: 483 .1 A28 "opy 1 HISTORICAL SKETCH EXPLANATORY OF MEMORIAL OR Certificate of BJegbei'gljip i:nt thk U. C. Vs. "Nor shall you be forgot While Fame her record Keeps." J. B. GORDON, General Commanding. GEO. MOORMAN, Adjutant General and Chief of Staff. nsnDonsET^TEisrTS. Atlanta, Ga., May 14, 18i>7, Majok General Geo. Moorman, Adjutant General and Chief of Staff. New Orleans, La. T have critically examined the 17. 0. V. Memorial or Certificate of Member- ship, as prepared and arranged by you under Section two, Article eight of tin- Constitution, and think it is beautiful and appropiate for the purpose of which it is intended. The representation of the "Battle of Gettysburg," which I witnessed and in which I participated, is as nearly correct as it is possible for such a picture to be made. I approve of the historical features of the Certificate, and of all its sur- roundings. It is a gem, fit to enchase and transmit the records of the old heroes undying history, to posterity and the ages. J. B. GORDON, General Commanding U. C. Vs. Agricultural College, Miss., April 21, 1897. Major General Geo. Moorman, Adjutant General and Chief of Staff, U. C. V's, New Orleans, La. I have critically examined the "Certificate of Membership" for the U. C V's, and I pronounce the picture, of the "Bombardment of Fort Sumpter" which I witnessed and in which I participated, as historically correct as could be made. 1 think the certificate very handsome indeed, and I approve of the historical ornaments and setting around the certificate which is to carry the record of the old veterans down to countless generations. S. D. LEE, Lieut. General Commanding Army of Tenn. Dep't, U. C. Vs. Dallas. Texas, May 15, 1897. Major General Geo. Moorman, Adjutant, General and Chief of Staff, U. C. V's. New Orleans, La. 1 have carefully and critically examined the IT. C. V. Certificate of Member- ship, and pronounce your ideas and design magnificent, and the execution of the work splendid. I approve of its historical features, and all of its details, as a most appropriate Memorial or Souvenir to accompany the record and picture of the grandest old soldiers in history, to the end of Time. W. L. CABELL, Lieut. General Commanding 'Trans-Miss, Dep't, U. C. V's. Columuia, S. C, May 15, 1897. Major General Geo. Moorman, Adjutant General and Chief of Staff, U. C. V's , New Orleans, La. I have examined the l T . C. V. Memorial or Certificate of Membership as prepared by you, and join (Jenerals Gordon, Lee and Cabell in certifying to its beauty, and appropriateness for the purpose for which it is designed. The historic Confederate mementoes and emblems surrounding the record of the old veterans glorious service, is a fit setting to accompany the story of their glory forever. WADE HAMPTON, /.a nt. General Commanding Army >>f N. Va. Dep't, U. C. V'b. HISTORICAL SKETCH EXPLANATORY OF MEMORIAL OR. Certificate of Bjegbef^ip IIST THE U. C. Vs. "Nor shall you be forgot While Fame her record Keeps." J. B. GORDON, General Commanding. GEO. MOORMAN, Adjutant General and Chief of Staff. ^«3 \ •M* Chableston, S. C, April 5, 1897. Major General Geo. Moorman, Adjutant General and Chief of Staff" U. G. V's, New Orleans: The picture "Bombardment of Fort Sumter," arranged by you on the U. C. V. Certificate, was taken from a drawing sent to you by Eev. John Johnson, at one period of the war Engineer in charge of Fort Sumter, and the proof was exhibited to us, and we pronounce it as nearly correct as such a picture can be made. C. IRVINE WALKER, Major General Commanding S. C. Div. U. C. V's. JNO. JOHNSON, D. D., LL. D., at one period of the war Engineer in charge of Fort Sumter. I fully indorse the above, as I personally witnessed the bombard- ment. J. G. HOLMES, Adjutant General and Chief of Staff S. C. Div. U. C. V's. HISTORICAL SKETCH EXPLANATORY OF MEMORIAL OR Certificate of Membership IN THE XT. a. "vs. This little sketch, containing data and extracts from history, and facts about the war, which will be of interest to all old veterans, and their families, accompanies each one of the U. C. V. Memorials or Certificates of Membership issued under Section 2, Article VIII, of the U. C. V. Constitution, and is explanatory of it. In getting np the Memorial or Certificate of Membership, no expense has been spared and it is truly a work of art, so bright and beautiful, and so true in all of its details, and historically correct, that it is a priceless Souvenir of the war, and proper Memorial for the veterans to leave to their families and descendants, and to hand down to posterity. It is fit to adorn the walls of any parlor, pict- ure gallery or office, and will be a priceless treasure in every house- hold where a spark of love and admiration exists for the old South- ern heroes who followed the "Stars and Bars" and "Battle Flag" in Dixie during the momentous period 1861-1865. The idea originated with the Tennessee Division, but marked changes have been made in the certificate adapting it to every arm of the service, and to the veterans of every Southern State. The certificate is a brief epitome of the war, as concise as it is possible for it to be made, for at a glance at this beautiful and bright picture, the eye takes in the story of the glory of the South. It is a complete history within itself, as it shows "The Beginning" and "The End," and during the four years of alternate victory and defeat, against such terrible odds, it shows all the nags which waved over the small but dauntless Confederate army; the symbols of the arms of the service, cavalry, infantry and artillery, "Our Navy," and a battle scene illustrating the valor of Southern arms, represent- ing Heth's Division commanded by Pettigrew of Hill's corps, on the left flank of Pickett's immortal charge at Gettysburg, known as the high water mark of the Confederacy, as it is believed that the de- cline occurred from the moment the shattered remnant of that heroic band fell back from Cemetery Hill; and all attested by the Great Seal of the Confederacy. This for the past. For the present, it has space set apart in a wreath for the picture of the old soldier to leave his well known and heroic fea* tures to those who are to be the guardians of his fame in the years to come, and a certificate which gives his name, date of enlistment in the Confederate army, rank, service, incidents of his army career, date and rank at time of discharge or parole; all of which honorable service entitles him to membership in one of the U. C. V. camps, which is also stated in it. As the Southern Confederacy has vanished from the face of the earth, and only lives in history, and in the memory of its de- votees, and as there is no government to issue certificates of honor- able and distinguished service performed during its brief but glori- ous career, this will be the only authentic "memorial" or certificate which can now be obtained, signed, as it will be, by the Command- ing General of the U. C. Vs. It will be truly a "Scroll of Fame" and the only authentic and proper memorial for the veteran to leave to his family and to posterity, as the information stated in it is to be authenticated by the records and vouched for by his surviving comrades, and certified to by the commander and adjutant of the U. C. V. camp to which he belongs. This certificate and "Scroll of Fame" is pinned to the memorial by four U. C. V. buttons or badges representing the "Confederate Battle Flag;" and all attested by the U. C. V. Seal. "THE BEGINNING.'' With many of the old veterans the great war between the North and South commenced at the taking of the Arsenal at Liberty, Mo., on April 20th, 1861, at the skirmish at Rock Creek, Mo., near Independence, on June 13th, 18G1, Booneville, Mo., on June 20th, at Carthage, Mo., July 15th, Williamsport and Falling Waters, Va., on July 2d, Rich Mountain, July 11th, Manassas on July 21st, Belmont, Mo., Nov. 7th, Fishing Creek January 19th, 1862, Fort Donelsou on February 13th, 1862, etc; or, in other words, for each individual upon the field where he first met the foe in the shock of battle; but as this picture is an authentic Historical Souvenir, it begins for all at "The Beginning," "The Bombardment of Fort Sumter," as is shown at the top in the left hand corner, where, on April 12th, 1861, at 4:30 A. M, by order of General G. T. Beaure- gard, the signal gun was fired, the report of which was heard in every home in this land. It is true that hostile guns had been fired at the "Star of the West" on January 9th, 1861, and it is claimed by some that the first gun of the war was fired on this date, as South Carolina had seceded on December 20th, 1860. But this was the act of the Citadel Cadets iu the State service; the difference l»ein.^ that the "First Gun" at Fort Sumter was fired under the orders of the Confederate Govern- ment, by the command of Confederate officers, which is thus des- cribed bj Personne to one of his celebrated letters, dated Charles- ton, April K»th, 1861: "The resignation of Hon. Jacob Thompson, Secretary of the Interior, followed on the 8th of January. Even then, orders for re- inforcement had been issued, for that very night, January 9, the Star of the West arrived off Charleston bar with 250 troops on board and at dawn, attempted to steam up to Fort Sumter. Our little two mm battery of the Morris Island Battery, manned by Citadel Cadets, first sent a warning shot across her bows without effect, then open- ed fire in earnest, one shot striking near the rudder and another about two feet above the water line. When within range of a mile and a half, Fort Moultrie also opened fire, whereupon the steamer went about and headed for the North. "Major Anderson sent word that he would consider this an act of war unless disavowed and would not permit any vessel to pass within range of his guns. Gov. Pickens retorted that the Presi- dent well understood that the sending of any reinforcements would be regarded as an act of hostility; that tbe occupancy of Fort Sum- ter was in itself an act of positive hostility and under the circum- stances, the act of that morning was perfectly justified by him. Anderson replied that he would refer the whole matter to Wash- ington. . - •_ "In view of the seriousness of the situation, the Governor now called together his board of ordnance and engineers, to report a plan for operating against Fort Sumter, for defending the harbor and preventing reinforcements. They did so and the construction of batteries was promptly begun." The events connected with the "Bombardment of Fort Sumter," the firing of the first gun of the War, and description of the Fort, is thus given by Personne in one of his famous letters: FIBST GUN. "Charleston, S. C, April 12, 1861. "The battle is on! The object of the second and last visit to Major Anderson, by Col. Chesnut and Capt. Lee, was again to press upon him the fact 'that the Confederate authorities did not need- lessly desire to bombard Fort Sumter, and that if it were true that he would, as he had declared on the former visit., 'be starved out anyway in a few days,' he might indicate the time at which he would evacuate the work, provided he would agree not to use his guns against us, unless ours should be employed against Fort "To this proposition, after a discussion with his officers, lasting nearly three hours, Anderson replied that he would evacuate the fort on the 15th inst. and would not in the meantime open his fire, unless some hostile act against the fort or the flag of his govern- ment compelled him to do so, and should he not receive prior to that time, controlling instructions from his government, or addi- tional supplies. Both the Confederate authorities and Anderson himself, knew perfectly well that at that moment the Federal fleet was approaching the bar and would probably evdeavor to establish communication with the fort before the time signified. "Without further parley, and acting under the instructions of their chief, the Confederate messengers now handed to Major Anderson, the following note: 'Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861. 3:30 A. M. 'Sir: By authority of Brig. Gen. Beauregard, commanding the provisional forces of the Confederate States, we have the honor to notify you that he will open the fire of his batteries on Fort Sum- ter in one hour from this time. We have the honor, &c, 'Cheskut, 'Lee." "These officers at once repaired to Fort Johnson and in accord- ance with previous instructions, orders were given to fire the signal gun at the hour specified. Daylight had not yet come, but every officer and private in the entire circle of batteries was at his post. The bells of the distant city, strike one-two-three-four and a group of serious faced men gather round the guns that are to sound the tocsin of civil war. Watch in hand, they await the ap- proach of the half hour, and as the last second of the last minute is marked on the dial-plate, Capt. George S. James, the commander of Fort Johnson, pulls a lanyard; there is a Hash of light and a ten inch shell traces its pathway towards Fort Sumter with a long thin line of fire. Rising high in air and curving in its course, it burst almost directly over the work. A second shell was quickly fired by Lieut. Wade Hampton Gibbes. "But a brief silence intervened, when a gun opened from the Iron-clad Battery on Cumming's Point, and to Edmund Kuffin of Virginia, a venerable man who had been elected an honorary member of the Palmetto Guards, was accorded the distinction of firing its first shot. Hardly had the echoes passed away, when all the mortars in the neighborhood opened and in a few minutes Fort Sumter was the center of a circle of fire. "The position of the several fortifications may now be briefly described. At Cumming's Point between 1200 and 1300 yards from the fort are three distinct batteries; one known as the 'Tra- pier' battery, consisting of three ten inch mortars, manned by the Marion Artillery under the command of Capt. J. Gadsden King; another which may be designated as the 'Point' battery, consisting of three ten inch mortars, two 42 pound guns, and one 12 pound rifled Blakely presented to Charleston by Mr. C. K. Prioleau of Liverpool. In the center is the Iron-clad or Stevens' Battery, mounting three eight inch Columbiads. It is so named because it has been constructed under the direct supervision of Clement H. Stevens, Esq , one of our Charleston bank officials, but it might with equal propriety have been called the William Gilmore Simms Battery, since the peculiar device was suggested by the distin- guished author, in a series of letters; first lo Hon. W. Porcher Miles, when a member of the Convention, and subsequently to the Confederate Congress. These letters being referred to Gen. Jami- son, as Secretary of War, that gentleman instructed Gen. Trapier to undertake the work and it was continued as above mentioned by Mr. Stevens. "The effectiveness of the Iron Battery consists in a roof of rail- road iron— the rails being alternately inverted — rising from the sand at an angle of about forty-three degrees, supported by heavy wooden beams and flanked by layers of sandbags. The muzzles of its heavy guns protrude through iron skylights or shutters that are caused to rise automatically before and after each discharge. The mortars in the Point and Iron batteries are under the general supervision of Maj >r P. F. Stevens of the Citadel and manned by the Palmetto Guard under Capt. G. B. Cuthbert. "Opposite and north of Fort Sumter on Sullivan's Island and 1800 yards distant, is Fort Moultrie with an armament of thirty guns, but of these only nine bear directly upon Fort Sumter. They are specifically designated as the 'Sumter battery' and are com- manded by Lieutenants Alfred Rhett and John Mitchell Jr. They are among the guns spiked by Major Anderson when he abandoned the fort and are the heaviest of its ordnance. Four hundred yards nearer the city is a Dahlgren battery with one 9 inch gun, a battery of two 10 inch mortars and an enfilade battery of two 24 and two 32 pound guns, the latter under the command of Lieut. Jacob Valen- tine, one of the veterans of the Mexican war. Both are under the general direction of Capt. J. H. Hallonquist. Anchored at the end of Sullivan's Island and still nearer the city, is the Floating Bat- tery, a mere mud fiat fortified with a front wall of palmetto logs faced with iron. Its two 32 and two 42 pound guns are under the command of Capt. John Randolph Hamilton, an ex- officer of the United States Navy." About 3 P. M. on April 13, 1861, Fort Sumter surrendered, which is told by Personne as follows: FIGHTING AMID FIRE. "Charleston, S. C, April 13tb, 1861. ********* "About eight o'clock, Col. Ripley began to throw hot shot from Fort Moultrie, and shortly afterwards, on the southern portion Of Sumter, was seen a tall, steadily ascending column of smoke. At first, it was thin and pale, but every moment it grew darker and 8 darker until, shootiDg out from ihe base of the black pillar, great yellow tongues of flame lapped the tops of the barracks and officers' quarters. In the city, the spectators at first thought that Major Anderson was signalling the fleet: but the impression was qnicklv succeeded by the startling shout— TORT SUMTER IS ON FIRE!' "The suspense was now painful. The cannonade from the fort, before fierce and rapid, became slow and irregular, like the dying gasps of a stricken warrior. The great assemblage contemplated the strange spectacle with a feeling of awe and in bated breath and sol- emn silence, testified its sympathy for the gallant soldiers now contending with an element more implacable than man. "At nine o'clock the flames appeared to be abating, but at ten, another column of white smoke suddenly arose high above the bat- tlements, followed by an explosion. It was evident that the fire had reached a magazine. Then, from the island, we could see the quar- ters falling in; the blackened chimneys toppling above the walls and gradually the flames sinking behind the parapet. We knew, however, that Anderson and his men were still alive, at least some of them, for during all this trying period, there came a shot at intervals to one battery or another, as if to say, 'You have killed me, but I'm dying game!' "Such was the impression made by this display of dogged courage under circumstances so desperate, that at every flash from the muz- zles of his guns, our soldiers would leap to the crest of the earthworks and send up cheer after cheer for the gallant defender of Fort Sum- ter. A signal of distress was made to the fleet in the offing, but there being no response from that quarter, it was left to Beauregard to tender the merciful assistance for which the call had been made. Captain Stephen D. Lee and Colonels "William Porcher Miles and Roger A. Pryor were accordingly dispatched on this errand. "Between one and two o'clock, a shot from Sullivan's Island severed the flagstaff and brought down the stars and stripes. Ten or fifteen minutes elapsed before the flag reappeared and doubt arose whether Major Anderson intended to raise the flag at all. During this interval, ex-Senator Wigfall of Texas, a volunteer aide of Beau- regard, with that peculiar independence which has marked his entire career, accompanied by Private Gourdin Young of the Palmetto Guard, pushed off from Morris Island in a rowboat and showing a handkerchief on the point of his sword, went to Fort Sumter. Be- fore he reached his destination, however, the flag was again flying. Some of our batteries, therefore, still continued their fire, those in command not being aware of the unofficial and unauthorized mission in progress. "Arriving at the ledge of rocks around the base of the fort. Col. Wigfall was met by Lieut. Snyder and conducted to Major Anderson. A parley ensued. The former announced that he was an aide to Gen. Beauregard, and observing the condition of affairs— the flag down and the garrison in a great strait— he had come to receive a surrender and offer such assistance as might be required. He like- wise remarked to Major Anderson that he had nobly done his duty in conducting the defence and to prolong the contest would be to unnecessarily risk the lives of his command without commensurate results. Major Anderson replied that his flag had been hoisted again, but that the Confederate batteries did not seem to respect the truce. "Col. Wigfall stated that the batteries on Cumming's Point had ceased firing and those on Sullivan s Island would follow the example as soon as they were apprised of the truce; but, he, added, 'they will continue to fire as long as the United States flag is flying.' Major Anderson then desiring to know what terms he came to offer, Col. Wigfall replied, 'the terms that have already been offered you by Gen. Beauregard, who is a gentleman and a soldier and knows how to treat a brave enemy. The precise nature of these Gen. Beaure- gard will arrange with you. 'Then,' replied Major Anderson, 'I have no other resource; we are all in flames and my men will shortly suf- focate.' "Col. Wigfall now left the fort, when the flag was taken down, a white flag raised and the firing entirely ceased. On his return to Cumming's Point, the impulsive Texan who had thus assumed such a vast responsibility, was received with great enthusiasm, but his unau- thorized act led to annoying complications. "The boat containing Captain Lee and Colonels Pryor and Miles who had started to offer assistance, turned back to the city on the re- appearance of the flag, believing that Major Anderson intended still to. press the fight, but now, seeing the white flag raised, they again pushed on to the fort. Announcing that they had come directly from Gen. Beauregard, they were informed of the visit of Col. Wigfall, 'as an aide to and by authority of Gen. Beauregard.' Major Anderson was promptly told that Col. Wigfall being absent from headquarters had not seen Beauregard for two days. Naturally vexed at the awk- ward position in which he had been placed, Major Anderson expressed much regret at his action, and proposed to resume the fight, but he finally consented to reduce to writing the terms proposed by Col. Wigfall and those upon which he would evacuate the fort. This note was brought to Gen. Beauregard by Capt. S. D. Lee, and thereupon, Major D. R. Jones, Assistant Adjutant General, and Col. Charles Allston Jr. were forthwith despatched to more formally arrange the terms of capitulation. These are identically the same as those offered on the 11th of April, namely: "First. That all proper facilities shall be offered for removing Major Anderson and all his command, together with company arms and property and all private property. 10 'Second. That the Federal flag, so long and bravely defended shall be saluted by the vanquished on taking it down. "Third. That Major Anderson shall be allowed to fix the time of surrender, to take place, however, sometime to-morrow (Sunday). "And so, has happily ended the most eventful day in the history of South Carolina. No one has been hurt." Pollard says: "It appeared indeed that a Divine control had made this combat bloodless, and that so wonderful an exemption might have invited both sections of America to thoughts of gratitude and peace." SYMBOLS OF EACH ARM OF THE SERVICE. Are represented by the cavalry hat and crossed sabres under the flags, at top, and the cannon and small arms on the left under the "Bombardment of Fort Sumter" represent the infantry and artillery. FLAGS OF THE CONFEDERACY. The following is the order in which the flags were adopted by the Confederate Congress. First Flag, was the "Stars and Bars," and is the right hand flag of the three in the top centre, with seven stars in a circle, and was adopted by the Confederate Congress at Montgomery, Ala., on the 4th day of March, 1861, just one month after the organization of the government, witnessed the first raising of its flag, which Personne thus describes: THE FIRST CONFEDERATE FLAG. "Montgomery, Ala., March 5th, 1861. ******** "Yesterday, the committee having the matter in charge, through its chairman, William Porcher Miles, presented its report, and inas- much as it may not be immediately published in full and is of gene- ral interest, I send you a summary. It states that 'the immense num- ber of models submitted may be divided into two great classes, first, those which copy and preserve the principal features of the Fnited States flag with slight and unimportant modifications, and second, those which are very elaborate, complicated and fantastical. The objection to the first class is that none of them could, at any consider- able distance, be readily distinguished from the one which they imi- tated. And it is superfluous to dwell upon the practical difficulties that would flow from the fact of two distinct and probably hostile governments both employing the same or similar flags. It would be a political and military solecism. 11 i.«" As , to , the S lories of the old flag, we must bear in mind that the battles of the revolution about which our proudest memories cluster were not fought beneath its folds; and although in the war of 1812 and the war with Mexico, the South won her share of glory, the im- partial page of history will commemorate the fact more imperishably than a piece of striped bunting. When the colonies achieved their independence of the Mother country, thpy did not desire to retain the British flag or anything similar to it. Yet under that flag thev had been planted, nurtured and fostered; they had repelled and driven back the savage and carried it into the wilderness as the stan- dard of religion and civilization. Under it the youthful Washington won his spurs in the memorable expedition of Braddock and Ameri- cans helped to plant it on the Heights of Abraham, where fell the im- mortal Wolfe. "But our forf fathers when they separated themselves from Great Britain— a separation not on account of their hatred to the English Constitution or of English institutions, but in consequence of the tyranny and unconstitutional rule of Lord North's administration and because their destiny beckoned them to independent expansion, cast no lingering regrets behind them. They were proud of their race and lineage, proud of their heritage in the glorious genius and lan- guage of old England, but they determined to build up a new power among the nations of the world. They did not therefore keep the old flag. We think it good to imitate them in this comparatively little matter as well as to emulate them in the more important ones. "It must be admitted however, that something was conceded by the Committee to what seems so strong a desire to retain at least a suggestion of the 'Stars and Stripes.' A flag should be simple, easily made and capable of being made up in bunting. It should be readily distinguished at a distance, the colors, well contrasted and durable effective and handsome. That which the Committee submit com- bines these requisites. It is entirely different from any national flag, lue three colors of which it is composed, red, white and blue, are true republican colors. In heraldry, they are emblematic of the three great virtues of Valor, Purity and Truth. Naval men assure us that it can be recognized and distinguished at a great distance. "Your Committee therefore recommend that the flag of the Confed- erate States of America, shall consist of a red field with white spaces extending horizontally through the centre and equal in width to one- third the width of the flag. The red spaces above and below are to be of the same width as the white, the union blue extending down through the white space and stopping at the lower red space; in the center of the union, a circle of white stars corresponding in number with States in the Confederacy. "It may prove an interesting historical incident that this first flag was raised by Judge Alexander B. Clitherall of Montgomery. By 12 reason of his connection with the Provisional Congress, he was ena- bled to obtain in advance of its publicity, a description of the design agreed upon and with the aid of a number of ladies, he promptly fashioned a flag for use. Then, repairing to the roof of the Capitol, he awaited halliard in hand the signal from the legislative hall below that should announce the vote of approval. But an instant elapsed after it was known, when the graceful folds of the standard were waving in the breeze. The Congress was at once informed; the news spread through the city, a throng assembled in front of the capitol and as the call of the sturdy Alabainaian still standing at his post, a picture of patriotic animation, rang out clear and distinct as a trum- pet, they responded with a mighty shout in 'Three cheers for the Con- federate flag.' " The seven stars in the circle in this flag, represented following States: South Carolina, seceded Dec. 20, 1860. Florida, seceded Jan. 7, 1861. Mississippi, seceded Jan. 9, 1861. Alabama, seceded Jan. 11, 1861. Georgia, seceded Jan. 20,'1861. Louisiana, seceded Jan. 26, 1861. Texas, seceded Feb. 1, 1S61. Second Flag, was the "Battle Flag," the left hand flag of the three in the top centre. The "Battle Fag" was designed by General Beauregard, and adopted by General Joseph E. Johnston, after the first battle of Bull Run, and never was adopted by the Confederate Congress but became by common consent the "Battle Flag" of all the Confederate armies, and remained so until the close of the war, waving over the carnage and wreck of nearly two thousand battlefields. In regard to this flag, General Joseph E. Johnston is quoted by a writer in the Confederate Veteran as having said: "At the battle of Bull Run, the 'stars and bars' proved a failure because they were so much like the Union colors. Indeed, both armies mistook their enemies for friends, and vice versa. After the battle I resolved to discard this Jlag, and called for each regiment to procure its State colors. This they were unable to do, and I asked the army for new designs. Among those presented, one by General Beauregard was chosen, and I altered this only in making it square instead of oblong. This flag was afterwards adopted by the Confed- erate armies generally. It was a Greek cross of blue with white stars on the blue bars." The same writer says "This flag by the way, was designed by the Jate Col. J. B. Walton, of Louisiana, Commander of the Washington Artillery, and presented to General Beauregard." IB General Marcus J. Wright, War Department, War Records Office, Washington, writes as follows: "April 29th, 1897. « * * * rp^ oa m e j\ a g never was adopted by the Confederate, Congress, but became by common consent the flag of all the Confed- ex'ate armies." In the Memorial Hall in New Orleans, is a silk battle-flag turned over with personal effects of General G. T. Beauregard. This flag is the pattern par excellence. It is 6 feet 3 inches long, by 4 feet 8 inches wide. The cross is three inches wide; the stars are white, and there is no Bind around it, or between the blue cross and the red ground." Pinned to this flag as deposited in Memorial Hall, New Orleans, by General Beauregard's sons, is the following named statement of Gen- eral Beauregard: "Battle flag of the late Confederacy, designed by Generals Beaure- gard and Johnston, at Fairfax Court House, Va., in September, 1861, to " prevent the confusion of flags which had occurred at the battle of " Manassas, July 21, 1861." This flag was one of the first made and was presented to General Beauregard by Miss Hattie Carey of Baltimore who made it from one of her own dresses, she is now the widow of the gallant General Pegram killed in Virginia the last year of the war, only a fortnight after his marriage. Signed General G. T. Beauregard." But it was used both square and oblong as fancy dictated, and was used both with the band between the blue cross and the red ground, and without it. Third Flag, which is the centre flag of the three, was adopted by the Confederate Congress as the "National Flag" of the Confed- erate States on May 1st, 1863. and waved over many of the greatest battles of the war. Fourth Flag, and the last flag of the Confederacy, which is the flig in the right hand corner at top, ascending into the clouds, was adopted by the Confederate Congress on the 4th day of March, 1865, as the "National Flag" of the Confederate States, for the reason that when the flag adopted May 1st, 1863, the third flag, fell limp around the staff it looked like nfiag of truce — the white only showing; there- fore the red bar was put across the end so it could never be mistaken for a flag of truce. This flag thus altered saw very little service, but was the last flag of the Confederac} r . Many State Hags, banners, ensigns and devices were used, amongst others was the SILVER MOON BANNER, which a writer in the Confederate Veteran thus describes : "We repeatedly heard during the war that among the many designs submitted to the War Department for battle flags, this one, the full orbed silver moon in a blue field surrounded by a white 14 border, was designed by Brig.-Gen'l W. J. Hardee, who organized and commanded the troops, afterwards commanded by Major-General S. B. Buckner, and better known at the close of the war as Cleburne's Division, and it was by him adopted as the ensign of his chivalric troops, this right being a special grant by the authorities at Rich- mond for his Division only." Probably the most romantic and pathetic incident of the war, connected with the Confederate Flag, was the burial of jo shelby's battle flag. After the sorrowful separation at Corsicana, Texas, in June, 1865, Shelby with five hundred officers and men determined not to surrender and to march into Mexico and try their fortunes in the service of the ill-fated Emperor Maximilian in that land. The command reached El Paso, on the Rio Grande, about the first day of July, 18G5, and he determined upon the romantic idea that as he left Confederate soil and before starting from the Mexican town Piedras Negras opposite El Paso upon his march to the Mexican capital, that he would bury his flag in the waters of the Rio Grande. This was the last flag which waved upon Confederate soil — it had never been surrendered. The historic ceremony was performed on the 4th day of July, 1865, which is thus described in Col. Jno. N. Edwards' book, "Jo Shelby and his men." "And now a sad scene occurred before the Confederates marched southward from this Mexican city. The old tattered battle-flag of the division was brought from its resting place and given once more to the winds. Rent and bruised, and crimson with the blood of heroes — it had never been dishonored. Missouri breezes had felt the flapping of its silken folds; woman's imperial hand had decorated it with battle-mottoes; sweet, coy victory — her locks heavy with the dust of conflicts and red with the blood of martyrs — had caressed it often and tenderly; ambition had plumed it with the royal crest of triumph; fate and dear dauntless hearts had borne it flashing like a meteor upon the rough stormy waves of battle waters; shining like the face of a struggling king, it had gleamed grandly through the smoke and sorrow of two hundred desperate fields; and broad barred now, and worn, and old — it was displayed once more to its followers before the swift waves of the Rio Grande closed over it forever. It was yet early morning on the 4th of July, 1865. The picturesque mountains of El Paso del Aquilar were in full sight, and imparted additional grandeur to the ceremony thus solemnized by the roman- tic chief, whose exploits with his Missouri Cavalry have shed the luster of renown upon the pages of his country's history. With bare, bowed heads, Shelby's soldiers gathered around the dear old banner. It had been all to them, and they worshiped it. Colonels Elliott, Williams, Gordon, Slayback and Blackwell held it up lor a few brief moments above the rushing tide; the sun shone out broad and good 15 upon the Upturned faces of those engaged in silent prayer — and at last, with not a dry eye among all those five hundred stern soldiers, the Bxttle Flag of S'lelby's division was lowered slowly and sadly beneath the water. Colonel A. W. Slayback has immortalized the event in poetry, and as a requiem above the grave of the buried banner, I reproduce it here. There are lips yet, sweet and pleading, to sing the sorrowful song, and there are hearts yet to glow and grow strong when the mournful measure has been ended: THE BURIAL OF SHELBY'S FLAG. A July suiij in torrid clime, gleamed on an exile band, Who, in suits of gray Stood in mute array On the banks of the Rio Grande. They were dusty and faint with their long, drear ride, And they paused when they came to the river side, For its wavelets divide, With their flowing tide Their own dear land, of youth, hope, pride, And comrades' graves who in vain had died, From a stranger's home in a land untried. Above them waved the Confederate Flag, with its fatal cross of stars, That had always been In the battle's din, Like a pennon of potent Mars. And there curved from the crest of their leader a plume, That the brave had followed in joy and gloom, That was ever in sight In the hottest fight A flaunting dare for a soldier's tomb, For the marksman's aim and the cannon's boom, For it bore a charm from the hand of doom. Forth stepped that leader then and said to the faithful few around, 'This tattered rag Is the only flag- That floats on Dixie ground. And this plume that I tear from the hat I wear Of all my spoils is my only share; And brave men ! I swear That no foe shall dare To lay his hand on our standard there. Its folds were braided by fingers fair; 'Tis the emblem now of their deep despair. "Its cause is lost. And the men it led on mauy a glorious field, In disputing the tread Of invaders dread, Have been forced at last to yield. But this banner and plume have not been to blame, No exulting eye shall behold their shame; And these relics so dear In the waters here Before we cross shall burial claim; And while yon mountains may bear a name They shall stand as monuments of our fame, 16 Tears stood in eyes that had looked on death in every awful form Without dismay, But the scene that day Was sublimer than mountain storm! 'Tis easy to touch the veteran's heart With the finger of nature, but not of art. While the noble of soul. Lose self-control, When called on with flag, home and country to part, Base bosoms are ever too callous to start, With feelings that generous natures can smart. They buried then that flag and plume in the river's rushing tide, Ere that gallant few Of the tried and true Had been scattered far and wide. And that group of Missouri's valiant throng, Who had fought for the weak against the strong — Who had charged and bled Where Shelby led Were the last who held above the wave The glorious flag of the vanquished brave, No more to rise from its watery grave ! OUR NAVY Is represented by the Naval Fight in Hampton Roads, on the left hand margin of the memorial, which is considered one of the most marvelous achievements in naval warfare, and is thus described by Pollard in the "Lost Cause:" ''About eleven o'clock in the morning of the 8th of March 1862, the Virginia cast loose from her moorings at the Gosport navy yard, and made her way down Hampton Roads. On her approach being sig- nalled, orders were immediately issued by Capt. Marston of the Roanoke for his own vessel, the Minnesota, and the St. Lawrence to get under weigh. The Cumberland and Congress had previously perceived 'the great Secesh curiosity,' and had beat to quarters, and prepared for action. The Virginia came slowly on, not making more than five knots per hour, and accompanied by the Raleigh and Beaufort. The pivot guns of the Cumberland opened on her at about a mile's dis- tance. There was no reply; the vessel moved tranquilly on; hundreds of spectators at the wharves on both sides of the river watching her progress, and the crews of the enemy's frigates awaiting with derisive curiosity the singular iron roof bearing down upon them. As she passed the Congress at three hundred yards she received a harmless broadside. 'The balls bounced upon her mailed sides like iudia rub- ber.' Returning the broadside, and in the midst of a heavy fire from the shore batteries, the Virginia made straight for the Cumberland, which had been swung across the channel, to bring her full broad- side to bear upon the approaching enemy. It was a crisis wrapped 17 in fire and smoke. Broadside after broadside of the Cumberland blazed out of her eleven nine-inch Dahlgrens. The Virginia kept straight on, without returning a shot or showing a single man. Minutes seemed hours. Then there was a dull, heavy blow, and the iron-armed prow of the Virginia had struck the Cumberland near the bow, and below the water line. The frigate was driven back upon her anchors with great force; a ragged hole had been opened into her in which a man might have passed, the sound of the rush of water into her told that she was doomed. Still her crew manned her guns, and were prepared to give an example of courage among ihe most memorable and brilliant of naval warfare. The Virginia had backed, and was now sweeping the decks of the Cumberland with broadside after broadside in merciless succession. But there was no sign of surrender on the part of the gallant enemy. As the ship canted over, just ready to sink, she still kept up her useless fire. Her last gun was fired just above the water, and as the brave gunner at- tempted to scramble out from the open port-hole, the water rushing swept him back, and he went down in the sinking vessel. The Cum- berland went down in fifty-four foot water, her pennant still flying from the mast-head above the waves that had engulphed her. Some of the crew succeeded in swimming to land, others were saved by small boats from the shore; but more than one hundred men went down into the watery grave that closed over the gallant ship. "Having sunk her first antagonist, the Virginia next turned her attention to the Congress, which was left to fight the battle alone, as neither the Minnesota, which had grounded about one mile and a half from Newport News, the Roanoke, nor the St. Lawrence could approach near enough, from want of sufficient depth of water, to render material assistance. Having witnessed the fate of the Cumberland, the comman- der of the Congress had hoisted sail, and with the help of a tug-boat had run the frigate ashore in water too shoal to permit the Virginia to run her down. But the iron-clad, taking a position about two hundred yards from her, raked her fore and aft with shell, while the other small vessels of the Confederate squadron joined in the fire. Every shell burst inside the frigate. The effect was awful. Blood and brains spurted in the air, and human bodies were cut in twain, or mangled in the most horrible manner. Arms, legs and heads were scattered in every direction, while here and there in the agonies of death might be found poor wretches, with their breasts torn completely out. "The Congress was fast aground, and could only bring two of her guns to bear on the Virginia. In a few moments her colors were hauled down, and a white flag hoisted at the gaff and half-mast, and another at the main. The little gunboat Beaufort was run alongside, with instructions from Capt. Buchanan to take possession of the Con- gress, secure the officers as prisoners, allow the crew to land, and burn the ship. The Congress was within rifle-shot from the shore, and as the Beaufort came alongside the prize, the enemy on the shore. is having brought a Parrott gun down to the beach, opened upon the Confederate vessel a perfidious fire. The frigate had two white flags flying at the time. Lieut. Minor was severely wounded, and several of the crew of the Beaufort. But there were other additions to this treachery, for when the Beaufort had first come alongside of the Con- gress, Lieut. Parker, commanding the gunboat, had received the flag of the ship, and her surrender from Lieut. Prendergast, with the side arms of the other officers. After having delivered themselves as pri- soners of war on board the Beaufort, the officers were allowed, at their own request, to return to the Congress to assist in removing the wounded. Tliey never returned, though they had pledged their honor to do so, and in witness of that pledge had left their swords with Lieut. Alexander, on board the Beaufort. "In the fire from the shore, Capt. Buchanan had received a severe wound in the thigh. He ordered the Congress to be destroyed by hot shot and incendiary shell, her officers and crew having treach- erously escaped to the shore; and fioding himself disabled by his wound, transferred the command of the Virginia to Lieut. Catesby Jones, with orders to fight her as long as the men could stand to their guns. But there were now only two hours of daylight left. The Virginia bore down upon the stranded Minnesota. The Roanoke, after groundiug, had gone down the Roads. The St. Lawrence, in tow of a steamer, had approached the Minnesota. She too grounded, and after receiving a single shell, and returning a harmless broadside, was dragged off, and steered down towards Fortress Monroe. The shoalness of the channel prevented the near approach of the Virginia to her third antagonist; but she continued to fire upon the Minne- sota, until the pilots declared that it was no longer safe to remain in that position. "At 7 P. M., the Virginia hauled off, and returned to Norfolk, reserving for another day the completion of her work. She had al- ready in a single half-day achieved one of the most remarkable tri- umphs ever made on the water. She had destroyed two powerful vessels, carrying three times her number of men, and full six times her weight of armament; she had engaged two other great vessels; and she had only been prevented from destroying them, because she could not come to close quarters with them. The Cumberland went into action with 376 men. When the survivors were mustered there were only 255. She lost 121 in killed and drowned. The crew of the Congress were 434 officers and men; of these, 298 got to shore, 2G of them being wounded, 10 mortally; there were in all 120 killed and missing; about 20 of these were made prisoners, leaving a roll of killed and drowned of 100 men. Besides these, II were killed on the Minnesota, and 16 wounded; an absolute loss of fully 2. r >o officers and men. On the Virginia there bat two killed and eight wounded. On the other Confederate vessels four were killed and a few more wounded.'' 19 THE BATTLE SCENE. At the bottom of the certificate is a typical battle scene, and the one selected represents Heth's Division, commanded by Pettigrew of Hill's Corps, on the left fl*nk, in Pickett's renowned charge at Gettysburg, which is thus described in Pollard's Lost Cause: "The morning of the 3d July, 18G3, wore away with but little in- cident of conflict. On the extreme left, where Johnson occupied the right bank of Rocky Creek, there were some desultory action; but Gen. Lee did not]attempt to assist this part of the line, hoping to re- trieve whatever might occur there by a vigorous movement against the centre of the enemy's position. Early in the morning he ascended the College cupola in Gettysburg to reconnoitre. Pickett's division of three brigades, numbering less than five thousand men, which had been left to guard the rear, reached the field of Gettysburg on the morning of the 3d. This body of Virginia troops was now to play a part the most important in the contest, and on this summer day to make a mark in history, to survive as long as the language of glorious deeds is read in this world. "About noon there was a deep calm in the warm air. Gen. Lee determiaed to mass his artillery in front of Hill's corps, and under cover of this tremendous fire to direct the assault on the enemy's centre. To this end more than one hundred jneces of artillery were placed in position. On the opposite side of the valley might be perceived the gradual concentration of the enemy in the woods, the preparations for the mighty contest that was at last to break the ominous silence with a sound of conflict such as was scarcely ever before heard on earth. It was a death-like silence. At 12:30 P. M., the shrill sound of a Whitworth gun pierced the air. Instantly more than two hundred cannon belched forth their thunder at one time. It was absolutely appalling. An officer writes: 'The air was hideous with most discordant noise. The very earth shook beneath our feet, and the hills and rocks seemed to reel like a drunken man. For one hour and a half this most terrific fire was continued, during which time the shrieking of shell, the crash of falling timber, the fragments of rocks flying through the air, shattered from the cliffs by solid shot, the heavy mutterings from the valley between the opposing armies, the splash of bursting shrapnell, and the fierce neighing of wounded artillery horses, made a picture terribly grand and sublime.' "Into this scene of death moved out the Confederate column of assault, Pickett's division proceeded to descend the slope of hills and to move across the open ground. The front was thickly covered with skirmishers; then followed Kemper's and Garnett's brigades, forming the first line, with Armistead in support. On the flanks were — Heth's division, commanded by Pettigrew, of Hill's corps, and Wil- cox's brigade of McLaw's corps, the former on the left, the latter on 20 the right of the Virginians. Pickett led the attack. The five thou- sand Virginians descended the hill with ths precisionand regularity of a parade. As they reached the Emmitsburg road, the Confederate guns, which had fired over their heads to cover the movement, ceased, and there exposed these devoted troops to the uninterrupted fire of the enemy's batteries, while the fringe of musketry fire along a stone wall marked the further boundary of death to which they marched. No halt, no waver. Through half a mile of shot and shell pressed on the devoted column. It was no sudden impetus of excitement that c irried them through this terrible ordeal, it was no thin storm of fire which a dash might penetrate and divide. In every inch of air was the wing of death. Against the breadth of each man's body reared the red crest of Destruction. "Steadily the Virginians press on. The name of Virginia was that day baptized in fire, and illuminated forever in the temple of History. There had been no such example of devotion in the war. Presently wild cries ring out; the smoke-masked troops are in the enemy's works; there is a hand-to-hand contest, and again and again the Confederate flag is lifted through the smoke over the shrinking columns of the enemy. Garnett is dead. Armistead is mortally wounded. Kemper is shot down. Every brigadier of the division is killed or wounded. But Pickett is unscathed in the storm; his flash- ing sword has taken the key of the enemy's position, and points the path of the conflict through his broken columns; the glad shout of victory is already heard; and on the distant hill of observation, where a little group of breathless spectators had watched the scene, Long- street turns to Gen. Lee to congratulate him that the day is won. 'Vain ! vain ! Overlooking the field, Gen. Lee saw that the troops of Pettigrew's division had wavered. Another moment, and they had fallen back in confusion, exposing Pickett's division to attack both from front and flank. The courage of Virginians could do no more. Overwhelmed, almost destitute of officers, and nearly surrounded, the magnificeut troops of Pickett gave way. Slowly and steadily they yielded ground, and, under the heavy fire which the artillery poured into their broken ranks, they retraced their steps across the fatal valley. 'The enemy did not move from his works, and the new crisis for which (len. Lee had so quietly prepared, did not come. Night f Infantry Battalions. Id Cavalry Regiments. ('• Cavalry Battalions. 1 Partisan Rangers Regiment. 1 1'artisan Rangers Battalion. 11 Militia Regiments. 2 Militia Regiments. 1 Regiment Artillery. 10 Batteries. 3 Battalions. Mile.s' Legion. Stewart's Legion. 31 MISSISSIPPI, 49 Infantry Regiments. 15 Infantry Battalions. 24 Cavalry Regiments. 16 Cavalry Battalions. 1 Regiment Cavalry Reserves. 7 Regiments State Troops. 3 Battalions State Troops. 8 Battalions State Cavalry. 1 Mixed Regiment, j Mississippi, Alabama and Tennessee. 1 Mixed Battalion, Mississippi and Tennessee. 1 Mixed Mississippi and Alabama Cavalry Battalion. 1 Partisan Rangers Regiment. 1 Partisan Rangers Battalion. 5 Battalions Sharpshooters. 1 Artillery Regiment. 1 Artilltry Battalion. 1 Artillery Battery. Jeff Davis Legion. Mixed Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia Cavalry. MISSOURI. 44 Infantry Regiments. 20 Infantry Battalions. 45 Cavalry Regiments. 14 Cavalry Battalions. 1 Battalion Sharpshooters. 1 Regiment Dismounted Cavalry. 1 Battalion Artillery. 10 Batteries Artillery. MARYLAND. 2 Infantry Regiments. 1 Infantry Battalion. Maryland Line composed of com- panies, squadrons, battalions and regiments of all arms. 3 Cavalry Battalions. 4 Batteries Artillery. NORTH CAROLINA. 54 Infantry Regiments.. 9 Infantry Battalions. 11 Cavalry Regiments. 5 Cavalry Battalions. 3 Artillery Regiments. 4 Artillery Battalions. 1 Battery Artillery. 1 Home Guards' Battalion. 10 Regiments State Troops. 1 Battalion Sharpshooters. 2 Regiments Detailed Men. 1 Regiment Reserves. 7 Battalions Reserves. 4 Junior Reserve Regiments. 1 Junior Reserve Battalion. 3 Senior Reserve Battalion. 23 Militia Regiments. 3 Partisan Rangers Battalions. 1 Local Defense Troops Battalion. 1 Prison Guard Battalion. Thomas' Legion Infantry and Cav- alry. SOUTH CAROLINA. 29 Infantry Regiments. 10 Infantry Battalions. 7 Cavalry Regiments. 10 Cavalry Battalions. 3 Artillery Regiments. G Artillery Battalions. 3 Regiments of Rifles. 1 Battalion of Rifles. 11 Regiments of Reserves. 8 Battalions of Reserves. 3 Battalions of Sharpshooters. 1 Regiment of Sharpshooters. 9 Militia Regiments. Regiments State Troops. 1 Battalion State Troops. 1 Militia Legion. 1 Hampton's Legion. 1 Holcomb's Legion. 1 Naval Battalion. 1 State Cadets Battalion. 32 TENNESSEE. 84 Infantry Regiments. 5 Infantry Battalions. 3G Cavalry Regiments. 31 Cavalry Battalions. 1 Regiment Heavy Artillery. 1 Regiment Light Artillery. 1 Battalion of Artillery. 1 Battalion of Sharpshooters. 1 Cavalry Legion. 1 Battalion State Troops. 1 Company Zouaves. TEXAS. 23 Infantry Regiments. Vi Infantry Battalions. 45 Cavalry Regiments. 20 Cavalry Battalions. 1 Artillery Regiment. 11 Artillery Battalions. 1 Regiment State Troops. 3 Regiments Partisan Rangers. 1 Battalion Partisan Rangers. 1 Reserve Corps. Waul's Legion. Whitfield's Legion. 8 Regiments State Troops. fi Battalions State Troops. CAVALRY ARIZONA BRIGADE. 3 Regiments. 7 Battalions. 1 Indian Texas Regiment 1 Company Texas Rangers. 1 Regiment Mounted Rifles. 1 Battalion Sharpshooters. 70 Infantry Regiments. 70 Infantry Battalions. 20 Cavalry Regiments. 25 Cavalry Battalions. 4 Artillery Regiments. 14 Artillery Battalions. 8 Reserve Regiments. VIRGINIA. 12 Reserve Battalions. 1 Sharpshooters Battalion . 50 Militia Regiments . 1 Partisan Ranger Regiment. 1 Partisan Ranger Battalion. 3 Local Defense Regiments. 13 Local Defense Battalions. Following note from General Marcus J. Wright is given by way of explanation: "The above shows list of organizations. Many were disbanded, merged, etc Of course Virginia did not have 50 Militia Regiments in the field, but the papers show the existence of those named, not in numbers, but in name. Tennessee did not have 84 Infantry Regiments in the field, but she bad that many organizations from 18G1-18G5." Official. GEO. MOORMAN, Adjutant General and Chief of Staff. LIBRRRY OF CONGRESS 013 701 545 6