1879, that Mr. Sprague preached his farewell sermon. During his ministry the churches in Carlisle and Chelmsford eacli paid the sum of $375 annually, and the remaining $450 was paid by the Home Missionary Society. Rev. James Walker of West Chelmsford was next hired by the church and Society, preaching his first sermon in the Carlisle Church, June 1, 1879, and his last July 8, 1888. During this pastorate he lived in West Chelmsford and made week-end trips to attend the Friday evening prayer meetings, staying over for the Sabbath services. He was of Scotch descent, of a kind and sympathetic nature, beloved by his church and Society and all who knew him. The following is copied from the church records: "July 16, 1888. Rev. James Walker, our beloved and faithful pastor, died at his home in West Chelmsford this A.M." He was of a rugged and robust build, was eighty years of age, but in appearance much younger. His portrait decorates the walls of the church and was presented by his daughter. Miss Janet Walker. His funeral service at West Chelmsford, and a memorial service in the Carlisle church on the Sabbath following his funeral, were conducted by his friend and acquaint- ance of long standing, the Rev. Robert Court of Lowell. During the pastorate of Rev. James Walker, in the year 1882, the church building was thoroughly repaired at an expense of seventeen hundred dollars, all but seven hundred and fifty dollars of which was raised by sub- scription. New colored glass windows were substituted for the old ones, the interior was kalsomined and papered, three appropriate mottoes were placed on the wall back of the pulpit, a modern pulpit supplanted the old desk, and new furnishings throughout were supplied. The position for the choir was changed from the end of the 218 HISTORY OF CARLISLE church opposite the pulpit, to the north side of the pulpit platform, a new carpet and chandelier were purchased, and new movable seats replaced the old pews. Ten feet was added to the east end of the building. The old belfry was removed, and a symmetrical spire was erected in its place. The entire building was painted inside and out. The committee on the repairs were Mr. Nathaniel Hutchinson, Deacon H. Prescott, Mr. Arthur Page, Miss Alice M. Jones and Mrs. Henry Spaulding, who turned over to the church and Society the building thus remodelled, and on Sunday, August 20, 1882, services of re-dedication were observed. Rev. James Walker preached the morning sermon, and the dedicatory address was delivered in the afternoon, in the presence of a crowded house, by Rev. Russell H. Conwell of Lexington. Rev. Joseph Hammond, of Kingston, N. H., sup- plied the pulpit for two Sabbaths in April, 1889, as a candidate, and proved so satisfactory that he was hired to continue, commencing his labors as pastor on May 5, 1889. He moved to Carlisle with his wife and family and occupied the parsonage receiving, in addition to the use of the parsonage, an annual salary of seven hundred dollars. On May 27, 1894, after a five-years pastorate in Carlisle, Mr. Hammond closed his labors here, after having tendered his resignation and given three months' notice, and accepted a call to the Congregational Church in Hancock, N. H. During the year ending March 31, 1890, the Society treasurer received from John E. Bull, executor of the will of the late Abel Taylor, what was to be known as the Taylor fund, investments amounting to $7213.20, the income to be used by the church and Society toward the support of orthodox preaching. During the summer of 1894 Rev. Lyman B. Mevis of East Douglas, Mass., occupied the pulpit four Sabbaths, CARLISLE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH 219 preaching as a candidate; he proved satisfactory and was hired at an annual salary of seven hundred dollars and parsonage. He moved to town, occupying the parsonage, and commencing his pastoral labors October 7, 1894. In the year 1895, largely through the efforts of the pastor, the interior of the church was improved by new paper, new lamps, new stove, and a platform con- structed for the church organ. The entire cost was about one hundred and thirty dollars which was raised by subscription. On February 13, 1898, Rev. W. F. Bacon of Medford occupied the pulpit both morning and evening. At the close of the morning sermon he read a letter of resignation from the Carlisle pastor. Rev. Lyman B. Mevis, to take effect on or before June 1, 1898, at the pleasure of either party. It was, however, on August 14, 1898, when Mr, Mevis preached his farewell sermon and closed his labors in Carlisle. Following Mr. Mevis' pastorate, four different clergymen supplied the pulpit as candidates until October 24, 1898, on which date a meeting of the church and Society was held in the church for the choice of a pastor. The result of the first ballot was largely in favor of Rev. A. Herbert Armes, who accepted the call at an annual salary of seven hundred dollars and use of the parsonage, which he later occupied, and began his pastoral labors here December 1, 1898. Carlisle Congregational Church On January 8, 1903, a committee, including Rev. A. H. Armes, Deacon D. L. Chamberlin and Mr. ^Y. A. Prescott, were chosen to incorporate the church. On July 2, 1903, a meeting of the resident members of twenty- one years of age and upwards of the Union Calvinistic (Congregational) Church of Carlisle was held in the 220 HISTORY OF CARLISLE church to organize for the purpose of incorporation. The meeting was called to order by Herbert P. Dutton, the signer of the call, Daniel L. Chamberlin was elected temporary chairman, Herbert P. Dutton was elected clerk and sworn. It was voted to change the name from the Union Calvinistic Church to the Carlisle Congre- gational Church, and the by-laws as amended were adopted. Daniel L. Chamberlin was elected as modera- tor; George E. French was elected treasurer; D. L. Chamberlin, George E. French and Albert W. Davis were elected trustees. Herbert A. Lee was elected auditor; D. L. Chamberlin and Herbert P. Dutton were elected deacons; Herbert P. Dutton, Herbert A. Lee and Sidney A. Davis were elected ushers. The creed, covenant, and articles of faith were read and adopted. Charter No. 10165, dated July 22, 1903, was signed and issued by the Secretary of the Common- wealth, and the latter date indicates the birth of the Society under its new name, and the officers named above were the first to serve the new Society. At the annual meeting of the church, held January 11, 1905, a letter was read by the church treasurer from Mr. James E. Melvin, telling of his gift of one thousand dollars to the church, the income from which was to be applied toward church expenses. A vote of thanks was unanimously passed, and it was voted to accept the gift on the terms named by the donor. At a church meeting held October 23, 1905, a com- mittee previously appointed reported that a parcel of land south of the meeting-house, and running parallel with the road, suitable for the erection of ten horse-sheds, could be purchased for twenty-five dollars. The com- mittee were instructed to purchase the land, pass a sub- scription paper for funds and if the result was satisfactory to go ahead and build the sheds, which they did. CARLISLE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH 221 At the annual meeting of the Society, held April 9, 1898, Article IV in the warrant was: "To see what action the Parish will take in regard to a certain sum of money now in Middlesex Institution for Savings to the credit of the Society." It was "voted that the Society set this .sum, one hundred dollars, apart as a permanent fund for the benefit of the Society, to be known as the Duren Fund." At the same meeting a letter was read from Mr. John E. Bull, of Billerica, donating the sum of $765 to the Society. A testimonial of appreciation was read by the pastor, Rev. Lyman Mevis, and it was "Resolved that we accept the sum so given, the same to be invested according to his wishes as a permanent fund; also that we extend to him our sincere thanks." Also at the same meeting it was "voted that the treasurer receive the legacy from the Estate of the late Mrs. Joanna Gleason and invest the same according to the conditions of the will." The amount of this legacy was five thousand dollars, the income from which is to be used for church expenses. On August 19, 1898, the Union Calvinistic Society received from the executor of the will of the late jNIrs. Fidelia Wheeler of Acton, Mass., a legacy of one hundred dollars, and at a meeting of the Society held on April 8, 1899, voted to accept the legacy with thanks, and also to appropriate the amount toward paying the general expense of the parish. During the year 1899 a new well was dug and stoned up at the parsonage, at an expense including piping of $93.69; the amount of this bill was paid by two persons, members of the church. A special meeting of the Union Calvinistic Society was held in the church on Thursday, April 21, 1904. The matter under consideration was to see if the Society would transfer its property and funds to the Carlisle Congregational Church. It was "Voted that the Society 222 HISTORY OF CARLISLE take such action as will transfer its property, and any property that it may receive hereafter, to the Carlisle Congregational Church." This action was taken under two votes, one authorizing the transfer of all the real estate, and another authorizing and directing the transfer of all the personal property, moneys and securities in the hands of George E. French, treasurer, and D. L. Chamberlin, trustee, to George E. French, treasurer of the Carlisle Congregational Church. This action was doubtless taken to simplify matters, as what was orig- inally known as the Union Calvinistic Church had recently been incorporated as the Carlisle Congregational Church;, and probably assumed all the business originally trans- acted by the church and Society. During the year 1905 a number of horse-sheds were erected south of the church and parallel with the highway, at an exp'ense of $279.09; the funds were provided largely by subscription, an additional amount of fifty dollars being paid for land. On Sunday, November 18, 1906, an exchange was arranged, and Rev. David C. Torrey of Bedford preached at the Carlisle church. At the close of his sermon he read the resignation of Rev. A. Herbert Amies, who had been pastor of the church for the preceding eight years. A meeting of the church was called for November 26, at which it was voted to request the pastor to reconsider his resignation, and Mr. W. A. Prescott was chosen to consult with him regarding the matter, to report at an adjourned meeting the next day. Mr. Armes stated at this meeting that he had given the request that he recon- sider the matter of his resignation very careful thought, but taking all things into consideration he felt that he must adhere to his original decision. It was then voted that his resignation be accepted, and the following testimonial, read by Mr. William A. Prescott, was adopted: CARLISLE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH 223 "Whereas it has seemed best that the pastoral relations of the Rev. A. Herbert Amies to the Carhsle Congre- gational Church be now closed after eight years of faithful service, the members of said church, desiring to show their appreciation of the efficient labors of both Mr. and Mrs. Arnies in all the departments of church work, give this testimonial. We heartily commend their work and influence both in the church and community, and feel that their removal will mean a distinct loss to all. We wish both Mr. and Mrs. Armes much success and happi- ness in their new field of labor." Mr. Amies' call came from Westminster, Worcester County, Mass., to which place he soon removed. A number of candidates supplied the pulpit for about six months, among whom was Rev. Philip A. Job. On June 4, 1907, a church meeting was called to consider the choice of a pastor. It was voted that a ballot be taken for this purpose which resulted as follows: Whole number of ballots cast was eighteen; Mr. Job had eighteen and was unanimously chosen. It was voted that he be paid an annual salary of eight hundred dollars and that he have the use of the parsonage, and be allowed two weeks' vacation. On Sunday, July 21, 1907, Mr. Job began his work as pastor of the church. During the latter year the parsonage was painted at a cost of sixty dollars. The residence of the late Abel Taylor, who left his property on his decease to the Congregational Church in Carlisle, was sold by the trustees of the church property to Capt. H. W. Wilson for seven hundred dollars. The deed was signed by the three trustees on June 17, 1909. For a number of years the idea of building a vestry or chapel in connection with the Congregational Church building had been under consideration by those who worshipped there. At the annual business meeting of 224 HISTORY OF CARLISLE the church held on January 5, 1910, it was "Voted that a building committee of five be appointed, having authority to solicit and receive subscriptions and funds to be used in the erection of a vestry; and to secure plans for said building, to be acted upon at a business meeting of the church." The following committee were elected: Mrs. W. B. Chamberlin, Mrs. Nettie Davis, Mrs, Lucy R. Davis, Rev. Philip A. Job and Herbert A. Lee. At the annual business meeting of the church held January 5, 1911, the vestry building committee reported that they had procured plans from architect Edwin R. Clark, of Chelmsford, for the proposed addition to the church edifice, to cost approximately two thousand dollars. Pledge cards had been circulated among the church people and friends, with the result that cash sub- scriptions had been received amounting to $535, and pledges of $200, which added to an original fund of $350, made a total of $1085 available. On April 26 a business meeting of the church was held, when it was voted to accept the two-story plan, with minor modifications, that had previously been con- sidered, and that they proceed to build the chapel addition as soon as they had the necessary funds or pledges for the same. There was a special meeting of the church members called for Monday evening, June 5, 1911, to hear the report of the vestry committee, and to choose a building committee. At this meeting it was "voted that a committee of three be elected to serve as a building committee." This committee were elected by ballot, as follows: Warren B. Chamberlin, Daniel L. Chamberlin and Rev. Philip A. Job. The plan adopted was for a two-story chapel built as an addition to the church, and in order that the lower story should be entirely above ground, the church was raised about four feet. Authority for doing this was CARLISLE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH granted at a special meeting of the church called for August 7, 1911. At the same meeting the committee were instructed to have the church and chapel addition wired and supplied with fixtures for electric lights. The construction of the new chapel was completed in February, 1912, twenty-five months after the first definite action was taken and the first committee chosen. The service of dedication was observed in the church on Wednesday, March 6, 1912, commencing at 10.30 a.m. and continued all day, with the following program. Forenoon Organ Voluntary, Gounod's "Marche Romaine." Anthem, "Rejoice, Give Thanks and Sing" (Adams) Church Quartet. Address of V^elcome, Deacon D. L. Chamberlin. Historical Address, Rev. Philip A. Job. Greetings from the First Parish Church, Rev. Granville Pierce. Remarks, Rev. W. J. Batt, Concord Junction. Letters read from Rev. Joseph Hammond, a former pastor and Rev. Martin Lovering, a former resident. At 12.30 the ladies o| the church served a dinner in the new dining room, which received appreciative comments from the guests. Afternoon Organ Prelude, Richard G. Smith, Boston. Anthem of the morning by special request. Prayer, Rev. E. C. Hayes, Acton. Violin Solo, "Berceuse from Jocelyn" (B. Godard) Prof. Ashton Lewis. Responsive Reading, Led by Rev. David C. Torrey, Bedford. Delivery of Keys, by Rev. Philip A. Job, on behalf of the Building Committee. 226 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Accepted by Deacon D. L. Chamberlin, on behalf of the Trustees. Original Dedication Poem by Mrs. Lucy Roby Davis, Read by Miss Esther Olsen. Solo, "Hold Thou My Hand, O Lord" (C. S. Briggs) Miss Grace H. Chamberlin, With violin obbligato by Professor Lewis. Dedication Sermon, Rev. Smith Baker, D.D., Lowell. Violin Solo, "Whisperings" {original) Professor Lewis. Prayer of Dedication, Rev. Philip A. Job. Doxology. Benediction. The exercises were inspiring and helpful, and were attended not only by the townspeople but by a good number from Boston, Lowell and the surrounding cities and towns. Mrs. Mary A. Reynolds of Carlisle presented the church with an ornamental pulpit set, and Mrs. Emma F. Vinton of Winchester gave a Bible for the pulpit. The chapel addition is as large as the church and contains on the ground floor a dining room or social hall, seating about seventy, a large, light aind convenient kitchen, furnace-room, coatroom, and closets. The second floor, on a level with the church, is occupied by primary classroom, library and main Sunday School room, connecting with the church by a sliding partition. The building is attractively finished in natural wood. A furnace is installed and the entire building equipped with electric lights. Much credit was due to the members of the building committee for their faithful work and especially to the pastor, Rev. Philip A. Job, who in all ways was tireless in his efforts. The final report of the building committee was rendered at the annual business meeting of the church held January 8, 1913, and was as follows: "The building CARLISLE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH 227 committee elected at the business meeting of the church June 5, 1911, met and organized as follows: Chairman, D. L. Chamberlin; secretary, Rev. Philip A. Job. The committee called for and received bids on the plans of E. R. Clark accepted by the church. After careful con- sideration the several contracts were let and the work of building began. The committee kept constant over- sight of the work, to see that it was properly done according to contract. The laying of the foundation was begun in August. The carpenters began work Septem- ber 25, 1911, and the whole work was completed in the following February. The chapel was dedicated March 6, 1912. The committee submit the following statement of work done and the cost." Architect's fee $25.00 Raising church 3'9" and moving sheds 230.00 Stone work, brick work and plastering 481.63 Carpenters' contract and extras 2,247.52 Miscellaneous 31.08 Painting outside of chapel and blinds of church, varnishing interior and finishing floor. ... 181.31 Furnaces for church and chapel 279.77 Electric lights, contract $104.50; lamps $13.50 118.00 Chairs for chapel 81.00 Piano 120.00 Total cost $3,795.31 The following communication explains itself. "To the Old South Society, Greeting: The Carlisle Congregational Church, at its annual meeting January 8, 1913, took the following action: Voted that we as a church send our sincere thanks to the Old South Society for the generous gift of five hundred dollars toward the building fund for our chapel. We have now occupied and used the new building for some 228 HISTORY OF CARLISLE months, and as we realize how much it increases the efficiency of the church we feel more and more grateful to those who helped us to secure it. That your Society and its work may be greatly blessed is our earnest and prayerful hope. Very sincerely, Deacon H. P. Button, Clerk.'' On March 31, 1913, the church received twenty-five dollars from Mr. Minot Davis, a former resident and church attendant, as the nucleus of a fund for installing pews in the church. Following, with the exception of the above, is a list of the funds owned by the church as reported by the church treasurer on December 31, 1913: Abel Taylor fund, $6609.18; Joanna Gleason fund, $5000; John Heald fund, $1000; Hermon Duren fund, $100; James E. Melvin fund, $1000; making a total of $13,709.18. On May 20, 1915, a special business meeting of the church was held, at which it was voted to dig a well near the church and pipe water from the same to a pump to be placed in the church kitchen. Also at this meeting it was "voted to accept the gift of a hardwood floor from the Christian Endeavor Society and extend to them a vote of thanks for the same." More than a year prior to this vote the church received from said society $112.50 in trust, which doubtless was intended for this purpose. On August 29, 1915, Rev. Philip A. Job read his resignation as pastor of the Carlisle church, to take effect October 1 following. Mr. Job was pastor at Carlisle for eight years, during which period the new chapel was built and repairs made that entailed an expense of upward of four thousand dollars; he was untiring in his oversight of the details until the work ISAAC DUREN LK.\SE 229 was done and the bills paid. His next pastorate was in Fall River, Mass., where he accepted a position as asso- ciate pastor at the Central Congregational Church. Following Mr. Job, Rev. J. Clarke Reilly supplied the pulpit for many Sabbaths, to the great satisfaction of the congregation. Other preachers were hired from Sabbath to Sabbath, until March 2, 1919, when Rev. Benson P. Wilkins, who was a resident of the town, was hired at an annual salary of one thousand dollars. The following is a list of deacons, and the order in which they served, chosen by the church since its organi- zation: John Jacobs, John Green, Joseph Heald, Harris Bingham, John W. Bruce, Benjamin S. Adams, Humphrey Prescott, Joseph Little, Samuel G. Bailey, John E. Bull, Daniel L. Chamberlin, George E. French, Herbert P. Button, Robert W. McAllister. On January 1, 1920, the church numbered seventy- three members in good and regular standing, twenty-eight male and forty-five female. Thirteen of this number are non-residents. Isaac Duren Lease The following is a copy of the lease of land to Carlisle Union Calvinistic Society: "This Indenture made this sixth day of April in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and thirty-one, by and between Isaac Duren of Carlisle in the County of Middlesex, yeoman, of the one part and the Union Calvinistic Society of Carlisle, being a religious Society in said town of Carlisle duly organized under the statutes of 1823, Chap. 106, of the other part, witnesseth. That the said Duren doth hereby lease and demise unto the said Union Calvinistic Society of Carlisle and its successors, a certain piece of land situated in or near the center of said Carlisle and bounded as follows, viz., 230 HISTORY OF CARLISLE beginning at a large stone at the northeasterly corner by the County road, thence running westerly by said road seven rods to a stake and stones thence running southerly five rods on said Duren's land to a stake and stones, thence running easterly seven rods to a stake and stones by the town road, thence running northerly six rods to the first mentioned point of beginning, being about a quarter of an acre more or less, or however other- wise bounded, with the privileges and appurtenances to the same belonging. To hold for the term of nine hundred and ninety-nine years from the day of the date hereof, the said Lessees, yielding and paying rent therefor the sum of twenty dollars on the making and delivery of this lease, & afterward the sum of one cent for each and every year dih'ing the existence of said lease, — the first payment to be made on the sixth day of April in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and thirty-two — And whereas the said Lessees, the Union Calvinistic Society of Carlisle, intend and have agreed to erect a building on said premises to be consecrated to the solemn worship of Almighty God — now this demise and conveyance is made by said Duren to the said society upon this express condition, that the said society shall erect such a house within two years from this date, and that they and their successors during the existence of this lease shall support the doctrines of the Gospel as they were embraced and maintained by the first settlers of this country, & which are now called Orthodox or Evangelical & which faith the said society do now openly profess and in case the said Society or its successors shall depart from the said faith and permit other doctrines to be preached and maintained in the said meeting house to be erected on the said premises, then and in such case this lease shall be forthwith determined and the said Lessor, his Heirs, executors, administrators or assigns may immediately i ISAAC DUREN LEASE 231 enter into and upon the said premises and expel the Lessees their Successors or assigns therefrom. And it is also covenanted and agreed by and between the said parties that in case the said Society shall hereafter be so far prospered as to feel it to be a duty to procure a larger house for public worship — now on the happening of such event, the said Lessees are hereby authorized to change the building to be erected by them on said granted premises into a private dwelling house or into a vestry and in which case when the same shall be made fit for the residence of a private family, and shall actually be inhabited or shall be used as a vestry, the said Lessees and their successors shall pay to the said Duren, his executors and administrators the sum of five dollars additional rent for the same to be paid on the same day during each and every year of the duration of said lease, but liable to forfeiture in the manner aforesaid in case the said society or its successors shall not perform the above condition in their other house of public worship in the maintenance of the same doctrines and the preach- ing thereof as aforesaid. And the parties do respectively covenant with each other and the respective representa- tives of each other for the faithful performance of the conditions and covenants herein contained. In witness whereof the said Duren hath hereunto set his hand and seal and the said society by John Jacobs and Abel Taylor their committee for that purpose duly authorized by said Society as their agents and attorneys have hereunto set their hands and the seal of said society to this and another instrument of the like tenor and date and year first above written. Signed, Sealed and Delivered Isaac Duren [seal] In the presence of John Jacobs [seal] Aaron Fletcher Abel Taylor [seal] Martin Jacobs. 232 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Middlesex s.s., April 11, 1831. Then personally appeared the within named Isaac Duren and Mary Duren his wife and acknowledged this Instrument to be their free act and deed before me, John Heald, Justice of the Peace. Middlesex s.s., April 12, 1831, Rec'd & Recorded by Wm. F. Stowe, Reg'r. Chapter XIX OLD HOME DAYS The Old Home Day feature was first observed by the town of Carlisle, July 31, 1912, and proved to be an occasion of general interest to the people of the town and to the native and adopted sons and daughters who had been called to other localities, but had now returned for the day's festivities at this beautiful season of the year. The stars and stripes were waving from the tall liberty pole on the Common, and the Soldiers' Monument on Monument Square was decorated with flags and flowers. The temperature was that of a good old summer day. At ten o'clock there was a parade, introducing various features, headed by the band from the County Training School at North Chelmsford. Lieut. E. S. Ricker was the chief marshal, and William F. Robbins carried the national colors. Following were automobiles and bicycles with dec- orations, an old-fashioned one-horse chaise and a band of Carlisle Indians, very realistic in their dress. The judges in making their awards decided as fol- lows: Best trade feature, J. S. Anthony, a float represent- ing the mason's trade; best local hit, George W. Hibbard, representing the milk industry; best novelty, Mrs. Edwin Currier, a baby riding among the corn stalks; best light hitch, Frank J. Biggi: worst appearing vehicle, Alfred Sargent, in the one-horse chaisfe. After the i)arade there was music by the band, and a general season of sociability. There were refreshment booths selling cold drinks and ice cream, and coffee was provided free during the noon hour, when a basket picnic 233 234 HISTORY OF CARLISLE was enjoyed in the grove. The afternoon was devoted to a series of sports on the Common. The general committee in charge were as follows : Rev. Granville Pierce, chairman; Anna Hanson, secretary; Frank J. Biggi, Ralph Gerow, Albert W. Davis, Herbert P. Dutton, Winifred Lee, George E. Wilkins, James H. Wilkins, Warren C. Duren, Netting O. Wilson. Six sub-committees had charge of the various features. The second Old Home Day was Tuesday, August 12, 1913. Music was furnished by the O. M. I. fife and drum corps of Lowell. "Now let the merriest tales be told. And let the sweetest songs be sung. That ever made the old heart young." The forenoon program was as follows: ten o'clock, parade, with prizes awarded for the following features: Best working team; best gentleman's driving team; automobile; float; novelty; trade exhibit. Other worthy exhibits received consideration. The chief marshal of the parade was Edson B. Robbins. Sporting features included putting the shot, standing broad jump, standing high jump, running broad jump, running high jump, potato races. There was a concert by the drum corps, and dinner was served at 12.30, with coffee furnished free to all. The afternoon program began at two o'clock and was as follows: Bicycle race for boys; fifty-yard dash for boys under ten years; seventy-five- yard dash for boys between ten and sixteen years; fifty- yard dash for girls; one-hundred-yard dash open to all; tug-of-war, captains E. B. Robbins and Charles Dunton; relay race for boys; slow driving race; three-legged race; sack races: milkmaids' contest. First and second prizes were awarded. The general committee consisted of Rev. Granville Pierce, chairman; George E. Wilkins, H. W. Wilson, OLD HOME DAYS 2S5 E. B. Rose, W. B. Chamberlin, Warren C. Duren, Her- bert P. Dutton. There were nine sub-committees. The third Old Home Day was observed Thursday, August 20, 1914. '"This fond attachment to the well-known place Whence first we started into life's long race Maintains its hold with such unfailing sway We feel it e'en in age, and at our latest day." The morning program began at 9.30 o'clock and included: Ball game; one-huhdred-yard dash free for all; seventy-five-yard dash for boys under fifteen years of age; fifty-yard dash for boys under ten years of age; seventy- five yard dash for girls, free for all; running high jump; standing broad jump; standing high jump; putting the shot; potato race for girls; tug-of-war for young men under twenty years, captains Oscar E. Pedersen and Charles S. Davis; milk can contest for women; milk can contest for men. Prizes were awarded in the various events and entertainment was furnished by Ray Newton the magi- cian. There was music at intervals by the band, and basket lunch was enjoyed at 12.30. The program of the afternoon included addresses by Gov. David I. Walsh, Senator Edward Fisher and others. Mrs. Dorothy Berry Carpenter gave several readings. The committee this year was: President, Dr. George P. Towle; vice-president, Herbert A. Lee; secretary, Edmund L. French; treasurer, George G. Wilkins. The tourth Old Home Day celebration was observed Friday, August 20, 1915. "Breathes there a man with soul so dead, Who never to himself hath said, 'This is my own, my native land!' Whose heart hath ne'er within him burn'd, As home his footsteps he hath turn'd. From wandering on a foreign strand!" 236 HISTORY OF CARLISLE The morning program included a fine parade, with prizes for the best features, followed by general sports. There was music by the North Chelmsford Training School Band. At 12.30 dinner was furnished by R. J. Harvey, caterer, of Lowell, in the banquet hall of the First Parish Church. In the afternoon a large audience listened to an address of welcome, by Rev. Elvin J. Prescott; with addresses by Senator Charles A. Kimball of Littleton and Mr. Hall of Acton. There were also readings by Mrs. Belle Harrington Hall of Lowell. The committee in charge were: President, William Foss, Jr.; vice-president, James S. Anthony; secretary, Edmund L. French; treasurer, George G. Wilkins. These officers were assisted by eight committees. The fifth Old Home Day was observed on Monday, September 1, 1919, and was of more than usual interest because it was observed in connection with a reception tendered to the Carlisle soldiers and sailors returned from the World War. An added feature of the occasion was the patriotic decoration of the public buildings, churches and dwellings in the town, giving the town a holiday appearance befitting the main feature of the occasion. " 'Tis sweet to hear the watch-dog's honest bark. Bay deep-mouthed welcome as we draw near home; 'Tis sweet to know there is an eye to mark Om* coming, and look brighter when we come." The celebration began with the ringing of church bells and flag raising at sunrise, followed by a short service in the Unitarian Church. As usual, there was a ball game and parade, with concert by Pettiner's Orchestra of Waltham. Buffet lunch was served by R. J. Harvey, the caterer, in the banquet hall of the First Parish Church. In the afternoon, following a concert by the orchestra, OLD HOME DAYS 237 there was an able address delivered by Hon. Albert P. Langtry, Secretary of the Commonwealth. Then followed a musical program in the First Parish Church, a program of minor sports on the Common, tlic day concluding with an informal dance for the people of the town and their guests. The general committee was: President, William Foss, Jr.; vice-president, James S. Anthony; secretary, Edmund L. French; treasurer, George G. Wilkins. There were eight committees assigned to the various details of the day's proceedings. The ball game was a spirited contest between the married and single men, and was won by the former by a score of ten to eight. The parade was the main event of the morning and included some really novel features. Lieut. Edward S. Ricker, mounted on his cavalry steed, was chief marshal, and ably directed the movements of the long line. There was a good representation of the twenty World War veterans who had served to the credit of the town; there were also Grand Army veterans, in addition to the many features usually included in the parade. Miss Edna Currier won the first prize; Mr. B. F. Blaisdell the second; and Mrs. W. S. Barrett the third prize for decorated automobiles. The first prize for the best float feature was awarded to Mrs. Nettie O. Wilson, and the second prize to Mr. Sorli. The first prize for fea- tures on foot went to the women carrying the large American flag, and the second prize went to the fisher- men, who carried a string of native fish larger than usually seen. In the afternoon, at the First Parish Church, Mr. James H. Wilkins presided and introduced the speakers, including Hon. Albert P. Langtry, Rev. Edgar C. Abbott of Boston, and a former pastor of the church, and ]Mr. Simon B. Harris of Lowell. Tliey all held the closest 238 HISTORY OF CARLISLE attention of the audience, which completely filled the auditorium. Following the speaking was a musical pro- gram, including numbers by Mr. McCarthy and Miss Tora Pederson of Lowell, Mrs. Mason Bennett of Boston, Mrs. Leo L. Jones of North Adams, Miss Ruth L. Cham- berlin and F. E. Robbins of Carlisle. Chapter XX TOPOGRAPHY Carlisle, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, is bounded on the north by Chelmsford and Billerica; on the east by Billerica and Bedford; on the south by Con- cord; and on the west by Acton and Westford; and had assessed in the year 1917, 9886 acres of land. The loca- tion is considered extremely healthful and comfortable, being just far enough from the salt water to be properly tempered by the ocean breezes, but near enough to escape the extremes of heat or cold that locations farther inland experience. The contour of the landscape is typical of New England, being undulating or diversified with hill and dale, giving the section a pleasing variety of scenery that is not monotonous. Carlisle is an agricultural town, and the land gives good returns for the efforts of the husbandman. Being located but eighteen miles from Boston, and nine miles from Lowell, good markets are within easy access by team or truck. The mean altitude of the town is two hundred feet above sea level, that being the altitude of the center of the town. There are four hills in the town that attain altitudes as follows: School House Hill has an altitude of 240 feet; Bellow Hill in the southern part has an altitude of 260 feet; Wilkins Hill in the western part is 300 feet; and Wilson Hill in the eastern part is 380 feet. There are no natural ponds or lakes in the town large enough to receive a name. Tophet Swamp, a brushy and wooded 239 240 HISTORY OF CARLISLE marsh, occupies a central position in the area of the town, and has an altitude of one hundred and eighty feet above sea level; that really amounts to a divide, as all streams of water having their source on its northern border flow to the north, and those rising on its southern border flow to the south. River Meadow Brook (also later known as Hale's Brook, from the fact that one Moses Hale of Lowell, in 1790, erected a fulling mill on it at Lowell, and later other mills, where he carried on an extensive and varied busi- ness), has its source in Heart Pond, Chelmsford, and runs in a northeasterly course through Carlisle and Chelmsford, and empties into the Concord River in Lowell, at a point nearly west of Fort Hill Park. For many years subsequent to 1870, Mr. Almon B. Rose carried on the hoop business (sawing birch hoops used in strapping boxes) in a shop upon this brook in the north- erly part of Carlisle, for which the water of the brook furnished the motive power. About a half mile farther east on the same brook was a grist and sawmill owned and operated by Mr. Charles E. Adams. Spencer Brook rises west of the center of Carlisle and is fed by a branch rising north of Bellow Hill, and runs in a southwesterly direction through Carlisle and Concord, its waters finally reach the Concord River. For twenty years or more subsequent to 1870 there was a hoop factor}^ on this brook, owned and run by Mr. Nathan Buttrick and sons. Page's Brook rises in Tophet Swamp in Carlisle and runs in a southerly direction, thence in a northeasterly direction and empties into the Concord River in South Billerica; this stream formerly supplied water power for Green's sawmill, a half mile east from Carlisle Center, and farther east in Carlisle was the motive power for Capt. Thomas Page's gristmill, in consideration of which TOPOGRAPHY 241 it was named Page's Brook. Captain Page purchased and occupied what was originally the Solomon Andrews farm, on which the mill was located, about the year 1830, and may have erected the mill himself. It is known that it was operated in his name from that date until August, 1860, when he died, and was not used for mill purposes after that time. Mr. John Hodgman was employed by Captain Page to grind the grain, and during the winter season was at the mill day and evening. The mill was taken down about the year 1885, and the two millstones that remained were sold and removed about 1917. The Concord River is the boundary line between Carlisle and Bedford, and furnishes for Carlisle a mile and a half of river frontage. After living in Carlisle for a period of twenty-two years, and in consideration of opinions formed from experi- ence and observations, the author earlier in this article made the following assertion relative to its climate and kindred health conditions: "The location is considered extremely healthful and comfortable." A quotation from a Lowell newspaper, written twenty years earlier, by another hand, provides unimpeachable evidence of the truth of the assertion: "Carlisle has something of a record in golden wed- ding anniversaries during the past nine years. Notably, July 6, 1893, was the fiftieth anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. George F. Duren. In less than a year, April 14, 1894, the golden wedding of Mr. and Mrs. Nathaniel Hutchin- son. Mr. Duren and Mrs. Hutchinson were brother and sister and lived side by side. September 20, 1895, was celebrated the golden wedding of Mr. and jNIrs. Horace N. Wilson. On June 14, 1899, was the sixtieth wedding anniversary of Dr. and ]\lrs. Austin jNIarsh; December 25, 1901, Mr. and Mrs. Amos K. Baldwin; May 10, 1902, Mr. and Mrs. Oilman Nickles; and June 10, 1902, Mr. 242 HISTORY OF CARLISLE and Mrs. George W. Wilkins. Four of the number have joined "the innumerable throng," while ten still live, the evidence of life and health conditions in Carlisle condu- cive to longevity." In the early existence of the town no mortality records were kept. From the year 1800 to 1826 the first pastor of the town. Rev. Paul Litchfield, regularly recorded the deaths as they occurred. Culling from his records we find the following list of persons who lived to the age of ninety years or more, which appears to be a remarkably good showing for a town of six hundred population: 1800. April 19, Jonathan Spaulding 95 years 1803. June 28, Wid. S. Fletcher 94 years 1807. September 11, Wid. R. Heald 90 years 1808. April 4, Wid. E. Nichols 94 years 1810. February 5, Wid. L. Spaulding 93 years 1812. December 22, Joseph Barrett 91 years 1815. January 21, William Wilson 94 years 1816. November 30, John Waters 98 years 1817. April 28, Wid. M. Parker 93 years 1819. September 23, Amos Kidder 90 years 1821. December 5, Wid. R. Monroe 99 years 1826. January 10, Isaac Wilkins 92 years 1826. November 17, Wid. L. Russell 95 years The Copper Mine The Carlisle copper mine was located on what is now (1920) known as the Captain Wilson estate and the Edward J. Carr estate, in the southerly part of the town, about a mile from the center. Henry N. Hooper & Com- pany, of Boston, church bell founders, were in charge of the work, which was carried on intermittently for a period of ten years from 1840. Major B. F. Heald, late of Carlisle, lived near the property, and was general super- TOPOGRAPHY 243 intendent during the entire period. A shaft was sunk to the depth of about two hundred and twenty feet, being the same depth as the height of Bunker Hill Monument in Charlestown. The ore was hauled to Boston for smelt- ing by ox teams, which proved so expensive that Hooper & Company who were the leading church bell founders and casters in the country at that time, decided to erect a smelter of their own on the property; but as the fumes from the smelter would injure vegetation, it became necessary for the company to purchase the adjoining farms in order to relieve them from the liability of paying damages. This they were unable to do, because of the excessive price charged by the owners of the land, and the idea was abandoned. Quite a little village sprang up in connection with the mining operations. There were four miners' dwell- ings, a shaft house, blacksmith shop, cookhouse, barn, and other buildings. One Abel Hodgman had a store on the Carr estate, near the road. The result of working the mine was fairly satisfactory, and probably furnished the company with the copper used in connection with their bell founding, and possibly more, but the industry was abandoned in 1849, upon the discovery of the Lake Superior copper mines in Michigan. Granite There are doubtless fine granite ledges in Carlisle. Three of the adjoining towns, have valuable ledges that are being worked: Acton, Westford and Chelmsford, Carlisle has a ledge in the westerly part of the town, near Carlisle station on the Old Colony Road, that fur- nished the base for the Minute Man Monument in Concord, which might be considered indicative of something better, being found at a greater depth. 2U HISTORY OF CARLISLE KEY TO CARLISLE TOWN PLAN 3 4 5 6 7, 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16, 17 18, 19 20, 21, 22, 23 24, 2.5, 26 27. 28. 29, 30, 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. W. Blaisdell 51. D. Hardy, Est. 52. N. S. Hutchins 53. S. B. Chamberlain 54. E. O. Robbins 55. H. Martin 56. I. B. Hall 57. A. Nickles 58. S. J. Nickles 59. G. Hay ward 60. School No. 4 61. Timothy Adams Miss J. Adams 62. Saw Mill 63. Mrs. O. E. Shurtleff 64. Mrs. O. Nickles 65. A. P. and A. Nickles 66. H. N. Wilson Town Farm L. W^ Hazelton Loren Kelley J. Hodgman Mrs. E. Wilkins Hoop Shop E. B. Rose E. B. Rose W. Hall D. Lane P. Sullivan, Est. G. Hodgeman N. A. Tavlor Mrs. W. Munroe E. E. Wilkins S. H. Robbins 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. Mrs. C. Richardson 84. T. Wilkins 85. School No. 3 86. J. Nones 87. C. Nickles 88. Mrs. Nickles 89. J. O. Dav 90. Mrs. L. A. Walker 91. A. Heald 92. J. W. Heald 93. S. Lovering 94. F. A. Page 95. M. Carter 96. W. C. Koford 97. C. H. Hutchinson 98. Mrs. S. A. Carter 99. A. A. Adams 100. G. H. Robbins 101. H. S. Scarlet 102. J. Simenson 103. School No. 2 104. Mrs. M. Parkhurst 105. H. W. Wilson 106. A. M. Dunn 107. Mrs. S. G. Bailey 108. Blacksmith Shop 109. Hoop Mill— 110. A. Buttrick 111. W^illiam H. Hood 112. W. Keniston 113. A. Larson 114. E. J. Carr 115. E. Sweenev 116. J. Swallow 117. E. Page 1 18. G. P. Nickles 119. School No. 1 120. L. M. Green H. Prescott 121. Cider Mill 122. Miss H. L. C. Green A. K. Baldwin 123. J. Long Bartholemew O'Neil 124. Mrs. E. M. G. Stearns 125. Mrs. E. M. G. Stearns 126. T. A. Green B. F. Blaisdell 127. E. S. Hutchins Saw Mill 128. C. Furbush 129. Mrs. L. Davis 130. Mrs. C. For bush J. Davis 131. M. Sexton 132. Mrs. S. L. Hammond 133. A. Duren 131. E. Jordan 135. V. Munroe 136. Mrs. F. R. Hatch 137. School No. 5 138. W. S. Lee 139. Asa Duren 140. J. P. Rounds 141. Hot House 142. G. F. French 143. Mrs. B. Ford M. Hanson A. Biggi G. S. Skelton E. Petersen L. Hodgman W. W. Morse C. E. Adams B. Shirtliff E. Cushing A. Hill Mrs. M. Duren W. B. Proctor Mrs. G. Marshall James Taylor A. Bovnton G. A. Hosley William Green William Green Mrs. Barrett Congregational Par- sonage S. T. Fletcher A. T. Munroe and B. E. Webster W'illiam Green, Corn House I. Blaisdell B. F. Blaisdell Ice House and Car- riage Shed S. A. and J. E. Bull — Store and Post Office A. Boynton, Res. Mrs. M. Green T. J. Green and J. W. Wilkins G. F. Duren Cider Mill N. Hutchinson J. Reynolds Unitarian Chiu-ch Congregational Church A. Taylor S. E. Scott P. Nickles J. Abbot G. W. Page Blacksmith Shop M. Lee /i/l/> 0^ C/ieL/3l^ TOH^A^J/Z/P * ... .i .... RS7TTT Pc^N OF Cot^MON Noilb Caslislb. Ce/wren BY. S. /?. Bull. .0/ 'JlxFiraH1eGtingHooi< 'jv .^ a Second Meeting Houit 7/ Drawn oy War.ren H.^annihg Officcs SoaH> Inc.- North BiLueRicA , Ma55 l305-i. Chapter XXI CARLISLE SOLDIERS IN THE WORLD WAR Following are the names and record of service of soldiers from Carlisle who served in the World War, as compiled by Mrs. Benson P. Wilkins of Carlisle: Charles A. Carr, Corporal, Co. A, 89th Infantry, 20th Division. Enlisted Aug. 1, 1918; discharged May 1, 1919. Fort Oglethorpe, Ga. Served in U. S. : Camp Sevier, four months, Fort Oglethorpe, five months. Charles S. Davis, Stable Sergeant, Supply Co., 104th Infantry, Co. I, 6th Mass. N. B. Enlisted April 13, 1917; discharged April 28, 1919, Camp Devens, Mass. Served in IT. S. : Camp Darling, Framingham, Mass.; Camp Devens, Ayer, Mass.; Camp Bartlett, Westfield, Mass. ; Camp Hill, Newport News, Va. Served in France : (battles) Chemin des Dames sector, Feb. 8 to March 20, 1918; Bois-Brule offensive, April 10 to 14; Marne salient, Pas Finis sector, July 4 to Aug. 1, 1918; Aisne-Marne offensive, July 18 to 23, 1918; St. Mihiel offensive, Sept. 12 to 15, 1918; Meuse-Argonne offensive, Oct. 14 to Nov. 11, 1918. Guisippi Donato, Private, F Co., 36th Reg. Infantry. Selective draft induction Aug. 1, 1918; discharged Dec. 1, 1918, Camp Devens, Mass. Served in U. S.: Camp Devens, Ayer, Mass., four months. Roscoe Everett Fadden, Private, 101st Engineer Train. Enlisted June 28, 1916; discharged April 28, 1919. Served in LT. S. : Camp Darling, Framingham, Mass.; Camp Devens, Ayer, Mass. Served in France: (battles) Chemin des Dames, Feb. 10 to March 21, 1918; 216 I CARLISLE SOLDIERS IN THE WORLD WAR 247 Toul sector, April 1 to June 26, 1918; Pas Finis sector, July 7 to July 15, 1918; Champagne-Marne offensive, July 15 to 18, 1918; Aisne-Marne offensive, July 18 to Aug. 1, 1918; Rupt sector, Sept. 2 to 12, 1918; St. Mihiel offensive, Sept. 12 to 16, 1918; Troyon sector, Sept. 16 to Oct. 12, 1918; Meuse-Argonne offensive to Nov. 11, 1918. Ralph A. Gerow, Private, Merchant Marine and Infantry. Enlisted (Merchant Marine), Sept. 13, 1918; selective draft induction, Oct. 23, 1918; discharged Dec. 23, 1918, Camp Dix, N. J. Served in U. S. : Camp Wheeler, Ga., two and one-half months. Camp Dix, N. J., one-half month. Harold W. Koford, Private, Medical Attachment. In selective draft, Sept. 5, 1918; discharged Jan. 29, 1919, Plattsburg, N. Y. Served in U. S.: Camp at Syracuse, N. Y., one and one-half months, Plattsburg, N. Y., three months. George Little, Jr., Corporal, Military Police, Mounted Branch. Selective draft induction, July 21, 1918; dis- charged, Jan. 28, 1919, Camp Devens, Mass. Served in U. S. : Camp Devens, Ayer, Mass., six months. James H. Lovering, Corporal, Coast Artillery Corps, 1st class gunner. Coast Defenses of Boston. Enlisted, Dec. 13, 1917; discharged Dec. 12, 1918, Camp Devens, Mass. Served in U. S. : Fort Andrews, Mass., Fort Banks, Mass., Fortress Munroe, Virginia. William Mernick, Wagoner, 20th Field Artillery, 5th Division. Selective draft induction, Oct., 1917; dis- charged July 22, 1919, Camp Devens, Mass. Served in U. S.: Camp Devens, Ayer, Mass.; Kelly Field, Texas; Camp McArthur, Texas; Camp Upton, N. Y. Served in England, en route, Luxemburg, five months, Germany, three months. Army of Occupation; France, seven months. (Battles) Verdun, :Meuse, St. Mihiel, both defense and 248 HISTORY OF CARLISLE offense, Vosges Mt. and Frapelle. Included in divisional decorations. Charles Robert Miller, Jr., Corporal, Engineer Truck, Co. 4, 23d Engineers. Enlisted Dec. 7, 1917; discharged July 17, 1919, Camp Devens. Served in U. S.: Camp Humphrey, Va., two months. Camp Lamb, Md., two months. Served in France, sixteen months: (battles) St. Mihiel, Aug. 25 to Sept. 20, 1918; Argonne-Meuse, Sept. 20 to Nov. 11, 1918. Frank Oscar Miller, Private, 1st class, 42d Brig., Hdq. Co., Coast Artillery Corps. Enlisted July 30, 1918; discharged Dec. 22, 1918, Camp Devens, Mass. Served in U. S., Fort Revere, Deer Island, Mass., two weeks; Fort Andrews, Mass.; Fort Banks, Mass.; Fort Strong, Mass.; Camp Eustis, Va. Special honor : "Sharp Shooters Medal." Ernest D. Peck, Private, Quartermaster Corps and 40th Co., Depot Brig. Selective draft induction Aug. 8, 1918; discharged Dec. 28, 1918, Scituate, Mass. Served in U. S. : Camp Devens, Mass., three months; Scituate Proving Grounds, two months. Edwin Petersen, Private, Co. D, 104th Infantry. Enhsted March 28, 1916; discharged April 28, 1919, Camp Devens. Served in U. S. : Camp Devens, Ayer, Mass.; Camp Darling, Framingham, Mass.; Camp Bart- lett, Westfield, Mass. Served in England and France. (Battles) Chemin des Dames, Feb. 10 to March 21, 1918; Toul sector, April 1 to June 26, 1918; Pas Finis sector, July 7 to 15, 1918; Champagne-Marne offensive, July 15 to 18, 1918; Aisne-Marne offensive, July 18 to Aug. 1, 1918; Rupt sector, Sept. 2 to 12, 1918; St. Mihiel offen- sive, Sept. 12 to 16, 1918; Troyon sector, Sept. 16 to Oct. 12, 1918; Meuse-Argonne offensive to Nov. 11, 1918. Wounded once, gassed once. Special honors: divisional championship in drill and tournament; also in Lorraine CARLISLE SOLDIERS IN THE WORLD WAR 249 Battle; regiment received citation; Co. D received two decorations. John Albert Petersen, Private, Co. D, 104th Infantry. Enlisted March 2, 1917; discharged Feb. 22, 1919, Camp Devens, Mass. Served in U. S.: Camp Westfield, Mass.; Camp Darling, Framingham, Mass.; Camp Devens, Aj^er, Mass.; Camp Upton, N. Y. and Newport News, Va. Served in France, eighteen months: (battles) Cha- teau-Thierry (wounded); Chemin des Dames, Feb, 10 to March 21, 1918; Toul sector, April 1 to June 26, 1918; Pas Finis sector, July 7 to 15, 1918; Champagne-Marne offensive, July 15 to 18, 1918; Aisne-Marne offensive, July 18 to Aug. 1, 1918; Rupt sector, Sept. 2 to 12, 1918; St. Mihiel offensive, Sept. 12 to 16, 1918; Troyon sector, Sept. 16 to Oct. 12, 1918; Meuse-Argonne offensive to Nov. 11, 1918 (nine months at the front). AYounded once. Received regimental citation, Co. D decoration. Paul Petersen, Corporal, 212th Engineers, 12th Divi- sion. Selective draft induction, July 22, 1918; discharged Jan. 22, 1919, Camp Devens, Mass. Served in U. S. : Camp Devens, Ayer, Mass., six months. Oscar E. Pedersen, Sergeant, Co. E, 312th Engineers, Pioneer and Construction Regiment. Selective draft induction, July 26, 1918; discharged June 25, 1919, Camp Dix, N. J. Served in U. S. : Camp Dix, N. J., two and one-half months. Morn Hill, England, ten days. France, Camp Hunt, five months and other smaller places five months. Raymond Eaton Sargent, Wagoner, 101st Engineer Train. Enhsted April 15, 1917; discharged April 28, 1919, Camp Devens, Mass. Served in U. S. : Camp Darl- ing, Framingham, Mass.; Camp Devens, Ayer, Mass. Served in France: (battles) Chemin des Dames, Feb. 10 to March 21, 1918; Toul sector, April 1 to June 26, 1918; Pas Finis sector, July 7 to 15, 1918; Champagne-Marne 250 HISTORY OF CARLISLE offensive, July 18 to Aug. 6, 1918; Rupt sector, Sept. 2 to 12, 1918; St. Mihiel offensive, Sept, 12 to 16, 1918; Troyon sector, Sept. 14 to Oct. 10, 1918; Meuse-Argonne offensive, Sept. 26 to Nov. 11, 1918. William R. Schoolcraft, Corporal, 9tli Machine Gun Battalion, Co. B, 3d Division. Enlisted July 25, 1917; discharged Feb. 28, 1919, Camp Devens, Mass. Served in U. S. nine months: Syracuse, N. Y., three months; Camp Greene, N. C, five months; Camp Merritt, N. J., Camp Stuart, Norfolk, Virginia. Served in France, nine months: (battles) Chateau-Thierry, Vesle drive, Metz, Verdun, second Battle of the Marne. Wounded at the Marne (two bullets); at Verdun (two bullets). Joseph Andrew Sorli, Private, Field Artillery. En- listed July 10, 1917; discharged Sept. 29, 1917, Camp Curtis Guild (medical discharge, tuberculosis). Served in U. S.: Camp Bartlett, New London, Conn.; Camp Curtis Guild, Boxford, Mass. Not contented to reimain out of the army, Mr. Sorli enlisted with the Canadians. His record follows: Joseph Andrew Sorli, Sapper, 13th Canadian Railway Troops. Enlisted Nov. 30, 1917; discharged, April 7, 1919, Montreal, Canada. Served in England, two months. Served in France, thirteen months; participating in all the battles from Amiens, France to Mons, Belgium. Slightly gassed, but recovered without hospital treatment. Waldo Danforth Wilson, 3d class Cook, Merchant Marine. Enhsted Oct. 11, 1918; discharged May 7, 1919, Boston, Mass. Served in U. S. waters: U.S.S. Meade; U.S.S. Gov. Dingley; U.S.S. Minnesota. VICTOIJIA l'AI{K. CARLISLE. KNCiLAM) .\L\l{Ki:i' l'L\( i;. ( AULISLK, KNCLAM) Chapter XXII CARLISLE, ENGLAND "Billerica, Mass., U. S. A., January 16, 1919. Town Clerk, Carlisle, Cumberland County, England. My Dear Sir: I am engaged at the present time in writing a history of the town of Carlisle, Massachusetts, which was incorporated as a district in 1754 and as a town in 180.5. The name was derived from Carlisle in Cumber- land County, England, the birthplace and early home of James Adams, said to have been banished from England by Oliver Cromwell for political offenses about 1640, and who was said to have been the first white man to settle within the limits of this district. Our Carlisle is not large in territory or in population, including in all about ten thousand acres of land, with a population of five hundred people. It is, however, very prettily diversified with hill and dale, and has for a por- tion of its eastern boundary the placid Concord River. It is strictly an agricultural community, and is located eighteen miles northwest from Boston. It was my privilege to live in the town for twenty- two years, during which period I became very much attached to it, and to its people, and carried on while there its principal mercantile business, besides being post- master for twenty years of the time. In July, 1878, I passed through your city while making a tour of England and a portion of Europe, and have very pleasant memories of Carlisle as seen from the car window. I am asking if you will not send me a little description of the senior town, its population, industries, 251 252 HISTORY OF CARLISLE people, location in the beautiful Eden valley, or any interesting information to be incorporated in my history. I shall appreciate the favor, and I know posterity will also. Thanking you in advance, and assuring you I shall be only too willing to reciprocate a similar favor, I am very truly yours, Sidney A. Bull." In response to the foregoing request, the author received a very courteous letter, and books of informa- tion, from which he has gleaned the following historic items. Carlisle, Cumberland County, England, stands on a gentle eminence almost surrounded by the rivers Eden, Caldew and Petteril, and in the midst of an extensive tract of fertile agricultural country in the north of Eng- land, and very close to the Scottish border. The city is one of great antiquity, and its recorded history is complete since the year 1092. It is the only city in England which bears a purely British name, and in addition is one of the oldest cathedral cities. Originally a Roman station, it was destroyed by the Danes in 875, and restored by William Rufus, who built the castle in 1092. He, or Henry I, encircled the town with a strong wall, a means of defense, which was later improved by King Stephen. The town was the scene of many struggles between the Scottish and English forces, and it was after the year 1745 that it was captured by the Duke of Cumberland, and after the final defeat of Prince Charles a number of his supporters were executed and their heads suspended on the city gates. Carlisle is served by seven of the leading English railways, and has a large and attractive railroad station. A system of electric tram ways, owned by a private com- CARLISLE, ENGLAND 253 pany, provides rapid transit within the city Hmits. Other municipal utilities, including gas, electricity and water, are supplied by the city; the two former furnish substan- tial profits, while the rates charged are comparatively low. There are many prosperous industries established in the city, including large engineering works, textile fac- tories, cotton bleaching, dye works, tin-box making, color printing, flour milling, biscuit works, felt hat works, carpet factory, iron foundries, tanneries, breweries and other lines. The park is bounded on the north by the River Eden, and is one of the most charming beauty spots to be found. In it is a handsome bandstand, where music is rendered during the summer evenings by the city bands. Cen- trally located is the city's venerable town hall, which, while possessing no architectural beauty, is enshrined in the memories of all who are natives of, or have long been residents in, the city. In front of the town hall is a large open space, locally known as the Old Market, and which on Saturdays is covered with stalls arranged with a remarkable assort- ment of goods and wares for sale. Here also takes place the hiring of agricultural servants, and on hiring days the market presents a wonderfully animated scene. In 1889 a new market, the finest covered market in the north of England, was erected at a cost of fifty-five thousand pounds. Here all the housewives of the city purchase their butter, eggs, poultry, fruit, flowers, etc., and the streets on market days are thronged with the womenfolk hurrying to and from the market with baskets of all descriptions. The three principal streets of the city, which branch off from the Old ^Market Place, are English Street, Scotch Street and Castle Street, each of which is wide and hand- 254 HISTORY OF CARLISLE some; the other streets are also airy and well laid out. At the foot of Castle Street is the old castle, already referred to and which is built of red stone. The site of the castle, overlooking the Eden, commands a wide out- look over the adjacent country. It still preserves its mihtary character, being the headquarters of what is known as the Border Regiment, so the visitor must not be surprised to find "Tommy Atkins" very much in evi- dence. The cathedral was commenced in 1092, and completed in 1101, since which time many changes have been made. One authority says it "is cruciform in shape, and has a square embattled tower one hundred and twenty-seven feet high rising over the intersection of the cross. The great east window as seen from within has been pro- nounced by many competent judges the finest decorated window in the kingdom. It measures sixty feet by thirty feet, contains nine lights, and is filled in the head with surpassingly rich flowering tracery; the windows of the side aisles also have a corresponding character." Among the attractions of Carlisle are a well-equipped library with reference and news rooms, an admirably furnished museum and interesting art gallery. The lend- ing library contains twenty thousand volumes, and the reference library over ten thousand. Carlisle offers great advantages for the education of the children of its residents. The schools are well housed, and have competent supervision. From the elementary schools, children may pass into the secondary schools, and thence on to the universities, under the control of the local education committee. In conclusion it may be said that the total area of the city is 4488 acres, and the population in 1914 was 52,497. Carlisle is 299 miles north of London. The motto on its coat of arms is, "Be just and fear not." CATHEDRAL, CARLISLE, EX(;LA.\D (•\S'n,i:. CAKLISLK. r.NCI.AM) CARLISLE, ENGLAND ^55 "When first I came to merry Carlisle Ne'er was a town sae sweetly seeming. The white rose flaunted o'er the wall, The thistled banners far were streaming." Chapter XXIII COLLEGE GRADUATES The following is a list of natives of Carlisle who have been college educated; the list may not be complete, although effort has been made to obtain all available records. Amos Spaulding, son of Zebulon Spaulding of Car- lisle, graduated from Dartmouth College in 1805 and settled in Andover, Mass., where he practiced law; for several years he was elected to the Massachusetts Legis- lature, serving in the House and also in the Senate. Asa Green, son of Zaccheus Green of Carlisle, gradu- ated from Williams College in 1807, and settled in Brattle- boro, Vermont, where he practiced law and also had the appointment of postmaster. Franklin Litchfield, son of Rev. Paul and Mary Litchfield, was born in Carlisle, August 18, 1790, and graduated from Harvard College in 1810. He studied medicine in Charleston, S. C, with the celebrated Dr. Ramsey, and later practiced with marked success in the West Indies. He married a daughter of a prominent family of Caracas, and finally settled at Puerto Cabello, having been appointed United States Consul by President Munroe; his commission was dated December 22, 1823. William Lambert Russell, son of James and Mary Russell, was born in Carlisle, October 28, 1799, and was educated at the public schools in Concord, the Groton Academy, Westford Academy, and entered Harvard College in 1822, graduating with the class of 1826. He decided to make the practice of medicine his profession, i56 COLLEGE GRADUATES 257 and entered the office of Dr. Proctor of Lexington as a student, and also studied with Dr. Doane of Boston. After completing his studies he settled in the town of Barre, Mass., in 1831, and for twenty years practiced medicine there and in the surrounding towns. In 1836 he married Mary A. Warren of Hubbardston. Three children, two daughters and one son, were born of this marriage. He lived in Barre until his death on May 6, 1899, at the age of 99 years, 6 months, 8 days. James Sullivan Russell, brother of William L. Russell, was born in Carlisle, March 23, 1807. His father was a farmer and for the first fifteen years of his life he lived at home, doing the large amount of farm work that was required of the boys in those days, going to school winters, and a few weeks in the summer. Before he was sixteen years of age he went to Concord and began an appren- ticeship in a shoemaker's shop, which he completed in a little less than four years. He studied in the schools in Concord, Worcester, and the academy in Woburn, and taught for brief periods in Weston, Worcester, Hingham, Lexington, Arlington and Barre, and in 1833, at the age of twenty-six, entered Brown University. In the spring of 1835 Mr. Russell left Brown, and came to Lowell to teach mathematics at the high school. In 1842 he married Miss Elizabeth C. Bartlett. Four children were born of this union, one son and three d Aged 3 years, 5 months & 15 days Little children come here & learn. That death may cut you down while young. Sacred to the memory of \ Mrs. Mary, wife of Rev. Paul Litchfield who died July 27, 1809, Aet. 60 { Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord. The price of a virtuous woman is far above rubies. The heart of her husband doth safely trust in her. She openeth her mouth in wisdom, & in her tongue is the law of kindness, her children arise up and call her blessed, her husband also & he praiseth her, favor is deceitfull & beauty is vain, but a woman that feareth the Lord, she shall be praised. 268 EPITAPHS FROM CENTRAL BURYING GROUND 269 In memory of Mr. Roland Litchfield who died Sept. 2, 1841 Aet. 60 Dearest Partner thou hast left us. Here thy loss we deeply feel; But 'tis God that hath bereft us, He can all our sorrows heal. Erected in memory of Mr. Timothy Wilkins who died Feb. 5, 1820 Aet. 88 Though greedy worms devour my skin, And gnaw my wasting flesh When God shall build my bones again He'll doth them all afresh. Erected in memory of Mrs. Mary Wilkins wife of Mr. Timothy W^ilkins who died Jan. 28, 1820 Aet. 83 My flesh shall slumber in the ground, 'Till the last trumpet joyful sound; Then burst the chains, with sweet surprise, And in my Saviour's image rise. Sacred to the memory of Mr. Timothy Wilkins who died April 28, 1812 In the 54th year of his age Thou dear departed soul adieu Thy lifeless clay must here remain 'Til Christ this body shall renew Then both with joy shall meet again. 270 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Erected in memory of M""" Lucy Wilkins widow of Mr. Timothy Wilkins, .T' who died Aug. 18, 18^1 Aet. 56 Here in the silent grave I lie No more the scenes of life to try And you dear friends I leave behind Must soon this gloomy mansion find. Lieut. Isaac Wilkins died January 10, 1826 Aet. 93 Mary Wilkins died Feb. 6, 1806 Aet. 59 wife of Lieut. Isaac Wilkins As you are now so once was I As I am now, so you must be Prepare for death & follow me. In memory of Mrs. Margaret Wilkins wife of Lieut. Isaac Wilkins who died Feb. 21, 1790 Aged 48 My friends draw near & drop a tear Here my poor body lies This is the bed to rest my head Till Christ shall bid me rise. I EPITAPHS FROM CENTRAL BURYING GROUND 271 In memory of Lieut. Daniel Wheat who died Jan. 17, 1827 Aet. 72 Thy gentle spirit now is fled, Thy body in its earthly bed Is laid in peaceful sleep, A spirit good and pure as thine Blest in immortal scenes can shine Though friends are left to weep. In memory of Mrs. Betsey wife of Lieut. Daniel Wheat who died Nov. 14, 1809 Aet. 70 Behold the sad impending stroke, Which now arrests our eyes; The silken band of union broke A tender mother dies. In memory of a son and daughter of Mr. Nathaniel and Mrs. Thankful Hutchinson Joseph died April 30, 1804 aged 6 years, 4 months & 9 days The Daughter was born and died Sept. 29, 1793 Behold a little prattling boy His father's hope his mother's joy Why should he make so short a stay To steal our hearts & run away? 272 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Sacred to the memory of Mr. Nathaniel Taylor who diod Aug. 7, 1795 Aet. 65 While o'er my grave you stand & see Remember you must follow me. Sacred to the memory of Widow Esther Taylor wife of Mr. Nathaniel Taylor who died Aug. 8, 1809 Aet. 75 Friends nor physician could not save My mortal body from the grave. Lieut. James Russell died Aug. 17, 1801 Aged 78 Lydia Potter wife of Lieut. James Russell born June 7, 1733 died Nov. 17, 1826 Aet. 93 yrs., 5 mo. & 10 days In memory of Mr. Thomas Spaulding who died August 13, 1795 Aged 88 An honest man, a good neighbor, a plain hearted reprover. EPITAPHS FROM CENTRAL BURYING GROUND 273 Memento Mori In memory of M"' Thomas Spaulding who departed this hfe Oct" y^ 17^'' 1788 Aged 81 years, 3 months and 16 days Hark from ye tombs a doleful sound My ears attend the cry Ye living men come view the ground Where you must shortly lie. Erected in memory of j)EA- Ephraim Robbins who died July 29, 1820 Aet. 62 Erected in memory of Mrs. Sibbil Robbins widow of D"' Ephraim Robbins who died Sept. 4, 1821 Aet. 59 In memory of Mrs. Mary Robbins relict of Ens. Jonas Robbins who died April 6, 1794 Aged 75 Erected in memory of Mrs. Sarah Robbins wife of Deacon John Robbins who died July 13, 1819 Aet. 69 Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord. 274 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Erected in memory of Capt. Aaron Robbins who died July 26, 1821 Aet. 40 We mourn thy sudden swift remove From earth and all enjoyment here. When Christ commands we must obey Without a murmur or a tear. Erected in memory of Lieut John Robbins who died August 5, 1812 Aet. 34 He left us it was God's holy will, His worth we never can prize; Submission bids us to be still, And dry our weeping eyes. In memory of Capt. Stephen Blood who died July 6, 1836 Aet. 65 This is the bed to rest my head Till Christ bids me arise. Erected in memory of Mrs. Mehetable Blood wife of Capt. Stephen Blood who died Dec. 8, 1819 Aet. 46 Affliction sore long time I bore Physicians ware in vain Till death did seize and God did please To ease me of my pain. EPITAPHS FROM CENTRAL BURYING GROUND 275 Sacred to the memory of Lieut. Nathaniel Parker who died Oct. 17, 1802, Aet. 56 Death is a debt to nature due Which I've paid & so must you. Erected in memory of Mrs. Olive Parker wife of Major Jonas Parker who died Jan. 16, 1817 Aet. 38 Erected in memory of Mr. Reuben Duren who died May 20, 1819 Aet. 51 The die is cast, my hope, my fear My pain, my joy hes buried here, And read'r you ere long must try This dreaded change as well as I; Nor can a courteous Ghost reveal What I have felt, and you must feel. Erected in memory of Mrs. Susanna Duren wife of ]\Ir. Reuben Duren who died Nov. 20, 1821 Aet. 48 Sacred to the memory of Lieu. Benjamin Foster who died Aug. 2, 1819 Aet. 30 Belov'd till life could charm no more And lov'd till Christ shall thee restore. 276 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Erected in memory of M°* Solomon Andrews Who departed this h'fe in Full assurance of A better. Sept" y' 18th 1778 Aged 79 years Sacred to the memory of JOHNATHAN HeaLD, EsQ. who died Dec. 28, 1816 Aet. 59 In memory of Lieut. Silas Heald June 21, 1811 Aet. 51 Erected in memory of Mr. David Parlin Jr. who died July 19, 1803 Aged 37 Retire my friends dry up your tears Here I must lie till Christ appears. EPITAPHS FROM GREEN CEMETERY Ai Wheat died Mar. 10, 1844 Aet. 42 It is well with me why dost thou weep. As thou saw thy lov'd one in his last long sleep, As thou, lingerest to gaze on my dwelling of clay Forgetting my spirit in his white array. epitaphs from green cemetery 277 Irene G. wife of Ai Wheat died June 11, 1858 Aged 51 yrs., 8 mos. "Sweet spirit thou hast soared from earth, And seraphs hail thy heavenly birth; Thou will one guardian angel be, Until we rise to dwell with thee." Hon. Amos Spaulding Died November 6, 1865 Aet. 76 yrs. & 11 mos. Zebulon Spaulding Died Feb. 18, 1854 Aet. 74 Dorcas P. His wife Died Mar. 19, 1825 Aet. 44 Dorothy B. His 2°*^ wife Died June 9, 1880 Aet. 82 Selar Simons Sept. 22, 1803 Sept. 30, 1894 Clarissa Simons Aug. 29, 1810 Apr. 7, 1855 278 HISTORY OF CARLISLE In memory of Dea. John Jacobs who died June 27, 1841 Aet. 82 In memory of Mrs. Mable wife of Dea. John Jacobs who died Dee. 26, 1838 Aet. 75 In memory of Mrs. Maria wife of Mr. John Jacobs Jr. who died June 16, 1827 Aet. 25 In memory of Mr. Zacheus Green who departed this hfe Jan. 1'*' 1802 Aged 70 years. In memory of Mrs. Elizabeth Green wife of Mr. Zacheus Green who departed this Hfe Oct. 27, 1785 Aged 40 years. Memento Mori J Erected in memory of ' Lieut Asa Green who^departed this hfe March 28th, 1785 J Aged 41 years 6 months and 3 days. EPITAPHS FROM GREEN CEMETERY 279 In memory of Mrs. Abi Green wife of Lieut. Asa Green who died April 9, 1793 Aged 49 years, 1 month & 17 days. Death is a debt to nature due Which I have paid & so must you. In memory of Cap'* John Green who died March 21, 1793 Aged 85 years, 6 months & 27 days. Though not till ninety some retire Yet monuments around declare How vast the number who expire While youth & beauty promise fair. In memory of M"**' Martha Green wife of Cap*' John Green who died Aug. 9th, 1792 Aged 83 yr'- 9 months & 29 days Isaiah Green Died May 4, 1855 Aet. 83 Hannah wife of Isaiah Green died Mar. 23, 1845 Aet. 69 280 history of carlisle Hannah L. C. Daughter of Isaiah and Hannah Green Died March 8, 1897 Aged 90 years, 2 mos & 23 dys. A Generous Benefactress of her native place. Lois Green died May 25, 1854 Aet. 94 Erected to the memory of Mr. Nathan Green who died Sep. 18, 1818 Aet. 83 Frail as the leaves that quiver on the spray Like them man flourishes like them decays. Erected in memory of Mrs. Lois Green widow of Mr. Nathan Green who died March 10, 1821 Aet. 83 Here in the silent grave I lie No more the scenes of life to try. Asa Green Died Apr. 13, 1853 Aged 82 There is a world above Where parting is unknown A long eternity of love Form'd for the good above And faith beholds the dying here Transplanted to that glorious sphere. EPITAPHS FROM GREEN CEMETERY 281 Sacred to the memory of Mrs. Esther wife of Mr. Asa Green who died Sept. 18, 1826 Aet. 51 In memory of Mr. Samuel Green who died Jan. 29, 1829 Aet. 30 And now shall thy dust return to the earth Thy spirit to God who gave it. Yet affection shall tenderly cherish thy worth And memory deeply engrave it Erected in memory of Mr. Nathan Green Jr. who died June 24, 1818 Aet. 55 Like brilliant stars his virtues glowed While from his lips wise counsel flowed But when the close of life he knew Smiling he bade this world adiew. In memory of Mrs. Sarah wife of Mr. Nathan Green Jr. who died Jan. 10, 1833 Aet. 61 282 HISTORY OF CARLISLE In memory of Mr. Leonard Green who died Sept. 26, 1838 Aet. 78 On earth according to his hght He aimed to practice what was right, Hence all his errors are forgiven And Jesus welcom'd him to heaven. Sacred to the memory of Mrs. Thankful Green wife of Mr. Leonard Green who died May 6, 1815 Aet. 55 Sacred to the memory of Mrs. Lydia wife of Mr. Leonard Green who died April 29, 1826 Aet. 57 Sacred to the memory of Mr. Samuel Green who died Feb. 22, 1816 Aet. 76 Sacred to the memory of Mrs. Rebekah Green wife of Mr. Samuel Green who died April 7, 1817 Aet. 75 In memory of Mr. Jefferson Green who died March 26, 1832 Aet. 30 EPITAPHS FROM GREEN CEMETERY 283 In memory of Mr. Silas Green who died March 13, 1833 Aet. 59 In memory of Mrs. Elizabeth wife of Mr. Silas Green who died April 10, 1836 Aet. 61 Cyrus Green Died Feb. 1, 1855 Aged 55 Sacred to the memory of Mr. Ephraim Green who died Nov. 10, 1824 Aet. 24 yrs. & 1 m. Dea. John Green Died April 26, 1858 Aged 88 yrs., 7 mos. & 29 days To sect or party his large soul Disdained to be confined The good he loved of every name And prayed for all mankind. Erected in memory of Mrs. Mary Green wife of Dea. John Green who died Oct. 26, 1817 Aet. 47 The memory of the just are blessed. 284 history of carlisle Anna S. wife of Dea. John Green died Sept. 11, 1865 Aet. 83 yrs., 2 mos. Joseph W. Green Died June 15, 1893 Aged 64 yrs., 8 mos. Martha A wife of J. W. Green Died November 9, 1857 Aet. 25 yrs., 7 mos. Tilly Green Died Aug. 22, 1863 Aet. 83 Patty wife of Tilly Green Died Sept. 9, 1849 Aet. 69 Benjamin son of Tilly & Patty Green Died Jan. 16, 1859 Aet. 45 years, 5 mos. & 13 days Serlina G. Richardson 1827 — 1914 Erected in memory of Mr. Paul Forbush who died Sept. 24, 1830 Aet. 58 EPITAPHS FROM GREEN CEMETERY 285 In memory of Hannah wife of Paul Forbush who died Dec. 27, 1851 Aet. 73 Stephen Farrar Died June 14, 1848 Aged 84 yrs., 4 mos., 5 days Lucy His wife Died Feb. 9, 1843 Aged 70 yrs., 2 mos. William Farrar Died Mar. 22, 1880 Aged 77 yrs., 8 mos., 5 dys. Lydia G. His wife Died Sept. 27, 1881 Aged 70 yrs., 9 mos., 12 dys. Myranda Dutton killed at the battle of Dallas, Ga., May 25, 1863 Aet. 42 yrs., 1 mo. A member of Co. H., 33 Reg. Mass. Vol. Mary M. Dutton wife of Myranda Dutton Died Dec. 15, 1866 Aet. 48 yrs., 4 mos., 12 dys. 286 HISTORY OF CARLISLE In memory of Mr. Jonas Munroe who died Sept. 21, 1840 Aet. 84 In memory of Mrs. Sarah wife of Mr. Jonas Munroe who died July 20, 1828 Aet. 69 Miss Sarah Monroe Died Sept. 5, 1869 Aet. 79 yrs. Reuben Monroe June 2, 1788 — July 30, 1852 Rebeccah Monroe May 12, 1788 — Mar. 16, 1871 In memory of Mrs. Elizabeth Parlin who died April 15, 1837 Aet. 86 In memory of Asa Parlin, Esq. who died Oct. 28, 1822 Aet. 68 His mind was tranquil No terror, in his looks was seen His Saviour smil'd dispel'ed the gloom And smoothed his passage to the tomb. EPITAPHS FROM GREEN CEMETERY 287 In memory of Mrs. Sarah Parltn wife of Asa Parlin, Esq. who departed this hfe Nov. y^ 16, 1785 In the 22 year of her age In memory of Mrs. Susanah wife of Mr. Asa Parhn, Esq. who died Jan. 10, 1834 Aet. 79 In Memory of Mr. Abraham Taylor who died Nov. 9, 1833 Aet. 70 My Saviour calls and I must go. And leave you here my friends below; But soon my God will call for thee, Prepare for death and follow me. In memory of Mrs. Francis wife of Mr. Abraham Taylor who died Oct. 4, 1827 Aet. 55 Farewell my friends and children dear I leave you all behind Unto the God of Israel's care Who's merciful and kind. In memory of Mr. Nathaniel Taylor who died July 23, 1837 Aet. 36 288 history of carlisle Fanny wife of Nathaniel Taylor Died Oct. 26, 1865 Act. 63 yrs., 11 mos. & 18 days Our Mother Frances Maria Manning Daughter of N. & F. Taylor March 29, 1829 Feb. 7, 1907 Stephen Tayu)r Died May 27, 1879 Aged 73 yrs., 1 mo., 20 days Rest on thy Sheaves Thy harvest work is done. Emeline Parker wife of Stephen Taylor Died Sept. 3, 1898 Aged 86 yrs., 7 mos., 17 days Stephen Parker Son of Stephen & Emeline Taylor died Sept. 16, 1860 Aet. 16 yrs., 5 mos. No more with us his tuneful voice The hymn of praise shall swell No more his cheerful heart rejoice When peals the Sabbath bell. EPITAPHS FROM GREEN CEMETERY In memory of Mr. Nathan Taylor who died June 25, 1838 Aet. 24 Sudden He was called to go And bid adieu to all below Sudden the vital spirit fled And he was numbered with the dead. Artemas Parker 1815 — 1900 289 Sarah A. His wife 1821 — 1892 Roland Litchfield 1781 — 1841 Rebecca Simonds his wife 1805 — 1889 William F. son 1837 — 1914 Mary B. Dau. 1839 — 1854 290 history of carlisle Paul Litchfield Died Jan. 21, 1849 Aet. 28 yrs., 7 mos. & 22 days Some happy years, of happy birth Were spent by me with friends on earth Altho I'm gone to worlds unknown I hope to meet you all again. Nathaniel Hutchinson died Dec. 3, 1841 Aged 77 Thankful wife of Nathaniel Hutchinson died June 22, 1840 Aet. 76 Isaac Duren Born June 6, 1795 Died May 27, 1835 Mary Blood wife of Isaac Duren Born Nov. 12, 1796 Died Mar. 12, 1873 Mary E. Daughter of Isaac & Mary Duren Died Apr. 24, 1843 Aet. 24 yrs. Susan M. Daughter of Isaac & Mary Duren Died Sept. 20, 1844, Aet. 24 yrs. epitaphs from green cemetery 291 Thomas Page Died August 22, 1860 Aet. 76 yrs., 8 mos. & 12 days Betsy wife of Thomas Page Died March 12, 1867 Aet. 81 yrs., 8 mos. & 12 days Benjamin Barrett Born July 31, 1797 Died March 10, 1873 Mary A. wife of Benj. Barrett died Sept. 4, 1854 Aet. 59 Sabra N. his wife Born April 30, 1818 Died Nov. 9, 1901 In memory of Mr. Phineas Blood who died May 22, 1832 Aet. 36 In memory of Mrs. Ruhannah wife of Mr. Varnum Nickles formerly wife of Mr. Phineas Blood who Died Sept. 14, 1841 Aet. 43 years. HISTORY OF CARLISLE In memory of M^" Simon Blood jun. who died No^' 7'^' 1793 in y' 47th y"^" of his age His generous Donations to pubh'c uses do honor to his memory & will preserve his name to posterity In memory of Mr. Silas Blood who died Sept. 6, 1818 Aet. 26 In memory of Mr. Abel Blood who departed this life Sept. 12th, 1803 Aged 32 yrs. Erected in memory of Mrs. Susanna Blood wife of Mr. Abel Blood who died Dec. 30, 1818 Aet. 42 In memory of Mr. Phineas Blood who died Apr. 29, 1830 Aet. 81 In memory of Mrs. Sarah Blood wife of Mr. Phineas Blood who died Nov. 20, 1831 Aet. 80 EPITAPHS FROM GREEN CEMETERY 293 In memory of Thankful A. G. wife of Nathan Buttrick, Jr. who died March 26, 1838 Aet. 20 JOSIAH HODGMAN Died Jan. 14, 1852 Aged 52 Death thou has conquered me, I by thy dart am slain; But Christ has conquered thee And I shall rise again. Lucy wife of Josiah Hodgman Died Jan. 25, 1874 Aged 81 yrs. Weep not children for your mother She has gone far far above; Far away from sin and sorrow, To the home of joy and love. EZEKIEL NiCKLES Died March 16, 1853 Aet 75 My friends draw near and ponder here My body's in this grave; And if you have a moment's time Pray God your soul to save. Rebekah wife of Capt. Ezekiel Nickles died April 28, 1864 Aet. 80 yrs., 3 raos. & 17 days 294 history of carlisle Varnum Nickles Died Mar. 17, 1847 Aet. 37 'Twas in a moment I was called, To appear before my God; Leaving my child and all friends dear. To seek my last abode. Artemas Skelton Died Jan. 31, 1871 Aged 76 yrs,, 8 mos. & 10 days Mary Wife of Artemas Skelton Died Mar. 6, 1873 Aged 72 yrs., 8 mos. & 23 days Amos H. NrxTiNG Died Jan. 4, 1846 Aet. 60 yrs. Hannah wife of Amos H. Nutting Died Nov. 12, 1852 Aet. 63 yrs. Erected in memory of Mr. James Wilkins who died April 13, 1825 in his 58 year epitaphs from green cemetery 295 Hannah wife of Calvin Stevens formerly wife of James Wilkins died Feb. 8, 1852 Aet. 83 John Wilkins Died April 10, 1825 Aged 36 yrs. Sarah his wife died May 23, 1861 Aged 72 John B. Wilkins Died August 25, 1871 Aged 60 yrs., 4 mos. Timothy Wilkins 1820 — 1900 P. N. Robbins His wife 1832 — 1861 E. J. D. Sargent His wife 1835 — 1888 William Wilkins Died March 23, 1857 Aged 63 296 history of carlisle Mary wife of William Wilkins Died Sept. 19, 1863 Aet. 66 Father James W. Wilkins Died Jan. 24, 1876 Aged 72 Mother Hannah P. wife of James W. Wilkins Died Dec. 31, 1863 Aged 60 Ephraim Robbins Died Nov. 9, 1880 Aged 84 Anna wife of Ephraim Robbins Died Feb. 15, 1861 Aged 64 John D. Robbins Died Oct. 14, 1858 Aet. 49 yrs. & 6 months Caroline Lakin wife of John D. Robbins Died Aug. 27, 1890 Aet. 82 yrs., 4 mos. G. Maria Robbins Died Jan. 23, 1887 Aged 46 yrs., 8 mos. epitaphs from green cemetery 297 Samuel H. Robbins March 7, 1830 Dec. 14, 1903 Charlotte E. Robbins May 10, 1839 April 29, 1903 Mus'n Jno. Robbins 17 Mass. Inf. Sarah Helen wife of John Robbins died Oct. 27, 1856 Aet. 24 Betsy Lakin Died Aug. 17, 1871 Aet. 88 yrs., 1 mo. In memory of Capt. Samuel Heald who died May 11, 1829 Aet. 86 Erected in memory of Mrs. IVIary Heald wife of Capt. Samuel Heald who died Oct. 21, 1822 Aet. 77 Capt. Thomas Heald Died April 20, 1873 Aged 78 298 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Betsey A. wife of Capt. Thomas Heald died Oct. 31, 1857 Aged 64 Jonathan Heald Died Oct. 13, 1858 Aet. 73 yrs. Betsey wife of Jonathan Heald Died Feb. 7, 1855 Aet. 67 Our mother sleeps. When will the morning come? Otis Nickles A member of 7th Battery Light Art., Mass. Vols. Passed to spirit land at New Orleans, La., July 16, 1864 Ae. 44 years Lavina his wife Passed to spirit land May 7, 1889 Ae. 63 yrs., 2 mos., 26 dys. Sybel G. wife of B. F. Blaisdell Jr. 1871 — 1916 Harris Bingham Died Aug. 9, 1876 Ae. 80 4 epitaphs from green cemetery Emily His wife Died July 26, 1863 Ae. 67 James Green Died July 29, 1875 Aet. 84 yrs., 9 mos. & 9 days Lois wife of James Green Died March 10, 1865 Aet. 73 yrs., 1 mo. Sarah B. wife of James Green Died July 7, 1883 Aged 66 yrs. Joel Boynton Died April 24, 1887 Aged 77 Gilbert W. Page Feb. 9, 1837 May 12, 1907 Sarah A. his wife Jan. 2, 1844 Nov. 1, 1893 John Taylor Died May 26, 1850 Aged 37 299 300 history of carlisle Maria L. wife of Prescott Nickles former wife of John Taylor Born Aug. 22, 1818 Died Nov. 20, 1906 Prescott Nickles Died Jan. 9, 1884 Aged 69 yrs., 11 mos. A. Warren Monroe 1827 — 1868 Mary E. His wife 1823 — 1915 William M. Parkhurst died May 27, 1890 Aged 73 yrs., 8 mos,, 24 days S. Elizabeth his wife Died June 3, 1891 Aged 69 yrs. 4 mos. Capt. H. W. Wilson June 30, 1847 June 5, 1917 Nathaniel Hutchinson 1820 — 1901 His wife Martha A. Duren 1822 — 1900 epitaphs from green cemetery 301 Charles T. Worth ley 1837 — 1913 Co. G., 47 Regt., Mass. Vols. 1862 James W. Wilkins Sept. 19, 1836 Feb. 28, 1903 Major Jonas Parker Born July 28, 1782 Died June 2, 1866 Anna his wife Born Sept. 12, 1787 Died Mar. 24, 1872 Isaac A. Blaisdell Died June 22, 1889 Aged 74 yrs., 1 mo., 7 dys. Susan G. his wife Died July 15, 1895 Aged 76 yrs., 8 mos., 8 dys. Benj. F. Blaisdell Died Feb. 23, 1901 Aged 57 yrs., 1 mo., 13 dys. Ella I. his wife Died Sept. 7, 1872 Aged 24 yrs., 9 mos., 7 dys. 302 history of carlisle Ebenezer Champney Born Mar. 4, 1808 Died Apr. 16, 1882 Sarah wife of Ebenezer Champney Died June 26, 1873 Aged 63 Capt. Paul Green Forbush Died April 26, 1885 Aged 83 yrs., 5 mos. Olive wife of Capt. Paul G. Forbush Died June 15, 1874 Aged 75 yrs. Emma L. Forbush 1846-1905 Josiah Hodgman June 30, 1833 July 14, 1892 Maria Bingham His wife March 9, 1835 April 8, 1900 Ezra Page Died Feb. 6, 1897 Age 70 yrs., 7 ds. Lucy A. wife of Ezra Page Died Apr. 24, 1896 Age 68 yrs., 2 mos., 4ds. epitaphs from green cemetery Edward S. Hutchins 1831 — 1900 Co. G., 47th Mass. Vols. Sarah his wife 1835 — 1878 Lowell Stearns Died April 21, 1877 Aged 57 yrs., 1 mo. His wife Esther M. G. Died Jan. 10, 1895 Aged 64 yrs., 3 mos. George W. Wilkins Feb. 26, 1827 — Jan. 22, 1911 Lucy Jane His wife June 7, 1826 — Oct. 25, 1896 William G. Heald 1802 — 1878 His wife Hannah Page Nutting 1817 — 1893 Charles Green June 30, 1800 Feb. 16, 1843 Lydia Hasting His wife May 3. 1809 — Dec. 23, 1883 303 304 history of carlisle Hannah Russell wife of Jesse Green and Stephen Blood July 25, 1771 — Jan. 17, 1868. Elizabeth A. Dau. of C. & L. Green May 5, 1832 — Dec. 24, 1919. Albert Boynton 1812 — 1886 Mary Boynton 1816 — 1879 Capt. Levi S. Hutchinson Died Dec. 5, 1881 Aet. 78 yrs., 9 mos. Lavina H. wife of Levi Hutchinson Died Sept. 8, 1874 Aet. 76 yrs. Charles H. Hutchinson 1835 — 1912 Susan M. His wife 1836 — 1909 Capt. Aaron Fletcher Died Feb. 9, 1867 Aged 89 yrs., 2 mos. & 22 dys. epitaphs from green cemetery 305 Sally Fletcher Died July 26, 1874 Aged 92 yrs., 8 mos., & 14 dys. Joanna Adams Died Feb. 7, 1895 Aged 72 yrs., 3 mos., 3 dys. Henry Spaulding Born July 25, 1815 Died Aug. 10, 1884 Harriet B. wife of Henry Spaulding Born Aug. 16, 1823 Died Dec. 17, 1883 Edward J. Carr July 23, 1843 Aug. 9, 1906 John P. Davis Died July 6, 1914 Age 84 yrs., 5 mos., 8 dys. Capt. Thomas Green Died Sept. 15, 1864 Aged 69 Lucinda his wife Died Mar. 13, 1840 Aged 45 306 history of carlisle Maria F. his wife Died Jan. 10, 1897 Aged 85 John Q. A. Green Died Oct. 10, 1907 Aged 81 yrs. Sarah wife of John Q. A. Green Died Dec. 31, 1873 Aged 46 yrs. Nathaniel A. Taylor Aged 53 yrs. Amanda E. wife of Nath. A. Taylor Aged 34 yrs. Samuel E. Scott Aged 60 yrs. Louisa E. wife of S. E. Scott Aged 30 yrs. Mary G. wife of S. E. Scott Aged 69 yrs, Asa Nickles Died Aug. 15, 1884 Aged 65 y's, 11 m's epitaphs from green cemetery 307 Olive wife of Asa Nickles Died Jan. 14, 1899 Aged 73 y's, 3 m's Calvin Heald Died May 14, 1870 Aged 71 yrs. Mary C. wife of Calvin Heald Died Mar. 16, 1885 Aged 83 yrs. Hiram W. Blaisdell Oct. 1, 1817 — Jan. 18, 1893 Susan A. Skelton His wife Mar. 1, 1824 — July 12, 1903 Austin Marsh, M.D. Sept. 15, 1811 — Feb. 3, 1900 Mary W. Skelton His wife June 15, 1818 — Jan. 7, 1903 Asa Parker Nickles Jan. 20, 1850 — Feb. 22, 1919 His wife Mary Ellen July 25, 1855 March 25, 1905 308 history of carlisle John H. Duren June 11, 1857 Apr. 15, 1904 Minnie H. Brock formerly wife of John H. Duren Mar. 14, 1861 Apr. 8, 1917 William Green Born Dee. 4, 1803 Died June 4, 1887 Aged 83 yrs., 6 mos. Harriet P. his wife Born Apr. 5, 1813 Died Feb. 11, 1888 Aged 74 yrs., 10 mos., 6 days. George S. Skelton Born Sept. 3, 1827 Died Mar. 14, 1885 Martha J. his wife Born Jan. 25, 1842 Died April 25, 1909 Ephraim Davis 1823 — 1866 Rebecca wife of Ephraim Davis Died Sept. 11, 1856 Aet. 31 yrs., 11 mos., 21 ds. epitaphs from green cemetery 309 Lydia a. Davis his wife 1827 — 1883 George F Duren 1817 — 1894 Lucy A. F. Duren 1822 — 1905 Mary F. Melvin 1865 — 1909 Hermon Leslie Duren 1852 — 1919 Isaac F. Duren 1844 — 1912 INIary his wife 1850 — 1917 Annie M. wife of George N. Dunn 1851 — 1892 Father Ephraim Heald Died May 13, 1874 Aged 81 yrs. Mother Betsey his wife Died April 18, 1881 Aged 79 yrs., 3 mos. 310 history of carlisle George Taylor 1848 — 1908 Sarah Isabelle Russell his wife 1848 — 1912 Abel Taylor, Jr. Died Dec. 16, 1887 Aged 82 yrs., 7 mos., 13 dys. AURELIA S. wife of Abel Taylor, Jr. Died Dec. 29, 1882 Aged 73 yrs., 2 mos., 20 dys. James Taylor Died Sept. 24, 1874 Aged 54 yrs., 8 mos. Maria wife of James Taylor Died Feb. 25, 1911 Aged 87 yrs., 2 mos., 18 dys. Artemas Taylor Apr. 1, 1841 May 18, 1892 His wife Frances Taylor Nov. 25, 1849 Jan. 30, 1892 Humphrey Prescott 1814 — 1892 epitaphs from green cemetery 311 Martha M. his wife 1820 — 1848 Mary T. his wife 1817 — 1905 Amos Adams 1821 — 1910 Maria J. his wife 1823 — 1892 Hervey Bingham Died Feb. 6, 1894 M. Jennie Bingham Died Oct. 14, 1907 Frank S. Bartlett 1850 — 1919 1820 Daniel Hardy 1872 His wife 1823 Joanna B. Pulsifer 1912 John C. Blaisdell July 31, 1855 Jan. 9, 1910 Hattie J. his wife Nov. 21, 1867 March 5, 1902 312 history of carlisle Elmon B. Rose Born Jan. 10, 1842 Died Sept. 14, 1917 George McCrady 1860 — 1916 Peter Riley 15 Mass. L. A. Andrew Conant 1840 — 1916 Anna Maria His wife 1851 — 1916 Marshall M. Mason Feb. 21, 1831 — May 1, 1907 Clarissa E. his wife Feb. 18, 1838 — Aug. 7, 1917 Sebra Dunham Bartlett Died July 6, 1905 Aged 80 yrs., 4 mos., 8 dys. His wife Mercy Virginia Died Nov. 20, 1909 Aged 83 yrs., 11 mos., 20 dys. Paul F. Litchfield Born Oct. 12, 1833 Died Dec. 23, 1900 epitaphs frbm green cemetery 313 Sarah E. Carter wife of Paul F. Litchfield Born Apr. 6, 1835 Died Feb. 27, 1910 WiNFIELD S. RiCKER 1846 — 1917 His wife Attie a. Harvey 1849- -1916 Amos K. Baldwin 1822- -1906 Mary a. Baldwin 1827- -1913 Benson McDonald Died Jan. 28, 1907 Aged 42 yrs., 6 mos., 18 dys. James W. Johnson 1846 — 1912 Mother Amanda Josephine Burkett March 5, 1857 April 17, 1919 Mary Frances Wilson wife of Alvah D. Boynton 1851 — 1918 314 history of carlisle George H. Wilson Died June 25, 1897 Aged 38 yrs. Lily Wilson Burrell April 21, 1867 May 12, 1911 Timothy Adams Feb. 26, 1831 — July 15, 1900 Asa Duren 1821 — 1902 Sarah his wife 1838 — 1911 1820 Horace N. Wilson 1903 1828 Sybel His wife 1903 Henry Keniston 1818 — 1890 Ann E. Stone His wife 1838 — 1889 Elizabeth E. H. wife of Rev. S. W. Banister Dau. of Hon. B. & C. H. Stevens died July 21, 1850 Aged 31 EPITAPHS FROM GREEN CEMETERY 315 Thomas A. Green Died May 24, 1881 Aged 54 y's, 7 m's Mary S. wife of Marshall Lee Feb. 7, 1839 Jan. 2, 1899 Anna M. wife of William Lee Oct. 27, 1839 Nov. 25, 1897 Edward E. Wilkins Nov. 23, 1827 May 22, 1894 Bridget his wife June 17, 1832 June 9, 1815 Artemas Hill Died May 13, 1880 Aet. 70 y'rs, 7 m's Betsey R. wife of Artemas Hill Died Nov. 27, 1866 Aet. 54 yrs., 5 mos. Wm. Blood A member of Co. C, 16 Reg., Mass., Vols. Killed at 2d Bull Run, Aug. 29, 1862 Aged 16 316 history of carlisle Jno. N. Blood Co. C, 16 Mass. Inf. Andrew J. Wilkins Born Dec. 4, 1821 Died Oct. 30, 1901 Maj. Benjamin F. Heald Died July 27, 1892 Aged 83 years Susan wife of Maj. B. F. Heald Died May 7, 1889 Aged 73 years Rev. James T. Powers Died Dec. 17, 1888 Aged 63 years Ai Heald Died Jan. 9, 1892 Aged 79 yrs., 10 mos. LURANAII G. wife of Ai Heald Died May 31, 1877 Aged 72 y 'rs & 2 mos. George P. Nickless Apr. 5, 1843 Oct. 19, 1884 Sarah A. Nickless Aug. 21, 1850 Aug. 24, 1916 epitaphs from green cemetery 317 George M. Litchfield April 14, 1844 May 5, 1913 Cl.\ra Litchfield Jan. 3, 1848 Dec. 11, 1898 Wm. a. Prescott 1857 — 1914 Mary C. Adams His wife 1855 — 1909 J. Adolphus Scott 1824 — 1861 Emily F. Jones Formerly his wife 1832 — 1900 Asa Nickles Died Aug. 15, 1884 Aged 65 yrs., 11 mos. Olive Wife of Asa Nickles Died Jan. 14, 1899 Aged 73 yrs., 3 mos. Benjamin Foster Died Aug. 12, 1839 Ae. 78 318 history of carlisle Sarah His wife Died July 7, 1857 Ae. 90 Sebina Eastman Born in Amherst, Mass. Sept. 28, 1778 Died Nov. 6, 1855 Chapter XXVI BIOGRAPHY Solomon Andrews The ancestor of the Carlisle Andrews was Solomon Andrews, who moved to Carlisle from Chebacco (Ipswich) on ox sleds about 1765. He and his sons cleared the land and settled on the site now known as the Captain Page Farm. Soloman Andrews is buried in the Old Cemetery at Carlisle Center with a stone having the following inscription : "In memory of Soloman Andrews who departed this life in full assurance of a better Sept. ye 17, 1778 Aged 79 years." Of his ten children, all born at Chebacco, two sons settled in Carlisle, to have descendants, Edmund Andrews, b. Jan. 9, 1741; Issachar Andrews, b. Dec. 25, 1744. Issachar inherited his father's farm (Captain Page Farm) and Edmund purchased an adjoining farm, which land is now (1920) owned by Chester Duren. Edmund Andrews was a constable in Carlisle, 1784, and highway surveyor 1787. He served in the Revolu- tion in Capt. Abishai Brown's company in Col. Josiah Whitney's Massachusetts Regiment. He was great-grand- father of Mrs. George E. French, who now lives on the Captain Page Farm. Issachar Andrews, who also settled in Carlisle, was a lieutenant in Capt. Samuel Heald's company and later was made a captain. He was select- man and assessor 1781-84, grand juryman 1783, tithing- 319 320 HISTORY OF CARLISLE man 1787. He was great-grandfather of Miss Grace Taylor, who was born in Carhsle and is now a teacher in Lowell. Mrs. George E. French. Rev. Paul Litchfield Perhaps no name is more strongly identified with the early history of Carlisle than that of Litchfield. On the seventh of November, 1781, there came to this beauti- ful little hilltop town a young man who had just gradu- ated from Harvard University, to be ordained as the pastor of the Orthodox Church. The Reverend Paul Litchfield was born in Scituate, Mass., March 12, 1752. He was the son of Thomas Litchfield, a descendant of Lawrence Litchfield, of whom colonial records say: "he was in Barnstable where he bore arms in 1643." From Barnstable he went to Scituate to settle permanently, and from this source springs practically every branch of the Litchfield family in America. It may be assumed, therefore, that the forebear of the Litchfield family in America was this same Lawrence Litchfield, who must have come over from England with the Puritans, and very likely for the same reason, ergo, to escape the religious persecutions of that time. Hence it can be easily established that the origin of the Litchfield family is antedated in New England by but few if any. The ramifications of this family are many and inter- esting. That they were prolific in progeny is evidenced by the statement of Deane, in his history of Barnstable, that "no family in this country has increased to a greater extent." In fact, at the present day around Scituate and in its neighboring towns the name of Litchfield is about as often encountered as that of the famous Crowell family on Cape Cod. The Rev. Paul Litchfield took up his duties in Car- REV. PAUL LITCHFIELD 321 lisle at a time when the new-born republic was battling for its life. The United States was just coming into being, and the country and the people were in a state of great impoverishment. There was little silver and gold, and colonial currency had not yet reached any degree of cir- culation. The farmers of Massachusetts, among whom this young collegian was settling, were men of thrift, of honesty, of capacity, of the best English stock, but they were poor. It may be assumed therefore, that this young minister of God was confronted with a problem that might well daunt the strongest of hearts. It is known, though, that he met his difficulties with the proper spirit and carried on his pastorate with success. A little way to the north of the village he established his home, a sub- stantial colonial house, built after the fashion of the times, of hewn timbers, mortised joints, and with a solid foundation. There it stands today, overlooking the roll- ing land to the reaches of the Concord, a view unsurpassed, and which must have furnished many a moment of inspiration to the cultivated mind of such a man. The coming of a college-bred man to a community such as Carlisle was in those days must have been an event, for education was not common as we know it to- day, and a knowledge of Latin and Greek and the classics was a passport to the highest circles, as well as a demand for the respect and deference of others. It is a matter of regret that no likeness, not even a silhouette, of the Rev. Paul Litchfield is in existence. A description of this man, who was undoubtedly a figure of considerable prominence in his time, can be but vaguely given. It is believed that he was a slender, rather delicate, scholarly man, with gentle manners and a soft voice. Of his pulpit oratory there is no doubt that it was commen- surate. Many of his sermons and papers were lost when the homestead passed out of the family some thirty years 322 HISTORY OF CARLISLE ago. It would have been fortunate, indeed, if they had been preserved, as a means of throwing light upon his character. The pastorate of the Rev. Paul Litchfield, like that of most of the ministers of the gospel of that period, extended through the duration of his life. He died November 5, 1827, aged 75 years, 7 months and 13 days. While it is not the purpose of this sketch to go largely into the genealogical records of the Litchfield family, it will perhaps be of interest to give brief mention of those descendants of Paul Litchfield who were identified with Carlisle. The family records state that the Rev. Paul married Miss Mary Bailey of Scituate, but no date of the marriage is given; probably immediately after his graduation from Harvard College. To them were born the following children; Mary B., Paul, Roland, Ben- jamin, Philo and Franklin. Mary Bailey Litchfield, wife of Rev. Paul Litchfield, died July 27, 1809, at the age of 59. Afterward the Rev. Paul took a second wife, Sarah Capron of Braintree. Of the sons of the Rev. Paul, the last named, Frank- lin, graduated from Harvard College in the class of 1810, and entered at once upon a brilliant career. He studied medicine in Charleston, S. C, with the celebrated Dr. Ramsey, and afterwards practised with "distinguished success in Jamaica and other places in the West Indies." He married a daughter of a prominent family of Caracas, de Senha. He warmly espoused the cause of freedom in South America from the yoke of Spain, and was largely responsible for the successful revolutions that established the independence of Colombia, Venezuela and other states. He settled finally at Puerto Cabello, where he was appointed United States Consul by President Munroe, his commission being dated December 22, 1823. The exact date of his death is not at hand. CAPTAIN THOMAS GREEN CAPT. THOMAS GREEN Another son, Roland, remained on the homestead. He married Rebecca Simonds, and to them were born four children. Three sons, Paul Franklin, William Francis and George; the daughter, Mary Bailey, died in young womanhood. Of these sons, William was a Civil W^ar veteran. After the war William went to New Mexico and Arizona, where he identified himself with gold mining. Paul Franklin and George remained on the farm. George finally settled in Lexington, where he engaged in the ice business. Paul Franklin settled in Lowell, where he was for many years a well-known business man. Geobge W. Goode. Capt. Thomas Green The Greens were in Carlisle at an early date. John Green, a hatter, son of Samuel and Martha Green of Maiden, married Martha Hunt of Concord, and lived in the center of Concord, but later sold out and moved to the southeast part of Carlisle, and had six children John2, born June 7, 1730; Zacheus, born March 6, 1731/2 Samuel, born Sept. 15, 1739; Nathan, born Aug. 3, 1735 Asa and Sarah. John^, the eldest son, married Elizabeth Spaulding of Concord, had six sons: Leonard, born Nov. 11, 1760; Jesse, born Aug. 25, 1762; Reuben, born July 7, 1767; Deacon John, born July 27, 1769; Amos, born March 5, 1772; Calvin, born June 3, 1775. Leonard, the eldest son of John^, after his father's death bought the farm from his heirs and built a house on the opposite side of the road. The farm is known at the present time as the Morton Green place. The old house stood until about 1870. Thomas, the third child of Leonard and Thankful Eastherbrooks, was born June 20, 1795. He spent his 324 HISTORY OF CARLISLE early life upon his great-grandfather's farm. During the War of 1812 he enlisted and spent three months at Fort Warren. Thomas married Lucinda Wheat of Carlisle, March 16, 1820, and occupied the "long block," where he kept store. Had one son, George Washington, born Sept. 16, 1827. His wife died March 13, 1840; he married for his second wife Maria Forbush of Carlisle, Dec. 22, 1840, and moved to the old homestead, which place he had bought previously. Had four children: Lucinda Maria, born May 13, 1842; Leonard Morton, born Oct. 28, 1843; Eliza Jane, born Feb. 27, 1846; Thomas Albert, born March 4, 1849. Capt. Thomas Green, as he was known, was closely identified with the interests of Carlisle. Twenty-four years he was town treasurer, giving up the office on account of sickness; he filled the oflfices of selectman, assessor and overseer at different times. For two terms he served as Representative at the General Court. He was an attendant and supporter of the First Religious Society; and in his will left a legacy for the support of preaching. A short time before his death he bought his uncle's place. Deacon John Green's, in the center of Carlisle, and made extensive repairs with the expectation of occupying it himself, but was taken sick and never left the old home place. He died Sept. 15, 1864, at the age of 69 years. After the death of Capt. Thomas Green, his widow remained on the home place for five years; during the time her two daughters died, Eliza Jane, Oct. 19, 1866, at the age of 20 years, Lucinda Maria, March 5, 1869, at the age of 26 years. Jan. 1, 1870, Leonard Morton married Ella H. Buttrick and settled on the home place, it having been willed to him by his father. The widow and the younger son, Thomas Albert moved to the Deacon John Green y. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN IIEALD 325 place. Mrs. Thomas Green died Jan. 10, 1897, at the age of 85 years. Mks. Mahy a. Green. John Dana Robbins The town of Carhsle has the distinction of being the birthplace and late home of one of the largest men physically in the State and probably in the country, in the person of John Dana Robbins, born April 6, 1809, on what is now generally known as the Deacon Samuel B. Chamberlain place in the westerly part of the town. He was the son of John and Jane Templeton Robbins, and was six feet and two inches tall, and weighed four hundred and fifty pounds. On April 22, 1826, he married Caroline Lakin; they were the parents of seven children, four sons and three daughters: John, Samuel Heald, Paulina Nickles, Mary Hunt, Charles Harrison, Georganna Maria and Daniel Webster. ]Mr. Robbins always resided in the west part of the town and by occupation was a farmer. He died Oct. 14, 1858, aged 49 years, 6 months, 8 days, and was buried in Green Cemetery in his native town. Benjamin Franklin Heald Benjamin Franklin Heald was born in the original Heald homestead, where his father and grandfather were born, in the south part of Carlisle, Oct. 25, 1809, and was the son of Thomas and Abi Heald. He attended the public schools in Carhsle and Lowell, and the academy in Westford, Mass. On Jan. 14, 1838, he was united in marriage with Miss Susan P. Kimball, and was sub- sequently engaged in the pursuit of agriculture at or near the place of his birth. Ten children, seven sons 326 HISTOEY OF CARLISLE and three daughters, were born of the union, as follows: Thomas H., Angeline, Timothy W., Austin Marsh, Benjamin Franklin, Susan Adeline, Charles, George C, Imogene B., and Washington Irving. In politics Mr. Heald was a Democrat, and was usually looked upon as a leader and councilor in the principles of the party by his townsmen of the same persuasion. In his earlier years he taught school in Carlisle, Chelmsford and Concord, and for several years was chairman of the Carlisle School Board, also at various times he held elective town offices, prominent among which was that of selectman, which office he held for seven years. He was a constant attendant and supporter of the First Religious Society in Carlisle, and for many years held the office of parish clerk. At twenty years of age Mr. Heald identified himself with the state militia, and received the commission of ensign, Aug. 21, 1830, which position he held until April 19, 1834, when he was discharged by reason of his resig- nation. On May 5, 1835, he was commissioned as captain, which office he held until May 16, 1836, when he was commissioned major, serving in the third division of the third regiment of the First Brigade, M. V. M.; this posi- tion he held until by general orders he was discharged April 24, 1840. Mr. Heald represented his town in the State Legis- lature as a member of the House of Representatives in the year 1848. In 1880 he wrote a history of Carlisle for Drake's History of Middlesex County. Mrs. Heald died May 7, 1889, and Mr. Heald died in Somerville July 27, 1892; the interments in both cases were in the family lot in Green Cemetery in Carlisle, where at the east entrance is the symmetrical Heald memorial, erected by their son, Benjamin Franklin 2d, in respect to their memory. MAJOR HEN JAM IN FRANKLIN HEALD dr. austin marsh 327 Dr. Austin Marsh Austin Marsh, born Sept. 15, 1811, was a descendant of William S. Marsh, who came with his brother John from England and settled in Connecticut. He was one of nine children, and the youngest of seven sons born to Elias and Anna Marsh of Sharon, Vermont. His father was the first male child born in that town, and in con- sideration of the event was presented by the town with a grant of one hundred acres of land. His mother had seven brothers, three of whom were Congregational min- isters. The eldest, Samuel Wood, at one time taught school, and Daniel Webster was one of his pupils. Austin Marsh attended the public schools of Sharon, and took an advanced course at Royalton Academy under Prof. Perley Sprague, a popular educator, and a year later studied with his eldest brother. Rev. Joseph Marsh, by whose advice he took up the study of medicine, beginning with Dr. Smalley of Randolph, Vt., and later with Dr. Converse of Strafford, and finally graduated from Dartmouth Medical College in 1835 and received his medical degree. Dr. Marsh opened an office in Lowell and met with marked success in his profession, but in consideration of the urgent request of Rev. Preserved Smith of Carlisle, and of other inhabitants of the town, he was persuaded to move there, which he did in 1838. On July 14, 1839, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary W., daughter of Dr. Benjamin Skelton of Pelham, N. H., the ceremony being performed by Rev. U. C. Burnap of the Api)leton Street Congregational Church of Lowell. On July 31, 1839, Dr. Marsh became a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society. Three children were born to Dr. and Mrs. Marsh, Mary Amanda, Palmer Austin and Susie S.; the latter became the wife of Mx^. Arthur Morse, and died July 26, 328 HISTORY OF CARLISLE 1891. Dr. Marsh when but nineteen years of age taught school, and later taught one term in Carlisle. He and his wife and family had the confidence and were held in great esteem, not only by the townspeople, but by all who knew them. He served the town as select- man, town clerk and school committee, and his service as town physician for a term of sixty years would be hard to parallel. Dr. and Mrs. Marsh passed the sixtieth anniversary of their wedding quietly in their home Friday, July 14, 1899. Because of the doctor's feeble health, the family requested that there be no formal observance. Dr. Marsh died Feb. 3, 1900, as the clock struck twelve, ushering in the new day, aged 88 years, 4 months, 19 days, and was the oldest living member of the Massachusetts Medical Societv at the time of his decease. George Frederick Duren George Frederick Duren, son of Isaac and Mary (Blood) Duren was born in Carlisle April 13, 1817. Mr. Duren always lived at the ancestral home, which had been in the family name for three generations. Reuben was the first and was classed among the early settlers of Concord, which for many years included this town. He was succeeded by his only son Isaac in the family pos- session, who was followed by his only son, George Fred- erick. Mr. Duren possessed many of the sterling traits of his father and grandfather; he enjoyed the confidence of his fellow townsmen and held every town office except that of treasurer. He held the commission of justice of the peace from 1853 to 1894, having been first appointed by Governor Gardner; he took the undertaker business from his father in 1835, which he kept until 1894. July 6, 1843, George F. Duren and Lucy A. F. Pease, of Wilton, Maine, were united in marriage, by Rev. James DR. AUSTIN xMAUSII JOANNA (parker) gleason 329 Means, in Concord. Six children were born to this worthy couple; four lived to grow up and were married: Isaac F. married Mary Lewis of Lunenburg; Hermon L. married Lottie Lewis of Lunenburg; George R. married Marie Ouilette of Lowell; and Mary F. married John Melvin of Concord. George R. is the only surviving child. Four grandchildren and two great-grandchildren are lineal descendants. On July 6, 1893, one of those rare but always pleasing events, a golden wedding, took place at the Duren home. A large company of relatives and friends kept the worthy couple busily employed during the entire afternoon in acknowledging warm greetings and con- gratulations: in the evening a pleasing program of music and readings was given, thus bringing the happy occasion to a close. Mr. Duren passed away the following year on May 18, at the age of 76 years, Mrs. Duren lived until March 7, 1905; her age was 82 years, 10 months and 17 days. Joanna (Parker) Gleason Mrs. Joanna (Parker) Gleason was born in Carlisle, Dec. 11, 1819, daughter of Major Jonas and Anna (Adamsj Parker. She came of Revolutionary stock. Her father attained the rank of major in the army, having served several enlistments, and was stationed at Fort Warren, Boston harbor, when the British were attempting to enter. He is credited to Chelmsford, as Carlisle was not incorporated at that time. After the war he served the town of Carlisle as a member of the board of selectmen for a period of eight years. Her grandfather, Capt. Timothy Adams of Chelmsford, also had a good military record. He was in the battle at Bunker Hill and subsequently served other enlistments. Mrs. Gleason began keeping school in Carlisle at fourteen years of age and subsequently taught in Concord 330 HISTORY OF CARLISLE and Billerica, having in all ten terms of experience in teaching the old-fashioned summer schools. As one memorial of this service she possessed a certificate for teaching signed by the late Ralph Waldo Emerson, chair • man of the Concord School Committee, dated April 30, 1836. She was married to Mr. John Gleason in the year 1858, and they lived on her home place in Carlisle until the year 1872, when they moved to Sudbury, where they later purchased a dwelling which they occupied until their decease. Mrs. Gleason was very generous in disposing of the larger portion of her property (estimated to have been upward of forty thousand dollars) before her death. She gave for worthy objects in her native town of Carlisle, as well as in her adopted town of Sudbury. Both of these towns will revere her name for her liberal donations, an account of which appears elsewhere in this work. Mrs. Gleason died Friday, Oct. 16, 1896, at her home in Sudbury, aged 76 years, 10 months, 5 days. The funeral was Monday, Oct. 19, at her late home. Rev. W. G. Seaman of the local Methodist church was the officiating clergyman. The town of Carlisle contributed a large open floral book, with the word "Rest" of purple immor- telles on one page, as a token of esteem; a number of the townspeople were in attendance at the funeral. During the hour of the funeral service, the schools in Carlisle observed a memorial service in her honor, listening to a sketch of her life and benevolences, and extracts from letters written by her. The interment was beside the remains of her late husband, near the entrance to the Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Sudbury, on a sightly emi- nence, indicated by a beautiful granite monument enclosed in a lot with granite curbing. The buildings on the old home place in the easterly GEORGE FREDERICK DUREN JOHN PROCTOR DAVIS 331 part of Carlisle were burned within a short time after Mr. and Mrs. Gleason vacated them in 1872. The cellar hole alone remains, looking desolate and lonelj^ around which the writer in travelling that way once saw four foxes sporting about, and so the scene changes. The farm, which at one time was cultivated and productive, is now either woodland or pasture. John Proctor Davis John Proctor Davis, a life-long resident and honored citizen of Carlisle was born Jan. 28, 1830, on the farm which was his home during his entire life. His only occu- pation was farming. His mother, Rebecca Proctor, was born and always lived in Carlisle. His father, John Davis, came here when a young man, from Hancock, N. H., his ancestors having gone there from Concord, Mass. Mr. Davis married, Sept. 25, 1860, Lucretia Stearns of Billerica, and their union was blest with eleven chil- dren, six sons and five daughters, of whom one died in infancy. All the others lived to mature years. The chil- dren were: 1. Mary Rebecca, born Feb. 9, 1862, died July 1, 1909. 2. Palmer John, born Jan. 28, 1864; married May 23, 1906, Nettie Maria Wheeler. 3. George Perry, born March 30, 1866; married Dec. 31, 1896, LillaMowatt. Children: (1) Charles Sidney, born Nov. 6, 1897; (2) George Clayton, born July 18, 1899; died, April 5, 1900; (3) Irene Hazel, born Nov. 16, 1900. 4. Martha Elizabeth, born Nov. 13, 1867; married Jan. 12, 1911, John Melvin. 5. Alden Reed, born April 22, 1870; married Oct. 30, 1895, Lucy Wellington Roby. Children: (1) John Alden, born April 30, 1897; (2) Leonard, born May 12, 1900, died May 15, 1900; (3) Sterling Roby, born July 22, 1901. 332 HISTORY OF CARLISLE 6. Lizzie Jane, born April 16, 1872, died May 3, 1872. 7. Sarah Lane, born March 4, 1873. 8. Emma Stearns, born Jan. 4, 1875; married Oct. 13, 1897, Herbert Page Button. Children: (l) Mabel Lu- cretia, born July 31, 1898; (2) Francis Hiram, born Nov. 2, 1900; (3) Onslow Stearns, born Dec. 23, 1902; (4) Raymond Herbert, born June 1, 1905; (5) George Wal- lace, born Oct. 22, 1907; (6) Warren Edward, born Sept. 28, 1913. 9. Albert Wright, born Aug. 30, 1877; married April 12, 1905, Edith Luella French. 10. Austin Howard, born Aug. 30, 1877; married April 30, 1902, Josephine May MacDonald. Children: (1) Donald Austin, born July 23, 1904; (2) Wilhard Grant, born Aug. 9, 1906; (3) Norman Elliot, born June 22, 1908; (4) Ruth, born Sept. 22, 1915. 11. Sidney Augustus, born March 28, 1880; married Oct. 29, 1902, Carrie Hilda Hanson. Children: (1) Ralph Sidney, born July 21, 1904; (2) Eva Gladys, born April 12, 1907; (3) Evelyn Marion, born Aug. 7, 1911, died Sept. 16, 1912; (4) Richard Stearns, born March 21, 1914. The old homestead was a long, low, old-fashioned house, and in this the family lived until 1878, when the present fine set of buildings was erected. Mr. Davis was a member of the Congregational Church and of the Middlesex North- West Temperance Association, and was always intensely interested in their work. He was very conscientious and honest in all his dealings, and was often elected to town office, serving the town as a mem- ber of the school committee, and as assessor of taxes, also holding the office of selectman for a period of ten years. He was a man of rugged constitution and enjoyed good health until a few months before his decease, which occurred Monday July 6, 1914, at the advanced age of 84 years, 5 months and 8 days. The funeral services were JOHN PROCTOR DAVIS GEORGE HEALD ROBBINS 333 held from his late home on the following Thursday. Rev. P. A. Job, pastor of the Congregational Church, of which he was a member, officiated. A quartet sang "Gathering Home" and "God's Ways are Best." Four of his sons served as bearers. Many friends and neighbors gathered to honor his memory and the beautiful flowers that they contributed evidenced the esteem in which he was held. George Heald Robbins Ephraim Robbins, son of Ephraim and Sibyl (Spauld- ing) Robbins, was born in Carlisle May 3, 1796, and died Nov. 18, 1880, and was one of a family of four children. He was educated in the public schools of his native town, and at the academy in Westford, Mass. On Dec. 13, 1821, he was united in marriage to Ann Lovjoy, and they became the parents of a family of six children, four sons and two daughters, as follows: Ephraim Oscar, born Oct. 22, 1822, died Sept. 19, 1903; Malvina Ann, born July 14, 1824, died April 1, 1915; Sibyl Spaulding, born April 16, 1826, died May 1, 1882; John Nelson, born June 30, 1827, died May 21, 1831; George Heald, born Sept. 17, 1830, died April 24, 1919; Henry Clay, born June 27, 1836. The children were all born on the old ancestral farm in the northerly part of Carlisle, which was originally a part of the town of Chelmsford. Robert Robbins, who came to this country before the year 1670, was the founder of this branch of the Robbins family, and either he or his son George was the first owner of the Carlisle farm, title to which has remained in the family to the present time (1920). George Heald Robbins, to whom this article more particularly refers, was educated in the public schools of Carlisle and Lowell. When he was twenty-seven years of age he went to Princeton, Illinois, where he was engaged during the years 1857-58 in surveying land. 334 HISTORY OF CARLISLE On Sept. 15, 1861, he was united by marriage to Mary Heald Melvin. They had three children, Arthur Graham, born July 11, 1862, and Mary Malvina and Carrie Melvin, born March 27, 1864. In October, 1868, Mr. Robbins purchased a farm in the southerly part of Carlisle, where he spent the remainder of his days, engaged in agriculture and surveying. Mr. Robbins was also a very capable town official, and at various times was elected to the position of selectman, assessor, member of school committee and superintendent of schools. His decease was on April 24, 1919, at the advanced age of 88 years, 7 months, 7 days, being at that time, the oldest citizen of the town. The funeral services were held at his late home on April 29 and were attended by a large number of neighbors and friends. Rev. Ben- son P. Wilkins of the Congregational Church, was the officiating clergyman, and the burial was in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Concord. His son, Arthur Graham, graduated from the Massa- chusetts Institute of Technology with the Class of 1886, since which date he has been a member of the instructing staff of the Civil Engineering Department of that insti- tution, from 1896, serving as one of the faculty. Paul Franklin Litchfield Paul Franklin Litchfield, the subject of this sketch, was the grandson of the Rev. Paul Litchfield, who was Carlisle's pastor for so many years in the early history of the town, and the oldest son of Roland Litchfield, who died a comparatively young man. The death of his father placed upon Paul Franklin's youthful shoulders for a time the heavy responsibility of maintaining the home place, assisted by his two younger brothers, William and George. It was characteristic of young Paul that he (;E()R(iE HEALD UOBHIXS PAUL FRANKLIN LITCHFIELD 335 should assume his burden with vigor and courage and the enthusiasm of youth. But he speedily found the task a serious one. Times had changed. The railroad had sup- planted the stage coach, the stone walls of the farm were no longer the boundaries of a profitable career. The country was outgrowing old customs, progress was in the air, and the old was giving way to the new. The com- fortable old homesteads, with their stony acres from which a hard living was wrung, were no longer attractive, at least not to the rising generation. At this period, the establishing of manufacturing centers throughout New England promised better recom- pense than was offered by agricultural pursuits, and per- suaded many to turn to those rapidly growing communities where it was easier to make a living. Paul Franklin's ambitious nature and enterprising spirit answered at once to the call. It is a matter of interest, perhaps, briefly to follow the career of this man, whose achievements in business and social life were so diversified and successful as to stamp him certainly as one of Carlisle's most enter- prising sons. Mr. Litchfield's first business venture was in Saxon- ville, Mass., where he met with success, and incidentally romance, for it was there that he met Sarah Carter, a very pretty Vermont girl, who became his wife. Seeking broader fields, he next took up his abode in Chelsea, and was for a time employed in the clothing store in Boston known as Oak Hall. It was his impulse, however, to progress and seek wider opportunities, so we find him returning to his home town, where he for a while kept a store in a building at the present day occu- pied as a post office. From thence he removed to Lowell, where he devel- oped a very profitable business in the selling of farm products on commission, associated with Charles For- 336 HISTORY OF CARLISLE bush of Carlisle, and later also with W. A. Ingham, also of the same town. He later became interested in the manu- facture of woolen goods at Thetford, Vermont, and also at Merrimac, New Hampshire, in which latter business his oldest son, William F., was interested. In fact, Mr. Litchfield's business interests were many and varied. He possessed in a large measure an adaptability, or perhaps it might be better called a versatility, quite out of the ordinary. With a remarkable quality of judgment, he was the possessor of a sound physical constitution, which enabled him to pursue what to the ordinary man would have been a too strenuous life. He was not a believer in idleness, his watchwords being industry and persistence. In Lowell he owned a beautiful home on Chelmsford Street, known as the W aite place. Eventually he removed to a residence on East Merrimack Street, Belvidere, soon after his retirement from the commission business. He manipulated many heavy real estate deals in Lowell and other places. The Lowell Registrar of Deeds once in- formed the writer of this article that doubtless the name of Paul F. Litchfield figured in the records more often than that of any other man in the county. He was also heavily interested in the establishing of Lowell's first telephone system, in company with W. A. Ingham and others. His alert mind was quick to grasp a new idea and estimate the values of the future. About this time his health began to show signs of becoming impaired and he retired for a couple of years to a farm which he had acquired in Westford. Here he regained strength and became interested in the cattle business. Later he removed to Chelmsford and estabhshed yards in Brighton, where for some years he was one of the largest dealers in cattle in that market, which was the business he was pursuing at the time he was stricken with the illness which terminated his useful and busy life. PAUL FRANKLIN LITCHFIELD DANIEL WEBSTER ROBBINS 337 To those who knew Paul F. Litchfield words of eulogy are superfluous. To know him was to become one of his legion of friends. His breadth of mind, tolerant opinions, and genial nature made him a welcome spirit in any gath- ering. He was by heredity and early training, while perhaps not a devout, yet a devoted church attendant. His Sabbath School class was one of the fondest associa- tions of his life, and he seldom missed its attendance. Mr. Litchfield's tastes were essentially domestic. The happiest moment of his life perhaps, was when all members of his family were seated at his hospitable board. Nor were friends, nor even strangers, less welcome. To Paul F. and Sarah C. Litchfield were born six children, WilHam, Frederick, Adeline, Elizabeth, Susan and Grace. Of these three survive, William, Susan and Grace. Mr. Litchfield never aspired to shine in public life. He sought no political office. He was essentially a business man. His was a rich and a full life, devoted to useful and honorable ends, and this statement in itself is as fitting and suflficient a tribute as can be paid to his memory. His affection for his home town of Carlisle and its asso- ciations never wavered. He died Dec. 23, 1900, at his home in Chelmsford, and sleeps beside his wife in Carlisle s beautiful Green Cemetery. George W. Goode. Daniel Webster Robbins Daniel Webster Robbins, son of John Dana and Carohne Lakin Robbins, was born in Carhsle Jan. 11, 1845. He attended the Carlisle public schools, and did farm work, until the beginning of the Civil War in 1861, when at the age of sixteen he enlisted in Company C, Sixteenth Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, and was in active service under Generals McClellan, 338 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Burnside, Hooker, Meade and Grant for four years, and was honorably discharged as sergeant in 1865. Soon after the war he spent four years in Cahfornia engaged in ranching and kmibering. On returning to his native State and town he learned the mason's trade, and has executed many important contracts in this line, the one most conspicuous, perhaps, being the Gleason Library in Carlisle. On Dec. 20, 1871, he was united in marriage to Lizzie Luella Wilson. They are the parents of six children, as follows: Alice Luella, Wallace A. (deceased), Fred E., Sara Frances, Waldo S. (deceased) and William F. In the year 1885 Mr. Robbins purchased what was known as the Albert Boynton farm, near the village, where he now (1920) lives. He was an active member of Troop F Cavalry, Massachusetts State Militia for twenty years, and first sergeant for eight years. He is a member of Oberlin Lodge No. 28, I. O. O. F., of Lowell. In politics Mr. Robbins is a Republican, and in the fall of the year 1899 was a candidate for Representative from the twenty-seventh Middlesex Representative Dis- trict, a double district, and was defeated by a small margin. His first presidential vote was cast for General Grant. He has always been a very popular candidate for town office, and has held the more important oflSces for varying periods, as follows: town clerk, four years; select- man, eighteen years; assessor, twenty years; overseer, six years ; and has served as moderator of very many town meetings with credit to himself, and entire satisfaction to the voters of the town. Capt. Horace Waldo Wilson Horace Waldo Wilson was born in Billerica on June 30, 1847, and was the eldest of eleven children, four DAMEL WEBSTER ROBBINS CAPT. HORACE WALDO WILSON 339 sons and seven daughters born to Horace Newell and Sybil (Spaulding) Wilson. He received his early educa- tion in the Billerica schools, living in his native town until he was twenty-one years of age; then going to Carlisle, he leased the Paul F. Litchfield farm for one year. He next decided to learn the carpenter's trade, and served an apprenticeship for this purpose with Mr. Alonzo G. Green, of Chelmsford, and was in his employ for ten years. He then spent several years in the occupation of con- tractor and builder, and finally purchased four adjoining farms in the southerly part of Carlisle, on which he made extensive improvements and built a large barn, which he stocked with a large herd of cattle, and engaged in the dairy business, frequently shipping more than fifty cans of milk daily to the Boston market. The place became known as the "Wilson Stock Farm." In connection with his dairy business for several years Captain Wilson also dealt in native wood and lumber at wholesale, employing a number of men and teams that worked the year round. Captain Wilson was a member of the state militia for a period of twenty-eight years, serving as a member of Troop F Cavalry, and after having been advanced through the several non-commissioned offices, was elected and commissioned second lieutenant, June 1, 1883, first lieu- tenant April 21, 1885, and captain Dec. 21, 1888, serving five years in the latter office; he was the first officer to be placed on the retired list, after the passage of the retire- ment law. Captain Wilson was united in marriage with Sarah Elizabeth, only daughter of William M. and Elizabeth Parkhurst, on Jan. 2, 1871. They had an adopted son, Ernest C, and two grandchildren. He was a member of Royal Arch Chapter and Corinthian Lodge of JNIasons of Concord, Middlesex North Pomona Grange, Carhsle 340 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Grange, Spaulding Light Cavalry Association, and a mem- ber of the First Parish Church. Captain Wilson w'll be kindly remembered by the citizens of Carlisle because of his munificent gift to the town of the memorial chapel with furnishings located in Green Cemetery. It was given in memory of his father and mother, Mr. and Mrs. Horace N. Wilson, and is ornamental and useful for the purpose for which it was intended. It was dedicated on Memorial Day, Thursday, May 30, 1907, with appropriate exercises. Captain Wilson died at his home, June 5, 1917, after several weeks of prostrating illness, aged 69 years, 11 months and 5 days. The funeral services were observed at his late home Saturday, June 9, and were attended by Rev. Elvin J. Prescott, pastor of the First Parish Church, of which deceased was a member and a trustee, Mrs. Benjamin Derby of Concord Junction, sang three selec- tions. The body rested in a casket surrounded by a wealth of flowers. Over two hundred people were present, including relatives, neighbors, friends and delegations from organizations of which deceased had been a member. The remains were interred in a cement vault in Green Cemetery, where Masonic services were observed by Eoyal Arch Chapter and Corinthian Lodge of Masons of Concord. Sidney Augustus Bull Sidney Augustus Bull, of Billerica, Mass., was born in Harvard, Mass., Dec. 17, 1847, and was the oldest of three children born to Sidney Haskell and Mercy Sawyer Bull. The other members of the family were John Everett and Abbie Louisa, the latter of whom died Nov. 19, 1870, aged 16 years, 6 months, 17 days, and was buried in the family lot in Harvard. Mr. Bull spent the first eighteen years of his life on the home place, a farm in the easterly CAPTAIN HORACE WALDO WILSOX SIDNEY AUGUSTUS BULL 341 part of Harvard, where he assisted in the farm labors, and attended the public schools of the town. His parents offered him a college education but he had a decided preference for mercantile pursuits, and made his desire known to an uncle who lived in Framing- ham, and it was in the latter part of February, 1866, that a letter from his uncle revealed to him the welcome news that he had secured for him a position in one of the several stores at Framingham Center. The conditions of the contract included a two-years term of service, with board and room, and one hundred dollars additional for the first year, and one hundred and fifty dollars for the second year. The room was a part of the attic over the store, and for considerable of the time he was the only nocturnal occupant of the building. The merchant, Mr. Edwin H. Warren, and his prospective clerk had never met; the merchant, however, sustained the reputation of being very methodical and systematic in the conduct of his business, and consequently could impart good business principles to his employees. The remuneration was at least not very flattering, for it was during the period of reconstruction immediately following the Civil War, when prices for labor and com- modities were comparatively high, for instance, farm labor demanded an average of $2.25 to $2.50 per day, and articles necessary for the home were selling as follows : flour, $25 per barrel; sugar, three pounds for a dollar; forty-inch unbleached cotton at sixty cents per yard; print cloth, thirty-three cents per yard, and other tilings in proportion. But the remuneration was not a con- sideration with the would-be clerk; the main thing was to get a knowledge of the business that he had decided to make his life work. Accordingly, on the last day of February, he bade adieu to his school and home, and on the morning of March 1, 1866, commenced his term of S42 HISTORY OF CARLISLE service, and never spoke of wages until the expiration of the two years, when he was re-engaged for the third year at a price of his own naming. At the close of the third year the confinement of the store life began to be monotonous, and he determined to go back to the farm for a year at least, and on March 1, 1869, returned to the Harvard homestead, where he performed farm labor until the following winter, when he accepted an agency for the autobiography of P. T. Barnum, the great show man, for which he canvassed the towns of Clinton, Hudson and Marlboro with good financial results. In the spring of 1870, hearing of a store business for sale in the town of Carlisle, he made an investigation and was favorably impressed with the apparent business possibilities, and on May 19, 1870, purchased the stock and fixtures of the only mercantile business in the town. On July 1 of the same year he received the appointment of postmaster, which oflSce he held for twenty years, with an interval of two years under the administration of President Cleveland. There was very little store business being done in the town previous to the above transfer, but with the addition of new goods, with diversified lines to satisfy the demands of the people, the volume of business increased, and John E. Bull, brother of the proprietor, was the first clerk employed. Four years later more help was required, and another clerk was added to the force. At the end of five years a partnership was formed, embrac- ing in its membership the two brothers under the firm name of S. A. & J. E. Bull. In 1870 when Mr. Bull commenced business in Carlisle, it was not the usual custom to send out teams for orders, but five years later the custom was getting w^ell established, and the new firm put teams on the road MR. AND MRS. SIDNEY AIGUSTIS BULL SIDNEY AUGUSTUS BULL 343 during five days of each week, finally running to the center of several of the surrounding towns, thus securing many new customers and largely increasing the volume of business, so that many lines of goods were purchased in carload lots. There was a public hall over the store hired by the firm, and on the evening of Feb. 9, 1879, a dramatic entertainment was given there by the Carlisle Squad of Troop F Cavalry of which Mr. Bull was a member. It was near midnight after the close of the entertainment that the building was discovered to be on fire, which originated between the ceiling of the hall and the roof of the building, resulting from a defective chimney. There was no fire apparatus in the town, and the building was burned to the ground. A portion of merchandise from the store was removed to the street, but the loss to the firm by damage and fire was four thousand dollars, and there was no insurance. The occupants of the dwelling in connection with the store, Mr. and Mrs. Alvah D. Boynton, with whom the members of the firm were living, were also losers by the fire. On the following day a small store near by, owned by Mr. Jabez Reynolds, was hired, and the store goods moved in from the street. The firm paid in full every dollar of indebtedness, and purchased from the owner, Mr. Albert Boynton, the site of the old store, on which they erected new and more commodious buildings, including a store sixty by thirty -two, with two tenements in the second story, back store, shed, storehouse and two barns twenty-five by thirty-three each. More than twenty men were employed in constructing the new buildings, under the direction of Mr. Alonzo G. Green of Chelmsford, and it was completed and occupied by the pro- prietors in August, 1879, and without doubt was at least one oi the finest and best arranged stores outside the cities. 344 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Soon after occupying the new store, Mr. Warren B, Chamberlin was added to the working force, and after a few years' clerkship was granted a third interest and became a partner in the business, under the firm name of Bull & Chamberlin. With the better facilities for handling the business, the volume accordingly increased. The second member of the firm, Mr. John E. Bull, because of failing health, soon considered it wise for him to with- draw from membership, and sold his interest to his brother the senior member of the firm, who continued to hold a two-thirds interest in the business until September, 1892, when he sold his interest to his partner, Mr. Cham- berlin, and his brother Daniel L. Chamberlin, who con- tinued the business under the firm name of W. B. & D. L. Chamberlin. On April 25, 1893, Mrs. W. B. Chamberlin, wife of the senior partner of the new firm, purchased and took a deed to the store property and land in Carlisle, and on April 30 of the same year Mr. Bull and family moved to Billerica Center, occupying what was known as the Paul Hill place, which he had purchased from Mr. Hill in October of the previous year. Thus he completed a busy mercantile life of nearly twenty-three years in Carlisle, without ever displaying a business sign on his store, and practically without the leisure to do so. The following is a partial list of the clerks who served an apprenticeship during Mr. Bull's mercantile life in Carlisle: John E. Bull, Gilbert G. Wilkins, Edwin C. Munroe, Elmer J. Taylor, James A. Webster, Dennis A. Long, W^illiam L. Smith, Edwin B. Currier, George P. Davis, Warren B. Chamberlin, Daniel L. Chamberlin, Andrew W. Wilkins, Willie S. Barrett. Mr. Bull was treasurer of the town of Carlisle for nine years, also for varying terms of service he was town auditor, selectman, tax collector, and library ti-ustee. DENNIS A. LONG SIDNEY AUGUSTUS BULL 345 Mr. Bull in politics was a Republican and in the fall of 1879 was elected by a large majority of votes over his Democratic opponent who had carried the district on several previous elections, for representative in the State Legislature from the twenty-sixth Middlesex County Representative District, which included the towns of Concord, Acton, Carlisle and Lincoln. He was one of the youngest members of the House and served as a member of the Committee on County Estimates. Mr. Bull was an active member of Troop F Cavalry of the Militia of Massachusetts for eighteen years, serving under the following commanders: Captains Christopher Roby, Sherman H. Fletcher, Horace W. Wilson and Elisha H. Shaw. He held consecutively the non-com- missioned offices of corporal, guidon, sergeant and com- missary, and because of a change in residence was dis- charged from the service Nov. 10, 1893. He has since been a member of the Spaulding Light Cavalry Asso- ciation. Mr. Bull was united in marriage on April 8, 1885, with Miss Luella Meserve Cann, and began housekeeping in one of the tenements over the Carlisle store. They are the parents of three children, Leslie Augustus, Leila Sawyer and Albert Sidney, all born in Carlisle. On April 8, 1910, they celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of their wedding at their Billerica home. Six hundred invi- tations were sent out; the day was stormy, but a good number responded by their presence. The reception rooms were decorated, an orchestra of four pieces dis- pensed music during the afternoon and evening, and the D. L. Page Company of Lowell catered. At the state election held on Nov. 4, 1902, Mr. Bull was a candidate for Representative in the General Court from the twenty-seventh Middlesex Representative Dis- trict, including the towns of Billerica, Burlington, Carlisle, 346 HISTORY OF CARLISLE Dracut, North Reading, Tewksbury, Wilmington and AYards 5 and 9 in Lowell, forming a double district, but both he and his running mate, William T. Sheppard, Esq., of Lowell, were defeated by their Democratic opponents by a small margin. After moving to Billerica, Mr. Bull's principal busi- ness was farming. He made many improvements in the twelve-acre farm which he had recenth' purchased, and established on it a valuable fruit orchard that produced much prize fruit. As a side line, he secured the agency for several insurance companies, and conducted a fire insur- ance agency for sixteen years, which he finally turned over to his younger son when he completed his college course in 1915. In 1894 he built Central Block, a three- story structure, forty by fifty-four feet, embracing two stores and two tenements, located east of the Billerica Common, on land that formed a portion of his farm. In 1890 Mr. Bull wrote a brief history of the town of Carlisle for the History of Middlesex County. In 1903 he received the appointment of justice of the peace, which office he continued to hold for fourteen years. In 1907, when he and his family were spending a vacation in Washington, D. C, at the request of the Billerica veterans of the Civil War he secured for the town, through the influence of United States Senator H. C. Lodge, a Parrot gun which was used in the Civil War, and which was later mounted on a granite base at the north end of the Com- mon. Mr. Bull was a member of the Orthodox Congrega- tional Church successively in Harvard, Carlisle and Billerica, and one of the incorporators of the First Ortho- dox Congregational Society in Billerica. He was a lover of music, and a choir leader for twenty-five years, sang several seasons with the Lowell Choral Society, and was a charter member of the Los Angeles (California) Oratorio SIDNEY AUGUSTUS BULL 347 Society, where he spent a dozen winters, and when there sang with them. He was also a charter member of the Billerica Grange, and the Billerica Historical Society, being one of the incorporators of the latter. He was vice- president of the JNIiddlesex North Agricultural Society, and for many years a member of its board of trustees. For several years he served as a member of the Billerica Republican town committee, holding at different times the more important offices of chairman, secretary and treasurer. Mr. Bull was a great lover of travel, and spent much money and time in seeing some of the world. After he was married, when his family were growing up, he took them with him, so that his children were several times pupils in the Los Angeles schools. His travels embraced a distance of over two hundred thousand miles by sea and land, and besides including trips through most of the United States and Canada, the Provinces, Mexico, the Bahamas, Bermudas, Cuba, and a trip abroad, including Scotland, England, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland and France. He also attended seven of the great international expositions, at Philadelphia, Paris, Buffalo. Chicago, St. Louis, San Francisco and San Diego. The following genealogical information starts with the genealogy of Capt. Thomas Bull, the pioneer emigrant in America, bearing the family name, which now has many sponsors. Capt. Thomas Bull b. England 1G06, embarked for New England in the "Hopewell," Thomas Babb, Mas- ter, Sept. 11, 1635, settled in Hartford, Conn., m. Susan his wife 1643, d. 1684. a. 78. They had four sons and three daughters. Deacon Thomas Bull (of Capt. Thomas) b. 1646, settled at Farmington, Conn., m. 1669 Esther Cowles. d. 1708, a. 62. They had five sons and three daughters. 348 HISTORY OF CARLISLE John Bull (of Deacon Thomas^ of Capt. Thomas) b. 1670, m. 1698 to Esther Royce. d. 1705, a. 35. They had four children, two of them twins. Thomas Bull (John^ Thomas^ Thomas^ b. 1699, m. Thankful Butler, June 29, 1720. d. 1770, a. 71. They had two sons and four daughters. Samuel Bull (of Thomas of John of Thomas of Thomas) b. 1722, m. Jerusha Hopkins, Nov. 7, 1745. d. 1794, a. 72. They had ten children, six sons and four daughters. Thomas Bull (of Samuel, Thomas, John, Thomas, Thomas) b. Sunday, Nov. 20, 1748, m. Ruth Merriam of Wallingford, Conn. They had four children, viz : Hannah, Merritt, Sabra and Thomas Ransalier. Merritt Bull (of Thomas, Samuel, Thomas, John, Thomas, Thomas) b. July 20, 1775 at Harwinton, Conn., m. Nov. 26, 1801, to Hannah daughter of Aaron Cook of Winchester, Conn., d. May 28, 1824. They had five sons and three daughters. Sidney Haskell Bull (of Merritt, Thomas, Samuel, Thomas, John, Thomas, Thomas) b. Feb. 18, 1806, at Winsted, Conn., m. Nov. 25, 1841, Louisa Hartwell of Littleton, Mass. She d. Dec. 16, 1844. He m. second time Dec. 23, 1846, Mercy Sawyer of Harvard, Mass., d. Aug. 7, 1889, a. 83. They had three children, two sons and one daughter. Sidney Augustus Bull (of Sidney, Merritt, Thomas, Samuel, Thomas, John, Thomas, Thomas) b. Dec. 17, 1847, at Harvard, Mass., m. April 8, 1885, Luella Meserve Cann of Billerica, Mass., being the eldest son of the eldest son all the way down from the original pioneer bearing the family name. They had three children, two sons and one daughter, viz., Leslie Augustus, b. Aug. 24, 1888, at Carlisle, Mass., m. June 18, 1914, Garaphelia Howard; Leila Sawyer, b. Nov. 1, 1890, at Carlisle, n &. (jiit/i. JOHN EVERETT BULL 349 Mass.; Albert Sidney, b. Jan. 12, 1892, at Carlisle, Mass. John Everett Bull John Everett Bull, son of Sidney Haskell and Mercy Sawyer Bull, was born in Harvard, Mass., Nov. 17, 1850. His early life was spent on a farm owned and carried on by his father. His education was obtained in the public schools of the town which kept twelve weeks in the sum- mer and twelve weeks in the winter, and through which he became quite well fitted for business life which he entered in early manhood. May 19, 1870, he came to Carlisle for the first time, entering the employ of his older brother as clerk in the village store. In January, 1875, he was received as partner on equal terms under the firm name of S. A. & J. E. Bull, which firm later became known as Bull & Chamberlin by the entrance of Warren B. Chamberlin into the same. In 1888 Mr. Bull sold his share in the business to his brother and retired from the firm. In 1893 he removed to Billerica Center, erected a modest but comfortable house in which to live and November, 1894, started a fancy dry and furnishing goods store in the same village, in which business he con- tinues at the present writing (1920). He served the town of Carlisle for two terms as School Committee and as Town Clerk for ten years, declining a re-election for further service. April 29, 1880, he was married to Miss Susan M. Butters of Burlington, who proved a willing helper in every good work. Two sons were born to them, Everett Sidney, Oct. 14, 1882, and Wilbur Irving, Feb. 3, 1888. Mr. Bull was actively interested in church and Sunday School work in Carlisle, being Sunday School superintendent for fifteen years and holding the office 350 HISTORY OF CARLISLE when he removed from town. The church of his choice was the Congregational, his pohtical party was Republi- can; in principle, a firm believer in temperance, in practice, a total abstainer; his known position on the latter two points doubtless caused defeat in his only political venture outside of his town when he was a candidate for Repre- sentative to the General Court of the state. Mary A. Green Mrs. Mary A. Green, only child of Joseph and Mary E. (Munroe) Butters, was born in Burlington, Mass., July 22, 1853. She comes of Revolutionary stock. Her great-great-grandfather, Samuel Butters 2d of Wilming- ton, marched on Lexington alarm, April 19, 1775, in Capt. Freeborn Moulton's company of minute men, of Monson, and in Colonel Donnelson's regiment. Her great- grandfather, Joseph Butters, of Wilmington, son of Samuel Butters 2d, enlisted during the war of the Revo- lution in Captain Wright's company, Enoch Hale's regiment of New Hampshire, to reinforce garrison at Ticonderoga. Her great-grandfather, Jonas Munroe, on her mother's side was a descendant from William Munroe, who settled in Lexington (then Cambridge Farms). Said Jonas Mun- roe of Carlisle (then Billerica) was in Solomon Pollard's company of militia, Colonel Green's regiment, which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service one day; also Capt. Solomon Kidder's Company, Colonel Brook's regiment; return endorsed "1776" and probably made up at White Plains; said Munroe reported as having lost articles in battle and as having been sent with the wounded, Mrs. Green received her early education in the public schools of her native town; later she received private instruction for about three years, which fitted her for enter- MRS. MARY A. GREEN MARY A. GREEN 351 ing Mt. Holyoke Seminary in advance. School teaching, which she enjoyed, occupied her attention for a few years; she taught the "Mountain School" in Burhngton and later the West and Center Schools of Carlisle. April -27, 1880, she married Thomas A. Green, son of Capt. Thomas and Maria Green, and came to Carlisle, where she has since lived. Mrs. Green, believing it to be a privilege, as well as a duty, to be helpful in the community where one lives, has willingly worked for everything which would con- tribute to the honor and benefit of the town. She has served the town in the follo^\'ing offices: was elected a trustee of the pubhc library in 1893, an office she has held up to the present time, with the exception of one year. Over seven years she served on the school board: during that time, in 1898, the board took active measures for the consolidation of the schools. A beginning was made by having the schoolhouse in the East district brought to the center of the town. Pupils in tlu'ee of the districts were brought to the two schoolhouses in the center, where they were graded. Tliis action proved later the necessity of having a new schoolhouse where all the pupils of the town could be accommodated and where they could receive better instruction. Since 1890 she has given generously of her time and strength, as librarian of Gleason Public Library; previous to that time she had assisted in Hbrary work for about nine years, when the library was in private houses. After the completion of the Gleason Library building, in 1896, before it was opened to the public, ^Irs. Green made the first classified catalogue. The classification of the books at that time greatly lessened the work when, some years later, the library was recatalogued under the card system, the Free Public Library Commission directing the work. The aim of Mrs. Grtvn as librarian and trustee, has been 352 HISTORY OF CARLISLE to anticipate the needs of the library and when possible, have them supplied. Warren Bradley Chamberlin Warren Bradley Chamberlin was born in Bath, N. H., Feb. 23, 1854. He was the son of Isaac H. and Jane (Lang) Chamberlin, one of seven children, having three sisters and three brothers. His early life was passed in Bath, attend- ing school and working on his father's farm. In 1876 he married Elizabeth Delano Tower of Cohasset, Mass., and the next year removed to Carlisle, buying the farm called the Eastman place in the east part of the town. In 1884 he sold the farm and worked for S. A. & J. E. Bull in their general store. In 1886 he entered the firm as partner, later buying out the business and in company with his brother, Daniel L. Chamberlin, carrying it on under the firm name of W. B. & D. L. Chamberlin. On account of ill health he sold his share of the business to his brother in 1907 and spent the remaining years of his life in light farming. After many years of ill health he died Nov. 6, 1919. During his residence in Carlisle he held most of the town offices within the gift of the town, and was town treasurer for nineteen years. He was for thirty- three years a member of the Congregational church in Carlisle, a part of the time serving as Sunday school superintend- ent, and a great lover of music. He was, as long as his health permitted, a faithful member of the church choir. On account of ill health, Mr. Chamberlin, accom- panied by his wife, spent two years in Southern Cali- fornia, most of the time living in Los Angeles or Monrovia; in the latter place he was employed in one of the leading grocery stores. For several years Mr. Chamberlin was a member of the State Militia, serving as a member of the Carlisle WARREN BRADLEY ( HAMHERLIX WILLIAM FRANKLIN LITCHFIELD 353 Squad, Troop F. Cavalry. Mr. Chamberlin was at two different times appointed postmaster for the town of Carlisle, serving in this eapaeity nearly five and one- half years, and was a justice of the peace for twenty- four years. William Franklin Litchfield William Franklin Litchfield, oldest son of Paul F. Litchfield, was born in Saxonville, Mass., June 16, 1857. His boyhood days were spent mostly in Carlisle, where he attended school at the old red brick schoolhouse in the Center. Later, when his parents moved to Lowell, he returned at the age of fourteen to live with his grand- mother at the old Litchfield parsonage, where he took care of five cows and the stock of the farm, attending mean- while the North School. To write in detail of the varied and enterprising career of William F. Litchfield would require a great deal more space than it is permitted to give here. ]\Iany a young nuin has been aptly spoken of as being a "chip of the old block." There is no doubt that such a thing as heredity really exists, and perhaps much of the remarkable physical energy and business capacity possessed by Paul F. Litchfield was handed down to his son. William F. Litchfield started life with a purpose, to which he has firmly adhered, and this was to win success. That he has won it is due to perseverance and devotion to ideals of absolute honesty much to his credit. His business training was greatly assisted by a course at Bryant & Stratton's Business College. His first employment away from home was as messenger boy in the Western Union Telegraph office in Lowell. Next he became engaged in the clothing business, and eventually proved his executive ability to such an extent that he was given the manage- ment of his father's woolen mills at Merrimac, N. H. 354 HISTORY OF CARLISLE He was married to Amy C. Taylor of Maynard, Mass., in 1880, and later in 1883 removed to Minneapolis, Minne- sota, a rapidly growing city in those days, where he con- ducted a profitable hardware business, and sold and installed the first street lamps used in that city. Not caring much for the West, he returned to Lowell and bought the grocery store at the corner of Fayette and Andover Streets, removing later to the corner of High and Andover Streets, where he established a successful trade, remaining there for ten years. But with the progressive instincts of the true busi- ness man, he was ever on the watch for a change that might advance him on the highway to fortune, and seeing what he believed to be his opportunity, he sold out his grocery store and transferred his interests to Maynard, Mass., where he engaged in the coal business. Here he was the first man in that vicinity to establish up-to-date machinery for the handling of coal, and devised and built his own elevator after his own ideas. This meant also the construction of an expensive steel bridge across the Assabet River from his coal pockets to his office. His success was assured and for twenty-five years he has remained a resident of the progressive town of Maynard. He is prominent in town affairs, otherwise than political, is a director of the Maynard Bank, and has a beautiful home in the most desirable part of the town. He has lately retired from business. Mr. Litchfield is a devoted family man, has hosts of friends, and can surely feel that his efforts have yielded him a full meed of that prosperity and happiness which is the life object of the average man of worth. George W. Goode. Dennis A. Long Born in Carlisle, Aug. 10, 1866. Was taught hard work in early life and has never forgotten it. Decided WILLIAM FRANKLIN LITCHFIELD DENNIS A. LONG 355 while employed by S. A. & J. E. Bull, as clerk in their Carlisle store, that it was necessary to obtain at least a limited education. Left Carlisle to go to school in Lowell, where he attended the jNIann School one term, winning first prize for improvement in penmanship, the cause for which he ascribes to the fact that he was so poor a writer at the start. He took the examination for the Lowell High School in the forenoon, and in the afternoon was working in the hayfield in the employ of Benjamin Heald, in Billerica. He completed the three-years course in the Lowell High School in a little more than two years. During this period he was employed in newspaper work on the old Morning Times, and was elected president of the graduating class. He continued in the newspaper work in Lowell until the year 1890, when he went South, where in 1892, he helped to organize the Southern Baseball League, becoming owner and manager of one of the teams. In 1894 he selected the cities and organized the Western Baseball League, managing and owning the Toledo, Ohio, team. In his eight years of baseball experi- ence he developed more young ball players than had ever been brought out up to that time by any one manager. After spending nine years in the South, West and Central States, he returned to Lowell in 1899 and established the Lowell Sunday Telegram, which has been a prosperous business venture, and a newspaper very extensively read, and of much influence. He owns the five-story Telegram Building in the heart of Lowell, and is one of the large taxpayers. Mr. Long was united by marriage July IC, 1901, with Miss Mary A. Gorman of Lowell, who was a teacher in the Lincoln School. They have four children, one son, and three daughters, and reside at GIO Andover Street, Lowell. I INDEX Acton, 8, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 48, 153, 213, 221, 225 Adams, Albion A., 88 Adams, Amos, 311 Adams, Clara M., 144 Adams, George G., 114 Adams, James, 7 Adams, Joanna, 305 Adams, John Q., 88 Adams, Joseph, 2 Adams, Maria J., 311 Adams, Samuel, 83 Adams, Capt. Timothy, 46 Adams, Timothy, 314 Allen, Col. Charles H., 103 Amos, Amos, 45 Anderson, John, 92 Andrews, Abraham, 44 Andrews & Wheeler, 101 Andrews, Edmond, 20 Andrews, Issacher, 16, 19, 43, 128 Andrews, Jeremiah, 14 Andrews, Lucy, 194 Andrews, Nehemiah, 30, 31, 129 Andrews, Solomon, 156, 276, 319 Anthon, Joseph, 92 Anthony, James S., 131 Armes, Rev. A. Herbert, 219, 223 Bailey, Mary, 176 Baker, John S., 36 Baldwin, Amos, 26, 313 Baldwin, Mary A., 313 Ballard, Rev. Josiah, 214 Banister, Elizabeth E. H., 314 Banister, Rev. Seth W., 48 Barrett, Benjamin, 42, 48, 71, 83, 84, 129, 291 Barrett, Benjamin, Jr., 56 Barrett, Joseph, 242 Barrett, Sabra N., 291 Barrett, W. S., 38 Barritt, Christopher, 20 Barron, Oliver, 19 Bartlett, Frank S., 54, 311 Bartlett, Mercy Virginia, 312 Bartlett, Sibra D., 130, 312 Bearce, Eugene S., 131 Bedford, 25, 70, 80, 81, 83 Beissert, Herman, 92 Bellow Hill, 239 Bent, James E., 146 Billerica, 8, 14, 15, 16, 23, 115, 157 Billington, Rev. F. H., 58, 59, 78, 127 Bingham, Emily, 299 Bingham, Harris, 194, 298 Bingham, Hervey, 311 Bingham, Maria, 302 Bingham, M. Jennie, 311 Bixbv, Moses M., 92 Blaisdell, A. C, 37, 38 Blaisdell, Benjamin F., 50, 301 Blaisdell, Edgar I., 38 Blaisdell, Ella I., 301 Blaisdell, Hattie J., 311 Blaisdell, Hiram W., 307 Blaisdell, Isaac, 30, 40, 301 Blaisdell, John C, 311 Blaisdell, John G., 39 Blaisdell, Marv W. Skelton, 307 Blaisdell, Mrs. Lucy M., 167 Blaisdell, Susan G., 301 Blaisdell, Mrs. Sybel G., 298 Blanchard, Rev. Amos, 209 Blanchard, E. A., 98 Blood, Abel, 292 Blood, Amos, 24 Blood, Anna, 194 Blood, Barrett, 45 Blood, Frederick, 33, 129 Blood, John X., 88 Blood, Jonathan, 1, 2, 3, 4, 128 Blood, Jonathan N., 316 Blood, Marv, 290 Blood, MarV E., 290 Blood, Mrs. Melietable, 274 Blood, Phineas, 19, 128, 155, 291 Blood, Phineas, 292 357 358 INDEX Blood, Mrs. Sarah, 292 Blood, Sarah, 172, 194 Blood, Susan M., 290 Blood, Mrs. Susanna, 292 Blood, Silas, 292 Blood, Simon, Jr., 19, 74, 80, 128, 292 Blood, Capt. Stephen, 31, 83, 274 Blood, Stephen, Jr., 43 Blood, Willard, 19 Blood, William, 88, 315 Blood, William H., 88 Blood, Zeehariah, 2 Blood's Farm, 1, 3, 5 Booth, Frank, 37 Boston, Phillip, 45 Bowdoin, Lieut. James, 22 Boynton, Albert, 50, 214, 304 Boynton, Joel, 48, 299 Boynton, Mary, 304 Boynton, Samuel, 208 Bradley, J. J., 37 Breen, Thomas, 92 Brock, Minnie H., 308 Brooks, Jonathan, 3 Brown, A. R., 65 Brown, Eleazer, 2 Brown, Edward, 19 Brown, Samuel, 51, 155 Brown, Thomas, 18 Brown, Corp. W. H., 92 Bruce, John W., 229 Bull, Albert S., 261 Bull, John E., 127, 349, 350 Bull, Leila S., 260 Bull, Leslie Augustus, 260 Bull, Mrs. Luella M., 98 Bull, Sidney A., 39, 100, 101, 102, 128, 130, 340, 349 Bull, Mrs. Susan W., 98 Bull, Wilbur I., 259 Biu-kett, Amanda Josephine, 313 Burkett, N. J., 37 Burrell, Lily Wilson, 314 Butler, Joseph, Jr., 45 Buttrick, Nathan, 18 Buttrick, Nathan, Jr., 293 Buttrick, Thankful A. G., 293 Carlisle Common, 33 Carlisle, England, 7, 251, 252 Carlisle Pines, 122 Carlton, John, 93 Carr, Charles A., 246 Carr, E. J., 40, 61, 305 Carr, Mrs. E. J., 110 Carr, Frank F., 258 Carr, J. F., 34, 106 Carr, Walter A., 259 Carroll Brothers, 60 Carter, George W., 93 Casey, F. A., Co., 115 Central Burying Ground, 31, 47, 69, 212 Chamberlin, D. L., 39, 59, 127 Chamberlin, W. B., 39, 66, 127, 128, 352-353 Champney, Ebenezer, 302 Champney, John H., 39, 88 Champney, Sarah, 302 Chandler, James, 3 Chase, Elizabeth, 172 Chelmsford, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 25, 77, 93, 118, 157, 206 Church, Dr. John H., 177 Clark, Henry N., 37 Clarke, Thomas, 13 Clary, Rev. J. W., 196 Conant, Andrew, 312 Conant, Anna Maria, 312 Concord Bridge, 64 Concord River, 4, 5, 6, 10, 16, 64, 80, 81, 84, 85 Concord, Mass., 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 15, 16, 18, 25, 44, 48, 50, 80, 104, 118, 144 Cook, Fred C, 61, 131 Cotton, Roland, 13 Crosby, John, 45 Crosby, Sarah, 23 Cumber, George, 89 Currier, Edna F., 166 Currier, Edwin B., 37 Ciu-rier, Edwin C, 89 Currier, J. M., 130 Cutter, John E., 39 Davis, Charles S., 246 Davis, Lydia A., 309 Davis, Capt. Isaac, 48 Davis, Ephraim, 308 Davis, John, Jr., 10 Davis, John P., 57, 130, 305, 331-333 Davis, Rebecca, 308 Davis, Samuel, 10 INDEX 359 Day, Albert S., 34, 130 Day, B. F., 98 Day, Elijah N., 89 Dight, Alexander, 203 Dix, R. Wilson, 60 Dow, E. L., 37 Dowden, Rev. William H., 215 Dracut, 211 Drake, Samuel Adams, 7 Dunklee, J. J., 40 Dunn, Annie M., 309 Dunn, George N., 309 Durant, Reuben, 45 Durant, William 129 Duren, Asa, 314 Duren, Frederick, 89 Duren, George F., 32, 49, 127, 214, 241, 309, 328-329, Duren, George R., 59, 66 Duren, Hermon L., 309 Duren, I. F., 34 Duren, Isaac, 36, 290, 309 Duren, Isaac, 209 Duren, John H., 308 Duren, Lucy A. F., 309 Duren, Mary, 309 Duren, Reuben, 33, 275 Duren, Sarah, 314 Duren, Mrs. Susanna, 275 Duren, Warren C, 37, 61 Dutton, Herbert P., 220 Dutton, Mary M., 285 Dutton, Myranda, 89, 285 Eastman, Sebina, 318 Elbin, Levi, 92 Emery, Samuel, 22 Emmons, Rev. Nathaniel, 174 Esty, F. M., 146 Esty, John M., 89 Fadden, R. E., 246 Farrar, Lucy, 285 Farrar, Lydia A. G., 101 Farrar, Lydia G., 75, 77, 285 Farrar, Stephen, 285 Farrar, William, 75, 285 Fenderson, Simeon B., 92 Fitch, D. W., 115 Fletcher, Aaron, 129 Fletcher, Capt. Aaron, 304 Fletcher, Henry, 20 Fletcher, Sally, 305 Fletcher, Sarah, 18 Flint, Amos, 20 Forbush, Charles, 65, 66, 85, 89 Forbush, Emma L., 104, 302 Forbush, Hannah, 285 Forbush, Joseph, 88 Forbush, Olive, 302 Forbush, Paul, 284 Forbush, Paul G., 31, 50, 83, 129, 302 Foss, William, Jr., 37, 237 Foster, Agness, 172 Foster, Benjamin, 155, 317 Foster, Lieut. Benjamin, 275 Foster, Sarah, 318 French, George E., 120 Garland, Rev. Joseph, 213, 214 Gerow, John S., 39 Gerow, R. A., 247 Gilson, Albert A., 89 Gleason, Joanna, 107, 108, 120, 121, 329-331 Grant, General, 49 Green, Mrs. Abi, 279 Green, Anna S., 284 Green, Asa, 256, 280 Green, Lieut. Asa, 19, 20, 65, 74, 278 Green, Benjamin, 284 Green Cemetery, 32, 67, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76 Green, Charles, 303 Green, Cyrus, 129, 283 Green, Elizabeth A., 304 Green, Mrs. Elizabeth, 278 Green, Mrs. Elizabeth, 283 Green, Mrs. Emma J., 104 Green, Mrs. Esther, 281 Green, Ephraim, 283 Green, George W., 39 Green, Miss H. L. C, 72, 73, 101, 280 Green, Hannah (wife of Isaiah), 279 Green, Harriet P., 308 Green, Isaiah, 83, 129, 279 Green, James, 129, 299 Green, Jefferson, 282 Green, John, 128, 129 Green, Capt. John, 19, 279 Green, Dea. John, 56, 70, 71, 283 Green, John P., 89 Green, John Q. A., 100, 103, 107, 306 Green, Joseph W., 284 360 INDEX Green, Leonard, 44, 49, 282 Green, Mrs; Lois (wife of James), 299 Green, Mrs. Lois (wife of Nathan), 280 Green, Lois, 280 Green, Lucinda, 305 Green, Mrs. Lydia, 282 Green, Lydia Hasting, 303 Green, Maria F., 306 Green, Martha, 172 Green, Mrs. Martha, 279 Green, Martha A., 284 Green, Mrs. Mary (wife of Deacon John), 283 Green, Mrs. Mary A., 98, 350-352 Green, Nathan, 51, 65, 128, 129, 280 Green, Nathan, Jr., 31, 33, 46, 56, 281 Green, Patty, 284 Green, Mrs. Rebekah, 282 Green, Samuel, 14, 110, 128, 281 Green, Samuel, 282 Green, Samuel S., 110 Green, Sarah, 195 Green, Mrs. Sarah, 281 Green, Silas, 283 Green, Mrs. ThanMul, 282 Green, Capt. Thomas, 40, 53, 71, 86, 305, 323-325 Green, Thomas, 128, 164 Green, Thomas A., 34, 59, 75, 101, 315 Green, Tilly, 15, 284 Green, William, 42, 57, 65, 66, 128, 129, 308 Green, William, 2d, 40 Green, Zacheus, 43, 128, 278 Grenier, Joseph, 37 Hagan, Cris, 38 Hale's Brook, 240 Hall, L B., 110 Hammond, T. M., 98 Hancock, John, 22 Hardy, Daniel, 311 Hardy, Ebenezer, 19 Hartwell, Asa, 45 Hartwell, John, 3 Hartwell, Rachel, 195 Hartwell, Samuel, 45 Harwood, Lucy, 195 Harvey, Attie A., 313 Haywood, Capt. Nathan, 31, 154 Hazen, Rev. Henry A., 1 Heald, Abi, 195 Heald, Ai, 262, 316 Heald, Alfred, 89 Heald, Austin M., 89 Heald, Betsey, (wife of E^hraim), 309 Heald, Betsey, (wife of Jonathan), 298 Heald, Betsey A., 298 Heald, Benjamin F., 130, 164, 316, 325, 326 Heald, Benjamin F., 2d, 76 Heald, Calvin, 127, 307 Heald, Cyrus, 40, 129, 127 Heald, Ephraim, 309 Heald, George E., 37 Heald, H. F., 38 HeaM, Hannah Page Nutting, 303 Heald, Capt. Israel, 19, 43 Heald, Jonathan, 298 Heald, Capt. John, Jr., 129 Heald, John, 83 Heald, Lieut. John, 19, 128 Heald, John W., 49 Heald, Jonathan, 24, 27, 28, 45, 51, 128, 129, 276 Heald, Jonathan, Jr., 127 Heald, Joseph, 194 Heald, Joseph V., 39, 129 Heald, Josiah, 20 Heald, Luranah G., 316 Heald, Mrs. Mary, 297 Heald, Mary C, 307 Heald, Capt. Samuel, 22, 128, 297 Heald, Lieut. Silas, 276 Heald, Susan, 76, 316 Heald, Thomas, 33, 45, 70, 83, 129, 155, 163, 297 Heald, Capt. Timothv, 129 Heald, Timothy W., 89 Heald, Warren F., 89 Heald, William G., 303 Heald, W. I., 117 Henderson, Benjamin, 92 Hervey, Rev. Mr., 200 Heywood, Lieut. Nathan, 46 Hide, Samuel, 9 Hill, Artemas, 315 Hill, Betsey R., 315 HUl, Franklin L, 92 Hodgman, Abel G., 67 Hodgman, Amos H., 89 Hodgman, Elizabeth, 195 Hodgman, Josiah, 104, 293, 302 INDEX 361 Hodgman, Lucy, 293 Hodgman, Luther I., 89 Hodgman, Thomas, 19 Holland Farm, 53 Holland, John W., 52, 53 Hooper, Henry N., & Co., 164 Hopkins, Rev. Daniel, 174 Howe, John, 90 Hull, Richmond N., 93 Hutchins, Benjamin P., 129 Hutchins, E. S., 32, 49, 101, 303 Hutchins, Eliakim, 129 Hutchins, Freeman, 89 Hutchins, Samuel M., 90 Hutchins, Sarah, 303 Hutchins, Thomas J., 90 Hutchinson, C. H., 26, 304 Hutchinson, Hattie, 106 Hutchinson, Joseph, 271 Hutchinson, Lavina H., 304 Hutchinson, Levi S., 164, 304 Hutc'ninson, Martha A. Duren, 300 Hutchinson, Nathaniel, 300 Hutchinson, Nathaniel, 290 Hutchinson, Nathaniel, 29, 32, 40, 128, 241, 271 Hutchinson, Mrs. Susan, 104 Hutchinson, Mrs. Thankful. 290 Hutchinson, Mrs. Thankful, 271 Ingham, William A., 87, 90 Jackson, Peter, 92 Jacobs, John, 48, 56, 66, 67, 71, 82, 129, 149, 211, 278 Jacobs, John, Jr., 67, 127, 278 Jacobs, Mrs. Mable, 195, 278 Jacobs, Mrs. Maria, 278 Jacobs, Martin, 231 Jennerson, Matthew, 45 Jessler, Gottlieb, 92 Job, Rev. Philip, 125 Johnson, James W., 313 Jones, Emily F., 317 Jones, George E., 38 Kemp, James, 29, 30, 45, 152 Keniston, Ann E. Stone. 314 Keniston, Henry, 93, 314 Kennedy, Richard, 92 Kenney, Samuel, 37 Keyes, Ephraim, 8 Kibby, Samuel, 19 Kidder, Amos, 242 Kidder, Thomas, 10 Kittredge, Paul C, 133 Koford, Harold W., 247 Koford, Walter, 38 Kuntz, Joseph A., 92 Lakin, Betsy, 297 Lamson, Paul, 45 Lane, Rev. Walter E., 203 Lassen, Viggs I., 68 LawTence, Rev. John, 212, 213, 214 Lee, Mrs. Anna, 104 Lee, Carrie, 104 Lee, Herbert A., 127, 128 Lee, Herbert E., 60 Lee, Marshall, 34 Lee, Ma'-y S., 315 Lexington, 6, 44, 48, 50, 206 Lincoln, 6 Linsted, Ole, 60 Litchfield, Albert, 90 Litchfield, Clara, 317 Litchfield, Franklin, 256 Litchfield, George M., 90, 317 Litchfield, George T., 93 Litchfield, James J., 90 Litchfield, Mabel, 67 Litchfield, Mrs. Mary, 268 Litchfield, Mary B., 289 Litchfield, Rev. Paul, 69, 70, 75, 166, 207, 268, 322, 323 Litchfield, Paul, 290 Litchfield, Paul Franklin, 312, 334-337 Litchfield, Roland, 269 Litchfield, Roland, 289 Litchfield, Sarah E. Carter, 313 Litchfield, William F., 90, 289, 353- 354 Little, George, Jr., 247 Locke, Warren P., 90 Long, Capt. A. E., 117 Long, Dennis A., 354-355 Long, James W., 60 Long, Jeremiah, 112 Lorrain, Wilfred, 60 Lovering, James H.. 247 Lovering, Joseph, 146 Lowell, 41, 42, 52, 62, 93, 103 Luce, Rev. Leonard, 215 362 INDEX Lyan, Michael, 38 Lyons, Martin, 92 Macdonald, Rev. L. B., 110 Mackensay, James, 45 Mahoney, John, 92 Mann, Rev. Asa, 216 Manning, Warren H., 121 March, Austin T., 40 Marden, Hon. George A., 110 Marsh, Austin, 73, 127 Marsh, Dr. Austin, 106, 307, 327-328 Marsh, Dr. James E., 144 Marsh, Mary W. Skelton, 307 Marsh, Palmer A., 93 Mason, Clarissa E., 312 Mason, Marshall, 96, 312 Maybury, Orrin, 90 McCrady, George, 312 McDonald, Benson, 313 Means, William N., 92 Meek, Timothy, 207 Melvin, Mary F., 309 Mernick, William, 247 Mevis, Rev. Lyman, 109 Mevis, Mrs. Lyman, 110 Miller, Charles R., 37, 248 Miller, R. O., 248 Minot, James, 6 Mongovern, John, 92 Monroe, Amos T., 40 Monroe, A. Warren, 300 Monroe, George V., 90 Monroe, Mary E., 300 Monroe, Rebeccah, 286 Monroe, Reuben, 286 Monroe, William H., 90 Moore, Martin, 145 Moore, William, 90 Morril, Reuben S., 92 Morse, Mrs. Ella, 111 Morse, W. W., 42 Munroe, Jonas, 286 Munroe, Nathan, 19 Munroe, Nathan B., 44 Munroe, Ruth. 172 Munroe, Mrs. Sarah, 286 Murphy, John, 92 NefiF, Patrick, 45 Nelson, Albert, 257 Nelson, Dr. John, 39 Nelson, John, 128 Nickles, Ensign Abel, 46 Nickles, Abel, 90 Nickles, Asa, 87, 306 Nickles, Asa Parker, 307 Nickles, Charles E., 90 Nickles, Ezekiel, 293 Nickles, Capt. Ezekiel, 46, 71, 129 Nickles, Fred P., 37, 259 Nickles, George, 98 Nickles, George P., 49, 91, 316 Nickles, Gilman, 34, 40 Nickles, James, 43 Nickles, James W., 264 Nickles, Jefferson, 161 Nickles, John, 20 Nickles, John C, 39 Nickles, Lavina, 298 Nickles, Maria L., 300 Nickles, Mary Ellen, 307 Nickles, Olive, 307 Nickles, Otis, 91, 298 Nickles, Prescott, 34, 71, 300 Nickles, Rebekah, 293 Nickles, Mrs. Ruhannah, 291 Nickless, Sarah A., 316 Nickles, Stephen, 94 Nickles, Varnum, 294 Nickles, W. Clifford, 264 Nixon, Joseph, 44 Norcross, George E., 91 North Bridge, 6, 18, 80, 152 Northum, William H., 90 Noyes, Hobart M., 146 Nuting, Hannah, 194 Nuting, Sarah, 194 Nutting, Amos H., 294 Nutting, Cyrus, 33 Nutting, Hannah, 294 Old Concord Road, 24 Old Hodgman House, 66 Oliver, Peter, 45 Olsen, Martin, 38 O'Neal, John, 92 Osgood, Isaac P., 91 Otterson, George L, 38 Page, Betsy, 291 Page, Ezra, 302 Page, G. W., 98 Page, Gilbert W., 299 INDEX 363 Page, Herbert A., 85 Page, John, 168 Page, Lucy A., 304 Page, Sarah A., 299 Page, Thomas, 291 Page's Brook, 240 Parker, Artemas, 39, 86, 289 Parker, Frederick, 257 Parker, Jonas, 53 Parker, Maj. Jonas, 129, 275 Parker, Lydia, 194 Parker, Nathaniel, 19, 30, 39, 155, 275 Parker, Mrs. Olive, 275 Parker, Olive Maria, 144 Parker, Sarah A., 289 Parker, Sidney A., 91 Parkhurst, Charles E., 60 Parkhurst, S. Elizabeth, 300 Parkhurst, William M., 300 Parlin, Asa, 24, 74, 82, 154, 155, 286 Parlin, David, 2 Parlin, David, Jr., 276 Parlin, Mrs. Elizabeth, 286 Parlin, John, 1 Parlin, Nathan, 128 Parlin, Nathan, Jr., 45 Parlin, Mrs. Sarah, 287 Parlin, Sarah, 74 Parlin, Mrs. Susannah, 287 Parlin, Thaddeus, 45 Patten, Rev. Abel, 210 Patten, Mrs. Lydia S., 105, 106 Patten, Rev. Moses, 105, 216 Peck, Ernest D., 248 Pedersen, Alfred, 38 Pedersen, O. E., 249 Pedersen, Palmer, 37 Pedersen, Tora, 238 Petersen, Edwin, 248 Petersen, J. A., 249 Petersen, Paul, 249 Phips, S., 13 Pierce, Rev. Granville, 234 Piper, Rev. George F., 99 Power, James T., 88, 316 Powers, Rev. James T., 73, 76 Prescott, Rev. E. J., 236 Prescott, Humphrey, 128, 310 Prescott, John H., 91 Prescott, Martha M., 311 Prescott, Mary C. Adams, 317 Prescott, Mary T., 311 Prescott, W. A., 115, 317 Prescott, William, 104 Proctor, Josiah K., 91 Proctor, Mary, 194 Proctor, Samuel, 44 PuflFer, Jonathan, 8 Puffer, Winthrop, 37 Pulsifer, Joanna B., 311 Railtree Hill, 122 Raymond, William, 207 Revolutionary Tavern, 64, 65 Reynolds, Mrs. Edward, 111 Richardson, Mrs. Serlina, 77, 284 Ricker, Lillian, 166 Ricker, Winfield S., 313 Ridler, Samuel F., 93 Riley, Cornelius, 92 Riley, Peter, 312 Ritz, Jacob F., 92 River Meadow Brook, 240 Robbins, A. G., 258 Robbins, Aaron, 129, 274 Robbins, Anna, 296 Robbins, Benjamin, 45, 129 Robbins, Caroline Lakin, 296 Robbins, Charles H., 91 Robbins, Charlotte E., 297 Robbins, Daniel T., 337-338 Robbins, Daniel W., 36, 61, 79, 91, 102, 107, 127 Robbins, Edson B., 37 Robbins, Ephraim, 43, 40, 127, 129 273 Robbins, Ephraim, 296 Robbins, F. E., 79, 166 Robbins, George H., 42, 333-334 Robbins, Henry C, 94 Robbins, Deacon John, 273 Robbins, Lieut. John, 274 Robbins, John, 14, 19, 23 Robbins, John, Jr., 19 Robbins, John D., 130, 296, 325 Robbins, Jonas, 19, 20, 273 Robbins, Jonathan, 20, 297 Robbins, Mrs. Lizzie L., 98 Robbins, G. Maria, 296 Robbins, Mrs. Mary, 273 Robbins, P. N., 295 Robbins, Samuel, 80 Robbins, Samuel H., 297 Robbins, Mrs. Sarah, 273 364 INDEX Robbins, Sarah Helen, 297 Robbins, Mrs. Sibbil, 273 Robbins, William F., 233 Rogers, Charles A., 93 Rose, E. B., 165, 312 Roseten, Thomas, 93 Russell, Hannah, 304 Russell, J. S., 257 Russell, Lieut. James, 152, 272 Russell, James, Jr., 45 Russell, Ly.lia Potter, 272 Russell, W. L., 256 Sargent, E. J. D., 295 Sargent, R. E., 249 Saunders, Harry G., 37 Sawver, John, Jr., 154 Schoolcraft, W. R., 250 Schoolhouse Hill, 60, 62 Scott, J. Adolphus, 317 Scott, James, 93 Scott, Louisa E., 306 Scott, Mary G., 306 Scott, Samuel E., 306 Scott, Samuel E., 130 Shedd, William, 10 Sheely, David, 93 Shirley, William, 11 Simonds, Rebecca, 289 Simons, Clarissa, 277 Simons, Selar, 40, 49, 71, 86, 127, 277 Skelton, Artemas, 294 Skelton, George S., 130 Skelton, George S., 308 Skelton, Martha J., 308 Skelton, Mary, 294 Skelton, Susan A., 307 Skilton, Mary, 195 Smith, Rev. J. S., 164 Smith, Rev. P., 210, 211 Sorli, J. A., 250 South Chelmsford, 265 Southmayed, Rev. D. L., 196 Spaulding, Amos, 256, 277 Spaulding, Dorcas P., 277 Spaulding, Dorothy B., 277 Spaulding, Harriet B., 305 Spaulding, Henry, 305 Spaulding, Harriet B., 305 Spaulding, Jonathan, 242 Spaulding, Thomas, 19, 20, 272 Spaulding, Mrs. Thomas, 273 Spaulding, Zebulun, 19, 22, 127, 128, 277 Spencer Brook, 240 Spring, Rev. Samuel. 174 Stacy, Rev. George W., 132, 200 Stearns, Elijah, 154 Stearns, Esther M. G., 303 Stearns, Lowell, 303 Stevens, Samuel, P., 40 Stevens, William, 212 Stevenson, Thomas G., 91 Stickney, William, 18, 19 Stiles, Lucius, 39 Stone, Benjamin, 2 Stone, Ebenezer, Jr., 45 Stone, Reuben E., 94 Stowe, William F., 232 Styles, Lucius, 129 Summerbell, Rev. B. F., 202 Taylor, Abel, Jr., 211, 310 Taylor, Abel, Jr., 75 Taylor, Abraham, 287 Taylor, Abram, 45 Taylor, Artemas, 57, 310 Taylor, Aurelia S., 310 Taylor, Charles S., 38 Taylor, Elizabeth, 172 Taylor, Emeline Parker, 288 Taylor, Widow Esther, 272 Taylor, Fanny, 288 Taylor, Frances, 310 Taylor, Francis, Maria Manning, 288 Taylor, Mrs. Francis, 287 Taylor, George, 310 Taylor, James, 310 Taylor, James E., 61 Taylor, John, 299 Taylor, Maria, 310 Taylor, Mercham, 45 Taylor, Nathan, 289 Taylor, Nathaniel, 272 Taylor, Nathaniel, 287 Taylor, Nathaniel A., 49, 84, 106, 306 Taylor, Sarah, 194 Taylor, Stephen, 49, 288 Taylor, Stephen Parker, 288 Teabo, Eugene R., 37 Teabo, Roswell, 37 Tewksbury, Rev. George A., 110 Thompson, Rev. George W., 211 INDEX 365 Tolman, A., & Co., 32 Tolman, Elizabeth B., 144 Tolman, George, 144 Toolon, Peter, 92 Tophet Swamp, 239 Vining, John, 92 Walcott, Charles H., 145 Walsh, Gov. David I., 235 Warren, Arthur, 122 Washburn, William, 168 Waters, John, 242 Waters, Rev. Wilson, 263 Webster, Benjamin H., 91 Welch, Thomas, 45 West, George, 37 West, Dr. Stephen, 175 Westford, 8, 9, 23 Wheat, Ai, 36, 129, 276 Wheat, Mrs. Betsey, 271 Wheat, Lieut. Daniel, 25, 44, 45, 271 Wheat, Daniel, 146 Wheat, Irene G., 277 Wheeler, Asa, 44 Wheeler, Joel, 44 Wheeler, Nathan, 46 Wheeler, Simon, 45 Whitefield, George, 151 Whittaker, David, 7 Whittemore, D. C, 37, 58 Wiggin, Francis M., 91 Wiggin, George W., 91 Wiggin, True, 48, 53 Wilkins, Ambrose, 94 Wilkins, Andrew J., 316 Wilkins, Anna, 301 Wilkins, Rev. Benson P., 68 Wilkins, Bridget, 315 Wilkins, C. Ingraham, 94 Wilkins, Doris, 68 Wilkins, Edward E., 315 Wilkins, Flossie, 104 Wilkins, Frank, 98 Wilkins, Frank E., 61, 104 Wilkins, George E., 166 Wilkins, George G., 36, 37 Wilkins, George W., 303 Wilkins, Hannah, 295 Wilkins, Hannah, 194 Wilkins, Hannah P., 296 Wilkins Hill, 239 Wilkins, Isaac, 19, 270 Wilkins, .James, 294 Wilkins, James H., 37, 60 Wilkins, James W., 164, 199, 301 Wilkins, James W., 39, 40 Wilkins, James W., Jr., 91 Wilkins, John, 295 Wilkins, John B., 295 Wilkins, Mrs. Lucy, 270 Wilkins, Lucy Jane, 303 Wilkins, Mrs. Margaret, 270 Wilkins, Mary, 296 Wilkins, Mrs. Mary (wife of Lieut. Isaac), 270 Wilkins, Mrs. Mary (wife of Timothy) 269 Wilkms, Sarah, 295 Wilkins, Timothy, 19, 33, 43, 51, 155, 269 295 Wilkins,' Timothy, Jr., 23, 25, 44, 270 Wilkins, Timothy, 3d, 69 Wilkins, Varnum, 94 Wilkins, William, 295 Wilkins, Zadoc, 169 Wilson, D. J., 250 Wilson, Mrs. Ernest, 166 Wilson, George H., 314 Wilson, Capt. H. W., 67, 77, 78, 79, 300, 338-340 Wilson Hill, 239 Wilson, Horace N., 241, 314 Wilson, Horace W., 49, 54, 57, 78 Wilson, Mary Frances, 313 Wilson, Mrs. Nettie, 204 Wilson, Sybel, 314 Wilson, Waldo E., 78 WUson, William, 242 Wood, Thomas, 44 Woodruff, Aaron, 92 Worthley, Charles T., 39, 87, 92, 301 Worthley, Hiram P., 92 Wyman, Joseph, 154 Wyman, Lucinthi, 194 Wyman & Sawyer, 169 H 11 78 '^ V ■o"^^ ^o. ^mm: .^' ^^ y ^^. o'^jo^* ^^ ^^ ?*■ .^^-v. : -^0^ ;/ ,*^\ :S^.' ^^ % ^^, A'^ o ^ .0- ^ .'•., />^i, -r O vV K-,** .r^": \,,9** ..>Va- •^.. .,^. .*>«*'. V .^*^.. ■ > •^ aS . ■ ^0* 'o . * " A. ^ - '^^- -^o <^ .^ % ^^^f^^^ ^^ 0» 0, '^ A ^. 'o V' 4\ > i^^^- i> c o"" * "'^ . ^> c^ *'. °o .•J^' o « o ^ \J> -^^0^ .'^^'^.o-,.<^ -ov^^ 1-^" . :-r^:^>,v :<- -^ ,2 . -^ s#^ JAN 78 ■ . \J' N MANCHESTER INDIANA 1-^" . -^An^ *ae./r?7^ " O ^ov"^ LIbhAMY Ul- U .=1 014 013 485 5,