HISTORY OF Johnson County, Iowa, CONTAINING A ; HISTORY OF THE COUNTY, AND ITS TOWNSHIPS.CITIES AND VILLAGES PBOM 1836 to 1883. TOGETHER WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OP MANY ENTERPRISING FARMERS, MERCHANTS, MECHAN- ICS, PROFESSIONAL AND BUSINESS MEN; A CONDENSED HISTORY OP THE state; the CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES; AN ABSTRACT OP THE MOST IMPORTANT LAWS; THE NATURAL HISTORY OP THE county; ITS organization; its political and relig- ious history; agriculture, horticulture AND stock-raising; war record ; town- ship histories; churches; schools; railroads and business enter- prises; miscellaneous mat- ters, etc., etc. IOWA CITY, IOWA. 1883. ^^3 'It PREFACE. The writer of this History of Johnson County is under obligations to several persons for their friendly co-operation, and in some cases very especial and valuable assistance in preparing matter for our use, or furn- ishing documents, taking us to a personal inspection of historic scenes and localities, etc., without which we could not have succeeded in making so valuable and complete a work as is here now presented. Hon. Henry Felkner furnished us, in his own handwriting, his well written sketch of the pioneer days, in which he was himself so prominent an actor in the affairs of the young community. Hon. John P. Irish said with a plump, hearty welcome: "There's all my newspaper files; and there's my library; take anything you want, whenever you want it, and as loner as you want it — all I ask is that you bring it back!" Col. S. C. Trowbridge, who is himself a walking encyclopedia of early history, and has more old historic documents tucked away for time of need than any five other men in the county.^vvas more than generous in his kind and helpful assistance in finding old documents and records which we wanted; and in many ways his friendlr offices were most valuable, for all which the whole county as well as ourselves owe him lasting thanks. Others who took some pains to assist us either with their own writing, or with books, records, documents, reports, transcripts, etc., that were really need- ful, were: Prof. T. S. Parvin; President J. L. Pickard; ex-Governor SamuelJ.Kirkwood;Prof. Samuel Calvin; Prof G. Hinrichs; Mr. Bohumil Shimek, a University student from Jefierson township; M. W. Cook, of Oxford ; Mrs. Mary Hamilton, of Clear Creek, assisted by Bryan Dennis, Hon, George Paul, and others of the old, old settlers; A. G. Runyon, of Penn township; LeGrand Byington, of Lucas township; Postmaster Jacob Ricord; County Auditor, A. Medowell; Clerk of District Court, Stephen Bradley; Wm. H. Fleming, of Des Moines, who was for ten or twelve years private Secretary to successive Governors of Iowa, and is now preparing a volume of state census and all civil statistics by counties and townships; and to the venerable Hon. Edward Langworthy, of Dubuque. Also to the superintendents of the State Blind Asylum, Deaf Mute Asylum and the Penitentiary at Fort Madison, for full and prompt response to our inquiries after Johnson county people in those state institutions. Some of the other controlingr officers of state institutions either paid no regard to our request, or else flatly refused to give us the information desired. The labor of preparing a full history of this county has been very great, for there is a great amount of real history here, more, perhaps, than in any other county in the state, owing to the State Capital, State University, and other institutions having had their beginnings here. 8 PREFACE. We had no friends to puff nor enemies to punch ; no old sores to pick open, nor old scores to even up; but "with charity for all and malice toward none," we have wrought patiently, diligently and conscientiously at our task to the end. We have aimed to make this volume so rehable and complete that it will take rank at once as a standard cyclopedia of John- son county history and interests, alike in the family, the private office, the county offices, or the township ^^board meetings. And trusting that this high aim has been reasonably well achieved, we herewith submit our volume to the judgment and the service of its patrons. Respectfully, The Editor, And the Publishers. Iowa City, Iowa, December 1, 1882. INDEX TO STATE HISTORY. Discovery and Occupation 17 The Original Owners. 25 Pike's Expedition 29 Indian Wars 30 The Black Hawk War 35 Indian Purchases, Reserves and Treaties 37 Spanish Grants 41 The Half-Breed Tract 42 Early Settlements 44 Territorial History 51 The Boundary Question 55 State Organization 59 The Agricultural College and Farm 64 The State University 65 State Historical Society 72 The Penitentiary 72 Additional Penitentiary 73 Iowa Hospital for the Insane (Mt. Pleasant^ 74 Hospital for the Insane (Indepen- dence) 74 Iowa College for the Blind 75 Institution for the Deaf and Dumb 77 Soldiers' Orphans' Home 77 State Normal School 79 Reform School for Girls 79 Asylum for Feeble-Minded Child- ren 79 The Reform School 80 Fish Hatching Establishment. ... 81 The Public Lands 82 The Public Schools 96 Political Record — Territorial Of- ficers 100 Officers of the State Government.lOO The Judiciary — Supreme Court of Iowa 102 Congressional Representation 102 War Record 104 Infantry 108 Cavalry 119 Artillery 122 Number of Troops furnished by the State of Iowa, during the War of the Rebellion, to Janu- ary 1, 1865 125 Constitution of the United States of America and its Amend- ments 126 Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes 138 Interest 138 Descent 138 Wills and Estates of Deceased Persons 139 Taxes 140 Jurisdiction of Courts 142 Limitation of Actions 142 Jurors 142 Capital Punishment 143 Rights of Married Women 143 Exemption from Execution 143 Estrays 145 Wolf Scalps 145 Marks and Brands 145 Damages from Trespass 145 Fences 145 Mechanics' Liens 146 Roads and Bridges 147 Adoption of Children 148 Surveyors and Surveys 148 Support of Poor 148 Landlord and Tenant 149 Weights and Measures 150 Definition of Commercial Terms. 150 Notes 151 Orders 151 Receipts 151 Bills of Purchase 151 Confession of Judgement 151 Articles of Agreement 152 Bills of Sale 153 General form of Will for Real and Personal Property 154 Codicil 155 batisfaction of Mortgage 155 Forms of Real Estate Mortgage. .156 Form of Lease 157 Form of Note 158 Warranty Deed 159 Quit-Claim Deed 160 Bond for Deed 160 Charitable, Scientific and Relig- ious Institutions 161 INDEX OF COUNTY HISTORY. CHAPTER I— PART 1. The County's Name— Sketch of Col. " Rumpsy-Dumpsy" Johnson— S. C Trowbridge the First County Officer— Rival County Seats— Act to Organize— First County Board Meeting — Removal of County Seat, etc 165-178 CHAPTER I— PART 2. First Election Precincts— First Road Districts— Complete List of Present Civil Town- ships, their dates of organization, Post Offices, etc 179-185 CHAPTER II— PART 1. Historic Elections— Successive County Officers— The Grand Parliament— Higher Political Honors— Post Office Matters- Census by Townships, 1850 to 1880 185-204 CHAPTER 11— PART 2. First District Court— First Criiminal Case (Gregg)— First Court in Iowa City— First Naturalizations— A Gang of Petty Thieves— A $5,000 Robbery— The Boyd Wilkin- son Tragedy 204-319 CHAPTER III— PART 1. Court House and Jail— County Poor Farm — Complete List of County Bride;es. 1876, 1881— Early Roads and Ferries 220-236 CHAPTER III— PART 2. Railroad Bond Votes— Frauds— Swindles— Lawsuits— Big Taxes to Pay, etc 237-268 CHAPTER III— PART 3. First Tax list, 1838— First Tuxes Collected, 1839~First County Orders— Financial Reports— A Loan Voted- A Lost Record— Financial Troubles in 1861, Etc.— Statistics of 1881— Finances in 1881-'82 268-287 CHAPTER IV— PART 1. Mound Builders — Ancient Mounds Indians — etc., — in Johnson County 288-299 CHAPTER IV— PART 2. The First Trading House— First Setilers— First Babies— First Wedding— First Deaths — First Doctors — First 4th of July-First Hotel and Other Buildings in Iowa City —First Mill Dams 800 312 CHAPTER IV— PART 3. Old Settlers' Organization — Constitution — Enrolled Names — Various Meetings — Offi- cers, etc 312-323 CHAPTER V— PART 1. The "Claim Association"- Its Organization, Officers, Members, Mode of Operation —Results 323-331 INDEX TO COUNTY HISTORY. 11 CHAPTER V— PART 2. Agriculture — Live Stock Interests— Horticulture— Land Values — Birds, Bees, etc. .331-367 CHAPTER VI-PART 1. Newspapers and Libraries — History of the "Iowa City Republican" — History of the "State Press" — Other Newspapers — History of the Masonic Library — Of the State University Library — Of the State Historical Society's Library — State Librarians, Prof. Parvin and Mrs. North 368-380 CHAPTER VI— PART 2. First Schools and Colleges — Public Schools — Local History of the State University- Johnson County People in other State Institutions 381-406 CHAPTER VI— PART 3. The Temperance Question 407-415 CHAPTER VI— PART 4. Notes in 1840-41 — Trowbridge's County History — The Gov. Lucas Homestead — Ex- Gov. Kirkwood as Road Supervisor — Jim Hamilton's "Gunpowder Plot" — A. Benev- olent Crank — Confusion of Names — Bible Society 415-435 CHAPTER VII— PART 1. Steamboats at Iowa City — First Legislature at Iowa City — Hummer's Bell — A Cyclone — A Great Fire — Obsequies to President Lincoln — A Winter of Distress — The Spell- ing Mania — Paper Mill Explosion (Six Persons Killed) at Coralville — Iowa City's Historic Wind Storm — Snow-Bound — A Double Tragedy (the Stein Murder and Sui- cide.) 426-448 CHAPTER VII— PART 2. Governor Lucas — John Gilbert — Joseph F. Fales — Capt. F. M. Irish — Dr. Wm. Vogt. —Hon. Rush Clark 449-463 CHAPTER VII— PART 3. A Negro Boy Sold — Two Black Girls Kidnapped — Old John Brown's Night Escape froni an Iowa City Mob 463-477 CHAPTER VIII— PART 1. Johnson's County's "Boys in Blue" — The War of the Great Rebellion 477-517 CHAPTER VIII— PART 2. Soldiers' Bounty andRelief Funds— List of Soldiers' Wives aided— The Military Draft — Reception of Returned Regiment — List of Johnson County Men in the Mexican War — Johnson County's "Mormon War." ... 517-530 CHAPTER IX— PART 1. Geography, Topography, Hydrography, Climatology— The Iowa Weather Service, 530-543 CHAPTER IX— PART 2. Two State Geologists.— U. S. Geologists at Iowa City.--Prot. Agassiz at Iowa City. — Prof. Calvin's List of Fossils of Johnson County 544-560 12 INDEX OF COUNTY HISTORY. CHAPTER IX— PART 3. A Lesson in Zoology— Mr. Shimek's Report— Lists of Beasts, Birds, Reptiles, Fishes —Native Animals— Bear and Wolf Stories— Wolf Scalp Bounties— The Game Law- Game and Fish Interests 561-579 CHAPTER X— PART 1. Pioneer Points, by Hon. Henry Felkner 579-586 CHAPTER X— PART 2. Annals of Oxford 586-598 CHAPTER X— PART 3. Chronicles of Clear Creek 598-629 CHAPTER X— PART 4. Beginnings of "Big Bottom," by Nicholas Zeller.— Being the Early Settlement of what is now Madison and Per.u Townships 630-633 CHAPTER XI— PART 1. History of Iowa City 633-645 CHAPTER XL— PART 2. Iowa City's School History — Churches — Secret Orders--Local Societies — Bands — Clubs, etc 646-676 CHAPTER XL— PART 3. The City's Civil Administration. Finances, Manufactories, Etc., 676-691 Township Histories 693 blogkaphical sketches 763 INDEX TO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Pige Abbott Cyrus, Sr 775 Adair Samuel F 775 Adams E. M 775 Adams James M 776 Adams John E 776 Adams Moses 776 Aichar Ciperian 776 Albiu George 777 Alder Ira J 777 Alder Louis 958 Alloway Samuel 777 Alt Jacob H 777 Alt Joseph A 778 Anderson Robert 778 Anderson Levi 778 Anderson George 779 Anderson John A 779 Anderson George W 779 Andrews George 780 Andrews O 780 Andrews William 780 Andrle John W 780 Babcock Orville G 781 Baker Charles 781 Baker George T 781 Baker William H 782 Baker Marion 782 Ball George W 782 Bane James W 782 Barborka Joseph 783 Bartlett Lyman 783 Baumgardiier A. B 959 Beecher James 783 Beranek John K 784 Berry James 784 Beuter A. W 784 Beem Isaac 784 Birrer Martin 785 Black T. H 785 Blaine Wilson 785 Bloom Leon 785 Bloom Hon.M 786 Bloom Benjamia 959 Borland George T 787 BoalGeoree J 787 Boone Abner 787 Borland John 787 Bowersox James E 788 Bowles John J 788 Bowman Jacob 788 Bowen /esse 959 Bradley Charles H 789 Bradley Stephen 789 Brakel J. C 789 Bridenstine James 789 Brierton Michael 790 Brown John M ....790 Brown J. G 790 Brown E. A 791 Page Brunson Henderson 791 Bushuagle Alexis 791 Buck W.F 791 BursressE. W 792 Buresh Joseph 792 Butler Martin Van Buren .792 Byington Robert W 792 Calagy OwenT 793 Caivin Sam uel 767 Cannon W. D 793 Carrigan James 793 Carl Fred T 793 Cavanagh Mathew 794 Cavanaugh James 960 Cerny Joseph 794 Cerny John J 794 Chamberlain James 795 Chamberlain Lewis E. . .795 Cherry Thomas W 795 Cherry Ames 795 Christee John A 796 Clarke Augustus L 796 Clark John Norwood 796 Clark Zachariah A 796 Clapp Elmer F .767 ClappL. W 797 Clark John H 797 Clench Charles E 797 ClineM. C 798 Clifford C. E T98 Close M. T., Close C. D.. .798 Cloud James R 799 Cloud Samuel 799 Clute Rev. Oscar 799 Cochran Mathew 800 Coldren John 800 Combe Thomas 800 Conklin W. F 800 ConklinD. V 801 Cook John 801 Conover Chas. W 801 CookM.W 801 Corrigan Mark 802 Cotter Wm. H 802 CowgiU J 803 Cowperthwaite Allen C. .768 Cox Aaron 803 Cox Thomas J 803 CozineJ. R 803 Crawford Andrew 803 Cray Jerry 804 Cray John H 804 Crow Nathaniel 804 Crozier David 805 Cree Capt. Alfred B.. . .805 Custer Alonzo B 805 Custer Emily F 961 Currier Amos. N 768 Danzell John 806 Page Davis John 806 Davis Thomas D 806 Davis L ...807 Davis John 807 Dennis Isaac V 807 Denison J. B 808 DeSellem Isaac N 808 DeSellem George B 961 DevoeS. J 808 Devault Strawder 809 Dickenson Joseph 809 Dilatush John 809 DilleL. B 810 Dixon D. M 810 Doiidore J 810 Dodder George W 810 Donohoe Michael 811 Donohoe Patrick 811 Donavan Patrick O 811 Donavan Patrick 811 Douglass J. M 811 Douglass William A... 812 Douglass James H 812 Draubaugh David 812 Duffy Michael 812 Dunkel Frank 813 Dunkel Kasper 813 Dunkel William J 813 DunlapR.L 813 Dupont Edward 813 Durst Jacob .814 Earhart Henry 814 Eddy W. M 814 Edmonds Giles 615 Edwards Joseph A 815 Egerman John 815 Eggert Charles A 769 Eiuig Michael 815 Emonds William .816 Englert Louis 816 Englert George 816 Englert Henry J 817 Englert John J 817 Erd Jacob 11 817 EstabrookC. T 817 Fackler W. B 818 Fairall Hon. Samuel H. 818 Fairall Charles H 961 Fairchild Isaac 818 Felkner Hon. Henry. . .818 Fellows Stephen N 769 Fern Thomas 819 Fernstrom Charles 819 Fiala Joseph 81© Figg William L 962 Finch Silas M 819 Fisher W. R 820 Fisher John 820 14 INDEX TO BIOGRAPHIES. Fisher Jacob H 820 Fitzgerald Morris 820 Fitzsimmons Michael. .821 Fletcher Gilman F 821 Floerchinger Jacob 821 Floerchinger George. . .821 Folsom Ron. Gilman.. .822 Ford Michael 822 Ford Thornton 822 Foster W.E.C 822 Fountain William L. . .823 Fountain John 823 Fountain Eli 823 Tracker Edward G 823 Fracker George 824 Frazee Joseph 825 Fulsom Rev. George P. 82.5 Garvin T. M 825 Gaunt William 825 Geary James 826 GeddisR. J 826 George Jacob A 826 George Martin 827 Getsberg B 827 Gillette OmerT 827 Guilleton Jules E 827 Glover T. (J 828 Goetz Wendel 828 Goodroll Maj. Wm. L....828 Gower James H 8:i9 Graber Jacob 829 Graham Col. Harvey. . .829 Graham J. K.... 830 Graham Alexander H. .830 Grebin Christopher . . .830 Graham Benjamin 831 Granara Tliomas 831 Graham J. Ward '. .SSI Gressel Vincent 831 Graf Conrad 832 Green George W 832 Griffith Humphry 832 Goss Abraham 832 Grimes Robert 833 Gross Vincent 833 Gross Gregory 833 Gutlirie Prof. Alfred A, 834 Haddock Hon. Wm. J. .8.34 Hall Capt. George R — 835 Hall Thomas R 835 Ham Jonathan 835 Ham Emerson M 836 Hamilton Hezekiah 836 Hamilton Mrs. Mary A. 836 Hamilton Ezra 837 Hanley Bartlett 837 Hartsock George 837 Hartman Rev. Ossian. .838 Hardsock James Rush. 838 Hartman Jonas 838 Hawk Jonathan 839 Held John 839 Heinricks Henry M 839 Hennessey Patrick 840 Henry John 840 4[emphill J.K 840 Hertz Henry 840 Hess John R 841 Hess George P 841 Hess Samuel S 811 Hess Samuel J 841 Hi.tt Harmon H 842 Hiatt Amos 842 HigbeeO 842 Hill M. R 842 Hindman Rev. John . .843 Hinkley H. L 843 Hiurichs Gustavus 770 Hirt Joseph 843 Hobby C. M 770 Hohenschuh Wm. P 844 Hogan Dennis 844 Holmes Beaumont S...844 Hoffer Jacob 845 Hollings worth Mahlon.845 Holmes John J 845 Honberger W. F 845 Horn Jacob 846 Hanke Samuel G 846 Horrell Joseph H 846 Horak Frank J 847 Hotz Simeon 847 Hotz Jacob J ....'.. ..847 Horner Benjamin M. . .848 Houser J. F 848 Hughes Hon. Thomas. .848 Hunt Wm 849 Hunter Adam .849 Hudson Polly 850 Hubner Charles 8.50 Hutchenson Robert 850 Hummei George 851 Hucek Martin 851 Irish Hon. John P 851 Isense August 852 Jacobs Peter 852 Javne John W 852 Jayne John E. . . . ; 8.53 Johnson Sylvanus 853 Johnson Rolla 8.53 Johnson Lawrence 8.54 Jones Charles 8.54 Jayne William 854 Karbulka Joseph 855 Keim Jacob 855 Kelley Michael 855 Keeler Amos 855 KenyonRev. Fergus L.8.5'3 Kessler Frank S 856 Kessler Fidel 856 Kettlewell George W..856 Kettles Peter 857 Kirk wood Samuel J 763 Kniese Adam 857 Koenig Jacob 857 Koler J. F 857 Korab Paul A 858 Koser Alexander 858 Koza /oseph 962 Kraus John 858 Kramer Jacob 858 LanningEdward 859 Lane F.H ..859 Lane H.C 859 J.angdon D. M 859 Lathrop H. W 860 Laufer Herman 860 Lee J. Walter 860 Leonard A. W 860 Leonard Nathan R 771 Letovsky Victoria B..861 Lewis Chas 861 Letovsky John B 862 Letovsky J. M. B 862 Levy M.. 863 Lenz August 863 Lenz John 863 Lidner Antone 863 Lightner Joel 863 Lininger Jacob 864 Lininger Martin E 864 Loan J. W 865 Lodge Charles M 865 Long Peter 865 Lorenz Robert. 962 Lord Samuel 865 Lovelace Chauucey F. .865 Love Alexander 866 Lucas Chas. A 866 Lucas Edward K 866 Lucas Hon. E. W 866 Luse Judge Z. C 867 Luse M. R 867 Luse Stephen 868 Luther Christopher. . . .868 Lutz J. H 868 Mahana Capt. Bradley. 869 Maher Mathe w 870 Mahoney Dennis 870 Madison Thomas H . . .870 Magill Samuel W 870 Magruder James 874 Magruder George 875 Malloy James 871 Marvin William E 871 Maston George L 871 Mathewson George D...871 McConnellL. A 872 McCarthy Jeremiah . . . 872 McClellan D. E 872 McClaiuEmlin 771 McCollister Hon. Chas. 962 McCrory Hon. S. H 963 McCullough H. B 873 McCune Charles W... 873 McCune JohnP 873 McCreery Hugh. . 674 McDonnell E 874 McGoveni Hugh 829 McTnnery Michael 874 Medowell Arthur 875 INDEX TO BIOGRAPHIES. 15 Medowell Henry 875 Mellecker Francis X...876 Medowell Margaret H.OdS Meyer Matthias 876 Merline Antone 876 Michael Joseph 877 Miller Valentine 877 Miller A. J 877 Miller Aaron P 877 Miller John B 878 Miller Joseph P 878 Moon, M D., Arnold C!878 Moreland Alexander L. 879 Moreland John L 879 Morovork Anton 879 Moessner Fred 880 Morse Mrs. Mary A 880 Mordoff A.D 880 Horseman, M. D., M. J. 880 Mullen William 881 Mulock R. T 881 Myers Valentine 881 Myers Daniel 882 Meyer Morant 882 Myers Isaac 882 Myers L. D 882 Myers Eli 883 Nolan Thomas 883 Nolan James 883 North Mrs. Adh 773 Novak Frank 883 Novak Frank 884 Musser J. D 884 Oaks John P — , ..884 Oaks Charles C 885 Oathout Alva 885 Oathout Justus 885 Oberman Rev. Karl F. .886 O'Brien Joseph 886 O'Hair M. A 887 O'Hanlon James 887 O'Hanlan William 887 O'Rilly Frank H 964 O'Riley Michael 964 Oglevee M. C 887 Oglevee John 887 Orr William V 888 Otto Max 888 Packard Asby D 888 Packard G. H 889 Paine Eugene 889 Paine Stephen E 890 Palmer Charles H. Jr. ..890 Palmer Philip 890 Parker Leonard F 772 Parsons John 890 Parrott John 890 Patterson Bruce 891 Patterson Hon. L B. . .891 Pattee Lieut-Col. John. 891 Patton J. G 892 Paul Hon. George 892 Pauba Joseph W 893 Parvin Theodore Sutton. .764 Payn Evan 893 PefferE. H 893 Peters James 893 Peters John 894 Philbrick P. H 772 Pitlik Joseph 894 Pickering John A 894 Pickard Josiah L 767 Plymesser Samuel J... .894 Plymesser Samuel 895 Poggenpohl H. F 895 Pohler Thomas 895 Poole Wm. H 895 Porter John W . . . 896 Porch L. D 896 Pratt D. A 897 Pratt W. T 897 Pratt Charles 897 Price Jacob F 898 Price A. O 898 Pryce Richard W., K.D.898 PryceCapt.S.D 898 Pudil Frank J 899 Price Benjamin 899 Quinn Rev. James 899 Kabenau F. \V 900 Hank Cyrus S 900 I^ayner Joseph 900 Redhead Wesley 901 Redtield J. A., J r 903 Rees Jacob 903 Kegan Patrick 904 Reno Charles M 904 Remley Milton 905 Rentz George 905 Rettemeyer Frances. .905 Rettemeyer Frank J. . .906 Reynolds John 906 Ricord Edward R 906 Ricord Jacob 906 Ricord Elisha H 907 Richev N. B 908 Rink Charles A 908 Rinehart Alex 908 Ritter Benjamin 908 Robinson Levi 909 Robinson James 909 Robinson Hiram A 909 Robinson James T 910 Robinson /ames 965 Robotham Charles 910 Rohret Mrs. Catharine. 965 Rossler Gottleib F 910 Ross Lewis W 773 RoweH.D 911 Rowley A 911 Rubelman Andrew — 911 Runyon S. R 911 Runyon Asa 911 Ruth Alex 912 Sangester E 912 Sargent Cyrus 912 Saxton Walter.. 913 Scaulon James 913 Scanlon James W 913 Scales Nathaniel 913 Schaedler John B 914 Schell William J 914 Schaich George 914 Schenkemyer Henry... 915 Sc-hlenk George 915 Schonborn Joseph 915 Scofield Mrs. Phebe 773 Seeley H. H 915 Seevogel Henry C 915 SehornMrs.Elizabeth G.916 Serovy A gin Seydel Milton 916 Seydell Jacob N 916 Shaver George 917 Shaver Capt. P. E 917 Shepardson J. J 918 Sheppard Wm. C 918 Shields Andrew 918 Shinn Henry E 919 Shircliff C. H 919 Shirk Daniel 919 Shuey Jacob 919 Shrad'er John C 773 Sies Frank 930 Simek Francis Joseph.. 920 Simek Bohumil 921 Slater Owen 921 Slater John AV 922 Slemmons Matthew G...922 Slezak Joseph 922 Smith Mrs. Sarah A 952 Smith Dexter P 923 Smith Frank H 923 Smitn Mrs. Sasan F 923 Smith Harry C 924 Smith George E 924 Smith Miss Susan F 774 Smith William F 924 Smith Z 925 Smith Robert A 925 Smyth Father Patrick. 926 Snavely Michael T 926 Snider Corbly 926 Snyder J. K. 926 Sorter Alexander 92T Spencer J. O 927 Spinden Samuel 927 Staley A. W 928 Startzer Rudolph 928 Stalev Charles W 928 Startsman Oliver 928 Stach Joseph J 929 Steel John W 929 Steele Joseph 929 Stonebarger Jacob 929 Stover Jerry 930 StrubGustave 931 Strang James B 981 Straw-bridge Jesse K. . .931 Strohm Henrv. 932 Struble JohnT 932 Stewart Dr. David 932 16 INDEX TO BIOGRAPHIES. Stuart Maria E 933 Sutliff H. S 933 Sulek Frank 933 Swafford Mrs. Sarah B. 934 Sweet Caleb J 934 Sweet William T 934 Swisher Benjamin 935 Switzer Joshua P 935 Swofford A. C 935 Swofford C. G 936 Templin James D 936 Tanner Frank 936 Tantlinger Perry 937 Taylor William H 937 Teneick Matthew 937 Teneick William P 93T Terrell Walter 938 Tharpe Lee 938 Thompson John H 988 Thompson Rev. H. M. .939 Thorn Graham 939 Tice Capt. J. A. L 939 Townly David 939 Trimble Peter P 940 Trumbo George 940 Trobridge Col. S. C 940 Tulloss N. H., M. D....941 Tullos Frank 941 Tulloss Ira E 941 Tudor Edward 941 Ulum J. C 942 Ulch George 942 UnrathAdam 942 Yanfleet John E 952 Vonstein Peter 943 Wagner John 943 Wagner George W 943 Wagner John P 944 Waldron JohuL 944 Walker Henry 944 Walker Robert 965 Walker James 945 Ward J. R 945 Walker A. P 945 Walker Joseph 946 Watson B.P 946 Watson Lewis H 947 Weber Peter J 947 Weeber Isaac S 947 Weiser John C 947 Welch Willard J 948 Wescott Jr., Albert. . . .948 Wescott Moses A 948 Wetoshak Charles 948 Whedon W. D 948 Whetstone John H 949 Whedon W. D 949 Whetstone John H 949 White Harry A 949 Whitset John 949 Wical George 950 Wieneke Henry J 950 Williams Benjamin 950 Williams Enoch 950 White Harry A 949 Whitacre Aquilla 965 Whitsel John 949 Wical George 950 Wieneke Henry J 950 Williams Benjamin 950 Williams Enoch 950 Williams Robert 951 Willis Jacob R 951 Wilson William F 951 Wilson J. W 952 Wilson Thomas W 952 Wise J. R 952 Wlack Joseph 952 Wood David W 953 Worden Edward 956 Workman Hon. Samuel.960 Wolfe William 954 Wolfe Hon. Lewis R. . .954 Wray Carson B 954 Wray Dayid 955 Xanten John A 955 Yager Jacob 956 Yenter Jacob 956 Zal|£)krtsky Joseph 956 Zeller Jacob 956 Zeller Jr., N 957 Zeller Michael 957 Zeigler David B 957 Zeller Sr., Nicholas 957 Zimmerman William.. 957 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. DISCOVERY AND OCCUPATION. W, in the symbolical and expressive language of the aboriginal inhab- itants ,s said t^o signify "The Beautiful Land,'' and was applied to tliL magnificent and fruitful region by its ancient owne;s, to express tSi ipprec^ tion of Its superiority of climate, soil and location. Prior to 1803, the Mississippi Kiver was the extreme western boundary of the United States. All the great empire lying west of the " Father of Waters," from the Gulf of Mexico on the south to British America on the north, and westward to the Pacific Ocean was a Spanish pix,vince. A brief historical sketch of the discovery and occupation of this grand empire by the Spanish and French governments will be a fittin.. ntioduction to the history of the young and thriving State of Iowa, which! until the commencement of the present century, was a part of the Spanish possessions in America. ^ ^p^nii^u Wn^f^ '^ the Spring of 1542, fifty years after Columbus discovered the New World and one hundred and thirty years before the French missionaries discov- ered Its upper waters, Ferdinand De Soto discovered the mouth of the Mississippi River at the mouth of the Washita. After thfe sudden death of De Soto,^^n May of the same year, his followers built a small vessel, and in July, 1543 descended the great river to the Gulf of Mexico. ^ ' In accordance with the usage of nations, under which title to the soil was claimed by right of discovery, Spain, having conquered Florida and discovered the Mississippi, claimed all the territory bordering on that river and the Gulf of Mexico. -But It was also held by the European nations that, while discovery gave title, that tit e must be perfected by actual possession and occupation^ iUthough Spam claimed the territory by right of first discovery, she made no ettoi t to occupy it ; by no permanent settlement had she perfected and held her fatle and therefore had forfeited it when, at a later period, the Lower Mississippi Valley was re-discovered and occupied by France. ^ The unparalleled labors of the zealous French Jesuits of Canada in penetrating the unknown region of the West, commencing in 1611, form a history of no ordi- nary interest, but have no particular connection with the scope of the present work, until in the Fall of 1665. Pierre Claude Allouez, who had entered Lake t»uperior in September, and sailed along the southern coast in search of copper had arrived at the great village of the Chippewas at Chegoincegon. Here a grand council of some ten or twelve of the principal Indiafi natiSns was held, llie Pottawatomies of Lake Michigan, the Sacs and Foxes of the West, the Hurons from the North, the Illinois from the South, and the Sioux from the land ot the prairie and wild rice, were all assembled there. The Illinois told 18 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. the story of their ancient glory and about the noble river on the banks of which they dwelt. The Sioux also told their white brother of the same great ris^er, and Allouez promised to the assembled tribes the protection of the French nation against all their enemies, native or foreign. The purpose of discovering the great river about Avhich the Indian na- tions had given such glowing accounts appears to have originated with Mar- quette, in 1669. In the year previous, he and Claude Dablon had established the Mission of St. Mary's, the oldest white settlement within the present limits of the State of Michigan. Marquette was delayed in the execution of his great undertaking, and spent the interval in studying the language and habits of the Illinois Indians, among whom he expected to travel. About this time, the French Government had determined to extend the do- minion of France to the extreme western borders of Canada. Nicholas Perrot was sent as the agent of the government, to propose a grand council of the Indian nations, at St. Mary's. When Perrot reached Green Bay, he extended the invitation far and near ; and, escorted by Pottawatomies, repaired on a mission of peace and friend- ship to the Miamis, who occupied the region about the present location of Chicago. In May, 1671, a great council of Indians gathered at the Falls of St. Mary, from all parts of the Northwest, from the head waters of the St. Law- rence, from the valley of the Mississippi and from the Red River of the North. Perrot met with them, and after grave consultation, formally announced to the assembled nations that their good French Father felt an abiding interest in their w-elfare, and had placed them all under the powerful protection of the French Government. Marquette, during that same year, had gathered at Point St. Ignace the remn ants of one branch of the Hurons. This station, for a long series of years, was considered the key to the unknown West. The time was now auspicious for the consummation of Marquette's grand project. The successful termination of Perrot's mission, and the general friend- liness of the native tribes, rendered the contemplated expedition much less per- ilous. But it was not until 1673 that the intrepid and enthusiastic priest was finally ready to depart on his daring and perilous journey to lands never trod by white men. The Indians, who had gathered in large numbers to witness his departure, were astounded at the boldness of the proposed undertaking, and tried to dis- courage him, representing that the Indians of the Mississippi Valley were cruel and bloodthirsty, and would resent the intrusion of strangers upon their domain. The great river itself, they said, was the abode of terrible monsters, who could swallow both canoes and men. But Marquette was not to be diverted from his purpose by these fearful re- ports He assured his dusky friends that he was ready to make any sacrifice, even to lay down his life for the sacred cause in which he was engaged. He prayed with them ; and having implored the blessing of God upon his undertak- ing, on the 13th day of May, 1673, with Joliet and five Canadian-French voy- ageurs, or boatmen, he left the mission on his daring journey. Ascending Green Bay and Fox River, these bold and enthusiastic pioneers of religion and discovery proceeded until they reached a Miami and Kickapoo villag?, where tor n "' ^""'fy}'^ \'. fi^d, '.' - beautiful cross planted in the middle of the thl; ^^^^;™«^*;^\^f Jl^ite skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, which these good people had ofi"ered to the Great Manitou, or God, to thank Him for HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 19 the pity He had bestowed on them during the Winter, in having given them abundant chase." This was the extreme point beyond which the explorations of tlie French missionaries had not then extended. Here Marquette was instructed by his Indian hosts in the secret of a root that cures the bite of the venomous rattle- snake, drank mineral water with them and was entertained with generous hos- pitality. He called together the principal men of the village, and informed them that his companion, Joliet, had been sent by the French Governor of Can- ada to discover new countries, to be added to the dominion of France ; but that he, himself, had been sent by the Most High God, to carry the glorious religion of the Cross ; and assured his wondering hearers that on this mission heliad no fear of death, to which he knew he would be exposed on his perilous journeys. Obtaining the services of two Miami guides, to conduct his little band to the Wisconsin River, he left the hospitable Indians on the 10th of June. Conduct- ing them across the portage, their Indian guides returned to their village, and the little party descended the Wisconsin, to tiie great river which had so long been so anxiously looked for, and boldly floated down its unknown waters. On the 25th of June, the explorers discovered indications of Indians on the west bank of the river and land -d a little above the mouth of the river now known as Des Moines, and for the first time Europeans trod the soil of Iowa. Leaving the Canadians to guard the canoes, Marquette and Joliet l)ol(lly fol- lowed the trail into the interior for fourteen miles (some authorities say six), to an Indian village situate on the banks of a river, and discovered two other vil- lages, on the rising ground about half a league distant. Their visit, while it created much astonishment, did not seem to be entirely unexpected, for there was a tradition or prophecy among the Indians that white visitors were to come to them. They were, therefore, received with great respect and hospitality, and were cordially tendered the calumet or pipe of peace. They were informed that this band was a part of the Illini nation and that their village was called Mon- in-gou-ma or Moingona, which was the name of the river on which it stood. This, from its similarity of -sound, Marquette corrupted into Des Moines (Monk's River), its present name. Here the voyagers remained six days, learning much of the manners and customs of their new friends. The new religion they boldly preached and the authority of the King of France they proclaimed were received without hos- tility or remonstrance by their savage entertainers. On their departure, they were accompanied to their canoes by the chiefs and hundreds of warriors. Marquette received from them the sacred calumet, the emblem of peace and safeguard among the nations, and re-embarked for the rest of his journey. It is needless to follow him further, as his explorations beyond his discovery of Iowa more properly belong to the history of another State. In 1682, La Salle descended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and in the name of the King of France, took formal possession of all the immense region watered by the great river and its tributaries from its source to its mouth, and named it Louisiana, in honor of his master, Louis XIV. The river he called " Colbert," after the French Minister, and at its mouth erected a column and a cross bearing the inscription, in the French language, "Louis the Great, King of Fraxce and Navarre, Reigning April 9th, 1682." At the close of the seventeenth century, France claimed, by right of dis- covery and occupancy, the whole valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries, including Texas, as far as the Rio del Norte. 20 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. The province of Louisiana stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the sources of the Tennessee, the Kanawha, the Allegheny and the Monongahela on the east, and the Missouri and the other great tributaries of the Father of Waters on the west. Says Bancroft, " France had obtained, under Providence, the guardianship of this immense district of country, not, as it proved, for her own benefit, but rather as a trustee for the infant nation by which it was one day to be inherited." By the treaty of Utrecht, France ceded to England her possessions in Hudson's Bay, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. France still retained Louisiana ; but the province had so far failed to meet the expectations of the crown and the peoi)le that a change in the government and policy of the country was deemed indispensable. Accordingly, in 1711, the province was placed in the hands of a Governor General, with headquarters at Mobile. This govern- ment was of brief duration, and in 1712 a charter was granted to Anthony Crozat, a wealthy merchant of Paris, giving him the entire control and mo- nopoly of all the trade and resources of Louisiana. But this scheme also failed. Crozat met with no success in his commercial operations ; every Spanish harbor on the Gulf was closed against his vessels ; the occupation of Louisiana w^as deemed an encroachment on Spanish territory ; Spain was jealous of the am- bition of France. Failing in his efforts to open the ports of the district, Crozat "sought to develop the internal resources of Louisiana, by causing trading posts to be opened, and explorations to be made to its remotest borders. But he actually accomplished nothing for the advancement of the colony. The only- prosperity which it ever possessed grew out of the enterprise of humble indi- viduals, who had succeeded in instituting a little barter between themselves and the natives, and a petty trade with neighboring European settlements. After a persevering effort of nearly five years, he surrendered his charter in August, 1717." Immediately following the surrender of his charter by Crozat, another and more magnificent scheme was inaugurated. The national government of France was deeply involved in debt; the colonies were nearly bankrupt, and John Law appeared on the scene with his famous Mississippi Company, as the Louisiana branch of the Bank of France. The charter granted to this company gave it a legal existence of twenty -five years, and conferred upon it more extensive powers and privileges than had been granted to Crozat. It invested the new company with the exclusive privilege of the entire commerce of Louisiana, and of New France, a ad with authority to enforce their rights. The Company was author- ized to monopolize all the trade in the country ; to make treaties wdth the Indians ; to declare and prosecute war ; to grant lands, erect forts, open mines of precious metals, levy taxes, nominate civil officers, commission those of the army, and to appoint and remove judges, to cast cannon, and build and equip ships of war. All this was to be done with the paper currency of John Law's Bank of France. He had succeeded in getting His Majesty the French King to adopt and sanction his scheme of financial operations both in France and in the colonies, and probably there never was such a huge financial bubble ever blown by a visionary theorist. Still, such was the condition of France that xC was accepted as a national deliverance, and Law became the most powerful man in France. He became a Catholic, and was appointed Comptroller General of Finance. Among the first operations of the Company was to send eight hundred emigrants to Louisiana, who arrived at Dauphine Island in 1718. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 21 In 1719, Philipe Francis Renault arrived in Illinois with two hundred miners and artisans. The war between France and Spain at this time rendered it extremely probable that the Mississippi Valley might become the theater of Spanish hostilities against the French settlements ; to prevent this, as well as to extend French claims, a chain of forts was begun, to keep open the connection between the mouth and the sources of the Mississippi. Fort Orleans, high up the Mississippi River, was erected as an outpost in 1720. The Mississippi scheme was at the zenith of its power and glory in January, 1720, but the gigantic bubble collapsed more suddenly than it had been inflated, and the Company was declared hopelessly bankrupt in May following. France was impoverished by it, both private and public credit were overthrown, capi- talists suddenly found themselves paupers, and labor was left without employ- ment. The effect on the colony of Louisiana was- disastrous. While this was going on in Lower Louisiana, the region about the lakes was the theater of Indian hostilities, rendering the passage from Canada to Louisiana extremely dangerous for many years. The English had not only extended their Indian trade into the vicinity of the French settlements, but through their friends, the Iroquois, had gained a marked ascendancy over the Foxes, a fierce and powerful tribe, of Iroquois descent, whom they incited to hostilities against the French. The Foxes began their hostilities with the siege of Detroit in 1712, a siege which they continued for nineteen consecutive days, and although the expedition resulted in diminishing their numbers and humbling their pride, yet it was not until after several successive campaigns, embodying the best military resources of New France, had been directed against them, that were finally defeated at the great battles of Butte des Morts, and on the Wisconsin River, and driven west in 1746. The Company, having found that the cost of defending Louisiana exceeded the returns from its commerce, solicited leave to surrender the Mississippi wilderness to the home government. Accordingly, on the 10th of April, 1732, the jurisdiction and control over the commerce reverted to the crown of France. The Company had held possession of Louisiana fourteen years. In 1735, Bien- ville returned to assume command for the King. A glance at a few of the old French settlements will show the progress made in portions of Louisiana during the early part of the eighteenth century. As early as 1705, traders and hunters had penetrated the fertile regions of the Wabash, and from this region, at that early date, fifteen thousand hides and skins had been collected and sent to Mobile for the European market. In the year 1716, the French population on the Wabash kept up a lucrative commerce with Mobile by means of traders and voyageurs. The Ohio River was comparatively unknown. In 1746, agriculture on the Wabash had attained to greater prosperity than in any of the French settlements besides, and in that year six hundred barrels of flour were manufactured and shipped to New Orleans, together with consider- able quantities of hides, peltry, tallow and beeswax. In the Illinois country, also, considerable settlements had been made, so that, in 1730, they embraced one hundred and forty French families, about six hundred "converted Indians," and many traders and voyageurs. In 1753, the first actual conflict arose between Louisiana and the Atlantic colonies. From the earliest advent of the Jesuit fathers, up to the period of which we speak, the great ambition of the French had been, not alone to preserve their possessions in the West, but by every possible means to prevent the slightest attempt of the English, east of the mountains, to extend their settle 22 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. ments toward the Mississippi. France was resolved on retaining possession of the great territory which her missionaries had discovered and revealed to the world. French commandants had avowed their purpose of seizing every Englishman within the Ohio Valley. The colonies of Pennsylvania, New York and Virginia were most aifected by the encroachments of France in the extension of her dominion, and particularly in the great scheme of uniting Canada with Louisiana. To carry out this purpose, the French had taken possession of a tract of country claimed by Vir- ginia, and had commenced a line of forts extending from the lakes to the OhiO' River. Virginia was not only alive to her own interests, but attentive to the vast importance of an immediate and effectual resistance on the part of all the English colonies to the actual and contemplated encroachments of the French. In 1753, Governor Dinwiddle, of Virginia, sent George Washington, then a young man just twenty-one, to demand of the French commandant " a reason for invading British dominions while a solid peace subsisted." Washington met the French commandant, Gardeur de St. Pierre, on the head waiters of the Alleghany, and having communicated to him the object of his journey, received the insolent answer that the French would not discuss the matter of right, but would make prisoners of every Englishman found trading on the Ohio and its waters. The country, he said, belonged to the French, by virtue of the dis- coveries of La Salle, and they would not withdraw from it. In January, 1754, Washington returned to Virginia, and made his report to the Governor and Council. Forces were at once raised, and Washington, as Lieutenant Colonel, was dispatched at the head of a hundred and fifty men, to- the forks of the Ohio, with orders to "finish the fort already begun there by the Ohio Company, and to make prisoners, kill or destroy all who interrupted the English settlements." On his march through the forests of Western Pennsylvania, Washington, throucrh the aid of friendly Indians, discovered the French concealed among the rocks, and as they ran to seize their arms, ordered his men to fire upon them, at the same time, with his own musket, setting the example. An action lasting about a quarter of an hour ensued ; ten of the Frenchmen were killed, among them Jumonville, the commander of the party, and twenty-one were made pris- oners. The dead were scalped by the Indians, and the chief, bearing a toma- haAvk and a scalp, visited all the tribes of the Miamis, urging them to join the Six Nations and the English against the French. The French, however, were soon re-enforced, and Col. Washington was compelled to return to Fort Necessity. Here, on the 3d day of July, De Villiers invested the fort with 600 French troops and 100 Indians. On the 4th, Washington accepted terms of capitulation, and the English garrison withdrew from the valley of the Ohio. This attack of Washington upon Jumonville aroused the indignation of France, and war was formally declared in May, 1756, and the " French and Indian War" devastated the colonies for several years. Montreal, Detroit and all Canada were surrendered to the English, and on the 10th of February, 1763, by the treaty of Paris — which had been signed, though not formally ratified by the respective governments, on the 3 like strip on the north side of the boundary. Thus the United States, at the ratification of thi<) treaty, February 24, 1831, came into possession of a portion of Iowa forty miles wide, extend ing along the Clark and Cass line of 1825, from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. Thw territory was known as the " Neutral Ground," and the tribes on either side of the line were allowed to fish and hunt on it unmolested till it was made a Winnebago reservation, and tha Winuebagoes were removed to it in 1841. 9. Treaty wiih the Sacs and Foxes and other Tribes. — At the same time of the above treaty re- specting the " Neutral Ground" (July 15, 1830), the Sacs and Foxes, Western Sioux, Omahas, lowas and Missouris ceded to the United States a portion of the western slope of Iowa, the boun- daries of which were defined as follows : Beginning at the upper fork of the Des Moines River, and passing the sources of the Little Sioux and Floyd Rivers, to the fork of the first creek that falls into the Big Sioux, or Calumet, on the east side ; thence down said creek and th» Calumet 40 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. River to the Missouri River ; thence down said Missouri River to the Missouri State line above the Kansas ; thence along said line to the northwest corner of said State ; thence to the high lands between the waters falling into the Missouri and Des Moines, passing to said high lands along the dividing ridge between the forks of the Grand River ; thence along said high lands or ridge separating the waters of the Missouri from those of the Des Moines, to a point opposite the source of the Boyer River, and thence in a direct line to the upper fork of the Des Moines, the place of beginning. It was understood that the lands ceded and relinquished by this treaty were to be assigned and allutted, under the direction of the President of the United States, to the tribes then living thereon, or to such other tribes as the President might locate thereon for hunting and other pur- poses. In consideration of three tracts of land ceded in this treaty, the United States agreed to pay to the Sacs three thousand dollars ; to the Foxes, three thousand dollars ; to the Sioux, two thousand dollars; to the Yankton and Santic hands of Sioux, three thousand dollars; to the Omahas, two thousand five hundred dollars; and to the Ottoes and Missouris, two thousand five hundred dollars — to be paid annually for ten (successive years. In addition to these annuities, the Government agreed to furnish some of the tribes with blacksmiths and agricultural imple- ments to the amount of two hundred dollars, at the expense of the United States, and to set apart throe thousand dollars annually for the education of the children of these tribes. It does not appear that any fort was erected iu this territory prior to the erection of Fort Atkinson on the Neutral Ground, in 1840-41. This treaty was made by William Clark, Superintendent of Indian affairs, and Col. Willoughby Morgan, of the United States First Infantry, and came into effect by proclamation, February 24, 1831. 10. Treaty with the Winnebagoes. — Made at Fort Armstrong, Rock Island, September 15, 1832, by Gen. Winfield Scott and Hon. John Reynolds, Governor of Illinois. In this treaty the Win- nebagoes ceded to the United States all their land lying on the east side of the Mississippi, and in part consideration therefor the United States granted to the Winnebagoes, to be held as other Indian lands are held, that portion of Iowa known as the Neutral Ground. The exchange of the two tracts of country was to take place on or before the 1st day of June, 1833. In addition to the Neutral Ground, it was stipulated that the United States should give the AVinnebagoes, begin- ning in September, 1833, and continuing for twenty-seven successive years, ten thousand dollars in specie, and establish a school among them, with a farm and garden, and provide other facili- ties for the education of their children, not to exceed in cost three thousand dollars a year, and to continue the same for twenty-seven successive years. Six agriculturists, twelve yoke of oxen and plows and other farming tools were to be supplied by the Government. 11. Treaty of 1832 with the Sac.t and Foxes. — Already mentioned as the Black Hawk purchase. 12. Treaty of 1S36, with the Sacs and Foxes, ceding Keokuk's Pieserve to the United States; for which the Government stipulated to pay thirty thousand dollars, and an annuity often thou- sand dollars for ten successive years, together with other sums and debts of the Indians to various parties. . 13. Treaty of 1837. — On the 21st of October, 1837, a treaty was made at the city of Wash- ington, between Carey A. Harris, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and the confederate tribes of Sacs and Foxes, ratified February 21, 1838, wherein another slice of the soil of Iowa was obtained, described in the treaty as follows: "A tract of country containing 1,250,000 acres, lying west and adjoining the tract conveyed by them to the United States in the treaty of September 21, 1832. It is understood that the points of termination for the present cession shall be the north- ern and southern points of said tract as fixed by the survey made under the authority of the United States, and that a line shall be drawn between them so as to intersect a line extended westwardly from the angle of said tract nearly opposite to Rock Island, as laid down in the above survey, so far as may be necessary to include the number of acres hereby ceded, which last mentioned line, it is estimated, will be about twenty-five miles." This piece of land was twenty-five miles wide in the middle, and ran off to a point at both ends, lying directly back of the Black Hawk Purchase, and of the same length. 14 Treaty of Relinquishment. — At the same date as the above treaty, in the city of Washing- ton, Carey A. Harris, Commissioner, the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States all their right and interest in the country lying south of the boundary line between the Sacs and Foxes and Sioux, as described in the treaty of August 19, 1825, and between the Mississippi and Mis- souri Rivers, the United States paying for the same one hundred and sixty thousand dollars. The Indians also gave up all claims and interests under the treaties previously made with them, for the satisfaction of which no appropriations had been made. 15. Treaty of 1843. — The last treaty was made with the Sacs and Foxes October 11, 1842; ratified March 23, 1843. It was made at the Sac and Fox agency (Agency City), by John Chambers, Commissioner on behalf of the United States. In this treaty the Sac and Fox Indians " ceded to the Uiuted States all their lands west of the Mississippi to which they had any claim or title." By the terms of this treaty they were to be removed from the country at the expira- tion of three years, and all who remained after that were to move at their own expense. Part of them were removed to Kansas in the Fall of 1845, and the rest the Spring following. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 41 SPANISH GRANTS. While the territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was under Spanish rule as a part of its province of Louisiana, certain claims to and grants of land were made by the Spanish authorities, with which, in addition to the extinguishment of Indian titles, the United States had to deal. It is proper that these should be briefly reviewed. Dubuque. — On the 22d day of September, 1788, Julien Dubuque, a French- man, from Prairie du Chien, obtained from the Foxes a cession or lease of lands on the Mississippi River for mining purposes, on the site of the present city of Dubuque. Lead had been discovered here eight years before, in 1780, by the wife of Peosta Fox, a warrior, and Dubuque's claim embraced nearly all the lead bearing lands in that vicinity. He immediately took possession of his claim and commenced mining, at the same time making a settlement. The place became known as the "Spanish Miners," or, more commonly, "Dubuque's Lead Mines." In 1796, Dubuque filed a petition with Baron de Carondelet, the Spanish Governor of Louisiana, asking that the tract ceded to him by the Indians might be granted to him by patent from the Spanish Government. In this petition, Dubuque rather indefinitely set forth the boundaries of this claim as " about seven leagues along the Mississippi River, and three leagues in width from the river," intending to include, as is supposed, the river front between the Little Maquoketa and the Tete des Mertz Rivers, embracing more than twenty thou- sand acres. Carondelet granted the prayer of the petition, and the grant was subsequently confirmed by the Board of Land Commissioners of Louisiana. In October, 1804, Dubuque transferred the larger part of his claim to Auguste Choteau, of St. Louis, and on the 17th of May, 1805, he and Choteau jointly filed their claims with the Board of Commissioners. On the 20th of September, 1806, the Board decided in their favor, pronouncing the claim to be a regular Spanish grant, made and completed prior to the 1st day of October, 1800, only one member, J. B. C. Lucas, dissenting. Dubuque died March 24, 1810. The Indians, understanding that the claim of Dubuque under their former act of cession was only a permit to occupy the tract and work the mines during his life, and that at his death they reverted to them, took possession and continued mining operations, and were sustained by the military authority of the United States, notwithstanding the decision of the Commissioners. When the Black Hawk purchase was consummated, the Du- buque claim thus held by the Indians was absorbed by the United States, as the Sacs and Foxes made no reservation of it in the treaty of 1832. The heirs of Choteau, however, were not disposed to relinquish their claim without a struggle. Late in 1832, they employed an agent to look after their interests, and authorized him to lease the rio-ht to dio; lead on the lands. The miners who commenced work under this agent were compelled by the military to abandon their operations, and one of the claimants went to Galena to institute legal proceedings, but found no court of competent jurisdiction, although he did bring an action for the recovery of a quantity of lead dug at Dubuque, for the purpose of testing the title. Being unable to identify the lead, however, he was non-suited. By act of Congress, approved July 2, 1836, the town of Dubuque was sur- veyed and platted. After lots had been sold and occupied by the purchasers, Henry Choteau brought an action of ejectment against Patrick Malony, who 42 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. held land in Dubuque under a patent from the United States, for the recovery of seven undivided eighth parts of the Dubuque claim, as purchased by Auguste Choteau in 1804. The case was tried in the District Court of the United States for the District of Iowa, and was decided adversely to the plaintiff. The case was carried to the Supreme Court of the United States on a WTit of error, when it was heard at the December term, 1853, and the decision of the lower court was affirmed, the court holding that the permit from Carondolet was merely a lease or permit to work the mines ; that Dubuque asked, and the Governor of Louisiana granted, nothing more than the " peaceable possession " of certain lands obtained from the Indians; that Carondelet had no legal authority to makesnch a grant as claimed, and that, even if he had, this was but an " inchoate and imperfect title." Criard. — In 1795, the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Louisiana granted to Basil Giard five thousand eight hundred and sixty acres of land, in what is now Clayton County, known as the "Giard Tract." He occupied the land during the time that Iowa passed from Spain to France, and from France to the United States, in consideration of which the Federal Government granted a patent of the same to Giard in his own right. His heirs sold the whole tract to James H. Lockwood and Thomas P. Burnett, of Prairie du Chien, for three hundred dollars. Honori. — March 30, 1799, Zenon Trudeau, Acting Lieutenant Governor of L^pper Louisiana, granted to Louis Honori a tract of land on the site of the present town of Montrose, as follows : " It is permitted to Mr. Louis (Fresson) Henori, or Louis Honore Fesson, to establish himself at the head of the rapids of the River Des Moines, and his establishment once formed, notice of it shall be 'given to the Governor General, in order to obtain for him a commission of a space sufficient to give value to such establishment, and at the same time to render it useful to the commerce of the peltries of this country, to watch the Indians and keep them in the fidelity which they owe to His Majesty." Honori took immediate possession of his claim, which he retained until 1805. Wliile trading with the natives, he became indebted to Joseph Robedoux, who obtained an execution on which the property was sold May 13, 1803, and was purchased by the creditor. In these proceedings the property was described as being " about six leagues above the River Des Moines." Robedoux died soon after he purchased the proprerty. Auguste Choteau, his executor, disposed of the Honori tract to Thomas F. Reddeck, in April, 1805, up to w^hich time Honori continued to occupy it. The grant, as made by the Spanish government, was a league square, but only one mile square was confirmed by the United States. After the half-breeds sold their lands, in which the Honori grant was included, various claimants resorted to litigation in attempts to invalidate the title of the Reddeck heirs, but it was finally confirmed by a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1839, and is the oldest legal title to any land in the State of Iowa. THE HALF-BREED TRACT. Before any permanent settlement had been made in the Territory of Iowa, white adventurers, trappers and traders, many of whom were scattered along the Mississippi and its tributaries, as agents and employes of the American Fur Company, intermarried with the females of the Sac and Fox Indians, producing a race of half-breeds, whose number was never definitely ascertained. There were some respectable and excellent people among them, children of men of some refinement and education. For instance : Dr. Muir, a gentleman educated HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 43 at Edinburgh, Scotland, a surgeon in the United States Army, stationed at a military post located on the present site of Warsaw, married an Indian woman, and reared his family of three daughters in the city of Keokuk. Other exam- ples might be cited, but they are probably exceptions to the general rule, and the race is now nearly or quite extinct in Iowa. A treaty was made at Washington, August 4, 1824, between the Sacs and Foxes and the United States, by which that portion of Lee County was reserved to the half-breeds of those tribes, and which Avas afterward known as " The Half-Breed Tract." This reservation is the triangular piece of land, containing about 119,000 acres, lying between the Mississippi andDes Moines Rivers. It is bounded on the north by the prolongation of the northern line of Missouri. This line Avas intended to be a straight one, running due east, which would have caused it to strike the Mississippi River at or below Montrose ; but the surveyor who run it took no notice of the change in the variation of the needle as he proceeded eastward, and, in consequence, the line he run was bent, deviating more and more to the northward of a direct line as he approached the Mississippi, so that it struck that river at the lower edge of the town of Fort Madison. " This errone- ous line," says Judge Mason, "has been acquiesced in as well in fixing the northern limit of the Half-Breed Tract as in determining the northern boundary line of the State of Missouri." The line thus run included in the reservation a portion of the lower part of the city of Fort Madison, and all of the present townships of Van Buren, Charleston, Jefferson, Des Moines, Montrose and Jackson. Under the treaty of 1824, the half-breeds had the right to occupy the soil, but could not convey it, the reversion being reserved to the United States. But on the 30th day of January, 1834, by act of Congress, this reversionary right was relinquished, and the half-breeds acquired the lands in fee simple. This was no sooner done, than a horde of speculators rushed in to buy land of the half-breed owners, and, in many instances, a gun, a blanket, a pony or a few quarts of whisky was sufficient for the purchase of large estates. There was a deal of sharp practice on both sides ; Indians would often claim ownership of land by virtue of being half-breeds, and had no difficulty in proving their mixed blood by the Indians, and they Avould then cheat the speculators by selling land to which they had no rightful title. On the other hand, speculators often claimed land in which they had no ownership. It was diamond cut diamond, until at last things became badly mixed. There were no authorized surveys, and no boundary lines to claims, and, as a natural result, numerous conflicts and quarrels ensued. To settle these difficulties, to decide the validity of claims or sell them for the benefit of the real owners, by act of the Legislature of Wisconsin Territory, approved January 16, 1838, Edward Johnstone, Thomas S. Wilson and David Brigham were appointed Commissioners, and clothed with power to effect these objects. The act provided that these Commissioners should be paid six dollars a day each. The commission entei'ed upon its duties and continued until the next session of the Legislature, when the act creating it was repealed, invalidat- ing all that had been done and depriving the Commissioners of their pay. The repealing act, however, authorized the Commissioners to commence action against the owners of the Half-Breed Tract, to receive pay for their services, in the Dis- trict Court of Lee County. Two judgments were obtained, and on execution the whole of the tract was sold to Hugh T. Reid, the Sheriff executing the deed. Mr. Reid sold portions of it to various parties, but his own title was questioned and he became involved in litigation. Decisions in favor of Reid 44 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. and those holding under him were made by both District and Supreme Courts, but in December, 1850, these decisions were finally reversed by the Supreme Court of the United States in the case of Joseph Webster, plaintiiF in error, vs. Hugh T. Reid, and the judgment titles failed. About nine years before the "judgment titles " were finally abrogated as above, another class of titles were brought into competition with them, and in the conflict between the two, the final decision was obtained. These were the titles based on the " decree of partition " issued by the United States District Court for the Territory of Iowa, on the 8th of May, 1841, and certified to by the Clerk on the 2d day of June of that year. Edward Johnstone and Hugh T. Reid, then law partners at Fort Madison, filed the petition for the decree in behalf of the St. Louis claimants of half-breed lands. Francis S. Key, author of the Star Spangled Banner, who was then attorney for the New York Land Company, which held heavy interests in these lands, took a leading part in the measure, and drew up the document in which it was presented to the court. Judge Charles Mason, of Burlington, pre- sided. The plan of partition divided the tract into one hundred and one shares and arranged that each claimant should draw his proportion by lot, and should abide the result, whatever it might be. The arrangement was entered into, the lots drawn, and the plat of the same filed in the Recorder's ofiice, October 6, 1.841. Upon this basis the titles to land in the Half-Breed Tract are now held. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. The first permanent settlement by the whites within the limits of Iowa was made by Julien Dubuque, in 1788, when, with a small party of miners, he set- tled on the site of the city that now bears his name, where he lived until his death, in 1810. Louis Honori settled on the site of the present town of Mon- trose, probably in 1799, and resided there until 1805, when his property passed into other hands. Of the Giard settlement, opposite Prairie du Chien, little is known, except that it was occupied by some parties prior to the commencement of the present century, and contained three cabins in 1805. Indian traders, although not strictly to be considered settlers, had established themselves at various points at an early date. A Mr. Johnson, agent of the American Fur Company, had a trading post below Burlington, where he carried on trafiic with the Indians some time before the United States possessed the country. In 1820, Le Moliese, a French trader, had a station at what is now Sandusky, six miles above Keokuk, in Lee County. In 1829, Dr. Isaac Gallaud made a set- tlement on the Lower Rapids, at what is now Nashville. The first settlement in Lee County was made in 1820, by Dr. Samuel C. Muir, a surgeon in the United States army, who had been stationed at Fort Edwards, now Warsaw, 111., and who built a cabin where the city of Keokuk now stands. Dr. Muir was a man of strict integrity and irreproachable char- acter. While stationed at a military post on the Upper Mississippi, he had married an Indian woman of the Fox nation. Of his marriage, the following romantic account is given : The post at which he was stationed was visiterl by a beautiful Indian maiden — whose native name, unfortunately, has not been preserved — who, in her dreams, had seen a white brave un- moor his canoe, paddle it across the river and come directly to her lodge. . She felt assured, according to the superstitious belief of her race, that, in her dreams, she had seen her future husband, and had come to the fort to find him. Meeting Dr. Muir, she instantly recognized him as the hero of her dream, which, with childlike innocence and simplicity, she related to him. Her dream was, indeed, prophetic. Charmed with Sophia's beauty, innocence and devo- tion, the doctor honorably married her ; but after a while, the sneers and gibes of his brother HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 45 officers — less honorable than he, perhaps — made him feel ashamed of his dark-skinned wife, and when his regiment was ordered down the river, to Bellefontaine, it is said he embraced the opportunity to rid liimself of her, and left her, never expecting to see her again, and little dreaming that she would have the courage to follow him. But, with her infant child, this in- trepid wife and mother started alone in her canoe, and, after many days of weary labor and a lonely Journey of nine hundred miles, she, at last, reached him. She afterward remarked, when speaking of this toilsome journey down the river in search of her husband, " When I got there I was all perished away — so thin ! " The doctor, touched by such unexampled devotion, took her to his heart, and ever after, until his death, treated her with marked respect. She always pre- sided at his table with grace and dignity, but never abandoned her native style of dress. In. 1819-20, he was stationed at Fort Edward, but the senseless ridicule of some of his brother officers on account of his Indian wife induced him to resign his commission. After building his cabin, as above stated, he leased his claim for a term of years to Otis Reynolds and John Culver, of St. Louis, and went to La Pointe, afterward Galena, where he practiced his profession for ten years, when he returned to Keokuk. His Indian wife bore to him four children — Louise (married at Keokuk, since dead), James, (drowned at Keokuk), Mary and Sophia. Dr. Muir died suddenly of cholera, in 1832, but left his property in such condition that it was soon wasted in vexatious litigation, and his brave and faithful wife, left friendless and penniless, became discouraged, and, with her children, disappeared, and, it is said, returned to her people on the Upper Missouri. Messrs. Reynolds & Culver, who had leased Dr. Muir's claim at Keokuk, subsequently employed as their agent Mr. Moses Stillwell, who arrived with his family in 1828, and took possession of Muir's cabin. His brothers-in-law, Amos and Valencourt Van Ansdal, came with him and settled near. His daughter, Margaret Stillwell (afterward Mrs. Ford) was born in 1831, at the foot of the rapids, called by the Indians Puch-a-she-tuck, where Keokuk now stands. She was probably the first white American child born in Iowa. In 1831, Mr. Johnson, Agent of the American Fur Company, who had a station at the foot of the rapids, removed to another location, and. Dr. Muir having returned from Galena, he and Isaac R. Campbell took the place and buildings vacated by the Company and carried on trade with the Indians and half-breeds. Campbell, who had first visited and traveled through the southern part of loAva, in 1821, was an enterprising settler, and besides trading with the natives carried on a farm and kept a tavern. Dr. Muir died of cholera in 1832. ; In 1830, James L. and Lucius H. Langworthy, brothers and natives of Vermont, visited the Territory for the purpose of working the lead mines at Du- buque. They had been engaged in lead mining at Galena, Illinois, the former from as early as 1824. The lead mines in the Dubuque region were an object of great interest to the miners about Galena, for they were known to be rich in lead ore. To explore these mines and to obtain permission to work them was therefore eminently desirable. In 1829, James L. Langworthy resolved to visit the Dubuque mines. Cross- ing the Mississippi at a point now known as Dunleith, in a canoe, and swim- ming his horse by his side, he landed on the spot now known as Jones Street Levee. Before him spread out a beautiful prairie, on which the city of Du- buque now stands. Two miles south, at the mouth of Catfish Creek, was a vil- lage of Sacs and Foxes. Thither Mr. Langworthy proceeded, and was well re- ceived by the natives. He endeavored to obtain permission from them to mine in their hills, but this they refused. He, however, succeeded in gaining the con- fidence of the chief to such an extent as to be allowed to travel in the interior for three weeks and explore the country. He employed two young Indians as guides, and traversed in different directions the whole region lying between the Maquoketa and Turkey Rivers. He returned to the village, secured the good will of the Indians, and, returning to Galena, formed plans for future opera- tions, to be executed as soon as circumstances would permit. 46 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. In 1830, with his brother, Lucius H., and others, having obtained the con- sent of the Indians, Mr. Langworthy crossed the Mississippi and commenced mining in the vicinity around Dubuque. At this time, the lands were not in the actual possession of the United States. Although they had been purchased from France, the Indian title had not been extinguished, and these adventurous persons were beyond the limits of any State or Territorial government. The first settlers were therefore obliged to be their own law-makers, and to agree to such regulations as the exigencies of the case demanded. The first act resembling civil legislation within the limits of the present State of Iowa was done by the miners at this point, in June, 1880. They met on the bank of the river, by the side of an old Cottonwood drift log, at what is now the Jones Street Levee, Dubuque, and elected a Committee, con- sisting of J. L. Langworthy, II. F. Lander, James McPhetres, Samuel Scales, and E. M. Wren. This may be called the first Legislature in Iowa, the mem- bers of which gathered around that old cottonwood log, and agreed to and re- ported the following, written by Mr. Langworthy, on a half-sheet of coarse, un- ruled paper, the old log being the writing desk : We, a Committee having been chosen to draft certain rules and regulations (laws) by which we as miners will be governecl, ami having duly considered the subject, do unanimously agree that we will be governed by the regulations on the east side of the Mississippi River,* with tlie following exceptions, to wit : Article I. That each and every man shall hold 200 yards square of ground by working said ground one day in six. Article IT. We further agree that there shall be chosen, by the majority of the miners present, a person who shall hold this article, and who shall grant letters of arbitration on appli- cation having been made, and that said letters of arbitration shall be obligatory on the parties so applying. The report was accepted by the miners present, who elected Dr. Jarote, in accordance with Article 2. Here, then, we have, in 1830, a primitive Legisla- ture elected by the people, the law drafted by it being submitted to the people for approval, and under it Dr. Jarote was elected first Governor within the limits of the present State of Iowa. And it is to be said that the laws thus enacted were as promptly obeyed, and the acts of the executive officer thus elected as duly respected, as any have been since. The miners who had thus erected an independent government of their own on the west side of the Mississippi River continued to work successfully for a long time, and the new settlement attracted considerable attention. But the west side of the Mississippi belonged to the Sac and Fox Indians, and the Gov- ernment, in order to preserve peace on the frontier, as well as to protect the Indians in their rights under the treaty, ordered the settlers not only to stop mining, but to remove from the Indian territory. They were simply intruders. The execution of this order Avas entrusted to Col. Zachary Taylor, then in com- mand of the military post at Prairie du Chien, who, early in July, sent an officer to the miners with orders to forbid settlement, and to command the miners to remove within ten days to the east side of the Mississippi, or they would be driven off by armed force. The miners, however, were reluctant about leaving the rich '•'leads" they had already discovered and opened, and Avere not dis- posed to obey the order to remove with any considerable degree of alacrity. In due time, Col. Taylor dispatched a detachment of troops to enforce his order. The miners, anticipating their arrival, had, excepting three, recrossed the river, and from the east bank saw the troops land on the western shore. The three who had lingered a little too long were, however, permitted to make their escape * Established by the Superintendent of U. S. Lead Mines at Fever River. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 47 unmolested. From this time, a military force was stationed at Dubuque to prevent the settlers from returning, until June, 1832. The Indians returned, and were encouaged to operate the rich mines opened by the late Avhite occupants. In June, 1832, the troops were ordered to the east side to assist in the annihilation of the very Indians whose rights they had been protecting on the west side. Immediately after the close of the Black Hawk war, and the negotia- tions of the treaty in September, 1832, by which the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States the tract known as the "Black Hawk Purchase," the set- tlers, supposing that now they had a right to re-enter the territory, returned and took possession of their claims, built cabins, erected furnaces and prepared large quantities of lead for market. Dubuque was becoming a noted place on the river, but the prospects of the hardy and enterprising settlers and miners were again ruthlessly interfered with by the Government, on the ground that the treaty with the Indians would not go into force until June 1, 1833, although they had withdrawn from the vicinity of the settlement. Col. Taylor was again ordered by the War Department to remove the miners, and in January, 1833, troops were again sent from Prairie du Chien to Dubuque for that purpose. This was a serious and perhaps unnecessary hardship imposed upon the settlers. They were compelled to abandon their cabins and homes in mid-winter. It must now be said, simply, that " red tape" should be respected. The purchase had been made, the treaty ratified, or was sure to be ; the Indians had retired, and, after the lapse of nearly fifty years, no very satisfactory reason for this rigorous action of the Government can be given. But the orders had been given, and there was no alternative but to obey. Many of the settlers recrossed the river, and did not return ; a few, however, removed to an island near the east bank of the river, built rude cabins of poles, in which to store their lead until Spring, when they could* float the fruits of their labor to St. Louis for sale, and where they could remain until the treaty went into force, when they could return. Among these were James L. Lang- worthy, and his brother Lucius, who had on hand about three hundred thousand pounds of lead. Lieut. Covington, who had been placed in command at Dubuque by Col. Taylor, ordered some of the cabins of the settlers to be torn down, and wagons and other property to be destroyed. This wanton and inexcusable action on the part of a subordinate clothed with a little brief authority was sternly rebuked by Col. Taylor, and Covington was superseded by Lieut. George Wil- son, who pursued a just and friendly course with the pioneers, who were only waiting for the time when they could repossess their claims. June 1, 1833, the treaty formally went into effect, the troops were withdrawn, and the Langworthy brothers and a few others at once returned and resumed possession of their home claims and mineral prospects, and from this time the first permanent settlement of this portion of Iowa must date. Mr. John P. Sheldon was appointed Superintendent of the mines by the Government, and a system of permits to miners and licenses to smelters was adopted, similar to that which had been in operation at Galena, since 1825, under Lieut. Martin Thomas and Capt. Thomas C. Legate. Substantially the primitive law enacted by the miners assembled around that old cottonwood drift log in 1830 was adopted and enforced by the United States Government, except that miners were required to sell their mineral to licensed smelters and the smelter was required to give bonds for the payment of six per cent, of all lead manufactured to the Government. This was the same rule adopted in the United States mines on Fever River in 48 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Illinois, except that, until 1830, the Illinois miners were compelled to pay 10 per cent. tax. This tax upon the miners created much dissatisfaction among the miners on the west side as it had on the east side of the Mississippi. They thought they had suffered hardships and privations enough in opening the way for civilization, without being subjected to the imposition of an odious Govern- ment tax upon their means of subsistence, when the Federal Government could better afford to aid than to extort from them. The measure soon became unpop- ular. It was difficult to collect the taxes, and the whole system Avas abolished in about ten years. During 1833, after the Indian title was fully extinguished, about five hun- dred people arrived at the mining district, about one hundred and fifty of them from Galena. In tlie same year, Mr. Langworthy assisted in building the first school house in Iowa, and thus was formed the nucleus of the now populous and thriving City of Dubuque. Mr. Langworthy lived to see the naked prairie on which he first landed become the site of a city of fifteen thousand inhabitants, the small school house which he aided in constructing replaced by three substantial edifices, wherein two thousand children were being trained, churches erected in every part of the city, and railroads connecting the wilderness which he first explored with all the eastern world. He died suddenly on the 13th of March, 1865, while on a trip over the Dubuque & Southwestern Railroad, at Monticello, and the evening train brought the news of his death and his remains. Lucius H. Langworthy, his brother, was one of the most worthy, gifted and influential of the old settlers of this section of Iowa. He died, greatly lamented by many friends, in June, 1865. The name Dubuque was given to the settlement by the miners at a meeting held in 1834. In 1832, Captain James White made a claim on the present site of Montrose. In 1834, a military post was established at this point, and a garrison of cavalry was stationed here, under the command of Col. Stephen W. Kearney. The soldiers were removed from this post to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1837. During the same year, 1832, soon after the close of the Black Hawk War, Zachariah Hawkins, Benjamin Jennings, Aaron White, Augustine Horton, Samuel Gooch, Daniel Thompson and Peter Williams made claims at Fort Madison. In 1833, these claims were purchased by John and Nathaniel Knapp, upon which, in 1835, they laid out the town. The next Summer, lots were sold. The town was subsequently re-surveyed and platted by the United States Government. At the close of the Black Hawk War, parties who had been impatiently looking across upon "Flint Hills," now Burlington, came over from Illinois and made claims. The first was Samuel S. White, in the Fall of 1832, who erected a cabin on the site of the city of Burlington. About the same time, David Tothero made a claim on the prairie about three miles back from the river, at a place since known as the farm of Judge Morgan. In the Winter of that year, they were driven off by the military from Rock Island, as intruders upon the rights of the Indians, and White's cabin was burnt by the soldiers. He retired to Illinois, where he spent the Winter, and in the Summer, as soon as the Indian title was extinguished, returned and rebuilt his cabin. White was joined by his brother-in-law, Doolittle, and they laid out the original town of Burlington in 1834. All along the river borders of the Black Hawk Purchase settlers were flocking into Iowa. Immediately after the treaty with the Sacs and Foxes, in Septem- HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. ^9 ber, 1832, Col. George Davenport made the first claim on the spot where the thriving city of Davenport now stands. As early as 1827, Col. Davenport had established a flatboat ferry, which ran between the island and the main shore of Iowa, by which he carried on a trade with the Indians west of the Mississippi. In 1833, Capt. Benjamin W. Clark moved across from Illinois, and laid the foundation of the town of Buffalo, in Scott County, which was the first actual settlement within the limits of that county. Among other early settlers in this part of the Territory were Adrian H. Davenport, Col. John Sullivan, Mulli- gan and Franklin Easly, Capt. John Coleman, J. M. Camp, William White, H. W. Higgins, Cornelius Harrold, Richard Harrison, E. H. Shepherd and Dr. E. S. Barrows. The first settlers of Davenport were Antoine LeClaire, Col. George Daven- port, Major Thomas Smith, Major William Gordon, Philip Hambough, Alexan- der W. McGregor, Levi S. Colton, Capt. James May and others. Of Antoine LeClaire, as the representative of the two races of men who at this time occu- pied Iowa, Hon. C. C. Nourse, in his admirable Centennial Address, says : " Antoine LeClaire was born at St. Joseph, Michigan, in 1797. His father was French, his mother a granddaughter of a Pottowatomie chief. In 1818, he acted as official interpreter to Col. Davenport, at Fort Armstrong (now Rock Island). He was well acquainted with a dozen Indian dialects, and was a man of strict integrity and great energy. In 1820, he married the granddaughter of a Sac chief. The Sac and Fox Indians reserved for him and his wife two sections of land in the treaty of 1833, one at the town of LeClaire and one at Davenport. The Pottawatomies, in the treaty at Prairie du Chien, also reserved for him two sections of land, at the present site of Moline, 111. He received the appointment of Postmaster and Justice of the Peace in the Black Hawk Purchase, at an early day. In 1833, he bought for $100 a claim on the Jand upon which the original town of Davenport was surveyed and platted in 1836. In 1836, LeClaire built the hotel, known since, with its valuable addi- tion, as the LeClaire House. He died September 25, 1861." In Clayton County, the first settlement was made in the Spring of 1832, on Turkey River, by Robert Hatfield and William W. Wayman. No further settlement was made in this part of the State till the beginning of 1836. In that portion now known as Muscatine County, settlements were made in 1834, by Benjamin Nye, John Vanater and G. W. Kasey, who were the first settlers. E. E. Fay, William St. John, N. Fullington, H. Reece, Jona Petti- bone, R. P. Lowe, Stephen Whicher, Abijah Whiting, J. E. Fletcher, W. D. Abernethy and Alexis Smith were early settlers of Muscatine. During the Summer of 1835, William Bennett and his family, from Galena, built the first cabin within the present limits of Delaware County, in some timber since known as Eads' Grove. The first post office in Iowa was established at Dubuque in 1833. Milo H. Prentice was appointed Postmaster. The first Justice of the Peace was Antoine Le Claire, appointed in 1833, as " a very suitable person to adjust the difficulties between the white settlers and the Indians still remaining there." The first Methodist Society in the Territory was formed at Dubuque on the 18th of May, 1834, and the first class meeting Avas held June 1st of that year. The first church bell brought into Iowa was in March, 1834. The first mass of the Roman Catholic Church in the Territory was celebrated at Dubuque, in the house of Patrick Quigley, in the Fall of 1833. 4 50 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. The first school house in the Territory was erected by the Dubuque miners in 1833. The first Sabbath school was organized at Dubuque early in the Summer of 1834. The first woman who came to this part of the Territory with a view to per- manent residence was Mrs. Noble F. Dean, in the Fall of 1832. The first family that lived in this part of Iowa was that of Hosea T. Camp, in 1832. The first meeting house was built by the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Dubuque, in 1834. The first newspaper in Iowa was the Dubuque Visitor, issued May 11th, 1836. John King, afterward Judge King, was editor, and William C. Jones, printer. The pioneers of Iowa, as a class, were brave, hardy, intelligent and enterprising people. As early as 1824, a French trader named Hart had established a trading post, and built a cabin on the bluffs above the large spring now known as "Mynster Spring," within the limits of the present city of Council Bluffs, and had probably been there some time, as the post was known to the employes of the American Fur Company as Lacote de Hart, or " Hart's Blufi"." In 1827, an agent of the American Fur Company, Francis Guittar, with others, encamped in the timber at the foot of the blufis, about on the present location of Broad- way, and afterward settled there. In 1839, a block house was built on the bluff in the east part of the city. The Pottawatomie Indians occupied this part of the State until 1846-7, when they relinquished the territory and removed to Kansas. Billy Caldwell was then principal chief. There were no white settlers in that part of the State except Indian traders, until the arrival of the Mormons under the lead of Brigham Young. These people on their way westward halted for the Winter of 1846-7 on the west bank of the Missouri River, about five miles above Omaha, at a place now called Florence. Some of them had reached the eastern bank of the river the Spring before, in season to plant a crop. In the Spring of 1847, Young and a portion of the colony pursued their journey to Salt Lake, but a large portion of them returned to the Iowa side and settled mainly within the limits of Pottawattamie County. The principal settle- ment of this strange community was at a place first called "Miller's Hollow," on Indian Creek, and afterward named Kanesville, in honor of Col. Kane, of Pennsylvania, who visited them soon afterward. The Mormon settlement extended over the county and into neighboring counties, wherever timber and water furnished desirable locations. Orson Hyde, priest, lawyer and editor, was installed as President of the Quorum of Twelve, and all that part of the State remained under Mormon control for several years. In 1846, they raised a bat- talion, numbering some five hundred men, for the Mexican war. In 1848, Hyde started a paper called the Frontier Guardian, at Kanesville. In 1849, after many of the faithful had left to join Brigham Young at Salt Lake, the Mormons in this section of Iowa numbered 6,552, and in 1850, 7,828, but they were not all within the limits of Pottawattamie County. This county was organized in 1848, all the first officials being Mormons. In 1852, the order was promulgated that all the true believers should gather together at Salt Lake. .Gentiles flocked in, and in a few years nearly all the first settlers were gone. May 9, 1843, Captain James Allen, with a small detachment of troops on board tlie steamer lone, arrived at the present site of the capital of the State, Des Moines. The lone was the first steamer to ascend the Des Moines River to this point. The troops and stores were landed at what is now the foot of HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 51 Court avenue, Des Moines, and Capt. Allen returned in the steamer to Fort Sanford to arrange for bringing up more soldiers and supplies. In due time they, too, arrived, and a fort was built near the mouth of Raccoon Fork, at its confluence with the Des Moines, and named Fort Des Moines. Soon after the arrival of the troops, a trading post was established on the east side of the river, by two noted Indian traders named Ewing, from Ohio. Among the first settlers in this part of Iowa were Benjamin Bryant, J. B. Scott, James Drake (gunsmith), John Sturtevant, Robert Kinzie, Alexander Turner, Peter Newcomer, and others. The Western States have been settled by many of the best and most enter- prising men of the older States, and a large immigration of the best blood of the Old World, who, removing to an arena of larger opportunities, in a more fertile soil and congenial climate, have developed a spirit and an energy peculiarly Western. In no country on the globe have enterprises of all kinds been pushed forward with such rapidity, or has there been such independence and freedom of competition. Among those who have pioneered the civiliza- tion of the West, and been the founders of great States, none have ranked higher in the scale of intelligence and moral worth than the pioneers of Iowa, who came to the territory when it was an Indian country, and through hardship, privation and suifering,«laid the foundations of the populous and prosperous commonwealth which to-day dispenses its blessings to a million and a quarter of people. From her first settlement and from her first organization as a terri- tory to the present day, Iowa has had able men to manage her affairs, wise statesmen to shape her destiny and frame her laws, and intelligent and impartial jurists to administer justice to her citizens ; her bar, pulpit and press have been able and widely influential ; and in all the professions, arts, enterprises and industries which go to make up a great and prosperous commonwealth, she has taken and holds a front rank among her sister States of the West. TERRITORIAL HISTORY. By act of Congress, approved October 31, 1803, the President of the United States was authorized to take possession of the territory included in the Louisiana purchase, and provide for a temporary government. By another act of the same session, approved March 26, 180-1, the newly acquired country was divided, October 1, 1804 into the Territory of Orleans, south of the thirty-third parallel of north latitude, and the district of Louisiana, which latter was placed under the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory. In 1805, the District of Louisiana was organized as a Territory with a go-i- ernment of its own. In 1807, Iowa w^as included in the Territory of Illinois, and in 1812 in the Territory of Missouri. When Missouri was admitted as a State, March 2, 1821, " Iowa," says Hon. C. C. Nourse, "was left a political orphan," until by act of Congress, approved June 28, 1834, the Black Hawk purchase having been made, all the territory west of the Mississippi and north of the northern boundary of Missouri, was made a part of Michigan Territory. Up to this time.there had been no county or other organization in what is now the State of Iowa, although one or two Justices of the Peace had been appointed and a post office was established at Dubuque in 1833. In September, 1834, however, the Territorial Legislature of Michigan created two counties on the west side of the Mississippi River, viz. : Dubuque and Des Moines, separated by a line drawn westward from the foot of Rock Island. These counties were 52 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. partially organized. John King was appointed Chief Justice of Dubuque County, and Isaac Leffler, of Burlington, of Des Moines County. Two Associate Justices, in each county, were appointed by the Governor. On the first Monday in October, 1835, Gen. George W. Jones, now a citi- zen of Dubuque, was elected a Delegate to Congress from this part of Michigan Territory. On the 20th of April, 1836, through the efforts of Gen. Jones, Congress passed a bill creating the Territory of Wisconsin, which went into operation, July 4, 1836, and Iowa was then included in THE TERRITORY OF WISCONSIN, of which Gen. Henry Dodge was appointed Governor; John S. Horner, Secre- tary of the Territory ; Charles Dunn, Chief Justice ; David Irwin and William C. Frazer, Associate Justices. September 9, 1836, Governor Dodge ordered the census of the new Territory to be taken. This census resulted in showing a population of 10,531 in the counties of Dubuque and Des Moines. Under the apportionment, these two counties were entitled to six members of the Council and thirteen of the House of Representatives. The Governor issued his proclamation for an election to be held on the first Monday of October, 1836, on which day the following members of the First Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin weue elected from the two counties in the Black Hawk purchase : Duhuque County. — Council: John Fally, Thomas McKnight, Thomas Mc- Craney. House : Loring Wheeler, Hardin Nowlan, Peter Hill Engle, Patrick Quigley, Hosea T. Camp. Des Moines County. — Council: Jeremiah Smith, Jr., Joseph B. Teas, Arthur B. Ingram. House: Isaac Lefiler, Thomas Blair, Warren L. Jenkins, John Box, George W. Teas, Eli Reynolds, David R. Chance. The first Legislature assembled at Belmont, in the present State of Wiscon- sin, on the 25th day of October, 1836, and was organized by electing Henry T. Baird President of the Council, and Peter Hill Engle, of Dubuque, Speaker of the House. It adjourned December 9, 1836. The second Legislature assembled at Burlington, November 10, 1837. Adjourned January 20, 1838. The third session was at Burlington; com- menced June 1st, and adjourned June 12, 1838, During the first session of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature, in 1836, the county of Des Moines was divided into Des Moines, Lee, Van Buren, Henry, Muscatine and Cook (the latter being subsequently changed to Scott) and defined their boundaries. During the second session, out of the territory embraced in Dubuque County, were created the counties of Dubuque, Clayton, Fayette, Delaware, Buchanan, Jackson, Jones, Linn, Clinton and Cedar, and their boun- daries defined, but the most of them were not organized until several years afterward, under the authority of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa. The question of a separate territorial organization for Iowa, which was then a part of Wisconsin Territory, began to be agitated early in the Autumn of 1837. The wishes of the people found expression in a convention held at Bur- lington on the 1st of November, which memorialized Congress to organize a Territory west of the Mississippi, and to settle the boundary line between Wis- consin Territory and Missouri. The Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin, then in session at Burlington, joined in the petition. Gen. George W. Jones, of Dubuque, then residing at Sinsinawa Mound, in what is now Wisconsin, was Delegate to Congress from Wisconsin Territory, and labored so earnestly and successfully, that " An act to divide the Territory of Wisconsin, and to estab- HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 53 lish the Territorial Government of Iowa," was approved June 12, 1838, to take eft'ect and be in force on and after July 3, 1838. The new Territory embraced "all that part of the present Territory of Wisconsin which lies west of the Mis- sissippi River, and west of a line drawn due north from the head water or sources of the Mississippi to the territorial line." The organic act provided for a Governor, whose term of office should be three years, and for a Secretary, Chief Justice, two Associate Justices, and Attorney and Marshal, who should serve four years, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The act also provided for the election, by the white male inhabitants, citizens of the United States, over twenty-one years of age, of a House of Representatives, consisting of twenty-six members, and a Council, to consist of thirteen members. It also appropriated $5,000 for a public library, and $20,000 for the erection of public buildings. President Van Buren appointed Ex-Governor Robert Lucas, of Ohio, to be the first Governor of the new Territory. William B. Conway, of Pittsburgh, was appointed Secretary of the Territory ; Charles Mason, of Burlington, Chief Justice, and Thomas S. Wilson, of Dubuque, and Joseph Williams, of Pennsylvania, Associate Judges of the Supreme and District Courts ; Mr. Van. Allen, of New York, Attorney; Francis Gehon, of Dubuque, Marshal; Au- gustus C. Dodge, Register of the Land Office at Burlington, and Thomas Mc- Knight, Receiver of the Land Office at Dubuque. Mr. Van Allen, the District Attorney, died at Rockingham, soon after his appointment, and Col. Charlea Weston was appointed to fill his vacancy. Mr. Conway, the Secretary, also died at Burlington, during the second session of the Legislature, and Jametj Clarke, editor of the Gazette, was appointed to succeed him. Immediately after his arrival. Governor Lucas issued a proclamation for the election of members of the first Territorial Legislature, to be held on the lOtb of September, dividing the Territory into election districts for that purpose, and appointing the 12th day of November for meeting of the Legislature to be elected, at Burlington. The first Territorial Legislature was elected in September and assembled at Burlington on the 12th of November, and consisted of the following members ; Council. — Jesse B. Bro^n, J. Keith, E. A. M. Swazey, Arthur Ingram, Robert Ralston, George Hepner, Jesse J. Payne, D. B. Hughes, James M. Clark, Charles Whittlesey, Jonathan W. Parker, Warner Lewis, Stephen Hempstead. House. — William Patterson, Hawkins Taylor, Calvin J. Price, James Brierly, James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Samuel Parker, James W. Grimes, George Temple, Van B. Delashmutt, Thomas Blair, George H. Beeler,* William G. Coop, William H. Wallace, Asbury B. Porter, John Frierson, William L. Toole, Levi Thornton, S. C. Hastings, Robert G. Roberts, Laurel Summers, t Jabez A. Burchard, Jr., Chauncey Swan, Andrew Bankson, Thomas Cox and Hardin Nowlin. Notwithstanding a large majority of the members of both branches of the Legislature were Democrats, yet Gen. Jesse B. Browne (Whig), of Lee County, was elected President of the Council, and Hon. William H. Wallace (Whig), of Henry County, Speaker of the House of Representatives — the former unani- mously and the latter with but little opposition. At that time, national politics * Cyras S. Jacobs, who was elected for Des Moines County, was killed in an unfortunate encounter at Burlington before the meeting of the Legislature, and Mr. Beeler was elected to fill the vacancy. f Samuel K. Murray was returned aa elected from Clinton County, but his ee&t was successfully contested by Burchard. .54 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. ■were little heeded by the people of the new Territory, but in 1840, during the Presidential campaign, party lines were strongly drawn. At the election in September, 1838, for members of the Legislature, a Con- gressional Delegate was also elected. There were four candidates, viz. : William W. Chapman and David Rohrer, of Des Moines County ; B. F. Wallace, of Henry County, and P. H. Engle, of Dubuque County. Chapman was elected, receiving a majority of thirty-six over Engle. The first session of the Iowa Territorial Legislature was a stormy and excit- ing one. By the organic law, the Governor was clothed with almost unlimited veto power. Governor Lucas seemed disposed to make free use of it, and the independent Hawkeyes could not quietly submit to arbitrary and absolute rule, and the result was an unpleasant controversy between the Executive and Legis- lative departments. Congress, however, by act approved March 3, 1889, amended the organic law by restricting the veto power of the Governor to the two-thirds rule, and took from him the power to appoint Sherifla and Magistrates. Among the first important matters demanding attention was the location of the seat of government and provision for the erection of public buildings, for which Congress had appropriated $20,000. Governor Lucas, in his message, had recommended the appointment of Commissioners, with a view to making a central location. The extent of the future State of Iowa was not known or thought of. Only on a strip of land fifty miles wide, bordering on the Missis- sippi River, was the Indian title extinguished, and a central location meant some central point in the Black Hawk Purchase. The friends of a central location supported the Governor's suggestion. The southern members were divided between Burlington and Mount Pleasant, but finally united on the latter as the proper location for the seat of government. The central and southern parties were very nearly equal, and, in consequence, much excitement prevailed. The central party at last triumphed, and on the 21st day of January, 1839, an act was passed, appointing Chauncey Swan, of Dubuque County ; John Ronalds, of Louisa County, and Robert Ralston, of Des Moines County, Commissioners, to select a site for a permanent seat of Government within the limits of John- son County. Johnson County had been created by act of the Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin, approved December 21, 1837, and organized by act passed at the special session at Burlington in June, 1838, the organization to date from July 4th, following. Napoleon, on the Iowa River, a few miles below the future Iowa City, was designated as the county seat, temporarily. Then there existed good reason for locating the capital in the county. The Territory of Iowa was bounded on the north by the British Possessions ; east, by the. Mississippi River to its source; thence by a line drawn due north to the northern boundary of the United States; south, by the State of Missouri, and west, by the Missouri and White Earth Rivers. But this immense territory was in un- disputed possession of the Indians, except a strip on the Mississippi, known as the Black Hawk Purchase. Johnson County was, from north to south, in the geographical center of this purchase, and as near the east and west geographical center of the future State of Iowa as could then be made, as the boundary line between the lands of the United States and the Indians, established by the treaty of October 21, 1837, was immediately west of the county limits. Tlie Commissioners, after selecting the site, were directed to lay out 640 acres into a town, to be called Iowa City, and to proceed to sell lots and erect public buildings thereon, Congress having granted a section of land to be selected by the Territory for this purpose. The Commissioners met at Napo- HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. ^55 leon, Johnson County, May 1, 1839, selected for a site Section 10, in Town- ship 79 North of Range 6 West of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and immedi- ately surveyed it and laid off the town. The first sale of lots took place August 16, 1839. The site selected for the public buildings was a little west of the geographical center of the section, where a square of ten acres on the elevated grounds overlooking the river was reserved for the purpose. The capitol is located in the center of this square. The second Territorial Legislature, which assembled in November, 1839, passed an act requiring the Commissioners to adopt such plan for the building that the aggregate cost when complete should not exceed $51,000, and if they had already adopted a plan involving a greater expenditure they were directed to abandon it. Plans for the building were designed and drawn by Mr. John F. Rague, of Springfield, 111., and on the 4th day of July, 1840, the corner stone of the edifice was laid with appropriate ceremonies. Samuel C. Trowbridge was Marshal of the day, and Gov. Lucas delivered the address on that occasion. When the Legislature assembled at Burlington in special session, July 13, 1840, Gov. Lucas announced that on the 4th of that month he had visited Iowa City, and found the basement of the capitol nearly completed. A bill author- izing a loan of $20,000 for the building was passed, January 15, 1841, the unsold lots of Iowa City being the security ofi"ered, but only $5,500 was obtained under the act. THE BOUNDARY QUESTION. The boundary line between the Territory of Iowa and the State of Missouri was adifiicult question to settle in 1838, in consequence of claims arising from taxes and titles, and at one time civil war was imminent. In defining the boundaries of the counties bordering on Missouri, the Iowa authorities had fixed a line that has since been established as the boundary between Iowa and Mis- souri. The Constitution of Missouri defined her northern boundary to be the parallel of latitude which passes through the rapids of the Des Moines River. The lower rapids of the Mississippi immediately above the mouth of the Des Moines River had always been known as the Des Moines Rapids, or "the rapids of the Des Moines River." The Missourians (evidently not well versed in history or geography) insisted on running the northern boundary line from the rapids in the Des Moines River, just below Keosauqua, thus taking from Iowa a strip of territory eight or ten miles wide. Assuming this as her northern boundary line, Missouri attempted to exercise jurisdiction over the disputed territory by assessing taxes, and sending her Sheriffs to collect them by distraining the personal property of the settlers. The lowans, however, were not disposed to submit, and the Missouri officials were arrested by the Sheriffs of Davis and Van Buren Counties and confined in jail. Gov. Boggs, of Missouri, called out his militia to enforce the claim and sustain the officers of Missouri. Gov. Lucas called out the militia of Iowa, and both parties made active preparations for war. In Iowa, about 1,200 men were enlisted, and 500 were actually armed and encamped in Van Buren County, ready to defend the integrity of the Territory. Subsequently, Gen. A. C. Dodge, of Burlington, Gen. Churchman, gf Dubuque, and Dr. Clark, of Fort Madison, were sent to Missouri as envoys plenipotentiary, to effect, if possible, a peaceable adjustment of the difficulty. Upon their arrival, they found that the County Commissioners of Clarke County, Missouri, had rescinded their order for the collection of the taxes, and that Gov. Boggs had despatched messengers to the Governor of Iowa proposing J6 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. to submit an agreed case to the Supreme Court of the United States. for the final settlement of the boundary question. This proposition was declined, but afterward Congress authorized a suit to settle the controversy, which was insti- tuted, and which resulted in a judgment for Iowa. Under this decision, William G. Miner, of Missouri, and Henry B. Hendershott were appointed Commissioners to survey and establish the boundary. Mr. Nourse remarks that " the expenses of the war on the part of Iowa were never paid, either by the United States or the Territorial Government. The patriots who furnished supplies to the troops had to bear the cost and charges of the struggle." The first legislative assembly laid the broad foundation of civil equality, on which has been constructed one of the most liberal governments in the Union. Its first act was to recognize the equality of woman with man before the law by providing that " no action commenced by a single woman, who intermarries during the pendency thereof, shall abate on account of such marriage." This prin- ciple has been adopted by all subsequent legislation in Iowa, and to-day woman has full and equal civil rights with man, except only the right of the ballot. Religious toleration was also secured to all, personal liberty strictly guarded, the rights and privileges of citizenship extended to all white persons, and the purity of elections secured by heavy penalties against bribery and corruption. The judiciary power was vested in a Supreme Court, District Court, Probate Court, and Justices of the Peace. Real estate was made divisible by will, and intestate property divided equitably among heirs. Murder was made punishable by death, and proportionate penalties fixed for lesser crimes. A system of free schools, open for every class of white citizens, was established. Provision was made for a system of roads and highways. Thus under the territorial organi- zation, the country began to emerge from a savage wilderness, and take on the forms of civil government. By act of Congress of June 12, 1838, the lands which had been purchased of the Indians were brought into market, and land offices opened in Dubuque and Burlington. Congress provided for military roads and bridges, which greatly aided the settlers, who were now coming in by thousands, to make their homes on the fertile prairies of Iowa--" the Beautiful Land." The fame of the country had spread far and wide ; even before the Indian title was extinguished, many were crowding the borders, impatient to cross over and stake out their claims on the choicest spots they could find in the new Territory. As soon as the country Avas open for settlement, the borders, the Black Hawk Purchase, all along the Mississipi, and up the principal rivers and streams, and out over the broad and rolling prairies, began to be thronged with eager land hunters and immigrants, seeking homes in Iowa. It was a sight to delight the eyes of all comers from every land — its noble streams, beautiful and picturesque hills and valleys, broad and fertile prairies extending as far as the eye could reach, with a soil surpassing in richness anything which they had ever seen. It is not to be Avondcred at that immigration into Iowa was rapid, and that within less than a decade from the organization of the Territory, it contained a hundred and fifty thousand people. As rapidly as the Indian titles were extinguished and the original owners removed, the resistless tide of emigration flowed westward. The following extract from Judge Nourse's Centennial Address shows how the immigrants gathered on the Indian boundary, ready for the removal of the barrier : In obedience to our progressive and aggressive spirit, the Government of the United States made another treaty with the Sac and Fox Indians, on the 11th day of August, 1842, for the remaining portion of their ;and in Iowa. The treaty provided tnat the Indians should retain HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 57 possession of all the lands thus ceded until May 1, 1843, and should occupy that portion of the ceded territory west of a line running; north and south through Redrock, until October 11, 1845. These tribes, at this time, had their principal village at Ot-tum-wa-no, now called Ottumwa. As soon as it became known that the treaty had been concluded, there was a rush of immigration to Iowa, and a great number of temporary settlements were made near tlie Indian boundary, wait- ing for the 1st day of May. As the day approached, hundreds of families encamped along the line, and their tents and wagons gave the scene the appearance of a military expedition. The country beyond had been thoroughly explored, but the United States military authorities had prevented any settlement or ev.en the making out of claims by any monuments whatever. To aid them in making out their claims when the hour should arrive, the settlers had placed piles of dry wood on the rising ground, at convenient distances, and a short time before twelve o'clock of the night of the oOth of April, these v/ere lighted, and when the midnight hour arrived, it was announced by the discharge of firearms. The night was dark, but this army of occupa- tion pressed forward, torch in hand, with axe and hatchet, blazing lines with all manner of curves and angles. When daylight came and revealed the confusion of these "wonderful surveys, numerous disputes arose, settled generally by compromise, but sometimes by violence. Between midnight of the 30th of April and sundown of the 1st of May, over one thousand families had settled on their new purchase. While this scene was transpiring, the retreating Indians were enacting one more impressive and melancholy. The Winter of 1842-48 was one of unusual severity, and the Indian prophet, who had disapproved of the treaty, attributed the severity of the Winter to the anger of the Great Spirit, because they had sold their country. Many religious rites were performed to atone for the crime. When the time for leaving Ot-tum-wa-no arrived, a solemn silence pervaded the Indian camp, and the faces of their stoutest men were bathed in tears ; and when their cavalcade was put in motion, toward the setting sun, there was a spontaneous outburst of frantic grief from the entire procession. ^ The Indians remained the appointed time beyond the line running north and south through Redrock. The government established a trading post and military encampment at the Raccoon Fork of the Des Moines Paver, then and for many years known as Fort Des Moines. Here the red man lingered until the 11th of October, 1845, when the same scene that we have before described was re-enacted, and the wave of immigration swept over the remainder of the " New Purchase." The lands thus occupied and claimed by the settlers still belonged in fee to the Gen- eral Government. The surveys were not completed until some time after the Indian title was extinguished. After their survey, the lands were publicly proclaimed or advertised for sale at public auction. Under the laws of the United States, a pre-emption or exclusive right to purchase public lands could net be acquired until after the lands had thus been publicly offered and not sold for want of bidders. Then, and not until then, an occupant making improvements in good faith might acquire a right over others to enter the land at the minimum price of $1.25 per acre. The " claim laws " were unknown to the United States statutes. They originated in the " eternal fitness of things," and were enforced, probably, as belonging to that class of natural rights not enumerated in the constitution, and not impaired or disparaged by its enumeration. The settlers organized in every settlement prior to the public land sales, appointed officers, and adopted their own rules and regulations. Each man's claim was duly ascertained and recorded by the Secretary. It was the duty of all to attend the sales. The Secretary bid off the lands of each settler at $1.25 per acre. The others were there, to see, first, that he did his duty and bid in the land, and, secondly, to see that no one else bid. This, of course, sometimes led to trouble, but it saved the excitement of competition, and gave a formality and degree of order and regularity to the proceedings they would not otherwise have attained. As far as practicable, the Territorial Legislature recognized the validity of these " claims " upon the public lands, and in 1839 passed an act legalizing their sale and making their transfer a valid consideration to sup- port a promise to pay for the same. (Acts of 1843, p. 456). The Supreme Territorial Court held this law to be valid. (See Hill v. Smith, 1st Morris Rep. 70). The opinion not only con- tains a decision of the question involved, but also contains much valuable erudition upon that " spirit of Anglo-Saxon liberty" which the Iowa settlers unquestionably inherited in a direct line of descent from the said " Anglo-Saxons." But the early settler was not always able to pay even this dollar and twenty-five cents per acre for his land. Many of the settlers had nothing to begin with, save their hands, health and courage and their family jewels, "the pledges of love," and the " consumers of bread," It was not so easy to accumulate money in the early days of the State, and the "beautiful prairies," the "noble streams," and all that sort of poetic imagery, did not prevent the early settlers from becoming discouraged. An old settler, in speaking of the privations and trials of those early days, says: Well do the "old settlers '' of Iowa remember the days from the first settlement to 1840, Those were days of sadness and distress. The endearments of home in another land had beea 58 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA, broken up ; and all that was hallowed on earth, the home of childhood and the scenes of youth, we severed ; and we sat down by the gentle waters of our noble river, and often " hung our harps on the willows." Another, from another part of the State, testifies : There was no such thing as getting money for any kind of labor. I laid brick at $3.00 per thousand, and took m.y pay in anything I could eat or wear. I built the first Methodist Church at Keokuk, 42x60 feet, of brick, for $600, and took my pay in a subscription paper, part of which I never collected, and upon which I only received $50 00 in money. AVheat was hauled 100 miles from the interior, and sold for STj cents per bushel. Another old settler, speaking of a later period, 1843, says : Land and everything had gone down in value to almost nominal prices. Corn and oats could be bought for six or ten cents a bushel ; pork, $1.00 per hundred ; and the best horse a man could raise sold for $50.00, Nearly all were in debt, and the Sheriff and Constable, with legal processes, were common visitors at almost every man's door. These were indeed " the times that tried men's souls." "A few," says Mr. Nourse, "who were not equal to the trial, returned to their old homes, but sucli as had the courage and faith to be the worthy founders of a great State remained, to more than realize the fruitioii of their hopes, and the reward of their self-denial." On Monday, December 6, 1841, the fourth Legislative Assembly met, at the new capital, Iowa City, but the capitol building could not be used, and the Legislature occupied a temporary frame house, that had been erected for that purpose, during the session of 1841-2. At this session, the Superintendent of Public Buildings (who, with the Territorial Agent, had superseded the Commis- sioners first appointed), estimated the expense of completing the building at $33,330, and that rooms for the use of the Legislature could be completed for $15,600. During 1842, the Superintendent commenced obtaining stone from a new quarry, about ten miles northeast of the city. This is now known as the '' Old Capitol Quarry," and contains, it is thought, an immense quantity of excellent building stone. Here all the stone for completing the building was obtained, and it was so far completed, that on the 5th day of December, 1842, the Legis- lature assembled in the new capitol. At this session, the Superintendent esti- mated that it would cost $39,143 to finish the building. This was nearly $6,000 higher than the estimate of the previous year, notwithstanding a large sum had been expended in the meantime. This rather discouraging discrep- ancy was accounted for by the fact that the officers in charge of the work were constantly short of funds. Except the congressional appropriation of $20,000 and the loan of $5,500, obtained from the Miners' Bank, of Dubuque, all the funds for the prosecution of the work were derived from the sale of the city lots (which did not sell very rapidly), from certificates of indebtedness., and from scrip, based upon unsold lots, which was to be received in payment for such lots when they were sold. At one time, the Superintendent made a requisition for bills of iron and glass, which could not be obtained nearer than St. Louis. To meet this, the Agent sold some lots for a draft, payj^ble at Pittsburgh, Pa., for which he was compelled to pay twenty-five per cent, exchange. This draft, amounting to $507, that officer reported to be more than one-half the cash actually handled by him during the entire season, when the disbursements amounted to very nearly $24,000. With such uncertainty, it could not be expected that estimates could be very accurate. With all these disadvantages, however, tlie work appears to have been prudently prosecuted, and as rapidly as circumstances would permit. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. •'59 Iowa remained a Territory from 1838 to 1846, during which the oflBce of Governor was held by Robert Lucas, John Chambers and James Clarke. STATE ORGANIZATION. By an act of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa, approved February 12, 1844, the question of the formation of a State Constitution and providing for the election of Delegates to a convention to be convened for that purpose was submitted to the people, to be voted upon at their township elections in April following. The vote was largely in favor of the measure, and the Delegates elected assembled in convention at Iowa City, on the 7th of October, 1844. On the first day of November following, the convention completed its work and adopted the first State Constitution. The President of the convention, Hon. Shepherd Lefiler, was instructed to transmit a certified copy of this Constitution to the Delegate in Congress, to be by him submitted to that body at the earliest practicable day. It was also pro- vided that it should be submitted, together with any conditions or changes that might be made by Congress, to the people of the Territory, for their approval or rejection, at the township election in April, 1845. The boundaries of the State, as defined by this Constitution, were as fol- lows : Beginning in the middle of the channel of the Mississippi River, opposite mouth of the Des Moines River, thence up the said river Des Moines, in the middle of the main channel thereof, to a point where it is intersected by the Old Indian Boundary line, or line run by John C. Sullivan, in the year 1816 ; thence westwardly along said line to the " old " northwest corner of Missouri ; thence due west to the middle of the main channel of the Missouri River ; thence up in the middle of the main channel of the river last mentioned to the mouth of the Sioux or Calumet River ; thence in a direct line to the middle of the main channel of the St. Peters River, where the Watonwan River — according to Nicollet's map — enters the same ; thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi River ; thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to the place of beginning. These boundaries were rejected by Congress, but by act approved March 3, 1845, a State called Iowa was admitted into the Union, provided the people accepted the act, bounded as follows :• Beginning at the mouth of the Des Moines River, at the middle of the Mississippi, thence by the middle of the channel of that river to a parallel of latitude passing through the mouth of the Mankato or Blue Earth River; thence west, along said parallel of latitude, to a point where it is intersected by a meridian line Seventeen degrees and thirty minutes west of the meridian of Washington City ; thence due south, to the northern boundary line of the State of Missouri; thence eastwardly, following that boundary to the point at which the same intersects the Des Moines River ; thence by the middle of the channel of that river to the place of beginning. These boundaries, had they been accepted, would have placed the northern boundary of the State about thirty miles north of its present location, and would have deprived it of the Missouri slope and the boundary of that river. The western boundary would have been near the west line of what is now Kossuth County. But it was not so to be. In consequence of this radical and unwel- come change in the boundaries, the people refused to accept the act of Congress and rejected the Constitution at the election, held August 4, 1845, by a vote of 7,656 to 7,235. A second Constitutional Convention assembled at Iowa City on the 4th day of May, 1846, and on the 18th of the same month another Constitution for the new State with the present boundaries, was adopted and submitted to the people for ratification on the 3d day of August following, Avhen it was accepted ; 9,492 votes were cast "for the Constitution," and 9,036 "against the Constitution." 60 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. The Constitution was approved by Congress, and by act of Congress approved December 28, 1846, Iowa was admitted as a sovereign State in the American Union. Prior to this action of Congress, however, the people of the new State held an election under the new Constitution on the 26th day of October, and elected Orescl Briggs, Governor ; Elisha Cutler, Jr., Secretary of State ; Joseph T. Tales, Auditor ; Morgan Reno, Treasurer ; and members of the Senate and House of Representatives. At this time there were twenty-seven organized counties in the State, with a populrtiion of nearly 100,000, and the frontier settlements were rapidly push- ing toward the Missouri River. The Mormons had already reached there. Tlie first General Assembly of the State of Iowa was composed of nineteen Senators and forty Representatives. It assembled at Iowa City, November 30, 1846, about a month before the State was admitted into the Union. At the first session of the State Legislature, the Treasurer of State reported that the capitol building was in a very exposed condition, liable to injury from storms, and expressed the hope that some provision would be made to complete it, at least sufficiently to protect it from the weather. The General Assembly responded by appropriating ^2,500 for the completion of the public buildings. At the first session also arose the question of the re-location of the capital. The western boundary of the State, as now determined, left Iowa City too far toward the eastern and southern boundary of the State ; this was conceded. Congress had appropriated five sections of land for the erection of public buildings, and toward the close of the session a bill was introduced providing for the re-location of the seat of government, involving to some extent the location of the State University, which had already been discussed. This bill gave rise to a deal of discussion and parliamentary maneuvering, almost purely sectional in its character. It provided for the appointment of three Commissioners, who were authorized to make a location as near the geographical center of the State as a healthy and eligible site could be obtained ; to select the five sections of land donated by Congress ; to survey and plat into town lots not exceeding one section of the land so selected ; to sell lots at public sale, not to exceed two in each block. Having done this, they were then required to suspend further operations, and make a report of their proceedings to the Governor. The bill passed both Houses by decisive votes, received the signature of the Governor, and became a law. Soon after, by " An act to locate and establish a State University," approved February 25, 1847, the unfinished public buildings at Iowa City, together with the ten acres of land on which they were situated, were granted for the use of the University, reserving their use, however, by the General Assembly and the State officers, until other provisions were made by law. The Commissioners forthwith entered upon their duties, and selected four sections and two half sections in Jasper County. Two of these sections are in what is now Des Moines Township, and the others in Fairview Township, in the southern part of that county. These lands are situated between Prairie City and Monroe, on the Keokuk & Des Moines Railroad, which runs diagonally through them. Here a town was platted, called Monroe City, and a sale of lots took place. Four hundred and fifteen lots were sold, at prices that were not considered remarkably remunerative. The cash payments (one-fourth) amounted to $1,797.43, while the expenses of the sale and the claims of the Commissioners for services amounted to $2,206.57. The Commissioners made a report of their proceedings to the Governor, as required by law, but the loca- tion was generally condemned. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 61 When the report of the Commissioners, showing this brilliant financial ope- ration, had been read in the House of Representatives, at the next session, and while it was under consideration, an indignant member, afterward known as the eccentric Judge McFarland, moved to refer the report to a select Committee of Five, Avith instructions to report " how much of said city of Monroe was under water and how much was burned." The report was referred, without the instructions, however, but Monroe City never became the seat of government. By an act approved January 15, 1849, the law by which the location had been made was repealed and the new town was vacated, the money paid by purchas- ers of lots being refunded to them. This, of course, retained the seat of govern- ment at Iowa City, and precluded, for the time, the occupation of the building and grounds by the University. At the same session, $3,000 more were appropriated for completing the State building at Iowa City. In 1852, the further sum of $5,000, and in 1854 $4,000 more were apppropriated for the same purpose, making the whole cost $123,000, paid partly by the General Government and partly by the State, but principally from the proceeds of the sale of lots in Iowa City. But the question of the permanent location of the seat of government was not settled, and in 1851 bills were introduced for the removal of the capital to Pella and to Fort Des Moines. The latter appeared to have the support of the majority, but was finally lost in the House on the question of ordering it to its third reading. At the next session, in 1853, a bill was introduced in the Senate for the removal of the seat of government to Fort Des Moines, and, on final vote, was just barely defeated. At the next session, however, the effort was more successful, and on the 15th day of January, 1855, a bill re-locating the capital within two miles of the Raccoon Fork of the Des Moines, and for the appoint- ment of Commissioners, was approved by Gov. Grimes. The site was selected in 1856, in accordance with the provisions of this act, the land being donated to the State by citizens and property -holders of Des Moines. An association of citizens erected a building for a temporary capitol, and leased it to the State at a nominal rent. The third Constitutional Convention to revise the Constitution of the State assembled at Iowa City, January 19, 1857. The new Constitution framed by this convention was submitted to the people at an election held August 3, 1857, when it was approved and adopted by a vote of 40,311 " for " to 38,681 " against," and on the 3d day of September following was declared by a procla- mation of the Governor to be the supreme law of the State of Iowa. Advised of the completion of the temporary State House at Des Moines, on the 19th of October following. Governor Grimes issued another proclamation, declaring the City of Des Moines to be the capital of the State of Iowa. The removal of the archives and offices was commenced at once and con- tinued through the Fall. It was an undertaking of no small magnitude; there was not a mile of railroad to facilitate the work, and the season was unusually disagreeable. Rain, snow and other accompaniments increased the difficulties ; and it was not until December, that the last of the effects — the safe of the State Treasurer, loaded on two large " bob-sleds " — drawn by ten yoke of oxen was de- posited in the new capital. It is not imprudent now to remark that, during this passage over hills and prairies, across rivers, through bottom lands and timber, the safes belonging to the several departments contained large sums of money, mostly individual funds, however. Thus, Iowa City ceased to be the capital of the State, after four Territorial Legislatures, six State Legislatures and three 62 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Constitutional Conventions had held their sessions there. By the excliange, the old capitol at Iowa City became the seat of the University, and, except the rooms occupied by the United States District Court, passed under the immedi- ate and direct control of the Trustees of that institution. Des Moines was now the permanent seat of government, made so by the fundamental law of the State, and on the 11th day of January, 1858, the seventh General Assembly convened at the new capital. The building used for governmental purposes was purchased in 1864. It soon became inadequate for the purposes for which it was designed, and it became apparent that a new, lar^e and permanent State House must be erected. In 1870, the General Assembly made an appropriation and provided for the appointment of a Board of Commissioners to commence the work. The board consisted of Gov. Samuel Merrill, ex officio, President ; Grenville M. Dodge, Council Bluffs ; James F. Wilson, Fairfield; James Dawson, Washington; Simon G. Stein, Muscatine ; James 0. Crosby, Gainsville ; Charles Dudley, Agency City ; John N. Dewey, Des Moines ; William L. Joy, Sioux City ; Alexander R. Fulton, Des Moines, Secretary. The act of 1870 provided that the building should be constructed of the best material and should be fire proof; to be heated and ventilated in the most approved manner; should contain suitable legislative halls, rooms for State officers, the judiciary, library, committees, archives and the collections of the State Agricultural Society, and for all purpoees of State Government, and should be erected on grounds held by the State for that purpose. The sura first appropriated was ^150,000 ; and the law provided that no contract should be made, either for constructing or furnishing the building, which should bind the State for larger sums than those at the time appropriated. A design was drawn and plans and specifications furnished by Cochrane & Piquenard, architects, which were accepted by the board, and on the 23d of November, 1871, the cor- ner stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies. The estimated cost and present value of the capitol is fixed at $2,000,000. From 1858 to 1800, the Sioux became troublesome in the northwestern part of the State. These warlike Indians made frequent plundering raids upon the settlers, and murdered several families. In 1861, several companies of militia were ordered to that portion of the State to hunt down and punish the murderous thieves. No battles were fought, however, for the Indians fled when they ascertained that systematic and adequate measures had been adopted to protect the settlers. " The year 1856 marked a new era in the history of Iowa. In 1854, the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad had been completed to the east bank of the Mississippi River, opposite Davenport. In 1854, the corner stone of a railroad bridge, that was to be the first to span the "Father of Waters," was laid with appropriate ceremonies at this point. St. Louis had resolved that the enter- prise was unconstitutional, and by writs of injunction made an unsuccessful effort to prevent its completion. Twenty years later in her history, St. Louis repented her folly, and made atonement for her sin by imitating our example. On the 1st day of January, 1856, this railroad was completed to Iowa City. In the meantime, two other railroads had reached the east bank of the Missis- sippi — one opposite Burlington, and one opposite Dubuque — and these were being extended into the interior of the State. Indeed, four lines of railroad had been projected across the State from the Mississippi to the Missouri, hav- ing eastern connections. On the 15th of May, 1856, the Congress of the United States passed an act granting to the State, to aid in the construction of HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 63 railroads, the public lands in alternate sections, six miles on either side of the proposed lines. An extra session of the General Assembly was called in July of this year, that disposed of the grant to the several companies that proposed to complete these enterprises. The population of our State at this time had increased to 500,000. Public attention had been called to the necessity of a railroad across the continent. The position of Iowa, in the very heart and center of the Republic, on the route of this great highway across the continent, began to attract attention. Cities and towns sprang up through the State as if by magic. Capital began to pour into the State, and had it been employed in developing our vast coal measures and establishing manufactories among us, or if it had been expended in improving our lands, and building houses and barns, it would have been well. But all were in haste to get rich, and the spirit of speculation ruled the hour. " In the meantime, every eifort was made to help the speedy completion of the railroads. Nearly every county and city on the Mississippi, and many in the interior, voted large corporate subscriptions to the stock of the railroad companies, and issued their negotiable bonds for the amount." Thus enormous county and city debts were incurred, the payment of which these municipalities tried to avoid upon the plea that they had exceeded the constitutional limit- ation of their powers. The Supreme Court of the United States held these bonds to be valid ; and the courts by mandamus compelled the city and county authorities to levy taxes to pay the judgments. These debts are not all paid even yet, but the worst is over and ultimately the burden will be entirely removed. The first railroad across the State was completed to Council Blufis in Jan- uary, 1871. The others were completed soon after. In 1854, there was not a mile of railroad in the State. In 1874, twenty years after, there were 3,765 miles in successful operation. GROWTH AND PROGRESS. When Wisconsin Territory was organized, in 1836, the entire population of that portion of the Territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was 10,531, The Territory then embraced two counties, Dubuque and Des Moines, erected by the Territory of Michigan, in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, the Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin increased the number of counties to sixteen, and the population had increased to 22,859. Since then, the counties have increased to ninety-nine, and the population, in 1880, was 1,624,463. The following table will show the population at different periods since the erection of Iowa Territory : Tear. Population. Year. Population. 1838 22,589 1852 230,713 1840 43,115 1854 326,013 1856 519.055 1859 638,775 1860 674,913 1863 701,732 1865 754,699 1867 902,040 The most populous county in the State is Dubuque. Not only in popula,- tion, but in everything contributing to the growth and greatness of a State has Iowa made rapid progress. In a little more than thirty years, its wild but beautiful prairies have advanced from the home of the savage to a highly civ- ilized commonwealth, embracing all the elements of progress which characterize the older States. 1844 75,152 1846 97,588 1847 116,651 1849 152,988 1850 191,982 1851 204,774 Year. Population. 1869 1,040,819 1870 1,191,727 1873 1,251,333 1875 1,366,000 1880 1,624,463 64 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA Thriving cities and towns dot its fair surface; an iron net-work of thou- sands of miles of railroads is woven over its broad acres ; ten thousand school houses, in which more than five hundred thousand children are being taught the rudiments of education, testify to the culture and liberality of the j3eople; high schools, colleges and universities are generously endowed by the State ; manufactories spring up on all her water courses, and in most of her cities and towns. Whether measured from the date of her first settlement, her organization as a Territory or admission as a State, Iowa has thus far shown a growth unsur- passed, in a similar period, by any commonwealth on the face of the earth ; and, with her vast extent of fertile soil, with her inexhaustible treasures of mineral wealth, with a healthful, invigorating climate ; an intelligent, liberty- loving people; with equal, just and liberal laws, and her free schools, the future of Iowa may be expected to surpass the most hopeful anticipations of her present citizens. Looking upon Iowa as she is to-day — populous, prosperous and happy — it is hard to realize the wonderful changes that have occurred since the first white settlements were made within her borders. When the number of States was only twenty-six, and their total population about twenty millions, our repub- lican form of government was hardly more than an experiment, just fairly put upon trial. The development of our agricultural resources and inexhaustible mineral wealth had hardly commenced. Westward the " Star of Empire " had scarcely started on its way. West of the great Mississippi was a mighty empire, but almost unknown, and marked on the maps of the period as " The Great American Desert." Now, thirty-eight stars glitter on our national escutcheon, and over fifty millions of people, who know their rights and dare maintain them, tread American soil, and the grand sisterhood of States extends from the Gulf of Mexico to the Canadian border, and from the rocky coast of the Atlantic to the golden shores of the Pacific. THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM. Ames, Story County. The Iowa State Agricultural College and Farm were established by an act of the General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. A Board of Trustees was appointed, consisting of Governor R. P. Lowe, John D. Wright, William Duane Wilson, M. W. Robinson, Timothy Day, Richard Gaines, John Pattee, G. W. F. Sherwin, Suel Foster, S. W. Henderson, Clement Coffin and E. G. Day ; the Governors of the State and President of the College being ex officio mem- bers. Subsequently the number of Trustees was reduced to five. The Board met in June, 1859, and received propositions for the location of the College and Farm from Hardin, Polk, Story and Boone, Marshall, Jefferson and Tama Counties. In July, the proposition of Story County and some of its citizens and by the citizens of Boone County was accepted, and the farm and the site for the buildings were located. In 1860-61, the farm-house and barn were erected. In 1862, Congress granted to the State 240,000 acres of land for the endowment of schools of agriculture and the mechanical arts, and 195,000 acres were located by Peter Melendy, Commissioner, in 1862-3. George W. Bassett was appointed Land Agent for the institution. In 1864, the General Assem- bly appropriated $20,000 for the erection of the college building. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 65 In June of that year, the Building Committee, consisting of Suel Foster, Peter Melendy and A. J. Bronson, proceeded to let the contract. John Browne, of Des Moines, was employed as architect, and furnished the plans of the build- ing, but was superseded in its construction by C. A. Dunham. The $20,000 appropriated by the General Assembly were expended in putting in the foun- dations and making the brick for the structure. An additional appropriation of $91,000 was made in 1866, and the building was completed in 1868. Tuition in this college is made by law forever free to pupils from the State over sixteen years of age, who have been resident of the State six months pre- vious to their admission. Each county in the State has a prior right of tuition for three scholars from each county ; the remainder, equal to the capacity of the college, are by the Trustees distriljuted among the counties in proportion to the population, and subject to the above rule. All sale of ardent spirits, wine or beer are prohibited by law within a distance of three miles from the college, except for sacramental, mechanical or medical purposes. The course of instruction in the Agricultural College embraces the folloAving branches: Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Botany, Horticulture, Fruit Growing, Forestry, Animal and Vegetable Anatomy, Geology, Mineralogy, Meteorology, Entomology, Zoology, the Veterinary Art, Plane Mensuration, Leveling, Sur- veying, Bookkeeping, and such Mechanical Arts as are directly connected with agriculture ; also such other studies as the Trustees may from time to time prescribe, not inconsistent with the purposes of the institution. The funds arising from the lease and sale of lands and interest on invest- ments are sufficient for the support of the institution. Several College Societies are maintained among the students, who publish a monthly paper. There is also an " out-law " called the " A TA^ Chapter Omega." THE STATE UNIVERSITY. Iowa City, Johnson County. In the famous Ordinance of 1787, enacted by Congress before the Territory of the United States extended beyond the Mississippi River, it was declared that in all the territory northwest of the Ohio River, " Schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged." By act of Congress, approved July 20, 1840, the Secretary of the Treasury was authorized "to set apart and re- serve from sale, out of any of the public lands within the Territory of Iowa, to which the Indian title has been or may be extinguished, and not otherwise ap- propriated, a quantity of land, not exceeding the entire townships, for the use and support of a university within said territory when it becomes a state, and for no other use or purpose whatever ; to be Ibcatedin tracts of not less than an entire section, corresponding with any of the large divisions into which the pub- lic land are authorized to be surveyed." William W. Dodge, of Scott County, was appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury to make the selections. He selected Section 5 in Township 78, north of Range 3, east of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and then removed from the Territory. No more lands were selected until 1846, when, at the request of the Assembly, John M. Whitaker of Van Buren County, was appointed, who selected the remainder of the grant except about 122 acres. In the first Constitution, under which Iowa was admitted to the Union, the people directed the disposition of the proceeds of this munificent grant in ac- cordance with its terms, and instructed the General Assembly to provide, as soon 5 66 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. as may be, efrectual:\means for the improvement and security of the funds of the university derived from the hinds. The first General Assemldy, hy act approved February 25, 1847, established the " State University of Iowa " at Iowa City, then the capital of the State, "with such other branches as public convenience may hereafter require." The " public buildings at Iowa City, together with the ten acres of land in which they are situated," were granted for J;he use of said university, provided, how- ever, that the sessions of the Legislature and State offices should be held in the capitol until otherwise provided by law. The control and management of the University were committed to a board of fifteen Trustees, to be appointed by the Legishiture, five of whom were to be chosen bienially. The Superintendent of Public Instruction was made President of this Board. Provisions were made for the disposal of the two townships of land, and for the investment of the funds arising therefrom. The act further provides that the University shall never be under the exclusive control of any religious denomination whatever," and as soon as the revenue for the grant and donations amounts to $2,000 a year, the University should commence and continue the instruction, free of charge, of fifty students annually. The General Assembly retained full supervision over the University, its officers and the gi'ants and donations made and to be made to it by the State. Section 5 of the act appointed James P. Carleton, H. D. Downey, Thomas Snyder, Samuel McCrory, Curtis Bates, Silas Foster, E. C. Lyon, James H. Gower, George G. Vincent, Wm. G. Woodward, Theodore S. Parvin, George Atchinson, S. G. Matson, H. W. Starr and Ansel Briggs, the first Board of Trustees. The organization of the University at Iowa City was impracticable, how- ever, so long as the seat of government was retained there. In January, 1849, two branches of the University and three Normal Schools were established. The branches were located — one at Fairfield, and the other at Dubuque, and were placed upon an equal footing, in respect to funds and all other matters, with the University established at Iowa City. *'This act," says Col. Benton, "created three State Universities, with equal rights and powers, instead of a 'University with such branches as public conven- ience viay hereafter demand,'' as provided by the Constitution." The Board of Directors of the Fairfield Branch consisted of Barnet Ris- tine, Christian W. Slagle, Daniel Rider, Horace Gaylord, Bernhart Henn and Samuel S. Bayard. At the first meeting of the Board, Mr. Henn was elected President, Mr. Slagle Secretary, and Mr. Gaylord Treasurer. Twenty acres of land were purchased, and a building erected thereon, costing $2,500. This building was nearly destroyed by a hurricane, in 1850, but was rebuilt more substantially, all by contributions of the citizens of Fairfield. This branch never received any aid from the State or from the University Fund, and by act approved January 24, 1853, at the request of the Board, the Gen- eral Assembly terminated its relation to the State. The branch at Dubuque was placed under the control of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and John King, Caleb H. Booth, James M. Emerson, Michael J. Sullivan, Richard Benson and the Governor of the State as Trustees. The Trustees never organized, and its existence was only nominal. The Normal Schools were located at Andrew, Oskaloosa and Mount Pleasant, respectively. Each was to be governed by a board of seven Trustees, to be appointed by the Trustees of the University. Each was to receive $500 annu- ally from the income of the University Fund, upon condition that they should ed- HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 67 ucate eight school teachers, free of charge for tuition, and that the citizens should contribute an equal sum for the erection of the requisite buildings. The several Boards of Trustees were appointed. At Andrew, the school was organized Nov. 21, 1849; Samuel Ray, Principal; Miss J. S. Dorr, Assist- ant. A building was commenced and over $1,000 expended on it, but it was never completed. At Oskaloosa, the Trustees organized in April, 1852. ''. This school was opened in the Court House, September 13, 1852, under the charge of Prof. G. M. Drake and wife. A two story brick building was completed in 1853, costing $2,473. The school at Mount Pleasant was never organized. Neither of these schools received any aid from the University Fund, but in 1857 the Legislature appropriated $1,000 each for those at Oskaloosa and Andrew, and repealed the law authorizing the payment of money to them from the University Fund. From that time they made no further effort to continue in operation. At a special meeting of the Board of Trustees, held February 21, 1850, the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Upper Mississippi," established at Davenport, yvas recognized as the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of the State University of Iowa," expressly stipulating, however, that such recog- nition should not render the University liable for any pecuniary aid, nor was the Board to have any control over the property or management of the Medical Association. Soon after, this College was removed to Keokuk, its second ses- sion being opened there in November, 1850. In 1851, the General Assembly confirmed the action of the Board, and by act approved January 22, 1855, placed the Medical College under the supervision of the Board of Trustees of the University, and it continued in operation until this arrangement was termi- nated by the new Constitution, September 3, 1857. From 1847 to 1855, the Board of Trustees was kept full by regular elec- tions by the Legislature, and the Trustees held frequent meetings, but there was no effectual organization of the University. In March, 1855, it was partially opened for a term of sixteen weeks. July 16, 1855, Amos Dean, of Albany, N. Y., was elected President, but he never entered fully upon its duties. The University was again opened in September, 1855, and continued in operation until June, 1856, under Professors Johnson, Welton, Van Valkenburg and Guifin. In the Spring of 1856, the capital of the State was located at Des Moines ; but there were no buildings there, and the capitol at Iowa City was not vacated by the State until December, 1857. In June, 1856, the faculty was re-organized, with some changes, and the University was again opened on the third Wednesday of September, 1856. There were one hundred and twenty-four students — eighty-three males and forty-one females — in attendance during the year 1856-7, and the first regular catalogue was published. At a special meeting of the Board, September 22, 1857, the honorary de- gree' of Bachelor of Arts was conferred on D. Franklin Wells. This was the first degree conferred by the Board. Article IX, Section 11, of the new State Constitution, which went into force September 3, 1857, provided as follows : The State TJniversitv shall be established at one place, without branches at any other place ; and the University fund shall be applied to that institution, and no other. Article XI, Section 8, provided that The seat of Government is hereby permanently established, as now fixed by law, at the city of Des Moines, in the county of Polk ; and the State University at Iowa City, in the county of 68 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. The new Constitution created the Board of Education, consisting of the Lieutenant Governor, who was ex officio President, and one member to be elected from each judicial district in the State. This Board was endowed with "full power and authority to legislate and make all needful rules and regula- tions in relation to common schools and other educational institutions," subject to alteration, amendment or repeal by the General Assembly, which was vested with authority to abolish or re-organize the Board at any time after 1863. In December, 1857, the old capitol building, now known as Central Hall of the University, except the rooms occupied by the United States District Court, and the property, with that exception, passed under the control of the Trustees, and became the seat of the University. The old building had had hard usage, and its arrangement was illy adapted for University purposes. Extensive repairs and changes were necessary, but the Board was without funds for these pur- poses. The last meeting of the Board, under the old law, was held in January, 1858. At this meeting, a resolution was introduced, and seriously considered, to exclude females from the University ; but it finally failed. March 12, 1858, the first Legislature under the new Constitution enacted a new law in relation to the University, but it was not materially different from the former. March 11, 1858, the Legislature appropriated $3,000 for the re- pair and modification of the old capitol building, and $10,000 for the erection of a boarding house, now known as South Hall. The Board of Trustees created by the new law met and duly organized April 27, 1858, and determined to close the University until the income from its fund should be adequate to meet the current expenses, and the buildings should be ready for occupation. Until this term, the building known as the " Mechan- ics' A'^ademy " had been used for the school. The Faculty, except the Chan- cellor (Dean), was dismissed, and all further instruction suspended, from the close of the terra then in progress until September, 1859. At this meeting, a reso- lution was adopted excluding females from the University after the close of the existing term ; but this was afterward, in August, modified, so as to admit them to the Normal Department. At the meeting of the Board, August 4, 1858, the degree of Bachelor of Science was conferred upon Dexter Edson Smith, being the first degree con- erred upon a student of the University. Diplomas were awarded to the mem- bers of the first graduating class of the Normal Department as follows : Levi .?- Aylworth, Cellina H. Aylworth, Elizabeth L. Humphrey, Annie A. Pinney and Sylvia M. Thompson. An " Act for the Government and Regulation of the State University of Iowa," approved December 25, 1858, was mainly a re-enactment of the law of March 12, 1858, except that changes were made in the Board of Trustees, and manner of their appointment. This law provided that both sexes were to be admitted on equal terms to all departments of the institution, leaving the Board no discretion in the matter. The new Board met and organized, 'February 2, 1859, and decided to con- tinue the Normal Department only to the end of the current term, and that it was unwise to re-open the University at that time ; but at the annual meeting of the Board, in June of the same year, it was resolved to continue the Normal Department in operation ; and at a special meetmg, October 25, 1859, it was decided to re-open the University in September, 1860. Mr. Dean had resigned as Chancellor prior to this meeting, and Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D., was elected President, at a salary of $2,000. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 69 At the annual meeting, June 28, 1860, a full Faculty was appointed, and the University re-opened, under this new organization, September 19, 1860 (third Wednesday) ; and at this date the actual existence of the University may be said to commence. August 19, 1862, Dr. Totten having resigned. Prof Oliver M. Spencer was elected President and the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon Judge Samuel F. Miller, of Keokuk. At the commencement, in June, 1863, waa the first class of graduates in the Collegiate Department. The Board of Education was abolished March 19, 1864, and the office of Superintendent of Public Instruction was restored ; the General Assembly resumed control of the subject of education, and on March 21, an act was ap- proved for the government of the University. It was substantially the same as the former hiw, but provided that the Governor should be ex officio President of the Board of Trustees. Until 1858, the Superintendent of Public Instruction had been ex officio President. During the period of the Board of Education, the University Trustees were elected by it, and elected their own President. President Spencer was granted leave of absence from April 10, 1866, for fifteen months, to visit Europe; and Prof. Nathan R. Leonard was elected President pro tern. The North Hall was completed late in 1866. At the annual meeting in June, 1867, the resignation of President Spencer (absent in Europe) was accepted, and Prof. Leonard continued as President pro tern., until March 4, 1868, when James Black, D. D., Vice President of Wash- ington and Jefferson College, Penn., was elected President. Dr. Black entered upon his duties in September, 1868. The Law Department was established in June, 1868, and, in September fol- lowing, an arrangement was perfected with the Iowa Law School, at Des Moines, which had been in successful operation for three years, under the management of Messrs. George G. Wright, Chester C. Cole and William G. Hammond, by which that institution was transferred to Iowa City and merged in the Law De- partment of the University. The Faculty of this department consisted of the President of the University, Hon. Wm. G. Hammond, Resident Professor and Principal of the Department, and Professors G. G. Wright and C. C. Cole. Nine students entered at the commencement of the first term, and during the year ending June, 1877, there were 103 students in this department. At a special meeting of the Board, on the 17th of September, 1868, a Com- mittee was appointed to consider the expediency of establishing a Medical De- partment. This Committee reported at once in favor of the proposition, the Faculty to consist of the President of the University and seven Professors, and recommended that, if practicable, the new department should be opened at the commencement of the University year, in 1869-70. At this meeting, Hon. Ezekiel Clark was elected Treasurer of the University. By an act of the General Assembly, approved April 11, 1870, the "Board of Regents " was instituted as the governing power of the University, and since that time it has been the fundamental law of the institution. The Board of Regents held its first meeting June 28, 1870. Wm. J. Haddock was elected Secretary, and Mr. Clark, Treasurer. Dr. Black tendered his resignation as President, at a special meetin«g of the Board, held August 18, 1870, to take effect on the 1st of December following. His resignation was accepted. 70 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. The South Hall havng been fitted up forthe purpose, the first term was Medical Department was opened October 24, 1870, and continued until March, 1871, at which time there were three graduates and thirty-nine students. March 1, 1871, Rev. George Thache** was elected President of the Univer- ' sity. Mr. Thacher accepted, entered upon his duties April 1st, and was form- ally inaugurated at the annual meeting in June, 1861. In June, 1874, the " Chair of Military Instruction" was established, and the President of the United States was requested to detail an officer to perforin its duties. In compliance with this request, Lieut. A. D. Schenck, Second Artil- lery, U. S. A., was detailed as "Professor of Military Science and Tactics," at Iowa State University, by order of the War Department, August 26, 1874, who reported for duty on the 10th of September following. Lieut. Schenck was relieved by Lieut. James Chester, Third Artillery, January 1, 1877. Treasurer Clark resigned November 3, 1875, and John N. Coldren elected in his stead. At the annual meeting, in 1876, a Department of Homoeopathy was established. In March, 1877, a resolution was adopted affiliating the High Schools of the State with the University. In June, 1877, Dr. Thacher's connection with the University was termi- nated, and C. W. Slagle, a member of the Board of Regents, was elected Pres- ident. In 1872, the ex officio membership of the Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion was abolished ; but it Avas restored in 1876. Following is a catalogue of the officers of this important institution, from 1847 to 1878 : TRUSTEES OR REGENTS. PRESIDENTS. FEOM TO James Harlan, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1847 1848 Thomas H. Benton, Jr,, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1848 1854 James D. Eads, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1854 1857 Maturin L. Fisher, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1857 1858 Amos Dean, Chancellor, ex officio 1858 1859 Thomas H. Benton, Jr 1859 1863 Francis Springer 1863 1864 William M. Stone, Governor, ex officio 1864 1868 Samuel Merrill, Governor, ex officio 1868 1872 Cyrus C. Carpenter, Governor, ex officio 1872 1876 Samuel J. Kirkwood, Governor, ex officio ...».• 1876 1877 Joshua G. Newbold, Governor, ex officio 1877 1878 John H. Gear 1878 1883 VICE PRESIDENTS. FROM TO Silas Foster 1847 1851 Robert Lucas 1851 1853 Edward Connelly 1854 1855 Moses J. Morsman 1855 1858 SECRETARIES. Hugh D. Downey 1847 1851 Anson Hart 1851 1«57 Elijah Sells 1857 1858 Anson Hart 1858 . 1864 William J. Haddock 1864 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 71 TREASURERS. Morgan Reno, State Treasurer, ex officio 1847 1850 Israel Kister, State Treasurer, ex officio 1850 1852 Martin L. Morris, State Treasurer, ex officio 1852 1855 Henry W. Lathrop 1855 1862 William Crum 1862 1868 Ezekiel Clark 1868 1876 John N. Coldren l°"o PRESIDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY. Amos Dean, LL. D 1855 1858 Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D I860 1862 Oliver M. Spencer, D. D.* 1862 1867 James Black, D. D 1868 1870 George Thacher, D. D 1871 1877 C. W. Slagle 1877 Josiah L. Pickard l0'« . In 1882 a dental department was added to the University, with L. C. Ingersoll, M. D., of Keokuk, as Dean of the Dental Faculty. There were also added this year a school of elocution and oratory," under Prof. E. M. Booth; and a school of short-hand reporting, in charge of Prof. Eldon Moran. GENERAL STATEMENT. The University secular affairs are managed by a Board of Regents con- stituted as follows: The Governor of the State, the Superintendent of Pubhc Instruction, and the President of the University are ex-officio mem- bers—the Governor of the State, being by virtue of his office, the Presi- dent of the Board, The General Assembly elects one person from each Congressional dis- trict of the State to hold office for six years. The Regents are divided into three classes, so arranged that the members of one class are elected at each biennial session of the Legislature. The Board of Regents is empowered to confer such degrees and to grant such diplomas as are usually conferred and granted by other Universities. The University fund arising from the sale of lands donated by the Gen- eral Government has been supplemented from time to time by Legislative grant. The Institution is now in receipt of an annual endowment, whereby the work and usefulness of the University are greatly extended. No preparatory work is done in the University; that is left to the High Schools, Academics and Colleges throughout the State . The require- ments for admission have been determined upon after the fullest considera- tien of what is best for the High Schools of the State as well as for the University. BOARD OF REGENTS.— 1882. His Excellencv, Buren R. Sherman, Governor of the State, member, and President of the Board cx-offieio. C. W. Slagle, Fairfield, T. S. Parr, Indinola, D. N. Richardson, Davenport, term expires, 1882 ; H. C. Bulls, Decorah, A. T. Reeve, Hampton, J. F. Duncombe, Fort Dodge, term expires, 1884 ; J. N. W. Rumple, Marengo, W. O. Crosby, Centerville, H. Everett, Council Bluffs, term expires, 1886 ; D. N. Richardson, Davenport, elected 1882, H. A. Burrell, Washington, T. S. Wright, Des Moines, term expires, 1888; J. W. Akers, Superintendent of Public In- struction, J. L. Pickard. President of the University, members ex-officio; J. N. Coldren, Iowa City, Treasurer; W.J. Haddock, Iowa City, Secretary; ]. L. Pickard, L. Robinson, L. W. Ross, Executive Committee. 72 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS. 1. The Central Building, the former State Capitol, is 1'20 feet by 60 feet, and two stories in height. It is built of stone. 2. The South Building is 108 feet b} 45 feet, and three stories in height. It is built of brick. 3. The North Building is 90 feet by 61 feet and two stories in height. It is built of brick. 4. The Astronomical Observatory is 66 feet by 26 feet with a rotunda 14 feet in diameter. It is constructed of brick. 5. The Hospital and Clinical Amphitheater is 68 feet by 55 feet and two stories in height. It is constructed partly of brick and partly of wood. 6. The Homeopathic Medical Building is 42 feet by 25 feet and two stories in height. It is constructed of brick. 7. The Armory. Brick; 30 by 40 feet, two stories in height. 8. The Medical Building, is 84 feet by 60 feet and four stories in height with a French roof. STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. By act of the General Assembly, approved January 28, 1857, a State His- torical Society was provided for in connection with the University. At the commencement, an appropriation of $250 was made, to be expended in collecting, embodying, and preserving in an authentic form a library of books, pamphlets, charts, maps, manuscripts, papers, paintings, statuary, and other materials illus- trative of the history of Iowa; and with the further object to rescue from oblivion the memory of the early pioneers ; to obtain and preserve various accounts of their exploits, perils and hardy adventures ; to secure facts and statements relative to the history and genius, and progress and decay of the Indian tribes of Iowa; to exhibit fiithfully the antiquities and past and present resources of the State ; to aid in the publication of such collections of the Society as shall from time to time be deemed of value and interest ; to aid in binding its books, pamphlets, manuscripts and papers, and in defraying other necessary incidental expenses of the Society. There was appropriated by law to this institution, till the General Assembly shall otherwise direct, the sum of $500 per annum. The Society is under the management of a Board of Curators, consisting of eighteen persons, nine of whom are appointed by the Governor, and nine elected by the members of the Society. The Curators receive no compensation for their services. The annual meeting is provided for by law, to be held at Iowa City on Monday preceding the last Wednesday in June of each year. The State Historical Society has published a series of very valuable collec- tions, including history, biography, sketches, reminiscences, etc., with quite a large number of finely engraved portraits of prominent and early settlers, under the title of " Annals of Iowa." THE PENITENTIARY. Located at Fort Madison, Lee County. The first act of the Territorial Legislature, relating to a Penitentiary in Iowa, was approved January 25, 1839, the fifth section of which authorized the Governor to draw the sum of $20,000 appropriated by an act of Congress ap- proved July 7, 1838, for public buildings in the Territory of Iowa. It provided HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 73 direct the building of the Penitentiary, which should be located within one mile of the public square, in the town of Fort Madison, Lee County , provided Fort Madison should deed to the directors a tract of land suitable for a site, and assign them, by contract, a spring or stream of water for the use of the Penitentiary. To the Directors was also given the power of appointing the Vfarden ; the latter to appoint his own assistants. The first Directors appointed were John S. David and John Claypole. They made their first report to the Legislative Council November 9, 1839. The citi- zens of the town of Fort Madison had executed a deed conveying ten acres of land for the building site. Amos Ladd was appointed Superintendent of the building June 5, 1839. The building was designed of sufficient capacity to con- tain one hundred and thirty-eight convicts, and estimated to cost $55,933.90. It was begun on the 9th of July, 1839 ; the main building and Warden's house were completed in the Fall of 1841. Other additions were made from time to time till the building and arrangements were all complete according to the plan of the Directors. It has answered the purpose of the State as a Penitentiary for more than thirty years, and during that period many items of practical ex- perience in prison management have been gained. It has long been a problem how to conduct prisons, and deal with what are called the criminal classes generally, so as to secure their best good and best subserve the interests of the State. Both objects must be taken into considera- tion in any humaritarian view of the subject. This problem is not yet solved, but Iowa has adopted the progressive and enlightened policy of humane treat- ment of prisoners and the utilization of their labor for their own support. The labor of the convicts in the Iowa Penitentiary, as in most others in the United States, is iex, -)ut to contractors, who pay the State a certain stipulated amount therefor, the State furnishing the shops, tools and machinery, as well as the supervision necessary to preserve order and discipline in the prison. While this is an improvement upon the old solitary confinement system, it still falls short of an enlightened reformatory system that in the future will treat the criminal for mental disease and endeavor to restore him to usefulness in the community. The objections urged against the contract system of dis- posing of the labor of prisoners, that it brings the labor of honest citizens into competition with convict labor at reduced prices, and is disadvantageous to the State, are not without force, and the system will have no place in the prisons of the future. ADDITIONAL PENITENTIARY. Located at Anamosa, Jones County. By an act of the Fourteenth General Assembly, approved April 23, 1872, William Ure, Foster L. Downing and Martin Heisey were constituted Commis- sioners to locate and provide for the erection and control of an additional Penitentiary for the State of Iowa. These Commissioners met on the 4ih of the following June, at Anamosa, Jones County, and selected a site donated by the citizens, within the limits of the city. L. W. Foster & Co., architects, of Des Moines, furnished the plan, drawings and specifications, and work was commenced on the building on the 28th day of September, 1872. ]\Iay 13, 1873, twenty convicts were transferred to Anamosa from the Fort Madison Penitentiary. The entire enclosure includes fifteen acres, with a frontage of 663 feet. 74 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. IOWA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. Mount Pleasant, Henry County. By an act of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 24, 1855, $4,425 were appropriated for the purchase of a site, and ^50,000 for building an Insane Hospital, and the Governor (Grimes), Edward Johnston, of Lee County, and Charles S. Blake, of Henry County, were appointed to locate the institution and superintend the erection of the building. These Commission- ers located the institution at Mt. Pleasant, Henry County. A plan for a building designed to accommodate 300 patients, drawn by Dr. Bell, of Massa- chusetts, was accepted, and in October work was commenced under the superin- tendence of Mr. Henry Winslow. Up to February 25, 1858, and including an appropriation made on that date, the Legislature had appropriated ^258,555.67 to this institution, but the building was not finished ready for occupancy by patients until March 1, 1861. The Trustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Presi- dent, Farmersburg; Samuel McFarland, Secretary, Mt. Pleasant; D. L. McGugin, Keokuk; G. W. Kincaid, Muscatine; J. D. Elbert, Keosauqua; John B. Lash and Harpin Riggs, Mt. Pleasant. Richard J. Patterson, M. D., of Ohio, was elected Superintendent; Dwight C. Dewey, M. D., Assistant Physician; Henry Winslow, Steward; Mrs. Catharine Winslow, Matron. The Hospital was formally opened March 6, 1861, and one hundred patients were admitted within three months. About 1865, Dr. Mark Ranney became Superintendent. April 18, 1876, a portion of the hospital building was destroyed by fire. From the opening of the Hospital to the close of October, 1877, 3,584 patients had been admitted. Of these, 1,141 were discharged recovered, 505 discharged improved, 589 discharged unimproved, and 1 died ; total discharged, 2,976, leaving 608 inmates. During this period, there were 1,384 females admitted, whose occupation was registered "domestic duties ;" 122, no occupation; 25, female teachers; 11, seamstresses; and 25, servants. Among the males were 916 farmers, 394 laborers, 205 without occupation, 39 cabinet makers, 23 brewers, 31 clerks, 26 merchants, 12 preachers, 18 shoe- makers, 13 students, 14 tailors, 13 teachers, 14 agents, 17 masons, 7 lawyers, 7 physicians, 4 saloon keepers, 3 salesmen, 2 artists, and 1 editor. The pro- ducts of the farm and garden, in 1876, amounted to $13,721.26. HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. Independence, Buchanan County. In the Winter of 1867-8, a bill providing for an additional Hospital for the Insane was passed by the Legislature, and an appropriation of $125,000 was made for that purpose. Maturin L. Fisher, of Clayton County ; E. G. Morgan, of Webster County, and Albert Clark, of Buchanan County, were appointed Commissioner to locate and supervise the erection of the building. Clark died about a year after his appointment, and Hon. G. W. Bemis, of Indepen- dence, was appointed to fill the vacancy. The Commissioners met and commenced their labors on the 8th day of June, 1868, at Independence. The act under which they were appointed required them to select the most eligible and desirable location, of not less than 320 acres, within two miles of the city of Independence, that might be ofiered by the citizens free of charge to the State. Several such tracts were offered, but the Commissioners finally selected the south half of southwest quarter of HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 75 northwest quarter of Section 8, and the north half of northeast quarter of Sec- tion 8, all in Township 88 north, Range 9 west of the Fifth Principal Meridian. This location is on the west side of the Wapsipinicon River, and about a mile from its banks, and about the same distance from Independence. Col. S. V. Shipman, of Madison, Wis., was employed to prepare plans, specifications and drawings of the building, which, when completed, were sub- mitted to Dr. M. Ranney, Superintendent of the Hospital at Mount Pleasant, •who suggested several improvements. The contract for erecting the building was awarded to Mr. David Armstrong, of Dubuque, for $88,114. The con- tract was signed November 7, 1868, and Mr. Armstrong at once commenced work. Mr. George Josselyn was appointed to superintend the work. The main buildings were constructed of dressed limestone, from the quarries at Anamosa and Farley. The basements are of the local granite worked from the immense boulders found in large quantities in this portion of the State. In 1872, the building was so far completed that the Commissioners called the first meeting of the Trustees, on the 10th day of July of that year. These Trustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Mrs. P. A. Appleman, T. W. Fawcett, C. C. Parker, E. G. Morgan, George W. Bemis and John M. Boggs. This board was organized, on the day above mentioned, by the election of Hon. M. L. Fisher, President ; Rev. J. G. Boggs, Secretary, and George W. Bemis, Treas- urer, and, after adopting preliininary measures for organizing the local govern- ment of the hospital, adjourned to the first Wednesday of the following Septem- ber. A few days before this meeting, Mr. Boggs died of malignant fever, and Dr. John G. House was appointed to fill the vacancy. Dr. House was elected Secretary. At this meeting, Albert Reynolds, M. D., was elected Superintendent; George Josselyn, Steward, and Mrs. Anna B. Josselyn, Matron. September 4, 1873, Dr. Willis Butterfield was elected Assistant Physician. The building was ready for occupancy April 21, 1873. In the Spring of 1876, a contract was made with Messrs. Mackay & Lundy, of Independence, for furnishing materials for building the outside walls of the two first sections of the south wing, next to the center building, for $6,250. The carpenter work on the fourth and fifth stories of the center building was completed during the same year, and the wards were furnished and occupied by patients in the Fall. In 1877, the south wing was built. IOWA COLLEGE FOR THE BLIND. Vinton, Benton County. In August, 1852, Prof. Samuel Bacon, himself blind, established an Insti- tution for the Instruction of the Blind of Iowa, at Keokuk. By act of the General Assembly, entitled " An act to establish an Asylum for the Blind," approved January 18, 1858, the institution was adopted by the State, removed to Iowa City, February 3d, and opened for the reception of pupils April 4, 1853, free to all the blind in the State. The first Board of Trustees were James D. Eads, President ; George W. McClary, Secretary ; James H. Gower, Treasurer ; Martin L. Morris, Stephen Hempstead, Morgan Reno and John McCaddon. The Board appointed Prof. McGugin, Keokuk; G. W. Kincaid, Muscatine; J. D. Elbert, Keosauqua. XQ HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Samuel Bacon, Principal ; T. J. McGittigen, Teacher of Music, and Mrs. Sarah K. Bacon, Matron. Twenty-three pupils were admitted during the first term. In his first report, made in 1854, Prof. Bacon suggested that the name should be changed from "Asylum for the Blind," to that of "Institution for the Instruction of the Blind." This was done in 1855, when the General As- sembly made an annual appropriation for the College of $55 per quarter for each pupil. This was subsequently changed to $3,000 per annum, and a charge of $25 as an admission fee for each pupil, which sum, with the amounts realized from the sale of articles manufactured by the blind pupils, proved sufficient for the expenses of the institution during Mr. Bacon's administration. Although Mr. Bacon was blind, he was a fine scholar and an economical manager, and had founded the Blind Asylum at Jacksonville, Illinois. As a mathematician he had few superiors. On the 8th of May, 1858, the Trustees met at Vinton, and made arrange- ments for securing the donation of $5,000 made by the citizens of that town. In June of that year, a quarter section of land was donated for the College, by John W. 0. Webb and others, and the Trustees adopted a plan for the erection of a suitable building. In 1860, the plan was modified, and the con- tract for enclosing let to Messrs. Finkbine & Lovelace, for $10,420. In August, 1862, the building was so far completed that the goods and fur- uiture of the institution were removed from loAva City to Vinton, and early in October, the school was opened there with twenty-four pupils. At this time, Rev. Orlando Clark was Principal. In August, 1864, a new Board of Trustees were appointed by the Legisla- ture, consisting of James McQuin, President; Reed Wilkinson, Secretary ; Jas. Chapin, Treasurer; Robert Gilchrist, Elijah Sells and Joseph Dysart, organized and made important changes. Rev. Reed Wilkinson succeeded Mr. Clark as Principal. Mrs. L. S. B. Wilkinson and Miss Amelia Butler were appointed Assistant Teachers ; Mrs. N. A. Morton, Matron. Mr. Wilkinson resigned in June, 1867, and Gen. James L. Geddes was appointed in his place. In September, 1869, Mr. Geddes retired, and was succeeded by Prof. S. A.Knapp. Mrs. S. C. Lawton was appointed Matron, and was succeeded by Mrs. M. A. Knapp. Prof. Knapp resigned July 1, 1875, and Prof. Orlando Clark was elected Principal, who died April 2, 1876, and was succeeded by John B. Parmalee, who retired in July, 1877, when the present incumbent, Rev. Robert Carothers, was elected. The Legislative Committee who visited this institution in 1878 expressed their astonishment at the vast expenditure of money in proportion to the needs of the State. The structure is well built, and the money properly expended ; yet it was enormously beyond the necessities of the State, and shows an utter disregard of the fitness of things. The Committee could not understand why $282^000 should have been expended for a massive building covering about two and a half acres for the accommodation of 130 people, costing over eight thou- sand dollars a year to heat it, and costing the State about five hundred dollars a year for each pupil. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. , 7T INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. Council Bluffs, Pottawattomie County. The Iowa Institution for tlie Deaf and Dumb was established at Iowa City by an act of the General Assembly, approved January 24, 1855. The number of deaf mutes then in the State was 301 ; the number attending the Institution, 50. The first Board of Trustees were: Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Hon. E. Sells, W. Penn Clarke, J. P. Wood, H. D. Downey, William Crum, W. E. Ijams, Principal. On the resignation of Mr. Ijams, in 1862, the Board appointed in his ste;id Mr. Benjamin Talbot, for nine years a teacher in the Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Mr. Talbot was ardently devoted to the interests of the institution and a faithful worker for the unfortunate class under his charge. A strong effort was made, in 1866, to remove this important institution to Des Moines, but it was located permanently at Council Bluffs, and a building rented for its use. In 1868, Commissioners were appointed to locate a site for, and to superintend the erection of, a new building, for which the Legislature appropriated $125,000 to commence the work of construction. The Commis- sioners selected ninety acres of land about two miles south of the city of Coun- cil Bluffs. The main building and one wing were completed October 1, 1870, and immediately occupied by the Institution. February 25, 1877, the main building and east wing were destroyed by fire; and August 6 following, the roof of the new west wing was blown off and the walls partially demolished by a tornado. At the time of the fire, about one hundred and fifty pupils were in attendance. After the fire, half the classes were dismissed and the number of scholars reduced to about seventy, and in a week or two the school was in run- ning order. The Legislative Committee which visited this Institution in the Winter of 1857-8 was not well pleased with the condition of affairs, and reported that the building (west wing) was a disgrace to the State and a monu- ment of unskillful workmanship, and intimated rather strongly that some reforms in management were very essential. Trustees for iSyy-yS were. — Thomas Officer, President; N. P.Dodge, Treasurer; Paul Lange, William Orr, J. W. Cattell. Superintendent, Benjamin Talbot, M. A. Teachers, Edwin Southwick, Conrad S. Zorbaugh, John A. Gillespie, John A. Kennedy, Ellen J. Israel, Ella J. Brown, Mrs. H. R. Gillespie; Physician, H. W. Hart, M. D.; Stew- ard, N. A. Taylor.; Matron Mary B. Swan. SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOMES. Davenport. Cedar Falls, Grlenwood. The movement which culminated in the establishment of this beneficent in- stitution Avas originated by Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, during the civil war of 1861-65. This noble and patriotic lady called a convention at Muscatine, on the 7th of October 1863, for the purpose of devising measures for the support and education of the orphan children of the brave sons of Iowa, who had fallen in defense of national honor and integrity. So great was the public interest in the movement that there was a large representation from all parts of the State on the day named, and an association was organized called the Iowa State Or- phan Asylum. 78 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. The first officers were : President, William M. Stone ; Vice Presidents, Mrs. G. G. Wright, Mrs. R. L. Cadle, Mrs. J. T. Hancock, John R. Needham, J. W. Cattell, Mrs. Mary M. Bagg ; Recording Secretary, Miss Mary Kibben ; Cor- responding Secretary, Miss M. E. Shelton ; Treasurer, N. H. Brainerd; Board of Trustees, Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, Mrs. C. B. Darwin, Mrs. D. T. Newcorab, Mrs. L. B. Stephens, 0. Fayville, E. H. Williams, T. S. Parvin, Mrs. Shields, Caleb Baldwin, C. C. Cole, Isaac Pendleton, H. C. Henderson. The first meeting of the Trustees was held February 14, 1864, in the Repre- sentative Hall, at Des Moines. Committees from both branches of the General Assembly were present and were invited to participate in their deliberations. Gov. Kirkwood suggested that a home for disabled soldiers should be connected with the Asylum. Arrangements were made for raising funds. At the next meeting, in Davenport, in March, 1864, the Trustees decided to commence operations at once, and a committee, of which Mr. Howell, of Keo- kuk, was Chairman, was appointed to lease a suitable building, solicit donations, and procure suitable furniture. This committee secured a large brick building in Lawrence, Van Buren County, and engaged Mr. Fuller, of Mt. Pleasant, as Steward. At the annual meeting, in Des Moines, in June, 1864, Mrs. C. B. Baldwin, Mrs. G. G. Wright, Mrs. Dr. Horton, Miss Mary E. Shelton and Mr. George Sherman were appointed a committee to furnish the building and take all neces- sary steps for opening the "Home," and notice was given that at the next meeting of the Association, a motion would be made to change the name of the Institution to Iowa Orphans' Home. The work of preparation was conducted so vigorously that on the 1 3th day of July following, the Executive Committee announced that they were ready to receive the children. In three weeks twenty-one were admitted, and the num- ber constantly increased, so that, in a little more than six months from the time of opening, there were seventy children admitted, and twenty more applica- tions, which the Committee had not acted upon — all orphans of soldiers. Miss M. Elliott, of Washington, was appointed Matron. She resigned, in February, 1865, and was succeeded by Mrs. E. G. Piatt, of Fremont County. The " Home " was sustained by the voluntary contributions of the people, until 1866, when it was assumed by the State. In that year, the General Assembly provided for the location of several such "Homes" in the different counties, and which were established at Davenport, Scott County; Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, and at Glenwood, Mills County. The Board of Trustees elected by the General Assembly had the oversight and management of the Soldiers' Orphans' Homes of the State, and consisted of one person from each county in which such Home was located, and one for the State at large, who held their office two years, or until their successors were elected and qualified. An appropriation of $10 per month for each orphan actually supported was made by the General Assembly. The Home in Cedar Falls was organized in 1865, and an old hotel building was fitted up for it. Rufus C, Mary L. and Emma L. Bauer were the first children received, in October, and by January, 1866, there were ninety-six in- mates. ^ October 12, 1869, the Home was removed to a large brick building, about two miles west of Cedar Falls, and was very prosperous for several years, but in 1876, the General Assembly established a State Normal School at Cedar Falls and appropriated the buildings and grounds for that purpose. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 79 By " An act to provide for the organization and support of an asylum at Glenwood, in Mills County, for feeble minded children," approved March 17, 1876, the buildings and grounds used by the Soldiers' Orplians' Home at that place were appropriated for this purpose. By another act, approved March 15, 1876, the soldiers' orphans, then at the Homes at Glenwood and Cedar Falls, were to be removed to the Home at Davenport within ninety days thereafter, and the Board of Trustees of the Home were authorized to receive other indigent children into that institution, and provide for their education in industrial pursuits. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County. Chapter 129 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, in 1876, estab- lished a State Normal School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, and required the Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home to turn over the property in their charge to the Directors of the new institution. The Board of Directors met at Cedar Falls June 7, 1876, and duly organ- ized by the election of H. C. Hemenway, President ; J. J. Toleston, Secretary, and E. Townsend, Treasurer. The Board of Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home met at the same time for the purpose of turning over to the Directors the property of that institution, which was satisfactorily done and properly receipted for as required by law. At this meeting, Prof. J, C. Gilchrist was elected Principal of the School. On the 12th of July, 1876, the Board again met, when executive and teachers' committees were appointed and their duties assigned. A Steward and a Matron were elected, and their respective duties defined. The buildings and grounds were repaired and fitted up as well as the appro- priation would admit, and the first term of the school opened September 6, 1876, commencing with twenty-seven and closing with eighty-seven students. The second term closed with eighty-six, and one hundred and six attended during the third term. REFORM SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Mitchellville^ Polk County. In 1869 the building and grounds of the Universalist Seminary at Mitchellville were purchased, and a reform school for girls was opened there. In Januar}^ 1882, there were sixt3'-three girls in this school. Mrs. Angle C. Le welling, matron; salary $700. In 1880 the legislature appropriated $16,900 for this institution, for its repairs, buildings, and all expenses for two years. ASYLUM FOR FEEBLE MINDED CHILDREN. Glenwood., Mills County. Chapter 152 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, approved March 17, 1876, provided for the establishment of an asylum for feeble minded children at Glenwood, Mills County, and the buildings and grounds of the 80 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place were to be used for that purpose. The asylum was placed under the management of three Trustees, one at least of ■whom should be a resident of Mills County. Children between the ages of 7 and 18 years are admitted. Ten dollars per month for each child actually sup- ported by the State was appropriated by the act, and ^2,000 for salaries of officers and teachers for two years. Hon. J. W. Cattell, of Polk County ; A. J. Russell, of Mills County, and W. S. Robertson, were appointed Trustees, who held their first meeting at Glen wood, April 26, 1876. Mr. Robertson was elected President; Mr, Russell, Treasurer, and Mr. Cattell, Secretary. The Trustees found the house and farm which had been turned over to them in a shamefully dilapidated condition. The fences were broken down and the lumber destroyed or carried away ; the win- dows broken, doors off their hinges, floors broken and filthy in the extreme, cellars reeking with offensive odors from decayed vegetables, and every conceiv- able variety of filth and garbage ; drains obstructed, cisterns bi'oken, pump demoralized, wind-mill broken, roof leaky, and the whole property in the worst possible condition. It was the first work of the Trustees to make the house tenable. This was done under the direction of Mr. Russell. At the request of the Trustees, Dr. Charles T. Wilbur, Superintendent of the Illinois Asylum, visited Glenwood, and made many valuable suggestions, and gave them much assistance. 0. W. Archibald, M. D., of Glenwood, was appointed Superintendent, and soon after was appointed Secretary of the Board, vice Cattell, resigned. INlrs. S. A. Archibald was appointed Matron, and Miss Maud M. Archibald, Teacher. The Institution was opened September 1, 1876 ; the first pupil admitted September 4, and the school was organized September 10, with only five pupils, which number had, in November, 1877, increased to eighty-seven. December i, 1876, Miss Jennie Van Dorin, of Fairfield, Avas employed as a teacher and in the Spring of 1877, Miss Sabina J. Archibald was also employed. THE REFORM SCHOOL. JSldora, Hardin County. By "An act to establish and organize a State Reform School for Juvenile Offenders," approved March 31, 1868, the General Assembly established a State Reform School at Salem, Lee (Henry) County ; provided for a Board of Trustees, to consist of one person from each Congressional District. For the purpose of immediately opening the school, the Trustees were directed to accept the proposition of the Trustees of White's Iowa Manual Labor Institute, at Salem, and lease, for not more than ten years, the lands, buildings, etc., of the Institute, and at once proceed to prepare for and open a reform school as a temporary establishment. The contract for fitting up the buildings was let to Clark & Haddock, Sep- tember 21, 1868, and on the 7th of October following, the first inmate was received from Jasper County. The law provided for the admission of children of both sexes under 18 years of age. In 1876, this was amended, so that they are now received at ages over 7 and under 16 years. April 19, 1872, the Trustees were directed to make a permanent location for the school, and $45,000 was appropriated for the erection of the necessary buildings. The Trustees were further directed, as soon as practicable, to organize a school for girls in the buildings where the boys were then kept. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. ' 8:|. The Trustees located the school at Eldora, Hardin County, and in the Code of 1873, it is permanently located there by law. The institution is managed by five Trustees, "who are paid mileage, but no compensation for their services. The object is the reformation of the chiklren of both sexes, under the age of 16 years and over 7 years of age, and the law requires that the Trustees shall require the boys and girls under their cliarge to be instructed in piety and morality, and in such branches of useful knowledge as are adapted to their age and capacity, and in some regular course of labor, either mechanical, manufac- turing or agricultural, as is best suited to their age, strength, disposition and capacity, and as may seem best adapted to secure the reformation and future benefit of the boys and girls. A boy or girl committed to the State Reform School is there kept, disci- plined, instructed, employed and governed, under the direction of the Trustees, until he or she arrives at the age of majority, or is bound out, reformed or legally discharged. The binding out or discharge of a boy or girl as reformed, or having arrived at the age of majority, is a complete release from all penalties incurred by conviction of the ofiense for which he or she was committed. This is one step in the right direction. In the future, however, still further advances will be made, and the right of every individual to the fruits of their labor, even while restrained for the public good, will be recognized. FISH HATCHING ESTABLISHMENT. Near Anamosa, Jones County. The Fifteenth General Assembly, in 1874, passed " An act to provide for the appointment of a Board of Fish Commissioners for the construction of Fishways for the protection and propagation of Fisli," also "An act to provide for furnishing the rivers and lakes with fish and fish spawn." This act appro- priated $0,000 for the purpose. In accordance with the provisions of the first act above mentioned, on the 9th of April, 1874, S. B. Evans of Ottumwa, Wapello County ; B. F. Shaw of Jones County, and Charles A. Haines, of Black Hawk County, were appointed to be Fish Commissioners by the Governor. These Commissioners met at Des Moines, May 10, 1874, and organized by the election of Mr. Evans, President ; Mr. Shaw, Secretary and Superintendent, and Mr. Haines, Treasurer. The State was partitioned into three districts or divisions to enable the Commissioners to better superintend the construction of fishways as required by law. That part of the State lying south of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad was placed under the especial supervision of Mr. Evans ; that part be- tween that railroad and the Iowa Division of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. Shaw, and all north of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. Haines. At this meeting, the Superintendent was authorized to build a State Hatching House ; to procure the spawn of valuable fish adapted to the waters of Iowa ; hatch and prepare the young fish for distribution, and assist in putting them into the Avaters of the State. In compliance with these instructions, Mr. Shaw at once commenced work, and in the Summer of 1874, erected a " State Hatching House" near Anamosa, 20x40 feet, two stories ; the second story being designed for a tenement ; the first story being the "hatching room." The hatching troughs are supplied with water from a magnificent spring four feet deep and about ten feet in diam- eter, afibrding an abundant and unfailing supply of pure running water/ During 6 82 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. the first year, from May 10, 1874, to May 10, 1875, the Commissioners distributed within the State 100,000 Shad, 300,000 California Sahnon, 10,000 Bass, 80,000 Penobscot (Maine) Salmon, 5,000 land-locked Salmon, 20,000 of other species. By act approved March 10, 1876, the law was amended so that there should be but one instead of three Fish Commissioners, and B. F. Shaw was appointed, and the Commissioner was authorized to purchase twenty acres of land, on "which the State Hatching House was located near Anamosa. In the Fall of 1876, Commissioner Shaw gathered from the sloughs of the Mississippi, where they would have been destroyed, over a million and a half of small fish, which were distributed in the various rivers of the State and turned into the Mississippi. In 1875-6, 533,000 California Salmon, and in 1877, 303,500 Lake Trout were distributed in various rivers and lakes in the State. The experiment of stocking the small streams with brook trout is being tried, and 81,000 of the speckled beauties were distributed in 1877. In 1876, 100,000 young eels were distributed. These came from New York and they are increasing rapidly. At the close of 1877, there were at least a dozen private fish farms in suc- cessful operation in various parts of the State. Commissioner Shaw is en- thusiastically devoted to the duties of his office and has performed an important service for the people of the State by his intelligent and successful operations. The Sixteenth General Assembly passed an act in 1878, prohibiting the catching of any kind of fish except Brook Trout from March until June of each year. Some varieties are fit for food only during this period. THE PUBLIC LANDS. The grants of public lands made in the State of Iowa, for various purposes, are as follows : 1. The 500,000 Acre Grant. 2. The IGth Section Grant. 3. The Mortgage School Lands. 4. The University Grant. 6. The Saline Grant. 6. The De3 Moines River Grant. 7. The Des Moines River School Lands. 8. The Swamp Land Grant. 9. The Railroad Grant. 10. The Agricultural College Grant. I. THE FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND ACRE GRANT. When the State was admitted into the Union, she became entitled to 500,000 acres of land by virtue of an act of Congress, approved September 4, 1841, which granted to each State therein specified 500,000 acres of public land for internal improvements ; to each State admitted subsequently to the passage of the act, an amount of land which, with the amount that might hnve been granted to her as a Territory, would amount to 500,000 acres. All these lands were required to be selected within the limits of the State to which they were granted. The Constitution of Iowa declares that the proceeds of this grant, together with all lands then granted or to be granted by Congress for the benefit of schools, shall constitute a perpetual fund for the support of scliools throughout the State. By an act approved January 15, 1849, the Legislature established HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. S3 a board of School Fund Commissioners, and to that board was confided the selection, care and sale of these lands for the benefit of the School Fund. Until 1855, these Commissioners were subordinate to the Superinteudent of Public Instruction, but on the 15th of January of that year, they were clothed with exclusive authority in the management and sale of school lands. The office of School Fund Commissioner was abolished March 23, 1858, and that officer in each county was required to transfer all papers to and make full settlement with the County Judge. By this act. County Judges and Township Trustees were made the agents of the State to control and sell the sixteenth sections ; but no further provision was made for the sale of the 500,000 acre grant until April 3d, 1860, Avhen the entire management of the school lands was committed to the Boards of Supervisors of the several counties. II. THE SIXTEENTH SECTIONS. By the provisions of the act of Congress admitting Iowa to the Union, there was granted to the new State the sixteenth section in every township, or wliere that section had been sold, other lands of like amount for the use of schools. The Constitution of the State provides that the proceeds arising from the sale of these sections shall constitute a part of the permanent School Fund. The control and sale of these lands were vested in the School Fund Commissioners of the several counties until March 23, 1858, when they were transferred to the County Judges and Township Trustees, and were finally placed under the supervision of the County Boards of Supervisors in January, 1861. III. THE MORTGAGE SCHOOL LANDS. These do not belong to any of the grants of land proper. They are lands that have been mortgaged to the school fund, and became school lands when bid off by the State by virtue of a law passed in 1862. Under the provisions of the law regulating the management and investment of the permanent school fund, persons desiring loans from that fund are required to secure the payment thereof with interest at ten per cent, per annum, by promissory notes endorsed by two good sureties and by mortgage on unincumbered real estate, which must be situated in the county where the loan is made, and which must be valued by three appraisers. Making these loans and taking the required securities was made the duty of the County Auditor, who was required to report to the Board of Supervisors at each meeting thereof, all notes, mortgages and abstracts of title connected with the school fund, for examination. When default was made of payment of money so secured by mortgage, and no arrangement made for extension of time as the law provides, the°Board of Supervisors were authorized to bring suit and prosecute it with diligence to secure said fond; and in action in favor of the county for the use of the school fund, an injunction may issue without bonds, and in any such action, when service is made by publication, default and judgment may be entered and enforced without bonds. In case of sale of land on execution founded on any such mortgage, the attorney of the board, or other person duly authorized, shall, on behalf of the State or county for the use of said fund, bid such sum as the mterests of said fund may require, and if struck off to the State the land shall be held and disposed of as the otlier lands belonging to the fnnd. These lands are known as the Mortgage School Lands, and reports of them, including description and amount, are required to be made to the State Land Office. 84 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. IV. UNIVER'SITY LANDS. By act of Congress, July 20, 1840, a quantity of land not exceeding two fmtire townships was reserved in the Territory of Iowa for the use and support of a university within said Territory when it should become a State. This land was to be located in tracts of not less than an entire section, and could be used for no other purpose than that designated in the grant. In an act supplemental to that for the admission of Iowa, March 3, 1845, the grant was renewed, and it was provided that the lands should be used "solely for the purpose of such university, in such manner as the Legislature may prescribe." Under this grant there were set apart and approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, for the use of the State, the following lands : ACRES. In the Iowa City Land District, Feb. 26, 1849 20,150.49 In the Fairfield Land District, Oct. 17, 1849 9,685.20 In the Iowa City Land District, Jan. 28, 1850 2,571.81 In the Fairfield Land District, Sept. 10, 1850 3,198.20 In the Dubuque Laud District, May 19, 1852 10,552.24 Total 45,957.94 These lands were certified to the State November 19, 1859. The University lands are placed by law under the control and management of the Board of Trustees of the Iowa State University. Prior to 1865, there had been selected and located under 282 patents, 22,892 acres in sixteen counties, and 23,036 acres unpatented, making a total of 45,928 acres. V. — SALINE LANDS. By act of Congress, approved March 3, 1845, the State of Iowa was granted the use of the salt springs within her limits, not exceeding twelve. By a subsequent act, approved May 27, 1852, Congress granted the springs to the State in fee simple, together with six sections of land contiguous to each, to be disposed of as the Legislature might direct. In 1861, the proceeds of these lands then to be sold were constituted a fund for founding and support- ing a lunatic asylum, but no sales were made. In 1856, the proceeds of the saline lands were appropriated to the Insane Asylum, repealed in 1858. In 1860, the saline lands and funds were made a part of the permanent fund of the State University. These lands were located in Appanoose, Davis, Decatur, Lucas, Monroe, Van Buren and Wayne Counties. VI. — THE DES MOINES RIVER GRANT. By act of Congress, approved August 8, 1846, a grant of land was made for the improvement of the navigation of Des Moines Kiver, as follows : Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there be, and hereby is, granted to said Territory of Iowa, for the purpose of aiding said Territory to improve the navigation of the Des Moines River from its mouth to the Raccoon Fork (so called) in said Territory, one equal moiety, in alternate sections, of the public lands (remaining unsold and not otherwise disposed of, incumbered or appropri- ated), in a strip five miles in width on each side of said river, to be selected within said Terri- tory by an agent or agents to be appointed by the Governor thereof, subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the lands hereby granted shall not be conveyed or disposed of by said Territory, nor by any State to be formed out of the same, except as said improvement shall progress ; that is, the said Territory or State may sell so much of said lands as shall produce the sum of thirty thousand dollars, and then the sales shall cease until the Gov- ernor of saiil Territory or State shall certify the fact to the President of the United States that one-half of said sum has been expended upon said improvements, when the said Territory or HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 85 State may sell and convey a quantity of the residue of said lands sufficient to replace the amount expended, and thus the sales shall progress as the proceeds thereof shall be expended, and the fact of such expenditure shall be certified as aforesaid. Sec. 3. And be it further enacted. That the said River Des Moines shall be and forever remain a public highway for the use of the Government of the United States, free from any toll or other charge whatever, for any property of the United States or persons in their service passing through or along the same : Provided always, That it shall not be competent for the said Territory or future State of Iowa to dispose of said lands, or any of them, at a price lower than, for the time being, shall be the minimum price of other public lands. Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That whenever the Territory of Iowa shall be admitted into the Union as a State, the lands hereby granted for the above purpose shall be and become the property of said State for the purpose contemplated in this act, and for no other : Provided the Legislature of the State of Iowa shall accept the said grant for the said purpose." Approved Aug. 8, 1846. By joint resolution of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 9, 1847, the grant was accepted for the purpose specified. By another act, ap- proved February 24, 1847, entited "An act creating the Board of Public Works, and providing for the improvement of the Des Moines River," the Legislature provided for a Board consisting of a President, Secretary and Treasurer, to be elected by the people. This Board was elected August 2, 1847, and was organized on the 22d of September following. The same act defined the nature of the improvement to be made, and provided that the work should be paid for from the funds to be derived from the sale of lands to be sold by the Board. Agents appointed by the Governor selected the sections designated by "odd numbers" throughout the whole extent of the grant, and this selection was ap- proved by the Secretary of the Treasury. But there was a conflict of opinion as to the extent of the grant. It was held by some that it extended from the mouth of the Des Moines only to the Raccoon Forks ; others held, as the agents to make selection evidently did, that it extended from the mouth to the head waters of the river. Richard M. Young, Commissioner of the General Land Office, on the 23d of February, 1848, construed the grant to mean that " the State is entitled to the alternate sections within five miles of the Des Moines River, throughout the whole extent of that river within the limits of Iowa." Under this construction, the alternate sections above the Raccoon Forks Avould, of course, belong to the State; but on the 19th of June, 1848, some of these lands were, by proclamation, thrown into market. On the 18th of September, the Board of Public Works filed a remonstrance with the Com- missioner of the General Land Office. The Board also sent in a protest to the State Land Office, at which the sale was ordered to take place. On the 8th of January, 1849, the Senators and Representatives in Congress from Iowa also protested against the sale, in a communication to Hon. Robert J. Walker, Sec- retary of the Treasury, to which the Secretary replied, concurring in the opinion that the grant extended the whole length of the Des Moines River in Iowa. On the 1st of June, 1849, the Commissioner of the General Land Office directed the Register and Receiver of the Land Office at Iowa City "to with- hold from sale all lands situated in the odd numbered sections within five miles on each side of the Des Moines River abuve the Raccoon Forks." March 13, 1850, the Commissioner of the General Land Office submitted to the Secretary of the Interior a list "showing the tracts falling within the limits of the Des Moines River grant, above the Raccoon Forks, etc., under the decision of the Secretary of the Treasury, of March 2, 1849," and on the 6th of April following, Mr. Ewing, then Secretary of the Interior, reversed the decision of Secretary Walker, but ordered the lands to bo withheld from sale until Con- 86 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. gress could have an opportunity to pass an explanatory act. The Iowa author- ities. appealed from this decision to the President (Taylor), who referred the matter to the Attorney General (Mr. Johnson). On the 19th of July, Mr. Johnson submitted as his opinion, that by the terms of the grant itself, it ex- tended to the very source of the Des Moines, but before his opinion was pub- lished President Taylor died. When Mr. Tyler's cabinet was formed, the question was submitted to the new Attorney General (Mr. Crittenden), who, on the 30th of June, 1851, reported that in his opinion the grant did not extend above the Raccoon Forks. Mr. Stewart, Secretary of the Interior, concurred Avith Mr. Crittenden at first,- but subsequently consented to lay the Avhole sub- ject before the President and Cabinet, who decided in favor of the State. October 29, 1851, Mr. Stewart directed the Commissioner of the General Land Office to "submit for his approval such lists as had been prepared, and to proceed to report for like approval lists of the alternate sections claimed by the State of Iowa above the Raccoon Forks, as far as the surveys have progressed, or may hereafter be completed and returned." And on the following day, three lists of these lands were prepared in the General Land Office. The lands approved and certified to the State of Iowa under this grant, and all lying above the Raccoon Forks, are as follows : By Secretary Stewart, Oct. 30. 1851 81,707.93 acres. March 10, 1852 143,908.37 " By Secretary McLellan, Dec. 17, 1853 33,142.43 " Dec. 30, 1853 12,813.51 " Total 271,572.24 acres. The Commissioners and Register of the Des Moines River Improvement, in their report to the Governor, November 30, 1852, estimates the total amount of lands then available for the work, including those in possession of the State and those to be surveyed and approved, at nearly a million acres. The indebtedness then standing against the fund was about $108,000, and the Commissioners estimated the work to be done would cost about $1,200,000. January 19, 1853, the Legislature authorized the Commissioners to sell " any or all the lands which have or may hereafter be granted, for not less than $1,300,000." On the 24th of January, 1853, the General Assembly provided for the elec- tion of a Commissioner by the people, and appointed two Assistant Commission- ers, with authority to make a contract, selling the lands of the Improvement for $1,300,000. This new Board made a contract, June 9, 1855, with the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company, agreeing to sell all the lands donated to the State by Act of Congress of August 8, 1846, which the State had not sold prior to December 23, 1853, for $1,300,000, to be expended on the im- provement of the river, and in paying the indebtedness then due. This con- tract was duly reported to the Governor and General Assembly. By an act approved January 25, 1855, the Commissioner and Register of the Des Moines River Improvement were authorized to negotiate with the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company for the purchase of lands in Webster County which had been sold by the School Fund Commissioner as school lands, but which had been certified to the State as Des Moines River lands, and had, therefore, become the property of the Company, under the provisions of its contract with the State. March' 21, 1856, the old question of the extent of the grant was again raised and the Commissioner of the General Land Office decided th^ it was limited to HISTOKY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 87 the Raccoon Fork. Appeal was made to the Secretary of the Interior, and by him the matter was referred to the Attorney General, who decided that the grant extended to the northern boundary of the State; the State relinquished its claim to lands lying along the river in Minnesota, and the vexed question was supposed to be finally settled. The land which had been certified, as well as those extending to the north- ern boundary within the limits of the grant, were reserved from pre-emption and sale by the General Land Commissioner, to satisfy the grant of August 8, 1846, and they Avere treated as having passed to the State, which from time to time sold portions of them prior to their final transfer to the Des Moines Navi- igation & Raih'oad Company, applying the proceeds thereof to the improve- ment of the river in compliance with the terms of the grant. Prior to the final sale to the Company, June 9, 1854, the State had sold about 327,000 acres, of which amount 58,830 acres were located above the Raccoon Fork. The last certificate of the General Land Office bears date December 30, 1853. After June 9th, 1854, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company carried on the work under its contract with the State. As the improvement progressed, the State, from time to time, by its authorized officers, issued to the Company, in payment for said work, certificates for lands. But the General Land Office ceased to certify lands under the grant of 1846. The State had made no other provision for paying for the improvements, and disagree- ments and misunderstanding arose between the State authorities and the Company. March 22, 1858, a joint resolution was passed by the Legislature submitting a proposition for final settlement to the Company, which was accepted. The Com- pany paid to the State |20,000 in cash, and released and conveyed the dredge boat and materials named in the resolution ; and the State, on the 3d of May, 1858, executed to the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company fourteen deeds or patents to the lands, amounting to 256,703.64 acres. These deeds were intended to convey all the lands of this grant certified to the State by the Gen- eral Government not previously sold ; but, as if for the purpose of covering any tract or parcel that might have been omitted, the State made another deed of conveyance on the 18th day of May, 1858. These fifteen deeds, it is claimed, by the Company, convey 266,108 acres, of which about 53,367 are below the Raccoon Fork, and the balance, 212,741 acres, are above tliat point. Besides the lands deeded to the Company, the State had deeded to individual purchasers 58,830 acres above the Raccoon Fork, making an aggregate of 271,- 571 acres, deeded above the Fork, all of which had been certified to the State by the Federal Government. By act approved March 28, 1858, the Legislature donated the remainder of the grant to the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines & Minnesota Railroad Company, upon condition that said Company assumed all liabilities resulting from the Des Moines River improvement operations, reserving 50,000 acres of the land in security for the payment thereof, and for the completion of the locks and dams at Bentonsport, Croton, Keosauqua and Plymouth. For every three thousand dollars' worth of work done on the locks and dams, and for every three thousand dollars paid by the Company of the liabilities above mentioned, the Register of the State Land Office was instructed to certify to the Company 1,000 acres of the 50,000 acres reserved for these purposes. Up to 1865, there had been pre- sented by the Company, under the provisions of the act of 1858, and allowed, claims amounting to $109,579.37, about seventy-five per cent, of Avhich had been settled. 88 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. After the passage of the Act above noticed, the question of tho extent of tlio original grant Avas again mooted, and at the December Term of the Supreme Court of the United States, in 1859-00, a decision was rendered declaring that tlie grant did not extend above Raccoon Fork, and that all certificates of land ahrD-n the Fork had been issued without authority of law and were, therefore, void (see 23 How., QQ). The State of Iowa had disposed of a large amount of land without autliority, according to this decision, and appeal was made to Congress for relief, which was granted on the 3d day of March, 1861, in a joint resolution relinquishing to the State all the title which the United States then still retained in the tracts of land along the Des Moines River above Raccoon Fork, that had been im- properly certified to the State by the Department of the Interior, and Avhich is now held by bona fide purchasers under the State of Iowa. In confirmation of this relinquishment, bj act approved July 12, 1862, Congress enacted : That the grant of lands to the then Territory of Iowa for the improvement of the Des Jloines River, made by the act of August 8, 1846, is hereby extended so as to include the alternate sec- tions (designated by odd numbers) lying within five miles of said river, between the Raccoon Fork and the northern boundary of said State ; such lands are to be held and applied in accord- ance with the provisions of the original grant, except that the consent of Congress is hereby given to the application of a portion thereof to aid in the construction of the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines & Minnesota Railroad, in accordance with the provisions of the act of the General Assembly of the State of Iowa, approved March 22, 1858. And if any of the said lands shall have been sold or otherwise disposed of by the United States before the passage of this act, except those released by the United States to the grantees of the State of Iowa, under joint resolution of March 3, 1861, the Secretary of the Interior is hereby directed to set apart an equal amount of lands within said State to be certified in lieu thereof; Provided, that if the State shall have sold and conveyed any portion of the lands lying within the limits of the grant the title of which has proved invalid, any lands which shall be certified to said State in lieu thereof by virtue of the provisions of this act, shall inure to and be held as a tfust fund for the benefit of the person or persons, respect- ively, whose titles shall have failed as aforesaid. The grant of lands by the above act of Congress was accepted by a joint resolution of the General Assembly, September 11, 1862, in extra session. On the same day, the Governor was authorized to appoint one or more Commis- sioners to select the lands in accordance with the grant. These Commissioners were instructed to report their selections to the Registrar of the State Land OflBce. The lands so selected were to be held for the purposes of the grant, and were not to be disposed of until further legislation should be had. D. W. Kil- burne, of Lee County, was appointed Commissioner, and, on the 25th day of April, 1864, the General Land Officer authorized the selection of 300,000 acres from the vacant public lands as a part of the grant of July 12, 1862, and the selections were made in the Fort Dodge and Sioux City Land Districts. Many difficulties, controversies and conflicts, in relation to claims and titles, grew out of this grant, and these difficulties were enhanced by the uncertainty of its limits until the act of Congress of July, 1862. But the General Assem- bly sought, by wise and appropriate legislation, to protect the integrity of titles derived from the State. Especially was the determination to protect the actual settlers, who liad paid their money and made improvements prior to the final settlement of the limits of the grant by Congress. VII. — THE DES MOINES RIVER SCHOOL LANDS. These lands constituted a part of the 500,000 acre grant made by Congress in 1841 ; including 28,378.46 acres in Webster County, selected by the Agent of the State under tliat grant, and approved by the Commissioner of the General Liind Office February 20, 1851. They were ordered into the market June 6, HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 8d_ 1853, by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, who authorized John ToL man. School Fund Commissioner for Webster County, to sell them as school lands. Subsequently, when the act of 1846 was construed to extend the Des Moines River grant above Raccoon Foi'k, it was held that the odd numbered sections of these lands within five miles of the river were appropriated by that act, and on the 30th day of December, 1853, 12,813.51 acres were set apart and approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior, as a part of the Des Moines River grant. January 6, 1854, the Commissioner of the General Land Office transmitted to the Superintendent of Public Instruction a certified copy of the lists of these lands, indorsed by the Secretary of the Interior, Prior to this action of the Department, however, Mr. Tolman had sold to indi- vidual purchasers 3,194.28 acres as school lands, and their titles were, of course, killed. For their relief, an act, approved April 2, 1860, provided that, upon application and proper showing, these purchasers should be entitled to draw from the State Treasury the amount they had paid, with 10 per cent, interest, on the contract to purchase made with Mr. Tolman. Under this act, five appli- cations were made prior to 1864, and the applicants received, in the aggregate, $949.53. By an act approved April 7, 1862, the Governor was forbidden to issue to the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad Company any certificate of the completion of any part of said road, or any conveyance of lauds, until the company should execute and file, in the State Land Office, a release of its claim — first, to cer- tain swamp lands; second, to the Des Moines River Lands sold by Tolman; third, to certain other river lands. That act provided that " the said company shall transfer their interest in those tracts of land in Webster and Hamilton Counties heretofore sold by John Tolman, School Fund Commissioner, to the Register of the State Land Office in trust, to enable said Register to carry out and perform said contracts in all cases when he is called upon by the parties interested to do so, before the 1st day of January, A. D. 1864. The company filed its release to the Tolman lands, in tlie Land Office, Feb- ruary 27, 1864, at the same time entered its protest that it hud no claim upon them, never had pretended to have, and had never sought to claim them. The Register of the State Land Office, under the advice of the Attorney General, decided that patents would be issued to the Tolman purchasers in all cases where contracts had been made prior to December 23, 1853, and remaining uncanceled under the act of i860. But before any were issued, on the 27th of August, 1864, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company commenced a suit in chancery, in the District Court of Polk County, to enjoin the issue of such patents. On the 30th of August, an ex pa7-te injunction was issued. In January, 1868, Mr. J. A. Harvey, Register of the Land Office, filed in the court an elaborate answer to plaintiffs' petition, denying that the company had any right to or title in the lands. Mr. Harvey's successor, Mr. C. C. Carpen- ter, filed a still more exhaustive answer February 10, 1868. August 3, 1868, the District Court dissolved the injunction. The company appealed to the Supreme Court, where the decision of the lower court was affirmed in December, 1869. VIII. — SWAMP LAND GRANT. By an act of Congress, approved March 28, 1850, to enable Arkansas and other States to reclaim swampy lands within their limits, granted all the swamp and overflowed lands remaining unsold within their respective limits to the several States. Although the total amount claimed by Iowa under this act 90 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. does not exceed 4,000,000 acres, it has, like the Des Moines River and some of the land grants, cost the State considerable trouble and expense, and required a deal of legislation. The State expended large sums of money in making the selections, securing proofs, etc., but the General Government appeared to be laboring under the impression that Iowa was not acting in good faith ; that she had selected a large amount of lands under the swamp land grant, transferred her interest to counties, and counties to private speculators, and the General Land Office permitted contests as to the character of the lands already selected by the Agents of the State as "swamp lands." Congress, by joint resolution Dec. 18, 1856, and by act March 3, 1857, saved the State from the ftital result of this ruinous policy. Many of these lands were selected in 1854 and 1855, immediately after several remarkably wet seasons, and it was but natural that some portions of the selections would not appear swampy after a few dry seasons. Some time after these first selections were made, persons desired to enter parcels of the so-called swamp lands and offering to prove them to be dry. In such cases the General Land Office ordered hearing before the local land officers, and if they decided the land to be dry, it was permitted to be entered and the claim of the State rejected. Speculators took advantage of this. Affidavits Avere bought of irresponsible and reckless men, who, for a few dollars, would confidently testify to the character of lands they never saw. These applica- tions multiplied until they covered 3,000,000 acres. It was necessary that Congress should confirm all these selections to the State, that this gigantic scheme of fraud and plunder might be stopped. The act of Congress of March 3, 1857, was designed to accomplish this purpose. But the Commis- sioner of the General Land Office held that it Avas only a qualified confirma- tion, and under this construction sought to sustain the action of the Department in rejecting the claim of the State, and certifying them under act of May 15, 1856, under which the railroad companies claimed all swamp land in odd num- bered sections within the limits of their respective roads. This action led to serious complications. When the railroad grant was made, it was not intended nor was it understood that it included any of the swamp lands. These were already disposed of by previous grant. Nor did the companies expect to receive any of them, but under the decisions of the Department adverse to the State the way was opened, and they were not slow to enter their claims. March 4, 1862, the Attorney General of the State submitted to the General Assembly an opinion that the railroad companies were not entitled even to contest the right of the State to these lands, under the swamp land grant. A letter from the Acting Commissioner of the General Land Office expressed the same opinion, and the General Assembly by joint resolution, approved April 7, 1862, expressly repudiated the acts of the railroad companies, and disclaimed any intention to claim these lands under any other than the act of Congress of Sept. 28, 1850. A great deal of legislation has been found necessary in rela- tion to these swamp lands. IX. — THE RAILROAD GRANT. One of the most important grants of public lands to Iowa for purposes of internal improvement was that known as tlie "llailroad Grant," by act of Congress approved May 15, 1856. This act granted to tlie State of Iowa, for the purpose of aiding in the construction of railroads from Burlington, on the Mississippi River, to a point on the Missouri River, near the mouth of Platte River ; from the city of Davenport, via Iowa City and Fort Des Moines to HISTOUY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 91 Council BluiFs ; from Lyons City northwesterly to a point of intersection with the main line of the Iowa Central Air Line Railroad, near Maquoketa ; thence on said main line, running as near as practicable to the Forty-second Parallel ; across the said State of Iowa to the Missouri River ; from the city of Dubuque to a point on the Missouri River, near Sioux City, with a branch from the mouth of the Tete des Morts, to the nearest point on said road, to be com- pleted as soon as the main road is completed to that point, every alternate section of land, designated by odd numbers, for six sections in width on each side of said roads. It was also provided that if it shduld appear, when the lines of those roads were definitely fixed, that the United States had sold, or right of pre- emption had attached to any portion of said land, the State was authorized to select a quantity equal thereto, in alternate sections, or parts of sections, within fifteen miles of the lines so located. The lands remaining to the United States within six miles on each side of said roads were not to be sold for less than the double minimum price of the public lands when sold, nor were any of said lands to become subject to private entry until they had been first offered at public sale at the increased price. Section 4 of the act provided that the lands granted to said State shall be disposed of by said State only in the manner following, that is to say : that a quantity of land not exceeding one hundred and twenty sections for each of said roads, and included within a continuous length of twenty miles of each of said roads, may be sold ; and when the Governor of said State shall certify to the Secretary of the Interior that any twenty continuous miles of any of said roads is completed, then another quantity of land hereby granted, not to exceed one hundred and twenty sections for each of said roads having twenty continuous miles completed as aforesaid, and included within a continuous length of tAventy miles of each of such roads, may be sold ; and so from time to time until said roads are completed, and if any of said roads are not completed within ten years, no further sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the United States." * At a special session of the General Assembly of Iowa, by act approved July 14, 1856, the grant was accepted and the lands were granted by the State to the several railroad companies named, provided that the lines of their respective roads should be definitely fixed and located before April 1, 1857 ; and pro- vided further, that if either of said companies should fail to have seventy-five miles of road completed and equipped by the 1st day of December, 1859, and its entire road completed by December 1, 1865, it should be competent for the State of Iowa to resume all rights to lands remaining undisposed of by the company so failing. The railroad companies, with the single exception of the Iowa Central Air Line, accepted the several grants in accordance with the provisions of the above act, located their respective roads and selected their lands. The grant to the Iowa Central was again granted to the Cedar Rapids & Missouri River Railroad Company, which accepted them. By act, approved April 7, 1862, the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad Com- pany was required to execute a release to the State of certain swamp and school lands, included within the limits of its grant, in compensation for an extension of the time fixed for the completion of its road. A careful examination of the act of Congress does not reveal any special reference to railroad companies. The lands were granted to the State, and the act evidently contemplate the sale of them b^/ the State, and the appropriation of the proceeds to aid in the construction of certain lines of railroad within its 92 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. limits. Section 4 of the act clearly defines the authority of the State in dis- posing of the lands. Lists of all the lands eqibraced by the grant were made, and certified to the State by the proper authorities. Under an act of Congress approved August 3, 1854:, entitled ^'An act to vest in the several States and Territories the title in fee of the lands tvhich have been or may he certified to them,'' these certified lists, the originals of which are filed in the General Land Office, conveyed to Xlia State "the fee simple title to all the lands embraced in such lists that are of the char- acter contemplated " by the terms "bf the act making the grant, and "intended to be granted thereby ; but where lands embraced in such lists are not of the character embraced by such act of Congress, and were not intended to be granted thereby, said lists, so far as these lands are concerned, shall be perfectly null and void; and no right, title, claim or interest shall be conveyed thereby." Those certified lists made under the act of May 15, 1856, were forty-three in number, viz.: For the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad, nine ; for the Mississippi &• Missouri Railroad, 11; for the Iowa Central Air Line, thirteen; and for the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, ten. The lands thus approved to the State were as follows : Burlington & Missouri Elver R. R 287,005.34 acres. Mississippi & Missouri River R. R 774,074.36 " Cedar Rapids & Missouri River R. R 775,454.19 " Dubuque & Sioux City R. R 1,226,558.32 '« A portion of these had been selected as swamp lands by the State, under the act of September 28, 1850, and these, by the terms of the act of August 3, 1854, could not be turned over to the railroads unless the claim of the State to them as swamp was first rejected. It was not possible to determine from the records of the State Land Office the extent of the conflicting claims arising under the two grants, as copies of the swamp land selections in some of the counties were not filed of record. The Commissioner of the General Land Office, however, prepared lists of the lands claimed by the State as swamp under act of September 28, 1850, and also claimed by the railroad companies under act of May 15, 1856, amounting to 553,293.33 acres, the claim to which as swamp had been rejected by the Department. These were consequently certified to the State as railroad lands. There was no mode other than the act of July, 1856, prescribed for transferring the title to these lands from the State to the companies. The courts had decided that, for the purposes of the grant, the lands belonged to the State, and to her the companies should look for their titles. It was generally accepted that the act of the Legislature of July, 1856, was all that was neces- sary to complete the transfer of title. It was assumed that all the rights and powers conferred upon the State by the act of Congress of May 14, 1856, were by the act of the General Assembly transferred to the companies ; in other words, that it was designed to put the companies in the place of the State as the grantees from Congress — and, therefore, that which perfected the title thereto to the State perfected the title to the companies by virtue of the act of July, 1856. One of the companies, however, the Burlington & Missouri River Rail- road Company, was not entirely satisfied with this construction. Its managers thought that some further and specific action of the State authorities in addition to the act of the Legislature was necessary to complete their title. This induced Gov. Lowe to attach to the certified lists his official certificate, under the broad seal of the State. On the 0th of November, 1859, the Governor thus certified to them (commencing at the Missouri River) 187,207.44 acres, and December 27th, 43,775.70 acres, an aggregate of 231,073.14 acres. These were the only HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 93 lands under the grant that were certified by the State authorities with any design of perfecting the title already vested in the company by the act of July, 185G. The lists which Avere afterward furnished to the company were simply certified by the Governor as being correct copies of the lists received by the State from the United States General Land Office. These subsequent lists embraced lands that had been claimed by the State under the Swamp Land Grant. It was urged against the claim of the Companies that the effect of the act of the Legislature was simply to substitute them for the State as parties to the grant. 1st. That the lands were granted to the State to be held in trust for the accomplishment of a specific purpose, and therefore the State could not part with the title until that purpose should have been accomplished. 2d. That it was not the intention of the act of July 14, 1856, to deprive the State of the con- trol of the lands, but on the contrary that she should retain supervision of them and the right to withdraw all rights and powers and resume the title condition- ally conferred by that act upon the companies in the event of their failure to complete their part of the contract. 3d. That the certified lists from the Gen- eral Land Office vested the title in the State only by virtue of the act of Con- gress approved August 3, 1854. The State Land Office held that the proper construction of the act of July 14, 1856, when accepted by the companies, was that it became a conditional contract that might ripen into a positive sale of the lands as from time to time the work should progress, and as the State thereby became authorized by the express terms of the grant to sell them. This appears to have been the correct construction of the act, but by a sub- sequent act of Congress, approved June 2, 1864, amending the act of 1856, the terms of the grant were changed, and numerous controversies arose between the companies and the State. The ostensible purpose of this additional act was to allow the Davenport k Council Bluffs Railroad " to modify or change the location of the uncompleted portion of its line," to run through the town of Newton, Jasper County, or as nearly as practicable to that point. The original grant had been made to the State to aid in the construction of railroads Avithin its limits and not to the com- panies, but Congress, in 1864, appears to have been utterly ignorant of what had been done under the act of 1856, or, if not, to have utterly disregarded it. The State had accepted the original grant. The Secretary of the Interior had already certified to the State all the lands intended to be included in the grant within fifteen miles of the lines of the several railroads. It will be remembered that Section 4, of the act of May 15, 1856, specifies the manner of sale of these lands from time to time as work on the railroads should progress, and also provided that "if any of said roads are not completed within ten years, no fur- ther sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the United States.'" Having vested the title to these lands in trust, in the State of Iowa, it is plain that until the expiration of the ten years there could be no reversion, and the State, not the United States, must control them until the grant should expire by limitation. The United States authorities could not rightfully require the Secretary of the Interior to certify directly to the companies any portion of the lands already certified to the State. And yet Congress, by its act of June 2, 1864, provided that whenever the Davenport & Council Bluffs Railroad Com- pany should file in the General Land Office at Washington a map definitely showing such new location, the Seci-etary of the Interior should cause to be cer- tified and conveyed to said Company, from time to time, as the road progressed, out of any of the lands belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved, or 94 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. otherwise disposed of, or to which a pre-emption claim or right of homestead had not attached, and on which a bona fide settlement and improvement had not been made under color of title derived from the United States or from the State of Iowa, within six miles of such newly located line, an amount of land per mile equal to that originally authorized to be granted to aid in the construction of said road by the act to which this was an amendment. The term " out of any lands belonging to the United States, not sold, re- served or otherwise disposed of, etc.," would seem to indicate that Congress did intend to grant lands already granted, but when it declared that the Company should have an amount per mile equal to that originally autJiorized to be granted, it is plain that the framers of the bill were ignorant of the real terms of the original grant, or that they designed that the United States should resume the title it had already parted with two years before the lands could revert to the United States under the original act, which was not repealed. A similar change was made in relation to the Cedar Rapids & Missouri Railroad, and dictated the conveyance of lands in a similar manner. Like provision was made for the Dubuque k Sioux City Railroad, and the Company was permitted to change the location of its line between Fort Dodge and Sioux City, so as to secure the best route between those points ; but this change of location was not to impair the right to the land granted in the orig- inal act, nor did it change the location of those lands. By the same act, the Mississippi & jMissouri Railroad Company was author- ized to transfer and assign all or any part of the grant to any other company or person, " if, in the opinion of said Company, the construction of said railroad across the State of Iowa would be thereby sooner and more satisfactorily com- pleted ; but such assignee should not in any case be released from the liabilities and conditions accompanying this grant, nor acquire perfect title in any other manner than the same would have been acquired by the original grantee." Still further, the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad was not forgotten, and was, by the same act, empowered to receive an amount of land per mile equal to that mentioned in the original act, and if that could not be found within the limits of six miles from the line of said road, then such selection might be made along such line within twenty miles thereof out of any public lands belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved or otherwise disposed of, or to which a pre-emption claim or right of homestead had not attached. Those acts of Congress, which evidently originated in the "lobby," occa- sioned much controversy and trouble. The Department of the Interior, how- ever, recognizing the fact that when the Secretary had certified the lands to the State, under the act of 1856, that act divested the United States of title, under the vesting act of August, 1854, refused to review its action, and also refused to order any and all investigations for establishing adverse claims (except in pre-emption cases), on the ground that the United States had parted with the title, and, therefore, could exercise no control over the land. May 12, 1864, before the passage of the amendatory act above described, Congress granted to the State of Iowa, to aid in the construction of a railroad from McGregor to Sioux City, and for the benefit of the McGregor Western Railroad Company, every alternate section of land, designated by odd numbers, for ten sections in width on each side of the proposed road, reserving the right to substitute other lands whenever it was found that the grant infringed upon pre-empted lands, or on lands that had been reserved or disposed of for any other purpose. In such cases, the Secretary of the Interior was instructed to select, in lieu, lands belonging to the United States lying nearest to the limits specified. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 95 X. — AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM LANDS. An Agricultural College and Model Farm was established by act of the General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. By the eleventh section of the act, the proceeds of the five-section grant made for the purpose of aiding in the erection of public buildings was appropriated, subject to the approval of Con- gress, together with all lands that Congress might thereafter grant to the State for the purpose, for the benefit of the institution. On the 23d of March, by joint resolution, the Legislature asked the consent of Congress to the proposed transfer. By act approved July 11, 1862, Congress removed the restrictions imposed in the "five-section grant," and authorized the General Assembly to make such disposition of the lands as should be deemed best for the interests of the State. By these several acts, the five sections of land in Jasper County certified to the State to aid in the erection of public buildings under the act of March 3, 1845, entitled " An act supplemental to the act for the admission of the States of Iowa and Florida into the Union," were fully appropriated for the benefit of the Iowa Agricultural College and Farm. The institution is located in Story County. Seven hundred and twenty-one acres in that and two hundred in Boone County were donated to it by individuals interested in the success of the enterprise. By act of Congress approved July 2, 1862, an appropriation was made to each State and Territory of 30,000 acres for each Senator and Representative in Congress, to which, by the apportionment under the census of 1860, they were respectively entitled. This grant was made for the purpose of endowing colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts. Iowa accepted this grant by an act passed at an extra session of its Legis- lature, approved September 11, 1862, entitled "An act to accept of the grant, and carry into execution the trust conferred upon the State of Iowa by an act of Congress entitled ' An act granting public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts,' approved July 2, 1862." This act made it the duty of the Governor to appoint an agent to select and locate the lands, and provided that none should be selected that were claimed by any county as swamp lands. The agent was required to make report of his doings to the Governor, who was instructed to submit the list of selections to the Board of Trustees of the Agricultural College for their approval. One thousand dollars were appro- priated to carry the law into effect. The State, having two Senators and six Representatives in Congress, was entitled to 240,000 acres of land under this grant, for the purpose of establishing and maintaining an Agricultural College. Peter Melendy, Esq., of Black Hawk County, was appointed to make the selec- tions, and during August, Septembe-r and December, 1863, located them in the Fort Dodge, Des Moines and Sioux City Land Districts. December 8, 1864, these selections were certified by the Commissioner of the General Land Office, and were approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior December 13, 1864. The title to these lands was vested in the State in fee simple, and con- flicted with no other claims under other grants. The agricultural lands were approved to the State as 240,000.96 acres ; but as 35,691.66 acres were located within railroad limits, which were computed at the rate of two acres for one, the actual amount of land approved to the State under this grant was only 204,309.30 acres, located as follows: In Des Moines Land District 6,804.96 acres. In Sioux City Land District 59.025.37 " In Fort Dodge Land District 138,478.97 «' 96 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. By act of the General Assembly, approved March 29, 1864, entitled, " An act authorizing the Trustees of the Iowa State Agricultural College and Farm to sell all lands acquired, granted, donated or appropriated for the benefit of said college, and to make an investment of the proceeds thereof," all these lands were granted to the Agricultural College and Farm, and the Trustees were au- thorized to take possession, and sell or lease them. They were then, under the control of the Trustees, lands as follows : Under the act of July 2, 1852 204,309.30 acres. Of the five-section grant 3.200.00 " Lands donated in Story County 721.00 " Lands donated in Boone County 200.00 '< Total 208,430.30 acres. The Trustees opened an office at Fort Dodge, and appointed Hon. G. W* Bassett their agent for the sale of these lands. THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The germ of the free public school system of Iowa, which now ranks sec- ond to none in the United States, was planted by the first settlers. They had migrated to the " The Beautiful Land " from other and older States, where the common school system had been tested by many years' experience, bringing with them some knowledge of its advantages, which they determined should be enjoyed by the children of the land of their adoption. The system thus planted was expanded and improved in the broad fields of the West, until now it is justly considered one of the most complete, comprehensive and liberal in the country. Nor is this to be wondered at when it is remembered humble log school houses were built almost as soon as the log cabin of the earliest settlers were occupied by their brave builders. In the lead mining regions of the State, the first to be occupied by the white race, the hardy pioneers provided the means for the education of their children even before they had comfortable dwellings for their families. School teachers were among the first immigrants to Iowa. Wherever a little settlement was made, the school house was the first united public act of the settlers; and the rude, primitive structures of the early time only disappeared when the communities had increased in population and wealth, and were able to replace them with more commodious and comfortable buildings. Perhaps in no single instance has the magnificent progress of the State of Iowa been more marked and rapid than in her common school system and in her school houses, which, long since, superseded the log cabins of the first settlers. To- day, the school houses which everywhere dot the broad and fertile prairies of Iowa are unsurpassed by those of any other State in the great Union. More especially is this true in all her cities and villages, where liberal and lavish appropriations have been voted, by a generous people, for the erection of large, commodious and elegant buildings, furnished with all the modern improvements, and co.sting from ^10,000 to $60,000 each. The people of the State have ex- pended more than $10,000,000 for the erection of public school buildings. ;. The first house erected in Iowa was a log cabin at Dubuque, built by James L. Langworthy and a few other miners, in the Autumn of 18o3. When it was completed, George Cabbage was employed as teacher during the Winter of 1833-4, and thirty-five pupils attended his school. Barrett Whittemore taught the second term with twenty-five pupils in attendance. Mrs. Caroline Dexter HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 97 commenced teaching in Dubuque in March, 1836. She was the first female teacher there, and probably the first in Iowa. In 1839, Thomas H. Benton, Jr., afterward for ten years Superintendent of Public Instruction, opened an English and classical school in Dubuque. The first tax for the support of schools at Dubuque was levied in 1840. Among the first buildings erected at Burlington was a commodious log school house in 1834, in which Mr. Johnson Pierson taught the first school in the Winter of 1834-5. The first school in Muscatine County was taught by George Bumgardner, in the Spring of 1837, and in 1839, a log school house was erected in Musca- tine, which served for a long time for school house, church and public hall. The first school in Davenport was taught in 1838. In Fairfield, Miss Clarissa Sawyer, James F. Chambers and Mrs. Reed taught school in 1839. When the site of Iowa City was selected as the capital of the Territory of Iowa, in May, 1839, it was a perfect wilderness. The first sale of lots took place August 18, 1839, and before January 1, 1840, about twenty families had settled within the limits of the town ; and during the same year, Mr. Jesse Berry opened a school in a small frame building he had erected, on what is now College street. The first settlement in Monroe County was made in 1843, by Mr. John R. Gray, about two miles from the present site of Eddyville; and in the Summer of 1844, a log school house was built by Gray, William V. Beedle, C. Renfro, Joseph McMullen and Willou'ghby Randolph, and the first school was opened by Miss Urania Adams. The building Avas occupied for school purposes for nearly ten years. About a year after the first cabin was built at Oskal©osa, a log school house was built, in which school was opened by Samuel W. Caldwell in 1844. At Fort Des Moines, now the capital of the State, the first school was taught by Lewis Whitten, Clerk of the District Court in the Winter of 1846-7, in one of the rooms on " Coon Row," built for barracks. The first school in Pottawattomie County was opened by George Green, a Mormon, at Council Point, prior to 1849 ; and until about 1854, nearly, if not quite, all the teachers in that vicinity were Mormons. The first school in Decorah was taught in 1853, by T. W. Burdick, then a young man of seventeen. In Osceola, the first school was opened by Mr. D. W. Scoville. The first school at Fort Dodge was taught in 1855, by Cyrus C. Carpenter, since Governor of the State. In Crawford County, the first school house was built in Mason's Grove, in 1856, and Morris McHenry first occupied it as teacher. During the first twenty years of the history of Iowa, the log school house pre- vailed, and in 1861, there were 893 of these primitive structures in use for school purposes in the State. Since that time they have been gradually dis- appearing. In 1865, there were 796; in 1870, 336, and in 1875, 121. loAva Territory was created July 3, 1838. January 1, 1839, the Territorial Legislature passed an act providing that " there shall be established a C(jmmon school, or schools in each of the counties in this Territory, which shall be open and free for every class of white citizens between the ages of five and twenty-one years." The second section of the act provided that " the County Board shall, from time to time, form such districts in their respective counties whenever a petition may be presented for the purpose by a majority of the voters resident within such contemplated district." These districts were gov- erned by boards of trustees, usually of three persons ; each district was required 7 • 98 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. to maintain scliool at least three inuuths in every year ; and later, laws were enacted providing for county scliool taxes for the payment of teachers, and that whatever additional sura might be required should be assessed upon the parents sending, in proportion to the length of time sent. When Iowa Territory became a State, in 1846, with a population of 100,- 000, and with 20,000 scholars within its limits, about four hundred school dis- tricts had been organized. In 1850, there were 1,200, and in 1857, the number had increased to 3,265. In March, 1858, upon the recommendation of Hon. M. L. Fisher, then Su- perintendent of Public Instruction, the Seventh General Assembly enacted that " each civil township is declared a school district," and provided that these should be divided into sub-districts. This law went into force March 20, 1858, and reduced the number of school districts from about 3,500 to less than 900. This change of school organization resulted in a very material reduction of the expenditures for the compensation of District Secretaries and Treasurers. An effort was made for several years, from 1867 to 1872, to abolish the sub- district system. Mr. Kissell, Superintendent, recommended, in his report of January 1, 1872, and Governor Merrill forcibly endorsed his views in his annual message. But the Legislature of that year provided for the formation of inde- pendent districts from the sub-districts of district townships. The system of graded schools was inaugurated in 1849 ; and new schools, in which more than one teacher is employed, are universally graded. The first official mention of Teachers' Institutes in the educational records of Iowa occurs in the annual report of Hon. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., made December 2, 1850, who said, "An institution of this character was organized a few years ago, composed of the teachers of the mineral regions of Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa. An association of teachers has, also, been formed in the county of Henry, and an effort was made in October last to organize a regular institute in the county of Jones." At that time — although the beneficial influence of these institutes was admitted, it was urged that the expenses of attending them was greater than teachers with limited compensation were able to bear. 'Vo obviate this objection, Mr. Benton recommended that '' the sum of $150 should be appropriated annually for three years, to be drawn in install- ments of $50 each by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and expended for these institutions." He proposed that three institutes should be held annu- ally at points to be designated by the Superintendent. No legislation in this direction, however, was had until March, 1858, when an act was passed authorizing the holding of teachers' institutes for periods not less than six working days, whenever not less than thirty teachers should desire. The Superintendent was authorized to expend not exceeding $100 for any one institute, to be paid out by the County Superintendent as the institute might direct for teachers and lecturers, and one thousand dollars was appropriated to defray the expenses of these institutes. Decem])er 6, 1858, Mr. Fisher reported to the Board of Education that institutes had been appointed in twenty counties within the preceding six months, and more woidd have been, but the appropriation had been exhausted. The Board of Education at its first session, commencing December 6, 1858, enacted a code of school laws which retained the existing provisions for teachers' institutes. In March, 1860, the General Assembly amended the act of the Board by appropriating " a sum not exceeding fifty dollars annually for one such institute, held as provided by law in each county." HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 99 In 1865, Mr. Faville reported that " the provision made by the State for the benefit of teachers' institutes has never been so fully appreciated, both by the people and the teachers, as during the last two years." By act approved March 19, 1874, Normal Institutes were established in each county, to be held annually by the County Superintendent. This was regarded as a very decided step in advance by Mr. Abernethy, and in 1876 the Sixteenth General Assembly established the first permanent State Normal School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, appropriating the building and property of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place for that purpose. This school is now " in the full tide of successful experiment." The public school system of Iowa is admirably organized, and if the various officers who are entrusted with the educational interests of the commonwealth are faithful and competent, should and will constantly improve. " The public schools are supported by funds arising from several sources. The sixteenth section of every Congressional Township was set apart by the General Government for school purposes, being one-thirty-sixth part of all the lands of the State. The minimum price of these lands was fixed at one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre. Congress also made an additional donation to the State of five hundred thousand acres, and an appropriation of five per cent. on all the sales of public lands to the school fund. The State gives to this fund the proceeds of the sales of all lands which escheat to it ; the proceeds of all fines for the violation of the liquor and criminal laws. The money derived from these sources constitutes the permanent school fund of the State, which cannot be diverted to any other purpose. The penalties collected by the courts for fines and forfeitures go to the school fund in the counties where collected. The proceeds of the sale of lands and the five per cent, fund go into the State Treasury, and the State distributes these proceeds to the several counties accord- ing to their request, and the counties loan the money to individuals for long terms at eight per cent, interest, on security of land valued at three times the amount of the loan, exclusive of all buildings and improvements thereon. The interest on these loans is paid into the State Treasury, and becomes the avail- able school fund of the State. The counties are responsible to the State for all money so loaned, and the State is likewise responsible to the school fund for all moneys transferred to the counties. The interest on these loans is apportioned by the State Auditor semi-annually to the several counties of the State, in pro- portion to the number of persons between the ages of five and twenty-one years. The counties also levy an annual tax for school purposes, which is apportioned to the several district townships in the same way. A district tax is also levied for the same purpose. The money arising from these several sources constitutes the support of the public schools, and is sufficient to enable every sub-district in the State to afibrd from six to nine months' school each year." The taxes levied for the support of schools are self-imposed. Under the admirable school laws of the State, no taxes can be legally assessed or collected for the erection of school houses until they have been ordered by the election of the district at a school meeting legally called. The school houses of Iowa are the pride of the State and an honor to the people. If they have been some- times built at a prodigal expense, the tax payers have no one to blame but themselves. The teachers' and contingent funds are determined by the Board of Directors under certain legal restrictions. These boards are elected annually, except in the independent districts, in which the board may be entirely changed every three years. lOQ ** HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. POLITICAL RECORD. TERRITORIAL OFFICERS. Governors — Robert Lucas, 1838-41 ; John Chambers, 1841-45 ; James Clarke, 1845. Secretaries — William B. Conway, 1838, died 1839 ; James Clarke, 1839 ; 0. H. W. Stull, 1841 ; Samuel J. Burr, 1843 ; Jesse Williams, 1845. Auditors— Jesse Williams, 1840; Wm. L. Gilbert, 1843- Robert M. Secrest, 1845. Treasurers — Thornton Bayliss, 1839 ; Morgan Reno, 1840. Judges — Charles Mason, Chief Justice, 1838 ; Joseph Williams, 1838 ; Thomas S. Wilson, 1838. Presidents of Council — Jesse B. Browne, 1838-'J ; Stephen Hempstead, 1839-40; M. Bainridge, 1840-1; Jonathan W. Parker, 1841-2; John D. Elbert, 1842-3 ; Thomas Cox, 1843-4 ; S. Clinton Hastings, 1845 ; Stephen Hempstead, 1845-6. Speakers of the House — William H. Wallace, 1838-9 ; Edward Johnston, 1839-40 ; Thomas Cox, 1840-1 ; Warner Lewis, 1841-2 ; James M. Morgan, 1842-3 ; James P. Carleton, 1843-4 ; James M. Morgan, 1845 ; George W. McCleary, 1845-6. First Co7istitutional Convention, ISIflf, — Shepherd Leffler, President ; Geo. S. Hampton, Secretary. Second Constitutional Convention, 18Jf6 — Enos Lowe, President ; William Thompson, Secretary. OFFICERS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT. Governors — Ansel Briggs, 1846 to 1850; Stephen Hempstead, 1850 to 1854; James W. Grimes, 1854 to 1858; Ralph P. Lowe, 1858 to 1860; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1860 to 1864; William M. Stone, 1864 to 1868; Sam- uel Morrill, 1868 to 1872; Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1872 to 1876; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1876 to 1877; Joshua G. Newbold, Acting, 1877 to 1878; John H. Gear, 1878 to 1882; Buren R. Sherman, 1882 to . Lieuicnant Governor — Office created by the new constitution Septem- ber 3, 1857— Oran Faville, 1858-9; Nicholas J. Rusch, 1860-1; John R. Needham, 1862-3; Enoch W.Eastman, 1864-5; Benjamin F. Gue, 1866-7; John Scott, 1868-9; M. M. Walden, 1870-1; H. C. Bulis, 1872-3; Joseph Dysart, 1874-5; Joshua G. Newbold, 1876-7; Frank T. Campbell, 1878-9; O. H. Manning, 1880-82. Secretaries of State — Elisha Cutler, Jr., Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 4, 1848; Josiah H. Bonney, Dec. 4, 1848, to Dec. 2, 1850; George W. McCleary, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 1, 1856; Elijah Sells, Dec. 1, 1856, to Jan. 5, 1863; James Wright, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867; Ed. Wright, Jan. 7, 1867, to Jan. 6, 1873; Josiah T. Young, Jan. 6, 1873, to Jan. 6, 1879; J. A. T. Hull, 1879, to Auditors oj State— ]ose^h T. Fales, Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850; Will- iam Pattee, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1854; Andrew J. Stevens, Dec. 4, 1854, resigned in lS55;John Pattee, Sept. 22, 1855, to Jan. 3, 1859; Jona- than W.Cattell, 1859 to 1865; John A. Elliot, 1865 to 1871; John Russell, 1871 to 1875; Buren R. Sherman, 1875 to 1881; Wm. V. Lucas, 1881 to 1883. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 101 Treasurers o/" xSV^//'^:— Morjjan Reno, Dec. 18, 1816, to Dec. 2, 1850; Israel Kister,Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1852; Martin L. Morris, Dec. 4, 1852, to Jan. 2, 1859; John W. Jones, 1859 to 1863; William H. Holmes, 1863 to 1867; Samuel E. Rankin, 1867 to 1873; William Christy, 1873 to 1877; George W. Bemis, 1877 to 1881; E. H. Conger, 1881 to Superintendents of Public Instruction — Office created in 1847 — James Harlan, June 5,1845 (Supreme Court decided election void); Thomas H. Benton, Jr., May 23, 1844, to June 7, 1854; James D. Eads, 1854-7; Joseph C. Stone, March to June, 1857; Maturin L. Fisher, 1857 to Dec, 1858, when the office was abolished and the duties of the office devolved upon the Secretary of the Board of Education. Secretaries of the Board of Education — Thomas H. Benton, Jr., 1859 to 1863; Oran Faville, Jan. 1, 1864. Board abolished March 23, 1864. Superintendents of Public Instruction — Office re-created March 23, 1864— Oran Faville, March 28,1864, resigned March 1, 1867; D. Franklin Wells, March 4, 1867, to Jan., 18Y0: A. S. Kissell, 1870 to 1872; Alonzo Abernethy, 1872 to 1877; Carl W. Von Coelln, 1877 to 1882; John W. Akers, 1882 to State Binders — Office created February 21, 1855 — William M. Coles, May 1, 1855, to May 1, 1859; Frank M. Mills, 1859 to 1867; James S. ' Carter, 1867 to 1870; J. J. Smart, 1870 to 1874; H. A. Perkins, 1874 to 1875; James J. Smart, 1875 to 1876; H. A. Perkins, 1876 to 1880; Matt Parrott, 1880 to Registers of tJie State Land Office — Anson Hart, May 5, 1855, to May 13, 1857; Theodore S. Parvin, May 13, 1857, to Jan. 3, 1859; Amos B. Miller, Jan. 3,1859, to Oct., 1862; Edwin Mitchell, Oct. 31, 1862, to Jan. 5, 1863; Josiah A. Harvey, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867; Cyrus C. Car- penter, Jan. 7, 1867, to January, 1871; Aaron Brown, Jan., 1871, to Jan., 1875; David Secor, Jan. 187-5,^0 18S1; J. K. Powers, 1881 to . State Printers — Office created Jan. 3, 1840 — Garret D. Palmer and George Paul, 1849; WiUiam H. Merritt, 1851 to 1853; William A. Horn- ish, 1853 (resigned May 16, 1853); Mahoney & Dorr, 1853 to 1855; Peter Moriarty, 1855 to 1857; John Teesdale, 1857 to 1861; Francis W. Palmer, 1861 to 1869; Frank M. Mills, 1869 to 1870; G. W.Edwards, 1870 to 1872; R. P. Clarkson, 1872 to 1880; F. M. Mills, 1880 to 1882. Adjutants General— Darnel S. Lee, 1851-55; George W. McCleary, 1855-7; Elijah Sells, 1857; Jesse Bowen, 1857-61; Nathaniel Baker, 1861 to 1877; John H. Looby, lb77 to 1881; W. L. Alexander, 1881 to . Attorneys General— David C. Cloud, 1853-56; Samuel A. Rice, 1856- 60; Charles C. Nourse, 1861-64; Isaac L. Allen, 1865 (resigned January, 1866); Frederick E. Bissell, 1866 (died June 12, 1867; Henry O'Connor, 1867-72; Marsena E. Cutts, 1872-76; John F. Mcjunkin, 1877-81; Smith McPherson, 1881 to Presidents of the 6V;/«/e— Thomas Baker, 1846-47; Thomas Hughes, 1848; John J.Selman, 1848-9; Enos Lowe, 1850-51; William E. Leffing- well, 1852-53; Maturm L. Fisher, 1854-55; WilHam W. Hamilton, 1856-57. Under the new Constitution, the Lieutenant Governor is Presi- dent of the Senate. 102 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Speakers of the House— ]esse B. Brown, 1847-48, Smiley H. Bonhan, 1849-50; George Temple, 1851-52; James Grant, 1853-54; Reuben Noble, 1855-56; Samuel McFarland, 1856-57; Stephen B. Sheledy, 1858-59; John Edwards, 1860-61; Rush Clark, 1862-63; Jacob Butler, 1864-65; Ed. Wright, 1866-67; John Russell, 1868-69; Aylett R.Cotton, 1870-71; James Wilson, 1872-73; John H. Gear, 1874-77; John Y. Stone, 1878; Lore Alford, 1880; Geo. R.Struble, 1882. JVezv Constikitional Convention^ 185^ — Francis Springer, President; Thos. J. Saunders, Secretary. THE JUDICIARY. — SUPREME COURT OF IOWA. Chief Justices. — Charles Mason, resigned in June, 1847; Joseph Wil- liams, "Jan., 1847, to Jan., 1848; S. Clinton Hastings, Jan., 1848, to Jan., 1849; Joseph Williams, Jan., 1849, to Jan. 11, 1855; Geo. G. Wright, Jan. 11, 1855, to Jan., 1860; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan., 1860, to Jan. 1, 1862; Caleb Baldwin, Jan., 1862, to Jan., 1864; Geo. G. Wright, Jan., 1864, to Jan., 1866; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan., 1866, to Jan., 186«; John F. Dillon, Jan., 1868, to Jan. 1, 1877; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1877, to Jan. 1, 1878; James H. Rothrock, Jan. 1, 1878-79; Austin Adams, 1880-81; Wm. H. Seevers, 1882-83. Associate Judges. —^osqy>^\ Williams; Thomas S.Wilson, resigned Oct., 1847; John F. Kinney, June 12, 1847, resigned Feb. 15, 1854; George Greene, Nov. 1, 1847, to Jan. 9, 1855; Jonathan C. Hall, Feb. 15, 1854, to succeed Kinney, resigned, to Jan., 1855; William G. Woodward, Jan. 9, 1855; Norman W. Isbell, Jan. 16, 1855, resigned 1856; Lacen D. Stock- ton, June 3, 1856, to succeed Isbell, resigned, died June 9, 1860; Caleb Baldwin. Jan. 11, 1860, to 1864; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan. 12, 1860; George G. Wright, June 26, 1860, to succeed Stockton, deceased; elected U. S. Senator, 1870; John F. Dillon, Jan. 1, 1864, to succeed Baldwin, resigned, 1870; Chester C. Cole, March 1, 1864, to 1877; Joseph M. Beck, Jan. 1, 1868; W. E. Miller, Oct. 11, 1864, to succeed Dillon, resigned; James G. Day,'jan. 1, 1871, to succeed Wright; Austin Adams, to 1886; James H. Rothrock, 1884. SUPREME COURT. William H. Seevers, Mahaska county. Chief Justice; James H. Roth- rock, Cedar county. Associate Justice; Joseph M. Beck, Lee county. Asso- ciate Justice; Austin Adams, Dubuque county. Associate Justice; James G. Day, Fremont county. Associate Justice. CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATION. UNITED STATES SENATORS. (The first General Assembly failed to elect Senators.) George W. Jones, Dubuque, Dec. 7, 1848-1858 ; Augustus C. Dodge, Bur- lington, Dec. 7, 1848-1855; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, Jan. 6, 1855-1865; James W. Grimes, Burhngton, Jan. 26, 1858-died 1870 ; Samuel J. Kirkwood, Jowa City, elected Jan. 13, 1866, to fill vacancy caused by resignation of James HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 103 Harlan ; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, March 4, 1866-1872 ; James B. Howell, Keokuk, elected Jan. 20, 1870, to fill vacancy caused by the death of J. W. Grimes— term expired March 3d; George G. Wright, Des Momes, March 4, 1871-1877; AVilliam B. Allison, Dubuque, March 4, 1872; Samuel J. Kirk- wood, March 4, 1877. MEMBERS OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Twenty-ninth Congress— 18J^6 to 18^7.-8. Clinton Hastings ; Shepherd Leffler. ttt-it mi Thirtieth Congress— 18 J^7 to 184-9.— Yir^i District, William Thompson; Second District, Shepherd Leffler. , Thirty-first Congress— 18^9 to I851.—Y\r^t District, First Session, Wm. Thompson ; unseated by the House of Representatives on a contest, and election remanded 'to the people. First District, Second Session, Daniel F. Miller. Second District, Shepherd Leffler. Thirty-second Congress— 1851 to 1853.—Y\x&l District, Bernhart Henn. Second District, Lincoln Clark. Thirty-third Congress— 1853 to i555.— First District, Bernhart Henn. Second District, John P. Cook. Thirty-fourth Congress— 1855 to i557.— First District, Augustus Hall. Second District, James Thorington. ■, t^ ^ .. Thirty-fifth Congress— 1857 to 1859.— ¥irst District, Samuel R. Curtis. Second District, Timothy Davis. i t. n r Thirty-sixth Congress— 1859 to 1861.— First District, Samuel R. Curtis. Second District, William Vandever. -^. . t.- o • Thirty-seventh Congress— 1861 to J863.—¥irst District, First Session, Samuel R. Curtis.* First District, Second and Third Sessions, James 1. Wil- son. Second District, William A^andever. Thirty-eighth Congress— 1863 to 1865.— Ynst District, James F. Wilson. Second District, Hiram Price. Third District, William B. Allison Fourth District, Josiah B. Grinnell. Fifth District, John A. Kasson. Sixth District, Asahel W. Hubbard.' ^. r^. ■ t -n. wi Thirty-ninth Congress— 1865 to 1867.— Yrst District, Jan.es F. Wilson Second District, Hiram Price; Third District, William B. Allison ;^Fourth District, Josiah B. Grinnell ; Fifth District, John A. Kasson ; Sixth lyistrict, Asahel W. Hubbard. -^. . -r -r. w c Fortieth Conqress—1867 to lS69.—YiYSt District, James F. Wiison ; Sec- ond District, Hii'am Price; Third District, William B. Allison, Fourth District, William Loughridge; Fifth District, Grenville M. Dodge; Sixth District, Asahel W. Hubbard. -r^. . r. w t\t n Forty-first Congress— 1869 to 1871.— Ynst District, George W. McCrary Second District, William Smyth; Third District, William B Allison ; Fourth District, William Loughridge; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer; Sixth Dis- trict, Charles Pomeroy. -^. ^ ■ . r^ w at^ Forty-second Congress-1871 to i575.-First District, George W. Mc- Crary ; Second District, Aylett R. Cotton ; Third District, W.G. Donnan^; Fourth District, Madison M. Waldon; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer; Sixth District, Jackson Orr. -r^. . ^ Axr a/t n Forty-third Congress-1873 to i^^^.-First District, George W. McCrary Second District, Aylett R. Cotton; Third District, William Y. Donnan ; Fourth District, Henry 0. Pratt; Fifth District, James Wilson; Sixth District, "Tvacated Beat by acceptance of commlsBlon a8 Brigadier General, and J. F. Wilson chosen hie successor. 104 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. William Lougliridge ; Seventh District, John A, Kasson ; Eighth District, James W. McDill ; Ninth District, Jackson Orr. Forty-fourth Congress — 1S75 to 1S77. — First District, George W. Mc- Crary ; Second District, John Q. Tufts; Third District, L. L. AinsAvorth; Fourth District, Henry 0. Pratt; Fifth District, James Wilson ; Sixth District, Ezekiel S. Sampson ; Seventh District, John A. Kasson ; Eighth District, James W. McDill ; Fifth District, Addison Oliver. Forty-fifth Congress— 1877 to 187 D.—¥iY?.i District, J. C. Stone; Second District, Hiram Price ; Third District, T. W. Burdick ; Fourth District, H. C. Deering ; Fifth District, Rush Clark ; Sixth District, E. S. Sampson ; Seventh District, H. J. B. Curamings ; Eighth District, W. F. Sapp ; Ninth District, Addison Oliver. WAR RECORD. The State of Iowa may well be proud of her record during the War of the Rebellion, from 1861 to 1865. The following brief but comprehensive sketch of the history she made during that trying period is largely from the pen of Col. A. P. Wood, of Dubuque, the author of "The History of Iowa and the War," one of the best works of the kind yet written. ^ " Whether in the promptitude of her responses to the calls made on her by the General Government, in the courage and constancy of her soldiery in the field, or in the wisdom and efficiency with which her civil administration was conducted during the trying period covered by the War of the Rebellion, Iowa proved herself the peer of any loyal State. The proclamation of her Governor, responsive to that of the President, calling for volunteers to compose her First Regiment, was issued on the fourth day after the fall of Sumter. At the end of only a single week, men enough were reported to be in quarters (mostly in the vicinity of their own homes) to fill the regiment. These, however, were hardly more than a tithe of tlie number who had been offered by company com- manders for acceptance under the President's call. So urgent were these offers that the Governor requested (on the 24th of April) permission to organize an additional regiment. While awaiting an answer to this request, he conditionally accepted a sufficient number of companies to compose two additional regiments. In a short time, he was notified that both of these would be accepted. Soon after the completion of the Second and Third Regiments (which was near the close of May), the Adjutant General of the State reported that upward of one hundred and seventy companies had been tendered to the Governor to serve against the enemies of the Union. " Much difficulty and considerable delay occured in.fitting these regiments for the field. For the First Infantry a complete outfit (not uniform) of clothing was extemporized — principally by the volunteered labor of loyal women in the different towns — from material of various colors and qualities, obtained within the limits of the State. The same was done in part for the Second Infantry. Meantime, an extra session of the General Assembly had been called by the Governor, to convene on the l^tli of May. With but little delay, that body authorized a loan of $800,000, to meet the extraordinary expenses incurred, and to be incurred, by the Executive Department, in consequence of the new emer- gency. _ A wealthy merchant of the State (Ex-Governor Merrill, then a resident of TvicGregor) immediately took from the Governor a contract to supply a com- plete outfit of clothing for the three regiments organized^ agreeing to receive, should the Governor so elect, his pay therefor in State bonds at, par. 'This con- HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 105 tract he executed to the letter, and a portion of the clothing (which was manu- factured in Boston, to his order) was delivered at Keokuk, the place at which the troops had rendezvoused, in exactly one month from the day on which the contract had been entered into. The remainder arrived only a few days later. This clothing was delivered to the regiment, but was subsequently condemned by the Government, for the reason that its color was gray, and blue had been adopted as the color to be worn by the national troops." Other States also clothed their troops, sent forward under the first call of President Lincoln, with gray uniforms, but it was soon found that the con- federate forces were also clothed in gray, and that color was at once abandoned by the Union troops. If both armies were clothed alike, annoying if not fatal mistakes were liable to be made. But while engaged in these efforts to discharge her whole duty in common with all the other Union-loving States in the great emergency, Iowa was compelled to make immediate, and ample provision for the protection of her own borders, from threatened invasion on the south by the Secessionists of Missouri, and from danger of incursions from th6 west and northwest by bands of hostile Indians, who were freed from the usual restraint imposed upon them by the presence of regular troops stationed at the frontier posts. These troops were withdrawn to meet the greater and more pressing danger threatening the life of the nation at its very heart. To provide for the adequate defense of her borders from the ravages of both rebels in arms against the Government and of the more irresistible foes from the Western plains, the Governor of the State was authorized to raise and equip two regiments of infantry, a squadron of cavalry (not less than five companies) and a battalion of artillery (not less than three companies.) Only cavalry were enlisted for home defense, however, "but," says Col. Wood, "in times of special danger, or when calls were made by the Unionists of Northern Missouri for assistance against their disloyal enemies, large numbers of militia on foot often turned out, and remained in the field until the necessity for their services had passed. " The first order for the Iowa volunteers to move to the field was received on the 13th of June. It was issued by Gen. Lyon, then commanding the United States forces in Missouri. The First and Second Infantry immediately embarked in steamboats, and moved to Hannibal. Some two weeks later, the Third Infantry was ordered to the same point. These three, together with many other of the earlier organized Iowa regiments, rendered their fiirst field service in Missouri. The First Infantry formed a part of the little army with which Gen. Lyon moved on Springfield, and fought the bloody battle of Wilson's Creek. It received unqualified praise for its gallant bearing on the field. In the following mouth (September), the Third Iowa, with but very slight support, fought with honor the sanguinary engagement of Blue Mills Landing ; and in November, the Seventh Iowa, as a part of a force commanded by Gen. Grant, greatly distinguished itself in the battle of Belmont, where it poured out its blood like water — losing more than half of the men it took into action. " The initial operations in which the battles referred to took place were fol- lowed by the more important movements led by Gen. Grant, Gen. Curtis, of this State, and other commanders, which resulted in defeating the armies defending the chief strategic lines held by the Confederates in Kentucky, Tenn- nessee^'' Missouri and Arkansas, and compelling their withdrawal from much of the territory previously controlled by them in those States. In these and other movements, down to the grand culminating campaign by which Vicksburg was 106 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. captured and the Confederacy permanently severed on the line of the Mississippi River, Iowa troops took part in steadily increasing numbers. In the investment and siege of Vicksburg, the State Avas represented by thirty regiments and two batteries, in addition to which, eight regiments and one battery were employed on the outposts of the besieging army. The brilliancy of their exploits on the many fields where they served won for them the highest meed of praise, both in military and civil circles. Multiplied were the terms in which expression was given to this sentiment, but these words of one of the journals of a neigh- boring State, 'The Iowa troops have been heroes among heroes,' embody the spirit of all. " In the veteran re-enlistments that distinguished the closing months of 1863 .above all other periods in the history of re-enlistments for the national armies, the Iowa three years' men (who were relatively more numerous than those of any other State) were prompt to set the example of volunteering for another term of equal length, thereby adding many thousands to the great army of those who gave this renewed and practical assurance that the cause of the Union should not be left without defenders. " In all the important movements of 1864-65, by which the Confederacy was penetrated in every quarter, and its military power finally overthrown, the Iowa troops took part. Their drum-beat was heard on the banks of every great river of the South, from the Potomac to the Rio Grande, and everywhere they rendered the same faithful and devoted service, maintaining on all occasions their wonted reputation for valor in the field and endurance on the march. " Two Iowa three-year cavalry regiments were employed daring their whole term of service in the operations that were in progress from 1868 to 1866 against the hostile Indians of the western plains. A portion of these men were among the last of the volunteer troops to be mustered out of service. The State also supplied a considerable number of men to the navy, who took part in most of the naval operations prosecuted against the Confederate power on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, and the rivers of the West. " The people of Iowa were early and constant workers in the sanitary field, and by their liberal gifts and personal efforts for the benefit of the soldiery, placed their State in the front rank of those who became distinguished for their exhibitions of patriotic benevolence during the period covered by the war. Agents appointed by the Governor were stationed at points convenient for ren- dering assistance to the sick and needy soldiers of the State, while others v/ere employed in visiting, from time to time, hospitals, camps and armies in the field, and doing whatever the circumstances rendered possible for the health and comfort of such of the Iowa soldiery as might be found there. " Some of the benevolent people of the State early conceived the idea of establishing a Home for such of the children of deceased soldiers as might be left in destitute circumstances. This idea first took form in 1863, and in the following year a Home was opened at Farmington, Van Buren County, in a building leased for that purpose, and which soon became filled to its utmost capacity. The institution received liberal donations from the general public, and also from the soldiers in the field. In 1865, it became necessary to pro- vide increased accommodations for the large number of children .who were seeking the benefits of its care. This was done by establishing a branch at Cedar Falls, in Black Hawk County, and by securing, during the same year, for the use of the parent Home, Camp Kinsman near the City of Davenport. This property was soon afterward donated to the institution, by act of Congress. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. lOT " In 1866, in pursuance of a law enacted for that purpose, the Soldiers' Orphans' Home (which then contained about four hundred and fifty inmates) became a State institution, and thereafter the sums necessary for its support were appropriated from the State treasury. A second branch was established at Glenwood, Mills County. Convenient tracts were secured, and valuable improve- ments made at all the different points. Schools were also established, and em- ployments provided for such of the children as Avere of suitable age. In all ways the provision made for these wards of the Stare has been such as to chal- lenge the appi'oval of every benevolent mind. The number of children who have been inmates of the Home from its foundation to the present time is considerably more than two thousand. " At the beginning of the war, the population of Iowa included about one hundred and fifty thousand men presumably liable to render military service. The State raised, for general service, thirty-nine regiments of infantry, nine regiments of cavalry, and four companies of artillery, composed of three years' men ; one regiment of inflmtry, composed of three months' men; and four regi- ments and one battalion of infantry, composed of one hundred da^'s' men. The original enlistments in these various organizations, including seventeen hundred and twenty-seven men raised by draft, numbered a little more than sixty -nine thousand. The re-enlistments, including upward of seven thousand veterans, numbered very nearly eight thousand. The enlistments in the regular army and navy, and organizaiiens of other States, will, if added, raise the total to upward of eighty thousand. The number of men who, under special enlistments, and as militia, took part at diiTerent times in the operations on the exposed borders of the State, was probably as many as five thousand. " Iowa paid no bounty on account of the men she placed in the field. In some instances, toward the close of the war, bounty to a comparatively small amount was paid by cities and towns. On only one occasion — that of the call of July 18, 1864 — was a draft made in Iowa. This did not occur on account of her proper liability, as established by previous rulings of the War Department, to supply men under that call, but grew out of the great necessity that there existed for raising men. The Government insis.ted on temporarily setting aside, in part, the former rule of settlements, and enforcing a draft in all cases where subdistricts in any of the States should be found deficient in their supply of men. In no instance was Iowa, as a whole, fo.ind to be indebted to the General Government for men, on a settlement of her (|Uv)ia accounts." It is to be said to the honor and credit of Iowa that while many of tiio loyal States, older and larger in population and wealth, incurred heavy State debts for the purpose of fulfilling their obligations to the General Government, Iowa, while she was foremost in duty, while she promptly discharged all her obligations to her sister States and the Union, found herself at the close of the war without any material addition to her pecuniary liabilities incurred before the war com- menced. Upon final settlement after the restoration of peace, her claims upon the Federal Government were found to be fully equal to the amount of her bonds issued and sold during the war to provide the means for raising and equipping her troops sent into the field, and to meet the inevitable demands upon her treasury in consequence of the war. 108 HISTORY OF THE fcJlATE OF IOWA. INFANTRY. THE FIRST INFANTRY was organized under the President's iirst proclamation for volunteers for three months, with John Francis Bates, of Dubuque, as Colonel ; William H, Mer- ritt, of Cedar Rapids, as Lieutenant Colonel, and A. B. Porter, of Mt. Pleas- ant, as Major. Companies A and C were from Muscatine County; Company B, from Johnson County; Companies D and E, from Des Moines County; Company F, from Henry County; Company G, from Davenport; Companies H and I, from Dubuque, and Company K, from Linn County, and were mus- tered into United States service May 14, 1861, at Keokuk. The above com- panies were independent military organizations before the war, and tendered their services before breaking-out of hostilities. The First was engaged at the battle of Wilson's Creek, under Gen. Lyon, where it lost ten killed and fifty wounded. Was mustered out at St. Louis Aug. 25, 1861. THE SECOND INFANTRY was organized, with Samuel R. Curtis, of Keokuk, as Colonel ; Jas. M. Tuttle, of Keosauqua, as Lieutenant Colonel, and M. M. Crocker, of Des Moines, as Major, and was mustered into the United States service at Keokuk in May, 1861. Company A was from Keokuk; Company B, from Scott County; Com- pany C, from Scott County ; Company D, from Des Moines ; Company E, from Fairfield, Jefferson Co. ; Company F, from Van Buren County ; Company G, from Davis County ; Company H, from Washington County ; Company I, from Clinton County ; and Company K, from Wapello County. It participated in the following engagements : Fort Donelson, Shiloh, advance on Corinth, Corinth, Little Bear Creek, Ala.; Tunnel Creek, Ala.; Resaca, Ga.; Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Nick-a-Jack Creek, in front of Atlanta, January 22, 1864 ; siege of Atlanta, Jonesboro, Eden Station, Little Ogeechee, Savannah, Columbia, S. C ; Lynch's Creek, and Bentonsville. Was on Sherman's march to the sea, and through the Carolinas home. The Second Regiment of Iowa Infantry Veteran Volunteers was formed by the consolidation of the battalions of tlie Second and Third Veteran Infantry, and was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 12, 1865. THE THIRD INFANTRY was organized with N. G. Williams, of Dubuque County, as Colonel ; John Scott, of Story County, Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. N. Stone, of Marion County, Major, and was mustered into the United States service in May, 1861, at Keokuk. Company A was from Dubuque County ; Company B, from Marion County ; Company C, from Clayton County ; Company D, from Winneshiek County ; Company E, from Boone, Story, Marshall and Jasper Counties ; Com- pany F, from Fayette County ; Company G, from Warren County; Company H, from Mahaska County ; Company I, from Floyd, Butler Black Hawk and Mitchell Counties, and Company K from Cedar Falls. It was engaged at Bliw Mills, Mo. ; Shiloh, Tenn. ; Ilatchie River, Matamoras, Vicksburg, Johnson, Miss., Meridian expedition, and Atlanta, Atlanta campaign and Sherman's march to Savannah, and through the Carolinas to Richmond and Washington. The veterans of the Third Iowa Infantry were consolidated with the Second, and mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 12, 1864. HISTORY OF TFIE STATE OF IOWA. 100 THE FOURTH INFANTRY was organized with G. M. Dodge, of Council Bluffs, as Colonel ; John Galligan, of Davenport, as Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. R. English, Glenwood, as Major. Company A, from Mills County, was mustered in at Jefferson Bar- racks, Missouri, August I-''), 1861; Company B, Pottawattamie County, was mustei'ed in at Council Bluffs, August 8, 1861 ; Company C, Guthrie County, mustered in at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., May 3, 1861 ; Company D, Decatur County, at St. Louis, August 16th ; Company E, Polk County, at Council Bluffs, August 8th ; Company F, Madison County, Jefferson Barracks, August 15th ; Company G, Ringgold County, at Jefferson Barracks, August 15th ; Company H, Adams County, Jefferson Barracks, August 15th ; Company I, Wayne County, at St. Louis, August 31st; Company K, Taylor and Page Counties, at St. Louis, August 31st. Was engaged at Pea Ridge, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Jackson, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Ringgold, Resaca, Taylor's Ridge; came home on veteran furlough February 26, 1864. Returned in April, and was in the campaign against Atlanta, and Sherman's march to the sea, and thence through the Carolinas to Washington and home. Was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 24, 1865. THE FIFTH INFANTRY was organized with Wm. H. Worthington, of Keokuk, as Colonel; C. Z. Mat- thias, of Burlington, as Lieutenant Colonel; W. S. Robertson, of Columbus City, as Major, and was mustered into the United States service, at Burlington, July 15, 1861. Company A was from Cedar County; Company B, from Jasper County ; Company C, from Louisa County ; Company D, from Marshall County ; Company E, from Buchanan County ; Company F, from Keokuk County ; Com- pany G, from Benton County ; Company H, from Van Buren County ; Company I, from Jackson County ; Company K, from Allamakee County ; was engaged at New Madrid, siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Champion Hills, siege of Vicks- burg, Chickamauga ; went home on veteran furlough, April, 1864. The non- veterans went home July, 1864, leaving 180 veterans who were transferred to the Fifth Iowa Cavalry. The Fifth Cavalry was mustered out at Nashville, Tennessee, Aug. 11, 1865. THE SIXTH INFANTRY. was mustered into the service July 6, 1861, at Burlington, with John A. McDowell, of Keokuk, as Colonel ; Markoe Cummins, of Muscatine, Lieuten- ant Colonel ; John M. Corse, of Burlington, Major. Company A was from Linn County; Company B, from Lucas and Clarke Counties; Company C, from Hardin County ; Company D, from Appanoose County ; Company E, from Monroe County ; Company F, from Clarke County ; Company Q, from Johnson County ; Company H, from Lee County ; Company I, from Des Moines County ; Company K, from Henry County. It was engaged at Shiloh, Mission Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Jackson, Black River Bridge, Jones' Ford, etc., etc. The Sixth lost 7 officers killed in action, 18 wounded ; of enlisted men 102 were killed in action, 30 died of wounds, 124 of disease, 211 were discharged for disability and 301 were wounded in action, which was the largest list of casualties, of both officers and men, of any reg- iment from Iowa.. Was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 21, 1865. 110 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. THE SEVENTH INFANTRY was mustered into the United States service at Burlington, July 24, 1861, with J. G. Lauman, of Burlington, as Colonel ; Augustus Wentz, of Daven- port, as Lieutenant Colonel, and E. W. Rice, of Oskaloosa, as Major. Com- pany A was from Muscatine County ; Company B, from Chickasaw and Floyd Counties ; Company C, from Mahaska County ; Companies D and E, from Lee County ; Company F, from Wapello County ; Company G, from Iowa County ; Company H, from Washington County ; Company I, from Wapello County ; Oompany K, from Keokuk. Was engaged at the battles of Belmont (in which it lost in killed, wounded and missing 237 men), Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Corinth, Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, Kew Hope Church, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Nick-a-Jack Creek, siege of Atlanta, hattle on 22d of July in front of Atlanta, Sherman's campaign to the ocean, through the Carolinas to Richmond, and thence to Louisville. Was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 12, 1865. THE EIGHTH INFANTRY was mustered into the United States service Sept. 12, 1861, at Davenport, Iowa, with Frederick Steele, of the regular army, as Colonel ; James L. Geddes, of Vinton, as Lieutenant Colonel, and J. C. Ferguson, of Knoxville, as Major. Company A was from Clinton County ; Company B, from Scott County ; Company C, from Washington County ; Company D, from Benton and Linn Counties; Company E, from Marion County; Company F, from Keokuk County ; Company G, from Iowa and Johnson Counties ; Company H. from Mahaska County ; Company I, from Monroe County ; Company K, from Lou- isa County. Was engaged at the following battles : Shiloh (where most of the regiment were taken prisoners of war), Corinth, Vicksburg, Jackson and Span- ish Fort. Was mustered out of the United States service at Selma, Alabama, April 20, 1866. THE NINTH INFANTRY was mustered into the United States service September 24, 1861, at Dubuque, with Wm. Vandever, of Dubuque, Colonel ; Frank G. Herron, of Dubuque, Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. H. Coyle, of Decorah, Major. Company A was from Jackson County ; Company B, from Jones County ; Company C, from Bu- chanan County ; Company D, from Jones County ; Company E, from Clayton County ; Company F, from Fayette County ; Company G, from Black Hawk County ; Company H, from Winneshiek County ; Company I, from Howard County and Company K, from Linn County. Was in the following engage- ments": Pea Ridge, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, siege of Vicksburg, Ringgold, Dallas, Lookout Mountain, Atlanta campaign, Sherman's march to the sea, and through North and South Carolina to Richmond. Was mustered out at Louisville, July 18, 1865. THE TENTH INFANTRY was mustered into the United States service at Iowa City September 6, 1861, with Nicholas Perczel, of Davenport, as Colonel ; W. E. Small, of Iowa City, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and John C. Bennett, of Polk County, as Major. Com- pany A was from Polk County ; Company B, from Warren County ; Company C, from Tama County ; Company D, from Boone County ; Company E, from Washington County ; Company F, from Poweshiek County ; Company G, from HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Ill Warren County ; Company H, from Greene County ; Company I, from Jasper County ; Company K, from Polk and Madison Counties. Participated in the following engagements : Siege of Corinth, luka. Corinth, Port Gibson, Ray- mond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Vicksburg and Mission Ridge. In Septem- ber, 1864, the non-veterans being mustered out, the veterans were transferred to the Fifth Iowa Cavalry, where will be found their future operations. THE ELEVENTH INFANTRY was mustered. into the United States service at Davenport, Iowa, in September and October, 1861, with A. M. Hare, of Muscatine, as Colonel ; Jno. C. Aber- crombie, as Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. Hall, of Davenport, as Major. Com- pany A was from Muscatine ; Company B, from ]Marsh;ill and Hardin Counties ; Company C, from Louisa County ; Company D, from Muscatine County ; Com- pany E, from Cedar County ; Company F, from Washington County ; Company G, from Henry County ; Company H, from Muscatine County ; Company I from Muscatine County ; Compan}'- K, from Linn County. Was engaged in the battle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth, b;)ttles of Corinth, Vicksburg, Atlanta cam- paign, battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864. Was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 15, 1865. THE TWELFTH INFANTRY was mustered into the United States service November 25, 1861, at Dubuque, with J. J. Wood, of Maquoketa, as Colonel ; John P. Coulter, of Cedar Rapids, Lieuteriant Colonel ; Samuel D. Brodtbeck, of Dubuque, as Major. Company A was from Hardin County ; Company B, from Allamakee County ; Company C, from Fayette County ; Company D, from Linn County ; Company S, from Black Hawk County ; Company F, from Delaware County ; Company G, from Winne- shiek County ; Company H, from Dubuque and Delaware Counties ; Company I, from Dubuque and Jackson Counties ; Company K, from Delaware County. It was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, where most of the regiment was captured, and those not captured were organized in what was called the Union Brigade, and were in the battle of Corinth ; the prisoners were exchanged November 10, 1862, and the regiment re-organized, and then participating in the siege of Vicksburg, battle of Tupelo, Miss.; White River, Nashville and Spanish Fort. The regiment was mustered out at Memphis, January 20, 1866. THE THIRTEENTH INFANTRY was mustered in November 1, 1861, at Davenport, with M. M. Crocker, of Des Moines, as Colonel ; M. M. Price, of Davenport, Lieutenant Colonel ; John Shane, Vinton, Major. Company A was from Mt. Vernon ; Company B, from Jasper County ; Company C, from Lucas County ; Company D, from Keokuk County ; Company E, from Scott County ; Company F, from Scott and Linn Counties ; Company G, from Benton County ; Company H, from Marshall County ; Company I, from Washington County ; Company K, from Washington County. It participated in the following engagements : Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Corinth, Kenesaw Mountain, siege of Vicksburg, Campaign against Atlanta. Was on Sherman's march to the sea, and through North and South Carolina. Was mustered out at Louisville July 21, 1865. THE FOURTEENTH INFANTRY was mustered in the United States service October, 1861, at Davenport, with Wm. T. Shaw, of Anamosa, as Colonel ; Edward W. Lucas, of Iowa City, as 112 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Lieutenant Colonel; Hiram Leonard, of Des Moines County, as Major. Com- pany A was from Scott County ; Company B, from Bremer County ; Company D, from Henry and Van Buren Counties ; Company E, from Jasper County ; Company F, from Van Buren and Henry Counties ; Company G, from Tama and Scott Counties; Company H, from Linn County; Company I, from Henry County ; Company K, from Des Moines County. Participated in the follow- ing engagements : Ft. Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth (where most of the regiment were taken prisoners of war), Pleasant Jlill, Meridian, Ft. De Russey, Tupelo, Town Creek, Tallahatchie, Pilot Knob, Old Town, Yellow Bayou, etc., etc., and was mustered out, except veterans and recruits, at Davenport, Iowa, No- vember 16, 1864. THE FIFTEENTH INFANTRY was mustered into the United States service March 19, 1862, at Keokuk, with Hugh T. Reid, of Keokuk, as Colonel ; Wm. Dewey, of Fremont County, as Lieuten;int Colonel; W. W. Belknap, of Keokuk, as Major. Company A was from Linn County ; Company B, from Polk County ; Company C, from Mahaska County ; Company D, from Wapello County ; Company E, from Van Buren County ; Company F, from Fremont and Mills Counties ; Company G, from Marion and Warren Counties ; Company PI, from Pottawattamie and Harrison Counties ; Company I, from Lee, Van Buren and Clark Counties ; Company K, from Wapello, Van Buren and Warren Counties. Participated in the battle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth, battles of Corinth, Vicksburg, campaign against At- lanta, battle in front of Atlanta, July 22, 1864, and was under fire during the siege of Atlanta eighty-one days ; was on Sherman's march to the sea, and through the Carolinas to Richmond, Washington and Louisville, where it was mustered out, August 1, 1864. THE SIXTEENTH INFANTRY was mustered into the United States service at Davenport, Iowa, December 10, 1861, with Alexander Chambers, of the regular army, as Colonel; A. H. Sanders, of Davenport, Lieutenant Colonel; Wm. Purcell, of Muscatine, Major. Company A was from Clinton County ; Company B, from Scott County; Company C, from Muscatine County ; Company D, from Boone County; Company E, from Muscatine County ; Company F, from Muscatine, Clinton and Scott Counties ; Company G, from Dubuque County ; Company H, from Du- buque and Clayton Counties ; Company I, from Black Hawk and Linn Counties; Company K, from Lee and Muscatine' Counties. Was in the battles of Shiloh, siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Kenesaw Mountain, Nick-a-Jack Creek, battles around Atlanta; was in Sherman's campaigns, and the Carolina campaigns. Was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 19, 1865. THE SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY was mustered into the United States service at Keokuk, in March and April, 1862, with Jno. W. Rankin, of Keokuk, Colonel ; D. B. Hillis, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel; Samuel M. Wise, of Mt. Pleasant, Major. Company A was from Decatur County; Company B, from Lee County; Company C, from Van Buren, Wapello and Lee Counties ; Company D, from Des Moines, Van Buren and Jefferson Counties; Company E, from Wapello County; Com- pany F, from Appanoose County; Company G, from Marion County; Com- pany H, from Marion and Pottawattamie Counties ; Company I, from Jefferson and Lee Counties ; Company K, from Lee and Polk Counties. They were in HISTORY OF THE STATE OP IOWA. US the following engagements: Siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Jackson, Cham- pion Hills, Fort Hill, siege of Vicksburg, Mission Ridge, and at Tilton, Ga., Oct. 13, 1864, most of the regiment were taken prisoners of war. Was mus- tered out at Louisville, Ky., July 25, 1865. THE EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY was mustered into the United States service August 5, 6 and 7, 1862, at Clin- ton, with John Edwards, of Chariton, Colonel ; T. Z. Cook, of Cedar Rapids, Lieutenant Colonel ; Hugh J. Campbell, of Muscatine, as Major. Company A, was from Linn and various other counties ; Company B, from Clark County ; Company C, from Lucas County; Company D, from Keokuk and Wapello Counties ; Company E, from Muscatine County ; Company F, from Appanoose County ; Company G, from Marion and Warren Counties ; Company H, from Fayette and Benton Counties; Company I, from Washington County; Com- pany K, from Wapello, Muscatine and Henry Counties, and was engaged in the battles of Springfield, Moscow, Poison Spring, Ark., and was mustered out at Little Rock, Ark., July 20, 1865. THE NINETEENTH INFANTRY was mustered into the United States service August 17, 1862, at Keokuk, with Benjamin Crabb, of Washington, as Colonel ; Samuel McFarland, of Mt. Pleas- ant, Lieutenant Colonel, and Daniel Kent, of Ohio, Major. Company A was from Lee and Van Buren Counties; Company B, from Jefferson County; Com- pany C, from Washington County; Company D, from Jefferson County; Com- pany E, from Lee County; Company F, from Louisa County; Company G, from Louisa County; Company H, from Van Buren County; Company I, from Van Buren County ; Company K, from Henry County. Was engaged a Prairie Grove, Vicksburg, Yazoo River expedition. Sterling Farm, September 29, 1863, at which place they surrendered ; three officers and eight enlisted men were killed, sixteen enlisted men were woun'Aed, and eleven officers and two hundred and three enlisted men taken prisoners out of five hundred engaged; they were exchanged July 22d, and joined their regiment August 7th, at New Or- leans. Was engaged at Spanish Fort. Was mustered out at Mobile, Ala., July 10, 1865. THE TWENTIETH INFANTRY was mustered into the United States service August 25, 1862, at Clinton, with Wm. McE. Dye, of Marion, Linn Co., as Colonel : J. B. Leek, of Davenport, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Wm. G. Thompson, of Marion, Linn Co., as Major. Companies A, B, F, H and I were from Linn County ; Companies C, D, E, G and K, from Scott County, and was engaged in the following battles : Prairie Grove, and assault on Fort Blakely. Was mustered out at Mobile, Ala., July 8, 1865. THE TWENTY-FIRST INFANTRY was mustered into the service at Clinton in June and August, 1862, with Samuel Merrill (late Governor of Iowa) as Colonel ; Charles W. Dunlap, of Mitchell, as Lieutenant Colonel ; S. G. VanAnda, of Delhi, as Major. Com- pany A was from Mitchell and Black Hawk Counties ; Company B, from Clayton County ; Company C, from Dubuque County ; Company D, from Clayton County ; Company E, from Dubuque County ; Company F, from Du- buque County ; Company G, from Clayton County ; Company H, from Dela- 8 114r HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. ware County ; Company I, from Dubuque County ; Company K, from Delaware County, and was in the following engagements : Hartsville, Mo. ; Black River Bridge, Fort Beauregard, was at the siege of Vicksburg, Mobile, Fort Blakely, and was mustered out at Baton Rouge, La., July 15, 1865. THE TWENTY-SECOND INFANTRY was mustered into the United States service Sept. 10, 1862, at Iowa City, with Wm. M. Stone, of Knoxville (since Governor of Iowa), as Colonel ; Jno. A. Garrett, of Newton, Lieutenant Colonel ; and Harvey Graham, of Iowa City, as Major. Company A was from Johnson County ; Company B, Johnson County ; Company C, Jasper County; Company D, Monroe County ; Company E, Wapello County ; Company F, Johnson County ; Company G, Johnson County ; Company H, Johnson County ; Company I, Johnson County ; Com- pany K, Johnson County. Was engaged at Vicksburg, Thompson's Hill, Cham- pion Hills, Sherman's campaign to Jackson, at Winchester, in Shenandoah Val- ley, losing 109 men, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. Mustered out at Savannah, Ga., July 25, 1865. THE TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY was mustered into United States service at Des Moines, Sept. 19, 1862, with William Dewey, of Sidney, as Colonel ; W. H. Kinsman, of Council Bluffs, as Lieutenant Colonel, and S. L. Glasgow, of Corydon, as Major. Companies A, B and C, were fi-om Polk County; Company D, from Wayne County; Com- pany E, from Pottawattamie County ; Company F, from Montgomery County ; Company G, from Jasper County ; Company H, from Madison County ; Com- pany I, from Cass County, and Company K, from Marshall County. Was in Vicksburg, and engaged at Port Gibson, Black River, Champion Hills, Vicks- burg, Jackson, Milliken's Bend, Fort Blakely, and was mustered out at Harris- burg, Texas, July 26, 1865 THE TWENTY-FOURTH was mustered into United States service at Muscatine, September 18, 1862, with Eber C. Byam, of Mount Vernon, as Colonel; John Q. Wilds, of Mount Vernon, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Ed. Wright, of Springdale, as Major. Company A was from Jackson and Clinton Counties ; Companies B and C, from Cedar County; Company D, from Washington, Johnson and Cedar Counties; Company E, from Tama County; Companies F, G and H, from Linn County ; Company I, from Jackson County, and Company K, from Jones County. Was engaged at Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Gen. Banks' Red River expedition, Winchester and Cedar Creek. Was mustered out at Savan- nah, Ga., July 17, 1865. THE TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY was organized with George A. Stone, of Mount Pleasant, as Colonel ; Fabian Brydolf as Lieutenant Colonel, and Calom Taylor, of Bloomfield, as Major, and was mustered into United States service at Mount Pleasant, September 27, 1862. Companies A and I were from Washington County; Companies B and H, from Henry County ; Company C, from Henry and Lee Counties ; Com- panies D, E and G, from Des Moines County : Company F, from Louisa County, and Company K, from Des Moines and Lee Counties. Was engaged at Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Walnut Bluff, Chattanooga, Campain, Ring- HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 115 gold, Ga., Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, battles around Atlanta, Love- joy Station, Jonesboro, Ship's Gap, Bentonville, and on Sherman's march through Georgia and the Carolmas, to Richmond and Washington. Was mustered out at Washington, D. C, June 6, 1865. THE TWENTY-SIXTH was organized and mustered in at Clinton, in August, 1862, with Milo Smith, of Clinton, as Colonel ; S. G. Magill, of Lyons, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Samuel Clark, of De Witt, as Major. Company A was from Clinton and Jackson Counties; Company B, from Jackson County; Companies C, D, E, F, G, H, I and K, from Clinton County. Was engaged at Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Snake Creek Gap, Ga., Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, De- catur, siege of Atlanta, Ezra Church, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, Ship's Gap, Sherman's campaign to Savannah, went through the Carolinas, and was mus- tered out of service at Washington, D. C, June 6, 1865. THE TWENTY-SEVENTH was mastered into United States service at Dubuque, Oct. 3, 1862, with James I. Gilbert, of Lansing, as Colonel ; Jed Lake, of Independence, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and G. W: Howard, of Bradford, as Major. Companies A, B and I were from Allamakee County ; Companies C and H, from Buchanan County ; Companies D and E, from Clayton County ; Company F, from Delaware County ; Company G, from Floyd and Chickasaw Counties, and Company K, from I\Iitchell County. Engaged at Little Rock, Ark., was on Red River ex- pedition. Fort De Russey, Pleasant Hill, Yellow Bayou, Tupelo, Old Town Creek and Fort Blakely. Was mustered out at Clinton, Iowa, Aug. 8, 1865. THE TWENTY-EIGHTH was organized at Iowa City, and mustered in Nov. 10, 1862, with William E. Miller, of Iowa City, as Colonel ; John Connell, of Toledo, as Lieutenant Colonel, and H. B. Lynch, of Millersburg, as Major. Companies A and D were from Benton County ; Companies B and G, from Iowa County ; Companies C, H and I, from Poweshiek County; Company E, from Johnson County; Company F, from Tama County, and Company K, from Jasper County. Was engaged at Port Gibson, Jacksou and siege of Vicksburg ; was on Banks' Red River expedition, and engaged at Sabine Cross Roads ; was engaged in Shen- andoah Valley, Va., and engaged at Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. Was mustered out of service at Savannah, Ga., July 31, 1865. THE TWENTY-NINTH was organized at Council Bluffs, and mustered into the United States service December 1, 1862, with Thomas H. Benton, Jr., of Council Bluffs, as Colonel; R. F. Patterson, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and Charles B. Shoe- maker, of Clarinda, as Major. Company A was from Pottawattamie County; Company B, from Pottawattamie and Mills Counties ; Comnany C, from Harrison County ; Company D, from Adair and Adams Counties , Company E, from Fremont County ; Company F, from Taylor County ; Company G, from Ring- gold County. Was engaged at Helena, Arkansas and Spanish Fort. Was mustered out at New Orleans August 15, 1865. 116 HISTUKV OF TliE iSTATii OF IOWA. THE THIRTIETH INFANTRY was organized at Keokuk, and mustered into the United States service September 23, 1862, with Charles B. Abbott, of Louisa County, as Colonel ; Wm. M. G. Tor- rence, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and Lauren Dewey, of Mt. Pleasant, as Major. Companies A and I were from Lee County ; Company B, from Davis County ; Compan}' C, from Des Moines County ; Company D, from Van Buren County ; Companies E and K from Washington County ; Company F, from Davis County ; and Companies G and H, from Jefferson County. Was engaged at Arkansas Post, Yazoo City, Vicksburg, Cherokee, Ala., Ringgold, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Lovejoy Station, Jonesboro, Taylor's Ridge; was in Sherman's campaigns to Savannah and through the Carolinas to Richmond ; was in the grand review at Washington, D. C, where it was mus- tered out June o, 1S65. THE THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY •was mustered into the service at Davenport October 13, 1862, with William Smyth, of Marion, as Colonel ; J. W. Jenkins, of Maquoketa, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and Ezekiel Cutler, of Anamosa, as Major. Company A was fi'om Linn County; Companies B, C and D, from Black Hawk County; Companies E, G and H, from Jones County ; Companies F, I and K, from Jackson County. Was engaged at ChickasaAV Bayou, Arkansas Post, Raymond, Jackson, Black River, Vicksburg, Cherokee, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ringgold, Taylor's Hills, Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Dallas, New Hope Church, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro ; was in Sherman's campaign through Georgia and the Carolinas, and was mustered oat at Louisville, Ken- tucky, June 27, 1865 THE THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY was organized at Dubuque, with John Scott, of Nevada, as Colonel ; E. H. Mix, of Shell Rock, as Lieutenant Colonel, and G. A. Eberhart, of Waterloo, as Major. Company A was from Hamilton, Hardin and Wright Counties; Company B, from Cerro Gordo County ; Company C, from Black Hawk County ; Company D, from Boone County ; Company E, from Butler County ; Company F, from Hardin County; Company G, from Butler and Floyd Coun- ties ; Company H, from Franklin County ; Ccynpany I, from Webster County, and Company K, from Marshall and Polk Counties, and was mustered into the United States service October 5, 1862. Was engaged at Fort De Russey, Pleasant Hill, Tupelo, Old Town Creek, Nashville, etc., and was mustered out of the United States service at Clinton, Iowa, Aug. 24, 1865. THE THIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY was organized at Oskaloosa, with Samuel A. Rice, of Oskaloosa, as Colonel ; Cyrus H. Maskey, of Sigourney, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Hiram D. Gibson, of Knoxville, as Major. Companies A and I were from Marion County; Com- panies B, F and H, from Keokuk County ; Companies C, D, E and K, from Makaska County, and Company G, from Marion, Makaska and Polk Counties, and mustered in October 1, 1862.'^ Was engaged at Little Rock, Helena, Sa- line River, Spanish Fort and Yazoo Pass. VVas mustered out at New Orleans, July 17, 1865. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. ^^"^ THE THIRTY-FOURTH INFANTRY was organized with George W. Clark, of Indianola, as Colonel ; W. S. Dungan, of Chariton, as Lieutenant Colonel, and R. D. Kellogg, of Decatur County, as Major, and mustered in at Burlington, October 15, 1862. Companies A and I were from Decatur County ; Companies B, C and D, from Warren County ; Com- pany E, from Lucas County; Company F, from Wayne County; Company G, from Lucas and Clark Counties ; Company H, from Madison and Warren Counties, and Company K, from Lucas County. Was engaged at Arkansas Post, Ft. Ga-ines, etc., etc. Was consolidated with the Thirty-eighth Infantry, January 1, 1865, and mustered out at Houston, Texas, August 15, 1865. THE THIRTY-FIFTH INFANTRY was organized at Muscatine, and mustered in the United States service Sep- tember 18, 1862, with S. G. Hill, of Muscatine, as Colonel ; James H. Roth- rock, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Henry 0' Conner, of Muscatine, as Major. Companies A, B, C, D and E, were from Muscatine County; Company F, from Muscatine and Louisa Counties ; Companies G, H and I, from Muscatine and Cedar Counties, and Company K, from Cedar County. Participated in the battles of Jackson, siege of Vicksburg, Bayou Rapids, Bayou de Glaze, Pleasant Hill, Old River Lake, Tupelo, Nashville, etc. Was mustered out at Davenport, August 10, 1865. THE THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY was organized at Keokuk, with Charles W. Kittredge, of Ottumwa, as Colonel ; F. M. Drake, of Unionville, Appanoose County, as Lieutenant Colonel, and T. C. Woodward, of Ottumwa, as Major, and mustered in October 4, 1862 ; Com- pany A was from Monroe County ; Companies B, D, E, H and K, from Wapello County, and Companies C, F, G and I, from Appanoose County. Was engaged in the following battles : Mark's Mills, Ark. ; Elkins' Ford, Camden, Helena, Jenkins' Ferry, etc. At Mark's Mills, April 25, 1864, out of 500 engaged, lost 200 killed and wounded, the balance being taken prisoners of war ; was exchanged October 6, 1864. Was mustered out at Duvall's Bluff, Ark., August 24, 1865. THE THIRY-SEVENTH INFANTRY (OR GRAY BEARDS; was organized with Geo. W, Kincaid, of Muscatine, as Colonel ; Geo. R. West, of Dubuque, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Lyman Allen, of Iowa City, as Major, and was mustered into United States service at Muscatine December 15, 1862. Company A was from Black Hawk and Linn Counties; Company B, from Muscatine County ; Company C, from Van Buren and Lee Counties ; Company D, from Johnson and Iowa Counties ; Company E, from Wapello and Mahaska Counties ; Company F, from Dubuque County ; Company G, from Appanoose, Des Moines, Henry and Washington Counties ; Company H, from Henry and Jefferson Counties ;■ Company I, from Jasper, Linn and other counties, and Company K, from Scott and Fayette Counties. The object of the Thirty- seventh was to do garrison duty and let the young men go to the front. It was mustered out at Davenport on expiration of three years' service. 118 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. THE THIRTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY was organized at Dubuque, and mustei-ed in November 4, 1862, with D. H. Hughes, of Decorah, as Colonel ; J. 0. Hudnutt, of Waverly, as Lieutenan, Colonel, and Charles Chadwick, of West Union, as Major. Companies A, Ft G and H were from Fayette County ; Company B, from Bremer County ; Com- pany C, from Chickasaw County ; Companies D, E and K, from Winneshiek County, and Company I, from Howard County. Participated in the siege of Vicksburg, Banks' Red River expedition, and on December 12, 1864, was consolidated with the Thirty-fourth Infantry. Mustered out at Houston, Texas, August 15, 1865. THE THIRTY-NINTH INFANTRY was organized with H. J. B. Cummings, of Winterset, as Colonel ; James Red- field, of Redfield, Dallas County, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and J. M. Grifiiths, of Des Moines, as Major. Companies A and F were from Madison County ; Companies B and I, from Polk Couuty ; Companies C and H, from Dallas County ; Company D, from Clark County ; Company E, from Greene County ; Company G, from Des Moines and Henry Counties ; and Company K, from Clark and Decatur Counties. Was engaged at Parker's Cross Roads, Tenn.; Corinth, Allatoona, Ga.; Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Sherman's march to Savannah and through the Carolinas to Richmond, and was mustered out at Washington June 5, 1865. THE FORTIETH INFANTRY was organized at Iowa City November 15, 1862, with John A. Garrett, of Newton, as Colonel; S. F. Cooper, of Grinnell, as Lieutenant Colonel; and S. G. Smith, of Newton, as Major. Companies A and H were from Marion County ; Company B, from Poweshiek Count}'- ; Company C, from Mahaska County ; Companies D and E, from Jasper County ; Company F, from Ma- haska and Marion Counties ; Company G, from Marion County ; Company I, from Keokuk County ; and Company K, from Benton and other counties. Par- ticipated in the siege of Vicksburg, Steele's expedition, Banks' Red River expedition. Jenkins' Ferry, etc. Was mustered out at Port Gibson August 2, 1866. THE FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY, formerly Companies A, B and C of the Fourteenth Infantry, became Compa- nies K, L and M of the Seventh Cavalry, under authority of the War Depart- ment. Its infantry organization was under command of John Pattee, of Iowa City. Company A was from Black Hawk, Johnson and other counties ; Com- pany B, from Johnson County ; and Company C, from Des Moines and various counties. THE FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) was organized at Davenport, and mustered in June 1, 1864. Company A was from Dubuque County ; Company B, Muscatine County ; Company C, Jones, Linn and Dubuque Counties; Company D, Johnson and Linn Counties; Com- pany E, Bremer and Butler Counties ; Company F, Clinton and Jackson Counties ; Company G, Marshall and Hardin Counties ; Company H, Boone and Polk Counties ; Companies I and K, Scott County. The Forty-fourth did garrison duty at Memphis and La Grange, Tenn. Mustered out at Daven- port, September 15, 1864. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 119 THE FORTY-FIFTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) was mustered in at Keokuk, May 25, 1864, with A. II. Bereman, of Mount Pleasant, as Colonel ; S. A. Moore, of Bloomfield, as Lieutenant Colonel, and J. E. Hope, of Washington, as Major. The companies were from the following counties : A, Henry ; B, Washington ; C, Lee ; D, Davis ; E, Henry and Lee ; F, Des Moines ; G, Des Moines and Henry ; H, Henry ; I, Jefferson, and K, Van Buren. Was mustered out at Keokuk, September 16, 1864. THE FORTY-SIXTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) was organized with D. B. Henderson, of Clermont, as Colonel ; L. D. Durbin, of Tipton, as Lieutenant Colonel, and G. L. Tarbet, as Major, and was mus- tered in at Dubuque, June 10, 1864. Company A was fvom Dubuque ; Com- pany B, from Poweshiek ; C, from Dallas and Guthrie ; D, from Taylor and Fayette; E, from Ringgold and Linn ; F, from Winneshiek and Delaware ; G, from Appanoose and Delaware ; H, from Wayne ; I, from Cedar, and K, from Lucas. Was mustered out at Davenport, September 23, 1864. THE FORTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) was mustered into United States service at Davenport, June 4, 1864, with James P. Sanford, of Oskaloosa, as Colonel; John Williams, of Iowa City, as Lieutenant Colonel, and G. J. Wright, of Des Moines, as Major. Company A was from Marion and Clayton Counties; Company B, from Appanoose County; Company C, from Wapello and Benton Counties; Company B, from Buchanan and Linn Counties; Company E, from Madison County; Company F, from Polk County; Company G, from Johnson County; Company H, from Keokuk County; Company I, from Mahaska County, and Company K, from Wapello. THE FORTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY BATTALION (100 DAYS) was organized at Davenport, and mustered in July 13, 1864, with 0. H. P. Scott, of Farmington, as Lieutenant Colonel. Company A was from Warren County; Company B, from Jasper County ; Company C, from Decatur County, and Company D, from Des Moines and Lee Counties, and was mustered out at Rock Island Barracks Oct. 21, 1864. CAVALRY. THE FIRST CAVALRY was organized at BurKngton, and mustered into the United States service May 3, 1861, with Fitz Henry Warren, of Burlington, as Colonel ; Chas. E. Moss, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and E. W. Chamberlain, of Burlington, James 0. Gower, of Iowa City, and W. M. G. Torrence, of Keokuk, as Majors. Company A was from Lee, Van Buren and Wapello Counties ; Company B, from Clinton County ; Company C, from Des Moines and Lee Counties ; Com- pany D, from Madison and Warren Counties; Company E, from Henry County ; Company F, from Johnson and Linn Counties ; Company G, from Dubuque and Black Hawk Counties ; Company H, from Lucas and Morrison Counties ; Company I, from Wapello and Des Moines Counties ; Company K, from Allamakee and Clayton Counties ; Company L, from Dubuque and other 120 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. counties; Company M, from Clinton County. It ^Yas engaged at Pleasant Hill, Mo.; Rolla, New Lexington, Elkins' Ford, Little Rock, Bayou Metoe, Wurrensburg, Big Creek Bluffs, AntAvineville, Clear Creek, etc. Was mustered out at Austin, Texas, February 15, 1866. THE SECOND CAVALRY was organized with W. L. Elliott, of the regular army, as Colonel ; Edward Hatch, of Muscatine, as Lieutenant Colonel; and N. P. Hepburn, of Marshall- town, D. E. Coon, of Mason City, and H. W. Love, of Iowa City, as Majors, and was mustered into the United States service at Davenport September 1, 1861. Company A was from Muscatine County ; Company B, from Marshall County ; Company C, from Scott County ; Company D, from Polk County ; Company E, from Scott County; Company F, from Hamilton and Franklin Counties ; Company G, from Muscatine County ; Company H, from Johnson County ; Company I, from Cerro Gordo, Delaware and other counties ; Com- pany K, from Des Moines County ; Company L, from Jackson County, and Company M, from .Jackson County. _ The Second Cavalry participated in the folloAving military movements : Siege of Corinth, battles of Farmington, Boone- ville, Rienzi, luka, Corinth, Coffeeville, Palo Alto, Birmingham, Jackson, Grenada, Collierville, Moscow, Pontotoc, Tupelo, Old Town, Oxford, and en- gagements against Hood's march on Nashville, battle of Nashville, etc.- W Was mustered out at Selma, Ala., September 19, 1865. THE THIRD CAVALRY was organized and mustered into the United States service at Keokuk, in Au- gust and September, 1861, with Cyrus Bussey, of Bloomfield, as Colonel; H. H. Bussey, of Bloomfield, as Lieutenant Colonel, and C. H. Perry, H. C. Cald- well and W. C. Drake, of Corydon, as Majors. Companies A and E were from Davis County ; Company B, from Van Buren and Lee Counties ; Company C, from Lee and Keokuk Counties; Company D, from Davis and Van Buren Counties ; Company F, from Jefferson County ; Company G, from Van Buren County ; Company H, from Van Buren and Jefferson Counties ; Company I, from Appanoose County ; Company K, from Wapello and Marion Counties ; Company L, from Decatur County, and Company M, from Appanoose and De- catur Counties. It was engaged in the following battles and skirmishes : Pea Ridge, La Grange, Sycamore, near Little Rock, Columbus, Pope's Farm, Big Blue, Ripley, Coldwater, Osage, Tallahatchie, Moore's Mill, near Monte- vallo, near Independence, Pine Bluff, Botts' Farm, Gun Town, White's Station, Tupelo, Village Creek. Was mustered out of United States service at Atlanta, Ga., August 9, 1865. "" THE FOURTH CAVALRY was organized with Asbury B. Porter, of Mount Pleasant, as Colonel ; Thomas Drummond, of Vinton, as Lieutenant Colonel ; S. D, Swan, of Mount Pleas- ant, J. E. Jewett, of Des Moines, and G. A. Stone, of Mol^nt Pleasant, as Majors, and mustered into L^nited States service at Mount Pleasant November 21, 1861. Company A was from Delaware County ; Company C, from Jef- ferson and Henry Counties ; Company D, from Henry County ; Company E, HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 121 from Jasper and Poweshiek Counties ; Company F, from Wapello County ; Company G, from Lee and Henry Counties ; Company H, from Chickasaw County ; Company I, from Madison County ; Company K, from Henry County ; Company L, from Des Moines and other counties ; and Company M, from Jefferson County. The Fourth Cavalry lost men in the following engage- ments : Guntown, Miss.; Helena, Ark.; near Bear Creek, Miss.; near Mem- phis, Tenn.; Town Creek, Miss.; Columbus, Ga.; Mechanicsburg, Miss.; Little Blue River, Ark.; Brownsville, Miss.; Ripley, Miss.; Black River Bridge, Miss.; Grenada, Miss.; Little Red River, Ark.; Tupelo, Miss.; Yazoo River, Miss.; White River, Ark.; Osage, Kan.; Lick Creek, Ark.; Okalona, Miss.; St. Francis River, Ark. Was mustered out at Atlanta, Ga., August 10, 1865. THE FIFTH CAVALRY was organized at -Omaha with Wm. W. Lowe, of the regular army,, as Col(»- ■ nel ; M. T. Patrick, of Omaha, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and C. S. Bernstein, of Dubuque, as Major, and mustered in September 21, 1861. Companies A, B, C and D were mostly from Nebraska ; Company E, from Dubuque County ; Company F, from Des Moines, Dubuque and Lee Counties; Company G, from Minnesota; Company H, from Jackson and other counties; Companies I and K were from Minnesota ; Company L, from Minnesota and Missouri ; Com- pany M, from Missouri ; Companies G, I and K were transferred to Minnesota Volunteers Feb. 25, 1864. The new Company G was organized from veterans and recruits and Companies C, E, F and I of Fifth Iowa Infantry, and trans- ferred to Fifth Cavalry August 8, 1864. The second Company 1 was organ- ized from veterans and recruits and Companies A, B, D, G, H and K of the Fifth Iowa Infantry, and transferred to Fifth Iowa Cavalry August 18, 1864. Was engaged at second battle of Fort Donelson, Wartrace, Duck River Bridge, Sugar Creek, Newnan, Camp Creek, Cumberland Works, Tenn.; Jonesboro, Ebenezer Church, Lockbridge's Mills, Pulaski, Cheraw, and mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., August 11, 1865. THE SIXTH CAVALRY. was organized with D. S. Wilson, of Dubuque, as Colonel ; S. M. Pollock, of Dubuque, as Lieutenant Colonel ; T. H. Shephard, of Iowa City, E. P. Ten- Broeck, of Clinton, and A, E. House, of Delhi, as Majors, and was mustered in at Davenport, January 31, 1863. Company A was from Scott and other counties ; Company B, from Dubuque and other counties ; Company C, from Fayette County; Company D, from Winneshiek County; Company E, from Southwest counties of the State ; Company F, from Allamakee and other counties ; Company G, from Delaware and Buchanan Counties ; Company H, from Linn County ; Company I, from Johnson and other counties ; Company K, from Linn County ; Company L, from Clayton County ; Company M, from Johnson and Dubuque Counties. The Sixth Cavalry operated on the frontier against the Indians. Was mustered out at Sioux City, October 17, 1865, THE SEVENTH CAVALRY was organized at Davenport, and mustered into the United States service April 27, 1863, with S. W. Summers, of Ottumwa, as Colonel ; John Pattee, of Iowa City, as Lieutenant Colonel; H. H. Heath and G. M. O'Brien, of Dubuque, 122 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. and John S. Wood, of Ottumwa, as Majors. Companies A, B, C and D, were from Wapello and other counties in innnediate vicinity; Companies E, F, G and H, were from all parts of the State; Company 1, from Sioux City and known as Sioux City Cavalry; Company K was originally Company A of the Fourteenth Infantry and afterward Company A of the Forty-first Infantry, was from Johnson and other ^ounties ; Company L was originally Company B, of the Forty-first Infantry and afterward Company B, of the Forty , and was from Johnson County; Company M was originally Company C, of the Fourteenth Infantry, and afterward Company C, of the Forty-first and from Des Moines and other counties. The Seventh Cavalry operated against the Indi- ans. Excepting the Lieutenant Colonel and Companies K, L and M, the regi- ment was mustered out at Leavenworth, Kansas, May 17, 18(!G. Companies K, L, and M were mustered out at Sioux City, June '22, 1866. THE EIGHTH CAVALRY was organized with J. B. Dorr, of Dubuque, as Colonel ; H. G. Earner, of Sidney, as Lieutenant Colonel ; John J. Bowen, of Hopkinton, J, D. Thompson, of Ehiora, and A. J. Price, of Guttenburg, as Majors, and were mustered in at Davenport September 30, 1863. The companies were mostly from the follow- ing counties : Company A, Page ; B, Wapello ; C, Van Buren ; I), Ring- go hi ; E, Henry; F, Appanoose; G, Clayton ; H, Appanoose; I, Marshall; K, Muscatine; L, Wapello; M, Polk. The Eightii did a large amount of duty guarding Sherman's communications, in Avhich it had many small engagements, it was in the battles of Lost Mountain, Lovejoy's Station, Newnan, Nashville, etc. Was on Stoneman's cavalry raid around Atlanta, and Wilson's raid through Alabama. Was mustered out at Macon, Ga., August 13, 1865. THE NINTH CAVALRY was mustered in at Davenport, November 30, 1863, with M. M. Trumbull, of Cedar Falls, as Colonel ; J. P. Knight, of Mitchell, as Lieutenant Colonel; E. T. Ensign, of Des Moines, Willis Drummond, of McGregor, and William Had- dock, of Waterloo, as Majors. Company A was from Muscatine County ^ Company B, Linn County; Company C, AVapello and Decatur Counties ; Com- pany D, Washington County ; Company E, Fayette County ; Company F, Claytnn County ; Companies G and H, various counties ; Company I, Wapello and Jefferson Counties ; Company K, Keokuk County ; Company L, Jasper and Marion Counties ; Company M, Wapello and Lee Counties. Was mustered out at Little Rock, Ark., February 28, 1866. ARTILLERY. THE FIRST BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY was enrolled in the counties of Wapello, Des Moines, Dubuque, Jeflferson, Black Hawk, etc., and was mustered in at Burlington, Aug. 17, 1861, with C. H. Fletcher, of Burlington, as Captain. Was engaged at Pea Ridge, Port Gibson, in Atlanta campaign, Chickasaw Bayou, Lookout Mountain, etc. Was mus- tered out at Davenport July 5, 1865. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. THE SECOND BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY 123 was enrolled in the counties of Dallas, Polk, Harrison, Fremont and Pottawat- tamie, and mustered into United irUates service at Council Bluffs and St. Louis, Mo , Aug. 8 and 31, 1861, with Nelson T. Spear, of Council Bluffs, as Captain. Was engaged at Farmington, Corinth, etc. Was mustered out at Davenport, Aug. 7, 1865. THE THIRD BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY was enrolled in the counties of Dubuque, Black Hawk, Butler and Floyd, and mustered into United States service at Dubuque, September, 1861, with M. M. Hayden, of Dubuque, as Captain. Was at battle of Pea Ridge, etc., etc. Was mustered out at Davenport, Oct. 23, 1865. THE FOURTH BATTERY OP LIGHT ARTILLERY was enrolled in Mahaska, Henry, Mills and Fremont Counties, and was mus- tered in at Davenport, Nov. 23, 1863, with P. H. Goode, of Glenwood, Cap- tain. Was mustered out at Davenport, July 14, 1865. MISCELLANEOUS. THE FOURTH BATTALION Company A, from Fremont County, W. Hoyt, Captain; Company B, from Taylor County, John Flick, Captain; Company C, from Page County, J. Whitcomb, Captain. THE NORTHERN BORDER BRIGADE was organized by the State of Iowa to protect the Northwestern frontier, James A. Sawyer, of Sioux City, was elected Colonel. It had Companies A, B, C, D and E, all enlisted from the Northwestern counties. THE SOUTHERN BORDER BRIGADE was organized by the State for the purpose of protecting tlie Southern border of the State, and was organized in counties on the border of Missouri. Com- pany A, First Battalion, was from Lee County, Wm. Sole, Captain; Company B, First Battalion, Joseph Dickey, Captain, from Van Buren County; Company A, Second Battalion, from Davis County, Capt. H. B. Horn; Company B, Sec- ond Battalion, from Appanoose County, E. B. Skinner, Captain; Company A, Third Battalion, from Decatur County, J. H. Simmons, Captain; Company B, Third Battalion, from Wayne County, E. F. Estel, Captain; Company C, Third Battalion, from Ringgold County, N. Miller, Captain. THE FIRST INFANTRY AFRICAN DESCENT — (SIXTIETH U. S.) was organized with John G. Hudson, Captain Company B, Thirty-third Mis- souri, as Colonel; M. F. Collins, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel, and J. L. Murphy, of Keokuk, as Major. Had ten companies, and were mustered in at various places in the Fall of 1863. The men were fiora all parts of the State and some from Missouri. 124 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lO'.VA. During the war, the following promotions were made by the United States Government from Iowa regiments:* MAJOR GENERALS Samuel K. Curtis, Brigadier General, from March 21, 1863. Frederick Steele, Brigadier (leneral, from oSTovember 39, 1863. Frank J. Ilerron, Brigadier General, from ISTovember 29, 1863. Grenville M. Dodge, Brigadier General, from June 7, 1864. BRIGADIER GENERALS. Samuel R. Curtis, Colonel 2d Infantry, from May 17, 1861. Frederick Steele, Colonel 8th Infantry, from February 6, 1863. Jacob G. Lauman, Colonel 7th Infantry, from March 21, 1862. Grenville M. Dodge, Colonel 4th Infantry, from March 31, 1863. James M. Tuttle, Colonel 2d Infantry, from June 9, 1862. AVashington L. Elliott, Colonel 2d Cavalry, from June 11, 1863. Fitz Henry Warren, Colonel 1st Cavalry , from July 6, 1862. Frank J. Ilerron, Lieutenant Colonel 9th Infantry, from July 30, 1863. Charles L. Matthies, Colonel 5th Infantry, from November 29, 1863. William Vandever, Colonel 9th Infantry, from November 29, 1862. Marcellus M. Crocker, Colonel 13th Infantry, from Nov. 29, 1862. (Since died.) Hugh T. Eeid, Colonel 15th Infantry from March 13, 1863. Samuel A. Rice, Colonel 33d Infantry, from August 4, 1863. John M. Corse, Colonel 6th Infantry, from August 11, 1863. Cyrus Bussey, Colonel 3d Cavalry, from January 5, 1864. Edward Hatch, Colonel 2d Cavalry, from April 27, 1864. Elliott W. Rice, Colonel 7th Infantry, from June 20, 1864. Wm. W. Belknap, Colonel 15th Infantry, from July 30, 1864. John Edwards, Colonel 18th Infantry, from September 26, 1864. James A. Williamson, Colonel 4th Infantry, from January 13, 1864. James I. Gilbert, Colonel 27th Infantry, from February 9, 1865. BREVET MAJOR GENERALS. John M. Corse, Brigadier General from October 5, 1864. Edward Hatch, Brigadier General, from December l-l, 1864. Wm. ^V. Belknap, Brigadier General, from March 13, 1865. W. L. Elliott, Brigadier General, from March 13, 1865. Wm. Vandever, Brigadier General, from June 7, 1865. BREVET BRIGADIER GENERALS. Wm. T. Clark, A. A. G., late of 13th Infantry, from July 23, 1864. Edward F. Winslow, Colonel 4th Cavalry, from December 13, 1864. S. G. Hill, Colonel 35th Infantry, from December 15, 1804. (Since died.) Thos. H. Benton, Colonel 29tli Infantry, from December 15, 1864. Samuel L. Glasgow, Colonel 23d Infantry, from December 19, 1864. Clark R. Wever, Colonel 17th Infantry, from February 9, 1865. Francis M. Drake, Lieutenant Colonel 36th Infantry, from February 33, 1865. Geojge A. Stone, Colonel 25th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. Datus E. Coon, Colonel 2d Cavalry, from March 8, 1865. George W. Clark, Colonel 34th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. Herman H. Heath, Colonel 7th Cavalry, from March 13, 1865. J. M. Hedrick, Colonel 15th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. W. W. Lowe, Colonel 5th Cavalry, from March 13, 1865. ♦Thomas J. McKean was appointed Paymaster in U. S. A. from Iowa, and subsequently promoted Brigadier General, to date from Nov. 21, 1801. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 125 NUMBER OF TROOPS FURNISHED BY THE STATE OF IOWA DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION, TO JANUARY 1, 1865. No. Regiment. No. of men. No. Regiment. 39th Iowa Infantry 40th " •' No. of men. 959 1,247 1 ,074 1,184 1,037 1,013 1,138 1,027 1,090 1,027 1,022 981 989 840 1,196 919 956 875 985 925 980 1,008 961 979 995 919 940 956 1,005 978 977 925 985 953 984 986 914 910 933 2d ' , 9('0 3d 41st Battalion Iowa Infantry 294 4th ' 44th Infantry (lOO-days men) 867 5 th ' 45th " " " 912 6th ' 46th " " " 47th " " " 80 -J 7th ' 884 8th ' 48th Battalion '■ " 34(1 9th ' 1st Iowa Cavalry 2d " " 1,478 10th ' 1 394 11th • 3d " " 1.360 12th « 4th " " ] ,227 13th ' 5th " " 1,245 14th « 6th " " 1,125 15th ' 7th '• " 562 16th « 8th " " 1,234 17th ' 9th " " 1,178 18th ' Sioux City Cavalry* 93 19th ' Co. A, 11th Penn. Cavalry 1st IBattery Artillery 2d 87 20th ' 149 21st ' 123 22d ' 3d " " 142 23d ' 4th " " ; 152 24th ' 1st Iowa African Infantry, 60th U. Sf.. Dodge's Brigade Band Ep.nd of 2d Iowa Infantry 903 25 th • 14 26th ' 10 27th ' Enlistments as far as reported to .Tan. 1, 1864, for the older Iowa regiments Enlistments of Iowa men in regiments of other States, over 28th ' 2,765 29th ' 30th ' 2,500 31st ' 32d ' Total 61,653 33d ' 34th ' Re-enlisted Veterans for different Regi- 7,202 35th ' Additionul enlistments 6,604 36th ' Grand total as far as reported up to Jan. 1, 1865 37th ' 38th ' 75,519 This does not include those Iowa men who veteranized in the regiments of other States, nor tbe names of men who enlisted during 1864, in regiments of other States. * Afterward consolidated with Seventh Cavalry, f Only a portion of this regiment was credited to the State. 126 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND ITS AMENDMENTS. We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessitigs of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Article I. Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of mem- bers chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the sev- eral states which may be included within this Union, according to theii respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subse- quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one Representative ; and until such enumeration shall be made the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plan- tations one, Connecticut five. New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylva- nia eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten. North Carolina five, and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. Sec. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years ; and each Senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expira- AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 127^? tion of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third chiss at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any state, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be chosen. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President joro tempore^ in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside. And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment according to law. Sec. 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Sen- ators and Representatives shall l)e prescribed in each state by the Legis- lature thereof ; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. Sec. 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns, and qualifications of its own members., and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. Sec. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compen- sation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, ^28 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time ; and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office. Sec. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President the United States ; if he approve he shall sign it ; but if not he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi- nated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objec- tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by veas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United States, and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and lim- itations prescribed in the case of a bill. Sec. 8. The Congress shall have power — To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts, and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United Gtates ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States ; To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several Str.tes, and with the Indian tribes ; To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ; To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures ; To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States; To establish post offices and post roads ; AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 129 To promote the progress of sciences and useful arts, by securing, for 3'mited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries ; To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ; To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations ; To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water ; To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years ; To provide and maintain a navy ; To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces ; To provide for calling farth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions ; To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the disci- pline prescribed by Congress ; To exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful buildings ; and To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying intc execution tlie foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any depart- ment or officer thereof. Sec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or rev- enue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expeditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. 9 130 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States : and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. Sec. 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confeder- ation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of credit ; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States , and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or ■engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. Article II. Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same term, be elected as follows : Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. [ * The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The Pres- ident of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Rep- resentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a ma- jority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, • This clause between .brackets has been superseded and annulled by the Twelftbamendment. AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 131 the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-Presi- dent.] The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and the day on which the}^ shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-Puesident, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inabil- ity, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the dis- ability be removed, or a President shall be elected. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- pensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States or any of them. Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the fol- lowing oath or affirmation : " I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." Sec. 2. The President shall be commander in chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States ; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have powe]" to grant reprieves and pardon for offenses against the United States, exoept in cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present con- cur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law ; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. Sec. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such mea- sures as he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may on extraordinary 132 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES occasions convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagree- ment between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn tliem to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States. Sec. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and con- viction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. Article III. Section I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. Sec. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more states ; between a state and citizens of another state ; between citizens of differ- ent states ; between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens, or subjects. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, and those in which a state shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury ; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed ; but when not committed within any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levy- ing war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the tes- timony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. Article IV. Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 133 the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. Sec. 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states. A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the state having jurisdicfon of the crime. No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. Sec. 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state ; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of the Legislatures of the states concerned, as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular state. Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion, and on application of the Legislature, or of the Execu- tive (when the Legislature can not be convened), against domestic vio- lence. Article V. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the ap- plication of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, when rati- fied by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several states, or by con- ventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratifi- cation may be proposed by the Congress. Provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article ; and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. Article VI. All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adop- tion of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confederation. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land ; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the mem- 134 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES bers of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial offi^ cers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. Article VII. The ratification of the Conventions of nine states shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifying the same. Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names. GEO. WASHINGTON, President arid Deputy from Virginia. New Hampshire. John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman. Massachusetts. Nathaniel Goeham, RuFus King. Connecticut. "Wm. Sam'l Johnson, Roger Sherman. Delaware. Geo. Read, John Dickinson, Jaco. Broom, Gunning Bedford, Jr., Richard Bassett. Maryland. James M'Henry, Danl. Carroll, Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifer. New York. Alexander Hamilton. New Jersey. WiL. Livingston, Wm. Paterson, David Brearley, JoNA. Dayton. Virginia. John Blair, James Madison, Jr. North Carolina. Wm. Blount, Hu. Williamson, Rich'd Dobbs Spaight. Pennsylvania. B. Franklin, Robt. Morris, Thos. Fitzsimons, James Wilson, Thos. Mifflin, Geo. Clymer, Jared Ingersoll, Gouv. Morris. South Carolina. • J. Rutledge, Charles Pinckney, Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney, Pierce Butler. Georgia. William Few, Abr. Baldwin. WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 135 Akticles in Addition to and Amendatory of the Constitution OF THE United States of America. Proposed hy Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the several states^ pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution. Article I. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Article II. A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Article III. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be pre- scribed by law. Article IV. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers* and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio- lated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Article V. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger ; " nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law ; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Article VI. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor ; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. Article VII. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shaU be preserved, and no fact 136 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law. Article VIII. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Article IX. The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Article X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. Article XI. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub- jects of any foreign state. Article XII. The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they shall name in their ballots the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- President, and of the number of votes for each, vv^hich list they shall sign and certif^s and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and if no person have such majorit}^, then from the persons having the highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two- thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi- dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be the majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major- AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 137 itj; then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. Aeticle XIII. Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- diction. Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- priate legislation. Article XIV. Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice- President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu- tive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num- ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state. Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previ- ously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu- tive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may. by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author- ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- tioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. 138 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. Article XV. Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. ABSTRACT OF IO¥A STATE LAWS. BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES. Upon negotiable bills, and notes payable in this State, grace shall be allowed according to the law merchant. All the above mentioned paper falling due on Sunday, New Year's Day, the Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed or recommended by the President of the United States or the Governor of the State, as a day of fast or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day pre- vious. No defense can be made against a negotiable instrument (assigned before due) in the hands of the assignee without notice, except fraud was used in obtaining the same. To hold an indorser, due diligence must be used by suit against the maker or his representative. Notes payable to person named or to order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payee. Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and when so payable, every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment, unless otherwise expressed. In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a month shall be considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less than a month, a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes only bear interest when so expressed ; but after due, they draw the legal interest, even if not stated. INTEREST. The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree, in writing, on a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest greater than ten per cent, is contracted" for, it works a forfeiture of ten per cent, to the school fund, and only the principal sum can be recovered. DESCENT. The personal property of the deceased (except (1) that necessary for pay- ment of debts and expenses of administration ; (2) property set apart to widow, as exempt from execution; (3) allowance by court, if necessary, of twelve months' support to widow, and to children under fifteen years of age), including life insurance, descends as does real estate. One-third in value (absolutely) of all estates in real property, possessed by husband at any time during marriage, which have not been sold on execution or other judicial sale, and to which the wife has made no relinquishment of her right, shall be set apart as her property, in fee simple, if she survive him. ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 139 The same share shall be set apart to the surviving husband of a deceased wife. The widow's share cannot be affected by any will of her husband's, unless she consents, in writing thereto, within six months after notice to her of pro- visions of the will. The provisions of the statutes of descent apply alike to surviving husband or surviving wife. Subject to the above., the remaining estate of which the decedent died siezed, shall in absence of other arrangements by will, descend First. To his or her children and their descendants in equal parts ; the descendants of the deceased child or grandchild taking the share of their deceased parents in equal shares amoHg them. Second. Where there is no child, nor descendant of such child, and no widow or surviving husband, then to the parents of the deceased in equal parts ; the surviving parent, if either be dead, taking the whole ; and if there is no parent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their descend- ants. Third. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or chil- dren, or descendants of the same, then one-half of the estate shall descend to such widow or surviving husband, absolutely ; and the other half of the estate shall descend as in other cases where there is no widow or surviving husband, or child or children, or descendants of the same. Fourth. If there is no child, parent, brother or sister, or descendants of either of them, then to wife of intestate, or to her heirs, if dead, according to like rules. Fifth. If any intestate leaves no child, parent, brother or sister, or de- scendants of either of thein, and no widow or surviving husband, and no child, parent, brother or sister (or descendant of either of them) of such widow or surviving husband, it shall escheat to the State. WILLS AND ESTATES OF DECEASED PERSONS. No exact form of words are necessary in order to make a will good at law. Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, and every female of the age of eighteen years, of sound mind and memory, can make a valid will ; it must be in writing, signed by the testator, or by some one in his or her presence, and by his or her express direction, and attested ])y two or more competent wit- nesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not interested in the will. Inventory to be made by executor or administrator within fifteen days from date of letters testamentary or of administration. Executors' and administra- tors' compensation on amount of personal estate distributed, and for proceeds of sale of real estate, five per cent, for first one thousand dollars, two and one-half per cent, on overplus up to five thousand dollars, and one per cent, on overplus above five thousand dollars, with such additional allowance as shall be reasona- ble for extra services. Within ten days after the receipt of letters of administration, the executor or administrator shall give such notice of appointment as the court or clerk shall direct. Claims (other than preferred) must be filed within one year thereafter, are forever barred, unless the claim is pending in the District or Supreme Court, or unless peculiar circumstances entitle the claimant to equitable relief. 140 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. Claims are classed and payable in the following order : 1. Expenses of administration. 2. Expenses of last sickne.«s and funeral. 3. Allowance to widow and children, if made by the court. 4. Debts preferred under laws of the United States. 5. Public rates and taxes. 6. Claims filed within six months after the first publication of the notice given b J the executors of their appointment. 7. All other debts. 8. Legacies. The atvard, or property which must be set apart to the widow, in her own right, by the executor, includes all personal property which, in the hands of th<» deceased, as head of a family, would have been exempt from execution. TAXES. The owners of personal property, on the first day of January of each year, and the owners of real property on the first day of November of each year, are liable for the taxes thereon. The following property is exempt from taxation, viz. : 1. The property of the. United States and of this State, including univer- sity, agricultural, college and school lands and all property leased to the State ; property of a county, township, city, incorporated town or school district when devoted entirely to the public use and not held for pecuniary profit ; public grounds, including all places for the burial of the dead ; fire engines and all implements for extinguishing fires, with the grounds used exclusively for their buildings and for the meetings of the fire companies ; all public libraries, grounds and buildings of literary, scientific, benevolent, agricultural and reli- gious institutions, and societies devoted solely to the appropriate objects of these institutions, not exceeding 640 acres in extent, and not leased or otherwise used with a view of pecuniary profit ; and all property leased to agricultural, charit- able institutions and benevolent societies, and so devoted during the term of such lease ; provided, that all deeds, by which such property is held, shall be duly filed for record before the property therein described shall be omitted from the assessment. "*' 2. The books, papers and apparatus belonging to the above institutions; used solely for the purposes above contemplated, and the like property of stu- dents in any such institution, used for their education. 3. Money and credits belonging exclusively to such institutions and devoted solely to sustaining them, but not exceeding in amount or income the sum pre- scribed by their charter. 4. Animals not hereafter specified, the wool shorn from sheep, belonging to the person giving the list, his farm produce harvested within one year previous to the listing ; private libraries not exceeding three hundred dollars in value ; family pictures, kitchen furniture, beds and bedding requisite for each family, all wearing apparel in actual use, and all food provided for the family ; but no person from whom a compensation for board or lodging is received or expected, is to be considered a member of the family within the intent of this clause. , '^ 5. The polls or estates or both of persons who, by reason of age or infirm- ity, may, in the opinion of the Assessor, be unable to contribute to the public ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 141 revenue ; such opinion and the fact upon which it is based being in all cases reported to the Board of Equalization by the Assessor or any other person, and subject to reversal by them. 6. The farming utensils of any person- who makes his livelihood by farming, and the tools of any mechanic, not in either case to exceed three hundred dollars in value. 7. Government lands entered or located or lands purchased from this State, should not be taxed for the year in Avhich the entry, location or purchase is made. There is also a suitable exemption, in amount, for planting fruit trees or forest trees or hedges. Where buildings are destroyed by fire, tornado or other unavoidable casu- alty, after being assessed for the year, the Board of Supervisors nr.iy rebate taxes for that year on the property destroyed, if same has not been sold for taxes, and if said taxes have not been delinqrient for thirty days at the time of destruction of the property, and the rebate shall be allowed for such loss only as is not covered by insurance. All other property is subject to taxation. Every inhabitant of full age and sound mind shall assist the Assessor in listing all taxable properiy of which he is the owner, or which he controls or manages, either as agent, guardian, father, husband, trustee, executor, accounting officer, partner, mortgagor or lessor, mortgagee or lessee. Road beds of railway corporations shall not be assessed to owners of adja- cent property,' but shall be considered the property of the companies for pur- poses of taxation ; nor shall real estate used as a public highway be assessed and taxed as part of adjacent lands whence the same was taken for such public purpose. The property of railway, telegraph and express companies shall be listed and assessed for taxation as the property of an individual would be listed and assessed for taxation. Collection of taxes made as in the case of an individual. The Township Board of Equalization shall meet first Monday in April of each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. The County Board of Eqalization (the Board of Supervisors) meet at their regular session in June of each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. Taxes become delinquent February 1st of each year, payable, without interest or penalty, at any time before March 1st of each year. Tax sale is held on first Monday in October of each year. Redemption may be made at any time within three years after date of sale, by paying to the County Auditor the amount of sale, and ttventy jjer ceiitum of such amount immediately added as penalty, with ten per cent, interest per annum on the whole amount thus made from the day of sale, and also all sub- sequent taxes, interest and costs paid by purchaser after March 1st of each year, and a similar penalty of twenty per centum added as before, with ten per cent, interest as before. If notice has been given, by purchaser, of the date at which the redemption is limited, the cost of same is added to the redemption money. Ninety days' notice is required, by the statute, to be published by the purchaser or holder of certificate, to terminate the right of redemption. 142 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS JURISDICTION OF COURTS DISTRICT COURTS have jurisdiction, general and original, both civil and criminal, except in such cases where Circuit Courts have exclusive jurisdiction. District Courts have exclusive supervision over courts of Justices of the Peace and Magistrates, in criminal matters, on appeal and writs of error. CIRCUIT COURTS have jurisdiction, general and original, with the District Courts, in all civil actions and special proceedings, and exclusive jurisdiction in all appeals and writs of error from inferior courts, in civil matters. And exclusive jurisdiction in matters of estates and general probate business. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE have jurisdiction in civil matters where $100 or less is involved. By consent of parties, the jurisdiction may be extended to an amount not exceeding |30U. They have jurisdiction to try and determine all public offense less than felony, committed within their respective counties, in which the fine, by law, does not exceed ^'100 or the imprisonment thirty days. LIMITATION OF ACTIONS. Action for injuries to the person or reputation; for a stutute penalty; and to enforce a mechanics' lien, must be brought in tAvo (2) years. Those against a public officer within three (3) years. Those founded on unwritten contracts; for injuries to property ; for relief on the ground of fraud ; and all other actions not otherwise provided for, within five (5) years. Those founded on written contracts; on judgments of any court (except those provided for in next section), and for the recovery of real property, within ten (10) years. Those founded on judgment of any court of racord in the United States, within twenty (20) years. All above limits, except those for penalties and forfeitures, are extended in favor of minors and insane persons, until one year after the disability is removed — time during which defendant is a non-resident of the State shall not be included in computing any of the above periods. Actions for the recovery of real property, sold for non-payment of taxes, must be brought within five years after the Treasurer's Deed is executed and recorded, except where a minor or convict or insane person is the owner, and they shall be allowed five years after disability is removed, in which to bring action. JURORS. All qualified electors of the State, of good moral character, sound judgment, and in full possession of the senses of hearing and seeing, are competent jurors in their respective counties. United States officers, practicing attorneys, physicians ond clergymen, acting professors or teachers in institutions of learning, and persons disabled by AxlSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 1^3 bodily infirmity or over sixty-five years of age, are exempt from liability to act as jurors. Any person may be excused from serving on a jury when his own interests or the public's will be materially injured by his attendance, or when the state of his health or the death, or sickness of his family requires his absence. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT was restored by the Seventeenth General Assembly, making it optional with the jury to inflict it or not. A MARRIED WOMAN may convey or incumber real estate, or interest therein, belonging to her ; may control the same or contract with reference thereto, as other persons may con- vey, encumber, control or contract. She may own, acquire, hold, convey and devise property, as her husband may. Her husband is not liable for civil injuries committed by her. She may convey property to her husband, and he may convey to her. She may constitute her husband her attorney in fact. EXEMPTIONS FROM EXECUTION. A resident of the State and head of a family may hold the following prop- erty exempt from execution : All wearing apparel of himself and family kept for actual use and suitable to the condition, and the trunks or other receptacles nec- essary to contain the same ; one musket or rifle and shot-gun ; all private libraries, family Bibles, portraits, pictures, musical instruments, and paintings not kept for the purpose of sale ; a seat or pew occupied by the debtor or his family in any house of public worship ; an interest in a public or private burying ground not exceeding one acre; two cows and a calf; one horse, unless a horse is exempt as hereinafter provided ; fifty sheep and the wool therefrom, and the materials manufactured from said wool ; six stands of bees ; five hogs and all pigs under six months ; the necessary food for exempted animals for six months ; all flax raised from one acre of ground, and manufactures therefrom ; one bed- stead and necessary bedding for every two in the family ; all cloth manufactured by the defendant not exceeding one hundred yards ; household and kitchen fur- niture not exceeding two hundred dollars in value ; all spinning wheels and looms ; one sewing machine and other instruments of domestic laber kept for actual use ; the necessary provisions and fuel for the use of the family for six months ; the proper tools, instruments, or books of the debtor, if a farmer, mechanic, surveyor, clergyman, lawyer, physician, teacher or professor; the horse or the team, consisting of not more than two horses or mules, or two yokes of cattle, and the wagon or other vehicle, with the proper harness or tackle, by the use of which the debtor, if a physician, public officer, farmer, teamster or other laborer, habitually earns his living ; and to the debtor, if a printer, there shall also be exempt a printing press and the types, furniture and material nec- essary for the use of such printing press, and a newspaper office to the value of twelve hundred dollars ; the earnings of such debtor, or those of his family, at any time within ninety days next precednig the levy. Persons unmarried and not the head of a family, and non-residents, have exempt their own ordinary wearing apparel and trunks to contain the same. 144 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. There is also exempt, to a head of a family, a homestead, not exceeding forty acres ; or, if inside city limits, one-half acre with improvements, value not limited. The homestead is liable for all debts contracted prior to its acquisition as such, and is subject to mechanics' liens for work or material furnished for the same. An article, otherwise exempt, is liable, on execution, for the purchase money thereof. Where a debtor, if a head of a family, has started to leave the State, he shall have exempt only the ordinary wearing apparel of himself and family, and other property in addition, as he may select, in all not exceeding seventy-five dollars in value. A policy of life insurance shall inure to the separate use of the husband or wife and children, entirely independent of his or her creditors. ESTRAYS. An unbroken animal shall not be taken up as an estray between May 1st and November 1st, of each year, unless the same be found within the lawful enclosure of a householder, who alone can take up such animal, unless some other person gives him notice of the fact of such animal coming on his place ; and if he fails, within five days thereafter, to take up such estray, any other householder of the township may take up such estray and proceed with it as if taken on his own premises, provided he shall prove to the Justice of the Peace such notice, and shall make affidavit where such estray was taken up. Any swine, sheep, goat, horse, neat cattle or other animal distrained (for damage done to one's enclosure), when the owner is not known, shall be treated as an estray. Within five days after taking up an estray, notice, containing a full descrip- tion thereof, shall be posted up in three of the most public places in the town- ship ; and in ten days, the person taking up such estray shall go before a Justice of the Peace in the township and make oath as to where such estray was taken up, and that the marks or brands have not been altered, to his knowledge. The estray shall then be appraised, by order of the Justice, and the appraisement, description of the size, age, color, sex, marks and brands of the estray shall be entered by the Justice in a book kept for that purpose, and he shall, within ten days thereafter, send a certified copy thereof to the County Auditor. When the appraised value of an estray does not exceed five dollars, the Justice need not proceed further than to enter the description of the estray on his book, and if no owner appears within six months, the property shall vest in the finder, if he has complied with the law and paid all costs. Where appraised value of estray exceeds five and is less than ten dollars, if no owner appears in nine months, the finder has the property, if he has com- plied with the law and paid costs. An estray, legally taken up, may be used or worked with care and moderation. If any person unlawfully take up an estray, or take up an estray and fiiil to comply with the law regarding estrays, or use or work it contrary to above, or work it before having it appraised, or keep such estray out of the county more than five days at one time, before acquiring ownership, such off"ender shall forfeit to the county twenty dollars, and the owner may recover double damages with costs. If the owner of any estray fail to claim and prove his title for one year after the taking up, and the finder shall have complied with the law, a comnlete title vests in the finder. ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 145 But if the owner appear within eighteen months from the taking up, prove his ownership and pay all costs and expenses, the finder shall pay him the appraised value of such estray, or may, at his option, deliver up the estray. WOLF SCALPS. A bounty of one dollar is paid for wolf scalps. MARKS AND BRANDS. Any person may adopt his own mark or brand for his domestic animals, and have a description thereof recorded by the Township Clerk. No person shall adopt the recorded mark or brand of any other person residing in his township. DAMAGES FROM TRESPASS. • When any person's lands are enclosed by a laxvful fence, the owner of any domestic animal injuring said lands is liable for the damages, and the damages may be recovered by suit against the owner, or may be made by distraining the animals doing the damage ; and if the party injured elects to recover by action against the owner, no appraisement need be made by the Trustees, as in case of distraint. When trespassing animals are distrained within twenty-four hours, Sunday not included, the party injured shall notify the owner of said animals, if known ; and if the owner fails to satisfy the party within twenty-four hours thereafter, the party shall have the township Trustees assess the damage, and notice shall be posted up in three conspicuous places in the township, that the stock, or part thereof, shall, on the tenth day after posting the notice, between the hours of 1 and 3 P. M., be sold to the highest bidder, to satisfy said damages, with costs. Appeal lies, within twenty days, from the action of the Trustees to the Cir- cuit Court. Where stock is restrained, by police regulation or by law, from running at large, any person injured in his improved or cultivated lands by any domestic animal, may, by action against the owner of such animal, or by distraining such animal, recover his damages, whether the lands whereon the injury was done were inclosed by a lawful fence or not. FENCES. A lawful fence is fifty-four inches high, made of rails, wire or boards, with posts not more than ten feet apart where rails are used, and eight feet where boards are used, substantially built and kept in good repair ; or any other fence which, in the opinion of the Fence Viewers, shall be declared a lawful fence — provided the lower rail, wire or board be not more that twenty nor less than six- teen inches from the ground. The respective owners of lands enclosed with fences shall maintain partition fences between their own and next adjoining enclosure so long as they impiove them in equal shares, unless otherwise agreed between them. If any party neglect to maintain such partition fence as he should maintain, the Fence Viewers (the township Trustees), upon complaint of aggrieved party, may, upon due notice to both parties, examine the fence, and. if found insuf- 10 ' • 14:6 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. ficient, notify the delinquent party, in writing, to repair or re-build the same within such time as they judge reasonable. If the fence be not repaired or rebuilt accordingly, the complainant may do so, and the same being adjudged sufficient by the Fence Viewers, and the value thereof, with their fees, being ascertained and certified under their hands, the complainant may demand of the delinquent the sum so ascertained, and if the same be not paid in one month after demand, may recover it with one per cent a month interest, by action. In case of disputes, the Fence Viewers may decide as to who shall erect or maintain partition fences, and in what time the same shall be done ; and in case any party neglect to maintain or erect such part as may be assigned to him, the aggrieved party may erect and maintain the same, and recover double damages. No person, not wishing his land inclosed, and not using it otherwise than in common, shall be compelled to maintain any partition fence ; but when he uses or incloses his land otherwise than in common, he shall contribute to the parti- tion fences. • Where parties have had their lands inclosed in common, and one of the owners desires to occupy his separate and apart from the other, and the other refuses to divide the line or build a sufficient fence on the line when divided, the Fence Viewers may divide and assign, and upon neglect of the other to build as ordered by the Viewers, the one may build the other's part and recover as above. And when one incloses land which has lain uninclosed, he must pay for one-half of each partition fence between himself and his neighbors. Where one desires to lay not less than twenty feet of his lands, adjoining his neighbor, out to the public to be used in common, he must give his neighbor SIX months' notice thereof. Where a fence has been built on the land of another through mistake, the owner may enter upon such premises and remove his fence and material withn six months after the division line has been ascertained. Where the material to build such a fence has been taken from the land on which it was built, then, before it can be removed, the person claiming must first pay for such material to the owner of the land from which it was taken, nor shall such a fence be removed at a time when the removal will throw open or expose the crops of the other party ; a reasonable time must be given beyond the six months to remove crops. MECHANICS' LIENS. Every mechanic, or other person who shall do any labor upon, or furnish any materials, machinery or fixtures for any building, erection or other improve- ment upon land, including those engaged in the construction or repair of any work of internal improvement, by virtue of any contract with the owner, his agent, trustee, contractor, or sub-contractor, shall have a lien, on complying ■with the forms of law, upon the building or other improvement for his labor done or materials furnished. It would take too large a space to detail the manner in which a sub- contractor secures his lien. He should file, within thirty days after the last of the labor was performed, or the last of the material shall have been furnished, with the Clerk of the District Court a true account of the amount due him, after allowing all credits, setting forth the time when such material was furnished or labor performed, and when completed, and containing a correct descriptioji of ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 147 the property sought to be charged with the lien, and the whole verified by affidavit. A principal contractor must file such an affidavit within ninety days, as above. Ordinarily, there are so many points to be examined in order to secure a mechanics' lien, that it is much better, unless one is accustomed to managing such liens, to consult at once with an attorney. Remember that the proper time to file the claim is ninety days for a princi- pal contractor, thirtj' days for a sub-contractor, as above ; and that actions to enforce these liens must be commenced within two years, and the rest can much better be done with an attorney. ROADS AND BRIDGES. Persons meeting each other on the public highways, shall give one-half of the same by turning to the right. All persons failing to observe this rule shall be liable to pay all damages resulting therefrom, together with a fine, not exceed- ing five dollars. The prosecution must be instituted on the complaint of the person wronged. Any person guilty of racing horses, or driving upon the public highway, in a manner likely to endanger the persons or the lives of others, shall, on convic- tion, be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars or imprisoned not exceeding thirty days. It is a misdemeanor, without authority from the proper Road Supervisor, to break upon, plow or dig within the boundary lines of any public highway. The money tax levied upon the property in each road district in each town- ship (except the general Township Fund, set apart for purchasing tools, machin- ery and guide boards), whether collected by the Road Supervisor or County Treasurer, shall be expended for highway purposes in that district, and no part thereof shall be paid out or expended for the benefit of another district. The Road Supervisor of each district, is bound to keep the roads and bridges therein, in as good condition as the funds at his disposal will permit ; to put guide boards at cross roads and forks of highways in his district ; and when noti- fied in writing that any portion of the public highway, or any bridge is unsafe, must in a reasonable time repair the same, and for this purpose may call out any or all the able bodied men in the district, but not more than two days at one time, without their consent. Also, Avhen notified in writing, of the growth of any Canada thistles upon vacant or non-resident lands or lots, within his district, the owner, lessee or agent thereof being unknown, shall cause the same to be destroyed. Bridges when erected or maintained by the public, are parts of the highway, and must not be less than sixteen feet wide. A penalty is imposed upon any one who rides or drives faster than a walk across any such bridge. The manner of establishing, vacating or altering roads, etc., is so well known to all township officers, that it is sufficient here to say that the first step is by petition, filed in the Auditor's office, addressed in substance as follows : The Board of Supervisors of County : The undersigned asks that a highway, commencing at and running thence and terminating at , be established, vacated or altered (as the case may be.) When the petition is filed, all necessary and succeeding steps will be shown and explained to the petitioners by the Auditor. 148 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. ADOPTION OF CHILDREN. Any person competent to make a will can adopt as his own the minor child of another. The consent of both parents, if living and not divorced or separ- ated, and if divorced or separated, or if unmarried, the consent of the parent lawfully having the custody of the child ; or if either parent is dead, then the consent of the survivor, or if both parents be dead, or the child have been and remain abandoned by them, then the consent of the Mayor of the city where the child is living, or if not in the city, then of the Clerk of the Circuit Court of the county shall be given to such adoption by an instrument in writing, signed by party or parties consenting, and stating the names of the parties, if known, the name of the child, if known, the name of the person adopting such child, and the residence of all, if known, and declaring the name by which the child is thereafter to be called and known, and stating, also, that such child is given to the person adopting, for the purpose of adoption as his own child. The person adopting shall also sign said instrument, and all the parties shall acknowledge the same in the manner that deeds conveying lands shall be acknowledged. 3> The instrument shall be recorded in the office of the County Recorder. SURVEYORS AND SURVEYS. There is in every county elected a Surveyor known as County Surveyor, who has power to appoint deputies, for whose official acts he is responsible. It is the duty of the County Surveyor, either by himself or his Duputy, to make all surveys that he may be called upon to make within his county as soon as may be after application is made. The necessary chainmen and other assist- ance must be employed by the person requiring the same to be done, and to be by him paid, unless otherwise agreed ; but the chainmen must be disinterested persons and approved by the Surveyor and sworn by him to measure justly and impartially. Previous to any survey, he shall furnish himself with a copy of the field notes of the original survey of the same land, if there be any in the office of the County Auditor, and his survey shall be made in accordance there- with. Their fees are three dollars per day. For certified copies of field notes, twenty-five cents. SUPPORT OF POOR. The father, mother and children of any poor person who has applied for aid, and who is unable to maintain himself by work, shall, jointly or severally, maintain such poor person in such manner as may be approved by the Town- ship Trustees. In the absence or inability of nearer relatives, the same liability shall extend to the grandparents, if of ability without personal labor, and to the male grand- children who are of ability, by personal labor or otherwise. The Township Trustees may, upon the failure of such relatives to maintain a poor person, who has made application for relief, apply to the Circuit Court for an order to compel the same. Upon ten days' notice, in writing, to the parties sought to be charged, a hearing may be had, and an order made for entire or partial support of the poor person. ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 1'^^ Appeal may be taken from such judgment as from other judgments of the Circuit Court. When any person, having any estate, abandons either chihh-en, wife or hus- band, leaving them chargeable, or likely to become chargeable, upon the public for support, upon proof of above fiict, an order may be had from the Clerk of tlie Circuit Court, or Judge, authorizing the Trustees or the Sheriff to take into possession such estate. The Court may direct such personal estate to be sold, to be applied, as well as the rents and profits of the real estate, if any, to the support of children, wife or husband. If the party against whom the order is issued return and support the per- son abandoned, or give security for the same, the order shall be discharged, and the property taken returned. The mode of relief for the poor, through the action of the Township Trustees, or the action of the Board of Supervisors, is so well known to everv township ofiicer, and the circumstances attending applications for relief are so varied, that it need now only be said that it is the duty of each county to pro- vide for its poor, no matter at what place they may be. LANDLORD AND TENANT. A tenant giving notice to quit demised premises at a time named, and after- "ward holding over, and a tenant or his assignee willfully holding over the prem- ises after the term, and after notice to quit, shall pay double rent. Any person in possession of real property, with the assent of the owner, is presumed to be a tenant at will until the contrary is shown. Thirty days' notice, in writing, is necessary to be given by either party before he can terminate a tenancy at will ; but when, in any case, a rent is reserved payable at intervals of less than thirty days, the length of notice need not be greater than such interval between the days of payment. In case of tenants occupying and cultivating farms, the notice must fix the termination of the tenancy to take place on the 1st day of March, except in cases of field tenants or croppers, whose leases shall be held to expire when the crop is har- vested ; provided, that in case of a crop of corn, it shall not be later than the 1st day of December, unless otherwise agreed upon. But when an express agreement is made, whether the same has been reduced to writing or not, the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, without notice. But where an express agreement is made, whether reduced to writing or not, the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, without notice. If such tenant cannot be found in the county, the notices above required may be given to any sub-tenant or other person in possession of the premises ; or, if the premises be vacant, by affixing the notice to the principal door of the building or in some conspicuous position on the land, if there be no building. The landlord shall have a lien for his rent upon all the crops grown on the premises, and upon any other personal property of the tenant used on the premises during the term, and not exempt from execution, for the period of one year after a year's rent or the rent of a shorter period claimed falls due ; but such lien shall not continue more than six months after the expiration of the term. The lien may be effected by the commencement of an action, within the period above prescribed, for the rent alone ; and the landlord is entitled to a writ 150 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. of attachment, upon filing an affidavit that the action is commenced to rcover rent accrued within one year previous thereto upon the premises described in the affidavit. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Whenever any of the following articles shall be contracted for, or sold or delivered, and no special contract or agreement shall be made to the contrary, the weight per bushel shall be as follows, to-wit : Apples, Peaches or Quinces, 48 Clierrics, Grapes, Currants or Gooseberries, 40 Strawberries, ilaspberries or Blackberries, 32 O.sitgc Orange Seetl 32 Millet Seed 45 Stone Coal 80 Lime 80 Corn in the ear 70 Wheat 60 Potatoes 60 Beans 60 Clover Seed 60 Onions 57 Shelled Corn 56 Rye 56 Flax Seed 56 Sweet Potatoes 46 Sand 130 Sorghum Seed 30 Broom Corn Seed 30 Buckwheat , 62 Salt 50 Barley 48 Corn Meal 48 Castor Beans 46 Timothy Seed 45 Hemj) Seed 44 Dried Peaches 33 Oats 33 Dried Apples 24 Bran 20 Blue Grass Seed 14 Hungarian Grass Seed 45 Penalty for giving less than the above standard is treble damages and costs and five dollars addition thereto as a fine. DEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL TERMS. $ means dollars, being a contraction of U. S., which was formerly placed before any denomination of money, and meant, as it means now. United States Currency. X mesins jyounds, English money. @ stands for at or to; ft) for pounds, and bbl. for barrels ; "^ for per or bi/ the. Thus, Butter sells at 20@30c f ft), and Flour at $8^412 f bbl. fo for ^jer cent., and Jf for number. May 1. Wheat sells at $1.20@$1.25, " seller June." Seller June means that the person who sells the wheat has the privilege of delivering it at any time during the month of June. Selling sJiorf, is contracting to deliver a certain amount of grain or stock, at a fixed price, within a certain length of time, when the seller has not the stock on hand. It is for the interest of the person seUing "short" to depress the market as much as possible, in order that he may buy and fill his contract at a profit. Hence the "shorts " are termed "bears." Buying long, is to contract to purchase a certain amount of grain or shares of stock at a fixed price, deliverable within a stipulated time, expecting to make a profit by the rise in prices. The " longs " are termed " bulls," as it is for their interest to "operate" so as to "toss" the prices upward as much as possible. ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 151 NOTES. Form of note is legal, worded in the simplest way, so that the amount and ^anie of payment are mentioned : $100. Chicago, 111., Sept. 15, 1876. Sixty days from date I promise to pay to E. F. Brown or order, one hun- dred dollars, for value received. L. D. Lowry. A note to be payable in anything else than money needs only the facts sub- stituted for money in the above form. ORDERS. Orders should be worded simply, thus : Mr. F. H. Coats : Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. Please pay to H. Birdsall twenty-five dollars, and charge to F. D. Silva. RECEIPTS. Receipts should always state when received and what for, thus : $100. Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. Received of J. W. Davis, one hundred dollars, for services rendered in grading his lot in Fort Madison, on account. Thomas Brady. If receipt is in full, it should be so stated. BILLS OF PURCHASE. W. N. Mason, Salem, Illinois, Sept. 18, 1876. Bought of A. A. Graham. 4 Bushels of Seed Wheat, at 11.50 $6 00 2 Seamless Sacks " 30 60 Received payment, $6 60 A. A. Graham. CONFESSION OF JUDGMENT. -, Iowa, , 18- after date — promises to pay to the order of , dollars, at , for value received, with interest at ten per cent, per annum after until paid. Interest payable , and on interest not paid when due, interest at same rate and conditions. a failure to pay said interest, or any part thereof, within 20 days after due, shall cause the whole note to become due and collectable at once. If this note is sued, or judgment is confessed hereon, $ shall be allowed as attorney fees. No. — . P. 0. , . confession of judgment. . — vs. — . -In Court of County, Iowa, , of County, Iowa, do hereby confess that justly indebted to , in the 152 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWa sum of dollars, and the further sum of $ as attorney fees, with interest thereon at ten per cent, from , and — hereby confess judgment against as defendant in favor of said , for said sum of $ , and $ as attorney fees, hereby authorizing the Clerk of the Court of said county to enter up judgment for said sum against with costs, and interest at 10 per cent, from , the interest to be paid . Said debt and j udgment being for . It is especially agreed, however. That if this judgment is paid within twenty days after due, no attorney fees need be paid. And hereby sell, convey and release all right of homestead we now occupy in favor of said so far as this judgment is concerned, and agree that it shall be liable on execution for this judgment. Dated , 18—. . The State of Iowa, \ County. j ■ being duly sworn according to law, depose and say that the forego- ing statement and Confession of Judgment was read over to , and tliat — understood the contents thereof, and that the statements contained therein are true, and that the sums therein mentioned are justly to become due said as aforesaid. Sworn to and subscribed before me and in my presence by the said this day of , 18 — . , Notary Public. ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT. An agreement is where one party promises to another to do a certain thing in a certain time for a stipulated sum. Good business men always reduce an agreement to writing, which nearly always saves misunderstandings and trouble. No particular form is necessary, but the facts must be clearly and explicitly stated, and there must, to make it valid, be a reasonable consideration. GENERAL FORM OF AGREEMENT. This Agreement, made the Second day of June, 1878, between John Jones, of Keokuk, County of Lee, State of Iowa, of the first part, and Thoma-s Whiteside, of the same place, of the second part — WITNESSETH, that the said John Jones, in consideration of the agreement of the party of the second part, hereinafter contained, contracts and agrees to and with the said Thomas Whiteside, that he will deliver in good and market- able condition, at the Village of Melrose, Iowa, during the month of November, of this year, One Hundred Tons of Prairie Hay, in the following lots, and at the following specified times ; namely, twenty-five tons by the seventh of Nov- ember, twenty-five tons additional by the fourteenth of the month, twenty- five tons more by the twenty-first, and the entire one hundred tons to be all delivered by the thirtieth of November. And the said Thomas Whiteside, in consideration of the prompt fulfillment of this contract, on the part of the party of the first part, contracts to and agrees with the said John Jones, to pay for said hay five dollars per ton, for each ton as soon as delivered. ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 153 In case of failure of agreement by either of the parties hereto, it is hereb;y stipulated and agreed that the party so failing shall pay to the other, One Hun- dred dollars, as fixed and settled damages. In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands the day and year first above written. John Jones, Thomas Whiteside. AGREEMENT WITH CLERK FOR SERVICES. This Agreement, made the first day of May, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight, between Reuben Stone, of Dubuque, County of Dubuque, State of Iowa, party of the first part, and George Barclay, of McGregor, County of Clayton, State of Iowa, party of the second part — WITNESSETH, that Said George Barclay agrees faithfully and diligently to work as clerk and salesman for the said Reuben Stone, for and during the space of one year from the date hereof, should both live such length of time, without absenting himself from his occupation ; during which time he, the said Barclay, in the store of said Stone, of Dubuque, will carefully and honestly attend, doing and performing all duties as clerk and salesman aforesaid, in accordance and in all respects as directed and desired by the said Stone. In consideration of which services, so to be rendered by the said Barclay, the said Stone agrees to pay to said Barclay the annual sum of one thousand dol- lars, payable in twelve equal monthly payments, each upon the last day of each month ; provided that all dues for days of absence from business by said Barclay, shall be deducted from the sum otherwise by the agreement due and payable by the said Stone to the said Barclay. Witness our hands. Reuben Stone. George Barclay. BILLS OF SALE. A bill of sale is a written agreement to another party, for a consideration to convey his right and interest in the personal property. The purchaser must take, actual possession of the property/, or the bill of sale must be acknowledged and recorded. COMMON FORM OF BILL OF SALE. Xnow ALL Men by this instrument, that I, Louis Clay, of Burlington, Iowa, of the first part, for and in consideration of Five Hundred and Ten Dollars, to rne paid by John Floyd, of the same place, of the second part, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have sold, and by this instrument do convey unto the said Floyd, party of the second part, his executors, administra- tors and assigns, my undivided half of ten acres of corn, now growing on the arm of Thomas Tyrell, in the town above mentioned ; one pair of horses, sixteen sheep, and ifive cows, belonging to me and in my possession at the farm aforesaid ; to have and to hold the same unto the party of the second part, his executors and assigns forever. And I do, for myself and legal representatives, agree with the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, to warrant and defend the sale of the afore-mentioned property and chattels unto the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, against all and every person whatsoever. In witness whereof, I have hereunto aifixed my hand, this tenth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. Lours Clay. 154 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. NOTICE TO QUIT. To John Wontpay : You are hereby notified to quit the possession of the premises you now occupy to wit : [^Insert Description.^ on or before thirty days from the date of this notice. Dated January 1, 1878. Landlord. [^Reverse for Notice to Landlord.^ GENERAL FORM OF WILL FOR REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY. I, Charles Mansfield, of the Town of Bellevue, County of Jackson, State of Iowa, being aware of the uncertainty of life, and in failing health, but of sound mind and memory, do make and declare this to be my last will and tes- tament, in manner following, to-wit : First. I give, devise and bequeath unto my eldest son, Sidney H. Mans- field, the sum of Two Thousand Dollars, of bank stock, now in the Third National Bank, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and the farm owned by myself, in the Township of Iowa, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres, with all the houses, tenements and improvements thereunto belonging ; to have and to hold unto my said son, his heirs and assigns, forever. Second. I give, devise and bequeath to each of my two daughters, Anna Louise Mansfield and Ida Chira Mansfield, each Two Thousand Dollars in bank stock in the Third National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio ; and also, each one quarter section of land, owned by myself, situated in theTownship of Fairfield, and recorded in my name in the Recorder's ofiice, in the county where such land is located. The north one hundred and sixty acres of said half section is devised to my eldest daughter, Anna Louise. Third. I give, devise and bequeath to my son, Frank Alfred Mansfield, five shares of railroad stock in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and my one hundred and sixty acres of land, and saw-mill thereon, situated in Manistee, Michigan, with all the improvements and appurtenances thereunto belonging, which said real estate is recorded in my name, in the county where situated. Fourth. I give to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, all my household furniture, goods, chattels and personal property, about my home, not hitherto disposed of, including Eight Thousand Dollars of bank stock in the Third National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio, fifteen shares in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and the free and unrestricted use, possession and benefit of the home farm so long as she may live, in lieu of dower, to which she is entitled by law — said farm being my present place of residence. Fifth. I bequeath to my invalid father, Elijah H. Mansfield, the income from rents of my store building at 145 Jackson street, Chicago, Illinois, during the term of his natural life. Said building and land therewith to revert to my said sons and daughters in equal proportion, upon the demise of my said father. Sixth. It is also my will and desire that, at the death of my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, or at any time when she may arrange to relinquish her ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 15^ life interest in the above mentioned homestead, the same may revert to my above named children, or to the lawful heirs of each. And lastly. I nominate and appoint as the executors of this, my last will and testament, my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, and my eldest son, Sidney H. Mansfield. I further direct that my debts and necessary funeral expenses shall be paid from moneys now on deposit in the Savings Bank of Bellevue, the residue of such moneys to revert to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, for her use for- ever. In witness whereof, I, Charles Mansfield, to this my last will and testament, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this fourth day of April, eighteen hundred and seventy-two. Charles Mansfield. Signed, and declared by Charles Mansfield, as and for his last will and tes- ment, in the presence of us, who, at his request, and in his presence, and in the presence of each other, have subscribed our names hereunto as witnesses thereof. Peter A. Schenck, Dubuque, Iowa, Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa. CODICIL. Whereas I, Charles Mansfield, did, on the fourth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, make my last will and testament, I do now, by this writing, add this codicil to my said will, to be taken as a part thereof. Whereas, by the dispensation of Providence, my daughter, Anna Louise, has deceased, November fifth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three ; and whereas, a son has been born to me, w4iich son is now christened Richard Albert Mans- field, I give and bequeath unto him my gold watch, and all right, interest and title in lands and bank stock and chattels bequeathed to my deceased daughter, Anna Louise, in the body of this will. In witness whereof, I hereunto place my hand and seal, this tenth day of March, eighteen hundred and seventy-five. Charles Mansfield. ^ Signed, sealed, published and declared to us by the testator, Charles Mans- field, as and for a codicil to be annexed to his last will and testament. And we, at his request, and in his presence, and in the presence of each other, have subscribed our names as witnesses thereto, at the date hereof. Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa, John C. Shay, Bellevue, Iowa. {Form No. 1.) SATISFACTION OF MORTGAGE. State of Iowa, TATE OF Iowa, 1 County, j ss. I, , of the County of , State of Iowa, do hereby acknowledge that a certain Indenture of , bearing date the — day of , A. D. 18 — , made and executed by and , his wife, to said on the following described Real Estate, in the County of , and State of Iowa, to-wit : (here insert description) and filed for record in the office of the Recorder of the County of , and State of Iowa, on the day of- , 156 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. A. D. 18 — , at o'clock . M. ; and recorded in Book of Mortgage Records, on page , is redeemed, paid off, satisfied and discharged in full. . [seal.] State of Iowa, 1 County, j Be it Remembered, That on this day of , A. D. 18 — , before 4ne the undersigned, a in and for said county, personally appeared , to me personally known to be the identical person who executed the above (satisfaction of mortgage) as grantor, and acknowledged signature thereto to be voluntary act and deed. Witness my hand and seal, the day and year last above written. . ONE FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. Know all Men by these Presents : That , of County, and State of , in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by — of County, and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto the said the following described premises, situated in the County , and State of , to wit : (here insert description,) and do hereby covenant with the said that lawfully seized of said premises, that they are free from incumbrance, that have good right and lawful authority to sell and convey the same ; and do hereby covenant to warrant and defend the same against the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever. To be void upon condition that the said shall pay the full amount of principal and interest at the time therein specified, of certain promissory note for the sum of dollars. One note for $ , due , 1 8 — , with interest annually at per cent. One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. And the said Mortgagor agrees to pay all taxes that may be levied upon the above described premises. It is also agreed by the Mortgagor that if it becomes necessary to foreclose this mortgage, a reasonable amount shall be allowed as an attorney's fee for foreclosing. And the said hereby relinquishes all her right of dower and homestead in and to the above described premises. Signed to day of , A. D. 18—. [Acknowledge as in Form No. 1.] SECOND FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. This Indenture, made and executed by and between of the county of and State of , part of the fii'st part, and of the county of and State of party of the second part, Wibiesseth, that the said part of the first part, for and in consideration of the sum of dollars, paid by the said party of the second part, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, hav^e granted and sold, and do by these presents, grant, bargain, sell, convey and confirm, unto the said party of the second part, heirs and ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 157 assigns forever, the certain tract or parcel of real estate situated in the county of and State of , described as follows, to-wit : [Here insert description.) The said part of the first part represent to and covenant with the part of the second part, that he have good right to sell and convey said premises, that they are free from encumbrance and that he will warrant and defend them against the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever, and do expressly hereby release all rights of dower in and to said premises, and relinquish and convey all rights of homestead therein. This Instrument is made, executed and delivered upon the following con- ditions, to-wit : First. Said first part agree to pay said or order Second. Said first part further agree as is stipulated in said note, that if he shall fail to pay any of said interest when due, it shall bear interest at the rate of ten per cent, per annum, from the time the same becomes due, and this mortgage shall stand as security for the same. Third. Said first part further agree that he will pay all taxes and assessments levied upon said real estate before the same become djelinquent, and if not paid the holder of this mortgage may declare the whole sum of money herein secured due and collectable at once, or he may elect to pay such taxes or assessments, and be entitled to interest on the same at the rate of ten per cent, per annum, and this mortgage shall stand as security for the amount so paid. Fourth. Said first part further agree that if he fail to pay any of said money, either principal or interest, within days after the same becomes due ; or fail to conform or comply with any of the foregoing conditions or agree- ments, the whole sum herein secured shall become due and payable at once, and this mortgage may thereupon be foreclosed immediately for the whole of said money, interest and costs. Fifth. Said paii't further agree that in the event of the non-payment of either principal, interest or taxes when due, and upon the filing of a bill of foreclosure of this mortgage, an attorney's fee of dollars shall become due and pay- able, and shall be by the court taxed, and this mortgage shall stand as security therefor, and the same shall be included in the decree of foreclosure and shall- be made by the Sheriff on general or special execution with the other money, interest and costs, and the contract embodied in this mortgage and the note described herein, shall in all respects be governed, constructed and adjudged by the laws of , where the same is made. The foregoing conditions being performed, this conveyance to be void, othei-wise of full force and virtue. [Acknowledge as in form No. 1.] FORM OF LEASE. This Article of Agreement, Made and entered into on this day of A. D. 187-, by and between , of the county of , and State of Iowa, of the first part, and , of the county of- and State of Iowa, of the second part, witnesseth that the said party of the first 158 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. part has this day leased unto the party of the second part the following described premises, to wit : [//ere insert description '\ for the term of from and after the — day of , A. D. 187—, a| the rent of dollars, to be paid as follows, to wit : [Here insert Terms.'^ And it is further agreed that if any rent shall be due and unpaid, or if default be made in any of the covenants herein contained, it shall then be law- ful for the said party of the first part to re-enter the said premises, or to destrain for such rent; or he may recover possession thereof, by action of forcible entry and detainer, notwithstanding the provision of Section 3,612 of the Code of 1873 ; or he may use any or all of said remedies. And the said party of the second part agrees to pay to the party of the first part the rent as above stated, except when said premises are untenantable by reason of fire, or from any other cause than the carelessness of the party of the second part, or persons fiimily, or in employ, or by superior force and inevitable necessity. And the said party of the second part covenants that will use the said premises as a , and for no other purposes ■whatever ; and that especially will not use said premises, or permit the same to be used, for any unlawful business or purpose whatever ; that will not sell, assign, underlet or relinquish said premises without the written consent of the lessor, under penalty of a forfeiture of all rights under this lease, at the election of the party of the first part ; and that will use all due care and diligence in guarding said property, with the buildings, gates, fences, trees, vines, shrubbery, etc., from damage by fire, and the depredations of animals ; that will keep buildings, gates, fences, etc., in as good repair as they now are, or may at any time be placed by the lessor, damages by superior force, inevitable necessity, or fire from any other cause than from the carelessness of the lessee, or persons of family, or in employ, excepted ; and that at the expiration of tins lease, or upon a breach by said lessee of any of the said covenants herein contained, will, without further notice of any kind, : uit and surrender the possession and occupancy of said premises in as good condi- tion as reasonable use, natural wear and decay thereof will permit, 'damages by fire as aforesaid, superior force, or inevitable necessity, cnly excepted. In witness whereof, the said parties have subscribed their names on the date first above written. In presence of FORM OF NOTE. $ , 18—. On or before the — day of , 18 — , for value received, I promise to pay or order, dollars, with interest from date until paid, at ten per cent, per annum, payable annually, at . Unpaid interest shall bear interest at ten per cent, per annum. On failure to pay interest within days after due, the whole sum, pr-.ncipal and interest, shall become due at once. ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. CHATTEL MORTGAGE. 159 Know all Men by these Presents : That of County, and State of in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by , of County and State of do hereby sell and convey unto the said the following described personal property, now in the possession of in the county and State of — ■ — , to wit : ^Here insert Description.'] And do hereby warrant the title of said property, and that it is free from any incumbrance or lien. The only right or interest retained by grantor in and to said property being the right of redemption as herein provided. This conveyance to be void upon condition that the said grantor shall pay to said grantee, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time therein specified, of certain promissory notes of even date herewith, for the sum of dollars, Onu note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. The grantor to pay all taxes on said property, and if at any time any part or portion of said notes should be due and unpaid, said grantee may proceed by sale or foreclosure to collect and pay himself the unpaid balance of said notes, whether due or not, the grantor to pay all necessary expense of such foreclosure, including $ Attorney's fees, and whatever remains after paying off said notes and expenses, to be paid over to said grantor. Signed the day of , 18 — . — -. . [Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] . WARRANTY DEED. Know all Men by these Presents : That of County and Sitate of , in consideration of the sum of Dollars, in hand paid by of , County and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto the said and to heirs and assigns, the following described premises, situated in the County of , State of Iowa, to-wit : [Here insert description.] And I do hereby covenant with the said that — lawfully seized in fee simple, of said premises, that they are free from incumbrance ; that — ha good right and lawful authority to sell the same, and — do hereby covenant to war- rant and defend the said premises and appurtenances thereto belonging, against the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever ; and the said hereby re- linquishes all her right of dower and of homestead in and to the above described premises. Signed the day of , A. D. 18—. in presence of [Acknowledged as in Form No. 1.] 160 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. QUIT-CLAIM DEED. Know all Men by these Presents : That , of County, State of , in consideration of the sum of dollars, to — in hand paid by , of County, State of , the receipt whereof — do hereby acknowledge,have bargained, sold and quit-claimed, and by these presents do bargain, sell and quit-claim unto the said and to — heirs and assigns forever, all — right, title, interest, estate, claim and demand, both at law and in equity, and as well in possession as in expectancy, of, in and to the following described premises, to wit : [here insert description] with all and singular the hereditaments and appurtenances thereto belonging. Signed this day of , A. D. 18 — . Signed in Presence of [Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] BOND FOR DEED. Know all Men by these Presents: That of County, and State of am held and firmly bound unto of County, and gtate of , in the sum of Dollars, to be paid to the said , his executors or assigns, for which payment well and truly to be made, I bind myself firmly by these presents. Signed the day of A. D. 18 — . The condition of this obligation is such, that if the said obligee shall pay to said obligor, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time therein specified, of — certain promissory note of even date herewith, for the sum of Dollars, One note for | , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. and pay all taxes accruing upon the lands herein described, .then said obligor shall convey to the said obligee, or his assigns, that certain tract or parcel of real estate, situated in the County of and State of Iowa, described as fol- lows, to wit : [here insert description,] by a Warranty Deed, with the usual covenants, duly executed and acknowledged. If said obligee should fail to make the payments as above stipulated, or any part thereof, as the same becomes due, said obligor may at his option, by notice to the obligee terminate his liability under the bond and resume the posses- sion and absolute control of said premises, time being the essence of this agreement. On the fulfillment of the above conditions this obligation to become void, otherwise to remain in full force and virtue ; unless terminated by the obligor as above stipulated. [Acknowledge as in form No. 1.] ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 161 CHARITABLE, SCIENTIFIC AND RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS. Any three or more persons of full age, citizens of the United States, a majority of whom shall be citizens of this State, who desire to associate themselves for benevolent, charitable, scientific, religious or missionary pur- poses, may make, sign and acknowledge, before any officer authorized to take the acknowledgments of deeds in this State, and have recorded in the ofiice of the Recorder of the county in which the business of such society is to be con- ducted, a certificate in writing, in which shall be stated the name or title by which such society shall be known, the particular business and objects of such society, the number of Trustees, Directors or Managers to conduct the same, and the names of the Trustees, Directors or Managers of such society for the first year of its existence. Upon filing for record the certificate, as aforesaid, the persons who shall have signed and acknowledged such certificate, and their associates and success- ors, shall, by virtue hereof, be a body politic and corporate by the name stated in such certificate, and by that they and their successors shall and may have succession, and shall be persons capable of suing and being sued, and may have and use a common seal, which they may alter or change at pleasure ; and they and their successors, by their corporate name, shall be capable of taking, receiving, purchasing and holding real and personal estate, and of making by- laws for the management of its aftairs, not inconsistent with law. The society so incorporated may, annually or oftener, elect from its members its Trustees, Directors or Managers at such time and place, and in such manner as may be specified in its by-laws, who shall have the control and management of the affairs and funds of the society, a majority of whom shall be a quorum for the transaction of business, and whenever any vacancy shall happen among such Trustees, Directors or Managers, by death, resignation or neglect to serve, such vacancy shall be filled in such manner as shall be provided by the by-laws of such society. When the body corporate consists of the Trustees, Directors or Managers of any benevolent, charitable, literary, scientific, religious or mis- sionary institution, which is or may be established in the State, and Avhich is or may be under the patronage, control, direction or supervision of any synod, con- ference, association or other ecclesiastical body in such State, established agreeably to the laws thereof, such ecclesiastical body may nominate and appoint such Trustees, Directors or Managei'S, according to usages of the appoint- ing body, and may fill any vacancy which may occur among such Trustees, Directors or Managers ; and when any such institution may be under the patronage, control, direction or supervision of two or more of such synods, con- ferences, associations or other ecclesiastical bodies, such bodies may severally nominate and appoint such proportion of such Trustees, Directors or Managers as shall be agreed upon by those bodies immediately concerned. And any vacancy occurring among such appointees last named, shall be filled by the synod, conference, association or body having appointed the last incumbent. In case any election of Trustees, Directors or Managers shall not be made on the day designated by the by-laws, said society for that cause shall not be dissolved, but such election may take place on any other day directed by such by-laws. ' Any corporation formed under this chapter shall be capable of taking, hold- ing or receiving property by virtue of any devise or bequest contained in any last will or testament of any person whatsoever ; but no person leaving a wife, 162 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. child or parent, shall devise or bequeath to such institution or corporation more than one-fourth of his estate after the payment of his debts, and such device or bequest shall be valid only to the extent of such one-fourth. Any corporation in this State of an academical character, the memberships of Avhich shall consist of lay members and pastors of churches, delegates to any synod, conference or council holding its annual meetings alternately in this and one or more adjoining States, may hold its annual meetings for the election of officers and the transaction of business in any adjoining State to this, at such place therein as the said synod, conference or council shall hold its annual meet- ings ; and the elections so held and business so transacted shall be as legal and binding as if held and transacted at the place of business of the corporation in this State. The provisions of this chapter shall not extend or apply to any association or individual who shall, in the certificate filed with the Recorder, use or specify a name or style the same as that of any previously existing incorporated society in the county. The Trustees, Directors or stockholders of any existing benevolent, char- itable, scientific, missionary or religious corporation, may, by conforming to the requirements of Section 1095 of this chapter, re-incorporate themselves or con- tinue their existing corporate powers, and all the property and effects of such existing corporation shall vest in and belong to the corporation so re-incorporated or continued. History of Johnson County. CHAPTER I.— PART 1. COUNTY AND COUNTY SEAT. The County's Name — Sketch of Col. "Ruuapsy-Dumpsy" Johiisoa — S. O. Trowbridge the First County Olficer — Rival County Seats — Act to Organize — First County Board Meeting — Removal of County Seat, Etc., Etc. NAME. There are in the United States twelve counties named Johnson, one being in each of the following States: Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Nebraska, Tennessee, Texas, and Wyoming, In all these instances the name is supposed to have been given in honor of the same man. Johnston County of North Carolina is spelled with a "t" and was named after somebody else; hence it is not counted in this list. During that memorable period in American politics when party zeal arid enthusiasm centered most intensely around Generals Jackson and Harrison, as representatives of the two great parties then called Whig and Democrat, there was a popular political song which had for its chorus these words^ — "Sing and shout, O rumpsy-dumpsy, Colonel Johnson killed Tecumseh!" Well, it was this Rumpsy-dutnpsy-killed-Tecumseh Col. Johnson, after whom and in whose honor Johnson County, Iowa, received its name. And it is fitting that the readers of this volume who are old enough to remember Colonel Johnson as a political celebrity should have a record of his public life and services; and it is likewise befitting that the younger readers should see his record, and judge for themselves whether he was probably worthy of the honor of having this line and noble county of ours for a perpetual monument to his memory. Then, again, there may be unnamed babies and unborn babies whose birth place will be Johnson County, and whose parents may wish to name them "Johnson Smith," or "Johnson Jones," if this particular name of Johnson is found to have good and honorable historic associations. Hence we present here a condensed sketch of the life and public services of the man for whom our good county was named: RICHARD MENTOR JOHNSON was born in Kentucky, October 17, 1770; was educated at Transylvania University; studied law, and was admitted to the bar. In 1803 he was 11 166 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. elected to the legislature, and was a member of Congress from 1807 to 1819. In 1812, after the declaration of war by Great Britain, he raised a regiment of Kentucky mounted riflemen, which he commanded on the Canadian frontier during the fall of that year. After the adjournment of Congress, March, 1813, he raised another mounted regiment of volunteers, with which he guarded the Indian frontier during the summer months, and joined Gen. Harrison in time to render brilliant service in the battle of the Thames on October 5. It was by his hand the celebrated Indian warrior, Tecumseh, is reported to have fallen. In this engagement Col. Johnson was desperately wounded. He was, however, able to resume his seat in Congress in February ensuing. In 1819, he was elected to the United States Senate, and remained a member of that body until 1829. After this, he was again a member of the House, from 1829 to 1837. In 1836 he was run for the Vice-Presidency of the United States in most of the States, on the same ticket which supported Mr. Van Buren for the Presi- dency. He received 147 of the electoral votes, but this was a few votes short of a majority of the whole, though largely above the number received by any other one of the candidates voted for. In this state of things the choice of Vice-President devolved on the Senate, under the constitution of the United States. In the discharge of this duty, the Senate, in March, 1837, made choice of Col. Johnson for the office of Vice-President for the four years ensuing. In March, 1811, he returned to his home in Ken- tucky, after having devoted thirty years of his life continuously to the public service. Perfect retirement, however, was not allowed him. He was again returned a member to the State legislature, and while holding this position died, at Frankfort, Ky., Nov. 19, 1850, at the advanced age of a little over eighty years. He was distinguished throughout his life for kindliness of heart and urbanity of manners. He was the author of the law abolishing imprisonment for debt in Kentucky. This sketch of " Dick Johnson," as he was familiarly called, was written by Hon. Alexander H. Stevens, of Georgia, for the great American work known as "Johnson's Cyclopaedia," and the reader ia now posted on the origin of our count3^'s name and the reason for it. The county of Johnson was carved out of territory formerl}'^ included in Dubuque county, by the territorial legislature of Wisconsin, in an act approved December 21, 1837. This gave it a name and boundaries, but did not provide a civil government for it, and it was attached to Cedar county, whose officers w^ere to have jurisdiction likewise in Johnson county until other arrangements should be made. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 167 EVOLUTION OF JOHNSON COUNTY. THE INITIAL ACT. The winter session, 1837-38, of the territorial legislature of Wisconsin was held at Burlington, in that portion of the Territory of Wisconsin which afterwards became the State of Iowa, An act was passed, and approved December 21, 1837, creating the counties of Dubuque, Clayton, Jackson, Benton, Linn, Jones, Clinton, Johnson, Scott, Delaware, Buch- anan, Cedar, Fayette and Keokuk. The following is the part of the act which applies to Johnson county: Sec. 14. All the country lying within the following limits, to-wit: beginning at the southeast corner of Linn county; thence west, with the southern boundary of said county of Linn, to the line dividing ranges twelve and thirteen; thence south on said line to the line between townships seventy-six and seventy-seven, north ; thence east, with said township line to the line dividing ranges four and five, west of the fifth principal merid- ian; thence with said range line, north, to the place of beginning; shall be, and the same is hereby constituted a separate county, to be called Johnson. Sec. 15. All the country lying west of the sounty of Johnson, and be- tween the line dividing townships seventy-six and seventy-seven and the line dividing townships eighty-one and eighty-two north, extending to the western boundary of the Territory, shall be, and the same is hereby con- stituted a separate count}', to be called Keokuk [now Iowa County]. Sec. 16. The counties of Johnson and Keokuk [Iowa] shall, for tem- porary purposes, be attached to and considered in all respects a part of the county of Cedar. JOHNSON county's FIRST OFFICER. The following appointment by Sheriff Tallman, of Cedar county, of S. C. Trowbridge to assist in taking the census, was absolutely the first appointment of a public officer of any sort for Johnson county. At that time Keokuk county was what is now called Iowa county, but extended indefinitely westward to the vague place called "Sundown," or thereabouts. The "W. T." in all these early documents stands for Wisconsin Terri- tory : Cedar County, W. T., May 28, 3 838. I, James W. Tallman, sherifi:'of ihe above county, hereby appoint S. C. Trowbridge an assistant in taking the census required to be taken during the present month; and I assign to him Johnson and Keokuk [now Iowa] counties so far as they are south and west of Cedar river. James W. Taleman, Sheriff C. C, W. T. I, S. C. Trowbridge, do solemnly swear that I will make a just and perfect enumeration of all persons resident within the division assigned to me by the Sheriff of Cedar County, and make due return thereof to the said Sherift'— agreeably to an act of the Legislative Assembly, entitled "An act providing for the taking of the census or enumeration of the inhabitants of the Territory of Wisconsin," according to the best of my abilities. S. C. Trow^bridge. Sworn and subscribed before me this 28th day of May, A. D. 1838. R.G.Roberts, J. P. 168 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. After these documents, the next thing in order that is matter of public record is in regard to county seat. THE FIRST COUNTY SEAT. In 1837-38, there were two rival county seats, on fafcr. One called ' Napoleon, was located on section twenty-two in Lucas township, where James McCoUister now lives. The other was called Osceola, after the Seminole chief of Florida, who starved himself to death, or pined away in grief at being captured and held as a prisoner. His wife's name was Oskaloosa, and the city of that name in Mahaska county was named after her. The Osceola town was laid off finely on faper^ with lots given for churches, colleges, parks, court house, etc., but it never had any defined local habitation. It was a sort of "now-you-see-it and-now-you-don't-see- it" affair, ready to squat wherever luck-and-chance might throw it. This scheme was gotten up, and the fine plat prepared at South Bend, Indiana, and was brought here by Judge Pleasant Harris. The rivalry of these two imaginary towns was a live topic among the settlers during the winter of 1837-38; and the poet of the community, [not certainly known whether John Gilbert or Henry Felkner] broke out into classic verse on the all-absorbing theme. Two manuscript copies of this historic poem were made, but it has never before appeared in print, and we are indebted to Col. Trowbridge for a copy of it: ODE TO OSCEOLA. ■ The mighty chief whose deeds so brave, Whose hate so deadly to each foe, Has late been summoned to the grave; The warrior's head now lies full low. The champion of his race has gone, Has ceased to act upon the stage; Through life a lustre round him shone Ne'er yet surpassed in any age. Superior talents he possessed, And virtue pure as maiden gold; His dauntless courage to the last Proved the true greatness of his soul. But ah, he's left the scene of life; His body rests beneath the sod; Free from every care and strife, His soul has winged its way to God. And long his memory will be dear; His name still sacred shall remain; For him a monument we'll rear On Iowa's tair and flowery plain. We'll build a city to his name — With church and stately tower adorn; High as the heavens shall reach its fame. And in it none shall hunger, thirst or mourn. This was a serio-sarcasm on the lowly source of the name chosen for the new town, and also on the high-sounding promises made by the par- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 169 ties who were wet-nursing it for the county seat. And now its rival in the race for county honors rises and speaks his little piece, thus: napoleon's reply. Vain, feeble worm! presumptuous boy! How vain conceit doth lift thee up! 'Ere long shall trouble mar thy joy, For bitter sorrow thou shalt sup. What hast thou done whereof to boast? What deeds of bravery or of skdl? Did e'er thy voice command a host, And with dread fear cieation fill? Did not ail Europe bow to me, And tremble when I gave command? Can now a feeble worm like thee Presume my fury to withstand? I'll rise once more with dreadful might And scatter devastation round; I'll cast thee from thy giddy height And lay thee level v^ith the ground. Thy boasted church and stately tower, And monument with all its fame, Shall fall before my potent power, Nor dare to speak thy plebian name. My true-born sons shall till the soil On which thy boasted city stands, While peace and plenty on them smiles In the protection of my hands. With such a clear sprincr of classic genius as that, gushing forth among the rude cabins of Johnson county, how could the State University help coming here. This production was a spontaneous forecast of fate, for in six months after it was written the law was enacted which organized Johnson county, with Napoleon named as the county seat. Right here comes in a story of sharp practice, on which Judge Harris and John Gilbert " locked horns," as rival leaders in the public affairs of the new county. As before stated, Harris brought with him from Indiana besides a considerable number of relatives and neighbors, a plat for a county- seat. Jonathan Harris was his son; Isaac N. Lesh was his son-in-law; William Massey was his nephew, and Mrs. Massey and Mrs. Jonathan Harris were sisters. Here was a strong nucleus to attract other relatives and old neighbors, as it soon did. The Judge was ambitious and public spirited, and of course desirous of making money also. In looking about for a suitable place to plant his county seat plat upon, the river bank just above Wapashasheik's Indian village was thought to be the most eligible site; and accordingly the Judge and his friends were ready to " stake that claim" the very hour that the Indian title should become extinct, which 170 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. would be on Oct. 21, 1837. The Indian boundary then existing, (prior to Oct. 21,) ran from near the southwest corner of Liberty township, in a straight line to where the Cedar river crosses the east line of Johnson county. The present townships of Fremont, Pleasant Valley, Lincoln and Scott, were all on " white-man's land " — and also most of Graham and a small part of Cedar, Lucas and Liberty; but all the rest of the county was still " Indian land." Gilbert's trading house was just over the hne on Indian land — a privilege which Gilbert paid for by furnishing certain bar- rels of whisky to the Poweshiek braves. [See Chapter IV, Part 2, on "Old Trading Houses," and "First 4th of July."] To make good their count3^-seat project the Harris party had built a claim cabin close on the river bank, just above Wapashashiek's village, [see the diagram in Chap- ter II, Part 2,] but it was hardly safe for any one to live in it before the lawful day, without special permit from the Indian chiefs. So the cabin stood there awaiting the hour when it could be lawfully occupied. Mean- while, those whose interests and sympathies were with John Gilbert, rather than Judge Harris, or with the " Napoleon " as against the " Osceola" county-seat project, set about to head off the Osceola scheme. Gilbert and his friends were on such friendly terms with Poweshiek and Wapash- ashiek that they could get almost any favor or permit they wanted; so they fixed it all right with the Indians, then got a man named John Mor- ford to move up from Bloomington, [Muscatine] and take that claim. He was afterwards known as " Uncle Johnny Mofford," and the post-office of Morfordville, in Pleasant Valley township, was named after him. But Mr. Morford had no taste for town-making or neighborhood contests, and as soon as he had made good and valid his right to this claim, he traded it to Philip Clark for his farm, further down the river — the same place that is still known as the Morford farm. Philip Clark had his brother-in-law Peter Smith, go and live in the town-site claim cabin, while the county seat compan}^ consisting of Clark and Gilbert, got George Bumgard- ner, a surveyor from Muscatine count}^ to come up and stake off the blocks, lots, streets, etc. And this is the story of how Clark, Gilbert, Trowbridge, Felkner, Morford and others, outwitted Judge Harris and his party by jumping his town site and turning his proposed town of " Osceola " into their town of " Napoleon." Following this, Gilbert received a commission as postmaster, at Napo- leon; but died the next day after it came. Then a commission was pro- cured forjudge Harris' son, William, who w'as under age at the time; and there was a neighborhood snarl and tangle oi tribulation about post-office matters, until S. H. McCrory was made postmaster, and took the office to Iowa City. [See Post Office history in Chapter II, Part 1.] About June 1, 1838, the Napoleonite settlers prepared a petition to the legislature, which w^as to meet in special session at Burlington, on Mon- day, June 11th, and sent S. C. Trowbridge as their "lobby member" to HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 171 secure the legislation they wanted. Trowbridge went down on horse- back and arrived there on the 10th. It should be noted here that at the previous session of the legislature, Messrs. John Gilbert and Pleasant Harris, and I. N. Lesh, went there to get the county organized; but Gil- bert wanted "Napoleon" for the county seat, while Harris was for "Osceola;" and being divided, they got nothing. Trowbridge was there at the same time, on business for Muscatine county, and so got acquainted with the members. After reconnoitering the situation as to men and influ- ence, he selected Hon. John Fole}^, then a member of the Council from Dubuque county, as the best man to serve his object; and accordingly the journal of the second day, June 12th, says: Mr. Foley presented the petition of citizens of Johnson county, asking to be organized as a separate county, and to establish the seat of justice for said county, at or in the town of Napoleon. Referred to a select committee consisting of the whole delegation from the original county of Dubuque. The journal of the lith says: Mr. Foley, from the select committee, to which was referred the peti- tion of citizens of Johnson county, reported bill No. 1, entitled "A bill for an act organizing the county of Johnson, and establishing the seat of justice of said county." Which bill was read a first time. The journal of June 18th again shows the progress of the bill, thus: On motion of Mr. Foley, bill No. 1, entitled "A bill for an act organiz- ing the county of Johnson, and establishing the seat of justice of said county," was read the second time, and ordered to be committed to the committee of the whole house. The council resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. Terry in the chair, for consideration of said bill; and after some time the committee arose and reported the snme without amendment. The report of the committee was concurred in, and the bill ordered to be engrossed for a third reading. On motion of Mr. Foley, Ordered, That the 16th and 18th rules be suspended, in order that the bill may be read a third time now. The bill was then read a third time, passed, and the title agreed to. Ordered, That the concurrence of the House of Representatives be requested therein. In the journal of the 20th this record appears: Message from the House of Representatives, by the clerk, viz: Mr. President: The House of Representatives have concurred in the following resoluticm and bills of this house, viz: A resolution on the subject of printing the laws in pamphlet form. No. 1, A bill for an act organizing the county of Johnson, and establish- ing the seat of justice of said county. On the 22d the said bill was presented to the President of the council for his signature, and on the 23d the President reported to the council that 172 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. this bill had received the Governor's approval and signature. The follow- ing is the bill as passed: AN ACT organizing the county of Johnson, and establishing the seat of justice of said county: Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the Council and House of Representatives of the Territo7'y of Wisconsin^ That the county of Johnson be, and the same is hereby organized from and after the fourth day of July [1838] next, and the inhabitants of said county be entitled to all the rights and privileges to which by law the inhabitants of other organized counties of this territory are entitled to. And the said county shall continue to be a part of the second judicial district, and a district court shall be held at the town of Napo- leon, the seat of justice, at the court house, or such other place as may be provided. Two terms of the said district court shall be held annually after the organization of said county, to-wit: On the second Monday of August and December; and the several acts concerning the district courts of said Wisconsin Territory shall be, and they are hereby made applicable to the .district court of Johnson count3^ And the county of Keokuk [the same that is now called Iowa county] shall be and is hereby attached to the said county of Johnson for judicial purposes. Approved June 22, 1838. On June 2.3d an executive session of the council was held to pass upon nominations made by the Governor, and other matters not specially of a legislative character. At this time the Governor nominated S. C. Trow- bridge to be sheriff of Johnson county, and he was confirmed by the coun- cil. Mr. Trowbridge had been the deputy sheriff of the county, appointed some time in May, by and acting under authority of James W. Tallman, sheriff of Cedar county, to which Johnson county had previously been attached for civil purposes. FIRST REGULAR COMMISSION. The first commission ever issued by any Governor to a Johnson county man, or for Johnson county business, was the following, which this histo- rian has copied from the original document itself, the same being still pre- served as a relic in the recipient's family: HENRY DODGE, Governor of the Territory of Wisconsin: To all unto whom these presents may come, greeting: Know ye, that reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity and ability of Samuel C Trowbridge, I have nominated, and by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council appointed him Sherift^of the county of Johnson; and I do hereby authorize and empower him to execute and fulfill the duties of that office according to law: to have and to hold the said office, with all the rights, privileges and emoluments thereunto belonging, for the term of three years from the date hereof: unless the Governor of the said Territory', for the time being, should think proper sooner to revoke and determine this commission. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 173 In testimony whereof, I have caused these letters to [Seal] be made patent and the Great Seal of the Territory to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand, at Burlington, the 22d day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight, and of the Independence of the United States of America the sixty-second. Henry Dodge. By the Governor: W. B. Slaughter, Sec. Wis. Ty. Although this commission bears date June 22, the day when the nomi- nation was made and confirmed, it was not made out and forwarded until after the legislature had adjourned and Governor Dodge had returned to his home at Belmont, Wisconsin. Meanwhile Mr. Trowbridge had con- tinued to act as sherift, nominally under the authority given by Judge Tallman, which held good until formally superseded by higher authority. But when the Governor's commission came to hand he proceeded to Roches- ter, then county seat of Cedar county, and was duly sworn into office, as the following official records show: Cedar County, Iowa Territory, ss. I, Samuel C. Trowbridge, do solemnl}^ swear that according to the best of my abilities and understanding, I will well and faithfully and with- out partiality, do and execute and perform all the duties of Sheriff^ in and for the county of Johnson — doing equal right to the poor as well as the rich, as their several cases may require, so help me God. Samuel C. Trowbridge. Sworn and subscribed before Robert G. Robert, Clerk of the District Court of Cedar County, this 15th day of August, A. D. 1S3S. Rochester. Robert G. Robert. I, Samuel C. Trowbridge, do solemnly swear that I will support the constitution of the United States during my continuance in office, so help me God. Samuel C. Trowbridge. Administered by R. G. Robert, Clk. D. C. C. C. Rochester, August 15, 183S. (Clk. D. C. C. C. stands for clerk of the district court of Cedar county.) FIRST political SLANDER REFUTED. In the strifes for place and the rivalries of personal ambition and per- sonal interest, Mr. Trowbridge was soon accused of bad faith, or what politicians call "skullduggery" in obtaining the office of sheriff'; but to the credit of Johnson county's first public officer. Judge Tallman gave that accusation the following point-blank and emphatic rebuttal: Antwerp, i\ugust 25, 1840. Mr, Trozvhridge: — Yours of the 22d inst., advising me of your desire that I should write to you on the subject of your appointment as sheriff", came duly to hand. You inform me that you are charged with having procured your appointment through your own solicitation and intrigue, and ask of me a candid statement of my knowledge of the means of your appointment. I was at Burlington when application was made for your appointment, and I procured a recommendation for your appointment, 174 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. which I, together with many others, signed. I am confident that you did not solicit the office, and much less did you use intrigue to obtain it: there bemg no necessity for it, for your friends — among whom were Messrs. Gilbert, Reynolds, and others, — did all that was essential to your success in getting the office. I will further state that I believe that you had no anxiety about the matter, but rather manifested reluctance in taking it: stating as a reason, that you were apprehensive that it would result in an injury rather than a benefit to you. I am yours, &c., J. W. Tallman. FIRST COUNTY BOARD MEETING. The first county clerk was Luke Douglass. The first public document recorded was the bond of Samuel C. Trowbridge, as sheriff' of Johnson countv, with Wheaton Chase as his surety. And here is the oath just as Mr. Douglass himself recorded it: OATH. You solumnly svvare, that you will support the constitution of the United States and the teritory of Iowa, and that you will well and truely perform the duties of assessor in and for the county of Johnson and territory aftbr- said, to the best of your knowleg. So help your God . The above oath was legaly administered by me this day of • 1839. Luke Douglass, Cerk. It will be seen from this that the clerk's office had not yet been supplied either with a spelling book or an almanac. The first two pages of that part of the record where Trowbridge's bond was recorded were lost, so that the amount of the bond and the date of its execution do not appear of record. The next document is the bond of Wheaton Chase, as county treasurer. It was executed April 1, 1S39, in the sum of one thousand dollars, with Samuel H. McCrory and Samuel C. Trowbridge- as his bondsmen. In the oath administered to Wheaton Chase by the clerk and duly recorded, he has this improvement in orthography, "you do solumnly sweare;" but in stating that "the above oath was duly adminis- tered by me," he still writes "this day of , 1839." And so the record remains to this day, without date. The next document is the bond of William Massey, as constable, in the sum of one hundred dollars, with Philip Clark and Henry Felkner, as sureties. But still no date given. The next is a bond of Wheaton Chase, in the sum of three hundred dollars, with Wm. C. Massey as surety; that "the above bounden Wheaton Chase shall keep and maintain good order and rule, and shall suffer no disorder nor unla\^ful games to be used in his house, or in any of the dependencies thereof, and shall not break any of the laws for the regulation of the taverns." (The "tavern" was the Chase trading house. See diagram in Chap. II, Part 2. This document is dated April 20, 1839, and seems to have been the first license of any sort that was issued by Johnson county authority. Mr. Chase also gave bond HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 175 the same day in same sum and with same sm'tty, that he would "in all respects conform with the laws regulating storekeepers." It is peculiar that Mr. Chase sometimes wrote his first name "Wheaton" and some- times "Wheten," but oftenest the latter way. And here is a peculiar document which occurs in another part of the earliest records: Received of Wheaten Chase dollars as moneys rendered to the county treasury in pay for a permit to keep a tavern and store until the next subsequent meeting of the Board of County Commissioners. Napolian, April "ZO, 1839. Wheten Chase. This record seems to be in Mr. Chase's own handwriting, and he writes his first name "Wheaten" once, and then "Wheten." Mr. Wheten Chase had been Black Hawk's interpreter when he went to Washington in April, 1833. He removed from Johnson to Tama county, after the Indians left here, and died there in 1870. In another and better book afterwards procured, some of the first records are copied, and some are not; and so it happens that these earliest records are perplexingly mixed, besides being not very full or complete anyway. Mr. Douglas was not a good hand at that business. FIRST COUNTY COURT. The first entry in the new, large book, is the first record now in exist- ence of a county court in Johnson county, where her own civil affairs were formally administered by her own officers. Hence we quote it as a historic way- mark: At a county commissioners' court begun and held in the county of Johnson and territory of Iowa, on the 29th day of March, A. D., 1839, present the Honorable Henry Felkner and Abner Wolcott, commis- sioners; Samuel C. Trowbridge, sheriff'; Luke Douglass, clerk pro tern. Amongst others were the following proceedings, to-wit: On motion of Henr}'- Felkner, Luke Douglass was appointed clerk of said court. On motion of Henrv Felkner, Esq., ordered by the court that the eagle side of a ten cent piece be adopted as the county seal, until one may be pro- vided by the territory. Ordered this court now adjourn sine die. The minutes are signed by Henry Felkner and William Sturgis as com- missioners. The next entry shows that the commissioners' court met again April 1st, 1839, and this time there were present all three of the members, Felkner, Wolcott and Sturgis. The record recites that Wheten Chase was appointed treasurer for the county. Also, On motion of H. Fe'lkner, Esq., ordered, that the clerk and sheriff' decide by draft which one of the two commissioners, which received an equal number of votes should hold their seat for three years, the result of which draft were as follows, to-wit: Henry Felkner, Esq., sit for three years, Abner Wolcott two years, and William Sturgis one year. The court then proceeded to appoint a county assessor for the year 1839, and on motion of H. Felkner, Esq., Samuel C. Trowbridge was appointed said assessor. On motion of A. Wolcott, Esq., William C. Mas- 176 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. sey was appointed constable in and for the county of Johnson and territory of Iowa. The court then adjourned sine die. Thus the county civil government was now fully organized and all its wheels set in motion; but the revenue to grease them with had yet to be gathered in, and assessor Trowbridge went right about that important duty without delay. WHERE FIRST COUNTY SEAT. It seems that clerk Douglass lost the two first pages of his records of the first county court; but in another place we found the following tran- script from the lost "page second" of that first session: The board then decided upon the quarter section which they would decide upon for county purposes. The commissioners then decided upon the southeast quarter of section 22, township 29 north, range 5 west, with the ioWov^'mg proviso : that in case it should conflict with the location of the seat of government, they will waive their right in case that the locating commissioners will give the choice of a quarter in the vicinity for county purposes. This seems to have had reference to the contemplated removal of the state capital to Johnson county, and they wanted to secure the county seat and state capital town at the same place. But it will be seen by referring to a county map, that the location above designated was about two miles below the present Iowa City, and was the place called Napoleon, though one log cabin and one frame house were the only buildings ever erected on the town site. [See diagram in Chap. II, Part 2.] Everything was waiting for the location of the capital in Johnson county. The cabin was built as a claim cabin, in 1837, and was first occupied by John Morford, in 1838, and afterward by Peter Smith, whose wife gave birth to a daughter in it, in July or August, 1838. The frame house was built by the projectors of the Napoleon town site, and was intended for the court house. It was here the first and second county elections were held. This frame building was 20x32 feet, and two stories high. HOW THE COUNTY SEAT WAS REMOVED. In 1839 the county commissioners were Henry Felkner, Robert Wol- cott and Philip Clark. On October 7 the county court opened in due form at Napoleon, with all the officers present. The record says: "Court having come to order, the sheriff' announced the court in session." After business was disposed of, this record appears: Ordered^ That this court now adjourn, to meet to-morrow morning at eight o'clock, at the house of F. M. Irish, in Iowa City. And the next record is: October term, Oct. 8, 1839. Court in session. Present, Hons. Henry Felkner, Robert Wolcott and Philip Clark, commissioners. The orio^inal record does not state that this day's session was at Iowa City, nor does it even mention that the court met pursuant to adjournment, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 177 which would have served to authenticate the change. But in the tran- scribed record pains were taken to add the statement, that "Court met pur- suant to adjournment." This action of the county board was before the legislature had author- ized the removal. "An act to re-locate the seat of justice of Johnson county" was passed by the legislature, and approved Dec. 31, 1839. This act recites, " That the board of county commissioners in the county of Johnson are hereby authorized to re-locate and establish the seat of justice for the county of Johnson, being first sworn by any judge or justice of the peace thereof, faithfully and impartially to re-locate and establish the seat of justice of said county, taking into consideration the future as well as the present popula- tion of said count}'." The county board was required to attend to this " at or within ninety days" after their next regular meeting. And when they had so done, and their acts were "spread upon their records by the clerk," "the place selected shall be the seat of justice for said count}"-." At a county board meeting, on January 27, 1840, these proceedings were had: On motion of Henry Felkner, Esq., the board of commissioners repaired to view the several adjoining quartet sections of land to the seat of govern- ment, and upon examination the commissioners decided upon the north- west quarter of section fifteen, in township seventy-nine north, and range six west, of the fifth principal meridian, for the seat of justice for said county. Ordered, by the board of commissioners, that Philip Clark be author- ized to repair to Dubuque, and enter, if possible, the aforesaid quarter sec- tion of land for county purposes. Then the court "adjourned for one hour." On re-assembling, the orig- inal r 0.0.0x6. gives us this entry: Ordered by the court, that a memorial be sent to the Congress of the United States, requesting the authority for them to locate the county seat of said county on the quarter section aforesaid. The transcript of this record, which was made six or eight months afterward, changed the wording of it considerably, but the point and pur- pose remained the same; and it appears from the transcribed record that the memorial was forwarded, " directed to the care of the Hon. W. W. Chapman, our delegate in Congress." But Congress was not in the busi- nesss of " locating" frontier county seats, and of course never paid any attention to this document. Philip Clark went to Dubuque as instructed, and secured pre-emption of the quarter section desired, which is that where the Iowa City court house and jail now stand. On October 1-1, 1840, the records show that he was "allowed twenty dollars for services in going to Dubuque, to pre-empt the quarter section 178 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNT V. of land on which the county seat of Johnson county is located." He was also allowed another item of sixteen dollars for "his expenses in the afore- said trip to Dubuque." On the same day the record says: "Ordered, that Samuel C. Trow- brido-e be allowed $15 for his trip to Dubuque with PhiHp Clark, to obtain pre-emption for county seat." LAYING OUT THE NEW COUNTY SEAT. — NOV. 9, 1840. It is ordered by the board, that the northwest quarter of section fifteen be laid out into blocks and lots, as follows: Twent3^-four blocks to be surveyed off the north side at present, each block to be three hundred and twenty feet square, including alleys, the north and south streets to correspond with the streets which run north and south in Iowa City; and the streets running east and west to be eighty feet wide, each block to be divided into eight lots, and alley to be twenty feet wide. Under the superintendence of Philip Clark and said commissioners." FIRST SALE OF LOTS. Ordered by the board, [Jan. 6, 1841,] that a sale of lots in the county seat of Johnson county, shall take place on Monday, May 24, 1841, and continue from day to day until all are sold, or, at the discretion of the commissioners. It is ordered, that the following shall be the terms of sale, to-wit: One fourth of the purchase money to be paid in hand, one forth in six months, one fourth in twelve months, and one fourth in eio^hteen months from the day of sale. FIRST REPORT OF SALES OF LOTS. Oct. 9, 1841, appears the first record of the results of the sale of lots in the county seat, as follows: Wm. R. Harrison, this day, Oct. 9, 1841, produced his books, and it appears from the same that the lots sold in the county seat of Johnson count}', and paid for as required by the terms agreed on by the board of commissioners of said county seat, in May, 1841, including the 24th and 25th of May, 1841, and lots sold since that time, amount to — First pa3'ment being one-fourth in hand $725.87-|- Amount of notes due in 6 months from 1st payment 725.87^ Amount of notes due in 12 months from 1st payment 725.87^ Amount of notes due in 18 months from 1st payment 725.87^ $2903.50 FIRST COUNTY SEAT AGENT. April 7, 1842. "Ordered, that Fernando H. Lee, be and he is hereby appointed agent of said county, agreeable to the provisions of an act of the legislature, authorizing the commissioners of Johnson county to appoint an agent for said county, etc." HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. . 179 CHAPTER L— PART 2. EARLIEST CIVIL SUB-DIVISIONS. First Election Precincts — First Road Districts — Complete List of Present Civil Town- ships, their dates of Organization, Post OfBces, etc. FIRST DESIGNATION OF ELECTORAL PRECINCTS. March 6, 184-0 it was— Ordered by the board, that the county of Johnson be divided into two electoral precincts as follows: The south part or precinct No. l,the elec- tion to be held in Iowa City, and John Parrott, John Hawkins and J. N. Sanders, Esqrs., be appointed judges of the election in said precinct. The north part of said county, or precinct No. 2, the election to be held at the house of Warren Stiles, Esq., in said precinct, and Allen C. SutlitT, Leander Jewit and Jesse Magrue, to serve as judges of the election in said precinct. At the session of July 8, ISiO, the following additional order was made, to define precinct boundaries more closely: Ordered, that the election precincts of the county of Johnson be divided by a line as follows: Commencing at the north east corner of section 24, township SO north, range 5 west, thence west on the section line between sections 13 and 24, and continuing the same line until it strikes the Iowa river, thence up the river to the county line. COMMISSIONER DISTRICTS. County board session, April 7, 1841: Ordered, that all that part of the county of Johnson which lies north of the center of township SO, shall be hereafter constituted and known as district No. 1. Ordered, that all that part of the county of Johnson which lies south of the center of township SO, and north of the center of township 79, shall form and constitute the second commissioner's district of Johnson county. Ordered, that all that part of Johnson county which lies south of the center of township 79, shall form and constitute the third commissioner's district of said county. ELECTORAL PRECINCT NO. 3 — CLEAR CREEK. April 8, 1841. Ordered, that all that part of Johnson county, which lies west of the Iowa river, shall form and constitute one electoral pre- cinct, and be known as precinct number three, and that the elections in said precinct be held at the house of John Hawkins, Esq., on Clear creek. Ordered, that David Switzer, Nathaniel Fellows and Jesse McCart, be and they are hereby appointed judges of elections in the said electoral precinct for the year 1841. The next action on election precincts occurred January 7, 1842, as fol- lows: No. ^. Ordered, that all that portion of Johnson county lying west of the Iowa river and south of the section line dividing sections twentv-two and twent3'-seven, embracing all the settlements on Old Man's Creek in ISO HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. said county, be and the same is hereby established into an electoral pre- cinct to be known as election precinct No. 4, and that the place of holding elections in said precinct be at the house of Jacob Fry. And it is further ordered, that Jacob Fry and James McCrae, be, and they are hereby appointed judges of elections, in and for said precinct. JVo. 5. — Ordered, that all that part of Johnson county, lying north of the Iowa river, and west of a line which is one mile east of the township line dividing ranges six and seven, be and the same is hereby established into an election precinct to be known as election precinct No. 5; and that the place of holding elections in said precinct shall be at the house of M. P. McAllister. And it is further ordered, that William Dupont, Wm. M. Stuart and David Ray, be, and they are hereby appointed judges of elections in said precinct. THE ELECTION PRECINCTS. Up to 1842, the election precincts were still known only by numbers. On April 6, 1842, the following record appears: Election Precinct No, i. — Ordered, that A. J. Willis, William R. Har- rison and Chauncey R. Ward be and are hereby appointed judges of Elections for Precinct No. 1., or Iowa City precinct, for one year from the 1st day of April, 1842. Election Precinct No. 2. — Ordered, that Peleg C. Brown, John Calkin and Robert W. Orr, be and they are hereby appointed judges of elec- tions for Precinct No. 2, for the present year. Election Precinct No. J. — Ordered, that Evan Dollarhide, Martin Harless and Samuel Houston be and are hereby appointed judges of elections in the third election precinct for the present year, and the elections in said pre- cinct shall hereafter be held at the house of Evan Dollarhide. Election Precinct No, ^. — Ordered, that the judges of election appointed at the January session, 1842, be continued for this precinct during the present year. Election Precinct No. 5. — -The judges of elections for this precinct appointed at the January session, 1842, are hereby continued for the pres- ent year. In 1842 these names are used unofficially in the newspapers — Clear Creek precinct. Old Man's Creek precinct, Dupont's precinct [Monroe], Big Grove precinct, Iowa City precinct. April 5, 1843, election precinct No. 1, is called Iowa City precinct; No. 2 is called Big Grove precinct; No. 5 is called Monroe precinct; but Nos. 3 and 4 are not designated by any name. FIRST TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATIONS. At the January session, 1844, (Jan. 1 and 2,) there were petitions pre- sented for the organization of three civil townships on the west side of the river. But it was found that the boundary lines described conflicted with each other, cut across or lapped over, so that they had to be referred back to the petitioners for revision. April 2, 1844, it is recorded: On the petition of sundr}^ citizens of Clear creek precinct, for the organization of a township, with the following HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTV. 181 bounds, to-wit: Commencing at the southeast corner of township 80— — . And here the record stops, without then or thereafter any explanation as to why it was chopped off so short. The next record bearing on these matters is dated April 5, 1844, and reads: Ordered, that the range line or that- part thereof north of the Iowa river, dividing ranges six and seven west, shall hereafter be the dividing line between election precincts 2 and 5, or Big Grove and Monroe pre- cincts. Clear Creek Precinct. — Ordered, that the place of holding elections in Clear Creek precinct shall hereafter be held at the house of James H. Frost in said precinct. The next record is July 3, 1844, and is the first time that all the election precincts are designated by a local name, instead of by number. Hence we quote: lovja City Precinct. — Ordered, that James Robinson, Curtis Bates and Cyrus Sanders be and they are hereby appointed judges of elections for Iowa City precinct for the ensuing year. Big 6^r(?z'6'.— Ordered, that Abner Arrowsmith, Timothy Clark and Frederick Kessler be and they are hereby appointed judges of elections in Big Grove precinct for the ensuing year. Clear Creek. — Ordered, that John Keeler, John Conn and Bryan Dennis be and they are hereby appointed judges of elections for Clear Creek pre- cinct for the ensuing year. Old Manh Creek. — Ordered, that Pleasant Harris, Asby D. Packard and Sheldon N. Cauda be and they are hereby appointed judges of elec- tions for Old Man's Creek precinct for the ensuing year. Monroe. — Ordered, that William Dupont, William Foster and William Winterstein be and they are hereby appointed judges of elections for the ensuing year. IOWA COUNTY PRECINCT. The territory which now constitutes Iowa county remained attached to Johnson county until 1845. On January 8, of that 3^ear, the county board — Ordered, That the county of Iowa be and the same is hereby estab- lished into one election precinct, and shall be known as Iowa County Pre- cinct, and that the place of holding elections in said precinct shall be at the house of A. P. Kitchen, or the old "Trading House," and it is further ordered, that James M. Price, A. D. Stephens and Stephen Chase be and they are hereby appointed judges of elections for said precinct for the present year, 1845. July 9, 1845, it was Ordered, That Geo. W. Kitchen be allowed ten dollars and fifty cents for assessing Iowa county precinct. Thus, Iowa count}'' was still under the jurisdiction of Johnson county in that year. 12 182 HlsTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. PROPORTION OF JURORS, 1845. February 18, 1845, the jury list was apportioned to the several precincts as follows: From Iowa City precinct, seventy 70 " Big Grove precinct, twenty-five 25 " Old Man's Creek precinct, twenty-eight 28 " Clear Creek precinct, twenty 20 " Monroe precinct, seven 7 PROPORTION OF JURORS, 1846. The jury list made on the first Monday in April, 1846, was apportioned to the several townships as follows: Clear Creek township. 8 Washington " . 12 Liberty " .11 Pleasant Valley " . 14 Iowa City " . 50 No. 1. Monroe townsh p. .. 7 No. 7. 2. Big Grove .. 16 " 8. 3. Cedar .. 6 " 9. 4. Newport .. 10 " 10. 5. Scott .. 7 " 11. 6. Penn .. 9 Total 150 FIRST DIVISION INTO ROAD DISTRICTS. Some of the road district divisions ultimately grew into townships or electoral precincts. There were numerous roads viewed and laid out as general county business prior to any designation of separate road districts; but on July 8, 1840, the first lay-out of road districts was made, as fol- lows: No. 1. — Ordered, that all that part of the county inclosed in the second or upper electoral precinct, shall constitute the first road district, and that Warren Stiles, Esq., be appointed supervisor of said district. No. 2. — Ordered, that all that part of the county of Johnson lying between the base line between 78 and 79, and the upper or second electoral precinct, and east of the Iowa river, shall constitute and form the second road district, and that Wm. B. Snyder be appointed supervisor of the same. No. 3. — Ordered that all of that part of the county of Johnson lying south of the base line between townships 78 and 79, shall constitute one road district to be called the third district, and that Robert Walker be appointed supervisor of the same. No. 4. — Ordered, that all of that part of the count}^ lying north of the base line and between townships 78 and 79, north and west of the Iowa river, shall form the fourth road district, and that John Hawkins be appointed supervisor of the same. RE-ARRANGEMENT OF ROAD DISTRICTS. County board session, April 4, 1841: Ordered, that all that part of Johnson county lying south of the line dividing townships 78 and 79, and east of the Iowa river, shall constitute the first road district in said county; and that Eli Myers be, and he is hereby appointed supervisor of said district for the present year. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 183 Road District No. 2. — Ordered, that all that part of Johnson county- lying north of the line dividing townships 78 and 79, and east of the Iowa river, and south of Iowa Avenue and the Bloomington road, shall form the second road district in said county; and that William B. Snyder be appointed supervisor of said district for the year 1841. No.. J. — Ordered, that all that part of Johnson county which lies north of the south side of Iowa Avenue and Bloomington road, (including said avenue and road) and east of the Iowa river, and south of the center of township 80, shall form the third road district in said county; and that Samuel H. McCrary be appointed supervisor of said district. No. ^. — Ordered, that the following bounds shall constitute the fourth road district of Johnson count}^, to-wit: Commencing on the eastern boundary of said county, at the center of township 80, thence west on said line eight miles, thence north to the county line; and that John West be appointed supervisor for said district for the year 1841. No. 5. -Ordered, that the territory contained in the following bounds, shall constitute the fifth road district, to-wit: Commencing on the Iowa river at the center of township 80, thence east to the section line dividing sections 14 and 15, in range 6, thence north to the boundary line of said county, including all that part of Johnson county east and north of the Iowa river; and that Charles Connelly be appointed supervisor of said dis- trict for one year. No. 6. — Ordered, that part of Johnson county lying west of Iowa river, and north of the center of township 79, shall constitute the sixth road dis- trict; and that John N. Hedley be appointed supervisor of said district for the year 1841. No. 7. — Ordered, that all that part of Johnson county which lies west of Iowa river, and south of the center of township 79, shall constitute the seventh road district; and that Jacob Fry be appointed supervisor of said district- for the year 1841. No. 8. — On April 7, another turn was taken at road districts, which resulted thus: Ordered, that all that part of road district No. 3, which lies east of Dubuque street in Iowa City, and the Dubuque road in said district, and in township 79, in ranges five and six west, shall hereafter constitute one road district, and be known as road district No. 8, and that James Trem- ble be and is hereby appointed supervisor of said road district. No. g. — Ordered, that all that part of road district No. 5, which lies west from two miles west of the range line dividing ranges 6 and 7, shall hereafter constitute the ninth road district; and that William Dupont be appointed suptirvisor of said district. No. 10. — Ordered, that all that part of road district No. 6, which lies west of Iowa river, commencing one mile north of the township line divid- ing townships 79 and SO, thence west to the range line dividing ranges six and seven, thence north one mile, thence west to the boundary line, shall constitute, and hereafter be known as the tenth road district; and that Geo. Wein be and he is hereby appointed supervisor of said district. No. II. — Ordered, that all that part of road district No. 7, in the fol- lowing bounds, to-wit: Commencing at the northwest corner of section 15, township 79, range 6, thence west three miles, thence south to the county line, shall hereafter constitute road district No. 11; and that David Switzer be and he is hereby appointed supervisor of said district. 184 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. HISTORY WRITING AND RESEARCH. The State Press of August 23, 1882, contained the following edi- torial item: Last Tuesday the Secretary of State at Des Moines, called upon the Auditor of Johnson County for a mass of historical statistics, such as date of organization of each civil township, their names, their boundaries, and any changes that have been made in these, besides other matters. The county records not having been indexed, there is no possible way to obtain the information called tor, but by a competent and faithful man sit- ting down and going over the county records, page b}- page, from the year 1837 to the present time — a period of fort3'-five years — and culling out the facts desired and then tabulate them. But he would likewise have to search the various acts of the territorial legislature of Wisconsin, the territorial legislature and the state legislature of Iowa, all of which have had some dealing with Johnson county boundaries. To collect all these data and put them into shape would require a solid month's work of an expert at such business; and yet the Auditor is called upon to do it, with- out a dime of funds anywhere to pay for it. But it appears on investi- gation that the Johnson County History Company is doing just this sort of work, and has these very matters in hand and already about half completed. Hence, if the Auditor makes any response at all for John- son county, he will have to draw on the History Company for it. It appears that the matter is wanted lor a volume of the State census and other civil statistics, which is being prepared by authority of the executive council, and required by Chapter 198 of Acts of the 18th General Assembly. The following table was compiled from the work of this historian, as above referred to, and forwarded to the Secretary of State: TABULAR VIEW OF TOWNSHIPS, POST-OFFICES, ETC., OCT. 1, 1882. Name of Tp. When Organized. Township North. Range West. Post Offices. Big Grove .... April 9, '15 81 6 Solon. Cedar Jan . 7, '46 81 5 No post-office. Clear Creek . . Feb. 10, '46 80, i of 79 . . 7 and 8 . . .Tiffin. [Afterwards parts of each of the civil townships of Madison, Oxford, Hardin and Union were taken from the territory of Clear Creek.] Fremont Apr. 6, '57 77 5 . . . | Lone Tree, Shoo \ Fly and River Junct. [Record not found. See chapter on Fremont Township History.] Graham Jan. 5, '57 .• . . 80 5 Morse, Oasis. Hardin Jan. 4, '58 79 8 Windham. [Formerly included within the territory of Washington township.] Jefferson Mar. 5, '54 81 7 Shueyville. [The territory of Jefterson was formerly included in Monroe township] Liberty Feb. 10, '46 78, ^ of 79 . . 7, n i 6 . . Bon Accord. .[All of Sharon and one-half of Union were afterwards taken from the original territory of Liberty township.] Lincoln June 8, '70 88 5 No post-office. [Was formerly a part of Pleasant Valley township.] HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 185 Name of Tp. When Organized. Townshii, North, Range West. Post Offices. Lucas ( Feb. 10, '46 79 b Coralville. I Jan. 15, '73 [Formerly called Iowa City township. The township is divided into two voting pre- cincts, East and West Lucas, on the two sides of the Iowa River.] Madison Oct. 15, '00.. .n >^ 80 7 and 8... Chase. [It was from 1846 to 18G0, included in Penn township.] Monroe Feb. 10, '46 81 7 and 8 . . . Gregg, Danforth. [Jefferson township was afterward detached from Monroe.] Newport Feb. 10, '46 80 5, e >^ 6 . . .No post-office. [Graham township was afterwards detached from the territory of Newport township.] Oxford Mar. 3, '56 80 8 Oxford. [Was formerly a part of Clear Creek township.] I W >^ of 6.. Penn Feb. 10 '46 80. .. f n >^ of 7. . .North Liberty. [Then included what is now Madison township.] Pleasant Val'y.Feb. 10, '46 78 5, e ^ 6 . . Morfordsville. [Then included the present territory of Lincoln township.] Scott Feb. 10, '46 79 5 No post-office. Sharon Feb. 1, '58 78 7 Sharon Center. [Formerly included in Liberty township.] Union Mar. 6, '54 79 7 No post-office. [North half f )rmerlyjinc]uded in Clear Creek township, and the south half in Liberty township ] 78 and s \ Amish. Washington . . .Feb. 10, '46 i of 79 . . 8 \ Franlc Pierce. [At the time of organization it included s % of tp 79, r 8; Oct. 4, 1847, the n. % °^ said tp. was attached also. These were afterwards detached, and formed into what is now Hardin township. J ^.^ ) Feb. 10, '46 79 6 Iowa City. Iowa City. .. - T -, ^ ',-o ■^ •^ i Jan. lo, US [Iowa City Township now comprises only the territory within the corporate limits of Iowa City, and is divided into two voting precincts, North and South. But from 1846 to 1873 the territory now called Luca^ township was included in Iowa City township.] CHAPTER II.— PART 1. POLITICAL RECORD. Historic Elections — Successive County Officers — The Grand Parliament — Higher Political Honors — Post-office Matters — Census by Townships, 1850 to 1880. THE FIRST ELECTION. About May 26, 1838, S. C. Trowbridge went to Rochester, then the county seat of Cedar county, and on the 28th he was commissioned as deputy sheriff for Johnson and Keolcuk counties. [See the docutnents in another place.] Iowa was still a part of Wisconsin Territory, but the matter of separat- ing it was already under discussion in Congress, and the Iowa people 186 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. were generally expecting that they would soon be set oft' as a territory by themselves. Johnson county had been named, and its boundaries defined, but the people settled there'^had never been authorized to hold an election- Thev wanted to be getting themselves into proper civil and political rela- tions with "the powers that be," and take their rightful part in the govern- ment, whether it were Wisconsin or Iowa Territory. It was to bring this about that Trowbridge had been sent to Rochester by the settlers in the vicinity of the trading houses. Accordingly, the same day he was com- missioned deputy sherift' he went before the board of commissioners of Cedar county, and applied for an order of election. The application was granted, and an election ordered to be held at Gilbert's trading-house, on the first Monday in August; and it was to be known as the Iowa precinct of Cedar county. Trowbridge nominated officers for the election, which were confirmed b3^ythe county board, as follows: Judges — Eli Myers,^Henry Felkner and Pleasant Harris. Clerks — W. Sturgis and Isaac N. Lesh. [These matters are of record in Cedar county, but have never been recorded in any shape in Johnson county until now searched out for and printed in this history.] But that proposed election was never held, for, before its time arrived, Johnson county had obtained a special act of the legislature organizing the county, naming and locating its county seat, appointing a sheriff', etc., so that it could run its own business in its own way, instead of being a mere appendage of Cedar county. The proceedings and documents in regard to organizing the county and investing it with civil jurisdiction are given in another place. Iowa Territory began to exist for itself on July ;>, 1838, and the next day, July 4, was the day that had been set by the Wisconsin territorial legislature for Johnson county to begin its separate political existence. Of course everything was to go on just the same under the new terri- torial rule as before^ until changed by proper authority. Wm. B. Con- way had been appointed Secretary of the new territor}- of Iowa, and arriving here a few days before Gov. Lucas, he made indecent haste to issue a proclamation for a territorial election, signing himself "Acting Governor." But when Governor Lucas arrived (August 15,)* he issued a proclamation on the same day for an election to be held on September 10. This of course overruled and wiped out all of Conway's premature acts. Sheriff' Trowbridge had taken some steps for an election under *Governor Robert liUcas arrived in Iowa tor the first lime, on tiie steamboat "Brazil." from Cincinnati, Ohio, landiiifr at Burlington on Wednesday morning, August 15,1838. The same day he issued his proclamiilionfor the election of members ot territorial legis- lature, and delegate to Congress. These historic facts are gathered from the Burlington Territorial Gazette, dated August 18, 1838, and should settle all disputes in regard to the matter. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 187 Conway's proclamation, but nothing which interfered with his prompt attention to the more rightful order of the Governor. As before remarked, Governor Lucas issued his proclamation on the same day he arrived in the territory, calling an election to be held Sept. 10, 1838. All of that proclamation which specially concerns Johnson county, was the following paragraph: The counties of Johnson, Cedar, Jones and Linn, shall form an election district, and elect one member of the council and one member of the house of representatives. The parties interested in the town site of Napoleon as the county seat, had "chipped in together" and raised money to build a frame house twenty by thirty-two feet, and two siories high, to serve as a court house. These were Gilbert, McCrary, Smith, Felkner, Trowbridge, etc.; and the house erected was really a formidable and creditable enterprise, consid- ering the difficulties of getting lumber and other building materials, at that time. (See the diagram on another page). And here, in this house, occurred the first formal election ever held in Johnson county, the territory which now constitutes Iowa county being an adjunct precinct. About the time of this first election Robert Walker had been commis- sioned by Governor Lucas as the first justice of the peace, in Johnson county; but the imperfect county records do not anywhere show this fact. The officers of that first election were: yudges — Wm. Kelso, David Sweet, and Isaac N. Tesh. Cla-ks — I. P. Hamilton, and S. H. McCrary. WHO WERE ELECTED. There were four candidates for Congress, namely: W. W. Chapman, Virginia State Rights Democrat; P. H. Engle, Jackson Democrat; David Rohrer, Democrat anyway; B. F. Wallace, Whig. Chapman had been specially friendly and helpful in securing the legis- lation which the Johnson county people wanted, so he was the favored man, without much regard as to where he stood on the national questions of the time. These pioneers had their politics nearer home just then — and the vote of Johnson county, as canvassed and certified to Governor Lucas at the time, was: For Chapman, thirty-six votes; for Engle, one vote. Rohrer and Wallace got no votes here. The other officers elected at the same time were: For member of legislative council — Charles Whittlesy, of Cedar county. For member of house of representatives — Robert G. Robert, of Cedar county. For county commissioners — Henry Felkner, Wm. Sturgis, and Abner Wolcott. For county recorder — I. P. Hamilton. For county assessor — S. B. Mulholland. For constables — Peter Crum, and Wm. C. Massey. 188 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. The county treasurer and the assessor -elect failed to qualify; and con- sequently the board of county commissioners appointed Wheten Chase to be treasurer, and S. C. -Trowbridge to be assessor. Trowbridge held a three-years' commission as sheriff from Governor Dodge, unless Governor Lucas should see fit to revoke it, which he did not, but gave him another commission for the next term; and the law at that time imposed on the sheriff the duty of tax collector, as well as rogue- nabber — so Trowbridge had business at every pot-boil in the county. [See under head of First County Records.] Owing to the incompetency, laziness or neglect of Clerk Douglass, no record was preserved of that first election. And it has not been secured and made of record by the county since; so that it remained for this his- torian to rake up the scattered fragments of fact and recollection, out of which a connected, systematic and authentic record of that first election is now for the first time made and placed befoi^e the people of Johnson county. THE SECOND COUNTY ELECTION. Clerk Douglass also failed to make any record of the second county election. In the first case there might be some excuse for it, but no reas- onable excuse can be offered for the second time this delinquency occurred, for he was then fully in office, had every convenience, and it was his duty to make the record; but he failed to do it. However, among Col. Trow- bridge's old papers, documents, etc., we found the whole bunch of the original tickets, just as they were written out and voted at Napoleon, the county seatj on the first Monday in August, 1839 — and from these musty relics of almost a semi-centennial antiquity, we present the following accu- rate canvass of that second election ever held in Johnson county, the judges of which were Andrew D. Stephen, John Eagan and S. C. Trowbridge For representatives in the legislature: John Frierson, democrat, received 32 votes; T. T. Clark, whig, received li votes; S. C. Hastings,* democrat, received 32 votes; S. S. Lathrop, democrat, 1 vote. There were two to be elected from Muscatine, Johnson and Iowa coun- ties jointly, and Clark and Hastings were the ones elected, as they got good majorities in the other counties. For county commissioners: John Morford, received 21 votes; Abner Wolcott, 32: Henry Felkner, 44; Philip Clark, 29; A. C. Sutliff; 16; Wm. Sturgis, 1; A. Arrowsmith, 1. Why the above voting was done at all is not clear, for Felkner had already been chosen (at the election of Sept. 10, 1838), county commissioner *Hastirig8 was elected to the legislative council from the same counties in 1840; and in 1846 he was elected to congress. He was afterwards appointed chief justice of Iowa by Gov. Ansel Briggs. Then during the legislative session of 1848-40, Hastings and Judge Joseph Williams were candidates for chief justice. Williams was elected. Hastings resigned before his time was out and went to California. Thesamefall (1849) he was elected and took his seat as chief justice there. He thus filled this high position in two different States inside of one calendar year — the only case of the kind on record. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 189 for three years and Wolcott for two years; but Sturgis' first term was only for one year, as decided by lot when county court was first organized. We cannot solve the puzzle. For county treasurer, John Fagan received 44 votes; Wheten Chase received 1 vote. For count}^ surveyor, Cyrus Sanders received 45 votes; John Eagan, 1 vote, and David Switzer 1 vote. For assessor, S. B. Mulholland received 44 votes. This vote was merely complimentary, for Trowbridge was still sherifl:' and therefore ex officio assessor, as the law then stood ; so of course Mul- holland did not qualify, or act as assessor. For coroner, John Hawkins received 45 votes. For constable, John Royal received 25 votes; John Trout, 28; David Cox, 28; Peter Crumen, 15; Wm. C. Massey, 15; A. D. Stephens, 8. Some of Stephens' votes were marked "for sheriff," and one vote was cast for S. C. Trowbridge for sheriff; but as there was no sheriff" to be elected at this time, of course these votes were cast as a matter of sport, or else from not knowing the legal statu quo. FIRST OFFICERS OF THE COUNTY. The following list has been carefiilly compiled from every source where authentic information could be obtained, the county records being greatly deficient. First Sheriff.— S. C. Trowbridge, from May, 1838, till 1842. First appointed as deputy sheriff' by Sheriff' Tallman, of Cedar county ; then commissioned as sheriff'by Gov. Dodge of Wisconsin territory; then recom- missioned by Gov. Lucas of Iowa territory; then elected by the people in October, 1840. Resigned in September, 1842. First Justice of the Peace. — Robert Walker; commissioned by Gov. Lucas, in August, 1838, and held the office almost continuously for forty years. First County Commissioners. — Henry Felkner, William Sturgis, Abner Wolcott; elected at Napoleon, Sept. 10, 1838. First County Recorder. — I. P. Hamilton, elected Sept. 10, 1838. First County Treasurer. — ^John Eagan, elected Sept. 10, 1838, but failed to qualify; and on April 1, 1839, the commissioners' court appointed Wheten Chase to fill the vacancy. [Chase died in Tama county, in 1870.] First County Assessor. — S. B. Mulholland, elected Sept. 10, 1838, but failed to qualify; and on April 1, 1839, the county commissioners appointed S. C. Trowbridge to fill the vacancy. First Constables. — Peter Crum and William C. Massey; elected Sept 10, 1838. First County Clerk.- — Luke Douglas, appointed by the commissioners' court March 29, 1839, its first session. 190 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. First County Surveyor. — Cyrus Sanders, elected first Monday in August, 1839. First County Coroner. — John Hawkins, elected in August, 1839. First Member of Legislature from Johnson County. — S. C. Hastings, elected in August, 1839. First Judge. — Joseph Williams, of Muscatine, who opened the first district court in Johnson county, on the second Monday in May, 1839, (2d judicial district.) First Clerk of Court. — Luke Douglas, appointed by Judge Williams at this time. First Prosecuting Attorney. — T. S. Parvin; commissioned by Gov. Lucas, for the second judicial district. The county records show that on January 1, 1840, the sum of $65.00 was allowed to T. S. Parvin, Esq., for services rendered to the county, as prosecuting attorney, in and for the county of Johnson. First Judge of Probate. — William McCormick, elected in October, 1840. First Postniastei . — John Gilbert, appointed postmaster at Napoleon, March 2, 1839; died the next day after his commission arrived. William Harris was next appointed, April 18, 1839. Before this, Bloomington [now Muscatine] was the post-office town of our settlers, it being their nearest steamboat landing and trading point on the Mississippi river. [See article on " Postmasters of Iowa City."] FIRST PUBLISHED COUNTY TICKETS. The first regular party tickets for the county offices and legislature, which are preserved in the newspaper files of the time, were those nomi- nated by the respective parties in 181:2. And it may be some comfort to candidates, to be assured that the Johnson county partisan newspapers of JSl:-2, were as furiously "red hot" on the private, personal and public character of their respective opponents as any newspaper of the present time can attempt to be. In looking over the campaign numbers of those earlv newspapers, one is led to imagine that their editors wrote with pens made of eagle's claws, dipped in aqua fortis. Our more modern lead- pencil campaigners are tame in comparison. In fact, such vials of ven- omous vituperation as were then poured out in unstinted measure would haidly be tolerated in any community now. We give the two party tickets of that year, as showing who then stood as standard bearers of the divided politics ot" 18-12. JOHNSON COUNTY WHIG TICKET. For Member of Territorial Council — Dr. Jesse Bowen. For Kepresentativc — James Trimble. For Sheriff — Daniel Hess. For Recorder — William L. Gilbert. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 191 For Commissioner — John Parrott. For Treasurer — Edward Foster. For Justices of the Peace — John Hawkins, Robert Walker and I. M, Preston. For Clerk of Commissioners^ Court — Charles H. Berryhill. For Coroner — J. M. Headly. For Assessor — George Wein. For Constables — Daniel Sink, William Goodrich and Elijah Walker. DEMOCRATIC NOMINATIONS. For Council — Pleasant Harris. For Representative — Henry Felkner. For Sherif—V^aXitv Butler. For Commissioner — Nathaniel Fellows. J^or Recorder — Jesse Berry. For Treasurer — Thomas Snyder. For Clerk of Commissioners'' Court — Stephen B. Gardner. For Coroner — Thomas Ricord. For Assessor — E. K. Morse. IOWA CITY PRECINCT. For Justices of the Peace — F. H. Lee, A. D. Stephens and Eli Myers. For Constables — Hiram Watts, Wm. P. Doty and J. I. Burge. HISTORIC PRESIDENTIAL VOTES. The year 1856 was a historic year, from the fact that the Republican party was organized at that time, and had its first national presidential ticket in the field. Hence, the vote of Johnson county for the presidential candidates of that year should be preserved for reference and instruction: Republican Democratic Wliig Candidate, Candidate, Candidate, Township. John C Fremont James Buchanan Millard Filmore Iowa City 595 470 80 Cedar 55 22 22 Big Grove 89 57 14 Jefferson 10 16 29 Monroe 43 20 14 Oxford 20 37 6 Clear Creek 9 38 11 Penn 63 28 23 Newport 70 59 2 Scott 88 • 17 7 Pleasant Valley 84 60 4 Liberty 6 64 27 Washington 36 47 62 Union 47 26 3 Total 1215 961 282 192 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. THE ELECTION OF 1860. This was the Presidential year, which culminated in the Southern Rebellion, and its succeeding war. There were four Presidential candi- dates — Abraham Lincoln, Republican; Stephen A. Douglas, Northern Democrat; John C. Breckenridge, Southern Democrat; John Bell, old line Whig. The vote of Johnson County stood as follows: TowNsnirs. Lincoln. Big Grove 92 Cedar 80 Clear Creek 33 Fremont 82 Graham 95 Hardin 30 Iowa City 627 Jetierson 35 Liberty 17 Madison 52 Monroe . 64 Newport 66 Oxford 41 Penn 78 Pleasant Valley 110 Scott 112 Sharon 72 Union 52 Washington 66 Douglas. Bell. Brecken ridge. 108 40 , . 65 43 4 45 2 34 3 615 30 17 31 25 79 5 32 4 28 66 55 32 2 35 7 1 20 2 41 3 32 47 26 6 1804 1448 111 26 PRESIDENTIAL VOTE IN 1872. The presidential campaign of this year presented one of the strangest anomalies that has ever occurred in the history of human governments. The Democratic party took for its candidate Horace Greeley, founder of the A^ezv York Tribune^ who had been for more than a quarter of a cen- tury the most untiring, uncompromising and widely influential fl'/^/z-demo- cratic editor in the nation. He had also been an original anti-slavery man, and finally a down-right "abolitionist" of national fame and influence, so hated and berated in the slaveholding south that if caught there he would have been hung to the first tree at hand. Yet this year the slave- holder ex-rebels of the south supported him as their candidate for Presi- dent; and likewise many Republicans throughout the north, who were read}^ and willing to meet these subjugated southern brethren half way, and "clasp hands across the bloody chasm" of the terrible civil war, joined them in the support of Mr. Greele3^ These fiicts in the case make the presidential vote of this year one full of curious and historic interest in every precinct; and hence we here preserve the official returns of this election in Johnson County: HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 193 Township. For Gen. Grant . For Horace Greeley. Big Grove 79 103 Cedar 60 38 Clear Creek 59 51 Fremont 105 41 Graham 74 76 Hardin 57 77 Iowa City— North Precinct . 332 470 Iowa City— South Precinct 448 316 Jetlerson 31 76 Liberty 32 76 Lincoln 83 28 Madison 48 57 Monroe 58 47 . Newport 30 56 Oxford 94 89 Penn 72 31 Pleasant Valley 76 50 Scott 119 49 Sharon 100 59 Union 60 61 Washington 92 36 2109 1889 VOTE ON THE WORD "wHITE," AND LICENSE. On August 3, 1857, a vote was taken on a proposition to strike out the word "White" from the Constitution of Iowa, so that colored men might become voters and have the same civil rights and protection that white men have. And at the same election the voters were also to decide whether a license law for the sale of intoxicating liquors should be adopted instead of the prohibitory law then in force. The result of this historic vote is herewith given by townships: Strike out the License Townships. wora "white"? i^ii^ense. Yes. ]S'o. For. Ag'st Iowa City 54 691 702 185 Big Grove 6 113 76 Cedar 15 32 25 1 Jeflerson 41 15 8 Monroe 9 38 26 16 Penn 4 66 66 4 Clear Creek 54 1 7 Washington 64 37 13 Union 17 16 7 Liberty 2 85 80 4 Pleasant Valley 1 69 .. 3 Scott 15 16 26 7 Newport 5 66 30 12 Oxford 7 48 25 17 Fremont 3 77 47 Graham 6 33 27 4 127 1510 1199 288 194 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. CALENDAR OF COUNTY OFFICERS. Coyn-pleie from Alay, iSj8^ till October, 1882 — a period of more than forty- Jour years. SUCCESSIVE SHERIFFS. 183S — Samuel C. Trowbridge, democrat; appointed by Gov. Dodge, territoral governor of Wisconsin. Re-appointed by Robert Lucas, first territorial governor of Iowa, in 1839. Was elected by popular yote in 1840. Resigned in September, 1842, about a month before the expira- tion of his term, and was the same day sworn in as postmaster of Iowa City. [See article on "Postmasters of Iowa City."] 1842- — Walter Butler, democrat, (died in office.) 1844 — M. P. McAllister, first appointed by Gov. Chambers, to fill the Butler vacancy, was afterward elected. Whig. 1846 — George Paul, democrat. This year the government was changed from territorial to state form, and county elections changed from the even to the odd years. ]847 — John D. Abel, democrat; re-elected in 1849. 1861 — Gilbert E. DeForest, whig — afterward a republican. 1853— S. B. Mulholland, democrat. 1855 — J. W. Howard, old line whig. 1857 — Edgar Harrison, democrat. 1859— John Wilson, republican; re-elected in 1861-63-65. 1867 — Samuel P. McCadden, democrat; re-elected in 1869-71-73, and died in office. 1874 — M. Cavanagh, appointed to fill the McCadden vacancy, and then elected at a special election. Re-elected at- the regular election in 1875. Democrat. 1877 — John Coldren, democrat. Re-elected in 1879-81. Present sheriff, Oct. 1, 1882. SUCCESSIVE CLERKS. 1839 — Luke Douglas, appointed by the county commissioners, March 29, 1839. Appointed clerk of the district court by Judge Williams, May 13, 1839. 1840 — ^July 9, Mr. Douglas resigned, and Stephen B. Gardner, demo- crat, was appointed by the county board. He continued to hold the office by successive appointments from this until 1851, when the duties of pro- bate judge and county commissioners were merged into one officer called county judge. F. H. Lee was elected count}' judge, and kept the records mostl}' himself. The officer of Clerk of the District Court, had hereto- fore been filled by the county clerk, on appointment of the district judge. But now it was made an elective office by itself; and in August, 3852, Samuel J. Hess, whig, was elected by only three majority over Gardner. For Hess, 435; for Gardner, 432. Mr. Gardner finally removed to Kan- sas. 1852 — Samuel J. Hess, whig. Re-elected in 1854. 1856 — Salathiel Batchellor, republican. Re-elected in 1858. 1860— Henry E. Brown, republican. 1862 — Thomas J. Cox, democrat. 1864— John C. Culbertson, republican. 1866 — Fernando H. Lee, republican. 1868 — Benjamin King, democrat. 1870 — Jacob C. Switzer, republican. Re-elected in 1872. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 195 1874 — George W. Koontz, democrat. Re-elected in 1876 and 1878. 1880 — Stephen Bradley, democrat. SUCCESSIVE TREASURERS. 1838 — John Eagan, elected Sept. 10, but failed to qualify, and Wheten Chase was appointed by the county commissioners, April 1, 1839. Yet the records of 1840 show that John Eagan was treasurer, for he made a settlement as treasurer in October of this year; and he was also deputy sheriff. 1840 — Dr. Ezra Bliss, whig. In October of this year (Oct. 28), treas- urer Bliss was reported absent and the office vacant. James Lee was then appointed to fill the vacancy. February 8, 1841, Bliss and Lee both resigned, and an election was called on March 6, 1841, to fill the vacancy, therefore 1841 — Wm. R. Harrison, democrat, was elected. 1842 — Thomas Snyder, democrat. Re-elected in 1844-46. . 1848 — ^Hiram Watts, democrat, treasurer and recorder. April 23, 1850, Watts having gone to California, was repoi ted absent. The office was deemed vacant; Gordon Hutchinson was appointed to fill the vacancy, with instructions to proceed and collect the taxes of 1846-47-48-49. 1851 — Samuel Workinan, democrat, recorder and treasurer. 1853 — S. H. Gardner, democrat, treasurer and recorder. 1855 — Thomas Hughes, democrat, treasurer and recorder. Re-elected in 1857, republican. 1859 — ^James Borland, democrat, was declared elected by the board, but a contest in court proved that J. G. Sperry, republican, was elected, and accordingly he served the term. 1861 — Joseph H. Deacon, republican. Re-elected in 1863, and died the same year. Thomas M. Banberry was appointed to fill the vacancy till the election of 1864. 1864 — A. C. Younkin, republican, was elected to serve out Deacon's unexpired term. This year the offices of recorder and treasurer were made separate— 'the first to be elected in the even years, and the latter in the odd years. 1865. — A. C. Younkin, re-elected. Re-elected again in 1867. 1869 — A. J. Hershire, democrat. Re-elected in 1871. 1873 — Lowell Swisher, democrat. Re-elected in 1875. 1877— Charles M. Reno, democrat. Re-elected in 1879. 1881 — Hugh McGovern, democrat. Present incumbent, Oct. 1, 1882. SUCCESSIVE RECORDERS. 1838- — I. p. Hamilton, whig, elected Sept. 10. Mr. Hamilton was dis- tinctly elected as recorder. 1840 — Jesse Berry, democrat, was elected as recorder. But thereafter the duties of this office seem to have been performed by the clerk of the district court for some years, and was finally united with the office of treasurer. 1848 — Hiram Watts, democrat, elected as recorder and treasurer. And from this on, till 1864, the recorder and treasurer were the same. See " Successive Treasurers" for the names of incumbents during that period. 1864 — November 8, John B. Lee was elected recorder for two years; at the same time A. C. Younkin was elected treasurer till January 1, 1866. 196 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. The two offices having now been made separate, and elective in alternate years, so that the next election of treasurer would occur at the fall election in 1865. [See "Successive Treasurers."] 1866 — J. S. Lodore, republican. Re-elected in 1868. 1870 Wm. J. Huff, democrat. 1872— George W. Hand, republican. Re-elected in 1874. 1876 — Alexander L. Sorter, democrat. Re-elected 1878-80. Resigned in April, 1882, and WiUis C. Wheden was appointed by the county board to fill the vacancy. , SUCCESSIVE AUDITORS. Up to 18.51 the county court consisted of three commissioners. The first board, elected in 1838, consisted of Henry Felkner, WilHam Sturgis and Abner Wolcott . The last board of commissioners were A. Gilliland, George Fesler and David Wray. During the continuance of this system, the board audited the public accounts. But the law was changed so that in 1851, a county judge was elected, for the combined duties of judge of probate, county commissioners, auditor and clerk; and at this time Fer- nando H. Lee was elected as the first county judge, serving also as audi- tor. This system continued until the separate office of auditor was created by act of the legislature, April 7, 1868, and the county judgeship abol- ished. James Cavanagh had been elected in 1867 as county judge and auditor, and continued to hold as auditor until — 1869 — Garrett D. Palmer, democrat, was elected. Re-elected 1871-73. 1875 — A. J. Hershire, democrat. Re-elected 1877. 1879 — Arthur Medowell, republican, present incumbent, Oct. 1, 1882. SUCCESSIVE COUNTY JUDGES. At the county election of 1838, no judge of probate was elected. 1839 — Pleasant Harris, democrat, was elected in April, as judge of pro- bate. 1840 — William McCormick, whig, judge of probate, elected in October. 1843 — ^John Hawkins, whig, was elected judge of probate, and was re-elected from term to term until April 11, 1850, when he resigned, and George S. Hampton was appointed to fill the vacancy. The next year this office was combined with the new office of county judge, which took the place of the board of three commissioners; hence we have 1851 — Fernando H. Lee, democrat, elected as the first county judge. Re-elected in 1855, as a republican. 1857 — George W. McCleary, democrat. Re-elected in 1859 and 1861, the term having been changed from four to two years. 18(53 — John Williams, republican. 1867 -James Cavanagh, democrat. With his term, this office became extinct, but he continued to be county auditor until 1869, when G. D. Palmer was elected. SUCCESSIVE SURVEYORS. 1839 — Cyrus Sanders, democrat, elected in August, 1838, and was con tinned in the office clear up to 1855. 1855 — Edward Worden, democrat. 1857 — Cyrus Sanders, again. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 197 1859 — D. J. Davies, republican. Killed at the battle of Cedar Creek, in Virginia, 186-1, 1861 — James Dawson, repubilican. 1863 — Phineas Cowgill, republican. 1865 — Daniel A. Shafer, republican then. 1867 — Edward Worden again. 1860 — Christian Hess, democrat. 1871 — Edward Worden, third time; and re-elected in 1873. 1875— H. N. Berry, democrat. 1877 — Charles P. Bacon, democrat. 1879 — Daniel A. Shafer, democrat. 1881 — Edward Worden; his fifth election to the office. SUCCESSIVE CORONERS. 1839 — John Hawkins, whig, elected in August, 1839. 1810 — I. P. Hamilton, whig, elected in October. 1812 — Thomas Ricord, democrat, elected in August. [From 1811: to 1850 no names of coroners could be ascertained ; but as this office always "went a-begging" (there was neither honor nor profit in it), it is supposed that whoever was elected fi-om term to term failed to qual- ify — and that in reality there was no coroner.] 1851 — Daniel S. Warren, democrat. 1853 — Thomas Cahill, democrat. 1855 — F. Thompson, whig. 1857 — Charles McGovern, democrat. 1859 — John West, republican. 1861 — Dr. Frederick Lloyd, republican. 1863 — Benjamin Owen, republican. 1865 — O. Startsman, republican; he failed to qualifiy, and Dr. F. Lloyd was elected in 1866 to fill the vacancy. 1867— Chas A. Vogt, democrat. 1869— R. W. Pryce, republican. 1871— B. F. Graham, democrat. 1873 — Dr. Henry Murray, republican. Re-elected in 1875-77. 1879— F. Mueller, democrat. SUCCESSIVE COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS. This office first appears in 1858, at the October election, when there were three candidates, who received votes as follows: H. W. Lathrop, republican, 1185; J. H. Boucher, democrat, 910; Wm. W. Woods, old line whig, 138. Hence: 1858 — H. W. Lathrop, republican. 1859 — R. H. Sylvester, democrat. 1861 — David J. Davis, republican. 1863— W. J. Haddock, republican. 1865 — Samuel D. Pryce, republican. 1867 — George S. Hampton, democrat. 1869 — R. L. Ganter, democrat. Mr. Ganter was the Episcopal minis- ter; he went back to New York the same month of his election, and 13 198 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. never qualified. Prof. T. S. Parvin was appointed by the county board, October, 1869, and served the entire term. 1871 — George S. Hampton, again. 1873 — Amos Hiatt, republican. 1875— J. M. Curry, democrat. Re-elected in 1877. 1879— Wilson Blain, democrat. Re-elected in 1881. REPRESENTATIVES IN LEGISLATURE. 1838 — Robert G. Roberts, whig, of Cedar county; represented Cedar, Johnson and Muscatine counties. 1839 — S. C. Hastings, democrat, and T. T. Clark, whig, both of Mus- catine, were elected to represent Muscatine and Johnson counties, as one district. 1840 — Henry Felkner, democrat, was elected to represent Johnson county alone, and Hastings was elected to represent Muscatine and John- son counties in the council, or upper house [senate]. This election of 1840 occurred in October; but thereafter it was to be held on the first Monday of August. [See legislative act of January 15, 1840,] 1841 — Henry Felkner was re-elected; and again re-elected in 1842. -^ 1843 — James P. Carleton, democrat. These elections occurred in August. 1844 — Instead of representatives to territorial legislature, this year Sam- uel H, McCrary, whig, and ex-Gov. Robert Lucas and Henry Felkner, democrats, were elected in April to a convention for framing a state con- stitution. But the constitution was rejected by a popular vote in April, 1845; and at the same time 1845— (April) Hugh D. Downey was elected representative in the ter- ritorial legislature. August 4, of this year, the proposed state constitution was voted on again, and again rejected, because the state boundary as fixed by congress was unsatisfactory. For the constitution, 7,235; against it, 7,656. 1846 — Aug. 3, 1846, another state constitution was voted on, resulting, for it, 9,492; against it, 9,036— adopted by 456 majority. Under this con- stitution an election was held on Oct. 26 for state officers and legislators. Two citizens of Johnson county were elected to state offices at this time, to-wit: Joseph T. Fales, first state auditor, and Morgan Reno, first state treasurer. [See article on "State Organization."] The new state legisla- ture met at Iowa City, Nov. 30; and on Dec. 28, Iowa was by act of con- gress admitted to the Union as a state. Hence — 1846 — Smiley H. Bonham, democrat, was elected in October, as the first representative in the state legislature from Johnson county. Re-elected in 1848. The territorial term had been for one year; the state term was for two years. 1850 — Oilman Folsom, democrat. Re-elected in 1852, (August elec- tion), to represent Johnson county; and Robert M. Hutchinson to repre- sent the district composed of Johnson, Iowa and Poweshiek counties. 1854 — Samuel H. McCrary, whig, elected as county representative; and Rolla Johnson, whig, as district representative. 1856 — Geo. D. Woodin, republican, county representative, and Thomas Inskeep district representative. During the winter of 1856-57 the legisla- ture found Johnson county having population enough to entitle her to two full representatives, instead of sharing a part of her second one with two other countiei. Hence we have — HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 199 1857 — John Clark, democrat, and James Cavanagh, democrat. 1859 — Rush Clark, republican, and Geo. T. Davis, republican. 1861 — Rush Clark re-elected; and S. H. Fairall, democrat. 1863 — Robert S. Finkbine, republican, and Warren Spurrier, republi- can. 1865 — R. S. Finkbine re-elected; and Gilbert E, DeForest, republican. 1867 — John P. Irish, democrat; and J. Y. Blackwell, democrat. 1869 — John P. Irish re-elected, having received 1,862 votes. The next highest vote, as recorded, was for A. B. Cornell, republican, 1,792; next, George Paul, democrat, 1,789; next, David Stewart, repulican, 1,784. What purports to be the vote by townships is recorded on page 259 of the "Election Book" (Penn township being omitted), but the certificates of the canvassing board for this whole election (October, 1869), were not recorded. The fact was, the board rejected the vote of Penn township for some informality, which left Cornell with a small majority, and they gave him a certificate of election ; but Stewart contested the matter before the legislature, and this body decided that the Penn township vote should have been counted ; this made a majority in the county for Stewart over Cornell; so David Stewart, republican, served that term. 1871 — John P. Irish, re-elected again; and George Paul, democrat. 1873 — George Paul, re-elected; and John Hindman, democrat. 1875 — Rush Clark, elected again; and Charles W. McCune, repub- lican. 1877 — Moses Bloom, democrat; and George Paul, elected again. 1879 — Moses Bloom re-elected; and Lewis R. Wolfe, democrat. 1881 — Edward W. Lucas, democrat (son of Robert Lucas, the first Governor of Iowa Territory); and Lewis R. Wolfe, re-elected. SENATORS. 1838 — Charles Whittlesy, whig, of Cedar county, was elected to the territorial council from Cedar, Johnson, and several other counties. 1840 — S. C. Hastings, democrat, [of Muscatine] elected to represent the district comprising Muscatine and Johnson counties in the territorial legislative council — equivalent to what is now called the State Senate. 1842 — Pleasant Harris, democrat. 1844— 1846 — Thomas Hughes, democrat, elected in October. In drawing lots for two and four year terms, Hughts got a short term. 1848 — Freeman Alger, democrat, elected for a four year term. 1852 — George D. Crosthwait, whig. In the spring of 1854 Crosthwait went to California, and his office was vacant. Hence — 1854 — Samuel Workman, democrat, was elected in August, to fill the vacancy. 1856 — Samuel J. Kirk wood, republican. Elected in November, for the term of four years, but in 1857 the new constitution was adopted, August 3, by a majority of 1,630, and went into effect September 3; it changfd the time of electmg senators to the odd years, thus cutting one year oft' tVom Kirkwood's term. But in 1859 he was elected Governor. 1859— Jesse Bowen, republican. 1863 — Ezekiel Clark, republican. ■ 1867 — Samuel H. Fairall, democrat. Re-elected in 1871. 1875— Ezekiel Clark again. 1879— Dr. John C. Shrader, republican. 200 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. THE GRAND PARLIAMENT. January T, 1861, the first county board under the new law providing for one member from each township, met, and organized by electing Andrew Graham as chairman ^r^* ieni. On ballott, Hugh D. Downey was elected to serve as chairman during the year. Lots were drawn for one year and two year terms, and the final roll of this first grand parliament of the county was as follows: Township. Member. Term. Big Grove Joseph Beuter 1 year. Hardin O. B. Barros 2 years. Scott A. Beach 2 Pleasant Valley G. E. DeForest 1 " Iowa City H. D. Downey 2 " Liberty Geo. Fessler 1 " Monroe James Fogg 2 " Graham Andrew Graham 1 " Union Phineas Harris 1 " Newport Bradford Henyon 2 " . Iowa City S. H. McCrarv 1 " Sharon Joseph P. Miller 2 Washington E. Patterson 1 " Oxford James Remley 2 " Cedar Gideon Steenberger ... 2 " Clear Creek William Wolfe 1 Jefferson Thomas Graham 2 " Madison Lewis R. Wolfe 1 " Fremont M. L. Morris 2 " Penn.- J. W. Stow 1 " TOO MANY OFFICE-HOLDERS. For some years previous to October, 1870, the county board consisted of one member from each township; but this was found to be too unwieldy, cumbersome and costly a body of men just to do a little county business. Hence, the legislature made a change, providing that the county board should consist of not less than three members; but the people of any county might by popular vote increase the number to five or seven, if they thought best. Accordingly, at the October election of 1870, in Johnson county, three county commissioners, to-wit: M. J. Morsman, L. R. Wolfe and Samuel Spurrier, were elected. But at the same time the people voted on the question, whether the number should be increased to seven, and on this the vote stood 1,164 in favor and 2,005 against the increased number of members. A cold wave of " retrenchment" had struck the county, and it was thought three men could do the work better, or at least at less cost^ than seven, and to cut down expenses was now the order of the day, everywhere. At the general election in November, 1872, another vote was taken on a proposition to increase the county board, five being the number proposed HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 201 this time, and on this question the vote stood, 2,266 in favor of increasing the number of members from three to five, and 821 votes against it. HIGHER POLITICAL HONORS. The following Johnson county men have held state or national offices: Robert Lucas — first Territorial Governor of Iowa — 1838-39-10. Joseph T. Fales — first State Auditor, elected in 1846. Morgan Reno— first State Treasurer, elected in 1816; was Territorial Auditor in 1810. James Harlan — State Superintendent of schools in 1846-7-8; United States Senator from 1855 to 1865; then resigned, and Kirk wood was elected to fill vacancy. Harlan was again Senator from 1866 to 1872. Samuel J. Kirkwood — Governor of Iowa in 1859-60-61-62. Elected again in 1875. United States Senator in 1866; again elected in 1877. Sec- retary of the Interior in President Garfield's Cabinet in 1881; resigned in April, 1882. John Pattee — State Auditor; in 1855 appointed to fill vacancy; elected in 1856 to 1859. Rush Clark — Representative in Congress in 1876; re-elected in 1878. Died in Washington City, April 28, 1879. Wm. E. Miller— Judge of Supreme Court in 1864; Chief Justice, from 1874 to 1876. T. S. Parvin— Register of State Land Office from 1857 to 1859. George Paul— State Printer, 1840 to 1849. John Teesdale— State Printer, 1857 to 1861. Wm. Pattee— State Auditor, 1850 to 1854. Martin L. Morris — State Treasurer, 1852 to 1859. SUCCESSIVE POSTMASTERS OF IOWA CITY. From the great heap of historical driftwood, which Col. Trowbridge has kept to mulch his memory with, an old yellowish brown paper was raked out, which furnished the basis of the following sketch: The post-office of Napoleon, Johnson County, Iowa, was established March 2, 1839; and the successive postmasters from that time to this have been — John Gilbert— appointed March 2,1839; Martin Van Buren, president. At this time it was the prerogative of the Postmaster General to appoint the minor postmaters. Amos Kendall was Postmaster General, and his name was signed to Gilbert's commission. It arrived here about the mid- dle or 20th of March; but Gilbert was then in a dying condition (died within a day or two afterward) and the document was never shown to him. Wm. M. Harris—appointed April 18, 1839, by Postmaster General Kendall. This appointment was an episode of the struggle between rival settlements in the county, each striving to secure the county seat — the Gilbert neighborhood standing for Napoleon, and the Harris neighbor- hood standing for Osceola. A historical Atlas of Johnson county, pub- lished in 1870, says the^frs/ post-office in the county was in Liberty town- ship, the name of the first post-office was "Osceola," and Wm. Harris was the first postmaster — three firstling errors in as man^^ lines. There was never any post-office here at all named Osceola; Napoleon was not in Liberty township; and John Gilbert zvas the first appointed postmaster 202 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. in the county — Mr. Harris the second. He was a young man — had no home of his own, but lived with his father, Pleasant Harris (generally known as "Judge Harris,") and kept the post-otiice at his father's house. This was on the west side of the river, where it bends to the eastward and so throws the southwest quarter of section twenty-three on the west side, in Liberty township. The house stood a short distance above the mouth of Old Man's creek, just where Sterling Stagg now lives (18S2). This was about fotir miles below the Napoleon town site, and on the op-posite side of the rivef\ which was a great annoyance and aggravation to the Napoleonites. But they took measures as quickly as possible to report their case at Washington. In connection with this post-office struggle there were schemes and counter-schemes, and tampering with the mails between Napoleon and Bloomington (Muscatine); but the story is too long and unimportant to be worth the space it would take to tell it in print. Suffice to say, there was soon a change of postmasters at Napo- leon, and also at the little post-office called Lucas, where the Bloomington road crossed Cedar river. Here the Napoleon mails had been " doc- tored." Samuel H. McCrory — appointed by Postmaster-General Kendall, July 4, 1839. McCrory kept the office at his house on section thirteen, Lucas township, right where his fine residence called Virginia Grove now stands, (1882;) but as soon as it was possible to get a room in Iowa City, he opened the post-office there, in the store of Charles S. Foster. Chauncy Swan — appointed by Postmaster General Kendall, Nov. 14, 1839. And at the same time the name was changed from Napoleon to Iowa City post-office. And thus Napoleon was snufled out. James M.Hawkins — appointed Sept. 2, 1841, by Frank Granger, P. M.G. Samuel C. Trowbridge — appointed Aug. 3, 1842, by Charles A. Wickliff, P. M. G. Sworn in, Sept. 20, the same day he resigned the office of sheriff. James P. Bradshaw — appointed April 27, 1849, by Jacob Collamer, P. M.G. Anson Hart — appointed Aug. 13, 1851, by President Millard Filmore. N. K. Hall was now Postmaster General, but the appointing power had by this time been vested in the President direct, instead of his postal sec- retary as before. George Paul — appointed April 6, 1853, by President Frank Pierce. James Campbell was the P. M. G. William Vogt— appointed May 10, 1854, by President Pierce. (This was Dr. Vogt, a favorite and influential man among the German people). Arthur B. Stillwell — appointed June 4, 1857, by President James Buch- anan, A. B. Brown, P. M. G. Samuel Workman — appointed April 6, 1859, by President Buchanan. Joseph E. Fales — appointed Aug. 31, 1860, by President Buchanan. Joseph Holt was now P. M. G. James R. Hartsock — appointed April 30, 1861, by President Abraham Lincoln. Montgomery Blair was Postmaster General. Mr. Hartsock was re-appointed by President Lincoln, April 11, 1805, only three days before his assassination. George W. Clark — appointed Aug. 22, 1866, by President Andrew Johnson. Alexander Randall was the P. M. G. Edward W. Lucas — appointed May 1, 1867, by President Johnson. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 203 James R. Hartsock again — appointed this time by President U. S. Grant, April 21, 1869. N. H. Brainerd — appointed by President Grant, May 17, 1872, and assumed the duties of the office on the 8th day of June. Benjamin Owen — appointed by President Grant, July 24, 1876. Jacob Ricord— appointed by President Rutherford B. Hayes, June 14, 1880, and still holds the office, Oct. 1, 1882. POST MASTERS AND POST OFFICES OF JOHNSOIJ COUNTY, OCT. 1, 1882. Name of Office. Township. Postmaster. Amish Washington Charles Yoder. Bon Accord Liberty Joseph Hirt. Chase Madison O. G. Babcock. Coralville Lucas J. H. Clark. Danforth Monroe B. Beyer. Frank Pierce Washington Elias Fry. Gregg Monroe David Simonton. Iowa City Iowa City Jacob Ricord. Lone Tree Fremont A. W. Leonard. Morfordville Pleasant Valley M. Smith. Morse Graham M. E. Freeman. North Liberty Penn Harry A. White. Oasis Graham D. E. M'Clellan. Oxford Oxford J. M. Templeman. River Junction Fremont J- D. Musser. Sharon Center Sharon G. Hertlein. Shoo Fly Fremont John Henry. Shuey ville Jefferson John W. Deen. Solon Big Grove C. G. Swafford. Tiffin Clear Creek Bryan Dennis. Windham Hardin Owen Slater. All former post-offices not named in the above list had been discontinued prior to Oct. 1, 1882. There is no post-office within the following town- ships: Lincoln, Scott, Newport, Cedar and Union. EARLY CENSUS REPORTS. Year. Population. Year. Population. 1838 237 1846 3,000. 1840 1,504 1847 3,387. 1844 2,949 1849 4,010. See the following table by townships lor census reports from 1850 to 1880: 204 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. POPULATION OF JOHNSON COUNTY AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. NoTK.— The cities and villages are printed with their proper townships, but in black type, and also their figures are in black type, and are not included it the footings at the bottom, for they were already counted in the township figures. THIS TABLE WAS PKEFARED FOK THIS WORK BY W. H. FLEMING, STATISTICIAN, OP DES MOINES, 1880 1875 1 1873 1870 1869 1867 1865 1 1863 1 1860 1 1856 1850 Big- Grove 1303 3M» 963 612 47 IJIO 317 35 876 S4 1« 834 33 7123 7123 1311 1352 1358 1263 1179 1064 986 954 908 382 939 754 827 698 1094 728 992 711 815 600 804 496 830 497 789 475 526 282 145 166 Tiffin 889 1036 965 829 697 556 560 598 Klver Junction — '"'880 ""8S3 ""loig 915 627 746 694 751 Oasis '405 374 Hardin 764 733 737 583 346 312 6371 «371 147« 130i> 303<> 1G58 862 '"'614 6454 G454 1579 1393 303« 1557 842 692 8094 5914 8683 6583 8498 6418 7106 5417 6011 4417 6547 5314 6316 1568 Iowa City ^Vard 1 . . 1350 '• a * " 3 " 4 Jefl!"er8on 789 108 568 48 588 1494 347 625 941 836 1436 5«0 702 604 55 897 1159 780 999 31 900 ""640 807 ■"'651 744 '658 642 "575 600 ""518 703 '" 558 523 ""663 382 Houth liiberty 568 2213 397 693 899 746 1009 641 2323 t t ... 726 921 716 1149 800 1034 814 1043 788 869 688 891 609 790 644 749 600 660 614 608 475 652 617 576 Monroe Newport Oxford 499 538 535 493 686 309 254 301 Penn — Pleasant Valley 694 579 '854 1196 713 809 599 566 "845 1211 756 944 676 1189 661 1129 619 817 485 556 620 608 1170 679 827 796 386 287 Scott Sharon Union 964 1120 790 933 854 1084 660 891 767 1018 530 875 733 896 493 770 664 716 410 807 694 724 31*8 649 683 352 953 195 Washingnton Frank Pierce 39S Total 25429 24654 24814 24898 23948 21641 18778 17177 17573 14457 4472 *Up to 1870 Iowa City township included what is now called Lucas township, but in 1873-75-80, it only Included the City. tPormerly a part of Pleasant Valley township. iPormerly Iowa City township. CHAPTER II.— PART 2. COURTS AND CRIMES. First District Court— First Crimir.al Case (Gregg)— First Court in Iowa City— First Natur- alizations— A Gang of Petty Thieves— A $5,000 Robbery— The Boyd-Wilkiusou Trag- edy. THE FIRST DISTRICT COURT IN THE COUNTY. The act organizing the county, approved June 22, 1838, provided for district court to be held on the second Mondays of August and Decem- ber. But a new law approved Jan. 21, 1839, changed the time to May and September. The first session of this court was held on the second HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 205 Monday of May, [May 13,] 1839, in the old "Gilbert trading house," then occupied by Wm. Dupont and his woman, Betsy Skinner, then supposed to be his lawful wife, but afterward proved not; for they were both indicted for fornication by the grand jury at the very next term of court, to-wit, on September 11, 1839. (Gilbert had died in March, only two months before this court session.) This house was not within the town limits of Napoleon, the lawful county seat, but was the nearest that any suitable building could be found for the purpose, and this contingency had been expressly provided for in the organizing act. About a hundred rods further south was "the Chase trading house;" and here was where the victuals and whisky were kept to carry on the court with. The officers of that first session of a criminal court in Johnson county were: Joseph Williams, judge of the second judicial district, and resided at Bloomington, now called Muscatine.* Samuel C. Trowbridge, sheriff. Luke Douglas was appointed clerk by the judge. Theodore S. Parvin, prosecuting attorney, (since widely known as Prof. Parvin.) THE FIRST JURORS. The court opened on Monda3\ On Tuesday the grand jury for the United States was called, and the following men answered to their names: Samuel H. McCrory, foreman (now deceased); John G. Coleman (de- ceased); David Sweet (deceased); Robert Walker (deceased); Nathaniel Fellows (deceased); John Gardner (went back to Indiana); David Sweit- zer (still lives in Liberty township); James Smith (deceased); James Doug- lass (deceased); Charles Jones (deceased); John A. Street (deceased); George W. Hawkins (deceased); John Gailor (went back to Illinois); Yale Hamilton (deceased); William Ward (moved to Oregon); Jonathan Harris (deceased); Samuel Walker (deceased). This jury found no business, and was discharged. But they were al immediately recalled as a grand jury for the Territory of Iowa. They found a "true bill" of indictment against Andrew J. Gregg, for "pass- ing counterfeit money," etc., and he was bound over to the next term of court; and it was "ordered that the prisoner be remanded to prison, or required to enter bail for his appearance at the next term with one or more Sufficient securities, each in the sum of $600." The record further says: "The following good men and true, sum- moned as petit jurors, were called, and answered to their names:" Philip Clark (still lives in Newport township); Henry Reddout (de- ceased); James Magruder (still lives in Fremont township; he served *An act of the territorial legislature, Jan. 21, 1839, made the counties of Louisa, Musca- tine, Johnson with Linn attached. Cedar wilh Jones attached, and Slaughter, [now Wash- ington], to constitute the second judicial district; and named Joseph Williams to be the district judge. Then Gov. Lucas appointed T. 8. Parvin to be prosecuting attorney for this district. 206 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. again on a jury in the same court forty-two years afterward, to-wit, in January, 1881); John 1. Burge, (deceased); Samuel Bumgardner, (de- ceased); Jesse McCart (went back to Ohio); James S. Wilkinson (deceased); Asby D. Packard (still lives in Hardin township); Peter Crum (deceased); Green Hill (deceased); Elijah Hurley (deceased); William Kelso (deceased); John Trout (moved to Missouri); I. P. Hamilton, (moved to Wisconsin); Joel Dowell (deceased); William M. Harris (moved to Linn county, Iowa); Alonzo C. Denison (moved to Kansas). No cases were tried at this term, and therefore the petit jury was per- mitted by the bailiff to " go a-fishing," as explained further on. The lawyers present, in addition to those holding some office, were: S. C. Hastings, afterwards Chief Justice of Iowa; (see foot-note to the election held at Napoleon in August, 1839); he was attorney here for the horse-thief, Gregg; Stephen Whicher, afterward U. S. District Attorney for Iowa; Ira C. Day, of Bloomington; Wm, E. Austin, who was, on motion of T. S. Parvin, " admitted, and took the oath of office as an attorney and councilor of this court." Young Austin wrote some comic verses about Judge Williams' fiddling for the prisoner, Gregg, to dance, which annoyed the judge very much. In proper time Judge Williams instructed the sheriff to conduct the jury to a suitable place of retirement for their deliberations. There was no build- ing to be had. Every place was already full and running over. He there- fore led them out on to the prairie and gave them their metes and bounds. Gilbert creek (now called Snyder creek), about a mile to the east, was to be their eastern boundary; the big marsh was the boundary on the north, the Iowa river on the west, and the Bloomington (now Muscatine) ox-road on the south, (See diagram page 207.) This was to be the jury room, and comprised more than a half section of land. Some of the grand jurors wanted to go a-fishing, but the sheriff forbade any such trifling with the dignity and solemn duties of their high office. They might play cards, or drink whisky; but to go a-fishing would never do for a "^r«w0.00 There has been raised 35 tons of hay, at $10 350.00 There has been raised 316 bushels of wheat, at 70 cents 221.20 There has been raised 290 bushels of oats, at 48 cents 139.20 224 HISTORY OF JOHNSON. COUNTY. There has been raised 200 bu. potatoes @ 40c 80.00 There has been raised 600 heads cabbage @ 5c 30.00 There has been raised various other products 40.02 Increase in horses, 1 25.00 Increase in cattle, 8 @ $7 • • 56.00 Increase in hogs, 50 @ $5 250.00 Total $3,128.78 There were at the beginning of the year 18 inmates. There have been received during the year, II. Discharged 14. Leaving now in the house, 15. There has been an average attendance of a Httle over 15^. There have three deaths occurred; the general health, considering the age, has been good. The present steward and matrons have not abated (since our last report) any in their zeal, fidehty or succefs; we would heartily recom- mend their retention in their present position, and in view of their meager allowance in comparison with their toil and grave responsibility, would recommend a further allowance for the past year's services of $100. All of which is respectfuUv submitted. Samuel Spurrier, Thos. Combe. The next day the board made the following order for an insane hospital. On motion, ordered that the committee on poor-house be instructed to either construct a new building or remodel rooms in the poor-house, as in their discretion may seem best, for the purpose of providing suitable accommodations for the insane of this county, not admissable to the insane hospital of the State, said improvement to be completed as soon as possible. complete record of county bridges. It is claimed for Johnson county that she is the best bridged county in the State. The location, kind and cost of these bridges is a matter of per- manent interest and importance to the people who use and pay for them: REPORT OF BRIDGE COMMITTEE FOR 1876. Length Location of Bridge. Cost. of span. 40 ft. Long's patent combination bridge on Burlington road in Pleasant Valley twp., including iron piling $481.05 Riprap for the same 145.20 40 ft. Long's patent combination bridge over Snyder creek on line between Scott and Lucas twps., including iron pil- ing 565.00 Crossing over branch near same 74.20 Grading approach to satne 65.00 40 ft. Long's P. C. bridge over Soufal creek, Jetlerson twp. . . 340.00 40 ft. Long's P. C. bridge over Justice creek in Monroe twp. 340.00 Stone abutments, bend quarries for No's 3 and 4 1,987.67 Riprap and approach to No's 3 and 4 219.83 Eleven Long's patent combination as follows: 36 ft. Bridge over Knapp creek, Monroe twp 44 ft. " " " Bf rry Branch, Oxford " 80 ft. " " Old Man's creek, Liberty twp HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 225 4-t ft. Bridge over Stream, Fremont twp 40 ft. " " Wapsie, Scott twp 36 ft. " " Jones creek, Graham twp 40 ft. " " Mill creek, Cedar twp 36 ft. " " Single creek, Big Grove twp 30 ft. " " Spring Run, Madison twp 36 ft. " " Near Dalton's, Lucas twp 40 ft. " " Brierton road, Hardin twp Including the foundations for seven of the foregoing. . . . 4,000.00 Stone abutments, Iowa City quarries, for Berry Branch bridge, Oxford 1,104.48 Riprap and grading approach to same 152.50 Abutments, Iowa City quarries, for Dalton bridge 371.55 Temporary crossing here 12.45 Stone abutments, bend quarries, for bridge over Spring Run 532.95 Stone culvert near Phil, Clark's, Newport twp 83.00 Bridge on Saxton road, Hardin twp 193.50 Grading approaches to new bridges 327.50 Repairing old bridges and approaches 224.90 Bridge timber, lumber and sundry minor repairs 119.97 300. Stone abutments, pier, foundations and ripraps for bridge across Iowa river, Iowa City, one-half payments as per contract 3,186.63 Wrought iron bridge company. Canton, Ohio, for Iowa river bridge, one-half as per contract 3,900.00 Total $18,427.38 By the above report it will be seen that it has been necessary to carry over deferred payments in the sum of $7,086.63, provided for in the con- tracts, and made payable in March next. Our estimates for the ensuing year are: Cash in hand $ 1,463.31 Taxes for 1876 now being collected 18,507.01 Bridge fund for 1877 $19,970.32 Deduct deferred payments to be made 7,086.63 Balance for bridges for 1877 $12,883.69 Respectfully submitted, J. A. Stephenson, J. H. Clark, Thomas Combe, Henry Sullivan, G. W. Nelson, Committee on Highways and Bridges. FRIDGE BUILDING AND EXPENSES. — 1877. Cost. 50 ft. span, on county line, Oxford, half, pile foundation $200 00 40 " " Washington, " " " 200 00 60 " Liberty township, pile foundation 480 00 36 " Scott " " " 246 00 30 « Newport " « " 220 80 226 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 36 ft. span, 30 (C 18 li 18 (i 40 il 46 (( 30 u 40 (( 30 <( 40 u 30 (< 40 11 36 (( 46 « 50 t( 36 <( 60 (( 40 (C 50 (( 25 (( 26 ii Big Grove twp., Big Grove " Cedar Lucas " Union " Union " Fremont " Pleas. Val. " iMadison " Scott Clear Ck. Penn Lincoln Monroe Monroe Clear Ck. Clear Ck. Wash'n Wash'n Oxford Oxford pile a Stone pile iron stone, N pile stone, N. B pile foundation 264 96 220 80 138 48 132 48 294 40 338 56 220 30 294 30 220 80 294 45 ISO 00 294 40 264 96 338 56 [countv line] 368 00 ... /. 216 00 441 60 294 40 368 00 264 96 294 40 B. The contracts heretofore required three piles for each foundation, giving one central support to the planking for the earth till; this was found to be insufficient; the committee, therefore, ordered two extra piles for each bridge at a cost of $165.60 STONE WORK. Abutments, Foster Creek, Lucas twp., blue stone, including riprap , $ 691 50 Abutments at Wolf's, Clear Creek, North Bend stone 705 43 Abutments at Watson's, Clear Creek, North Bend stone. . . . 782 73 Abutments at Tiffin, Clear Creek, North Bend stone 1,102 95 Iron pile, Scott township 80 00 Raising pier of Free Bridge, North Bend stone 275 00 Riprap, sundry bridges 166 00 Macadam to approach to new iron bridge 121 62 Grading approaches and ditching 517 4ii Lumber, material and repairs to old bridges 531 14 Road change, Monroe township 40 00 Committee work, expenses and supervising work 405 65 Driving piles at Oxford 20 00 Balance payment on new Canton bridge 8,256 10 The bridges built during the year are ' Long's Patent,' except the two ' strain beam ' specified Total cost of work completed 20,966 24 Total amount paid 19,607 46 Balance due 1,358 78 There are now in this county fifteen wrought iron bridges, three of which span the Iowa river, and fifty-two of Long's Patent Combination, making a total of sixty-seven first class, durable bridges, upon which in HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 227 five years past there has been expended for repairs less than $100, nor has the county lost one by defect or high water. REPORT OF BRIDGE COMMITTEE FOR 187S. — BRIDGES BUILT. Townships. Length. Foundation Washington. .40 feet pile. Hardin 30 " pile. Lucas 36 " stone. Hardin 30 " pile. Hardin 40 " pile. Fremont 60 " iron. Lincoln 46 " pile. Scott 30 " pile. Pleasant Val'y 30 " pile. Madison 36 " pile. Madison 30 " pile. Hardin 50 " pile. Hardin 36 " pile. Union 30 " pile. Monroe 30 '• -pile. Jefferson .... 36 " pile. Monroe 60 " iron. Penn 36 " stone. Clear Creek . . 30 " pile. Oxford 60 " pile. Sharon 30 " pile. Liberty 30 " pile. Union 80 " stone. Union 50 " pile. Newport 50 " pile. Clear Creek. .30 " pile. Clear Creek . . 30 " pile. Graham 50 " pile. Big Grove . . . 36 " pile. Big Grove . . .40 " pile. Big Grove ... 36 " pile. Liberty 30 " pile. Union 75 " pile. Union , . .34 " pile. Location. Cost. Deer Creek near Bender's, $320 North Fork O. M. Creek 240 Ralston Creek, near Irish's 268 Branch O. M. Creek, near Seeny's. . 240 Branch O. M. Creek, near Callagy's 320 Buck Creek, near Raynor's 484 Stream, near Heath's 368 Stream, near Hinman's 240 Stream, near Bales' 240 Stream, near Bealer's 288 Stream, near Anderson's 240 North Fork O. M. Creek, nr Healy's 400 Stream, near Flanney's 288 Stream, near Hufman's 240 Stream, near Carr's 240 McAUister Creek, near Anderson's . . 288 Knapp's Creek, near Wavera's 468 Pardieu Creek, near Zeller's "AiyS Stream, near Bond's 240 Clear Creek, near Barry's 480 Stream, near Brenneman's 240 Stream, near Gross' 240 O. M. Creek, near Welch Church. . 620 O. M. Creek, near Carson's 400 Turke V Creek, near Plashel's 40(> Stream, near McCraith's 240 Deer Creek, near Hogan's 240 Rapid Creek, near Holland's 400 Mill Creek, near Conklin's 288 Lengle Creek, near Fuhrmeister's . . 320 On line Johnson and Linn counties . . 288 Old Channel, O. M. Creek 240 O. M. Creek, at Kaufman's mill. ... 600 Old Man's Creek, near Sehorn's. . . . 288 Masonry— Abutments, Ralston creek bridge and riprap $ 686.50 Masonrj' — Abutments, O. M. creek and riprap 1,690.75 Masonry — Abutments, Pardieu creek bridge and riprap 566.26 Masonry— North Bend stone coping on R. and O. M. Creeks. 106.00 Iron — Eight iron columns, two iron pile caps, Buck creek bridge. 165.00 Iron — Eight iron columns, two iron pile caps, Knapp creek bridge 165.00 Cost of new work $14,343.51 RIPRAP, GRADING, MATERIAL AND REPAfRS. Riprap stone w^ork built in prior $ 266.00 Grading approaches to thirty-four 885.38 Lumber and other material for repairs. . .' 84.05 Repairs to Hamilton's bridge abutments 149.25 228 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Repairs to Robert's ferry bridge abutments 82.00 Temporary crossings 15.50 Removing old Buck creek bridge 12.00 Moving bridge, Monroe 25.00 Extra piling in Hardin and Union 44.20 Repairs on old bridge, Clear creek 29.75 Repairs bridge, Oxford 14.31 Sundry minor repairs ' 61.95 Committee work to bridge account 21.00 Total new work, repairs, etc $16,033.90 Balance to E. J. C. Bealer on account of 1877 22.50 Balance to Richard Long on account of 1877 1,358.78 Total for 1878 17,415.81 Less one-half cost of county line bridge to Linn county 164.00 Net expenses to bridge fund, 1878 17,251.18 At the close of 1877, there were, 'Permanent Bridges' 67 There now are, 'Permanent Bridges' 101 On stone abutments and piers 31 On iron foundation 6 On pile foundation 64 There is due Long on contract 3,003.32 Balance cash on hand 1,888.84 Amount carried .over 1,114.48 Iowa City, January 1, 1870. REPORT OF BRIDGE COMMITTEE. — 1879. To the Board of Sn-pcrvisors — Gentlemen: The committee on bridges and highways submit herewith their annual report, showing the amount of work done during the year 1879, and the cost of the same: Township. Length of span. Cost. Oxford 50 feet $375 Oxford 60 feet 450 Fremont 30 feet 675 Pleasant Valley and Lucas 40 feet 300 Pleasant Valley and Lucas , ... 30 feet 225 Washington 50 feet 375 Washington 30 feet 675 Hardin 40 feet 300 Hardin 50 feet 375 Jefferson 30 feet 450 Jefferson 36 feet 540 Monroe 30 feet 225 Monroe 40 feet 300 Big Grove 30 feet 450 Big Grove 40 feet 300 Big Grove 50 feet 375 Madison 30 feet 450 Clear Creek 30 feet 225 Penn 30 feet 205 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 229 Cedar 30 feet 450 Liberty 60 feet 450 Union 40 feet 300 Total $8,470 These bridges are Long's Patent Combination, and were built by Richard Long, of Iowa City. There were also built: One "common strain beam bridge in Pleasant Valley \a^ lift oo One common strain beam bridge in Lucas j ^ Masonry and riprap 625.80 Extra piling 28.65 Iron abutments 750.00 Grading 658.00 Repairs and painting 897.09 Expenses board charged to bridge 884.54 Total new work and repairs $ 12,433.33 Paid Long balance, 1878, account $ 2,997.32 Total expenses to bridge fund $ 15.430.65 The contracts are paid in full except a few claims included and uncalled for $ 15.91 Due from bridge fund $ 15.91 Balance cash on hand January 1, 1880 $ 1,723.30 Of the bridges built during the year, five have iron, one stone, and twenty-five wood pile foundations. Bridges at the close of 1878 101 Added in 1879 31 On stone 32 On iron 11 REPORT OF BRIDGE COMMITTEE. — 1880. To the Hon, Board of Supervisors of Johnson County — Gentlemen: The committee on highwa3'^s and bridges herewith submit their annual report of the work under their supervision for the year 1880: BRIDGES BUILT. Length of Founda- Township. span. tion. Cost. Fremont 30 feet pile $ 240.00 Lincoln 30 " " 240.00 Pleasant Valley 30 " " 480.00 Newport 16 " " 60.00 E. Lucas CO " " 240.00 Liberty 30 " " 480.00 Liberty 40 " " 320.00 15 230 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Sharon 30 feet. . . .pile 465.00 Washington 40 "...." 320.00 Union 30 " .... " 450.00 Union 70 "....iron 700.00 Clear Creek 40 " .... pile 300.00 Clear Creek 30 " .... " 225.00 Clear Creek Arch. . . .stone 989.60 Madison 30 feet pile 450.00 Monroe 30 " .... " 450.00 Jefferson 30 '^ .... " 675.00 Big Grove 36 " .... " 270.00 Big Grove 50 " .... " 375.00 Oxford 30 " .... " 225.00 Graham 30 « .... " 225.00 E.Lucas 30 "...stone 300.00 Cedar : 30 " pile 900.00 Total $9,379.60 Of the above bridges twenty-nine are Long's patent combination arch and were built by Richard Long, of Iowa City. Two are iron bridges, "Whipple type," one combination truss bridge and were built by Geo. T. Baker. One stone arch, and one common wooden bridge. Abutments $ 490.00 Repairs and extra piling 322.89 Grading 711.40 Riprap 150.50 Expenses board of supervisors charged to bridge 863.73 Total new work and repairs $11,918.12 The contracts are paid in full except a few claims included and uncalled for, as follows: Due from bridge fund $ 40.43 Balance cash on hand Jan. 1, 1881 $1,217.04 Of the bridges built during the year two have stone, one iron, and thir- ty-two wood pile foundation. Bridges at the close of the year 1879 132 Added 188^* - 34 Total No. bridges 166 On iron foundation 12 " stone " 34 " pile " 120 Respectfully submitted, Jan. 1, 1881. James B. Strong, Chairman Bridge Com. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 231 REPORT OF BRIDGE COMMITTE — 1881. To the honorable Board of Supervisors of Johnson county : Gentlemen: The committee on highways and bridges, herewith sub- mit their annual report of the work done under their supervision during the year 1881. Length of Township. spaa. Union 50 feet « 30 '• 70 « 40 Oxford 40 30 36 Lucas 30 « 30 " 20 Clear Creek 30 Scott 30 On county line between Cedar and Johnson counties 30 Graham 30 20 Newport 30 16 Lincoln 30 36 On line between Lincoln and Fremont townships 30 Fremont 30 30 On the line dividing Muscatine and Johnson counties 30 Sharon .30 Pleasant Valley 30 Washington 40 30 Hardin 30 36 Madison 60 Penn 16 Monroe 36 Jefferson 30 Liberty 30 Big Grove 36 " 18 $10,013.10 Of the above bridges, twenty-six are Long's patent combination arch, and two common wooden bridges, and were built by R. Long, of Iowa City. Fifteen are Jayne's patent combination arch, and two common wooden bridges, built" by Jno. E. Jaynes, of Iowa City. Also one com- mon wooden bridge, built by W. A. Palmer, of Solon, Iowa. )f Founda- tion. Cost. ....Pile ..$ 345.00 (C 205.50 C( 479.00 u 280.00 (( 280.00 (C 205.50 (C 246.60 (( .. 616.50 .... stone 205.50 . . . . pile 90.00 (( 411.00 (C 205.00 (( 205.50 (( 205.50 (( 105.00 (.<. 205.50 (( 95.00 e< 205.50 (( 252.00 (« 205.50 (( 205.50 (( 205.50 (( 205.50 (( 411.00 c 616.50 u 554.50 (( 205.50 u 411.00 (( 252.00 cc 411.00 be -a .5 ■a a 03 o o '^^ O 6 Mi 5i OJ c >-. t? CO ID a > 3 CB d CO t-i 00 m i~ OI 3 > . C 1" 03 3 is ^ 5=3 a; a ^ 2hco p 5. a (js ii CO - County Commissioners. Abner Walcott, ) Attest: Luke Douglass, Clerk B, C. C. Iowa City, Jan. 7, 1840. first money orders. On the first organization of the county its public business and expendi- tures was managed by a board of three county commissioners; and the following is the first money order ever issued, and the first bill ever paid by Johnson county, for the services of a county officer: No. 1. — Treasurer of the county of Johnson pay to Samuel C. Trow- bridge, forty-three dollars out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, as remuneration for services rendered at the commissioners' court, and for summoning venires of grand and pettit jurors in and for the county of Johnson. By order of the board of county commissioners, issued this 20th day of June, 1839. $43.00 " Luke Douglass, C. B. C. C. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 273 On motion of Henry Felkner, the eagle side of a ten cent piece was to be used for a county seal until further orders. By a new law known at the time as "Mason's Code," the system of county business was changed from the board of three commissioners to a judgeship, or county court, consisting of one man elected for* the purpose. This law took effect in 1851, and the first financial transaction of Johnson county, under this sj'^stem was the following: No. 1. Office of County Judge, Iowa City, Aug., IS, 1851. State of Iowa, Johnson county, ss: The treasurer of Johnson county will pay to Peter Ewing, two dollars and fifty cents out of any money in the county treasury, not otherwise appropriated. — — Given under my hand, with the seal of the said county i ^ I ) of Johnson, hereunto affixed. i ' \ F. H. Lee, County Judge. The next change in the mode of county government for Iowa was to abolish the judgeship and adopt the system of electing one supervisor from each township. This gave Johnson county a court or parliament of twenty members to transact its public business. The first money order issued by this new body was the following: No. 1. State of Iowa, Johnson County, ] Office of Clerk of the Board of Supervisors, i Feb. 2, A. D. 1861. The treasurer of Johnson county will pay to James Fogg or bearer, eleven and twenty-eight one-hundredths dollars, out of any money in the county treasury, not otherwise appropriated. By order of the board of supervisors. Witness my hand and seal of this office hereunto aflixed. H. E. Brown, Clerk. This system of coanty government proved too expensive and cumber- some; and in a few years the law was changed so as to have only three supervisors, the same as at first; but afterwards two more were added, making a board of five, and that is the law we are now working under. COUNTY finances. — 1841-42. The first published report of the county finances found in the old news- paper files, was tjie following; which is valuable to compare with the amassed bulkiness of similar reports for 1881-82: Staiement of Receipts and Expenditures for the County of fohnson^ from the 1st day of Aprils 184.1, to the jd day of May, 184.2. receipts. Received from merchants and peddlers $ 341.39 " " grocers 611.33 " fines 253.24 " " ferry and auction licenses 30.00 " '• supervisors of roads 80.79 " collector revenue for 1841 1,193.01 Total , $ 2,509.96 ^74 HISTORV OF JOHNSON COUNTY. EXPENDITURES. For county and territorial roads $ 393.87 For criminal prosecutions 412.20 For constables, bailiffs, and witnesses 39.28 For stationery, room rent, furniture, &c 207.63 For clerks of district, and commissioners' court 155.81 For sheriff " " 167.17 For expenses of elections 79.14 For wolf scalps 103.00 For support of the poor 239.59 For pay of county commissioners 243.71 For treasurer's fees and charges 94.45 For assessing the revenue 130.56 For recorder for transcribing deeds, &c 67.87 For printing 40.00 For lawyers for counsel, &c 25.00 For coroner's inquests 33.75 For R. P. Lowe, prosecuting attorney 300.00 For pay of supervisors 22.65 For outstanding orders on the 1st of April, 1841 751.31 Total $3,506.99 John Parrott, James Cavanagh, Philip Clark, Conwi/ssioners. Attest: S. B. Gardner, Clerk, VOTE FOR A COUNTY LOAN OF $15,000. On June 28, 1858, a vote was taken to decide: Whether the county shall borrow the sum of fifteen thousand dollars, at a rate of interest not exceeding ten per cent per annum, to pay indebted- ness of the county, and also to aid in the erection of the new court house and jail, and also authorizing the levy of a tax within the limits prescribed by law, upon the taxable property of said county, to pay the principal and interest of said loan in ten years from the date thereof. The following table shows the result of the vote by townships: Township. ^f^^''^ ,tsf°'t ' Loan. the Loan. Iowa City 601 13 Big Grove 44 3 Cedar 5 17 Clear Creek 17 7 Fremont 10 47 Graham 24 12 Hardin 17 4 Jefferson 29 1 Liberty 29 2 Monroe 11 36 Newport 18 10 Oxford 25 7 Penn 39 25 Pleasant Valley 1 38 Scott 23 5 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. ii75 Sharon 19 T Union 21 Washington . . 18 39 Total 951 273 Majority for loan and tax, 678. A LOST RECORD. Theology has its " Lost tribes of Israel," history has its "lost arts," and Johnson county has its "lost record " — or, more properly, hasii't got it — for the record of county board proceedings from Dec. 31, 1859, to Jan. 7, 1861, are entirely missing and cannot be found. And at the same time there is some crookedness in the matter of county treasurer's books. In 1861 Mr. J. W. Stow was appointed a special committee to investigate the matter. Meanwhile the state auditor made inquiry after the "miss- ing link" in the chain of statistics and revenues that serve to hold county and state governments in vital unity. On Sept. 3, 1861, Mr. Stow made a report, from which we extract such parts as show the main points of historic value: " Your committee asked from the present treasurer the books Mr. Hughes kept during his term of office, but was informed by Mr. Sperry that no such record existed. The only books kept by Mr. Hughes were claimed by him as private property, and removed by him upon the expir- ation of his term of service. The neglect to keep a full and accurate account of the county finances in books permanently deposited in the county treasurer's office, has made the examination and adjustment required by the auditor a matter of great difficulty, and in some respects, an impossibility. The following is what your committee gathered from the examination, and the abstract now annexed is the same in substance as that sent to the state auditor as the best that could now be furnished: Thomas Hughes, treasurer of Johnson county, Iowa, in account with the State of Iowa on state revenue: DEBTOR. To cash received from Gardner (probably nothing). " lew of 1855 state tax $ 4,408.40 " " ■' " 1856 " " 6,285.85 " " " 1857 " " 11,669.19 " " " 1858 " " 8,281.73 « " " 1859 " " 7,255.63 " Additional assessments in 1855-56-57-58-59 95.13 " Interest received during term " Amount received from peddlers' licences " " " " sale of laws " " of state revenues from other sources {IVote. — There is no possible way of knowing anything respecting these last items except through Mr. Hughes, no records of such receipts being kept in the office. Your committee applied to Mr. Hughes for these items, but he stated that he could not furnish them. Your commit- 276 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. tee knows of no way in which the amount properly chargeable to Hughes from these sources can be known.) CREDIT. By unavailable taxes of 1855 $ 105.01 « " " « 1856 176.62 Delinquent taxes of ] 857 838.47 " " 1858 1,939.92 " " 1859 6,663.81 Treasurer's receipts for payments made Auditor's mileage certificates Refunded for erroneous assessment Cash paid to successor As before stated, the foregoing has been forwarded to the auditor of state as the best statement practicable. A. J. Hershire [now editor of the State Press\^ was county treasurer from 1869 to 1873; and auditor from 1875 to 1879. He took pains while in office to gather up and preserve in proper order all the loose papers and records of county business that he could find. He found such papers tucked away in pigeon-holes and on shelves without any classification or labels; also found a Jot that had been thrown into the wood-box and lain there for months or years as waste paper, but which, on examination con- tained matters quite important to the public records, and that had not been copied or preserved anywhere. But he could never find any clue to that "lost record" of the county business transacted during the year 1860. For many years the county business was done in such chance rooms as could be hired for the different officers. There were no vaults or safe storage provided for the books. The offices were occasionally moved; and there were several changes made in the laws governing county offices — such as changing from three commissioners to the one county judge sys- tem, and then changing back again; also, combining the duties of treas- urer and recorder, up to 1864, and then separating them; and combining the duties of county judge and auditor from 1851 till 1869, when the com- missioner or supervisor svstem was restored, and the separate office of auditor established. It is, therefore, not surprising that confusion worse confounded should have crept into some parts of this humpty-dumpty sort of management, and also of the official records pertaining to it. The loss of the county business records of 1860 was probably purely accidental, though from gross neglect or carelessness, for there was nothing in them from which an^^one could gain pecuniar}'^ benefit by their destruction. But the case of the missing treasury records of course was different. And in addition to the above cases, the entire record of county tax sales, from the beginning up to 1860-61, was feloniously purloined from the court house, and has never been recovered. One supposition is that it was taken and destroyed by irate parties whose property had been sold for taxes, and they thought thus to prevent consummation of tax title. Another supposition is that some one or more snide lawyers did it, because HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 277 its loss would make oceans of tax-title litigation, whereby they might profit. As to which is which, we can only say, in the language of the reliable colored gentleman, "you pays your money ^and you takes your choice." FINANCIAL TROUBLES IN 1861. On June 6, 1861, the following report was made by the committee on finance : Your committee were instructed to determine and report the amount and condition of the county indebtedness, both of a funded and floating character, and recommend such measures as they may deem expedient for its gradual liquidation. In the discharge of this duty, they find that the outstanding warrants upon the county treasury, on the first day of June, 1861, amount to the sum of $16,354 36 Judgment of McKee vs. County, 2,413 85 " W. Penn Clarke vs. County 600 00 $19,368 21 There is besides this an unadjusted indebtedness of the count}^, which your committee cannot now report — a part of which indebtedness will be audited by the board at its present session. The funded debt of the county consists of bonds issued to the M. & M. R. R. Co., $ 50,000 00 To the Lyons I. C. R. R., 50,000 00 Bonds for court house buildings, 15,000 00 Making the entire liabilities of the county amount to the serious sum of $134,368 21 The assets of the county consist of swamp lands unsold 925 00 Amount due from the United States for swamp lands sold 30,775 00 [Note. — These figures are derived from the state- ment of the county judge, submitted to the board at its last regular session.] Delinquent county taxes to 1st inst., estimated, 10,000 00 $41,700 00 Excess of liabilities over available assets, $92,668 21 The railroad stock held by the county, as well as the real estate belong- ing to the county, are not included in this estimate, being evidently una- vailable for the purposes of this exhibit. How this board is to provide for the gradual extinction of this ponder- ous indebtedness, a:nd at the same time reduce the present high rate of taxation, is a question difficult of solution. The accruing interest of this debt, together with the heavy annual expenses of the county, are of them- selves serious demands upon the county revenue. This will be more apparent, when it is seen that the assessed value of the taxable property of the county for this year, is only $4,626,251.00, which will, if subjected to the highest rate of taxation allowable by law for county purposes, only 18 278 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTV. vield a revenue of $18,500.00 per annum. Just what proportion of this revenue will be absorbed by the ordinary expenses of the county, your committee cannot now determine, havinj^ no reliable data upon which to base an estimate, which would be approximately reliable. The following abstract derived from the books of the county judge, will serve to show something bearing upon that point, but will, we trust, be no index to the future wants of the county. From the 15th of September, 1859, to the 1st of January, 1861, a period of 15^ months, there was expended from the county treasury For grand and petit jury fees, $ 5,(>89 83 " witness fees, 630 30 " Attorneys' fees 808 35 " costs in criminal suits, 625 55 " sheriff's and deputy's fees, 1,487 35 " expense of keeping prisoners, 1,329 25 Total judicial expenses, 10,520 63 During the same period there was paid For support of paupers 5,833 57 " salaries of county officers 6,074 23 " stationer}', printing, etc, 2,938 15 " court house purposes, building, repairs, etc., 5,269 87 " establishment of roads, 1,098 72 " expenses of election, 481 21 " • " " county assessment, 758 65 " miscellaneous purposes, 2,834 05 Total expenditures, $35,809 08 While your committee are of the opinion that it will be quite practicable to reduce the expenditures of the county very greatly below the sum above stated, they cannot hide from themselves the fact that under the most economical administration, the expenses of the county must be of necessity very heavy, nor can they perceive how these expenses are to be provided for, and any reduction of the county indebtedness effected, except by retaining the highest rate of taxation permitted by law. Certain it is that as long as the county warrants are current only at a discount of 15 to 20 per cent., your committee do not feel at Hberty to rec- ommend any reduction in the rate of taxation. Yet, while forced to this unpleasant conclusion, your committee deem it due to the public that a full explanation of the difficulties, which forbid such a reduction should be given. In view of these facts, your committee recommend the levy of four mills on the dollar for county purposes; and, in this connection, would express the belief that the continuance of this rate, coupled with the most rigid economy in the administration of our financial affairs, will tend to the creation of a sinking fund for the gradual extinction of the floating indebt- edness of the county. In the meantime, the tax ridden citizens of Johnson count}^ must endeavor to console themselves with the reflection that while continuing to bear this heavy load of taxation, they are gradually escap- ing from a no less onerous burden of debt. The only sources to which the committee can direct the attention of the board, as affording any hope of relief from the funded indebtedness of the HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 279 county, are the delinquent taxes and the swamp land fund already alluded to. The estimated value of these assets is $J:1,700.00, and to these sources the committee would invite the attention of the board. With respect to the delinquent taxes, your committee would say that, althouf^h the apparent amount of these is much greater than is herein reported, the committee for various reasons do not dare to estimate them worth more than the sum named by them. The committee deem it espe- cially important that some action should be taken for the adjustment and recovery of the swamp land fund supposed to be due from the govern- ment. That this will be a work of some difficulty, your committee do not doubt. The tedious details necessary for the proper presentation of the claim to the department at Washing-ton, require exact knowledge and the utmost care in preparation, or vexatious delays and perhaps final loss may be the result. As your committee are aware that proposals for the recov- ery of this fund will be made to the board, they abstain from any specific recommendations. The total delinquent taxes of the year 1860, amount to the sum of ^22,- 893.82. This large delinquency is doubtless due to the monetary difficul- ties which afflict us in common with the whole west. Your committee fear that the collection of this delinquency will be a matter of great diffi- culty, and that the usual resort of tax sales will not be available for this purpose. The experience of former years also teaches us that unless extra efforts are made, much of the personal tax of the county will be lost. In view of these facts, and that also by a resolution of this board, a special deputy of the treasurer was charged with the duty of collecting the delin- quent taxes of the years 1857-8-9, and that in the discharge of this duty, such deputy will be compelled to visit every portion of the county, your committee are of the opinion that this affords a good opportunity for the collection of such dehnquent personal tax, without increased expense to the county. They therefore recommend the adoption of the following- resolution : 32. Resolved^ That the county treasurer be and hereby is requested to cause to be prepared a list of all delinquent personal taxes of the levy of 1860, and that the special deputy provided by this board for the collection of the delinquent taxes of 1857-8-9, be charged with the duty of collecting the same under the supervision of the county treasurer. Adopted. In addition to the lev}^ for county purposes, your committee would recommend the levying of a general fund school tax of one mill, a railroad tax of one mill, and township school tax as requested by the various town- ships in the communications herewith submitted. M. L. Morris, S. H. McCrory, J. W. Stow, Committee. June 6, 1863, the committee on delinquent taxes reported: Your committee in presenting this report would suggest that some method ought to be adopted by which the tax books may be kept in a more intelligible manner. Your committee confess that in their opinion a is not in the power of any man or number of men to make out a strictly correct list of the delinquent taxes of Johnson county. 280 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. REPORT OF WARRANTS OUTSTANDING AND CASH BALANCE IN TREASURY JUNE 5, 1864. ORDINARY WARRANTS. Outstanding $ 601.95 Claims audited and not paid 680.73 Balance 3,247.87 By cash in treasury $4,530.65 RELIEF FUND WARRANTS. Outstanding $5,000.00 Cash in treasury 82.40 Balance outstanding $4,717.60 BOUNTY WARRANTS OF 1862. Cash in treasury $2,115.52 Outstanding 2,000.00 Balance cash in treasury $ ] 15.52 Bounty warrants of 1864 outstanding $ 165.01 Free bridge warrants outstanding $ 239.80 Warrants issued from Jan. 1, 1864, to June 1, 1864 $5,598.31 CASH BALANCES IN THE TREASURY. State revenue $1,070.70 County revenue 4,530.65 Temporar}^ school fund 577.48 Railroad fund 98.28 Township road fund 2,291.16 Permanent school fund 7,687.02 Poor house fund 15.28 County road fund 58.98 Interest on bond fund 341.02 McKee judgment 23.10 War fund 23.08 Federal revenue fund 456.74 Lyons railroad fund 18.36 Free bridge fund 8.19 Bounty fund 2,115.52 Relief fund 282.40 Insane hospital fund 249.22 Dictionary fund ." 44.00 Temporary school fund interest on notes 1,028.17 Judgment fund 442.16 Contingent school fund 182.48 Teachers' fund 707.70 District fund 480.51 Total $22,743.28 REPORT OF RELIEF AGENT. To the Board of Suf)crvisors of yohnson county, loxva: Since your meeting of January, I have disbursed eight thousand, sixty- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 281 one dollars and twenty-seven cents to 243 families, in all about 1,000 per- sons, an average of $33.17 to the family, an increase of about $13 to the family. Amount received from county treasurer $8,000.00 Amount on hand Jan. 4, 1864 176.96 Cash disbursed on orders $7,630.00 Discount on orders 270.00 Services at 2 per cent 161 .27 Balance on hand 115.69 Total $8,176.96 $8,176.96 I would recommend as the better policy, the issue of bonds for the pur- pose of replenishing of the fund, as the discount on the relief warrants is 4-| per cent., which, with the 6 per cent, interest, amounts to 10^ per cent., and money can now be had on county bonds at 8 per cent, thus saving 2| per cent, to the fund. Respectfully submitted, G. Fesler, Agent. Jan. 1, 1867, the county clerk, John C. Culbertson, makes a financial statement, showing an excess of liabilities over assets amounting to $2,275.81. June 7, 1867, a special committee consisting of A. H, Humphrey, John Dillatush and A. D. Packard, reported that they had found on the recor- der's books, mortgages, judgments, etc., which had escaped assessment, amounting in all to $90,712. And the board proceeded to assess them according to law. FINANCIAL AND OTHER STATISTICS FOR 1881. The following statements have been compiled from the State Auditor's last biennial report, submitted to the Governor, Nov. 15, 1881. Statement of the balances on the books at State auditor's office due from Johnson county on account of the different funds, on the 30th day of September, 1881: Insane Hospital, county dues, $1,796.76; Orphans' Home, county dues, $325; total $2,121.76. Statement of the amount of the several State funds in the hands of the ■Johnson county treasurer on the 1st day of October, 1881, as reported by said county treasurer: State revenue, $2,126.59; War and defense bond tax, $1,049.39; total $3,175.98. Statement showing the amount of State and local taxes in Johnson county for the year 1880, as returned to the auditor of State by the county auditor, in compliance with section 844 of the Code of 1873: State tax two mills, $14,735.12; county tax, $24,698.31; Insane Hospital tax, $1,842.16; Bridge tax, $24,735.12; County school tax, $7,367.56; District school tax, $43,557.86; Road tax, $3,788.26; Special tax, $11,356.85; Judgment and bond tax, $239.90; Corporation tax, $23,746.32; total, $146,- 066.90. Statment showing the nnmber of cattle, horses, mules, sheep and swine assessed and the value thereof in Johnson county, for the year 1881 : 282 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Number of cattle 29,229; value :|J306,S43. Number of horses 11,265 value $300,566. Number of mules 780 ; value $27,682. Number of sheep 9,578; value $10,315. Number of swine 50,450; value $104,603. Statement showing the number of acres of land assessed, the average value per acre, and the aggregate valuation, after deducting the exemp- tions (on account of fruit and forest trees planted), and after equalization; also the aggregate value of town property, railroad property, and of per- sonal property, and total valuation of taxable property, and exemptions, in Johnson county for the year 1881: Number of acres of land 389,891; reported value per acre $10.91; equalized value per acre $10.91; reported value of lands i|>4,25 1,825; reported value of town lots $1,360,085; personal property, value $1,497,025; railroad property, value $482,814; total value $7,591,749. Statement of the apportionment of the interest of the permanent school fund made by the Auditor of State on the fifth day of September, A. D. 1881, as provided by sections 66, 1582, 1844, 1881, 1882 and 1884, Code of 1873, on the basis of twenty cents for each youth in the county: Number of youth, 8,441; interest due as per section 1882, code of 1873, $1,104.17; total interest to be apportioned, $1,104.17; amount of interest apportioned, $2,073.20. Statement showing the county and district agricultural societies entitled to State aid under section 1112, of the code of 1873, also total receipts of said societies, receipts for membership only, and the amount paid each society for the year 1880: Total receipts, $2,481.10; receipts for mem- bership, $107; amount of State aid, $107. Statement of resources and Habilities Johnson County Savings Bank doing business under the laws of the State, up to, and including Septem, ber 30, 1881, made to the Auditor of State, as required by chapter 9, title XI, of the code of 1873: Resources. — Loans and discounts, $285,730.29; other stocks, bonds, etc., $13,011.67; overdrafts, $20,028.77; real estate, $40,893.82; other instru- ments, $5,149.87; due from banks, $18,718.20; expenses, $2,391.19; specie, $9,793.55; legal tender, national bank notes, silver and subsidiary coin, $20,701.05; cash items, $4,418.39; total resources, $420,836.80. Liabilities. — Capital stock, $125,000; unpaid dividends, $4,480; undivided profits, $3,890.56; liabilities of officers and directors, $15,504; total habili- ties, $420,836.80. Statement showing the number of miles of railroad, the assessed value- and the aggregate assessed value, in Johnson county, January 1, 1881, as assessed by the executive council, March 3, 1881: Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern, number of miles, 16.05; assessed value per mile, $5,000; aggregate asssessed value, $80,250; Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern, Iowa City division, number of miles, 19.59; assessed value per mile, $2,000; aggregate assessed value, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 283 $39,180. Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern, Muscatine division, number of miles, 7.06; assessed value per mile, $2,500; aggregate assessed value, $17,650. Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, number of miles, 27.16; assessed value per mile, $12,600; aggregate assessed value, $342,216. Statement showing the assessed value per mile and the aggregate assessed value in Johnson county of sleeping-cars not owned by the rail- roads, January 1, 1881, as provided in chapter 114, acts of the Seventeenth General Assembly: Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern, number of miles, 16.05; assessed value per mile, $50.00; aggregate assessed value, $802.50, Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, number of miles, 27.16; assessed value per mile, $100.00; aggregate assessed value, $2,716.00. The State Auditor's table of the outstanding indebtedness of the several counties shows that Johnson county has no debt; and forty other coun- ties of our State, are in the same happy condition of debtless blessedness. COUNTY FINANCES. — 1881-82. It would take a "picked nine" of Philadelphia lawyers to unravel all the riddles in the county records, and make a complete exhibit of the county finances for all the years. Of some years the records are well kept and very complete, while of other years they are poorly kept, blind, unex- plainable; and some records which should be in the court house are entirely missing, as shown from official authorit}', elsewhere in this work. But the last report oi the county auditor, made January 2, 1882, and covering the fiscal year 1881 — together with the treasurer's reports of January and June, 1882, will show the present state of the county funds. The auditor'^ report is very full and well itemized, as also are the reports for several years back. The general summary of this last report shows what kind of expenses the county has constantly to meet, and the total amount of each kind for that year, 1881: COUNTY auditor's REPORT FOR 1881. Balance on hand January 1, 1881 $ 18,385.31 Received from all sources 177,085.91 Total $195,471.22 Paid for all purposes $182,226.52 Balance on hand January 1, 1882 13,244.80 Total $195,471.22 SUBDIVISION A. Paid on account of county $ 26,353.89 Paid on account of poor 10,452.04 Paid on account of State 11,658.53 Paid on account of schools 53,276.09 284 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Paid on account of school loans 4,750.00 Paid on account of insane 4,018.63 Paid on account of bridges 15,727.75 Paid on account of township roads 3,713.28 Paid on account of city taxes 21,057.42 Paid on account of W. & D. bonds 3,596.87 Paid on account of Solon side-walk 10,12 Paid on account of Orphans' home 516.62 Paid on account of school interest 2,813.68 Paid on account of refundings 50.63 Paid on account of Fremont drain 77.82 Paid on account of railroad taxes 24,153.11 Total $182,226.52 SUBDIVISION B. Court expenses $ 9,523.18 Township officers 3,129.90 County officers 4,272.39 Board of Supervisors 1,482.78 Janitor 400.00 Livery 145.20 Wolf bounty 176.00 Taxes Poweshiek county, 31.07 DeHnquent tax list 364.00 Gas bills 125.00 Printing, blank books, stationery 2,964.73 Fuel 245.62 Publishing proceedings, etc 1,251.92 Repairs court house 635.00 Miscellaneous items, stone, etc 1,607.20 Total $ 26,353.89 SUBDIVISION C. Gross expenses of poor farm $ 4,067.62 Township trustees for care of poor 83.50 Board of tramps and transportation 374.51 County physician and other ph3"sicians 433.70 Support of poor not in poor house 4,642.82 Muscatine, Scott and Blackhawk counties for the sup- port of poor 535.94 Digging graves, and coffins for pauper 170.03 Sundry minor bills 143.92 Total $ 10,452.04 SUBDIVISION D. District and circuit court jurors $ 2,860.00 Grand jurors 651.80 Reporters 478.00 Bailiffs 874.00 Prosecuting attorney 155.00 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 285 Board of prisoners 1,660.00 -board of jurors ' 72 70 Grand jury witnesses 339 10 Fees in criminal cases 1 789!52 Sheriff's fees, salary, conveying prisoners 365.94 Jail expenses 109 81 Attorneys appointed by court 74^00 Sundry expenses, stationery, etc 93!31 'T^tal $ 9,523.18 RECAPITULATION. Drawn on county fund $ 26,353.89 Drawn on poor fund 20 452.04 Drawn on insane hospital fund 4'oi8.'63 Drawn for orphans' home fund ] '516^66 ^^^^^ $ 41,341.22 COUNTY treasurer's REPORT OF 1881.— RECAPITULATION. Balance on hand January 1, 1882: l^t^^- • $ 721.19 School gg^ g2 Insane hospital '/' 1,513.'69 Bridge J77 2Q J^^^chers 2,463.59 ocnool house 281 50 Contingent... V^'.V^'.\^\\\'.'.\\\\\\ Qu'.Oh Township road g^ggg ochool fund interest 285 33 Permanent school ' ' " " 9 579 qo J^i'sti^^te " y. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ' 64^50 Cemetery 2>^M Iowa City & Western Railway 1^ per cent. . ' 19 81 Vi'^f^^^y; 1^9.'39 U nclaimed fees 70 90 • War and defense bonds 2023 Younkin judgment 36^44 Muscatine Western Railway .'...'........' 9 '54 Board of Health 10 88 City general " V.V. '.'.'.* V.V.V..' ." .' .' ." SmIiS i-ity bond interest 91 85 City sinking *...!.'!.....*.' 47151 City sidewalk " ' ' ' 2059 gou"ty '. .'.'.'.".*.'.'.$' 2,089.08 Poor ••••••..... 2,480.44 1 otal cash on hand I3 244.70 $17,814.22 $17,814.22 286 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. COUNTY treasurer's REPORT. — RECAPITULATION. Balance on hand June 1, 1882: County fund $ 2,157.56 State fund 2,005.29 School fund 1,151.20 Insane hospital fund 380.75 Bridge fund 10,593.39 Teachers' fund 3,827.65 School house fund 367.68 Contingent fund 1,108.80 Township road fund 447.52 School fund interest 243.26 Permanent school fund 8,389.00 Institute fund 64.50 Cemetery fund .35 Iowa City & Western Railway, 3 per cent fund 20.75 Iowa City & Western Railway 1^ per cent fund 33.15 Drainage fund 129.39 Unclaimed fees fund 70.90 War and defense bonds fund 1.68 Muscatine Western Railway fund 9.54 Board of health fund 32.58 City general fund 150.90 City bond interest fund 67.90 Citv sinking fund 33.55 City poll fund 8.09 Poor fund $ 94.02 Refunded 117.34 Cash 31,083.21 Jp31,294.57 $31,294,57 The officers making the above report were A. Medowell, auditor, and C. M. Reno, treasurer, in 1881, and Hugh McGovern, treasurer in 1882. TAX LEVY FOR 1882. The following action of the county board, on September 8, 1882, serves to show in part, the present financial condition and tax requirements: Resolved^ That the auditor certify the tax list to the county treasurer, as provided by law: For State revenue, two and one-half mills on each dollar valuation, and a poll tax of fifty cents. For county fund, three mills on each dollar valuation. For poor fund, one mill on each dollar valuation . For school fund, one mill on each dollar valuation. For insane hospital, one-half mill on each dollar valuation. For bridge fund, two mills on each dollar valuation. And it is further ordered, that for Iowa City corporate purposes there be levied as certified to this board by the city council of Iowa City as fol- lows, to-wit: For general fund, ten mills on each dollar valuation. Bond interest fund, three and one-half mills on each dollar valuation. For sinking fund, two mills on each dollar valuation. For macadam fund, one mill on each dollar valuation. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 287 Also the several funds assessed by said city council upon certain lots and parcels of g^round for sidewalks and repairs, together with the several delinquent poll taxes, and also a special tax for zuater zvorks of three mills on each dollar valuation of certain lots and parcels of ground, etc. [Des- criptions here omitted.] The following was adopted the next day, September 9: Resolved, That the chairman of the board of supervisors be, and he is hereb}^ authorized to borrow $3,000 for six months, for the use of the county. The railroads do something toward paying the cost of running the county. They pay taxes for State and county purposes, as follows in Johnson county, in 1882: f Graham twp $692.03 I Scott 136.50 B. C. R. & N. -{ Lucas 168.90 ! Iowa City 805.44 [Liberty 192.00 Total $1,994.87 f Scott twp $1,442.47 I Iowa City 1,517.03 1 Lucas 632.93 C. R. I. & P. J Coralville 565.53 I Clear Creek 1,832.15 I Oxford twp 1,608.63 [Oxford Village 553.81 Total $8,152.56 Making a total paid by these roads $10,147.43, not including school taxes. In the agricultural division of Chapter V., Part 2, in this volume, will be found sundry tables of real estate and personal property valuations? and the equalized value per acre, by townships. The total valuation in 1882 was as follows: Realty, $5,563,686; personal, $2,093,318; railroad, $490,839. Total, $8,147,843. 288 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. CHAPTER IV.— PART 1. Mound-Builders — Ancient Mounds — Indians — Etc., — in Johnson County. MOUND-BUILDERS AND INDIANS. Every place has a pre-historic history; and so has Johnson county. Relics of the ancient, pre-historic Mound-builder race of America are found in this county. The reader will naturally want to know who and what were these mysterious people. This is just what scientists have been trying to find out for fifty years past; and we can only say, " they are gaining on it^ An eminent scientist, Prof. John S. Newberry of Ohio, delivered a lecture last winter (1881-82) before the Academy of Science of New York, on the ancient civilization of America; and he speaks thus of the Mound-builder peoples: When the savages were pressed back by advancing civilization between the lakes and the Mexican gulf, it was discovered that they were not autochthonous, for mounds, caves, palaces and remains of cities showed the existence of a race that lived in the highest style of civilization. Inves- tigation and research by historians, geologists and archaeologists have brought to light much concerning these wonderful people. They can be divided in two classes which, with local differences, are generally the same. One is the mound-builders, who dwelt in the fertile valley of the Missis- sippi, following a sedentary and peaceful life. Mounds built by them and instruments and pottery and copper ornaments made by them, have been discovered all through the Mississippi valley. They were miners, far- mers, raised tobacco, and remains of their oil wells still exist at Titusville, Pa. In numbers they probably equaled the inhabitants of the region at present and enough is known of their osteology to say they were of medium size, fair proportions, with a cranial development not unlike our red Indian. Their teeth were large and strong.* They buried their dead with great ceremony. When and why, and how the mound-builder disappeared we do not know. Their ultimate fate was probablv entire extinction. The second class of these early Americans was the palace- builders of the table-land, a class that was spread from Chili, on the south, to Utah, on the north, reaching their greatest degree of power and civiliza- tion in Central America, Mexico and Peru. The Incas and Montezumas were types of this race, and though when swept from the earth by the brutality of Pizarro and Cortez, their glory was already in its decadence, we can scarcely conceive of the extent of their magnificence. This Mexi- can and Peruvian era far surpassed anything in our day in the construc- tion of public works, roads, aqueducts, palaces and cities. The macadam- ized road that led from Callao to Lima exceeded in cost the Union Pacific railroad; and if all the forts within our borders were put into one, it would not equal the fortified structure that is yet to be seen on the Peruvian coast. Louis Hoffman, an engineer who was with Maximilian, has described the ruins of a large seaport town on the Pacific coast of Mexico. The Central American country abounds in evidences of the Aztec race, and last winter many archaeologists went thither, and from their labors we *See a Johnson county specimen of jaw and teeth, at M. W. Davis' drug store, in Iowa City. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 289 shall soon learn more of "this wondrous people. Their origin is lost in antiquity. They may have come from the seed borne across the sea by Phoenician traders— perhaps they sprang from the fabled race of Atlantis. They were either indigenous or imported in an embryotic state from the oriental archipelago — the latter the most likely. Such is a brief summing up of facts regarding the human races that occupied this land prior to our modern Indian tribes. Of these latter we have history enough; but the former are properly pre-historic. ANCIENT MOUNDS. The pre-historic remains of an ancient race that once inhabited Johnson county in considerable numbers are fast passing away. Many mounds which were plainly visible when white men first came here are now entirely obliterated by being plowed down in cultivated fields or dug open by relic hunters, and in other ways; and fifty years hence there will scarcely be a mound left to prove that such evidences of a former race ever existed. From M. W. Davis, the druggist, and Col. S. C. Trow- bridge, we gather the following points: There were mounds and evidences of an ancient town near Solon, in Big Grove township. On section thirty-three in Liberty township there were about fifty mounds visible some twenty years ago, with trees a foot and a half to two feet in diameter growing on top of them. On section three in Lucas township there were perhaps twenty mounds, some of which are still visible [August, 1882,] while others of them have disappeared. They are on land belonging to Lewis Englert's vineyard. There are a considerable number of mounds on sections three and four in Lucas township, on land owned by Wm. Burger. In Newport township, on section 27, there is a large group or neigh- borhood of mounds, probably fifty or more in number, and all situated on knolls or ridges, from which there is drainage every way. In 1863 and '64 Mr. Davis and others opened several of these mounds. They all con- tained human bones, arranged in such ways as to show that the body had been buried either in a sitting posture or lying down, but bent in the same way as for sitting; all had their faces toward the west; and all the skele- tons were found to have been covered with wood ashes from an inch to an inch and a half deep before the earth which formed the mound had been piled upon them. In one they found a male skeleton which had a prodigiously large and powerful lower jaw, with a comparatively small cranium; these and some of the leg bones of the same individual Mr. Davis still has, preserved in his collection. They also found a child's skeleton, and with it a small jug or bottle. This was of a grayish-black colored earthenware, with a round body about three inches in diameter; on one side were some rude markings, as if a ring with two cross-lines and some dots had been drawn with a fine-pointed stick when the clay was 290 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. soft, and then straij^ht marks made from the rincr outward in one direction, and this is supposed to have been designed to represent the sun. The top of the vessel was narrowed to a neck, then a head fashioned on it which has some -possible resemblance to a turtle's beak, and on one side a pout- lipped openinjT or spout; this was the only inlet or outlet to the vessel, the terminal hole being- about the size of a man's finger. The vessel would hold about half a pint. Dr. B. H. Aylworth made a plaster cast of this rare relic, but Mr. Davis still has the original in his collection. Every mother who has lost a dear child can picture to herself the prob- able stor}' of this ancient earthen bottle, and realize with what sorrowful and teder care the pre-historic mother fashioned it with her own hands and placed it in her child's burial place, containing a suppl}' of food or drink for its journev to the spiritual sun-land beyond the western sky. The specimen is one of rare interest to the archaeologist, as well as to the student of ethnologv and esthetic evolution in sentiment and art. INDIAN TOWNS IN JOHNSON COUNTY. When the first white settlers came to Johnson county there were three Indian villages within its bounds, all belonging to remnant bands of the once powerful Sac and Fox tribe. Poweshiek had a village right where David B. Cox, Esq., now resides, in Pleasant Valle}* township; and his sub-chief named Wapashashiek had a village about a mile further up the river. Another chief named Totokonock had a village in what is now Fremont township, near where Chas. Fernstrom now resides (1SS2). These were the Musquaka branch of the Sac and Fox tribe. Totokonock was Black Hawk's prophet, and prophesied success for him in the historic escapade known as "the Black Hawk war," although Keokuk at the same time prophesied failure. Poweshiek also refused to join in Black Hawk's war scheme. [The position of the Poweshiek and Wapashashiek villages ma}- be seen on the diagram on page 207.] THE OLD "fort." In the winter of 1837-38 there was a big scare both among the Indians and their few white neighbors, lest the hostile and warlike Sioux Indians should make a war visit down here to fight their ancient enemies of the Sac and Fox tribe. So the Indians got some of the white men to build them a "fort." Some persons who were knowing to the case have always claimed that the whole business of the "scare" and building the "fort" was a trick of some white men to find employment, in which they succeeded admirably. They took the contract to build the "fort" for the Indians, receiving a few ponies at the time as first payment, and taking the balance out of their government annuities when that was paid to the Indians. These men worked all winter cutting logs and splitting them, hauHng them up and setting them endwise deep in the ground so as to make a sort of stockade inclosure. For this job they got $3,000 out of the HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 291 cfovernment annuities due the Indians. And we are assured that this is all there ever was to the so-called old "Indian fort." The Sioux didn't come, and our Indians made a feast of gratitude and sacrificed three dogs in token of their thankfulness to the Great Spirit for being saved from their enemies. These Indians cultivated corn, beans, squashes, pumpkins and melons, all the work of cultivation being done by the women, on spots of light, sandy soil that could be easily worked with their rude hand-hoes. Hence, of course, they did not " plow deep." The women scraped green corn (partly boiled) off from the cobs with a clam-shell and dried it for winter use. Then when they boiled a dog or a muskrat and sprinkled a little of this dried corn into the soup, it made a very palatable and nourishing mess for those who could stomach it. The women wove bark into sacks and baskets to preserve their dried corn and beans and dried meat in, so they could hang it up beyond the reach of the dogs. They also had a way of building a sort of outside cellar b}' digging a hole in a dry place, making an arch of strong slabs of bark, then piling dead leaves, bark and earth on top. And inside of this they could keep ripe corn and other provisions in strong baskets. In the spring of 1839 Poweshiek moved up to the Dupont settlement in or on the west line of what is now Monroe township, and planted corn there. But man}' of his people were sick that fall and winter w^ith ague, and some died. Wapashashiek had moved about the same time to their new agency and trading-post five miles below Marengo; and the follow- ing year Poweshiek's people went there also. The new treaty which required these Indians all to move out of Johnson county had made them all subject to Keokuk as their head chief. ' This Totokonock refused to submit to, regarding it as a special indignity to himself and Black Hawk. Some of his band therefore went and joined the Poweshiek and Wapashashiek villages, while Totokonock himself and his personal adherents distributed themselves and went north and joined the Winnebago tribe. In 1843 our ex-Johnson county Indians were all moved to Fort Des Moines, where a company of U. S. troops was stationed to guard the frontier; and on this occasion a party of Iowa City people went up to Marengo to see the Indians start. This party consisted of Hugh D. Downey, Dr. Metcalf and his niece. Miss Higgins, two Mrs. Robinsons (one of them now Mrs. Banberry), S. C. Trowbridge and Micajah T. Williams, who was then a visitor here from the east, but now (1882) resides at Oskaloosa. In 181:5 and '16 most of the Sac and Fox Indians were removed to their reservation in Kansas; but a small remnant of them, or their half-breed descendants, still live in Tama count}' (1882), and have become civilized people. 292 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. THE JOHNSON COUNTY CHIEFS. Poweshiek was originally one of the minor civil chiefs of the Sac and Fox nation, who inherited their rank by birthright, but could not become war chiefs except by distinguished bravery and success in battle. He is supposed to have been born while his tribe or nation was settled along the banks of the Rock river, Illinois, and probably about the years 1Y87 to 1790, for he was reckoned to be of about the same age as Wapello, who was born at Prairie du Chien in 1787. When his tribe moved west of the Mississippi after the treaty of 1832, known in history as "the Black Hawk purchase," Poweshiek located on the Iowa river, and still remained here when most of the tribe went further southwest onto the Des Moines river; and Poweshiek's people received the name of the Musquaka band. If they had thrived and prospered, and grown powerful, they would have become in a few years an entirely new tribe or nation — for such is the law of evolution, and that is the way nations arise; but instead of that they dwindled away and became extinct, just as many of the mightiest nations of old times have done. The origin of this name, "Mus- quaka," is not entirely known; we find that the island opposite Muscatine was formerly occupied by these Indians, who called it Mus-qua-keen, and from this the name of Muscatine City originated and also tne nickname of Poweshiek's band. Poweshiek was one of the chiefs who visited Wash- ington and other eastern cities in 1837, others being Keokuk, Black Hawk, Wapello, Appanoose, and over thirty other chiefs and braves, accompanied by Col. Geo. Davenport, of the Rock Island trading-post. In May, 1838, Gen. Joseph M. Street organized a party to explore the new purchase, and was accompanied by a band of thirty Musquaka braves under the command of Poweshiek. When Col. S. C. Trowbridge first came to Johnson county, in 1837, Poweshiek's village stood where 'Squire Cox's residence is now standing in Pleasant Valley township, and Trowbridge became quite an intimate friend of the old chief. He says Poweshiek was a large, fat, lazy man, weighing about 250 pounds,''and fond of whisky; often drunk. He had a strong sense of justice, and was brave, true to his word and faithful to a friend; his word was sacred; and any gift from a friend was kept with a sasred reverence bordering on superstition. He was rather slow to be aroused, but when fairly aroused to action, showed a great deal of energy and force of character, combined with a fair degree of executive talent and judicial faculty. His word was law in the two villages. He was, on the whole, rather a noble specimen of the American red man. Wapashashiek was a sub-chief under Poweshiek and was strictly just and honest like his head chief, and had the added virtue of being sober; saw the ruin which whisky was working among his people, and sturdily shunned it. He was a tall, thin, spare man ; had far less executive talent and weight of character than Poweshiek; he managed his own vil- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 293 lage very well, but all important matters were reported to the head chief. His age and birth-place are not known. KisHKEKOSH was a war chief or leader who had won his rank by such deeds of blood as his nation delighted to honor, just as civilized nations give military rank to successful warriors who may not have been born of the ruling class. He was tall, straight, active, wiry; an expert in every athletic exercise engaged in by the men of his tribe, such as running, leaping, dancing, paddling a canoe, climbing, riding a pony, throwing the tomahawk, etc. By this means he won great repute and influence, espe- cially among the younger portion of his people. But he was also a fluent and eloquent speaker in his native tongue, and a man of sober habits. His age was about ten years younger than Poweshiek, from whom he differed in every respect, both of physical and mental quality. He possessed in full measure the natural cunning, shrewdness and trickery which belonged as a race characteristic to the Indian tribes. He had no sense of honor, at least not as toward white men ; would lie, steal, cheat, betray, murder, without scruple. He was feared, hated and distrusted by all the whites; in fact it was believed that he committed several murders of white men, although it could not be proven. Kishkekosh was a " bad Injin." ToTOKONOK — pronounced To-to-ko-nok — was a minor civil chief, who had his village opposite the mouth of the English river, in Fremont town- ship. Little is known of him, beyond the fact that he sympatized with Black Hawk in his war against the whites, and prophesied success for him. And finall\% rather than submit to Keokuk's rule, as required by the treaty of 1838, he left his native tribe and went to the Winnebagoes. He seems to have got along very peaceably with his white neighbors in Johnson county. Sketches of the more prominent Indian chiefs who lived in other parts of Iowa will be found in the fore part of this volume, under the head of "Iowa Indians." NEWHALL's " SKETCHES." Accounts and descriptions of Indian life and character are always fascinat- ing, especially to the younger class of readers who have heard of, but never seen a genuine wild Indian. Newhall's "Sketches of Iowa," which was the first book ever printed as an Iowa historical work, contained a pretty fair account of the very class of Indians who had inhabited John- son county. And from this work we make some extracts which will fur- ther illustrate the sort of life led by our redskin predecessors in this county: The Sacs and Foxes have been among the most powerful and warlike tribes in the northwest. History finds them fighting their way from the shores of the northern lakes gradually toward the Mississippi, sometimes warring with the Winnebagoes, and at other times with the Chippewas, often instigated by the French. At an early period they inhabited the region of country bordering on Wisconsin river, and planted large quan- 19 294 Hl-iTORV OF JOHNSON COUNTY. titles of corn . The whole history' of their wars and migrations shows them to have been a restless and spirited people — a people erratic in their pursuits, havinor a great contempt for agriculture and a predominant pas- sion for war. By these ruling traits they have been constantly changing, suffering and diminishing. Still they retain their ancient chivalry, ever ready for war, regardless of the superiority of their foes. Their number, of late years, has been somewhat augmented by the policy they have pur- sued of adopting their prisoners of war and receiving seceders from other tribes, and at the present time they number about seven thousand souls. Their villages are principally located upon the river Des Moines. The have, however, one large village situated upon the banks of the Iowa, a few miles from the United States boundary line. This is called Powe- shiek's village, it being the residence of "Poweshiek," a Fox chief. His village is large, containing many lodges and from seventeen hundred to two thousand souls. Sometimes, midway between two villages, or perhaps off in the prairie, ma}^ be seen a hundred young ' warriors ' from each, " picked men," who have won laurels on the battle field. They have met (per agreement) to exercise their feats in the race or ancient games; the prize being, perhaps, two or three horses, a rifle, or a war-club; the old warriors and chiefs of each village looking on as judges. Often these feats of rivalry at the games take place. A challenge from one village is sent to the next. Great interest is manifested on these occasions, and the same ambitious emulation for rivalry is exhibited in these 'children of nature' as among those who play their part beneath gilded domes of the city; and I doubt not the young Sac warrior wears his laurels as proudly as ever did the gladiators of ancient Rome. " The Sacs and Foxes speak the Algonquin language. This language is still spoken by the Chippevvas, Pottawatamies, Ottawas, and several other tribes. It is soft and musical in comparison with the harsh guttural Narcoutah of the Sioux, which is peculiar to themselves, having but little affinitv to the Algonquin tongue. Their ideas of futurity are somewhat vague and indefinite. They believe in the existence of a supreme Manitou, or Good Spirit, and a Malcha Manitou or Evil Spirit. They often invoked the favor of the good Manitou for success in war and the hunt, by various sacrifices and offerings. Storm and thunder they view as manifestations of his wrath; and success in war, the hunt, or in deliverance from enemies, of his favor and love. Everything of great power or efficacy, or that is inexplicable, is a 'great medicine;' and the medicine men and prophets are next in consideration to the chiefs. At the decease of their friends, they paint their faces black, and the time of mourning is governed by the affinity of the kindred. Their ideas of the condition of the departed spirits, and the ceremony of burial, may be deemed interesting. Often, in perambulating their deserted villages, has my attention been arrested in gazing through the bleached and mutilated slabs, made to protect the dust of a noted chief or 'brave,' who is frequently placed in a sitting pos- ture, his gun and his war-club placed by his side, moccasins upon his feet, his blanket (or remnants thereof) wrapped around his bod}^, his beads and wampum suspended to his neck, where he sits 'like a warrior taking his rest,' in his silent sleep of death. The Sacs and Foxes frequently visit the towns on the river — Burling- ton, Madison, &c. The dress of the males generally consists of leggins, sitting closely from the loins to the ankles, usually of smoke-tanned deer- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 205 skin, and often of blue, and sometimes of red cloth, trimmed with fringe and beads in a variety of fantastic forms. They wear a white, and fre- quently a scarlet-colored blanket, thrown loosely over the shoulders. Their moccasins are of deerskin, often trimmed with extreme taste with beads and porcupine quills. Their headdress is of various fashions, and frequently indescribable. A chief or warrior's headdress consists of a pro- fusion of scarlet-colored hair and long black beards of the wild turkey, connected to the scalp-lock, and, not unfrequently, a silver band, or a richly-beaded turban. Their ears are strung with rings and trinkets, their arms with bracelets of brass, tin, silver, and steel, and their necks are often strung with a profusion of wampum. A tolerably correct idea may be formed of the riches and caste of a young Indian by the number of strings of wampum around his neck. This may be considered as their "lawful tender," as no treaty was ever formed, or pipe of friendship smoked, between different Indian tribes, without an exchange of wampum. The Sacs and Foxes have various dances, and they evince a remarka- ble fondness in exhibiting themselves. They have the war-dance, the council-dance, the feast-dance, the dog-dance, and the beggars' dance. The people in the large towns of Iowa have learned what the beggars' dance is, long since. Man}' of the dances and festivities at their villages, as did the dances of olden time, have a religious character. Previous to going to war, and particularly on their return, laden with the trophies of victory and the scalps of their enemies, their dances and revelry are kept up for several days in succession. They have a grand dog-feast; dogs are held in much reverence by them, and on the occasion of a feast, a por- tion is always consecrated as "medicine." Having visited their villages in June last, I was astonished to observe several dogs recently killed, and suspended to different trees; upon inquir}-, I was informed that they had ^ "dog-feast" on the occasion of their leaving their country to fight the Sioux. For every dog they eat, another was suspended to a tree as a pro- pitiation or sacrifice for some mysterious charm or luck. Upon going to war, their medicine bags are carefully worn about their persons, and bet- ter had the Sac warrior be without his gun or his bow, facing his enemy, than that any mishap should deprive him of the magic potency of his medi- cine bag. No Indians exult more than the Sacs and Foxes in a triumphant skirmish with their enemies, and none more proudly exhibit their bloody trophies. They frequentl}^ have several scalps suspended on a spear, or connected with their dress. As an evidence of the value they set upon these emblems of merciless victor}', I will relate an incident of my attempt to get one of a veteran Sac brave. While writing these pages, I had wit- nessed him several days passing my window on a little pony, proudly wav- ing his bouquet of scalps, connected with beads, ribbons, and eagles' feath- ers, and tied with a rattlesnake skin upon a spear. Having a desire to obtain one, and after three days' unsuccessful egoLiation, ofiering him money, calico, beads, powder, and tobacco, he declined selling it for one box, (i. e., 1,000 dollars.) They place great reliance in dreams; and the intrepid warrior who awakes in the morning from a night of troublesome dreams, is dejected and melancholy. Sometimes they imagine that an evil spirit or sorcerer has inflicted a spell, after the manner of the witches of former times. I think it was last year that Keokuk had an aged squaw killed because she had bewitched or inflicted a spell upon some of his children. As a nation, the Sacs and Foxes are a noble looking race. They are 296 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. generally erect, of fine forms, with few, if any instances of decrepitude and deformity. The feeble infants scarcely survive the threshold of exist- ence. Hence, as Volney says, 'Nature cries to them, be strong, or die.' In their walks and marches across the country, one is generally behind the other, m what is termed Indian file; hence, the frequent 'Indian trails ' that stretch across our wide prairies, which are sure to lead the traveler to a good ford, or the site of a lormer village. The Indian character is full of interest; and although much has been said and written, still a wide and ample field remains of interesting research and speculation. Some have maintained that the savage state is the only natural state of man, and in no other state can he be happy. Such were the felicitous dreams of Rousseau and Chateaubriand. Vol- ney's description has less of the ideal, and more of the acute and discrim- inating observation. Mr. Flint, and many modern writers, speak of them as a gloomy, unjovous race, with little or no susceptibility to the common impulses or affections of life. That they do not so readily sympathize with external objects, I admit; but that the deep emotions of the inner man will often break forth, not only in fiendish passion, but in the elastic gaiety of joyous revelr\', I have often witnessed, particular!}' in the pastimes and the sports of their villages, the outbreakings of unrestrained mirth in the dance, the race, and the games, showing conclusively, feelings susceptible of joyous excitement. Certain it is, the Indian in his intercourse with the whites assumes an afiected reserve, generally musing, frequentl}^ stern and unsocial. He will not talk English, (even if he understands it,) and if his admiration is excited by the innovations of the whites, his pride conceals the emotion. There are some exceptions to this taciturn mood, particularly on seeing a steamboat, which excites great wonder, and m their opinion a great 'medicine man' must have been the projector. The Sacs and Foxes call a steamboat scoticheman, i. e., fire-canoe. But with all their bravery and exposure to death in a thousand forms, I have often been amused to see their courage falter from the 'sticking point,' and the scene has been most ludicrous— young Indians, and old veteran warriors, and all, scamper for dear life when one of our Mississippi boats is in the act of 'letting oft' steam;' the hissing noise appearing to strike more terror than the savage yell of a thousand conquering foes. It is amusing to observe that, widely as the savage character difters from the civilized, their ideas of brave and great assimilate nearly with our own. In meeting a party of Indians crossing our prairies, or at their villages, their first salution in accosting the traveler is " How-de-do? Me big cap-a-tain." They are all "big cap-a tains," or would fain make you think so. Bravery and daring command the first place in their homage; and their whole training, from the dawn of their existence to the latest hour of their life, inculcates this principle. But their military prowess consists in fiendish revenge and blood-thirst}'- cruelty, and the laurels most triumphantly crown him who dexterously wields the tomahawk and scalping-knife. Capt. F. M. Irish wrote some -reminiscences of the early days in John- son county, for the magazine called Annals of Iowa, which was pub- lished quarterly by the State Historical Society for a number of years. Capt. Irish's sketches appeared in 186S; and of our Johnson county Indians he said: Up to this time (^1837) the red man had held undisputed possession of HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 297 this beautiful region. A number of Indian towns were located upon the Iowa river, within what are now the limits of the county; the largest of them was about two miles below Iowa City on the Clark farm, now owned by Jas. McCallester, and contained about one thousand of the Musquaka or Fox Indians, governed by Poweshiek, an Indian of fair abil- ity and rather amiable disposition for a savage. The county of Powe- shiek was named after him. The war chief of this tribe was Kish-ke- kosh, of whom nothing very favorable can be said. These natives were generally well-disposed towards their white neighbors, and save when under the influence of whisky seldom gave any trouble. Their grave- yards were near their towns, and they evinced great solicitude for the remains of their dead. Thirty years ago [from 1868] bands of Indians might be seen every year leaving these towns upon their annual hunt, armed, their ponies laden with mats for tenting, and followed by squads of squaws, whose duty was to drive the beasts, pitch the tents and cook the food when their lords had luck in the chase. And again at anotlier season parties could be seen starting out, their ponies laden with deer and elk skins, moccasins and ornamental work prepared in the manner peculiar to these people, bound to some trading-post to exxhange their commodities for food, trinkets and money. And yet again another party, consisting of squaws and children, the latter slung in baskets on either side of the pony, while the mother is perched on his back, each spring took its way by well-worn trail to their corn patches, where with heavy iron hoes they prepared the ground for planting corn and beans. Upon those three resources, the chase, trade and a rude agriculture, the Indian depended for his subsistence. And yet with all his exertions he frequently found himself destitute, although he thought he availed himself of every advantage the country was capable of presenting. In Hon. Henry Felkner's contribution to this history, in another place, will be found a graphic account of "An Indian Battle," and some other reminiscences of our Johnson county Indian folk. BRYAN DENNIs' SCARE. Bryan Dennis relates that when he first came to this county he went to Miller's ferry, at the old Napoleon town-site, and wanted to get across that night, it being then near dusk. The ferry keepers lived on the west side, but had a tin horn hung up on the east side of the river for people to blow when they wanted the ferry. He blowed lustily with the horn, but couldn't make the ferryman hear, for there was a stifl'wind blowing from the west which blew the sound all in the opposite direction. After trying in vain a long time he concluded to lie there in the bushes on the river feank all night, and try the ferry -horn again in the morning. Shortly after dark he heard strange noises and saw a great light only a few rods away, and on getting up where he could see more plainly he beheld a group of "bloody In-ji-ins," performing as he supposed their frighful scalp dance, getting ready to pounce down there and lift his hair. He felt the cold chills run over him and each particular hair began to stand out straight, for he knew little about Indians except the current stories about their 29S HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. tomahawk and scalping-knife bloodthirstiness. However, he hid himself in the brush; they did not find him, and the next day he got across the river and reached his destination with a whole skin. Without doubt the Indians looked hideous and frightful enough in their wild and frantic gesticulations as seen by the lurid light of a circle of fire; and it is no wonder that the young man, a total stranger and totally alone, falling upon such an unexpected scene should have' been considerably frightened. O, you needn't laugh! Yoti'd have been scared, too! But the real fact was, the Indians had moved away long before this; and a band of them now happening to be out on some trip up or down the river, had stopped at the site of their former village (Wapashashiek's town) to per- form their grotesque funeral dance around the graves of their dead rela- tives left behind when they were compelled to move further west, in the spring of 1888. Their performance that night was the wail and howl of graveyard lamentation and frantic invocation of the spirits of their ances- tors, instead of the demoniac revelrv of scalps. INDIAN JUSTICE. Col. Trowbridge relates the following incident illustrating Poweshiek's strong sense of justice and strong rule over his village: One summer a horse had strayed or been stolen from a remote neigh- borhood. The owner follows his trail into the neighborhood of Indian villages, calls upon the settlers in the vicinity of the villages, but can get no further clue to it. He suspects that it is in possession of the Indians. Calls upon Poweshiek early in the morning, and through an interpreter states his case. The chief knows nothing of it, but will investigate it. Inimcdiatcly he issues an order, which is spread with great rapidity, that no man or person shall leave the village ViV\i\i further ordered. Not a soul dared to, or did go. The owner describes his beast; is sent through the camp with an escort, in search of it; finds and points it out very readily. The Indian owner is examined — i. e., the avowed owner — but can give no satisfactory explanation of his ownership. The horse is passed over to the white man, and the Indian made to pay him liberally for his trouble and expense in hunting him, which is assessed upon his annuity from the government. The owner is thereupon dismissed satisfied, and the thief is now taken in hand by the chief and punished for his dishonesty. WHITE hawk's band. Mr. Jacob Ricord, postmaster of Iowa City, furnishes the following interesting sketch of early incidents on Old Man's Creek. The place spoken of would have been about three miles west of the present county line, over in the border of Iowa county. The Ricord brothers were Edward, Elisha and Jacob — all at that time green young men. This was early in 1840. The first settlers on Old Man's creek, where it crossed the western boun- dary of what was then called the " New purchase," found residing on the land a band of Fox Indians They were the band of the chiefs named White Hawk and Cocohic. They called on the Ricord boys in all the HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 299 pomp of paint and feathers and acrimoniously informed them that they knew their band was still living on the white man's land, but that all the game there belonged to them anyway, and they wanted to stay there until the next spring, so they could take their game from there; but that they, " the Ricords," might have all the deer they could shoot themselves, for they did not think the Ricords were " much old hunters''' White Hawk informed them that they were not the first white men who had come to live on Old Man's creek, and said, as near as they could understand, that on a time, about the fall of 1836, Cocohic's young men had found a white man on the prairie of Old Man's creek, and he was sick, nearly destitute of clothing, and entirely unable to proceed on his journey. White Hawk was informed about it, and he went out with his men and brought the white man to his camp, and gave him shelter, food and cloth- ing. He was sick and unable to leave the Indian camp until the middle of winter. He remained until spring, and one day White Hawk said: M}^ white brother has a cloud on his brow. I am going down to a new trading house, built by some white man on the bank of Iowa river, and you may go along and ride one of my ponies. The ofler was eagerl}^ accepted, and the Indians left him at the trading-house. In the summer of 1843 there came to the Ricord house a white man inquiring for White Hawk's band of Indians. His name was Jeremiah Hawkins, and he was the man whom White Hawk had treated so kindl}^ On being asked by what misfortune he came on the prairie, his informa- tion was given in a few words: He said that he and two other men had been up on the Missouri river trapping, and while coming down the river on a raft constructed to carry the three men and their traps, they encoun- tered a storm which broke the raft, but they reached shore before it went to pieces, and they saved one gun and some ammunition. Hawkins had a pocket compass, and thus equipped, they attempted to cross the territory to the Mississippi, for they knew there were white settlements there. Everything went well until they encountered the prairie fires. Hawkins kept his course eastward, and there arose a disagreement about the course they were taking. First, the man with the gun left, then the second man lagged behind, and Hawkins never saw him again. He said, when the Indians found him, he was " entirely done for," and that he could not have been treated more kindly at his father's house than he was by the Indians, and he was going to see White Hawk and pay him for his kindness, and stay two or three weeks with him, before the Indians left for the west. 300 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. CHAPTER IV.— PART 2. SUNDEY FIRST THINGS. The First Trading House— First Settlers-First Babies— First Weddiug— First Deaths- First Doctors — First 4th of July — First Hotel and Other Buildings in Iowa City — First Mill Dams. THE OLD TRADING HOUSES. The first trading house within the bounds of Johnson county stood on the northeast quarter of section 10, in Pleasant Valley township, on the bank of the Iowa river, just below the mouth of Snyder creek, [originally called Gilbert creek], on land now owned by James Stevens. This trad- ing post was established by the American Fur Company about 1830, or before the Black Hawk war; and John Gilbert was their agent in charge. The buildings consisted of the storehouse proper, and sundry outside cribs for storage of produce, surplus goods, etc.; and a stockade enclosure for protection of the stock from wolves and other depredators by night. As recently as 1880, Mr. Stevens filled up the old cellar of this first trading house, and evidences of it were still visible this year, 1882, although it is now all plowed over and into crop. A little way south of this, or at the lower border of the field, is a raised ring of earth, very much like the ring that remains after a circus has been in town. This old ring was used by the Indians in performing their sacred fire-dance. They would build a lively fire all around the outer edge of the ring, then the chosen ones would jump through the flames into the ring, and there perform the dance, with all the accompaniments of gesture and song that formed their uncouth worship and sacred mysteries. Trading House No. 2. — In 1837, "Mr. Gilbert had got so well acquainted with the Indians, and was on such friendly terms with them, that he thought he could do better for himself to trade on his own hook than to play second fiddle any longer, as merely a clerk or agent for the Fur Company. So he selected a place on what is now the southeast quarter of the southwest quarter of section 35, township 79, range 6, and engaged S. C. Trowbridge and Henry Felkner to build him a trading house there. These men cut and dressed the logs and got Wm. Duvall and Thomas Bradley, with their oxen to haul them up to the place, and they erected the house — two 20x20 log cabins, with an interspace of twenty feet between them, which was also roofed over. This was in 1837, and here Gilbert wen to trading, but died soon after — and it was in this house that the first district court was held. The house stood in what is now [1882] 'Squire David B. Cox's corn-field, just across the road east from his house — his residence, barn, stock-yards, orchard, etc., being on the very ground where Poweshiek's Indian village stood at the time this new trading house was built. [See diagram on page 207. J Tradinsr House No. ?. — When Gilbert resigned his agency for the HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 301 American Fur Compan}- they immediately sent on another man, named Chase, to look after their business. And, as Gilbert had established him- self close up to Poweshiek's town, with Wapashashiek's town only about a mile further up the river, Chase thoue^ht he must get close enough to watch Gilbert and try to secure at least a part of the trade. So he selected a site less than half a mile south of Gilbert's, built a trading house there, and moved the Fur Company's business up to it. This was famil- iarly called "Chase's trading house," because Chase was the trader, although the Fur Company built, owned and operated it. It stood on the north- east quarter of the northwest quarter of section 2, township 78, range 6, which is in now Pleasant Valley township, while the Gilbert site is in Lucas township; and it also was composed of two twenty-foot cabins, with a twenty -foot interspace. This served as a tavern when Judge WiUiams held the first term of district court ever held in Johnson county — and it was here that the Judge played the fiddle for Hhe said ■prisoner''^ Gregg, to dance a jig, an incident which the Judge has been a little ashamed of ever since, while "the old boys" who were there have always thought it too good a joke not to tell. Some writers of Johnson county history have talked about the " Phelps trading house," as if there had been another one by that name. But that happens in this way: A man named Sumner Phelps, brother-in-law to Wheten Chase, was a member of the " American Fur Company," so-called* and spent most of his time in going around from one trading post to another to see how the local agents were doing; what goods they were in need of> etc. Mr. Phelps came to Chase's at regular times on his round of posts, and so some folks called it " Phelps' trading house;" but Chase was there all the time; was the responsible agent in charge; he didn't own the house; neither did Phel-ps, except as one of a company. Chase did the trading there, and it was commonly called and known by the name of Chase's or the Chase trading house. Their furs, peltries, etc., were mostly sent down the rivei' in canoes, flat- boats, or keel-boats, to the great fur-trading house of Chouteau, Laclede & Co., at St.Louis. Goods suitable for the Indian and frontier trade were returned by keel-boats, which would be towed by some steamboat as far up the Mississippi as the mouth of the Iowa river, then be poled and tow-lined by men, up to the trading houses. WHO CAME FIRST? The first " settlers" in Johnson county came from Elkhart county, Indiana. In the fall of 1836 Philip Clark, Eli Myers and S. C. Trowbridge, all young men, started from Elkhart county on horseback, going " out west " to grow up with the country. At South Bend, Trowbridge fell sick and finally had to go back home for the .winter. Clark and Myers pushed on. They traveled on horseback through Illinois to Rock Island (then Stephenson's landing), where they met with Mr. John Gilbert, 302 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. who, learning that they sought a location, told them that he was an Indian trader from the Iowa river, and that if they would accom- pany him he would show them a country that had all the advantages they could desire. They accepted his invitation, and found Mr. Gilhert's trad- ing house located in what is now Pleasant Valley township. Mr. Myer's claim, made at that time, now constitutes the farm bearing his name, while that of Mr. Clark is now known as the Morford or Birge farm. The next step of these pioneers was to erect a " claim cabin." This means that they laid four sticks up cabinwise, making an enclosure large enough to sleep inside of; and drove a few sticks in the ground to szuear by that they had " staked their claim." This, remember, was late in the year 1836 Mr. Gilbert promised to protect their claims until the next spring, so they, went back to Elkhart and reported progress. Their glowing accounts of the splendid new country started an "Iowa fever " in their localit}-, audit spread wide. Myers and Clark both returned in the early spring of 1837, with their teams and plows, and accompanied by neighbors, did some breaking, and " chopped in " sod corn, potatoes, squashes and pumpkins, that is, chopped a gash thiough the sod with an ax and dropped the seed in there. That was the way mostly of planting the first crop — though of course some- times it would be dropped down between the sod; but here the birds and gophers were more apt to find it. The order of earliest arrivals in 1837 was as follows: Early in Mav — Eli Myers, Philip Clark, Samuel Waller, James Walker, Wm. Wilson and Eli Summy. Later in same month came Henry Felkner, S. C. Trowbridge, Pleasant Harris and his nephew, Wm. Massey, the latter having his wife along, who was sister to the Judge's daughter-in-law, Mrs. Jonathan Harris, and likewise to the Hamilton brothers, all of whom came later. Trowbridge had started from Elkhart about the same time the rest did. He and three other young men, George Bumgardner, David Darr and Peter Core}', had rigged up a two-horse spring wagon with roll up curtains, to frisk around and see the country. They entered Iowa at Burlington, and then visited Mount Pleasant, which was a village, and also drove through Van Buren, Jefferson, Louisa and Washington coun- ties, before coming to Johnson. Three members of this company dropped out at different places, and Trowbridge only came to Johnson count}^; however, Bumgardner came later, and died here. yune — During this month the arrivals were: Wm. Sturgis, George W. Hawkins, whose wife horned the first white baby in the county — a girl; Jacob Earhart, whose wife horned the first white boy baby in the county — but it was the second birth; John and Heniy Earhart; John A. Cain, brother-in-law to the Earharts, and whose wife, their sister, bore the fourth child born in the county — a daughter — (or possibly the third, as the HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 303 exact day could not be ascertained, but it was near about the same time that Pleasant Harris' son Loren was born); and S. B. Mulholland. yuly — No new arrivals are reported in this month except Wm. Devall and Thomas Bradley. Devall staid several years, but Bradley left the same fall, going farther west. August — ^Judge Harris had gone back east, but returned this month with his wife and family, and was also accompanied this time b}' his son Jonathan Harris, wife and child, and his son-in-law, Isaac N. Lesh and wife. Joseph Walker, brother to the two Walkers, who came in May, arrived during this month. Samuel Bumgardner, one of Trowbridge's traveling companions, also came; and likewise Andrew D. Stephen. Later in the season there came John Trout, E. Hilton, and a man named Schrick, scattering along. The latter lived with the Walker brothers; he soon took sick and died — and is supposed to have been the first white man who died in Johnson county. The foregoing comprises all who came to the county in 1837. Samuel H. McCrory has been published as arriv- ing in August of this year, but he did not come until March, 1838. • FIRST WHITE CHILD BORN IN THE COUNTY. In nearly every county it happens that there are different claimants to this distinction, and differences of opinion about jt among old settlers. This historian once had five different names presented to him as the first child born in a certain township, the reports being made by seven differ- ent persons; on two of the children two agreed, while on three of them no two agreed. This occurred in Montgomery county, Iowa. In the same county, nine different weddings were reported as the "'first wedding" in Walnut township. We mention these facts to show how difficult it is to get accurate information as to names, dates, etc., merely from old peo- ple's recollection, and how much patient, persevering and candid inquiry must be made before it is safe to write down in history anything positive or definite upon these disputed matters. We have found six children claimed by different old people to have been the first white child born in Johnson county. After five months of diligent inquir}^ the following appear to be the most reliable facts that can be gathered on this subject: ''First Baby,'' No. /.—In 1836-37 an Indian chief named Totokonock, who was prophet to the great war chief Black Hawk, had a village of .5(>0 or GOO Indians, near where Charles Fernstrom now lives, in Fremont township. Near this place George W. Hawkins had settled early in July, 1837; and in the latter part of August of that 3'ear Mrs. Hawkins gave birth to a daughter. This child was afterward known as Lucinda Hawkins. She always claimed to have been the first white child born in the county, and once tried to have the Old Settlers' Associa- tion formally endorse her claim to this distinction; but the old people were not agreed upon it, and so nothing was done. 304 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. '■'■First Bahy^'' No. 2. — At the same time that George Haw- kins came to the county, also came John A. Cain, the three Earhart brothers — John, Henry and Jacob— Wm. Sturgis, and S. B. Mulholland. They arrived at the trading-house on the 30th or 31st day of June, and from there went out to take their pick of land, stake oft" claims, build cab- ins, etc. Jacob Earhart, with Nancy, his wife, settled on what is now section 22 in Liberty township; and here, on Sept. 3, 1837, Mrs. Earhart gave birth to a son, who was afterward known as Lewis Earhart. Henry Earhart was then a young man, and remembers that he was sent to get Mrs. Judge Harris to come and be with his sister-in-law dunng her confine- ment, as there was no doctor in the county yet, but Mrs. Harris was so heavy with child herself that she could not go. He then went to Jona- than Harris' house, and found Mrs. Jonathan Harris \jice Sybil Hamilton] and Mrs. Wm. Massey \iicc Betsy Ann Hamilton] there, who both went at once to Mrs. Earhart's; but the baby was born before they arrived. Jacob Earhart, the father of this child, went to Cahfornia during the "gold fever" of 1849-50-51-52, and died at Sacramento in 1852 or '53. Shortly after his father's death this boy, Lewis Earhart, went to Indi- ana to live with relatives there — and that is why so little has been known about him as the first white boy baby born in Johnson county. '■'■First Baby''' No. j. — In May, 1837, Pleasant Harris came and made a claim, which is still known as the Harris farm, in Liberty township. He went back east for his famil}^ and returned in August, accompanied by his wife, Hannah, and younger children, and also by his son Jonathan Harris and Sybil Hamilton, his wife; and his son-in-law, Isaac N. Lesh and wife. Jonathan Harris took a claim adjoining his father's, but after- ward sold it; and it is now [1882] known as the Switzer farm, in Liberty township. Mrs. Jonathan Harris was a sister to James and Hezekiah Hamilton, now (1882) of Clear Creek township, The two Harris families and the Lesh family having arrived in August, lived awhile in their wagons, until cabins could be prepared for them. And on the 27th day of September, (a little over three weeks after Mrs. Earhart's baby was born,) Mrs. Judge Harris gave birth to a son. There happened to be a doctor named Purinton then at the trading house, so he was called to attend her, and was taken across the river in a canoe. The son born at this time to Judge Pleasant Harris and his wife, Hannah, has since been known as Loren W. Harris, and is supposed to reside near Frank Pierce post oflSce, in Washington township. ''First Bahy^' No. ^.— Early in 1837, John Gilbert, the old trader, emploved Jonas M. Higley to survey and lay out a town site opposite the mouth of English river — just about where the town of River Junction now lies, in Fremont township. This was in fact the first town site laid out in Jolinson county, and was called See-pee-nah-mo. John A. Cain settled here in July, 1837, his wife being a sister to the three Earhart boys; HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 305 and in the latter part of September, Mrs. Cain gave birth to a daughter, Elizabeth ; but as the family had long since moved away, the exact date of this birth could not be ascertained; and whether it was a day or two before or after the birth of Mrs. Judge Harris' baby, remains unsettled. The four foregoing "first babies" were all born within the space of about five weeks, and it was a great matter throughout the settlement that so man}^ children were born among the newcomers in so short a time after their arrival. It shows that they were 'aW good people, and obeyed the Scriptures, especially that part where it says, "Multiply and replenish the earth." These interesting events proved that they had good populating qualities. But the fact of main interest just now is, that each one of these four children (besides two others) has been claimed and reported as the first white child born in Johnson county. We therefore tabulate the mat- ter in accordance with the above narratives, thus: IVo. I. — Lucinda Hawkins, born late in Agust, 1837, on section 12 in Fremont township, daughter of George W. Hawkins. JVo. 2. — Lewis Earhart, born September 3, 1837, on section 22 in Lib- ert}' township, son of Jacob and Nancy Earhart. A^o. J. — Eoren W. Harris, son of Judge Pleasant Harris and Hannah, his wife, born September 27, 1837, on section 22 in Liberty township. A^o. 4.. — Elizabeth Cain, daughter of John A. Cain (whose wife was a sister to the Earhart brothers), born late in September, 1837, supposed on section 16 in Liberty township. '■'■Kirst Baby'"' Number 5. — It was reported, and believed by some old settlers, that Mrs. Jonathan Harris was mother of the first baby born in the county; but she had a nursing babe eight months old when she arrived, and this "imported" little sucker evidently got mixed up with the "native stock" in the minds of some of the old folks. Some of them have all these years been mistakenly crediting Mrs. Judge Harris' baby to her daugh- ter-in-law. '•'First Baby''' Number 6. — In addition to these children, born in 1837, we found one that was born in 1838, also being supposed by some to have been "the first;" hence we give particulars of the case as it really was. Early in the summer of 1838, Patrick Smith moved into the claim cabin which stood on the bank of the Iowa river, in the town site of Napoleon, the first county seat. Mrs. Smith was sister to Philip Clark, and she gave birth to a daughter some time in August, 1838, in that cabin. It is remembered that her delivery was lingering and tedious; that she lay in great sufiering about two days: Mr. Trowbridge had got onto his horse and started to Bloomington [Muscatine] for a doctor, but was called back by the news that the child was born. Some Indian women of Wapasha- sheik's village had heard of the "white squaw's" condition, and immedi- ately gathered wild herbs or roots from which they made a decoction and gave her to drink; and in a few minutes thereafter she was safely 306 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. delivered. When Trowbridge was going to the stock range to catch his horse he met some of the Indian men and told them why he must hurry and get his horse and ride to Bloomington for a doctor; they told their midwife women about it — and the result was as above stated. THE FIRST WEDDING. This interesting and historic event occurred Aug. 17, 1838. Johnson count}^ was still attached to Cedar for civil purposes, and " the boys " went over to Rochester, then the count}^ seat of Cedar county, and procured George McCoy, a justice of the peace, to come and tie the double knot — for there were two weddings at once. He came to the house of Mr. Joseph Stover, in what is now Pleasant V^alley township, and there at one job he married Benjamin Ritter to Miss Mary Stover, and Martin Smith to Miss Martha McLucas. Wilson Smith, a son of this last couple, now lives in Pleasant Valley township, on the very farm where his father and mother were married. So, although he was not the first boy born in the county, he was a son of the first wedding in the county. Benjamin Ritter is still living, and resides in Iowa City. FIRST DEATHS. The first death and burial in Iowa City, was that of a little girl, and her grave-stone may still be read in the old or south part of Oakland ceme- tery. The inscription is: "Dedicated to the memory of Cordelia Swan, daughter of Chauncey and Dolly Swan, who died September 10, 1839, age4 ffve years, four months, and 26 da3^s." Mrs. Swan, the mother of this little girl, died February 11, 1847, aid lies buried beside her child. The first adult burial here was that of Samuel Bumgardner, who died of typhoid fever, November 5, 1839, and was buried_ at the same place, where his monument can still be seen. He was from Rockbridge county, Virginia. Tha Jirst death of cni adult w?iS ihdit of Benjamin Miller, the man who started the first ferry in Johnson county. He took the claim where Jacob Stover now lives, near the count}^ fair ground, and died there, October 26, 1839, aged 46 years, eight months, one day. He was buried on land where H. W. Lathrop now lives, but the body was afterward removed to Oakland cemetery, in the city. FIRST CORONER CASES. The first cases on record in which a coroner's jur}'' was empaneled, are mentioned Oct. 5, 1811. I. P. Hamilton filed a claim for services of him- self and others in holding an inquest on the body of Loins E. Hartz; but the board decided that Hartz had property enough to pay all his debts and funeral expenses, and hence the county would not pay any coroner lees. The next case was on the body of John Cain, deceased. The board decided that the cause and manner of Mr. Cain's death was well known, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 307 and there was no need of a coroner's inquest. So they refused to pay this bill also. But the next day October 6, it is recorded that the coroner was allowed $10 for his services in the case of John Cain, deceased. FIRST DOCTORS. The first doctor in the county was old Dr. Teeples, who lived on Eng- lish river, in that part of the original Johnson county which was after- ward given to Washington county. Dr. Isaac N. Lesh ought to have been the first, but he wasn't a doctor at all, although the title is repeatedly given him on the county records. He had " read medicine" awhile with some physician east, but didn't like the business and never , considered himself a doctor. A Dr. Morrow came next, and bought the Bumgard- ner claim, next to Capt. Irish's; he batched with S. H. McCrory awhile, but soon went down to Muscatine county, was elected clerk of the court, and ultimately died there. Dr. Henry Murray was really the first regu- lar practicing physician who came and made a permanent settlement in the county. And Isaiah P. Hamilton, who was the first count}^ recorder, and made the first record of a deed that was ever made in the county, afterward studied medicine with Dr. Murray, and finally removed to Wis- consin. THE FIRST 4th OF JULY. The "glorious -ith" was first celebrated at Gilbert's trading-house on July 4, 1^37, consisting of free liquor and a "glorious drunk" all around. The new trading house (Gilbert's) had just opened for business. .Henry Felkner had brought three barrels of whisky up from Muscatine for Gil- bert, and it was his treat for all hands. The order of exercises was that every man should take his turn between drinks and make a speech, tell a story or sing a song; and as there were thirteen or fourteen men present they got a good deal Tof Bacchanalir.n fun out of the "celebration." But the three barrels of whisky didn't all go that way. Gilbert had built his trading-house just ovei- the then existing treat}^ line, on the Indians' land; and to compensate and satisfy them for this he gave them two barrels of whisky, which kept up "4th of July" in the two Indian villages for sev- eral weeks. Old Poweshiek loved whisky and was as bad as a white man for drunkenness; but Wapashashiek kept sober, and discountenanced the use of liquor as much as possible among the men of his village. The next and more historic 4th of July celebration occurred on the ground where the State University now stands, on July 4, 1839. The new capitol commissioners, who met at Napoleon in May and decided on the location for the capital city, had appointed one of their number, Chaun- cey Swan, Esq., to go on and lay out the town. He employed Col. Thomas Cox and Gen. John Frierson as surveyors, and JL. Judson as draftsman, besides a corps of assistants and laborers to prosecute the work. By the 4th of July they had made a clearing of hazel brush and small trees, and set their corner stakes as far as the spot where the capitol building was 308 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. to be located. And here was the time and the occasion for a grand pioneer 4th of July jubilee. The officers of the day were: President — Col. Thomas Cox. Marshal — Sheriff's. C. Trowbridge. Secretar}'- — Postmaster S. H. McCrory. Orator — Gen. John Frierson. Reader of Declaration — (not ascertained). By direction of Commissioner Swan a tall straight oak tree was trimmed of its branches and made to do duty as a flag pole; and here was proba- bly the first time the stars and stripes were ever unfurled to the air of Johnson county. Jonathan Harris was then keeping tavern in the old Gilbert trading house, about four miles down the river, and the fresh cooked part of the dinner was prepared there and hauled up, although the neighbors for fif- teen or twenty miles around brought baskets of provisions with them. Wagon boxes were lifted off' their wheels and turned bottom upward to serve as pic-nic tables. After dinner regular and volunteer toasts were offered and responded to in the most approved "down east" 4th of July fashion. At proper time Col. Trowbridge and two lads, named Sihon and James Hill, pulled a wagon into a good shade for the orator to stand in, and laid a board across the wagon box for him to lay his manuscript on — a sort of improvised pulpit arrangement. The story heretofore published that the orator of this occasion stood on a whisky barrel may be very funny, but // isii't true. Mrs. TenEyck of Iowa City, and Mrs. Jonathan Harris, now residing at Montour, Tama County, Iowa, are supposed to be the. only women still living (1882) who were present at that celebration. This was really the first general gathering of the settlers of the county in a social way, with their families, and they had great times trying to tell each other where they lived. It must be remembered there were no survey lines and no public roads by which to mark localities at this time; hence the descriptions were — "on such a stream," "beyond such a marsh," "in such a grove," "near such a sand ridge," "around such a bend," "across such a bottom," and so on till the category of native land- marks was exhausted. FIRST SALE OF LOTS. The survey of the new capital city had so far progressed by July 4, 1889, that at the celebration on that day it was announced that the first sale of lots would take place August IS, 1839. This notice being pub- lished in eastern papers, attracted the attention and presence of many capitalists, who began arriving upon the ground some days previous to the sale. Three days were consumed b}^ it, and the proceeds amounted to $75,000, property going off briskly and at high prices. Early in October, 1839, the second sale of lots took place, the proceeds of which amounted HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 309 to $30,000. Immigrants now began to pour in daily, many of them living in tents until cabins could be built. The fame of the new capital of the new territory had spread through the east, and many came expecting to see a city that would rival the metropolitan centers of the older States. The territoral Legislature convened at Iowa City for the first time, Dec. 6, 1841. The first Z/^/^/ in Iowa City was a double log-cabin structure, which stood on what is now the corner of Gilbert and Brown streets. A claim cabin had been built there in February, 1839; and in June of the same year another cabin was built twenty feet from the first one. The area between them was roofed over, and used for a bar-room, and these together constituted a first-class hotel, or " tavern," as it was called in those days. Asaph Allen and G. T. Andrews were the proprietors. Andrews died, but Allen returned to Ohio, and is still living (1882). Many scenes and incidents of pioneer life transpired at this old log tav- ern — some of them very sad, indeed, for here pioneer whisky was dealt out without any thought, or fear, or care of law to the contrar}', either in the Book of God, or the statutes or constitutions of man. And whisky wrought wretchedness and mortal woe to man the same in those days as now, when indulged in as a beverage. But over such scenes as this fact calls up let us draw the veil of willing forgetfulness, hoping that they are to be re-enacted in Iowa no more forever. This old tavern site was also on the line, at the very track's edge, of the projected Lyons and Western railroad, one of those egregious frauds and swindles which were perpe- trated on the early settlers of Iowa, and in fact in every one of our western states. For particulars of this matter see our chapter on railroads of the county. Remnants of the old grade can be traced for a mile or two, even to the last dump of earth made on the river bluff, where was to commence the wonderful bridge, seventeen hundred feet long, and one hundred and fifty feet above the surface of the water. An}' person who will go there now, and view the site, will see at once what crazy schemes were devised and talked up, to delude the people into voting taxes for a purely imagin- ary and utterly preposterous and impracticable promise of benefit. Matthew TenEyck seems to have been the first white man who per- manently settled and made a home on land now included within the bounds of Iowa City. This was in the early part of 1839, for the commissioners who came to survey and lay out the capital city, obtained board at Ten- Eyck's cabin. The first white child born in Iowa City was Hannah TenEyck, who was born in the above mentioned cabin, on January 8, 1840. The first regularly and well built house other than cabins, was built by Mr. TenEyck on the corner of Iowa Avenue and Dubuque streets. It was of solid hewn timber, two stories high, and quite roomy. It was 20 310 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. burned down, after having been occupied as a residence, tavern and board- ing house for some twenty years. The first frame house was built by Wesley Jones, on the present site of the Powell block, south of University Square, in which was stored and sold the first stock of goods brought to this city. The first brick building was erected by Mr. Bostwick, and the first reg- ular hotel was built and conducted b}?^ Walter Butler. These buildings were all erected in 1889. But Allen & Andrews' old double cabin "tav- ern," at the corner of Brown and Gilbert streets, was still earlier than Butler's hotel. In 1840 Samuel II. McCrory was postmaster at Iowa City, and estab- lished the first postoflice in the city in a rough log building that stood on the first block north of Capitol Square (now the University Campus), and a mail route was opened from Muscatine to Iowa Cit}', with a contract to furnish a weekly mail. Before this date, the meagre mail had been brought in a very irregular way from Muscatine up to wherever the "Na- poleon" postoffice happened for the time to be located. [See article on successive postmasters.] The first church in Johnson county was erected by the Protestant Methodist Association at Iowa City in 1844, the corner stone being laid May i;^, by the Rev. John Libby, his exxellency Gov. Lucas assisting in the ceremony. In December, 1841, the first meeting of the legislature in Iowa City occurred. The capitol building was not ready for them yet, and they held their sessions in the Hutchinson house. This was a large frame building that stood on Washington street next south of the corner block- where Whetstones drug store is now (1882) — on the ^ame ground now occupied by the building in whith Mr. Schell has his shoe store. The old Hutchinson house now stands on Dubuque, between College and Bur- lington streets, being occupied in 1882 by Mr. Springer. It is one of the few remaining relics of the pioneer city. THE FIRST MILL UAM. The first flouring mill in Johnson county was erected and run by David and Joshua Switzer, in 1841, and was located on Clear creek. In this mill was ground the first flour and meal manufactured in the county. But how large a dam they built the historian did not learn. Secondly. — By an act of the council and house of representatives of the territory of Iowa, approved Dec. 15, 1840, Walter Terrill was authorized to construct a dam across the Iowa river in Johnson county at a point on the southwest quarter of section No. three, in township sevent3^-nine north, range six west, — the dam not to exceed five feet above the ordinary low water mark, — and provided that said dam be completed within the term of three years from the passage of said act. It was also stipulated that HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 311 this dam should not obstruct the navigation of the Iowa river. The vis- ion of steamboats plyini^ up and down this stream was a vapory delusion then fondly hugged by probably a majority of the settlers. Mr. Terrill went away south, to Louisiana; he did not return until the winter or early spring of 1843 — and in April of this year he commenced building the dam. While that was in progress he also buill a mill, which has been known ever since as " Terrill's Mill." The property is now owned (1882) by Mrs. Mary Terrill. Terrill's was the first permit ever given to construct a dam on the Iowa river. SECOND MILL DAM ON IOWA RIVER. Silas Foster, Esq., of Iowa City, relates that in the spring of 1843 a meeting was held at the office of Judge John G. Coleman, to consider the matter of building a dam. An adjourned meeting was held at the Tre- mont House, and a joint stock company was formed, of $.5,000, at $2.5 per share. The directors elected were: Chauncey Swan, Augustus C. Mc Arthur and J. K. Haverstraw. Officers — President, Chauncev Swan; secretary and treasurer, Silas Foster; superintendent, A. B. Newcomb. Work on the dam was commenced June 18, 1843. The site was donated by Walter Butler, but reserving certain uses of the dam himself for a saw mill, etc. As the dam progressed, a mill was also commenced; and on January 1, 1844, the workmen and stockholders had a New Year feast of corn dodgers and mush, made from meal ground that day in the mill — its first grist. The dam was four hundred feet long, and had cost only tzventy-five fl'b/- /«r5 in money paid out. Here is a miracle! It happened in ^this way. Many of the stockholders paid for their shares in work, while others paid in supplies to house and feed the workmen. Judge Coleman and Philip Clark paid their shares, four each, making a total of $200, in meat and flour, for the workmen. C.C. Buck paid his shares in groceries. This dam was on nearly the same site now known as the Coralville dam. (See " Annals of Iowa," April," 1869.) The first dam was ten feet high, and was, when built, the largest dam west of the Mississippi river. It has since been increased to thirteen feet, vertical height, at the apex or overflow. FIRST STANDARD MEASURES. By the county board, March 6, 1840: Ordered by the board, that Abner Wolcott, Esq., be authorized to lur- nish the following standard measures for the use of the county, to-wit: One three feet measure, one one foot measure, likewise a box containing one thousand seventy-five and one-fifth inches, or a half bushel. And Henry Felkner, Esq.^ be authorized to furnish an entire set ol standard weights for the county's use. Col. Ed. Lucas claims to be the first man who ever sowed tame grass 312 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. seed in Johnson county, and says he is prouder of that than he ever was of ^oing to the le^^islature. This may seem like a small matter now, but at that time nobody believed tame grass would grow here, hence it took a good deal of grit to send off to St. Louis, as he had to, and buy a lot of timothy and clover seed, and try the experiment. This was in the fall of 1845; he sowed the seed on new breaking; it did well; and from that his- toric experiment may be dated the rise of Johnson county's fame and suc- cess as a fine stock country. Col. Lucas also brought the first peafowls into the county. CHAPTER IV. -PART ;',. Old Settlers Organization — Constilution— Enrolled Names-- Various Meetings— Officers, etc. OLD settler's association. Some claim that an old settler's association was organized in February, 1859. An editorial statement to this effect was made in some number of the "Annals of Iowa," but we failed to find any authentic record to verify it. However, there were social gatherings of old settler friends and neigh- bors, several times before any general and formal organization was made. The first record preserved shows that a meeting was held in the council chamber at Iowa City, Feb. 22, 1866. Officers were elected; and Hon. Samuel H. McCrory, Prof. T. S. Parvin and Col. E. W. Lucas were appointed to prepare a constitution and by-laws. David Switzer was chairman, and J. R. Hartsock, secretary of this meeting; but the names of the permanent officers elected will be found attached to the constitution, hereafter given. A resolution was adopted, "that all who resided in Iowa before the first of January, 1813, be regarded as 'Old Settlers,' and eligible to member- ship in the association." But the constitution as adopted, recognized any- body who had lived in the State twenty years, or more, as an "old settler," no matter when he came. A cotnmittee of one from each township was appointed "to collect the names of all the old settlers, and report them to the secretary of the association to be recorded." Remember, this order was made at the same time the rule was adopted to count as "okl settlers" only those who came before 1843. This committee was: Graham township Jesse Strawbridge Hardin " . . . A. D. Packard Sharon " . . . . W. B. Ford Scott " .... John Parrott Cedar " ... Edwin Brown Union " P. Harris Washington township.. .Titus Fry Libert}^ township. . Henry Earhart Newport " . . Henry Felkner Iowa Cit}- " . Perry D. Turner Big Grove " Charles McCune Penn " .... D. A. Shafer Oxford " H. Hamilton Madison " David Rixy Fremont " .... Henry Welsh , PleasantValley township I. J.Burge Monroe " ....P. H. Barnes Clear Creek township. . . . Geo. Paul Jefferson township. . Benj. Swisher HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 313 On March 10, 1866, they met attain. Mr. McCrory presented the con- stitution prepared by the committee, it beinj^ mostly the same as one obtained from a similiar association in Scott county, which holds its meet- ings at Davenport. The next meeting of the association was on June 2, 1866, at which time it was ordered that two hundred copies of the constitution should be prin ed and circulated. Also, provision was made for holding a re-union and festival on the 21st of June, and on the 4:th the following programme was published: The annual festival of the old settlers of Johnson county will be held on Thursday, June 21, 1866, in the grove at the east end of College street, in Iowa City. S. H. BoNHAM to deliver the annual address. The following committees are appointed to carry out the arrangement. Committee to erect table and speaker's stand — Edward Lannino-, Geo. Paul and M. D. Freeman. Committee to receive provisions — Col. S. C. Trowbrido-e, Laurence Johnson, J. W. Swollbrd, John McCrory and Horace Sanders. Committee to arrange the tables — Mrs. Terrell, Mrs. Geo. Paul, Miss McCrory, Mrs. E. K. Morse, Mrs. S. C. Trowbridge, Mrs. Cyrus San- ders, Misses Mary SutlifF, Ella Felkner, Ada Kimball, Helen McCune and Hattie Van Fleet, and Mrs. Titus R. Fry. Committee on dishes — J. R. Hartsock, A. B. Walker, John P. Irish Willie Crum, M. Cavanagh. Committee on water and refreshments — John Shoup, Charles Paul, I. V. Willis, Charlie Hutchinson, W. H. L. Swaftbrd and Thos. M. Irish. Committee on music — Robert Hutchinson, Thos. Snyder and E. Red- head. Committee on toasts and responses— David Switzer, A. C. Sutliff, Titus R. Fry, S. H. McCrory, Warner Spurrier, F. M. Irish, E. Welsh^ Charles Cartwright and Wm. Crum. The hour for meeting on the ground is 9 o'clock a. m. of said day. Each family is expected to furnish the necessary provisions, such as meats, bread, cakes, pies, pickles, fruits and fancy articles for the table, to make a No. 1 di)iner, and to deliver when on the ground to the committee, of which Col. S. C. Trowbridge is chairman. The committee on arrangements expect, and would most earnestly solicit every family of old settlers to take hold in the true spirit of an old settler, and be present on that occasion. Any information wanted will be given by applying to the committee of arrangements. E. W. Lucas, Sylvanus Johnson, James Cavanagh, John R. Van Fleet, L. S. S. Swafibrd, committee on arrangements. CONSTITUTION OF THE OLD SETTI.ERs' ASSOCIATION, ADOPTED MARCH 10 1866. Whereas, The old settlers are rapidly passing away, we feel it to be our duty to gather, and preserve the memories of a settlement that has resulted in a growth and development so great, and feeling that the recol- lection of the past, and the hope of the future, link us together, as a brotherhood, we do now ordain and establish this constitution: Article i. — This associalion shall be called the Old Settlers, Association of Johnson County, Iowa. 314 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Article ii. — The officers of this association shall be a president, three vice presidents, recording secretary, corresponding secretary and treasurer. Article hi. — The president shall preside at all meetings of the asso- ciation, and preserve order, and in case of an equal decision, give the cast- ing vote. He may call special meetings of the association, at the request of eight (8) members. In case of the absence of the president, or hs inability to act, the senior vice-president shall perform his duties. Article w. — Sec. i. The recording secretary of the association shall keep a true record of its proceedings, and shall keep a register, called the old settler's register, in which shall be registered the name, age, place of n;,t vity, occupation, date of settlement in Iowa, date and place of death of each member, when such shall occur. Scr. 2. The secretary shall ascertain from the above facts, as respects themselves, at the time of signing the constitution, and perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned him. Article v. The corresponding secretary shall receive and read to the association, and answer all communications addressed to it, and perform such other duties as ma}^ from time to time be assigned him . Article vi. The treasurer shall receive alimonies belonging to the association, and disburse the same and render an account at the expiration of his term of office, and hand over all monies, books and papers, to his successor. Article vii. — 6Vr. /. All officers of the association, hereafter shall be elected annually, on the first Saturday of March, and hold their office for one year, or until their successors are elected. Scr. 2. After each annual election the president shall appoint an execu- tive committee of five, whose duty it shall be to make all necessary arrangements for an anniversary meeting of the association at such time and place as they shall deem most expedient, and having determined on the time and place, give notice of the same. Article viii. All persons who are non-residents of Johnson county, who were residents of Iowa at the time of the adoption of the tirst State constitution for the State of Iowa, and who are of good moral character, are eligible to membership. Article ix. — Sec. i. Every member shall sign the constitution, and pay to the treasurer fifty cents, and thereafter twenty-live cents annually. Sec. 2. All persons hereafter that have resided twenty years in Iowa and are residents of Johnson county, may become members by applying to the executive committee; provided a majority of the committee are in favor of such persons being admitted as members of the association regu- lating the admission of members. Article x. A majority of all the members of the association may alter or amend the constitution, at the annual meeting in March. Article xi. The executive committee shall select a suitable person to deliver an address before the association, on the day of the anniversary meeting. Article xii. The families of all members are privileged to attend the anniversary meeting of the association. Article xiii. Whenever practicable, the members of the association shall attend in a body the funeral of any deceased member; and as a token of respect, shall wear the usual badge of mourning. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 315 OFFICERS OF THE OLD SETTLERS ASSOCIATION. David Switzer, president. F. M. Irish, Robert Walker, Henry Felkner, vice presidents. Silas Foster, recording secretary, Theodore S. Parvin, corresponding secretary. Peter Roberts, treasurer. NAMES SIGNED. The following names appear signed to the constitution, each in his own handwriting: F. M. Irish, Bryan Dennis, T. S. Parvin, F. Kimball, Edward Lanning, W. N. Chalfant, J. N. Seydel, Henry N. Berry, I. C. Shat^; Wm. Windrem, jr, Peter Roberts, Aaron Canott, S. J. Hess, John Porter, Louis S. Swofiord, Henry Earhart, William Jayne, Chas. Cartwright, Sylvanus Johnson, Abel Stevens, Chas. H. Berryhill, Jas.R. Hartsock, Isaac Bowen, Charles Gaymon, R. Hutchinson, Green Hill, The secretary procured a splendid book, in accordance with his duties laid down in Article IV. of the constitution ; but to collect and record the facts as required proved to be a larger contract than either the secretary or the members had any idea it would be; and the following complete transcript from the book shows all that had been accomplished in that line up to Sept. 20, 1882: NAMES ON THE OLD SETTLERs' REGISTER. David Switzer, was born in Pennsylvania, May 1, 1800. Settled in Iowa in 1838. Occupation a farmer. Deceased. Frederick Macy Irish, was born in New York, March 13, 1801. Set- tled in Iowa in 1839. Occupation sailor and farmer. Died in Iowa City February 16, 1875. David" B. Case, was born in Tennessee, November 20, 1815. Settled in Iowa in 1836. Occupation a farmer. E. M. Adams, was born in Maine, September 7, 1811. Settled in Iowa in 1837. Occupation a farmer. Silas Foster, James Cavanagh. George Paul, Mathew TenEyck, J. Shoup, David B. Cox, Daniel Hart, H. D. Packard, D. K. Shaver, S. J. Switzer, Levi M . Phillips, O. A. Patterson, Jabez Stevens, Cyrus wSanders, Christian Dodt, Edgar Harrison, Thomas D. Jones, John L. Gordon, Jno. P. Irish, Geo. W. McCleary, Edw'd;W. Lucas, Geo. S. Hampton, John R. VanFleet, J. W. Holt, S. C.Trowbridge, Sam. H. McCrory, J. Y. Black well, Robert Walker, Samuel Mitchell, David Simonton, Thos. W. Butler, E. Shepard, Philp Clark, J. R. Strawbridge, D. Switzer, H. W. Collins, T. C. Turner, Henry Felkner, E. M. Adams, George Fesler, Allen Phillips, J as. H. Gower, John M. Anson, J. J. Mendenh;dl, A. C. Denison, Garret Lancaster, R. B. Woods, Mathew Cavanagh, John W. Alt, ■ N. Scales, Thomas Hill, 316 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Samuel C. Trowbridge, was born in Virginia, May 1, 1812. Settled in Iowa, in ISIJI. Occupation a farmer. James R. Hartsock, was born in Pennsylvania, May 15, 1818. Settled in Iowa in 1838. Occupation an artist and postmaster. A. D. Packard, was born in Ohio, July 2, 1816. Settled in Iowa in 1838. Occupation, a farmer. Samuel J. Switzer, was born in Maryland, March 27, 1832, Settled in Iowa in 1838. Occupation, a farmer. Franklin Kimball, was born in Maine, June 20, 1812. Settled in Iowa in 1810. Occupation, mai-ketman; deceased. Isaac Bowen, was born in Ohio, August 23, 1812. Settled in Iowa in 1839. Occupation, a farmer. Bryan Dennis, was born in Ohio, April 1, 1819. Settled in Iowa in 1839. Occupation a farmer. Charles H. Berryhill, was born in Pennsylvania, December 7, 1818. Settled in Iowa in 1839. Occupation, merchant, farmer and speculator; deceased. Robert Hutchinson, was born in New Hampshire, September 16, 1814. Settled in Iowa in 1839. Occupation, carpenter. George Fesler, was born in Virginia, November 23, 1824. Settled in low^a in 1840. Occupation, farmer. Edward Lanning, was born in New^ Jersey, May 7, 1815. Settled in Iowa in 1840. Occupation, horticulturist. James H. Gower, was born in Maine, October 22, 1806. Settled in Iowa in 1840. Occupation varied; deceased. Silas Foster, was born in New Hampshire, October 24, 1802. Settled in Iowa in 1839. Occupation, mercantile; deceased. O. A. Patterson, was born in Indiana, January 28, 1827. Settled in Iowa in 1841. Occupation, merchant. Mathew TenEyck, was born in New Jersey, August 12, 1805. Settled in Iowa in 1839. Occupation, farmer. Abel Stevens, was born in Vermont, October 19, 1811. Settled in Iowa in 1841. Occupation, farmer; deceased. Charles Gayman, was born in Pennsylvania, October 17, 1817. Settled in Iowa in 1841. Occupation, farmer, ^^ohn M. Anson, was born in France, November 2, 1817. Settled in Iowa in 1846. Occupation, farmer. Charles Cartwright, was born in North Carolina, November 26, 1811. Settled in Iowa in 1842. Occupation, carpenter. D. K. Shaver, was born in Pennsylvania, January 3, 1822. Settled in Iowa in 1842. Occupation, farmer. Allen Phillips, was born in Indiana, June 12, 1819. Settled in Iowa in 1839. Occupation, farmer; deceased. Levi M. Phillips, was born in Illinois, March 22, 1837. Settled in Iowa in 1839. Occupation, farmer. W. N. Chalfant, was born in Ohio, September 25, 1832. Settled in Iowa in 1840. Occupation, carpenter. J.J. Mendinhall, was born in Pennsylvania, Aug. 17, 1817. Settled in Iowa in 1841. Occupation, farmer. Jabez Stevens, was born in Vermont, June 6, 1815. Settled in Iowa in 1841. Occupation, farmer. J. N. Seydel, was born in Ohio, Jan. 24, 1830. Settled in Iowa in 1842. Occupation, tinner. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 317 Green Hill, was born in North Carolina, Aug, 4, 1801. Settled in Iowa in 1839. Occupation, farmer. Deceased. George W. McCleary, was born in Ohio, Feb. 28, 1812. Settled in Iowa in 1839. Occupation, mercantile. Deceased. William Jaynes, was born in New Jersey, Jan. 26, 1802. Settled in Iowa in 1839. Occupation, carpenter. Deceased. Henry Felkner, was born in Ohio, April 18, 1810. Settled in lawa in 1837. Occupation, farmer. Thomas Hill, was born in Pennsylvania, Dec. 15, 1800. Settled in Iowa in 1840. Occupation, farmer. John R. Vanfleet, was born in Pennsylvania, Dec. 6, 1818. Settled in Iowa in 1839. Occupation, farmer. Deceased. A. C. Denison, was born in Ohio, April 12, 1813. Settled in Iowa in 1838. Occupation, farmer. Cyrus Sanders, was born in Ohio, Sept. 28, 1817. Settled in Iowa in 1839. Occupation, farmer. J. Y. Blackwell, was born in Pennsylvania, Dec. 10, 1815. Settled in Iowa in 1842. Occupation, lawyer. Henry N. Berry, was born in Iowa, Dec. 17, 1844. Occupation, farmer. Garret Lancaster, was born in New York, Dec. 2, 1827. Settled in Iowa in 1837. Occupation, cooper. Clinton Dodt, was born in New York, Jan. 31, 1833. Settled in Iowa in 1846. Occupation, farmer. Robert Walker, was born in New York, Oct. 4, 1802. Settled in Iowa in 1838. Occupation, farmer. Deceased. Mrs. J. C. Shoff, was born in Canada West, Jan. 4, 1825. Settled in Iowa in 1843. Occupation, milliner and dressmaker. R. B. Woods, was born in Indiana, Jan. 14, 1841. Settled in Iowa in 1842. Occupation, farmer. Deceased. Edgar Harrison, was born in Virginia, April 7, 1833. Settled in Iowa in 1844. Occupation, printer. William Windram, Jr., was born in Pennsylvania, June 7, 1836. Set- tled in Iowa in 1842. Occupation, farmer. Samuel Mitchel, was born in Maryland, Jan. 17, 1829. Settled in Iowa in 1842. Occupation, painter. Mathew Cavanagh, was born in Michigan, May 13, 1832. Settled in Iowa in 1839. Occupation, lawyer. Thomas D. Jones, was born in Wales, June 21, 1789. Settled in Iowa in 1842. Occupation, farmer. George S. Hamilton, was born in Kentucky, May 18, 1806. Settled in Iowa in 1840. Occupation, lawyer. Deceased. Peter Roberts, was born in Pennsylvania, April .30, 1809. Settled in Iowa in 1841. Occupation, cabinet maker. Deceased. Lewis S. Swafford, was born in Indiana, October 31, 1818. Settled in Iowa in 1840. Occupation, carpenter. David Simonton, was born in Delaware, January 1, 1798. Settled in Iowa in 1845. Occupation, farmer. Deceased. John W. Alt, was born in Virginia, April 5, 1815. Settled in Iowa in 1839. Occupation, farmer. John Powell Irish, was born in Iowa City, January 1, 1843. Occupa- tion, printer. 318 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. ADDITIONAL NAMES. The following additional names of members who had paid their fee we found on loose sheets of paper, but they had not been entered in the " Register" book: James McAllister, was born in Pike county, Ohio, in 1831. —Bradford Henyon, was born in Seneca county, N. Y., in 1817. Set- tled in Iowa in 1836. Deceased. Mathew Albright, was born in York count}', Pa., in 1815. Settled in Iowa in 1849. J. N. McCaddon, was born in Fayette county, Pa., in 1806. Settled in Iowa in 1849. Deceased. Edward Carson, was born in Washington county, Tenn., in 1810. Set- tled in Iowa in 1843. Deceased. Titus R. Fry, was born in Licking count}^ O., in 1811. Settled in Iowa in 1840. Enos Fry, was born in Licking county, O., in 1812. Settled in Iowa in 18 — . Occupation, wagon-maker. W. D. Canon, was born in Johnson county, Iowa, in 1840. H. W. Lathrup, was born in Franklin county, Mass., in 1819. Settled in Iowa in 1847. Joseph R.Johnson, was born in Pennsylvania, in 1809. Settled in Iowa in 1841. James Magruder, was born in Chesterfield county, Va., in 1814. Set- tled in Iowa in 1838. Mathew Cochran, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1828. Settled in Iowa in 1843. William Cochran, was born in Morris county, N. J., in 1830. Settled in Iowa in 1843. James C. Hamilton, was born in St. Joseph county, Ind., in 1833. Set- tled in Iowa in 1837. Charles Pinney, was born in Franklin county, O., in 1812. Settled in Iowa in 1840. William Crum, was born in Dauphin county. Pa., in 1818. Settled in Iowa in 1840. Deceased. A. W. G. Norse, was born in New York, in 1832. Settled in Iowa in 1841. John Lemore, was born in Scotland, in 1819. Settled in Iowa in 1847. Abram Miller, was born in Preston county, W. Va., in 1822. Settled in Iowa in 1839. Deceased. Samuel McCaddon, was born in Trumbull county, O., in 1825. Set- tled in Iowa in 1848. Deceased. John Porter, was born in Adams county, O., in 1814. Settled in Iowa in 1842. Deceased. Daniel Hart, was born in Jefferson county, Ohio, in 1801. Settled in Iowa in 1846. Deceased. Edwin A. Brown, was born in New York in 1819. Settled in Iowa in 1839. Jacob Bean, was born in Baden, Germany, in 1815. Settled in Iowa in 1844. Rush Mendenhall, was born in Johnson county, Iowa, in 1849. C. H. Bane, was born in Johnson county, Iowa, in 1843. A. C. Dennison, was born in Muskingum county, Ohio, in 1813. Set- tled in Iowa in 1838. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 319 Christopher S. Roplen, was born in Wurtemburg, Germany, in 1819. Settled in Iowa in ISiO. Samuel Hunter, was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, in 1825. Set- tled in Iowa in 1850. Jo'nn Cohnan, was born in York county. Pa., in 1818. Settled in Iowa in lS-J-8. Deceased. J. S. McCrory, was born in Johnson county, in 1845. Wm. T. Sweet, was born in Champaign county, Ohio, in 1833. Set- tled in Iowa in 1839. Theodore S. Parvin, was born in Cumberland county. New Jersey, Jan. 15, 1817. Removed to Iowa in July, 1838, (Blooraington, now Mus- catine,) and to Iowa City Sept. 1, 1860. Henry Hart, was born in Chenango county, N. Y., July 4, 1839. Came to Iowa in 1849. James Cavanagh, was born in Butler county, Ohio, in 1806. Settled in Iowa in 1839. Deceased. Philo Haynes, was born in New London county. Conn., in 1814. Set- tled in Iowa in 1842. E. K. Morse, was born in Windham county. Conn., in 1816. Came to Iowa in 1838. Deceased. Julius G. Brown, was born in Erie county. New York, in 1818. Came to Iowa in 1839. A. L. Clark, was born in Essex county. New Jersey, in 1832. Settled in Iowa in 1852. Florence A. Clark, was born in Pike county, Ohio, in 1842. Settled in Iowa in 1848. Horace Kimball, was born in Iowa City Sept. 2, 1849. Jacob Ricord, was born in Philadelphia Sept. 26, 1816. Came to Iowa City March 4, 1840. Emily Ricord, was born in Missouri in 1829. Came to Iowa (at Dubuque) in 1834. Henry Bechtel, 1845.* Samuel Welch, 1841.* J. J. Ressler, 1840.* Fanny Ressler, 1849.* Anna Albright, 1849.* Henry Walker, was born in Portage county, Ohio, in 1829. Settled in Iowa in 1841., Farmer. John Wilson, was born in Ohio in 1809. Came to Iowa in 1842. Farmer. L. G. Wilson, was born in Monroe county, Ohio. Came to Iowa in 1842. Merchant. The next meeting recorded was on June 2, 1869, but on motion of Mr. McCrory it adjourned to the 16th. At this adjourned meeting the officers elected were — President, Samuel H. McCrory. Vice-presidents: 1st, John Parrott; 2d, Charles McCune: 3d, Titus R. Fry. Secretary, John P. Irish. Corresponding secretary, T. S. Parvin. Treasurer, Edward Lanning. *This is all there was aiven with these names. 320 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. President McCrory appointed as executive committee: E. W. Lucas, J. R. Hartsock, L. S. Swaftbrd, S. C. Trowbridge and Sylvanus John- son. At this meeting there was presented a fine group-photograph of mem- bers ot the Old Settlers' Association of Scott county, for which a vote of thanks was recorded; and a committee, consisting of John P. Irish, S. H. McCrory and J. R. Hartsock, was appointed to see what it would cost to have a similar picture of the Johnson county association. But that com- mittee does not appear ever to have made a report. THE SUMMER PIC-NIC — 1S77. On Saturday, June 16, 1877, the Old Settlers held a grand pic-nic; but we found no record of any formal business transacted by the organized society. Gov. Kirkwood and Hon. Rush Clark were expected to address the gathering, but both were engaged at the time on undeferable public business and could not be present. Speeches were, however, made by J. D. Templin and Dr. Ballard. The following list of the persons present was published in the Daily Press at the time : Henry McCullough, came in 1850; Mrs. McCullough, 1850; Mrs. H. Walker, 1842; Mrs. E. Sehorn, 1839; Henry Walker, 1840; Mrs. C. W. Irish, 1846; Mrs. John Coldren, 1841; Jabez Stevens, 1841; Chas. Pinney, 1840: Robert Hutchinson, 1839; Mrs. Robert Hutchinson, 1842: Mrs. Dr. Murray, 1839: T. Garvin, 1851; James Hill, 1838; V. I. Willis, 1839; Phil. Clark, 1836; Jas. Tucker, 1844; Sylvanus Johnson, 1837; Joseph Hemphill, 1845; Jacob Bowen, 1846; Jacob Stover, 1838: B. Henyon, 1837; Wm. Jayne, 1839; Eph. Welch, 1839; E. G. Stephens, 1853; Zion Hill, 1838; J. J. Mendenhall, 1841; J. J. Baker, 1853; Jonas Switzer, 1838; Mat. Cochran, 1843; Hiram Watts, 1840; H. H. Beeson, 1838; Mat, Cavanagh, 1839; H. Bechtel, 1845; S. E. Gunsolus, 1854; Chas. Calkins. 1843; W. H. Hoy, 1853; N. Scales, 1840; Sam. Spurrier, 1839; L. W. Talbott, 1851; E. F. Brown, 1856: James Cochran, 1853: Green Hill, 1838: Mrs. Elbert, 1843; H. Murray, 1839; T. S. Parvin, 1838; Geo. Osborn, 1854; Jos. Hill, 1846; Mrs. Geo. Paul, 1839; Geo. Paul, 1836; Geo. Nelson, 1856 ; Wm. Bovce, 1855 ; Mrs. I. N. Sydel, 1 855 ; T. C. Adams, 1839; M. Adams, 1838; Jas.'^Robinson, 1840: Mrs. Middleton, 1847; Jesse N- Harris, 1851; Mrs. Tantlinger, 1842; jas. D. Templin, 1845; G. S. Deni- son, 1838; A. Patterson, 1841; M. B. Patterson, 1841; H. Earhart, 1837; James Cavanagh, 1839; John Potter, 1851 : L. S. Swatibrd, 1840; Col. Lucas, 1839; John Renshaw, 1854; Jos. Brown, 1841; Geo. Hevern, 1846; I. N. Dessellem, 1854; Mrs. Sanders, 1838; Mr. Gaunt, 1843; Ed. Lan- ning, 1840; Miss Mary Lucas, 1838; Ben. Wilde, 1856; L.E.Curtis', 1856; Mrs. Watts, 1840; Mrs. Pierson, 1840; John Parrot, 1839; S. Stagg, 1845; B. W. Coe. 1838; Mrs. McCrory, 1840; D.Jones, 1849; John Stevenson, 1856; Wm. Hazard, 1849; Mrs. Wm. H. White, 1840; C. Cartwright, 1841 ; S. H. McCrory, 1838; D. B. Cox, 1836 at Mt. Pleasant; Mrs. Jos. Huffman, 1847; Peter Roberts, 1841; Ed. Morsej 1838; W. B. Ford, 1839; H. H. Kerr, 1839; Mrs. Jas. Hill, 1846; Dr. Coulter, 1851; Mrs. Burr, 1846; Mrs. Tom, 1847; Geo. Hunter, 1850; Dr. Ballard, 1841; Capt. Clark, 1852; D. Ham, 1850; John S. McCrory, 1845, native; E. R. Handy, 1856; Ben. Ritter, 1838; E. R. Barnes, 1856; HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 321 Cyrus Sanders, 1839; Mrs. Mvers, 1837; Kate Winchester, 1S39; R. Mendenhall, 1812: C. Detwiler"', 1851; Mrs. Thompson, 1839; Mrs. Os- borne, 1816; Samuel Yarbroucrh, 1816: J. N. Sevdel, 1811: Mrs. Cohick, 1810; C. Gaymon, 1811; Mrs. Gavmon. 1839; A.J. Rider, 18.52; N. H. Brainerd, 1856; John R. Vanfleet, 1839; M. Bloom, 1857: J. G. Hill, 1851; A. P. Alyworth, 1851; Mrs. Whitlock, 1819; M. TenEyck, 1839: Geo. W. Dodder," 1855; M. Sevdell, 1815; Henry Basterdey, 1812; H. W. Fvffe, 1811; L. B. Johnson," 1817; H. -W. Lathrop, 1819; C. Starr, 1857;" H. Powell, 1852; Mrs. A. Graham, 1853; Mrs. Jno. Thompson, 1856; Mar- tin Doran, 1857; W. E. Freeman, 1851; B. S. Holmes, 1811; Mrs. Holmes, 1812; Sam. Hess, 1816: Mrs. Hess, 1839; G. D. Palmer, 1815; Mrs. Ed. Fracker, 1857; Mrs. Hankins, 1839; T. C. Carson, 1855; Jas. McGruder, 1837; G. Hankins, 1818; A. Beermaker, 1855; Wm. Green, 1850; Capt. Shafer, 1811; N. Zeller, 1816; Jacob Cox, 1811; Geo. Hevern, 1851; Jas. S. Beatt}', 1851; John Anderson, 1853; Mrs. Jas. Robinson, 1836. THE MEETING IN 1882. The last elected president of the association was S. H. McCrory, in 1869. On his death, the first vice president, John Parrott, became the ri^rhtful president: and in response to a request signed b}' about twenty members, he called a meeting at the office of Lucas & Lucas, in Iowa City, on September 9, 1882. At this meeting the following proceedings were had: The meeting was called to order by D. B. Cox, Esq., on whose motion Hon. George Paul was elected chairman; Robert Lucas was appointed secretary. The chairman read the published call, and stated the object of the meeting, afier which a general discussion was had on the proposed reunion. The chairman appointed the following gentlemen a committee on arrangements for a picnic: Jacob Ricord, Col. E. W. Lucas, Cvrus Sanders, S. C. Trowbridge, S. J. Hess, Joseph Douglass, D. B. Cox, George Borland and James Magruder. Upon the adjournment of the meeting, the above committee held a ses- sion, and it was determined that the Old Settlers' Association hold their pic- nic on Saturday, September 23, at the fair grounds. George Borland, Joseph Douglass and D. B. Cox were appointed to prepare the grounds. Col. E. W, Lucas, James Magruder, C3-rus Sanders, Sylvanus Johnson and L. W. Swafford were appointed committee on invitation. Jacob Ricord, S. J, Hess and Hon. Geo. Paul were selected as finance com- mittee. OLD settlers' reunion OF 1882. There were difierent newspaper reports of this affair pubHshed at the time; we select that of the Siaie Ptess as in several respects the best one, and preserve it here: Saturday last, September 23, the Old Settlers and their triends, to the number of over five hundred, gathered at the fair grounds, to renew and strengthen the ties that have bound them from 1839 to 1882. The pro- ceedings were quite informal, and began with a dinner, to which each one present contributed with a liberality that forbode good appetites. Th^ old settlers have lived long years, and they ate well, for it is five years since their former picnic. During the dinner hour the band furnished music galore. 322 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Lunch disposed of, the partv gathered in the amphitheater, where Mr. Cyrus Sanders opened the programme with a most graphic description of early times in Iowa. Mr. Sanders came to Iowa in 1S38, his property a compass and staff' and such portables as might be carried in "saddle bags." It is probable he has broken down more hazel brush than any other man in Johnson county. The first pioneer cabin was built by Nathan Fellows, on Clear Creek, the second, by a Mr. Miller, near the fair ground. S. C. Trowbridge was the first sheriff', and exercised jurisdiction from the Mis- sissippi to the Rocky mountains. At this time the breadth of land between Iowa City and Bloomington, (now Muscatine) was an unbroken prairie, and many were the surmises as to its future. Then it was hardly deemed possible this wide expanse should be settled. There was no Iowa City then, but in 1S39 the first stake was driven where the University now stands; at that time the city and county had neither lawyer, doctor nor preacher. Mr. Sanders was listened to with clo^e attention, and his words brought back "ye olden time" to many present. Mr. L. B. Patterson spoke of the reasons that induced the migration of men from happy homes and thronged cities into the trackless wilderness, and closed with an eloquent contrast between the hardships of the pioneers, and the comforts and luxuries that now surround them. Hon. S. H. Fairall made a ver\- brief address, pointing out the work of the old settlers in laying the foundation of our county and State, and the debt due them from posterity and history. Mr. Samuel Magill, our local laureate, read a pleasant poem, which was received with great applause. Col. Henderson, of Nebraska, wiio came to Iowa as a surveyor, with Mr. Sanders in 1839, and removed to Nebraska eight years later, was present, and spoke briefly in fitting words. The association then went into business session; the former officers were continued, save the secretaryship, made vacant by Hon. Jno. P. Irish's removal. Mr. A. E. Swisher was elected to the place. Among the old settlers and pioneers present, with wives, children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren, were the following: Philip Clark, Henry Earhart, Cvrus Sanders, George Paul, James Magruder, John Parrott, Matthew Tt;nE3-ck, Jabez Stevens, Benj. Ritter, Chas. Cartwright, M. B. Cline, Nathaniel Scales, J. Y. Stover, Benj. Swisher, James Tucker, John Morford, David Wilson, Bryan Dennis, Robert Lyon, Strawder DevauU, I. N. Sanders, John Fry, Sihon Hill, D. B. Cox, Carr Hartman, J. T. Robinson, Sylvester Coe, Samuel C. Cole, E. Lanning, Jno. P. McCune, J. Chamberlain, Matt Cochran, George Hartsock, Ichabod Kimball, S. J . Switzer, S.J. Hess, R. B. Sanders, E. Clark, Henry Gearkee, A. E. Swisher, Walter Terrill, Henry Walker, H. H: Kerr, J. J. Ressler, Thomas Hill, Allen Cloud, Peter Rohret, J. M. Douglass, Henry Medowell, Pres. Conelly, James Hartman, Charles Smith, A. H. Humphrey, •Isaac Smith, Chas. W. McCune, Edward Tudor, Phil Shaver, Horace Kimball, H. W. Lathrop, John Renshaw, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY 323 Henry Herring, Sylvanus Johnson, A. D. Packard, Jacob Ricord, Jacob Bowman, Jacob Gobin, Gottlieb Ressler, D. A. Shafer, Benj, Horner, E. W. Lucas, E. M. Adams, . Mordecai Cropper, George Andrews, Casper Dunkel, Charles Gavmon, Wm. Wolfe, H. W. Fyfte, J. G. Sperry, S. Henderson, M. Seydell, J. C. Hamilton, Mrs. McConnell, Mrs. Lydia Sweet, Mrs. TenEyck, Mrs. S. Johnson, Mrs. A. J. Bond, Mrs. Betsey Walker, Mrs. Mary Lyon, Wenzel Hummer, Mrs. E. Sutliff, S. J. Kirkwood, T.J. Cox, A. W. Palmer, Dr. T. P. Coulter, L. R. Wolfe, Dexter P. Smith, J. C. Crane, J. ^I. Seydell, Ben]. Owen, Mrs. E. Seehorn, Mrs. L. Bonham, Mrs. Dennis, Mrs. M. O. Coldren, Mrs. Tantlinger. CHAPTER v.— PART I. EARLY LAND TENURES. The "Claim Association" — Its Organization, Officers, Members, Mode of Operation, and Results. THE SQUATTER CLAIMS. On March 9, 1S39, an organization was formed known as the " Claim Association of Johnson County." The land had not yet been surveyed by the United States Government, hence there were no land titles except by common agreement among the settlers that each one should be pro- tected in his right to the "claim" or farm, which he had selected and built some sort of a habitation on for himself and family. In order to systema- tize this plan of inutual protection thev adopted a constitution or code of laws, which each one solemnly pledged himself to observe on his own part and assist in enforcing upon others. Without this thev could have no peace or security in their land claims. To give some idea of the nature and functions of this historic, but long ago defunct organization, a few extracts are here given from its rules: Article 1. — Section 2. The officers of this association shall be one president, one vice-president, one clerk or recorder of claims, deeds, or transfers of claims: seven judges or adjusters of claims or boundaries, one of w^hom shall be qualified to administer the oath or affirmation, and whose duty it shall be to attend all judicial courts of the association; and two marshals; all of whom shall be elected as hereinafter directed. The officers were to hold their seats for one year. The clerk was required to keep a record of all meetings; and also to record and preserve in writing a description of each member's claim, assignments, transfers, etc. Section 9, provides: The duties and powers of the judges or adjusters of claims shall be to decide in all questions of dispute relative to the rights of claims or parts of claims as the case may be, and settle all disputed lines 324 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. or boundaries between members of this association or members of this association and an}' other individuals, and make return in writing to the clerk, showing the manner all cases brought before them has been dis- posed of. Any five of the judges elect shall compose a court: and any three of such court agreeing in any case brought before them shall be a final decision in the case. No evidence shall be received, but such as is recognized by the laws of the territory as legal in common law, and all evi- dence shall be on oath or affirmation. The judges or adjusters shall be required previous to their entering on the duties of their office to apply to the president of the association for a certificate of election, and take an oath or affirmation that they will well and truly discharge the duties of their office without fear, favor or affection, to the best of their abilities. Section lo. The marshals shall be elected as other officers and their term of office shall commence and expire as other officers of this associa- tion ; and their duties shall be to serve all processes that may be handed them and make return thereof as directed, and to enforce all decisions of the judicial court, and all other laws of the association; and thev shall have full power to demand the assistance of a sufficient number of the members of this association, if they find it necessary to carry all decisions and laws into effect. Article 2, provides, for the salaries of officers, which consisted of certain fees varying according to the kind of service rendered. Article Z— Section 1. All members of the association shall be required, in making claims, to stake them off or blaze them in such man- ner that the lines of such claims can be easily traced or followed, and all claims thus made, in order to be respected, must be entered on record, and there as fully and accurately described as practicable, giving the names of the creek, river, or branch, where such shall be the boundaries on any side, and when bounded by other claims, give the owner's name of such claims, if known, and when the lands have been surveyed they shall be required to give the range, township, and quarter section, as is customary in describing surveyed lands. And further, persons making claims shall be required to put the initials of their names either on a tree or stake at' each corner of their claims. No person shall hold more than 480 acres, or three quarter sections of land, by making claim thereto, and this quantity shall in all cases be recognized and constituted a claim, let the same lie in a body or detached parcels; ^r<7W, 1843, at the house of S. B. Trotter. T. B. Clark was chairman, and A. J. Kirkpat- rick, secretary. John Smith, James Buchanan, D. D. Smith, Elza Singer and A. Sells were appointed a committee on claims, "whose decision shall be. decisive," it was voted. Warren Spurrier, Jesse B. McGrew, and Wm. Smith were a committee on resolutions. Money matters were extremely tight; few of the settlers could raise the money right away to pay for their claims. President Tyler had been petitioned to postpone the 328 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. land sales here, so as to give them a little time to gather up money enough. It is not likely that President Tyler himself ever saw or heard of the petition, but any wav it was not granted, and they resolved that "we have humbly petitioned the president for a short postponement of the land sales, which has been despotically refused." Resolved, That we will mutually protect each other at the ensuing land sales, in sustaining our rights, whtther the claimants have money to pur- chase the same or not. Another resolve, that meant business, was this: Resolved, That any person who does purchase another's claim without ampl}- compensating him for all his labor deserves to be published in ever}^ newspaper throughout this territory, and should be held in everlast- ing contempt by all good men, and is no better than a horse thief or high way robber. This last sentence was a clincher to the whole, and is, in fact, the key to the situation. But the settlers stood so well together on this matter that they never had but one, or perhaps two, cases that required them to talk blood; and even those were finally settled without any crimson trag- edy. The rising generation knows nothing about such a state of society or of land tenure as could possibly give rise to an organization like the one above noted. But it was the beginning of farm life and of freeliold ten- ure in Johnson county, and has a deep historic interest. Newhall's "Sketches of Iowa," published in 1841, gives a very clear account of vari- ous steps and proceedings connected with land entries, land claims, etc., at that time, and from it we quote: FORM OF THE PRE-EMPTION OATH FOR ENTERING TWO FORTIES. Non-residents can enter but one tract in as small a quantity 2Ls/orty acres. But actual settlers can enter tzuo "forties," by taking the following oath, to-wit: "I (or we) do solemnly swear (or affirm) that the land above described is intended to be entered for my (or our) personal benefit, and not in trust for another, and that the same is intended for the purposes of cultivation (or as the case may be) for the use of my (or our) improve- ment, situated on the of section No. — , of township No. — , of range No. — , and that I (or we) have not entered under the act of 5th of April, 1832, or under the act of the -Sd of March, 1833, at this, or at any land-office in the United States of America, any land in quarter-quarter sections (40 acres) in my (or our) name, or in the name of anv other per- son." GOVERNMENT MARKS UPON THE PUBLIC LANDS. Government marks upon the public land, will be found in the timber by a blaze in the tree, denoting tlie number of the quarter in burnt initials. The term blaze signifies one side of the tree which is hewed out for the purpose of a distinct mark. In the prairies, stakes are set, defining each township and quarter-sec- tion, ranges, etc.; consequently the traveler or stranger, if he has a mem- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY, 329 orandum of the numbers he wishes to select, will have no difficulty in find- ing them.* MODE OF CLAIM-MAKING. This may be considered a mode of settlement peculiar to that portion of the public domain which is occupied prior to its being surveyed by the general government. B}^ mutual concession and an honorable adherence to neighborhood regulations, it has become a "pro tem" law, answering the purposes of general protection for the home of the settler until his land comes into market. So general has this usage become, and so united are the interests of the settlers, that it would be deemed extremely haz- ardous, as well as highly dishonorable, for a speculator or stranger to bid upon their "claims," even though they were not protected in a "pre-emp- tion right." It being clearly understood what improvement constitutes a "claim," and the settler conforming to the requisitions of the "by-lawS" of his neighborhood, or township, it is just as much respected iox the time being, as if the occupant had a government patent for it. For instance, an emigrant comes into the country, he looks from county to county for a location. After having pleaded himself, he says "I will make an improve- ment." He breaks five acres of grotind, which holds his claim for six months; or he builds a cabin eight logs high with a roof, which is equiv- alent to the ploughing, and holds it six months longer. He then stakes out his half section of land, being a full "claim," generally one quarter timber and one quarter prairie; and thus his home is secure from the tres- pass of anyone. If he choose to sell his "claim" he is at perfect Hberty to do so, and the purchaser succeeds to all the rights and immunities of the first settler. As an evidence of the respect in which these "claim rights" are held by the people of Iowa, I will here quote an act of the legislative council of the territory, passed January 15, 1839, entitled: "An Act to Provide for the Collection of Demands Growing out of Con- tracts for Sales of Improvements on Public Lands. "Be it enacted, That all contracts, promises, assumpsits, or undertak- ings, either written or verbal, which shall be made hereafter in good faith and without fraud, collusion, or circumvention, for sale, purchase, or pay- ment of improvements made on the lands owned by the government of the United States, shall be deemed valid in law or equity, and may be sued for and recovered as in other contracts. "That all deeds of quit-claim, or other conveyance of all improvements upon public lands, shall be as binding and effectual, in law and equity, between the parties, for conveying the title of grantor in and to the same, as in cases where the grantor has the fee simple to the premises con- veyed." Perhaps no country has ever exhibited a spectacle like Iowa, previous to the public land coming into market, where a social compact has been formed so strong, or the spirit of' its requirements so strongly adhered to. TOWNSHIP REGULATIONS PREVIOUS TO THE LAND BEING BROUGHT INTO MARKET. In order to prevent unpleasant litigation, and to keep up a spirit of har- mony amongst neighbors, and the better to protect them in their equitable rights of "claim" purchase, each township has its own organization gener- *In many of the old surveyed portions of Illinois, those numbers have become obliterated by time and storm. 330 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. ally throughout the territory, and announces by public notice a "call meet- ing," thus: The citizens of township seventy-two north, range five west, are requested to meet at 'Squire B 's. Hickory Grove, (or as the place and time may be) to adopt the necessary measures for securing their homes at the approaching land sales at B or D ." After a shori preamble and set of resolutions suited to the occasion, a "register" is appointed, whose duty it shall be to record the name of each claimant to his respec- tive "claim." A bidder is also appointed, whose duty it shall be, on the day of sale, to bid off all the land previously registered in the name of each respective claimant. These associations are formed mutually, to sustain and protect each other in their claim-rights. Thus, everything moves along at the land sales with the harmony and regularit}^ of clock-work; and should any one present be found bidding over the minimum price ($1.25,) on land registered in the township book, woe be unto him. Although "claim law" is no law derived from the United States, or from the statute book of the territory, yet it nevertheless is the law, made by and derived from the sovereigns themselves and its mandates are impera- tive. When any controversy arises between t^o neighbors relative to tres- passing, (in common parlance) "jumping a**claim," it is arbitrated by a committee appointed for that purpose, and their decision is considered final. I doubt not but many a veteran farmer of Iowa, when passed into the "sear and yellow leaf" of age, will look back to by-gone years, (should these pages chance to meet his view,) and relate by the fireside ol afflu- ence and plenty, to his children, and perhaps his children's children, the trying times encountered in the early days of " claim making." SKETCH OF A LAND SALE. The great mass of people east of the Alleghanies, I apprehend, have but little idea of a western land sale. Many are the ominous indications of its approach among the "settlers." Every dollar is sacredly treasured up. The precious " mint drops " take to themselves wings, and fly away from the merchant's till to the farmer's cupboard. Times are dull in the towns; for the settler's home is dearer and szveeter than the merchant's sugar and coffee. At length the wished-for day arrives. The suburbs of the town present the scene of a military camp. The settlers have flocked from far and near. The hotels are thronged to overflowing. Bar-rooms, dining-rooms, and wagons, are metamorphosed into bed-rooms. Dinners are eaten from a table or a stump; and thirst is quenched from a bar or from a brook. The sale being announced from the land office, the township bidder stands near by with the registry book in his hand, and each settler's name attached to his respective quarter or half section, and thus he bids off in the name of the whole township for each respective claimant. A thousand settlers are standing by, eagerly listening when their quarter shall be called ofl. The crier has passed the well known number. His home is secure. He feels relieved. The litigation of " claim jumping " is over forever. He is lord of the soil. With an inde- pendent step he walks into the land office, opens the time-w^orn saddle- bags, and counts out the v$200 or $400, silver and gold, takes his certifi- cate from the general government, and goes his way rejoicing. Such a scene have I witnessed, which continued for three successive weeks, in which time nearly half a million of money was taken from the actual settlers of Iowa. It is an interesting sight to witness thousands of HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 331 our fellow-beings, who, having planted themselves in a new country, are patiently waiting for the hour to arrive when they can buy the homes and the land from which they earn their bread — when they can say in truth, this is my own " vine and fig tree." These are the embryo scenes conse- quent in commencing the settlement of this new country; occurrences that, to the uninformed European, would seem incomprehensible; but the commencing landmarks which have marked the progress of the western pioneer, who, but as yesterday, verging upon the forests of Ohio and Kentucky, is now beyond the western shore of the Mississippi; and still his adventurous spirit looks onward, until nought shall remain save the boundless expanse of the vast Pacific. CHAPTER v.— PART 2. Agriculture — Live Stock Interests — Horticulture— Land Values — Birds, Bees, etc. The various items given under the above sub-divisions are arranged so far as practicable in their order of time, or by successive years, instead of lumping them together by subjects. We have aimed to pursue the his- torical method, rather than the strictly topical. THE JOHNSON COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY . This society was organized April 9, 1853, and has maintained its organization intact ever since. From the official records we copy the fol- lowing points of general public interest: We, whose names are hereunto subscribed, have associated ourselves, and with such as may become hereafter associated,, as a body corporate and politic with perpetual succession, by the style of the Johnson County Agricultural and Mechanical Society, in subordination to the laws of Iowa and to the articles of the association, which are hereafter attached. Witness our hands at Iowa Citv, April 9, 1853. S. H. Bonham, Easton Morris, J. M. Coleman, John McCadden, W. H. White, W. H. Woods, Edward Connelly, Legrand Byington, Isaac V. Dennis, Ezekiel Clark, Joseph Beauter, E. W. Lucas, F. H. Lee, Robert Walker. The following articles show its object and basis of membership: Article i. This association shall be called the Johnson County Agri- cultural and Mechanical Society. Its object shall De the advancement of the interests of agriculture and horticulture in all their departments. Article 2. The payment of one dollar annually shall entitle any per- son to all the privileges of membership, and the payment of five dollars, to an honorary membership for life. In 1857, Legrand Byington, Esq., wrote for the State Agricultural Soci- ety a sketch of the early history of this Johnson county society, and we quote a few points from Mr. Byington's paper: "The constitution, as adopted and subsequently amended, together with the foregoing act of association, was recorded in the county records, in book 10, page 286, and the following officers were forthwith elected to serve until the first annual meeting in October, 1853, viz: 332 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. President, Smiley H. Bonham. Vice-presidents, Samuel H. McCrory, Joseph Beauter. Secretar}', Edward Connelly. Treasurer, John M. Coleman. Executive committee: Le(]^rand Byini^ton, Elisha Pearson, James Cav- anaorh, Easton Morris, Ezekiel Clark, Richard Burge, Isaac V. Dennis, W. H. White. These officers, under the designation of "Board of Managers," are charged with the entire management of the affairs of the society, and are invested with plenary powers in the premises. They are elected on the second Tuesday of October, annually, but hold over in case of any failure to elect at the appointed time. 'our first county fair. In the month of June, following this organization, a meeting of the board was called, for the purpose of inaugurating the first fair and exhi- bition of our infant society. Less than a quorum responded to the call, and we were perplexed with apprehensions of failure. The experiment was renewed, and with the same lack of attendance. Our ever active friends. Dr. White and General Morris, were on hand, however, and we assumed the responsibility of going ahead at all hazards. With less than ten dol- lars in the treasuiy, and sorry prospects for more, hampered for a time, we named a day and place for the fair, prepared a premium Hst of one hundred and thirty awards, arranged in eleven classes, and requiring, besides expenses, an expenditure of three hundred and fiftv-four dollars, and appointed all the judges of the exhibition. Preliminaries thus arranged, we presented them to the people of the county, by circular, and anxiously awaited the result. The dav of the fair proved to be pleasant, and, although the time of preparation had been short, several thousand people assembled to enjoy the/g/^, and made up an exhibition w^hich surpassed our expectations, and was every way creditable to the county. Our receipts, from all sources, were $8S0, and the premiums and expenses paid, amounting to $372, leav^ing a small 'balance of eight dollars in favor of the experiment. No thoroughbred cattle or horses were then owned within the county, but there was a good show of grades and natives; and the principal premiums awarded in these classes, were given to Messrs. Richard Burge, Frank- lin Kimball, Thomas Lindley, F. H. Hempstead, Isaac Bowen, Mathew TenEyck, John Parrott, N. Winterstein, C. B. Wray, Edward Connelly. OFFICERS FOR 18.53. At the regular annual meeting of the society, held in pursuance of the charter, and of public notice, at the office of E. Connelly, in Iowa City, on the second Tuesday of October, 1853, P. D. Turner, Esq., acting as pres- dent, and E. Connelly, secretary, the following proceedings were had, viz: Article 3 of the charter was so amended as to make the executive com- mittee consist of fourteen members, to be apportioned as follows: three HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 333 for Iowa City township, and one for each of the remaining townships of the county, and the office of corresponding secretary was added to the board. An election was then held for officers of the society for the ensu- ing year, which resulted in the election of the following persons, to-wit: President, Samuel H. McCror3\ Vice-presidents, P. D. Turner, H. H, Winchester. Rec. secretary, F. Connelly. Cor. secretary, W. H. Fyffe. Treasurer, Legrand Byington. Executive committee, H. W. White, J. H. Morehead, Franklin Kimball, M. TenE3-ck, Richard Burge, Bryan Dennis, Nicholas Winterstein, E. K. Morse, Ebenezer Adams, W. B. Ford, M. F. Suavely, A. D. Packard, John D. Able, James Cavanagh. '"On motion, ordered that the above named officers enter upon the discharge of their respective offices from and after the loth of October, 1853. E. Connelly, Secretary. This boaro of officers met, in pursuance of notice, at the secretary's office, Iowa City, on the 20th of May, 1854, when the following proceed- ings were had, viz.: 1. Resolved, That the second annual fair of the Johnson County Agricultural and Mechanical Societ}- be held, under the direction of the board of managers, at Iowa Citv, on the 26th and 27th of September, 1854. 2. Resolved, That a committee, consisting of Messrs. Morehead, Morse, and Byington, be appointed, whose duty it shall be to prepare, and after its ratification, cause to be published, a premium list for said fair. 3. Resolved, That a committee, consisting of Messrs. F. Kimball, White, F3'ffe, and Morehead, be appointed, whose duty it shall be to obtain and prepare suitable grounds for said fair, and that said committee be authorized, in their discretion, to make said provision a permanent arrangement for the accommodation of this society, if it can be done with- out involving this society beyond its available means. 4. Resolved, That the committee first above named, be instructed to report said premium list for revision or adoption to an adjourned meeeting of this board, to be held at E. Connelly's office, in Iowa City, at 1 o'clock Saturday, June 3, 1854, at which time and place the several awarding committees will be appointed. 5. Resolved, That the corresponding secretary be instructed to serve upon each member of the board of managers a written notice, and request them to be present at the meeting on the 3d of June. 6. Resolved, That a committee, consisting of Messrs. White, McCrory and Fyfte, be appointed to procure a suitable person to deliver an address at said fair. The committee on premium lists, etc., were prompt in the discharge of their duties, and on the 3d of June, published to the people a list of pre- miums much more extensive than that of the preceding year, embracing nineteen classes and accompanied by the usual address. 334: HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. As on the previous occasion, we were favored with pleasant weather during the second exhibition, and were all gratified in the assurance that the show was very much superior to that of the preceding year. The receipts, from all sources were $518, and the premiums and expenses all paid amounted to $540.80, creating a deficit of $22.80, which was promptly advanced by the treasurer on the credit of the society. In cattle and horses, especially, there was a very marked improvement, the princi- pal prizes on which were well contested, and fell to Messrs. Thomas Lind- ley, Richard Burge, Franklin Kimball, Legrand Byington, Joseph Yoa- kum, I. V. Dennis, Lindley Abel, Philip Pitt, John Huss, N. Winterstein, A. C. Dennison, F. W. Hempstead, Moses Adams, Robert Walker, Jno. C. Burge, J. H. Morehead. Invitations to deliver an address before the society, had been succes- sively tendered to Messrs. George Green, of Cedar Rapids; James Grant and Hiram Price, of Davenport; and James W. Grimes, of Burlington; but the pre-existing engagements of these gentlemen did not permit either of them to accept. Although meeting, on this occasion, the full measure of anticipated suc- cess, it had been found that it required such active and unremitting exer- tion, in the way of personal solicitation, if not outright dunning^ to collect a sufficiency of membership fees to sustain our expenditures upon the liberal scale which was deemed essential, that the society was in danger of dissolution from over-working a few of its most active members. Some more permanent and accessible source of revenue seemed indispensable. Accordingly, at a business meeting of the society held on the evening of the first day of this fair, the subject of our pecuniary prospects, among others, was under discussion, and resulted in the following action, viz: On motion of Mr. Byington: Resolved, that this society will memorial- ize the next General Assembly of Iowa to pass an act authorizing the county judge of Johnson county to set apart, annually, a per centage of the poll tax of the county, as a fund for the use of this society, to be expended for the improvement, within said county, of agriculture and the mechanic arts. Resolved, that a committee of five active friends of the cause in each township, be appointed by the chair, at our to-morrow's meeting, to circu- late a similar petition for signatures throughout the county. Resolved, that the secretary be instructed to procure the printing of such petitions, and cause them to be apportioned amongst said committee- men. Some conversation was had about recommending the organization of a company for the importation of first-class thorough-bred stock from the Eastern States, but no definite action was taken thereon. In accordance with these resolutions, petitions were circulated and signed, and at the ensuing session of the general assembly we had the sat- isfaction of seeing a bill, which we had prepared, pass into law, without serious opposition, in the following form, viz: HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 335 An act to encourage agriculture and the mechanic arts in Johnson county. " Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the general assembly of the state of Iowa, That on the first day of April, in each year, the county judge of Johnson county, shall draw an order upon the treasurer of said county, in favor of the Johnson County Agricultural and Mechanical Societ_y, for a sum equal to thirty-three and one-third percentum, upon the amount of the personal poll tax which may have been levied in said county for the preceding year, and it shall be the duty of said treasurer, on the presentation of such order, to pay the amount thereof, in money, to the financial officer of said society, to be expended by said society in the improvement of agriculture and the mechanic arts w^ithin said county. Sec 2. That to secure a faithful application of said money to the objects hereinbefore stated, the officers of said society shall annually hold a county fair, and cause to be prepared a list of premiums to the farmers and citizens of said county, at least equal m amount to the payment from the county treasury for the current year; a copy of which shall be left with the county judge, and be preserved at his office. Sec 3. That if, from any cause, said society fails to hold their fair, or to file such list with the county judge, he shall with hold all subsequent orders until the requirements of the foregoing section have been complied with. Sec 4. This act may take effect by publication in the lozva Capital Reporter and Republican, provided, said society shall pay the expense, if any, of such publication. . Approved Jan. 20, 1855. I certify that the foregoing act was published in the lozva Capital Reporter and Republican, on the 31st day of January, 1855. G. W. McCleary, Sec'y of State. Immediately after the fair of 1854, the writer of this repaired to the state of Ohio, on a visit, and, while there, had the pleasure of attending the great exhibitions of the state society, at Newark, and of the United States society, at Springfield, at both of which he purchased stock for importation into Iowa. Returning, after an absence of six weeks, it was found that there had been a failure to elect officers of our society for 1855, at the time fixed by the constitution. A special meeting was therefore called, at my instance, for the sixth of January, 1855, from the record of which I extract as follows: " Ordered, That article third of the constitution be so amended that the officers hereafter chosen hold their offices for the terms for which they may have been elected, and until their successors are elected and quali- fied. The following named officers were then duly elected and qualified for the year 1855, viz: President — John Parrott. Vice Presidents — Nicholas Winterstein, John S. Burge. Secretary — William E. Miller.* *Wiiliam E. Miller has since been chief justice of the surpeme court of Iowa; is author of the official annotated code of Iowa, and is now professor of jurisdiction and practice in federal courts, in the law department of Drake University, at Des Moines. 336 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Corresponding Seci ctary — W. H. White. Treasurer — Legrand Byington. Executive Committee — Franklin Kimball, William Sterrett, Thomas Rigg, James Cavanagh, John Smallay, Edward Carson, Thomas Lind- ley, James McGruder, James L. Kister, Joseph Beauter, Henry Dupont, D. A. Shaffer, A. H. Humphrey and Thomas Hill. FAIR OF 1855. At a meeting of the board of managers, held at the secretary's office, on the 16th day of June, 1855, initiatory steps were taken for the fair of that year, and among other proceedings it was Ordered, That Dr. Jesse Bowen be appointed a member of the board of managers, for Iowa City township, in place of William Sterrett, resigned. Ordered, That the third annual fair be held at the Capitol Square, in Iowa City, on the third day of October, 1855. Ordered, That a committee, consisting of Messrs. F. Kimball, Jesse Bowen and Thomas Snyder, be appointed to prepare the ground for said fair. . ■ Ordered, That 2,000 handbill copies of our premium list and regulations for said fair be pubUshed, under the supervision of a committee, consisting of Legrand Byington, S. H. McCrory and W. H. White. N. WiNTERSTEiN, Acting President. W. E. Miller, Secretary. In pursuance of this order, a list of premiums was made up, much more extensive, in the number and amount of its awards, than either of its pre- decessors, and extensively published throughout the county. Again we were highly favored by the elements, and a beautiful day smiled upon the happy thousands who graced the fair with their presence* The competition in stock was again close, and, for a time, some slight dissatisfaction was evinced by exhibitors of improved cattle, because the judges took for their guide, in making up their opinions of individual ani- mals, the points of excellence adopted by the New York state society, instead of the amount of tallow carried by the animal. The awards were, however, acquiesced in with cheerfulness, and the winners of the principal prizes on cattle and horses were Messrs. Franklin Kimball, Legrand Byington, N. Winterstein, W. H. White, D. P. Greeley, James McGruder, Moses Adams, Oliver Thomas, Thomas Lindley, Jno. Parrott, Mathew TenEyck, Nathaniel Scales, F. H. Hempstead, W. H. Woods, J. W. McCadden and R. S. Tucker. Receipts from all sources $663.64 Premiums and expenses paid 685.64 Deficit for the year $ 22.00 which was advanced by the treasurer, on the credit of the society. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 337 FIRST STEPS FOR A FAIR GROUND. It was informally suggested, at the close of the exhibition of 1855, that the winners of prizes should donate the amounts of their premiums for the purpose of accumulating a fund wherewith to procure permanent fair grounds. Accordingly, with a view of testing, immediately, the prac- ticab lity of the project, I accompanied the publication of the awards of that year, with the following card: To the Board of Managers of the 'Johnson County Agricultural and Mcc/ianical Society. Gentlemen: By the foregoing list, it will appear that I received quite a number of the prizes distributed at your late fair. With me, the chief value of these premiums consist in the fact of their having been awarded to ine\ and as our society now needs, or will shortly need, funds for the purchase and decoration of a permanent fair ground, I take pleasure in hereby donating the entire amount of my premiums (forty-six dollars), as the foundation of a fund to be expended, when sufficient, in such purchase and decoration. Truly and fraternally, yours, Legrand Byington. Shortly afterwards, Mr. Kimball sent in the following for publication, viz: A card. To the Board of Managers of the fohnson County Agricultural and Mechanical Society. Gentlemen: At the last annual fair of your society, I received fifty- three dollar as premiums awarded by different committees. The obtain- ing of the awards, and thereby creating a general rivalry among farmers and mechanics, in raising the best stock, cultivating the best qualities of grain, and adopting the best improvements in mechanism, rather than the possession of these awards, has been the object I have had in view in becoming a member of your society and taking part in its deliberations. My most ardent desire in regard to it, is to see it established on a firm foundation, and increasing in members, strength and usefulness, from year to 3'ear. To this end 1 deem it necessary that a lot for a fair ground be obtained at an early day, and, for that purpose, I hereby donate to you the amount received by me for premiums, to be devoted exclusively to that purpose. Yours Truly, F. Kimball. Nothing further from this source having been realized, and the hope- lessness of the plan being apparent, the society, at its annual meeting in October, 1856, on motion of Dr. Bowen, Resolved, That each member of the executive committee of the Johnson Countv Agricultural and Mechanical Society be furnished with a petition to solicit the county judge to submit the question to a vote of the electors of the count}^ of subscribing $5,000 for the purpose of purchasing agricul- tural and mechanical fair grounds, and improving the same, and that a committee be appointed for the purpose of conferring with the county judge, and preparing said petition. Committee — Legrand Byington, Ezekiel Clark, and Jesse Bowen. 338 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. FAIR OF 1856. "The fair for 1856 was fixed on the 2d day of October, at the usual place. In the enumeration of articles, the premium list was nearly a copy of that of the preceding year, embracing 428 prizes, arranged in twenty classes; but the sums to be awarded in each class were very considerably increased, and amounted, in the aggregate, to nine hundred and twenty- eight dollars. For the purpose of comparison, I attach an abstract of the classes, and the amount appropriated to each, as follows: Class. Articles. No. of Prizes. Amount 1 Farms, fences, orchards, etc 21 $87 2 Field crops, etc 28 79 3 Vegetables 21 30 4 Seeds 15 30 5 Pure Durham cattle 14 33 6 Pure Devons 14 33 7 Pure Herefords 14 33 8 Grades 14 33 9 Native cattle 14 33 10 Work cattle and beeves 10 44 11 Sweepstakes (any breed) 4 35 12 Thoroughbred horses 16 40 13 Other horses 26 67 14 Jacks, mules, etc 13 37 15 Swine 12 37 16 Sheep (fine and coarse wool) 20 64 17 Pouhry 8 11 18 Farm implements, etc 22 47 19 Mechanical fabrics 67 85 20 Household manufactures 70 ....... 70 Total 423 $928 Besides these, there was provision made for discretionary awards, for articles not specified, requiring probably sufficient to swell the list to a grand total of a thousand dollars. The interest manifested was great, the attendance large, and the com- petition, in most of the classes, spirited. The show of cattle, horses, veget- ables, etc., was very beautiful, and much superior to any previously seen in the county. Here and there an individual occasionally dissented from the awards of the judges, but, as a whole, the exhibition was eminently creditable and satisfactory. The principal winners of prizes are annexed: Winner. No. of Prizes. Amount. Jacob Zeller 2 $23 Samuel Miller 5 12 John I. Burge 12 47 Legrand Byington 23 66 Thomas Lindley 11 38 Isaac Bowen 2 11 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 339 Winner. No. of Prizes. Amount. S. H. McCrory 4 17 N. Winterstein 4 17 F.Kimball 8 26 Receipts from all sources $776.16 Premiums, expenses and deficit 749.00 Balance $27.16 The following table shows the rate per cent of increase in the county, and likewise in the business of the agricultural society, for a period which includes the years 1853-54-55-56: INCREASE — COUNTY. 28 per cent per annum, in population. 43 " " " taxable property. 49 " " " live stock. 45 " " " taxation. INCREASE — AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 10 per cent per annum, in members of the society. 41 " " " number of premiums. 25 " " " amount of premiums. 28 « " " receipts. 28 " " " expenditures. These certainl}' are ver}- rapid strides in the great march of improve- ment; and if we could, by possibilit}', maintain this ratio of increase for ten years next ensuing, this beautiful county of Johnson, in the year 1867 would count a population of 140,000 people — having live stock of the value of $15,000,000— owning a taxable property of $181,000,000— on which would be levied taxes to the extent (exclusive of school house and corporation taxes) of $1,800,000 — having an agricultural society number- ing 1684 members — competing in a premium list of 8,700 prizes, and receiving a revenue and paying premiums to the aggregate amount of $8,457. The year 1859 Charles A. Vogt reported: "The seventh annual fair of the Johnson County Agricultural and Me- chanical Society, was held on Thursday and Friday, September 15 and 16, 1859. "The number of entries this vear was not as large as last year, but it was observed by everybody that the articles on exhibition, either of stock or produce, were far superior to any fair we have held in this county. Num- ber of entries were as follows: "Fruits, vegetables and seeds, 107: Durham cattle, 1 1; Devon cattle, 15; grade cattle, 18; blooded horses, 15; common horses, 39; jacks and mules, 8; swine, 10; sheep, 10; mechanical department, 19; domestic manufac- tures, 56, etc., etc. Aggregate number, 343. "The society owns a 25 acre lot about half a mile south of Iowa Cit}-, on 340 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. the west side of the Iowa river, of which about 20 acres are fenced with a substantial board fence eight feet high. On this lot the society is now in debt $800." In 1860 the county fair was held September 27 and 28. And on Octo- ber 2, 3, 4, and 5, the State fair was held on the same ground. Some items of Johnson county crops this year are worthy of remembrance. The report says the wheat averaged from 25 to 33 bushels per acre — Canada Club, Tea and Fyf!e varieties. Corn — J. I. Burge raised 112 bushels per acre, of Yellow Dent corn. S. H. McCrory, John McCadden and John I. Burge are all reported as having raised Osage orange hedges success- fully. AGRICULTURE AND WAR — 1861. The report for Johnson county this year is a condensation of many vol- umes in a single line. It reads: '■'■JVofair. Ground occupied for military purposes^ What a world of historic and mighty memories that brief line suggests — of a strugle that shines immortal in the galaxy of time, where jus- tice triumphed over tyranny, brutality and wrong. The 10th Iowa Infan- try was encamped on the ground at the time the county fair should have been held, but left for the front in time for the State fair to be held on the ground. We copy from the Iowa City Republicaii's report some points of permanent historic interest: "In our description of the last State fair [to which brief history was awarded the first premium for 'the best and most complete history and report of the fair in any daily, weekly, or monthly newspaper in Iowa], we gave a somewhat extended sketch of the rise and advancement of our State Agricultural Society, which we will here briefly recapitulate. "Dr. J. M. Shaffer, of Jeflerson county, and Judge T. W. Claggett, of Lee count}^, took the initial steps toward instituting the society. Previ- ous to the meeting of the legislature of 1856-7, but one thousand dollars had been appropriated to advance the interests of the association. At and since that session, pecuniary provision for its maintenance to the amount of two thousand dollars annually has been made by the legisla- ture. " The third and fourth fairs were held at Muscatine, the fifth and sixth at Oskaloosa, and last year, the seventh, and now the eighth, at Iowa City. These fairs have all been successes. We make no exception in this affirmation against the fair just closed, although the Davenport Dem- ocrat and News very magnanimously pronounced it a failure in advance — thus, to the extent of its narrow influence and limited circulation, doing what it could to prevent the attendance of persons from the eastern por- tion of the state. " Since the administration of Judge Claggett, the society's first presi- dent, the following gentlemen have been honored with the distinction of being its chief executive officer: Gen. Jesse Bowen, of Iowa City, for HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 341 the year 185S; Z. T. Fisher, Esq., 1859; and Judge Geo. G. Wright, the present accomplished president, for the years 18(30 and 1>^61. In 1856, Capt. J. H. Wallace, of Muscatine, the present gentlemanly and efficient secretary, was elected to the office he now holds, and has fulfilled its mani- fold and difficult duties with such high satisfaction to the association and the public that he has been retained in the position ever since by annual re-election. " The citizen or stranger, whether lady fair, or belonging to the mascu- line persuasion, who, week before last, led by curiosity, the promptings of friendship or affection, or the stern decrees of a ' militar}^ necessity, visited Camp Fremont, and witnessed the camp fires smouldering in the ditch, the drill by squad, by company, or by battalion, heard the fife's shrill sound, and saw the drum chastised, noted the steady tramp of the guard, or in short, remarked in any way the martial surroundings incident to the encampment of a thousand brave and gallant men-at-arms, could scarcely realize, on re-visiting the ground on Tuesday of last week, that it was one and the same place — so changed was the scene. Camp Fre- mont, with all its, ' pomp and circumstance of war,' had suddenh^ as by the enchanter's wand, been transformed into and wore the peaceful agricultural aspects of the Johnson county fair grounds — the seat of the eighth annual exhibition of the Iowa State Agricultural Society. The martial airs had died away, and the word of command and the countersign had given place to the bleating of sheep and the lowing of kine, and the gallant fel- lows of the 10th regiment, who had impressed upon the green plain of the fair ground the charm and romance of a military history, were then hurr3'ing with cheers and hurrahs to the succor of their valiant com- patriots in arms in Missouri. But, alas! the order which brought joy to them also carried disappointment to many a heart of sweetheart, wife or friend who had been looking forward with fond expectation to sweet re-union at the opening of the state fair, but had now determined to forego the minor pleasure of visiting the fair, or avert the pain such pleasure would bring unshared with the absent and loved. So the state fair has k)st many a visitor who intended to execute two specimens of the feath- ered tribe with a single boulder, b}' visiting a brother, son, father, or friend, or one who stood in more distant yet dearer relationship, at Camp Fremont and the state fair at the same time. FIRST DAY. " The local committee deserves much praise for the energetic manner in which they changed the character and appearance of the ground from a camp to a fair. It was only on the Friday afternoon previous that the Tenth regiment received their tents, and were enabled to leave the sheds. Yet now, on Tuesday morning, in little more than three days, everything is right side up. The president, secretary, marshals, and an efficient 22 342 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. police — the latter composed chiefly of members of the immortal company B, of Iowa's First Volunteer Regiment — were early on the ground. " During Tuesday the time was spent in receiving entries, which were more numerous than last year, and in re-organizing the committees, sub- stituting new names for those of absentees. The number of instances ■where friends answered for absent ones as their names were called, that thev had ' gone to the war,' showed that the professions of arms and agriculture were by no means incompatible." In 1862 and '63 it does not appear that any fair was held, probably owing to the all-absorbing interest and vital necessities of the war business. In 186i Thomas C. Carson reported: "The tenth annual fair of John- son County Agricultural and Mechanical Society was held October 4, 5, 6, and 7, near Iowa Cit}^, on grounds of twenty-five acres, well fenced with tight board fence, and otherwise in good repair, all of which belongs to the societ}^ and is free of debt. It commenced raining October 3d, the dav previous to the opening of the fair, and rained more or less €verv day during the holding of the same. It was cold and disagreeable, with bad roads. Every thing tended to dampen all prospects of success, though notwithstanding all this there was a fair turn out, and evervthing passed off as pleasanth' as possible, taking all things into consideration. There were two hundred and thirty entries made." At the regular meeting of the Johnson County Agricultural Societ}^ held at the court house, Monday, November Y, 1864, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year: J. H. Westenhaver, president; Francis Barnes, vice-president; O. B. Barrows, vice-president; Thos. C. Carson, secretary; Frank Bowman, treasurer. Executive Committee. — Washington township, Elias Howell; Union township, E. W. Manville; Scott township, John Parrott; Newport town- ship, Chas. Gaymon: Iowa City, I. V. Dennis, Iowa City, Cyrus Sanders; Iowa City, Edward Carson; Monroe townsliip, N. Winterstein; Jefferson township, Jacob Shuey; Clear Creek, Bryan Dennis; Big Grove town- ship, Chas McCune; Penn township, Cyrus Abbott; Graham township, J. P. Coulter: Madison township, Jas. Chamberlain; Cedar township, Moses Adams; Oxford township, Lewis Doty; Sharon township, Chas. Cartright; Fremont township, Jacob Stonebraker; Hardin township, A. D. Packard; Liberty township, Jonas Hartman. Committee in charge of fair ground — E. C. Lee. On motion, the meeting adjourned to meet again for regular business at the court house, Saturday, January 28, 1865, at 1 o'clock p. m. J. H. Westenhaver, President. Thos. C. Carson, Secretary, In 1868 a report was made by L. E. Paine, secretary of the county HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 343 society, but it contmned no points worth preserving. The report for 1869 was very meager, and no name to show who furnished it. For the year 1870, H. W. FyfTe, of Iowa City, made the report for Johnson county, giving among other things three full pages in small print of elaborate and exhaustive statistical tables. When Mr. Fyfte makes a report it gets down to bed rock. We select a few paragraphs, which have a permanent historic interest as showing certain facts and conditions of special industries at that time: "^/rt.v. — ^At least ten per cent more raised, and of much better qualitv, both of seed and lint, than last year. It is a paying crop, the seed bring- ing $1.P)0 per bushel, and the lint from $5.00 to $8.00 per ton. The flax mill worked two hundred and fifty tons of straw into lint in six months, which was shipfied to St. Louis. Average yield of seed per acre, eleven bushels, at $1.60 per bushel, straw $7.00 per ton, equals $2i.60 per acre. '■''Hogs are attracting considerable attention. There are many late importations of Chester Whites, Bytields, Magee, Berkshires and Cheshires; the latter crossed on the Chester White, is receiving consider- able favor. '■'■ Manufactories. — Iowa City is the principal market, and has a popula- tion ot over eight thousand. In the vicinit}^ are six fiouring mills, four of which are run by steam, and two by water power; one paper mill, two woolen mills, one linseed oil mill, one flax mill, one foundery, two machine shops, two planing mills, one pump manufactory, and one reaper manu- factory, all doing a flourishing business. "About one hundred acres are planted in grapes. The Concord, owing to its rapid growth, hardiness, and good quality, is considered the best. About ninety per cent is planted with it; the rest in Catawba, Isabella, Delaware, Rogers' Hybrid, and Hartford Prolific. About six thousand pounds were made into wine, making thirteen barrels. Two thousand pounds were consumed and sold. Average price ten cents per pound. "Sales of nursery stock the past year amounted to $31,000." 1871. This year Mr. F3^fle again collects many items of individual experiments and their results, in different branches of agricultural and other industries of the county. Some of these have a permanent value for reference, and will always be read with interest, as showing what has been done, and therefore can be done agaiti. "Flax raising is becoming of great interest. Mr. Harrigan raised twen- ty-four acres, average 19^ bushels; making -168 bushels at $1.50 per bushel, $702.00; straw, 24 tons, $7.00 per ton, $168.00, making $870.00 John and Jerry Carey, of Fremont township, seventy acres of new break- ing, average 14 bushels per acre at $1.50 per bushel, or $21.00 per acre, making $1,470. Mr. Cannon raised two crops of flax from one sowing; 344 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. the first crop 19 bushels per acre, the second crop 3^ bushels per acre, making 22^ bushels at $1.50 per bushel, or $33.75 per acre. The crop of 1871, 37,085 bushels. Average per bushel $1.45,-$53,773.25 " " 1870, 21,737 " " ' " " 1.75,- 38,039.75 « " 1868, 33,733 " " " " 1.70,- 57,414.10 $149,221.10 " The corn crop is the heaviest ever raised. John Fr}', on ten acres of the white Ohio corn, has gathered over one thousand bushels, and many others like amounts to the acre. This corn is a class that never gets so hard as the common yellow or white. The Pokeberry "^or Claret has proved to be a very profitable corn for stock. The common yield is from seventy-five to one hundred bushels. Broom corn is a crop that has become one of profit. It has been raised the past five vears with an aver- age of from 700 to 1,000 pounds per acre; price per ton $50 to $100. The corn raised here is manufactured into brooms and sold in this market. M. W. Davis writes his experience in grape culture: " In'1865 I planted twenty-seven varieties of those that were considered the best and hardiest planting six by six, in deep cultured ground. I have been testing new varieties since, and the whole number of kinds planted number seventy- two. Out of these I had thirty-eight varieties of fruit the past season; the remainder mostly have been too tender for this climate. " The past season has been very fruitful, and one in which all varieties have ripened well before any frosts. Among the varieties fruited are some worthy of special mention. Martha, a new white grape and one of the best, bears equal to Concord; berries and bunches not quite as large. Rogers' Hybrids, with me, are my favorites. I have fruited the following numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 15, 19, 22, 28, 30, 41, 42, 43 and 44. They are all good without an exception; berries very large, bunches large, rather loose. Mathews No. 13, a very fine grape, and I believe identical with Rogers No. 1. Perkins, a hardy, good bearer, light colored grape, took the fancy of some, but it has a peculiar flavor that I do not like; early ripening, with Hartford. Arnold's Hj^brids will prove as hardy as Concords, and in quality far superior. The old Delaware with me does as well as Concord, and I get as many bunches from it as I do from the same aged vines, having picked thirty pounds from a vine four years old. I cover my vines for two winters after setting and then if a vine will not endure our seasons without protection, I re-plant with something that will. I had the good fortune to learn the facts from our sorghum manufac- turers of the four different parts of the county: From the eastern, 100 gallons average for 1871, against 80 gallons in 1870. From the southern, 125 gallons average for 1871, against 100 gal- lons for 1870. From the northwest, 120 gallons average for 1871, against HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 345 90 gallons for 1870. From the southwest, 110 averai^e for 1871, against 80 gallons for 1870. During eight months, ending April S, lb 71, D. Ham purchased and shipped at Iowa City: £gg's — 220,618 dozen, average price 16 cents $36,737.88 Butler — 166,515 pounds, average price 18 cents 29,973.70 Poultry — 111,598 pounds, average price 10 cents 11,159.80 Grouse — 4,460 pairs. ^itai'ls —SQ5 dozen. Rabbits -756. Amount of flour consumed by bakeries, three in all, 725 barrels. Value of crackers, bread, etc., $3,950.00. Broom factories, two; broom-corn, fifty tons; handles, 2,335 dozen. Value of brooms, $8,752. The paper mill in 1871 consumed 750 tons of straw, fifty tons of flax straw, and forty tons of rags; there was made ten tons of manilla paper, twenty tons of printing paper, and 400 tons of wrapping paper and paste board. Running time, four months. Home Woolen Mills — Number of hands employed, 25 to 32; number of cards, two sets; number of spindles worked, 720; number of looms, nine; amount of wool worked, 28,500 pounds; yards of goods manufactured 30,750; pairs of blankets manufactured, 200; pounds of yarn manufac- tured, 3,000. Running time, six months. Hemf — In 1842-3 Messrs. William Snyder, I. N. Sanders, Edward Foster and F. N. Banbury, and many others, made experiments with hemp, and the yield was from three to five tons. They erected machinery for manufacturing the same into lint. The yield was large. After its preparation for market, the lack of transportation at once deterred them from further experiments, at the same time they were fully satisfied that it would be a profitable crop if proper transportation could be had. There has been, from year to year, small lots put out for the seed, and during the last five years it has been increasing in acreage. Mr. William North four j^ears ago sowed forty acres. This proved a good paying crop, the ^neld being three and one-half tons per acre. Last spring, Messrs. Finkbine and Lovelace, owners of the lint mills, purchased seeds from Missouri, and furnished a few farmers, to give it a fair trial, to see whether it would be a paying crop. They themselves put up forty acres. The average yield is about three and one-half tons per acre, but on two small lots have gone as high as five and one-half tons. It is worth, at the mills, $10 per ton, or about $35 per acre for the crop. The expense of the crop is about the same as a heavy crop of rye. The amount of seed to the acre is one and a half bushels. One farmer, three miles from the city, put out sixty acres, and he tells me that he has never handled such a crop. It leaves the ground perfectly 346 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. clean, not a weed on it. His acreage is over three tons to the acre, which will make the snug amount of $1,800 for his crop in gross. Where is there a crop that will equal it? We can say none. The next best crop in this county is flax. I have heard no complaint of any losses by over- rotting. Bxpen'incnts in Handling Calves. — P. Tantlinger, of Clear Creek township, purchased, in the fall of 1869, sixteen common cows at a cost of from $25 to $40 per head. The spring of 1870 the calves were dropped from March to June. His treatment was to let them have all the milk and pasturage, with the cows. He had two lots of pasturage, and changed them every two weeks. When he cut his meadows he let them on it, and after the grass had made a good start; he let them remain on them two weeks. He then changed every two weeks from the pasture lots to the meadows till the frost had destroyed the grass. From that till the first of November his feed was hay alone. His rule was to salt twice a week. He ted no grain of any kind. The cows gave milk enough to pay for their keeping. For 1870, sixteen head, average 540 pounds, at 5c .$432.00 " 1871, " " " 545 " "4c 348.00 $787.80 Calved from April to June, 1871; sold from November 1 to December 5, 1871. Philo Haynes owned in April, 1871, two twin calves, from a common cow and crossed with Devon. He experimented with them as follows: He gave them all the milk and three quarts of shorts and oats per day. He found the experiment a paying one. He sold them at five and seven months old. One at five months old, 525 pounds, at 4 cents |21.00 " " seven " " 695 « "4 '' 27.80 $48.80 This has fully satisfied him that there is money in calves in this man- ner of treatment, the cow furnishing milk enough after the calves were taken away to pay for her keeping. There are three or four other lots with the same result. A HUSK FACTORY. The report of Johnson county for 1872 was made by L. Robinson, the only item of special note being the following new industry: " Since the last report a new enterprise has been started by Messrs. Gregg & Horner, and is a benefit to the farming community as well as to our city. It consists ot a factory for the utilization of corn husks. They pay from $15 to $20 per ton, according to the quality of the husks, and have a capacity for working up twenty tons per week, and have secured HISTORY OV JOHNSON COUNTY. 347 about three hundred tons. In several instances they have hired men and teams at full prices, and set them at v^'ork in sundry fields jerking, husk- ing and cribbing the corn for the husks, demonstrating to the farmer that the husks will pay for gathering the crop of corn. The prepared husks will find a ready market in Chicago and all large cities." In 1874 S. Robinson made the report for Johnson county, and a few points are worth preserving. He says: " There were near nine hundred entries, of which over three hundred were of live stock. The display of cattle, horses and swine was very fine, and showed marked improvement in each class. "D. Cookson & Son, and Shaner & Meyers bore off the herd premiums with their magnificent Durhams. E. W. Lucas, H. W. Lathrop, A. Crawford, and A. H. Humphrey, showed fine animals of this royal breed, and took away sundry premiums. No Devons or Ayrshires were shown. Z. C. Luse & Son, and John Dilatulile swept the premiums on Jerseys. " G. W. Lathrop's 'Whalebone,' and G. W. Simpson's 'Georgia ' bore off the honors of the trotting course, making the best time ever made on our track, 2:314^. In the principal running race Halderman's ' Woodburn ' and Brown's ' Little Frank ' were the running horses, all for citizen's purses. For the society's premiums, W. W. Smith and Joe Golddust took first premium, and Burg's ' Kitty Bell-founder ' second for single trotting, and Burg's ' Kitty ' and mate first, and Porter's ' Bessie ' and mate sec- ond for double teams. In blooded horses, W. C. Bryant's Golddust stallion took the first premium, and Wm. Nelson's Perchon the first for horses for general work. E. T. Seymour's Bashaws took the first premiums for carriage horses. Luse & Son's jack, " Spanish Ben," took the honors i this class. " E. Sangster, A. Whitaker, W. W. Thompson and J. Zellars, took the many premiums on Poland China swine; J. Ady and John Clark on Berkshires; Haynes and John Wilcox on Chester Whites; H. W. Lathrop, on Essex. " Our display of vegetables was unusually fine, there being 129 entries. D. R. Pillsbury, J. Ady. W. W. Thompson and W. J. Leate were the largest contributors, and bore oft' premiums accordingly, " Floral hall was adorned by flowers from the grounds of Mrs. J. W. Clark and others, and a generous displa}^ of the handiwork of Iowa City's and t e country's fair daughters; Mrs. M. E. Neely, of Iowa City, taking the largest number of premiums. " Fruit. — Our people continue to set out orchards and fruit trees of other kinds, and many are this year eating the fruit of their own trees. Early apples were a good crop, and there is a fair crop of winter apples, but there are many complaints of their being wormy and not keeping well. Many trees are aftected with the oyster scab louse, and the canker worm has done some damage. Cherries were an abundant crop. The 348 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Early Richmond and Morello are the only kinds that do well. Small fruits were abundant. The drouth shortened the jrop of raspberries one- half. " In manufactories there is an increasinf^ interest. Mr. L, Close has more than doubled the capacity of his paper mill; Messrs. Turner & Co. are putting in the machinery to manufacture oat meal, pearl barley, pearl wheat, cracked wheat, and hominy, with a capacity to consume 1,500 bushels of grain per day." WHAT KIND OF WHEAT. In 1877, Charles A. Vogt made the agricultural report for Johnson count3^ And in order to show what varieties of wheat have been tested here, and the results as reported, we quote: "The varieties furnished by our dealers are, the Club, Tea, Mammoth, Odessa, Nut and Chicago White. The Chicago White, (this 3'ear, 1877,) has yielded from eighteen to twent3^-t\vo bushels. Mammoth has done well; in most of the locations from fifteen to twenty. Odessa has been the favorite variety; in most of the townships where sowed, it was universally good; from twenty to thirty bushels; sixty to sixty-two pounds. Nut has also proved to be a variety that has gained in favor; yield from eighteen to thirty-two bushels; fifty- eight to sixty-two pounds. No rust; no lodging with the Odessa and Nut. "The result of the yield in the difierent townships, and the varieties are as follows: Dr. Coulter, of Graham township, Odessa, thirty bushels per acre. A. Stable, of Graham township, Odessa, twenty-nine and seven- eights bushels per acre. E. x\lmon, Monroe township. Nut, thirty bushels per acre. F. Novak, Monroe, Odessa, Nut and Chicago White, twenty- eight and one-half bushels per acre. Lewis Doty, Oxford, Odessa, five acres, 150 bushels, sixy-two pounds per bushel. Wm. Manna, Clear Creek, Odessa, eight acres, 244 bushels, sixty pounds per bushel. Thomas Welch, Hardin, Nut, nine acres, 257 bushels, sixty-one pounds per bushel. There could be a large number still added to the Hst from other town- ships, but the above is sufficient to show the importance of changing the seed of small grain, and especially wheat. Our farmers will, in the future, profit from this experiment. In many neighborhoods the old varieties gave fine yields of Chicago White, Club, Tea, Italian, etc." OATS. This crop has become an important one since the oat and pearl mill has been started in our neighborhood. The kind and quality is import- ant. Many varieties have been introduced, and the best has been selected for milling. The White Dutch has been pronounced as one of the most valuable for milling purposes. This report from a few townships to show its yield per acre: In Graham township, sixty bushels per acre, from one farmer. In Clear Creek township, fifty bushels, from three farmers. In HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 349 Union township, sixty-tive bushels per acre, from two farmers. In Wash- ington township, fifty-eight bushels per acre from twelve farmers. In Penn township, fifty-five bushels per acre, from five farmers. These oats weigh thirty-five pounds to the bushel, machine measure. PRODUCE SHIPMENTS. To show what kind of industries are chiefly pursued in the county, the following list of shipments from Iowa City from December 1, 1877, to November 30, 1878, is given by car-load lots. Of course some shipments were made from Oxford, Tiffin, Morse, Solon, Lone Tree, and Coralville, but the great bulk of the county's shipments are made from Iowa City. This table is compiled and consolidated from the returns of the C, R. I. & P. and the B., C. R. & N. railroads: Products shipped. No. cars. Products shipped No. cars. Horses 26 Wrapping paper 101 Cattle 156 Ice 18 Hogs 460 Oat meal 158 Sheep 7 Stone 27 Wheat 123 Lime 2 Rye 35 Wool 4 Oats 65 High-wines 10 Corn 95 Butter 4 Barley 7 Poultry 1 Flour 78 Other freight 612 Linseed oil 72 Oil-cake 89 Total 2,150 The corresponding reports for 1879 showed a total of 2,113 cars shipped from Iowa City. AGRICULTURAL REPORT FOR 1880. The report for Johnson county to the State Agricultural Society was made this year by E. K. Lucas, and embodied some general information of permanent value, which we quote: " The roads and bridges are first-class. Iowa City shows signs of prosperity on every hand. Besides being a center of education and cul- ture, it is becoming a great manufacturing point. There are: 1st, Glu- cose works, capacity, three thousand bushels of corn per day; will give employment to forty men; 2d, alcohol works, capacity, two thousand bushels of grain per day; the company feed one thousand, one hundred head of cattle, and several hundred hogs; the alcohol is exported to Europe and South America; 3d, packing house, nearly completed, capi- tal $125,000; will employ about three hundred men; capacity, three hun- dred hogs daily ; 4th, glass-works, capital, $25,000; employs twenty-five hands, and manufactures the finest quality of flint-glass, table-ware, etc. ; 5th, cutler3^-works, capital, $25,000; employs thirty hands. Besides these are paper-mills, oatmeal-mills, woolen-mills, watch-factory, galvanized iron works, machine-shops, and foundries. They are all owned at home and operated by home capital. 350 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. " The farmers are very pro^^ressive in breeding live stock, and improve- ments in the best strains are general. This applies to both horses and cattle, so that at no distant day this will be one of the great tine stock centers of the west. Jerseys and Holsteins are attracting attention for their milking qualities. A cow was exhibited at the fair as a milk and butter cow. She is a thoroughbred Holstein, four vears old. She calved June 13, and the trial began June 25. She gave in ten days eight hundred and fifteen pounds of milk, from the cream of which were made twenty-nine pounds and six ounces of good butter, which was also exhib- ited at the fair. She ran with a herd of eighty-five, and owing to the dry weather the pasturage was short. She was fed a mixture of common shorts, and during the last few days of the trial some green corn fodder. She increased in milk after the trial, reaching as high as ninetv-one pounds per day. "The swine mostly preferred are Poland China and Berkshire: the few experiments ^with Duroc met with indifierent success. The loss from hog cholera was quite severe in several localities. The sheep interests are not so great as they should be; there is one flock of Merinos, the finest and purest breed in the State. "The crops generally were good, something more than the average. Oats and rye, good: wheat, poor: potatoes, fine; apple crop, small: grapes, good." CENSUS STATISTICS OF 1S80. [Furnished by W. H. Fleming, Esq., of Des Moines.] Area of the count v, 618 square miles. City and village population 9,077 Rural population : 16,352—25,429 Number of farms under 3 acres 11 " over 3 acres and under 10 acres -1:3 " '• 10 acres and under 20 acres 55 " " 20 acres and under 50 acres 289 " " 50 acres and under 100 acres 560 " " lOO acres and under 500 acres 1,213 " " 500 acres and under 1,000 acres 42 " 1,000 1 Total number of farms in the county 2,809 Number farms rented for fixed cash rent 191. " " " share of profit 404. Acres. Bushels. Barley 1,532 28,646 Buck wheat 300 3,614 Corn 108,417 4,951,472 Oats 22,238 736,649 Rye 4,795 73,026 Wheat 30,250 242,229 Irish potatoes 2,095 201,473 Sweet potatoes 10 l»19 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 351 Number of horses in the county 13,522 " of mules and asses S55 " of working oxen 4 " of milch cows 12,695 «« of other cattle 28,851 " of sheep lb,142 of swine 122,295 The equalized valuation of real estate in ISSl was: Lands $4,251,825 Town lots 1,360,085— $5,611,910 The number of miles of railroad in the county, December 31, 1881, was 69.86 — made up as follows: Name of Railroad. Miles. Value per mile. Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern 16.05 $ 5,500 B., C. R. & N., Iowa Citv Division 19.59 2,000 B., C. R. & N., Muscatine Division 7.06 2,500 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 27.16 12,600 The total railroad valuation in the county as assessed in 1882, was $487,321. LAND VALUATIONS IN 1877. June 15, 1877, the county board took up the equalization of the assess- ment of the several townships, and after a thorough examination, the fol- lowing was on motion adopted as the equalized valuation of the realty of the several townships and incorporated towns in Johnson county, the same rate of increase to apply to town lots, to-wit: Cedar township, average value $10.00 per acre; Big Grove township, average value $9.50 per acre: Jefferson township, average value $8.00 per acre: Monroe township, average $9.00 per acre: Oxford township, average $9.25 per acre: Hardin township, average $9.06 per acre: Madi- son township, average $9.75 per acre: Clear Creek township, average $10.10 per acre; Penn township, average $10.75 per acre; New^port town- ship, average $8.35 per acre: Graham township, average )^11 .42 per acre; Scott township, average $11.6<» per acre: Union township, average $10.25 per acre; Washington township, average $10.50 per acre: Sharon town- ship, average $11.50 per acre: Liberty township, average $9.35 per acre; Fremont township, average $10.15 per acre; Lincoln township, average $11.25 per acre; Pleasant Valley township, average $10.07 per acre; Lucas township, average $19.15 per acre; Coralville, add ]6f per cent; Iowa Citv, as assessed. James Lee, Cluiirman. A. J. Hershire, Clerk. I. VST - KTV VALUATIONS IN" IS 52. TOWNSHIPS. Scon Cedar Bij '^- e J- Up:^ Washington . . . . SharoD. . . Liberty Fremoot Pleasant Valley. Lioooin Madison Penn Clear Creek. Monroe Hardm Oxford Lucas 216.S31 las^i'o::* 15-2.0S0 2^1.77" i4':'.7:':^ 14".: _ 15S, :- 15«>.353 j 16«:«^39' •J < O.rJ-J 4 i"t*,77^;sio 2^,S13j 7 141.9S5 13 •?9J45 9 1«X»,561 11 4<:',471 7 4o.Hc/. 1 1 11 ^.-Sr.*? 11 79.^3 12 49,195 10 79.633 10 39.036 9 31,':;41, li' 47.196' 9 30.729 12L70S •:-\749 149,736" 11 10 9 9 17 16 Si6 70| S36 23 S97 77i 963 31il363 S9i 7S9 26 7S0 53 999 331159 5«V 56S 061210 56 6<>4 •»6 5SS 57. 625 10 702 07' 642 73 941 45 S34 67 1436 051494 Totals ^.216.»:-36 1.471.7SS TOWNS. T. ~ ~ 7. - x ^iorse Stadoc 3.029 5" 2»:;.^24 3««^^5 4.L'73 l.^.v" ^4 Sokn 3.-3 ^nevriHe 108 ^^iDiamstown* , , . Jotown* V.5: Lone Tree 14^0581 7161 476 257. 33301 - .- - ' V7.23(« 1 ?17 River JoncdoE Morfo«Yi9%-nie 25 55 GreenCastJe^ North Libertr* Tiffin 47 South Liberty « i Windham. . .' Corahille Oxford - . 33 347 56<^i Iowa City 7123 Toiai- \ 1.347/'.S^' 621,530 *Thc tovB» CHuked viUk a star are iMiC named io the census laMee of i^). And two lovBs tkat an ia tkeeewos taUe. to-wit: Oaeis. 16 iBhaWtante, and Fnuik Pierce. 31 inbab- HaaU, are Bot naaed ia tfcia amemmtat taUe. ThgiT aaaemmeM. was not made separate troM tkeir unruhipa. See eompleieeaMaataUefiir a aeries of years, oa page aOi. mSTORY OF JOHNSON" COUXTV. 3.53 To:aJ reaii\' :n towns Si wiT.r-.SS Total railroad propem- J:iX«,S35» Total live stock valuatioo 732,4^>i: Total other personal property .... S93,72-t ELECTIONS ox THE " HOG LAW.** This was a ~iocai option ~ law, to be accepted or not by eac^ county separatelv. The main point was, - that from and after the 15th of Octo- ber, 1S55, it shall not be lawftil for any sheep, goat or hog to be suOered to nin at iar^e within the county of JcAnson, in this State." The rest o€ it merelv recited details of violation, nature of penalties, ntode ot recor- ery, etc The election took, place on April 2d, lSo5, and resulted as follows: For the A*auBs:tke Fvtlie A*m^&e Township. hof lav. hof lav. Torayiip. ko^ Ikw. ho^ 1am. Iowa City 239 S«) Bier Grove .35 55 Cedar 32 7 Clear Creek 52 9 Washington. - 47 L mon 1 . bl Jefferson 22 10 Libertv 23 36 Monroe 39 23 Pleasant VaDev 21 .55 Penn 42 32 ; Newport " 34 4S Scott 37 11 Total r^: ^^ Majority for hog law 2t'3 But the law seemed to be not sati^ctorv in its wcH-kings, tor Oct- 12, 1S5S, a vote was taken on a proposition to rescind the law, and the result in the countv was lOSi in favcw of rescinding it, and 917 against — 1':'7 majoritv in favor of abolishing the law. And stiQ they were not happv, for, oa March 14, 15-59, the voters took another wrestle with die hogs- This time there were 93«> votes cast in favcH- of keeping up hogs and sheep, and 1C»6S votes against it, or a majority of 13S for bog Hberty. So the hogs got their oppKHients down again. Matters stood in this shape until October S, 1S67, when the peripatetic porker question was tried again at the ballot box. This time thoe were 1125 votes cast in favor of "swine running at large,"' and 14S3 against it. S<^ hog libertv was beat at last bv 35S maioritv. And all the piggies wept. STOCK LAW. On October 13. IS 74, a vote was taken on a propositicm for •^restrain- ing stock from running at large from the first day of August in each year to the first day of December ibllowing.*' The result of the vote in the county was: For the stock law 1«>^ Against the stock law 1«>21 Only seventy-one majcHity in so large a vote was a dose fit, but it carried. MR. LATHROP OX HOG CHOLERA. In 1S72 the State Agriculrjra! Society sent out a list of inquiries coo- 354 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. cernincr the management of live stock, their diseases and remedies. There were nine general heads of inquiry. The only answer of any extent or importance from Johnson county was the following on the hog question, by H. W. Lathrop, of Iowa City: "Several thousand hogs have died of cholera: 500 dead hoffs have been used up in the lard oil factor}' here. The best preventative is succulent food, as pumpkins, turnips, and other root crops. For both preventative and cure, I give plent}' of stone-coal and wood ashes, with an occasional teed of lime slacked in water or slop; about once a week mix salt with the ashes when fed. I also use sulphate of iron, and saltpeter in slop. Whenever the disease makes its appearance I give the copperas twice a week, in doses of a tablespoonful to eight to fifteen hogs, according to the age. I have made frequent dissections the past twelve 3'ears, and in all cases have found a hepatized condition of the lungs, being filled more or less with dark hard bodies. The skin assumes a scarlet or purple appearance, accompanied with swelling about the throat. In all acute attacks, there has been no other form of disorganization; but in chronic cases the bowels have been found ulcerated and filled with worms. The disease begins in the lungs, and is first indicated by a cough. Among the preventatives, cleanliness and good shelter are important. My theory is that the lungs fail to purify the blood, and the other symptoms are the result." HOG NOTES. Charles A. Vogt made the agricultural report for Johnson county in 1875. The following statistics printed with it were furnished by H. W. F3'ft'e of Iowa City, and show who did what, and with what kind of hogs: Number of hogs sold in Iowa City market for the months of December, 1875, and January, 1876. H. A. Bradley, 29, gross weight 11,285 pounds, average 389.14 pounds; Mav pigs and brood sow s, were taken from grass Sept. 30, and were fed eighty-six days, when put in the pen they were very thin and estimated to weigh 150 pounds each. At the end of eighty-six days there was a gain of almost 250 pounds to each hog, or a fraction less than three pounds per day. Roland Reese sold, on the 6th of Januaiy, 50 head; weight 22,100 pounds; average, 442 pounds; average age, 16 months; breed, Chester White. A. Hens worth sold, on the same day 54 head; weight, 18,468 pounds; average, 342 pounds: average age, 12 months; breed, Chester. Samuel Low, in December sold 28 head; weight, 9,640 pounds; aver- age, 344.27 pounds; age, 13 months; breed, Poland-China. Isaac Bowmen sold, in the same month, 30 head; weight, 10,332 pounds; average, 344.25 pounds; age, 14 months; breed, Poland-China. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 355 E. Fry in the same month sold li head; weight, 5,235 pounds: average, 373.92 pounds; average age, 12 months; breed, Poland-China. Mr. Brennan, 39 head; weight, 15,415 pounds; average, 395.20 pounds; age, 13 months: breed Poland-China. J. Zella, 25 head; weight, S,7(»0 pounds; average, 34S pounds; age, 12 months; breed Chester. J. B. Miller, 30 head; weight, 11,000 pounds; average, 370 pounds; age, 12^ months; breed, Chester. R. Davis, 56 head; weight, 19,750 pounds: average, 353 pounds; age, 15 months; breed, Chester. E. Roup, 6S head; weight, 21,970 pounds: average, 323.09 pounds; age, 17 months; breed, Poland-China. E. W.Jones, 19 head, w^eight, 5,960 pounds; average, 313.72 pounds: age 12i^ months; breed, Chester. J. Buckingham, 20 head; weight, 7,290 pounds; age, 14 months; breed, Poland-China. Mr. Welch, 35 head; weight, 11,475 pounds; age, 15 months, breed, Poland-China. John Breese sold, January 6, 60 head; weight, 19,380 pounds: average, 323 pounds; age 13 months; breed, Chester. James Magruder, January 10, sold 50 head; weight, 17,705 pounds: average, 354 pounds; age, 16 months; breed, Poland-China. Richard Williams, January 20, sold 19 head; weight, 6,469 . pounds; average, 341 pounds; age, 15 months; breed, Chester. John Miller, January 25, sold 20 head; weight, 9,320 pounds: average, 466 pounds: age, 16 months; breed Chester White and Poland-China. The object is to give the number, age and weights of a few lots to show^ the qualities of the two leading breeds of the county. The Berkshire is gaining favor with the farmers for their purity, as they have for many years been used for crossing. FINE STOCK ASSOCIATION. In March, 1S75, a Johnson County Fine Stock Associationjwas formed, the following gentlemen being its first officers: President, Capt. Phil. Shaver; Vice-President, Z. C. Luse; Secretary, Chas. A. Vogt; Treasurer, H. W. Lathrop; Directors, D. Cookson, Ce- dar count}-; John A. Myers, Washington county; A. Crawford, Wm. Billingsly and John H. Weeks, of Johnson county. This is not a premium exhibition, but a real fine stock ^how, to bring all of the pure blooded breeders of this and adjoining counties together, to exhibit the progress and standing of this section in thej^matter of fine stock. The committee on exhibition, appointed by the Association, is composed of Messrs. H. W. Lathrop, Z. C. Luse, and Col. E. W. Lucas. 356 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. IOWA CITY HORSE MARKET. The following report made by H. W. Fyffe, on March 16, 1875, shows well for Iowa City as a market for horses: "In looking up the horse market at Iowa City, I find the amount as given by the parties purchasing or at the livery barns. Mr. Fisher fur- nished me the amount purchased by himself; Messrs. Smith & Foster the number purchased at their barn by other parties, and the Abbott Broth- ers the same. Mr. G. W. Kettlewell, the number shod at his shop. To all of which gentlemen I am under obligations for their kindness, and for the information furnished. Name of Parties. Year. No of Cost of Total No. cars. cars. cost. horses. O. H. Fisher 1872 8 $2,000 $ 16,000 136 1873 17 1,900 32,300 289 « 1874 16 1,900 30,400 272 " to Mar. 15, 1875 4 1,800 7,200 68 Smith & Foster's 1872 5 2,000 10,000 85 1873 8 1,900 15,200 136 1874 10 2,000 20,000 170 "to Mar. 15, 1875 2 1,600 3,200 34 At Abbott Bros 1874 3 2,000 6,000 51 73 $140,300 1241 Average per head, $113-67. DR. CLAPP'S JOLLY SPEECH TO THE STOCK BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION. In June, 1875, a few men assembled at Cedar Rapids and organized the "Iowa State Improved Stock Breeders' Association." Dec. 13 to 15, 1881, the eighth annual meeting of this association was held in Iowa City. The opening address of welcome was dehvered by Dr. E. F. Clapp, who was then president of the Board of Trade and also Professor of Anatomy in the Medical Department of the State University. Dr. Clapp's address has so many good points, so humorously and yet effectively presented, that it is worthy of 'permanent preservation in this volume of history. The doctor said: Gentlemen of the Breeders^ Convention: On behalf of the Board of Trade I stand here to greet and welcome you to Iowa Cit}'. We con- gratulate ourselves, gentlemen, on the honor you have conferred upon us in making this your place of meeting. We congratulate you upon the wisdom of your choice. We congratulate ourselves upon the pleasure it gives us. We congratulate you upon making this educational, agricul- tural, comtnercial, as well as manufacturing center of Iowa — the great State of Iowa — the place of your annual conference. I suppose there is not an individual in this house but feels a just and legitimate pride in the noble State of Iowa, which you represent. If there be others from out- side of the borders of our State, certainly they cannot but feel with us a kind of pride in a sister State, especially since it is the younger member of the family, strong of limb and sturdy, giving promise of great and good things. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 357 But we offer you a full and hearty welcome. We should be pleased if we could offer you pleasant weather — if we could make the heavens shine. We should have arranged this if we had attended to it sooner, for we have the weather clerk, who is here to attend to these things. I think Prof. Hinrichs should be held responsible for the miserable weather, and cen- sured accordingly. I understand the object you have in view to be the improvement of our domestic animals — the horse, the cow, swine, and especially the dog Certainly the object is a laudable one, indeed, a noble one. (Applause.) Anything that we can do to enhance the commercial interest and wealth of our State, or good of its inhabitants, is certainly a laudable undertaking. I trust you ma}- be prosperous, and succeed beyond your most sanguine expectations. We have only to look back a few years to find the time when such a thing as a stock-breeders' associa- tion was hardly thought of; or, if so, it was in some of the eastern parts of the country, where a certain number of gentlemen meeting for the improve- ment of domestic animals, came together in Massachusetts, or somewhere else; but certainly not west of the Mississippi. We can remember dis- tinctly when endeavoring to serve our country by eating Uncle Sam's rations and standing picket duty, when sent down to the commissiary to draw our daily rations, T could take a good-sized steer and carry it off without any trouble. (Applause.) One of the pleasant recollections of my boyhood is in regard to driving up the cattle, when, with a fleet horse, I used to race with them, and would often be outrun by them in their efforts to get away. (Applause.) At the present time these animals are built on a broader and more liberal basis. We find every day that our cattle, hogs, and especially horses, are being improved. They are being adapted more nearh' to the purposes for which they are required. I trust the ideal bullock and cow has not yet come to pass. I am looking forward to the time when the ideal cow, swine, and horse shall be reached. Then I trust some of you gentlemen who represent this Breeders' Association may have a little time to turn your attention to another class of stock which certainly stands as much in need of improvement as the horses and cow^s — I mean the human cattle. (Applause.) In the rearing and breeding of stock, whatever the class, due attention is paid to the parent stock — to the sire, to the dam. And it is with a great amount of solicitude and care that these are selected. They must possess certain points physically, mentally and morally — for I think animals to a certain extent are morall}^ constituted. You will for- give a doctor of medicme for talking cattle just as you allow a doctor of divinity to talk horses. (Applause.) I have said that I hoped that the day was not far distant when these subjects would be taken up. The careful breeder avoids the use of vicious animals and those of a bad tem- per. He equally avoids monstrosities and those which are deformed. I have sometimes thought that the same thing would apply to the human family, but did not dare to speak above my breath. The day will come when we will treat the human subject with that same kindness that we now treat cattle. That is to say, we do not allow the vicious, monstrous, or bad-tempered animal to beget his kind; and when a monstrosity appears, mentally, morally and physically, we should kindly put him where he could do no harm. We are gradually moving in this direction, and the time will come when this kindness will be extended. People will then look into this matter as carefully as they now attend to the breeding of 23 358 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTV. their swine. Such a monstrosity, if kept within a State asylum, would not have the power to do the injury to people that it would otherwise do. But, gentlemen, speaking upon a subject of this kind, one is apt to ram- ble and take up too much of your precious time. I suppose I am to say something of the city you are visiting here. Man}^ of you who have not visited Iowa City for ten years, remember it as the place where the capi- tal used to be. For some years our city slept the "Rip Van Winkle" sleep. But two or three years ago a change w'as brought about, through the enterprise of a few men of our town. They thought it best to hold out inducements to capitalists and manufacturers to come here and make it their place of abode. We were very much surprised to lind that the invitation was not accepted. We came to the conclusion that the only wav was to go to work and build these manufacturing interests ourselves. Then we formed what is known as the board of trade, an imperfect board of trade, gentlemen, but sufficiently perfect to do something in building up the interests of Iowa City. To-day we can point with a great deal of pride to the ten or twelve manufacturing interests that are carried on in Iowa City. We do not wish to boast. We are too modest in this respect. (Applause.) In this regard we resemble Cedar Rapids and Marshalltown to a certain extent. (Applause. ) We have as large a glucose works as you can find in the countr}-, and doing just as good work. It is nothing for them to turn out thirty or forty barrels of maple molasses from one barrel of New Orleans syrup. (Applause.) You who live at a distance, and put down buckwheat cakes lavishly covered with maple s^iup, may not have suspected that it came from Iowa Cit}-! We can furnish you with the verv best maple syrup without going outside of the corporation for the material. So we have our glass w^orks, not as large as we intend they shall be, but we send out its products throughout the entire country. This might not be the kind of audience to mention our brewery to, because you might take advantage of the knowledge. (Applause.) Besides, gen- tlemen, you who drink milk at home may not find that it will agree with 3^ou. But it is not a Jersey cow, and is not expected to be drained to the last drop. (Applause.) But, gentlemen, we are glad to meet you, and are happy to make your acquaintance. I see among you some of our own citizens — some men with gray hairs, which stands for wisdom and experience: also, young men with bald heads, that may or may not stand for piety. (Applause.) I hope that this meeting will be only one of the very many interesting meetings we want to have like it in the future. I hope that the interest that you now have will only deepen and grow from year to year. And then, when you have perfected the thoroughbred slock, we will all join with you to improve the human family. You are welcome, thrice welcome. Hon. W. A. Morrison, mayor of Iowa City, also warmW welcomed the visitors, and invited them to inspect the manufactures and public institu- tions of the city, after which the president of the Association, Hon. Z. C. Luse, called upon Hon. James Wilson, of Traer, wdio represented the As- sociation in the following RESPONSE. Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen of the Board of Trade of this nmnicipality : I am called upon by our worthy president to respond in his behalf and ours, to the very cordial welcome you have extended us. As plain farm- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 359 ers, we would have felt ourselves very highly honored and vei}^ much at home if our welcome had onl}' come from a small fraction of the people of either Iowa Cit}- or Johnson county. We would have felt very much gratified to have been welcomed here by plain farmers ot Johnson county, and to have addressed ourselves immediately to the discussion of questions that call us together. But when the welcome comes from a member of the great State Uni- versity, we as farmers, knowing it to be the greatest educational institution in the Mississippi Valle}', feel on that account more highly honored. The scientific man who reaches up to the cloud-levels of intellect and brings down the facts, we have by one hand, and the worker who tills the soil and toils to create the wealth of this great State, we have by the other. We have to help us in the capacity of a Breeders' Convention in the deter- mining of the adaptibility of the facts, the scientific man. We want to take new bearings, and to see how far along the scientific man would have the farmer go. We want to see to what extent suggestions are practical before we turn to the man who works in his shirt-sleeves. We feel greatly honored and greatl}^ interested in the welcome from the Board of Trade of Iowa City. These gentlemen are doing much for us. They are manufacturing things which it would have been impossible to manufacture a few years ago. Glucose could not have been manufactured here a few years ago; glass could not have been manufactured here a few years ago; pork could not have been manufactured, but the time came when capital was cheap enough so that the enterprise of your citizens could go to work with it and establish these manutacturing institutions, too numerous to mention, thereb}'^ doing more for the farmer than many of us dreamed would be done; you are making a home product for the American farmer. Now, only five per cent of the home products go abroad for market— the home market consumes ninety-five per cent. We feel particularl}" inter- ested in being welcomed by the representative of the Board of Trade.' Our future depends, in a great measure, upon the success of the Iowa manufacture. We do not need to be told that Iowa City people are hos- pitable. We have had opportunities of knowing much about the towns of Iowa. They are different as men are different. Some towns are rushing, push- ing, business towns; other towns are educational towns; other towns com- bine both qualities. Some towns have learned the art ot being kind and hospitable to strangers, and some have it yet to learn. Iowa City is one of the most f riendl}', neighborly,, hospitable of cities it has been my for- tune to visit. We are not surprised when we come here to find 30ur hands, hearts, and doors open to receive us. We appreciate with gratitude all these things. I might close here did I not desire to vindicate the Breeders" i.\ssocia- tion in one regard. Prof. Clapp would like to have us extend our obser- vations bej'ond brute life, and to have us study and discuss everything pertaining to mankind as well; he would like to have us study humanity. Well, we do this. We have commenced on ourselves, and are whittling away at our own hide-boandness, and just how thick-skinned and how hide-bound we are, we haven't determined. And if we ever get through, our own hide-boundness in all respects as Iowa farmers, we will be ready to meet him on a dead-level""', and discuss the matter farther any time he * Did he mean the "dissecting-table" ia the Medical Department of the State Univers- ity? 360 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. wishes it. We thank vou for the cordial welcome, and hope our stay here will be prolitable to us and not wearisome to you. HORTICULTURE. A *• Johnson Countv Grape Growers" Association" was organized in Auijust, 1S67. Officers — president, H. \V. Lathrop: vice-president, Le\-i Robinson: secretar\-, George J. Boal; treasurer. M. W. Davis. Some meetings were held and questions discussed of special concern to crape orowers. But the organization was not long kept up. In Sep- tember, 1S67, thev had an exhibition in Metropolitan Hall, Iowa Citv, at which Dr. Kimball showed 57 varieties of apples, 25 of pears, and '20 of grapes, all grown in Johnson county. Many other exhibits were made, but this one took the lead. FRUIT LIST FOR JOHNSON COUNTY. The Iowa State Horticultural Sodet}' has dix-ided the state into twelve fruit districts. The n/i^ district comprises the counties of Benton, John- son, Iowa, Tama, Poweshiek, Marshall and Jasper. The representative of this fruit district in lSS<>-Sl->'2, was H. W. Lathrop, Esq., of Iowa Cir\-. Fruit lists have been made, discussed, revised, amended, at each annual session for a number of vears, but as it is supposed that ever\- change made was based on practical experience, it is hardly worth while to put into this historv anv but the latest revised list, which is presumed to be the last, best result of all the preceding years' experience. The Eastern Iowa Horticultural Society held its last meeting on December I'l, 22, and 23, ISSl, at Le Grand, in Marshall county. Among the offi- cers elected at this meeting were two well known Iowa City pomologists, to-wit: H. W. Lathrop was elected secretary-, and H. Strohm treasurer. The fruit list as re%-ised at that time, stands now as practically the best varieties known for this section of countr}*, up to the present time — 18S2. APPLES. Summer list. — Oldenburg, Benoni. Early Joe Ctop worked i. F'all list. — Bailev's Sweet, Dyer, Gros Pomier, Lowell, Fameuse, Utter's Red, Wealthy, Plumb's Cider. Winter list. — Jonathan, Paradise, Winter Sweet, Icwa Blush, Ben Davisi Willow Twig, Walbridge, Lansingburg, Robinson, Grimes' Golden, Iowa Russet, Flora, Bellflower. F'or Trial. — Constantine, Yellow Transparent, Black Annette, Shuck's Red June, Pewaukee, Scott's Winter, Wolf River and Magog Red Streak. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 361 The following table will be useful and helpful in connection with the above apple list: Oldeiihiirg. — Medium large size: roundish oblate form; yellowish red color: season, September: origin, Russia: a favorite in all parts of the State. Benoni. — Medium size: roundish obtuse conical form; yellowish dark crimson color: season, August and September: origin, Massachusetts; is tree hardy on dry, light-colored soils. Early Joe. — Small size: obtuse conical form: yellowish red color; season, August and September: origin. New York. Prof. J. L. Budd, of our State Agricultural College, says: "It is hardy in tree, but is a slow grower in the nursery: the fruit has few equals for dessert." Bailey's S-ujeet. — i Description not known.* Dyer. — Medium to large size, roundish form, greenish or yellowish red color; season, September and October: origin, Europe. Gros Pc>;;//Vr.— Medium size, roundish oblate form: veUowish red color: season, November and December: origin, Sweden: tree p>erfect, fruit good for dessert if ripened in cellar. Lozi-cll. — Large size, roundish oblong conical form, greenish yellow color; season, September and October; origin, Pennsylvania i ?t Faiiieiise. — Medium sized, roundish oblate form, whitish red color; season, October and November; origin, Canada. Utters Red. — Medium large size, rotmdish oblate form, whitish red color; season, September and October: origin, lUinois; one of our best autumn varieties. Wealthy. — Medium large size; rotmdish form; yellowish-red color; season from October to April: origin Minnesota; a perfect iron clad. Plumb's Cider. — Medium large size; conical form: yellowish red color; season November and December. yonathan. — Medium small size : roundish conical form : yellowish red color; season November to February; origin New York; on account of its quality this favorite variety is on northern list for topworking. Paradise Wi)iier Szi'eit. — Large size: roundish form; veUowish white color: season December and January: origin Pennsylvania. loz^a Blush. — Small size: roundish conical form; whitish red color; season November and December; origin Iowa; tree hard}- but fruit too small for market. Ben Davis. — Medium to large size; roundish conical form: yellowish red color: season from December to March: origin Kentucky. Willozi- Tziig. — Medium large size; roimdish conical form; yellowish red color ; season from December to March ; origin American ; tree subject to blight in dark soils. Walhridge. — Medium size: roundish conical form; yellowish red color; 362 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. season January and February; origin Illinois; one of our hardiest and best late keeping varieties. Lansingbm-o-. — Medium size; conical form; yellowish red color; season Mav; origin Ohio; is of good quality and a very late" keeper. Robinson. — [Description unknown.] Grimes'' Golden. — Medium size; roundish oblate form; greenish yellow color; season December and January; origin Virginia. Jowa Russet. — Medium size; roundish oblate form; yellowish russet color; season January to March; origin Russia (?); very promising. Flora Bellflozuer. — Prof. Budd says, "is an apple of perfect form and good quality, and keeps as long as Jonathan." Consiantine. — Prof. Budd says, "is a very valuable apple that was intro- duced into England from Russia, and from England to this county, and it would take the place of the Maiden's Blush." Tellozv Transparent. — Dr. T. H. Haskins of Newport, Vermont, and also our own Prof. Budd, vouch for it, as bemg of the same season (August) as Tetofsky, but earlier; medium size; clear straw yellow color. Is a great bearer, does not drop, and transports well for a summer apple. It was imported from Russia by the Department of Agriculture in 1869. Black Annette. — [Description unknown.] Shuck's Red 'June. — Small size; obtuse conical form; yellowish red color; season July and August; origin America; very good, but subject to scab. Pewauhee.—lyAvg^i. size; roundish oblate form; yellowish red color; sea- son December and January; origin Wisconsin. Scotfs Winter. — Dr. Haskins says, is of medium size, yellow, heavily striped, and sometimes covered with bright red; "hard as a rock" until April — sour, and only useful for cooking. Grows mellow, mild and aromatic in the spring. Keeps well into July when properly handled and stored. The tree is true "iron-clad," a profuse bearer on alternate years. Origin, Orleans county, Vermont, seedling. Wolf River. — Large size; oblate form; yellowish crimson color; season November and December; origin Wisconsin; promising as a strict "iron- clad." Maoog Red Streak. — Large yellow apple, with red streaks on the sunny side; mild rich sub-acid flavor; good keeper until April. The tree is hard, thrifty, and a free and early bearer. Seedling of Orleans county, Vermont. SMALL FRUITS. The following is the list as finally revised at the December meeting, 1881: Strawberries.— V^Wson, Green Prolific, Chas. Downing^ Kentucky Crescent, fertilized with Downer's Prolific. On trial— Cumberland Triumph, Glendale, Bidwell, Endicot No. 2. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 363 Rasfhej'ries. — Turner, Mammoth Cluster, Doolittle Improved, Ph ila- delphia, Greg^g. Grafcs. — Concord, Worden, Coe. On trial — Moore's Early, Dracut, Amber, Elvira. Currant. — Victoria, White Dutch. Dzvarf ywieberry.— On motion of Prof. Budd, the Dwarf Juneberry was added to the list of small fruits. Huckleberry. — J. W. Sanders: I have got huckleberry plants from Michigan, and from four bushes I got four quarts, and that was but half the crop. The plants succeed well on our prairie soil. The fruit lists adopted for Johnson county do not name pears, peaches, quinces, plums, or cherries. The reason for all these omissions is not apparent. But to supply in some measure these deficiencies we make some extracts from several personal reports on fruit matters by Johnson county men. MR. LATHROP's FRUIT REPORT. H. W. Lathrop, of Iowa City, made a report on the fruit crop of John- son county in 1S8U, and it furnishes the best summary of general results in this line that is attainable. He said: Fruits of all kinds matured early and developed to the highest degree their best qualities. In size, color and flavor no season on record has been more generous with our fruits. Early Richmond cherries in perfec- tion were on the market before the 10th of June. The Red June apple, which we have stricken from the list, was never larger, fairer or better than the past season. No fair brunette could ever show a cheek crimsoned with the beauty that adorned the cheek of this old discarded favorite with its entire freedom from freckles. As usual, the Oldenburg, Willow and Ben Davis surpassed all others in productiveness. The Jonathan, Grimes' Golden and Wealthy are varieties thaj, should be harvested early, and by early I mean just as soon as they attain their size and color., without any reference to the month or the day of the month. Summer and fall apples in our market sold as low as twenty cents per bushel, and many went to waste for want of buyers at that price. Many of our orchardists needed a good, cheap drying apparatus that would enable them to send their apples to distant markets in a dried state. The Miner plum that has for so long a time been the cause of fruit- less disappointment, this year made up for its past delinquencies by superabundance of fruit. In Iowa City market they sold as low as fifty cents per bushel. Grapes, which are raised in Johnson county by the ton, find a market in Nebraska, Minnesota, and in the western and northwestern portions of the State, and during the vintage the express companies are kept busy in their shipment. They net the vineyardists from one and one-half to four 364 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY, cents per pound. They have been free from rot and the depredations of insects the last year. Concord is the onl}- variet}'- that finds its way to market. All others are only raised in quantities sufficient to meet the wants of the grower for home consumption. Pears were more abundant this \'ear than usual, 3-et I know of no one who is raising them to any extent. The apple men on the street corners buy all that are offered in the market, and cannot get enough of them to supply their customers. The Snyder blackberry has been introduced to some extent and has given good satisfaction thus far, but in this district it has been subjected to no such ordeal of extreme cold as it is now passing through: nor has it ^•et been subjected to one of our driest summers. Currants and gooseberries are receiving less attention than formerly, being crowded out by the raspberry, of which Doolittle, Mammoth Clus- ter and Purple Cane are the leading sorts. The Wilson is the standard among strawberries, but not enough are raised for home use, the market supply being furnished from southern Illinois by way of Chicago." In 18>«1 Mr. Lathrop reported thus: "The year 18S1 has not been a favorable one for fruit-growers of the fifth district. All our fruits, except strawberries and raspberries, were in very meagre quantity. It was hardly to be expected that a full crop of apples would immediately succeed such a bountiful one as we harvested in ISSO, for in that year many of our trees were so over-loaded with fruit that a year's rest became one of their necessities. The Fameuse has surpassed all other varieties in productiveness, many of the trees being heavily loaded. The next in order of fruitfulness were Grimes' Golden, Willow Twig, Maiden's Blush, Lowell and Janet. The price has ranged from fifty cents for summer and early fall sorts, to $1.60 per bushel for winter varieties, and at the latter price, there are now but few apple9»in the market. [December 20.]" CYRUS Sanders' report. In 1858 Cyrus Sanders, of Iowa City, wrote to the fruit committee of the State fair, as follows: "I have been cultivating fruit in Iowa seventeen years, and have suc- ceeded best with the following sorts of the apple (all things considered): Early Red, Maiden's Blush, Yellow Bellflower, Red Astrachan, Daniel Apple, Fameuse, or Snow, Genitan, Red June, Red Stripe, Early Har- vest, Summer Queen, White Pippin and Vandevere, all hardy trees, good bearers and good truits. My orchard i^ situated on a northern slope of prairie, and is surrounded, except on the east, with timber, and has not been injured by the winters, except in 1855-G and '56-7, and then the old trees were most affected ; but / have not failed in a cro-p of fruit since my trees commenced bearing^ HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 365 FLOWERING OF FRUIT TREES FROM 1848 TO IS 70. T. V. ■/. ■s. a 3i YEARS. ^J "o r cc y. % < Pea o U _3 I— 1 ^j Qui 1848. 1849. 1850 . 1851 . 1852. 1853. 1854. 1855 . 1856. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865 . 1866. 1867, 1868 . 1869, 1870 , Apr. 23. May 3 . May 3 . May 3 . Mav 10. May 4. Apr. 24. Apr. 29. Mav 12. May 12. MaV 4. jMaV 4. IxMav 8. ilNIay 1. I May 12. I MaV 3. LMaV 10. May 3 . May 24. MaV 18. May 10. May 5 . Mav 5. Apr. 16. May 5 . MaV 1 . MaV 1 . May 10. Apr. 30. Apr. 20. May 1 . May 10. May 8 . May 1. May 2. May 4. xApr. 25. May 1 , Mav 8 . MaV 1, May 20. May 18. Mav 7 . Apr. May May MaV May May Ajir. Mav May MaV May Apr. May 18 . !Apr. 2.1 Mav l.MaV l.;Apf. 5. jMav 1. MaV 22. 1. 9. 6. 1. Ma^ iApr. Mav Apr. Mav MaV MaV Apr. Apr. Apr. xMav May MaV MaV 30. j Apr. 6. May . . . Apr. ...iMav 27.1 Apr. 4. 'May 27. MaV MaV MaV MaV MaV 21. 4. 4. 29. 1. 3. 21. 10. 12. 8. 10. 30. 7. 23. 6. 17. 14. 6. 30 . 27. Apr. May 'May Apr. Mav May May May May May Apr. May 30.JMay 7 . 1 May l.jMay 14. 1 May 12.! May 4.|May 3. May 25. 1 Apr. 1. 2. 3. 24. 9. 1. 8. 1. 16. 16. 9. 4. o. 3. 20. 1. 15. 12 . May 10 May 5 , Apr. 24. May 10, May 12, Mav 5 May 8 , MaV 5 May 10, May 17 May 10, MaV 25, June 6, 1S67, the Graham township's Big Grove " Union " Fremont " Madison " Pleasant Valley " Hardin " " Aionroe " Oxford Scott " Sharon " Iowa City " Jefterson " Clear Creek Cedar " Liberty " Washington " Newport " Penn " LAND VALUES BY TO\VNSHIPS. following equalization of land per acre was made: av. assessed value per acre, $6.66^2 add 5 per cent. 6.2912 add 5 per cent. " " " 5.64 add 5 per cent. " " " 5.191 as it is. " " " 5.901^ add 5 per cent. " " " 8.1514; as it is. '3.73>< add 20 per cent. " " " 4.78 J8 add 5 per cent. " " " 4.S7' add 5 per cent. " " " 8.8 Kb deduct 5 per cent. « " " 7.2s I > as it is. " 14.^4 add 10 per cent. " " " 6.34 as it is. " " " hJ^'6 add 5 per cent. " " " 6.56 add 5 per cent. " " " 7.90 deduct 10 per cent. " " " 6.51 deduct 5 per cent. " " " 8.71 deduct 20 per cent. " " " 7.75 deduct 10 per cent. 366 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. June 10, 1875: The board then proceeded to the equalization of the assessment of the several townships as required by section 832, Code of 1873, and it was ordered that the assessment be equalized as follows: Big Grove township, add 10 per cent making average per acre $9.05; Cedar township, remain as returned, making average per acre $9.55; Clear Creek township, add 10 per cent, making average per acre $9.95; Fremont township, remain as returned, making average per acre $10.13; Graham township, add S per cent, making average per acre $11.20; Hardin township, add 10 per cent, making average per acre $8.80; Jeflfer- .son township, add 10 per cent, making average per acre $7.95; Liberty township, add 10 per cent, making average per acre $9.35; Lincoln town- ship, add 15 per cent, making average per acre $11.12: Lucas township, remain as returned, making average per acre $20.45; Madison township, add 12 per cent, making average per acre $9.85; Monroe township, remain as returned, making average per acre $8.98; Newport township, remain as returned, making average per acre ^8.30; Oxford township, deduct 4 per cent, making average per acre $9.80; Penn township, add 4 per cent, making average per acre $10.55; Pleasant Valley township, add 5 per cent, making average per acre $10.08; Scott township, add 7 per cent, makmg av^erage per acre $11.56; Sharon township, remain as returned, making average per acre $11.20; Union township, add 25 per cent, making average per acre $9.93; Washington township, add 5 per cent, making average per acre $10.30 ; Coralville, corporate, add 20 per cent; Iowa City, corporate, remain as returned. THE BIRD QUESTION. Those farmers or horticulturists who care to, stud}' the question of what kinds of birds are beneficial and what kinds are crop stealers, will find a verv valuable report on a long series of careful experiments by Miss M. J. Grossman, w^hile a student in the State Agricultural College at Ames. Her report is published in the Transactions of the State Horticul- tural Societ}^ for 1881, Vol. 16, pp. 264 to 276. It is the most thorough work of the sort that has yet been done in Iowa, up to September 1, 1882, and is especiallv valuable to orchardists and small fruit grow ers, as well as to farmers generally. BEE-KEEPING IN JOHNSON COUNTY. From an article on his Experience with bees, written by Rev. Oscar Clute, of Iowa City, for the Western Stock yonrnal and Farmer^ of December, 1881, we quote a few passages which specially show what kinds of bloom occur in this region which serve for bee pasture, and their several seasons of blooming; and it also gives some figures of financial results in bee-farming: " 8. This year ' winter lingered long in the spring.' Great snow-banks were on my lawn until April 10. April 15 the bees, which for more than five months had been in the cellar, were set out. iVpril 17 they began to bring in pollen. At a single bound the weather passed from winter to summer. The last half of April and all of May the weather was warm and clear. There w^as hardly a dav on which the bees could not fly. The HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 367 spring bloom was profuse. Willows, elms, cotton woods, boxelders, cherries, apoles, raspberries opened in rapid succession and gave sufficient honey and pollen to keep up brood-rearing- and to allow a little to be stored. Honey from raspberries had ceased but a short time before the earliest white clover was open. Soon the fields were covered with its starry car- pet of green and white, but it vielded honev only moderately. At no time during the season did it yield so largeh' as is sometimes reported. Linn gave an abundance of bloom and it seemed to ^^eld honey, but sev- eral rainv and windy davs kept the bees in the hives, and washed the honev from the bloom. It yielded but a moderate surplus. White clover continued to yield in small quantities after linn was gone, the season seem- ing to be prolonged by copious rains. After the middle of July the weather became drv, but the ground was so saturated that the clover continued to bloom for some time. The drv weather was severe and long-continued. Very little rain fell for six weeks. I had expected that there would be scarcely any fall bloom, and no fall honey worth mentioning. But the reverse w^as the case. We had a heavv flood in the Iowa river about July 12. The water swept evervthing before it. The bottom lands were cleaned of all crops and weeds. Then heartsease grew up in great pro- fusion. There were man}- acres of it. It began to 3-ield soon after white clover ceased. The flow from it was not ver}- copious, but it was steady' Frosts held off for full a month longer than usual, and during this added month the days were mostly clear and warm. •' 0. From the thirty colonies I increased to one hundred and forty. I took two thousand and five hundred pounds of honey, nearly all extracted. Tiie honev is selling at 1.5 cents a pound. The crop is worth $375. The bees are worth $S a colony, making the one hundred and ten colonies of increase worth $SSO: total, $1,'255. My expenses for hives, frames, foun- dation, paint, labor and sundries were $305, giving a net gain of $950. Mv bees in the spring were worth $l<.i a colony or $300 for thirty colo- nies. The gain has therefore been 316 per cent." 368 HISTORV OF JOHNSON COUNTY CHAPTER VL— PART 1. Newspapers and Libraries — History of the "Iowa City Republican" — History of the "State Press" — Other Newspapers, etc. — History of the Masonic Library — Ot the State Uni- versity Library — Of the State Historical Society's Library — State Librarians, Prof. Par- vin and Mrs. Norlii. THE IOWA CITY REPUBLICAN. The lotva Standard was started October 23, 1840, at Bloomington, [now Muscatine] by Wm. Cruni and W. D. Bailey, as an organ of the whig party. Twenty-seven numbers of the paper were published at Bloomington, or till Thursday, April 2!), 1841. This number contained the announcement of the death of President Harrison, and had all its column rules turned bottomjupwards, making sorrowful black lines, indica- tive of the nation's deep, sad mourning. Mr. Crum had now become the sole proprietor, and had decided to move to Iowa City, and cast his fortunes with the rising young capital city of the newest territory. Accordingly the next number of the paper is called The loxua City Standard, and is dated Iowa City, I. T., Thurs- day, June 10, 1841. The press and types were hauled up from Muscatine by Ebenezer M. Adams, with his ox team, and the first printing office was located on Clin- ton street, in a building owned by Charles H. Berryhill. In December, 1842, the paper was enlarged to six columns, assuming the motto, — "Principles and Men," in opposition to the detnocratic creed of "Principles, not Men." In August, 1842, Mr. A. P. Wood, a journeyman in the office, became associated in the editorial management of the paper. In June, 1843, it again suspended for a few weeks, owing, Mr. Crum told his patrons, to the "great difficult}^ experienced in collect- ing means for its maintenance." In the presidential campaign of 1844, the Standard supported Clay and Freviinghuysen, the editor graciously acknowledging on November 20, that he was "candidly of the opinion" that Henry Clay was beaten. On December 26, 1844, Mr. Crum sold out his interest to Wood. Of the original proprietors, we lose sight of Mr. W. D. Baile}^ immediately upon his disposing of his interest. Mr. Williarn Crum resided in Iowa City until his death. About 1854, the late Hon. Rush Clark became temporarily the editor, although he was not yet twenty years of age. Mr. A. P. Wood, after managing the paper alone for a short time, associated with him Mr. W. Penn Clarke. The two continued to conduct the Standard until June 17, 1856, when it passed into the hands of Mr. Silas Foster. Col. Wood is now a resident of Dubuque, and is the author of the war history of Iowa, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 369 in the earlier pages of this volume. Mr. W. Penn Clarke now resides in Washington, D. C. Mr. Foster, soon after taking charge of the paper, secured the services of the late General Easten Morris in an editorial capacity. The year 1S4S, the time of the Taylor campaign, found the Standard^ tinancially speaking, in a precarious condition, and sometime during the summer of that year, between April and July, the Standard was transferred to an entirely new management, and after another short suspension, appeared under the editorial charge of S. M. Ballard, with the new caption of The Republican. From Mr. Ballard's charge it passed to the management of Mr. H. W. Lathrop, then to Mr. John Teesdale. Mr. Lathrop, we believe retaining editorial management. In 1856, on June the 6th, The Republican first appeared in a daily edition, under the loca- editorship of C. W. Hobart, Esq., and was kept up about one year. On March 10, 1858, TJie Republican passed into the hands of Messrs. Jerome & Duncan. Mr. Teesdale removed to Des Moines and became edi- tor of the State Reoister. Mr. Lathrop retired to his farm near Iowa City, where he still resides an honored authority on almost all agricultural topics. On December 9, 1863, Messrs. Jerome & Duncan disposed of The Republi- can to Mr. N. H. Brainerd. In December, 1864, Mr. Brainerd associated with him Mr. Breitigan, who remained in part proprietorship until May 4, 1865, when the senior partner assumed exxlusive control. In 1870, Mr. Brain- erd disposed of a half interest in the paper to J. H. C. Wilson, Esq. The firm continued to conduct The Republican until October, 18'?4, running a dail}' for a short time during the campaign of 1872. During this period of its existence it was troubled by serious "domestic infelicities," of such importance that it seemed for a time that the days of the paper were num- bered; this result was averted, however, by the purchase, in the month above mentioned, of Mr. Brainerd's interest by Capt. Sam. D.Pryce, Mr. Brainerd retiring to private life, after a semi-public experience of eleven years, and a longer proprietorship of The Republican than any one previ- ous. It next passed into the hands of Wilson, Rogers & Shields. The Republican printing office, for some years, occupied rooms on Clinton street, in the block adjoining the St. James hotel — the same rooms where this book of history was written. On the 15th day of September, 1879, the office was purchased by a joint stock companv, and removed to its present eligible and commodious quarters on the corner of Washington and Dubuque streets. The new ownership was styled " The Republican Publishing Company," and con- sisted of Capt. S. D. Pryce, president; C. D. Close, W. R. Shields, S. J. Kirkwood, T. C. Carson, D. W. C. Clapp, W. A. Fry, W. H. Hubbard, J. E. Stuart, H. H. Seeley, W. J. Haddock. J. C. Cochran, J. C. Shrader, E. G. Fracker, J. C. Stoufter, E. Whitaker, S. E. Woodstock, J. E. Stew- art, J. A. Stevenson, J. H. Whetstone, J. H. C. Wilson, J. W. Durham, 370 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY, H. W. Lathrop, G. W. Marquardt, R. H. Finkbine, Dr. E. F. Clapp, D. A. Jones, O. A. Price, P. Shaver. The management of the paper was oiven to the board of directors, who employed a full force of workmen. The editorial management was entrusted to Mr. Welker Given, of Des Moines [son of Gen. Josiah Given, who is now circuit judge in the 5th judicial district], with Mr. I. S. Gilli- land, a university graduate, as city editor. For business manager, Mr. Wm. H. Hubbard was selected. Early in May, 1881, Messrs. Pryce, Wilson, Hubbard, Kirkwood and other stockholders disposed of their stock to H. S. Fairall. The board of directors was reorganized with Geo. W. Marquardt, Esq., as president. Mr. Fairall was chosen editor and manager of the paper, and Mr. J. F. Hoover superintendent of the mechanical department. It is a curious coincidence that Mr. H. S. Fairall, the present editor of the Republican, is son-in-law to Ebenezer M. Adams, the man who hauled the printing material of the Standard o^at up to Iowa City from Muscatine wilh his ox-team, in 1840. At the annual meeting of the stockholders in January, 1882, the follow- ing officers were chosen: President— Dr. E. F. Clapp. Secretary — E. E. Brainerd. Treasurer — Wilbur R. Shields. Board of "directors — E. F. Clapp, E. E. Brainerd, J. F. Hoover, and H. S. Fairall. Messrs. Fairall and Hoover were continued in their old positions, and Mr. Zach. Seeman was given the management of the bindery, a new and complete branch of the office, which had just been added. Mr. H. S. Kneedler was chosen city editor. In August, 1882, J. C. Cochran appears as treasurer, and Fred O. Newcomb as business manager. The office contains two large Potter cylinder presses — one for news- paper and one for book work; also two smaller job presses — all driven by steam power. The outfit of types is very complete, having cost, together with the machinery, it is claimed, $10,000. From this office are published the Republican, (daily and weekly — a state edition and a home edition of the latter); the Videlte-Rcporter. (weekly — the University paper); the Volksfreund, (weekly — German Republican paper); \.\\ graduated at Yale College in 1831, and Princeton Theological Seminary in 1834. She graduated at the Ohio Female College, near Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1859. Her husband was secretary to Governor William M. Stone, 1864 to 1868, and died in 1870. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 381 CHAPTER VL— PART 2. EDUCATIONAL MATTERS. First Schools and Colleges. — Public Schools. — Local History of the Stale University. — Johnson County People in other State Institutions. FIRST SCHOOL. The first school in Johnson county was established by Jesse Berry, in 1840, in a small frame building, situated on College street, Iowa City. This house was still standing, in October, 1882, being then in use by J. B. Schofield as a rag carpet weaving house. The building is sided with oak clapboards which were split and shaved by David Cox, Esq., who now lives in Pleasant Valle}' township, on the site of the old Poweshiek Indian village and Gilbert's trading house. [See diagram on page 207.] He also made the shingles in the same way. The original floor and the laths were also split lumber instead of sawed. The house is only one story high; stands on the north side of College street between Clinton and Capital streets; was used for some years as sheriff's office, and for other public purposes; is an interesting relic and landmark of the city's early days; and is probably the oldest house now standing in the city. mechanics' ACADEMY. — [nOW, MERCY HOSPITAL.] In 1811 the Mechanics' Mutual Aid Association was organized by the mechanics of Iowa Cit}'. James M. Ball was president, and Thomas Combe, secretary. They applied to the Legislature for a donation of land on which to erect a building exclusivel}'' for school and library pur- poses. They were given the half block next east of the city park, where Mercy Hospital now stands; and in 1841 the Association erected the two- story brick building, which now forms the front or westward of Mercy Hospital. The Association failed ultimately to comply with the terms of the grant, and hence the property reverted to the State. In 1860 the Uni- versity board leased this building for a term of five years, for the use of the Normal department, at an annual rental of iJJSOO; but by an act of the General Assembly, March 26, 1866, it was donated to the University. When the building was erected, it was said to be the finest school building then in the territory of Iowa. The corner stone was laid on June 14, 1842. There was so much public interest and enthusiasm about it that the occasion was made a general gala day, as will be seen from the following newspaper report published at the time: LAYING OF THE CORNER STONE OF THE MECHANICS' ACADEMY. "Tuesday last [June 14, 1842,] was a proud day for the members of the Mechanics' Mutual Aid Association of this city. Agreeably to invitation, the citizens assembled about 2 o'clock, in the temporary State-house, for the purpose of forming a procession and marching to the building, to wit- 382 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. ness the ceremonies of laying the corner stone of the Mechanics' Academy. Business was suspended and all classes left their occupations, and devoted the afternoon to the recreations attendant upon the occasion. " The procession formed about -i o'clock, and after marching through the principal streets of the city, proceeded to the ground. At the head of the procession we noticed different clergymen of the city, next came the invited guests of the association, then the officers of the association, the teachers and children of the different schools, and a large concourse of cit- izens brought up the rear. The choir of the Methodist Protestant Church lent their aid in the entertainment," The following was the announcement of the opening of the school: "The trustees of the Mechanics' Academy of Iowa City beg leave to inform the public that they have made such arrangements as will enable them to open the female department of the institution on the first Monday of June next [1843]. The services of an accomplished lady, favorably known as teacher, both here and elsewhere, have been secured, and so long as she remains principal of the female department, parents can have no excuse for withholding their patronage. The academy edifice is beau- tifull}^ situated on the east side of the park, in the center of the city. It is entirely new, and the superiority of its size and style of architecture never fails to attract the favorable notice of strangers. Surrounded by prairie scenery too splendid for description, and favored by a pure and salubrious atmosphere, this institution enjoys advantages seldom combined. The trustees assure the public that every exertion will be made by the Mechanics' Mutual Aid Association, to render their academy the first and best literary institution west of the Mississippi. IOWA CITY COLLEGE. • This is the next in order of time. There was an "academic mania" in Iowa City from about 1842 to 1845, and so many crazy starts were made that they fizzled each other out, and all came to naught at last. The fol lowing official report explains itself: At a meeting of the board of trustees of the Iowa City College, held On the first Monday (3d day) of April, A. D., 1843, present. Rev. JameS L. Thompson, John M. Colman, Geo. B. Bowman, William C. Reagan, Edward K. Hart, Anson Hart, Augustus E. Mc Arthur, Curtis Bates, John Demoss, Leonard Jewett, Peter H. Patterson, Robert Hamilton, Jesse Bowen, Stephen B. Gardner, and James P. Carleton, who were all duly sworn in pursuance to the charter, by Fernando H. Lee, a justice of the peace in and for Johnson county, territory of Iowa. On motion of Stephen B. Gardner, the meeting was organized by appointing Jno. M. Colman, president fro tcin^ and James P. Carleton, secretary fro tern. On motion of P. H. Patterson, the meeting proceeded to an election of officers, Jesse Bowen and A.E. McArthur acting as tellers* HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 38^ On the first ballot Rev. Jas. L. Thompson was elected president; on the first ballot Anson Hart was elected secretary, and on the second ballot Augustus E. McArthur was elected treasurer. The officers having taken their seats, on motion, a committee was appointed to draft a code of by-laws for the government of the board, and required to report the same at the next meeting. John M. Colman, Wil- liam C. Reagan, James P. Carleton, Jesse Bowen and Joseph Williams were appointed said committee. On motion of P. H. Patterson, it was decided that measures be adopted to procure as soon as practicable, a competent professor of languages; whereupon a committee was appointed for that purpose, consisting of Peter H. Patterson, John M. Colman, and Jas. L. Thompson, with power to make arrangements with the trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in this city, for suitable rooms in said church, for college purposes, until such time as a college edifice shall be erected; said committee was also authorized to solicit donations either by the employment of an agent, or otherwise, as they may think proper, for the purpose of carrying into effect the objects of the charter, and also to employ forthwith a male and a female teacher for the primary department of the college. A committee, consisting of Rev. B. Weed and George B. Bowman, was appointed to la}- before the Rock River Conference, at its next annual meeting, the charter of this institution, and the proceedings of the board, and to solicit the conference to take the institution under its patronage. On motion, a ten cent piece with the name of the president written across it was adopted as a seal for the present use of the board, and Jesse Bowen appointed to procure from an artist of this city, a permanent seal for the institution. It was oi'dered, that the secretary procure the publication in the papers of this city of the proceedings of this meeting, signed by the president and countersigned by the secretary. On motion, the board adjourned to meet on the last Monday in May next, at 1 o'clock P. M., at the office of Patterson & Carleton. James L. Thompson, President. Anson Hart, Secretary. SNETHEN SEMINARY. In 18i4 the Methodist Protestant denomination established a school at Iowa City with the above title. A religious paper, called The Col-porteur^ was commenced to be published at Iowa City in November, 1844, and the first number of it speaks thus of the " Snethen Seminary:" After the Rev. Mr. Talbot had contracted for the Mechanics Academ}^, in Iowa City, for a common school department, as well as for a department to qualify youth to enter upon their collegiate course of study, the quarterly conference in the M. P. Church of Iowa Citv, in order to afford to young men the facility of completing their whole course of study without removal,, resolved to establish a collegiate and theological 384 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. department in their meeting-house, both stories of which were to be fitted up for the purpose, and occupied till other necessary buildings could be obtained. It was also resolved to throw the seminary, thus orf^anized, under the control of the annual conference. The conference adopted an elaborate plan of organization and manage- ment, providing a preparatory, a collegiate, and a theological department, with a specially extensive curriculum for the latter. The managers appointed were: Trustees. — William Patterson, John C. Coleman, Wm. B. Snyder, Thomas Snyder, treasurer; E. Metcalf, L. S. SwafTord, John Conn. Professors. — Nicholas Snethen, president; Wm. K. Talbot, John N. Coleman, Ward D. Talbot, W. B. Snyder, of sacred music. The same pauper contams report of $200 contiubuted for this seminary in small sums by members of the M. P. denomination in Illinois. But nev- ertheless it was a "weak sister," and never gained any very substantial foothold or fame as an institution of learning, and soon died out entirely. The M. P. denomination was a combination of Methodist doctrine with Congregational church polity — that is, Methodists who rejected the epis- copacy or government by bishops. INSTITUTE FOR THE BLIND Was established at Iowa City, January 10, 1853, with Samuel Bacon as principal. Mr. Bacon himself was a blind man; and it is remembered as a remarkable circumstance that he would go alone all over the city, would find any store or office he wished to, and could recognize persons he was acquainted with by their walk, even before hearing them speak. The legislature appropriated $3,000 per annum for the support of this institute, to which was added $25 admission fee for each pupil. By the judicious management of Mr. Bacon, a surplus of $5,000 was deposited in the treasury at the time of his relinquishing the charge of the institution. It was removed to Vinton, Iowa, in 1862. Mr. Bacon afterward went to Nebra^^ka and the State blind asylum at Nebraska City was established under his management in 1875. The writer hereof has often seen him going about the streets of that city entirely alone, just as he used to do here. His facility in this regard was a stand- ing marvel to the people. The following additional points are of Johnson county interest. First Board of Trustees. — Robert Walker, of Johnson county, president; Geo. W. McCleary, of Johnson county, secretary; Robert Huchinson, of Johnson county, treasurer. Samuel Bacon, principal of the institution. Number of blind reported in the State in 1859, 190; number of pupils in the institution, 'M\. From the report of Mr. S. Bacon, superintendent, made to the legislature in December, 185-1, the following is taken: "The course of instruction and division of time is as follows: The pupils rise at half-past 5 o'clock a. m.; geography from 6 to 7, breakfast and recess from 7 to 8, arithmetic and algebra from 8 to 9, recess ten minutes, one hour grammar and writing, ten minutes recess, one hour instrumental HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 385 music and reading print; from 12:30 to 2 p. m., dinner and recess; from 2 to 5 the pupils are engaged in some kind of work, the males in the manu- facture of brooms, &c., the females in sewing, knitting and bead work; supper and recess from 5 to 7, history from 7 to 8. The younger pupils retire at 9, the older ones at 10 p. m. In addition to the above course, the pupils '■eceive instruction on the piano, and geometry is taught to a small class. The news of the day is read to the pupils from the various papers sent to the institution, gratis. The pupils evince a great interest in their various pursuits, and feel grateful that there is a place provided for their education. "For the support of the institution the legislature made an appropriation of $3,000 per annum, to which was added a charge of $25 as an admis- sion fee for each pupil. This sum, together with the amount realized from the sale of articles manufactured by the pupils, such as brooms, brushes, &c., proved sufficient, under the judicious management of Mr. Bacon, to defray all the expenses of the institution, and leave an annual surplus in the treasury, which amounted, at the time of Mr. Bacon's removal, to $5,000. Mr. Bacon is blind, having lost his sight in the eighth year of his age. He was educated at the Institute for the Blind, at Columbus, Ohio. He organized and established the Blind Asylum at Jacksonville, 111. Mr. B. is a ripe scholar, and as a mathematician is excelled by few. In his removal from the superi.. tendency of the institution, the public have sus- tained a great loss, and the pupils have been deprived of a most efficient manager and sincere friend. "By an act of the legislature, the institution was removed to Vinton, in Benton county, in the year 1862." DEAF AND DUMB INSTITUTE. The Institution for the Deaf and Dumb was established at Iowa City by an act of the legislature of January 24, 1855. The number of deaf mutes then in the State was 301; number of pupils attending the institu- tion, 50. The first board of trustees was composed of the following named gentlemen: Hon. S.J. Kirkwood, Hon. E. Sells, W. Penn Clarke, J. P. Wood, H. D. Downey, Wm. Crum, and W. E. Ijams, principal. On the resignation of Mr. Ijams in 1862, the board appointed in his stead Mr. Benjamin Talbot, for nine 3'ears a teacher in the Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, who came well recommended as a suitable person to fill the position. He pledged to the institution a hearty devotion to its inter- ests, and the most earnest efforts to secure its advancement; and right well has he redeemed his pledge. The number of admissions to the insti- tution for the year 1862-3 was 63; for the year 1863-4, the number was 6i. The following is a list of the trustees and officers for the year 1866-7: Trustees — Gov. Wm. M. Stone, ex-officio, Hon. Ed. Wright, secretary of state, ex-officio, Hon. D. F, Wells, superintendent of public instruction, ex-officio. Officers. — N. H. Brainerd, president; B. Talbot, ex-officio, secretary; Thomas J. Cox, treasurer; T. M. Banbury, M. B. Cochran, M. D., Ben- amin Talbot, A. M., principal. 386 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Assistant Teachers^ etc. — Edwin Southwick, Ellen J. Israel, Conrad S. Zorbaugh, Henry A. Turton, Miss Lou J. Turton, Mrs. Mary B. Swan, matron; Mrs. Mary M. Askens, assistant matron; T. S. Mahan, M. D., physician. FIRST SCHOOL FUND APPORTIONMENT. March 1, lSi7, all of the townships except Monroe had made return of their school census — children between the a^es of 5 and 21 years — according to law, and received their first apportionment of school funds. (Naughty Monroe got none.) The following report of the county treas- urer shows from what sources the school fund was at that time derived: Am't rec'd for grocery licenses, fines, etc., in my last report $141.60 x\m't rec'd for school tax in my former report 166.86 Am't rec'd for grocery licenses and fines since my last report .... 80.00 Am't rec'd for school tax since my former report 125.00 Total $463.i6 The record then continues: The whole amount of school funds as reported by the treasurer in his hands on the Sth day of March, 18-17, being $46:3.46, and the whole num- ber of children in ten townships as returned by the school inspectors in the township on and before the first day of March, 1847, being 1,142. I have proceeded on this 9th day of March, 1847, to make an appor- tionment of the above fund among the townships, as follows, to-wit: To Iowa City township, having 413 children, the sum of $170.60 ~ ~ ' ' « u a 4t go J3 " " " " 45.86 " " " 39.57 " " " •' 37.61 " " " " 24 38 " u u cc ... 24.38 " " " " 24.38 " " " " 19.42 " " " 16.53 Big Grove i<. 11. 147 Libertv c( c; 111 Washington L ii. 96 Newport 1. l( 91 Pleas'nt Valley U (C 59 Scott C (( 59 Penn <• <( 59 Clear Creek ' ( c 47 Cedar ( . (( 40 Whole number returned . .1122 Whole am't sch'l fund . .$463.46 March 9, order given to Isaac Bowen, chairman of school inspec- tors in Scott twp., on treasurer for $ 24.38 March 11, order given to Robert Walker of Pleasant Valley twp. 24.38 March 31, order given to A. Gilliland of Clear Creek twp 19.42 April 12, order given to F. Bowman of Penn twp 24.38 May 4, order given to Wm. B. Ford of Liberty twp 45.86 June 16, order to J. H. Stover of Iowa City twp 170.60 Jul}' 9, order to B. Henyon, Newport twp 37 61 Sept. IS, order to S. H. Bonham, Washington twp 39.57 Nov. 13, order to D. W. Spurrier, Big Grove twp 60.73 SCHOOL FUND APPORTIONMENT — 1875. "The following is the April apportionment of school funds for Johnson county, for the year 1875. This apportionment includes the collections HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 387 of teachers, school house, contingent and special teacher's funds, for the quarter ending April 1, 1875, and the first semi-annual apportionment of the temporary fund for 1875: Township. Amount Cedar 2,200.27 Big Grove 1,976.57 Jefterson 1,201.06 Monroe 1,919.66 Oxford 2,182.08 Hardin 860.40 Madison 1,240.56 Penn 988.53 Clear Creek 1,229.52 Newport 1,403.04 Graham 2,403.05 Scott 1,732.69 Union 3,035.72 Township. Amount Washington , 2,088.70 Sharon 2,358.70 Liberty 1,555.24 Fremo'nt 2,392.08 Pleasant Valley 894.67 Lincoln I,418.b4 Lucas 3,861.10 Iowa City 11,696.03 Ind. Dist. Coralville 666.22 Ind. Dist. West Branch. 77.45 Total $49,102.18 LovELL Swisher, Trcisurer. SCHOOL FUNDS IN 1881. The State Auditor made in 1881 two apportionments of interest from the permanent school fund of the State. One of these apportionments was made on the 7th day of March, and the other on the 5th of Septem- ber. Johnson county was apportioned $4,146.40 for the year, on the basis of forty cents for each youth of school age, the total number of whom as reported was 10,366. But it seems that the amount of the State school interest fund only admitted of the sum of $2,208.34, being apportioned to Johnson county, leaving a deficiency due her of $1,938.06 for the 3'ear; and accordingly warrants on the revenue were drawn in her favor for this deficiency. This historian requested the countv superintendent to furnish for this history a statement for 1882, of total number of school children in the county; number, value, and location of school houses; number of teachers employed; average salaries; school tax levy; etc., etc. But no such state- ment has been received. The following statement published in 1870 is worth preserving here: In 1869, there were 136 schools, and 129 school buildings; nine of brick, two of stone, 115 frame, and three of logs, with an average attendance of 6,843 pupils, and 117 teachers. In addition to this there are seven private schools and two colleges. The average cost of tuition per pupil was thirty-five cents per week, and $28,739 84 was paid for instruction in the county schools. Value of school buildings $112,478 00. THE JOHNSON COUNTY TEACHERs' ASSOCIATION. At the teachers' institute in August, 1880, Supt. Wilson Blaine sug- gested that a teachers' association of Johnson county be organized; and by his personal eflbrt an organization was effected. J. C. Armentrout was 388 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. elected president; and the vice-presidents were, Miss Lydia McKray, Miss Tillie Dearman and Miss M. L. Slaight. Recording secretary, J. F. "Wicks; corresponding secretary, Ed. S. Loyd; treasurer, Miss Allie Hazen. During the first year of its organization the association held two regular meetings at Iowa City. Under the direction of the executive committee, township organizations have been formed in Union, Washington, and Fremont townships. The regular meetings of these associations have been well attended, and the teachers have responded cheerfully to the work assigned them by the executive committee. The Johnson County Teacher's Association met at the Iowa City High School building, Friday, August 25, 1882. The forenoon was devoted to literary exercises. The afternoon session closed with the election of offi- cers, as follows: President — Wilson Blaine. Vice-Presidents — Miss Carrie Lewis, Ima Brooks and Maggie Paulus. Recording Secretar}^ — Miss Nellie Clearman. Corresponding Secretary — Mr. Roland Sherburn. Treasurer — Miss Hattie Applegate. Executive Committee — Prof. J. C. Armentrout, Prof. Amos Hiatt, Miss Hattie Smith and Miss Emma Vandenburg. LOCAL HISTORY OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY. The origin and general history of the State University is given in the general State history which occupies the earlier pages of this volume. But there are many matters pertaining to the University, which are more especially local to Iowa City and Johnson county — and these are presented here. THE OLD CAPITOL BUILDING. The old capitol building, now the key-stone of the University group, will doubtless continue for many years to be the most important edifice in Johnson county. Hence, the following report on the progress of its erec- tion, the difficulties encountered, where building materials were procured, etc., is worth preserving: report of the superintendent of public buildings. Office of Superintendent of Public Buildings, ) lowA City, December 1, 1842. f To the Honorable^ the Council and the House of Representatives : In obedience to law, I hereby submit my annual report, as Superintend- ent of public buildings at Iowa City. On entering upon the duties of my office, I received from my predecessor tools used in the quarry, and for the workmen in the building; also, a set of blacksmith tools, some iron, and some steel; likewise, the window frames and sash for the two upper stories of the capitol, a portion of the timber for the roof, which was HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 389 partly framed, some oak flooring, and some rough boards, and other tim- ber on and about the building. My first obiect was to consult the territo- rial agent, in relation to the means within his control for carrying on the work. I examined the old quarry, and found that the means of the oflice would not justify even a commencement there. I lost no time in making the necessary examinations, and succeeded in finding a fine bed of rock on the bank of the Iowa river, about ten miles northeast of the city, which presented a very promising appearance. Immediately, I set hands to work to open the quarry, and also in preparing boats for the transporta- tion of the rock, and on the first day of April commenced stone cutting at the capitol. On the commencement of the masonry, the walls of the cap- itol presented a very irregular appearance, varying in height about seven feet, the east front being to the top of the upper windows, while a part of the west front was but a little above the lower part of the same tier of windows. The east front has been carried up fi-om the lower part of the antcC-caps a height of eight feet, and a portion of the west front has been carried up fifteen feet. I succeeded in completing the south gable, but owing to the low stage of the river in the fall, it was impossible to trans- port rock down, for the north gable end, except at an increased expense, which would have been incompatible with the state of the funds in the hands of the agent. I therefore enclosed it roughly with boards. The whole number of cubic feet laid into the walls of the capitol, since the first of last April, are fifteen thousand, eight hundred and eighty-three. Of superficial feet of cut stone, t'our hundred and fifty-six, and of superfi- cial feet in moulded cut stone, or antee-caps, four hundred and eight. The masonry of this part of the building has been the most expensive, it being nearly all solid, and the face of it all cut stone. The roof is substantially framed, and braced with strong iron bars and bolts at every part where it was thought to be necessary to add to its strength and durability. It is covered with Alleghany pine shingles, which were purchased at Cincinnati. The roofs of the porticos are framed and extended to the front of the building, in a situation to be joined to, with convenience, when the porticos are ready for covering. The cornices are in an unfinished state. The cupola is completed to its first contraction or diminish, and temporaril}^ covered. Four rooms have been prepared, and every arrangement made for the accommodation and comfort of the legislature in the new edifice that has been in my power to make. And I mainly attribute the consummation of the favorable result, to the untiring energy and skillful management of the territorial agent in the financial department. The law defin- ing the duties of the Superintendent of Public Buildings, requiring him to keep an account of the expenditures, has to some extent been superseded by the act of last session, which requires the territorial agent to sell lots for work and materials on the capitol. I therefore refer your honorable body to the report of the territorial agent for an exhibit of the expendi- tures on the capitol for the present year. All of which is respectfully sub- mitted, W. B. Snyder, Superintendent of Public Buildings, 25 390 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY, Stone- quarry. CHURUH STREET. FAIRCHILD STREET BLOOMINGTON STREET a zl Q ■Jl MARKET STREET. I EXPLANATION. A, Central liall (the old state house, but now the main university building.) B, Library hall (old north hall). C, Clasgical hall (old south hall). D, Medical hall E, Armory, and art hali. P, Homeopathic medical department. 0, Mercy Hospital (clinic hall). H, Observatory (Sidereal Hall). 1, Professor Hinrich's central station of the Iowa state weather service. K, Unitarian church. L, Congregational church. M, Methodist Episcopal church. N. Catholic church. P-O, Post-office. Q. Presbyterian church. R, Iowa City Academy (University pre- paratory). S, St. Joseph's Institute (catholic). T, St. Agatha's Seminary (cathoHc). U, City hall (city offices, fire-engines, etc.) W, City High School Building. c« JEFFERSON STREET. Q •< S B : 1 1 ■■ < A 1 • 1 '■' : t- \ 1 • H ; a. E H — c • S 1 '^ i ^ 1 » 1 1 H H W tx M 2S u 'i3 1 « W H H ! .7J 7J C5 ^ IOWA AVENUE. WASHINGTON STREET. Diagram showing the location of all buildings connected with the State University, and other public buildings or places in the same vicinity. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 391 NOTES ON THE DIAGRAM. A. The central edifice — formerly the State Capitol — is of the Doric order in architecture; John F. Rague, of Springfield, Illinois, was the architect. It is 60 feet east and west, by 120 feet north and south, and two stories high above the basement, facing Iowa Avenue, which corres- ponds in width to its length. It is built of limestone, rough hewn, except the basement, facings, pilasters and gables, which are of cut stone. The foundation walls are six feet thick, and sunk to an average depth of six feet below the natural surface of the ground, and thoroughly grouted. Those of the basement are four feet thick, and ot the lower story three, and of the upper, two feet. The basement walls are capped with a water table of cut stone sixteen inches thick, which projects sixteen inches from the exterior face of the walls. The stone used is all fossil-bearing lime- stone of the Devonian age of geology. At the main entrance from the east is a portico, supported by four mas- sive columns, 12 feet in advance of the walls of the upper stories. The east and west fronts are the same in style and finish, except that the west portico, deemed superfluous, has not been constructed. On each of the fronts are eight pilasters, each four feet wide, and projecting ten inches from the face of the walls, with cut stone caps supporting the architrave. Through the centre of the first and second stories from east to west is a vestibule, 30 feet wide, intersected by a hall, 7 feet wide, through the center of the first story from north to south. On either side of the hall is a suite of rooms, one of which has been appropriated for the President's office, and the others for recitation. The entire north half of this floor is devoted to lecture room, laboratory, working cabinet, and working library of the department of natural science, under Prof. Samuel Calvin. The hall and vestibule are formed by interior brick walls, eighteen inches thick. Those of the vestibule extend to the roof, and support the base of the cupola. In the center of the vestibule is a flight of spiral stairs, lead- ing to the upper apartments. The upper story originally consisted, aside from the vestibule, of two large rooms, each -13 by 52 feet, the one on the north occupied by the Senate, and on the south by the House of Repre- sentatives. These have since been sub-divided and appropriated for lec- ture room and library of the law department; and the large northeast room to the cabinet or museum of natural history. B. Library hall, the north building, is 61x90 feet, of brick, and two stories above basement. The first floor is entirely occupied by the depart- ment of physics and chemistry, in charge of Prof. G. Hinrichs. The second floor was originally designed and built for a chapel, its internal plan being of the approved English type of church architecture, with elaborately ornamental stained glass windows allowing only a very '•'■dim religious light" within. But that foolishness was all changed in 1882, and this grand room now serves the triple uses of library, reading-room, and 392 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. chapel. The general University hbrary occupies the north half of the room, all conveniently arranged on adjustable alcove shelves. The south half is the chapel and reading room, with open access to cyclopaedias, dictionaries, and other standard reference books. The gallery occupies the space over the vestibule, 13 feet deep, and is entirely occupied as a special librar}' and conservatory of State publications. C. Classical Hall, (formerly called the south building,) was erected under the superintendence of Thos. M. Banbury, is 45 feet east and west, bv lOS feet north and south, and is three stories high above the basement. The basement and facings are of cut stone, and the superstructure of brick. It was gotten up on the "cheap" order, for want of funds, and is a perpetual eye-sore to tastes aesthetic. Its most striking architectural feature is a duodecennial verbosity of chimneys. One large room is devoted to the department of elocution and oratory, serves also as gym- nasium for the lady students. The classical department, the engineering department, and the college society rooms, are likewise in this building. D. Medical Hall, 60x84 feet, four stories high, with French roof. Con- tains two large amphitheater lecture rooms, anotomical museum, medical library, professors' rooms, etc. Erected in 1882. Cost, $30,0U0. E. Armory, 30x40 feet, two stories; brick; French roof. The base- ment contains three large tubular boilers, from which all of the buildings grouped here in the campus are heated by steam conveyed to them sever- ally by underground pipes. The first floor is devoted to storage of arms, in-door drill, and g3aTmasium. The second floor is the drawing room or school of art. F. Homeopathic Medical Department, brick, 25x42 feet, two stories. Lecture room, special librar}^, offices, etc. G. Mercy Hospital, or "Clinic Hall." [See history of this institution in another place.] H. Observatory, or "Sidereal Hall;" brick, 26x60 feet, one high story, with rotunda 14 feet in diameter to give sky sweep for telescope. I. Prof Hinrich's residence, and the central station of the Iowa Weather Service. [See weather statistics, and cut of the building, in another part of this volume.] The other public buildings noted on the diagram are only such as hap- pened to fall within the plat which was necessary to show the relative loca- tion of all buildings connected with the State University. In 1882 a Dental department was added to the University, with a com- plete facult}^ and curriculum of its own. And a school of elocution and oratory was added to the collegiate department. The present working capital of the Univ^ersity is about $220,000, and the estimated value of its unsold lands, $15,600. In addition to this the University receives by law $20,000 annually from the State, and biennially an appropriation from the legislature for needed buildings and general HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 393 improvements. The annual income from various sources is estimated at $55,000. PREPARATORY SCHOOLS. The University does no college preparatory work. This is done by minor institutions; and up to 1881-82, the foUowinij^ schools through- out the State had established an adjunct preparatory relation with the State University, so that their graduates will be admitted to the Univers- ity freshman class without further examination: The Public High Schools of Anamosa, Bellevue, Burlington, Cedar Falls, Cedar Rapids, Charles City, Clinton, Cresco, Davenport, Des Moines (West), Greene, Hampton, Independence, Iowa City, Keokuk, Marengo, Marshalltown, Mason City, Muscatine, Onawa, Oskaloosa, Tama City, Waterloo (East), Waterloo (West). OTHER INSTITUTIONS — ^PREPARATORY. Algona Academy, Algona, Kossuth county. Burlington Collegiate Institute, Burlington, Des Moines county. Callanan College, Des Moines, Polk county. Decorah Institute, Decorah, Winneshiek county. Denmark Academy, Denmark, Lee county. Garden Grove Academy. Griswold College, Davenport, Scott county. Hopkinton Collegiate Institute, Hopkinton, Delaware county. Iowa City Academy, Iowa City. Springdale Seminary. Washington Academy, Washington, Washington county. W^ilton Academy, Wilton, Muscatine county. The number of University preparatory schools increases every year. professors' salaries, students, etc. Name. Elected. Chair. Salary. Josiah L. Pickard 1878. .. .President $2,800 N.R.Leonard 1860 Mathematics 1,615 L. F. Parker 1870 .... Greek language 1,615 A. N. Currier 1867 .... Latin language 1,615 S. N. Fellows 1867 Mental and moral philosophy 1,615 G. Hinrichs 1862 Physics 2,065 C. A. Eggert 1864 .... Modern languages 1,615 Susan F. "Smith 1881 English Hterature 1,615 Samuel Calvin 1873 .... Natural Science 1,615 P. H. Philbrick 1873 Civil Engineering 1,615 Lewis W. Ross 1881 .... Law Department 2,300 W. F. Peck 1870 Surgery 902 Five additional medical professors receive same salary. A. C. Cowperthwaite 1877 Homeopathy 1,330 In addition to the above, there are many minor salaries paid to the assistants of the various chairs, and to otiicers and employes of the Uni- versity, as shown by the following table: 39i HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Collegiate department, total salaries $22,535 Law department, total salaries 5,515 Medical department, total salaries ... 7,015 Homeopathic medical department, total salaries 2,232 Officers and employes 3,500 Total of annual salaries, 1881-82 $40,797 In addition to this sum for salaries, there was expended in the same time, for supplies and incidental current expenses in the several departments the sum of $8,330. The above items, together with the fact that the University brings from six to seven hundred students to be fed and clothed in Iowa City every year, will serve to show how largely and mtimately the business welfare of the city and surrounding countrv are dependent on the University. The number of students in 1881-82 was, in — Collegiate department 242 Law department 158 Medical department • 151 Homeopathic medical department 46 Total 597 During the year 1874-75 there were 623 students in the Universit}^ — seniors, 33; juniors, 36; sophomores, 37; freshmen, 40; sub-freshmen, 187; not in course, 90; law department, 106; medical department, 94. Of the whole number, 140 were female students. In the collegiate department, from 1860 to 1877 inclusive, the total num- ber of students was 2,994 ladies and 3,941 gentlemen. And this will show about the usual proportion of male and female students in this department. In the law and medical departments, of course the ladies are in much smaller proportion. At the opening of the fall term, 1877, there is a published record of the church preferences of the students, as follows: Episcopalian, sixteen; Christian, twenty-three; Congregational, seventy- five; Catholic, nine; no preference, fifty-three; Lutiieran, two; Baptist, thirty; Universalist, five; Presbyterian, sixty; Unitarian, one; Methodist, seventy-five; United Brethren, one; United Presbyterian, five. WHERE WERE THE BOYS? It is an interesting historic incident to note, that for several years of the great war period there were more girls than boys as students in the Uni- versity. But this is easily explained by the fact that the young men of the State were so largely drawn upon to serve in the nation's grand strug- gle for its life. In 1863 there were 124 of the University students serving as soldiers in the Union army. The following table will serve to show how the proportion of the sexes ran at this time: HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 395 Year. Male Students. Female students. Total. 1861 86 86 172 1862 118 136 254 1863 101 187 288 1864 177 255 432 1865 164 275 439 1867 362 306 668 1867 370 268 638 The war was over; the boys had returned from the army; the pursuits of peace again held sway; and from 1866 onward there were more male than female students, as there also had been before the war. TOTAL NUIVIBER OF GRADUATES. In 1858 there were six graduates from the University — one from the col- legiate department, and five from the normal department. This was the first year that any students received diplomas. In 1859-60-61-62 there were no graduates, except from the normal department, and in 1873 this department was discontinued. [The State Nonnal School at Cedar Falls not established until 1876.] The following table shows the total number of graduates from the dif- ferent departments of the State University, from the first year, 1858, up to June, 1882: Year. Normal. Collegiate. Law. Medical. Horn. Med. Total 1858 to 1875.. 172 139 331 93 735 1876 21 55 22 97 1877 24 74 33 111 1878 22 84 19 1 126 1879 19 100 15 3 137 1880 45 ni 22 9 187 1881 32 88 35 16 171 1882 40 342 132 975 48 267 16 45 236 Total 172 1801 LIBRARY. The general library was estimated, in 1881-2, to contain about 14,000 volumes, and the special libraries of the several departments, about 2,500 volumes — making a total of 16,500. Twenty-five newspapers, comprising dailies, semi-weeklies, weeklies and monthlies, are regularly donated to the library and reading-room. [See chapter on "Newspapers and Libra- ries."] MERCY HOSPITAL. June 25, 1873, Drs. J. C. Shrader and E. F. Clapp submitted to the count}'^ board the following: "1st. That through the munificence of the board of regents of the State University, the west half of the block in Iowa City heretofore known as the Mechanics' Academy, has been set apart for hospital purposes, to be 396 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. managed by the members of the medical department of the University and b}'- such members of the reonJar ■profession in Iowa City as may be necessar}' to insure the successful operation of the same. The nursing to be conducted by ladies especially educated for the care of the sick and known as the Sisters of Mercy. "2d. To guarantee the successful operation of the hospital it is necessary that the county agree to pay for six patients per week at the rate of four dol- lars per week, each patient, throughout the }'ear, and at that rate per patient, per week sent there by the county. "There are in the Insane Asylum from this county quite a number of insane patients that could be returned to their own county for treatment. "From a financial and humanitarian standpoint we ask your aid in ope- rating this institution. "The pay for the six patients to begin with the opening of the hospital for the reception of patients. "Ordered, that further consideration of the subject be postponed to Sep- tember session." September 5, Drs. Shrader and Clapp again reported to the board: "The undersigned, representing the medical faculty of the State Uni- versity, and acting in behalf of the regents and the medical profession of Johnson county, do respectfully represent that Mercy Hospital, now in process of preparation for patients, will soon be completed, and ready for their reception, and in view of the cost of its erection and maintenance and the public benefit conferred thereby, we do ask of your honorable body that it, for the county, undertake to maintain in the same six (6) beds at the same rate now paid out of the public treasury for the support of patients in the Institution for the Insane." "Pending consideration of the same. Supervisor Morsman presented the following resolution, which was adopted: '■'■Resolved^ That the auditor is herby authorized to contract with the medical depatment of the Iowa State University for the proper care and maintenance ot the two insane paupers now confined in the jail of this county, and as many of the insane now supported by this county in the Insane Hospital at Mt. Pleasant, as in the opinion of the superintendent of said hospital may be removed from that institution without endangering their prospects of recovery. The price to be paid by the county shall in no case be more than $3.20 per week for each insane pauper, nor more than is charged at the time at Mt. Pleasant, which sum shall cover all expenses for said pauper, including board, care, nursing, medical attend- ance, medicines and all incidentals except clothing, which last named arti- cle shall be furnished by the county." "The county shall have the right to terminate said contract at any time, when, in the opinion of the board of supervisors, the paupers are not properly cared for." The citizens of Iowa City have donated freely to the fund to start Mercy Hospital, giving $3,9<>0. The city gave $000, and the contribu- tions from citizens swelled the sum to nearly $4,000. The hospital is under the care and supervision of the order of the Sis- ters of Mercy. The Medical department of the State University of Iowa uses a large frame building adjoining the hospital, and all medical treat- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 397 ment and surgical operations are given free to patients of the hospital. The inmates simply pay the " Sisters of Mercy " the expense of board and nursing. The expense of light, fuel and repairs to the hospital is borne by the State, and is under the control of the board of regents of the State University, Dr. E. F. Clapp, Dr. J. C. Shrader and Dr. C. M. Hobby are the physicians connected with the hospital. The average number of patients as near as one physician can guess, is about 900 a year. The hospital has a bedding capacity of forty beds, all neatly arranged and kept in proper order. Dr. W. F. Peck, of Davenport, Dean of the State University Medical Faculty, says " Mercy hospital is a State institution ;" and yoX when we sought access to its records, and had obtained consent of all other persons officially concerned, he thrust in some sort of a cranky objection; and lo! the official records of a '■'■ State institution " were locked against the fair and legitimate uses of history. As we understand the case, he was afraid that our use of the records for a " History of Johnson County " would make it appear to be a county institution instead of a " State institution." The city and county records show that Mercy Hospital was established by the energy of Dr. E. F. Clapp, assisted by Dr. J. C. Shrader and the voluntary contributions of the city and her citizens. The hospital is not under the control of the Catholic Church, as has been stated and generally believed, but under the control of the Board of Regents of the State University, and superintended by the order of the Sisters of Mercy, who are especially devoted and consecrated to the divine work of ministering to the sick, and watching with the dying, to soothe the last hours of mor- tal sut^ering with woman's tender care. Mother Baremeo was the first Sister in charge of the hospital. The Sister now in charge is Sister Mary Isadore. DEPARTMENTS AND DEGREES. The State University now comprises the following general and sub-de- partments: COLLEGIATE DEPARTMENT. Degrees. c^i 1 f T 4-^ \ Classical Course, A. B.-A. M. School of Letters, -j philosophical Course, B. Ph.-Ph. D. School of Science, \ Scientific Course, B. S.-M^ Sc. ( Engmeenng Course, C. E. School of Oratory. Law Department, LL. B.-LL. D. Medical Department, M. D. Homeopathic Medical Department, M. D. Dental Department, D. D. S. While the Normal Department was kept up it conferred the degree of B. D. ; but since its discontinuance, this degree is conferred by the Col- 398 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. legiate Department upon those of its graduates who complete the required normal studies, and then pursue the vocation of teaching successfully for two years. The full sense of the degfree titles are: — A. B. — Bachelor of Arts. A. M.— Master of Arts. B. Ph. — Bachelor of Philosophy. Ph. D. — Doctor of Philosophy. B. Sc. — Bachelor of Science. M. Sc. — Master of Science. C. E. — Civil Engineer. LL. B. — Bachelor of Laws. LL. D. — Doctor of Laws. M. D. — Doctor of Medicine. D. D. S. — Doctor of Dental Surgery. B. D. — Bachelor of Didactics. D. D. — Doctor of Divinity. This honorary degree has been conferred a few times by the University upon clerg3'men who wanted it. M. Ph. — Master of Physics, or Physical Philosophy, is a degree con- ferred by some universities, but not yet here. After examining the above, the reader will be prepared to understand the titles given in the following COMPLETE LIST OF JOHNSON COUNTY GRADUATES. COLLEGIATE GRADUATES. The following list comprises all citizens of Johnson county who have graduated from the Collegiate Department of the State University, together with their year of graduation, their degrees received, etc.: 1858.— Dexter Edson Smith, B. S. 1863.— Charles E. Borland, A. B.; A. M., 1866; Nettie M. Hart, (Mrs. Emery), A. B.; A. M., 1865. 1864.— Mary Parvin (Mrs. Lee), A. B.; Emma M. Hart (Mrs. Rutan), B. S. 1867.— Laura C. Hutchinson (Mrs. Clark), A. B.; died 1871; Milton Remley, A. B.; A. M., 1872. 1868.— Alice Remley (Mrs. Glass), B. S.; Granger W. Smith, A. B.; A. M., 1872. 1869.— Howard M. Remley, A. B.; A. M„ 1873; LL. B., 1872. 1870.— Edward M. Doe, B. S.; LL. B., 1871; Joseph C. Matthews, A. B.; A. M. and LL. B., 1873.; died 1876; Mary E. Myers (Mrs. Pink- ham), A. B.; Frank E. Nipher, B. Ph.; A. M., 1875; James P. Schell, A. B.; Kate F. Shepard (Mrs. Conard), A. B.: died 1876. 1871.— Emlin McClain, B. Ph.; A. B. 1872; LL. B.; 1873, M. Ellen Scales, B. Ph. 1872.— W. Bayard Craig, A. B.; Mary E. Fairall, A. B.; A M.,1876; HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 399 Wm. Little, A. B.; B. D., 1872; LL. B., 1876; Abram E. Swisher, A. B.; LL. B., 1874; Frank Sweitzer, B. Ph. 1873.— James G. Berrvhill, B. Ph.; LL. B., 1876; Lou. S. Kauffman, A. B.; A. M., 1876; Wr^i. Osmond, A. B.; Charles E. White, A. B.; A. M., 1876. 1874.— Charles A. Bond, B. Ph.; Herbert S. Fairall, A. B.: John L. Griffiths, A. B.; LL. B., 1875; Euclid Sanders, B. Ph.; LL. B., 1876; Mary A. Terrell, B. Ph. 1875.— Charles J. Berryhill, B. Ph.; Arthur E. Chalfant, A. B.; Charles A. Finkbine, B. Ph.; Charles B.Jack, A. B.; Chauncey A. Lovelace, B. Ph.; Theodore W. Parvin, A. B.; LL. B., 1876. 1876. — Ossian Brainerd, A. B.; Robert W. Byington, B. Ph.; Lizzie L. Clark, A. B.; Emma Hughes, B. Ph.; Clara" Remley, A. B.; John P. Swisher, A. B.; LL. B.; Josephine V. Williams, B. Ph. 1877.— Rav Billingsley, B. Ph.; Lewis W. Clapp, B. Ph.; M. Emma Rankin, B. Ph.; Ella W. Osmond, A. B. 1878.— Albion N. Fellows, A. B.; Wm. O. Finkbine, B. Ph.; Ella V. Holmes, B. Ph.; Louisa E. Hughes, B. Ph.; Minnie E. Leonard, B. Ph. 1879.— Kinzer E. Backensto, B. Ph.; Florence E. Clark, B. Ph.; Min- nie F. Kimball, A. B.; Ida K. Osmond, A. B.; Harriet J. Parker, A. B. 1880.~Frank Bond, B. S.; Fred Bond, B. S.; Frank P. Buerckle, Jr., C. E.; Otto A. Byington, B. Ph.; Hattie J. Dennis, A. B.; Olin S. Fel- lows, A. B.; Lucy F. Hine, B. Ph.; Charles N.Hunt, B. Ph.; Sophy Hutchinson, B. Ph.; James A. Moon, B. Ph.; Frederic A. Remley, A. B.; A. Dean Robinson, C. E.; Charles C. Shrader, A. B.; Lulu Younkin, B. Ph. 1881.- Henrv F. Arnold, A. B.; Lucy Bixby, A. B.; Charles C. Clark, A. B.; Minnie F. Clarke, A. B.; Sallie C. Ham, A. B.; Isaac B. Henyon, B. Ph.; Charles R. Leonard, B. Ph.; Elizabeth Lewis, A. B.; Chauncey J. Neill, A. B. 1882.- Henry H. Abrams, A. B.; Fanny E. Blazier, B. Ph.; Herbert E. Blazier, C. E.; Julia Cavanagh, B. Ph.; James B. Congdon, A. B.; Emma W. Gillespie, A. B.; Grace R. Hebard, B. S.; Florence M. Hass, B. Ph.; Carrie W. Hutchinson, B. Ph.; George L. Leslie, B. S.; Adelaide C. Lloyd, A. B.; Carrie P. McCrory, B. Ph.; Alice V. Wilkinson, B. Ph.; Lorenzo D. Younkin, A. B. LAW GRADUATES. The following list shows all citizens of Johnson county^ who have grad- uated from the law department of the State University, receiving the degree of LL. B. Classof i86Q—V^m. E. Crum, Josiah W. Davis, (died 1870.) Class of i8yo — George W. Ball. Class of i8ji — Edward M. Doe, Cyrus Ranck. Class of i8j2 — George W! Hand, James Hoxie (died 1875), Howard M. Remley. Class of i8yj — Charles A. Berger, James W. Cone, Wm. F. Conklin, Joe A. Edwards, Emlin McClain, Joseph C. Matthews (died 1876), Joseph W. Scott. Class of 18^^ — Corwin M. Lee, Herman Morsman, Abraham E. Swisher. Class of i8j5 — John L. Griffiths, Mrs. Mary Emily Haddock Johnson Guy. 400 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Before proceedincr further with the list of Johnson count}' graduates, an episode of history must be here noted, which forms an historic way- mark in the progress of "the woman element" toward its rightful recogni- tion and influence in the public affairs of State and nation. Prior to Jan- uary, 1876, three women, to-wit: Mrs. J. Ellen Foster, of Clinton, Mrs. Anna C. Savery, of Des Moines, and Mrs. Mary Emily Haddock, of Iowa City, had been formally admitted to practice as attorneys in all the courts of Iowa, the State supreme court included. But no women had yet been admitted to practice law in any of the Federal or United States courts in all our broad domain. And it remained for the State of Iowa, the county of Johnson, the cit}'^ of Iowa City, the law department of the Iowa State University, the law class of 187.5, and Mrs. Mary E. Haddock, to carry the honor of being the first lady attorney ever admitted to the rights and privileges of a practitioner at the bar of a Federal or United States court. Mrs. Haddock's certificate reads as follows: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ] United States Circuit Court — District of Iowa, f CERTIFICATE OF ADMISSION. Be it remembered, That heretofore, to-wit: At a term of the Circuit Court of the United States for the district of Iowa, begun and holden at the city of Des Moines, in said district, the Hon. John F. Dillon, Judge of said court, presiding, on the twelfth day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, Emma Haddock having made application to practice law in the Circuit Court of the United States, district of Iowa, and it appearing to the court, the applicant possesses the requisite qualifications, and also having taken an oath to demean herself as attorney, etcetera, of this court, uprightly and according to law, and to support the constitution of the United States, was admitted an attorney, counselor, solicitor, advocate and proctor of this court. I, Edward R. Mason, clerk of the United States Cir- cuit Court aforesaid, do hereby certify that the fore- , '' ^ J^oing is a true transcript of the record of said court. ( gr?:at seal ) In witness whereof, I hereto set my hand and annex I OF THE >- the seal of said court at office in the city of Des ( COURT. ) Moines, the twent3--first day of January, A. D. 1876, '^ — ■ Y ' and in the one hundredth year of the Independence of the United States of America. EDWARD R. MASON, Clerk, C. C. U. S. D.^ Iowa. The next day after Mrs. Haddock's admission, the Des Moines corres- pondent of the Chicago Tribune (L. F. Andrews, Esq., a graduate in the law class of 1866, and who was for some years secretary of the State Board of Health) wrote concerning the historic event, and his article was widely republished in New York and elsewhere. From it we quote a passage: Yesterday (Oct. 12, 1875,) Mrs. Haddock was admitted to practice in the United States Circuit and District Courts of this State — the prst case HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 401 of the kind in any State of the Union. She is the wife of Judge Had- dock, and a woman of fine culture, who graduated at the hiw department of the State University with high honors. She is highly esteemed also for her many womanly virtues. With Judge Dillon, reared as he was under Iowa progressive ideas, it was easy to grant the boon and welcome woman into a new field of labor; with Judge Love, an old Jacksonian Democrat, with all the name implies, it was quite a step in advance to welcome to the bar of his court (the United States District) a woman as an attorney. But the judge is a man of eminent pratical good sense, wise enough to accept the inevitable with good grace and becoming dignity. Class of i8j6. — James G. Berryhill, Frank A. Charles, Robert Lucas, William Lytle, Theodore W. Parvin, Euclid Sanders, John P. Swisher. Class of iSjj. — Robert W. Byington, George B. DeSellem, Charles A. Finkbine, Francis R. Gaynor, George B. Haddock; Edward K. Lucas, Mary A. Terrill, Wm. M. Younkin. Class of 1878. — Lewis W. Clapp, Charles B. Jack, Chauncey A. Love- lace, Thomas Mattison, Harrison D. Rowe, James M. Scott, Charles E. White. Class of i8yg. — Ray Billingsley, 'Frank J. Horak, John H . Rahret, James W. Smith. Class of 1880.— \N. O. Finkbine, Wm. C. Hutchins, John P. Marling, Wm. F. Murphy. Class of i88i.'-Wm. H. Bailey, Otto A. Byington, Leander C. Dennis^ Joseph W. Linkhart, Charles A. Rogers, Wesley R. Rutan, Horace L. Wood. Class of 1882. — John W. Brooks, J. M. Curry, S. S. Gillespie, Frederick S. Hebard, Isaac B. Henyan, Charles N. Hunt, Wm. Kennedy, Charles R. Leonard, James A. Moon, Francis O'Connor, Wilson T. Reed, Sylva- nus Webster, James A. Wintermute. MEDICAL GRADUATES. [Allopathic.'] This department was organized in June, 1S6*J, but did not go into active operation until October 6, 1870. The following list comprises those persons who have graduated from this department, receiving its degree of M. D., who were citizens of Johnson county., but no others: 1871.— Nathan H. Tulloss. 1872. Joseph W. Davis, Anna A. Shepard. 1873. — ^John W. Hempstead, Jane A. Preston, Thomas R. Ward, James A. White. 1874.— Elizabeth Hess, Channing B. Kimball, Manly B. Moon, Ezra H. Shafler. 1875.— S. J. Bridenstine. 1876. — Azuba D. King, Albert Morsman, Frank A. Xanten. 1877. — Harry T. Lanning. 1878. — Henry S. Havighorst, Thomas F. Kelleher, Samuel S. Lytle. 1879. — F. E. Seymour, J. T. Brenneman. 1880.— W. J. Saunders. 1881.— J. R. Cozine, J. K. Milbourne, W. J. Vogt. 1882.— L. J. Leech, T. E. Records, H. J. Rankin, F. H. Smith, H. A. Wheeler. 402 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. {Homeopath ic.~] At the June meeting, 1872, of the board of regents of the University a committee of Homeopathic physicians presented their formal request for the estaMshment of a Homeopathic department of medical instruction in the University. The matter was urged and discussed both in public and private for about four years, when b\^ an act of the legislature approved March 17, '76, the regents were directed to establish a Department of Home- opathy in connection with the Medical Department of the University. Two chairs were to be established, and the sum of $1,100 was appropriated for their support. Drs. A. C. Cowperthwaite, of Nebraska City, Neb., and W. H. Dickinson, of Des Moines, Iowa, were elected to fill the chairs of Materia Medica and Theory and Practice. This department opened in 1877; and the following are the on\y citizens of yohnson county who have up to this time graduated from this department, receiving the University degree of M. D.: 1880— W. G. Emonds. 1881 — Susan S. Pearse, George Poland. 1882— Flora S. Gleason. JOHNSON county's REPRESENTATIVES IN THE STATE INSTITUTIONS. This historian sent blanks to all of the State elemosynary, educational and penal institutions, requesting in each case a complete list of all persons who had ever been inmates from Johnson county. Some answered promptly, with full list as desired; some formally refused us the informa- tion; and some never made any answer. We present here following the reports received: lowA College for the Blind, Vinton, Iowa, 'July is, 1882. H. A. Reid, Iowa City, lozva: Dear Sir: — The records of this institution show the names of the following persons from Johnson county: 1. James A. Gilliland was admitted April 4, 1853, and was discharged June 5, 18G0. He was born in Pennsylvania, and at the time of his dis- charge lived in Iowa City. Cause of blindness, accident. At the time of admission had been blind three years. 2. Rhoda Bo wen was admitted July 26, 1855, and was discharged May, 1856. She was born in Ohio. At the time of her discharge she lived in Iowa City. Cause of blindness, inflammation. At the time of admission, had been blind twenty-four years. 3. Henry D. Ilollenbeck was admitted May 26, 1856. Was not dis- charged. He was born in Johnson count}-. He now lives in Marion, Iowa. Cause of blindness, inflammation. He has been blind from infancy. 4. Lucy Hempstead was admitted April 30, 18G0. She was never discharged. She was born in Ohio. Did live in Iowa City. Cause of blindneoS— inflammation. At time of admission she had been blind two years. 5. Caroline Durham was admitted March 13, 1862. Was not dis- charged. She was born in New York City. Did live in Iowa City. Cause of blindness — inflammation. Was partially blind. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 403 6. May Agnes Beveling was admitted March 22, 1866. Did live in Iowa City. She was not discharged. She was born in New York State Cause of blindness — cataract. At time of admission she had been blind eight years. 7. Nicholas H. Boyce was admitted Sept. 7, 1866. Was not discharged. He was born in New York State. Did Hve in Springdale, Iowa, Cause of blindness — inflammation. At time of admission had been blind one year. 8. Sarah Ann Hyler was admitted Sept. 23, 1868. Was not dis- charged. She was born in Iowa, and did live in Johnson county. Cause of blindness — inflammation. At time of admission she had been blind three years. 9. James H. Poland was admitted August 31, 1868. Wa'^ not dis- charged. He was born in Ohio. Lived in Iowa City. Cause of blind- ness, scarlet fever, At time of admission he had been blind five years. 10. Mary E. Rucket was admitted October 1,1869. Was not dis- charged. She was born in Iowa. Lived at Danforth, Johnson county. Cause of bUndness, typhoid fever. At time of admission she had been blind eleven years. 11. Anna E. Hyler was admitted October 31, 1872. Was not dis- charged. She was born in Iowa. Did live in Palestine, Johnson county. Cause of blindness, inflammation. At time of admission she had been blind two years. 12. Samuel Kauffman was admitted January, 1877. He was not dis- charged. He was born in Washington county, Iowa. Now lives at Wyandotte, Kansas. Cause of blindness, cataract. At time of admis- sion he had been blind three years. 13. John Larkin was admitted April 12, 1882. He is now in the insti- tution. He was born in Ireland. Lives in Iowa City. Cause of blind- ness, sympathetic opthalmia. He has been Wind two years. 14. Samuel T. Mansfield was admitted February 20, 1882. He is now in the institution. He was born in Maryland. Lives in Iowa City. Cause of blindness, pistol shot.* He has been bUnd six months. Very truly yours, Thomas F. McCune, Principal. *By his own hand; attempted suicide — Historian. 404 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. full list of pupils from johnson county, iowa, who have attended the deaf and dumb institute. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Council Bluffs, Iowa, Aug. 9, 1882. Name. Sarah McGuire .... Elizabeth Huinmer. Juliana Hauk Dennis A. Dewey. . James Kemp Elias Workman .... Anthony Yeggy. . . John Skiles Isabella Boon Julia A. Wheeler. . . W. B. Williams .... John S. Hope Levi Keppart John C. Hummer. . . Joshua B. Nicholson Julia Donahue Katie Daley Mary Kasmeyer. . . Newton Anderson . . William J. Corning. William A.Nelson. . Emil Schottle Joseph Fox James Fox James G. Stoddard. Cause of being Deaf, Fever at 2 years of age Congenital fever Unknown Erysipelas Not stated Jan. Jan. Jan. an. Jan. Jan. Congenital fever Scarlet fever Fall when '6 yrs. old. . Sick when 15 mos. old . Dropsy of the head . . . Congenital fever Inflammation of brain Scarlet fever Unknown Congenital fever Fever when 2 yrs, old Rheumatic fever Scarlet fever Brain fever Speech defective onl}^ (( (( , 1882.' M.J. Moon, M. W. Davis, W. E. Shrader, T. J. RiGG, E. A. Doty, J, H. Whetstone, H. A. Robinson. Wm. A. Morrison, W. H. Borrner & Son, Ihe Womaii^s Christian Temperance Unron, was instituted by Mrs. J. Ellen Foster: date of charter January, 1875. The first officers were: President, Mrs. H. S. Osmond; Secretar}', Miss Fanny White; Treasurer, Mrs. N. H. Brainerd. Present officers are: President, Mrs. S. N. Fel- lows; Secretary, Mrs. A. C. Hinman; Treasurer, Mrs. N. H. Brainerd. The membership is twenty-five. Miss Frances E. Willard, Mrs. J. Ellen Foster, Mrs. A. M. Palmer, Mrs. M. J. Aldrich, Mrs. Hunt and Mrs. Washington, have lectured before the Union. Successful work has been done in the spread of temperance literature, instruction of the children in the Band of Hope, enforcing the temperance law, especially at count}- fairs; and in personal effort to reform the inebriate. anti-prohibition league. Rev. C. Compton Burnett promised to prepare for this history a sketch of the organization at Iowa City of the State Anti-Prohibition League, which grew out of the labors of himself and Hon. John P. Irish against the prohibitory constitutional amendment, early in 1S82. But he has failed to furnish the sketch, and depending on him, we did not collect data to present the matter. The vote of the state June 27, 1882, on the prohibition question gives the following points of historic interest: The total vote of the state was 281, 381^ and the majority in favor of the amendment was 29,759. The total vote is Vo^llh greater than that cast for governor in 1881, and 41,287 smaller HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 415 than the vote cast at the presidential election in 1880. There were 45 counties that gave majorities for the amendment, 23 counties against it, and one, Van Buren county, which was a tie. Polk county gave the largest majority for the amendment, 2,111, and Dubuque the largest against, 5,(»e]0. Audubon gave the smallest majority for, 28, and Davis the smallest against, J. CHAPTER VI. -PART 4. MEDICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS. Medical History — County Physicians, Medical Societies, etc. Miscellaneous — Notes in 1840-41 — Trowbridge's County History — The Gov. Lucas Home- stead — Ex-Gov. Kirk wood as Road Supervisor — Jim Hamilton's "Gunpowder Plot" — A Benevolent Crank — Confusion of Names — Bible Society. THE FIRST COUNTY PHYSICIAN. The following proceedings of the county board, October 9, 1841, wil be both amusing and interesting, at least to medical gentlemen: It having been mude known to the physicians of Iowa Cit}' that pro- posals would be received on this day by the board of commissioners on what terms the medical attendance on all paupers should be given for one year, by either physician for one year, and furnish their own medicines, on this day, to-wit: October 9, at 3 o'clock P. M., the following proposals were received to-wit: To the honorable hoard of county commissioners of yohnson county, lozva territory : Gentlemen : I, in accordance to your wishes, as physician for all the paupers of Johnson county, Iowa territory, do hereby obligate myself to attend professionally, and furnish all necessary medicines for them, for the sum of seventy-five dollars annually. Yours, gentlemen, with respect, Henry Murray, M. D." Iowa City, October g, 184.1. To the honorable board of county commissioners, of fohnson county : We whose names are hereunto subscribed (physicians of Johnson county), make a joint application for rendering medical services to, and medicines to the paupers of this county, from this date to the 1st of October, 1842, under the direction of the board of county commissioners or their agent, for the sum of twenty-five dollars each. Jesse Bowen. Ezra Bliss . S. iM. Ballard. These proposals being in effect of equal amounts, it was motioned by Mr. Parrott, one of the board, "Shall we select from the proposals which shall be accepted?" Mr. Cavanagh and Mr. Clark were opposed to the acceptance of either proposal as they now stand. Mr. Parrott votes for 416 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. selecting, and Mr. Cavanagh objects because the word each was added to the last recorded proposal after the same was delivered and opened by the board, so Mr. Parrott's motion was lost. Mr. Cavanagh then motions that the services mentioned in the afore- said recorded proposals be let to the lowest bidding physician or physi- cians, which motion was agreed to by Mr. Clark and dissented from by Mr. Parrott. So the motion of Mr. Cavanagh was carried, and the same beincT set up at public outcry. Dr. Henry Murray, being the lowest bid- der, at the sum of six dollars, became the physician as employed by the board according to the proposals and the actions on them aforesaid. THE COUNTY PHYSICIAN PROBLEM AGAIN. October 6, 1842, the county board appointed Doctors Murray and Bliss to be county physicians, to furnish all medicines themselves for pauper patients, make out their separate bills, and at the end of the year the county board would allow them a pro rata compensation out of a total fund of $100 for the whole year. October 8th Dr. H. Murray wrote a note to the board, emphatically saying, " I will have nothing to do with the partnership affair of doctors for the paupers of Johnson county." It seems that Dr. Bliss went on acting under the " partnership affair," but somehow or other tilings did not go smoothly, for on January (i, 18+3, the following further proceedings were had on the pauper doctor diffi- culty: The object of this meeting being at this time to take into consideration the propriety of letting out medical attendance to paupers for one year from the October term of this board, 1842, to the lowest bidder. One of the physicians appomted at that time having refused to accept the appointment. On consideration of the premises, it is ordered that the order made on yesterday on this subject, be expunged from the record. And it is also ordered that Dr. Ezra Bliss be allowed the sum of thirty- seven dollars and fifty cents in full compensation for his medical services to paupers since the October session, 1842, and that order and contract entered and made at that time, be mutuall}^ and is hereby rescinded. And now, on this day, to-wit, January 6, 1843, it is ordered and agreed on the part of the conimissioners, that the sum of one hundred dollars shall be appropriated out of the county treasury, for the payment of physicians for their medical attendance and services rendered to paupers in this county for one year from this date. It is understood by the board that sick paupers shall have their choice of physicians in this county, and that the sum above named shall be paid to the physicians so employed, in proportion to actual services rendered by them respectively, and it is further understood that each physician shall furnish his own medicine, and present the bills to be adjusted at the January term of this board in the year 1844. That expression by the board, " that sick \^^\\y^^x?-, shall have their choice of physicians in this county," seems to have been a direct resentment of the assumption of the allopathic class or school of doctors that they alone were "regular" and entitled to public recognition as physicians. Whether they wanted an allopathic, a homeopathic, a botanic or an eclectic doctor, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 417 they might take their choice; the count}- board would treat all schools of doctors as on the same footing. physicians' bills. The following from county record of Januar}'^ 7, 1856, will be interest- ing to the doctors: Ordered, that Dr. L. M. Ballard be allowed sixty-five dollars for his medical bill to paupers since January 1, 1845. Ordered, that Dr. Ezra Bliss be allowed seven dollars for his medical bill to paupers since January, 1845. Ordered, that Dr. S. R. Crummey be allowed his medical bill to pau- pers since January, 1845. There being twelve dollars not yet appropriated and Dr. Murray's bill of ^'20 not being satisfactory to this board, and $6 of Dr. Crummey 's bill being also unsatisfactor}- it is ordered, that if Dr. Murray and Dr. Crum- mey shall hereafter establish their bills as being properl}^ chargeable to the paupers, that the said sum of twelve dollars shall be allowed and divided in proper proportion between them. The county seems to have had a good deal of trouble with its pauper doctor business. January 7, 1847, this record appears: Dr. Henry Murra}^ presented his medical bill for services rendered by Murray, McCormick and Swan to paupers during 1846, amounting to $47.00; which being investigated by the board, it is ordered, that the said Murray, McCormick and Swan, be allowed the sum of $38.50 on said bill out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated. Dr. Enos Metcalf presents his bill for medical services to paupers in 1846, amounting to $'25.00; which being full}^ investigated by the board, it is ordered, that he be allowed fifteen dollars on said bill, provided, that the amount of the taxes due this county by him, shall be paid the treasurer of this county out of"the above amount of fifteen dollars. medical societies. The first mention found of a medical organization was a notice dated May 10, 1843, and pubhshed in the Iowa City papers, stating that "the adjourned meeting of the Iowa Medical Society will be held on Monday, the 5th day of June next, in Iowa City." It is signed "by order of the president; Ezra Bliss, secretary." Dr. BHss was then of the firm of Bal- lard & Bliss, physicians and surgeons. The next record found in this line was the following: BOTANIC MEDICAL MEETINGS. At a meeting of the friends of the botanic medical practice, in Iowa City, on the 3d of June, 1843, a society was organized to be known by the name of the "Medical Botanic Society of Johnson county, Iowa terri- tory," and the following officers were chosen for the year ensuing, viz: — James Robinson, Esq., president; B. S. Holmes, vice president; J. A. Mil- ler, recording secretary; J. N. Ball, corresponding secretary. Censors, E. Metcalf, J. L. Frost, Rev. Wm. Patterson, S. H. Bonham, Esq., and J. Heberson . The published report at the time says: An address was delivered by Dr. Metcalf, in which it was clearly 418 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. demonstrated that the present state of thinj^s call loudly for a r'eforni in the practice of medicine — that such reform has been introduced; and not- withstanding it has waded through an opposition paralleled only by that arrayed against the Christian religion, yet it begins to stand forth pre- eminent, wearing a wreath of truth and reason, and bearing in triumph the laurels of victory, until it has overcome the prejudices of more than three and a half miUions of the inhatyitants of these United States: and that it only needs an investigation to be adopted bv every candid, thinking mind. On motion, Resolved^ that the proceedings of this meeting be signed by the presi- dent and secretary, and published in both the papers printed in this cit}-. On motion, Resolved^ that this meeting adjourn to the first Saturday in July next, at one o'clock p. m. All friends of the botonic practice are respectfully invited to attend. A public address may be expected in the evening at half past seven o'clock. James Robinson, President. J. A. Miller, Secretary. The sanguine expectations of these "reformers" have not been met; yet their views and "resolves" make a part of the medical history of the county, and as such have a rightful place here. On Friday evening, Ma}' 17, iSfjT, a meeting was held, at which the following was adopted: Resolved., That the Johnson County Medical Society (a quorum of whose members is now here present), which was organized on the 27th of May, 185t), and the last meeting of which, as appears from the minutes now before us, was held December 31, 1859, is hereby re-organized and revived by this meeting. The medical gentlemen reported present at this re-t)rganization meeting were: Drs. Sanford W. Huff, Frederick Lloyd, T. S. Mahan, A. C. Moon, Henry Murray, J. C. Shrader, J. H. Ealy, Wm. Ott. On May 25 another meeting was held, and the following officers elected: President, Dr. Huff; vice-president. Dr. Ealy; secretar}^ Dr. Lloyd; treasurer, Dr. Ott; librarian. Dr. Mahan; committee on ethics and admis- sions, Drs. Henry Murray, J. C. Shrader, and J. J. Sanders. Drs. C. A. White and O. Heinsins, of Iowa City; David Stewart, of North Liberty, and F. C. Stewart, of Solon, were made members. Dur- ing the remainder of that year, 1807, some very good meetings were held, valuable reports made and discussions had. Dr. White was the State Geologist. Dr. Shrader seems to have been the leading surgeon at that time. Drs. George Mitchell, M. J. Morsman, C. C. McGovern, Robert M. Paddock and Wm. Vogt, of Iowa City, were afterward members. The society continued to exist under the above name with var3'ing fortunes for nineteen years — -the first organization having occurred May 27, 1856, and the last recorded ineeting on December 1(5, 1875. It does not appear that they ever sent a delegate to the national association. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. - 419 " The Iowa City Medical Society " was a direct successor of the last mentioned one, and was organized Jan. 10, 1876. Its first officers were: Drs. E. F. Clapp, president; R. W. Pryce, vice-president; E. H. Sheafter, secretary; N. H. Tulloss, treasurer. Censors^ Drs. Gustavus Hinrichs, J. C. Shrader. Its present officers are: J. C. Shrader, president; Elizabeth Hess, vice president; S. S. Ly tie, secretary; N. H. Truloss, treasurer. Censors, Drs. C. M. Hobby, J. C. Shrader, and Gustavus Hinrichs. The total membership is twelve. The following members have been delegates to the National Medical Association: Dr. Clapp in 1876, Philadelphia; 1877, Chicago; 1878, Buflalo. Dr. Shrader, 1877, Chicago. x\s matters of general interest to the people, and information which they ought to have, we present the following additional points: The objects ol this society shall be the advancement of medical knowl- edge, the elevation of professional character, the protection of the interests of its members, and the promotion of all measures adapted to the improve- ment of the health and the protection of the lives of the community. The article on membership specifies that " None shall be admitted to membership except those who are regular graduates in medicine and sur- gery, having diplomas procured in a regular manner from medical institu- tions recognized by the American Medical Association." The code of ethics followed is that of the American Medical Associa- tion. MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. This sub-chapter is devoted as a sort of scrap-bag, to include a variety of historical items which were collected in the course of our work at pre- paring this volume, but which did not seem to quite exactly fit in any- where else. NOTES IN 1840-41. The first book ever printed in regard to Iowa was compiled by John B. Newhall, of Burlington, and published by J. H. Colton,the great map pub- lisher of New York cit}'. The title of the book was "Sketches of Iowa, or the Emigrant's Guide," and Mr. Newhall's preface is dated February 2, 1841, hence the material must have been gathered chiefly in 1840. It was a well prepared and very valuable little book for the time, and being the first publication on Iowa, we copy what it gives in regard to Johnson county, as it was regarded at that time: This county borders upon the Indian country, the principal part of it being embraced in the purchase of 1837. It was organized in 1831>, and is attached to the second judicial district. It is bounded on the north b}' Linn, east by Cedar and Muscatine, south by Washington and Louisa, and contains an area of about 610 square miles. As a whole, Johnson may. 4:20 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. be estimated a good county of land, well watered and timbered, and abounding with excellent springs, although it is somewhat more broken and uneven than some of the adjacent counties. It has the character of being a very healthy county, there existing no local causes to produce disease, and, at the present time, is as rapidly populating as any county in the territory. The location of the permanent seat of government of the territory being established in this county, (at Iowa City,) has directed the attention of hundreds of enterprising and industrious emigrants hither, many of them possessing wealth and refinement, and influence, and per- haps the results witnessed in a few short months, from the first settlement of this county, is without a parallel in the growth of countries. It was on the 4th day of May, 1839, the commissioners appointed by the legislative assembly selected the site for this new city, which, up to that time, was the hunting-ground of the savage, without the first landmark of civilization. And on the ensuing 4th of July, but one log cabin marked the place of a cvVv, and the devoted few who made the pilgrimage on that glorious day to consecrate this young city to freedom and civilization, slept under the trees of the forest, having no other shelter save the broad canopy of heaven ; yet here were the seeds of liberty planted, and for the first time proudly waved the stars and stripes of freedom. On the follow- ing June, after the lapse of eleven months, Iowa City contained between six and seven hundred inhabitants, several spacious hotels, a dozen stores, and artisans ot every description, churches, coftee houses, and all the life and bustle of a city of years! For more detailed descriptions, see chief towns in Iowa. The main branch of the Iowa river flows through this county in a south- easterly direction, and touching the northeast corner of Washington, pur- sues its course through Louisa to the Mississippi. Big Grove commences near Iowa City, and extends to ttie borders of the Indian country. It has been pronounced among the best and most extensive bodies of timber in Iowa. It is situated between the Iowa and Cedar rivers, being about twenty miles in length, with an average width of six to seven miles. Johnson county is abundantly supplied with excellent building rock, and its clay makes brick of the best quality. Perhaps few counties are more favored with all the requisites, either for the artisan or the agriculturist, than Johnson; the population are principalh^ engaged in agricultural pur- suits, but so recent has been its settlement, that but few farms have been cultivated to an}^ great extent; yet the time is near at hand when the farm- ers of Johnson will have a surplus of products, and their meadows will abound with stock. Population in 1838, 237; and in 1840, 4,504. POPULATION OF IOWA. To give the reader some idea of the surprising increase of population in this young territory, I will commence with the first sensus, taken in August, 181^7, at which time the whole of the present territor}'- was com- prised in only two counties, the population of which, according to the official returns stood thus: Dubuque county 4,274. Des Moines county 6,257. Total 10,531. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY 421 In May, 1838, these two counties having been divided into sixteen- census was again taken, and the result was as follows: -the Counties. Pop. Louisa 1,180 Jackson 881 Jones 241 Clinton 445 Scott ],252 Dubuque 2,381 Johnson - 237 Cedar 557 Van Buren 3,174 Counties. Pop. Linn 205 Des Moines 4,605 Muscatine 1,247 Henry 3,058 Clavton 274 Wa'shmgton 283 Lee. 2,839 Total 22,859 From this it appears, that in twenty-one months the population had doubled itself, and left an excess of 1797 souls. In July, 1840, the census was again taken, and the following result exhib- ited: Counties. Pop. Clayton *. 1,045 Chnton 800 Cedar 1,225 Delaware 171 Dubuque 3,066 Des Moines 5,546 Henry 3,784 Jones 474 Jackson 1,452 Johnson 1,504 Counties. Pop. Jefferson 2,780 Linn 1,385 Lee 6,096 Louisa 1,925 Muscatine 1,942 Scott.. .' 2,193 Washington 1,572 Van Buren 6,166 Total 43,116 TROWBRIDGE S COUNTY HISTORY. Oct. 8, 1844. Ordered, that Samuel C. Trowbridge be requested to make a certified statement of the organization of Johnson county; who were the first officers legally elected or appointed;' the time when, and where qualified ; and give generally all the information in his power, which may be necessary to make the acts of the first officers of the county fully understood and legal. Col. Trowbridge commenced preparing *a sketch in accordance with the above order, and had it nearly completed. He was postmaster at the time and had his early history sketch, and some of the documents per- taining to the matter, in the post-office when it was burned down on the Sunday night, of March 26, 1845. His manuscripts and papers were all destroyed in the fire, and nothing further was ever done by the county to rehabilitate its lost or unwritten records. Col. Trowbridge was so much broken and depressed by his loss of property and records, books and docu- ments in this post-office fire, that he has had no heart since to make any attempt at writing out his recollections of the early days; but he is always respectful and cordial toward any candid inquirer after such knowledge as abides in his recollection. THE GOVERNOR LUCAS HOMESTEAD. The Johnson County Claim Association was organized March 9, 1839, 27 422 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. and the name of Robert Lucas appears on the list of members in his own handwriting. Many of the settlers had taken and occupied their claims Drior to this, but had not bounded and staked them off very definitely. The association fixed certain rules for marking claims, so that there might be uniformity and a common method for all, thus preventing overlap of claim lines and preventing disputes and quarrels. On page 45 of the old book we find this entry: "The following claim I purchased of John Kight, in February, 1839, and I wish it registered to me as a claim made, as I have not got his deed with me— the same being the southwest quarter of section 14, and that part of the south half of section 15, that lies east of the Iowa river — town- ship 79 north, range 6 west. July 3, 1840. Robert Lucas. Handed in July 3, 1840." Witnesses still living say that Mr. Lucas paid Kight $200 cash down, for his improvements. Right's name appears twice in the old book, as the holder of other claims, but no other mention occurs of the Lucas claim. This was the same property where the venerable first Governor of Iowa lived and died ; and where his son. Col. Edward W. Lucas still resides — 1882. EX-GOV. KIRKWOOD AS ROAD SUPERVISOR. In 1868 the voters of Iowa City township, "just for the fun of the thing," or as a sort of practical joke on the ex-Governor, elected him to the office of road supervisor. But he took it in good part, went promptly and qual- ified, and served his term out faithfully and well. His annual report in his own handwriting, lies before the writer hereof, and shows that he obeyed the scriptural injunction, "whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might." This incident affords a good example and lesson to all who aspire to places of public honor and trust, and admirably | illustrates the fact that true honor lies not specially in the bigness of the work done, but in the thoroughness and fidelity with which it is done. Iowa City town- ship never had a better year's road service than this one; and the follow- ing affidavit is affixed to the report: The State of Iowa, | Johnson County, j S.J. Kirkwood, being duly sworn, says that the foregoing statement of his accounts as supervisor of road district No. 9, of Iowa City town- ship, in said county, is just and true, as he verily believes. S. J. Kirkwood. Subscribed and sworn to before me this 12th day of November, 1869. Ira J. Alder, Twp. Clerk. JIM Hamilton's "gun-powder plot." J. M. Douglass, of Clear Creek, tells a story at the expense of J. C. Hamilton, which shows that the boys of early times had as well devel- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 423 oped taste for mischief as any of the present day. These two (J. M. D. and J. C. H.) got hold of some antiquated powder, supposed to be non-explosive, which suggested mischievous experiments as a test. So a regular Guy Fawkes "gun-powder plot" was laid to blow up a "spellin' school," with the latent hope in their breasts that there was power enough left in the powder to create that boy's paradise — a sensation— without doing serious damage. The boys displaced a brick in the ample hearth of the fire place, filled under it with the powder and covered with sand to avoid detection. -When the exercises were at their height "Jim" got hold of the wooden shovel and drew the coals to the spot. The teacher, smell- ing the burning wood of the shovel, ordered him in tones of severity to "put it back." But just then came a "burst of thunder sound," filling the air with flying bricks, smoke, dust, and the smell of burnt powder, that adjourned that "spellin' school" si7ie die rather unceremoniously. Nobody hurt. Mr. Douglass gravely adds: "My father was school director at the time, and was present; but he never interviewed ^x^ boys, as he ought to have done." In 1860 a benevolent crank named Townsend started, near Iowa City, a home or as3dum for pauper orphans and bastard babies, and on June 4, 1861, the county board "resolved that the Rev. C. C. Townsend be required to give bonds, suitably secured, in a sum sufficient to indemnify the county against any loss it may sustain, by supporting any of the orphan children or foundlings which he has brought, or may hereafter bring into the county." The bond was fixed at $5,000. Townsend never furnished it, but continued his benevolent work, till finally on June 7, 1867, the board ordered the county attorney to enjoin him or any agents of that institution from bringing any more of its sort of inmates into the county. These children were mostly street outcasts of the large cities, brought here on a theory that they could be cared for and trained to industrial habits. Some sympathized with the scheme and gave money to aid it, but it was alto- gether too private and irresponsible in its plan of work to be saddled on any community. Such elemosynary institutions must be under the con- trol and responsible oversight of the state or some church or permanent benevolent order to make them properly worthy of encouragement. CONFUSION OF NAMES. There are some curiosities of names among the early settlers, some of which were so nearly alike in sound, as often to be mistaken one for another. There were Trowbridge and Strawbridge. Witter and Ritter. Felkner and Fackler and Fessler. Switzer and Swisher and Whicher, the latter a lawyer. Henry Hart and Henry Earhart. 424 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. McGrew and Magruder. McAllister and McCollister. Norse and Morse and Morseman. Prague and Sprague. Berry and Berryhill. Dennis and Dennison. McCrory and McCleary. But the greatest novelty and case of surnominal "confusion worse con- founded," is the following list of men representing nineteen diferent fam- ilies in Johnson county, and no two of these men being of any kin to each other, yet all named Clark. It beats John Smith a long way. The list is furnished and vouched for by Col. S. C. Trowbridge, librarian of the State Historical Society: Philip Clark, Farmer Newport township. Israel JL. Clark Minister Penn township. John C. Clark Plasterer City. Timothy B. Clark Farmer Big Grove. Isaac Clark Farmer Monroe. William L. Clark Farmer .Clear Creek. Samuel W. Clark Farmer Pleasant Valley. Thomas Clark .... .... Farmer Scott township. Ezekiel Clarke Banker City. Rush Clark Lawyer City. W. Penn Clarke Lawyer City. J. Warren Clark Merchant and farmer. . .City. J. Norwood Clark Merchant City. A. L. Clark Plasterer City. Jonas Clark Painter City. Ephraim Clark Miller Lucas township. W. A. Clark Miller Fremont and city. Clark Farmer Fremont township. Loring Clark Farmer Cedar township. BIBLE SOCIETY. On Sunday, September 25, 1842, after listening to an address by the Rev. Julius Field, agent of the American Bible Society, papers were cir- culated, and the names of forty-six persons obtained, subscribing an amount of $350.75 for the purpose of forming an Auxiliary Bible Society for the county of Johnson. The meeting was then organized by appoint- ing Dr. W. Reynolds chairman, and A. P. Wood secretary. A constitu- tion was read and adopted, and the time of annual meeting fixed for the month of September. A committee was then appointed for the purpose of selecting officers for the society. The following were reported, viz: President, Rev. M. Hummer, (of "Hummer's Bell notoriety." See article on "Hummer's Bell"); vice-presidents, Rev. Mr. Johnson, Rev. W. Woods, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 425 Dr. W. Reynolds, W. B. Snyder and Chauncy Swan; secretary, Rev. Geo. B. Bowman; treasurer, Dr. Jesse Bo wen. Executive Committee, Thomas Snyder and Anson Hart. On motion, the above were unanimously elected as the officers of the society for the ensuing year. The secretary was instructed to inform the clergy of this organization. The executive committee, also, was instructed to procure a person to deliver an address on the Bible cause. Another meeting was ordered to be held on the first Tuesday in the ensuing court term. On motion, the proceedings were directed to be published in the papers in this city. Adjourned, to meet as above. W. Reynolds, President. A. P. Wood, Secretary. JOHNSON county's " FAMILY RECORD." The following are the returns made to the county clerk from September 30, 1881, to September 30, 1882: Returned in October, 1881 . . , Returned in November, 1881 Returned in December, 1881. Returned in January, 1882. . , Returned in February, 1882 , Returned in March, 1882 in April, 1882 in May, 1882, Returned Returned Returned in June, 1882. in July, 1882. in August, 1882 . Returned Returned Returned in September, 1882 Total 312 119 261 Birtbi. Deaths. Marriages. 30 13 28 84: 12 18 27 11 30 26 9 28 23 5 32 19 5 15 41 14 24 13 7 20 12 3 15 10 17 15 17 6 12 60 14 24 426 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. CHAPTER VII.— PART 1. SOME NOTABLE EVENTS. Steamboats at Iowa City — First Legislature at Iowa City — Hummer's Bell — A Cyclone — A Great Fire — Obsequies to President Lincoln — A Winter of Distress — The Spelling Mania — Paper Mill Explosion (Six Persons Killed) at Coralville — Iowa City's Historic Wind Storm— Snow- Bound — A Double Tragedy (the Stein Murder and Suicide.) THE FIRST STEAMBOAT AT IOWA CITY. The loxva City Sta7idard oi June 24, 1841, contains the following: " Arrival Extraordinary. — We this week announce an event which, in our judgment, is of more importance than any that has happened since our city has had an existence. On the 20th instant our citizens were surprised b}- hearing the puffing of an approaching steamer. We need not speak of the astonishment caused by such unnatural sounds; sounds which 'were for the first time heard on our peaceful river, nor of the many conjectures which were started as to the source from whence they proceeded. Our doubts were soon dispelled by the glorious reality, as the steamer Ripple for the first time came dashing up the Iowa and landed at the ferry, which, henceforth, is only to be known by the more appropriate name of the steamboat landing . The hearty cheers which hailed the arrival, and the warm welcome which the captain, crew and passengers received from our citizens, showed that they appreciated the enterprise and determination which had origi- nated and successfully carried out such an undertaking. Among the passengers on board we noticed Messrs. Wesley Jones, Moses Cramer, Jas. W. Neally, D. W. C. Barron, Jno. B. Newhall, the talented author of "The Sketches of Iowa," and our fellow-townsman, James Herron. The Ripple arrived at the conjunction of the Iowa and Cedar river on Friday evening. On Saturday morning she started and ran up within four miles of this city before she stopped for the night. There were no impediments found to an easy and safe navigation of the river, if we may except a few snags and projecting trees, a few miles below the city, which will be removed by our citizens during the present week. The experi- ment on the whole, was a most satisfactory one. The present compara- tively low stage of water will effectually silence any sneers that may be thrown out concerning high water navigation, etc., and we now have the fact proved, beyond the possibility of a doubt, that the Iowa river is navi- gable beyond this place for seven months at least during every year. This arrival has effectually changed the relation in which we formerly stood to other towns in this territory. We are no longer dependent on the towns on the Mississippi for our imports, nor are we subjected to the labor and expense of drawing across the country all articles brought from abroad. We have now a situation superior in many respects to any in the territory. The advantage of being the furthest point in the interior, which has a safe and easy communication by water with all the great commercial cities in the west, is too manifest to need remark. Indeed some of our neighbor- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 427 ing towns on the Mississippi have laid claims to being places of great importance, on this ground alone. We trust we have settled all disputes on this point and that they now at once yield the palm to us, and surrender all claims that they may have on this score. But when we add to these advantages our acknowledged superiority in beauty of location and fertility of soil, and call to mind our almost total exemption from those diseases, which are and have ever been the scourges of the west, we can confi- dently demand the attention of emigrants and others to a situation which combines every advantage that can attract the merchant and the farmer, "the man of business or the man. of pleasure." MEETING OF THE CITIZENS. According to previous notice a meeting of the citizens of Iowa City was held at the City Hotel, and was organized by C. Swan being called to the chair, and J. Bowen appointed secretary, and On motion of Jesse Williams, Resolved^ that a committee of six persons be appointed by the chair, consisting of Jesse Williams, Jesse Bowen, Silas Foster, Cyrus Sanders, John Powell and Horace Smith, to invite the captain and passengers of the steamboat Ripple to partake of a public dinner to be given by the citizens of Iowa City. On motion of Horace Smith, Resolved^ that a committee of three persons be appointed by the chair to make arrangements with some of the inn-keepers of Iowa City to pro- vide a dinner and solicit subscriptions to defray the expense of the same — whereupon, Horace Smith, Walter Butler, and H. G. Jones, were appointed said committee. On motion of Horace Smith, Resolved^ that a suitable person be selected to accompany the Steam- boat Ripple down the Iowa so far as ma}- be necessary, to ascertain the principal obstructions, and the best mode and the probable expense of removing said obstructions. And on motion of Jesse WilHams, Capt. F. M. Irish was appointed that person, and. On motion of Horace Smith, the following resolutions was unanimously adopted: Resolved^ that Maj. J. B. Newhall, be requested to circulate a subscrip- tion in the city of Burlington, and the intermediate ports, to assist in defray- ing the expenses necessary in removing the obstructions that now exist in the navigation of the Iowa river. On motion. Resolved^ that the proceedings of this meeting be signed by the presi- dent and secretary, and published in the lozua City Standard. On motion, the meeting adjourned to meet on Monday next, the 2Sth inst. C. Swan, Chairman. J. Bo WEN, Secretary. Iowa City, June 21, 1841. Captain D. Jones, Captain of the Steamer Rip-pie: Sir: — At a meeting of the citizens of this city, held at Iowa City Hotel, this day, the undersigned were appointed a committee to invite you to participate in the hospitalities of a public dinner to be given to yourself and crew, together with the passengers who accompanied you to our city, 428 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. in the steamer Ripple, to be given at the National Hotel in this city, at 2 o'clock this atternoon. We take great pleasure in discharging the duties which have thus devolved upon us, and would beg leave to assure you that an acceptance of the invitation would confer a favor upon the citizens generally, as well as upon Your obedient servants, Jesse Williams, Jesse Bowen, Silas Foster, John Powell, Cyrus Sanders, Horace Smith. Steamboat Ripple, June 21, 1841. Gentlemen: — I this morning received your polite note tendering to me the hospitalities of your city, together with my passengers and crew. In signifying my acceptance of this token of your regard, permit me to express the gratification I have experienced in the cordial reception I have met with, both individually and collectively from the moment of my arrival among you, not with the cool distrust of a stranger, but rather the cor- dial reception of a long tried friend. Gentlemen, the strong assurance of my friends, that the arrival of a steamer at Iowa City, would be hailed with that hberal spirit, becoming your high destinies, have been more than realized, and I desire no surer guarantee of the future than the evidences I have witnessed. With sentiments of the highest regard, 1 subscribe myself your friend and obedient servant, D. Jones. To Messrs. J. Williams, J. Bowen, S. Foster, J. Powell, C. Sanders and H. Smith. At half past 2 o'clock a company of about seventy-five gentlemen sat down to an excellent dinner, provided by J. Lawrence, Esq., of the Na- tional Hotel. After the cloth was removed several spirited toasts were deHvered, compHmentary to the movers of this successful achievement of navigating the Iowa. Spirited and appropriate remarks were made by Maj. Newhall, Capt. Jones and others. The following are some of the toasts given on the occasion: By Jesse Williams: — Iowa, bounded on the east by the "Father of Riv- ers," and interspersed by interior natural channels of navigation; her future prospects are unsurpassed by any portion of the great west. By Cyrus Sanders:— Johnson county, her prospects of future prosper- ity, as unfolded by the event which we celebrate, are unsurpassed by any of her sisters of our lovely territory. By James F. Hanby:— May the steamboat Ripple be successful in obtaining a sufficient quantity of freight and passengers to justify her in paying us a visit on the ith of July next. By M. Creamer:— As the steamer Ripple has by her enterprise, suc- ceeded in placing her crew on the banks of this city, may prosperity and success attend her. By Wesley Jones:— Captain Jones of the Ripple, may his success be properly appreciated by the citizens of Iowa City. By James W. Nealy:— May the steamboat Ripple return in safety to this city, prepared to carry Uvino; freight to the very borders of the now inhab- ited ground of the Indians. The following bill of lading from "the port of Iowa City," is preserved HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 429 by the State Historical Society, and was copied from the original by this historian: Shipped, in good order and condition, by Silas Foster, for account and risk of whom it may concern, on board the good steamboat called The Ripple^ whereof D. Jones is master for the present voyage, now lying in the PORT OF Iowa City, and bound for Burlington, merchandise, marked and numbered as below, and are to be delivered without delay, in like good order at the port of Burlington (unavoidable dangers of the river and fire only excepted), unto Messrs. Bridgman'& Partridge, assigns, they pay- ing freight at the rate of one dollar per.cwt. In witness whereof, the owner, master or clerk of said steamboat hath affirmed two bills of lading, all of this tenor and date, one of which being accomplished, the others to stand void. Dated at lowalCity, this 22d day of June, 1841. Marks. Articles. Weight. Bridgman & 5 cases Iowa Partridge, City marble, 20,000 John Taylor, Clerk. This is the first bill of lading signed and first shipment made from Iowa City, June 22, 1841. ANOTHER STEAMBOAT ARRIVAL. Among the most memorable events in the history of Johnson county was the arrival at Iowa City of steamboats up the Iowa river. The second steamboat to make the trip arrived April 21, 1842; and the spon- taneous gush and outburst of enthusiasm among the people was embalmed in words of glowing exuberance, by the editor of the Iowa Capital Reporter^ at the time, and here is his jolly and bubbling-over account of the affair: Thursday last, at ten o'clock in the morning, the cry of steamboat in the Iowa— all hands on deck — was raised by the stentorian lungs of the workmen on the top of the capitol. This, with the hoarse response of the steamer herself, with her voice of deep thunder, aroused the whole popu- lation. We, with the laudable desire to share in the public curiosity and delight, ran with unusual expedition to the top of the bluff", and, sure enough^ a steamer was in full view, just emerged from the forest below the town. Nothing could have exceeded in brilliant magnificence the scene displayed before us. The steamer moving up in majestic course, with the stars and stripes from her bows floating joyously in the breeze, smiling on luxuriant landscape of surpassing beauty and richness, seemed to be greeted by nature's loveliness in a region which had witnessed for the first time the emblems of the country's glory. Emerging from time to time from the thickets of timber variegating the banks, puffing, blow- ing and converting tlie deep black waters of the Iowa into foam of milky whiteness, contrasted with the luxuriant foliage of the tree, the deep green of a superabundant vegetation, and the azure-golden serenity of the heav- ens, afforded a field worthy the contemplation of the enthusiast, and could not fail to generate the inspiration of poetry in the heart of the admirer of nature and the ingenuity of man. ■ On the farther bluff", withdrawn timidl y 430 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. from the presence of the white man, seated in dismal silence, a small group of the natives of the forest regarded with astonishment and awe the approach of the big fire canoe, beheving it to be a curse of the Great Spirit marking the progress of the pale face, feeding upon their own loved Iowa, where a few years since the frail bark of the savage darted upon her placid bosom, propelled by the agile arm of their dusky daughters. When the boat arrived at the landing a large concourse of citizens had assembled, who welcomed her with three enthusiastic cheers, which were answered by as many stately and graceful bows from the captain upon the upper deck. She proved to be the " Rock River," a medium-sized boat in the Upper Mississippi trade. At 1 o'clock, by universal request, the boat started on an excursion up the river. Elderly citizens with their daughters, young, blushing, and gay as the summer's morning, dashing belles and beaux in profusion, with gentlemen and ladies, (generally) served to make up a party of pleas- ure, consisting of a hundred or more merry souls intent upon rational enjoyment, frolic, and fun. They went to the quarry some twelve or fif- teen miles above the town, landed, and took a stroll amongst the magnifi- cent scenery bordering the river, and returned early in the evening with- out the slightest accident to interrupt the festivity of the occasion. We can say most of the party in the outset wore happy faces, and many a fair one, on the return, with blushing smiles extolled the politeness of the officers and the police of the boat. That the Iowa is navigable for steamboats of a medium draught for many miles can no longer be doubted. We understand that the " Rock River" entered the Iowa from the Mississippi early on the evening before she visited our city, and that during the whole night's passage she met with no obstacle whatever to her progress. The river above town is represented narrower and deeper, and it is now rendered certain that it is navigable for many miles into the interior during the spring months, and perhaps far into the summer. The captain of the " Rock River " is rep- resented to have said that he found his experiment in the Iowa altogether more successful than he anticipated; and had he known there was so little or rather no difficulty in running it that he would have brought out the merchandise for the spring trade previously shipped from Cincinnati and St. Louis. So it may be reasonably expected that when the business and resources of the country will warrant it, steamers will ply between this place and the large towns on the Mississippi. If the reputed rich mineral region above should prove productive, Iowa City and vicinity must become a place of general resort. Uusurpassed fertility of soil, general healthiness of the location, vicinity to steam navi- gation, and mineral wealth in abundance, should the discoveries prove productive, all point to the valleys of the Iowa and Cedar as a desirable situation for the emigrant and the capitaHst." On the next Saturday, [April 30, 1842,] after the above was published, the following notice appeared in the same paper: The steamer Rock River, Captain Thayer, returned to this city yester- day evening, bringing with her considerable freight from Burlington and, Bloomington [Muscatine]. But all the bright hopes thus awakened of making the Iowa river a navigable stream went out in darkness and rose again no more. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 431 FIRST MEETING OF LEGISLATURE AT IOWA CITY. From the lozva Capital Reporter of date Dec. 11, 1841, and which is Vol. I, No. 2, of that paper, and edited by VanAntwerp & Hughes, we copy the following very interesting editorial, which preserves incidentally some points in regard to Iowa weather, as well as the good word for Iowa City and her public spirited ladie-! of that early day: Notwithstanding the extreme inclemency of the weather for the two or three days immediately preceding Monday last, every member of the council, save one, ''Mr. Hall, of Van Buren,) and all except three of the house, (Messrs. Hebard, Weld and Denson,) were here in readiness to take their seats on the first day of the session. His Excellency Governor Chambers, and Mr. Secretary Stull, were also in town, having arrived from Burlington on the Saturday previous. The weather during Friday, on which day most of the members started from their homes, was excessively disagreeable, a cold sleet having fallen during the w^hole day, accompanied by high winds. During the night the rain ceased, but the cold increased and with it the wind, to a degree of fierceness sufficient almost to blow the hair ofi^' one's head. It did make sad havoc with the hats and cloaks of those who breasted " the pitiless peltings of the storm," as we happen to know from woeful experience; our companion in a ride from Bloomington [Muscatine] here, having been kept pretty busily engaged, exercising his trotter's in pursuit of the fugitive articles, while upon us devolved, every now and then, the duty — " shivering in the wind " — of watching our faithful steed. This occurring in the midst of our large prairies, was a picture upon which a painter might have exercised his talents to good effect. On Sunday the weather, though somewhat more calm, was still pretty severe, and we cheerfully bear testimony to the credit due legislators, and other public functionaries, for their perseverence in reaching here under such adverse circumstances. Once here, however, they were in a haven of safety and comfort; and some of them, no doubt, found things very differently situated from what they had anticipated. Taught to suppose that they were coming to a place where no conven- iences would attend them, and where they should have, perhaps, to spend the winter in a condition bordering upon savage life, a widely and totally different state of things presents itself. They find themselves in a most thriving town of some seven or eight hundred inhabitants, built upon a site unsurpassed for beauty by any that we have ever beheld anywhere in the interior. This we declare in all sincerity; and in this every individual whose mind is unprejudiced upon the subject, must agree with us. They find halls prepared for their assemblage, with every convenience and comfort that they could reasonably desire, and fitted up in a style of neatness and taste highly creditable to those by whom they were arranged. The hands of the ladies of this city, by the by, are plainly preceptible in this arrangement, and many thanks are due them for it. Much credit is due, too, to our public-spirited fellow citizen, Mr. Butler, for his exertions in getting the building in readiness for the reception of the legislature; and he well deserves to be favorably remembered for it. But there are other things found here, which some probably did not expect to find. They find accommodations for boarding and lodging, 432 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. much more comfortable than they expected. We can speak, at any rate, for a mess of a dozen or so, with whom we have the good fortune to be most agreeably ensconced. If there be any better living or pleasanter quarters in the territory than those of our "good host of the hill," we have not yet seen them. They find, too, a highly intelligent and order-loving population, with places ot public worship either erected or in the progress of erection, in which to do homage to the Giver of All Good. And, "last thouo-h not least," they find fair woman, spreading over all that indescrib- able charm which virtuous woman only is capable of producing. With this state of things, who will gainsay that a residence at the new capital of our young territory is a matter to be desired. The same paper contains a list of the officers elected for that first Iowa City session, besides a full report of all proceedings up to Saturday, the day of publication. Henry Felkner was the representative from Johnson county, and S. C. Hastings represented Johnson and Muscatine coun- ties in the upper house, then called " council." The following counties were represented: Lee, Van Buren, Des Moines, Henry, Louisa, Wash- ington, Muscatine, Johnson, Cedar, Jones, Linn, Scott, Clinton, Dubuque, Clayton, Delaware and Jackson. The officers were as follows; IN THE COUNCIL. Jonathan Parker, president; James W. Woods, secretary; Edward J. Darken, assistant secretary; George S.Hampton and George W. Harris, transcribing clerks; Samuel Parker, sergeant-at-arms; Orrin Dood, door keeper; Miles Driscoll, messenger, and Daniel Change, fireman. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Warner Lewis, speaker; Joseph T. Fales, chief clerk; Lemuel Park- hurst, assistant clerk; S. B. Gardner, recording clerk; Wm. A. Thurston, engrossing clerk; Benjamin Tucker, enrolling clerk; Charles Price, sear- geant-at-arms; John R. Williams, door keeper; H. L. Jeannin, assistant door keeper; T. B. Brown, messenger; B. Wii Gillock, assistant messen- ger; Wm. Abbey, fireman. A NEWSPAPER TUG OF WAR. The house of representatives contained sixteen democrats and ten whigs. There were three newspapers already in existence, The loiva City Standard, started by Wm. Crum, June 10, 1S41. as the whig organ; T/ie lo-wa City Arous, a democratic paper, started by one Dr. Nathan Jackson, from Indiana, in 1841, and the lozm Capital Reporter, started by Gen. Van Antwerp and Thomas Hughes, Dec. 4, 1841, also a democratic paper. Of course there was a partisan and also somewhat personal strife over the choice of officers and the public printing; and of course the democrats licked the cream from off that buttermilk, electing all the offi- cers and giving the public printing to the Reporter office (democrat). Thereupon the country at once, in whig eyes, hung over the yawning gulf of everlasting ruin, for the next issue of The Standard, the whig paper, contained this startling announcement: We are credibly informed that at an early stage of the Star Chamber HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 433 doings, a solemn resolve was taken, that no zvhig county in the territory- should have an officer in the legislature, either whig or locofoco.* We feel it our indispensable duty to call the attention of the people of this territory to these facts, that they may -ponder upon them, and consider whether such a state of things can last long without an entire subversion of the principles of social rights and the destruction of public liberty! ! f'' hummer's bell. The First Presbyterian church of Iowa City was organized in August, 1840, and Rev. Michael Hummer was its first pastor, from 1841 to 1846. The presbytery then appointed him as their agent to go east and collect funds for the establishment of a Presbyterian college or seminary at West Point in Lee county. He seems to have been successful in his mission, and also to have been instrumental in procuring a fine bell to be donated to the new church building at Iowa City, which had been commenced in 1844, and first used (the basement only) in December, 1846, but was not completed until 1850, [This building was afterward burned down.] The bell was received and put up in the church tower in 1847 or '48. But during Mr. Hummer's absence east, he had embraced some Sweden- borgian, or spiritualistic, or "spirit-rapping" ideas that were very unortho- dox, and out of this probably grew some accusations of " bad faith " also in the matter of funds — a most natural thmg, whether he was honest or not; for he had to pay his own salary and expenses out of the funds donated or given to him as agent for the college, and nobody knew but himself just how much he had received. At any rate charges were brought against him in presbytery. Over the trial on these he got furious, sjorming angry, and left the room in a rage, declaring that the presbytery was " a den of ecclesiastical thieves.'''' From this time forth he paid no regard to the authority of the presbytery, and at its next session he was formally- expelled from the ministry. Meanwhile he had gone to Keokuk and was planning to build a spiritual temple or church there, for which that fine bell at Iowa City would be a crowning jewel. He still held claims against the church for his unpaid salary while pastor, and concluded to sieze on the bell for those claims. This was in 1848. So he and a Dr. Margrave came up from Keokuk with a team to carry the bell away. Hummer got a ladder and climbed up into the belfry with ropes and tackle and let the bell down. But this was a work of considerable time and difficulty for two men, and ere the}' had got it down a curious crowd was gathered about. As soon as it became known what was going on a scheme was made up to prevent the bell from being carried away to do duty for a rival town. As soon as Hummer got it down a wagon was brought up and the bell loaded into it and taken away while Hummer was up in the belfry unfastening his ropes and tackle, and his assistant, Hargrave, had gone to fetch their team, the ladder having been also removed so that *A current nickname for democrat. 434 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Hummer could not jj^et down. It was all the work of a few minutes, and when Margrave got back, the bell was gone, and Hummer raving and scolding and gesticulating like a madman, at which the boys and loafers below were laughing and hurrahing as if they were seeing the clown in "the biggest show on earth." Hargrave put the ladder back and let his reverend friend get down; but, alas! the bell! the bell! it was nowhere to be seen. Eli M3^ers drove the team that carried off the bell, followed by David Lamreau, James Miller, A. B. Newcomb, and two or three others. They took it up the river to near the mouth of Rapid creek and sank it deep out of sight. Its hiding place was to be kept a profound secret until Hum- mer's lawful claims against the church were in some way settled, so that the bell should not by any possible legal process get into his possession again and be taken away. When this danger was all past, it was then to be returned and put up in the church belfry again. But while things were waiting in this shape, Myers, Newcomb, Lamreau, Miller, and some oth- ers started for California. Some of them secretly fished up that bell, packed it in a strong box, loaded it into Newcomb's wagon, and took it with them to speculate on. At Salt Lake they sold it to the Mormons for what they could get. All this was only known then to the men who took it away; they started from Iowa City, April 15, 1850. Somehow the clapper to the bell was left behind, and ultimately found its way into Thomas Hughes' cellar, where it lay rusting many years. But the bell was searched for after Hummer was safely out of the way, and behold it had "washed down the river," or "sunk through to China, or something. The "spirit rappmgs" told Hummer that it was buried under the State house. Nobody could imagine what had become of it, until long years afterward some returned California gold hunters let the secret out. In 1868, Rev. S. M. Osmond was pastor of the Presbyterian'Church of Iowa City; he heard what the returned Californians had reported, and so wrote to Brigham Young, the Salt Lake Mormon potentate, with seventeen wives, in regard to it. Brigham Young wrote back, yes, the bell is here. We have no use for it, and have never used it. It will be sent to the con- gregation it was made for, w^hen they will pay shipping expenses. This letter was dated Salt Lake City, November 3, 1868. Asa Calkins, who was then a clerk in Brigham Young's office, lived in Iowa City when Hummer took the bell down, and knew all about the affair at the time. The Iowa City church has never ordered it sent back. This Hummer's bell fiasco was a notable and exciting affair in its day — was talked about, and laughed over, and turned into a great deal of fun. Hon. John P. Cook and Hon. Wm. H. Tuthill, then young lawyers, com- posed a song on the subject, which has often been pubhshed; and Cook sang it for the amusement of his fellow lawyers and the judge one evening after court. Stephen Whicher, Esq., was present at the time and wrote HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 435 down the verses as they were improvised by Cook and Tutthill. [The entire song may be found in Annals ot Iowa, July, 1864, p. 333.] A young artist of Iowa City made a pictorial sketch of the affair, which is still pre- served in the Stale Historical rooms. THE GREAT CYCLONE. In 1859 occurred the great " cyclone " which passed through a portion of Johnson county. Its greatest force was spent while crossing the Iowa river, just below the fair grounds, where it is reported that it scooped out the water till the bed of the stream could be seen entirely across. Such freaks of the elements were not common then and not a little consterna- tion was caused by the " water spout," as it was termed, though no one was fatally injured. DESTRUCTIVE FIRE. On Tuesday night, Oct. 11, 1864, occurred one of the most extensive fires in the history of Iowa City. A report published at the time relates: The fire originated in a shed in the rear of Beibshimer's confectionery store, whence it spread with great rapidity among the surrounding wooden buildings. On the west of the building first burned, the house lately occupied by Mr. Taylor, as a tailor shop, and the dry goods and grocery store of Mr. Kruger were destroyed. The further spread of the fire in this direction was stopped by the excellent three story brick build- ing of Mr. P. P. Freeman. On the east the fire met with no check. The frame building occupied by Mr. Xanten was destroyed, together with much furniture and stock. Here the brick building owned in part by Mr. Zimmerman, and partly by Chas. Boye, Esq., offered for a time some resistance to the flames, but the wooden sheds in the rear having caught, the whole building was speedily destroyed. Zimmerman succeeded in saving most of his furniture and stock. Etzel, who occupied the east half as a saloon and residence, lost heavily in liquors, and had some bedding stolen. From here the fire turned the corner, taking Deitz's grocery store, Aeschelman's barber shop, Saykora's saloon, Rapp's boot and shoe store, and Bishop's harness shop, the last building on the alley was torn down, thus saving the other buildings on the block. The total number of houses destroyed was thirteen; they were all occupied as business houses and their loss will be severely felt. The surmises concerning the origin of the fire are numerous; that it was the work of an incendiary there can be little doubt, as there had been no fire during the day in the building which was first burned. OBSEQUIES TO PRESIDENT LINCOLN. April 14, 1865, President Lincoln received the assassin Booth's fatal shot, died at 7:30 o'clock a. m., on the 15th; and at 11 o'clock, only three and a half hours later. Vice President Johnson was sworn in by Chief Justice S. P. Chase, and assumed the duties of chief magistrate of the 436 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. nation. The following proceedings had at Iowa City belong to the local history of the time, and explain themselves. The programme as here laid down was fully carried out: PUBLIC MEETING. In compliance with a call issued during the day, April 17, 1865, the citi- zens of Iowa City assembled at the court house. On motion, ex-Governor Samuel J. Kirkwood was called to the chair, and Thos. J. Cox, chosen secretary. The chairman stated the object of the meeting, which was to take some steps in reference to the sad event of the assassination and death of Presi- dent Lincoln. On motion, a committee of seven was appointed by the chair to draft resolutions. The following were appointed: Messrs. N. H. Brainerd, C. T. Ran- som, R. S. Finkbine, S. C. Trowbridge, E. W. Lucas, W. E. Miller and John Williams. The committee having retired to Judge Williams' office, remarks appro- priate to the occasion were made, by Z. C. Luse, J. C. Edmonds, S. H. Fairall, Rev. Laflerty and W. C. Gaston. The committee on return made the following report, which, on motion, was received and adopted: Your committee would recommend the adoption of the following pro- gramme, to be observed of our lamented chief magistrate, Abraham Lin- coln. That on the day of the funeral ceremonies at Washington City, the citi- zens of Iowa City and Johnson county turn out en masse, and form a fun- eral procession ; that all the places of business be closed ; that all business be suspended during the entire day; that all business places and offices be draped in mourning; that all flags be suspended at half mast, with the union down; that the procession be formed at 12:30 o'clock p. m., under the direction of the marshals, to march to music to place of public speak- ing, at the State University, the oration to be delivered by Gov. Kirk- wood. That Col. Williams act as chief marshal, and that a committee of arrangement, composed of nine gentlemen, be appointed to superintend all the necessary preparations. The following were appointed as committee of arrangement: Messrs. Z. C. Luse, R. Hutchinson, S. II. Fairall, E. Clark, H. Murray, M. Fisher, John Williams, Rush Clark and E. Shep- hard. On motion, it was further ordered, that the mayor be requested to issue his proclamation, to close all saloons and business places during the day. On motion, the meetings adjourned. Sam'l J. Kirkwood, President. Thos. Cox, Secretary. A WINTER OF DISTRESS. During the winter of 1874-75, there was so Httle employment for labor- ing people, such a severe winter and so much destitution, that a soup house was opened and kept up by the benevolent people of the city. The following final report published March 26, 1875, shows of its operations: HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 437 It was in operation forty-four days, and we are enabled to submit the following: STATEMENT. Quarts of soup to the poor 1,786 Loaves of bread to the poor 583 Expense M days at $5.13 per day $225.53 Receipts 44 days at $3.60 per day 156.65 Deficit 69.88 The deficit has been assumed by a gentleman who had an interest in the cause. THE SPELLING MANIA. During the winter of 1874-75, a spelling-school epidemic swept over the country, and Johnson county "had it bad." The newspapers of the time are full of it. The Iowa City Daily Pi'ess of April 15, 1875, says: The spelling match last night was attended by an immense audience, and the fun was perfectly uproarious. Mr. Hirschel of the law class, and Mr. Brush, tutor in Latin, were captains of their respective sides, and fell before their men went down. The contest was spirited, and good spelling was done by all the class who had time to recover from their first ner- vousness. The last three up were Prof. Hammond and Mr. Springer, of Hirschel's side, and Mr. Ball of the Bushwhackers. Finally Springer went down b}^ forgetting that the Latin c in nomen gets changed to / in English, and then Ball rolled oft' on "extravasation," and Prof. Hammond was left the victor in a very fine and well fought orthographical battle. So pleased was every one at the close that it was announced that another contest would be held upon notice in the newspapers. The propounder had an unquiet night of contention with the ghosts of Webster and Worcester, imagined himself an unabridged dictionary, buried under a mound of spell- ing books with 'Aam' at his head and 'Zythum' at his feet." THE PAPER MILL EXPLOSION. The most frightful catastrophe that has ever occurred in Johnson county, was the explosion of Close's paper mill at Coralville, about nine o'clock on Thursday evening, July 23, 1875. The State Press pubHshed a detailed report of the terrible calamity at the time; and from its files we compile the following points of permanent historic interest One of the largest of our manufacturing establishments was Close's paper mill at Coralville, one and one-half miles from this city. It ran two paper machines, eleven beating engines and four pulping tanks. Its man- ual force was thirty men and women, divided into two gangs, each twelve hours on and twelve oft'. It stopped only at 12 o'clock each Saturday night, to start again at 12 each Sunday night, and the week saw no pause in the ponderous and interesting machinery. Its product was six tons of paper every 24 hours, ready for shipping, and every bale left its doors for the freight cars upon a track immediately in front, which carried it to all the markets. The following diagram will aid much in understanding the account of this strange, sad casualty. It should be borne in mind that the machinery was run by water power; steam was only used for cooking and chemical 28 438 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. purposes; the "engines" named were not steam engines, but huge beating machines employed in purifying the pulp: DIAGRAM OF ROOMS AND MACHINERY. NORTH. ^ ^ Paper Machines. E-i 02 pa Beating Engines. P5 W W i^ c SO Beating Engines. o 1— 1 SOUTH. The long ell projecting to the west was the stock-room, in which "C" represents the position of the straw cutter, "B B" represents the boiler- room, in which was generated the steam used in pulping or cooking the straw in the tanks numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, in the adjoining room. Next in rear of the tank-room are the beating-engines, in which the pulp is washed free of the chemicals used in reducing the straw. Another similar engine room is at the north side of the tank room, both of these last being indi- cated by " engines." The north side of the building was occupied by the two paper machines with their heads to the west where the finished paper was delivered to the counters and balers at "W W." The black lines show the outer walls and partitions that were demolished. The explosion occurred in the tank-room, tank No. 3, weighing 6,000 pounds, being lifted from its bottom and blown so high that it looked no larger than a flour barrel, and falling into the river, where its fall is marked by "5" in the diagram. The gang of hands that came on at noon were within three hours of the end of their stent. The midnight gang had finished their sleep, and supped, and were scattered around the village waiting for their time. Frank Chiha, the fireman, whose duty it was to regulate the steam passing into the tanks, was at his post at " B B." Jos. Stually was in the stock-room behind tank No. 4. Tierny was at the straw cutter, " C." Gilmore and Sinton were in the room over the tanks, and Herman Bechtel, an employe of the flouring-mill near by, was chatting with Chiha in the boiler room. These six were instantly killed. Jas. Smally, son of Joseph, was in the engine-room next the river and cowering in the corner, the explosion passed over him and he was unhurt. George Stevens, George Close (son of the proprietor of the mill), W. A. Forbes, machine tenders, were in the machine room, and although all were knocked down by the concussion, were not seriously hurt. Thomas Lally, engine tender, was in the engine-room north of the tanks and escaped without much injury. The ladies, Mary Ward, Jennie Warren, Jane Basor, and Martha Doch- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 439 erty, were at their places at the "delivery" of the paper machines, marked " W W." Mary Ward was struck on the back with debris. Jane Basor was knocked down twice by falling timbers or brick, and Martha Doch- erty was cut on the shoulder, but none of their injuries were serious. There were in the mill at the time, Mary Ward, Jennie Warren, Jane Basor, Mary Docherty, George Stevens, George Close, W. A. Forbes, Thomas Lally, James Smally, Nathaniel Gilmore, Frank Chiha, Walter Sinton, Patrick Tierney, Joseph Smally, Herman Bechtel, fifteen per- sons in all, and the last six of whom were instantly killed. Nathaniel Gilmore was blown many hundred feet into the air and struck the ground in front of the flour mill, 100 feet north of the paper mill. His pitchfork and lantern (he was a straw handler), made the dread journey, and were found with him. Frank Chiha went into the air and struck 100 feet west of the boilers, "B. B." Walter Sinton was blown into the air and fell seventy yards from the mill, west, across the street, striking and piercing the roof of a paint shop in the second story of Statler's wagon factory. To so great a hight did the impetus carry him that in his fall he made a hole in the roof as large as his bod}', breaking through the shingles, the inch sheathing and snap- ping two rafters! His body was not found until the hole in the roof was seen the next morning. Patrick Tierney's body was found near the straw cutter "C." Joseph Smally lay in the angle made by the south wall and the parti- tion between the east engine room and the tank room, in an almost direct line east of tank No. i, and with the tank on top of him. He was literally cooked with the steam and hot liquor from the tank. Herman Bechtel was blown west and struck the ground 500 feet from the mill. His head struck first and dented the hard soil six inches; the body bounded about eight feet. THE DEAD. Nathaniel Gilmore had been married about a year, and leaves a wife about to become a mother. Frank Chiha was an upright and exemplar}' young Bohemian, about to be married to a young lady of his nationality. Walter Sinton was a Scotchman, had been in this cou ry about three years, and leaves a wife and two children. Patrick Tierney was a widower with eight children. Joseph Smally was an elderly man; family all grown up. James Smally, working in the engine room east of the tanks, is his son. Herman Bechtel was the only support of an aged mother. He was a young man of steady habits. The only minor casualty of any gravity occurred to Mr. McCann, father to one of the mill men who would have come on at midnight. He and Mr. Kloos, Sr., were walking up street near the west front of the mill, and Mr. McCann got a broken arm. There were many narrow escapes. Mr. Francis, one of the mill hands, had just stepped from the boiler room and passed north, outside, in front of the machine room; his brother Charles had passed the same route but a moment before. James Smally says he felt it coming, and thought they were " blowing ofi','' — that is, emptying the tanks, as they did when the pulping process 440 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. had made the straw ready for the engines; and in the next instant he crouched in the corner of the east engine room and the ruin flew over him, while his father was done to death lifteen feet from him. The shock was felt in the city as a distant and very heavy blast, the concussion being quite perceptible, and the noise being merged into one roar. Those nearer to the scene sa}^ that there were four distinct explosions, which was doubtless the case, as No. 3, would naturally cause the explosion of 1, 2, and 4, following in rapid succession, yet at an interval noted bv the ear. As the mass was lifted into the air witnesses speak of it as all looking red, as if a flame below reflected from it. The tank No. 3, was noted in its flight by many. Mr. Thomas Curry saw Bechtel's body in the air when it looked no larger than a common hat. Following rapidly upon the explosion came the clattering of a horse ridden madly to town. The rider passed through the streets crying the calamity aloud, and in a few minutes the road to the disaster was turned into a panting, pulsating artery of human sympathy. The road was crowded with every discription of vehicle, with people on horseback and on foot, and so it continued all night. A bonfire was built to illuminate the ruin and hundreds of men worked the night through. The bodies of Gilmore, Bechtel and Chiha were recovered immediately. Smally was found about one o'clock and Tierney some hours later, Sinton not being discovered until daylight. Description cannot convey the impression made by the scenes of that night. The river weirdly traced by the flickering lights and chasing shadows; the hollow roar of the adjacent dam; the loud mourning of men for their relatives, of children for their fathers, and wives for husbands they would meet no more; the great pieces of machinery thrown into fantastic confusion, shafts thrown from their seats and their length lost in the darkness; long belts sinuously mingling with fallen brick and broken beams, made a picture that sleep could not subdue into forgetful- ness. The cause of the explosion is sought in but two directions. The steam was delivered to the tanks by a pipe which passed over them with a small pipe branching to each, and each of these small pipes was fitted wdth a cock which could shut steam oft' of its tank, while the supply might be continued to the others. In the main pipe between these branch pipes and the bpiler, was fitted a large cock, by which the steam supply to all the tanks was regulated. The last that was known of Chiha he had gone up the steps to turn steam oft'. He may have made a mistake and turned it on. There was a pressure of fifty pounds in the boilers, the tanks were intended to carry fifty pounds; they may have been straining at a less pressure and an access of force by an unintended supply of steam may have exploded No. 3. But with that tank burst, the boiler pressure upon the other ceased instantly, then why did they follow if it were a steam explosion ? The testimon}- of those who saw the explosion at a distance of from a quarter to a half mile, is unanimous upon the red glare heretofore spoken of. Our opinion is that it was a chemical explosion, fortified by these premises : The straw is pulped by the use of chemicals, lime and acids, muriatic and sulphuric, we believe. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 441 The immense force of the explosion could not have been gathered on a fifty pound pressure. The red glare was the combustion of the gas. The explosion of more than one tank, with a notable interval between, demonstrates that it could not have been steam, for, when No. 3 blew up it carried the main pipe with it and cut off all boiler pressure, then how could the others have exploded? It was gas. No. 3 was more heavily charged than the others and it exploded first and most forcibl}?', and the others followed in rapid succes- sion, the gas combusting as it came in contact with the air. This " chemical theory " as to the real cause of the explosion was pub- lished in the State Press at the time, and is fully concurred in by this his- torian. COLLATERAL INCIDENTS. The pearl barley mill stands to the south, and its north wall was moved about an inch. Mr. McCann, the superintendent of the paper mill, had just stepped out of the mill and was standing on the west front about five feet from the line of the explosion. He says that tank No. 3, went straight up through the roof to an altitude that made it look no larger than a bucket, and Sin- ton was on top of it. An estimate based upon the relation of the size of a bucket to the true size of the tank, shows the tank to have reached a hight of 512 feet, from which Sinton fell and pierced the roof of the build- ing where he was found. Some people in the city noted two distinct explosions. Buildings in the city were jarred; in one or two cases doors were jarred open, and the foliage of trees was seen to tremble and rustle. The first conclusion, from this combination of noise and motion, was that an earth quake had passed. THE INQUESTS. Two inquests were held. The first during the night. Coroner Murray summoning as a jury. Col. Graham, J. M. Sheets and John H. Clark. The jury found that Bechtel, Gilmore, Chiha, and Smally came to their death by the explosion of bleaching tanks in the Coralville oaper- mill. The second jury, consisting of John H. Clark, J. R. Hackett, and W. W. Kirkwood, sat this morning and reached the same finding in the cases of Sinton and Tierney. [From the Daily Press of Saturday, July 24.] Gilmore's body was sent to sepulture in the countr}- grave yard, starting at 4 o'clock this morning. A funeral program for the interment of the others was issued this morning, in English, German, and Bohemian, as follows: FUNERAL NOTICE. The funeral of Walter Sinton, Frank Chiha, Herman Bechtel, Joseph Smally, and Patrick Tierney, will take place from Coralville, on Sun- day, July 25, 1S75, at 2 o'clock. The services by protestant clergymen, and by Fathers Rice and Emonds, will be held at Coralville before the above hour, after which the proces- 44:2 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. sion, marshaled by Col. Harvey Graham and John Xanten, will move to the Catholic Cemetery and Oakland, to be joined at the iron bridge by civic societies on foot, and to separate for the respective burial places at the pubHc well on Fairchild street. The public is invited to attend these obsequies. The German Benevolent Society, the Ochotnik, Bohemian Society, and St. Patrick's Benevolent Societ}^, will meet the procession at the bridge. Let there be such an expression of public sympathy upon this occasion as shall emphatically express all that the pubhc feels. The mills were promptly rebuilt, and now (1882) still continue to be one of the most important manufacturing enterprises in the county, and still owned by Mr. Close. IOWA city's historic w^ind storm. ■ Wind storms are common enough, but occasionally one occurs of such unusual severity that it will do to keep, as a sort of historic way-mark in the rushing tide of events. Iowa City had her most memorable wind storm at about six o'clock, on the evening of June 20, 1877. The following graphic account of it is from the Iowa City Daily Press of the succeeding day: At six o'clock yesterday evening a little bank of blue cloud lay on the horizon; rain and storm have been so frequent of late that no attention was paid to this, except to surmise whether or no it would interfere with the University exercises. At seven o'clock there were indications of trouble. The line of cloud closed over the western horizon, and rolled up a foamy crest of white fleece, prognosticating a heavy wind. In fifteen minutes more the air trembled, though there was no breeze, the trees moaned softly, and a deep "sough" rose from the west, like the muffled roar of a distant waterfall, or the tread of an approaching army. Louder and deeper it grew, until suddenly the air grew thick with dust and leaves and debris, and the storm was raging through the streets. It may be worth remembering in this connection, that the rate of the wind was a little over a mile per minute. The clouds of dust rolled through the streets, and hanging a dun pall over the whole city. At this moment the streets were crowded with people hastening to the chapel. They w^ere driven in stores, unable to face the storm that carried before it bits of wood and clay, pelting like black hail: boxes, barrels, boards, shingles, signs, awnings, and branches of trees swept down the streets; everything moveable borne forward on the wings of the blast. At twenty-five min- utes past seven, when the storm was at its height, a dull, heavy roar, and a trembling of the ground told of a great shock, and on Clinton street the cry went up that the spire of the Presbyterian Church had fallen. Chim- neys uncounted were blown down, trees by the hundred were uprooted, or lost their limbs, and the grass and grain bowed to the earth. The wind did not blow in a direct line, nor did it possess a real circular motion; but came now from one, then from another point, with a short, jerky, twirling motion, nearly as powerful as the actual cyclone. The duration of the gale was not over fifteen minutes, during which time but little rain fell. The damage done bv the storm was great, the most serious being the destruction of the Presbyterian Church spire, with a portion of the front of the building. The spire was carried awa}' completely as far as to the wood-work, and the entire east, together with most of the south walls, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 443 the west and north walls, poured down bricks into the gallery and audito- rium of the church, throwing down the east side of the gallery wall, and carrying it, with part of the gallery flooring and stairways, down into the basement, tearing away all the east floor of the lower hall. The spire fell almost directly east, across Clinton street, the finial breaking down a panel of Mr. T. J. Cox's fence. The spire was so demolished that had it not been for a few sections of the roof it could not have been identified. With the spire came the great bell, weighing 2,874 pounds; this struck on its side, but received no damage, beyond breaking the iron yoke to which it was suspended. The spire fell entire, and did not break until it reached the ground. One of the great timbers drawing back toward the building, thrust a hole through the east wall of the tower. The damage to the church will not fall short of six thousand dollars, and perhaps, all things counted in, frescoing, ceiling up, and rebuilding, it will reach seven thou- sand. The spire was built on the church in 1869, and the bell put in place the same year. The extreme height of the spire from the ground was one hundred and fifty-three feet; one hundred feet of the tower fell, leav- ing but fifty feet remaining. The Congregational spire suffered severely by the storm; the west and north walls are cracked, the stone arches on the windows are moved out of place, and the spire itself has been moved several inches out of the perpendicular. Mr. P. P. Freeman's barn was unroofed, and part of the brick walls blown in. To speak of chimneys and trees carried away would be to give a directory of the town. The big barn of Mr. E. C. Lee, West Lucas, was moved off its foun- dation. In Coralville, Mr. Val. Miller's big corn crib was blown over on the track. The hay barracks of Alden Fletcher and Jabez Stevens were blown down. All the fences around Coralville were laid flat. Ham's big bulletin board, at the old iron bridge, fell before the wind. The barn of Mrs. W. D. Conrad, just above Deitz & Hemmer's mill, was demolished without serious injury, except depriving the great flocks of pigeons of a home. When the wind had passed there was a deluge of rain that lasted several hours. Of narrow escapes from personal injury there were many, though none so thrilling as that of Mr. C. L. Mozier. He was driving down Clinton street in his carriage, (the horse on a gentle trot) and when directly in a line with the spire he happened to cast his eye upward and saw a sight that might well chill the blood with fear — the tower leaning toward the street at an angle of twenty or thirty degrees, directly above him. He dropped the lines, and shouted to the horse; had there been a second's balk, had the horse hesitated a moment, he would have been crushed beneath the great mass. As it was, he felt the ground shake under him as the hind wheels of the carriage stood on the crossing, so close that for a moment he thought the carriage was falling a wreck beneath him. It was, indeed, a narrow escape, and one that Mr. Mozier will remember while life lasts. Lizzie Cook, a little girl who lives on the fair ground, was met by the storm-cloud in the center of the railroad bridge; she had her arms full of bundles, but letting go of them she clung to the rods and bolt-heads on the side, bracing herself against the timbers below. She saw her bunc^les carried across the stream by the wind, alighting on the show-giound. When she reached honne the prints of the screw threads on the rod were plainly visible on her hands. 444 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. The gale surprised the excursionists at the Woodside boat house, but did no harm beyond putting many of them to considerable inconvenience, and detaining some of them until after 10 o'clock. The damage to the crops, especially corn, was quite severe. In Coral- ville many sheds were unroofed and trees uprooted. The storm seems to have been compressed in quite a narrow path, generally on the line of the river. SNOW BOUND. During the first week of March, 1881, Iowa City was snow bound. A terrible snow storm had blocked all roads, and no railroad trains had passed over the Rock Island road for four days; the B., C. R. & N. had been trainless for over a week. Trains had been abandoned and hun- dreds of people from all parts of the state who had gathered in the city to be present at the commencement of the medical schools were compelled to prolong their visit indefinitely. Iowa City was only connected with the outside world by means of the telegraph. On Saturday, March 5, the Re-publican issued a "snow bound edition," filled with the telegraphic news of the week, and columns of personals, telling who was "snowed in" at the city and where they belonged; also who was snowed otd of the city and where they were supposed to be, waiting and watching across the blockade. THE GREAT FLOOD OF 1881. In June and July, 1881, Johnson county experienced heavy rains and high water, beyond anything of the kind since 1851 — just thirty years before. From the reports of the State Press we compile such details as seem to have a live historic interest. Of the storm on June 29, 1881, the report says: Monday night's rain fall was the heaviest ever known here. The storm broke upon the city at about midnight, gently at first, and all the time without wind, but with water fall of increasing intensity until there were no rain drops, for it came in solid sheets. In the city, aside from the filling of uptown cellars, the damage was limited to the lines of Ralston creek and Market run. On Ralston the first damage done was below its junction with the long slough which runs into it from the southeast, crossing the Muscatine road near the old Con- nelly place. The two streams joined and destroyed bridge number 23 on the B., C. R. & N. road. The stream carried off' the sidewalk bridge on the Avenue at Mr. E. Hughes', flooded the gardens, rose mid sides to the horses in Mr. Welch's stable on Mr. Patterson's lot, swept Mr. Beranek's garden at the Johnson street crossing, and rose to a depth of eighteen inches in his house; washed the B., C. R. & N. freight depot nearly off its feet, and weakened bridges 24 and 25 on the same line. The damage on Market Run, aside from some extensive chicken drowning, began at Bloomington street in the destruction of sidewalks and bridges. At Market street, the old stone arch bridge built in 1857 by Starkey & Boartz, was swept out, the opening was insufficient for the sudden flood and its freight of drift. The water gathered above the bridge on Pisha's lot to such a hight that it finally went clear over the street, carrying away the dirt cover over the arch, when the structure broke and went out with HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 445 a roar like thunder, the heavy stones floating like corks half way across the park. This sudden flood released sped to the Jefferson street bridge south of the park and carried it out, swept out-houses and small buildings, left the Avenue bridge intact, but took out the foot bridge and poured into the flat bounded by the old banks of Ralston. There it left the horses and cow in Col. Trowbridge's stable swimming, drowned one pig in his pen and floated another out alive, rose to the chins of Stertet's tall mules in a stable in the rear of the old Reynold's lot, floated several piles of Por- ter's lumber from south of Trowbridge's up on the Washington street fill and turned the old bed of Ralston east of Gilbert street, into a lake of several feet deep. On the bank of this lake stands the Berryhill house, a brick building. Mr. Jack Reeder and family occupy its under story. Mr. Reeder had left his cow tethered to his wagon by a sixty feet rope. He was in bed and asleep when he heard some one call out that his cow was drowning. He jumped out of bed into water up to his knees. Before he could get his wife and child up stairs the water was over the bed. South of the B., C. R. & N. passenger depot the flood routed out Uncle Boone, the colored man, and his numerous family and they waded out to the high ground. The damage to city on bridges, etc., is about $1,000, that to the road and private property about $5,000. The following additional account pertains to the July storm and flood, from a week to ten days after the foregoing: June had been showery this 3'ear, but the streams were not kept full, though the ground was supersaturated. The June rains closed with the great fall of the 27th, and there was hardly any more rain in the Iowa river water-shed until Sunday, July 10, when it began at Marshalltown, distant by river from Iowa City about 200 miles. The rain began here on Saturday night and was very heavy. Next day the local drainage raised the river about 14 feet. On Monday it began to fall and by Tuesday night had receded five feet. Then began the second rise, the great flood initiated at Marshalltown, which had swept 200 miles of bot- tom lands, inundated three cities and reached us hungry for more spoils. All day the water rose. About ten o'clock it crossed the causeway to the lower bridge, and two hours later it swept over the much higher approach to the Centennial bridge. The water rose, crept, crawled up and up, until it was twenty-two and a half feet above low water level, had cut oft' travel over the bridges, and made the river in many places five miles wide. The first building to move was Dietz & Hemmer's grain house, stand- ing near their mill, a mile north of the city. When it moved into the stream the water was within five feet of the floors of the two iron wagon bridges and that near to the bottom cord of the Rock Island railroad bridge. In the emergency Mr Hemmer ran to the river and put out crews in a half dozen skiffs and they, by dint of pushing and pulling, got the house out of the current, and ran it upon a high point just north of the east end of the Centennial bridge. Here it was in constant danger of swinging into the stream, and attacking the bridge. The causeway is at that end of the bridge, and if the house could be swung into the water on the upper side of that it would be safe. Messrs. Gil. and Frank Fletcher went out in skiffs, chopped through and fastened ropes around the corner posts; these were made fast on the shore. The Rock Island company sent up its bridge gang, and by their help, when the water rose so as to 446 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. float the house otl'the point, it was pulled in to the east bank and made safe. This bit of good work saved the county about $35,000 of bridges, and the Rock Island company as much more, for the house was loaded with tive tons of grain and mill-feed, and would have swept the channel. The village of Coralville, one mile up stream from this city, suffered severely. All of its lower part was deserted; about twenty houses were inundated. The manufacturers there suffered. The river-wall of M. T. Close & Son's great paper-mill fell in upon the machinery, and the dam was greatly injured by channelling around its east end. Mr. Frank Fletcher's ice-house on the bank suffered a considerable loss. Between Coralville and the city Mr. Wm, Berger's ice-house was not only emptied, but floated ofl'and destroyed, and Mr. Warner's large ice-house near Dietz & Hemmer's mill was emptied. Fortunately our city stands high above all possible floods, with only a small part of its homes below the cruel line of inundation. That lower part was covered, driving about twenty families to higher ground. iVt the foot of the Dubuque street hill, below the Rock Island railroad track skiffs debarked for voyages all over the bottom, to the glass works, pack- ing house, and distillery, all of which, however, were above the flood line, and suflered no injury. The damage is inestimable. The bottom farms through Madison, Penn, Monroe, JefTerson, Newport, Lucas, Libert}^, Pleasant Valley, and Fremont townships were laid waste. When the flood was at its height on Tuesday Mr. John P. Dostal brought his steam yacht down from the club grounds near Butler's land- ing, entered Coralville under full speed and steamed right down the main street in front of the paper-mill, across Clear creek bridge, over Dietz & Hemmer's dam, and landed at the city. His steamer was covered with flags, and the daring voyage was the sensation of the day. Coralville was short of provisions and telephoned an order to Mr. Hummer's wholesale grocery. The goods were put upon the steamer and delivered on the up trip. This is an incident to remember, for half a life-time will probably pass before another steamboat is seen in the streets of Coralville. In connection with the above accounts of the watery wastefulness of 1881, the following historic reminiscence was published: THE PIONEER FLOOD OF 1851. The first great flood after the white settlement of this valley occurred in 1851. That rise came after a wet season that kept the stream about full, and one that was unexampled in the violence of its rains, deepening to a waterfall early in August of ten inches in twenty-four hours! The water rose to the west side of the Universit}- campus, which was then the State-house yard. There were but few houses on the bottoms, but they were deluged. In one on the second bench, occupied by Mr. T. W. Wil- son, the water rose two and a half feet, expelling the family. The Indians during that flood pointed out a high-water mark one foot above the high- est point reached, which was, at this place, twenty-five feet above low-water mark. Within a few weeks of thirty years the flood of 1851 has been duplicated. THE STEIN MURDER AND SUICIDE. Nov. 5, 1881, a man known as Anton Stein, but whose real name proved to be A. Skierecki, enacted a horrible tragedy in Iowa City. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 447 He was thirty-seven years of age. He came to America in 1877, and to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in 1879. In June, 1880, he courted and married the widow of Mr. Goering, at Cedar Rapids, the daughter of P. Hess, a Ger- man family that settled in Iowa City in 1862. Stein's wife commenced a suit for divorce, charging extreme cruelty and gross neglect, and such other charges as are usually made for grounds of divorce. On the 2d day of November, 1881, the suit was heard before Judge Hedges, in the Johnson county court, and a divorce was granted to her. The State Press gave the following additional particulars: Stein passed that night at his boarding house, Mrs. Spryng's on south Dubuque street. He rose late last Saturday morning [Nov. 5], dressed himself elaborately in a suit his wife's money had bought, and asked for breakfast. The landlady told him it was too late for breakfast, but he could have a cup of coflee. He took this and left the house a little after 8 o'clock. He next visited Mr. Boal's office, and had such a threatening air that the office boy, who was alone, locked the door. Mrs. Stein was living with her father and mother, on Market street, next door west of the Union bakery, in a modest one-story house, built by the late Geo. L. Ruppert for his venerable father. Stein was under injunction of the court to keep away from this house. From Mr. Boal's office he went to Luse's shoe shop, where Mr. Hess worked, and finding him there at his bench, went straightway to the ungarded house, to seek his prey in the defense- less woman and little children. The house has a front room, entered by an outer door in the southeast corner; next north of the front room is a bed room and sort of sewing room and snuggery, and north of that the kitchen, which opens to the east on a pleasant porch. Lizzie was in this kitchen, tending to her house plants and singing over the congenial duty, for she was young, of kind and gentle heart, and a mild temper and innate ladyhood that were not scarred deeply by the miserable mistake of her unhappy marriage. The shadow of Stein was cast athwart the window, and he raised the latch and entered. She cried to her mother ^'-cr komvitf'' '.' He comes," and turned to face him. He asked her to bring him a book which was in the middle room, and belonged to him. She went for it, and returned with it and his mother's picture, which she handed to him first. The cold-blooded wretch took in his left hand the picture of the woman who bore him, and armed with a glitterering knife sharpened to exquisite ^^g'i, with his right hand stabbed at the bosom of the woman he had at the altar sworn to cherish! The old mother was away in the little front room, and ran to fight for her child. Lizzie struggled with all the desperation of the strong young *life which was draining from stab after stab. At length smitten by twelve wounds, the floor slippery with her blood, she fell, and the wretch knelt upon her breast and finished his butchery by nearly severing her head from the body. Rising he turned upon her mother, and gave her a ghastly gash in the throat, not severing the windpipe or artery, however. Mrs. Hess ran then into the street, bleeding terribly, and screaming, for in that intense fight with the bl(>ody butcher, the only words spoken had been the two, "I will," uttered by Lizzie just as the swift knife was falling upon her. The alarm, from mouth to mouth, and by many telephones, speedily gathered a great crowd. Stein stood for a moment in the door, menacing the crowd. Dr. Lytle pushed past him. He re-entered the kitchen, stood for a moment 448 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. in the door of the middle room, and fell'on his back, dead. He had proba- bly prepared himself with a dose of Prussia acid, and with it ended where he should have begun. A moment after, we saw them. She lay, as she had fallen. The clouds were clearing away. The sun kissed the flowers that had been her latest care, and passing them Hghted up her crown of rich hair, and her blood that besprinkled and stained its glory glistened like jewels. In the front room as he fell lay the damned butcher, who, without cause, excuse or provocation, had rewarded her confidence with abuse, repaid her kindness with beatings, had betrayed the privacies of her life, reduced her fortune, preyed upon her peace and finally murdered her. Weepingand wandering around were her little girl and boy; sunny memories of happier days were they; heartache and tears only could make answer to their pitiful loneliness. The murderer's body was taken away, and finally was given over to the Medical Department for a post mortem, to learn if possible the poison that killed him. The little girl and boy have since died. The mother-in-law is still liv- ing, having fully recovered from her frightful wound in the throat, but not without some ugly scars. EXCURSION TO DES MOINES — 1882. December 6, 1882, the lozva City Republican led an excursion of citi- zens of Johnson county on a trip to Des Moines. The State Register reported that there were near 700 of the excursionists. The C, R. I. & P. railroad furnished the train; and it was accompanied by the University band and the West Liberty band. At Des Moines the visitors were escorted from the depot to Moore's Opera House, and here speeches of welcome were made by Capt. P. V. Carey, Mayor of Des Moines; Hon. B. R. Sherman, Governor of Iowa, and U. S. Senator Geo. G. Wright. Responses were made on behalf of Iowa City by Dr. E. F. Clapp, and on behalf of Johnson county by ex-State senator S. H. 'Fairall. Hon. James Wilson, congressman elect from the Fifth district (which includes Johnson county) was also present and made a speech. After dinner a train of carriages was provided by the Des Moines city council, and many of the excursionists visited the magnificent new capitol building, of which every loyal lowan feels justly proud. During the excursion day a severe snow storm, occurred, and culminated in setting the thermometer down to 17 ° below zero at the U. S. signal station in Des Moines. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 449 CHAPTER VIL— PART % PROMIJJENT CITIZENS DECEASED. Governor Lucas. — John Gilbert. — Joseph T. Fales. — Capt. F. M. Irish. — Dr. Wm. Vogt. — Hon. Rush Clark. ROBERT LUCAS, THE FIRST GOVERNOR OF IOWA. Robert Lucas, the subject of this sketch, was the fourth son and ninth child of William and Susannah Lucas, and was born April 1, ITSl, in Jef- ferson county, Virginia, a few miles from Harper's Ferry, where his ances- tors settled more than a hundred years ago. His father, who was descended from William Penn, was born January 18, 1743, and his mother, of Scotch extraction, October 8, 1745. They were married about the year 1Y60, and reared a family of six sons and six daughters. His father, who had served as a captain in the Continental army during the revolution- ary war, and had distinguished himself at the battle of Bloody Run, emi- grated with his family to Scioto county, Ohio, at the very beginning of the present century. In leaving the slave state of Virginia for the free embryo commonwealth of Ohio, which had not as yet been admitted into the Union, the elder Lucas performed one of those noble and generous acts so characteristic of the better class of those who were bred under the patriarchal system in the olden time. He freed every one of his adult slaves who wished to remain in Virginia, and provided for tlie younger ones, most of whom he took with him to Ohio, till they became of legal age and able to support themselves. The early education of Gov. Lucas was obtained chiefly before leaving Virginia from an old Scotch schoolmaster named McMullen, who taught him mathematics and surveying, the latter atibrding him remunerative employment immediately upon his entrance into the new and unchained country of Ohio. On the 3d day of April, 1810, Gov. Lucas was married at Portsmouth, the county seat of Scioto county, to Elizabeth Brown, who died Oct. 18, 1812, leaving an infant daughter, the late Mrs. Minerva E. B. Sumner, of West Liberty, Muscatine county, Iowa. On March 7, 1816, he formed a second matrimonial alliance; this time with Friendly A. Sumner, a young lady of twenty years, a native of Vermont, but who had recently immi- grated to Ohio with her father's family from Haverhill, Coos county. New Hampshire. Of this marriage, there were four sons and three daughters. Edward W. Lucas, lieutenant colonel of the 14th Iowa volunteers, was taken prisoner with his regiment by the Confederates, at the battle of Shiloh. The first public office held by Gov. Lucas was that of county surveyor of Scioto county, the commission from Gov. Edward Tiffin, of Ohio, appointing him such being dated December 26, 1803, when Gov. Lucas 450 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. was in his twenty-third year. The certificate of the associate judge of the court of common pleas is signed by Joseph Lucas, an elder brother, is dtaed January 3, 1SU4, and shows that more than one member of the Lucas family were people of standing there in that day. On the 16th day of December, 1S05, Gov. Lucas was commissioned by Gov. Tiffin a justice of the peace for Union township, Scioto county, for three years. His first military appointment was that of lieutenant, also from Gov. Tiffin, and dated at the then capital of Ohio, Chillicothe, Nov. 14, 1803, authorizing him to raise twenty men to assist in filling Ohio's quota of five hundred volunteers called for by the president to meet an expected emergency in the anticipated refusal of the Spanish officers at New Orleans to give up to the United States the country of Louisiana, ceded to them by the French republic, and which congress had authorized the president to take possession of. His commission, issued subsequently, was a lieutenant of the third company of militia in the county of Scioto, first brigade, second division, and was dated the 24th of May, 1804. He was subsequently promoted through all the military grades to major-gen- eral of Ohio militia, which latter promition was conferred on him in 1818. The breaking out of the war of 1812 found Robert Lucas a brigadier- general of Ohio militia, and as such he had much to do in raising troops and encouraging enlistments for Gen. Hull's northwestern army, then organizing for its disastrous march to Detroit and Canada. About the same time he received notice of his appointment as captain in the regular army, and afterwards (July 6, 1812,) was commissioned and assigned to the nineteenth infantry; but before orders or assignment reached him from Washington, he had obeyed the command of Gov. Meigs, of Ohio, to turn out of his brigade twelve hundred men to march to Detroit, and for himself, with a company of men, to repair to Greenville to watch the movements of the Indians, and subsequently to visit Detroit previous to the army marching. Having volunteered his services in the dangerous capacity of a sec i ., he started with minute instructions from Gov. Meigs and Gen. Hull, or. the 25th of May, 1812, for Detroit, where he arrived on the 3d of June, and returning, met the army in the wilderness, to pilot it back to Detroit. Gov. Lucas' elder brother, Joseph, whom we have before noticed as figuring as an associate judge, was captain of company I, in Col. McArthur's regiment, which formed a part of Hull's army, and Gov. Lucas was enrolled as a member of this company, although he was a captain, unassigned, in the regular army. But his chief employment was that of a sp}^ though we find him acting during the campaign in various capacities, scouting, spying, carrying a musket, heading the rang- ers, making assaults, reconnoitering, bringing up trains, piloting the army etc. On the 12th of July, 1812, the main part of Hull's army, with Col. Lewis Cass at their head, crossed the Detroit river into Canada, opposite Detroit, and with them Gov. Lucas, who was one of the first of the HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 451 invading army to land on the enemy's soil. From July 16 to July 21, there was a constant skirmishing between the American and British forces especiall}^ at a bridge over the river Canaan, five miles from Maiden, Canada, where a lively fight occurred, and much confusion taking place in the American ranks, many of the men called on Gov. Lucas to take command, which he was obliged to decline, as their own officers were present. The civil employments to which Gov. Lucas was called by the execu- tive or the people of the State of Ohio were many, and some of them the highest in the gift of the commonwealth. At the time of his second mar- riage, in 1816, he was, and had been for some time, a member of the Ohio legislature, serving successivel}' for nineteen years in one or the other branch of Ohio's general assembly, and in the course of his legislative career presiding over first one and then the other branch. In 1S20, and again 1S28, he was ^elected one of the presidential electors of Ohio. In May, 1832, at Baltimore, Maryland, he presided over the first demo- cratic national convention, — that which nominated Andrew Jackson for his second term as president, and Martin VanBuren for vice president. In 1832 he was elected governor of Ohio, and re-elected in 1834, (defeat- ing Darius Lyman, who ran on the anti-masonic ticket), and declined a third nomination for the same office. It was while he filled the executive chair that the perplexing and angry controversy arose between Ohio and Michigan concerning the boundary line between these states; and it is a singular coincidence that during Gov. Lucas' administration as governor of Iowa, the very same contro- versy should have arisen between Iowa and Missouri, to be settled finally, as was that between Ohio and Michigan, according to the claims and views of Gov. Lucas. Gov. Lucas' early residence, as we have before mentioned, was at Portsmouth, Scioto county. From here, in 1816, he removed to Piketon, Pike county, which continued to be his home till his removal to Iowa in 1838. Under an act of congess "to divide the territor}^ of Wisconsin and to establish the territorial government of Iowa," approved June 12, 1838, the subject of our sketch was appointed by President Van Buren, governor of the territor}^ of Iowa, — a position which carried with it ex-officio the duties and responsibilities, in addition to those of executive, of superin- tendent of Indian affairs. His commission, transmitted to him by John Forsyth, then secretary of state of the United States, bore date the 7th of July, 1838, and reached him at his residence. Pike county, Ohio, ten days afterwards. His appointment was effected through the instrumentality of Thomas L. Harner, of Brown county, Ohio, afterwards a distinguished field and general officer in the Mexican war, but then a member of congress from 452 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Ohio, and to whom President Grant was indebted for his cadetship at West Point, an appointment which, however, had been first offered to Gov. Lucas's son, Edward W. Lucas, but declined. A journey from the interior of Ohio to the banks of the upper Missis- sippi was then a matter of weeks, and not of hours, as now. So that, although Gov. Lucas set out from his home on the 25th of July, delaying on his route only a few days at Cincinnati, to make arrangements for the selection of the books of the territorial library, for which congress had appropriated five thousand dollars, it was not till nearly the middle of August [August 13,J that he reached Burlington (then the temporary seat of the territorial government), whose citizens received him with the honor of a public dinner. His family remained at their home in Ohio, and did not all join him in Iowa for more than a year after his appointment, but he was accompanied from Cincinnati to Burlington by' Jesse Williams, as clerk in the Indian department, and by Theodore S. Parvin, as his private secretary. GOVERNOR LUCAs' COMMISSION. The original document which commissioned Robert Lucas as governor of Iowa, was presented by his daughter, Mrs. Smith, to Col. S. C. Trow- bridge, and by him placed in the State Historical Society's collection. The following is an accurate copy of it: Martin Van Buren, President of the United States. — To all that shall see these presents., greeting: Know yc, that reposing special trust and confidence in the integrit}- and abilities of Robert Lucas, of Ohio, I have nominated and by and with the advice and consent of the senate, do appoint him governor of the territory of Iowa, and do authorize and empower him to execute and fulfill the duties of that office according to law, and to have and to hold the said office with all the powers, privileges and emoluments thereunto of right appertaining unto him the said Robert Lucas, for the term of three years from the day of the date hereof, unless the president of the United States for the time being should be pleased sooner to revoke and determine this commission. ' — - ) In testimony whereof, I have caused these letters to be SEAL. \ made patent, and the seal of the United States to be hereto — ^r— ) aflixed. Given under my hand at the City of Washington, the seventh day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand, eight hundred and thirty-eight, and of the independence of the United States of America the sixty-third. By the President, M. Van Buren. John Forsyth, Secretai'y of State. The State of Ohio: Personally appeared before me the undersigned, one of the justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, Robert Lucas, who was duly sworn to support the constitution of the United States, and that he will faithfully, to the best of his abilities, discharge the duties of governor of the territory of Iowa. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 20th of July, 1838. John McLean. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 453 Gov. Lucas' first official act, as executive of Iowa, was to issue a pro- clamation, dated August 13, 1838, dividing the territory into eight repre- sentative districts, apportioning the members of the council and house of representatives among the nineteen counties then composing the territory, and appointing the second Monday in September ensuing, for the election of members of the legislative assembly and a delegate to congress. His first message to the legislative assembly, after its organization, was dated November 12, 1838. Gov. Lucas announced in his message of November 5, 1839, to the legislative assembly, that the territory of Iowa had advanced since its organization in improvement, wealth and population (which latter was estimated at fifty thousand) without a parallel in history, and recom- mended the necessary legislation preparatory to the formation of a state government. The governor's recommendation was followed by the legis- lature, but the proposition to form a state government for Iowa was over- ruled by the people, and only consummated in 181:6. Among the latest of Governor Lucas' official acts in his capacity of executive, was a proclamation, dated the 30th of April, 1841, calling the legislature to assemble, for the first time, at Iowa City, the new capital, on the first Monday of December succeeding, in accordance with a legis- lative act passed at the previous session. The democratic administration of Van Buren having given place to the whig government of Harrison, on the 25th of March, 1851, John Cham- bers was appointed territorial governor of Iowa to succeed Governor Lucas, whose term would have at any rate come to a close by limitation on the Irth of July succeeding. After retiring from the office of governor of Iowa, Governor Lucas removed to the land, adjoining Iowa City on the southeast, which he had purchased from the government when it was first brought into market, where he spent the most of his remaining days in the management of his farm, the care of his family, and the education of his children. From these grateful employments he was to some extent withdrawn for a time by the people of Johnson and Iowa counties, who elected him as one of their members of the first state constitutional convention; Hon. S. H. McCrory and Hon. Henry Felkner, being his colleagues from this district. He was also a member of the first board of trustees of the State University. From early youth. Governor Lucas had been a member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, and devoted much time to the composition of hymns and verses of a religious character, many of which are by no means destitute of true poetical merit. He predicted, on account of slavery, the civil war, which since his death has steeped the land in blood. He was warmly attached to the political party whose principles he had espoused in youth; yet he did not hesitate to sever his connection with it when he considered its course reprehensible, 29 454 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. as he did when he withdrew his support from the presidential nominee of his party (Franklin Pierce) in 1852. In person, Governor Lucas was tall, being six feet in stature, active and wiry. His complexion presented that combination of colors rarely blended — black hair, a fair skin, and blue eyes. His aquiline nose was long and thin. Though stern in camp and council, in private life he was exceedingly gentle, pleasant and kind, the companion of children and the friend of boys, though his daughters contend that he loved his girls the best, while all agree that he was the best of play-fellows. It is therefore unnecessary to add that he was an indulgent father as well as an affec- tionate husband. All men who knew him, even those who differed from him on questions of public polity, accord to him native ability of a high order, incorruptible honesty of purpose, and unswerving patriotism. Governor Lucas abstained from alcohol in all its forms, from hard cider to modern whisky, and was a member of the first temperance society organized in the United States. Though not rich in humor or wit, he was an exceedingly eloquent and popular stump speaker. Leaving the field of anecdote and pleasantry to others, he dealt in sledge-hammer facts and arguments, presented in a fluent and earnest manner, which carried the crowd. His death was not the result of disease, but from exhaustation and the weight ot years. His physicians, Drs. M. J. Morsman and Henry Mur- ray of Iowa City, were assiduous in their attentions to him, but without avail. On the 7th of February, 1853, full of years and honors, gray-haired and venerable, in the presence of all the members of his family save one, without regrets, struggles, or objections, he quietly passed earth's bound- ary fine, to the confines of immortality. His death occurred just as the Sabbath night had worn into the morn of Monday. Charles Cartwright and Col Trowbridge composed his body for the grave. His funeral took place the succeeding Tuesday, and was numerously attended — the refigious services being conducted at the Methodist church, on the corner of Dubuque and Jefterson streets, by the pastor, the Rev. Thomas E. Corkhill, and at the grave by the Masonic order, of which he was a member of high rank, under the superintendence of Hon. Ezekiel Clark and Col. S. C. Trowbridge. Gov. Lucas' tombstone is one of the historic monuments pointed out to visitors at Oakland cemetery in Iowa City, from which this historian copied the fofiowing inscription in July, ]882: ROBERT LUCAS Died Feb. 7, 1853, Aged 71 ys. 10 ms. and 6 ds. He served his country in the war of 1812, was elected twice Governor of Ohio, and was the organic Governor of Iowa territory. I am the resurection and the fife; He that befieveth in me, though he be dead, yet shafi he live. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 455 On another face of the monument is this inscription: "Friendly A., Wife of Robert Lucas, and dauj^hter of Capt. E. C. Sumner. Born in Vermont, May 25, r796. Died Dec. 18, 1873; aged 78." Mrs. Lucas was a relative of the distinguished senator and statesman Charles Sumner, of Massachusetts. JOHN GILBERT, is supposed to have been the first white man who ever set foot upon the soil of Johnson county, and his name is identified with many historic inci- dents of the first settlement, from the arrival of Eli Myers and Philip Clark, in 1836, till Gilbert's death in March, 1839. [See article headed "Early Trading Houses;" also, diagram on page 207.] The following sketch of Gilbert's life is from the recollections of Col. S. C. Trowbridge: "John Gilbert — the trader among this tribe [Musquaka Indians] at this time — I knew well; made his acquaintance soon after my arrival, in 1837; became intimate with him, and to a great extent, shared his confidence. His real name was John W. Prentice, a cousin of George D. Prentice, of the Louisville Joiirnal. He was a remarkable man for the position he occupied. A fine scholar and an excellent business man; far above the average of men in scholarly acquirements and business capacity. Was a native of the State of New York. Lost heavily in canal contracts. That, together with a train of other serious troubles, induced him to abandon his home at Lockport, N. Y., and make a change of name and business. He entered the service of the Green Bay Trading Company at some point in Michigan (then a territory). Learned the Indian language; secured the confidence of the company by his capacity, faithfulness and integrity; was sent to various points among the Indians to establish branch posts; in that capacity came among the Foxes on the Iowa. Died in March, 1839. A few years afterwards his remains were disinterred from their first rest- ing place near his old trading house, by a few of his old friends, among whom were Eli Myers, S. H. McCrory, Philip Clark, Henry Felkner, A. D. Stephens and others, and transferred to the village grave-yard. It was our intention then, and for a long time afterwards, to erect a suitable monument at his grave; but it was neglected from year to year, and was never done. Finally, some miscreant, for some purpose, perhaps for fire- wood, removed the wooden slabs from his grave; and then, among the rapidly multiplying graves of the city cemetery, his was lost. No one can now tell the exact spot where rests the ashes of the first white man that trod the soil of Johnson county." Capt. F. M. Irish, in his reminiscences, wrote thus about the subject of this sketch: "It is due to the memory of Mr. John Gilbert to say that the universal testi- mony of those who knew him, attributes all the noble traits that make a 456 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. man. Of fine business qualifications, kind and hospitable, possessing a consummate knowledge of the Indian character and language, he rendered important service to the early settlers, and for the kindness of this gentle- man and that of Mr. Wheaton Chase, they acknowledge themselves deeply indebted." REMINISCENCES OF JOSEPH T. FALES. Mr. Fales was for many years a resident of Iowa City, and well known to the early settlers. He was the first State Auditor of Iowa. In the autograph roll of members of the old Iowa City "Far West" Sons of Temperance organization, his name appears plain and distinct. A writer in the State Journal, of Des Moines, in February, 1875, gives some reminiscences of early Iowa history, in which Mr. Fales is incidentally mentioned — thus : In 1835, what is now called Wisconsin, then sometimes spelled Ouiskon- san and later Wiskonsin — Minnesota, Iowa, and all the territory- west thereof to the Pacific Ocean, was called Wisconsin territory. Belmont, not very far northeast of Dubuque, was the first capital. That point had been selected by the governor, but at this session Burlington went into the moving business, and succeeded in having the capital removed to Bur- lington. At the first session in Burlington, friend Fales was chosen door- keeper of the house. In July, 1838, all west of the Mississippi and north of the Missouri, was organized as Iowa territory, and the first legislature of Iowa was held in November. Mr. Fales was chosen chief clerk of the house, which contained twenty-five members, the council (now senate) thirteen. He was re-elected in 1839-10-41-12-1:3-14, thus holding the office longer than any Other person. Mr. F. was a democrat, and when- ever he was elected clerk of the house, B. P. Wallace, a whig, was chosen secretary of the council (senate). One time they went to Iowa City and found the politics of the two houses reversed. Now do you suppose that these faithful clerks "flopped over?" Not a bit of it. Their services however were indispensible; so the democratic council elected Fales as its secretary, and the whig house chose the whig Wallace as its clerk. No dead lock about that. PETER H. PATTERSON was born in 1795, in Pendleton county, Virginia. His father was Scotch- Irish, and his mother German. When he was quite a lad his parents removed to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where he grew up to manhood, and was here married to Miss Elizabeth Bausman. Immediately after mar- riage they started for the wild country of Indiana, where he first located in Rushville. After a short time he changed his location to Covington, Indiana, where he lived and pacticed law for many years (until 1841), when he started for Iowa, with his large family, consisting of his wife and the following children : Lorina, married to Judge James P. Carleton ; Ema- line, Antis H. Patterson, now a practicing attorney in Washington, Iowa; Lemuel B. Patterson, a practicing attorney at Iowa City; Onias A. Pat- terson, now a resident of Sioux City; Hester Patterson, now Mrs. Carrol, of this county; Eliza E. Patterson, and W. W. Patterson. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 457 On his first arrival in Iowa City, he lor a short time was a law partner •of his son-in-law, the late Judge James P. Carleton, but afterwards was engaged in farming adjoining to Iowa City. In 1850 the California excitement induced him to go, with many others, to explore the golden shores of the Pacific, with the intention of removing his family as soon as he could make a proper selection of a place to settle. He landed in Sacramento, California, where he suddenly died of cholera, on October 27, 1850. He was a self-made man, without the advantages of early education; a strong mind, full of determination, energy, and pluck; of unbounded generosit}^; a zealous friend of every public enterprise. The causes of religion, temperance, and education found in him a man ever ready to champion and defend their interests. To him must be awarded the first conception of the location of the Iowa State University at Iowa City. On the 18th day of February, 181:7, the legislature, then sitting in Iowa City, passed an act to re-locate the seat of government of the state. Our citi- zens were depressed and exasperated over this action. He conceived of the idea to ask of the legislature the location of the University in Iowa City, as compensation for the removal of the capital. He immediately drafted a petition for that purpose, and started out amongst the citizens for their signatures. To his great surprise he met much opposition from our own people, some of whom were bitterly opposed to it. They were mad at the removal, but cherished the delusive hope that if they did not get the location of the University fixed here, they should be able to have the act for the re-location of the capital repealed at the next meeting of the legislature. He, however, persisted in his effort for signatures to his petition, and procured the names of 225 persons; and on the 19th day of February, 1847, he placed it in the hands of Smiley H. Bonham, the rep- resentative from Johnson county, who on the afternoon of same day, pre- sented the petition to the House of Representatives. On the 20th, Mr, Bonham introduced a bill in accordance with the prayer of the petition, and the bill finally passed both houses on February 23, 1847, thus locating the University here. i_ Mr. Patterson was in religion a devoted Methodist. His home, where- ever located, was a free inn for all the travelers of that denomination. In the latter part of his life he was a local preacher, and frequently supplied the pulpit for destitute congregations. His wife, who survived him many years, was loved and respected by all the old settlers with whom she came in contact. A woman of retiring dis- position, and possessing in a rare degree all the qualities of a loving mother and steadfast christian. FREDERICK MACY IRISH, •was born in the city of Hudson, Columbia county, New York, March 13, 1801 ; died in Iowa City, February 16, 1875. 458 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Shortly after the close of the Revolutionary war, a colony left the island of Nantucket, and settled at Hudson, New York. They were all of sea- faring families for generations beyond their exodus. With this colony came Jonathan Irish with his wife, Ruth, the father and mother of Frederick Macy Irish, and of five other sons and six daughters. From Hudson they moved back into the wild wilderness, and made a pioneer home in the deep forest land, away from sea sights and the tempting sail. Here their family of twelve all grew to be men and women. But how futile the forest refuge against that long hereditary passion for the sea. First, an older son went out from the fireside, and was a sailor; years went by, and he never came back. A few leagues out from Java, homeward bound, the soft sea was his sepulcher, and there is his resting place. Upon Frederick the sea spell was strong, and before his majority he found his way back to the island of his ancestors, and realized a dream that had been the very companion of his infancy, by going on the same pathless way of his forefathers. Shipping with the famed captain Ray, on the good ship "Stonington," whose stout timbers rest now on the bottom in the Straits of Magellan, he entered the whaling service, and followed it for several years. But finally homeward he came, to find the family scattered, as in nature's order; brothers and sisters married, new homes made and new faces in them. So he too settled down: the waves wooed him no more, and having profitable engagement with the old Dry Dock Company, in service in New York harbor, where his sailing knowledge availed him, there came into his life the tender longing, out of which homes grow up and firesides come, in which men and women reach their best estate; and on December 12, 1826, he and Elizabeth Ann Robinson, of the village of Mamaroneck, West Chester county, New York, were married, and blessed with more of health and manly and womanly attractions than fall to the lot of many, they entered upon that long companionship that lasted until its fiftieth year was but a litde further on. Here a son was born and died in infancy, and a daughter came to pass away in her sweet childhood, and another son was born. Ere many years the past fever for the sea was supplanted by a passion for migration to the new country west of the mountains. Leaving wife and children under the family roof, he came to Indiana, where at the village of Terre Haute, he built the first foundry and machine shop in the Wabash valley, and entered upon the task of introducing Jethro Wood's new iron mold-board plow upon the prairies; for our grandfathers turned the glebe with a wooden mold-board. When the home was ready the family journeyed to it by slow canal boat and mountain stage. Here he prosecuted a large business, going with steamboats and flat- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 459 boats through the network of rivers, for the coal of Pennsylvania, and the iron of Tennessee; but here, after the expense of vast energies, came busi- ness disasters; and the young pioneer lost all that he had so stoutly built, and found a shelterless family in his arms and no hope of fortune again, only in the wilderness. Farewell to the grave of the little girl, who had died meantime, — and with the family, which now consisted of Charles and Gilbert, the former born in New York city, and the latter in Terre Haute, sent with their mother to a temporary home, he invested all he had in a horse, and mount- ing it, followed the sun. Iowa was then much talked of a? the rising new frontier of civilization, and here he came in 1838— stopping first at Burlington. Congressional action was then had, or pending, whereby the capital was to be set back nearer to the Indian hne, and soon Iowa City had a place on the map and was the capital. Here he came, and with sturdy Walter Butler, Henry Felkner, McCrory, Philip Clark, and the long list of pioneers, made ready for the seat of government, which came to the town in 1840, and rested here until 1857. Here then, after the suns of every latitude had bronzed his face, and many trials had come to him, he came to stay. In life's very prime he entered in earnest upon the making ot a home. A fortunate entry of land from the government, in the course of years brought him affluence Here his three youngest children, Thomas Myrick, John Powell and Ruth Elizabeth, were born. The last twenty years of his life were passed in total blindness, a sud- den attack of neuralgia having destroyed his vision. But let it be writ- ten that the sorest trials of his life came through loyal adherence to the bruised fortunes of his friends, from whom no service in his power was ever withheld. Largely self-cultured, he had a wide acquaintance with literature. But a few years before his death, assisted by his daughter, as amanuensis, he prepared for the ''Annals of lowa^'' a history of Johnson county— a well written and entertaining sketch. The manner of his death, while intensely distressing, was as near a real- ization of his often expressed wish as was possible. He kept a careful boy to drive a trusty horse, and so was accustomed to ride at pleasure from his home to the city. At one o'clock on Tuesday, February 16, 1875, while coming as usual down Dubuque street, through the cluster of teams at the wood and hay market, his sleigh ran athwart a team which was moving west. As soon as they saw each other both drivers checked up, but too late to save a fatal collision. He was immediately brought to the private room of the Press office, where, despite the earnest profes- sional efforts of Dr. Graham and Profs. Peck, Shrader and Clapp, he died in two hours. There was no complete reaction from the shock, and the 460 HISTORV OF JOHNSON COUNTY. apparent suffering was so inconsiderable as to go no farther than the vague uneasiness which is the usual accompaniment of such complete paralysis. Obsequies were conducted at the residence, on Rose Hill, by Rev. Mr. Judd, rector of Trinity Church. So closed a long and active life. DR. WILLIAM VOGT. It is wonderful how thoroughly this gentleman of foreign birth and education won the affectionate esteem of the people where he chose his American home. From the Iowa City Daily Press of August 25, 1873, we quote upon the occasion of his funeral: For twenty-seven years Dr. Vogt has been of this people. Pioneer with them in the early ddys, a generation born since he came, had learned each gentle, manly way that recommended him to the generation of which he was, and with which he has gone the silent journey. A native of the city of Dusseldorf, the capital of Rhenish Prussia, the oldest of a famil}^ of four sisters and two brothers, his childhood, youth and young manhood were passed amid the ministrations of art and cul- ture which cluster around the old city, and he grew into that sound schol- arship and classic mould of mind, which marked him the wise counselor through life, in the classes of the best of those great institutions which have projected German thought and German influence to the remotest outpost of civilization. His duties to the State discharged, the home, where he had filled the full station of first born, being now sheltered by the younger hands that had been deftly trained in his dutiful example, he came to America in 1846, a stout-hearted man of twenty-eight years, to follow that destiny which led him to first rank in his profession, in the confidence of the worthy and in the love of all. Reaching New Orleans he penetrated the continent by the only high- way, in search of newer land and larger opportunities than were offered by an effete population, and so came to us; came so long ago that with most of us who have seen his eye grow dim with the shadow of the valley, his coming lies away upon the horizon of memory, and his death is the fall of an autochthon. Here a loving family grew around him, reflecting in their lives the great- ness and goodness of his soul, in their tastes the excellent proprieties which were the habit of his life, and here clustered closely around him the relations which outlast the life that was their source and are a monu- ment to his memory more beautifiil than design can fashion. His professional labors were intense; worn by them he sought rest six years ago by a European tour. Appointed a commissioner for Iowa to the World's Exposition at Paris, he crossed the sea, accompanied by his eldest son, Charles, and spent nearly a year abroad. Visiting the old home and native land, he penetrated the Orient, saw Italy and Greece with the loving vision of a scholar and artist, and returned, renewed and strengthened for his labor. That labor was almost utterly without rest. Intensely sympathetic, no call was unanswered, save where delay was born of their very multiplicity. Amongst the students of the State Uni- versity, he was always the favorite physician, and many a young man and woman has gone back to study, clad not onl}^ in restored health, but HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 461 Stored with his rich thoughts and sage suggestions. A gentleman long connected with the University, in wliose family for twelve years the doctor had practiced, sends us a note to say, that it was his unvaried custom when treating a student to enquire of the faculty as to the pecuniary con- dition of the patient, and if told that it would not warrant a fee, that the student was perhaps laboring as a teacher or manually, for means to finish the curriculum, in his jieculiar way he would say, " All right, all right," often saying, " I am glad to see young people striving for an education, and am glad of an opportunity to help them;" and our informant. Prof. Parvin, adds, " such unnumbered kind acts, while remembered by their recipients, should be now mentioned to the credit of a noble soul, passed to its reward." Dr. Vogt was an active promoter of the interests of the medical department of the University, and was always a wise counselor in its behalf. His connection with public aflairs was limited by an always absorbing interest in his profession, but when duties were imposed upon him he dis- charged them with all fidelity. Many times and for many years he served on the public school board of the city, ahvays to the benefit and advance- ment of education. When called to the public advocacy of a policy or principle, he brought to it the rarest felicity of expression and most effec- tive eloquence. On Sunday, August 24th, from far and near came the mourners to pay the last dues of affection. The obsequies were held in St. Patrick's Church, Rev. Father Rice officiating. After the usual and impressive service of the Catholic Church, the Rev. Father delivered an eloquent address from the text, "It is appointed unto man once to die." The funeral cortege was formed on Dubuque street. The pall was borne by Hon. Peter A. Dey, P. P. Freeman, Alden Fletcher, A. J. Rider, F. H. Luse, Michael Mclnerny, R. B. Saunders, and Wm. Crum. The hearse was followed by the doctor's team attached to the empty vehicle, draped, and led by Messrs. Kimball and Shafer, students of the University Medical Department; the family carriages were followed in order by the members of the medical profession of the city, and b}'^ Dr. W. F. Peck, of Davenport, Dean of the University Medical Faculty, and Professors Shra- der and Clapp, members of the Faculty, and Mr. R. W. Pryce, its Ana- tomical Demonstrator. On the right was the German Benevolent Society, in column, with banners furled and draped. Thousands of people were there and Cemetery Hill was occupied by a dense assembly. As the cor- tege moved on through the streets the sick people who were the objects of his care, could be seen supported at their windows, adding their tears to the libation in his memory. RUSH CLARK, of Iowa City, was born at Schellsburg, Bedford county, Pennsylvania, October 1, 18.34; received a common school education at his birth-place, attended the academy at Ligonier, Pennsylvania, and was a student at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, graduating there in 1858; studied law, was admitted to the bar at Iowa City in the fall of 1853, and commenced practice there; was a member of the general assembly of Iowa, lS60-'64, serving the last two years as Speaker of the House; was on the staff" of 462 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. the Governor of Iowa in 1861 and '62, aiding in the organization of volun- teers from Iowa; was a member of the board of trustees of the Iowa State University 1862-'66; was re-elected to the general assembly of 1876; and was elected to the forty-fifth congress as a republican, receiving 19,274 votes against 11,154 votes for N. Worley, democrat, and 1,200 for G. W. Rutherford, greenbacker. He was re-elected in 1878, the following being the vote in the district: for Clark, republican, 14,205; Carter, democrat, 12,011; Brown, greenbacker, 697. [It is proper here to explain that Rush Clark was not related to Ezekiel Clarke, as many have supposed, (they spelled their names differently), and hence he was not a relative of Gov. Kirkwood, although very highly esteemed by him.] — Historian. Mr. Clark died at Washington City, very suddenl3^ One of his eulo- gists remarked, "The going down of the sun on the evening of the 27th of April, 1879, found him busy with the cares and activities of this life. The setting of the sun on the evening of the next da}'^ found him a dweller in the spirit land." Memorial addresses were delivered in Congress, by Congressmen Price, of Iowa; Coflrath, of Pennsylvania; Sapp, of Iowa; Manning, of Mississippi; Neal, of Ohio; Thompson, of Iowa; Bennett, of Dakota; Carpenter, of Iowa; Henderson, of Illinois; and Senators Allison and Kirkwood, of Iowa; Hereford, of West Virginia, and Piatt, of Connecti- cut. A joint committee, of seven Representatives and three Senators was appointed to take charge of the funeral and accompany the remains for the burial at his home, Iowa City. This committee consisted of Rep- resentatives Hiram Price, of Iowa; John H. Reagan, of Texas; Wm. H. Hatch, of Missouri; Henry S. Neal, of Ohio; Thos. J. Henderson, of Illi- nois: Mark H. Dunnell, of Minnesota, and Philip Cook, of Georgia; and Senators Kirkwood, Piatt and Hereford. Nine thousand copies were ordered printed of the memorial proceedings and eulogies in Congress. Mr. Coffrath represented the district in Pennsylvania where Rush Clark was born, and knew the family when Rush was a boy. In his remarks Mr. Coffrath said: His father, John Clark, was of Scotch-Irish family, and was born in Cumberland counl}^, Pennsylvania. His mother was born near the line between the States of Pennsylvania and Mar3'land, opposite Hancock. His parents were among the early settlers of the lovely valle}'^ in which Rush was born, and they were universally respected and beloved far and near by all who knew them, for their hospitality and upright Christian walk. Rush Clark was the sixth son of John and Mary Clark. His deep and fervent love for his father and mother made him linger long around the threshold of his childhood's home. * '" * * * * A relative, who loved him and knew him well, writes me, " If I were called upon to pass a eulogium ever so brief, it would be that Rush Clark loved his mother^ and lived for the good he might do to others.'''^ What more need be said in praise of our deceased brother? He will live in the memory of all those who knew him. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 463 Congressman Manning, of Mississippi, in the course of his eloquent and touching address, said: Those who knew him upon this floor knew how faithfully and promptly he responded to every duty that devolved upon him, and it is not strange that his generous impulses, strong mental faculties, pure private and pub- lic character, and love of country's honor and welfare, secured for him a warm place in the hearts of his constituency, whose interests he ever guarded and protected with so much zeal and efficiency. An exalted public spirit ever animated his breast; and every movement, whether originated in the legislative halls, or elsewhere, which in his judgment tended to the benefit of the country in large or small degree, and might bring peace and fraternal relations to the whole people, received his utmost aid. Now that his life is finished testimony is cheerfully borne by all who knew him, without regard to party affiliations, that he left to his family, friends and country a name without a stain. CHAPTER VII.— PART 3. SLAVERY DAYS IN IOWA CITY. A Negro Boy Sold— Two Black Girls Kidnapped— Old John Brown's Night Escape from an Iowa City Mob. A SLAVE SALE IN IOWA CITY. In 1841 President Harrison appointed O. H. W. Stull to be secretary of the territory of Iowa, John Chambers being the governor who had suc- ceeded Gov. Lucas. Gov. Chambers was an ex-congressman of Ken- tucky, and had his negro waiter with him here at the Iowa capital. Sec- retary Stull wanted to be "in style," and have a body servant, as well as the governor. There was a man named Chaney who owned a saw-mill near the mouth of Dirty Face creek in Penn township, opposite Butler's landing, or the place now known as the boat house. This Mr. Chaney was originally from Virginia, and had a mulatto boy living with him, and this boy he sold to Secretary Stull for $250. This sale of a mulatto youth into slavery was transacted in Chauncey Swan's hotel, which then stood just north of the University grounds, on the northeast corner of Capital and Jefferson streets. Our informant was there at the time and saw the sale made and the boy delivered to his new master. When President Tyler came into office Stull was removed from the secretaryship and went to Burlington, taking his Iowa slave boy along; and there he gave him or sold him to his son-in-law named Cassell, who took the boy to Alleghany county, Maryland, and there kept him as a slave. TWO NEGRO GIRLS TAKEN FROM IOWA CITY AND SOLD INTO SLAVERY. In 1859-60 a man named John L. Curtis, who had a farm in Fremont township, was then living in Iowa City. He came here from Tennessee, 464 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. but claimed to be a native of New England. Two negro girls formed part of his family, and early in February, 1860, he took them in a carriage and started oft' south, with the intention, as was generally believed, of selling them into slavery to raise a little money for his immediate necessities. He was followed by constable A. T. Mcllvaine, who overtook him at Fair- field in Jefferson count}^, and arrested him on a charge of kidnaping, and he, with the black girls, was brought back to Iowa City. Rather than stand trial on the charges, which were decidedly " bad medicine " here about that time, he agreed to give the children his formal and legal adop- tion. The following official document explains the case further: M. y. Morsman^ Mayor of Iowa City^ to J> L. and Nancy R . Curtis. — Deed of Adoption. This indenture witnesseth: That I, M. J. Morsman, Mayor of Iowa City, State of Iowa, for and in consideration of the covenants hereinafter mentioned, and the love, regard and affection entertained by one John L. Curtis, Nancy R. Curtis of Iowa City aforesaid, for two minor children, named respectively, Mary Old, aged thirteen years, whose parents are not living, and Versa Old, aged ten years, whose father is dead and whose mother is living, but has abandoned said Versa Old; which said children are now residing in Iowa City, State of Iowa, aforesaid, and who have no survivors or relatives in said State of Iowa, doth by these presents con- sent, covenant and agree, to and with the said John L. Curtis and Nancy R, Curtis aforesaid, that the said John L, Curtis and Nancy R Curtis shall adopt as their own, and take into their family the said minor children aforesaid, with the exclusive custody and charge thereof, hereby conferring upon said children all the rights, privileges and respon- sibilities that would pertain to said children if born to the said John L. Curtis and Nancy R. Curtis in lawful wedlock; also conferring and allot- ing to said John L. Curtis and Nancy R. Curtis all the rights, duties, powers, control and relation towards and over said children hereby adopted, as the parent by law and nature has over his or her lawful child. The names of said children are hereafter to be Mary Curtis and Versa Curtis, respectively. That such children are hereby given to and are adopted by said John L. Curtis and Nancy R. Curtis, for the purpose of adoption as their own children, and to be by them controlled, educated and cared for as children to them born in lawful wedlock. All indentures, bonds or instruments in writing heretofore executed to the contrary, not- withstanding. In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands and seals this 13th day of February, 1860. — .-^^--^ — \ M. J. Morsman, [seal.] CITY SEAL. V Mayor of Iowa City . --V-— — ) J. L- Curtis, [seal.] N. R. Curtis, [seal.] In a few months after this " adoption " dodge, Curtis again took the girls oft' south, being accompanied this time by David Lopp, of Fremont township, and sold them in Memphis, Tennessee — one for $500 and the other for $800. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 465 OLD JOHN BROWN IN IOWA CITY. The events which culminated in the death of the abolitionist, John Brown, at Charlestown, Va., on December 2, 1859, constitute a part of American history scarcely surpassed in interest either by preceding or subsequent events. They were, in fact, the commencement of that ter- rible period which ended with the battle at Appomattox Court House, and the surrender of Gen. Lee; a period which witnessed the most stu- pendous of all civil wars, but which resulted in the shackles being removed from 4,000,000 slaves. And "John Brown's body lies moulderinir in the grave, But his soul goes marching on." A full sketch of John Brown's life and historic movements does not properly come within the purposes of this volume, but only such parts of it as have a local association with Iowa City and vicinity, or with public men personally well known here. In 1866, while Dr. Frederick Lloyd was editor of the "Annals of Iowa," he published some articles on John Brown's operations and connections within this State, which are in most of their details reliable history. And from these "Annals" we quote a few paragraphs that are local to John- son county, and a few miles* over the line in Cedar county: It was about the close of the Presidential campaign in 1856, that Brown first visited Iowa City and the Pedee settlement.* He was then on his way east from Kansas, and was accompanied by one of his sons. The Hon. W. Penn Clarke was the member of the Kansas national committee for Iowa, and his residence being at Iowa City, made this town the chief headquarters west of the Mississippi for those who sympathized with the free state men of Kansas. Brown was thus brought in contact with Col. Clarke, Dr. Jesse Bowen, and other residents of Iowa City, who were in active sympathy with the free state pioneers of Kansas. On his journeys through Iowa, Brown was generally accompanied by fugitive slaves from Missouri, whom he and his armed band escorted through our State to a haven of freedom beyond Michigan. On such occasions Brown could always count on finding at the residence of Hon. John B. Grinnell, in Grinnell, Poweshiek county, not only rest, food and shelter for himself and his party, white and black, but money and words of cheer besides. After leaving Grinnell, his next ark of safety was the Pedee settlement, where he would quarter his men — passing through Iowa City in the night time to avoid molestation, and then retrace his steps to the State capital, which Iowa City had not ceased to be yet, to consult with Clarke and other friends of the free state movement in Kansas. On such occasions Brown generally required the benefit of a clear head and a cool hundred, both of which he never failed to find at the office of Clarke, who often made up any deficiencies there might be in funds, or contributed the whole amount himself. But there were many others who gave of their means for this purpose, and even Democrats, while denounc- ing abolitionists, were contributing their funds toward the escape of fugi- tive slaves. *Pedee and Spring Dale and West Branch were Quaker settlements a few miles east of Iowa City, and over the line in Cedar county. 466 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. It was then, as indicated above, in the autumn of 1856, that John Brown first visited the Pedee settlement of Cedar county. As he alighted from his mule (one he had captured at the battle of Black Jack, on the borders of Kansas and Missouri), in front of the "Traveler's Rest," which was the name of the little frame tavern kept by Mr. James Townsend, m West Branch, the old man asked the landlord if he had ever heard of John Brown, of Kansas notoriety— a simple introduction, from which sprung an inti- macy the closest and most confiding. The Quaker landlord thereupon proceeded to chalk John Brown's hat and mule, and both John and beast were ever after on the free list at the "Traveler's Rest," and it would have been difficult to say who was the better entertained, the guest disposing of the buckwheat cakes and sorghum of the jolly red-faced Quaker, or the host devouring the thrilling incidents of the Kansas war, as related by Brown. Brown was in Iowa City and the Pedee settlement several times between his first visit in 1856 and his last in 1859, but as the objects and incidents of these visits were similar, we omit a particular description of each, and shall confine ourselves to a somewhat minute detail of his pro- ceedings and associations on the last two occasions he was in Iowa. Generally these visits to Pedee had a two-fold object — the promotion of the Kansas free state cause and the concealment of negroes, but his last sojourns were made chiefly with a view of perfecting his plans, accumu- lating arms, drilling, disciplining and recruiting his band, and taking meas- ures for making Pedee a sort of base of operations for the raid against Harper's Ferry. In the beginning of the winter of 1857-8, Brown for the fifth time vis- ited the Quaker settlement of Cedar county, determined, as now appears, to spend the winter there in preparation for his Harper's Ferry raid, the plan of which he now disclosed to some of his confidants at Pedee — Jas. Townsend, John H. Painter and Dr. H. C. Gill. On this occasion he was accompanied by his band, consisting of his son Owen, Aaron D. Stevens, John Kagi, John E. Cook, Richard Realf, Charles W. Moflit, Luke J. Parsons, Charles H. Tidd, William Leeman and Richard Richardson, the latter a colored'man, who, with his wife and three children, had made his escape from slaver}^ in Missouri . Besides those named above, who accompanied Brown from Kansas to Cedar county, he had accessions to his cor oany in the persons of some young men resident in Pedee settlement. \.mong these were George B. Gill, the two Coppic brothers, and Stewart Taylor. Mr. Gill, who held a high position in Brown's confidence, having been secretary of his provis- ional government, was detached from the party in Canada, previous to the Harper Ferry affair, after which he returned home and married; since which his issues have been more quoted and have borne a higher pre- mium than formerly. We never heard that he had any trouble in account- ing for the contents of his portfolio. If the provisional government, of which he was a cabinet officer, ever issued bonds, they probably had the same value a like quantity of any other Brozvn paper had. Edwin Cop- pic was hung, as will be recollected, while his brother Barcla}- escaped and returned to his home in Springdale, where his mother still resides, [1866] to be the subject of a requisition by the Governor of Virginia on the Executive of Iowa, and a text for much controversy in the spitfire press. He finally fell a victim to the barbarous warfare of the Missouri bushwhackers, who partially burned the supports of a railroad bridge, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 467 and the next train attempting to pass thereover, and on which Coppic chanced to be, was precipitated many feet into the stream below, and a large number of Union soldiers, Barclay Coppic among the number, were instantly killed. Brown quartered his men during this winter at the house of Mr. Wm. Maxson, three miles northeast of Springdale. There is an additional his- toric interest attaching to this house — it being the first cement or gravel house ever built in this state. The farm on which it stands was bought by Mr. Maxson at the first government land sale held in Dubuque in 1839, and the house, which is of cottage style in architecture, 32x25 feet in the main part, was built in 1849. Here Brown's men were trained for the projected raid — assiduously drilling with wooden swords. Brown him- self had his quarters at the home of Mr. John H. Painter, about a mile distant, and the men were under the immediate command of Stevens, who was the drill-master. Considerable attention was paid to discipline. Each hour of the twenty-four had its allotted duty. The men were required to rise at five o'clock, and drill and study alternately occupied the hours of day light. On Thursday, April 22, 1858, Brown having returned from the east (whither he had gone to arrange some preliminaries) bid his men prepare for the grand movement. The parting from their friends, which took place on the 27th of April, is described as having been affecting in the extreme. Not an eye was dry except the two that belonged to the imper- turable Brown, and in the confusion Cook kissed a very handsome young school teacher. Miss Blake, probably in mistake for one of the old gran- dams of the place. It must be recollected that they left with a full expectation of striking the blow immediately, which, however, was ordered to be postponed by a convention which shortly afterwards met at Chatham, Canada West, to which point they went directly from Pedee. This con- vention also framed a constitution and elected provisional officers. Postponement having been decided upon, Brown again returned to Kansas, and on the evening of Feb. 4, 1 859, we once more find him on his way to Pedee, crossing the Missouri river at Nebraska City*, accompanied by a few of his party, together with twelve negroes — one of the latter, but a few weeks old, and born while the party were at Dr. (now [1866] Gen- eral) Blunt's. After crossing the river, they marched rapidly to Mt. Tabor (the ? at of Tabor College, in Fremont county), stopping one night on the way .• Dr. Blanchard's. After resting a week at Mt. Tabor, they pushed for Des Moines, putting up at night' successively at the houses of Mr. Tool, Mi . Mills, Mr. Murray, the latter's place being a little east of Irishtown. On Februar}^ 18 they crossed the Des Moines and entered the * At the southeasterly outskirt of Nebraska City there was still visible ia 1874, a station of the " Underground Railroad," known as "John Brown's cave." It was dug into the bank of a deep ravine, where the land for several acres aruund had been a perfect thicket ot hazel and underbrush. One chamber went straiarht in about twenty feet, and four feet wide. Ten feet back from the entrance was a cross-chamber, or two ells or wings. At the end of the north ell there was a manhole, just big enough to let a man up or down with a rope in case of necessity, or to let food down into the cave. In the John Brown days an obscure and unsuspected family lived in a small house a few yards from this cave, ami had a wood- shed over thespace where the man-hole was.while immediately over the hole they kept a large hogshead, which they used to smoke meat in for a blind, but it could be easily rolled aside when necessary. I visited that cave twice in 1874. It was then being used by a German family for a cow-stable. — H. A. Reid. 468 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. present State capital. Mr, John Teesdale, then editor of the Register'^, paid their ferriage. Teesdale and Brown had been old personal friends in Ohio, but until now Teesdale was not aware that Ossawattomie Brown and his Brown were one and the same. On Februar}^ 20 they reached Grinnell, and became the temporary guests of the present representative [1S66] of the fourth district in congress [Hon. J, B. Grinnell], who was then at home much more than on the 14th of June, when Gen. Rosseau paid his respects to him, and who delivered a discourse in the church at Grinnell to Brown and his party, besides many of the citizens of the town who were attracted by the novelty of the occasion, and contributed a gen- erous sum to help them on their way. On the 25th of February, Brown, with his party, for the last time,gained the hospitable hamlets of Pedee, having passed through Iowa City the night previous. It immediately became street talk in Iowa City that Brown, with a large party of fugitive slaves, was in the vicinity; and, as a reward of three thousand dollars had been offered by the authorities of Missouri for the arrest of the negroes, the disinterested advocates of the rigid enforce- ment of the fugitive slave law, began to discuss the propriety of collecting a mob, and marching on Pedee and capturing Brown and his party: Sam Workman, then postmaster at Iowa City, was the captain of the gang organized for this purpose, but Brown having returned a reply breathing quiet defiance to Workman's threat of capturing him, the postmaster after consulting his friend Capt. Kelly, an Irish gentleman of great eminence, that is to say, six feet and seven inches tall, deferred the undertaking. At this stage of the proceedings, Mr. Grinnell, fearing trouble, proceeded to Chicago to endeavor to secure a box car, in order that the negroes might be removed quietly. Mr. Tracy, the superintendent, refused to allow the negroes to pass over the railroad, being afraid of a prosecution under the fugitive slave law. Tracy, however, gave Grinnell his draft for fifty dollars, and this draft Grinnell handed to Brown on his return from Chicago. While this was going on the United States Marshal, Summers, was at Davenport, alleging that he had a warrant for the arrest of Brown and his party. At this juncture W. Penn Clarke, who had been absent, returned home apprehending difficulty and even the loss of life, as he knew Brown would fight rather than be taken. Shortly after Clarke's return. Brown visited Iowa City, (as he frequently did while stopping at Pedee). Hearing of Clarke's return. Brown sent to request Clarke to visit him at Dr. Bowen's where he was to stay overnight. Here Clarke learned of the effort Grinnell had made, and of its failure. After some discussion, Clarke undertook to obtain a close box car in which to run the negroes through to Chicago. Accordingly, Clarke set out by the early train next morning, and Brown was to be ready next day with his entire party, at West Liberty, a station on the railroad fifteen miles east of Iowa City, and ten miles south of Springdale. It was finally agreed that Clarke should send some one to pilot Brown out of the cit}-, and that the latter should leave in the night, and avoid the main road till he got some distance from town. Accordingly, Col. Clarke, in company with Major L. A. Duncan, (now editor of the Niles, Michigan, Times, [1800] then of the lozva City Republican) knocked at the door of Col. S. C. Trowbridge, who had been selected for this delicate duty. It being by this time midnight, the Colonel *Mr. Teesdale had before this beeu editor of the loioa (Jity Republican. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 469 was well into his first slumber, but immediately awoke, and hastily put himself into such light maixhing order as to go to the door. He readily promised to perform the duty assigned him, merely stipulating that he should do it in his own way. Therefore Trowbridge, by three o'clock, was at Dr. Bowen's where Brown and Kagi slept. One of Sam. Work- man's men was keeping watch over Bowen's horse in Bowen's stable. The early movements of Brown were not contemplated in Workman's strategy, which undoubtedly was to take Brown in town that morning, and then make an easy conquest of his party, deprived of its head, at Pedee. Be that as it may, Brown and Trowbridge, each on his proper horse, and Kagi on foot, were soon floundering in the darkness and mud of the ' upper Muscatine road,' bound for Pedee, among whose quiet cot- tages Trowbridge parted for all time from the adventurers, in the morn- ing gray. [See more of this matter under head of "John Brown's Night Escape from Iowa City."] The most difficult part of the plan was to procure the car from the rail- road company, but this difficulty soon melted before the commendable finesse of Clarke, who called on the Hon. Hiram Price, then secretary of the railroad company, to whom he confided his business. Price had no control over the cars, but gave Clarke a note of introduction to Mr. Moak, the deputy superintendent. With this note from Price, and Tracy's draft, which he had got from Brown, Clarke retraced his steps to West Lib- erty, where he found Brown waiting, his party being concealed in Keith's steam mill. As the train bound east would soon be along, despatch was all important. The agent, Miller, had just gone to dinner, about a quarter of a mile ofi. Enoch Lewis, an old man, volunteered to bring him. The agent was soon at the hotels where by this time Clarke and Brown had made a junction. To obtain the car, it was necessary for Clarke to make the agent beHeve the railroad officers knew and connived at what was being done. So Clarke showed him the note from Price, introducing him to Moak, and asking him if he knew the signature. Of course he recog- nized it as the sign manual of the secretary of the road. In the same manner was exhibited the draft from Tracy, which he likewise knew to be in the handwriting of the superintendent. Clarke then asked him if he had a close box car, and the cost of running it to Chicago. He answered that he had such a car, and the price would be fifty dollars. Thereupon he was handed Tracy's check, and Clarke told him he wanted the car at once down at the mill, and that it was not his (Miller's) business to know what was going to be put into it. The car was accordingly run down the track in front of Keith's mill, and the fugitives, with the white men Brown had with him, were loaded in as freight — Stevens being at one end of the car and Kagi at the other. All of the men, both white and black, were heavily armed. Clarke, Brown and Kagi dined at the hotel together. During this repast, Clarke gave Brown ten dollars to help him on his way, and advised him to go home and take some rest, which he promised to do. When the passenger train came along, Brown got into the car with the negroes. By this time it was noised abroad what was going on, and the whole town of West Liberty was out, all being in sympathy with Brown and his fugitives. Clarke's freight car soon formed'a link in the chain of coaches. Clarke and Kagi got into the passenger car to be prepared for 30 470 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. emergencies, and with a shout of approval and sympathy from the people of West Liberty, ofi'the train started for Davenport. Browrn and his party arrived without molestation at Chicago, where they changed cars, taking another branch of the underground railroad for Canada, where they all arrived in due time. Tracy, the superintendent, swore some, when the negroes were unloaded at the Chicago depot. A short time after, Clarke apologized to Mr. Farnum, the president of the road, lor the harmless imposition practiced on the agent at West Liberty, so that he did not lose his place. [See under head of "John Brown's Last Day in Chicago."] Shortly before Brown's last departure from Pedee, he effected a sale of such plunder as had been necessai-ily employed in the transportation of negroes and arms from Missouri and Kansas, such as mules, wagons, stoves and cooking utensils, and tents and other camp equipage, by which he realized a considerable sum. In all business of this kind, his trusty andjudicious friend, 'Squire Painter, was invariably made available. Pain- ter "at that time was a justice of the peace, and signalized his term of office by uniting in wedlock, ' like white folks,' (including possibly the usual labial salutations,) a colored couple of Brown's party from Missouri, who sought refuge and matrimony at Pedee. It was Painter also, who, after Brown had gone, boxed up the latter's Sharp's rifles and revolvers, one hundred and ninety-six of each, marked '■carpenters' tools,'' hauled them to the railroad station at West Liberty, and from thence shipped them by rail to Brown at Harper's Ferry, directed to a fictitious cousignee, as previously agreed upon between him and Brown. In this way the arms ' carried zuell^ as they also did after they reached their destination. ' Before their final adieu to Pedee, Brown's men, who affectionately designated their commander as ' Uncle,' all inscribed their names in one of the bed-chambers of Mr. Maxson's house under the caption of '■Caftain Brozunh Little Band,'' as may be seen to this day (lS6b); for, although this 'handwriting on the wall' was simply done with a common lead pen- cil, such is the reverence in which the memory of Brown and his martyr band is held in that vicinity, where they were so well known and so greatly loved, that every memento of their sojourn at Pedee is preserved as jeal- ously as were the two tables by the Israelites. Pending the affair at Harper's Ferry, their Pedee confidants were kept well informed by one and another of Brown's party of their intended movements. Barclay Coppic, writing to Painter from "Parts Unknown, August 29, 1859," says enigmatically, 'our boss has got quite a number of hands on the job, and he talks of getting a few more, so as to shove things right through. Everything seems to be working along smoothly, and if all goes well a few days more, you will hear from us again.' To complete the above narrative by Dr. Lloyd, it is necessary to add that Brown seized the U. S. Arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, on the night of October 16, 1859. The next morning a few soldiers and citizens attacked him without success, several being killed on both sides; but in a few hours he was surrounded by 1,500 State and Federal troops, and cap- tured, John Brown and six of his men 'being still alive, while twelve of them had been killed. October 27th they were tried, and on December 2d, he and his six subordinates were hung. Then began that era of his- tory and song, when — " John Brown's body lay mouldering in the grave, But his soul went marching on." HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 471 JOHN brown's night ESCAPE FROM IOWA CITY. There some additional particulars connected with John Brown's last night in Iowa City, which now have a special local interest, although of no great historical importance. A Quaker from Pedee had accompanied Brown and Kagi into the city, one riding with him in a light mule team wagon belonging to Brown, and the other on horseback. The fact of their being here was whispered around among the democrats and plans laid to capture them, for the government had put a price on Brown's head, and the Missouri slaveholders had offered a liberal reward for the capture of their escaped negroes. The hideous, and heathenish fugitive slave law of the United States was then in full force, which made every man in the nation liable to be called upon by some U. S. marshal to serve on his -posse comitates as a slave catcher, or else suffer dire penalties for neglecting or refusing to do so. We were in fact by law a nation of nigger catchers — and that is why there was so much secret sympathy and co-operation with John Brown in his open resistance and defiance of that satanic law. At that time James Baumer kept a restaurant and ice-cream parlor in the rooms now [1882] occupied by_Mrs. Jane Taylor's millinery store, sec- ond door south of the St. James hotel, and during the evening Brown and Kagi went m there to get some ice-cream and refreshments, but Baumer didn't know who they were. While they were in the back room, or "ladies' parlor," as Baumer called it, eating their refreshments, two men — George Boatham and a blacksmith named Rice [afterward died in the insane asylum] — came to his front door with a rope in their hands and asked him if John Brown wasn't in there. He answered, "No; I haven't seen any John Brown. Why, what do you want of him?" "Why, he's that damned nigger thief of Kansas, and we're going to hang him!" they replied, and then started off^. Baumer went back into the "ladies' parlor" and inquired, "Is your name Brown. ^" Old John answered, "Yes sir, that's my name — old John Brown of Kansas." "Well, sir, they're going to hang you; been two men here with a rope, looking for you, and I told them you wasn't here." Brown arose and opened his overcoat, display- ing a belt hung full of revolvers and bowie knives, and said, "Let them come on! I'm ready for them!" Baumer says he was the finest looking man he ever saw. He told them to go back into a little room he had to make ice-cream in, wash dishes, and the like, and he would go out and learn what he could about what was going on, and would be back in a few minutes and report to them, so they should know what to do. He was himself a republican. So he went down to the corner of Washington and Dubuque streets, where there was a street meeting in front of Metropoli- tan Hall building. This was a parturient body of pro-slaver}' sympathizers writhing in the agonies of labor with the i^re^c/^-presenting problem [and still-born at last] of how to capture John Brown and his niggers, and get the blood-money reward offered for them. As leaders among this gang 472 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. of hungry slave hounds are remembered Wm. Hockenberry, who after- ward went to the penitentiary; Wm. Sutton, who was drowned; Tom, Graham, who soon left the country, and was no kin of the respectable people of that name now living here. Graham had slyed over to Pedee the Sunday before and spied out the number of "niggers," and the situa- tion of things there, and was presenting the case to this excited mob. But they all understood that Brown and his crowd were armed to the teeth, and no one of this mob was quite ready to take the chance of drawing their first fire for the uncertain possibility of a few dollars reward. The question was, how to "get the drop on them," and capture them without risking their own skins. There was' a good deal of bullying talk and blus- ter, and empty brag; however, at a late hour, a "picked crew" was sent to watch Dr. Bowen's barn, where Brown's team was supposed to be sta- bled for the night. Meanwhile Baumer had returned and told Brown and Kagi all he had learned; and then Mrs. Baumer went with them out their back doorway and down the street far enough to show them their way in the dark to Dr. Bowen's house — the same which still stands on Iowa Av- enue, between Governor and Summit streets, and is now [1882] occupied by John Madden. The barn was then on the other side of Ralston creek from where it is now. At Dr. Bowen's house a conference was held with W. Penn Clarke and L. A. Duncan, at which matters were arranged as given in Dr. Lloyd's narrative heretofore quoted. Clarke and Duncan went to Col. Trowbridge's house (the same where he now resides) and told him of their plans, and of the part laid out for him. Their plan was for him to accompany Brown and Kagi on the road to Springdale and Pedee. Trowbridge suspected that this road might be watched, and he knew that the only possible ciiance for Brown and the negroes to get away was to outgeneral the slavehunters and avoid bloodshed, for if a -pass at arms once occurred, the whole movement would become so notorious that the chance for their getting through to Canada would not be more than one in ten thousand. Trowbridge therefore positively declined to have any- thing to do with the matter unless he was trusted to use his own judgment about route and time. This was reported back to Brown, and he must decide. He knew very little about our Iowa City Trowbridge, but was well acquainted with a brother of his in Kansas, who was true as steel, and he readily consented that Col. Trowbridge should take entire charge of the movement. Accordingly, at three o'clock Trowbridge gave the agreed signal at Dr. Bowen's night door on the east side of the house, and was admitted. Brown and Kagi slept in the west front room, and were soon up, and a consultation was held in the parlor. Dr. Bowen's barn then stood on the other side of Ralston creek from the house, and in it was Brown's mule team that had been driven in by the Quaker, and also his saddle horse. Trowbridge was satisfied that there were spies HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 473 around, but they were most likely watching for " that Quaker and mule team " that brought Brown into the city. Kagi went over to the barn on a fool-plank bridge to get the saddle horse, but before reaching the barn he discovered men watching him; he was sure he saw three, but thought there were at least five of them, and he then came back to the house for consultation. It was now arranged that he should go right into the barn and get the saddle horse, while Trowbridge and Brown stood in the dark shade of the trees near the house, with guns ready to fire in case Kagi was attacked. This was a little after three o'clock in the morning. They were completely hidden from view, while the gray skylight made every- thing dimly visible to them on the open ground where the barn stood. Kagi now went directly into the barn, brought out the horse and led it across the creek, meanwhile keeping a revolver in one hand ready to fire instantly if assailed, or any attempt was m:ide to arrest him. He saw three or four men again watching him, but they kept at a respectful dis- tance. The "mule team" was still in the barn, and they were happy; they'd nab the old Quaker and John Brown in the morning. While the man-stealer spies were thus fondly dreaming of bagging their game in the morning, Trowbridge and Brown on horseback, and Kagi on foot, were making good time toward Pedee. Trowbridge suspected that there might be spies also along on the main road, so he bore off southward and then turning northwest, crossed the main road that passed through timber land for several miles east of the city, and came out on open prairie north of the road, where they could see any moving object like men or horses at a considerable distance; and by daylight they were safely beyond any probable picket-line of spies. Trowbridge led them to a Quaker's house not far from Pedee, and there left them to their own resources, while he made his way back to Iowa City. There was then a post-office called Carthage six miles east of the city in Scott township, and a man named Gruilich was the postmaster. At this place there was a party of democrats shooting at a target, drinking liquor, and waitiuQ-for old 'John Brown to come along. Trowbridge came riding up leisurely, and inquired if any of these gentlemen had any tame hay to sell. He wanted to buy some tame hay, and didn't know but what there might be some out in that neighborhood, so he had come out to see. Well, they hadn't any tame hay, but they had plenty of liquor, and he must drink with them. So the colonel took a "nip" with them, told them confiden- tially what he had heard about John Brown being in the cit}^ over night, and reckoned the "mule team" would have to go back on that road. There did not appear to be the least suspicion that he knew any more about Brown's whereabouts than they did, so he jogged on homeward, " hunt- ing for tame hay.^'' In the timber on the road side, three miles east of the city he found another gang waiting to caj)tiire old John B7'ozvn, when he should come along with the Quaker and his mule team. Just at the east 474 HISTORY OP' JOHNSON COUNTY. edge of the citv, on what is now the Gower place, on the West Branch road, he found still another gang watching eagerly for " that mule team," and old John Brown. But all of these Iowa City " nigger hunters " were out of luck. The tempting rewards of money offered for return of escaped slaves never dropped into their regretful hands. There is now in the rooms of the State Historical Society a two-pound brass howtzer (a little cannon on wheels) which John Brown used in Kansas when fighting for the free-state cause there. This he was taking east for his Harper's Ferry project, it is supposed, but it was too cumber- some to ship when the other arms w^ere sent on as " carpenter's tools," and it was left with Dr. Bowen, who subsequentl}' presented it to the His- torical Society. JOHN brown's last DAY IN CHICAGO. Brown's last escape from Iowa City, and finally from Pedee and West Liberty are so intimately connected with men and events in Johnson county that it becomes also of local interest here to know how he got another car and passage out of Chicago and through Michigan into Canada; for President Buchanan's U. S. marshals were everywhere on the watch to catch " runaway niggers " and send them back into the chains of slavery. On August 31, 1882, there was a public reception given in Chicago to John Brown's widow, and the proceedings of that meeting throw some very interesting light on how W. Penn Clarke's good offices for Brown at Iowa City were supplemented by Allan Pinkerton' at Chicago — ^Pinker- ton, the very man whose "detective agency" is known, hated and feared by outlaws in every corner of the civilized world. The Times report of this late meeting in Chicago, says: At 8:15 Mrs. Brown, accompanied by a large number of ladies, walked out of the ante-room, and the party seated themselves upon the stage amid great cheering. Mrs. Brown's supporters were: Mrs. H. A. Parker^ Mrs. John Jones, Mrs. Lizzie E. Warren, Mrs. Chafner, Mrs. Seeley, Mrs. H. Smith, Mrs. Morse, Miss Packer, Mrs. S. Blake, Mrs. H. S. Hammond, Mrs. Mary Dye, Mrs. Keeler, Mrs. Watkins, Mrs. Mattie Hires, Mrs. Eliza J. Loomis, Mrs. Dr. Clark. Judge James B. Bradwell was called upon to take the chair, and spoke as follows: "In 1859 John Brown, by authority of God Almighty, made the first attack on slavery. He was taken at Harper's Ferry, and executed for the deed. In less than three years from that time there was not a slave in this broad land; the shackles had fallen from every slave in the republic. We are here to-night to do honor to the wife of the hero at whose touch those shackles fell." He then introduced Mrs. Brown, amid] deafening cheers. She simply bowed, and returned to her seat. This meeting seems to have been large and enthusiastic, for the Chicago Times devotes over two columns in fine type to a report of its sayings and doings. But our special Johnson county interest in it is chiefly the following account by Mr. Pinkerton, which links right on with the depar- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 475 tuie of Brown and his negroes from West Liberty, as arranged by W. Penn Clarke, and hereinbefore narrated in Dr. Lloyd's sketoh. MR . PINKERTON's STATEMENT. I was awakened about half-past four o'clock in the morning by some one knocking at my door. I was then residing on Adams street, between Fifth avenue and Franklin street, Chicago. I hurriedly got up to see who it could be out at so early an hour in the morning. I partly dressed myself and went to the door. On opening it, to my astonishment, who stood before me in the doorwa}^ but the veritable John Brown himself. I can recollect him very well, even now; very well built, rather tall, and straight as an arrow, his hair rather white. On seeing him I said: "My God, is this you?" and on looking beyond him I could see a crowd of white and colored men, women, and children standing on the street and sidewalk. The men were armed with rifles, and were as fine a body of men as it has been my good luck to see anywhere. Having expressed myself in a sur- prised tone, I avv'aited his reply, knowing that the United States govern- ment had set a reward on the head of John Brown. At last he said: "Yes, it is me." I replied: "But what is to be done with the men, women, and children with you? They must be attended to, and that quickly." I was at a loss what to do then, but all that could be done was to dis- tribute the men, women, and children among the neighbors in my vicinity, which I did, and John Brown was taken to the residence of John Jones, who lived on Dearborn street, in this city. Some of them I took into my own house. The whole thing was done in a very short time. I hurried and got breakfast, then went to John Jones' house, where I met John Brown. After some quiet talk he said he was on his way, with his party, to Canada, as he knew the United States government would arrest him if they found him, but he would endeavor not to allow them to do so. After talking with Mr. Jones, and thinking the matter over, it was decided to await the results of the meeting which was to be held in Chicago on this day for the election of circuit judge. Money must be got; accordingly, I drew up a subscription list, and waited until the meeting would begin. In the meantimt I went down to see my friend. Col. C. G. Hammond, then general superintendent of the Michigan Central railroad. He was a friend to me and also to the colored people. On meeting me he said: "How are you?" I replied: "Well; very well; but I would like to have the door shut and locked." Mr. Hammond complied with my request; then quietly, but in surprised tones, said: "Well, Pinkerton, what is the matter now?" I said: "Colonel, I have got fifty to one hundred colored people here, in the city of Chicago, with John Brown; and John Brown is here himself in the city, and is going with the party to Canada. I have to see him through to Canada, and what is to be done must be done quickly." "Well," said the colonel, after a moment's hesitation, "I must give you . a car to carry them to Canada. This I am wiUing to do; you v/ill there- fore have the men, women, and children at the depot at 4:45 this after- noon. Bring them down on the south side of the depot, and I will have a comfortable car for their accommodation. You can get them all in it; 476 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. and I will have a barrel of fresh water put in the car, but you must supply the provisions." I said: "Yes, I will try to do that," but asked him how I was ^oing to do it, as I had no funds. He lauujhed, looked at me, and said: "Well, I will take your note for the provisions, payable one day after date, by the Eternal; but you must be careful and let no one else know that they are here until they are all gone from Chicago." Thanking the colonel very much, I left him with a great load off my mind. The next thing to be attended to was the meeting. I had two gentle- men selected to collect subscriptions. I remained outside, as I was too well known as being an anti-slavery man, and I thought my absence from that meeting would be the best thing. The two geritlemen took the sub- scription list into the meeting, but they were refused any assistance, so they left the meeting verv much disheartened and reported to me. I thought a little and concluded there was but one thing to be done — that I must have the money. I was willing to pay something myself, but I was not able to stand the whole, so I said to my friends: "I 'am going into that meeting," and taking the subscription list in my hands I went in. There was a good deal of caucusing at this time, but when I entered the room there was a sort of quietness and lull fell upon the meeting. I stepped up to a sort of temporary platform and said: "Gentlemen, I have one thing to do, and that I will do in a 'ver}'- few minutes. John Brown is in this city at the present time with a number of men, women, and children. I will require aid, and substantial aid I must have. I am ready and willing to leave the meeting if I get the money; if not, I have this to say, that I will bring John Brown to this meeting, and if any United States marshal dare lay a hand upon him he must take the consequences. I am determined to do this, or will have the money." The meeting was thunderstruck and looked at me. About this time — I recollect it very well— John Wilson, who afterward became judge of one of the courts, stepped up and handed me $50; another one gave me $50, and yet another — as nice a man and as good-hearted a man as ever lived — handed me $50, and I think he gave me another $50. His name was George Manierre. I don't recollect exactly in what amounts or from whorn I received the money, but I will say in a very short time I had from $500 to $600 in my hands. Thanking the meeting for their kindness, I left feeling very much elated. Subscriptions came from various sources. Among others from L. C. P. Frier, one of the oldest "old line abolition- ists." At 4 o'clock in the afternoon I collected the men, women, and children, and, accompanied by John Brown, took them to the depot, put them in a car, and the crowd started for Detroit with a "hurrah," and reached Canada in safety. Everyone must know that John Brown meant business, and the slaves gained their "freedom" on British soil. The wife of the Mr. Jones above referred to, at whose house Brown staid, was also present in the meeting, and gave her recollections of that historic day; and from her we quote a few points: "Mr. Brown had just told me that he had a large number of slaves hid away. I knew of the rigor of the then existing fugitive slave law, and hence was ill at ease. Suppose he should be discovered? I thought, and, woman like, imagined all m mner of improbable things. Mr. Jones and HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 477 Mr. Brown were then having a whispered, earnest conversation, and this only made matters worse. Just about this time the last feather was added to my weight of solicitude. The door-bell rang. Mr. Jones and Mr. Brown retired to a private room, and I answered the call. "There stood Allan Pinkerton, the noted detective. If Mr. Pinkerton had said anything about the weather, or intimated that he hoped I was well, I should be inclined to forgive him for the fright he gave me, but he did nothing of the sort. "Is John Brown here?" he asked. "For an instant I was dumb. The story about George Washington did not impress me near so forcibly as the axiom about self-preservation. After a moment's reflection, I forced my heart down into its proper place and answered. "Yes, sir." "I invited him in with a weight of fear on my mind that words can never measure. I called Mr. Brown. He came out, the two men met, and instantly my fears were cast to the winds. Their greeting was that of friend to friend; yea, more than that, brother to brother. I was satis- fied. The three then had an earnest talk. I don't know that I ought to divulge the secrets of that meeting of twenty-five years ago. Only one thing I will repeat. I remember that Mr. Pinkerton said: "There's a democratic meeting in town to-day. I'll go right down there and make them give me enough money to send those slaves to Canada." "Now I want it to be distinctly understood that I don't know that there was a democratic convention in town that day; I don't know whether Mr. Pinkerton made it give him the money or not; but I do know that the slaves went to Canada." CHAPTER VIII.— PART 1. WAR RECORD FROM THE FIELD. Johnson's County's " Boys in Blue " — The War of the Great Rebellion. COMPLETE LIST OF ALL MEN WHO EVER SERVED IN THE UNION ARMY AND WERE CREDITED TO JOHNSON COUNTY. In preparing the following patriotic "roll of honor" for Johnson county, all the volumes of Adjutant General's Reports of Iowa, comprising six thousand four hundred and thirty-one pages in all, have been carefully and exhaustively examined, collated, searched through, in order to make the record complete and reliable. In the state history part of this volume will be found a state war record prepared by Col. A. P. Wood of Dubuque, which shows under the title head of each regiment or command, all the marches, battles, skirmishes, grand reviews, and other events of historic note, in which each body of Iowa soldiers bore a part. So that the friends and descendants of any one 478 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. of our Johnson county soldiers can always see by referrring to this record of his regiment just what battles, etc., he was engaged in. [Note. — It must be constantly borne in mind by the reader of these fol- lowing pages that in these lists both of officers and private soldiers, no names are given except of men %uho were from fohnson cotmty. Other field officers will be found in the state war record above referred to.] FIRST INFANTRY. Field and Staff .—KvL^iQVQA in May 14, 1861. WiUiam H. White, sur- geon; William W. Hughes, quartermaster sergeant, mustered in as pri- vate, promoted May 24, 1861, re-enlisted in 22d infantry, June 27,1862. Comfany B. — Mustered in May 9, 1861. Bradley Mahana, captain; Harvey Graham, first lieutenant, wounded at Wilson's Creek, subse- quently captain, major, lieutenant colonel, arid colonel, 22d infantry, taken prisoner at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863; Andrew J. Rians, second lieutenant; Lewis W. Talbott, first sergant, mustered in May 9, 1861; Charles N. Lee, sergeant, afterwards captain company A, 22d infantry, re-enlisted June 17, 1862; Zachariah Shearer, 3d sergeant, wounded at Wilson's Creek, wounded five times in the Mexican war, re-enlisted in 22d infantry as private Aug. 4, 1862, and promoted to 4th sergeant Oct. 8, 1862; John Henry Gearkee, 4th sergeant, re-enhsted in 22d infantry July 26, 1862, subsequently captain company B; James Robertson, 2d cor- poral, wounded at Wilson's Creek, re-enlisted in 22d infantry, captain company I; John W. Kinsey, 3d corporal, wounded at Wilson's Creek; Phillip Thomas, 4th corporal. Pr/z'a/^s.— Mustered in May 14, 186L Mark D. Allen, Francis B. Banks, Henry W. Ballard, William Bick, John Bick, James A. Boarts, Alexander H. Brown, wounded at Wilson's Creek, re-enlisted in 22d infantry, 2d lieutenant, company B; John Besett, John W. Boots, Josiah Corlett, Mitchell Campion, wounded at Wilson's Creek; David Cleveland, Loyd H. Dillon, wounded at Wilson's Creek; William M. DeCamp, wounded at Wilson's Creek; George W. Dennis, wounded at Wilson's Creek; Cyrus Douglass, wounded at Wilson's Creek; James E. Edging- ton, wounded at Wilson's Creek ; William Ferguson, wounded at Wilson's Creek; Oliver B. Goldsmith, James A. Gettings, Richard M. Hampton, wounded at Wilson's Creek; Chas. H. Hilton, wounded at Wilson's Creek; Nelson Holding, Thomas J. Harbert, William D. Harbert, Thomas Hoyt, William H. Hills, Thimothy Hirene, Leander M. Jackson, Jacob G. Lurwick, Richard Linn, Joseph F. Lattie, T. Wilson Lindsey, Con- stant S. Lake, Thomas Morrison, James Murry, wounded at Wilson's Creek; John T. McGuier, William E. Martin, WilHam R. Munsey, killed in battle at Wilson's Creek; Lemuel Madden, wounded at Wilson's Creek; Horace B. Pumphrey, wounded at Wilson's Creek; Alvin W. Pinney, Francis A. Parrott, Thomas Payne, John N. Reynolds, Geo. H. Shockey, Geo. W. Smith, Andrew H. Statler, David M. Simmonds, Joseph F. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 479 Schell, Aaron M. Smith, Henry W. Sailer, Timothy H, Sale, missing after battle of Wilson's Creek; John W. Sweetman, James Trusdell, Wil- liam Tyler, wounded at Wilson's Creek; John Teeter, James H. Trim- bell, wounded at Wilson's Creek; Eugene F. Trask, Charles E. Thomp- son, wounded at Wilson's Creek; James Watson, wounded at Wilson's Creek; Wilson W. Wolf, John H. Wheeler, George H. Walter, wounded at Wilson's Creek; Alonzo Walker, missing after battle of Wilson's Creek; Andrew N. Springer, went into quarters April 27, 1861, dis- charged for disability; Lorenzo D. Prather, went into quarters April 27, 1861, over number, killed at Pittsburg landing while in service. Company C. — Edward C. Burns, private; mustered in May 14, 1861. SECOND INFANTRY. Company C. — James C. Mansell, private; mustered m May 28, 1861, wounded at Corinth, and died of wounds October 5, 1862. FOURTH INFANTRY. Company £. — Esquire Williams, private; mustered in August 8, 1861, discharged. SIXTH INFANTRY. Field and Staff. — Alexander J. Miller, mustered in as first lieutenant July 18, 1861, promoted to captain May 22, 1862, major October 23, 1862, and to lieutenant-colonel March 14, 1863; severely wounded at Dallas, Georgia, May 28, 1864, resigned October 28, 1864: John Williams, major, promoted from captain company G, May 21, 1862. Company A. — Charles T. Golding, mustered in as 5th corporal, com- pany G, July 18, 1861; promoted to 2d lieutenant November 1, 1861, 1st lieutenant April 12, 1862. Company C. — Edward Finefield, private; mustered in July 17, 1861;^ transferred to company G, January 9, 1862. Com-pany D. — Mustered in July 17, 1861; Michael Combs 4th sergeant; Privates: Nicholas Kitterman, discharged October 12, 1861; Joseph McCord, transferred to the 5th Kansas November 1, 1861; William R. Stewart, discharged August 22, 1861, consumption. Company G. — Mustered in July 18, 1861. John Williams, captain, wounded at Shiloh, promoted to major; Alexender J. Miller, 1st lieutenant, promoted to captain May 22, 1862, major October 23, 1862; James J. Jor- dan, 1st sergeant, promoted 1st lieutenant. May 22, 1862, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain, mustered out October 26, 1864; Andrew T. Samp- son, mustered in June 19, 1865, from adjutant; Edward G. Fracker, mus- tered in as musician, promoted to 1st sergeant July 1, 1862, second lieu- tenant September 4, 1862, 1st lieutenant March 3, 1863, resigned November 29, 1864; Joseph M. Douglas, 2d lieutenant, resigned Septem- ber 3, 1862; Samuel J. Plymesser, mustered in as 1st corporal, afterwards 1st sergeant and 1st lieutenant, wounded slightly at Missionary Ridge; 480 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Morton M. Choate, 3d sergeant, discharged June 30, 1862; Lorenzo D. Prather, 4th sergeant, killed in battle at Shiloh; Charles W. Parshall, 5th sergeant, dishonorably discharged January 4, 1862; Chas. Nickerman, 2d corporal, captured at Shiloh, discharged January 5, 1863, for disability; Calvin H. Bane, 3d corporal, discharged December 31, 1861, disability; William Davis, mustered in as 6th corporal, promoted 3d corporal, killed at Shiloh; Charles Overfelt, 7th corporal, discharged January 17, 1862; Jonas P. Clark, 8th corporal, discharged February 9, 1863; Bradford Harmon, musician. Privates'. William Ayres, captured October 28, 1863, Horace N. Banks, discharged June 4, 1862; James Calhoun, wounded at Shiloh; Thomas Crosier, discharged December 14, 1861; Thomas A. Clark, wounded at Shiloh; Benjamin Clark; John A. Clark, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain, discharged September 20, 1864; James J. Davis, died at St. Louis; Enoch Davis, wounded August 2, 1864, near Atlanta, Georgia; Michael Ditto, died near Atlanta, Georgia, July 28, 1864, of wounds; John Ditto, promoted to corporal, captured at Shiloh, wounded at Missionary Ridge, Tennessee; Charles Dalton, discharged February 10, 1862, for mental disability; George W. Ford, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain, killed in action October 31, 1864; Eugene R. Fosberry; All- man Frazier; William Gould, discharged for disablility April 24, 1862; John A. Green; Thos. H. B. Hollar, died November 16, 1861, of fever; Austin A. Hull, died at Atlanta, Georgia, July 22, 1864; John Hileman, discharged April 24, 1862, disability; Tim- othy Holmes, Aaron Kibler, William Lininger, promoted corporal, died at Shiloh April 3, 1863, of fever; William Lambert, David Moreland, killed at Shiloh; George Madden, Alexander McClean deserted July 25, ] 861; John Printz, Benjamin Ramsey, died near BoHvar, Tennes- see, December 4, 1861, of fever; Ebenezer Roberts, discharged February 10, 1863, disability; William Robertson, George Reedy, wounded at Shiloh, died of wounds at Mound City, IHinots; Oswald Schanoz, Andrew T. Sampson, Frank Shaeffer, David R. Shockey, John K. Smith, dis- charged June 4, 1862, for disability ; John M. Tilton, Levi Talbot, wounded at Jackson, Mississippi, July 16, 1863, discharged December 6, 1863; Cas- par S.Troutman, Jacob Will, wounded at Shiloh; James H. White, dis- charged for disability, December 14, 1861 ; William YingHng, captured at Shiloh, April 6, 1862, discharged at Washington, D. C, Feb. 26, 1863. Additional Enlistments. — Robert Alexander, mustered in August 16, 1861; David Alexander, mustered in x\ugust 16, 1861, died February 23, 1862; Duane Dupont, mustered in August 16, 1801; Henry H. Gould, mustered in August 16, 1861, died January 10, 1862, of disease; Henry Gould, mustered in August 16, 1861; David Gould, mustered in August 16, 1861; Cornelius N. Gobin, mustered in August 16, 1861; William F. Green, mustered in September 0,1861, wounded at Shiloh; Daniel S. Jones, mustered in August 16, 1861, died at Sedalia, Mo., December 3, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 481 1861; Geo. Miller, mustered in August 16, 1861, wounded at Shiloh; Ed- ward Finefield, mustered in July 17, 1861; transferred from Company G, January 1, 1862; Francis M. Nichols, mustered in April 2, 1864. Company H. — Robert Slater, 8th corporal; mustered in July 17, 1861; promoted 2d sergeant, August 6,1861; returned to ranks October 13, 1862. SEVENTH INFANTRY. Comp>any G. — Walter Camp, 2d lieutenant; commissioned July 24, 1861; taken prisoner at Corinth; P. A. Harrington, 1st sergeant, reduced to ranks at his own request January 1, 1862, wounded at Corinth; Edward H. Morton, 1st corporal, promoted from private; Warren Williams. [No date of muster found for these men.] John Sergent, mustered in March 19, 1864; company unknown. EIGHTH INFANTRY. Company G. — Mustered in September 20, 1861. Jonathan H. Hopkins, 1st corporal, taken prisoner at Shiloh; William P. Bush, 3d corporal, killed at Shiloh ; Nathaniel Cloud, 6th corporal, wounded at Shiloh, died of wound, April 14, 1862; Samuel Hopkins, musician. Privates. — Noah Chamberlain, taken prisoner at Shiloh; Geo. W. O'Neil, wounded at Shiloh; Henry Pfoff; Henry S. Kephart, mustered in May 26, 1864, additional enlistment; George P. Moore, mustered in April 19, 1864, additional enlistment. Company I. — Thomas Johnson, mustered in September 12, 1861, wounded at Corinth, additional enlistment; William Lewis, went into quarters October 8, 1861, additional enlistment. NINTH INFANTRY. Company A. — Herbert E. Nixon, mustered in March 17, 1864, addi- tional enlistment; George C. Searle, mustered in March 17, 1864, dis- charged May 11, 1865, additional enlistment. Company B. — Lorenzo D. Carlton, first sergeant, mustered in Septem- ber 24,- 1861, reduced to ranks November 1, 1862, discharged December 2, 1862; Oliver N. Fuller, musiered in August 12, 1861; Benton Green, private, mustered in August 25, 1861, discharged January 27, 1862; Horace Hagar, private, mustered in September 24, 1861, discharged July 2, 1862; Stephen M. Weeks, private, mustered in September 24, 1861, died October 15, 1865, of chronic diarrhoea. Company D. — Albert Clark, private, mustered in March 10, 1864, additional enlistment. Company K. — August Kriger, additional enlistment, mustered in March 14, 1864, mustered out with regiment; Jerome H. Sisson, addi- tional enlistment, mustered in March 22, 1864, mustered out June 10, 1865, with regiment; Geo. W, Erian, recruit, unassigned to company, mustered in February 27, 1864, for three years. 482 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. TENTH INFANTRY. Field and Staf. — Wm. E. Small, colonel, commissioned lieutenant colonel September 10, 1861, promoted November 2,1862, honorably dis- chared August 19, 1863; James Trusdell, mustered in as second lieuten- ant company, D, September 28, 1861, promoted to quartermaster Sept. 29, 1861, resigned January 28, 1863; George Eastman, hospital steward, (no date); John Roberts, fife major, from musisician, Company H, mus- tered in November 1, 1861. Company D. — Mustered in September 28, 1861. Solomon Shepherd, captain, promoted from first lieutenant Company H, March 2, 1862, dis- charged March 20,1865; Henry Biggs, musician, discharged August 24, 1861. Privates.— ]o\^n R. Denton, died at New Madrid, April 13, 1862; Edward De Bezy, Samuel Ruetch, Robert H. Sheets, wounded at Cham- pion Hills, Miss., discharged December 7, 1863. Company E. — Mustered in September 6, 1861. Levi M. Phillips, third sergeant, promoted from second corporal, discharged September 9, 1882. Privates. — Henry Grimm, Abram Hess, wounded at Champion Hills, transferred February 15, 1864, to invalid corps; Samuel Holderness, Henry Kloos, Abram PhilUps, killed near Charleston, Mo., January 8, 1862; George Searles, William W. Williamson, died July 17, 1862, diar- rhea; John W. Albin, additional enlistment, mustered in March 7, 1864, wounded slightly at Kenesaw Mountain, June 15, 1864. Company F. — Mustered in September 7, 1861. Privates: Henry Biggs, Thomas Swearingen, killed in battle at Chattanooga, Tenn.; Jas. R. Stroud, additional enlistment, mustered in September 28, 1861. Company H. — Mustered in September 7, 1861. Solomon Shepherd, first lieutenant, promoted to captain. Company D; John Roberts, musician, promoted to fife major. Privates. — WiUiam Cox, died October 5, 1862, of wounds received at Corinth; Joseph ConckHn, EUiot Cross, wounded at Champion Hills, Miss.; H. C. Groves, Solomon Gillaspie, discharged July 1, 1864, for wounds received at Chattanooga; Bradley A. Harrington, discharged April 28, 1862; James Hockingberry, William W. Hoin, died November 28, 1861, of dieease; Thomas Johnson, Walter McAdams, wounded severely at Champion Hills; John Morford, transferred to invalid corps, September 15, 1863; Stephen Randall, John A Roarick, Geo. C. Walker, died at Jackson, Miss., October 6, 1882, of wounds received in battle. Company K. — Alexander Ladow, fourth sergeant, mustered in Sep- tember 28, 1861, discharged August 27, 1862; Nicholas Carr, third cor- poral, mustered in September 28, 1861, discharged December 4, 1862. Privates. — Edmund B. Chadwick, mustered in October 11, 1861, cap- tured at Champion Hills; Joseph Mash, mustered in October 2, 1861; HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 483 John Metzin^er, mustered in October 2, 1861; Jacob Stebler, mustered in September 28, 1861. ELEVENTH INFANTRY. Field and Staff. — Frederick Lloyd, assistant surgeon; mustered in October 22, 1861; surgeon in Sixteenth Infantry, June 4, 1862; Dennis P. Greely, commissary sergeant, promoted from second sergeant, Company B, October 1, 1861. Company C. — Mustered in October 3, 1861. Privates: James Gray, mustered in October 3, 1861, captured near Atlanta, Ga., July 21,1864, died at Andersonville, October 13, 1864, while prisoner of war; Geo, W. Gray, died at Savanah, Tenn., March 23, 1862; James D. Hamilton. TWELFTH INFANTRY. JField and Staf. — Sanford W. Huft', surgeon, mustered in September 16, 1862. Company D. — Privates: Samuel H. Flint, mustered in October 26, 1861, missing in battle of Shiloh; Warren A. Flint, mustered in October 26, 1861, missing at Shiloh. THIRTEENTH INFANTRY. Field and Staf . — James Boucher, assistant surgeon, mustered in Nov. 2, 1861, major and surgeon U. S. V., April 4, 1862; J. Crawford Mor- rison, mustered in as private and promoted successively to hospital steward, additional surgeon, and assistant surgeon. Company A — Additional Enlistments^ Privates: George W. Hoffman, mustered in April 13, 1864, missing in action near Atlanta Ga., July 22, 1864; Benjamin McClellan, mustered in April 13, 1861, died at Louisville, Ky., May 25, 1864; John C. Pisel, mustered in April 13, 1864, died of wounds Aug. 21, 1864; William Sergeant, mustered in March 23, 1864, missing in action near Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864. Company I — Additional Enlistments^ Privates: John C. Morrison, [no date]; L. Parker Aylworth, mustered in Nov. 1, 1861, killed in battle at Shiloh. Company K. — Privates: James Beck, mustered in Oct. 21, 1861, wounded at Shiloh; Stewart Hartman, mustered in Oct. 10, 1861. FOURTEENTH INFANTRY. Field and Staff. — Edward W. Lucas, lieutenant colonel, mustered in Nov. 16, 1861, missing in the battle of Shiloh, resigned March 12, 1863; Wm. H. Kirkwood, major, from 1st lieutenant, company K, mustered in Sept. 8, 1862. Company A.— Mnsi^redm Oct. 23, 1861 : John Pattee, captain; John C. Rutan, 2d lieutenant. Company ^'.—Mustered in Oct. 23, 1861: Bradley Mahana, captain; Marvin R. Luse, 1st lieutenant; Joseph Schell, 2d lieutenant. 484 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Company F. — Mustered in Nov. 2, 1861. William H. Shuey, captain^ mustered in as 1st lieutenant, promoted March 14, 1863; John E. Douglas, 1st sergeant; John F. Hill 4th sergeant, mustered in as 5th sergeant, promoted March 29, 1862, died May 24, 1862; Lorenzo Davis, 2d corporal, missing in battle at Shiloh, discharged Feb. 26, 1863; William W. Morton 4th corporal, captured at Shiloh; Benjamin F. Jacobs, 6th corporal, killed at Shiloh; George P. Stephens, musician, transferred to Invalid corps Aug. 19, 1863; Thomas Grayham, wagoner, captured at Shiloh, discharged Jan. 8, 1863. Privates. — Franklin Bowers, discharged at Shiloh, July 8, 1862; Ranolph Cook, discharged Feb. 20, 1864; James Coughenour; Simon H. Davault, died at Corinth, July 17, 1862, diarrhea; Henry A. Els worth, wounded slightly at Pleasant Hill, La., April 9, 1864; Allen J. Eddy; Joseph Gillett, captured at Shiloh, wounded and captured at Pleasant Hill, La., April 9, 1864; Pleasant Harris, discharged March 1, 1862; Samuel P. Hodge, Jonathan Langle, captured at Shiloh, discharged Feb. 12, 1863, for disability; John M. Runyan, N. B. Shepardson, discharged July 16, 1862, for disability; William Walt, wounded and captured at Shiloh; Wenzel Watrabek, discharged Sept. 4, 1862; Francis M. Zyke, killed in battle at Shiloh. Company G. — Andrew H. Hazelett, 5th sergeant, mustered in Nov. 2, 1861, captured at Shiloh. Company K. — William W. Kirkwood, 1st lieutenant, mustered in Nov. 6, 1861, promoted to major Sept 8, 1862. FIFTEENTH INFANTRY. ADDITIONAL ENLISTMENT. Com-pany D. — David H. Boget, mustered in October 17, 1864, for three years, drafted, mustered out with regiment; James Gould, mustered in October, 17, 1864, for one year, drafted, mustered out with regiment; Thomas Mannan, mustered in October 15, 1864, drafted, deserted June 30th, 1865; Allis Shallmiser, mustered in October 15, 1864, drafted, mus- tered out with regiment. Company H. — Benjamin F. Jordan, mustered in March 22, 1864, for three years; John W. Stage, mustered in April 1, 1864, for three years, not assigned to company. SIXTEENTH INFANTRY. Field and Staff. — Charles W. Fracker, quartermaster, reigned Septem- ber 3, 1862; Frederick Llo3^d, surgeon, mustered in June 29, 1862, was assistant surgeon in Eleventh Infantry. Company B. — Additional Enlistments. Fred Frank, mustered in April 14, 1864, missing July 21, 1864, returned to company September 22, ]864; Christian D. Wulf, mustered in April 20, 1864, wounded at Atlanta, Ga., and died at Rome, Ga., July 18, 1864. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 485 Company D. — Edwin R. Lewis, mustered in January 28, 1862, dis- charged Aujjfust 10, 1862; John Naylor, mustered in Jan. 28, 1862, died June 18, 1862, disease; Michael Weaver, mustered in January 28, 1862. Company E. — Michael Fitzpatrick, mustered in December 17, 1861, taken prisoner at Shiloh; Alexander Shepard, mustered in February 20, 1862, died at St. Louis, April 28, 1862. Company G^.— Mustered in March 12, 1862. Ely McConnell, 8th cor- poral, mustered in as private; Charles Corsant, wagoner, taken prisoner at Holly Springs, December 20, 1862. Privates. — Patrick Boyle, wounded at Shiloh, discharged October 14, 1862; Louis Brandt, deserted at St. Louis, April 1, 1862; Charles Cor- sant, wounded at Shiloh; Chris. Gossenberger; Henry Bedel meyer, dis- charged June 28, 1862; Jacob Vetter, captured at Atlanta, July 22, 1864. Company I. — David Merry man, mustered in March 24, 1862, died May 30, 1862, of disease; Lemuel Madden, mustered in March 24, 1862. Additional Enlisments. — ^John Pitts, mustered in April 30, 1864, miss- ing in action, July 22, 1864; George W. Haskell, mustered in October 17, 1864. Unassigned to Company. — Alexander Dunlap, substitute, mustered in October 26, 1864, for one year; Frank Frick, mustered in April 14,1864, for three years; William A. Hobbie, mustered in March 17, 1864, for three years; drafted. SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. Field and Staff. — Jacob H. Ealy, surgeon, mustered in November 25, 1882, resigned May 29, 1865. EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY. Company G. — William Fetridge, private, mustered in August 6, 1862, captured at Lewisburg, Arkansas, May 8, 1864. TWENTIETH INFANTRY. Field and Staf. — Jasper H. Rice, quartermaster, mustered in August 25, 1862. Company F. — Additional enlistments : Leonard W. Bordwell, private, mustered in March 22, 1864, for three years; Augustus C. Woody, pri- vate, mustered in March 22, 1864. Company H. — Additional etilistjnents : Albert H. Lucore, private, mustered in March 22, 1862, for three years; Lewis E. White, private, mustered in March 22, 1864. TWENTY-SECOND INFANTRY. Field and Staff. — Mustered in September 9 and 10, 1862. Harvey Graham, mustered in as major, promoted to lieuteuant-colonel September 31 486 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 17, 1862, colonel May 1, 1864, made prisoner at Vicksburg, May 22, l863; John Henry Gearkee, major, mustered in as captain company B, promoted May 6, 1864, wounded slightly at Vicksburg; William H. White, surgeon, resigned December 14, 1863; Alfred B. Lee, assistant surgeon, promoted surgeon January 19, 1864, died April 5, 1864; John ■C. Shrader, surgeon, mustered in as captain company H, promoted May 1, 1864; William A. Dinwiddle, assistant surgeon, promoted from hos- pital steward, mustered in May 16,1862, resigned February 21, 1865; John W. Porter, adjutant, mustered in as first lieutenant company F, promoted December 20, 1862, resigned January 29, 1863; David J. Davis, mustered in as first lieutenant compan}^ A, afterwards promoted to captain, and adjutant, wounded May 1, 1863; Samuel D. Pr3^ce, adju- tant, mustered in February 21, 1864, afterwards captain company A; John E. Stansbury, assistant surgeon, commissioned April 3, 1865, mus- tered out as private company I; Oscar B. Lee, adjutant, commissioned October 1, 1864, died October 31, 1864, of wounds received at Cedar Creek, Va.; Chauncey F. Lovelace, quartermaster, commissioned August 22, 1862; John L. Buddy, quartermaster sergeant, was private in company F, returned to company; John W. Lee, mustered in Aug- ust 26, 1862 as sixth corporal, promoted to quartermaster sergeant Octo- ber 1, 1862; Alexander H. Brown, commissary sergeant, from fourth sergeant company K, commissioned August 14, 186ii; John Lenderman, mustered in as musician company F, August 26, 1862, promoted Novem- ber 3, 186] ; James W. Sterling, quartermaster, mustered in April 12, 1863, was first lieutenant company F. Company A. — Charles N. Lee, captain, was in company B, 1st infantry; David J. Davis, 1st lieutenant, was private in 1st infantry, declined pro- motion to captain, killed at Winchester; William W. Hughes, 2d lieuten- ant, was quartermaster sergeant in 1st infantry, resigned August 3, 1863; Samuel C. Jones, 1st sergeant, afterward 1st lieutenant, taken prisoner at Winchester; Calvin H. Bane, 2d sergeant, commissioned Oct. 2, 1864, wounded at Cedar Creek, Va.; Joseph F. Latta, 3d sergeant, was in 1st infantry; Peter B. Boarts, 4th sergeant, wounded at Cedar Creek; John T. McGuier, 5th sergeant, wounded at Vicksburg; James H.Trimble, ^st corporal, was m Company B, 1st infantry; Daniel J. Roberts, 2d corporal; Wilson S. Tuttle, 3d corporal; Hurbert H. Jones, 4th corporal; John L. Fleming, 5th corporal, captured Feb. 22, 1864, while acting as scout; Ira McCallister, 6th corporal; George J. Wheeler, 7th corporal, transferred to veteran reserve corps May 1, 1864; Wallace Jackson, 8th corporal; WiUiam H. Harvey, musician; Samuel D. Pryce, musician; Wm. Hock- inberry, wagoner, discharged May 25, 1863. Pr/x;«/^5— Mustered in August 21 and 22, 1862: John W. Alt, dis- charged Nov. 13, 1862; Benjamin F. Akers, Wm. L. Barnes, Elmer J. C- Bealer, Joseph F. Brophy, Franklin W. Butler, died in Texas, Dec. 22, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 4S7 1863; Nicholas H. Boyce, captured at Winchester, Va., discharged June 2, 1865, at Davenport; John A. Burke, William H. Bechtel, Francis A. Beranck, Geo. W. Burright, Addison Burright, Isaac H. Boughton, dis- charged June 3, 1863; Peter R. Baker, died April 8, 1865, at Savannah, Ga.; Henry D. Carson, mustered in Aug. 30, 1862; Anderson M. Cleghorn, Thos. Chamberlain, died May 25, 1863, of wounds received at Vicksburg; Enoch Connor, John Casey, William L. Cleghorn, died at Memphis, Tenn., Aug. 20, 1863; John Dohrer, William Dudley, Jacob Erb, wounded at Winchester, Va.; Reuben Erb, died at Vicksburg, Aug. 18, 1863; Peter C. Eberly, Jacob Fesler, transferred to invalid corps Feb. 2, 1864; Alexander H. Huft', died at New Orleans, Sept. 26, 1863; Chester Hunter, wounded at Winchester; Upton C. Holderman, Joshua B. Hughes, John W. Howza, Edwin Hague, discharged for disability Dec. 16, 1862; Albert Hobbs, Andrew J. Hamilton, mustered in Aug. 30, 1862, wounded at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864; Cary Hopkins, mustered in Aug. 30, 1862, died at New Carthage, La., May 25, 1863; Rial M. Jones, Wm. W. Johnson, Francis M. Kester, Edward B. Lucas, discharged April 11, 1863, for disability; John A. Livingston, Oscar B. Lee, Wm. H. Loan, Harvey McCorcle, John E. Meads, wounded at Winchester, discharged June 29, 1865; Solomon McGee, wounded at Winchester, Va.; Noel Morrison, wounded at Winchester, and died there of wounds, Sept. 20, 1864; Samuel Miller, Jr., Wm. A. Moore, Jas. McGuire, died at Jackson, Miss., July 20, 1863 ; Alfred W. Moore, Thos. Moore, Mathe w Negla, transferred to veteran reserve corps, March 15, 1864; Samuel Nivison, Anthony C. Rigg, trans- ferred to veteran reserve corps; Geo. W. Smith, discharged Dec. 16, 1862; James A. Smith, wounded at Winchester, discharged Jan. 25, 1865; Emanias Sailor, died Aug. 5, 1863, on hospital steamer; Selva S. Street, Robert J. Smith, captured at Winchester; Samuel J. Switzer, Jacob C. Switzer, wounded at Winchester; James L. Switzer, transferred to vet- eran reserve corps; Elias Sailor, Oliver J. Thompson, Wm. Tyler, wounded at Jackson, Miss., July 17, 1863; Richard Thomas, died at New Orleans, Sept. 7, 1863; Barney J. Tallman, captured at Winchester; Oliver M. Wheeler, John H. Wheeler, John A. Warner, James H. White, Edmund H. Wilcox. Additional Enlistment. — George W. Alt, mustered in Feb. 27, 1864, for three years. Company B. — Mustered in Aug. 25, 1862. John Henry Gearkee, cap- tain, was sergeant in companv B, 1st infantry, wounded at Vicksburg; John Remick, 1st lieutenant, promoted to captain. May 7, 1864, resigned Oct. 13, 1864; Joseph S. TurnbuU, mustered in as private, afterwards ser- geant, captain, and mustered out as 1st lieutenant, wounded at Vicksburg; James A. Boarts, 1st lieutenant, died at Winchester, Va., Sept. 25, 1864, of wounds received Sept. 19, 1864; Frank M. Thompson, 2d sergeant, reduced to ranks Dec. 28, 1862; Lewis P. P. Dull, 3d sergeant, reduced 488 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. to ranks Oct. 8, 1862, discharged June 26, 1863, disability; John D. Bane, 3d sergeant, from 4th, killed in battle at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864; Zachariah Shearer, 4th sergeant, mustered in as private, promoted Oct. 8, 1862; William Owers, 5th sergeant, reduced to ranks Oct. 8, 1862; Aaron Jewell, 1st corporal, reduced to ranks Oct. 8, lb62, dis- charged June 11, 1863, disability; William Franklin, 2d corporal, pro- moted 1st corporal Oct. 8, 1862, wounded in the battles of Port Gibson and Winchester; George Watts, 2d corporal, reduced to ranks Oct. 8 1862; Abijah Tuttle, 4th corporal, promoted to 2d corporal Oct. 8, 1862, died at Rolla, Mo., Feb. 4, 1863; John W. Boots, mustered in as 5th cor- poral, promoted to 3d corporal Oct. 8, 1862, wounded in battle at Vicks- burg, and died there of wounds, June 13, 1863, was previously in 1st infan- try; David Jordan, 6th corporal, promoied to 4th corporal Oct. 8, 1862, killed in battle at Vicksburg; George P. Overfelt, 7th corporal, promoted 5th corporal Oct. 8, 1862; WiUiam Hills, 7th corporal, promoted Oct. 8,. 1862, captured at Winchester; Robert Tarbet, musician ; John Brooks, musician, transferred; Edward Mulhern, wagoner, wounded at Cedar Creek. Privates — James L. Allen, Lafayette Alley, John Ackley, Patrick H. Burns, was previously in 1st infantry; Jacob Van Brimmer, died Oct. 19, 1864; William R. Boyd, discharged Dec. 22, 1862; Dan M. Ball, died at Ste. Genevieve, Mo., March 22, 1863; Geo. W.Brown, wounded at Vicks- burg; Levi H. Bray, Conard Bader, William Caskey, Miles E. Camp- bell, David H. Dorwart, died at St. Louis, May 7, 1863; John Dick, trans- ferred to Invalid Corps, Jan. 15, 1864; James Douglass, Jr., Christian Detwiler,Jr., died at Vicksburg, May 24, 1863, of wounds received in battle May 22, 1863; Benjamin Dunbar, discharged July 16, 1864, for disability; Albert Davis, Christian Dodt, wounded at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct, 14, 1864, discharged Jan. 20, 1865; Benjamin Eckert, Sinary H. Eisterr, wounded at Vicksburg; Eber W. Fosbury, James W. Fackler, Seth Foster, William H. Foster, discharged Feb. 2, 1864, for disability; Wil- liam Fisher, August Fisher, captured at Vicksburg; Frederick L. Goe- way, John Goodey, Robert Goodey, William Gearkee, captured at Indianola, Texas; James Harbert, died at Washington, D. C, Aug. 11, 1864; Joseph D. Harbert, Wm. D. Harbert, John W. Harbert, Thomas Harper, wounded at Port Gibson, Miss., captured at Vicksburg, and died at that place June 8, 1863; Rufus J. Hoy, wounded at Vicksburg, died September 20, 1863, of disease; Ernest Haberstroh, wounded at Vicksburg, transferred to invalid corps, April 30, 1864; James Hankins, Edwin Irvin, Henry Kreuzmann, discharged at New Orleans, January 30, 1864; George Lunnon, wounded at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864, leg amputated, discharged May 29, 1865; Alonzo Lee, John McCarty, killed in battle at Winchester; Henry Merhng, died at St. Louis, July 21, 1862; Geo. S. Maxwell, captured at Winchester; Frank Nowak, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 489 John Paulus, wounded in the hand at Vicksburg; William L. Rice, Alexander Rever, David P. Robertson, killed in battle at Magnolia Hills, Miss., May 1, 1863; Christian Ricord, John R. Scraggs, wounded in the foot at Vicksburg; Henry D. Sumner, Daniel Strahle, John W. Sweet- man, Simon D. Sweetman, died at St. Louis, July 6, 1863; Alfred Smith, Adam Snyder, George Tomlin, wounded at Vicksburg, discharged tor disability, Feb. 2, 1864; Vaughan Naughan, William H. Wirt, Benjamin Williams, John Wilantt, James S. Wilson, Elias P. Ward, Joseph H. Work. Additional Enlistments.— V^WYvdm W. Clark, mustered in Sept. 6, 1864; Andrew Douglass, mustered in Feb. 29, 1864, wounded severely at Win- chester; James M. Hendricks, mustered in Sept. 9, 1862; Wm. T. Yar- bough, enlisted Jan. 5, 1864. Company D. — ^John Shalla, musician, enlisted August 2, 1862, dis- charged at CarroUton, La., for disability, Sept. 2, 1863. Company F. — Enlisted mostly during August, 1862. Alfred B. Cree, captain; John W. Porter, first lieutenant, promoted adjutant December 20, 1862; Wm. G. Haddock, second lieutenant, resigned at Rolla, Jan. 7, 1862; Geo. W. Handy, first sergeant; Wm. Ishell, second sergeant, was private in company K, first infantry; Lycurgus Remley, third sergeant, died at Vicksburg, Miss., June 15, 1863, of typhoid fever; Vigil Hartsock, fourth sergeant; Theodore Loveland, fifth sergeant; Henry A. Tidd, first corporal, discharged June 10, 1863, at Vicksburg, Miss., for disability; Henry Rutter, second corporal; Lewis Logan, third corporal; Isaac N. Halderman, fourth corporal, captured at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864; Samuel L. Wheeler, fifth corporal, reduced to ranks at his own request Oct. 4, 1882; Ed. H. Bovee, fifth corporal, promoted from private; John W. Lee, sixth corporal, promoted quartermaster sergeant Oct. 1, 1862; Wm. C. Luce, sixth corporal, promoted from seventh corporal, dis- charged for disability June 15, 1865; Wm. D. Hopwood, seventh corporal promoted from eighth corporal Oct. 1, 1862, discharged at Hilton Head, S. C, June 15, 1865, for wounds; Silas Hemphill, eighth corporal, pro- moted from private; Harvey S. Pool, musician; John Lenderman, musi- cian, promoted fife major Nov. 3, 1862; John W. Moore, wagoner. Privates. — Ch7ix\^^ W. Abel, Austin S. Barber, Richard A. Bick- erton, Algernon S. Barker, wounded May 1, 1863, at Port Gibson, Miss., transferred to veteran reserve corps, Sept. 30, 1864; Simeon Bar- nett; Philip H. Burgy, captured Sept. 19, 1864, at Winchester, Va.; Geo. W. Bell, captured Oct. 19, 1862, at Cedar Creek, Va.; John L. Buddy, promoted quartermaster sergeant Sept. 10, 1862, subsequently returned to company; Wm. B. Coventry, transferred to invalid corps, May 15, 1864; George Converse, died at Jefl:erson Barracks, Mo., July 29, 1864, of disease; Alonzo Chapman, George Chapman, Jtifterson Chap- man, Wm. M. Dillon, transferred, April 30, 1864, to invalid corps; Joseph 490 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. V. Dodds, David II. Ely, wounded at Winchester, Va., Sept. 3 9, 1864, lost right arm, discharged at Davenport, May 2, 1865; Frederick Everett, James M. Fernean, wounded severely, Oct, 19, 1864, at Cedar Creek, Va., and died there of wounds, Oct. 21, 1864; George Foster, William C. Franklin, captured, date and place unknown; Lysander Fry, died at Vicksburg, Miss., July 25, 1863, of disease; Amos Fry, Joseph Fox, wounded severely in both feet and arm, Sept. 19, 1864, at Winchester, Va., discharged x\pril 11, 1865, at Davenport for wounds; Albert G. Gans, Richard H. Gabriel, Lewis Goben, captured Oct. 19, 1864, at Cedar Creek, Va.; Joel Hall, Wm. H. Harrison, Silas H. Hemphill, Jacob Hirk, wounded Sept. 19, 1864, at Winchester, Va.; Henry M. Heinrichs, John W. Huss, George Hunter, James Johnston, transferred to invalid corps March 15, 1864; George Kibler, discharged at Davenport June 29, 1865; Joseph Knapp, killed in battle at Winchester, Sept. 19 1864; John Klenk, Charles W. Lewis, Stephen L. Knoland, deserted at St. Louis, Sept. 19, 1862; James W. Loud, transferred to invalid corps, April 30, 1864; Thomas Myers, James Montgomery, Edward Morgan, wounded severely in the back Oct. 19, 1864, at Cedar Creek, Va., died of wounds at Baltimore, Md., Nov. 30, 1864; Michael McCardel, discharged at Lousett's Plantation, La., April 21, 1863, for disability; Francis M. Payn, captured at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1863; Obadiah T. Plum, transferred, Feb. 29, 1864, to veteran reserve corps; John Pearce, died of disease at St. Louis, June 27, 1863; Smith Pursel, James A. Pinney, wounded and captured at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864; Joseph Peters, George A. Remley, wounded slightly in the leg May 1, 1863, at Port Gibson; Joseph Ralston, Michael Ruppert, discharged at Davenport, for disability Jan. 25, 1865; John Rafter, wounded Sept. 19, 1864, at Winches- ter and died there Sept. 25, 1864; Albert Satia, Alfred Satia, enlisted Sept. 4, 1862, died at Baton Rouge, La., Jan. 11, 1864, of pneumonia; John Stauffer, discharged for rupture, Dec. 20, 1862; Conrad Strickler, wounded slightly in the leg Sept. 19, 1864, at Winchester, Va.: Geo. W. Stafford, transferred to invalid corps Feb. 2, 1864; Amos M. Scott, killed in battle at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864; Peter Shilling, wounded severely in the groin at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864; WiUiam Secor, wounded in the left knee May 22, 1863, at Vicksburg, Miss., discharged at Davenport, July 4, 1864, for disability; Asa B. Stiles, Peter Subberry, died at St. Louis, Mo., August 8, 1863, disease; John Singleton, discharged for disability at St. Louis, Mo., August 3, 1863; Isaac S. Struble, wounded slightly in the right foot at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864; Theodore Seifried, John A. Shay, discharged for disability at Davenport, Dec. 3» 1863; David M. Smith, discharged Jan. 20, 1861, at Davenport, for disa- bility; Anslum Ten Eick, transferred to veteran corps, June 1, 1865, at Davenport; Samuel Tarbox, Charles Tippenhaur, killed in battle at Vicks- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 491 burg, Miss., June 13, 1863; Daniel Williams, Emory Scott, Joseph Worn- backer, William Yonter. Additional Enlistments. — Privates: Benjamin F. Bailey, enlisted Septem- ber 14, 1862, deserted at Davenport, Iowa, September 15, 1862; Simon Crowl, enlisted December 10, 1862, joined from second Missouri artillery; Ewalt Hener, enlisted December 10, 1862, joined from second Missouri artil- lery; John Hanson, enlisted December 10, 1862, joined from second Missouri artillery; Anton Inghousen, enlisted December 10, 1862, joined from second Missouri artillery; John Rhode, enlisted December 10, 1862, joined from second Missouri artillery; John Stepinger, enlisted December 10, 1862, joined from second Missouri artillery; Clement E. Hand, enlisted January 26, 1864, died July 19, 1864; John W. Kinsey, enlisted December 21, 1863, died September 21, 1864; Alvin W. Pinney, enlisted November 14, 1863, killed Sept 19, 1864; John Spencer, enlisted February 10, 1864; Jonathan Woods, enlisted December 5, 1863, died of inflammation of the lungs. May 28, 1864, at New Orleans, Louisiana; James Douglas, enlisted January 23, 1865, mustered out with regiment; James M. Gruver, enlisted January 17, 1865, mustered out with regiment; Wm. H. Holmes, enlisted Jan- uary 17, 1865, mustered out with regiment; Henry Montgomery, enlisted January 17, 1865, mustered out with regiment; Wm. M. Smith, enlisted January 12, 1865; Wm. I. Bowen, enlisted January 5, 1864; Charles M. Johnson, enlisted August 20, 1862. Company G. — Enlisted during month of August, except as otherwise commissioned September 10, 1862, stated. Isaac V. Davis, captain, enlisted July 25, 1862, resigned at Rolla, January 7, 1863; James O. Hawkins, first lieutenant, enlisted July 25, 1862, commissioned September 10, 1862; Geo. H. Shockey, second lieutenant, enlisted July 25, 1862, commissioned September 10, 1862, was private in Com- pany B, First Infantry; Thomas W. Lindsey, first sergeant, enlisted July 25, 1862, was private in Company B, First Infantry; Edwin L. Crain, second sergeant, enlisted July 25, 1862; John K. Duncan, third sergeant, enlisted July 25, 1862, wounded in the left leg, at Winchester, Va., September 19, 1864; Joseph D. Smith, fourth sergeant, reduced to ranks November 11, 1862; Fred M. Clarke, fourth sergeant, enlisted July 25, 1862, promoted from fifth sergeant November 11, 1862; Robert D. Alcorn, fifth sergeant, enlisted August 9, 1862; promoted from first cor- poral November 11, 1862, promoted from second corporal October 2, 1862; Wm. C. McConnell, first corporal, appointed wagon master Octo- ber 2, 1862; John Q. Mahan, first corporal, promoted from second corpo- ral, promoted from third corporal October 2, 1862, wounded slightly in the leg at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863, transferred to invalid corps September 3, 1863; Robert Wilson, second corporal, enlisted as fourth corporal, promoted to third corporal October 2, 1862, promoted to second corporal November 11, 1862, reduced to ranks December 15, 1862, 492 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. wounded slightly in the face and leg May 22, 1863, at Vicksburg, Miss.; William D. Rice, second corporal, as fifth corporal, promoted successively, fourth, third, and second corporal; Henry G. Langenburg, third corporal, promoted from fourth corporal December 15, 1862, promoted from fifth corporal November 11, 1862, promoted from sixth corporal October 2, 1862; Horace J. Bisbey, fourth corporal, enlisted as seventh corporal, and promoted successively, discharged for disability March 15, 1863, at Rolla; Benjamin W. Cole, enlisted as private, promoted successively eighth, seventh, sixth and fifth corporal; Hiram O. Keen, sixth corporal, promoted from seventh corporal, enlisted as eighth corporal, reduced to ranks November 26, 1862; Benjamin F. Dennis, enlisted as private, pro- moted eighth corporal Novemberll, 1862, seventh corporal, sixth corporal, December 15, 1862; William F. Beasley, seventh corporal, promoted from eighth corporal December 15, 1862, promoted November 26, 1862; Elias Smith, eighth corporal, promoted from private, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, April 30, 1864; Henry C. Grewell, musician; David R. Shockey, musician; John H. Howard, wagoner, died at Rolla, Mo., March 4, 1865, of disease. Privates. — Frederick Bloom, transferred to invalid corps April 30, 1864; Samuel Burdick, Alfred Bray, enlisted August 11, 1862, discharged at Vicksburg, Miss., for disability June 26, 1863; The. H. Bartholomew, wounded at Vicksburg, May 22, and died of wounds August 7, 1863, at Memphis, Tenn.; WiUiam Barker, died at Augusta, Ga., June 16,1865, disease; Josiah J. Barker, discharged for disability at Washington, D. C, January 15, 1865; John Batch, died of dysentery at Vicksburg, Miss., August 23, 1863; Edward Ball, Martin S. Brennan, Charles Coons, died Rolla, Mo., Nov. 20, 1862, of dysentery; Frank Crocker, discharged for disability January 15, 1863, at Rolla; Levi B. Concannon, William T. Dennis, discharged for disability June 27, 1863, at Vicksburg, Miss.; Eli J. Denman, discharged at St. Louis, Mo., October 8, 1863, for disability; James C. Duke, William M. DeCamp, was private in Company B, First Infantry, wounded at Port Gibson, Miss., May 30, 1862; Joshua Dover, discharged at St. Berwick, La., October 2, 1863, for disability; Daniel T. Denny, Nathiniel Eells, wounded slightly at Winchester, Va., September 19, 1864; Jacob D. Fiske, discharged at Vermillion Hills, La., October 10, 1863, for disability; Ferdinand J. Goftard, Larkin Garey, discharged for disability at Carrokon, La., July 13, 1864; John W. Grewell, John Hor- mel, wounded in the leg at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863, transferred to invalid corps March 15,1864; Saul Higgins, Emanuel Hostetler, wounded at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, and died of wounds at Memphis, Tenn., June 16, 1863; Jonathan Hanley, Jacob Kepford, wounded at Cedar Creek, Va., October 19, 1864; Junius A. Lawson, wounded at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, and died of wounds near Vicksburg, May 29; Henry Lingo, died at Rolla, Mo., January 28, 1863; Milton Lingo, trans- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 493 ferred to invalid corps April 30, 1864; Cawsay C. Lingo, died at Rolla, February 12, 1863; Richard L,inn, was private in First Infantr3% company B; Enos Lentz, John Loader, wounded severely in the arm at Cedar Creek, Va., October 19, 1864; Franklin V. Moffatt, Orsemus Moore, wounded slightly at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863; Samuel Marling, Louis H. Moore, died of chronic diarrhea on steamer City of Memphis, August 22, 1863; Daniel J. Morey, transferred to InvaHd Corps Septem- ber 1, 1863; John A. Marling, Abraham Miller, Henry Niger, discharged for disability at Keokuk, September 20, 1864; Edward L. Pardee,wound- ed slightly at Port Gibson, Miss., May 1, 1863; Thomas Frail, Wm. G. Perkins, killed in battle at Vicksburg, Miss., June 24, 1863; John A. Fin- ney, Jonah Robinson, Josiah P. Reynolds, Garrett Stevens, James F. Shaff, John A. Searight, Joseph J. Silverthorn, discharged for disability at Iron Mountain, Mo., March 6, 1863; John Smiley, Malen Schlasman, wounded severely in the neck at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863; David Smith, wounded severely May 22, 1863, and died May 28, 1863, at Vicks- burg, Miss; John G. Shillato, wounded severely in the shoulder, at Vicks- burg, May 22, 1863, discharged at Keokuk, June 10, 1864, for disabihty; Elias Smith, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, April 30, 1864; David Smelser, Marshall Z. Shaft', John W. Spencer, Henry Tharp, killed in battle at Winchester, Va., September 19, 1864; Milton Templeman, died on steamer City of Memphis, June 10, 1863, of typhoid fever; W. H. Templeman, John Toms, dscharged at Davenport, December 17, 1863, for disability; Hiram Toms, wounded severely in the arm and head, at Winchester, Va., September 19, 1864; Calvin Workman, discharged at Iron Mountain, Mo., June 17, 1863, for disability; John D.Woff", transferr- ed January 15, 1864, to Invalid Corps; Samuel Q. White, died at Milli- ken's Bend, L,a., April 8, 1863, of typhoid fever; Thomas J. Workman, died at New Orleans, La., November 17, 1863, of chronic diarrhea; Bing- ham Wood, wounded slightly at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863; Will- iam C. Warren, discharged for disability at Davenport, January 10, 1864; Barnett Workman, discharged at Rolla, Mo., December 18, 1862, for disability; Cyrus Wical, John M. Yockey, wounded severely in the left hand at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863. Additional Enlistments. — Privates: Albert T.Baker, enlisted Febru- ary 17, 1864, wounded slightly, October 19, 1864, at Cedar Creek, Va.; Theodore S. Baker, enlisted August 17, 1864; Francis B. Burdick, enlisted Jan. 16, 1864; Andrew L. Crain, enlisted February 22, 1864, captured October 19, 1864, at Cedar Creek, Va.; Robert Haddock, enlisted Feb- ruary 24, 1864; William O. Huss, enlisted February 22, 1864; Charles Kepford, enlisted February 25, 1864, wounded slightly October 19, 1864, at Cedar Creek, Va.; Jaspar M. Templeman, enlisted February 17, 1864; James M. Templeman, enlisted February 22, 1864; Thomas Wood, enhsted January 16, 1864. 494 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Company H. — Enlisted during August and September, 1862. John Shraeder, captain; James L. Perry, first lieutenant; Daniel W. Hender- son, second lieutenant; John Walt, first sergeant, captured at Winchester, Va., September 19, 1864, died of typhoid fever, April 5, 1865, at Marengo; David N. Minor, second sergeant, killed in battle at Winchester, Va., September 19, 1864; Jacob Bollenbach, third sergeant, wounded May 22, 1863, at Vicksburg, Miss., and died of wounds at Memphis, Tenn., June 8, 1863; Joseph R. Chandler, fourth sergeant, wounded slightly at Vicks- burg, May 22, 1863; Lyman Worden, Jr., fifth sergeant; George W. Rey- nolds, first corporal, wounded severely at Cedar Creek, Va., October 19, 1864, and died of wounds October 31, 1864, at Winchester, Va.; Charles Y. Hartley, second corporal; Frederick W. Fuhmeister, third corporal; discharged at Vicksburg, Miss., August 9, 1863, for disability; Charles C. Wyatt, fourth corporal; wounded at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863, in the right foot, and transferred to invalid corps, April 10, 1864; Andrew J. DeVault, fifth corporal; died of typhoid pneumonia, near Vicksburg, Miss., June 3, 1863; Adam Luberknecht, sixth coporal, wounded May 22, 1863, at Vicksburg, Miss., in the right shoulder; Vincent F. Lilly, seventh corporal, killed in battle at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863; John M. Kreiger, eighth corporal, wounded at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863, and died of wounds May 25, 1863, near Vicksburg; William H. Stiles, musician; Rice Rowe, wagoner, enlisted August 11, 1862, and died Au- gust 24, 1863, at Memphis, Tenn.; Thomas Featherston, wagoner. Pr/z'«/e?5.— Joseph W. Armstrong, wounded slightly at Winchester, Va., September 19, 1864; Jacob G. Baylor, William O. Beam, enlisted Septem- ber 14, 1862; wounded in the left hip and right cheek at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863, discharged for disability at Davenport, November 25, 1863; Benjamin F. Berger, wounded severely May 22, 1863, at Vicksburg, Miss., and died of wounds at Memphis, Tenn., June 3, 1863; Charles C. Boget, Anthony Bower, captured at Winchester, Va., September 19, 1864, died of prison diarrhea, at Monroe, March 27, 1865; Addison Booth, wounded at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863, arm amputated; Pleasant P. Card- well, wounded severely in both feet May 22, 1863, discharged at Daven- port, December 26, 1865; John W. Carmichael, wounded in the head and thigh at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863, wounded in the head at Wm- chester, Va., September 19, 1864; Nelson B. Churchill, discharged at Iron Mountain, Mo., March 25, 1863, for disabiHty; Allen Cloud, wounded in the left arm at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, discharged September 14, 1863, at Memphis, Tenn., f f r disability; Samuel Coughenour, wounded at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863, died October 5, 1863, at New Orleans, La., of chronic diarrhea; Joseph Clure, captured at Winchester, Va., Sep- tember 19, 1864; Jacob Davis, wounded May 22, 1863, at Vicksburg, fin- ger amputated; John Davis, wounded severely in both hips at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863, and died of wounds at Memphis, Tenn., June 23, 1863; HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 495 Jeremiah Daniels, wounded May 1, 1863, at Port Gibson, Miss., and at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, captured at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864; Sylvester Deen, killed in battle at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1S63; ■ Henry F. Devault, Alexander Dunahugh, discharged for disability at Rolla, Mo., June 12, 1863, Caleb L. Eddy, wounded severely in the right hip, at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863; Geo. W. Flint, Charles E. Flint, Elijah Fordice, transferred to invalid corps March 15, 1864; Peter Z. Fowler, Wm. J, Gamant, enlisted Aug. 5, 1862, discharged for disabil- ity, at Rolla, Mo., Feb. 8, 1863; Ackless W. Geeslin, Geo. M. Goforth, Edward H. Goodisson, wounded in the hand at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863; Horace H, Grosvenor, Thomas Griffiths, John Hall, died at Benton Barracks, Mo., Aug. 13, 1863, of chronic diarrhea; Wm. H. Hast- ings, wounded slightly at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863; Geo. F. Heminger, wounded severely at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863, and died of wounds June 8, 1863, at Memphis, Tenn.; John C. Hieber, James T. Holt, wounded Oct. 19, 1864, at Cedar Creek, Va., severely in the leg; William G. Hodge, transferred July 1, 1864, to veteran reserve corps; Elias P. Huffman, wounded May 22, 1863, at Vicksburg, in the right breast, and discharged at Memphis, Tenn., Aug. 14, 1863, for disability; Gabriel M. Huffman, captured near Lavacca, Texas, Jan. 22, 1864; George Hunt, wounded in the right arm and shoulder at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863, transferred, May 1, 1864, to invalid corps; EHsha B. Judson, wounded in the face at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863; James M. Largent, wounded severely at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863, died of typhoid fever at Memphis, Tenn., May 26, 1864; Jonathan L. Largent, severely wounded at Vicksburg, June 10, 1863, and died near there June 24, 1863, of wounds; Henry Lingel, discharged at Rolla, Mo., Dec. 12, 1862, for disability; Charles E. Lelly, Benjamin Markley, Jacob F. Martin, wounded at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863; Albert H. Maxwell, Joseph Middleton, wounded severely May 22, 1863, at Vicksburg, Miss., and died near there of wounds May 28, 1863; Alexander Miller, captured at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864, died while prisoner of war at Salisbury, N. C, June 26, 1865; Alfred Nicholas, wounded in the head and leg at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863; John Olston, died at Vicksburg, Miss., June 26, 1863; Gabriel H. Patten, Jacob F. Pfeft, wounded in the knee at Vicksburg, Miss., and in the arm at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864; Albert H. Parsel, Edwin C. Peregoy, wounded severely at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, and died there May 24, 1863; Maleon Phillips, discharged at St. Louis, for disabil- ity, Dec. 11, 1862; Emmor T. Pickerill, wounded at Jackson, Miss., July 14, 1863; Sylvanus B. Rowe, Charles Rickard, Wm. H. H. Rosbough, severely wounded at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863, and died May 27, of wounds, near Vicksburg; Robert G. Shuey, wounded severely at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863, discharged at Davenport, Nov. 23, 1863, for disability; Jerome Smart, killed in battle at Vicksburg; William S. 496 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Smart, discharged Oct. 7, 1804; at New Orleans, La., for disability; James W. Stearns, captured at Winchester, Sept. 19, 1864, died at Monroe» April 6, 1865, of typhoid fever; Alexander F. Stewart, Jared Strauser, captured at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864; Benjamin Tripp, wounded severely in the arm at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863; Luther Ulum, wounded slightly at Winchester, Va.; William A. Ulum, wounded slightly at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863; William Weed, wounded at Vicks- burg, May 22, 1862, in the leg; Charles A. Weed, wounded severely in the shoulder at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863; John T. Whittington, killed in battle at Port Gibson, Miss., May 1, 1863-; William Winterstein, Francis M. Williams, Jacob Zeller, wounded at Jackson, Miss., July 12, and died July 14, 1863, of wounds, near Jackson; Alexander Zike, wounded in the arm May 1, 1863, at Port Gibson, Miss. Additional Enlistments, — Privates: Marion Blaylock, unlisted Nov. 19, 1863, wounded at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864; Wesley Harrich, enlisted March 30, 1864; Aaron Linderwood, enlisted March 26, 1864; Wilson S. Nicholas, enlisted March 20, 1864; James K. P. Rowe, enlisted Feb. 26, 1864, wounded in the leg, severely at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864; Jonathan Ulum, enlisted March 24, 1864; William Winterstein enlisted March 26, 1864. Company I. — Enlisted Aug. 18, 1862. James Robertson, captain was corporal in company B, First Infantry; James W.TSterling, first lieutenant Westel W. Morsman, commissioned second lieutenant Sept. 9, 1862; Nicholas C. Messenger, first sergeant, captured at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863; Joseph E. Grifiith, second sergeant; Thomas C. Wyers third sergeant, discharged for disability at Baton Kouge, La., July 6, 1864; James W. Bane, fourth sergeant; Almon S. Danton, fifth sergeant; James McElroy, first corporal, discharged at Iron Mountain, Mo., 'March 6, 1863, for disability; Eli Butler, second corporal, captured at Vicksburg, May 22, 1862; Morgan B. Hartsock, third corporal; Silas Poland, fourth corporal; Thomas D, Davies, fifth corporal;JohnW. Poland, sixth corporal, wounded slightly at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864; James B. Mathews, seventh corporal; James Bonham, eighth corporal; John Edly, musician ; John B. T. Guffen, musician; Daniel Mangus, wagoner, enlisted Aug. 18, 1862. Privates. — Leander L. Bonham, Edward Breese, Aaron R, Beall, Clement W. Baker, William R. Chapman, discharged at St. Louis, Mo., August 10, 1863, for disability; Samuel B. Clapp, Oliver Crocker, cap- tured at Cedar Creek, Va., October 19, 1864; William Crawford, Josiah A. Corlett, private in Company B, First Infantry; John W. Dunlap, dis- charged November 17, 1862, died at Iowa City, soon after; William G. Dorothet, Calvin Duke, James J. Edmonds, discharged March 6, 1863, at Iron Mountain, Mo., for disabihty; Arzel Edmonds, died December 28, 1862, at Rolla, Mo., of bilious fever; George A. Edmonds, captured at Winchester, September 19, 1864; John Ellermann, Joshua Fowle, Samuel HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 497 J. Forbes, Jacob H. Farver, died at Memphis, Tenn., June 27, 1863, dis- ease; Marshall D. Fry, killed in battle near Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863; William Griffin, Griffith W. Griffiths, died of chronic diarrhea, at Bermuda Hundred, Va., July 29, 1864; William Gaunt, discharged for disability at Vicksburg, Miss., May 30, 1863; James L. Griffith, wounded severely and captured at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, and died there of wounds. May 24, 1864; John Hale, killed in battle at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863; John R. Hughes, Thomas J. Hughes, discharged for disability June 17, 1863; William Haines, wounded at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863, slightly in the head; George W. Hamilton, wounded slightly July — , 1863, at Jackson, Miss.; Noah F. Harrington, Edwin W. Hamlin, killed in bat- tle at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863; Thomas P. Jones, discharged for disa- bility, June 17, 1863; Joseph Jackson, wounded May 22, 1863, at Vicks- burg, and died at that place May 25, 1863, of wounds; Christopher KofF, died at St. Louis, May 14, 1863, of disease; John W. Kerns, discharged for disability February 12, 1864; Martin L. Kirk, killed at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863; John Llebis, George Larkham, John B. Lamb, killed in battle at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863; Wilbur F. Mills, F. M. McReynolds, wounded slightly at Winchester, Va., September 19, 1864; Thomas E. Marsden, John Nuser, Tolbert Poland, discharged at New Orleans, No- vember 8, 1864, for disability; Edward Pepler, discharged for disability at Carrolton, La., August 31, 1863; Daniel Ross, Nicholas Russell, enlisted August 18, 1862, killed in battle at Vicksburg, Miss., June 3, 1863; Wal- ter K. Saxton, discharged June 16, 1863, for disability; George E. Smith, John E. Stansbury, Horatio A. Swasey, captured November 24, 1863; Edwin Trine, David K. Trine, wounded slightly at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863; John Timberlake, Seth Talbott, WilHam Wood, wounded slightly at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, died at Memphis Tenn., June 2, 1863, of lock- jaw; Trollies Wheeler, discharged July 5, 1864, for disease of the lungs; Gilford M. Wright, died at Vicksburg, Miss., July 12, 1863, of chronic diarrhea; Stephen W. White, discharged for disability at Rolla, Mo., December 16, 1862; Simeon Woodling, died at Rolla, October 27, 1862, of measles; Uriah M. Kimberly, killed in battle at Winchester, Va., Sep- tember 19, 1864. Company ^.—Enlisted during August, 1862. George W. Clark, cap- tain; John Francisco, first lieutenant; Thomas Morrison, second lieuten- ant, commissioned Sept. 9, 1862; Oliver P. Hull, first sergeant; John Monro, second sergeant, discharged at St. Louis, 'for disability, Feb. 14, 1863; Henry H. Rose, third sergeant, reduced to ranks, Dec. 23, 1862; Mathias W. Stover, third sergeant, promoted from fifth sergeant, Dec. 23, 1862, wounded severely at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, right arm amput- ated, transferred to Invalid corps, Sept. 1, 1863; Alexander H. Brown, fourth sergeant, promoted commissary sergeant, Dec. 23, 1862; David Higbee, fourth sergeant, promoted from first corporal; Thomas Ater, 498 • HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. fifth sertreant, promoted from private; David Cleveland, first corporal, promoted from private; Michael Yoakum, second corporal; Albert Shel- ton, third corporal, discharged June 17, 1863, for disability; William Swayze, fourth corporal, reduced to ranks Oct. 9, 1862; Solomon Stark, fourth corporal, killed in battle at Vicksburg, June 24, 1863; Martin Swedensky, fifth corporal, killed in battle at Vicksburg, June 1, 1862; William J. Oldacre, sixth corporal, captured Oct. 19, 1864, at Cedar Creek, Va.; Joseph O'Dorstal, seventh corporal; Price Selby, eighth corporal; Jacob A. Fry, musician, discharged in Louisana, April 27, 1863, for disa- bility; Charles Lodge, musician; John W. Selby, musician, enlisted Aug. 10, 1862; Paul Miller, musician, promoted from private; Daniel D. Con- rad, wagoner, discharged Jan. 18, 1864, for disability. Privates. — Karl Bedner, captured Feb. 22, 1864; Weizel Bemish, died at Baton Rouge, La., Sept. 10, 1864, of chronic diarrheo; Isaiah F. Bair, Charles Bowen, captured at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864; Jacob Bit- ner, wounded severelv in the leg at Fisher's Hill, Va., Sept. 22, 1864; Loren G. Cutler, mustered into service Sept. 3, 1862, captured at Win- chester, Sept. 19, 1864; Joseph Dworak, Jacob H. Detwiler, enlisted Aug. 14, 1862; John Douglass, Henry C.Douglass, enlisted Aug. 14, 1862, died at St. Louis, July 23, 1863, of chronic diarrhea; Frederick G. Ealy, Sam- uel Fesler, wounded slightly. May 22, 1863, at Vicksburg; James J. Fow- ler, John J. Frank, Isaac Gillam, George W. Green, John Holbreck, Joseph Horack, John Heck, Joseph Holubar, William J. Hiler, transferred Jan. 15, 1864, to Invalid corps; Thomas Huston, Edward Harris, discharged April 19, 1863; William C. Haynes, George W. Horner, Thomas J. John- son, John Klima, Frank Kouecny, James J. Lewis, Thomas Moore, dis- charged for disability, March 6, 1863; George W. Moore, died June 18, 1863, at St. Louis, Mo., of chronic diarrhea; Lyman W. McKenzie, dis- charged Oct. 23, 1863, tor disability; Franc Mezik, discharged for disa- bility, Feb. 2, 1864; John R. McNamara, John Mcllree, killed in battle at Vicksburg, Miss., Ma}^ 22, 1863; Patrick Monaghan, wounded severely in the neck at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863; John M. Oldacre, John Pospishil, Aaron Plum, discharged Aug. 16, 1863, for disability; Aaron L. Rob- inson, died at Cairo, Ills., May 8, 1863, of chronic diarrhea; Alfred Rich- ardson, Thomas Simmons, Albert Skrabal, discharged April 10, 1864, at Matagorda Island, Texas, for disability; Jacob Sigafoose, died of typhoid fever, at Milliken's Bend, La., April 6, 1863; Lewis F. Sigafoose, Jacob Stover, wounded sHghtly at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864; Anthony Shoti; William Swayze, Thomas Skriban, Sylv. Starkweather, William Snider, Simon Taylor, John Teeter, was in company B, first infantry, wounded in the arm at Vicksburg, June 4, 1863, discharged Nov. 3, 1863, for disability; Benjamin Vancleave, John M. Williamson, killed in battle at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863; Franklin W. White, discharged June 16, 1863, for disability; William Whitmore, Lewis Wigton, John Wiseman, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. . 499 Joseph Yaworski, discharged for disabihty, June 16, 1863; Alvis Yawor- ski, Wenzel Zika, wounded slightly at Port Gibson, Miss., May 1, 1863, captured at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864; Joseph Leipert, mustered out with regiment; Frank Placek, mustered out with regiment. TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY. Comfany B. — Norman O. Lovejoy, discharged July 13, 1864, for disa- bility. TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. Company B. — Additional Enlistments, Privates: James Fletcher enlisted March 31, 1864, wounded in the arm severely, at Winchester, September 19, 1864; Peter Garver, enhsted March 30, 1864; John M. Guthrie, enlisted March 30, 1864; Jacob Hurrel, enlisted March 30, 1864; John Sennat, enlisted March 31, 1864. Company C. — Additional Enlistments. James Leslie, private, enlisted March 22, 1864, for three years. Company Z^.— Enlisted during August, 1862. Jacob B. Casebeer, cap- tain; John H.Branch, second lieutenant, resigned on account of ill health, November 8, 1862; Charles A. Lucas, second lieutenant, promoted from second sergeant, December 16, 1862; Benjamin F. Bivins, fourth ser- geant, discharged for promotion to second lieutenant; Thirteenth Regi- ment, Corps D'Afrique, at New Orleans, La., January 2, 1864; Jeremiah B. Swaftbrd, first corporal, wounded in the knee at Champion Hills, Miss., May 16, 1863; William Ferguson, second corporal, William E. Berry, fourth corporal, enlisted August 7, 1862, wounded slightly at Winchester, Va., September 19, 1864; David W. Parrott, seventh corporal, DeWitt C. Holmes, eighth corporal, captured at Cedar Creek, Va., October 19, 1864. Privates. — Lyman Bartletl, captured at Cedar Creek, Va., October 19, 1864; Isaac S. Bowers, killed in action at Champion Hills, Miss., May 16, 1863; C. Bumgardner, wounded at Champion Hills, wounded severely at Winchester, September 19, 1864, and died there of wounds October 8, 1864; Thomas R. Chandler, wounded severely in the leg and thigh, at Winchester, September 19, 1864, discharged January 21, 1865, for wounds; Samuel Cozine, wounded at Champion Hills, Miss., May 16, 1863; John N. Clark, died February 11, 1863, at Helena, Arkansas, of disease; Amzy Caldwell, died April 16, 1864, of disease; James B. Ford, Lorin E. Grout, James Hemmingway, Jr., killed in action at Champion Hills, Miss., May 16, 1863; Franz Herger,John E. Jayne, wounded shght- ly at Champion Hills, May 16, 1863; Simon Krouth, killed in action. May 16, 1863, at Champion Hills, Miss.; Thomas E. Langdon, killed in action at Champion Hills, May 16, 1863; Rufus Lumbard, wounded at Helena, Ark., January 1, 1863, transferred April 10, 1864, to InvaHd Corps; Isaac Miller, wounded at Winchester, Va., September 19, 1864, in the thigh 500 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. and foot; John U. Miiler, Albert G. Moore, wounded severely at Cham- pion Hills, Miss., May 16, 1863, and died at that place June 12, 1863, of wounds; Adam Nichle, died at Davenport February 24, 1864, of disease; Isaac Newton, wounded at Champion Hills, in the foot, discharged for wounds June 21, 1864; Francis M. L. Newton, Albert J. Reeder, enlisted August 22, 1862, discharged January 29, 1863, for disability; Israel M. Ritter, wounded severely September 19, 1864, at Winchester, Va., and died thereof wounds, October 4, 1864; John S. Ring, David Steinberger, killed in action at Champion Hills, Miss., January 16, 1863; Enoch Williams Charles Westenhaver, died at St. Louis, February 13, 1863. Additional Enlistments. — Jacob Goodsher, enlisted October 10, 1862, died at Helena, December 29, 1862; John F. Warner, enlisted October 11, 1S62; Sylvester Akerley, enlisted March 12, 186i; Robert T. Axtell, enlisted March 14, 1864, for one year; Marion F. Ardray, enlisted March 30, 1864, died January 25, 1865, at Frederick City, Maryland, of chronic diarrhea; Thomas Evans, enlisted March 9, 1864, wounded September 19, 1864, died of wounds at Baltimore, November 15, 1864; Orin B* Ford,enlisted March 5, 1864, wounded in the thigh at Cedar Creek, Virginia, October 19, 1864; John S. Foote, enlisted February 10, 1862, wounded at Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, April 9, 1864, dis- charged at New Orleans, December 16, for inflammation of the bowels; Edmund C. C. Geary, enlisted March 15, 1864, taken prisoner at Cedar Creek, Virginia, died at Salisbury, North Caro- lina, November 25, 1864, while prisoner of war; Riley Geary, enlisted March 9, 1864; John W. Gordon, enlisted March 26, 1864; Philip H. Ger- man, enlisted March 31, 1864; Jason Hurley, enlisted March 4, 1864; Wil- liam A. J. Hill, enlisted March 30, 1864, captured at Cedar Creek, Vir- ginia, October 19, 1864; Charlie W. Hill, enlisted March 28, 1864, died at Baltimore, Maryland, December 9,1864; Samuel Hopkins, enlisted March 30, 1864; David P. Hawthorne, enlisted March 26, 1864, wounded severely, and captured at Cedar Creek, Viginia, October 19, 1864, discharged for wouuds at Davenport, January 25, 1865; Lafayette Hawthorne, enlisted March 26, 1864, died at Keokuk July 21, 1864, of disease; Edmond F. Holcomb, enlisted March 26, 1864, died of pneumonia at Memphis, Ten- nessee, May 5, 1864; Timothy Hunter, enlisted February 27, 1864, died May 20, 1864, of disease; Bradley A. Herrington, enlisted December 29 1863; Samuel Jones, enlisted March 16, 1864; John Knott, enlisted March 31, 1864,, wounded in the hand at Cedar Creek, October 19, 1864, transferred to veteran reserve corps; Noah Miller, enlisted March 9, 1864, died at New Orleans, April 9, 1864; John C. Ohl, enlisted March 12, 1864; Charles W. Romp, enlisted March 26, 1864, ca'ptured near Newmarket, Virginia, September 24, 1864; Sooter Spillaian, enlisted March 7, 1864, wounded severely at Winchester September 19, 1864; John E. Spencer, enlisted March 25, 1864: Charles W. Tappan, enlisted HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 501 February 27, 1864; Christopher Tappan, enlisted February 27, 1864, died of gangrene at St. Louis, Missouri, July 28, 1864; Joseph A. Trimble, enlisted March 31, 1864; John M. Trimble, enlisted March 25, 1864; Cor- nelius M. Westfall, enlisted March 29, 1864, woundsd at Winchester, Vir- ginia, September 19, 1864, died of wounds October 14, 1864; Jeremiah Walker, enlisted March 26, 1864; Charles W. White, enlisted March 26, 1864; Clark H. Stewart, enlisted January 28, 1865, died of fever at Beau- fort, South Carolina, April 11, 1865. Company /^ — Additional Enlistments^ Privates: Lewis E. Curts, enlisted March 25, 1864; Charles H. Colman, enlisted March 22, 1864; George S. Currie, enlisted March 31, 1864; Abram Hershey, enlisted March 30, 1864, died at Carrolton, La., June 13, 1864; Isaac Johnson enlisted March 22, 1864; Abram E. Kurtz, enlisted Mar. 25, 1864; Simon P. Myers, enlisted March 21, 1864; James M. Mushon, enlisted March 25, 1864; Alfred J. Runkel, enlisted March 25, 1864. Company H. — David H. Helm, enlisted Feb. 29, 1864, additional enlist- ment. Recruits — Companies Unknown. Privates: Harrison Belle, enlisted March 14, 1864; Silas Munn, enlisted March 16, 1864; Edmond M. Sheldon, enlisted Oct. 31, 1864; David Caspar enlisted Jan. 25, 1865, for two years; Clark H. Steward, enlisted Jan. 28, 1865, for one year. TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. Fieldand Staf. — Clark S. Kirkwood, adjutant, commissioned Aug. 20, 1862, wounded severely in the leg at Arkansas Post, Jan. 11, 1863. TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. Field and Staff. — William E. Miller, colonel, commissioned Aug. 10, 1862; James E. Pritchard, adjutant, commissioned Aug. 15, 1862; Thomas Hughes, quartermaster, commissioned Aug. 15, 1862; David Stewart, assistant surgeon, commissioned Sept. 16, 1862; J. Gardener Strong, ser- geant major, appointed Oct. 10, 1862; Joseph R. Snavely, quartermaster sergeant, appointed Oct. 10,1862, died Aug. 18, 1863, of disease; Edward Epeneter, commissionary sergeant, appointed Oct. 10, 1862. Cojnpany B — Additional Enlistments : Stephen Hunt, private, enlisted Jan, 18, 1864, for three years. Company E. — Officers commissioned Oct. 10, 1862. David Stewart, captain, promoted to assistant surgeon, Dec. 27, 1862; Daniel A. Shafer, first lieutenant; Scott Houseworth, second lieutenant, appointed Aug. 14, 1862; William J. Huff", first sergeant; George M. Williams, second ser- geant; Michael D. Lininyer, third sergeant; Samuel Green, fourth ser- geant; John C. Camberlain, fifth sergeant, transferred Dec. 1, 1863, to Invalid corps; John A. Yarrick, first corporal; Alexander Riley, second 32 502 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. corporal; Augustus J. Georgia, third corporal, discharged; Mahlon S. Abbott, fourth corporal; Thomas J. Brown, fifth corporal, discharged; John Colony, sixth corporal; Benj. V. Leroy, seventh corporal, died at St. Louis, Jan. 29, 1863; John S. Hillman, eighth corporal; Sabert Ramsey, musician, enlisted Aug. 11, 1862; Jonathan Alloway, musician, wounded in the thigh at Berwick, La., March 7, 1864; James H. Anderson, wag- oner. Privates. — Enlisted from August 9 to 14, 1862. Simon P. Alloway, discharged July 18, 1863, for disabilit}^; John Andrews, missing at Win- chester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864; William Alexander, Hugh Bowman, killed in battle at Champion Hills, Miss., May 16, 1863; Elias C. Brant, Daniel J. Beltz, discharged for disability, Dec. 24, 1863; John Breneman, captured Oct. 5, 1862; Thos. L. Clark, Patrick H. Conroy, wounded severely at Cedar Creek, Va., and died of wounds at Davenport, Dec. 28, 1864; Mar- tin Campion, wounded slightly and captured at Winchester, Sept. 19, 1864; Isaac Charlton, died at New Orleans, July 16, 1864; John Cooney, Leroy W. Chamberlain, died at Helena, Ark., April 6, 1863, disease; William W. Clark, died of disease, May 5, 1863; Robert B. Clark, James Dicus, captured at Winchester, Sept. 19, 1864; Jacob V. Day, Charles H. Denni- son, died at Vicksburg, Miss., June 24, 1863, of disease; James Ewings, died Feb. 13, 1863, disease; Henry S. Eberly, wounded in the leg severely, at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19. 1864; Joseph Frazer, wounded slightly at Cedar Creek, Va.; Sylvester S, Georgia, captured near Mansfield, La., April 8, 1864; Nathan Gould, William Grace, John Hofer, Elias Hawk,, wounded April 8, 1864, discharged Jan. 5, 1865, for wounds; Milo Hig- gins, died at Memphis, Tenn., July 20, 1863, of disease; Aaron Higgins, discharged for disability, April 11, 1865; Francis Hughes, Felix Hughes, captured at Sabine Cross Roads, La., April 8, 1864; Charles E. Kyte, wounded slightly at Winchester; Alexander Lewis, Thomas Laughlin, Alex. L. Moorland, wounded at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864; WiUiam H. Mannen, Horace Maynard, captured at Champion Hills, Miss., May 20, 1863; Amos Moreland, captured April 8,1864; Lewis McKee, Lonard Mannen, John E. Moreland, Jacob Miller, George Norris, Henry Nichols, discharged for disability, March 20, 1863, at St. Louis; David Orris, John Omalia, missing at Champion Hills, May 16,1863; William Pifer, Patrick Pettitt, Daniel P. Roberts, wounded May 16, 1863, at Champion Hills, Miss., discharged Dec. 16, 1863, for disability; John C. Riley, David P. Robertson, capt^ired April 8, 1864; Thomas N. Roberts, wounded slightly, at Winchester; John Shulthise, discharged Feb. 29, 1864, for disability; Richard Stonebreaker, discharged for disability, Feb. 29, 1864; Michael F. Suavely, Henry H. Slough, discharged Feb. 1, 1864, for disability; Philip Smith, John W. Stonebreaker, killed in battle at Champion Hills, Miss., May 16, 1863; William W. Steel, Phillip Vastine, William P. Wil- son, wounded July 22, 1862, at Black River, Miss., lost right eye; Jere- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 503 miah Wilson, wounded severely at Cedar Creek, Va,, Oct. 19, 1864, dis- charged for wounds, Jan. 5, 1865; Alonzo E. Woodling, Samuel Wagner, John Weno, wounded May 16, 1863, at Champion Hills, Miss., and died of wounds at that place, June 10th following; Peter Woodling, died Jan. 27, 1863; David Wilson, Johnson C. Wilson, wounded slightly at Win- chester, Sept. 19, 1864; John Yuizy, died May 15, 1863, at Milliken's Bend, La., of disease; Samuel Yutzy, William Joslin, enlisted Feb. 25, 1864, drowned at Baton Rouge, La., May 20, 1864. Company F. — Charles Lounsberry, enlisted Aug. 15, 1862, wounded atCeder Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864. Company G — Additional Enlistments. Privates: Joel A. Fowler, enlisted March 16, 1864; William Hassenkamp, enlisted March 22, 1864; Alfred S. Rogers, enlisted March 18, 1864. Company H. — John R. McCormick, musician, appointed August 15, 1862; William Willson, private, enlisted August 21, 1862, discharged at Helena, Ark., Feb. 24, 1864, for disability. Company I. — Henry W. Sailer, second lieutenant, commissioned Oct. 10, 1862; Gardner J. Strong, private, enlisted Aug. 16, 1862. Recruits — Companies Unkmnvn. — Charles F. Hubner, private, enlisted March 12, 1864, for three years; Francis M. Marmen, enlisted Feb. 3, 1864. THIRTIETH INFANTRY. Company K. — Hiram Watts, private, enlisted August 16, 1862; George F. Williamson, private, enlisted August 16, 1862, transferred to invalid corps, Sept. 30, 1863. THIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY. Recruits — Comfany Unknown. Privates: James Schee, enlisted March 31, 1864, for three years; Abel F, Wilson, enlisted for three 3^ears, March 31, 1864, second enlistment. THIRTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. Company I. — David Gilliland, enlisted Aug. 15, 1862, discharged Sept. 4, 1863, for disability. THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. William Rose, private, enlisted Feb. 1, 1864, company unknown. THIRTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. Field and StaJ^.-—L,ym-An Allen, major, commissioned Nov. 12, 1862; Prentise Ransom, quartermaster, commissioned Nov. 4, 1862. Company /?.— -Josiah W. McCaddon, captain, commissioned Dec. 15, 1862; John Madden, first sergeant, appointed Oct 1, 1862; Richard R. Rians, third sergeant, appointed Oct. 18, 1862, discharged March 2, 1865^ disability; Hiram S. Marble, fifth sergeant, appointed Oct. 28, 1862, dis- charged for disability Jan. 5, 1865; Jacob Button, first corporal, appointed 504: HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Oct. 28, 1862; Henry J. Schaub, third corporal, appointed Oct. 28, 1862; Ichabod R. Kimball, fifth corporal, appointed Oct. 28, 1862; John W. Mclntire, wagoner, appointed Oct. 28, 1862. Privates. — John Anson, enlisted September 27, 1862; Hiram P. Barber, enlisted September 17, 1862, discharged November 9, 1863, for disability; John A. Burley, enlisted September 16, 1862, died at Keokuk, September 4, 1864, disease; Adam Barnett, enlisted September 24, 1864; John Car- rail, enhsted September 23, 1862; John Conard, enlisted October 9, 1862, discharged September 24, 1864, disability; Michael Crenigan, enlisted August 11, 1862; Jacob Delamater, enhsted September 2, 1862, discharged January 26, 1865, for disability; James Dalen, enhsted October 22, 1862, discharged for disability December 17, 1864; George Denus, enlisted September 22, 1862; John Dalby, enlisted November 3, 1862; John B. Enslow, enlisted October 16, 1862; Louis Englert, enhsted November 1, 1862; James C. Fosbury, enhsted August 29, 1862; Wilham Ferguson, enhsted September 2, 1862, died March 15, 1863, of disease; James Fitz- gerald, enlisted September 9, 1862, discharged for disability December 30, 1864; Elisha Garrett, enlisted September 3, 1862, discharged at St. Louis, May 17,1863, disability; Andrew Greaser, enhsted September 30, 1862, died at St. Louis, April 18, 1863, of disease; Wilham Hetherington, enlisted August 30, 1862, died at St. Louis, March 14, 1863; Wilham Lemp, enlisted September 19, 1862; Wilham W. Maynard, enlisted Octo- ber 10, 1862, discharged September 24,1864, disabilty; Alanson Norcott, enlisted August 29, 1862, discharged for disability, September 25, 1864; Alexander Nicholas, enlisted November 14, 1862, discharged May 15, 1863, for disabihty; John Poland, enhsted September 2, 1862, died at St. Louis, February 25, 1863, of rheumatism; George Powell, enhsted October 6, 1862, died October 15, 1864, of disease; David Retesson, enhsted Novem- ber 10, 1862; Ira Rich, enhsted November 25, 1862, discharged May 17, 1865, for disability; George W. Schell, enhsted November 23, 1862; Dan- iel Storr, enhsted September 27, 1862; Harvey Weed, enhsted September 6, 1862; Walter Warren, enlisted October 1, 1862, discharged November 5, 1863, for disability. Recruits. — Corn-panics Unhioxun. — Privates. — James Dulen, enlisted October 22, 1862; John D. Enslow, enhsted October 16, 1862; Patrick Crinigan, enhsted October 11, 1862. FORTIETH INFANTRY. Field and Staff.— J ^3ivv son A. Duncan, adjutant, commissioned October 2,1862; William A. Denwiddie, hospital steward, appointed September 20, 1862. Company C. — George Dogan, enlisted August 15, 1862. FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY. Field and Staff.— ]o\\n Pattee, major, promoted from captain Company HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 505 A, September 1, 1861; Eugene F. Trask, sergeant major, promoted from second sergeant Company B, November 16, 1862. Coinfany A. — John C. Rutan, first lieutenant, promoted from second lieutenant September 1, 1861; William Kelly, second sergeant, enlisted September 28, 1862; reduced to ranks at his own request, December 31, 1862; John W. Pritchard, eighth corporal, enlisted September 28, 1861, Josiah W. Davis, musician, enlisted September 25, 1861; Gustavus Em- merson, wagoner, mustered into service October 23, 1861, discharged April 5, 1863, disability. Privates. — Mustered in October 23, 1861. James Andrews, William Bliss, Thomas Hetherington, James Howlett, T. V. B. Johnson, William W. Jones, James Junk, Isaac B. Kissell, J. W. S. Lindley, Geo. Paul, Aloah Reed, William Reynolds, James Roberts, James Slaght, Edward Stewart, T. Thompkins. Additional Enlistinents. — Privates. John N. Reynolds, enlisted Oct. 28, 1861; William Truesdell, enlisted October 28, 1861; John Can, enlisted October 28, 1861; Richard Williams, enlisted October 28, 1861, discharged November 1, 1862, for disability. Company B. — Mustered in October 23, 1861. Bradley Mahana, cap- tain, was captain in company B, First Infantry; Malvin R. Luse, first lieutenant; Joseph F. Schell, second lieutenant; George W. Den- nis, first sergeant; Amos R. Cherry, second sergeant, enlisted October 1, 1861, promoted from fifth sergeant November 21, 1862; Horace B. Pumphrey, fourth sergeant, enlisted October 6, 1861, was in First Infantry, Company B; David Simmons, first corporal, no date of enlistment; Lambert A. Martin, second corporal; Shepherd Poland, fourth corporal; John T. Fisher, fifth corporal; Benjamin C. White, sixth corporal; Ezra E. Owen, seventh corporal; Henry Posey, eighth corporal; Henry J. "Wieneke, musician, enlisted October 23, 1861; William D. Mahana, musi- cian, enlisted October 23, 1861. Privates. — Samuel T.Adair George McAmlong; Ransom D. Amlong, Russell Bartlett, Francis M. Bell, Charles M. Bell, David Bell, enlisted October 6, 1862, discharged at Fort Randall, D.T., Nov. 1, 1862; William T. Boyd, enlisted October 5, 1862; Edward D. Brower, enlisted October 18, 1861; Joseph E, Bryson, enlisted October 21, 1861; William Buckley, enlisted October 15, 1861; Washington Butler, James Cambridge, Edward Cannon, Albert R. Clearman, Daniel Corderman, Charles Corning, Joseph T. Crouse, John Campbell, enlisted October 25, 1861; John W. Dickson, Josiah Duer, Robert Eason, Elish Garrett, Philip Heak, Robert L. Hin- chliff", Joseph Hippell, Riley E. Holloway, Sampson P. Hughes, Isaiah C. Jepson, William Junk, Samuel M. Kirk, John Macham, Jeremiah H. Miller, John McCart, enlisted October 5,1861; German McCardel, New- ton Mcllvain, discharged July 23, 1862, for disability; Joseph McElfish, 506 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. William A. McCaddon, Archibald McNeil, iMartin Nichols, Franklin Owens, discharged May 21, 1863, disability: Edward L. Pinne, Horace L. Page, Isaac Payn, James H. Poland, Robert Quinn, Robert Reed, Robert Riley, Alexander Ruth, William Schwab, Thomas Steward, Allowees Studer, Robert Smith, Eden H. Snook, Theodore Trimble, enlisted October 24, 1861; Roger Thompson, William O, Waldron, Isaac Waldron, enlisted October 10, 1861; James M. Welling, Samuel J. Wal- dron, Jackson Wicher, Wilson W. Wolf; Abner C. Wolf, Samuel B. Zim- merman. Additional Enlistment s. — Privates. Freeling Tallman, enlisted October 28, 1861; John P. Hoener, enlisted November 1, 1861. Company C. — Thomas Welch, private, mustered into service Oct. 23, 1861. FIRST CAVALRY. Field and Staff. — James O. Gower, colonel, enlisted June 13, 1861, pro- moted major from captain company F, Sept. 1, 1861, promoted colonel Aug. 26, 1862, resigned Aug. 20, 1863; Joseph C. Stone, adjutant, pro- moted from hospital steward Oct. 7, 1861, enlisted as private m com- pany F, promoted Aug. 8, 1861; Martin L. Morris, enlisted as private July 18, 1861, promoted quartermaster sergeant, promoted quartermaster Oct. 29, 1861; Milton B. Cochran, surgeon, commissioned July 29, 1861; John J. Sanders, hospital steward, enlisted July 18, 1861, promoted from 3d sergeant compan}' F, Oct. 10, 1861, dismissed Nov. 10, 1864; John Smitz, battalion saddler sergeant, promoted from saddler company F, Oct. 7, 1861, enlisted July 18, 1861; Samuel Mitchell, bugler, mustered into service Aug. 12, 1861, mustered out Dec. 1, 1862. Company F. — James O. Gower, captain, enlisted June 13, 1861, pro- moted major Sept. 1, 1861; Jomes R. Elliott, captain, promoted from first lieutenant Oct. 29, 1861, commissioned Sept. 23, 1861, resigned June 30, 1862; Philip E. Shafer, captain, promoted from first lieutenant July 1, 1862, commissioned Sept. 23, 1861, as second lieutenant, and pro- moted Oct. 29, 1861; Absalom J. Beeson, first sergeant, appointed quar- termaster sergeant Aug. 14, 1861, promoted Oct, 29, 1861, discharged May 1, 1863, for disability; Charles W. W. Dow, first sergeant, promoted from fourth sergeant Sept. 17, 1862, commissioned Aug. 1, 1861; David E. Morgan, quartermaster sergeant, promoted from second sergeant, enlisted July 18, 1861; Jacob L. Wyly, second sergeant, promoted from sixth corporal, enlisted June 13, 1861, reduced to ranks Nov. 19, 1862; Wm. F. Hamilton, fourth sergeant, from eighth corporal, enlisted July 18, 1861; James C. Haskins, fifth sergeant, appointed Aug. 1, 1861; Henry W. Shaver, sixth sergeant, from third corporal, enlisted as private June 13, 1861; Uberto E. Johnson, second corporal, enlisted July 18, 1861, killed at Warrensburg, Mo., March 29, 1862; Justin G. Patton, second corporal, enlisted as private Sept. 2, 1861, discharged March 3, 1863, for HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 507 disability; Carey R. Smith, fourth corporal, appointed Aug. 1, 1861, reduced to ranks Dec. 31, 1861; Charles A. Barlow, fifth corporal, appointed Aug. 1, 1861; Thomas D. Morgan, eighth corporal, from pri- vate, enlisted June 13, 1861, died at Springfield, Mo., Jan. 13, 1863, of pneumonia; James E. Wilson, eighth corporal, from private, enlisted June 13, 1861; Richard L. Hoxie, bugler, discharged June 15, 1864; Thomas Clarke, farrier, enlisted July 18, 1861, discharged Sept. 29, 1862, for disa- bility; James J. Bell, farrier, enlisted Aug. 6, 1861. Privates. — Enlisted July 18, 1861. Daniel Austin, John Bolton, re-enlisted Jan. 1, 1864; William J. Bowen, discharged, March 6, 1862, for disability; John Corlett, re-enHsted Jan. 1, 1864; James S. Catlin, died at Little Rock, Ark., Nov. 12, 1863, of chronic diarrhea; James Convey, died Jan. 9, 1862, of wounds at Silver Creek, Mo.; John Hamilton, Henry C. Hamlin, Moses F. Johnson, died at Clarendon, Ark., Aug. 3,1863, of disease; Joseph Latta, discharged near Sedalia, Mo., April 22, 1862; James McCormick, John R. Sumner, Emery F. Stratton, discharged for disabil- ity, March 4, 1862; Thomas A. Williamson, died Sept. 2, 1863, of disease; James C. Wilson, Isaiah P. Wilson. Additional Enlistments — Privates. — George W. Mitchell, enlisted Aug. 6, 1861; Justin G. Patton, enlisted Sept. 2, 1861 ; Loren R. Craig, enlisted Aug, 16, 1862, re-enlisted Jan. 1, 1864; James L. Calvert, enlisted Aug. 23, 1862, re-enlisted Jan. 1, 1862; Joseph G. Hise, enlisted Aug. 19, 1862. Unassigned Recruits. — ^John L. Bolding, enlisted Jan. 30, 1864; William D. Boyd, enlisted Sept. 28, 1864; Bersilla R. Carpenter, enlisted March 10, 1864; Silas H. Emery, enlisted Feb. 4, 1864; John A. Morrow, enlisted March 11, 1864; Ezra Poole, enlisted March 9, 1864; James Poole, enlisted Feb. 29, 1864; Robert M. Tillotson, enlisted Feb. 1, 1864; Thomas J. Whetstine, enlisted March 11, 1864. SECOND CAVALRY. Field and Staff . — Hiram W. Love, major, promoted from captain, com- pany H, Sept. 1.5, 1861; Melville B. C. True, quartermaster sergeant, from quartermaster sergeant second battalion, re-assigned to company H Jan. 23, 1863; Joseph P. Dunn, saddler sergeant, promoted from saddler, company G, enlisted Aug. 30, 1861; Allen Ivens, battalion saddler ser- geant, promoted from saddler company H, enlisted as private Oct. 1, 1861, returned to company Oct. 1, 1862; T. S. Magill musician, promoted from bugler, company H. enlisted Aug. 14, 1861; re-transferred to company, Aug. 26, 1862. " Company B. — Richard M. Hampton, 2d lieutenant, mustered in Oct. 10, 1861, resigned June 18, 1862; John C. Robinson, private, enlisted Aug. 30, 1861. Additional Enlistments. — Ebenezer Hartwell, enlisted Aug. 25, 1862, died at Farmington Miss., Jan. 29, 1863; William L. Huston, enlisted Aug. 19, 1862; Frederic A. Loening, enlisted Sept. 16, 1862; Charles S. 608 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Mason, enlisted Au^. 19, 1862; John Zacharenck, enlisted Aug. 15, 1862. Company C. — Mothos Helmer, enlisted Aug. 16, 1862, additional enlist- ment. Company D. — Kirk wood Clark, private, enlisted Aug. 2, 1861, Jacob F. Hahnenkratt, private, enlisted Aug. 2, 1861, wounded at West Point, Miss., Feb. 21, 1864; Cornelius Van Evry, enlisted April 3, 1862, addi- tional enlistment. Company F — Additio7ial Enlistments: Samuel J. Bell, enlisted April 3, 1862; James E. Colony, enlisted Dec. 30, 1863. Company G. — Ansell R. Clark, 1st sergeant, promoted from private, enlisted Sept. 21, 1861; Charles H. Hilton, 1st corporal, enlisted Aug. 30, 1861, promoted to -tth sergeant May 22, 1862, wounded severely at Boons- ville, Miss., May 30, 1862; David A. Reynolds, 8th corporal, enhsted as private Sept. 21, 1861, promoted Oct. 15, 1862. Privates. — James Lanier, enlisted Aug. 30, 1861, William Morfeitt enlisted Aug. 30, 1861; Caleb J. Russell, enlisted Aug. 30, 1861; Caleb Seet, enlisted Aug. 30, 1861, taken prisoner at Boonsville, Miss., May 30, 1862; George W. Wood, enlisted Aug. 30, 1861. Additional Enlistments. — Edwin Neems, enlisted Sept. 31, 1861, dis- charged for disability May 19, 1862. Company H. — Hiram W. Love, captain, enlisted Aug. 14, 1861, pro- moted major, 3d battalion; James P. Sanford, captain, mustered in as 1st lieutenant, Sept. 5, 1861, promoted Sept. 28, 1861, resigned May 3, 1862; Benjamin Owen, quartermaster sergeant, enlisted Aug. 20, 1861, promoted to 2d lieutenant, Oct. 10, 1861, captain. May 4, 1862, wounded and cap- tured at Farmington, Miss., May 9, 1862; B. Franklin Reno, 1st lieutenant, promoted from 2d lieutenant, enlisted Sept. 5, 1861, afterwards captain, and acting quartermaster United States veterans; George B. Harrington, 2d sergeant, enlisted Aug. 15, 1861, promoted to 1st sergeant, Nov. 4, 1862, 2d lieutenant June 4, 1862; Charles W. Aixom, 1st sergeant, enlisted Aug. 15, 1861, deserted Nov. 4, 1861; Randolph Largent, quartermaster sergeant, promoted from 5th sergeant, enlisted Aug. 20, 1861, reduced to ranks, Sept. 1, 1862; Columbus P. French, enlisted as private, Aug. 14, 1861, afterwards 8th and 3d corporal, quartermaster sergeant, and 1st sergeant; Elias Boget, 2d sergeant, promoted from 3d sergeant, enlisted Aug. 20, 1861; Geo. W. Keen, enlisted Aug. 30, 1861, as 8th corporal, afterwards 7th and 2d corporal, promoted to 6th sergeant, Oct. 15, 1862; Jaspar Dawson, 1st corporal, promoted from 2d corporal, enlisted Aug. 20, 1861; Roswell Haskin, 6th corporal, afterwards 5th and 1st corporal, died of wounds at Farmington, Miss., June 15, 1862; Alvin Rogers, 1st corporal, enlisted Aug. 14, 1861, as private, promoted Oct. 15, 1862; H. D. Wolvington, 2d corporal, enlisted as private, Aug. 14, 1861, promoted Oct. 15, 1862; Frank Muhrlein, 4th corporal, enlisted as private, Aug. 14, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 509 1861, promoted Nov. 6, 1861; S. T. Magill, bugler, promoted from pri- vate, enlisted Aug. 14, 1861, promoted to musician; Seth Farnsworth, bugler, promoted from private, enlisted Aug. 14, 1861, reduced to ranks, captured at West Point, Miss., died at Andersonville, July 20, 1864; David Davis, farrier, promoted from private, enlisted Sept. 2, 1861. Privates. — Enlisted during August, 1861: Waldo Bartlett, discharged Oct. 16, 1861; Isaac H. Betz, died at St. Louis, Feb. 17, 1862; Mordecai G. Blakely, Adam Borschell, John H. Carver, captured at Senatahoba, Miss., May 14, 1863; Napoleon B. Church, accidentally wounded in the leg, and discharged Dec. 25, 1862; Joseph Cole, wounded at West Point, Miss., Feb. 21, 1864; Michael Curry, captured Dec. 30, 1862; Joseph Curtis, died at St. Louis, May 20, 1862; John Dayton, Anthony Detwiler, wounded slightly at Farmington, Miss., May 9, 1862; Frederick Foster, Jacob Frintz, Carter B. Granger, James C. Hill, Alexander Hill, John Hall, James Hallaway, Hugh Hagan, Abraham Hems worth, discharged at St. Louis, June 28, 1863, for disability; Peter Krupp, Jacob Lea venbaugh, Frederick Luce, deserted Dec. 8, 1861; Isaac Meyers, wounded in the leg in 1864, [date unknown]; Sanford R.Parker, Thos. Pwor, Samuel Schminkuy, John I, Scribner, Charles Sch wager, Job Sharp, Charles Stevens, dis- charged for disability, Feb. 20, 1862. Additional Enlistments. — Thomas B. Allen, enlisted Oct. 31, 1861; Francis A. Parrott, enlisted Dec. 4, 1861, deserted Aug. 14, 1862; James Lanier, enlisted Aug. 30, 1861, joined from company G; Joseph Rowers, enlisted Aug. 22, 1862; August Borstel, enlisted Aug. 22, 1862; John Graff, enlisted Aug. 22, 1862, died while in service, (date unknown); August Schmidt, enlisted Aug. 14, 1862, captured at Coffeeville, Miss., Dec. 5, 1S62; George Nass, enlisted Aug. 22, 1862;' Mathias Herter, enHsted Aug-. 29, 1862, transferred to invalid corps, Nov. 15, 1864; Wil- liam Krause, enlisted Aug. 29, 1862; Daniel A. Rudy, enlisted Aug. 1, 1862, killed at Columbus, Tenn., Dec. 19, 1864; Edwin L. Dutcher, enlisted Aug. 12, 1862, discharged March 10, 1861), for disability; Freder- ick Styles, enlisted Aug. 13, 1862, discharged March 10, 1863, for disa- bility; William Backenstos, enlisted Jan, 30, 1864; Boltzer D. Beasore, enlisted Feb. 27, 1864; Franklin Batch, enlisted Feb. 24, 1864;Josiah Craig, enlisted Feb. 23, 1864; Thomas Cox, enlisted Feb. 26, 1864; James, Hanyan, enlisted Feb. 24, 1864, wounded at Nashville, Tenn., November 15, 1864; Nathan Hunt, enlisted Feb. 22, 1864; Marshall Hartman, enlisted Sept. 2, 1864; Frederick Kissell, enlisted Feb. 24, 1864, died Nov. 30, 1864, at Memphis, Tenn; George M. Sherrick, enlisted Oct. 20, 1864; Turley Taylor, enlisted Feb. 25, 1864; John Woods, enlisted Sept. 1, 1864. Recruits Unassigned to Comfany. — John U. Miller, enlisted Oct. 27, 1864, for three years; EliasH. Parsons, enhsted March 25, 1864, for three years. 510 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. THIRD CAVALRY. Field and Staff. — Franklin M. Warford, assistant surgeon, enlisted Dec. 2, 1862, mustered out Jan. 26, 1864, for promotion to surgeon 4th Arkansas cavalry. FOURTH CAVALRY. Field and Staff. — William T. Allen, commissary, enlisted Sept. 11, 1861, promoted from commissary sergeant Sept. 15, 1862, promoted to captain company C, Jan. 1, 1863; David Stewart, assistant surgeon, com- missioned Dec. 2, 1S62, appointed assistant surgeon 28th Infantry Dec. 27, 1862; Loyd H. Dillon, commissary sergeant, enlisted as private com- pany C, Jan. 1, 1862; Christian Musser, quartermaster, commissioned Feb. 17, 1862, was corporal in company E. Company A. — S. Kirkwood Clark, second lieutenant, commissioned Dec. 25, 1861, mustered out June 2, 1862. Company C. — William T. Allen, captain, promoted from commissary; George Agnew, enlisted as private Oct. 21, 1861, afterwards promoted to 5th and 4th sergeant; Loyd H. Dillon, second lieutenant from regimental commissary sergeant, wounded severely at Guntown, June 10, 1864, pro- moted to captain company I, May 15, 1865; Peter Ferrell, private, enlisted Sept. 23, 1862, died at Batesville, Ark., May 20, 1862, of fever. Company D —Additional Enlistment. — Erastus Holloway, enlisted Sept. 8, 1864. Company I. — Loyd H. Dillon, captam, mustered in June 17, 1865, pro- moted from second lieutenant company C. FIFTH VETERAN CAVALRY. Additional Enlistments. — Companies Unknown. — ^John Howard, enlisted March 16, 1864, for three years; Samuel Moore, enlisted March 21,'1864; Orange H. Presnol, enhsted March 31, 1864, for three years; Charles Snyder, enlisted March 22, 1864, for three years. SIXTH CAVALRY. Field and Staff. — Thomas H. Shepard, major, commissioned October 21, 1862, resigned October 22, 1864; Morgan Reno, commissar}'-, commis- sioned October 21, 1862. Company A. — Additional Enlistment. — John Jackson, enlisted October 27, 1864. Company I. — L. R. Wolfe, captain, commissioned Feb. 2, 1863, resigned March 9, 1865; Benjamin King, 1st lieutenant, commissioned February 2, 1863, promoted to captain April 10, 1865; Geo. W. McCall, enlisted as private September 20, 1862, promoted to second lieutenant March 5, 1863, first lieutenant April 10, 1865; Henry C. Nichols, first sergeant, appointed October 24, 1862; Henry M. Berry, second sergeant, appointed October 24, 1862; James Dawson, third sergeant, appointed October 24, 1862; Levi H. Bolton, fourth sergeant, appointed October 24, 1862, discharged HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 511 at Davenport, April 10, 1863, by order of lieutenant colonel Grier; Wm. N. Whitlock, fifth sergeant, appointed October 21, 1862, discharged for promotion to first lieutenant company A, third U. S. Vols.; William A- Brim, sixth sergeant, appointed October 24, 1862; Nelson Hamlin, fifth corporal, appointed October 24, 1862; Lawrence P. Purdy, teamster,, enlisted September 27, 1862; Geo. H. Harris, teamster, enlisted Septem- ber 23, 1862, died October 25, 1863, at Ft. Sully, D. T., of fever; William Graham, farrier, enlisted December 23, 1862; Joseph Keisher, saddler, enlisted October 3, 1862; Lewis Hinkley, wagoner, enlisted November 28, 1862. Privates. — Frederick Albright, enlisted December 8, 1862; John C. Bear, enlisted September 25, 1862; Jacob C. Bowman, enlisted October 10, 1«62; D. W. Chamberlain, enlisted October 5, 1862; Patrick Dunn, enlisted October 2, 1862; Joseph Drabek, enlisted September 30, 1862; Manly Dixon, enlisted October 5, 1862; Gurdin A. Denison, enlisted De- cember 26, 1862; Elbridge Greene, enlisted October 24, 1862; Robert Hord, enlisted September 27, 1862; John Hergenaiter,- enlisted October 1,1862; Cyrus Hubbard, enlisted November 19, 1862; Nicholas Jacobs, enlisted September 22, 1862, discharged at Davenport, April 4, 1863, by order of Lieutenant Colonel Grier; Alexander H.Jones, enlisted October 29, 1862; James L. Kent, enlisted October 16, 1862; Frederick Krell,. enlisted October 10, 1862; Chambers Purcell, enlisted September 30, 1862; Amos S. Pratt, enlisted September 20, 1862; Caleb Quaintance, enlisted November 23, 1862; Edward Rogers, enlisted September 20,1862; Fred- erick Schaub, enlisted September 17, 1862; Griffiths Sampey, enhsted September 25, 1862; H. Umbdenstock, enlisted December 4, 1862. Additional Enlistments. — Thomas C. Nolan, enlisted March 5, 1863; Charles T. Fowler, enlisted February 25, 1862. Company K. — Additional Enlistment, — Geo. W. Smith, enlisted Feb- ruary 16, 1863. Company M. — Richard Berry, second lieutenant, commissioned March 5, 1863, mustered out for incompetency, November 3, 1864; Martin I. Feenan, quartermaster sergeant, appointed March 3, 1863, enlisted Sep- tember 8, 1862; Patrick M. Byrnes, fourth sergeant, enlisted August 8, 1862; Ebenezer Roberts, enlisted Febiuary 12, 1863. appointed second sergeant, March 3, 1863; Thomas Campion, enlisted August 12, 1862,. appointed corporal March 3, 1863. Privates. — Patrick Bevens, enlisted September 15, 1862; Timothy CHf- ford, enlisted August 8, 1862; Patrick Crossen, enlisted September 28, 1862; Michael Curran, enlisted August 15, 1862; Nicholas Cohill, enlisted August 15, 1862; Owen Carey, enlisted August 12, 1862; John Dufl?ey^ enhsted October 4, 1862; David Flemming, enlisted August 15, 1862; Robert Hord, enlisted September 27, 1862; Bascom Mason, enhsted Au- gust 15, 1862; Daniel Mul Quinn, enlisted August 15, 1862; Owen Slater^ .512 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. enlisted August 15, 1862; Jonathan Sprague, enlisted October 10, 1862; Francis Shean, enlisted August 6, 1862; Patrick Toler, enlisted August 18,1862; Martin Walters, enlisted August 15, 1862; Michael Welch, enlisted August 15, 1862. • Additional Enlistments (companies unknown). — Isaac Barnett, enlisted September 12, 1861; William Goben, enlisted September 9, 1861; Lewis Heller, enlisted April 11, 1864; Robert Jefferson, enlisted October 26, 1864; Charles Spicer, enlisted September 9, 1864; Robert Shirts, enlisted Sep- tember 13, 1864; William Warner, enlisted October 26, 1864. SEVENTH CAVALRY. Field and Staff.— ]o\\x\ Pattee, lieutenant colonel, mustered in June 3, 1863, was major Forty-first Infantry. Company A. — Additional Enlistment — Horatio T. Johnson, enlisted March 28, 1864; discharged at Omaha, December 15, 1864, for disability. Company B — Additional Enlistment: Samuel B. Starr, enlisted March 31, 1864. Company D. — William Summerhays, private, enlisted April 1, 1863. Company F — Additional Enlistmetits: David Ishman, enlisted March 8, 1864; Wilson Livermore, enlisted March 8, 1864; Joel Stebbins, enlisted March 8, 1864. Company G — Additional Enlistments : Abraham Adamson, enlisted September 10, 1864; William J. Burrow, enlisted September 10, 1864; William Eggart, enlisted September 9, 1864; William Estle, enlisted Sep- tember 9, 1864; Aaron Houser, enlisted September 8,1864; Edward Har- ris, enlisted September 9, 1864; Charles R. Hathaway, enlisted March 8, 1864; Henry J. Iliff, enlisted September 4, 1864; Mark Whitman, enlisted September 8, 1864. Co7nfany K. — John C. Rutan, first lieutenant, enlisted September 16, 1861; promoted to captain companv L, May 24, 1865; Albert A. Ford, sixth sergeant, enlisted September 20, 1861, discharged for promotion to lieutenant in Third U. S. V.; John Carr, sixth corporal, enHsted October 28, 1861, died at Fort Sully, March 20, 1864;', Charles P. Slaight, eighth corporal, enlisted September 25, 1861; Josiah W. Davis, trumpeter, enlisted September 25, 1861; James Junk, saddler, enlisted October 3, 1861; William Kelley wagoner, enHsted September 28, 1861. Privates. — James Andrews, enlisted October 6, 1861; William P. Bliss, enlisted October 11, 1861, discharged at Fort Randall, D. T., January 10, 1864, for disability; Thomas Hetherington, enlisted October ]2, 1861, died at Spirt Lake, Iowa, March 10, 1865; James Howlett, enlisted September 28, 1861; Thomas V. B.Johnson, enlisted October 12, 1861; WillmjH W. Jones, enlisted September 25, 1861; Isaac B. Kissell, enlisted October 4, 1861; John W. S. Lindley, enlisted October H, 1861; George Paul, enlisted September 28, 1861 ; Alvah T. Reed, enlisted September 16, 1861; William Reynolds, enlisted September 25, 1861; John N. Reynolds, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 513. enlisted October 27, 1861; James Roberts, enlisted October 13, 1861; Edward Stewart, enlisted October 13, 1861 ; Theodore Tompkins, enlisted September 18, 1861; William Trusdell, enlisted October 28, 1861; Isaac Zion, enlisted September 27, 1861. Additional Enlisiments—Mai-Wn B. Baskins, enlisted April 25, 1864; Benjamin A. Merrill, enlisted January 4, 1865, discharged August 2, 1865,' for disability. Company Z.— Bradley Mahana, captain, enlisted October 1, 1861; Marvin R. Luse, first lieutenant, enlisted October 1, 1861; Joseph F. Schell, second lieutenant, enlisted October 1, 1861; Geo. W. Dennis, first sergeant, enlisted October 1, 1861; William O. Waldron, commissary ser- geant, enlisted October 1, 1861; Amos R. Cherry, second sergeant, enlisted October 1, 1861; Horace B. Pumphrey, third sergeant, enlisted October 5,1861; Eden H. Snook, fourth sergeant, enlisted October 5, 1861; Jeremiah H. Miller, sixth sergeant, enlisted October 5, 1861; Wil- liam A. McCaddon, first corporal, enlisted October 5,1861; Shepherd Poland, third corporal, enlisted October 5, 1861; John L. Fisher, fourth corporal; Benjamin C. White, fifth corporal; Tho. W. Trimble, sixth corporal, enlisted October 24, 1861 ; Riley E. Holloway, eighth corporal, enlisted October 1, 1861; Henry J. Wieneke, enlisted October 1, 1861; William D. Mahana, wagoner, enlisted October 1, 1861. Pr/ Com. Committee. S. J. Hess, ) The following from the local columns of the Iowa City State Press, of date August 16, 1865, shows that the foregoing programme was well and nobly carried out: The grand dinner to the soldiers on last Friday was a complete suc- cess, marred only by the heat and dust of the day, which did not at all interfere with the "vets." The soldiers of all companies that have left this county, who were home were present in their organized capacity; the whole being led oy the 22d, under Major Gearkee. The crowd was pretty large and seemed in a very good humor. There was no fighting, quarreling, nor in fact any of the slight disorders so often seen when crowds assemble — everybody felt too good for that. The ox, contributed by E. T. Seymour, Esq., was barbecued in a very satisfactory manner, and together with the mutton, game, and chicken fixins, made a very complete meal for the soldiers and families. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 525 Speeches were made by Capt. Geo. W. Clark, Gov. Kirkwood, J. B. Grinnell, and others. The onl}^ speeches to which we paid any attention were those of Capt. Clark and Grinnell. The captain, it will be remembered, was with the regiment when it left the state, and accompanied it in all its tortuous course, until a painful and almost fatal wound compelled him to resign his position a few months since. The following from his speech will tell better than we can the feeling down in Dixie concerning the Twenty-second: " It may not seem becoming in me to speak of what our hoys have done, but it seems to me that I may say with propriety that we have traveled as far as many others, and at the same time had our share of fighting. We have never known a defeat, but we have had occasion many times to be told by the enemy that ' zee did not scare zuorth a cent!' This is doubtless true of all the Iowa regiments. They have all done nobly, and let me say that wherever I have been, over the length and breadth of this land, the best introduction I could get was to be presented as an Iowa soldier. Her name is written among the stars in letters that will shine brighter and brighter while time shall endure." Much more might we quote from this and other speeches, did space permit, but must desist. Suffice it to say, that the day and the occasion which called it forth will long live in the history of Johnson county. JOHNSON COUNTY MEN IN THE MEXICAN VV^AR. In 1846, during the administration of President James K. Polk, occurred the war with Mexico. A number of citizens of Johnson county enlisted in the army at that time, some of them serving in Mexico, while others were on duty elsewhere to take the place of "regulars" that had been sent to the front. A company of cavalry was made up mostly at Iowa City, who fully expected to go to Mexico when they enlisted, but instead were sent to Fort Atkinson on the Minnesota frontier, to watch the hos- tile Indians, in place of the regular army troops that had been sent from there to Mexico. The following are the names of the Johnson county men, as far as learned, who were members of that company: Capt. Philip Shafer, now of Washington township. J. R. Kimball, now of Iowa City. Ebenezer Sangster, now of Lucas township. W. Dollarhide, gone away. A. J . Beason. Elisha Ricord, now of Dallas, Texas. M. Frye, gone to California. Joseph M. Clemmens, deceased. Phineas Harris, deceased. W. F. Buck, now of Union township. John Shaff, gone. George W. Hess, deceased. H. Harless, gone to California. J. Milton Seydel, now of Scott township. 526 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Other Iowa City men who were Mexican war soldiers, but not in the above company, are: A. R. Sausman, afterwards lived in Linn county, and now lives in Illi- nois. Served in Company K, Fifteenth U. S. Infantry. Samuel H. Thompson, walked from Iowa City to Muscatine, and enlisted there. Served in Company K, Fifteenth U. S. Infantry. Samuel Cole, now of Iowa City, was disabled in the Mexican war and draws a pension on account of it. Michael Mclnnery, now a groceryman in Iowa City, was in the battle of Chapultepec; was wounded in the cheek, and also in the side; had a bullet cut out. Lewis Swinehard and Wm. B. Hampton also served in Company K, Fifteenth U. S. Infantry in Mexico. JOHNSON county's " MORMON WAR." April 26, 1845, the county record says: Ordered, that Major P. McAlister be, and he is hereby allowed forty- seven dollars and fifteen cents for the provisions and corn and oats pur- chased by him and used in his trip to arrest certain Mormon prisoners in the western part of this territory, in this present month. (Mr. McAlister was sheriff at that time; " Major " was his given name, and not a military title; a circumstance often awkward and embarrassing to him.) July 8, 1845: Ordered, That Wm. Dupont be allowed nineteen dollars and fifty cents for provisions and horse feed furnished to the soldiers and officers of the Mormon war. Ordered, That Warren Stiles be allowed three dollars and twenty-five cents for boardmg furnished to the officers and soldiers of the Mormon war. Ordered, That Charles Connelly be allowed four dollars and sixty cents for boarding officers and soldiers in the late Mormon war. On July lllh, it was ordered, that M. P. McAlister be allowed forty- three dollars and eighty cents for feeding Mormons. January 7, 1846, M. P. McAlister is again allowed thirty-seven dollars and twenty-five cents for his services as sherift', and expenses paid by him to Brown and Douglass for provisions for Mormon expedition. July 8, 18 J 5, the following record appears: On the presentation of the accounts of A. Arrosmith, W. A. Henry and others, for the use of teams and personal services rendered in the late expedition against the Mormons, it is considered by the board that the said accounts and claims cannot be allowed, and are therefore rejected. Thus they laid this unwelcome ghost, but it arose again to torment them, and they surrendered, " horse, foot, and dragoons," as the following further record will bear witness: THE MORMON WAR DEBT PAID. January 5, 1849. " Major W. A. Henry this day presented a petition from diverse citizens of Johnson county, praying for compensation out of the county treasury to those persons who rendered meritorious services in HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 527 an expedition under the summons and sheriff' of Johnson county, against the and the board being fully advised in the number of days each person served in otherwise, being furnished and sworn to ered by the board that each person shall for each dayannexed to their names in teams two dollars per day. The following is the list of persons wh ing services rendered, and compensation Name of Person. Am'l Rec'd. Robert M. Huchinson $ 11 Howard Sprague 9 Hance Sprague 9 Linus Niles 9 Mathew S. Cleveland 9 Ransom Mason 10 Geo. W. Hess 22 C. C. Catlet 10 W. A. Henry 9 Samuel McFaden 10 C.J. Swan 10 H. H. Downer 10 Jacob Ricord 10 E. Langster 10 E. Redhead 10 Wesley Redhead 10 Thos. Banbury 10 E. Pierson . . ." 10 Ann Shelliday 22 Lewis Wein 18 Joseph Case 9 A. Arrosmith 18 John White 9 Joseph Pinnegar 9 Wm. M. Stevens 9 S. De vault 9 N. Spicer 11 P. McGuire 11 J. J. Shepherdson 9 Joseph Bowen 8 Wm. Lancaster 10 S. W. Shaflf 11 A. Sells 9 Joseph Jecko 10 Wm.Paxton 10 command of M. P. McAlister, Mormons, in April, A. D. 1845; premises, and a list of names and said expedition, with teams and by Geo. W. Hess. It is consid- be entitled to one dollar per day said list, and each person with o served in said expedition, show- for the same: Services Rendered. Himself and team 9 days services 9 days services 9 days services 9 days services 10 days services 11 days services with team. .. 10 days services 9 days services. 10 days services 10 days services 10 days services 10 days services 10 days services 10 days services 10 days services 10 days services 10 days services 11 days services of hub'd & t'm. 9 days services with team. . . 9 days services 9 days services with team . . . 9 days services 9 days services 9 days services 9 days services 11 days services 11 days services 9 days services 8 days services 10 days services 11 days services 9 days services 10 days services 10 days services Total....- $480 WHAT THE " MORMON WAR WAS ABOUT. From Thomas M. Banbury we gather some particulars of that ridicu- lous and pitiful episode in Johnson county history known as the " Mormon War." 628 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. In 1844 the Mormons were driven from Nauvoo, Illinois, and started in companies by different routes toward Kanesville, (near the present city of Council Bluffs), where their "prophets" promised to establish the apostolic city and central seat of their thieocratic empire. One of these Nauvoo companies took the route of following the Iowa river, for there were as vet no trails or routes opened across the unbroken and unsurveyed wilder- ness of prairie beyond Johnson county. This fugitive troop was over- taken by winter when they had got as far west as what was called the " Big Woods," a few miles northwest of where the city of Marshalltown now stands; and here they made a winter camp, building rude cabins and mud huts and tent shelters as best they could, and slashing down young trees for their starving animals to browse upon the tender twigs and unopened buds. At this time the Poweshiek Indian trading post was near where the city of Marengo now stands, in Iowa county. This was the extreme frontier then, and a few white men had made claims in this vicinity along the banks of the river. There was no organized county west of Johnson, and her civil jurisdiction extended indefinitely to the setting sun. The roughs about the trading post put a report in circulation that the Mormons were robbing and murdering and depredating generally — and they called upon the sheriff' of Johnson county to go with a -posse comitat us and arrest their leaders. Major P. McAlister was the reigning sheriff, and he responded to the call as promptly as possible. A posse was formed at Iowa City and marched to Dupont's whisky store cabin on the north side of the river, on what is now section twenty-one in Monroe township Here the complainants themselves joined the sherift"s posse. George Hess had been chosen captain; and from here they marched in grand style like an army of conquest, making from twenty to twenty-five miles a day, all on foot. On reaching the vicinity of the Mormon camp, skirmishers were sent out to reconnoiter; pickets were estabhshed; and all the "pomp and circumstance of glorious war" was observed, as if in the presence of a formidable foe, and a great battle liable to begin at any moment. Two men then went into the Mormon camp with the awful summons to sur- render, or their stronghold would be taken by storm. They found a lot of peaceable, harmless, half-starved men, women, children, dogs and cat- tle, utterly inoffensive, but all everlasting hungry. The sheriff' had war- rants for fifteen or twenty men, and subpoenas tor as many more for wit- nesses. He however took only five as prisoners, and started back; marched five miles, and camped for the night on a low flat place. He had told the Mormon campers that if any of them wanted to leave that sect and go back to civilized settlements, they might go along: three women and a few men had accepted this offer. During the night a fearful rain storm broke upon them, and the camp ground was flooded six inches deep with water. In the midst of this storm and misery, one of the women (whose husband was also along) HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 529 ^ave birth to a child. For two days they all marched sopping wet — no sunshine nor a chance to dry. The new mother and child were carried in one of the supply train wagons, weltering in her wet and soiled gar- ments. The women were all left at the Poweshiek agency, and after- ward brought down to Iowa City in an ox wagon, by O. G. Babcock, now [1882] postmaster at Chase post office, in Madison township. He had just taken the claim where he still lives (in section 32), and the Mormons ate up all his sod crop and winter supplies. But now to return to the back-trail march and first night's camp. The prisoners had been put in charge of Mr. Banbury as deputy sheriff. Before and after the "grand army" stopped for camp, the roughs wanted to go back to the Mormon camp themselves, and let the rest go on. With regard to this, a leading and stalwart Mormon named Porter, made a strong speech, and said if the sheriff permitted them to go, he would go to, or die right there in the effort. During the dispute over this matter it became apparent that the whole thing was a plot of the roughs to get all the fighting men away fi-om the Mormon camp so they could go there without risk, to plunder the camp and ravish the women. When this secret had fairly leaked out, the camp became divided into the law-and- order party and the roughs party — the latter determined to go back- and the former determined that they should not; and Mr. Banbury says that for nearly an hour it seemed as if they would certainly come to bullets and knives, and have a bloody fight right there among themselves. He had promised Mr. Porter that if any of them went back he would go along, and Porter should go too. The sherift^'s party finally prevailed, however, and none were permitted to go back. When the cavalcade had got back as far as the Poweshiek agency [Marengo] the men who had made the complaint against the Mormons, and brought all this cost and trouble on Johnson county stopped, telling Sheriff McAlister to go on, and they would follow the next day, and overtake him before he reached Iowa City, and be ready to appear against the prisoners. The sheriff reached the city on Saturday. The next Monday his prisoners were brought before 'Squire Hawkins for examina- tion, but not a single complainant or witness appeared against them, and they were at once discharged. Their guns and baggage were restored to them and some provisions supplied for their return journey. Most of these Mormon men were Freemasons, and when the diabolical plot against them was made known, and confirmed by the fact that their accusers never dared to appear in court where law and reason ruled, very naturally a strong interest and sympathy was awakened in their behalf As a result of this they were supplied with many things for the relief and com- fort of their destitute people at the camp, and they departed with light hearts and heavy loads. Of course a great many jokes were perpetrated by the men on one 530 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. another about that baby born in camp. Its own father was along — a funny little Frenchman. The sheriff' bemg commander-in-chief of the expedition, was asked why he did not go and act as midwife to the poor woman. He replied, " By G — d, that sort of tactics wasn't taught where he got his military education." The woman, in spite of her hardships, came up all right, and when she reached Iowa City about two weeks after- ward, the baby was bright and healthy, with sharp and cunning black eyes. A few ladies furnished the destitute mother with some garments for her- self and child. The parents went back to Illinois. CHAPTER IX.— PART 1. PHYSICAL FEATURES. Geography, Topography, Hydrography and Climatology. — The Iowa Weather Service. Johnson county lies between 41 degrees 24 minutes, and 41 degrees 51 minutes of north latitude. The longitude of its central meridian is about 91 degrees, 33 minutes west. It is bounded on the north by Linn county; on the east by the counties of Cedar and Muscatine ; south by Louisa and Washington counties, and on the west by Iowa county. It contains sev- enteen full congressional townships and about six sections over, which is equivalent to six hundred and eighteen square miles, or three hundred and ninety-five thousand five hundred and twenty acres. The surface of the country presents a great variety; the south-west and western portions are perhaps the most rolling or undulating, while the north-east and eastern parts are the most regular. The bluffy and broken lands lie principally along the streams. The Iowa and Cedar rivers are the prominent streams. In shape the county is not regular; its west line running north and south, is an unbroken township line, and it is the same with its north line, run- ning east and west, also its east line. But its south line extends from its south-east corner in a due west direction to the Iowa river, cutting that stream three times. At the third intersection the boundary follows along the channel up the river to the south line of township seventy-eight north, then following this south line to the south-west corner of townsihp seven- ty-eight north, range eight west, which south-west township corner is also the south-west corner of the county. The north-west corner of township eighty-one north, range eight west, is the north-west corner of the count3% and in like manner the north-east corner of township eighty-one north, range five west, and the south-east corner of township seventy-seven north, range five west, constitute respect- ively the north-east and south-east corners of the county. The county is traversed by two streams of considerable size — the Iowa and Cedar rivers, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 531 and with their branches is therefore well watered. The Cedar runs but a short course in the county, striking its north line about two and one-half miles west of the north-east corner and cutting the east line about three miles south of the same corner, running in all about six miles in the county. The branches of the Cedar within the lines of the count}- are few and small, the largest one heading near Mr. Nolan's, in section two, of town- ship eighty, range five west, and running about due north a distance of three miles, empties into the river just below quite a large island. The Iowa river enters the county at the northwest corner of section thirty-six, five miles south of the northwest corner of the county. It then runs a course a little north of east to section nineteen in township eighty- one north, range six west, at which point it changes its course to nearly southeast, running to the south line of section fifteen in township eighty north, range six west. Here its course is about south twenty-five degrees west to section five in township seventy-nine, range six. At this point (near Coralville) it makes a sudden bend, taking a course of about north twenty-five degrees east (or a direction about opposite to its last course), to section three of the last named township; from which point it runs almost due south nearly twelve miles, to the south line of the county, mak- ing in that distance only one mile of easting. Thence it bears still more easterly, and forms the boundary between Fremont township in Johnson county, and Iowa township in Washington county. The river, in its passage across the county, makes some very sharp and remarkable bends, the most notable of which is the one where it changes its course from north-easterly to almost due south. Among the smaller bends, the one on section thirty-one, in township eighty-one north, range six west, deserves notice. The river, after running a distance of two miles, comes back within about a third of a mile of itself. The banks, nearly all the way around the bend, are high, and the river channel nar- row, causing the stream to rise very high in times of flood. During the high water of 1851, a gorge occurred in this bend, throwing the waters back and raising them to a great height. In the fork of a tree standing near the mouth of Hoosier creek, about a mile above the gorge, Capt. F. M. Irish saw a rail that the waters of the gorge had lodged there. He found, by actual measurement, that the rail was elevated twenty-five feet above the ground at the foot of the tree, and nearly thirty feet above the water. Another bend occurs just above Iowa City, where the river, after run- ning a distance of about three and one-half miles, comes back within a mile of itself. A number of surve3^s have been made with a view of bringing the waters of the river, by canal or tunnel or both, from the northern flexure of this bend to the cit}^, for manufacturing purposes. The last survey of the kind was conducted by Peter A. Dey, Esq., C. E. of Iowa City. 532 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. A remarkable contraction in the high water channel of the river takes place just below Iowa City, at a point below Joseph Stover's, and directly west of the residences of Cyrus and Richard Sanders ; here the river in 1851 rose three to four feet higher than it did a half mile below. About a mile above where the river leaves the county altogether are the Buttermilk Falls, a place of danger in low water to the flat-bottomed craft of that pioneer merchant and the first boatman to successfully navi- gate this tortuous stream, John Powell, Esq. The river at this point has cut a channel through an ancient bed of " Drift," washing away the clay and leaving the boulders, large and small, scattered thickly along its bed, and the water rushing and foaming through them constitutes the Buttermilk Falls. On the west side of the Iowa river, the principal streams that empty into it within the limits of the county are, beginning at the south side of the county, first, a small creek that, for the want of any other name, I shall call Fesler creek. It enters the river about half a mile above the south line of the county. Next in order, going northward, is " Old Man's creek," quite a large stream. It with its branches, waters nearly all of the civil townships of Hardin, Union, Sharon and Liberty, and a part of Washington. The remainder of Washington township is watered by Deer creek and another branch of English river. About one mile and a half west of Iowa City, and above it on the river, near Coralville, Clear creek empties itself. Not so large a stream as Old Man's creek, yet it gives power to at least one mill on its banks. This stream waters the townships of Oxford and Clear Creek, and a small part of Lucas town- ship. There is but one more stream of note on the west side of the river — this is called on the map Buffalo creek, but has been iknown to the inhabi- tants along its banks as Dirty Face creek. [See N. Zeller's sketch.] It waters the southern part of Penn township, and empties into the river about two miles due northeast of Iowa City, — or five miles by way of the river. The n(>rth parts of Penn and Oxford townships are watered by insignifi- cant rivulets, flowing in a northerly direction into the Iowa river. The river, in the northwest part of the county, runs nearly east for a distance of about twelve miles, and the streams coming into it flow south- ward. First, in Monroe township we have, beginning at the west line of the county and going eastward. Price, Knapp, and Plum creeks. In Jefferson township Brown's, McAlister's, and a branch of Hoosieror Lingle creek. In Big Grove township, is Hoosier or Lingle creek. This is a consid- erable stream, the proper name of which is Lingle, from the mouth to the forks about three miles above, at which point the west fork takes the HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 533 name of Hopsier creek, and the east one retains that of Lingle. There is a branch of Lingle creek on the west side about a mile above the mouth, which has already been spoken of as watering a part of Jefferson township. Just below the point of the meeting of Hoosier and Lingle creeks is the mill once known as Lingle's Mill, but is now known as the "Bohemian Mill." Also in Big Grove township, and to the south of Lingle creek is Sells, or Mill creek. This stream is properly called Sells creek, from Anthony Sells, who settled upon it in an early day and built a mill, now known as "Hendrick's Mill." This creek forks about a half mile above its mouth, the south branch taking the name of Jordan creek. Hendrick's mill is situated upon the north branch, on Sells creek, just above where Jordan joins it. We have now passed the point where the river makes its great bend to the south, and are now traveling south- ward. The last stream that we crossed (Sells creek) flows westward, as do all that succeed it. Going southward the next in order of importance is Turkey creek. Between this stream and Sells creek are to be found two or three small ones, the names of which are unknown to the writer. Turkey creek empties into the river about four miles above Iowa City. All of the streams we have crossed since leaving Sells creek are in New- port township. South of Turkey and about two miles above Iowa City is the mouth of Rapid creek, a large stream watering the township of Graham, and part of Newport. Its principal branch leaves it on the north side, about one half mile above the mouth, and is called Sanders creek. Upon this stream there were in early days the following mill sites: Radabaugh's saw mill, near the mouth of the stream; above this one mile was Strub's mill; at the crossing of the Dubuque road was the saw mill of Henry Felkner, Esq., the first saw rqill built in the county, and above this a short distance stood the Taylor, or McCrady mill. Passing Iowa City, we find running through its limits, a small stream called Ralston creek. It was named after one of the commissioners who located the capital, Robert Ralston, Esq., of Burlington. Below the city five miles, we find Snyder creek, (originally called Gilbert creek, from the old trader, John Gilbert), which waters parts of Scott, Lucas and Pleasant Valley townships. Ten miles below Iowa City, are two small creeks, the names of which are unknown to the writer. They rise in Lincoln, flow across Pleasant Valley, then down into the edge of Fremont township, and into the Iowa river. The eastern part of Scott township is watered by the head of the Wapsinonoc, a small branch of the Cedar river; which is also the case with the east part of Graham and Lincoln townships. This completes the list of water courses within the county. The surface of the county is well diversified with groves and patches of timber, and in the northern part especially is heavily timbered [whence 34 534 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. the name "Big Grove" township]. All the forest tress indigenous to the northwest exist in abundance. All the varieties of oak, walnut, hick- ory, ash, elm, and cottonwood abound. Its springs are pure aad numerous. A COUNTY WATER GAUGE. January 10, 1876, in response to a request from the Iowa Weather Ser- vice, the county board ordered a water gauge to be constructed "at or near the free bridge " at Iowa City, provided the cost should not exceed ten dollars. This is the bridge at the foot of Burlington street. SOME NAMES OF STREAMS. Picayune Creek is in Liberty township. " Picayune" was originally the name given in New Orleans to the old Spanish 6J cent piece, and later applied to the American silver 5-cent piece. New Orleans Picayune was the name of a daily newspaper which for some years enjoyed a national reputation. In the early ferry days it cost a "picayune" (6|- cents) for a man afoot to cross the Iowa riyer. Old Maid'' s Creek is in Union township; said to have been so named because four old maids lived on a farm on its banks in the early days. Hoosier Creek is in Big Grove township, and " Hoosier" being the pseu- donym for natives of Indiana, it took its name from settlers from the Hoosier state. Turkey Creek, in Newport township, was named by Sheriff Trow- bridge in 1838, because it was a good place to hunt wild turkeys. Rapid Creek, in the same township, was named also by him, on account of its roaring, rushing, rapid character, especially at the part where Henry Felkner built his saw-mill in 1839-40. Clear Creek was also named by Trowbridge, because of its clear flow- ing waters. But since that time its name has been belied by the herds of cattle tramping, and the droves of swine rooting and wallowing in its banks, marshes, and tributary brooklets. The original clearness of the creek has been swapped for fresh meat. MR. LATHROP'S REPORT ON CLIMATOLOGY. In January, 1881, H. W. Lathrop of Iowa City read a paper before the State Horticultural Society, which, though only including Johnson county in a general way, contains so much information of value to intelligent farmers and fruit growers in this region that it is worth preserving to them and their children for permanent reference. Mr. Lathrop says: The elements or constituents of climate are light, heat, and moisture. At the first glance of the subject one would suppose that all places in the same degree of latitude, coming under the same influence of the sun's rays, would enjoy the same degree of temperature, but such is not the case. The altitude of a locality above the sea-level, and its proximity to or remoteness from large bodies of water have much to do in giving places on the same parallel a different climate. The presence or absence HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 535 of vegetation has its effect on the temperature of a country, a bare sur- face absorbing the sun's rays much more than one covered with a forest or a crop. Water absorbs much more of the sun's heat, retains it longer, ahd gives it off more slowly than the land, hence districts of country con- tiguous to large bodies of water — especially when the prevailing winds blow from the water, over the land — are much warmer during the cold season than those farther inland, and do not suffer from so great degrees of heat. In Michigan, places along the east shore of the lake in about the same latitude as central Iowa, rarely have a degree of cold below ten degrees of Fahrenheit, when we sometimes have it twenty degrees colder, and these twenty degrees in favor of the Michigan climate is the result of the heat absorbed and given off by the waters of the lake. The state of Iowa is so far from both oceans and the great lakes that she is beyond the influence of any one of them, unless it be that an occa- sional east wind in the spring is colder and more humid than it would be if L,ake Michigan was more remote. Ours is strictly an inter-continental cli- mate, one of great summer heat and severe winter cold, the range of the mercury in the thermometer being one hundred and thirty degrees. Our elevation above sea-level is 414: feet in the southeast corner of the state, 660 in the northeast, 1,344: in the northwest, and 954 in the southwest, the average for the state, computed from this data, being 850. But there is an elevated ridge dividing the east from the west water-shed, extending from Dickinson county in the northwest to Ringgold county in the south, and this ridge embraces the highest land in the state, which is in the north about 1,700 feet, and in the south 1,220 feet above tide-water. Other things being equal, the highest points will suffer the greatest degree of cold and the lowest points the least, but the difference is so small and the ascent from low to high so gradual that altitude can hardly be con- sidered a leading factor in comparing the different localities in the state with each other in reference to their climate. The descent from Iowa to the Gulf is less than half a foot to the mile. Being remote from large bodies of water, we have less cloudiness and more sunshine than places not so situated, and hence, having a greater degree of insulation, our grains and fruits mature much earlier and more rapidly than they otherwise would. During the summer of 1858, which was a very wet season, the crop of wheat became almost worthless in consequence of the great amount of cloudiness, with a superabundance of moisture, both the straw and the grain lacking in substance and maturity, and whole fields remained unharvested. Iowa being in the belt of perennial rains is subject to the laws which govern those rains or the rainfall, in the belt, and j^et it is difficult to determine what those laws are except that a current of warm air saturated with moisture, meeting a cold one or passing into a cold medium, parts with a portion of its moisture in the shape of fogs or rain. The greater degree of atmospheric heat, the more moisture the air can contain, hence our heaviest rains are during our periods of greatest heat. As with heat, so with-rainfall; we are subject to great extremes. The greatest amount of rain in any one year of which we have any record was in 1851, when it amounted to a little over six feet (74.49 inches), and the least in 1854, when we had a little less than two feet (23.35 inches), the general average in the central part of the State being not far from fortv inches. 536 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. In the year of 1851 there were seventeen rainy days in May, twenty- one in June and fifteen in July; in 185S, May had twenty-one, June six and July sixteen rainy days. In 1854, May had thirteen, June two and July ten. In 1855 May had five, June ten, and July eight. Thus it will be seen that in two of our most rainy seasons the three months in which the crops are mostly grown had respectively forty- three and fifty-three rainy days (more than one-half), while in the two years of the least rain the same months had respectively twenty-three and twenty-five rainy days. The noticeable difference in the seasons of 1851 and 1858, was that in the former the rain came in showers, and fell in tor- rents, with much sunshine between the showers, while in the latter the rain fell more continuously with a great deal of cloudiness. Although the annual rainfall is about the same now as it was a third or a quarter of a century ago, it is apparent that our springs, sloughs and rivers are discharging much less water than they did then; the breaking up of the tough impervious prairie sod, and its reduction to a loose, friable soil by constant cultivation, has increased its capacity for moisture, hence it retains much of the water that used to find its way into the streams, and it may now be questioned whether the turning and over-turning of this soil by the plow of the husbandman and its exposure to the sun and wind is not affording a moisture to the atmosphere that renders it constantly more humid than it was in the first settlement of the country. To this fact, in part, may we not attribute our failure to raise the crops of wheat we once did, and has it not produced a change in the diseases incident to human life? The thousands of acres that were once covered with a luxuriant growth of wild grass, only pastured here and there by a few wild deer, are now the grazing grounds of myriads of cattle feeding on a " thousand hills,' and this close grazing is having its effect in reducing the quantity of our surplus water. In the State of Iowa where the surface is not broken by any consider- able ranges of hills, mountains, valleys or forests, and where all the adja- cent country is of like character, the winds are most sweeping and power- ful in their operations. The hyperborean blasts that come down to us from the north, with their breath whetted to the keenest edge by Minus Zero's fingers, cut like Damascus blades, and fortunate are the men, ani- mals and plants that are protected fi-om the surges of these frigid blizzards. The two severest drawbacks in our climate are the few days of severe cold winter weather, and our strong swiftly blowing winds. The most destructive winds to our fruit crops are those that come from the southwest, and that make their advent soon after the blossoms have appeared, and when the embryo fi"uit is in its most tender stage. They come from the dry arid plains of New Mexico, Kansas and Nebraska, a region that is truly the American Desert, where moisture is the exception, and drought the general rule, and they come to us from those parched regions hot and thirsty, ready to lick up with avidity all the moisture in their course, and their scorching breath is such that the tender leaves of our trees are often shriveled and the young fruit blasted by them. The winds do not blow for a very long time, but they are very telling in their effects while they do blow. Last spring they had come and gone before the blossom-buds had opened. If the country whence these winds come, and which lies mostly west of the hundredth meridian of longitude, should ever become irrigated by arte- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY, 537 sian wells, and thus be rendered habitable and productive, these winds will not come to us in the hot and dry character they now do; but that event, if it ever happens, is in the far-oft' future. This phase of our chmate, especially in such a winter as this [1880-81], when the mercury and zero are hobnobbing nearly every day, is the strongest argument that can be presented for the extensive planting of wind-breaks. THE IOWA WEATHER SERVICE. Dr. Gustavus Hinrichs of Iowa City was the father and founder and mas- ter-builder of the Iowa weather service, and his faithful labors, untiring zeal, and practical skill in the work have resulted in official records and reports published by the state that have already given Iowa a rank second to no other state or country in the scientific repute of her meteorological work. The cen- tral station was established by law at Iowa City. And thus, although it is a state work, and a state institution, the credit and the honor both of its origination and its practical success belong to Johnson county, and a John- son county man. Hence this historian has compiled from the immense mass of published data such brief facts and particulars as would have a special or local interest to the patrons of this volume, and at the same time serve to give some general idea of the sort of work that is being done for the benefit of agriculture, commerce and the economic industries, by the devotees of meteorological science. CENTRAL STATION. The act of the Seventeenth General Assembly of Iowa, establishing the central station and ap- pointing the director of the Iowa Weather Service, did not ap- propriate means for the erection of such an institution, nor give any compensa- tion to the director, whose very extensive duties were defined by the same act. The problem of providing the necessary room was very pressing even during the first year of the service as a state institution. During the summer months of the year CENTRAL STATION IOWA WEATHER SERVICE. 1879 the director, 538 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. therefore, erected a three-story structure in the entering angle of his residence, corner of Capitol and Market streets, Iowa City, and fronting north. The two upper stories and the flat roof or terrace of this struc- ture [see cut] were set apart for the use of the service, and have been so occupied since September, 1879. On the roof or terrace of this building are the instruments which require full exposure, such as wind-vanes, wind force plate, Robinson's anemometer, insulation thermometer, radia- tion thermometer, rain-gauge, evaporimeter, and the like; also a flag-staff for the display of flag and lantern signals. Besides, this terrace is the place for observation of sun-spots, and of all general meteorological phe- nomena, as it furnishes a fine view of the entire landscape and a free view of the sky, the building standing near the edge of the bluft'east of the Iowa river. The room immediately below this terrace is the meteorological observ- atory proper. The windows furnish a fine view of the sky in all direc- tions, and an arrow on the ceiling marks the direction of the wind. Standard mercurial barometers and aneroids give the pressure of the air, while temperature and humidity are observed on a full set of standard thermometers, a psychrometer, and an improved hair-hygrometer in the case attached to the east window of the north wall. Here are also many additional instruments, and meteorological collections have been begun, such wind-worn and polished rocks, specimens of wood showing the effects of as tornadoes and of lightning, and especially a fine collection of meteorites from all parts of the globe. THE FIRST LUSTRUM OF THE SERVICE, 1876-80. The first International Congress of Meterologists introduced the lustrum or period oi five years; beginning with the first and sixth year of each decennial period. Our Service, having begun observation on Oct. 1, 1875, has therefore completed one such period, from Jan. 1, 1876, till Dec. 31, 1880. RAIN-FALL IN IOWA. The only results fully reduced from the observations of the Volunteer Observers of the Service and covering the entire lustrum 1876-80, are those relating to the rain-fall. The following table indicates the fullness of the material used: 1875 1876 1878. 1879. 1880. 1878-80. Stations reporting Stations complete Monthly Reports received. Rain-fall measurements. . . Rain-days per month . . . . 195 75 39 778 3500 86 47 776 4500 88 54 898 6126 6.8 105 68 1043 5994 5.7 94 64 986 5962 5.1 62 2922 18086 Total number of wc>«////y reports seceived, 4,671, including 195 recieved HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 539 during the first three months of the service, from October to December, 1875. The total number of rain-fall measurements made is 26,082. Hence the average rain frequency per month has been 5.5 during the lustrum for any one station. More accurately the rain frexuency during the year 1878 to 1880 has been 6.2 per month for each station, or one day in five has been a rain-day. From the tables it appears that the mean annual rain-fall of Iowa has diminished from 1876 to 1879, and is now increasing; that the diversity of distribution was greatest when the mean annual rain-fall was greatest, increasing and diminishing with the same. For each month and for each year a rain-fall map is constructed, consti- tuting now a large atlas of eighty-four maps. Many additional rain-fall maps are drawn, for decades, special storms, seasons and the like. RAIN-FALL AND TIMBER. The rain-fall niafs constructed for each year, and for the lustrum 1876- 80, show conclusively that the amount of rain-fall in Iowa is largely influenced by the distribution of timber, the annual rain-fall increasing with the amount of timber or foliage in the different portions of the State. The amount of rain-fall in any large territory like Iowa, occupying a considerable portion of a continent, is undoubtedly first of all determined by its position in such continent. In the case of our own State, the rain- fall is primarily conditioned by our position in the great Mississippi Valley, which owes its relatively high rain-fall to the southerly winds blowing from the gulf. The distribution of this rain-fall, expressed in the form of the lines of equal rain-fall is, however, as matter of fact^ in Iowa, remarkably special- ized: and this same peculiar form of curves is repeated in the lines repre- senting the distribution of timber within our State. As now, finally, neither elevation nor any other physical element in our State is found to correspond, the conclusion appears irresistible, that the distribution of rain- fall over the territory of our State is closely related to the disibuction of timber in the same. It may, therefore, be asserted as fairly established by the five 3'ears' work of our service, that in the planting of timber we possess a means to increase the amount of rain-fall for a given region. The following rain map is a pictographic exhibit of the practical con- clusions wrought out by the five years' work of Dr. Hinrichs and his co-observers : 540 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. RAIN MAP FOR THE LUSTRUM, 1876-80. LIST OF STATIONS AND OBSERVERS WHO HAVE FURNISHED MONTHLY REPORTS REGULARLY DURIN(J THE FIRST LUSTRUM OF THE SERVICE. Station. Observer. Sac City, Sidney Smith, Merchant. Grant City, Edwin Miller, Postmaster. • Algona, James Barr, M. D. Charles City, Luther P. Fitch, M. D. Albion, Enoch Lewis, M. D. Fort Dodge, Solon Prindle, died 1880; observations continued by his father, D. Prindle. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 541 Station. Observer. Grand Junction, E. J. Couch and Geo. Cough, Farmers. Hon. Frank Larrabee and Miss Rachel Larrabee. Francis H. Robbins, Druggist. Gregory Marshall, Farmer. Miss AugusLa Larrabee. Gershom H. Hill, M. D. D. W. Crouse, M. D. Hon. Jacob K. Wagner, M. D. Mrs. May U. Remley. M. M. Moulton, City Marshal. Prof. Thomas Myrick Irish. A. B. Bowen, M. D. Prof. D. S. Sheldon and Miss Sarah G. Foote. H. H. Maynard, M. D., and Thos. Rigg, Druggist. Prof. Finley M. Witter. Hon. J. D. Miles and Theo. W. Bennett, M. D. Miss Anna Hinrichs. Conrad Schadt, Druggist. H. C. Huntsman, M. D. Geo. D. Clarke, Druggist. Curtis Houghton, Farmer. M. Riordon, M. D., and Hiram N. Bassett, M. D. Col. Gustavus B. Brackett, Horticulturist. Dr. Charles Wachsmuth, Palagontologist. Sherman Twp., Jasper county, Edwin T. Preston, Farmer. Grant Twp., Union county, Capt. Chas. S. Stryker, Farmer. The work done by the observers named is doubly valuable because it has been continuous. Even where a change became necessary, the observers named had sufficient interest in their work to secure its continua- tion by a competent person. As this work is altogether gratuitous and voluntary, it will be seen that it was no small labor done for the public benefit; and the people who did it are worthy of perpetual honor and gratitude, for such reports are of no value unless kept up faithfully for a series of years. IOWA CITY WEATHER REPORT. The following local report for Iowa City is also by Dr. Hinricks: TWENTY YBARS' NORMALS OF TEMPERATURE AND RAIN-PALL. For Iowa City we have the record of the observations of Professor T. S. Parvin, begun in 1861, and our own observations, begun in 1871. The observations of Professor T. 8. Parvin have been copied from his original journals tor the years 1861 to 1870, and properly reduced. The same has been done for my own series of observations, for 1871 to 1880. The two series combined give, by the so-called secondary means, the values given below for each decade of each month, covering this period of twenty years, 1861 to 1880: McGregor, Waukon, Cresco, Clermont, Independence, Waterloo, Blairstown, Anamosa, Monticello, Dubuque, Maquoketa, Davenport, Tipton, Muscatine, CrawforJsville, Iowa City, Amana, Oskaloosa, Fairfield, Brookville, Mt. Pleasant, Denmark, Burlington, 542 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. N0KMAL8 BY DECADES AND MONTHS, FOR THE CENTKAL STATION, I. W. 8., For Twenty Tears Observations, at Iowa City, Iowa, 1861-80. Months. Mean Tempeeture Degrees, F. I II III Month. Rain-Fall, in inches. I II III Month. January. . February. March April May June. . . July. . August. September. October . . November. December. 18.7 22.0 29.6 43.3 55 5 66.3 73.7 73.1 66.4 55.0 40 7 26.3 191 24.4 32.2 47.9 60.0 68,8 74.1 71.8 62.9 50 3 35.8 23.2 20 3 27.1 37 3 51.6 63.8 71.8 73.8 69.6 59.4 45.1 29 3 20.2 The year-mean 47.47 19.4 24.4 33.1 47.6 59.9 69 639 71.2 62.9 49.9 35.3 23.1 .52 .55 .80 1.20 1.20 1.65 1.65 1.42 1,80 1.10 .95 .60 .60 .55 .95 1.20 1.20 165 1.27 1.65 155 .95 .82 .50 .60 .70 1.10 1.10 1.35 1.55 1.20 1.85 1.25 .90 .70 .50 Total. 1.72 1.80 2.85 3.50 3.75 4.85 4.12 4.92 39.13 These temperature normals are the results of 30,000 observations, of which about 11,000 belong to Parvin's series, the other 19,000 to my own. I have determined the mean temper- ature of every other day of the year from the above, the first thoroughly reduced and near- ly uniform series of twenty years' observations for any one place in the State. These values are of great importance for the determination of the character of any day, as to its being hot or cold, and how much above or below normal it may be. The follow- ing table gives the normal mean temperature for every odd date of the year; the values for the days of even date are obtained by interpolation at sight. Thus: January 16th has a normal mean temperature of 19.1 degrees. NORMAL mean TEMPERATURE FOR EACH DAY OP THE YEAR, Determined from Twenty Tears' Observations, at Iowa City, Iowa Date. Jan. Feb. Mar. April May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 19.2 189 18.7 18.6 18.7 18 8 21.2 21 6 22.0 22.5 22 9 23.3 28.7 291 29 6 30.1 30.5 310 40.7 42.0 43 2 44.8 45.4 46 8 54.0 54 8 55.5 56.3 57.3 58.2 653 65 9 663 66.8 67.8 67.8 73.0 73.3 73.6 78.9 74.0 74.1 72.8 72.7 726 73.5 72.4 72.2 67.8 67.1 66.4 65.7 65.0 64 8 56.8 55.9 55 54 58.1 53.1 42.2 413 40 4 396 38.7 37.7 27.4 3 26.8 5 26 3 7 25.7 9 25.0 11 24.4 18 18 9 238 31.5 47.1 59.1 68 8 74.1 72.0 63.7 51.2 36.7 23.8 15 19.0 24.4 32.2 47 9 59.9 68.8 74.1 71.8 62.9 50.2 35 7 28.2 17 19.2 24.9 33 48.6 60.7 69.4 74.0 71.5 62 2 49.2 34'7 22.5 19 19.5 19.8 25.4 259 33.9 34 9 , 49.3 501 61.4 62.2 69.9 70.6 78.9 78.7 71.1 70.5 61.5 60.7 48 2 47.2 38 5 32.0 21.9 21 21.3 23 20 26.5 36.0 50 8 62.5 71.1 73.5 70.1 60.0 462 30 5 20.6 25 20 3 27.1 37.1 516 63.2 71.8 782 69.6 59.8 45.1 29 4 20.1 27 20 6 27.6 38.3 52.3 64 3 72 2 73.1 69.0 58.5 44.1 28 6 19.8 29 20.8 28.2 89.6 53 1 64 8 72.6 78.0 68.4 57.6 43.2 27.9 19.4 Persons who may wish to investisjate this Weather Service matter still further, can obtain sundry printed reports on it by applying to Dr. Hinricks. The observations throughout the state are compiled at the Central Station and printed by the State Printer in monthly bulletins; and no one can realize or fairly comprehend the nature, extent and real value of the work being done without examining a series of these well edited and neatly printed bulletins. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 543 DATES OF EARLY AND LATE FROSTS. Table showing the date of the earliest and latest frosts and ice; also the time of disappearance, and depth of frost, and thickness of the ice at Iowa City, from 1839 to 1873, prepared by H. W. Fyfte. TEAR. LATE FROST. EARLY FROST. DISAPPEAR- AN<'E OF FROST. Q LATE ICE. EARLY ICE. 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 April. . April . . April . . May . . May . . . May . . . May . . . April . . . May . . . May . . . May.. . April. . May . . . May . . . , May . . . May . . . May . . . April . . May . . . April . . April. . May, . . May'. . . April. . August. March. May.. . May . . . May . , April . . May . . . April . . May. . . April . . April. . 17 ,27 12 .4 .2 ,21 25 .15 26 ,10 . 1 23 ,.5 .20 25 ..2 .6 .19 20 .26 .23 . 1 ..4 24 .25 11 .11 ..2 ..6 .5 ,19 16 .10 .22 .25 Sept. . . Sept . . . Sept . . . Sept . . . Oct ... , Oct.. . Sept . . . Oct.... Oct . . . Sept . . . Oct . . . Sept . . . Sept. . . Sept . . . Sept. . . Oct . . . Sept . . . Sept. . . Oct . . . Sept... Sept . . . Sept . . . Oct . . . Oct . . . August , Sept . . . Oct . . . Sept . . . Oct . . . Sept . . . Sept . . Oct . . . Sept . . . Sept . . , Sept. . . 12 28 11 17 . 8 10 .21 . 2 . 9 .23 . 8 ..7 28 ,26 10 15 ,27 24 10 12 .2 11 23 10 .29 ,19 .2 ,21 23 ,17 26 12 21 .26 . 8 April . . May April . . . April . . . March . . March . April . . . April . . . April . . . April . . . May May April . . . April . . , April . . . May . . . April . . . April . . . 10 .5 . 1 . 1 20 12 . 1 . 2 17 10 .7 23 15 . 7 20 11 22 22 March . April . . April . . April . . , May . . . March . April . . April. . May. . . , April . . April . . April . . May . . . April . . May . . . May... May. .., April . . May April. . April . . April . . April . . April . . April . , April . . April . . April . . April . . April . . April . . May .. May . . . April . . April . . ,25! 18 1^ 28 . 1 ,30 . 8 13 . 4 26 20 23 ..1 22 13 . 2 . 6 19 12 16 23 . 2 16 . 6 . 8 14 . 6 .6 .6 . 8 13 . 4 11 22 25 Nov Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct ...7 .. 3 . 17 . 19 . 16 .. 5 . 18 Oct .... 14 Oct 1 Oct .... 13 Sept .... 26 Oct 15 Sept 26 Oct 2 Oct 15 25 24 20 .7 . 6 Oct , Sept, Oct . Oct . Oct , Oct .... 24 Sept .... 24 Oct 25 Oct .. Oct .... 18 Oct ... . 15 Oct .... 31 Nov 4 Nov Oct .... 13 Sept 24 Sept Sept Sept 27 12 10 10 11 21 20 20 20 18 24 18 22 20 17 21 26 30 544 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. CHAPTER IX.— PART 2. GEOLOGY. Two State Geologists. — U. S. Geologist at Iowa City. — Prof. Agassiz at Iowa City.— Prof Calvin's List of Fossils of Johnson County. Iowa has had two State Geologists, Hall and White. Hall's reports were published in two volumes in 1858. His work was entirely in the eastern half of the State, and gave a fly-brush touch on Johnson county, while Dr. White's work was entirely in the western half of the State, and did not touch Johnson county at all. So out of four volumes of official State reports on the Geology of Iowa, here is all we find about this county: On the Iowa river, in Johnson county, the rocks are well exposed in the neighborhood of Iowa City, where there are numerous quarries, which have been opened to supply the town with lime and building materials. The layers are of very various lithological character. In a quarry opened about a mile above the city, on the east side of the river, nearly opposite the mill, there is an exposure of about forty feet of a thin-bedded, bluish limestone, which weathers of a dirty yellow. The la3^ers dip about 5 degrees in a direction S. 80 degrees E. This rock is not durable enough to make a good building stone when it is to be exposed to the weather; it will answer very well for underpinning. Nearer the town, on both sides of the river, the rock along the base of the blufls is a dark-colored argillaceous limestone, which is crowded with fossils, especially corals, among which the genera Favosites, Lithostrotion^ and Stromatopora are the most frequent. Higher up, the rock becomes more compact and less distinctly strati- fied. It is almost a pure carbonate of lime, containing hardly more than one per cent of other substances. It forms a durable building stone, although not splitting or dressing handsomely. When polished, the large coraline masses which it contains, especially the Lithostrotion^, are very beautiful, and pieces have been worked up into small ornaments, such as paper-w^eights, and are well known under the name of "Iowa marble." Unfortunately the layers are not sufficiently free from flaws to be manu- factured into objects of any considerable size. The same rocks may be observed at various points up the Iowa for a distance of ten or twelve miles from Iowa City. Within the limits of Johnson and Iowa counties we have not been able to find any other outcrop of the Hamilton rocks, than those on the Iowa river along this part of its course. Beyond T. 81, R. 7, there are no rocks seen in place, except a few patches of sandstone, until we reach Tama coimty. Not a single exposure of rock was discovered on any of the smaller streams to the south of the Iowa, although diligent search was made along the valleys of Old Man's creek, and the north fork of the English river. Through Iowa county low blufis border the river at a distance of from half a mile to a mile from the stream, but they are made up of finely comminuted materials without even so much as a loose *This is a mistake. Later authorities Sfiy that the genus Lithostrotion is not found here, but that the genera Acervularin and Philipsastrea were mistaken for Lithostrotion by Prof. Owen, U. S. geologist, here in lb49, and again by Prof, Hall in 1857-58. [See Prof. Calvin's list of Johnson county fossils further on. J HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 545 slab or fragment of rock to indicate the character of the underlying strata. Although it would appear from the general direction of the lines of outcrop in this region, so far as they can be ascertained, that rocks of Hamilton age predominate over the large surface in Iowa and Benton counties, over which no exposures of the strata are visible, still there is good reason to believe that there may be considerable patches of carbon- iferous strata existing beneath the superficial covering of detritus. These may be either the remains of a deposit once spread continuously over a large extent of surface, or more probably, limited deposits in pre-exist- ing depressions of the Hamilton strata. Near Iowa City, on the left bank of the river, is one of these limited patches of rock belonging to the coal measures, which appears to have been a deposit over a very small space, perhaps in a trough-shaped depression or cavity of the limestone. The horizontal extension of the beds which belong to the coal measures is very limited, and from their position would appear that they must have originally occupied a pre-existing depression in the Hmestone. There are also considerable patches of sandstone, which appear to belong to the coal measures on the Iowa, near the line between Iowa and Johnson counties, forming low bluffs, but not accompanied, as far as has yet been ascertained, by any coal or Coal-measure fossils, by which it might be possibly assigned to this place in the series. That these patches are isolated, and not continuous with the strata of the same age farther west, on the borders of Powesheik and Jasper counties, the nearest point where the Coal-measures are positively known to exist, cannot be posi- tively affirmed, but is rendered probable by the occurrence of the carboni- ferous limestone farther up the Iowa, in Tama county. At all events, there is little encouragement for explorations for coal in the region in question; as even if small deposits of it should be met with, they are hardly likely to be of sufficient extent or of a good enough quality to be profitably worked. UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEYORS IN JOHNSON COUNTY. In 1839 David Dale Owen, of New Harmony, Indiana, was appointed to the then new and by many ridiculed position of United States Geologist, under authority of the land office. He had served the State of Indiana as state geologist, by appointment of the legislature in 1837; and he was the first man who ever engaged in that sort of work as a specialty under authority ot the Federal government, although Major Long as early as 1823, and Lewis and Clark still earlier, and other general explorers, had made some casual observations in accordance with the very meager knowledge of geology then in vogue. In 1839 Prof. Owen surveyed the Mineral Point District of Wisconsin and the Dubuque District of Iowa. The grand object aimed 'at by the Federal authorities in authorizing the appointment of a national geologist was to determine the limits and boundaries and specific locations and probable value of certain mineral lands, such as of lead, copper, iron, coal, etc.. in the then western wilds, which were still more or less in possession of Indian tribes. During his labors in the great lead district of Min- eral Point, Wis., Galena, 111., and Dubuque, Iowa, in 1839, he made a short 546 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. visit to Iowa City, being here in September or October of that year. One of his assistants was John Brophy of Clinton, who was afterwards a mem- ber of the legislature, but finally went to California. They spent about two weeks in Johnson county, and it is remembered that Mr. Brophy swapped horses with Philip Clark. This horse-trade interested the set- tlers a good deal more than the mysterious business of measuring and squinting at rocks; but after all, they don't remember which man " got the tail end " of that horse trade. Prof. Owen came here again in 1849. Col. Trowbridge was then keep- ing a drug store, with other goods besides, and Dr. Morsman had his medical office in a room at the back end of the store. Prof. Owen arranged to occupy this room as his headquarters, and it was so used in June, July, August and September of that year. The geological party were constantly making expeditions up and down the Iowa river and its most important tributaries, including Cedar river. Hon. Geo. Paul of Clear Creek township, who was then a young man, made a trip with Prof. Owen in a canoe, from Marengo down to Iowa City. Their field instruments not in use were kept stored here; and here was written some of that masterful report which was published in 18.52, a perpetual monument to the conscientious thoroughness, the clear, deep and broad scientific attainments, the plain, terse literary vigor and the artis- tic skill of that first United States Geologist. This publication covered Owen's entire fieldwork during the years 1847-'48-'49-'50, and Iowa City and Johnson county thus claim a share both in the subject matter and in the writing of it. May ITth of that year (1849) one of his men named Gobert died of cholera, at Muscatine. One of the assistant geologists at that time was B. C. Macy, cousin to Prof. James S. Macy, now of Iowa College at Grinnell, and likewise to Prof W. P. Macy, now of Drake University at Des Moines. They gathered in great loads of rocks, and when they went away they carried oft' many boxes of fossils, minerals, soils, plants for further analysis, microscopic examination, determination of species, etc. Prof. Owen's Report was published in a large quarto volume, by Lip- pincott, Grambo & Co., of Philadelphia, in 1852. It was a grand sympo- sium of scientific zeal, devotion and skill, which has scarcely been excelled even for accuracy of knowledge or correctness of theory by any of our later explorers; and it was elaborately and beautifully illustrated. From this noble work, commencing at its 84th page, we quote all that was said of Iowa City and vicinity and also of the Iowa river country, by this first live geologist who ever gauged Johnson county's place in the geological scale. But first we present a " Chart " which will greatly aid the reader in understanding what is meant by the geological scale, and the relative place in that scale of the different " ages " of the earth as classified and named by geologists: HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 647 GEOL,OGICAL, CKAR.T; Including the Rock Scale of Geological Periods and the "Zoic Calendar of Creation." Compiled from the works of Agassiz, Lyell, Huxley, Hteckel, Daua, LoConte, and other first rank authoritieg la Science at the present time. By Hibam A. Reid, Secretary State Academy of Sciences at Dee Moinei, Iowa. [Published by permission of the Author.] Explanation. — The side line at *he left shows what poriions of geological time are comprehended in the terms "eozoic,''' " paleo- zoic," etc . The first column shows the pi-riods or "Ages" of geological time during which the dilTorent successive types of ani- mal life predominated, or were the higbest types then in existence. And these two divisions form the "Zoic Calendar of Creation." The second column shows the great general groupings of rock strata, in which are found the fossil remains of the corresponding ani- mal types named in the first col- umn. But. at the "Age of Rep- tiles" occurs a grand divergement, far it was during this age that an- imal life pushed out into its most wonderful developments; and there came into existence strange and marvelous forms of swimming reptiles, four-footed and two-foot- ed walking reptiles, and two-foot- ed and four-footed flying reptiles. Here also the true birds began to appear, though with reptilian pe- culiarities; and likewise the mar- supial animals, which are a tran- sitional type, between reptiles that produce their young by laying eggs and the true mammals, that bring forth their young well ma- tured and then suckle them. The third column shows the les ser srroupiiigs of rock beds as clas- silied by our American geologists ; but many minor subdivisions and local groups are omitted for want of space. At the top of this col- umn arc shown the geological pe- riods of first appearance ot races of man, so far as now aulhentica- ted by competent scientific au- thorities.* The fourth column shows the number of feel in tbickness of the different groups of rock layers as indicatedhy the braces. This Chart is the most compre- hensive and thorough iu its de- tails, and yet the most systemati- cally and graphically presented to the eye, of anything in its line that has ever yet been published. Here is the whole story of geol- ogy and the ascent of life con- densed into the space of a few inches, yet so plainly set forth as to readily fix itself iu the memory like an outline map. Scientific terms in aewspapers and maga- zines often catch the reader at a disadvantage; but a reference to this chart will at once show the relative place or period in crea- tional progress to which the best anthorizedgeological terms apply. It reaches, like a Jacob's ladder, from the lowest inklings to the highest ideals of life on the earth, as tanght by modem science and the Christian Bible. THIS CALENDAR IS TO BE READ FROM THE BOTTOM UPWARD. AGE OF ANGELS. ee Psalms 8:5 Luke 50:36 Mark 12:25 1 Cor.l5:44 Heb.2:2to9 ReT.22:S,9 jSi^@ of MAN. AGE OF MAMMALS AGE OF Reptiles. \< Age of Amphibians. Age OF FISHES. AGE OF INVERTEBRATES Recent. Quaternary. TERTIARY. Terrace Epoch. Champlain Epoch. GLACIAL EPOCH. Pliocene. Miocene. Feet In thickneti o f t h • geoloRical groups of rock form- ations. 500 8,000 Eoceue, Cretaceous. 9,000 JURASSIC. t 80( \ 1 800 to 000 TRIASSIC. Carboniferous Devonian. Upper Silurian. Lower Silnrian. AGE OF ZOOLITHS ' "ThU Age alone was probably loDffer in dar»- tion than all aabsequent eeologfical time." — Pbop. LeCONTE. wlpriinorfllal Vegetation Eozoon Eocls. Graphite Beds. Coal .3,000 to , 5,000 }.b,UUO to Measures. ^'♦s™ Sub-Carboniferous. Catskill. Chemung. Hamilton. Oriskany Niagara. MetamorpMc Granit«>. FIRE CRUST. Copyright 1879::H.A.Reid 350,000,000 years in cooling down to 200» F. at the snr- face [Prof. Hei.mholti], a temperature at which T«ry I low forms of vegetation «n I exist. 9,050 to ^ 14.400 16,000 to 10,000 .12,000to 15,000 .10,000to 20,000 aotooo Cnstntt. D*p*k lukaswa. S *" The existence of Pliocene man in Tuscany Is, then, in my opinion, an acquired scientitic fact.*' — See Appletons' lotermaklonal Scientlfli Series. Vol. XXVII, p. 151. " The Miocene man »t La Beauce already knew the ose of fire, and worked flint." — lb. p. 243. See kiso, Pr»f . Wincnell'e "Pie-Adamites," pp. 426-7-8, ** The human race in Amenca is soown to be at least of as ancient a date as that of 4he Europe^ PUoceae."— Prof. J, D. Whitney. Similar Ttom are held by Brofs. Leldy, iManh, Cop*, Mona, WymaB, and other icIaBtltU of hl(be«t rapat*. 548 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. PROF. DAVID DALE OWEN's REPORT UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1849, The stone-cutters of Iowa City are supplied from a quarry of cream- colored limestone, which lies in thin, even-bedded layers, to the height of from thirty to forty feet above Cedar river, in the south part of township, eighty-two north, range five west, of the fifth principal meridian. The lowest strata, which are the thickest, hardly exceed eight inches. In some of the layers, small hemispherical concretions run in the joints of the strata, as well as through the substance of the rock itself. The best of the slabs approximate in character to lithographic limestone. They are, however, of rather too coarse a texture for fine work. The upper strata are striped with yellow, obliquely to the bedding. On section 28, town- ship 81 north, range 4 west, where the south line of the section strikes the river, above Washington Ferry, the rocks are of the same character as at the last described quarry, only in rather thicker layers of a yet coarser texture. The lowest layers have very much the aspect of the beds observed on the west side of Clear Creek. A north and south crevice traverses the rock at this place, containing some calcareous spar and fer- ruginous clay; but no metallic ores have been discovered, the crevice being filled with tumbled wall-rock intermixed with red clay. The strata have a southerly dip of 3 *-' . A corresponding wall of rock is also on the opposite side of the river, which would form solid natural abutments for a bridge. A quarter of a mile lower down, near the middle of section 34, of the same township and range, below Washington ferry, there is a fine quarry of heavy beds of subcrystalline magnesian limestone. This rock, which is of the Upper Silurian period, [See Geological chart, on page 547] dips southwesterly under the thin-bedded limestones above the ferry. The latter appear, from their chemical composition, to belong to the Devonian System, although no evidence was derived from organic remains, which are very scarce at both localities. Some well-known Devonian iorms are however, in the debris of the river near by. In Hickory Grove, on the southeast corner of section 34, township 80 north, range 4 west, of the 5th principal meridian, both magnesian limestone and white limestone lie within two yards of each other; the latter con- taining ^^/rf/^rr £;«rz^^e/«e5, Gorgonia ret7yorniis {?), and a Stromatopora of the same species as that found in the Winnebago Reserve. No boulders were found near Cedar river, in townships 79, 80, and 81. A few only were noticed in the east part of Johnson county, eight miles from Iowa City, near the Dubuque road. The inferences to be deducted from the foregoing observations made in Iowa on both sides of Cedar river, in Muscatine, Johnson, Cedar and Linn counties, are as follows: All the rocks, as well those referable to the Upper Silurian, as to the Devonian and Carboniferous periods, have been subjected to disturbances subsequent to the carboniferous era. These disturbances have been chiefly dislocations, through which the strata have been displaced more by abrupt vertical depressions and elevations, than by prolonged, arched, and waved movements. The sub-carboniferous limestone, which forms a zone around the coal- measures, and occupies the valley of the Mississippi, between latitude 40 degrees and 41 degrees, is lost to view, for forty miles beyond latitude 41 degrees 25 minutes ; re-appearing, however, in Tama county. Even those HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 549 local beds ot limestone mentioned in my report of 1839, containing reticu- lated lamelliferous corals, and Cyathopora lowensis, which it was thought might be of that age, prove, on a more minute investigation, to be of a type indicative of the period of the Hamilton group of New York. The calcareous beds, which constitute a conspicuous feature of the lower coal-measures in the Des Moines valley, are not traceable here; the base of the carboniferous s\-stem of Muscatine county being arenaceous and argi-naceous grits, characterized by different species of Lepidodendron, and very large globular concretions. The Devonian rocks consist chiefly of close-textured white or gray limestones, sometimes brecciated, or of argillaceous limestones, both varie- ties containing a much smaller percentage of magnesia than the adjacent dolomiiic rocks of upper Silurian date. The farmer are of no great thick- ness, probably not exceeding seventy feet. Rocks of the loiva River. — On section 10, township 79 north, range 6 west, of the 5th principal meridian, on the east side of the Iowa river, on the town plot of Iowa City, there is a good section of light-coloured, brownish-gray limestone, mostly of compact texture, forming a mural exposure of from thirt}' to forty-five feet. The lower beds lie in layers of from six to fifteen inches thick; the upper are in rugged, concretionary masses, very imperfectly stratified, and reticulated with a network of thin, siliceous, calcareous, and gypseous seams, and much lighter coloured than the beds below them. These rocks, but particularly the upper beds, have an interlocking, suture-like structure of the joints. Towards the base of the exposure, from twentv to thirty feet above the Iowa river, is a bed of brownish limestone, mottled with gray, studded with fossil coral of the species Fazwsites Gothlandica, [the same specimen often shows both a double and single row of pores perforating the partition wall], Favosites folymorfha (varieties ramosa and tiiberosa), Favosites jibrosa{ f\ Stromatopoi'a concen- irica, S. ■polymor-pha^ Lithostrotioif' -pentag-oniini., L. . ananas^ [the speci- mens of Iowa City marble, often seen polished, and called "bird's eye," are composed of this species], CyathopJiylhmi jlexiiosuin, C. tiirbinatzimy ?\ and others. This bed seems to be the representative of the upper coral- line beds of the Falls of Ohio; the corresponding beds at Utica, Indiana; the coralline burrstone on the high ground between Madison and Vernon, in the same State, and the Onondaga limestone of New York. At this locality on the Iowa river, above these coralline beds, one hundred yards from the foot of the exposure, is a seam, three inches thick, of an earthy, carbonaceous substance, a kind of coal of humus, and adjoining it, a fis- sure or rent in the strata, running down nearly vertically, and having a southeast bearing; but no kind of metallic ore was detected among the crevice earth. A similar substance runs between some of the strata, and in the joints of the rock. The " black stratum " included in the upper coralline beds of the Falls of Ohio, probably owes its color to an impreg- nation with a substance analogous to that found on the Iowa, where it exists in a loose, earthy, friable condition, while in Kentucky it is more intimately blended with the rock. * Besides the two species o{ Lithoatrotion here named by Prof. Owen, he also in another place names Lithostrotioit, hpxagonum, but marks it doubtlul. Our present authorities, however, classify these fossil corals as Acervularia and Philvpsastrea. Hence it appears that Prof. Owen was mistaken on this name; but it is thirty-three years since he was here, and many new discoveries and classifications have been made in geology during that time. 35 550 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. The rocks at this section on the Iowa have a local northerly dip of from two to three feet in a hundred yards, so that in the hollow at the head of the exposure, the coralline beds are at a higher level. There they can be seen to the depth of ten feet, composed throughout of a com- plete agglutination of the various species of coral above mentioned, afford- ing evidence that the whole mass must have been an ancient coral reef, of greater thickness and extent than is usually seen displayed in the strata of the palceozoic period, when the zoophytes did not rear such stupendous structures as at the present day; perhaps owing to interruptions from change of temperature of the ocean, as well as oscillations of its bed. Five feet above the coralline bed is a shell-bed, composed almost entirely of Gasteropoda, of the genera Etiom^halus, Mtirchisouia, and Plewoto- maria, but being casts [the shelly part is sometimes converted into sul- phate of Ume] which do not weather out of the rocks, and which are only seen as sections on the fractured face of the bed, it is difficult to determine their specific characters. In the concretionary and brecciated calcareous portion above, no well-defined fossils were discovered. A few rods higher up, a small ravine runs from the high ground towards the river, and interrupts the continuity of the strata for the dis- tance of about fifty paces. On crossing this hollow a soft brown sandstone sev- eral feet thick with vegetable impressions is exposed in a low arch, fifteen feet lower than the top of the limestone. This appears to be another out- line of coal sandstone so frequently met with in this portion of the Iowa river, which by a fault or slip of the beds has sunk into a depression. Thirty paces beyond the sandstones, up stream, the white limestone is again in place at nearly the same elevation as the sandstones. In the two adjacent exposures of limestone there are no intercalations of sandstone. About two miles and a half from Iowa City, on section 36, township 80, north range 6 west of the 5th principal meridian, a schistose, marly lime- stone, about twenty feet thick, is exposed on the east bank of Rapid creek opposite Felkner's mill*, surmounted by a decomposing bed from which loose corals of the following genera and species have become detached and lie scattered on the surface: Lithostrotion hexagomcm{}) L. ananas, Cyathophyllnm tiirbmaium, C. ceratites{}\ C. dianthus {?), C. vermiculare (?), Cystiphylluni Devoniensis, Chcetetes (species undeter- mined), and Favositcs folynwrfha. The beds beneath contain chiefly shells of the following species: Terehratiiea reticularis, Orthis restipinaia, Spirifer etiruteines, Terebratida concinna{J). On the same creek, on section 30, township 80, north range 5 west of the 5th principal meridian, sandstone with vegetable impresssions, occurs in a similar position with reference to the coraline limestone as near Iowa City. . . , On section 4, township 79 north, range 6 west, of the 5th pnncipal meridian, two or three feet above the level of the Iowa river, limestone is found containing coraline beds similar to those near Iowa City, the latter extending to the height of from twelve to fifteen feet. In ascending the Iowa the above described limestones occur at intervals for the distance of about twenty miles by the meanders of the river, and twelve to fourteen miles by direct line. The principal exposures are as follows: Near the line between sections 32 and 33, township 80 north, range 6 west, of the 5th principal meridian, *Our well-known pioneer, Henry Felkner, had a water-wheel saw-mill here when this geological survey was made — 1849. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 551 on the west side of the river; above and below the mouth of Newcomb's creek, on sections 83 and 34, same township and rano-, on both sides of the river, havincr a shi^ht westerly dip; on section 27, township 80 north, range G west, in a clit^'of about 27 teet, on the left bank, where the strata dip 3 or 4 degrees to the south-west. Here some of the beds are full of fossil shells, viz: Tcrchratula as-fcra (very abundant), Icrehratula reticu- laris (^large variety), Ortliis rcsiifinata, Spiri/cr ciiniteitics: S fir iter with a highly extended cardinal area, measuring sometimes live inches from angle to angle; Leptcna (sp.?), Phacofs macro-pthalma^ several reticulated lamelliferous corals, Cyafhop/iylliw! ccratiies {}\ It is at this localit}' that much of the rock used in the construction of the State House has been procured. The lower beds are rather schistose, but the upper are more solid and substantial, and ma\- be obtained in blocks of from nine inches lo two feet. The upper eight feet contain but few fossils. On the opposite side of the river, on section 22, same township and range, rocky ledges, from thirty to forty feet in thickness, are exposed for three-quarters of a mile, with a local northerly dip, containing Spirifer euruteines. On section 15, on the left bank, there are 30 feet of regular!}- bedded limestone, surmounted by a bench of concretionary limestone. On section 10, one bed is charged with Terehretula reticularis, and contains also Spirifer euruteines. All through townships 80 and 81 north, of range 6 west, of the 5th prin- cipal meridian, and as far as section 28, township 81 north, range 7 west, wherever the bluffs come up to the river, ledges of limestone of the same character and age present themselves, until Xh^y finally terminate in a rug- ged buttress of the same concretionary and brecciated mass that forms the upper part of the section at Iowa City, the coralline beds being found a few hundred yards below, at an elevation of fifty-five feet. After passing section 28, township 81 north, range 7 west, low priarie sets in, and no rocks are visible for about twelve or fifteen miles, by the meanders of the river. On reaching a bend where the stream flows very rapidly, near where the line between sections 28 and 29 of township 81 north, range 8 west, crosses the stream from north to south, a dome- shaped mass of sandstone rests on a white sandy clay. The same kind of rock IS said to be in place both on section 27 of the same township and range, and section 26, township 81 north, range 9 west of the 5th princi- pal meridian. These gritstones belong, in all probability, to the carbonif- erous group; but no confirmative evidence was derived from organic remains. After entering township 81 north, range 9 west, the hills recede from the river, appearing in the distance mostly as gentle swells of from seventy to one hundred feet high, presenting beautiful sites for farms, in connection with the rich adjacent bottoms. The latter aflbrd luxuriant meadows, and the productive arable land when sufficiently elevated to be above the over- flow. On the crests of the hills are, occasionally, a few small erratics, siliceous gravel, and small angular masses of chert, but no protruding ledges in place. Carboniferous Rocks of the lozua River. — After leaving township 81 north, range 8 west, no rocks were seen in place near the river for about fifty miles in a direct line, and nearly double that distance by the river, which is very tortuous in its course. The deep alluvial and drift deposits effectually conceal the strata on which they rest. It is only from the angular fragments of chert occasionally seen strewn on the elevated 552 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. ground that any clue is obtained to their age; this mineral being most prevalent in the west, through the region occupied by the carboniferous and sub-carboniferous limestones. It was not, however, until reaching the northwestern corner of Tama county, that rocks of the sub-carbonif- erous era were seen unequivocally in place. Here, on section 7 or S, town- ship S3 north, range 16 west, on the left bank of the Iowa, are bluffs of one hundred and twenty-live to one hundred and Hft}- feet of t :lcvriticn,on the slope of which both oolitic and encrinital beds of carboniferous lime- stone protrude; and where the river crosses the corner of Marshall county, the characteristic fossil, Pentremites -pyriformis, was found, along with Tercbratida planosiilcata, Spirifer siriatus and Prodtictiis seniireticulattis. Here, too, a change can be perceived in the outline of the country; in the greater elevation of the hills, in the increased growth of timber, and in the stiff, indurated, clayey subsoil. In the southeastern part of township 84, range 15 west, on land claimed by Mr. Ballard, a thin seam of coal has been discovered, said to be about a foot thick, overlaid by shale. In consequence of the sliding of the bank, no satisfactory observations could be made, either to determine its true elevation above the river, or its thickness. From the specimens found, it appears to be of inferior quality, being much impregnated with sulphuret of iron. This is no doubt the mineral that has given rise to the reports of the existence of copper ore, on this portion of the Iowa; for, on calling on Mr. Miller, who, I was informed, had some of the copper ore in his pos- session, I was shown a sample of the same kind of pyrites. In the detritus of the river, just above the first fork of the Iowa, frag- ments of coal are met with in the transported gravel, and below the entrance to the "Big Woods," six or seven miles above the forks, bluffs of sandstone and a highly ferruginous grit rises to the height of from one hundred and forty to one hundred and fifty feet. The latter occupies about one-third of the upper portion of the exposure, and contains from fifteen to twenty per cent, of oxide of iron, disseminated amongst a fine siliceous gravel, which, by pounding and sifting, can be separated from each other. Some portion of this ferruginous grit possesses a structure approaching to oolite. The lower part of the section is formed of con- glomerates of pebbly sandstones, together with grits, having strongly marked cross-lines of deposition. Indeed, the rocks of this part of the Iowa river assume much the character of the mill-stone grit of the north of England, which lies between the Yoredale series, and the coal-meas- ures proper. The same formation extends for several miles along the river, rising into escarpments of sixty or seventy feet, the summits of which are crowned with pines, cedars, and other coniferoe. Near the termination, on the right bank, where the river makes two abrupt bends, a seam of coal shows itself. It hes more after the manner of a metallic vein than a bed of coal; this arises, however, either from a dislocation, or tilting of the strata, or, more probably, from a slide, by which it appears to have been thrown nearly vertically. The confused position of the associate beds rather confirms this view. Near the coal is a bed of dark limestone, almost black when wet, containing Prodiictus semirettctdatiis, Productns cora, a new species of Phidipsia, and an Esc/iara. The relative order of superposition of coal, limestone, shale, and grit, is difficult to determine, by reason of the disturbance above referred to. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 553 The coal at present lies near the edge of the water, covered with a few feet of shale, and nearly on a level with the base of the grit escarpment, which is in sight about one or two hundred yards down stream. For two or three miles beyond the coal-bank, the hills do not present the same abrupt appearance as they do below; soon, however, the Iowa sweeps around a great easterly bend, and again washes the base of hills of sandstones, more regularly bedded than the corresponding ranges below. The oxide of iron is here hot so much disseminated through the substance of the rock, but is rather collected in bands, that fill the joints and seams of stratification. For several mile'* after entering the "Big Woods," the rocks are only seen at two localities, not far apart, where a reddish-yellow limestone is exposed, a few feet above the water level, while the high ground is com- posed chiefly of deposits of sand and clay mixed with drift, and boulders. These are the only deposits seen for twelve or fourteen miles. About latitude 42 degrees 25 minutes, the carboniferous limestone again makes its appearance, at first in a succession of low ledges, ten or fifteen feet above the bed of the river, sometimes on one side, and sometimes on the other, until finally they form "dalles," thirty to forty feet in elevation, between the walls of which the Iowa flows, with a rapid current. The limestone which forms the base of the "dalles," is of a light flesh color, possesses an imperfect oolitic structure, and contains a small Terebratula, allied to T. laticostata. The upper third is composed of magnesian lime- stones, which have much the appearance of the magnesian limestone of the Dubuque district, but cannot belong to the same period, since they form a part of the sub-carboniferous limestone, and con-tain that form of Syri)igopora which M. Lesueur named Obstringolina, and which was found in that formation in Missouri. About the middle of this range of limestone, near a point known as "The Showerbath," the rocks attain their greatest elevation, dipping from t ence southerly and northerly as much as seven degrees. Numerous chalybeate springs issue from their base, depositing an abundant gelatinous hydrated oxide of iron. These strata of carboniferous limestone continue, with little interruption, to the Falls or Rapids of the Iowa, situated in latitude 42 degrees, 32 seconds, 22 minutes. Two miles above this, the bluft's rise to the height of one hundred and thirty feet. At their base, they are composed of the semi-oolitic layers before alluded to; the coal measures proper resting on them in the following order of superposition, from above downwards: Feet Inches 1. . . Soil and drift beds not exposed, 9 to 100 2. .Gray argillaceous schistose limestone, 20 3 . . Bluish argillo-siliceous shale, , , . 12 to 14 4 . . Chert layer, 5 5 . . White siliceous rock, effervescing feebly, 4 to 5 6 . . White semi-oolitic limestone, 3 A short distance beyond this section, the underlying limestone rises again toward the northwest to the height of twelve or fifteen feet, for a distance of four miles, when, at a sudden bend in the river, in latitude 42 degrees, 31 minutes, 44 seconds, before it enters and meanders through the open prairie, the limestone pitches beneath the water level, to the northwest, and is overlapped by a mass of dark, bluish gray, argillaceous shale. Here fragments of coal occur in the debris, though no regular bed seen ; the slide of the argillaceous layers and vegetation may conceal 554 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. it from view. A quarter of a mile above, the limestone is again in place, skirting the bed of the river, and continues in low walls of five to ten feet, either on one side or on the other, for four or five miles. The current of the stream becomes sluggish as it traverses low, flat land, the banks being usually only four or five feet above the river, and, these are not above five feet in elevation. After leaving the last limestone exposure, we continued to ascend the Iowa for fifteen or twenty miles, when we finally arrived at a barren region of drift knolls stretching away as far as the eye can reach, desti- tute of timber, except a narrow belt skirting the Iowa river. The hollows below the drift knolls are wet and marshy, and the summit of the hills strewn with a thin, poor soil, that only supports a second growth of stunt- ed herbage. The corps whose duty it was to explore, in 1848, the southern and west- ern tributaries of the St. Peter's river, observed towards the heads of the Mankato and Lesueur rivers, a country of the same character which we encountered high up on the Iowa. It was hence inferred, that these bar- ren drift knolls extend beyond the northern boundary of Iowa, covering the whole water-shed that gives rise to these streams, as well as to the Iowa and Red Cedar rivers. Seeing, therefore, no object to be attained by farther advance up the Iowa, and finding that our stores of provisions were barely sufficient to carry us back to the settlements, I determined to return after making the astronomical observations necessary to determine our position, which was found to be in latitude 42 degrees, 39 minutes, 06 seconds. There remains to be said, in this place, only a few words with regard to the extreme branches of Red Cedar, viz.: Beaver and Otter creeks, which were explored by Mr. Macy, with a view to ascertain the precise eastern boundary of the carboniferous rocks on the Iowa river. On account of the low, wet country bordering these streams, it was only at a few points that the rocks were visible, and these only in low ledges, near the water level, or in partial protrusions from under the mass of drift in the higher ground. Mr. Macy succeeded, however, in detecting, in a ridge about five miles north of Otter creek, a flesh-colored limestone, containing that variety of Leptacna deprcssa of Dalman, which occurs in the corniferous limestone of New York, and is known there under the name Stropliomena iindida- tus. At a higher level in the same ridge a bufl'-colored magnesian lime- stone was observed, in which no fossils were discovered, but which pos- sesses the lithological character of the dolomitic beds of the carboniferous limestones found near the Iowa, a few miles below the rapids, near lati- tude 42 degrees, 30 minutes. Thus, the dividing ridge between the head waters of the extreme western branches of the Red Cedar river (Otter Creek and Elk Fork), is probably the boundary between the limestones of the Devonian and Carboniferous Eras." PROP\ AGASSIZ AT IOWA CITY. During the summer of 1800, the emment professor of Zoology in Har- vard University, Prof. Louis x^gassiz, made a visit to Iowa City, and here for the first time in his lite saw coral beds of the Devonian age of geology. (See geological chart on page 547.) This circumstance rendered the event of his visit here one of note and interest to the whole scientific world, and HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 555 permanently fixed Iowa city in the directories of science as one of the marked localities where rare and important fossil specimens could readily be collected. Mrs. Agassiz, who was a lady of fine culture, a sci- entist herself, and yet a plain-hearted, motherly woman, was with her husband on this occasion; in fact he rarely went anywhere without her. They came to Iowa City as guests of Prof. T. S. Parvin; and Newton Parvin, who was then a mere lad, remembers how they all went out fossil- gathering. The first place they came to, where many specimens were found was just where the filter chamber of the city waterworks is now built, at the upper end of Madison street. Here Prof. Agassiz ran about just like a little boy under a windfall apple tree, picking up everything he saw that had fossil marks on it; and when he had collected a pile as big as a half-bushel measure, he called out, " Here, mother, we must take all these home with us." Prof Parvin laughed, and said, " O, we'll find plenty of nicer ones than those." The party went on for a mile or two along the river bank, and among the stone quarries; and Agassiz was so delighted and enthusiastic about the rich finds of fossils that every time they stopped he would hurry around and gather a new pile of speci- mens, and say, " Now, mother, we must take all these home." All of his piles would have made a lumber wagon load; but he was gratified by the choicest specimens being picked out and carried along for further study. That same evening he delivered a lecture on the very matters over which he had been so much elated during the day; and in regard to this historic event we quote the report published in the State Press at the time, as follows: PROF. AGASSIZ AND HIS LECTURE. On Wednesday evening last the people of Iowa City were afforded the rare opportunity of hearing that profound student of science and cele- brated naturalist, Professor Agassiz. At an early hour the University chapel was filled with an intelligent and appreciative audience. After vocal music by a choir composed of young ladies and gentlemen, students of the University, the lecturer was introduced by Dr. O. M. Spencer. He surprised the greater portion of the audience by announcing the subject of the lecture to be "The Coral Reefs of Iowa City," most persons hav- ing associated coral with the sea, and never thought that the earth on which we now dwell was once, during the infinity of the past, submerged by the waters. The lecturer at once proceeded to his subject with the familiarity of manner as though he were about to instruct a class. His lecture through- out was illustrated by the use of the blackboard. He said it had afforded him much pleasure to have the opportunity of visiting this locality and observing for himself the coral formations of which he had heard in the east,' and fully satisfying himself with regard to the geological character of this country. He explained the process of coral growth by reference to the reefs on the coast of Florida, fully described the structure and functions of the coral animal, and explained the manner in which these little creatures extract the calcareous portion of the sea-water; how the 556 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. new polyps appear in the form of a bud on the side of the first individual, and how their additions continue to be made until twelve millions of them have been known to exist in a single cluster. Coral is the strong frame which belongs to these animals as a skeleton belongs to individuals of the higher orders of animals, being formed by the involuntary secretion of cal- careous matter. He explained how the great coral reefs were formed by the successive growth of Astreas, Madrepores, Meandrinas, etc., and their solidification, in process of time, occasioned by the constantly increas- ing pressure, into a substance differing in no essential particular from the strata of limestone spread over the western states, as well as the other different characteristics that are impressed on these formations by the different conditions in which they exist depending on temperature and pressure. The American continent, instead of being the "new world," was really much older than any part of the eastern hemisphere, an original continen- tal form having appeared much earlier along the line of the great lakes, extending east and west, and with this as a basis, the coral animals had for ages lived, died, and solidified until this gradual process had formed the vast continent on which we live. The next projection above the water was the Alleghany mountains, extending through the eastern portion of the continent. Here, in the vicinity of our city, the evi- dence of coal formation were found in perfection. We do not pretend to give even an outline ot the lecture, but merely to indicate to our read- ers something of the course pursued in the treatment of this, to most of us, very novel subject. The lecturer cannot be said to be eloquent, his oratory being altogether of the conversational and instructive style. That he is a profound master of natural sciences there can be no doubt, and has the peculiar faculty of making everything so plain that all who hear him wonder that they had not known the same things long ago, and that they were not capable of elucidating them as well as the distinguished scholar to whom they listened. After the lecture, Prof. Agassiz was handsomely entertained by Prof. T. S. Parvin at his residence, where the facutly of the University, and a few invited guests, had an opportunity to become personally acquainted with him, and to learn something of the true power of his mind from private conversation. On Thursday morning he delivered a lecture on the subject of the "Glaciers" to the students and faculty of the University, in which his vast knowledge of the transformations and changes the earth has under- gone, was fully displayed. He described the process by which ice is formed, and explained the difference in the formation of ice from water and from snow — described the immense glaciers he has examined in Europe, one of which he had measured with a line to the deapth of 1,000 feet — explained the causes by which these immense masses of ice are put in motion, and the eflects produced upon the 'country over which thev move. He said that the evidences of a " glacier " having passed over any portion of the earth's surface were palpable to every geologist, and as easily distinguished as a silver coin is distinguished from a copper penny. These indications are the deposits of " drifts," or loose stones upon the surface, and the polished appearence of the stones and rocks. All parts of Europe bear evidences of having at one time been under immense loads of moving ice, and the lecturer accounted for the boulders and smooth n HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 557 Stones that are scattered over our prairies on the hypothesis that immense iceburgs had once moved down from the north over the country. FOSSILS OF JOHNSON COUNTY. The Department of Natural Science in the State University, which is in charge of Prof. Calvin, is well supplied with representative fossils of the different geological |ages, from all parts of Iowa and many of the more important fossil beds of the United States, and some foreign countries. Iowa City has not only a national but a world-wide name in scientific cir- cles, from the fact that Prof. Agassiz here first saw fossil corals of the Devonian age in situ — that is, undisturbed, lying in their place and posi- tion just as they grew, during that far remote period of geological time; [see geological chart on page 547] ; and also from the fact that specimens of rare interest to students of paleontology are so easily obtained here. Prof. Calvin's collection is of course especially rich and full in specimens from the fossil beds of Johnson county; and he has very kindly furnished, for this work, a complete list of them, which has not before been pub- lished anywhere. There are now known to be at least twenty species of Iowa fossils unpublished — some of them entirely new to science; and doubtless many more will be discovered, for Iowa has as yet done less for geological science than even Minnesota, Missouri, or Kansas. All of her geological surveys have been cramped, and stinted, and hurried, from lack of funds. FOSSILS OF JOHNSON COUNTY. LIST PREPARED BY PROF. SAMUEL CALVIN, A. M., PROPE880R OP NATURAL SCIENCE IN THE IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY. With the exception of a few species of coal plants found in the small outlier of carboniferous sandstone near Terrill's Mill, the fossils of Johnson county are largely the common species that characterize the Devon- ian limestones everywhere in the west. The following Devonian species have been recognized: CLASS, PROTOZOA. — ORDER, SPONGIDA. {F'ossil Sponges.) Astreaspongia hamiltonensis. Meek and Worthen. Idiostroma gordiaceum, Winchell. Ccenostroma pustulifera, Winchell. Csenostroma monticulifera, Winchell. Casnostroma (undescribed species.) Stromatopora polymorpha* (?) and other species. *8tromatopra grew in a body of layers like a pile of inverted dishes, commencing with a very small one in the center at the bottom and gradually increasing upward and outward. CeBiiostroma pustulifera is compossed of layers dotted with little pustule-like elevations on 558 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. CLASS, CCELENTERATA. — ORDER, RUGOSA. Acervularia davidsoni, Edwards & Haime. Acervularia profunda, Hall. Phillipsastrea gigas,* Owen. Diphyphyllum archiaci, Billings. Cyathophyllum, robustum, Hall. Cystiphvllum americanum, Edwards and Haime. Cystiphyllum conifollis, Hall. Chonophylluni macrnificum, Rominger(?) Cyathophyllum-j- (undescribed species). AuloLophyllum sulcatum, Edwards and Haime. ORDER TABULATA. Favosites :{; emmonsi, Rominger. Favosites hamiltonensis, Rom. Favosites hemispherica, Yandell & Shumard, Var. Favosites limitaris, Rom. Favosites digitatus, Rom. Favosites placenta, Rom. Alveolites goldfussi, Billings. Striatopora iowensis, Owen. Striatopora rugosa, Hall. Syringopora nobilis, Billings. Aulopora (two or three species.) Monticulipora monticola, White. CLASS, ECHINODERMATA — ORDER, CRINOIDEA.** Strobilocystites calvini. White. Strobilocystites polleyi, (new species), Calvin. Nucleocrinus angularis, Lyon. Nucleocrinus, (new species). one side and a corresponding pit on the other side vvliere the pustule on the next layer below fitted up into it. ^ G. monticulifera is what the Iowa C'ity marble cutters call "wave;" its wavy lines look somewhat lixe an outline map of a range of monticles, or hillocks — hence the scientific name given to it. — H. A. R. *The difi'erent species of Acervulnrid and Phillipsastrea are what the marble workers and people of Iowa City call "birds-eye" marble. — H. A. R. f Some varieties of Cydthophyllum are calyx-shaped, or cup-like, having a depression io the larcre end and th(;ii tapering to a point like a horn tip, and usually somewliat curvedi. They have been called and believed to be petrified buflalo calf's horns, by unlearned people. — H. A. R. I The different species of Favosites form the kind of stone commonly called "fish egg" marble; but it is an entirely diflerent product from the true fish-egg or oolite marble, which is not found hen; at all. Favosites means "honey comb stone," and all of those specimens which loi,k like petrified honey comb belong to this genus. — H. A. R. **The crinoids grew on a jointed stem, which had roots like a plant in the sea lx)ttom mud, and sui)ported a head with arms that grew out from the common center and turned' up; these arms bore a fringe of vibratile cilia, which makes a well preserved fossil speci- men look like one side of a quill feather. The stem shows an annulated or ring joint structure which leads to their being often called petrified worms. But they belong to that great group of radiate animals which includes also the star fishes,— -H. A. R. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 559 Megistocrinus farnsworthi, White. Melocrinus solonensis''' (new species). CLASS, MOI.LUSCAf — ORDER, BRACHIOPODA. Strophodonta erratica, Winchell. Strophodonta demissa, Conrad. Streptorhynchus chemungensis, Conrad. Orthis iowensis, Hall. Chonetes lineata, Vanuxem. Chonetes scitula, Hall. Productella dissimilis, Hall. Productella subalata, Hall. Spirifera parryana. Hall Spirifera pennata, Owen, Spirifera whitneyi, Hall. Spirifera aspera, Hall. Spirifera subvaricosa, Hall and Whitfield. Spirifera fimbriata, Conrad. C3'rtina hamiltonensis. Hall. Athyris vittata, Hall. Atrypa reticularis, Linn^etus, Atrypa aspera, var. occidentalis. Hall. Gypidula occidentalis, Hall Gypidula htviuscula, Hall. Pentamerella dubia, Hall. Pentamerella micula, Hall. Rhynchonella intermedia, Barris. Leiorhynchus altus, Calvin. Terebratula romingeri. Hall Terebratula linkkeni, Hall. Tropidoleptus carinatus, Conrad. Tropidoleptus occidens. Hall. ORDER, LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. Casts of these two-valved mollusks are not uncommon, but the preser- vation is usually such as to make it impossible to identify them. ORDER, GASTEROPODA. Platyceras, (four or five undescribed species). Euomphalus cyclostomus. Hall. Tentacutites hoyti. White. * This new species was first found at Solon, in Big Grove township, and hence was so named by Prof. Calvin.— H. A. R. f Mollusks are the great variety of so-called shell fish. The shell rock of which the Uni- versity central hall is l)uilt, and which is extensively used for curb stones and other pur- poses throughout Iowa City, is almost entirely composed of the shells of different species of mollusks. ---H. A. K. 560 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. ORDER, CEPHALOPODA. Casts of chambered shells belonging to the genera Orthoceras^ Goniph- oceras and Gyroceras are quite common in some localities. CLASS, ARTICULATA- -ORDER, CRUSTACEA. ( Trilobites.y''' CLASS, VERTEBRATA — ORDER, FISHES. Dermal plates of the curious fish Dinichthys^ and teeth and fin spines of Devonian sharks, are sparingly distributed through all the rocks of the county. Of the Carboniferous fossils only two have been identified, and these only generically. Calamites. Lepidodendron. The two species of Strobilocystites are represented in my collection by three specimens, and it is interesting to note that, so far as known, these are the only specimens of Devonian Cystideans that have ever been collected. The type is usually regarded as having become extinct in the Upper Silurian; but, in this particular locality, at least, Cystideans per- sisted as late as the middle of the Devonian age. The Strobilocystites calvini was described by Dr. C. A. White in the publications of the Philadelphia Academy of Science, for 1876. The S. folleyi differs from it in being larger, more globose, and in having the surface ornamented with minute irregular, vermicular furrows instead of the papillae that characterizes the S. calvini. The arm grooves of S. polleyi do not reach more than half way to the base. Prof. D. D. Owen describes a number of species of fossils from this locality, but I have not been able to identify them all. It is very probable that his Chonetes iowensis is identical with Chonetes scitula, of Hall, but his drawing and description are so imperfect as to make it impossible to determine the fact with absolute certainty. Others of Owen's species doubtless pass under names assigned to them by more recent workers. * The trilobites were a sort of three-lobed cross between a worm and a crayfish. There were scores of different species of them in the ancient seas, but only one kind has yet been foimd in Johnson county. — H. A. R. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 561 CHAPTER IX.— PART 3. NATURAL HISTORY. A Lesson iu Zoology. — Mr. Shimek's Report — Lists of Beasts, Birds, Reptiles, Fishes. — Native Animals. — Bear and Wolf Stories. — Wolf Scalp Bounties. — The Game Law. — Game and Fish Interests. A LESSON IN ZOOLOGY. Bohumil Shimek, a student in the State University, class of 1883, has made a special study of the zoolog}^ and botany of Johnson county. An additional interest attaches to Mr. Shimek's work from the fact that he is himself one of the "native animals" of Johnson count}^, having been born in Jefferson township, June 25, 1801, of Bohemian parentage. He took the full college course in natural science, and kept the laboratory well supplied with live frogs, for illustrative experiments on muscle and nerve action. His expertness in catching frogs by hand led his class-mates to perpetrate the joke that Shimek was a Frenchman, and would never starve to death as long as there was a wild frog loose in the country. Mr. Shimek stands very high in the esteem and confidence of Prof. Calvin, as a diligent, careful, thorough going and zealous student of science; and it is pleasant to record that the best study yet made of the zoology of John- son county has been by one of her own sons. MR. SHIMEK'S REPORT. LIST OF MAMMALS. 1. Felis concolor (L.) — American panther or cougar. 2. Lynx rufus, (Gul.) — American wild-cat or lynx. 3. Canis lupus, (L.) — Common wolf. The "timber" and "prairie" wolves are zoologically the same. 4. Vulpes vulgaris (Flem.) — Red fox, very variable; known by the fol- lowing other names: Cross fox, black fox. 5. Putorius vulgaris, (Cuv.) — Least weasel; usually white in winter. 6. Putorius ermineus, (Cuv.) — Common weasel ; white in winter. 7. Putorius vison, (Gap.) — Common mink; quite frequently met with. 8. Taxidea americana, (Bd.) — American badger. 9. Mephitis mephitica, (Bd.) — Common skunk; plenty. 10. Lutra canadensis, (Sab.) — American Otter. 11. Ursus americanus, (Pallas.) — Bear. 12. Procyon lotor, (Ston.) — Common raccoon. This species was formerly abundant, but as the heavy timber is being cut away, it is becom- ing rarer. They can be seen most easily in early spring, during the "love" season ; at this time the males become very fierce, and are more likely to show "fight" than at other times. 13. Cariacus virginianus, (Gray.) — Red deer; formerly abundant. My 562 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. father, who came to the countr}- in 1856 and settled in Jefferson township, used to tell of deer that he had seen in Hutchin's grove. [Mr. Shimek omits the elk — (Cervus canadensis) — individuals and herds of which were occasionally seen by the early settlers in Johnson county.] — Editor. 14. Vespertilio subulatus, (Say.) — Little brown bat; very common. Probabl}' Hvo other species of vespertilio are found in the county. 15. Atalapha noveboracensis, (Coues.) — Red bat. 16. Scalops argentatus (Aud. & Bach.) — Silvery mole or prairie mole. 17. Blarina brevicauda, (^Bd.) — Mole shrew, or short-tailed shrew; a small, insignificant species. 18. Sciuropterus volucella, (Geoff'.) — Common flying squirrel; abun- dant. 19. Sciurus niger (Linn.) — Fox squirrel; common. 20. Sciurus carolinensis, (Aud.) — Gray squirrel, orj black squirrel This species varies from a grizzly yellowish gray to pure jet-black; the jet-black form is very rare here. 21. Tamias striatus, (Bd.) — Chipmunk, or ground squirrels; very com- mon in the timber, and along hedge and fence-rows. 22. Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, (Aud, & Bach.) — Striped gopher, or thirteen-lined spermophiles. 23. Spermophilus franklini, (Rich.)— Gray gopher; these two species of gopher are found in fields and on the prairies. They are a great nuis- ance to farmers, destroying much corn. 24. Arctomys monax, (Gmel.) — Woodchuck, or ground-hog; formerly quite common, now rather rare. 25. Castor fiber, (L.) — Beaver; this species has become extinct in the last few years. Two specimens now in the University were captured about ten years ago. 26. Geomys bursarius, (Rich.) — Pouched gopher, pocket gopher; a farmers' pest. 27. Zapus hudsonius, (Coues.) — Jumping mouse; small, mouse-like. Remarkable for its jumping powers. 28. Arvicola riparius, (Ord.) — Meadow mouse. 29. Arvicola pinetorum, (Le C.) — Pine mouse; one specimen taken. There are probably three or four more species of the mouse-kind, but I have not sufficient data at hand to give a record. 30. Fiber zibethicus, (Cuv.) — Muskrat; very common. 31. Lepus sylvaticus, (Bach.) — Common rabbit; very common. 32. Didelphys virginiana, (Shaw.) — Opossum. Of the above list, numbers 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 11, 13, 25 and 32, are no longer found in the county. BIRDS. 1. Turdus migratorius, (L.) — Robin. 2. " mustelinus, (Gm.) — Wood thrush; a fine singer. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 563 3. Turdus pallasi, (Cab.) — Hermit thrush. 4. " swainsoni, (Cab.) — Olive-backed thrush. 5. Mitnus carolinensis, (Gm.) — Cat-bird; an exquisite songster, although its common note is harsh. 6. Harporhynchus rufus, (L.) Cab. — Brown thrush; a fine songster. 7. Sialia sialis, (L.) Hold. Blue-bird. S. Regulus calendula, (L.) Licht. — Ruby-crowned kinglet. 9. " satrapa, (Licht. — Golden-crested kinglet. 10. Polioptila c^rulea, (L.) Scl. — Blue-gray gnatcatcher. 11. Parus atricapillus, (L.) — Chickadee, or black-capped titmouse. 12. Sitta carolinensis, (Gm.) — White-bellied nuthatch. 13. " canadensis, (L.) — Red-bellied nuthatch. 14. Certhia familiaris, (L.) — Brown creeper. 15. Troglodytes aedon, (V.) — House wren. 16. Anorthura troglodytes, (L.) Cs. var. hyemalis (Wils.) Cs. — Win- ter wren. 17. Cistothorus stellaris, (Licht.) Cab. — Short-billed marsh wren. 18. Eremophila alpestris, (Forst) Boie. — Horned lark, or shore-lark; sometimes also called sky-lark. 19. Mniotilta varia, (L.) V. — Black and white creeper. 20. Parula americana, (L.) Jor. — Blue yellow-backed warbler. 21. Protonotaria citraea, (Bodd.) Bd. — Prothonotary warbler. 22. Dendroeca restive (Gm) Bd. — Summer warbler; yellow-bird. :23. " coronata (L.) Gr. — Yellow-rumped warbler. 24. " blackburni^, (Gm.) Bd. — Blackburnian warbler. 25. " castanea, (Wils.) Bd. — Bay-breasted warbler. 26. " pennsylvanica, (L.) Bd. — Chestnut-sided warbler. 27. " palmarum, (Gm.)Bd. — Yellow red-poll warbler. 28. " virens, (Gm.) Bd. — Black-throated green warbler. Probably other Dendnrca occur. 29. Seinrus anrocapillus, (L.) Sw. — Golden-crowned thrush. 30. " noveboracensis, (Gm.) Nutt. — Water wagtail, or water thrush. 31. " ludovi cianus, (V.) Bp. — Large-billed water thrush. 32. Geothlypis trichas, (L.) Cab. — Maryland yellow-throat. 33. Icteria virens, (L.) Bd. — Yellow-breasted chat. 34. Myiodioctes pusillus, (Wils) Bp. — Green black-capped flycatcher. 35. Myiodioctes canadensis, (L.) Aud. — Canadian fly catcher. Z^. Setophaga ruticilla, (L.) Sw. — Redstart. 37. Pyranga rubra, (L.) V. — Scarlet tanager. 38. Hirundo horreorum, (Barton) — Barn swallow. 39. Tachycineta bicolor, (^V.) Cs. — White-bellied swallow. 40. Petrochelidon lunifrons, (Say.) Cab. — Cliff" swallow, or eave swal low. 564 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 41. Cotyle riparia, (L.) Boie. — Bank swallow or sand martin. 42. Stelgidopteryx serripennis, (Aud) Bd. — Rough-winged swallow. 43. Progne purpurea (L,.) Boie. — Purple martin. 44. Ampelis garrulus, (L.) Bohemian waxwing. These beautiful birds visit us in flocks during the winter. 45. Ampelis cedrorum, (V.) Bd. — Cedar-bird, waxwing, or cherry-bir d 46. Vireo olivaceus, (L.) V. — Red-eyed vireo. 47. " gilvus, (V.) Bp. — Warbling vireo. 48. " flavifrons, (V.) — Yellow-throated vireo. 49. " solitarius, (V.) — Solitary vireo. 50. " belli, (Aud.)— Bell's vireo 51. Collurio borealis, (V.) Bd. — Butcherbird or great northern shrike.. 52. Collurio ludovicianus, (L.) Bd.--var. excubitoroides (Sw.) Co. — White-rumped shrike. 53. Carpodacus purpureus, (Gm.) Gr. — Purple finch. 54. Loxia leucoptera (Gmel) — White-winged cross-bill. 55. Aegiothus linaria, (L.) Cab.-- Red-poll linnett. 56. Chrysomitris tristis, (L.) Bp. — American gold finch. 57. Plectrophanes nivalis, (L.) Mey. — Snow bunting. 58. Passerculus savanna, (Wils) Bp. — Savanna sparrow. 59. Pooecetes gramineus, (Gm.) Bd. — Bay-winged bunting or grass finch. 60. Coturniculus passerinus, (Wils.) Bp. — Yellow-winged sparrow. 61. Melospiza palustris, (Wils) Bd. — Swamp sparrow. 62. Melospiza melodia, (Wils) Bd. — Song sparrow. 63. Junco hyemalis, (L.) Scl. — Snowbird. 64. Spizella monticola, (Gm.) Bd. — Tree sparrow. • 65. " socialis, (^Wils) Bp.— Chipping sparrow. 66. " pusilla, (Wils) Bp. — Field sparrow. 67. Zonotrichia albicollis, (Gm.) Bp. — White-throated sparrow. 68. Zonotrichia leucophrys, (Forst) Sw. — White-crowned sparrow. 69. Choudestes grammaca, (Say.) Bp. — Lark finch. 70. Passer domesticus, (Linn) — ^English sparrow. This pestiferous, pugnacious little rascal introduced himself probably from some of our eastern neighbors, Already one can notice in the University campus a wonderful dearth of other birds, while this little pest is seen every where- They will drive out the blue bird, robin and other common useful birds. 71. Passerella iliaca, (Sw.) — Fox sparrow. 72. Euspiza americana, (Gm.)Bp. — Black-throated bunting. 73. Goniaphea ludoviciana, (L.) Bowd. — Heart-bird or rose-breasted grosbeak. 74. Cyanospiza cyanea, (L.) Bd. — Indigo-bird. 75. Cardinalis virginianus (Briss) Bp. — Cardinal redbird. Severa have been seen, but it is possible that they were escaped cage birds. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 565 76. Pipilo erythrophthalmus, (L.) V. — Towhee bunting; chewink. 77. Dolichonyx oryzivorus,(L.) Sw.— Bobolink, reed-bird or rice-bird. 78. Molothrus ater, (Gm.) Gr. — Cowbird. This bird, like the Euro- pean cuckoo, deposits its eggs in the nests of other birds. 79. Agelgeus phoeniceus (L.) V. — Red-winged blackbird. 80. Xanthocephalus icterocephalus, (Bp.), Bd .- — ^Yellow-headed black- bird. 81. Sturnella magna, (L.) Sw. — Meadow lark. 82. Icterus spurius (L.) Bp. — Orchardoriole. 83. Icterus baltimore, (L.) D. — Baltimore oriole. 84. Quiscalus purpureus, (Licht.) — Purple grackle, or crow blackbird. 85. Corvus americanus, (Aud.) — Crow^ 86. Cvanurus cristatus, (L.) Sw. — Blue Jav. 87. Tyrannus carolinensis, (L.) Bd. — King bird; bee martin. 87. Myiarchus crinitus, (L.) Cab. — Great crested Flycatcher, This bird almost invariably has a cast-off snake's skin interwoven in its nest. 89. Sa3^ornis fuscus, (Gm.) Bd, — Pewee. 90. Contopus virens, (L.) Cab. — Wood Pewee, 91. Empidonax trailli, (Aud.) Bd, — Traill's fly catcher. 92. Empidonax minimus, (Bd.) — Least fly catcher. 93. Antrostomus vocif'erus (Wils.) Bp, — Whipporwill, 94. Chordeiles virginianus, (Briss.) Bp, — Night-hawk. This bird, which is usually seen flying about, at a considerable hight, at dusk, is com- monly mistaken for the Whipporwill, 95. Chajtura pelasgia, (L,) — Chimney swift, 96. Trochilus colubris, (L.) — Ruby-throated humming-bird. 96. Ceryle alcyon, (L.) Boie. — King-fisher, 98. Coccygus erythrophthalmus, (Wils.) Bd. — Black-billed cuckoo, 99. Cocc3'gus americanus (L.) Bp. — Yellow-ebllied cuckoo. 100. Picus villosus, (L.) — Hairy woodpecker. 101. Picus pubesceus (L.) — Lowny woodpecker. 102. Sphyrapicus varius, (L.) Bd.— Yellow-bellied woodpecker. 103. Centurus carolinus, (L.) Bp, — Red-bellied woodpecker. 104. Melanerpes erythrocephalus, (L.) Sw. — -Red-headed woodpecker. 105. Colaptes auratus, (L.) Sw, — Flicker, or golden-winged wood- pecker, 106. Bubo virginianus (Gm,) Bp, — Great horned owl. 107. Scops asio (L.) Bp. — Screech owl. 108. Otus vulgaris (L,) var. wilsonianus, (Less) — Long-eared owl. 109. Brachyotus palustris (Anct.) — Short-eared owl. 110. Syrnium nebulosum, (Forst.) Gm. — Barred owl. 111. Nyctea nivea (Dawd) Gr. — Snowy owl. Occurs rarely, only during severe winters. 36 566 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 112. Circus cyaneus (L.) var. hudsonius (L.) Cs, — Marsh hawk. 113. Nauclerus furcatus (L.) Vig. — Swallow-tailed kite. 114. Accipiter fuscus, (Gm.) Bp. — Sharp-shinned hawk. 115. Accipiter cooperi (Bp.) — Cooper's hawk. 116. Astur atricapillus (Wils.) Bp. — Goshawk. 117. Falco columbarius (L.) — Pigeon hawk. 118. Falco sparverius (L.) — Sparrow hawk. 119. Buteo borealis (Gm.) V. — Red-tailed buzzard or hen hawk. 120. Beuto lineatus (Gm.) — Red-shouldered buzzard. 121. Beuto pennsylvanicus (Wils.) Bp. — Broad- winged buzzard. 122. Beuto swainsoni (Bp.) — Swainson's bzzard. 123. Pandion halietus, (L.) Sav. — Fish-hawk; osprey; fish eagle. 124. Aquila chrysaetus, (L.) — Golden eagle. 125. Halietus leucocephalus (L.) Sav.— Bald eagle or white-headed eagle. This is the emblem of our country. Both of the last two speci- mens occur quite frequently. 126. Cathartes aura (L.) 111. — Turkey buzzard. 127. Ectopistes Tnigratorius (L.) Sw.— Wild pigeons. 128. Zenasdura carolinensis (L.) Bp. — Mourning dove, or Carolina dove; sometimes wrongly called turtle dove. 129. Meleagris gallopavo, (L.) — Wild turkey. These were formerly common, and a few may still be found in heavy timber. I saw three last fall in the heavy timber eight miles north of Iowa City. 130. Cupidonia cupido (L.) Bd. — Prairie hen or pinnated grouse. 131. Bonasa umbellus (L.) (Steph.) — Variously called rufTed grouse, partridge, and pheasant. The two last are wrong. 132. Ort3^x virginianus, (L.) Bp. — Quail, bob-white, Virginia partridge. 133. Aegialitis vociferus, (L.) Cass. — Kildeer plover. 134. Philohela minor (Gm.) Gray. — Woodcock. 135. Gallinago wilsoni, (Bd.)- -American snipe; Wilson's snipe. 136. Ereuntes pusillus, (L.) Cass. — Peep, or Semipalmated sand-piper. 137. Tringa minutilla (Vieill). — Least sand piper. 138. Tringa maculata (Vieill) — Jack snipe, grass snipe, pectoral snipe. 139. Totanus semipalmatus (Gm.) — Willet, semipalmated plover. 140. Totanus melanoleucus (Gm.) — Greater tell-tale, yellow shanks. 141. Totanus flavipes, (Gm.) Lesser tell-tale; lesser yellow shanks. 142. Totanus solitarius (Wil.) — Solitary tattler. 143. Tringoides macularius (Gray) — Tip-up, spotted sandpiper, or teeter-tail. 144. Actiturus bartramius (Wil.)— Bon. — Upland plover. This is a bird which farmers ought to protect on account of the large number of grubs which it destroys. 145. Tryngites rufescens (Vieill.) — Cab. — Buff-breasted sandpiper. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 567 146. Numenius longirostris(Wil.) — Long-billed curlew. Rarely occurs 147. Numenius borealis (Lath.) — Esquimaux Curlew. 148. Ardea herodias (L.) — Great blue heron. 149. Garzetta candidissima (Jacq.) Bon. — Snowy Egret. One specimen seen in spring of 1S81. 150. Ardea virescens (L.) Bon. — Green heron; Fly-up-the-creek. 151. N3'ctiardea grisea (L.) var nevia, (Bodd.) — Allen — Night heron. 152. Botaurus minor (Gm.) Boie. — Bittern, Thunder pump, Stake driver. 153. Grus americanus (L.) Ord — White crane. 154 '' canadensis (L.) Lemm — Brown or sand hill crane. *The last two merely pass over during migratory season. 155. Rallus elegans (Aud.) — King rail. 156. " virginianus (L.) — Virginia rail. 157. Porzana Carolina (L.) V. — Carolina rail. 158. Fulica americana (Gm.) Coot; Mud hen. 159. Cygnus buccinator (Rich.) — Trumpeter swan. And probably 160. Cygnus columbianus (Ord.) — Cs. — Whistling swan. Were fre- quently seen during migrations in former years. 161. Anser albifrons (Gm.) var. gambeli (Cs.) — White-fronted goose. 162. " hyperboreus (Pallas.) — Snow goose. 163. Branta canadensis (L.) — Wild goose, Canada goose. 164. Anas boschas (L.) — Mallard duck. 165. " obscura (Gm.)^ — Black duck. 166. Dafila acuta (L.) Jen.— Pin-tail. 167. Chanlelasmus streperus (L.) Gray — Gadwall. 168. Mareca Americana (Gm.) Steph. — American Widgeon, Baldpate. 169. Querquedula discors (L.) Steph. — Blue-winged teal. 170. " carolinensis (Gm.) — Green-winged teal. 171. Spatula ch^peata (L.) Boie. — Shoveller, Spoon-bill. 172. Aix sponsa (L.; Boie. — Wood duck. Summer duck. 173. Fuligula marila (L.) — Big scaup duck. 174. " affinis (E3^ton.) — Lesser scaup duck. 175. " coUaris (Don.) — Ring-necked duck. 176. " ferina (L.) var. Americana (Eyton) — Red head. 177. " vallisneria (Wil.) — Canvas-back duck. 178. Bucephala albeola (L.) — Dipper, buffle head, butter ball. 179. Mergus merganser (L.) — Goosander, fish duck. 180. Mergus cucullatus (L.) — Hooded merganser. 181. Pelicanus trachyrhynchus (Lath.) — White pelican; usually occurs in large flocks, 182. Graculus dilophus (Sw.) — Double crested cormorant. *There are undoubtedly other waders here, especially during the migratory season, but I have not data to give record. 568 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 183. Sterna hirundo (Auct.)— Sea swallow, Wilson's tern. 184. " forsteri (Nutt.) — Forster's tern. 185. " caspia (Pall.) var. imperator (?) Cs. — Caspian tern. 186. " superciliaris (Vieill.) — Least tern. 187. Hydrochelidon lariformis (L.)Black or Sooty tern. 188. Colvmbus torquatus (Brunn) — Loon, diver. 189. Podiceps cornutus (Gm.) — Horned grebe. 190. Podilymbus podiceps (L.) — Hell diver, Pied billed grebe. RKPTH^IA. 1. Cistudo clausa (Gm.) — Box turtle. 2. Chrysemys picta (Herm.) (?) — Painted turtle. 2. Malacoclemmys geographicus (Le. S.) — Map turtle. 4. Pseudemys hieroglyphica (Holbe) — Hieroglyphic turtle. 5. Chelydra serpentina (L.)— Snapping turtle. 6. Aspidonectes spinifer (Le. S. ) — Soft-shelled turtle. 7. Phrynosoma douglasi (Bell.) — Horned toad; one specimen taken east of Iowa City in 1880. This is really a lizard and is very rare in Iowa. 8. Opheosaurus yentralis (L.) — Glass snake. This, also, is really a lizard, but without external legs. 9. Eumeces septentrionalis (Bd.) — Northern skink. 10. Heteodon platyrhinus (Lat.) — Blowing Viper. 11. Tropidonotus sipedon (L.) — Water snake. 12. " leberis (L.) (?) — Leather snake. 13. Eutaenia saurita (L.) — Riband Snake, or switt snake. 14. " sirtalis (L.)^z'«r. dorsalis (B. «& G.) — Garter snake. 15. " " var. parietalis (Say). 16. Bascanium constrictor (L.) — Black snake. 17. Pityophis melanoleucus (Daud.) — Bull snake. 18. Coluber obsoletus (Say.) — Pilot snake, or racer. 19. Liopeltis vernalis (DeK.) — Green snake, or spring snake. 20. Ophibolus doliatus (L.) var. triangulus (Boie.)— Spotted adder, milk snake, house snake. ' 21. Crotalus horridus (L.) — Banded, or timber rattlesnake. 22. Candisona tergemina (Say.) — Massassangas, prairie rattlesnake. [List not entirely complete. ] BATRACHIA. 1. Rana halecina (Kalm. — Leopard frog. 2. " catesbiana (Shaw)— Bull frog. 3. Hyla versicolor ( LeC.) — Tree toad. 4. Bufo lentiginosus (Shaw.) — Toad. 5. Amblystoma mavortium. — Salamander. 6. Necturus lateralis (Say.) — Mud puppy, water dog. [List not entirely complete.] HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 569 FfSHES. 1. Poecilichthys crituleus (Stor.) — Rainbow fish, or blue darter; an exquisite, hicrhly colored little fish. 2. Stizostethium vitreum (Mitch.) — Wall-eyed pike, yellow pike. 3. Microterus pallidas (^Raf.) — Black bass. 4. Ambloplites rupestris (Raf.) — Rock bass, goggle-eye. 5. Apomotis cyanellus (Raf.) — Blue-spotted sunfish. 6. Eupomotis aureus (Walb.) — Pumpkin-seed. 7. Pomoxys annularis (Raf.) — Crappie.(?) 8. Haploidonotus grunniens (Raf.) — Sheepshead. 9. Labidesthes sicculus (Cope.) — River silversides. 10. Zygonectes notatus (Raf.) — Top minnow. 11. Melanura limi (Kirt.) — Mud minnow. 12. Esox nobilior (Thomp.)--Muskallunge, or great pike. 13. Hyodon tergisus (LeS.) — Silver bass. 14. Alosa sapidissima (Wil.) — Shad; introduced by the State Fish Commissioner. 15. Campostoma anomala (Raf.) — Stone roller. 16. Luxilus cornutus (Mitch.) — Red fin, or common shiner. 17. Semotilus corporalis (Mitch.) — Common chub. 18. Ceratichthys biguttatus (Kirt.) — Horned chub. 19. Myxostoma macrolepida (LeS.) — Mullet, or red horse. 20. Catostomus teres (Mit.) -Common white sucker. 21. Carpiodes velifer (Raf.) — QuiU-back. 22. Ichthyobus bubalus (Ag.) (?)— Bufialo-fish. 23. Ichthitlurus punctatus (Raf.) — Channel catfish, blue cat. 24. Amiurus nigricans (LeS.) — Mississippi cat, great blue cat. 25. " catus (L.) — Bull-head cat. 26. Pelodichthys olivaris (Raf.)— Mud cat. 27. Anguilla rostrata (LeS.) — Common eel. 28. Amia calva (L.) — Dog-fish. 29. Lepidosteus osseus (L.) — Gar pike. 30. Polyodon folium (Lac.) — Spoon-billed sturgeon. 31. Scaphirhynchops platyrhvnchus (Raf.) — Shovel-nosed sturgeon,,, shovel-fish. This list is very incomplete. There are other species, particularly of minnows, but I have no records at hand. Crustacea. — There are two, or perhaps three varieties of crayfish, besides a number of small crustaceans, which for want of a better name are commonly called water bugs, sand bugs, etc. GENERAL SUMMARY. In richess of natural products Johnson county equals any in the State. Of Mamniah there are twenty-five species, representing twenty genera and twelve families. Number of specimens taken was about 100. 5T0 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Of Birds there are 196 species, representing 136 genera and forty-two families. Of these, ten species are winter visitants only; twenty -three are residents, and about ninety-five breed here. The remainder are mere migrants or stragglers. Number of specimens taken, about 2,000. Of Reptilia there are abotit Q.\g\i\.^77, it was ordered that the bounty should be raised to $4 for full thrown wolf scalps, and $;^ for whelps. The county treasurer's report in June, 1882, showed $186 paid as wolf bounty since the preceding)- January 1; and $1 paid for a wild cat. June 7, 1867, an order was adopted that the county would pay a bounty of fifteen cents each for the scalps of all gophers killed within Johnson county. Samuel Hess and M. W. Davis furnish the following list, by their com- mon names, of the Large Watcr-hirds. — White swan, pelican, wild goose, sand-hill crane bittern, blue heron. Smaller Water-hirds. — Black and brown loon, caw, mud-hen, teal, mal- lard duck, pin-tail duck, wood duck, redhead duck, spoonbill duck, butter- ball duck, widgeon duck, canvas-back duck, fish duck, dipper, blue-winged and green-winged teal, killdeer or plover, Wilson's snipe, jack-snipe, yel- low-legged snipe, tip-up snipe, stilt sand-piper, marsh tern, sea gulls. English 6"^«rr6?zt^5.— Somebody introduced the pestiferous English spar- row at Iowa City. Whoever it was, he ought to read Secretary Shaf- fer's report on this bird to the State Agricultural Society (printed report, 1880, pp. 12 to 17), and then go out and scrape himself for a Job's fool. Mr. Shaffer cites about sixty different writers on the subject, and fully ninety per cent, of them condemn the introduction of the bird into this country as a piece of most luckless enterprise and unwisdom. Toads and Frogs. — The common wart}' toad is found in fields and gar- dens. He lives entirely on slugs, worms and insects that are injurious to the farmer; and farm children should be taught never to kill a toad. Of frogs there are more varieties. We have the big old buU-gerum that sings in a deep bass voice, "Old Hodge — got drunk — got drunk — got drunk — Old Hodge — got drunk — ker chunk — gewunk — Old Hodge — got drunk" — and so on to the end of the chapter. Then there is the sleek, smooth-legged. Frenchman's frog, the hind legs of which form such a rare dish among the Parisian epicures. It is the most [delicate and deli- cious meat in the world. We also have the delicately spotted spring frog — or leopard frog — the same kind about which the nursery song says: "There was a frog lived in a well. '■ *— And a mouse lived in a mill. The frog he would a wooing go" — and finally married the mouse's sister. That's the chap. Then we have the sucker-footed or tree frog as another variety. Snakes. — The "massasauga," or prairie rattlesnake. This is a smaller sort of rattlesnake, and will rear up half his length then strike to bite, even when lying straight, and its rattle is so small and faint that it scarcely amounts practically to a warning-. The name "massasauga" was given to it by the Indians; but whether they got it from some French or Span- 576 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. ish word, or originated it themselv^es, nobody knows; neither is it known why it was so named. Tellozv Rattlesnake. — This is the big deadly fellow that is got up for business. It is found only in wooded land or rocky places. It usually lies coiled up, and when anything approaches, it sounds its rattle vigor- ously, then throws its head forward by a muscular propulsion from all along its length, so that a large one can spring a distance of ten feet or more and strike deadly fangs into its foe. But when not coiled it has little or no power to rear its head and strike, and can onl}^ bite what gets near its head. Bull 07' Blow Snake, — This is a blustering and frightful snake, from the fact that it grows large and will rear up and blow or hiss like a goose. It is distinctively a prairie snake. M. W. Davis has one at his drug store in Iowa City, which he stuffed about twent}^ years ago, and which measures six and a half feet long — supposed to be the longest snake ever killed in Johnson county. Don't know who killed it. Garter Snake. — Two or three varieties. Green or Grass Snake. — This creature seems to change color, within certain limits, and takes on the line of the foliage where he happens to lie in wait for the bugs and worms or their larvae, which form his food. It will change from a deep, rich grassy green color to almost brown, and hence is seldom seen or noticed by man. Its apparent change of color is only from the difterent light or shade that falls upon it, the same as change- able silk goods. 6^/^55 Snake. — This is peculiar in that it is so deficient in muscular tena- city that when struck a smart blow in one place it will break into three or four pieces, the same as a glass rod would. They are not numerous. This is properly a legless lizard. It has rudimentary legs and feet under the skin. Water Snake — [sometimes called pilot snake.] This is the one that is sometimes seen swimming with its body all under water, and head above. When on land it usually lies coiled up not far from the water's edge, and has probably in this way been mistaken for the copperhead snake; this latter species is not found in Johnson county, although some says it is. THE IOWA GAME LAW. The following are the main points of the game law of Iowa, as now in force, 1882: Section 2. It shall be unlawful for any persons within this State to shoot or kill any pinnated grouse or prairie chicken, between the first day of December, and the fifteenth day of August next following; any wood- cock between the first day of Januar}^ and the tenth day of July; any rufled grouse or pheasant, wild turkey or quail, between the first of Jan- uary and the first day of October; any wild duck, goose or brant between the first day of May and the fifteenth day of August; or any wild deer, elk or fawn between the first da}^ of January and the first day of Sep- tember. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 577 Sec. 3. At shall be unlawful for any person, at any time, or at any place, within this State, to shoot or kill for traffic any pinnated grouse or prairie chicken, woodcock,. quail, ruffed grouse or pheasant; or for any one person to shoot or kill during any one day, more than twenty-five of either kind of said named birds; or for any one person, firm or corpora- tion, to have more than twenty-five of either kind of said named birds in his or their possession at any one time, unless lavvfulh^ received for tians- portation; or to catch or take, or attempt to catch or take, with any trap, snare or net, an}^ of the birds or animals named in section two (2) of this act, or in any manner wilfully to destroy the eggs or nests of any of the birds hereby intended to be protected from destruction. Sec. 4. It shall be unlawful for any person to kill, trap or ensnare, any beaver, mink, otter, or muskrat, between the first day of April and the first day of November, except where such killing, trapping, or snaring may be for the protection of private property. Sec. 5. It shall be unlawful for any person, company or corporation, to buy or sell, or have in possession any of the birds or animals named in section two (2) of this act during the period when the killing of such bird or animal is prohibited by said section two (2) except during the first five days of such prohibited period; and the having in possession by any per- son, company or corporation, of any such birds or animals during such prohibited period except during the first five days thereof, shall be deemed prima facie evidence of a violation of this act. GAME AND FISH INTERESTS. Sometime in 1S60 the Uudubon Club of Johnson county was organized, partly to enjoy the sports and recreation of gun and rod; but chiefiy to enforce the laws for preventing a wanton destruction and extermination of the game animals and birds of the country. The principal members of this club were: Walter Curtis, C. F. Lovelace, T. M. Van bury, W. D. Berryhill, Harry Sperry, and John Seydel — the latter being secretary But the interest soon waned, and the organization practically died out. In July, 1867, we find the name of H. W. Baldwin as president and G. W. Koontz, secretary. April 16, 1880, the Johnson County Game and Fish Association was organized, to enforce the State laws for preventing the extermination of wild game and the food varieties of fish. The officers elected were: J. J. Holmes, president; C. P. Bacon, secretary. Forty-five members were enrolled. The new state law aimed to preserve our native food fishes from extermination by giving them passageway up and down the rivers as their habits require, and prohibiting their being taken in their breeding season, or with seines or drag nets, or at dams where they would be accumulated in large numbers by this obstruction to their migratory movements. The law required fish ways to be put into all dams of a cer- tain height — beyond what the fish could pass over during high water. The dam at Coralville was the only one on the Iowa river requiring a fish way, under the law. This club tried to have the owners of that dam put in afishway; but they flatly refused, claiming that the law was uncon- stitutional, and vowing that they would resist and fight it through all the 578 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. courts in the land before they would obey it. The law made it the duty of the county board of supervisors to see that its requirements were obeyed, but was miserably lame and deficient in providing ways and means whereby they could enforce the authority given them. They were like three brigadier generals ordered to capture a belligerent fort, without arms, ammunition, subsistence or soldiers to back them. What! couldn't three brigadiers capture one fort? Well, hardly. And no more could three zoMx\\.Y supervisors, armed only with words, coerce a weathly, power, fu 1 and defiant milldam compan\\ Good lawyers differed as to the prob- able result of a legal contest over the matter; and the supervisors did not feel justified in taking steps which would involve the county as a party litigant in so doubtful a case — but preferred waiting till the law should be either repealed, or amended so as to provide adequate means and methods for its enforcement. And so it stands to this day. The Game and Fish Association employed a man for some time as a special policeman to watch the river and prevent people from fishing with drag nets, or with hooks or dip-nets close to the dam, contrary to the law Thereupon the spirits of our icthj^ophagous ancestors suddenly took possession of the people all along the river; men dragged the river by. night, hauling fish away by cart loads; and they dipped and angled on the breast of the dam above, or at its edge below, as if possessed with some kind of reckless infatuation to set the law and its supporters at defi- ance. The writer hereof has seen drag nets swept along the shallows, raking out hundreds of minnows at a haul, when perhaps a dozen would be picked up for bait, and the rest left to perish on the dr}^ sand bars, instead of serving as food for the larger kinds. And thus the lawless ignoramuses go on " killing the goose that laid the golden o.^^'''' by need- lessly exterminating those kinds of fish which are valuable for food. The Game and Fish Association still holds a nominal existence, but the law is so lame in executive detail that they can do nothing, and so the matter stands, the law is practically a dead letter, and the river almost a dead fisher. But there is another cause at work toward destroying the fish supply. Old settlers sa}^ the Iowa river used to be a clear stream, except during high water, but now it is always muddy or slimy, and stones or boulders lying in the water that used to be clean are now found to be invested with a coating of nasty, slimy sediment from the unclean water. In explana- tion of this change it is said the plowing and cultivation of the land causes more loose soil and vefretable debris to be washed into the river than could be washed in from the native prairie sod; also, nearly every small stream flowing into the river is now utilized as a hog-wallow, or else a hot-day resort for cattle, and the continual filth from these sources passes into the river and contaminates its waters so that those kinds of fish which require HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 579 clean water are dying out from this cause. But the nastier breeds can still stand it and grow fat on the filth. FOOD FOR FISHES. On Wednesday night, January 20, 1875, Dr. Shaw, the State Fish Com- missioner of Iowa, arrived at Iowa City with 18,000 California salmon two inches long, from the state fish hatchery at Anamosa, and put them into the river above the old Terrell mill dam. They doubtless made very choice and dainty feed for the cat fish, dog fish, gar pike, etc.; and thus the state money instead of providing "fishes for food," as Dr. Shaw so eloquently pleads, only provided the merest trifle of "food for fishes." The largest fish reported caught in Johnson county was a channel cat- fish, which weighed sixty-eight pounds. It was caught with a hook by Wm. Ayers, at Terrell's mill dam in 1862. M. W. Davis took ofl' the skin and stufled it, and kept it in his drug store window for a number of years as a natural curiosity. A good many of the same kind have been caught weighing from 50 to 55 pounds. The largest black bass ever caught here was hooked by Samuel J. Hess, at Rock Point, a little way above Coralville, and weighed five and a quarter pounds. In 1862 or '63, a gar pike over four feet long was caught in a seine, and is still preserved at the boat house as the largest icthyosaurian specimen ever seen in Johnson county waters. This fish is really a fresh water shark. CHAPTER X.— PART 1. PIONEER POINTS, BY HON. HENRY FELKNER. Hon. Henry Felkner furnished to this historian the original manuscript i){'his reminiscences and recollections of the pioneer days in Johnson coun- ty, with free permission to make any use of it which would aid in produc- ing a full, fair and complete history of the county. After three months' of work in collecting our history material, we find Mr. Felkner's sketch to be generally very reliable, and we therefore give it entire. It will thus be saved from the mutilation of using it in fragmentary citations, and will be the more prized by his pioneer associates. The same MSS. was edited and printed in the State Pi'ess in 1881, and we are much indebted to Hon. John P. Irish for the free use of the files of his paper in regard to this and many other historical matters. THE FIRST TWO. Eli Myers and Philip Clark started fi-om Elkhart county, Indiana, in the fall of 1836 to visit what was then known as the "Black Hawk Pur- 580 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. chase." Their objective point was Rock Island, better known then at a distance than any other point on the Mississippi above St. Louis. They arrived there at the termination of a treaty with the Sac and Fox Indians, at which they sold what was called the Keokuk Reserve, a body of land lying on both sides of the Iowa river from its mouth up to where the line of the Black Hawk purchase crossed it. Messrs. Myers and Clark there made the acquaintance of John Gilbert, who was keeping a trading house on the Iowa river for S. Phelps & Co., of Oquawka, 111. Gilbert learned that they were looking for a location on which to settle, and told them he knew the very place, and invited them to go with him to his trading house. They gladly accepted, and on arriving he treated them with great kindness, and went on foot to show them the place where they made their claims and finally settled. Those claims embrace all the land south of the residence of the late Judge McCollister down to Sandlown. After making their claims they returned to Indiana, and during the winter got their teams and outfit; and early in the spring of 1837 set out for their western homes, which they reached in time to break and plant, each 40 acres. Soon after them in 1887, came Judge Harris, from St. Joseph county, Indiana, who by nearly the same route reached Gilbert's trading hou.se, accompanied by his nephew James Massey, and wife and child, Gilbert went with him to where he finally located his claim, embracing the ^rhomas Ilill and a half dozen other farms. After the Judge had built a cabin for Massey on the southwest bank of the Iowa river, oppo- site the Myers farm, he returned to Indiana to prepare to move his fam- ily out to his new home, which was accomplished late in July or early in August, bringing tvith him his son-in-law. Dr. Isaac N. Lesh, Jacob Earhart and family, and John and Henry Earhart. Between Judge Harris' arrival in the spring and his permanent settle- ment here in mid-summer, Wm. Devaul and Tom Bradley came in, the former to remain some years — the latter went in the fall of 1S37 to a trad- ing house on the Des Moines river and never returned. Samuel and James Walker came also early in the spring, and Joseph Walker and another brother late in the same year. The Walker brothers made claims where Joseph now lives and to the south and west, including many farms now owned by other parties. I should have said that Myers and Clark each brought with them a young man, Eli Summery and William Wilson. The former returned to Indiana in the fall of 1S37, and Wilson remained. The foregoing is the precise order in which white men came to Johnson county. The writer came next, very soon after the two Walker brothers, and made a claim south of Sandtown, adjoining Phillip Clark's on the south. I hired Eli Myers to break Cwc acres of land and while I was helping him to make rails to fence his corn, | had been there about a week,| S. C. Trowbridge came in. He had known Myers and Clark in Indiana, and wished to get a claim near them. He ofl'ered me $15.0(» for mine. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 581 Not long after William Sturo-is and G. W. Hawkins came, the latter a married man. They both settled in the south part of the county, JLate in the season John Trout, E. Hilton, A. D. Stephen, Mulholland and John Hight came; also a man name Schrick, who was but little known. He stayed with the Walker bo3^s and was the first white man who died in Johnson county. J. A. Cain, a married man, settled on the farm now owned by Henry Walker. He did not live long and the family left. THE FIRST TOWN. One of the events of that summer was the laying oft' of a town, above the mouth of English river by John Gilbert. He called it Sephe-nahmo, but it was only a town on paper, although scientitically staked otV. THE FIRST "raising." In the spring of that year John Gilbert gave notice to S. Phelps & Co., that as soon as he could make arrangements, he would leave their employ and set up on his own account. x\ccordingly, about the first of July he gathered up all the young men in the settlement who were unemployed, to help him build a house. They were glad to get work and to get a place to board. They were all from timbered States and knew the use of the ax. While some were chopping logs, others were getting out timber for clapboards to roof it, and puncheons for floors; others dug a hole for the cellar, while others were hauling up the material, h was not long till everything was on the ground, and as there was force enough to raise the building we did not call in the neighbors. We all knew something about cabin building, and had no trouble in getting it up and covered. One room was finished as a store room, the cracks were chincked and daubed, a strong puncheon floor laid, a stout counter and door put in. The house stood over the line on Indian ground, and as a consideration, Gilbert agreed to treat the Indians, and this he fulfilled religiously, as far as two barrels of whisky would do it. As the season's building was over, and the treat safely administered, Gilbert had no use for his force and dis- charged them all but the writer, who remained in his employ till March 7, 1838. None of the young men who had come in the spring and summer of 1837, except Philip Clark, Eli Myers and the Walker brothers, were in a position to set up house-keeping, and so were without homes, only as they could get employment of others. After leaving Gilbert's some found work with Wheton Chase, a brother-in-law of S. Phelps, who took charge of the trading house which Gilbert had just left. Chase had for several years kept a trading horse on the Cedar river, in what is now Cedar county, just above Rochester, for Phelps & Co. Others of the young men hired with Myers and Clark, making ha}', and later husking corn. As winter came on, however, it became more than ever necessary for them to have permanent quarters. A few went to Bloomington [now 37 582 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Muscatine], but the greater number went to New Boston, on the Missis- sippi, and took contracts to chop steamboat wood. Coal was not then in use, and boats ran exclusively on wood. These choppers built cabins in the low and thickly timbered bottoms, boarded themselves and made good wages. After they were gone our little colony was small, for about the same time the Indians, except some old people, went on their winter hunt, to be gone till spring. The number of settlers left on the north bank of the river did not exceed twenty, including Mesdames Chase, Lesh, Cain and several children, and these twenty people were scattered from Gil- bert's trading house to the south line of the county. AN INDIAN BATTLE. Just after Gilbert had given the treat to the Indians, already referred to, the Indians got up a party ostensibly to go on a hunt, but really to get into a fight with the Sioux. None but able-bodied young men went. They had drawn on their friends, the Sacs, on the Des Moines river, for some horses. When everything was ready they sHpped away without making any sensation, so far as a white man could see. This was some time in August. On such an expedition travel was necessarily slow, for they had to provide rations as they went. Some weeks went bv and no tid- ings came back. The Indians in camp seemed to anticipate no harm to their friends. One very pleasant evening in September, about 5 o'clock, when everything was quiet, the old Indians lying around smoking, the young ones enjoying themselves, a peculiar Indian shout was heard on the bluff north-east of the upper town. The first shout was followed by a half dozen others, in not very quick succession. These cries were so loud and distinct that although the Indian was two miles away from the lower town, they were heard distinctly. The effect of these shouts was most striking. Every Indian knew at the first what it meant. It was a mes- senger sent from the battle with the Sioux to bear heavy tidings to their friends. He had sped day and night with his message, and when the shouts had secured the attention of the camp, he told the story in short sentences, named the red warriors that were killed, gave a list of the wounded and the incidents and outcome of the fight. He spoke so loud and distinctly that all heard, and when he finished such a wail went up from those bereaved of fathers, husbands and sons as I never heard before or since; the camp was literallv a house of mourning. Indian women do not weep like white women, they wail, and for weeks they could be heard daily in secluded places wailing asif their hearts were broken. The war party. had been badly whipped by the Sioux, and barely got away with the wounded, leaving their dead to be scalped. It was some weeks before the main party got in. They brought the wounded down the Iowa river in canoes, established a hospital near the trading house, and put them in charge of the Medicine Man. No one else dare go im. Three times a day he made it hideous around there with his pow- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 583 wowing, beating a tin kettle and rattling a gourd with shot in it. Some died and a few got well. This defeat gave the Indians such a scare that more than six months after they paid John Gilbert $400, to build a stock- ade around the upper town. DISTINGUISHED VISITORS. In the fall of 1837 occurred a visit of Keokuk, Wapello, Appanoose, and a number of other distinguished Indians, to Poweshiek, the chief of the tribe that held this section. Their coming was known, but was without display. The visiting party rode up in single tile. Hitched their horses, went into Poweshiek's tent where he was seated and all sat down in a row, remaining for some time in silence. Then Poweshiek rose and passed the tobacco around, tilling Keokuk's pipe and his own. They all smoked awhile without saying a word. Keokuk finally broke the silence by stat- ing the purpose of their visit, which was to consult upon a proposition of the government to buy more lands. He made a speech in favor of the sale. This was about October 1, for the treaty making the sale then decided on is dated October 21, and in a few days after this meeting they started for Washington, Wheton Chase going as interpretor. From Washington they were taken through all the chief cities of the countr}^, and returned late in November highly pleased with all thev saw except President Van Buren. They were accustomed to call the President the *'Great Father," and expected to see a man head and shoulders bigger than his fellows. But when they met in Van Buren a Httle "squatty" man, as they called him, and bald headed at that, their contempt knew no bounds and was quite beyond the power of their language to express. The year 1837 closed without further incident of interest. The settlers were in theenjoyment of good health. The exodus of young men alraedy noted, made the settlement lonesome, as winter came, with nothing to do, no place to go, nothing to read and no way of hearing from the outside world except by going to Burlmgton or Rock Island. It was distressingly monotonous, especially to such a man as Judge Harris. He was active and well preserved, had been an active politition in Indiana, had enjoyed office, and to be cut off from such interests was more than he could stand " BE IT RESOLVED." Mainly on his suggestion, it was announced that a public meeting would be held at Gilbert's trading house, to consider the situation. The appointed evening came and with it Judge Harris, Dr. I. N. Lesh, EH Myers, Gilbert and the writer. There were also present old Jennie, a squaw who had Hved with the traders many years and talked good English; Gilbert got her now and then to wash things up, and a person called by the Indians, Mogawk, a tall and very black negro. The object of the meeting was talked over and the settlement's need of roads, bridges and mail facilities were discussed. The legislature of Wisconsin, for be it known we were 584 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. then in the territory of Wisconsin, with Burlington for its capital, was in session, and this meeting resolved to send two delegates down forthwith, and it was further resolved that Judge Harris and John Gilbert should go. But they must have credentials and hence the proceedings must be writ- ten out to indicate a formal and sizable affair, but who should write them out? Gilbert's pen had forgotten its cunning by its long residence with the Indians; Lesh was well educated, but professed inexperience, and Har- ris was not a plain writer, so it was agreed that Harris should dictate and Lesh write. The result as nearly as I can recall it was about as follows: At a large and respectable meeting of settlers on the public lands on the Iowa river, held at the traping house of John Gilbert, pursuant to pre- vious notice, on the day of January, 183S, the following among other proceedings were had. The meeting was called to order by Judge Har- ris, on whose motion blank \\?is unanin)0usl3' elected chairman. On motion of John Gilbert, Dr. Isaac N. Lesh was appointed secretary. On motion of Dr. Lesh, a committee of three was appointed by the chairman to report resolutions expressive of the sense of this meeting. The chairman named Judge Harris, Eli Myers and John Gilbert such committee. While the committee retired to deliberate upon its report the meeting was ably addressed by several gentlemen present. [It will be observed that after the committee retired the meeting consisted of Mr. Felkner, Dr. Lesh, Mogawk and the Indian squaw.] The committee returning submitted the following which was unanimously adopted: Whereas, A large number of persons have settled on the Iowa river on public lands in the vicinity of John Gilbert's trading house, and Whereas, We have evidence that there will be a large influx to our settlement next spring, and Whereas, \s we are suffering great inconvenience from the lack of roads and bridges, and Whereas, We are without mail facilities, and Whereas, The legislature of this territory is now in session at Bur- lington, therefore Resolved, That two delegates be appointed by the chair whose dut}?^ it shall be to proceed forthwith to Burlington and use their influence with the legislature to have roads established at different points on the Missis sippi river, also to have the legislature ask congress to establish a mail route from Burlington to the trading house of John Gilbert, a post-office established there and a post-master appointed without delay. The chair appointed Judge Harris and Judge Gilbert such committee. THE first LOBBY. The delegates, armed with their credentials, started for Burlington the second day after the meeting, walking the whole distance, although the ground was covered with snow. Arriving they made the acquaintance of Gov. Henry Dodge, who treated them very kindly and made many inqui- ries about the new settlement and especially about the number of inhabi- tants. John Gilbert told him it numbered 1,.500, at which the Governor was very much surprised. When they returned I asked Gilbert how he dared tell the Governor such a story? He swore that the Governor did not ask him what color they were! HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 585 The delegates jrot acquainted with many legislators, to whom our wants were made known, but they soon learned what we could not have other- wise known for several months, that congress was about to divide the territory of Wisconsin, establishing a new territor}' to be called IOWA, and it would be organized during the summer, and they preferred handing us over to the new government. TRICKS IN TRADE. I have alread}' said that late in the fall of 1837 the Indians nearly all left for the winter hunt. They went up the different vv^ater courses, the Iowa and English rivers. Old Man's creek, &c. Their practice was to go at once as far as the}^ intended and then hunt the ground towards home. They spent the fore part of the winter far up the streams and then hunted back by slow stages, traveling a day, going into camp, hunting and trap- ping as long as game was plenty, then moving on. Sometime in Febru- ary, 1838, an Indian came in and said the main body had got down to near the present Sehorn place, on Old Man's creek. Gilbert was running his business against odds; he had not as many goods as Chase, and so resolved on strategy. With a young man named Hamilton for a compan- ion, he concluded to pack each with fifty pounds of goods, and meeting the Indians, take the cream of their trade and swap before the}^ got in. They had to go in the night or the other establishment would find it out. The winter was mild and the r\ver was already open and no way to cross it except in a canoe which Chase kept tied up in the mouth of Gilbert's creek. While they were getting the packs ready Gilbert sent the writer down to see if the canoe was there and to visit Chase and see if the coast was clear. The canoe was all right. The call on Chase was made, a half hour spent pleasantly there, and the report was dulv made. Gilbert and Hamilton were ready and started at once, crossed in the canoe about 11 p. M., and began their long tramp. Chase and his men suspected noth- ing till after they were gone, then they grew to thinking the evening call a singular thing, talked it up and were convinced there was a nigger in the wood-pile. A messenger was sent to see if the canoe was in its place. He reported it missing. Chase determined not to be beaton and at once built a raft of logs and took some iron-socketed pushing poles which belonged to a keel boat that was tied up in the creek, pushed the raft over, recovered the canoe, packed goods, loaded men and started them in pur- suit of Gilbert. The night was clear and the ground was white with snow% so the trail of the first party could be easily followed, and they deter- mined that although he had several hours the start he should not beat them much. They had an advantage over him in having with them Quota, a French half-breed, who spoke the language equal to the Indian and had influence with them. Gilbert reached the Indians first, but thinking the 586 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. field was his, made no hurry about goin^ to trading, and spent much time in talking the thing up. When he finall}^ began to talk trade, and opened his goods, he chanced to look around and there to his consterna- tion stood Quota and his men loaded to the guards with goods. Quota was aggressive from the start. He told the Indians that Gilbert had been underhanded in starting to meet them; had stolen the canoe, and neglected the old Indians left at home; that his sympathies were with the whites; and much more of the same sort; so that when they began to barter their furs and pelts. Quota got more than three-fourths of them, and Gilbert was beaten at his own game. EARLY TRANSPORTATION. Early in the spring of 1838 Judge Harris returned to Indiana on busi- ness, and while there induced many of his old friends and neighbors to move to Iowa. Among them were Green Hill, Yale Hamilton, Gardner, J. Stover, a Mr. Miller, John Royal and others. The Judge returned by way of St. Louis, where he bought a quantity of flour and groceries. Chase in the meantime had sent the company's keel boat, with the furs and pelts he got from the Indians, to St. Louis, where it was being loaded with supplies for the trading house. Judge Harris got his goods on the same boat, and Mr. Phelps shipped for me a set of saw-mill irons also. The boat was towed up to the mouth of the Iowa river by a steam boat and was pushed the rest of the way against the current of the Iowa, with poles, stopping near Judge Harris's home to unload his goods, then com- ing to the company's new trading house on what was afterwards the Byington farm, and which stood many years after. In that year two saw mills were built, one by Judge Harris, on Old Man's creek, the other by Felkner & Myers, on Rapid creek. Wolcott was millwright of the former, and James Fo}- of the latter. That summer the Indians murdered Atwood. [See something about this under history of Lincoln township.] CHAPTER X.— PART 2. ANNALS OF OXFORD. Mr. M. W. Cook of Oxford township, wrote and published in the Oxford Jotirnal'm 1881, a series of articles on the pioneer history of his township, including also much that belonged to the more general history of the State. Mr. Cook's " Annals " contain a vast fund of most inter- esting and useful information, presented in a straightforward and business- like way, with a spice of anecdote, wit and genial humor occasionally intermingled. He has carefully revised and corrected it and given it to this historian. We only regret that limit of space compels us to eliminate HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 587 everything which does not directly and specifically pertain to Johnson county. That portion of the Sac and Fox tribe of Indians which inhabited this region were under Poweshiek and Wapashashiek, the former a Sac and the latter a Fox. They were called by the name of Musquakas, and first located below Iowa City on the east side of the river in 1836, but removed in 1838 to a site north of the river, in which is now Monroe township, just north of the site of the proposed iron bridge. Two years later they removed to the agency near South Amana, and remained till 1843, when they moved on towards the setting sun. Though they never made Oxford township their headquarters, it was a lamous hunting ground for them, and one of their chiefs in speaking of the Clear Creek valley said that " he never expected to find its equal till he had passed over to the happy hunting grounds," and such is their attachment to this region that some of them are nearly always to be found even now wandering about over the old stamping ground. The vicinity of Dutch lake [called by them Devil's lake] was a favorite one on account of the excellent fishing which it afforded in great abundance. Many of the early settlers can testif}'- as to that too. But there is one spot that the old warriors of the Musquaka have reason rather to regard with horror than otherwise. It is on Brush run, a mile west of Homestead. Here Poweshiek, with the warriors of the tribe were overtaken by a band of Sioux when returning from a hunting expedition up the river, and most wofully "licked." In fact the disaster was by far the greatest that ever befell the band, and is yet talked of with horror by them. It occurred in 1837, while they had their headquarters below Iowa City. But a few of the leaders of the natives deserve special notice. Poweshiek, chief of the Sacs, in the band was much like Keokuk, and was regarded by all as the finest specimen of the native ever seen in this region. He was a strictly honorable man, and had a large share of those characteristics that made up the " manly man," and the desirable neigh- bor. He was a " brave " too, that is, he had won distinction by his deeds of valor on the field of battle. Wapashashiek was the Fox chief, and was much less intimate with the white people, though we never heard of any bad feeling existing between them. Some people have a distinct recollection of Kishkekosh, and think him to have been a chief. He was only a leader and a bad one. He was a natural orator, a brave, a perfect specimen of a physical man, but a leader of the bad element. He may be compared to a communist leader among us. Totokonoc was the old prophet of Black Hawk, and noted amongst the Indians, but little known amongst the white people. Clear Creek was called by them Copiheenoc, and the name was for sometime per- petuated in that of Copi P. O., but even that has disappeared, and this 688 HISTORY OP' JOHNSON COUNTY. little sketch may be the last notice of the name so dear to so many people less than half a century age. The name Clear Creek was given to the stream by Col. Trowbridge. In 1840 a new census was taken and the county of Johnson is credited with a population of 1,504, an increase of more than five hundred per cent in two years. The population of the territory was 43,144. Increase about one hundred per cent. Under Harrison's administration John Chambers was appointed Gov- ernor, and the territorial capital established at Iowa City, where it remained till sometime after the organization of the State government, the capitol building now forming one of the State University buildings. In November, 1842, a convention to take the necessary steps for a state government met at Iowa City, but the proposition was voted down by the people the next year. In October of 1 842, a treaty was made with the Sacs and Foxes, by which they sold to the United States, all their lands in Iowa, for which they were to receive an annual interest on the sum of $800,000. The government also assumed all the debts of the tribe, amounting in the aggre- gate to $258,566. The settlement of Oxford township dates awav back in territorial times. The pioneers were James Douglass, Sr., Ebenezer Douglass, Charles Marvin, Henry Brown, Bronson Brown, and William Brown. The Douglasses, Marvin and one of the Browns brought families; all came in 1839. James Douglass settled on the old Douglass place, Ebenezer on the Hamilton place, and Marvin on section 24, Oxford township. The Browns located on the premises now occupied by the farm of Mr. C. Yenter, where they lived till 1842, when they sold their claim to Jonathan Talbott, who bought the mill on Clear Creek in 1849, on the site now occupied by the Stickler factory. In this early period also came the Hulls, Porter and John, and located near the Douglasses. John L. Heartwell, now familiarly known as "Uncle John," also settled in that locality, but soon returned to Ohio, coming back, however, in 1852» and locating permanently two miles north of the present site of Oxford, where he lived till he became a citizen of the village. In 1841 or 1842, the first business firm in Oxford township was established just below Dutch lake. The stock of the firm was a barrel of whiskey, the business dealing it out to the Indians. The members were Stone, Sprague & Lindley. They did not prosper, we are happy to be informed. A few words relative to these early settlers will not be amiss. James Douglass always remained upon the premises where he first located, being the first postmaster of Copi post-office, established in 1844. His death occurred in 1854, and that of his wife, Fannie, in 1879. John, Cyrus, James, David, and William are his sons. Ebenezer Douglass purchased the saw-mill of John Moore in 1853» HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 589 located iust east of township line. He died in 1854, and left one son, Joseph, now residing at Tiffin, and one daughter, Mary, wife of H. Ham- ilton. Aunt Sarah still survives, living with her daughter, Mrs. Hamilton. Excepting a " trail " sometimes passed over by vehicles in procuring furs from the agency in Iowa county, there were no roads. The pioneers made their roads as they came, following the "divides," where practicable and when a stream had to be crossed, it was done by detaching the team and running the wagon in by hand, and hitching to the end of the tongue and drawing it out on the other side. Provisions enough to last a few weeks were usually brought by the settlers, and when that was exhausted, a new supply could only be obtained by making a trip to Illinois, where meal could be obtained, that being the "staff' of life" in those times. And when inclemency of weather, or other causes prevented their going down into " Egypt," other means must be devised for obtaining breadstuff, and many a time the pioneer has feasted on corn-cake made of meal ground in a colfee-mill, or pounded in an iron kettle. Indeed, the settler who owned a "big kettle " was considered particularly fortunate if he also had a wagon with a big "king bolt," the head of which was used in crushing the corn into meal. One thing, however, was much to the advantage of the pioneer, for with his trusty rifle he was sure of a supply of meat, venison and turkey, which were nearly always a part of the settlers' meal. Teams going to the river for supplies brought the mail from Bloomington (Muscatine) and the settlers did not entirely lose sight of things in the busy world from which they had separated themselves to lay the foundation for a new empire. One thing worthy of mention the writer has observed about the first settlements here as well as elsewhere, nearly all were made in the ^'woods," and often the new settler might be seen painfully laboring to clear a field in the woods when thousands of acres lay adjoining which might have been prepared for a crop with one tenth of the labor required to prepare the woodland. None doubted the fertility of the soil on the prairies, but the force of habit led him to select the timber land with all the labor required to clear it off and the inconvenience of its cultivation after- wards for their beginning. We find that as early as 1842 a school was kept at the house of James Douglass, 'the teacher being Mrs. Berry, wife of the Indian gunsmith, who had a shop in the upper end of the grove bearing his name on the present site of the "Cook farm." His name is prepetuated in that of the stream flowing through Oxford, sometimes called the " Raging Rhine." Orrin Lewis made a claim and settled where the Remley farm now is. He was known bv the nickname of "Old Specimen," from a peculiarity 59'!' HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. of conversation. He soon sold his claim to James Simpson, who also sold in a few yt^ars to Thomas or Thompson. Henry Sprinfrmire located where the Brennans now live, and about lS4i Benjamin Williams located on the place now occupied by Peter Williams. Mrs. Williams still sur- vives and is now Mrs. Merritt, well known in Oxford. Of the neighbors we might with propriety speak of every one within ten miles, for persons living at that distance then were regarded as near neighbors. And it would not take much space to name them all, but we will mention only those who were well known and remembered. On the east side of Tiffin were the Spragues and Spicers, and Amosa Doud. Further on were Sam. Huston of the Johnson place, John Headley on the Wolf place, Gillilands, Keelers and Nathaniel Fellows, down as far as the Isaac Dennis place. On the south, Burns and Simpson on Old Man's creek were nearest, and north to one within ten miles, while west the "noble red man" held undisputed sway, till his removal in 1843. In regard to dangers and privation, the pioneers may be said to have been particularly fortunate. The Indians had just been taught by the Black Hawk war, that in a conflict with the pale faces, they would be sure to come out "second best," and hke Jack Falstaft', an Indian always consid- ers "discretion to be the better part of valor." Hence they were very quiet exxept when drunk, when they are no worse than the average white man in the same condition. Of fierce wild animals very few were seen, though the startling cry of the panther was often heard in the groves and along the streams, though we are inclined to think that neither pan- ther nor bear was ever killed by a white man in the township. As early as '40 or '41, the mill upon the present site of the Stickler factory was built and began to grind grain, being the jfirst erected in the county, and almost the first west of the Mississippi, away from that stream. The territorial road was located to the Douglass place in 1841 or 1842, and pushed on from that place as soon as the Indian title was extinguished, Marengo being located in 1843, and settlement begun. Copi P. O. was established in 1844, and James Douglass made postmaster. The location of this road through Oxford township, was the first great boom which it received. It became the Grand Trunk line across the state, and no mat- ter if people crossed at Muscatine, Davenport or Camanche, they were sure to take the Grand Trunk line, and on the west it diverged in as many directions, so that if an immigrant was bound for either Iowa, Poweshiek, Jasper, Polk, Story, Marshall, Tama or Benton county, he would come through Iowa City, and on the Grand Trunk. Quite a settlement sprang up in Iowa county about the present site of Homestead, as early as 1844, and of those early settlers "Uncle Billy Spicer" yet remains. He settled where he now lives and put up a black- smith shop, the first in Iowa county. Some of the first entries of land in HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 591 Oxford township, were made at the land office at Dubuque, but about 1845, an office was established at Iowa City, and remained there till the removal of the State Capital to Des Moines. There was no government land in Oxford township later than 1855. About 1852, there was a per- fect scramble for land, not only by settlers, but "speculators," that is men with capital to invest, began to realize that Iowa land was "going up like a rocket," and seeing a chance for a speedy increase in the value of land here, bought land by wholesale, sometimes not even taking the pains to see the tract before purchasing, but usually their investments proved to be profitable, though owing to a kind of panic beginning in 1857, some of them waited much longer than they had anticipated before selling their land. The year 1851 is a memorable one with the old settlers, being some- times refered to, even now, as "the rainy season." An old settlei" who was here at that time told the writer that it rained for fifteen consecutive days^ or that the sun was not seen for that length of time, and we are not sure as to which of the expressions was used, nor does it make much difference, either one giving the same idea of the "deluge." The Iowa river was much higher than has been since known, and it is said that barrels of flour were loaded into a skift'from the second story of Clark's mill, stand- ing on the site of the Coralville mill. The removal of the Indians was followed by such an abundance of game that to relate all would endanger the writer's "reputation for ver- acity," but we will risk a good deal in that direction while so many of the old settlers remain to certify to the truthfulness of our narative. Dur- ing the winters of 1851-2, '52-3, '53 4, the father and a brother of the writer killed 2U(> deer, one killing 101, and the other ninety-nine, and that too with ordinary rifles. With such arms as could now be procured they could easily have doubled the number. Though the Cooks were the "boss" shootists they were not by any means the only ones, and others of that time could boast of many a deer and turkey which fell before their unerring aim. We use this term, unerring^ advisedly and to show that we do so, will just state a few facts which will make some of the "nim- rods" of to-day stare with wonder. Either of the persons referred to above could with a common rifle bring down a deer at any distance within the range of the piece, running at full speed, as readily as if it stood still, and by far the larger part of those killed were shot while running. It was not called marvelous shooting then, but it has hardly ever been excelled; nor were the two mentioned the only ones who could do this; there were several others probably equally skillful, but who devoted less time to shooting. Another thing worthy of mention is that with rifles, the ordinary range of which was but little more than twenty rods, they killed many deer at twice that distance by skillful handling of the piece and elevating to make 592 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. it "carry" the required distance. The abundance of game ma}' be inferred from the following incident. The father of the writer returning one evening from a day's hunting remarked: "Well it does beat all I ever saw. I counted eighteen deer all in sight at one time, this afternoon." From an elevated spot about the east line of the Eddy farm he had seen that number — not in a herd, but scattered over the hillsides and bottoms, singly and in groups of two, three or four. Previous to 1850, a substantial mill was erected on the site of the pre- sent Coralville mills. It was at first called the "Company Mill," being built by a company of Iowa Cit}' men, and Mr. Combe of Oxford was a member of the company, and the builder of the mill. In 1851, it was Clark's mill, having passed into the hands of E. Clark, a member of the company, and it was afterwards owned and operated by Clark and Kirk- wood. In 1852-3-4, there was much sickness and suffering amongst the "new-comers," and consequently some depression of spirits, as it was thought that the country would prove permanently unhealthy. The principal part of the sickness was fevers of the intermittent type, and so strong was the prejudice against "quinine" that many preferred to suffer on rather than use a remedy that would get up a volcanic eruption to one's head, and it was popularly supposed to permanently injure the con- stitution. Some of the w(>rst cases, however, demanded the attendance of a physician, and Drs. Vogt, Sanders and White of Iowa Cit}', had quite a practice in Oxford township. Like the Pilgrim fathers, the first setders in Oxford gave early atten- tion to matters of education. In the winter of 1851-2 a school was kept in a room of Mr. Williams' house. Miss Anna Mason, sister of Mrs. Lewis Doty, being the teacher. This was the first school kept in the township, except one kept by Mrs. Berry In 181:3, at the Douglass place. During the fall of 1852, however, steps were taken toward the erection of a school house, and by the private enterprise of four men, namely Lewis Doty, Thomas Heifner, Chas. Mason, Sr., and Benjamin Williams, a house was built, occupying a place near what is known as the "Wolf corner," being just west of the residence of L. R. Wolf. T e building was a small log structure, which was quite comfortable and continued to be used for school purposes and as a place of public worship till about 1861, when the school house in district number two was built. When this first school house was erected no organization of any district had been made, and no levy of any tax for school purposes. When the building was raised it was christened "Edge Wood" from its location, and was so known far and wide as the place of worship of the Methodists. The Douglas house, which had been noted for many years as a way- side "inn" was discontinued as a public house about 1854 or '55, the Erie house and Kentucky house becoming the popular stopping places. The former kept by J.J. Harlwell was built in 1853, or '54, and opened as a HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 593 public house, becoming at once popular, being frequently spoken of as the half-way house, fifteen miles from Iowa City and Marengo. The Ken- tucky house was kept by E. H. Morton, a Kentuckian, who began to keep hotel in a log shanty 14x16 in 1851, and often had as many as could find sleeping room on the floor. His room increased and patronage with it till he had plenty of both. Peter Brant now occupies the place. Immigrants to Oxford continued to arrive and in 1854 and 1855, the nucleus of our German settlement was formed by the arrival of the Klenks, the Wagners, and Jacob Floerchinger. Of these families and relatives and friends who followed them here, there are now quite a host forming a substantial element in the population of Oxford. In the fall of 1855, Benjamin Williams erected a saw mill just at the lower end of Dutch Lake which was expected to be of great benefit to the public, but Williams died and the mill passed into the hands of the Amana Society, then just beginning their settlement on the site of the village of Amana, where they moved the saw mill and where it may be seen yet doing effect- ive work. In the spring of 1856, the Doty's bought a saw mill and erected it ntar the present home of John Delaney, where it was operated for several years, sawing great quantities of fencing and framing timber being one of the great factors in the prosperity of the township. Besides the timber which was sawed by the Dot}^ saw mill, we are sorry to add, that it sawed ofl' a hand for a worthy young man, Mr. Cyrus Andrews. The mill was bought and removed to Pleasant Valley in 1860 by Isaac Hilborn. There were no school districts, and Clear Creek and Oxford townships (then all Clear Creek) constituted but a single road district, and the citi- zens of what is now the West District of Oxford were called upon to work as far down as Tiffin. Mail was obtained from Copi P. O., at the Bond place, or from Homestead. The farms were new and of course the amount of land in cultivation was comparatively small and the manner of doing the work was entirely different from what is seen now. Neither reapers nor mowers were used in Oxford township before 1856, grain being cut with a cradle, and grass with a scythe. Corn was cultivated with the old single shovel or a small diamond plow. The term "dia- mond" was used on account of the shape of the mould board. With these plows, farmers with a single horse went along first on one side of the row and then on the other; and finally, if desiring to do neat work, once more to take out the middle making three times through the field for each row. Two and a half acres made a huge day's work under those circum- stances. And so we might go on and enumerate the many things in which farm labor of those days differed fi-om that of now, but forbear lest our readers think we are copying from a history of the " dark ages." As Copi P. O. had been removed to Bondea in 1854, Oxford township had S94 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. ■no postoffice. But Homestead had been established in 1853 or '54-, and as there was a rule of the department that postoffices on such routes must be no less than live miles apart, it was a very close shave to get an office in the township. At last, however; all difficulties were overcome and the papers sent on to the department and came back in October, 1855, •establishing Oxford postoffice at the Erie House, with J. J. Hartwell, P. M., where the office remained till 1860, when the mail began to be car- ried by the M. & M. R. R. . In the census of 1856, Oxford township is credited with 73 voters, but not over fifty voted at the first election, and of those voters we can only ■call to mind the following persons who yet remain as residents of Oxford township : Lewis Doty, J. J. Hartwell, C. Yenter, Thomas Harper, W. H. Cotter, H. A. Cook, David Clodfelder, W. H. Hilborn and Hezekiah Hamilton. And of those who were residents but not voters, we can name Mrs. Merritt, Mrs. Smith, Mrs. Yenter, Mrs. Cook, Mrs. Foster, Peter Williams, M. W. Cook, Wm. Eddy, L. Harington, John Wagner, Cyrus Douglass, James Douglass, Jr., C. A. Wagner, Jacob Floerchinger, E. A. Doty, Charles Doty, and Ed. Heifner. Yet the population was 309. A copy of the census of 1856, is before us and gives much information that will be interesting to our readers : Population of the State 519,055 No. of townships 81 Population of Johnson County 14,475 Dwelling houses 54 No. of families 54 Native voters 61 Naturalized 13" Aliens 6 Owners of land 51 Acres improved land 1,678 Acres of spring wheat 228 Bushels harvested , 4,044 Acres of corn 582 Bushels harvested 26,040 No. of hogs marketed 363 No. of cattle marketed 55 Pounds of butter made 3,890 Pounds of wool produced 128 Of the people there were : Farmers 80 Carpenters 10 Blacksmiths 3 Laborers 3 Wagon makers 1 Engineers 1 Sawyers ... 1 Of the nativity of the inhabitants we make the following note : Ohio, S5; Iowa, 51; Pennsylvania, 40; New York, 33; Germany, 23; Ire- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 595 land, 18; Indiana, 12; Kentucky, 8; Connecticut, 8; Illinois, 6; Canada, 4; Michigan, 2; Vermont, Massachusetts, England, Scotland, North Carolina, Missouri, and Tennessee, 1 each. Thus it will be seen that our people were nearly all engaged in agri- culture, and there were more owners of land than heads of families, but that there was not quite an average of thirty acres in cultivation for each family. This gives a good idea of the condition of things. A beginning had been made, but as yet it was only a beginning. It will be seen that while wheat averaged above the crops of recent years, corn fell considerably below. Ohio laid the foundation and still retained the lead in the population, but Iowa came next with fifty-one natives, mostly born in the township, being about one-sixth of the whole population. Quite a goodly number come from the east, too, of whom Governor Kirkwood once said, " they make first-rate citizens when they get the varnish rubbed off." Of foreigners there were less than ten per cent., while at present they number from thirty to thirty-five per cent, of the population. In 1859, the first railroad route was explored through Oxford township, and after surveys and re-surveys, for about a year, the work began west of Iowa City, and went along slowly, being several months in building from Iowa City to Marengo. And still Oxford existed only in imagina- tion. A tank was built to supply water for the use of the engines, but there was a deadness about the place that nothing could overcome. In the spring of 1860, while all kinds of staple merchandise cost nearly double what they can be procured for to-day, wheat would only bring thirty cents, corn fourteen or fifteen cents, and oats ten or twelve cents. Nor was this all. All the money paid out by the railroad, or by dealers in grain or other produce, was bank notes, liable to be worthless in twenty- four hours. In fact it looked as if it was systematically planned by the railroad and the banks to swindle the people, and with all the increase of conveniences, it seemed as if there w^as but little improvement in the con- dition of the settlers. For several years after the building of the road, there was but two trains daily each way, being " mixed," that is freight trains, with one or two coaches for the accommodation of travel. But it must be remem- bered, too, that the road was only finished for a short distance west of Marengo, till 1865. In 1855 the second school-house was erected, on the State road near the present residence of Peter Brant. This was a public school-house, and there were now three districts organized in the township, the first being on the "bottom," their school-house having been erected by private enterprise. The third district made all the needful preparations to erect a building, even to getting the material on the ground, when it was dis- covered that the funds had been squandered by the treasurer, and that 596 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. nothing could be recovered, so the project was abandoned. The house was to have been built near the present site of the school-house in No. 7. The school-house near the Brant place was destroyed by fire in 1868 or '69, and a new one erected, some distance farther west than the old one. This old one was the most notable school-house in the township, being a kind of literary headquarters for the entire community. Here the " Oxford Lyceum " held its sessions for several years. Dr. G. M. Proctor, a phy- sician who had located in the township, usually took the lead in these dis- cussions. He was the first resident physician. He was succeeded by Dr. W. L. Hustin, who came in December, 1859. In 1867, Oxford township had one postoffice, and it was called Nemora. Just how it happened that the change of name occurred is a matter that very few persons know anything about, but that such change occurred while E. C. Vaugh was P. M., is a fact known to many, and it is also well known that the name was changed back to Oxford at the emphatic demand of the people. Next we find that there were 134 dwelling houses, and a population of 749, of whom 150 were voters, an increase of more than 100 per cent since the organization of the township. Dur- ing the same time the population of Johnson county had only increased about fifty per cent, so that the showing for Oxford was very good so far as population was concerned. In area of land under cultivation and amount of produce, the increase was still greater, while conveniences of every kind were multiplied, and the log cabins were replaced by substantial dwellings, with all the com- forts of the farm-houses of our eastern neighbors. There is an opinion prevailing among Iowa farmers that during the last years of the war and for a year or two after the close, that there was a kind of "golden age'*' for farmers, though it is doubtful if such is the case when we consider everything. True, the land was new and the crops produced large, and it seems as if prices were immense, for wheat brought $2.50 per bushel^ and other produce in proportion ; but then everythmg that farmers bought was fully as high, proportionately, as the produce which they sold. So the advantage only extended to those who had old debts to pay, and this^ is one instance where it was an advantage to have debts to pay. Rapid as the progress of the town of Oxford was during the period covered by the previous chapter, that of the township was hardly less. The census report of 1875 gives the following items of information of general interest: Number of dwellings 182 " inhabitants 1009 Natives of Iowa 445 Number of voters ; 215 Average increase since 1869, from 20 to 25 per cent. Increase in the county during same period about ten per cent. A ijood showing for Oxford. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 597 Acres improved land 12,^ Bushels wheat 61,853 « corn 197,687 oats 23,021 " potatoes 7,167 Being an increase of from fifty to sixty per cent, in six years. Apple trees in bearing 1,034 " " not bearing 4,206 Bushels apples 430 Pounds grapes 14,317 Gallons sorghum 1,104 Tons hay 1,410 Number of horses and mules 632 " milch cows 659 " other cattle 1,234 " cattle sold for slaughter 293 " hogs on hand 2,642 " " sold for slaughter 2,330 Pounds of butter 31,132 A few words relative to the Grangers or Patrons of Husbandry will be in order. This societ}' had in Oxford township three granges or lodges, one of which held its meetings at the school-house in district No. 11, another in No. 6, and another at Oxford. In 1874 a "joint stock company," composed of members of several granges in the vicinity of Oxford, was formed, and erected two buildings at Oxford, one to be used for a general store, the other as an agricultural warehouse. The store w^as opened and continued to do business for some three years, and the general impression has been that it was not a great success. At all events, the store was discontinued, and the "company" dissolved, the property being sold to Mr. McCandlessin 1879. The buildings are now occupied by Robinson's drug store, and Mrs. Heartwell's millinery estab- lishment. In 1872, Wilson and Estabrook began to deal in coal, which began at that time to be used, and has now nearly superseded wood as an article of fuel in the town of Oxford. A list of Oxford's business houses in 1881 : General stores, 5; grocery, 1; hardware 3; drugs and medicines, 2; millin- ery and notions, 3; jewelry and music, 1; books and stationer}-, 1; furni- ture, 1; undertakers, 2; flower and feed, 1; meat market, 1; bakery and confectionery, 1; livery stables, 2; lumber 'yard, 1; coal yard, 1 ; brick yard, 1; barber shop, 1; picture gallery, 1; flour mill, 1; hotels, 3; news- papers, 2; physicians and surgeons, 3; ministers, 4; lawyer, 1; notaries public, 2; dentist, 1 ; music teachers, 5; milHners, 4; dressmakers, 6; agri- 38 598 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. cultural implement dealers, 4; grain dealers, 5; stock buyers, 3; machine shop, 1; blacksmith shops, 4; tin shop, 1; carpenters and joiners, 4; wagon makers, 3; harness shop, 1; shoemaker shops, 3; elevator, 1; grain houses, 2; corn shellers, 4; teamsters and draymen, 4; milk dealer, 1; and saloons 6. There was shipped from Oxford station on the C. R. I. &. P. R. R., from Sept. 1, 1880, to Sept. 1, 1881, as follows: Live stock, 121 cars; corn, 43fJ cars; wheat, 21 cars; other grain, 59 cars. And in addi- tion to this large quantities of potatoes, butter, eggs, seeds and miscella- neous articles aggregating many car loads. The area included in the region for which Oxford is the commercial point is not confined to Oxford township, but extends several miles in all directions, notably to the south, and southwest into the finest agricultural regions of Johnson and Iowa counties. CHAPTER X.— PART CHRONICLES OF CLEAR CREEK. BY MRS . MABY A . HAMILTON . [Compiled and written especially for this volume:] To those worthy pioneers and good citizens, Messrs. Bryan Dennis, J. M. Douglass, J. J. Shephardson, Geo. Dennison, J. D. Calony, E. Abrams, J. R. Willis, Hon. Rolla Johnson, Hon. Geo. Paul, Elder Ragan, Rev Pugh and to Mesdames Dennis, Sarah L. Douglass and EUinor Colany, are due the grateful thanks of the writer for their generous aid and co-op- eration in preparing these sketches. REMINISCENCES OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. Jonathan Sprague staked out his claim on the piece of land as the farm now owned by Bryan Dennis, Esq., and built for his family his little home of logs in the grove adjoining the cultivated fields on the west, which was then, and for years after known as the Sprague Grove settlement, from Bloomington [Muscatine] on the east as far west as emigration reached. He came here in 1839, from Ohio; was father-in-law of Mr. John Hart- well, now living in Oxford, and who, with his wife and family lived for some time in this grove. Sprague's claim was on section 29, range 80 north, 7 west. James Douglass came from Ohio in 1839; settled in Oxford township, just west of the township line, where he resided until he died, and was buried in Tiffin cemetery. His wife survived him a number of years, living on the same farm till a short time before her death. She moved to Oxford, where she died, and was buried beside her husband in Tiffin cemetery. In the lasi of May, 1839, Ebenezer Douglass, wife and family, from HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 591^ Ohio, settled on a claim adjoining this township line on the west, now con- stitutincj the farm owned by Hezekiah Hamilton, whose wife is a daugh- ter of Ebenezer Douglass, Mr. Douglass died IS , and was buried in Tiffin cemetery. His wife, " aunt Sarah," as she is affec- tionately called b}^ the neighbors, many of whom have known and loved her during her sojourn of forty-three 3-ears in this vicinity, is still living in an honort^d old age, making her home with her son, J. M. Douglass and family. John N. Headly and Sam'l Hueston came together on April 6, 1S39, from Ohio. Headly settled on a claim on Sec. 27, Range 7, where Wm. Wolf now lives, and Hueston settled on the farm now owned by Mr. Perry Tantlinger, Sec. 28. Mr. Hueston now lives at Koszta, Iowa county. Mr. Headly is dead and his wife is married again and now lives near Koszta. Joshua Switzer came to Libert}- township, Johnson county, in 183S; to this township in 1839: lived here four years; moved back to Liberty township. David Switzer (his brother) came from Indiana in 1838, and took up a claim on Sec. 1, Township 80 N., 7 W. It was there that the first dam in the county was built and first mill erected, in the spring and summer of 1839, and was in successful operation in October of the same year. The dam is now known as the Strickler Woolen Mills, although this latter property has been removed to Nebraska. Mrs. M. A. Dennis (now McConnell) and her three children, Bryan Dennis, I. V. Dennis and Adaline Dennis, now Mrs. A. J. Bond, from Ohio settled in this township April 6, 1839, on the farm now known as the John Porter farm. She was subsequently married to John McConnell, who died April 19, IS-IO, and she has since made her home with her son, Bryan Dennis. She still lives [Sept. 20, 1882,] at the honored old age of 85, loved and respected by all who know her. Bryan Dennis came to this township with his mother in 1839; was married to x\gnes J. McConnell, October 30, 1844, in Iowa City, by W. R. Talbott. Bought the Sprague claim, moved his young bride thereon, and there established a home noted for its comfort and hospitality far and wide. Mr. Dennis was a man of note among the early settlers, aiding in public counsel and objects of general welfare from his boyhood — a posi- tion of honor, trust and usefulness he has never abandoned. George Dennison came from Illinois with his family April 12, 1839, and settled in Penn township, which was then in Clear Creek precinct. Moved to where John Brant now lives in 1840; moved to Bloomington (Muscatine) 1846; moved back to Penn township, 1850; to where he now lives in 1852, and where, after so much moving, they — he and his wife — expect to end their days. Sturdy and independent, they cling to the customs and traditions of other days. To them we are deeply indebted for facts and reminiscences of early times. 600 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Henry Springmeyer came from Germany to Iowa City in 1838 or '39; was married in 1842 by a Catholic bishop at a private house, as there was no Catholic church erected in Iowa City at that time. Came to their present homestead in what is now Clear Creek township in 1851- at that time part of Union township. They reared a family of eight children, two of whom still reside here, Mrs. Robert Anthony, and Henry J. Spring- meyer. The latter now Hves at Linn Grove farm, near his old home. He was married to Miss R. W. Denney, September 16, 1866. They have a family of eight children — the only family in this township with seven successive sons. Of course the seventh son is destined to be a phy- sician (?). The Denny family came to Iowa in 186], being driven from near Mem- phis, Missouri, by rebel guerrillas. Escaped with sick wife and children, left all else to be destroyed. The wife and mother died soon after her arrival, from effects of excitement and the journey, but was greatly comforted to leave her family in a free country, and that she could be buried in a state where the chains of slavery were never felt. Hon. Geo. Paul came to this township in 1843; married a daughter of H. H. Winchester. Full particulars concerning his notable career will be found elsewhere in this volume. George Dennison; 1839 in the county; in the township in 1843. Jackson Sanders, 1842. Samuel Lovejoy and James Stone, both young men, came in 1840. Joe Brown, 1841. James Montgomery, 1842. Jarvis and Jackson Frost, 1841. Lyman Frost, senior, uncle to Frost Bros., 1840; Lyman Frost, junior, (son), 1842. Henry Usher, blacksmith, with first shop in Sprague's grove, 1841. Tom Spicer and family, 1841. In 1843 came the Keelers and the Kings, and two Shepardsons (J. J. and N.) came in 1842 to Penn township, Virgil Lancaster, 1848, a widower with a large family of girls— much appreciated in the new settlement. Wm. Lancaster, 1843. Yale Hamikon and family, and son-in-law and daughter, and Wm. Mas- sey and family came to Liberty township in 1845, also to this township, 1845. Wesley Reynolds and wife, a son-in-law and daughter of Yale Hamil- ton, settled here the previous year on the farm on which they have since lived. J. R. Willis came to this county in 1841 ; settled in the township, 1845. He was a man of unusual strength, and was remarkable for feats of activ- ity. He could hold 100 pounds with one hand stretched out horizontally, and could jump 16 feet at a stand-still jump. He was married in Febru- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 601 ary, 1841, to Rebecca Lancaster, who died in September, 1854. He mar- ried again, and this second wife dying, was married the third time, the lady still living. He had three children by his first wife, one of whom» Mary Alice Gruwell, is now living in Kansas. Constantine Evans, from Kentucky, in 1843. John McConnell, a widower with family of 8 children, mostly grown, came in 1840, and bought a claim just east of the Abrams cheese factory; still known as the John McConnell farm. Mrs. Bryan Dennis is a daugh- ter of his; also Mrs. Wm. K. Talbott, whose labors as one of the first teachers in Iowa City are well remembered as are those of her husband, the founder of Snethen Seminary at Iowa City in 1844. Isom Holler, in 1845; quite a rough and disreputable character. He had a reputation for being quarrelsome, and kept it up by beating his wife and family on any or no provocation. Spicer Jones, now living in Louisa county, settled here in 1839. James Hollo well from Michigan, 1840. John Conns, father-in-law of Wash. Hulburt, 1843. In the fall of 1839 Archibald Gilliland first came to Clear Creek town- ship, leaving his family behind until he prepared them a home. He bought a large claim in four sections, but built his home in section 26, township 80, range 7, on the site where G. W. Watson now lives. He came from Illi- nois directly, but from Pennsylvania originally. He boarded at Mrs. Den- nis' — now McConnell — for some time and worked at his trade. Moved his family to Iowa City from Illinois in 1840, where he remained for two years to give his family the privileges of schools, then settled on his claim in 1842, where he resided until he died. His claim embraced a farm of 500 acres — a large farm for those days. He was county commissioner for three years, and justice of the peace for quite a number of years; and it was then considered remarkable that in all that time he never had a suit brought before him, spending days at a time to reconcile disagreeing par- ties, rather than neighbor should go to law with neighbor. He was an active politician, of the democratic school of politics, but took earnest sides in favor of "no license," during the agitation of that subject. He died in 1852, leaving to his family a handsome property, accumulated by his thrift and economy. His wife survived him thirteen years. His family con- sisted of nine children, six of whom are now living. These are James Gilliland, living in Madison township, blind by accident. For thirty-three years he has, with unequaled industry and ingenuity, made his way in the world and provided abundantly for his family. He guides and directs farming operations for others, and does much work by the wonderfully acute sense of touch that would seem almost impossible, such as hoeing garden, pitching on or oft' a load, repairing fences, trimming trees, &c., &c. His farm has one of the largest and finest orchards in that section of the country, and abounds in all manner of small fruits. His family con- sists of his wife, two sons and adopted daughter. 602 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Mrs. Elenor Colany, wife of Charles Colany, who with their family of seven children, mostly grown, constitute a family of whose merits the least is the fact that Mr. Colany pays the heaviest tax in the township. Freeman Gilliland lives in Shelby, Shelby county — five children. Mrs. Millie Colany, wife of J. D. Colany — two sisters married two brothers — citizens highly esteemed for their integrity and moral worth; five children. Mrs. Ettie Brown lives in Greene county; five children. Andrew Gilliland, Poweshiek county; one child. These are the descendants of Archibald Gilliland and wife — worthy descendants of wor- thy ancestors. Nathaniel Scales, from Tennessee, came to the county in 1840, in the township in 18-44 or '45; still resides on the same place, in the eastern part of the township; a man ot'much means and influence. John McConnell was born in 1785, in Virginia; came to Iowa in 1839; to this township in 1840; was a widower with eight children, mostly grown. Staked out his claim on land still known as the John McConnell farm, where he lived till his death, April 19, 1846. He was married to Mrs. Mary Ann Dennis in 1841. Those of his chil- dren now living are Mrs. Jane Westbrooke, Joliet, Ills., Mrs. H. A. Tal- bott, Woodhull — her husband. Rev. Wm. K. Talbott, a Pi-esbyterian min- ister. The Medley, published in Iowa City, Iowa territory, June, 1846, contained the following notice of Mr. John McConnell: DIED. '■'■ Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord.'''' In Johnson county, April 19, after about three days' illness, Mr. John McConnell, aged 61 years. The deceased was one of the first settlers and a regent of the Iowa State University. He had performed the office of Ruling Elder in the Presbyterian Church for twenty-five years past in various places in which he had resided." May 10, his daughter, Miss Isabella McConnell, also died, aged 24 years. She yielded her life a voluntary sacrifice to her watchful and untir- ing care over the sick beds of her father, brothers and sisters. Mr. A. J. Bond is daughter of Mrs. M. A. McConnell, and one of the early settlers in this township, where she has married and is at present residing. April 3, 1851, Miss Adaline Dennis was married to Mr. A.J. Bond, Rev. Hardy, officiating. Wesley Reynolds came to this township in 1840; bought the land where he now lives, which was then a claim owned by Ebenezer Douglass. Mr. Reynolds entered the land when it came into market. He has a fine orchard of over 100 trees— mostly apple — and all variety of choice small fruit. His family consisted of twelve children, eight of whom are now living — Wm. Reynolds, Shelby; John N. Reynolds, Kansas; I. P. Rey- nolds, Bryan Reynolds, Charles Reynolds, Mrs. Mary Dawson, Mrs. Lydia Hudson, all of whom live in this township — and Jamts Reynolds in HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 603 Kansas. Four of his sons were in the army— all that were old enough to go,^ — all gone at one time — and all re-enlisted but Bryan, whose time had not expired when the war closed. This latter was under age; and his parents feeling that they had given enough to their country in the three already gone, refused consent, but Bryan counted home and country before father and mother, and ran away and enhsled. His discharge shows that he was in fifteen battles; it is rather remarkable among so many soldiers in one family that not one was wounded or sick except I. P., who was discharged for ill health, came home, got better, and re-enlisted. John Hawkins and wife come from Ohio, and settled on a claim just east of this township line on the farm now known as the John Able farm. They had one son who married a Miss Fishbeck of Ohio, and they in turn had one son — ^grandson of the old people md the joy and comfort of their hearts: he distinguished himself in the army, but we have not the proper data to attempt any account of his record. The old people moved to Iowa Citv where they were widely known. Mr. Hawkins, Sen., took the Cali- fornia fever when at its height and went to California in 1850, where he ■ soon died. His son died in Iowa City, and his widow — the son's widow — subsequently married Mr. Lyman Holt. Mr. Holt died and his widow- went to Ohio, where she married again and died. Her son, Jas. Hawkins, devoted himself to his grandmother — "Auntie Hawkins" — as she was familiarly called, who idolized him as only a fond grandmother can idolize a promising, high minded and honorable young man. He was a captain in 22d regiment Iowa volunteers, was married in Iowa City. He and his wife decided to go to California for their health, and Auntie Hawkins, having no ties but the dear ones of early association decided to accompany them. Her only other living relative — a niece named Miss Jane Hill, who was married to Elder Bowman, a distinguished Methodist minister, the founder of Mt. Vernon College, and a minister yet of great power and influence in Iowa, had also gone to California for her health. "Auntie Hawkins" has died, since going to California; also her grandson and wife, leaving two children. Mrs. Bowman is also dead. Her husband returned after her death to Iowa, and is still living. Thus ends an imperfect sketch of a once notable family of early settlers, known to very many in the county, ending in sad- ness and death, one after another till all but the two young children are gone. Here is a scrap from "Tiffin Topics" concerning old settlers of Johnson county. In March 1880, it was written: Mrs. Sybil Harris, her son, Mr. Van Harris, and two orphan grandchildren whom she has adopted, all from near Leadville, Colorado, are visiting the brothers of Mrs. Har- ris, H. and J. C. Hamilton, and her sister, Mrs. Reynolds. Mrs. Harris was among the early settlers of Johnson county. She is a fine talker and her reminiscences of early times in Johnson county are as interesting as 604 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. the wildest romance. Many who read these lines will remember that she and her sister Mrs. Betsy Ann Massey, set the first fourth of July dinner in Iowa City, celebrating the laying out of the town in 1840. The dinner was in the capitol square, now the university grounds. Thirty was the largest number that could be accommodated at the tables at one time* and the entire settlement had been scoured on both sides of the river to procure dishes for even that many, as none were to be had at the stores. Mrs. Harris at the death of her husband, met with many sad reverses of fortune, and after a time joined her eldest son, Van, who had ranged the western domain from the Rio Grande to British Columbia, and who was one of the early and lucky ones in Leadville, Colorado. Fortune has smiled benignly on their united ventures, and she has returned to Iowa to enjoy the advantages of civilization once more, and to educate her grand- children. Mrs. Harris is a lady of more than ordinary ability, and the romantic vicissitudes of her life render her society and conversation peculiarly interesting. She has located her future home in Montour, Tama county. This history would be incomplete without some mention of Esq. Robt. Walker, one of the earliest settlers of Johnson county, who spent the later years of his life in this township, and was buried in Tiffin cemetery. He was a man of much influence in early times, was the first justice of peace in Johnson county, held offices of public trust, and had much to do with early county affairs. Robert Walker, Esq., was born in Schenectady, N. Y., Oct. 4, 1802; was married, Feb. 19, 1823, to Miss Ellen McWade. Six children were given to the wedded pair. They came to Iowa in 1838, and settled in Pleasant Valley, where, after a number of years, his wife died. In 1853 he moved to Iowa City, where he was married to Mrs. Avis Mygatt, who still lives to mourn his loss. They moved to Clear Creek township in 1850. He died Oct. 28, 1879. In religious belief he was an ardent Universalist, and sustained his belief by a life of irreproachable morality. Prominent among early settlers was H. H. Winchester, the Wolfe family and Colany, Slaght, Saxton and Chipman were added to the little group of early settlers a few years later, and brought with them a breeze from the outside world, better and more convenient ways of Hving — and the new and old settlers soon assimilated. John Saxton and Orville Chipman served as justices of the peace, the latter for several terms. Among the number of good substantial citizens that came to this town- ship m the fifties were the Williams family. Col. John Williams was promoted in the army, and on his return was elected county judge. He died in Iowa City, but was buried in Tiffin cemetery. Hon. RoUa John- son lived in Iowa county before coming to this township, and while Hving there was a member of the Iowa legislature. Wm. Clark, a kind-hearted excellent man, now dead, served as justice of the peace. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 605 Hon. Geor^re Paul is a gentleman whose ability has made him a distin- guished factor of Iowa politics, and whose life and labors have been given more distinctively to the county and State, and especially to the State University, than to this township in which he lives; but he says of him- self in this connection, "I am a Clear Creek man, most emphatically. I first bought the claim in 184:2, and entered the land that I now live on with but one object in view, that of making a permanent home for myself and my then prospective family, and I have never changed m}' mind." Mr. Bryan Dennis was one of the early justices, and still relates with considerable gusto his feats in the marriage line. He tied the knot matri- monial for Isom Holler and his poor, much-abused wife so tight that the unhappy pair struggled in vain for twelve years to undo — and which was finally cut by an axe that the sorely tried woman raised at last in self-de- fense. The old settlers now living in this township are: Hon. Geo. Paul and wife, Mrs. Chas. Colany, Mrs. John Colany, Sarah L. Douglass, Wesley Reynolds and Susan, his wife; J. M. Douglass, H. Hamilton and wife, J. C. Hamilton, Mrs. A. J. Bond, Bryan Dennis and wife, Mrs. Mary McConnell, J. J. Shephardson, George Dennison and wife, Henry Spring- meyer and J. R. Willis. Of the number who settled here in early days the following are known to be dead: Virgil Lancaster and seven of his family, H. H. Winchester and wife, David Switzer and wife, Sam Holler, John Saxton, Archibald Gillilland, wife and oneson, John Headly and father, Henry Headly, James Doug- lass and wife, Ebenezer Douglass, Jackson Frost, Jarvis Frost,Yale Ham- ilton and wife. Dr. I. P. Hamilton, son of Yale Hamilton, and Jonathan Sprague and wife. ELDERLY LADIES OF NOTE. The oldest person in this township is Mrs. Mary McConnell, mother of Bryan and Isaac V. Dennis, and of Mrs. A. J. Bond; it is not from this fact alone, however, that she occupies so high a position in the respect and affection of this people, but from her forty-three years sojourn in Iowa, and nearly that in this township, where she has acted well her part as a pioneer wife, mother and friend. The following is a brief outline of the actual facts in her history: Miss Mary Ann Voris was born October 5, 1798, in Alleghany county. Pa.; was married to John Dennis, October 13, 1818. Three children of the family given them survive, and are now Hv- ing in Johnson county, viz.: Bryan Dennis, born August 1, 1819; I. V. Dennis, November 13, 1821, and Adaline D. Bond, April 1, 1831, all three born in Batavia, Ohio. Her husband, John Dennis, died in 1837, and the widow and three children, the oldest eighteen, the youngest six, gathered up their household goods and started for the far west. Mrs. Dennis, with clear foresight, believing that the west was the place to develop and enrich her boys. She came to Iowa in 1839; lived a short time below the 606 • HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. city, but soon removed to what is now called the John Porter farm. There she met Mr. John McConnell, a widower with eight children, mostly grown, who lived near, and after a short courtship, married him in 1841. He lived but a few years, and when he died, Mrs, McConnell, whose son Bryan had, in 1844, married her step-daughter, Miss Agnes McConnell, made her home with her son and his wife, where she has ever since resided. Mrs. Jane (Bell) Williams was born August 10, 1801, in Hunting- ton county. Pa., was married in April, 1826, to Thos. J. Williams. Moved to Illinois in 1858; came to this township in 1861, where she has since resided, highly esteemed, and the virtual head of a large circle of relatives by the marriage of her children, nearly all of whom have lived in this township or county. But of late years several have moved away, and her son, Col. John Williams has died. Her husband, Thos. J. Williams, died September 13, 1873. She has seven children now living. Col. John Williams, her oldtst son was born March 27, 1827; he died from eflect of disease contracted in the army, where he so distinguished himself for bravery on the field of battle, as to win promotion and highest honors. Col. Williams was emi- nentlv a Clear Creek man, having lived in this township for many years previous to his enlistment. His family lived in this township while he was in the army. On his return from the army he was elected County Judge, and removed to Iowa City; but when he died he was brought to Tiffin cemetery where his honored remains now lie, a man and a soldier of which this township are justly proud. The remaining members of Mrs. Williams' family now living, are Geo. L. Williams, Shelby; Mrs. Rebecca Gregory, Mt. Vernon, Ohio; Miss Isabelle Williams, Shelby; T. Judson Williams, Nevada, Mo.; Sam'l. P. Williams, Shelby; Mrs. Sarah E. Nealy, Griswold, Pottawattamie county, and Miss Lizzie H. Williams, who has devoted her life to the care of her aged mother. Mrs. Sarah L. Douglass is an esteemed member of the elderly ladies, circle; particulars concerning her, will be found among the list of early settlers. Mrs. Mary W. Drake was born in Morris county, N. J., in the year 1801. (Her maiden name was Wolfe). She was married to Jeremiah Slaght in March, 1822. In June, 1845, they moved to Knox county, Ohio. And in June 1854 they moved to Johnson county, Iowa. In the spring of 1865 her husband died; in January 1868, she visited her relatives and friends in New Jersey and Ohio, and at the latter place was married to Samuel Drake, and remained there until his death, in 1875, after which she returned to Iowa again with her daughter and family, where she is still living. She has two children buried and four still living; Lucinda Drake, in Clear Creek township; B. E. Williams, in Iowa City; Nancy W. Qoty, in Ohio; and C. P. Slaght, in Clear Creek township. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. ' 607 Mrs. Sarah [Lynn] Snyder, was born Sept. 23, 1806, in Franklin county, Pa. She is seventy-six years old the day this sketch is written. She was married Feb. 15, l;^2.j, to John Snyder, who died Nov. 4, 1878, after they had lived together over half a century. Their family com- prised eleven children, five of whom are dead. Those living are Mrs. Susan Brown, of Tiffin; Mrs. Lucinda Cramer, Pennsylvania; Mrs. Rachel Brown, Shelby; Wesly Snyder, Shelby; J. K. Sn\'der, Tiffin; and Hugh Sn3^der, of Shelby. Mrs. Snyder descends from the sturdy Pennsylvania stock, where large families were the rule and where they were something to be proud of — as they should be everywhere. Mrs. Snyder was one of eleven children who presented their parents with ninety-eight grand children, and she adds the beautiful reflection that never one of them made a misstep, or disgraced themselves or their parents. Mrs. Lucy Higgins Colany was born in Washington county, Ohio, April 22, 1808. Married to John Colany, in Knox county, Ohio, Feb. 22, 1827; he died Oct. 12, 1835. Four children were given to them, all of whom now live in this township. It is something worthy of note that Mrs. Colany has reared a f^imily — her husband dying when her family was small — who have proven so exceptionally successful in all the pur- suits of life. Their names in order of age are, Mr. Philo Colany, Mrs. Hannah Wolfe, Mr. Charles E. Colany, and Lieut. John D. Colany. Each of these gentleman have held many township offices with credit to them- selves and usefulness to the township. Lieut. John D. Colany is the pre- sent efficient township clerk. Mrs. Colany came to this township in 1853, with her children, and has made her home with her son-in-law, Mr. Wm. Wolfe, from that time to the present. Mrs. Colany is connected with manv families in the neigh- borhood — Slaghts, Drakes, Williams, and others, besides the enlargement of the circle of relationship in the marriage of each of her four children. FIRSTLINGS OF THE TOWNSHIP. First religious regular services were held at Sprague's Grove, by Rev. Israel Clark, of the Ciiristiaii connection; several were baptized in Clear Creek, near Douglass' mill. First school house built in the township was on land donated by Isom Haller from his farm. The building was constructed of logs from a building on a claim vacated by J. J. Shephardson; the work being done by Bryan Dennis, S. Huston, C. Evans, Ebenezer Douglass, Virgil Lancas- ter, J. C. McConnell, J. J. Shephardson and others. First flour ground by Coralville mills was used by Mrs. Wesley Rey- nolds. First school house in the eastern part of the township was where Mr. A. Gilliland built a frame for a gran iry, (which is still used for this pur- pose on the farm of Mr. Ed. Craig,) and he and Mr. J. N. Headly hired a 608 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. young lad}' named Cynthia Wooster to teach a school in it, paying her $1.50 per week and board. Others sent children, paying their proportion, but the lady took sick and returned to Iowa City before her school was finished. First school house in west end of township was built on the hill opposite where J. C. Hamilton now lives. The school was taught by Samuel Dille}', at $12 per month. First person buried in the cemeter}- on the farm now known as the Stage farm was Chas. Frost, a young man. First male child born in the township was Perry Usher, son of the vil- lage blacksmith at Sprague's grove. First persons married were Russell Spicer and Angelina Hartwell, of daughter of M. John Hartwell, Oxford. They had one child, a bo\', who died at about a year old, and was the first male child buried in the Tiffin cemeterv. Among the very earliest marriages was that of Durham Sprague, aged about 23, to Jane Crawford, who was a mother before she was twelve years old. First female child that was buried in the Tiffin cemeterv was a child of Mr. Nelson Dowd; she was scalded to death with hot tea. The parents were from home, the oldest daughter preparing supper, spilled hot tea on the child's head. It was not thought to be a serious case, but the child soon went into convulsions and died. Mrs. Sarah Douglass was the first weaver in the township, weaving blankets, flannels, jeans, etc. Ever}- family kept sheep, carded, spun and colored the wool, and prepared it for the loom. Linsey dresses were not worn out by their first washing, and the rustic belle fortunate enough to have a fine piece of linse}- considered herself highly favored and put on airs accordingly. First physician who resided here was Dr. Crawford, of the botanic school. He lived in a little cabin on Clear creek, near where J. M. Doug- lass now lives. First woman buried in Tiffin cemetery was Mrs. Elizabeth Moore. Second woman buried in Tiffin cemetery was Mrs. A. |. Bond, who contracted small pox on her way to Iowa on a boat coming up the Missis- sippi river. She was taken ill immediately on her arrival, while boarding in the famil}'^ of Mr. and Mrs. Ehenezer Douglass; she was cared for with the unselfish kindness characteristic of " Aunt Sarah," but died. The Douglass family were vaccinated as soon as it was discovered to be small pox, and none contracted the fearful malady but the daughter, Mary, now Mrs. H. Hamilton. John Moore built the first saw-mill in township at the site of what was long known as the Douglass saw-mill. In 1844 E. Douglass bought the property and sawed logs into lumber for many years. In lb46 he bought a horse mill, on which to grind corn meal, and in the time of high water in 1851 was the sole resource for bread, as the township was HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. t'09 shut off from mill privileges by the high water on every side, and "wait- ing their turn at the mill," was the oft told tale to the busy housewife waiting the return of her liege lord with bread stuff. First frame house was erected by Bryan Dennis on the location of what is known as the stage farm. The building still stands. The first brick house was erected by the same enterprising individual. He made the brick and did most of the mason work himself. Dr. Clark was the first physician who practiced here, but he and his family lived in Squash Bend. C. Evans of the Christian Church was the first preacher who lived with his family in the community. Furniture was rare, even of the most common sorts. A few settlers brought a little of the most necessary, but many coming a long wav in ox teams, could not be cumbered witli anything but the actual necessities of life, using the most primitive and rudest articles. Tables were made of boards attached to the cabins by leather hinges. Thev were fastened to the wall, and hung down when not in use so as to save room. Three legged stools, and rough benches made of slabs furnished seats, while wooden pins fastened in the wall of a corner and an outside piece from one pin to the other, the pins being wound with a cord, furnished couches for the hardy pioneers that afforded as peaceful slumber as the luxurious springs of the present time. After a few vears Wm. Spicer and Howard Sprague bought a turning lathe, and then turniture began to take on a certain "tone" indicative of the latent pride in all civilized people. First justice of the peace in the to.vnship was John Hartwell, who mar- ried Samuel Hueston to his second wife, Miss Frost — a sister of his first wife. He also married Orla Hull to Mary Clark. These were among the first marriages in the township. First regular Methodist meeting was held at Keeler's stage farm, con- tinuing for some time there. Rev. Edward Twining preaching. Just the verv first of all the first Methodist meetings, says Geo. Den- nison, were held at the house of Thomas King and that Geo. S. Dennison knows right well for King was his cousin, and lived on the east of bridge by Wm. Wolfe's residence, south side of the road, and here the little van- guard of pioneer Methodists held their little prayer and class-meetings in a little log cabin in the wilderness of unsettled Iowa, calling in an occasional stray preacher or exhorter to keep them in good heart and hope. The first quarterlv meeting held in the township was held just west of what is known as the stage farm in a beautiful grove, since removed. Robert Hutchison was the first mail carrier in this township, carrying the mail in a hack or on horseback, as the roads would admit, between Iowa City and Marengo. Many are the stories told of bad roads in early times, especially during the great emigration and stage periods, when aU travel was on the road. It is said the stage' passengers generally traveled on foot in bad weather, 610 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. carrying on their shoulders the useful rail to pry out the mired-dovvn vehicle when occasion required. ROADS. J. N. Headly was the first road supervisor for this precinct, which then comprised more than four townships, and he may be pardoned for not keeping roads in as good repair as his successors have been able to do. J. R. Willis was one of a party who went twelve miles to do the first work on the state road west of Iowa City; they broke the first road bed through Folsom's hill near the Centennial bridge. Streams had no bridges in early times and had to be forded, and when the water was high people had to stay at home. The first bridges were of the rudest description — quite a contrast to these structures of the present time. J. R. Willis used to break prairie with five yoke of large oxen. It was of common occurrence for him to leave his work and take his team to pull emigrants out of mud holes — going as far east as the space of sand from where Abrams now lives to Watson's, where it was an almost daily occurrence to find teams sunk in the quick-sand. John N. Headly was the first actual settler in the township, and the farm now owned by Wm. Wolfe. Some one had staked out the claim, broke 12 acres and built a cabin and left the place without an apparent master, when Headly jumped the claim and settled thereon. Mr. E. Douglass went to Burlington for first flour; also to Spring Mills, some 60 miles, for corn meal; and the meal when he got it home cost just two dollars a bushel. First barrel of flour cost $14.00; first bar- rel of salt, $14.00. The second spring after he came here they were three weeks without bread in the house, during planting season, as it was so far to go to mill. They bought store goods and mailed their letters at Bloomington — now Muscatine — and every letter cost 25 cents in coin of the realm, and people only went to the post office once in three or four months, and sometimes not so often. On one occasion "Aunt Sarah," his wife sent to Bloomington for 25 cents worth of salaratus, and when brought home it was less than a tea cup-full in quantity. First crop of buckwheat was raised by Ebenezer Douglass and was ground in a coffee mill. Early settlers, although deprived of many supplies from mill and store, generally were well supplied with chickens and cows, and had plenty of milk, cream, butter, eggs, poultry, venison, wild fruit, wild game, fish, honey, «S:c.; and with all their hardships none have complained of suf- fering from a scarcity of provisions sufficient for all necessities. THE FIRST GRIST MILL. Br3^an Dennis relates that the first grist mill in Johnson county was built by David Svvitzer, in the spring and summer of 1839, and the first grist was ground some time in October. Like the mill of the gods, it "ground slowly;" and, using a very small run of burrs, not "exceeding HISTORY OP' JOHNSON COUNTY. 611 line." It was some time before bolting reeds were attached; the process of makincr bread was of most primitive style; sifting the cracked corn and wheat by hand in a sieve, merel}^ getting out the coarsest hulls; but it made good wholesome bread. The mill was constantly crowded with grists waiting their turn. Those living nearest the mill were furnished with a peck or half bushel — some- times a bushel — at a time, and you may be sure there was any amount of growling; but Mr. Switzer made it a rule to grind for the needy lirst, and supply others as fast as possible. One or two persons brought a large grist to be ground which they expected to sell at high figures to the set- tlers in time of scarcity; they were exceeding wroth under this rule, and brought suit against Mr. Switzer for not grinding, as they claimed, by turns — assuming it was a public mill, but the}' were defeated. The grind- ing capacity was increased; and other mills being built, the people's wants were soon better supplied. Only those who have lived for weeks and even months without breadstuff other than that pounded in a mortar by a pestle, can appreciate the luxury of the first flour and meal from the old, old mill. Like the old oaken bucket, its praises we sing, " what pleas- ure, what comfort old memories bring." After a time Switzer sold his burrs, bolts, etc., to the Milling Company who were building their mill at Coralville, and turned his grist mill into a saw mill. Before these mills went into operation, and during the time they remained unbuilt after having been burned down — these were the times of hardship of getting flour and going a great distance to mill spoken of in these papers. Many went to English river mills, provided to stand a seige " waiting for grist;" Many took quilts and robes for bed- ding, feed for team, and provisions for driver, and were gone three or four days at a time. Archibald Gilliland sent to Cedar Rapids for flour; crossed Iowa river at a point near where Roberts' ferry is now located, when the river was frozen in the winter, or lo\. enough to ford in summer. All other times went by way of Iowa City, a distance of nearly forty miles. The first milling done in Iowa by Geo. S. Dennison and wife had pecul- iar circumstances and peculiar results. George and Joseph Dennison — brothers, then living in Penn township — had broken prairie together dur- ing the summer, doubling on teams so to do. Joseph had still a farm in Illinois where he had raised wheat that summer, 1843. In the fall George took his own teams — five yoke of oxen — and went to mill, going first to his brother's farm in Illinois to get the wheat; returned to Iowa at Rock- ingham, a small place three miles below Davenport, now deserted and for- gotten, but then of some account from its mill. Near the place one of the wagons loaded with loose wheat in wagonbox was upset in the dry sandbed of a creek, and a vexatious delay for reloading was had. When he got to the mill he found it full of grists, for three weeks ahead, so he 612 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. left the wheat and came home. Mrs. George Dennison had been pros- trated with the malii^nant type of acjue common to early settlements; and hoping that a change would break it up, took his wife in an ox wagon to Bloomington [Muscatine] ; left her there; went to Rockingham, got his grist, returned for his wife who was still no better, and set out for home. A severe cold rain set in, completely drenching them in an open wagon. Mr. D. cut grass with his pocket knife to shelter the flour; for in those days of scarcity and with all the trouble they had to get it, they preferred to sufler themselves rather than let the flour get wet. They camped in the open prairie with no shelter from the bleak skies but a quilt or two brought with them. It turned severely cold in the night. In the morning their quilts and even their clothing was frozen hard and they barely- escaped freezing themselves. Mrs. D. was in the last stages of despond- ency, and begged her husband to leave her on the prairie to the mercy of the wolves, as she was growing weary of life and suftering. George dryly remarkes — "couldn't aftbrd to do it, you see; women were too scarce in thos^^ da3's — particularly women like mine." Strange to say, Mrs. Dennison's ague left her from that hour, and she has never had it since. She does not recommend her " ague cure " for general use, how- ever, as the remedy was worse than the disease. It would have killed any woman who had not a strong will powder and iron constitution. Yale Hamilton, who when he first came to the county, lived three miles below lowa City on the west side of the Iowa river, used to take his wheat to Wapsenonock to a horse mill, a distance of twenty miles. There are told by those of his family still living many incidents of hardship and privation. No necessity of civliized life was so dear and hard to get as salt, and settlers always boiled down the brine on shipped pickled pork — often rusty — and dried the salt for cooking purposes. Yale Hamilton once went fifteen miles for a pint of salt. The first crop of buckwheat — thirty-seven bushels — was ground in a coftee mill. The buckwheat was kept on large slabs of bark, peeled from trees and dried to use as boards, they were placed over the rafters of the log cabin home near the fire place where it would keep dry; and the bo3's had to keep the mill going by turns nearly all the time. The first dry goods ever brought to Johnson county, Charles Berryhill brought in a trunk,'"^ which for lack of room in the days of large families and small houses, was kept under the bed; and when people came to trade at the new store the trunk w^as hauled out and merchant and patron knelt beside it and displayed and examined goods with possibly as much satisfaction and sharp bargaining as is involved in such transactions now-a-days. Ber- ryhill afterwards built a log house near by where he had his store; traded much with the Indians [See under head of "First District Court in Iowa *This must be n mistake, for.Inhn Gilbert and Wliefon Chase both kept trading house» in Pleasant Valley township lonif before Berr^iiill came to the count v. It is a great pity that no definie tdate is given to any of these supposed "first things." — Editor. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 613 City], and made money, as did all store keepers in those days. This building being burned down, he went to Iowa City into the same business^ and prospered exceedingly; but finally became insane and died. People who groan over hard times and low prices for products should remember the experience of early settlers, who sold wheat at twenty-five cents per hundred pounds, and sold dressed pork for $1.50 per hundred pounds. The Clear Creek Woolen Mills were built in 18—, by E. Stickler on the site of the saw mill built by David Switzer. There almost every variety of flannels and woolen cloth was manufactured, which soon acquired a rep- utation that commanded better prices than similar goods of eastern man- ufacture, and the merchants who controlled the sale of this cloth did a flourishing business. In 18 — , Mr. Stickler had an offer from Kansas of a partnership and enlargement of business, that was very profitable, which he accepted, and removed the machinery of the woolen mills to that place, whither he removed with his family, and where he is still living. The onlv stone quarries in the township belong to Hon. Geo. Paul, and are of limestone similar to those in Penn township. At a depth of thirty- five feet from the surface the layers are found, by drilling, to be three feet thick. The cheese factory of Mr. E. Abrams is located on the farm formerly known as the Seymour farm. In 1860 he commenced operations in part- nership with Mr. E. T. Seymour. The following year he bought Sey- mour's share and has continued in the business ever since, milking forty to fifty cows. His cheese finds ready sale at prices ranging from fifteen to twenty cents per pound. The lowest price was in 1877, when it was sold at from six to eight cents per poimd. NOTABLE EVENTS. Among the notable events of later years was the silver wedding of Mr. and Mrs. A.J. Bond, April 4, 1876, on which occasion there were 300 invited guests. March 17, 1878, Mrs. Booher, a widow^ lady living near Tiffin, died very suddenly. She had been very ill df typhoid fever, but had recovered so as to be able to be about. On the day of her death, her daughter was married. Soon after the ceremony Mrs. B. complained of being weary and in a few moments she was dead. It was a great shock to the wed- ding guests as well as to the entire community. In June, 1877, there was organized a temperance society known as the "Blue Ribbon Brigade." Its first officers were: Mr. E. Abrams, presi_ dent; Rolla Johnson, vice-president; J. K. Snyder, secretary: Mrs. A.J. Bond, treasurer; Mrs. Mary A. Hamilton, Dr. Brown and Henry Abrams, executive committee. This society has continued in active organization up to the present time, September, 1882. 39 614 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Much Mormon emigration passed through this township on its way to Salt Lake in 1848-9. Procuring their outfit of hand carts, etc., in Iowa City, they generally made their first camp nine miles from that place, on Buffalo Creek near the county bridge. Their camp was a place of resort for people here, to note the singular habits and outfit of this deluded oeo- ple. On one occasion three young girls were discovered to be dissatisfied and parties assisted them to escape from the Mormon company. One of the girls returned to England, the other two married and settled in Iowa. In August, 1879, Mr. Chas. Colany had three head of fine horses and a new open family carriage stolen. One horse was subsequently found. The rest of the property was never heard from. The grain house at Tiffin was burned by sparks from a locomotive. On the Nathaniel Scales farm there is a piece of slough that was set on fire in the spring, to burn the grass off", and it burned all summer. It was discovered to be a peat bed, and burned twelve feet deep. Several others in the township in the same condition. ACCIDENTS. About twenty-five years ago a young man named Dicus, a brother of James Dicus of this place, was drowned near Strickler's dam while bathing. About eighteen years ago a man named I.ysle, living in Oxford town- ship, fell off" a load of lumber while driving on the state road near where Mr. Jno. Fisher now lives, and was killed by being run over. In September, 186.5, Mr. Eli Brooks, a gentleman who, a few years before had bought what was then known as the Haller farm, met with an accident resulting in almost instant death, that cast a gloom of sorrow and regret over this community. Mr. Brooks was a heavy stock dealer, and spent much of his time in the saddle buying and selling stock. He used for this purpose an unusually fine horse that was a great favorite — spirited, but kind, and was not supposed to be vicious or easily frightened. On the morning in question, diff"erent persons met him in an unusually happy frame of mind, singing at the top of a remarkably fine voice, good, old-fashioned Methodist melodies; for he was a Methodist class-leader, steward and exhorter. An hour or twO later some friends invited him to stop and refresh himself with watermelons. He hastil}^ slipped his halter in the form of a slip noose over his arm, and ahghted. As he sat there pleasantly chatting, his horse, from some unexplained reason took fright suddenly, and bounded off" with the speed of the wind, dragging him by the arm till he was torn, mangled and bruised almost beyond recognition, and instantly killed. About five years after this his son, William Brooks, and another young man named Charles Ellsworth, were killed by the caving in of a well, at the bottom of which they were at work laying up a wall of stone for the water basin. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 615 BIG THRESHING JOBS. J. M. Douth Iowa — Capt. Jno. Williams, enlisted second company raised in Johnson county, Company G., 0th Iowa. Promoted to major of regiment 1862. Promoted for bravery at the battle of Shiloh [see particulars else- where] to colonelcy of the regiment with rank of brevet brigadier general. J. M. Douglass enlisted as a private; promoted to 2d lieutenant on HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 521 being mustered in. Rfsit:jned Sept. 3, 18(?2. Re-enlisted and com- missioned 2d lieutenent Company G, 47th Iowa. George Madden, wounded at Shiloh; Wm. Davis, promoted to 3d corporal, killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1S(>*2; John Ditto, corporal, taken prisoner at Shiloh, Aprtl 6, 1S62; Michael Ditto, killed at Atlanta, July 22, 18(U; Almond H. Frazee, veteran, discharged in 18t>o. Enlisted in regular army; discharged for disability; pensioned $50 per month; Thos. B. Haller, died of fever Nov. 10, lSt)2; Austin A. Hull, killed at Atlanta, Georgia, July 22, 1864; John K. Smith, discharged for disability June 4, 18t)2; pensioned $4 per month. 14th Iowa. — ^John Douglass, wounded at Ft. Donelson, struck by a shell; L. Davis, prisoner, confined in half a dozen different prison pens; Chas. Slaght, John Reynolds, Wm. Reynolds, re-enlisted; I. P. Reynolds, B. \V. Reynolds, Jas. Cropley, Wm. Cropley, John Howlet, — Emerson. 22d Regi'.iient. — Chas. Johnson, Henry Rutter, died of comsumption contracted in the army: I. P. Reynold, tu-st time, pensioned: John Karns, Thos. Haller, Chas. Lewis. 28th Regiment, Co. E. — ^^Jolm D. Colanw At the organization of the company was a private: was j-tromoted to corporal, then to 2d sergeant, then to 1st lieutenant; carried a musket IS months; was in thirteen battles which were inscribed on the regimental colors; was never absent from his company during three years service, without orders. What a glorious record I That old musket and sabre will be a precious heirloom when handed down in his family with the story of his valor. Patrick K. Con- avor, died of wound; Isaac Carlton, died of sickness: ^P. J. Brown, private, promoted to corporal; James M. Dicvis, was taken prisoner at the battle of Winchester Heights, taken to Libbv prison, afterwards exchanged; Chas. H. Dennison, died of sickness at the seige of Vicksburg; J. M. Frazee, Chas. F. Heubener, a mere boy, recruit, came to tiie company at Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, and was taken into the tight at Sabine Cross Roads next day, marciied with the company about thirty-six miles during the day ami night, /h'sn/r the labor and fatfoiic or the hatt1e\ Aaron Hig- gins, John Ileofer, enlisted private, promoted corporal, killed at battle of Sabine Cross Roads; Milo Higgins, was sent from \"icksburg, after- wards died; John O'Riley, Alexander Riley, was taken prisoner at \"icks- burg. afterwards exchanged; Philip Smith, disabled at the battle of Port Gibson; David Wilson, Jeremiah Wilson, wounded at tlie battle of Wil- son's Creek. 28th Iowa, Co. G.- -Bryan Reynolds, ran away from home to enlist, as he was under age, fifteen battles are marked on his honorable discharge, in which, strange to say, lie never got a scratch. 4Tth Iowa, Co. G. — Capt. Ben. Owens, vice John Williams, promoted; J. M. Douglass, enlisted in this company as private, was commissioned 2d Heutenant; I. P. Reynolds, re-enlisted; Lorenzo Davis, taken prisoner 622 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. at battle of Shiloh, was in rebel prisons at Memphis, Mobile^ Kahaba, Macon, and Libby prison at Richmond, BATTLE OF SHILOH. From J. M. Douj^jlass we learn some particulars in regard to the part taken by the Sixth Iowa infantr}^, — of which company G was largely enlisted from this township — about which there has been some conflicting statements. We propose to give the correct version, that justice may be done to those who distinguished themselves for promptness and efficiency on that trying field of action. The first engagement was the battle of Shiloh, March 6, 1803. Capt. John Williiims — captain of Co. G, — was on the sick list, as was also Lieut. Miller; and J. M. Douglass was put in command of the company. Capt. Williams rose from his sick bed and joined his regiment on their going into battle, and was shortl}' placed in command of the regiment by Col. McDowell. He commanded the regiment until it was repulsed, with severe loss in dead and wounded, at which time Capt. Williams was wounded bv a shot in th.e thigh; the regiment become badly disorganized and fell back in much confusion to the river. J. M. Douglass now reported his company, of which he had been placed in temporary command, to Col. McDowell for duty, and was ordered, with Adjutant T. J. Ennis, to organize the regiment and support the battery on the hill. On the morn- ing of the 7th, by request of the line officers, J. M. Douglass assumed command of the regiment, (orderly sergeant Jas. J. Jordan then com- manding company G,) and had it attached to Gen. Garfield's brigade, and followed the rebels about six miles; but not gaining on them, returned to camp. Capt. Williams was considered by all his comrades as brave and efficient a commander as ever left the State. He was promoted to the rank of Major of the regiment, and brevet Brig. General for bravery at the battle of Shiloh. He resigned his command as Lieut. Colonel ol 47th Iowa, on account of his wounds. As to the 6th regiment, and our own company G, the battle of Shiloh was their first engagement; and at from sixty to eighty yards distance, without breastworks, they fought the 6th and 7th Tennessee, and 6th Louisiana infantr}', three regiments deep. THE ladies' flag. One occasion of much interest at the time, was when the first thiee companies of the 14th Iowa volunteers - quite a number of company C having been recruited from this vicinity — passed through the township in the fall of 1861, on their way to Ft. Randall, and camped on the grounds of the widow of Jos. Douglass, commonly called, by fi-iends and neigh- bors, "Aunt Fanny." This township owned a beautiful silken flag made by its ladies during recruiting time, and on hasty consultation it was agreed to proceed en masse to camp, and present the colors to the regiment, which was accordingly done, by the light of a blazing straw HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 625 Stack, amid much enthusiasm. The presentation speech was made by Bryan Dennis, Esq., captain of Home Guards, Col. John Pattee, of Iowa City, responding for the regiment. Several prominent gentletnen present were called upon for a speech, but declined. The writer hereof, then known as Miss Mary Washburn, a student of the Normal School in Iowa City, happening to be present, accepted the pressing invitation of Capt.. Dennis and Col. Pattee, and addressed the regiment briefly. And as a bit of romance, I will add that this occasion incidentally resulted in chang- ing the name of Washburn to Hamilton the following spring. When the war was over, and the regiment was disbanded, and those left of company C returned to this place, they brought with them the silken banner which had been their pride and care; and being tendered an ovation by the ladies, in the tbrm of a public supper, at Johnson's school-house, they made that the occasion of returning the flag to the ladies of Clear Creek. The writer, now Mrs. Hamilton, was delegated to receive the flag. Many speeches were made, fine quartettes sung, a splendid supper served, and everybody was happy. STORIES, SKETCHES AND INCIDENTS. Grave of an Indian Chief tah^s Son — (B.Dennis). — Near the eastern boundary of the township, on the right of way of the C, R. 1. & P. R. R.y lie the remains of the son of Shebana, chief of the Pottawattamies. The young chief and a few comrades of the tribe left their Rock River home in Illinois, for the purpose of inspecting their new home west of the Mis- souri river, in the Indian reservation. While on their way the young- chief was attacked by fever; he was taken into the cabin of a white man and cared for until he died, which was in a few days. His remains were deposited in their last resting place by the whites, attended by his sorrow- ful and lonely companions, who retraced their steps to the home of their tribe. Several years after, the old chief and a few families stopped on their way to the Indian reservation, and, enquiring, found the grave, held a pow-wow over it, paid Mr. Wise $10 for putting a picket fence around the grave; also, a pole, from which streamed the stars and stripes, was placed securely; another pow-wow; and then they sadly renewed their journey towards the settmg sun. There is nothing now left to mark the spot but a slight depression in the earth. The Indians moved out of this township about the time the first settlers moved in. The government, in treaty with them, broke a section of prairie land and established a trading-house for them about five miles east of Marengo, in Iowa county. Here they lived, and the squaws cultivated the land, while the lazy men of the tribe wrapped their dirty blankets- about them and sought their old hunting-grounds in this township, where they hunted and fished, and traded with the whites, and got drunk. 624 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. WEATHER. In 1842-43, Mrs. McConnell moved to this township from below Iowa City as far as Carolville on the ice, on the 6th day of April. The same winter was a season of much distress and gloom among the early settlers on account of unusual severity of weather and deep snow; and the question of moving to Oregon in the spring was discussed eagerly in the Clear Creek lyceum, and also in a lyceum established over on the river in Penn township. The next season proved one of abundant crops, and the settlers took heart and stayed. This winter the family of Wesly Reynolds lived for two months with- out flour in the house, an account of deep snows and difficulty in getting to mill. They used baked potatoes for bread and cooked in other ways for vegetables. Bryan Dennis says, the winter of 1842-3 was memorable for its arctic intensity by all who endured the rigor of that winter, penned up in their crow^ded log cabins, mere refugees from wind and rain, but not from cold. It nearly froze out all the enthusiasm we had for Iowa's beautiful prairies, and many talked of emigrating to Oregon. The following year being an exceptionally good year, the Oregon fever died out. The prairies assumed new beauties, and new farms were opened on every hand. There was a man frozen to death on English river, in April, which illustrates the severity of the much talked of winter and spring of 1843-4. The winter of 1877 was unusually mild and pleasant, particularly the early part of the winter. Fall plowing was continued with little inter- mission on account of cold until December 20. Among all the noted years of unusual weather the year 1882 will take precedence, for being the most disagreeable, unfruitful and variable ever known in Iowa. The year opened mild, and every indication pointed to an early spring, which suddenly in March veered off into winter weather after many had sown wheat and planted potatoes; then there were chang- able degrees of severity until the middle of May, during which month there was a fall of two or three inches of snow, after rye had headed out and grass was a foot high. Then followed a succession of disastrous storms and floods, which, while not doing here the local damage in some localities, yet effectually ruined all the corn on low ground. Following the wet spell was a short hot drouth that in a few days " fired " the corn on hill land that had been promising a reasonable crop. All varieties of fruit except blackerries, were either destroyed by the several late freezes, or injured so that the crop was small. ORIGIN OF NAME OF SQUASH BEND. Bryan Dennis relates: "Dr." Josiah Crawford, from whom the name of Squash Bend (now called North Liberty) originated, lived in this"town- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 625 ship in the spring and summer of 1842. He was a quack doctor of the original type. Being hard pushed for a Hving, he moved to Sugar Bot- tom, in Penn township, and occupied a shant^^ vacated by a bachelor named Waterson, a farmer from Illinois. Waterson made a claim out on the prairie, now a part of the Donner farm. He broke up a few acres and planted sod corn, pumpkins and squashes, which was the sole sub- sistence of the doctor's family for four or five months. The whole crop used was packed in sacks by an old man by the name of Pettis a distance of three or four miles. It occupied nearly his whole time. Crawford spent his time in visiting his "ager" patients, and in tiie woods gathering " roots and yarbs." He w^as very fond of the good things of this life, and never in a hurry to leave his patients as long as there was prospect of grub ahead. The family at home, meanwhile, enjoyed their change of diet, from roast- ing-ears and squash to squash and roasting-ears. Pettis said, ''the board done first-rate, but it was mighty hard work to get it." Pioneer jokes have a sa\'or of interest to old settlers that the latest illustrated comic literature fails to secure. One remembers the story of Mr. Bryan Dennis' first and only attempt to dance. "B. Dennis and lady " were invited to a wedding. In those days handsome and intelli- gent girls did not number as large a majority as they do now in Clear Creek township, and Mr. D. escorted a young gentleman and paid him the most assiduous attention, in lieu of the more desirable other party. Dancing was the order of the entertainment, and the mother of the bride, a woman of seventy, mellow with " the hilarity of the occasion " (it stood in an open barrel by the door, with the dipper handy), invited Mr. D. to lead oft' the dance with herself. Age and beauty were resistless, and he could not be less than courteous to his hostess, who had set forth a fine spread, for those days, for her guests. So he helped his fair companion through the maizy reel(ing) as best he could; but that experience satis- fied him, he has never danced since. A story is told of a claim quarrel as the only occasion in which the populace were stirred to threaten deeds ot violence. As some of the par- ties are living, we suppress names. B. bought of A. a claim, and not being possessed of much money, turned in a note on a man in Illinois, which A. accepted, alter first learning that the note was good. A. did not attempt to collect the note until about a year after it was due. The man who gave the note in the meantime had failed, and A., to save him- self, went to Dubuque and entered the land " over B.'s head." The peo- ple got excited and indignant over the transaction and called a mass- meeting, which was attended by every man in the township; A. and B. were also requested to attend. A. failed to put in an appearance, and the meeting sent for him again. The murmurings and threats grew so loud that policy told A. he had better appear; and the meeting requested him to go out and settle it with B. or the citizens would settle it for him. 626 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. which he did; and B., being better educated, "saved" himself, while A. lost all he had by the transaction. This township has been the ground of many romantic episodes. Among the earliest was a runaway match between Orla Hall and Miss Mary Clark, who were among the earliest marriages, by Esq. Hartwell. Geo. Den- nison and Henry Headly espied the parties on horseback riding in haste, and taking their horses, followed in time for the denoument of a happy wedding, before the pursuing father of the bride reached the scene. All were subsequently reconciled, and "lived happily ever after," as the story writers says. James Douglass was the first emigrant as far west as where the old homestead farm is located. Four weeks afterward his brother, Ebenezer and family came seeking him, to locate near. They stopped and enquired at J. N. Headley's — w^here Wm. Wolfe now resides. They were told that only one team had passed, and as this answered his description, they were satisfied they were now on the right trail, which they followed till they came to the banks of Buffalo creek near the old Copi ford. There they lost the trail, and after searching half a day slept over the matter — when "Aunt Sarah" dreamed that they were directed to cross the stream, and up further towards its source they would find the trail; and that their brother's house was at the end of the road — all of which proved correct, and was one of those singular coincidinces of dreams that seem so entirely unaccountable, but which almost all families occasionally experience. Indian arrow heads have been and are yet found in many places. Two stone axes were found on the farm of J. M. Douglass, near his present resi- dence. They were sent to Prof. Nipher in St. Louis. Buffalo creek was named by Jeremiah Slaght; so called from its run- ning speed in time of a rapid rise. The small stream east of A. J. Bond's residence was long called Pin- hook creek, from its peculiar outline. GAME AND HUNTING STORIES. As late as 1853 deer were frequently seen; Hon. Rolla Johnson saw five head, that year on the spot where his residence now stands, and H. N. Hyde, his brother-in-law, shot two wild turkeys near the same spot, the same year. Elk used to roam these glades, and the belts of timber land afforded them shelter. J. M. Douglass saw a drove of five at one time. A grizzly bear was seen down at Old Man's creek; and E. Douglass saw a panther at the head of Clear creek. Mr. J. R. Willis saw tracks of bi-ar on sand bars of the Iowa river, but never met one. Catamounts, wolves, deer, wild cats, turkeys, geese, and ducks were plenty. None of these found for many years past. Bee hunting, or more properly honey-hunting, has always been a favor- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. (>37 ite pastime with early settlers, not only because it was good, but because "sweets was dear and skase." John Miller, (now Judge Miller of Mar- engo) went to Marshall county in 1840 on a honey hunt, and brought back a barrel of strained honey. J. M. Douglass on one occasion shot five fish with one rifle shot. The fish collectively measured ten feet, the largest weighing seven pounds. Affidavit on demand, if you don't believe it. Another time he was wading Clear Creek when a fish ran between his feet; he caught it in this extemporaneous fish gate, and it weighed two pounds. The same gentleman had his hunting luck b}' bunches; one time he killed five prairie chickens at one shot; at another time he brought down seven ducks at one shot. Deer were once plentiful in these groves, and venison steak as common as beef is now. They were so plenty as to be at times a nuisance to early settlers, breaking into fields and eating corn like hogs; bnt they were shy and often difficult to capture. A party of four men chased a drove of seventeen deer from Old Man's creek into this township, and only got one. Mr. J. J. Shephardson was the mighty Nimrod of this section. In the year 1850, he killed forty deer and fifty-two wild turkeys, by actual count. The last day of the year was one of unusual severity. A blinding snow storm prevailed. Shephardson had killed thirty-nine deer; but on being told that an Indian had killed that many, he seized his gun and started out, determined to beat that Indian. He saw a deer and chased it several miles through the pelting storm; he finally shot it down in a creek full of snow and ice, where before he could secure the deer he froze both of his feet. He once killed a very large catamount in Snow's Grove, south of Oxford; wounded it first and on following it, just as it was crouched to spring upon him, raised his gun and shot it dead. It measured five feet nine inches. Finding he could not carry it home, he skinned it and sold the hide in Iowa City. As he was returning home with the hide and a wild turkey he had shot, he was chased by wolves some distance; and just as they were getting .in uncomfortable proximity, Shepardson's faithful dogs came to meet him, as was their custom, and rescued their master. On one occasion he was chased by what he supposed were wolves, but on investigating the next morning, was discovered to be a panther, by its tracks. Mr. Shepardson is a noted wolf hunter, having claimed the bounty oftener and more at a time than any one in the county. In the last five years he has killed 121 wolves, bringing him the neat bounty of $605. The largest number killed in one year was thirty-three. He has often found Indian arrow heads whilst out hunting, some of them as large as four and one-half inches long. In all Mr. Shepardson's conflict with savage game, and killing over 500 C28 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. deer, he never met with an accident but twice; once he was kicked by a large buck in its death throes and was knocked about a rod on frozen ground. On another occasion, a large buck that Mr. S. thought he had killed, rallied just as he had taken hold of it, and struck him a blow on the left breast that knocked him insensible for a time. When he recov^ered his senses he was clinging to the deer's neck, while it was circling and kicking in a frightful way. He drew his knife and ended the circus, but has never fully recovered from that blow. He once killed a buck with sixteen prongs to his antlers. He killed a moosehead in Hardin county, with fort3'-three pronj^s to his antlers. Reptiles were very large in early days. Mr. Shepardson once killed a bull snake 8^ feet long, just as it was coiled to spring upon him. Large orchards numbering 100 trees or more, are owned by Hon. Geo. Paul, N. Scales, Chas. Colany, Wm. Wolfe, Hon. Rolla Johnson, A. J. Bond, H. Springmeyer and Wesley Reynolds. Mr. J. R. Willis had an orchard of 500 or 600 trees that have borne well; but using his orchard for a hog pasture has greatly injured it and in many instances killed the trees. He is now plowing it and filling the vacancies with choice fruit. The orchard owned and planted by Hon. Geo. Paul was the first orchard planted in the township — principally apples from the Nicholas Longworth nursery, of all varieties; but also contains pears, peaches, plums, cherries. No personal enterprise of the township is viewed with more public satis- faction and interest than the larcre and fiourishincr orchard of Hon. Rolla Johnson, which occupies forty acres in extent. Since it came into bearing it has yielded enormous crops of fruit. The land is part of the original farm of Mr. Johnson, and most favorably located as to soil and protection for the purpose of raising fruit. About ten years since it was planted principally with apple trees, but later with all varieties of grapes. One year his vines gave a marvelous 3'ield. He sold two tons; and finding it impossible to give them any more time without neglecting his crop of fall and winter apples, he gave notice to the people to come and get what grapes they wanted, free of cost; and tons of them were disposed of in this way, while other tons dropped to the ground ungathered. Last year his trees did not bear so well, but he sold over $400 worth of winter apples. Mr. Johnson thinks that the late freezes that destroyed all the fruit this spring [1882] will change the bearing year, and that another year the trees will bear heavily. For choice fruit he cultivates cherries, pears, peaches^ Siberian crab apples, chestnuts (bearing trees), grapes, — principally [Con- cords — strawberries, raspberries, &c. Mr. Johnson has something over 1,500 apple trees, comprising the following varieties: Ben Davis, Jonathan, Willow Twig, White Pippin, Benoni, Sweet June, Red June, Fameuse, Walbridge, Red Romanite, Dominie, Snow apple, — about the onh^ apple bearing this year — and others. In crabs his favorite is Whitney No. 10— as large as an ordinary apple and of most delicate flavor.. In 1880, that wonderful fruit year, Mr. Johnson sold 1,100 bushels of winter apples. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 629 Bryan Dennis was born Angust 1, 1819, in Batavia, Clermont county Ohio; came to Clear Creek township in 1839 with his mother. October 30, 1844, he was married to Miss Agnes J. McConnell, in Iowa City, at the residence of the bride's brother-in-law, Rev. W. K. Talbott, who also performed the interesting ceremony. In coming to their home the same day, when coming up the Folsom hill near where the " Centennial bridge" is now, Mr. Isaac V. Dennis, who as "best man" of the occasion, was driving, sportively threatened to upset the party, which feat, [not difficult to accomplish at the same place even in the present time,] he suc- ceeded in doing, to his great mortification and regret, a moment later for it hurt Mr. Bryan Dennis quite badly. Mr. Dennis bought the land where he now lives, which then was claimed by Mr. Sprague, and the happy pair set up their home on this spot, a home that has been noted for more that forty years for its hospitality, and social delights.. From his youth up Mr. Dennis has been one of the foremost men in the community in all matters of public interest, occupying the most of the time some town- ship office. His counsel is sought on many subjects, and by all classes of people, and is always kindly and sympathizingly given. He has been quite prominent, as these pages will testify, in all matters connected with lit- erary exercises, debates, etc., and although debarred h\- the few school privileges of pioneer life from the education he has so liberally given his children, he has yet had the natural nbility to apply the three months' schooling, (all he ever had), to better account than many who take a uni- versity course. Like his compatriot and fellow pioneer, Hon. Geo. Paul, who never attended school after he was nme years of age, there is nothing to indicate illiteracy either in speech or pen. These men have profited by reading and observation to an extent worthy to be imitated by our men of to-day. His wife, Mrs. Agnes J. Dennis, was born April 25, 1825; came to Iowa in 1837, with her father, John McConnell, and to this township, in 1841. Mrs. Dennis is a lady beloved and respected by- all who know her, useful in church and society, and a model wife and mother in her own family. Seven children were the fruits of this union, four of whom are living; Mrs. Mary Howe, of Janesville, Iowa, her hus- band. Rev. Chas. Howe, being a Presbyterian minister; Mrs. Josie Rem- ley, whose husband is a lawyer in Iowa City; Mr. E.J. Dennis of Tiffin, and Miss Lottie Dennis, who is still at home. Their family includes also, an adopted daughter, Miss Nellie Slocum, a niece of Mrs Bryan Dennis, whose mother died in 1865, leaving her orphan daughter of five years to Mr. and Mrs. Dennis, who have most faithfully fulfilled their promises to the dying mother to care for the little motherless one as their own. This lovely christian home is also still lighted Dy the presence (1882) of Mr. Dennis' aged mother, Mrs. McConnell, who is at once mother and step-mother ,'and mother-in-law and grandmother in the same family circle; for mother McConnell was step-mother to Agnes McConnell before she became Mrs. Bryan Dennis. 40 630 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. CHAPTER X.— PART 4. Beginnings of " Big Bottom," by Nicholas Zeller. — Being the Early Settlement of what is now Madison and Penn Townships. BEGINNINGS OF " BIG BOTTOM." In 1870 Mr. Nicholas Zeller wrote for the "Annals of Iowa," a brief history of the earl}' days of the " Big Bottom," or " Big Bend," or " North Bend " settlement, as it was variously called, and which ultimately devel- oped into Madison and Penn townships. Mr. Zeller was one of the most careful and reliable of the pioneer history writers, and we here by per- mission give his sketch entire; but the reader should bear in mind all the time that it was written in 1870, and not in 1882, so that some things men- tioned are not now just as they were when Mr. Zeller wrote: John Gay- lor and Alonzo C. Denison were the first men who made claims with the intention of settling in what is now known as Penn and Madison town- ships, Johnson county. Both were from Bureau county, Ills. Gaylor arrived late in the summer of 1838, with his family, and made his claim where the farm of John Wilson now is, who bought Gaylor's claim and entered the first land in the settlement. Alonzo C. Denison in a few weeks followed Gaylor, and made his claim near by and returned to Illinois, and the following spring returned with his family and brothers, Joseph and George Denison, who all made their claims on the edge of the prairie and timber. Gaylor erected a cabin about twelve feet square in the timber to winter in the first winter, where was born the first white child in the settlement, no white settlers being nearer than Iowa City, ten miles distant. Medical assistance was had from the neighboring squaws. Gordon A. Denison, then about three months old, was the first white child brought to the settlement. This was in the spring of 1839. Gaylor was an athletic man, about six feet two inches in height, kind and afiectionate, but able and willing to defend himself in any emergency, and is supposed to be still living in Illinois. The three Denisons are still residents of the county, and two of them have seen their second generation. Joseph still resides on the claim he first made, and is now the oldest "settler" in the vicinity. These were soon followed by other, and in June, 1840, the following persons were resi- dents bv claim law, as the land had not been surveyed, viz.: David Wray, Carson B. Wray, George Wein, John W. Alt, Jacob H. Alt, Joseph A. Alt, Adam Alt, Jackson Purdoo, Ira Purdoo, Evan DoUarhide, Rev. Israel Clark, Martin Harless, Robert Waterson, John Asian, Hugh Napier, David Crozier, Gilbert and Frank Herington, and James Cham- berlain. About this time emigration commenced again to travel toward the setting sun. William Dupont was the first white man who moved through the settle- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 631 ment, "westward bound." These pioneer families were all "metal of the true ring," and began to think of founding a school; and in 1841 Benjamin Horner taught the first school in a cabin erected by David Crozier, and vacated by him. It took tire and burned down during school time; but not discouraged, in 1813 a pretty good and respectable log house was built, where North Liberty is now located. In 1849 the house was remodeled and improved; in 1860 a new frame house was erected, and the school graded. The iirst graded school was taught by Miss Martha J. Bowman. The house built in 1843 answered for school and all public business, and religious worship. Elder Lineback preached the first sermon in the settlement in the shade of the grove where the first claim was made by Gaylor, John Horner and Israel Clark. The next, A. C. Denison, was the first man to erect the "family altar" in the settlement; now whose families number several scores. The settlement increased rapidly, and when the township was organ- ized, on motion of Francis Bowman, it was named Pe7in tozvns/u'p, in honor of the renowned William Penn, which was since, under the county judgeship of Hon. Geo. W. McCleary, divided into Penn and Madison townships. NAMES OF STREAMS. There are four small streams entirely within the " big bottom," as it was originally called, now known as North Bend: 1st, Purdoo creek, Jackson and Ira Purdoo settling near the mouth of said creek. One of the Purdoos exploring the creek to its head saw a cabin near the source, to which he went, and as he was a stranger and somewhat jocular, enquired of the lady of the cabin where Purdoo river was. The lady could think of no such river, and the stranger (Purdoo) got no informa- tion of Purdoo river. Afterward the joke was discovered, and the creek was called Purdoo creek. This was the original name, and should now characterize the little stream. Afterward it bore several names, viz.: Buflalo, DoUarhide, and Dirty Face creek. The name Dirty Face origi- nated thus: In those early days citizens did not always settle disputes by feeing lawyers, and passing through the routine of law, but sometimes settled them with the stout arm of their own law, without lawyers or jus- tice's court. A settlement or suit of this kind came oft in Iowa City, then a small village, between the-before-named Harless and one Ashn. Both parties being in town, and it being a very dry time, the streets were sev- eral inches deep with dust (street sprinklers being then unknown in Iowa). The trial took place in the street, without lawyers or justice, and who- ever was willing pitched in, and before it was over some half dozen were at it. Both sides claimed the victory, and it was unsettled, both parties coming out of the battle with \\\€\x faces covered with dust (and, of course, no credit) so as to be hardly recognizable. Harless, to give vent to his 632 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. feelings and outflank Aslin, called the creek " Dirty Face," as it was then called Dollarhide creek. Spring run was so named twenty years ago by the writer, from its being less liable to freeze than ordinary streams emptying into Purdoo creek. Spring creek was so named for similar reasons as Sprmg run, and its neighborhood was first settled by Adolph Roberts. Dry run, so named from its liability to rise very high during a thaw in winter, freeze over, and the water leave the ice sometimes ten or twelve feet, was first settled upon by O. G. Babcock and Henry S. Gould. NAME OF SETTI>EMENT. Big Bottom was the name known to frontier men before settlement; after settlement it named itself the Bend or North Bend., the Iowa river bearing nearly due north, and then nearly due west, making the name — North Bend of the Iowa River. A scarcity of mills for grinding was among the privations to endure bv those pioneer families. Before any mills were in the county, not an unusual mode of grindmg corn was by a grate made of a piece of tin eight by ten or twelve inches, punched full of holes, and nailed, with the rough side up, on a piece of hewed wood, and raised in the middle by sticking a cob under it. The corn was boiled, then half dried, and it would grate easily. One of these primitive grates or mills is still in exist- ence, and ought to be preserved. The Switzer mills, near Iowa City, the first in the county, afforded some relief. Next, Mr. Chaney commenced building a mill near the mouth of Purdoo creek, the burrs of which he manufactured out of our prairie boulders. This was some help, but in low water Mr. Chaney had to sometimes help the water-wheel to start, and if it ceased to move help was applied, and it would grind and bolt some. At present the -nearest mill on the Iowa River claims over two hundred horse-power, and there is another of considerable capacity, and a number ot steam flouring mills, and the Iowa river water-power is still not yet half improved. Imagination may well be stretched to measure the next thirty years by the past thirty, or by looking at the little corn grate and then at our present merchant mills. It would be worth a little boat-ride on the Iowa river to the millers of the present day, to see the little corn grate of 1839 and 1840. ANECDOTES. In those early days Mr. Geo. Wein procured a Durham bull calf from Ohio, which grew to be a gigantic animal, and was known by the name of Santa Anna, not being handled much, and wild. Israel Clark became the owner of him, and his son Daniel, a young man in the prime of life, undertook to bring him home from the prairies, he being on foot with a bridle in his hand. The bull refused to be driven and he could not drive him, so he concluded to mount him and drive him with the bridle. He HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 633 succeeded in mounting him; the bull bellowing and making all manner of lunges, finally threw him, the bull being the worst worried; and Clark, an exceedingly active and light man, sprang upon his back again, bridle in hand, and this time succeeded in conquering him, and rode him home. Afterward it was said he could ride a buftalo home if he desired, but I think he never succeeded. While one of those pioneer men was building his cabin, a number of Indians were encamped on the river. A hearty young Indian came up and addressed himself as politely as he knew how, and desired to siva^ squaivs. The man, somewhat amused, enquired of him where his squaw was. He said she had gone up the river. He was then told, no swap. TRAITS OF CHARACTER. Notwithstanding the errors which have characterized some of the set- tlers, as is common since the days of Adam and Eve, three things have been foremost among the virtues of the people of this section, viz: 1st, The fear of God. 2d, Industry. 3d, Education. These three are com- mon to the State. This "Big Bottom" now [1870] contains about a dozen school-houses and four meeting-houses or churches. CHAPTER XL— PART 1. HISTORY OF IOWA CITY. FACTS, INCIDENTS AND SKETCHES OF THE CITy's EARLY DAYS. The history of Iowa City is so intimately connected with the early his- tory of Iowa territory, and also with the early settlement of the county, that it has to a large extent been already given in the state history part of this volume, and in the several chapters on different parts of the county history. There is not a chapter of the latter but what involves more or less of the city's history also. Hence there is left for this chapter only a few more especially local matters not presented elsewhere. Iowa City was located in May, 1839, by the Stale Capital Commis- sioners. It was surveyed and laid out in June, July and August of that year, under the direction of Chauncey Swan, one of the commissioners. The first lots were sold August 20th, and the first one bid off was to John Trout, for the sum of $100, It was near where the Presbyterian Church now stands. The city lies in forty-two degrees north latitude, ver}'^ nearly on the same line with the cities of Cleveland, Ohio, Albany, N. Y., and Boston, Mass. Its longitude is 91^ degrees west from Washington. No other large city on the same line north and south. Iowa City township now comprises only the territory within the city limits, as ordered by the county board on January 15, 1873. It is divided 634 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. into two precincts for state elections — north and south — Iowa Avenue forming the separation line; but it is divided into five wards, for city elec- tions and other municipal corporation business. [See history of Lucas township.] February 4, 1878, in response to certain petitions, the county board ordered : That the township of Iowa City be, and the same is hereby divided into two precincts for election purposes by a line commencing in the centre of Iowa Avenue at the western boundary line of said Iowa City township, and running thence east along the center of said avenue to the eastern boundary line of Iowa City township; that all that part of said township lying north of said dividing line, shall be called the north precinct of Iowa City township; that all that part of said township lying south of said dividing line shall be called the south precinct of Iowa City township. September 7, 1878, the following was among the proceedings: For the election in the north and south precints of Iowa City township the board appointed, as provided in section 606, code, the judges for the precincts, to-wit: South precinct, J. Norwood Clark, H. W. Fyfle and Michael Fitzsimmons. For the north precinct, E. O. Swain, D. S. Barber and J. W. Houza. CHANGE IN THE BOUNDARY OF IOWA CITY TOWNSHIP. April 7, 1879, it was by the county board — Resolved^ That the boundary lines of Iowa City township be and the same are hereby changed and extended so as to include that part of Lucas township recently annexed to Iowa City, and to the independent school district of said city and township, to-wit: Beginning at a point on the left bank of the Iowa river at the southwest corner of lot three, of sec- tion fifteen, thence east to the southeast corner of the northwest quarter of section fourteen, thence north to the northeast corner of the west half of the southwest quarter of section two; thence west to the northwest corner of the east half of the southeast quarter of section three; thence south to the north line of section ten, all in township seventy-nine north, range six west of the fifth P. M., and the said annexed territory, together with the original territory of Iowa City township, shall from and after this date constitute Iowa City township for all purposes of township organiza- tion. Resolution prevailed. Mr. L. A. Allen, present township clerk (1882) furnishes the following report: Iowa City township was organized in 1840. There were then two townships in the count}^, Iowa City and Big Grove. The first board of trustees were David Griffith, J. W. Lee and J. K. Beranck. First clerk, Geo. L. Taylor. The first election was held at James McCollister's place, in 1838. The first school house was built by Jesse Berry, in 1840, adjoining the site now occupied by Seydel's grocery, corner of College and Clinton streets. The first cemetery was a part of out-lot number ten, which now forms part of the Oakland Cemetery grounds. The equalized value of real HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 635 estate in the township in 1881 was $1,177,890; the personalty, $42(),223; the whole amount of property taxed, $1,598,113. The present township trustees (1882) are J. Norwood Clark, Joseph Pisha and F. W. Rabenan. Clerk, L. A. Allen.] See history of Lucas township.] LAYING OFF THE COUNTY SEAT. November 9th, 1840, it was — Ordered by the board, that the northwest quarter of section No. fifteen be laid out in blocks and out-lots, as follows: Twent^'^-four blocks to be surveyed ofl' the north at present, — -each block to be three hundred and twenty feet square, including alleys. The north and south streets to correspond with the streets which run north and south in Iowa Cit}', and the streets running east and west to be eighty feet wide, each block to be sub-divided into eight lots each, and alley to be twenty feet wide, under the superintendence of Philip Clark, one of said commissioners. November 21, 1810, Philip Clark reported to the board that he had per- formed the duty assigned him, and had agreed to pay for services of assistants an aggregate sum of $74.37. INCORPORATION OF IOWA CITY. On January 24, 1853, an act was approved and took effect, "To Incor- porate Iowa City." Some passages of this act have a permanent historic interest, and we quote: "That the town of Iowa City, situated in section ten and the north-west quarter of section fifteen, in township seventy-nine north, of range six west, in Johnson county, is hereby declared to be a city by the name of Iowa City. "Sec 2. The said city is made a body corporate, and is invested with all the powers and attributes of a municipal corporation. "Sec 3. The legislative authority of the city is vested in a city council, consisting of a mayor, and board of aldermen, composed ot three from each ward in the city. "Sec 4. The said city shall be divided into three wards, as follows, to-wit: That the portion lying south of Burlington street shall constitute the first ward; that portion lying north of Burlington street and south of Jefferson street shall constitute the second ward; and all that portion lying north of Jefferson street shall constitute the third ward ; Provided, That the said city council may change, unite or divide the said wards, or»any of them, whenever they shall think it for the interest of the city." Section 29 shows that the liquor trafic was a tribulation even at that early period in our State history, for it provided that "When the laws of the State permit or refuse licenses for the sale of intoxicating liquors, that the matter shall be within the exclusive authority of said council, and it may at all times prohibit the retail of such IJquors, unless such prohibition would be inconsistent with the laws of the State at the time existing; and the said council is authorized to revoke or suspend any of the above licenses, when it deems that the good order and w^elfare of the city require it." January IS, 1855, an act was passed to amend our city charter. This amendment provided that all property of the city corporation should be 636 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. exempt from state and county taxes; that Iowa City should constitute one road district; authorized the city to tax dogs; to borrow money, by vote of the people, ttc. But the most important part of this amendment was in regard to extending the city boundaries, as follows: Section 5. That the boundaries of said city shall be extended so as to include the following described premises, to wit: Beginning at the southwest corner of out-lot number twenty-five, as designated on the recorded plat of said city, running thence south along the east side of Gilbert street, as designated on the recorded plat of Lyons' first addition to Iowa City, to where said street intersects the Mississippi and Missouri Railroad depot, thence westerly along the north side of said depot to Maiden Lane as designated on said plat of said Lyons' addition, thence north along the west side of said Maiden Lane, to the south side of out- lot number twenty-four of Iowa City, thence east along the south side of said lot to the place of beginning; and the said described pemises is hereby added to, and included within the corporate limits of Iowa City, and made subject to the jurisdiction of the cit}^ authorities thereof in like man- ner, and to all intents end purposes as though the same had been included within the corporate limits of said city, at the time of the incorporation thereof, the said addition to said city shall constitute a part of the first ward thereof until changed by the City Council." July 16, 1856, the city charter was again amended, and more territory taken into the corporate limits, thus: "That all that district of country hereafter described, be andthesameis declared to be added to and included within the corporate limits of Iowa City, in the county of Johnson, to wit: Being bounded on the north and west by the present corporative limits of said city, and on the east and south in a line commencing at the southeast corner of lot No. 28, as desig- nated on the original plat of Iowa City; thence south to the Wyoming road as shown on the new map of said city compiled and drawn by J. H. Miller in 1854, thence west to the southeast corner of that part of said city laid out and recorded as the county seat of Johnson county." a. d. stephens' addition to iowa city. April 15, 1846. Ethiel C. Lyon, the owner of all the interests in and to the town lots, or out-lots, known as "Andrew D. Stephens' addition to Iowa City," this day presented his petition praying for the vacation of said town plot. To whicfi John D. Abel, at the same time (being an owner of one of the lots), objects, and the objections being afterwards withdrawn, it is therefore Ordered, That all of said town plot be, and the same is hereby vacated, except all that part of the south end of Van Buren street which lies between lots No. 21 and 22, and the south half of the west end of South street, as far east as the centre of Van Buren street, and all of Shoup street which lies on the west side of said tow n plot. IOWA CITY IN 1840. Major Newhall's "Sketches of Iowa," published in 1841, contains a sketch of Iowa City which is worth preserving. It shows what were the known facts of the situation at that time, and the ideas and hopes of the great future of the city and the State then cherished by the most intelli- gent people. Newhall says: I HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 637 The unprecedented growth of Iowa City, from a wilderness frontier, beyond the pale of civilization, is indeed a wonder in the growth of towns. When the reader reflects that on the 1st day of May, 1839, this spot was the hunting-ground of the savage, where now refinement and even ele- gance have made their visible impress, the capitol rearing its massy walls above the forest, and brick stores and spacious hotels erecting where the council fires have scarcely ceased to burn; surely his mind must be rapt in astonishment in contemplating its rapid growth. On the 4th of May, 1839, the commissioners appointed by the legisla- tive assembly selected the site of the new city, to be the future and per- manent capital of Iowa. The spot selected is near the geographical cen- tre of Johnson county, and occupied a convenient and central position in the terrritory of Iowa. It is situated about thirty-three miles west northwest from Bloomington, sixty-five miles west from Parkhurst on the Mississippi, about twenty miles east of the Indian boundary, eighty east of the mouth of the Raccoon fork of the Des Moines, ninety south from the neutral grounds of the Sacs and Foxes, eighty-three north of the Missouri line, eighty-six miles from Dubuque, and seventy-five from Burlington. The principal requistes required by the commissioners in locating the permanent capital of Iowa were health, beauty of location, good water, and convenience to timber and stone suitable for building; all of which they found combined, in an eminent degree, at the same spot, and cen- trally situated in the midst of a region of country which, for natural beauty and fertility of soil, may safely challenge a comparison with the world. The banks of the Iowa, which, in many places, are cut up by ravines and sloughs, are, from about three miles below this point to its sources, high and dry, abounding with rock, with a beautitul undulating country, with springs of pure crystal water, skirting both its shores, and exhibiting every appearance of health. The river opposite the town is about eighty yards in width, a clear, limpid stream, with sand and gravel bottom, and of sufficient depth of water for keel or flat boats at its lowest stage, being never less than twenty inches. Both banks of the Iowa, commencing at the upper part of the town site, and continuing five or six miles above, are stored with inexhaustible quarries of stone. "Big Grove," which is situated between the Iowa and Cedar rivers, has been pronounced to be one of the largest and best bodies of timber in the territory, being about twenty miles in length, with an average width of six or seven miles. In short, it would have been difficult for the com- missioners to have selected a more favored spot, where building materials of the best quality are to be had in greater abundance. The site of the location is one of unrivalled beauty. The most vivid imagination can scarcely picture to itself so captivating a spot, situated in the midst of all that wild rural scenery which can tend to embellish and render it desirable. The river first approaches the town from the north- west, through rocky banks of moderate height, covered with a thick grove of stately trees, and then turns to the south, and flows off between unequal banks scattered over with venerable oaks; opposite the city, on the west side of the river, the banks are abrupt and bold, and rising from the water's edge, about fifty feet above its surface, to the level of a smooth prairie, which approaches the river at this place, and then sweeps ofl westward in beautiful undulations of hill and dale. The preceding remarks are the substance of a well written article that 638 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. appeared in one of the Burlington newspapers soon after the location of "Iowa City" was made, and although to those unacquainted with the character of our scenery it may appear fanciful, nevertheless the delinea- tions are drawn with the lideHty of truth. The concluding remarks are from random sketches that ihe writer noted down in a little diary written upon my first visit to Iowa City in June, 1840. Since that period I have been informed that its prosperity continues unabated. To give the reader a faint outline of the unparalleled progress of this young city, I will state that about the first of May, 1839, Mr. Swan, the acting commissioner selected this spot, then in a state of nature, surrounded by sayages, Powe- shiek's band of Sacs being two or three miles below, (at what is now Napoleon.) And even as late as June following, the sojourner was com- pelled to sleep in his blanket for nearly two weeks. On the first day of July, 1839, the survey of the city was commenced under the direction of the board of commissioners, and the taste displayed and the liberality evinced in the size of lots, width of streets, public squares, school and church reserves, reflects the highest credit upon the enHghtened judg- ment of the commissioners. The design of the capitol is a chaste specimen of the Grecian and Doric architecture, with horizontal cornice and entabulature, surmounted by a dome supported by twenty-two Corinthian columns. It is 120 feet in length by sixty wide, two stories high from the basement. It is built upon Capitol street which runs upon the ridge, or third elevation from the river, and fronting Iowa avenue, which is the same width of the capi- tol, (120 feet), presenting a captivating and imposing appearance. The site of the capitol can be seen from every part of the city. The first grade or plateau from the river is devoted to a public promenade, being an average of 100 yards in width, and half a mile in length, bordering on the river. The second elevation is about twelve feet above the first. The third elevation about thirty feet above the promenade. A grade of fifteen degrees is contemplated, making about fifty feet from the bed of the river to the site of the capitol. On Ralston's creek, about half a mile from the capitol, there have been discovered three springs, within. a diameter of twenty feet, each possessing different properties — one of chalybeat, one of sulphur, the third very cold lime rock. The waters of the two first are said to be powerful cathartics. The celebrated "bird's- eye" marble was first discovered upon this creek, of a softer texture and more delicate whiteness than that found in the quarries. Up to the present time, IS-IO, being about fourteen months from the commencement of Iowa City, it contains a population of about 700 inhabi- tants, a spacious city hotel, three or four brick buildings, and several others in progress, ten dry goods, grocery and provision stores, one drug store, one saddlery, two blacksmiths, one gunsmith, three or four coffee houses, four lawyers, three physicians, one church, and one primary school; in short, presenting all the appearance, bustle and activity of a citv of 3'ears, rather than a prodigy of months. Should the skeptical feel inclined to question the accuracy of this state- ment, I can assure them it has been the result of personal inspection. I counted, even in the middle of last May, rising of 100 buildings, and saw and heard the busy workmen engaged on as many more. At that time, conversing with a gentleman from Pennsylvania, who came to the "city" the week preceding, and had a frame house covered, and his goods in it; he said to me, "five days ago my house was in the woods, growing." HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 639 I have heard of cities springinor into existence as if by magic, but in no case have I ever known the application so just as when applied to this young capital of Iowa. When the mind refers back, as it were, but to a single leaf in the calender of time, reviewing the recent past, and contem- plating the ominious present, rife with the coming developments of the future, how exalted must be its conceptions of the destiny that awaits us, if our institutions are formed on the broad basis of public morals, religion, and virtue! Then are our liberties secure, and our prosperity certain. IOWA CITY POETRY. On January 1st, 1 842, the Iowa Capital Reporter, issued a "Carrier's New Year Address," comprising 158 lines of octometer verse. For a period of perhaps twenty years it was almost a universal custom in news- paper printing offices all over the country to issue such an address to the patrons of the paper. The rhymes were supposed to be addressed by the boy who carried the papers around every week to the houses of its sub- scribers in town, and this bo}^ was known as the "printer's devil." The address was usually printed in such a way on a sheet by itself as to con- stitute a sample or specimen of the neat and tasteful quality of job print- ing which could be done at that office ; and rival offices vied with each other to see which should put forth the finest New Year Address. The carrier boy or "devil" peddled these around town, and received for a copy whatever any one chose to give him, whether it were ten cents, a quarter, or half dollar. This w^as his perquisite, or rather "reward of merit" for faithfully delivering the paper in rain or shine, storm, snow, sleet, mud, wind, cold, heat, and if he had made himself something of a popular favorite, he would be liberally patronized on his New Year rhymes. The writers of these annual strophes had a large latitude of privilege, in sub- ject matter, but were expected to make at least some part of the address of a character local to the town where it was issued. This first Iowa City address rambled all over creation and part of Texas, in its lofty soar- ings on the wings of Pegassus; but we can only cite such passages as touched Iowa City or Johnson county. It was batter than the average of such productions, but the author of it is unknown. Where once the forest threw its shade, On the hill-side and verdant glade; Where once the Indian riders lay Protected from the noon-tide ray, Under the oak trees' covering strown. The pale-face nation then unknown. Stands now a city, which "they say" Will rival all in Iowa. And wherefore not? If time by-gone Foretells what fast is hurrying on. Then ev'ry prophet-eye may see Our city's great prosperity. Look where yon massive structure rears Its head — the work of two brief years; Look where our smiling mansions stand, 640 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Rising as if from fairy-land; Look on our stalwart men around — Hear anvils ring — hear axes sound! Hark! how mechanics' arts are plied, And labor's voice is echoing wide: Here too hath learning's blessings come, And star-gemm'd science found a home. Along the mighty river's side Fast flowing roars the human tide; And panting 'gainst the giant stream Rushes the tire-steed of steam. Our thronging wharfs are crowded o'er And noisy bustle wakes each shore; And hurrying on from day to day, Thus speeds the year in Iowa: Therefore shall not our bosoms thrill Deeper, higher, holier still. And could we wish to cast our view To pierce the future's mantle through; Would we not see this prospect blest Wide-stretching to the far-off West? Would we not see each rich champaign Made golden with the yellow grain? Would we not see the living tide Fast flowing to Missouri's side? And may not fancy's list'ning ear Far to the eastward plainly hear, The trampling crowds that onward come To make our glorious land their home? Aye, every hope our hearts can swell. Aye, every tale our thoughts can tell. Will stern reality excel." In the course of the poem the word "Ke-ish-shaw-qua" is given as the Indian name for the Des Moines river; and the town of Keosauquain Van Buren county took its name from this Indian word. IOWA CITY IN 1844. A little paper called The Colporteur was started in November, 1844, and in its first number Iowa City was thus described for the benefit of its eastern readers: "This great city of the west, which was located May 4, 1839, contains between one and two thousand inhabitants; and of citizens too, for intelli- gence, morality, and urbanity of manners, are not a whit inferior to any of the cities of the Atlantic States. In this city, we have five meeting houses, and seven churches, a court house and State House, the latter of which cost not less probably than one hundred and ten thousand dollars. There is also a valuable and extensive territorial library of several thousand vol- umes. The capital is located on the Iowa river, a healthy navigable stream, and is thirty-three miles west of Bloomington, a beautiful village on the Mississippi. There is a good flouring mill within two and a half miles of the city, and another being erected within one and a half mile of the city. There are also in the city three mineral springs, which ultimately may be HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 641 considered of importance. We have three hotels, seven dry good stores, two apothecary shops and three groceries. In but few of our cities in the "great west," are so many advantages combined as here. Not even New England can surpass it for healthiness of location. Emigration is rapidly advancing and is already extended one hundred miles west of us." FIRST CITY DIRECTORY PUBLISHED. We are are indebted to ex-Gov. Kirkwood for a copy of the first city directory of Iowa City. It was published in 1857, by John Kennedy. Mr. Kennedy's preface says: "In many instances persons would refuse to give their given names, or the business they were engaged in, thus leaving blanks that we cannot fill. Others could not comprehend the intention of a directory, nor would they believe the utility and service it might be to the city generally. The history is not, perhaps, so full as might have been desired, from the fact that but few statistics are a matter of record . I am under many obligations to my friend. Col. T7-ozvbridge, for much valuable information concerning the early history of the city. I have no apologies to offer, having done the best I could under the circumstances I leave the book to speak lor itself. John Kennedy. The following is given as a list of all the streets then marked on the city plat. Streets Running East and West. — Brown, Raynolds, Church, Fairchild, Davenport, Bloomington, Market, Jefferson, Iowa Avenue, Washington, Court, Harrison, Prentiss, Des Moines, Lafayette, Benton. Running North and South. — Front (or River street), Madison, Capitol, Clinton, Dubuque, Linn, Gilbert, Van Buren, Johnson, Dodge, Lucas, Governor. CITY OFFICERS FOR 1856-57. On the 7th day of April, 1856, the following persons were elected to their respective offices, and duly sworn in: Mayor — John M. Carlton. Recorder — J. G. Sperry. Treasurer — J. Ricord. Marshal — Benj. King. Assessor — N. H. White. Aldermen, 1st Ward — S. Batchelor, C. Cartwright, Robt. Walker. Aldermen, 2d Ward— W. E. Miller, C. H. Berryhill, S. Windrem. Aldermen, 3d Ward — Henry Felkner, J. B. Rombaugh, D. A. Dewey. On the 3d of November, 1856, Henry Felkner resigned his seat, and Rush Clark was elected to fill the vacancy. BUSINESS houses. The following list was published in the directory as the principal busi- dess firms of Iowa City at that time, and will be read with interest by those of them, or their customers, who are still living, and by their descendants. 642 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Aliens & Mahanna, builders, cor. of Ave. and Mad. Sts. Bay, J. M., dry-^oods merchant, cor. Ave. and Clinton Sts. Barker, L. N., jeweler, cor. Clinton and Col. Sts. Burrows, Prettyman & Babcock, dry-goods merchants, cor, Clinton and Col. Sts. Buck, C H., grocer, Ave., near cor. of Dub. Barber & Nixon, dealers in furniture, Ave. east of Clinton. Brainerd, N. H., & Co., grocers, Jefferson St. Banbury, T. M., planing mill, cor. Wash, and Front Sts. Clinton House, hotel, cor. Clinton and Col. Sts. Cook, Sargent & Downey, bankers, cor. Clin, and Wash. Sts. Culbertson & Reno, bankers, Wash. St. east of Clinton. Clark House, (hotel) Jeff. St. in Clark's Block. Carson & Co., stove merchants. Wash. St. in Powell's Block. Choate & Co., stove merchants. Wash. St. bt. Dub. and Clin. Clark & Bro., Attorneys, Dub. St. next door to post office. Coldren, S., dry goods merchant, Wash. St., Powel's Block. Clark, J. N., Dub. St. near Market Hall. Custer, J., baker, Wash. St. near Tremont House. Daniels, W. B., dry goods, forwarding and commission merchant. Wash. St. near Crummey H., and at the depot. Dunlap, J. W., lumber merchant, Wash. St. near Crummey H. Davis, M. W., druggist. No. 100 Clin. St. Eastman & Wescott, druggists, Clin. St. west side. Edmonds & Ransom, lawyers, cor. Clin, and Wash. Sts. Eddy, Philander, merchant, successor to O. G. Dorwin, cor. of Clin, and Col. Sts. Frazier, William, merchant, Jeff. St., in Clark's Block. Fisk & Elliot, commission merchants, south side of depot. Freeman, P. P. grocer, Wash. St. bt. Dub. and Clin. Gower, J. H., Bro's. & Co., bankers, cor. Wash, and Clin. Sts. Gray & Westfall, artists. Hampton, G. S., land agent, office in Powel's Block, Wash. St. Henderson, Wm. H. & Sons, land agents, cor. Clin, and Col. Sts. Ham, D., gunsmith. Dub. St. near Market Hall. Holmes, L. B., marble cutter, Wash. St. east of Clinton. Hursh, Jos. & Co., Jeff. St. in Clark's Block. Hartstock & Calkin, artists, in Robinson's Block, Clinton St. Ickes, P. & Co., merchants, Clinton St. Johnson, O. K., land agent, cor. Clin, and Col. Sts. Kimball & Co., butchers, cor. Dub. and Ave. Lee, Wm, book binder. Wash. St. east of Clinton. Lee, Smith & Co., grocers, Clin. St. Levy, A, clothier, Clin. St. bt. Wash, and Ave. Love, Gordon & Co's. plow factory, near stone steam mill. Marquardt & Co., jewelers, Clin. St. (at Robin's old stand). McBride,J. R., feed store, Clin, near cor. of Jeff. Miller, Wm. E., lawyer, office Robinson Block, Clinton St. Morris & Seymour, dealers in furniture and agents for Lillies pat. iron safes, Washington St., opp. Crummey House. Murry, Malcom, land agent and Justice of Peace, Wash. St. Ohmer, Geo., saloon keeper, Clin. St. opp. Baptist church. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 643 Pettee, G. M., boot and shoe house, Wash St., w. Gower's Bank. Piatt, J. L., city auctioneer, Wash. St. bt. Dub. and Clin. Rever, A., barber, cor. Clinton and Wash. Sts. Startsman, O., jeweller, No. 4, Powel's Block, Wash. St. Smith, D., commission merchant, north side of depot. Shepard, E. & Co., hardware merchants, Powel's Block, Wash. St. Stow, Ballard & Bruff, grocers. No. 200 Clinton St. Snyder & Zumbro, lumber merchants, cor. Wash, and Linn. Sts. Sheffield & Fairall, lawyers. Wash. St. east of Clinton. Schottenfeles, M., grocer, No. 77, Clinton St. Sale, E. W., plasterer, orders left at Windrem's. Sperry, J. G., carpenter, Market St., west side of Clinton. Stilwell, A. B., merchant tailor, cor. Chnton and Avenue. Startsman, D. H., jeweler. Wash. St., west of Cul. & Reno's Bank. Smith, E. H., barber, cor. of Clinton and Jefferson Sts. Tuttle & Saunders, land agents, office Wash. bt. Dub. and Clin. Townsend & Wilde, brick makers, east of Downey's. Tyler, J., livery stable, on Dubuque St., north of post office. Templin & Scheffler, lawyers. Wash. St. Thompson & Co., commission merchants, at the depot. Tedge, C. G., oyster agent, at stage office on Avenue. Walter & Bro., eagle clothing store, on Washington St. The book was printed by A. G. Tucker & Co., corner Clinton and Washington streets, over Gower's Bank; contained forty-seven pages, and was sold at 50 cents per copy. There were 968 names given in the directory list. This Directory contained a sketch of the history of Iowa City up to that date, about January 1, 1857, and is probably as fair and reliable, to the extent that it goes, as anything within reach, hence we quote it here. CITY HISTORY. Iowa City is located on section 10, and parts of sections 9 and 15' township 79 north, range 6 west. That part south of Court street and extending to Benton street, and from Front street east to Gilbert street, was first entered for the purpose of establishing a county seat. The United States afterwards ceded to the Territory of Iowa all of section 10, for the purpose of establishing the seat of government for the Territory. This left the city plat in bad shape, which deficiency has however been supplied by the addition of E. C. Lyon, C. H. Berryhill and C. Page, and now brings it in the form of an oblong square. Johnson county was organized in 1838, and attached to the second judi- cial district. Population in 1838, 327; in 1840, 4,504; in 1857, 8,000. On the 4th day of May, 1839, Mr. Swan, the commissioner appointed by the legislature, selected the present site for Iowa City. Up to that date it lay in a state of wilderness, and was the hunting-ground of the sav- age. The camp-fires of Poweshiek's band of Sacs were the only lights that gleamed within its wild solitude. The foot of the white man never pressed its soil, or its forest depths echoed back the call of the herdsman. Enchanting was its position, possessing that purity and beauty with which it came from the hands of its Maker at the completion of the creation. On the fourth day of July following the location of the city, but one 644 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. log cabin marked *the spot that in a few years was to become the capital of a State whose progress in civilization and rapidity of growth is with- out a parallel in the history of States. The first sale of lots was the 10th of August following the location, and in September of the same year the first store was opened by C. S. Foster. Although the accommodations for emigrants were limited, and they were compelled to endure severe hardships, sleeping in their blankets beneath the trees or such shelter as nature provided; yet, by the follow- ing June, the population had increased to TOO. For a few years from this time the city increased rapidly, and seemed as if destined to outstrip in size and business the older towns in the State. But the difficulty of pro- curing building material began to be felt, and seemed to place a quietus on its prosperity. The gold mines of California for a while seemed to dazzle the imaginations of emigrants, and turn from the prairies and towns of the west the flood of emigration that had hitherto poured into them. Iowa City felt its effects, and for a time her wheels of progress were almost still. At length the overland route to the golden country opened, and the tide of travel turned again to Iowa, a large portion of it passing through Iowa City. This gave an impetus to the trade, and infused new life into the lethargic spirit that hitherto hung over it. Notwithstanding the difficulties of commercial intercourse still existed, yet, by determina- tion on the part of her citizens, they were in a measure overcome. Almost every man who had two horses and a wagon put them on the road, and engaged in hauling lumber and merchandise to the city. Although this means of commerce was extensive, and the means of transportation num- erous, still they were not sufficient to meet the increasing demands of the community. The State of Iowa was admitted into the Union, and assumed its place in the Federal government. Iowa City was the capital, and the position occupied by the State, threw upon the city a new feature of dignity and importance, and one that was felt at home and abroad. It became a star in the west, a point to which emigration seemed to direct its course, and from which it radiated and dispersed itself to the different portions of the State. Other towns may have been her superior in commerce and pop- ulation, but in name Iowa City was the prominent point in Iowa. Her importance increased so rapidly from 1850 to 18,53, that it was deemed necessary to have railroad communication. A proposition was made to connect with the Chicago and Rock Island road, which met with some opposition, as being too fast for so young a State, and stepping beyond its abilities: but this predjudice finally wore away, the company to build the road was perfected, and the work put under contract. Fifty thousand dollars was subscribed by the county, fifty thousand by private subscrip- tion; but something seemed to be wanting; the work did not progress with sufficient energy and rapidity. The road was given into the hand of iVlr. Farnham, who agreed to finish the road for the use of it for a given time." The city was informed that it would be necessary to subscribe a large amount ot stock, in order to insure its completion. An election was ordered upon the question "whether the city should subscribe fifty thous- and dollars stock, and upon the vote being taken it was carried by a large *lhe writer of this History of Johnson county accompanied, as newspaper reporter, the first railroad train that ever carried passengers in the State of Iowa. It was an excursion to attend the first sale of lots at the first railroad town in the State— Wolcott station, about twelve miles out from Davenport. This was in September, 1855, when Mr. Farnham had slaked his fortune against time, in the race for Iowa City. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. • 645 majority, and the bonds of the city to the amount of fifty thousand dollars were issued. On the first day of January, 1856, the first locomotive (the Oskaloosa) with construction train attached, arrived at the depot, and the arrival of the iron horse was hailed with joy by the numerous citizens who had assembled to witness its advent. On the 3d day of January the first train of passenger cars arrived, seven in number, with the invited guests to attend the celebration of the opening of the road. On the Monday fol- lowing the trains commenced their regular trips and have been in success- ful operation during the whole year, except when delayed by the incle- mencies of the weather. Since the opening ©f the M. & M. R. R. the city has increased about two-fold in population and in commerce. The population was then about 3,500; it is now not short of 8,000, and perhaps more. (Remember, this is from the city directory published in 1857.) THE MINERAL SPRING. Newhall's "Sketches of Iowa," published in 1841, says: "At Iowa City, upon Ralston's creek, there are three springs within a diameter of about twenty feet, all possessing different properties, viz: one of chaly- beate, one of sulphur, and the third very cold lime-rock." This spring site at one time belonged to Governor Lucas, but he did nothing to utilize it. Afterwards a man named Bastardes undertook to establish a water cure resort and erected a sort of boarding house or infirmary over what seems now to be the chalybeate and sulphur spring run together, if indeed there ever were two independent springs there. The house is now owned and occupied by Wm. Lewis and brother. The spring is enclosed with a deep circular brick wall in the cellar or basement of the house, with a wooden trough outlet or waste pipe into Ralston creek, out on Iowa avenue. Occasionally people go there and drink the water, or carry it away in jugs or bottles, and think "it js good for what ails them.'* At the waste spout there is a show of red deposit peculiar to chalybeate waters; but this spring is not strong enough in the mineral and medicinal elements to hold any rank as a health resort, and hence the efforts made to utilize it in that way have not been successful. There are probably a hundred other springs in the state that are much stronger in the various real or supposed medicinal properties than this one. A BANK LOCK EPISODE. About January 9th, 1875, the lock of the currency vault of the Iowa City National Bank got out of order w^hile closed, and as all efforts of the bank officers and experts failed to unlock it, Mr. Clark telegraphed to Mr. Charles Zschuppe, of Chicago, a German mechanic, who was skilled in the mysteries of all the patent safe locks. Mr. Z. came and for two days and nights patiently turned the dial, till at last the lock yielded and the door opened. Had the difficulty not yielded to his skitl and patience the door would have had to be taken to pieces and destroyed at a heavy expense to the owner. 41 646 ' HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY CHAPTER XI.— PART 2. Iowa City's School History — Churches— Secret Orderi — Local Societies — Bands — Clubs, etc., etc. In Chapter VI, Part 2, will be found some account of the earliest eflbrts made in Iowa City towards establishing educational institutions, such as the " Mechanics' Academy," the " St. Agatha Seminary," the State Uni- versity, etc. The following compend of waymark points in the history of the city's public schools was compiled for this work by D. W. Wood, Esq., from the official records: Jtdy 14, iS^3- — The city council organized a school district of Iowa City, and by a committee appointed by the council put into operation the citv public schools. They employed two principals and two assistants. The principal of the male department was H. W. Laihrop, at a salary of $450 per annum; the principal of the female department, ij>250, and the two assistants, $150 each. They rented the " Academy" building, (now Mercy Hospital) for a term of five years, at a rental value of $250. May 1, 1854, Samuel Spurrier was employed as principal for $400 per annum; a Miss' Christy at $200; Miss Cornelia Wilson at $155, and Miss Lydia Lanning at $150. yune 12^ 1S54-. — ^ committee from the council visited the public schools and reported a roll of forty-six scholars in Mr. Spurrier's room ; thirty- four in Miss Christy's room; thirty-two in Miss Wilson's department, and forty-three in Miss Lanning's room. 'Jamiai-y /, 1855. — The city council levied a tax of one per cent on all taxable property in Iowa City for school purposes. February 16, 1855. — The public schools were closed by order of the city council and the people requested not to hold any public meetings, on account of the small-pox having broken out in the public schools. They appointed Dr. Stone for the first ward. Dr. Sanders for the second ward, and Dr. Morse for the third ward, to vaccinate all persons needing vac- cination. September j, 1855. — Iowa City voted on the question of issuing $20,000 bonds to build school houses; 161 ballots cast, 115 for the loan and forty- six against the loan. August II, i8jj. — Iowa City council passed a resolution donating $5,000 towards erecting a building for a deaf and dumb as3'lum. yune 16, i8j6. — The city council authorized a school house to be built in each of the three wards in the city, of uniform size, and not to cost over $3,000 each. In 1857 three public school houses were built at a cost of $8,125 each. They were not all completed until 1858, and cost several thousand dollars more than the contract price. May 22, 1858. — The city council passed the following resolution: HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 647 Resolved, That though doubts have been expressed in regard to the constitutionality of the school law, yet not deeming this council the proper tribunal to decide this question, we think it our duty to acquiesce in said law, aud yield the power over the public schools of the city to the board of school directors recently chosen by the people; and the city treasurer is hereby instructed to deliver the school money in his hands to the treas- urer of the Iowa City school directors; and the school committee of the city council is hereby declared dissolved. At the spring election of 1858 the people chose a board of school direc- tors, and had some trouble in getting the city council to surrender the control of the city schools into the hands of the school board. Some claim that they did not until 1859, but the record shows differently. Public schools of Iowa City pass under the school board May 6, 1858. The first record of the school board of Iowa City has the name of N. H. Brainard, president; P. S. Van West, vice-president, and Daniel Branch, secretary. The first thing they did was to employ J. H. Goodrich as principal of the third sub-district for ten weeks, beginning May 10, 1858, at a salary of $500 per year; and passed a resolution making forty-four weeks a school year, and he was in fact the first superintendent of public schools in Iowa City. Mr. F. L. Child was employed as principal of the fourth sub-district. The board divided the Iowa City school district mto four sub-districts. May 7, i8^8. — The board passed a resolution to take measures to estab- lish a school as soon as practicable for the colored youth of the city. May 7, i8h8. — A. Hart presented his bond and it was approved as treasurer of the school board of Iowa City. We icopy the following from the records of May 7th : Voted, that A. Hart have an order from directors drawn on city treas- urer for all funds, books and other documents legally coming into the pos- session of said A. Hart as treasurer of Iowa City school district, under the present school law. May ji, i8j8. — Jesse Bo wen appeared and took his seat as sub-director of district No. 2, and j. T. Turner as sub-director of district No. 4; and there being no one chosen for sub-director of No. 3, the vacancy was filled by the board appointing J. P. Wo'od. yune 2d Meeting. — E. C. Lee appeared and took his seat as director of sub-district No. 1. On motion: ^ Resolved, That the colored children be instructed to attend the schools of their respective sub-districts until objections be urged by the white fam- ilies sending to said schools; and that the secretary be instructed to inform such colored families of this arrangement. ymie 5, i8s8. — The president read a communication from common council through the city attorney, Rush Clark, in reference to making an agreed case to be submitted to the supreme court for the settlement of the following question, viz: First, on the constitutionality of the present 648 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. school law. Second, on the applicability of this law to Iowa City, Third, the legality oi the election of this board of directors. yunc 12, i8jS. — The first school tax levied by the board was as follows : For school house funds, 2^ mills; for teachers' fund, 2 mills. Total, 4^- mills on the dollar, on all the taxable property of Iowa City. yuly J, i8^S. — They passed a resolution levying for school house fund, ^1\ mills; for teachers funds, -ly^^. Total 4^ mills on all the taxable prop- erty of Iowa City. At this session it was ordered that the principal of the High School be paid $60 per month; assistants $40 per month. The president was authorized to confer with suitable persons to take charge of the High School. September j, 1858. — Mr. Beals, of Rock Island, was elected principal of the High School at $■'^0 per month, and Eliza M. Bowen assistant in the High School. Oct. 6, i8j8. — The board authorized a copy of Webster's unabridged dictionary to be placed in each sub-district school, and a copy of the Bible be placed in the hands of each teacher. It appears that a legally elected school board did not exist until April 30, 1859, but at that meeting we find that G. W. Clark, secretary of the first school board in Iowa City, delivered up the books and papers of his office to the present board; and the board of April 30, 1859, went right along with the business of the preceding board, so we can safely say that the first school board in fact was the 1858 board. From April 9, 1862, to July 3, 1867, we can find no record of the pro- ceedings of the school board Iowa City. John G. Given was the secre- tary at the last meeting, April 9, 1862, and George S. Hampton was sec- retary at the July 3, 1867, meeting. At the first meeting in July, 1867, the board contracted for the building of the 4th ward school house. They employed J. M. Williams as superintendent, at a salary of $1,000 per year. The record of this meeting reads as follows: "The minutes of the preceding meeting was read, amended, and then approved; and the record of the preceding meeting as appears of record was April 9, 1862. There must be a record of the actjon of the city board for the five years missing, but no one that we can find seems to have any knowledge of it. Nearly every person that has any knowledge on the subject and the rec- ords reveal the tact that the Iowa City schools were not as well regulated as they could and should have been. From 1867 they appear to have been a little better regulated and more efficient. It is said that J. M. Williams was the first superintendent of the school, but the fact is, that Mr. Beals, employed as principal of the high school in September, 1858, was as much of a superintendent of the public schools as Williams. The board always exercised the control and superintended the school until about 1875, and until this year the board and the teachers did not always harmonize. If a teacher expelled a HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 649 pupil, the board would re-instate the unruly pupil, and by so doing weaken the influence of the teachers. The records all along show that the board was continually at war with the teachers, and harmony does not appear until the board surrendered the discipline of the public school to Prof. Guthrie as superintendent, with full power to regulate and control the school in the fullest sense that the office implies. A very complete system of keeping a record of the school was introduced by Prof. Guthrie. yune 12, iSyo. — -The board, on motion of M. T. Close, passed the fol- lowing resolution: Resolved, That we believe the school can be conducted the present year without a superintendent. July 15^ i8yi. — The board employed Mrs. H. S. Lane for superinten- dent, at a salary of $900 a year. yuly ^7, 1822. — Mrs. H. S. Lane was employed for one year, salary $900.' ytily 7, i8jj. — Miss Sarah F. Loughridge was elected superintendent, salary $600. yuly 7, 1874.. — S. D. Cook was employed for superintendent. July I, 187^. — Prof. A. A. Guthrie, A. M., was employed as superin- tendent, at a salary of $1,000 for the school year. yiine JO, 1S76. — Prof. A. A. Guthrie was employed as superintendent for one year, at salary of $1,200 for the school year. ytme 6, 1877. — Prof. A. A. Guthrie was employed as superintendent for the ensuing year, at a salary of $1,200 for the school year. June 1, 1878, contracted for three years at a salary of $1,500. Seft. 4, 1878. — Prof. A. A. Guthrie was elected secretary of the school board; and he has been been superintendent and secretary since, and has a contract with the board to superintend the schools to the end of the school year of 1884, at a salary of $1,500 per year. The high school has a course of study which, when completed by the pupils admits them to the freshman class of the State University. It is as follows: COURSE OF STUDY FOR 1882-83, IOWA CITY HIGH SCHOOL — STATE UNI- VERSETY PREPARATORY. NINTH GRADE. Fall Term — Classical; Latin grammar and reader; English Gram- mar; Physiology. Scientific: Physlolgy; English Grammar; Drawing. English: English Grammar; Arithmetic; Physiology. Winter Term — Classical: Latin grammar and reader; Civil Gov- ernment; Rhetoric. Scientific: Zoology; Civil Government; Rhetoric. English: Zoology; Rhetoric; Civil Government. 650 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Spring Term — Classical: Latin grammar and Caesar; Algebra; Botany. Scientific: Botany; Algebra; Rhetoric. English: Rhetoric; Algebra; Botany. TENTH GRADE. Fall Term — Classical: Latin Caesar; Algebra; Geology. Scientific: Geology; Algebra; General History. English: General History; Algebra; Geology. Winter Term — Classical: Latin Caesar; Algebra; Natural Phil- osophy. Scientific: Natural Philosophy; Algebra; General History. English: General History; Algebra; Natural Philosophy. Spring Term — Classical: Latin Caesar or Cicero; Algebra; Ameri- can Literature. Scientific: Natural Philosophy; Algebra; American Literature. English: Amerinan Literature; Algebra; Outlines of English History. ELEVENTH GRADE. Fall Term — Classical: Latin Virgil; Geometry; Elective, German, Chemistry. Scientific: Chemistry; Geometry; Political Economy. English: American Literature: Book-keeping; Elective, German, Chemistry, Geometry, Political Economy. Winter Term — Classical: Latin Virgil; Geometry; Elective, Ger- man, Elementary Astronomy. Scientific: Elementary Astronomy; Geometry; English Literature. English: Englsh Literature; Elective, Book-keeping, Astronomy, Ger- man; Geometry. Spring Term— Classical: Latin Virgil; Physical Geography; Elec- tive, German, Biology, English Literature. Scientific: Biology; Physical Geography; English Literature. EngHsh: English Literature; Elective, Physical Geography, Biology, German. OflScers of the Board of Education, 1882 and 1883: M. Cavanaugh, president; William Fry, treasurer; A. A. Guthrie, secretary and superin- tendent. Members: Chas. Lewis, M. Cavanaugh, A. C. Younkin, A. J. Her- shire (appointed to fill the unexpired term of J. P. Irish, who resigned Sept. 6, 1882), J. M. B. Letoosky, J. Walter Lee. TEACHERS IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Miss Louisa E. Hughs, A. M., Principal, instructor in Latin and mathe- matics; Geo. B. Leslie, B. S., instructor in natural and physical science; Miss Jo. V. William, B. Ph., instructor in English and literature; Miss Lou Younkin, B. Ph., instructor in German and history. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 651 First Ward School on Dubuque Street: Miss Ella Wilcox, principal; Miss C. Backensto, B room; Mrs. C. M. Sedgwick, C room; Miss Lou Lloyd, D. room. Second Ward School, on Gilbert, between Jefferson and Iowa Avenue: Miss Lou S. Foltz, principal; Miss Mollie Williams, 7th grade; Miss Car- rie Hutchinson, assistant; Miss Elizabeth Fisher, 6th grade; Miss Anna E. Paige, 5th grade; Miss Nellie Clearman, A room. Miss Fannie Pat- terson, B room; Miss Otie Plum, C room; Miss Maggie Watkins, D room; Miss Stella Bacon, assistant. Third Ward School, corner Davenport and Johnson Streets: Miss Ruth A. Irish, principal; Miss Lulu Sanders, B room; Miss Florence Hess, C room; Miss Lettie Grogan, D room; Miss Fannie Edwards, E room; Miss Anna Nedobyty, F room. Fourth Ward School, corner Dodge and Court Streets: Mrs. E. M. Copeland, principal; Miss T. Phelan, B room; Miss F. B. Shipman, C room; Miss Ida R. Sanders, D room. Reese School: Miss B.J. Nolan, teacher. The history of the public schools of Iowa City would hardly be com- plete without a brief sketch of the teachers employed. It is valuable for many reasons, the most important ones being that it gives the public an idea of who the individuals are that are educating the children of our cit}^; where they were educated, and the valuable service they have and are rendering to the public as teachers in the public schools. Many of these teachers have been identified with the public schools of Iowa City for many years, one teacher having taught tor eighteen years. The worst thing that can be said of the public schools of Iowa City is that they have poorly arranged school buildings, with miserable facilities for ventilation, and the best thing that can be said is, they have not got a poor teacher in the whole list of twenty-nine persons connected with the schools educating the youth of the city. The present board are taking measures to provide proper buildings with all the modern improvements for public school purposes. Miss Louisa E. Hughes, A. M., principal of the high school of Iowa City, Latin department. She graduated from the S. U. I. in 1878. She was born in Iowa City. She taught one term in Adair county, Iowa; two years in the grammer school of Iowa City, '74-75, '75-76; one year in Cedar Rapids high school, '78-79; two terms in Aledo Academy, Ills.; two years in Iowa City high school, '80-81, '81-82. Miss Hughes has done much to build up the high school and give it a reputation for thoroughness. She won distinction in the University for having so thoroughly mastered Latin and mathematics. As a teacher in both branches she has no superior in the state. She is painstaking, and not content with anything less than a complete mastery of the lessons by the student. All the work is kept in perfect order, and the records of the 652 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. high school are always accurate. She excels no less as a disciplinarian than as a teacher. George L. Leslie, B. S., in charge of the scientific department of the Iowa City high school, was born August 23, 1858, in Sheboygan, Wiscon- sin, of German extraction. Graduated at the high school at Princton,Ills., in the fall of 1879, and entered the State University at Champaign, Ills., and graduated from the S. U. L, June 21, 1882. He has had five years' experience in teaching in the district schools of Illinois and Iowa previous to work in the high school in Iowa City. Mr. L. is proficient in the sciences. Miss Josephine V. Williams, B. Ph., of the English department of the Iowa City high school. She graduated from the S. U. I. in 1876. She taught five years in Iowa City — two years in the high school, and three years in the grammar school. She was engrossing clerk in the legislature of Iowa in 1882. She has had a long and successful experience in the city schools. Miss Lou Younkin, teacher of literature, history and German in the En- glish department; a native of Iowa City; degree of B. Ph. taken at the U. S. I. in 1880; she has devoted much time to the study of German; she is a very fine English and German scholar, and a good teacher. Miss Ellen M. Wilcox, B. D., principal of the 1st ward school. Graduate of the Normal Department, S. U. I., in June, 1871; she has taught seven years in the public schools of Iowa City, in eighth grade and 1st ward school; she taught three years in Sioux City public school, and one term in a country school; she is a fine disciplinarian, and as a teacher is thorough and interesting; her services are highly appreciated; she has charge of a difficult school, and has brought it to a fine state of discipline; she is indis- pensable in her position. Miss Claribel Bachensto, a teacher in room B, 1st ward school, graduate of the Iowa City high school, and has taught four years in the public schools of Iowa City; three years in the second ward and one year in the 1st ward school. Miss Cynthia M. Sedgwick, a teacher in room C, of the 1st ward school ; she was born in Iowa City and educated at Mt. Pleasant; she has taught one year m room B, 1st ward, and one 3'ear and a half in room C, 1st ward, of the pubHc schools of Iowa City. Miss Louise F. Lloyd, a teacher in room D, 1st ward ; she was educated at the S. U. I., and has taught three and one-half years in the primary department; she is an earnest and faithful teacher. Miss Louise S. Foltz, principal of the 2d ward; she was educated at the high school in Galena, Illinois; she has taught four years in the high- est grammar grade of the city school; she taught very successfully in the public schools of Galena, lUinois, before coming to Iowa City; she is a teacher of superior ability and has been very successful in all her work. She is a niece of Prof. T. S. Parvin. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 653 Miss Carrie W. Hutchinson, 1st assistant in the grammar department of the 2d ward school, in the 7th and 8th grades; this is her first experience in public school work ; she graduated from the Iowa City high school in June, 1878, and from the S. U. I. in June, 1882. Miss Mollie Williams, a teacher in the grammar school, 7th grade; she graduated from the Iowa City high school; she has one year's experi- ence in the Iowa City public schools, and one year's experience in other schools. Miss Elizabeth E. Fisher, a teacher in the 2d ward school, in the 6th grade ; she was educated in Delphi, Indiana, and taught two years in the public schools of that city in the 6th grade; she has taught one year in the public schools in Iowa City; she is very popular with her scholars. Miss Annie E. Page, a teacher in the 2d ward, 5th grade; she graduated from the Normal department S. U. I. in 1871 ; she has had eight years' experience in the 2d ward, in the grammar department, six years' experi- ence in other schools of the State of Iowa, two of which were in the graded school at Vinton; she is a faithful and deserving teacher. Miss Nellie Clearman, a teacher in room A, 2d ward. She was born at Newark, Ohio, February 20, 1854. She was educated in Iowa City. She has taught one year in the 4th grade, and has taught a country school. Miss Fannie Patterson, a teacher in room B, 2d ward. She was edu- cated in the public schools of Iowa City. This is her second year's experience in the Iowa City public schools, and had some experience in the Sioux City school. She is a niece of L. B. Patterson of Iowa City. Miss Otie Plum, a teacher in room C, 2d ward, was born September 5, 1862, in Iowa City, and was educated at the high school of Iowa City. She has taught two years in the 2d grade of the primary, and one year in the district schools of Johnson county. She has been successful in her depart- ment. Miss Stella J. Bacon, a teacher in room C, 2d ward, was born October 4, 1860. She was educated at the Iowa City high school, and has had one year's experience in second grade work. Miss Margaret H. Watkins, a teacher in room D, 2d ward, was born April 12, 1860; of Welsh extraction; educated in the Iowa City high school, and the S. U. I. She has taught four years in the Iowa City public schools. 1st primary. She taught three months in Johnson county district school. She has perfect adaptation to her special work, and ranks among the best and most progressive primary teachers in the state. Miss Ruth A. Irish, a teacher in room A, 3d ward. She was educated at Iowa City high school, and in the S. U. I. Has taught six years in the Iowa City public schools, in the intermediate department, and one term of four months in Coralville, Johnson county, la. She is a very successful teacher, and makes an efficient principal. She is a neice of the Hon. John P. Irish. 654 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Miss Lulu M. Sanders, a teacher in room B, 3d ward school. She was educated at Nashville, Tenn. She has taught four years in the Iowa City school, in the intermediate department, and five terms in a country school near Iowa City. She is a very good teacher, and devoted to her school, and does all in her power to interest and instruct her pupils. Miss Florence M. Hess, a teacher in the third grade, in the 3d ward. She graduated from the Iowa City high school in June, 1878, and graduated from S. U. L, in June, 1882. The present term is her first experience in teaching school. Miss Lettie Grogan, a teacher in room D, 3d ward school. She graduated from the St. Agatha Aeadem}- of Iowa City. She has taught three years in the Iowa City primary department, also eight terms in district school. Miss Fannie A. Edwards, a teacher in room 3, 3d ward school. She was educated at the Iowa City high school. She taught seven terms in Iowa county, and two years in the Iowa City public school in the primary department. She is a teacher of rare ability. She has no difficulty in winning the love of her pupils, and always maintaining a perfect control over them. She is naturally adapted to her profession ; is one of the best teachers in the primary department. Miss Annie Nedobety, a teacher in room F, 3d ward school, was educated at the Iowa City high school. She has taught two terms in the high school in the primary department, also two years in the public school in Solon, and one in West Branch, Iowa. Mrs. E. M. Copeland, a teacher in room A, 4th ward school. She has been principal of the 4th ward school for ten years, and three years a teacher in the 2d ward. She is a successful and experienced teacher, the 4th ward school under her management has been one of the most popular in the city. Miss Tress Phelan, a teacher in room B, 4th ward. She graduated from the St. Agatha Seminary Iowa City. She has taught sixteen years in the primary department and two or three years in the country. She is a valu- able teacher, and has succeeded in winning the love of her pupils and the confidence and esteem of the patrons. Miss Fannie B. Shipman, a teacher in room C, 4th ward. She was edu- cated at the high school at West Liberty, Iowa. She has taught six years in the second primary department; and three years in Muscatine county* She is a successful teacher. Miss Ida R. Sanders, a teacher in room D, 4th ward school. She was educated at the State Normal School, Iowa City. She has taught eighteen years in the Iowa City schools in the primary department; also two terms in Lyons, Iowa. She has had longer experience in the city schools than any other teacher. . Miss B. J. Nolan, a teacher at the Reese school; a primary department. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 655 She was educated at the St. Agatha Female Seminary, of Iowa City. She has taught for several years in the Reese school, and has had some experience in the district school of the county. She is a faithful teacher. There are twenty-nine teachers employed in the public school, of Iowa City, and a superintendent. The present school term to December 21st,^ 1882, has enrolled the names of over fourteen hundred scholars. SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES. Si. Agatha's Seminary. — Situated on the corner of Jefferson and Dubu- que streets. In April, 1860, there came from Dubuque four Sisters of Charity. They moved into C. Dunkel's house back of St. Mary's Church, and commenced a school in a bulding adjoining, now occupied by Hum- phreys & Moore as a butcher-shop. After a lapse of two years. Father Emonds bought and donated to them the present site, then known as the Park House. Brick building fitted up in good style and neatly arranged. For a time the lower story was quite sufficient for them. Gradually, how- ever, their school increased, so that the second and third stories were fitted up, and, within the last few years, they put on a fourth story for chapel exercise and exhibition room. They had originally but one lot, — the adjoining half Mr. Patterson sold to Father Emonds. .This school is under the charge of the Sisters of Charity of the order of the Blessed Vir- gin Mary, Since its organization some of their forces are employed in a building next to the St. Joseph Institute as a free school; and a few teach a number of children attached to the St. Patrick Church. This is an incorporated school, and called the "Sisters School," under the name of the Saint Agatha's French Seminary. They withdrew from the St. Mary's Church, and are now under the spiritual counsel of Father Smyth of the St. Patrick Church. St. Joseph's Institute.— S\X.Vid.\.ed on the north side of Jeflerson street,, between Clinton and Dubuque streets. The people of St. Mary's Church organized this school in 1865. In the present business house of O'Hanlon & Son it was known under the name of St. Joseph school. Even previous to that time it had a nucleus in the place now occupied by A. Unrath's grocery store and F. Messner's shop. In the latter place some of the prominent men of the State and city graduated under Professor Brown- son. St. Mary's congregatiou, seeing that the place on the avenue was too small and inconvenient, ordered a committee to sell the site and buy the present premises. It was duly organized and incorporated in 1872, and confers the usual academical degrees. The school buildings and apparatuses are estimated to be worth $30,000. Iowa City Commercial College — in Market hall, corner Iowa Avenue and Dubuque street. J. T. Craig of Indianapolis, Ind., established this college in September, 1866. Prof. J. Shrock had organized the Spencer- ian Writing Academy, in September, 1865, but consolidated Oct. 2, 1866, with J. T. Craig, and the firm became Craig & Shrock. Shortly after,, ^56 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Prof. S. S. Hamill became a member of the firm. Mr. Craig retired April 24, 1867, and the firm was Hamill & Shrock. Prof. Wm. McClain bought this institution in the fall of 1867, Prof. Shrock continuing with the school. Prof. McClain established the Iowa City Academy in September, 1870, as a separate institution. Prof. F. R. Williams, a teacher from the Davenport Business College, was employed as teacher of penmanship and book-keeping in the spring of 1875, and became principal of the Commercial College. He was principal under Prof. McClain until Oct. 14, 1877, when Prof. McClain died at Des Moines. Prof. Williams remained in charge of the college for the estate until July 1, 1878, when he purchased it and became sole proprietor and principal. Prof. J. H. Williams and Prof. J. L. Teeters were admitted as partners in July, 1881. Present Board of Instructors. — F. R. Williams, Superintendent, Instructor in book-keeping, business forms, correspondence, and penman- ship. J. H. Williams, Principal of advanced book-keeping and actual business department. J. L. Teeters, Manager of telegraph department, etc. A. S. Dennis, Instructor in plain and ornamental penmanship. H. D. Rowe, LL.B., Teacher of commercial law. J. Kane, Teacher of telegraphy. Eldon Moran, (of the S. U. I. School of short-hand). Principal of short- hand department. Special lectures by J. L. Pickard, LL.D., president State University; Milton Remley, LL. B., of the Iowa City bar; Rev. F. L. Kenyon, pastor Congregational Church, Iowa City; Rev. O. Clute, pastor Unitarian Church, Iowa City. Iowa City Academy. — This Academy was founded by Prof, Wm. McClain, in 1808; he sold it to Amos «& Herman Hiatt, Jan. 1, 1878. It was located in Market Hall while under the management of Prof. McClain. After the purchase b}' the Hiatt Bros., it was removed to its present loca- tion on the corner of Clinton and Jefferson streets. Instructors, for 1882-83.— Amos Hiatt, A.M., H. H. Hiatt, A. M., B. D. — Proprietors and principals of the Academy. Prof. E. R. Williams — Instructor in penmanship and book-keeping. Miss Lou Mordoff — Instructor in German. Miss. S. F. L«oughridge — Instructor iii Latin. J. C. Armentrout — Instructor in Physiology, Anatomy and Hygiene. Mattie S. Hiatt — Assistant in Mathematics and English. George S. Bremer— Instructor in Drawing. CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC. H.J. Cozine — Musical director and teacher of harmony and piano. Ida Mae Pryce — Principal of vocal department and dramatic singing. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 65T Herr Carl H. Berger — Teacher of advanced piano and pedal organ. Mrs. W. Clara Colwell— Teacher of piano and organ. LITERARY SOCIETIES. The Zetegathian — was founded in April, 1861. It held its first annual exhibition, June 17, 1863. Charles E. Borland was president, and George Griswold, secretary. Addresses were delivered by T. S. Wright, C. M. Howe, K. O. Holmes and Charles E. Borland. Thirty-seven of its regu- lar members were in the war; two lost their lives and two were perma- nently disabled in the service of their country. The Erodelphian—v^BiS organized October 6, 1862, with forty-four members — young ladies of the University in good standing. The Hesperian — was organized in the latter part of the year 1863. Like Erodelphian, it is composed of young ladies connected with the Uni- versity. Law Literary Society. — Organized in October, 1880, with J. M. Nevin as oresident; F. R. Willis as vice-president; Charles B. Elliott as secre- tary; Fremont Benjamin as treasurer; and H. H. Artz as sergeant-at- arms. The Irving Institute— wds founded January 26, 1864. It was virtually a re-formation of the Ciceronian, which existed at an earlier date. It is provided with a hall, the counterpart of that occupied by the Zetegathian, which, through the enterprise of its members and the contributions of its friends, has been handsomely fitted up and decorated, and was formally dedicated February 9, 1866, with appropriate ceremonies. It also fur- nished its quota of members for the army. State Historical 5oc/e/j.— Organized February 7, 1857. Regular meet- ings are held on the second Saturday of each month, in the rooms of the society. Nine curators are appointed by the Governor of the State, and nine are elected. The rooms are open for visitors Wednesdays and Sat- urdays. President, J. L. Pickard; treasurer. D. W. C. Clapp; secretary, H. D. Rowe; curator and librarian, S. C. Trowbridge. CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS. As nearly as could be ascertained and arranged, the different churches are here given in the order of time or dates of their first conception each, as an organized religious body. Methodist Episcopal Church.— The first religious service held in Iowa City was in the fall of 1839 by the Methodists, at the residence of P. B. Moore, Rev. Joseph L. Kirkpatrick officiating. He formed a "Class," which ultimately developed into the present church. The field of labor was termed the "Iowa Mission," of which Iowa City constituted one appointment. The church in Iowa City was fully organized in 1840, under the pastorate of Rev. G. G. Worthington, appointed by the Rock River ^58 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Conference. The General Conference of 1844 established the Iowa Con- ference, to embrace the whole territory of Iowa, and this newly formed body held its first session in Iowa City, August 14, 1844. The main part of the church building was erected in 1842, and the wing during the year 1862. The present membership is 320. The church is a brick edifice on the corner of Jefferson and Dubuque streets, with parsonage adjoining. Rev. Dr. Emory Miller was the pastor in 188l-'82, but at the close of his pastoral year he removed to Minneapolis, Minnesota. JSfeiv School Presbyterian Church. — This congregation was organized in 1841, and built a stone church, the one lately occupied by the State His- torical Society on Burlington street. This church edifice was built by George Andrews, now living in Iowa City. Dr. W. W. Wood was the minister of the church for a few years, and was succeeded by Rev. Sam- uel Storrs Howe, who still lives in Iowa City, and claims to own the build- ing. [See sketch of Congregational Church.] Congregntional Church, — Situated on the corner of Jefferson and Clinton streets. It was built in 1868. This church has the following origin: The New School Presbyterian Church and society, constituted in 1841, met July 9, 1866, and unanimously resolved, all the elders and trustees concurring: "That we express ourselves in favor of abandoning the organization of the N. S. Presbyterian Church and society, and desire to remain together by becoming organized into a new church under the Congregational form of government." The Congregational Church of Iowa City was organized July 16, 1866, with 51 members, 34 from the N. S. Presbyterian Church, and 27 mostly from the First Congregational Church of Iowa City. The new church was reorganized by a Congregational council, July 31, 1866. Congregationalism had a foothold in this city, as early as November 26, 1856. A church of 17 members was organized on that date. The first year of its organization, 40 persons were added to its membership, and during the subsequent years of its existence 14 additions were made to its number, making a total of 71 members. Having no house of wor- ship, and many of the leading members having moved away, the enter- prise was disbanded, many of its members entering into the Presbyterian communion, and others retaining their letters from ihe old organization. That first church enjoyed the ministrations of two installed pastors and one stated supply. The first pastor was Rev. Thomas Morong, who was installed at the recognition of the church, Nov. 26, 1856, and resigned Jan. 7, 1859, after a pastorate of a little more than two years. The second pastor was Rev. J. Hutchinson, installed Dec. 20, 1859, and resigned June 16, 1860. The last minister of the first church was Rev. W. W. Allen, who commenced his labors as stated supply, Sept. 1, 1860, and continued to supply the pulpit some three years. He resigned Nov. 25, 1862, when the enterprise was given up. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 659 Rev. G. E. A. Hebard, the father and founder of this church, was elected pastor Nov. 1, 1866, for one year, and continued his labors until Feb. 7, 1869. During Mr. Hebard's pastorate, there was an accession of 90 members, 57 by letter and 23 by profession. After Mr. Hebard's departure to Oskaloosa, Rev. Rufus M. Sawyer of Middleboro, Mass., was called and continued until the spring of 1871, when he resigned, and assumed the pastorate of the Congregational Church of Anamosa. During his pastorate 21 were added to the church, 4 by profession and 17 by letter. Rev. W. E. Ijams was unanimously called to the pastorate, June 19, 1871, and commenced his labors the following September. Mr. Ijams continued his pastoral labors until January, 1874. During his pastorate 6Q were added to the membership of the church, 38 by profession and 28 by letter. From February, 1874, until the following October, Rev. Lysander Dickerman, of Quincy, 111., supplied this church. Rev. J. W. Healy, D. D., formerly of the Tabernacle Congregational Church of Chicago, commenced his labors, Aug. 15, 1875. During the year 57 were added to this communion, 22 by profession and 35 by letter. The present pastor, 1882, is Rev. F. L. Kenyon; but no statistics were, furnished this historian in regard to the present condition of the church. SL Marfs Roman Catholic Church — Was organized in 1840. It is situated on the corner of Jefferson and Lynn streets. The original mem- bers were: C. Dunkel, P. P. Freeman, J. Garber, — Cotle, C. Haverstrah McDonald, Forwald, McGinnes, Henry Basterdes, McWilliams, Brossart, Gross, Mike Freeman, Gat^hey, Williams, Staatzer, Conboy, McDuffy, P. Smith, Phil Clark, H. Rampfer, T. Cohill and S. Hotz. This con- gregation received the two lots now owned by the church from the ter- ritorial legislature of Iowa. The Rev. Father Mazuedly, of Benton, Wisconsin, was the first regular visitor. July 12th, 1841, the corner-stone of a church was laid by Bishop Lovas, of Dubuque; the present building was consecrated August 15th, 1869, by Bishop Hennessy, the corner- stone having been laid by his order in 1867. The high altar was built in Cincinnati, at a cost of $3,000, and the side altar entailed an outlay of $2,000. Fathers Godfrey, Paget, McCormick, Hannon, Sullivan, Michaiel, and Emonds have succeeded one another. The present pastor took charge of the parish in 1858. Fourteen statutes of the Christ's passion were put in the church in 1882. The entire cost of the church, over $75,000, has been raised in Iowa Cit}^ The number of present members is about 250 families. The St. Mary's Roman Catholic grave- yard is situated in the north-east part of the city, and was established in 1841. In January, 1883, a fine church organ was put in the church of 12 tons in weight, 25 feet high, width 20 feet, depth 12 feet, 42 stops, and 1,700 pipes, built by the Moline Organ Company of Moline, Ills. It is named St. Cecelia, the patron saint of church music. 660 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. First Baptist CJmrch. — On Saturday, June 28, 1844, a little band of Baptists met in Choate's school-house, and after the adoption of articles of faith, an organization was effected. The ministers present were Rev. John Champlin, Rev. W. Burton Carpenter, and the Rev. W. B. Morey. The resident membership was represented by Elder B. M. Parks, Isaiah M. Choate, Newton Sanders, Jehiel Parks, Julius Brown, Joseph N. Ball, Harrison Parks, and the following named sisters: Lucy Parks, Eliza Parks, Orvilla L. Parks, and Julia Ball. The next day was the Sabbath, and after services the first new members, F. Hardee and John Wolf, were baptized in the Iowa river. July 24, 1841, a call was extended to Rev. W. B. Morey to become the pastor of the church, and the call was accepted. He preached a quarter of the time, the services being held in the old State House. The legisla- ture donated a lot for the church in 1844. Rev. Dexter P. Smith, who had become pastor of the church in May, 1845, went east in the subse- quent year, to raise funds for the building of a church and $4067.89 were secured. A brick church building was erected in 1847 and 1848, at a cost of about $5,000. It was dedicated in November, 1848. Dedicatory sermon by the pastor. Rev. B. F. Braybrook of Davenport and Rev. Geo. J. Johnson of New York were present and assisted in the services. The names of the successive pastors were: Rev. W. B. Morey, Rev. D. P. Smith, Rev. A. Russell Beldon, Rev. G. D. Simmons, Rev. C. B. Smith, Rev. James Discon, Rev. J. T. Westover, Rev. B. F. Ashley, Rev. A. Kenyon, Rev. A. H. Stowell, Rev. H. A. Guild, Rev. Frank Adkins, Rev. E. J. Hiscock, 1875 to 1881 ; Rev. H. M. Thompson, 1881-'82. The number of members in 1882 is one hundred and fifty. Church located on Clinton street between College and Burlington streets. First Presbyterian Church. — It is situated on the corner of Clinton and Market streets. The name of Robert Hutchinson is found in the first board of trustees, and is yet on the roll of pew-holders. The committee of presbytery under whose direction the organization was accomplished, was composed of two ministers, Rev. L. G. Bell and Rev. Michael Hum- mer. Thirteen persons were enrolled as members; John McConnell was elected ruling elder; Diodate Holt, deacon; and Chauncey Swan, Joseph Schell, George P. Huey, Robert Hutchinson and Diodate Holt, trustees- Elder McConnell, a Virginian, served till his death in 1S04. Diodate Holt was the superintendent of the first Sunday School, organized in 1843, and one of the first trustees. B. P. Moore and Robert Hutchinson led the praises of those early services. Chauncey Swan, one of the com- missioners appointed to locate the capitol, selected the site of the present church edifice and donated it to the society. Previous to 1845 services were held in various places — sometimes in " Berry's School House," in " Mechanics' Academy," now Mercy Hos- pital, in " Butler's State House," east of Sanxay's corner [the building HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 661 » that was afterward the City Hotel, on Dubuque street], and in the "Coun- cil Chamber" of the Capitol, now the center building of the University. In 1844 a church building was undertaken, and in 1846, on the 7th of September, services were held in the basement. The building was of brick, 42 by 75, with portico and cupola, resembling the present Baptist Church. Its total cost was in the neighborhood of $5,000, and as so large a sum could not be raised here, they did as other churches of the early day did — sent Mr. Hummer to the east with a view of raising the necessary funds.* On the 16th of June, 1849, a new session was constituted, B. B. Hut- ton and John Brandon being elected elders; the affairs of the congrega- tion were put in better shape, the present constitution was adopted, and an efficient board of trustees was chosen — Rev. Silas Hazard, John Shoup,John Brandon, Thomas Hughes, Hugh D. Downey, Henry Mur- ray and S. H. McCrory. Mr. Hazard procured from friends in the east funds to complete the church. On the 24th of February, 1850, it was dedicated in the presence of a large congregation, Mr. Hazard preaching the sermon. His ministry lasted four years, during which time twenty-six members were added. Mr. Hazard's health becoming impaired, he moved to the neighborhood of Solon. On the 6th of March, 1853, Andrew Douglass and John Shoup became elders. After an interval of more than a year the ministry of Rev. John Crozier followed, commenc- ing May, 1853. In 1842 Mr. Crozier had united (by profession) with the Iowa City church, under the ministrations of Mr. Hummer, whom he first heard preach at the home of his childhood, in Paris, Illinois. After a short vacancv a unanimous call was extended to Rev. F. A. Shearer, of Ohio. He began his labor in January, 1854, and was form- ally installed by the Presbytery of Cedar on the 4th of September, 1854. He was born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, January 1, 1812, gradu- ated at Jefferson College, and was licensed by the Carlisle Presbytery. In the summer of 1850 the church was thoroughly repaired, at an expend- iture of near $600. The work was completed, and on the next Sabbath they expegted to occupy the church. On the lot west of the church building stood a carpenter shop in which there was a steam engine, a spark from the smoke-stack caught on the cupola, and soon the church was in ashes. With the loss of the church, the difficulties incident to the erection of a new one, and the adverse times that soon set in, the pastorate of Mr. Shearer was brought to a close by his resignation and removal. Before he left the basement of the church had been put in order for ser- vices, and he preached his farewell sermon there on the 24th of July, 1858. Rev. O. O. McLean, of Huntington, Penns3dvania, was chosen pastor at a meeting held on the 30th of April, 1859, and about one month later *See the story of ''HumHiei'sBell," in Chapter VII, Part 1. 42 662 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. he entered on his duties without bein^- formally installed. The church was SO deeply involved that the loss of their property was seriously threatened. The pastor, with Mr. Geo. W. Clark, visited the east and secured $1,000, by which, with the funds raised on the ground, the church was finally freed from debt." Enthusiastic resolutions were passed, in which Father Sanxay and Mr. J. C. Culbertson were especially thanked. During^ Mr. McLean's ministry fourteen members were added to the churcii. Isaac Struble, J. M. Smith and Elihu Baker were additional elders to John Shoup and J. P. Wood, who had been previously elected. In May, 1861, the ministry of Mr. McClain was brought to a close, and he returned to Pennsylvania. The Rev. Osmond was called as pastor in October, 1862, and remained its pastor until 1880. During his stay with this church they completed their present edifice. Rev. G. B. Folsom, D. D., is the pastor in 1882. Trinity Episcopal Church. — This church is situated on the corner of College and Gilbert streets. The parish was first organized in 1847, by the Rev. Mr. Lauterback, rector of Trinity Church, Davenport. Rev. C. C. Townsend was the minister in ]85;^. The first recorded vestry meeting was held in the summer of 1853, when the vestry consisted of Stephen Maynard, senior warden; Samuel Bacon, junior warden; C. G. Dillon, J. H. Morehead, E. Lindsley, D. S. Warren, and James Stratford. In 1850 there vvere thirty-one communicants and forty Sunday school scholars. The congregation had been holding services in the state house; but, in 1855, there were received two subscriptions of ipSOO each, raised for the erection of a church. The corner stone of the present church was laid by Bishop Lee, on Thursday, April 27, 1871, and the church was opened for worship October 1st of the same year. The rectory was built in 1878. Rev. C. Compton Burnett was the rector in 1880-81 ; succeeded by Rev. Thomas Bell in 1882. English Evangelical Lutheran Church. — The Lutheran congregation was organized in June, 1855, by Rev. H. F, Ealy, with twenty-eight mem- bers. He resigned six months afterward. A vacancy of two years ensued. In 1857 the church was reorganized as an English congregation, with twenty-four members. The Rev. D. Sprecher then became pastor, under whose ministry a lot was purchased and the present building erected, a frame, on Dubuque and Market streets. Mr. Sprecher resigned in July, 1859. The pulpit was then vacant thirteen months, when Rev. J. G. Shafier took charge (August, 1860), remaining one year. In Septem- ber, 1861, Rev. Jesse Helsel became pastor, and labored one year. A vacancy of ten years then ensued. Rev. D. P. Grosscup, was commis- sioned as missionary in November, 1872. He served until February, 1879, when the pulpit was again vacant for fourteen months. In April, 1880 Rev. J. A. M. Ziegler took charge. The congregation now number forty members. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 663 The German Lutheran Zionh Churchy was organized March 1, 1S57. The original members were: Geo. Ruppert, Geo. Victor, Jacob Barth, John Mensler, Carl Wrede, Conrad Harmel, Michael Klenkert, Michael Hornung, Michal Protz, John, George and Leonhard Trumpp, Adam Michel, Daniel Lowenstein and Peter Miller. The church building is situated on the northeast corner of Johnson and Bloomington streets; this is a brick structure, and was built in 1861, and cost $1,500. It was dedicated by Rev. Dorcher of Iowa City, and Rev. Weineke of Rock Island, 111. In 1875 the steeple was erected and other improvements made. The fol- lowing have been its pastors: Rev. Jas. Ritter, Rev. Doercher, Rev. Wehrs, Rev. Vogt, Rev. J. Hoerlein, Rev. C. Ide and Rev. O. Hartman, the present pastor. The membership is 400. The congregation has its own parsonage, next house east of the church. Present trustees: Solo- mon Grim, John Schwarz and Albert Hemmer. Present elders, H. W. Boerner, Alb. Drews and G. Otte. There is a Sunday school connected with the church, in which the German language is used; also a German- English day school. Average number of scholars, thirty-five. [These statistics were furnished in September, 1882.] German Methodist Church.- — Corner of Gilbert and Jefferson streets; Rev. E. C. Margaret, pastor; G. W. Marquardt, superintendent of the Sunday school. [No statistics furnished.] Christian Chapel. — This congregation was organized in this city March 28, 1863, with eighty-four members. The name of Kimball Porter heads the list; Samuel Lowe was the first pastor. He remained a few months, when his brother Joseph succeeded him, and remained about two years. In June, 1865, John C. Hays was called to the pastorate, and remained until June, 1869; Jesse H. Berry came September, 1869, and remained nine months; J. Madison Williams began his ministry in September, 1870; was a graduate of the University, and afterwards superintendent of the city schools; Dr. S. E. Pearse came September, 1872, and remained two years. The church was without a pastor until September, 1875; Rev. O. P. Miller is the pastor in 1882. This was the first church edifice erected in Iowa City, and stands on Iowa avenue, south of the city park. St. Patrick'' s Roman Catholic Church is situated on the corner of Court and Linn streets. It was organized in 1873, and held its first service in a frame building, Father M. V. Rice being the first priest. It is called the Catholic Irish Church, the St. Mary's being the German Catholic Church; but there are both Irish and German members of both churches. The Con- gregation of Irish Catholics was established as a separate church organiza- tion by the Right Rev. John Hennessy, of Dubuque, Iowa, at the solicitation of a number of the members of the St. Mary Roman Catholic Church of Iowa City. The present church building is a fine brick structure, built in 18Y7, at a cost of $18,000. It has not yet [1883J been dedicated. Father Rice was succeeded by the present priest. Father Patrick Smythe. 664 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. the present membership is about 200 families, or 1,100 souls. The Sunday school of this church was organized at the same time of organiz- ing the church congregation. The parochial school connected with this church, is taught by the Sisters of Charity, of the order of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The girls at the St. Agatha Seminary, and the boys at the St. Patrick's Church, are all under the pastoral charge and supervision of Father Smythe, The average attendance of boys at the church school is about 60, taught by two sisters. At the St. Agatha Seminary, the average attendance is about 90 girls. This only includes the children of the school and not boarders at the Seminary. Unitarian Church. — January 20th, 1881, Prof. C. A. Eggert, Hon. John P. Irish and Rev. O. Clute were appointed a committee on organization. At adjourned meetings on January 30th, February 6th, and February 19th, 1881, the organization was perfected by the election of officers, and appointment of committees, as follows: Minister, Rev. Oscar Clute; Trustees, M. Cavanagh, president; J. E. Taylor, secretary; Prof. W. C.Preston, Frank A. Fletcher, F.J. Horak, A. E. Garretson, L. Rundell, clerk. Prof. C. A. Eggert; John G, Given, treasurer. Committee on Benevolent Action: Horace Kimball, C. A. Eggert, Mrs. Lydia Kimball, Mrs. Fanny L. Fracker, O. Clute. Committee on the Young: (This committee is made up of the officers and teachers of the Sunday school.) W. J. Taft, superintendent; Miss Stella Bacon, secretary; Mrs. Jane Clark, Mrs. A. Olive Furbish, Mrs. Georgia Closson, Mrs. Geo. N. Pratt, Mrs. A.Webb, O. Clute. Committee on Music: Mrs. John P. Irish, Miss Jessie Andrews, Mrs. A. Burr. The trustees of the Universalist Church contributed to the new move- ment the use of their church property, corner of Iowa Avenue and CHnton streets. [No statistics furnished.] Methodist E-piscopal African Church of Iowa City, is a frame building situated on the south half of lot 18, block 1, on Governor street, west side. The Rev. James W. Howard is the officiating minister. The church property is worth about $2,000. SECRET ORDERS AND OTHER CIVIC SOCIETIES. MASONRY. Iowa City Lodge No. ^. — This is one of the four lodges that were chartered by the Grand Lodge of Missouri. Nov. 20, 1840, a dispensation was issued to the requisite number of brethren residing at Burlington to form a lodge at that place — the first in the then territory of Iowa- -and a charter was granted to them Oct. 20, 1841, with the name, Des Moines Lodge, No. 41. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 665 Feb 4, 1841, a dispensation was issued to constitute a lodge at Bloom- ington (now Muscatine), and a charter granted Oct. 20, 1841, naming it Iowa Lodge, No. 42. Oct. 10, 1842, a dispensation was issued to constitute a lodge at Dubuque, which was chartered Oct. 10, 1843, under the name of Dubuque Lodge, No. 62. On the 10th day of October, 1842, letters of dispensation were issued by Priestly H. McBride, Grand Master of Missouri, to form a lodge at Iowa City, in which were named, William Reynolds, worshipful master; William B. Sn3'der, senior warden; A.J. Willis, junior warden. A charter was granted Oct, 10, 1843, and named Iowa City Lodge, No. 4. In May of the same year a convention was held in Iowa City, to take the necessary steps to organize a Grand Lodge in the territory of Iowa. Pursuant to the arrangements made, delegates from the four chartered lodges met in convention at Iowa City, Jan. 2, 1844, and held a two days' session, during which time a constitution and by-laws were adopted, and grand officers elected. An adjournment was then had until Monday, Jan. 8th, at which time Right Worshipful Ansel Humphreys, district Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Missouri, acting as Grand Master, opened (with the assistance of the constitutional number of Mas- ter Masons) the Grand Lodge of Missouri, and installed the Grand Offi- cers-elect and constituted the Grand Lodge of Iowa in due and ancient form. Oliver Cock, of Burlington, was the first Grand Master; William Reynolds, of Iowa City, first Junior Grand Warden; Theodore S. Parvin, now of Iowa City, the first Grand Secretary; and S. C. Trowbridge first Grand Steward. The four lodges, — having deposited with the new Grand Lodge the charters granted to them by the Grand Lodge of Mis- souri, — were furnished new charters bv the Grand Lodge of Iowa, retain- ing their original names, and numbered from one to four, according to the dates of the original charters, — Iowa City Lodge, being then No. 4, the charter bearing date Jan. 8, 1844. According to the published report of that year, Iowa City Lodge had in all 28 members; but, during the year, several were added to their number. Among these we find the name of Robert Lucas, the first Governor of the territory of Iowa, who joined by affiliation. In 1851 the returns show only 29 members. At the session of the Grand Lodge, held in June, 1852, a charter was granted to Zion Lodge, No. 31, located at Iowa City, with George W. McCleary, Past Grand Master, as Worshipful Master; Ezekiel Clark, as Secretary; S. M. Wadley, as Tyler. These three were the only ones returned as members of Iowa City Lodge in 1851. The new lodge worked steadily, until June 24, 1880, when it was con- solidated with Iowa City Lodge, No. 4. The two lodges at that time had a total membership of 174. 666 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Royal Arch Masonry. — March 19, 1844, a dispensation was issued by Joseph R. Stapleton, Deputy General Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter of the United States, to form a Chapter of Royal Arch Masons at Iowa City. The same was organized April 25, 1844, and called Iowa City Royal Arch Chapter, No. 2. At the triennial convocation of the General Grand Chaptea held at New Haven, Conn., in September fol- lowing, a charter was granted, under the authority of which this chapter worked until June 8, 1854, when delegates from the three chartered chap- ters of the State and one under dispensation met at Fairfield, and formed the Grand chapter of Iowa. Although chapters had been organized for over ten years before the Grand Chapter was formed, yet from the records we are led to believe there could not have been over one hundred regu- larl}^ affiliated Royal Arch Masons in the State; while, at the present date, there are 91 chapters, with a membership of 4,796. Iowa City Chapter has 94 members, and her register shows that over 250 have been members since the chapter was organized in 1844. From the members of Iowa City Chapter five Grand High Priests have been selected as fol- lows: T. S. Parvin, now a member, but at the time of his election, in 1854, a member of Washington Chapter, Muscatine; James R. Hartsock, Kimball Porter, L. S. Swaflbrd, and Z. C. Luse. Templarism. — On December 1st, 1856, a Commandery of Knights Templar was organized by Sir Knight William Leffingwell, under a charter from the Grand Encampment of the United States,— named Palestine Commandery, No. 2, — with Sir Knight Kimball Porter as the first Eminent Commander. A convention was held in Des Moines, June 6, 1864, under the sanction of a warrant issued October 20, 1863, by B. B. French, Grand Master of Knights Templar of the United States, to J. R. Hartsock, of Palestine Commander}-, No. 2, as his deputy, authorizing the commanderies of Iowa to form a Grand Commandery. This was consummated, and the Grand Commandery of Knights Templar of the State of Iowa, duly formed and constituted, with Sir Knight T. S. Parvin, of DeMolay Commandery No. 1, of Muscatine, but residing at Iowa City, as first Right Eminent Grand Commander. At that date there were only three chartered com- manderies in the State and one under dispensation, with a total member- ship of about 130. In October, 1880, there were in Iowa thirty-seven chartered commanderies, with a membership of nearly two thousand. Palestine Commandery, No. 2, has now a membership of eighty. Iowa City Sir Knights have been eminently favored. T. S. Parvin, now a member of Palestine, J. R. Hartsock and George B. Van Saun are Past Grand Commanders; Sir Knight Van Saun, the present Grand Master of Masons in Iowa, was knighted in Palestine Commandery, and demitted therefrom Nov. 3, 1865; Reuben Mickle, Past Grand Master, also knighted in Palestine Commandery; Z. C. Luse, Past Grand Master, has been 1l HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 667 Deputy Grand Commander, and was Grand Treasurer four successive terms. ODD FELLOWSHIP. The Odd Fellow's buildinjj is on the corner of Dubuque and College streets. The entire third story, covered by a graceful mansard roof, is intended for the lodge hall. The building was completed Ja-nuary 1st, 1882, at a cost of $14,000. Koscmska Lodge, No. 6, I. O. O. F., was instituted by John G. Potts, Dist. Dep. Grand Sire, and P. G. Davis of Dubuque, Sept. 14, 1846, and held its first meeting Oct. 10, 1846. Date of charter, Oct. 27, 1852. The charter members and first officers were: S. M. Ballard, N. G.; A. H. Palmer, V. G.; Wm. Patterson, Sec'y; M. L. Morris, Treas.; J. R. Hartsock, G. W. McCleary, Thomas Hughes and E. Lindsey. The present officers are: John Kubek, N. G. ; M. Plerka, V. G. ; Geo W. Kettlewell, Rec. Sec'y W. A. Kettlewell, Per. Sec'y; W. E. C. Foster, Treas. The present membership is sixty-seven. This was the first Lodge of Odd Fellows established in Iowa City; and George Paul and Thomas Snyder were initiated at its first meeting. Good Samaritan Encam-ptneut, No. 5. — Was instituted by D. D. G. Sire, John G. Potts, of Illinois. Organized August 21, 1848. The date of charter is June 26, 1848. The charter members and first officers were: Rev. Wm. Patterson, C. P.; H. W. Lathrop, H. P.; Thos. M. Banbury, S. W.; Thos. Snyder, scribe ; Samuel Magill, treasurer; A. J.Lucas, J. W.; G. D. Palmer, guide; Geo. Paul, first W.; Elsey Lindsey, sentinel. The present officers are: J. K. Corlett, C. P.; A. C. Cowperthwait, H. P.; F. Zimerli, S. W.; Solomon Coldren, treasurer; J. Norwood Clark, scribe; J. J. Dietz, J. W.; H. Roadarmer, guide; J. Dondore, first W.; A. Isense second W.; F. J. Epeneter, third W.; Thos. N. Cox, fourth W.; J. N. Seydel and I. G. Given, guards of the tent; H. Sporlader, I. sentinal. The present membership is 50. Of the charter members Thos. M. Banbury is the only one now in membership. Patterson, Snyder and Lindsey are dead. Eureka Eodo^c, IVo. ^^. — Was instituted by H. W. Lathrop, P. G., as special D. D. G. M. The charter dates February 18, 1853. This lodge was organized March 7, 1853. Its charter members and first officers were: Wm. Patterson, P. G.; G. W. McCleary, N. G.; R. S. Finkbine, P. G.; Ezekiel Clark, P. G.; C. F. Lovelace, V. G.; R. M. Bixby, secre- tary; H. W. Love, treasurer; John Clark, A. W. Pratt, John M. Seydel, E. W. Lucas. The present officers are: W. F. Rabenau, noble grand; J. E. Switzer, vice grand; H. Rhoadarmer, permanent secretary; E. E. Brainerd, recording secretary; J. Norwood Clark, treasurer. The pres- ent membership is one hundred and twelve. Of the charter members Wm Patterson, G. W. McCleary and John Clark are dead. R. S. Fink- bine, E. Clark, C. F. Lovelace and J. M. Seydel are still members. The 668 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. hall is a fine brick structure located on the corner of Dubuque and Col- lege streets, and was built in 1881-82. The first floor is occupied by two stores; the second by offices, and the third by the hall. Teiitonia Lodge, No. I2g. — This is the German lodge, and was organ- ized January 14,1866, Present membership, 60 — 12 of whom were char- ter members. Principal officers in 1881-82: J. J. Dietz, noble grand; Adam Schneider, vice grand; August Isense, treasurer; H. F. Bonorden, secretary; M. Levy, permanent secretary. ANCIENT ORDER UNITED WORKMEN. Athens Lodge, No. ^ — Was instituted by W. W. Walker, and was organ- ized Oct. 11, 1873. The charter members were: H. N. Berry, George Berry, J. P. Clark, Samuel Welch, O. K. Rodgers, Thos. Morrison, John James, J. G. Sechorn, F. V. Moffitt, John Coldren, and E. G. Fracker. The first officers were: M. W., Samuel Welch; G. F., Geo. Berry; P., M. W., H. N. Berry; O., John James; G., A. K. Rodgers; financial sec- retary, Thomas Morrison; recording secretary, E. G. Fracker; recorder, J. G. Seehorn; O. W., J. P. Clark. The present officers are: M. W., J. B. Berryhill; G. F., Wm. Yavorskey; O., E. W. Hollman; recorder, F. E. Backinsto; financial secretary;-, L. A. Allen; recorder, J. N, Col- dren; I. W., F. V. Moffitt; O. W., Jas. Herring. A brick hall is occu- pied by the lodge. The present number of members is ninety-two. lotva City Lodge, No. /jj— Was organized March 21, 1878, with forty members. Present membership ninety-one. The meetings are held in A. O. U. W. Hall, Opera block, on the first and third Wednesdays of each month. The officers are: Master Workman, E. E. Brainerd; fore- man, A.J. Hertz; Overseer, D.A.Jones; recorder, Emil Boerner; finan- cier, George W. Ball; recerder, William A. Fry; inside watchman, Chas. S. Welsh; outside watchman, Thomas Thompson; guide, J. W. S. Horne. German- American Lodge, No. /(S'/.— Organized April 15, 1879. Pres- ent membership, thirty-nine. Meetings held in the A. O. U. W. Hall. Present officers: Master workman, Jacob Kramer; recorder, H. F. Bonorden; financier. Dr. F, Mueller. IOWA LEGION OF HONOR. Iowa City Lodge, No. i8 — Was organized May 28, 1879, by Frank Lis- tenuvalter. The charter members were: J. W. Porter, M. W. Davis, E. G. Fracker, L. A. Allen, J. N. Coldren, S. N. Fellows, E. F. Clapp, T. W. Townsend, J. H. Coover, J. C. Shrader, Geo. J. Boal, M. R. Lewis, W. A. Morrison, J. C. Armentrout, H. P. Button, O. T. Gillette, J. W. S. Home, A. E. Swisher, G. W. Koontz, L. Swisher, J. E. Switzer, J. F. Houser, S. S. Lytle, C. .M. Hobby, L. B. Johnson, J. Springer, W. F. Rodgers, R. H. Allen, Wm. A. Fry, J. W. Cone, J. T. Rhodes, Wm. H. Hubbard, G. B. Lumbard, D. E. Coover, N. R. Parvin, John James, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 669 L. James, and J. Gould. The names of the first officers v.'ere: J. W. Porter, president; M. W. Davis, V. P.; E. G. Fracker, recording secre- tary; L. A. Allen, financial secretary; J. N. Coldren, treasurer; S. N. Fellows, chaplain; E. F. Clapp, usher; T. W. Townsend, door-keeper; J. N. Coover, sentinel, and Geo. J. Boal, A. W. Prat and J. C. Schrader^ trustees. The names of the present officers are: J. W. Cone, president; T. H. Cole, V. P.; Thos. Whittaker, usher; E. G. Fracker, recording secretary; L. A. Allen, financial secretary; J. N. Coldren, treasurer; F. J. Haas, chaplain; D. E. Coover, door-keeper and sentinel. The present membership is eighty-five. Since this lodge was organized three mem- bers have been lost, two by disease and one killed by railroad accident. Canopy Lodge, No. ^2. — Organized September 18, 1879. Present mem- ship, forty-four. Meetings are held second and fourth Wednesdays of each month, in Daniel Corlett's hall, Washington street. The principal officers are: President, A. K. Rodgers; secretary, J. K. Beranek; finan- cial secretary, Jared Ham; treasurer, E. O. Swain. AMERICAN LEGION OF HONOR. Washington Cojcncil, No. yjy. — Organized September 26, 1881. Pres- ent membership, forty-one. Meets second and fourth Tuesdays of each month, in Daniel Corlett's hall. Principal officers: Commander, Dr. S. S. Lvtle; secretary, M.J. Lumbard. Royal Arcanum. — Organized March 8, 1881, with twenty members. Meetings are held in Odd Fellows new building, on the second and fourth Mondays of each month. Following are the names of principal officers: Regent, Milton Remley ; vice-regent, Dr. C. M. Hobby; secretary, J. Wal- ter Lee; treasurer, A. E. Swisher. V. A. S. FRATERNITY. Iowa Collegium, No. j^ — Was instituted by D. Malthie, and chartered March 31, 1880. The charter members were: O.J. Horner, C. P. Bacon, C. F. Lovelace, J. H. Hill, Frank Tanner, J. R. Oug,J.N. Seydel, David Bortz, E. G. Fracker, H. P. Button, S. N. Neil, Frank Fletcher, L. Wil- son, W. Hughes, T. J. Knott, J. W. Durham, H. H. Dimick, C. M. Lodge, Geo. Kenyon, Jared Ham, A. E. Rockey, Jos. Kosa, L. A. Allen. The first officers were : R., H. P. Button ; V. R., J. W. Durham ; S., L. A. Allen ; D.,E. G. Fracker; U., C. M. Lodge; S.,J. Ham. The present officers are: R., E. Hart; V. R., J. Ham; S., L. A. Allen; D., A. D. Mordoft'; U., J. R. Oug; S., Frank Fulloss. Their meetings are held every Monday night, in the A. O. U. W. Hall. UNITED ORDER OF HONOR. Hazukeye Lodge, No. i — Was instituted January 23, 1882, by J. A. L. Tice. The charter members were: J. F. Houser, J. A. L. Tice, S. S. Lytle, H. S. Kneedler, D. A. Jones, J. S. Beatty, C. S. Springer, J. Frudenfield, F. W. Tillotson, C. A. Cook, A. D. King, T. H. Madison, S. V. Bell, G. B. 670 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Swaftbrd, M. A. Seydell, F. E. Fulloss, G. P. Hess, F. A. Heinsius, G. H. Vanpatten, jj. C. Stouffer, S. W. Bell, F. Grandrath, F. Backinsto, L. A. Allen. The first officers were: P., J. A. L. Tice; V. P., G. P. Swafford; I, C. Faust; C, F. Feiseler; Recorder, F. M. Tillotson; Fin. Sec, 1^. A. Allen; Treas., F. Fulloss; I. W., F. Heinsius; O. W., T. H. Madison. The present officers are: P., J. M.Scott; V. P., G. B. Swafford; C, F. M. Feise- ler; I., Mart. Seydell; Recorder, F. M. Tillotson; Fin. Sec, L. A. Allen; Treas., F. Fulloss; I. W., F. Heinsius; O. W., T. H. Madison. The pres- ent number of members is forty-five. A brick hall is used by this lodge which was built by the Ancient Order of United Workmen. There is one Grand Lodge officer, J. A. L. Tice. They hold their meetings every second and fourth Tuesday of each month. GERMAN SOCIETIES. Relief Association — Organized December 4,"1859. Present membership, 88, 16 of whom are charter members; deaths since organization, 17; capi- tal on hand for charitable purposes, over $5,000. Present officers: Presi- dent, S. Engelbrect; vice-president, Jacob Hotz; treasurer, A. Baschnagle; secretary, H. F. Bonorden; collector, William Dunkei. Maefinerchor — Organized in August, 1878; present membership, 40; meet in Baker Hall, Wednesday and Sunday of each week. The pres- ent officers are: President, Louis Sandte; secretary. Dr. G. Mueller; treas- urea, Gustav Strub; teacher, C. H. Berger. BOHEMIAN SOCIETIES. Ochotnik Lilei'ary Society numbers 30 members. Its meetings are held the last Sunday of each month, in Baker's Hall. Principal officers: Presi- dent, J. K. Beranek; recording secretary, W.J. Calta; financial secretary, 1 M. B. Letovsky ; treasurer, J. B. Letovsky. Slovanska Lifsa. — Organized in 1859, with 11 members; present mem- bership, 42. Meetings are held the first Sunday of each month, in Baker's Hall. The principal officers now are: President, John K. Beranek; recording secretary, Joseph Slavata; treasurer, V. Faiauf. Zastit. — Organized in 1870; present membership, 40. Meetings are held on the second Sunday of each month, in Grizzel's Hall. Principal officers now: President, G, Nedobity; secretary, A. Spevanchek; treas- user, V. Grissel. Chcska Podporujici Obec Society was organizhd in 1881. It numbers 42 members, and the meetings are held the first Sunday of each month, in Baker's Hall; principal officers: President, J. Cech; Secretar}'^, John Schultze. ROMAN CATHOLIC MUTUAL PROTECTIVE SOCIETY. Iowa City Branch, No. j. — Organized November 21, 1879, with 31 members; present membership, 68; meet at St. Joseph Institute, second HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 671 Sunday of each month. Present officers: President, Joseph Schultze; secretary and treasurer, James W. Calta. ST. Joseph's society. Organized July 20, 1873; present membership, 11. Meet at Gustav Strub's grocery, the last Sunday of each month; Present officers: Presi~ dent, John Sueppel; secretary, Henry Luehrmann; treasurer, Gustav Strub. young men's association. On June 24, 1864, a Young Men's Association was organized, for refined social intercourse and the advancement of general information, to maintain a social hall, reading room, etc. Male persons over sixteen years of age may become members of this association, after having been proposed and elected at any regular meeting, by signing the constitution and by-laws and paying three dollars into the treasury. The officers elected at the organization were as follows: President, J. D. Bowersock; vice-presidents, R. N. Kemp, J. A. Smith; secretary, J. E. Parker; treasurer, G. L. Taylor; librarian, A. Shipley. In 1867 there was a G. A. R. organized [Grand Army of the Republic] in Iowa City. No particulars furnished. For some years there was a Young Men's Christian Association in Iowa City. In March, 1867, the officers elected were: President, T. S. Bailey; vice-president, S. S. Howell; recording secretary, J. W. Lee; corresponding secretary, J. P. Sanxay; treasurer, R. H. AUin; Hbra- rian, G. W. Smith. BANDS. The first mention or hint that Iowa City had a band occurs in connec- tion with a notice of a Washingtonian temperance meeting which was held on June 1, 1842, where it is simply stated that " the Iowa City Band furnished music for the occasion." We obtained no fiirther particulars or history of this first band that went a-rub-a-dub-dubbing through the streets of half-hatched Iowa City, before she got the shell oft'. Our next memoranda on the band question gives the "Social Brass Band," organized in 1877. In 1879 the name was changed to "Light Guard Band." July 4th, 1881, it disbanded. It averaged fourteen instru- ments. Its first leader was George Southwell, a little over a year. The next was F. Hammersmith, about seven months. The next, John Litzen- burger, one year. The Metropolitan Band, as it is now called, was first organized January 1st, 1879, as a juvenile band, the members being all boys from 14 to 19 years of age, with Albert Strub as leader. It then had twelve members. On June 1st, 1882, it took the name of Metropolitan Band, and now consists of the following members: Albert Strub, leader, solo B; John Cerny, E flat cornet; S. B. Letov- C72 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. sky, solo B; M. B. Letovsky, first B; Joseph Gressel, "second B; Charles O'Hanlon, solo alto; Joseph Klema, first alto; James Krotz, second alto; Frank Hotz, first tenor; Ed. Reiss, second tenor; Joseph Reizenstein, bar- itone; Wm. Talbot, B bass; John Miller, E flat bass tuba; Richard Pres- ton, snare drum; John Rabenaw, bass drum and cymbals. They meet for practice on Monday and Thursday nights. UNION BAND. The Iowa City Union Band was organized March 1, 1881, under the leadership of Anthony Spevachek. It is a brass band, an orchestra, and a string band — anything to suit the occasion — has eight members, all of whom are of Bohemian nationahty. One of its members, John Frid- rick, served eight years as a musician in the army of Austria, and another member, John Shalla, was a drummer boy in company D, 22d Iowa infantry, during the war of the rebellion. The following is the roster of the band: Brass-band. Orchestra. Anthony Spevachek Solo B cornet. Clarionet. John Fridrick Clarionet. Clarionet. Frank Benda E flat cornet. 1st horn. Frank Shelbickey Baritone. 2d violin. Frank Spevachek Solo horn. Clarionet. John Shalla 2d horn. Snare drum. Joseph Hervert Double bass. Tuba. John Gendle < • • Bass drum and cymbals. ORCHESTRA BAND. Pisha's orchestra was organized in March, 1881, with five men, and Reizenstein and Barta joined it May 1, 1882, making now seven members five of whom are solo players. They play at sight any orchestra music that has ever been published. The parts represented are: J. P. Pisha, leader, 1st violin ; John Cerny, 2d violin; Joseph Reizenstein, clarionet; Joseph Cerny, cornet; Ed. Reiss, double bass and tuba; S. B. Letovsky, alto and cornet; Albert Strub, cornet and clarionet. BOAT CLUBS. The great dam at Coralville has a vertical height of thirteen feet from the river bottom, and it backs water a distance of about seven miles. This makes a fine body of still water for boating and fishing purposes. Also, from the peculiar manner in which the river meanders around, it happens tliat an old crossing place known as Butler's landing or Butler's ferry, nearly due north of Iowa City, is only about the same distance from the city that Coralville is, and yet is about two and a half miles up stream from the dam. At this landing the Riverside Boat Club has built a stone wharfage or breakwater, and erected a club house and boat house, and enclosed its own private grounds, for the use of the members and their families and invited guests. And here they go for holiday pastime, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 673 or for relaxation from business cares during the hot season. Bring their tents and camp out a few days or weeks as the case may be, and enjoy themselves with the quiet recreations of boating, fishing, geologizing, and such social pastimes as may agreeably vary the monotony. The Riverside Boat Club was organized in 1866, and its boat house was the first one built. It now has seven members, to-wit: James Lee, C. T. Ransom, Peter A Dey, John P. Irish, C. P. Bacon, S. J. Hess and M. W. Davies, Messrs. Lee and Davies were among the originators and first members of the club. They now have a navy of five boats. In July, 1881, their boat house was washed away by the highest flood that had occurred in the Iowa river since 1851. Another aquatic organization called the Crescent Boat Club v/as formed some years later, and was abandoned in 1881. Its members were G. W. Marquart, C. A. McChesney, A. J. Hirshire, Geo. W. Koontz, Samuel Pryce. They had their boat house, navy yard and landing about half a mile further up the river at a place popularly known as Pic-Nic Hollow. The landing and harbor there is now (1882) used by Capt. J. P. Dostal as a wharf for his pleasure-excursion steamboat, " Enterprise," which still persists in proving through five or six months of the year that the Iowa river is navigated by steam. [See chapter on " First Steamboat Arrivals at Iowa City."] Note. — ^Since the above was written, Dostal's steamer and boat house were burned, Wednesday, September 13, 1882. Insurance, $1,600, in Cox & Kirkwood's agency. THE lOWA CITY BANK. Was organized Dec. 2, 1875, with Hon. E. Clark, president, Thos. Hill, vice president, and John Coldren cashier. Its increasing business required a larger and more extended organization, consequently a new organization was formed, and the new corporation was named the Iowa City National Bank, with the following named persons as officers and directors: Hon. S. J. Kirkwood, president; Hon. Ezekiel Clark, vice- president; John Coldren, cashier; board of directors, E. Clark, S. J. Kirk- wook, Thos. Hill, John N. Coldren, Theodore Sanaxay, George Lewis, John W. Porter, T. J. Cox and Thomas B. Wales, Jr. It starts with a capital stock of $100,000, which may be increased at will to $1,000,000. This new corporation embraces a few of the most substantial and promi- nent men of Iowa City. They are among the solid financial men of John- son county, with good financial records, and possessing the confidence of the people. THE CITIZENS SAVINGS AND TRUST COMPANY. To Whom it mny Concern: — Notice is hereby given that the undersigned have associated themselves, and all others who may hereafter join them, into a body corporate, to be known as the Citizens Savings and Trust Company of Iowa City, for the purpose of receiving on deposit the savings and funds of others and making loans on real estate and other securi- ties, and the purchase and sale of such loans, and for the purchase and sale and making €74 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. loans upon commercial paper, notes, bills of exchange, drafts, or any other persooal or public security; and to do such other business as a savings bank is authorized to transact by the laws of the State of Iowa; also to accept and execute any and all trusts which may be committed to said corporation by any court, corporation, partnership, or individual ; ail as more full}' shown by the articles of incorporation The amount of the capital stock of said company is twenty-five thousand dollars; its duration fifty years, commencing January 4, I860 ; its principal place of business, Iowa City, in the county of Johnson, State of Iowa. The private property of stockholders shall be exempt from corporate debts. Said capital stock is to be paid in full, January 2, 1883. The highest amount of indebtedness of said corporation, or to which it may sub.iect itself, exclusive of its liability for deposits, shall not exceed two-thirds of its capital stock. The corporate business of said association shall be managed by a board of five trustees, and for the first year the following named persons shall be such trustees, viz- Ezekiel Clark, Chas. T. Ransom, Mosses Bloom, Louis H. Jackson and W. A. Purdy. Thereafter said trustees are to be elected on the second Monday of January of each year. Ezekiel Clark, Chas. T. Ransom, Moses Bloom, Louis H. Jackson, W. A. Purdy, aud others. The above financial institutions adds another solid and important bank- ing institution to the financial circles of Iowa Cit}'. The list of names attached are a suficient guarantee of of the financial success it will achieve in due time. THE CITY BREWERY. This brewery, owned and operated by John J. Englest and Frank Rit- tenmyer, is situated on the south side of Market street, between Linn and Gilbert streets. The main building is stone and brick, two stories high, with a cellar under the entire building 70x80 feet. The three bar rooms are in a frame building two stories high, and in these rooms the favorite beverage is dispensed to their patrons by the genial George Englest and assisted by the proprietors when they are present. They have an ice house of 200,000 lbs. capacity. The capacity of the brewery is twenty- five barrels per day. It was the first brewery in the city and was built and operated by Louis Englest in 1853. He used first a brass kettle and brewed from six to ten barrels per day. He sold the brewery in September, 1877, to his son J. J. Englest, and son-in-law, Frank Rittenmyer, and they have operated it suc- cessfully since then. Philip Englest wis foreman of the brewery for many years until he died in April, 1880. Thispropertv was worth $25,- 000 before the passage of the Prohibitory Constitutional Amendment, and is now worth $10,000 for the building and machinery, and fixtures are worth $3,000. They employ eight to twelve hands, and are now doing a good business. IOWA CITY PACKING COMPANY. Was duly incorporated in August, 1880, commenced packing in June, 1881. The first officers were Hon. E. Clark, president; Lyman Parson, vice-president; A. C. Yumkin, secretary; Lovel Swisher, treasurer. Directors, E. Clark, Lyman Parson, Ed. Tudor, T. J. Cox, S. J. Hess, S. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 675 J. Kirkwood, Geo. Powell, Wm. Block. Thos. Hill was elected to fill the place of S. J. Kirkwood, who never served. The present officers are: Lyman Parson, president; A. C. Yumkin, secretary; Lovell Swisher, treasurer. Directors, L. Parson, A. C. Yum- kin, J. C. Cochrane, Prof. A. N. Currier, J. W. Porter, Thos. Hill, M. Cavanaugh, Ed. Tudor, C. W. Landsberg, B. F. Brown, and Lovel Swisher. Paid up capital stock, $80,000. Authorized capital, $250,000. Charter amended in Sept., 1881, makmg eleven persons necessary for a board of directors, instead of nine. They have forty stockholders, all resident capitalists. The business from June 1, 1881, to Aug. 15, 1882, paid a dividend of twenty-seven per cent. They began operations Nov. 1, 1882, having suspended for want of hogs tor a few months. They are slaughting about five hundred per day. MURPHY BROS. This firm are engaged in the livery business on Washington street, and successor to Daniel. Corlett. William Murphy, the senior member of this firm, was born January 26, 1855 in Penn township, Johnson county, Iowa. He married Sarah Maher of Iowa City in May, 1881. Arthur Charles, the junior member of this firm, was born Jan. 15, 1857, in Penn township. They engaged in the livery business in April, 1881. They are young men of energy and tact and always ready and willing to supply their customers with first class turnouts. They have good horses and plenty of them, and a large variety of vehicles to select from. THE WALTER TERRILL MH.L. The dam connected with this mill w^as authorized by a special act of the legislature of the territory of Iowa in 1840. The following is a true copy of the act: An Act authorizing Walter Terrill to build a Mill-dam acrost the Iowa River near Iowa City. Section 1. Be it enacted by the Council and House of Representatives of the Territory of lozua : That Walter Terrill is hereby authorized to construct a dam acrost the Iowa river in Johnson county at a point on the southwest quarter of section No. 3, in township No. 79 north, and range No. 6 west, which dam shall not exceed five feet above the ordinary low- water mark; and provided, said dam be completed within the term of three years from the passage of this act. Sec. 2. Any person who n^ay injure or destroy said dam shall be deemed to have committed a trespass, and shall be liable accordingly, and any person who shall wilfully or maliciously destroy or injure said dam shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction, shall be fined and imprisoned at the discretion of the court. Sec. 8. Nothing herein contained shall authorize the individual named in this act, his heirs or assigns, to enter upon and flow the lands or mill- wheels of any person without the consent of such person, and he shall remove all such nuisances as may be occasioned by the erection of said •dam, which may endanger the health of the vicinity of said dam. 676 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Sec. 4. The legislature of this territory reserves the right to alter or amend this act so as to provide for the navigation of said river by lock or otherwise. Approved December 15, 1840. Mr. Terrill built a fine mill-dam and erected a fine mill, and had every- thing in running order in 1843, within the time fixed by the above act. It is a fine mill and splendid water privilege. It is equipped with all the modern improvements of mill machinery. It was sold by Mr. T. to one Jacob Sam, and by him to Deitz & Hemmer, and all parties did a good business until July, 1881, the high waters washed a channel around the west end of the dam, and mill operations ceased, and financial failure caused the mill to be sold, and it was bought in by Miss Mary Terrill and her mother. It is a frame building, three stories high. The main build- ing is 22x40; other buildings have been added. It contains three run of four-feet burrs and three run of three-and-one-half-feet burrs. It is won- derful what a change takes place in the value of mill property by slight changes in the water privileges. Before the flood in February, 1881, the mill property and mill privilege were valued at $32,000, and the owners asked that price. After the flood and washout it was bid off" under a foreclosure of a mortgage at $4,000. The mill is in good rnnning order. New bolts and a grinding capacity of 300 bushels in twenty-four hours. Owing to some slight misunderstanding among parties interested, the washout has never been repaired. CHAPTER XL— PART 3. THE CITY'S CIVIL ADMINISTRATION, FINANCES, MANUFACTORIES, ETC OFFICERS OF lOW^A CITY, FROM ITS ORGANIZATION TO MARCH, 1882: 1853. — On the 6th day of April, the city government of Iowa City went into operation by the following persons being sworn into the respective offices, by George S. Hampton, clerk of the Supreme Court of Iowa: Jacob P. DeForest, mayor; Anson Hart, recorder; C. H. Buck, treas- urer; R. Hutchinson, marshal; Benj. King, assessor. Aldermen. — First Ward— Edward Lanning, Wm. H. Hunt, and E. C. Lee. Second Ward — Thomas Snyder, F. P. Brossart, and W. Penn Clark.* Third Ward — Peter Roberts, Peter Stetzer, and J. R. Van Fleet.f 1854. — On the third day of April, the following persons were elected * On the 25th clay of April, W. Penn Clarke resigned his seat, and H. W. Lathrop was elected to till the vacancy. On the llth day of July, H, W. Lathrop resigned his seat, and Geo. W. McCleary was elected to fill the vacancy. f On the llth day of July, J. R. Van Fleet resigned, and Morgan Reno was elected to fill the vacancy. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 677 to the respective offices, and duly sworn in: Joseph E. Fales, mayor; M. J. Talbott, recorder; C. H. Buck, treasurer; J. B. Middleton, marshal. 1855. — On the 2d day of April, the following persons were elected to the respective offices, and duly sworn in: G. D. Woodin, mayor; J. G. Sperry, recorder; Jacob Ricord, treasurer; J. N. Clark, marshal. 1856. — On the 7th day of April, the following persons were elected to the respective offices, and were duly sworn in: John M. Carleton, mayor; J. G. Sperry, recorder; J. Ricord, treasurer; Benj. King, marshal; N. H. White, assessor. 1857. — Officers elected April 6: Morgan Reno, mayor; H. E. Brown, recorder; Silas Foster, treasurer; L. W. Talbott, marshal; D. A. Milling- ton, assessor. 1858. — Officers elected April 5: Chas. T. Ransom, mayor; H. E. Brown, recorder; Jesse Berry, treasurer; L. W. Talbott, marshal. 1859. — Officers elected April 1: Moses J. Morsman, mayor; Martin J. Talbott, recorder; Benj. King, treasurer; W. G. Hickman, marshal. I860.— Officers elected April 2: Peter A. Dey, mayor; S. P. McCad- don, recorder; Benj. King, treasurer; John Bremer, marshal. 1861.— Officers elected April 1: G. W. Clark, mayor; S. P. McCad- don, recorder; R. H. Sylvester, treasurer; John Curry, marshal. 1862.— Officers elected April 7: G. H. Collins, mayor; S. P. McCad- don, recorder; R. H. Sylvester, treasurer; J. W. Mitchell, marshal. 1863.— Officers elected April 6: J. B. Buttles, mayor; John Martin,* recorder; R. H. Sylvester, treasurer; John W. Mitchell, marshal. 1864. — Officers elected March 7, in accordance with the provisions of general incorporation act: Geo. W. McCleary,'mayor; L. W. Talbott,f marshal; H. Murray, treasurer. C. F. Clarke was appointed city clerk March 15, 1864. 1865.— Officers elected March 6: Geo. W. McCleary, mayor; L. W. Talbott, marshal; S. P. McCaddon, treasurer. March 25, C. F. Clarke was appointed city clerk. 1866. — Officers elected March 5: G. W. McCleary, mayor; Edgar Harrison, marshal; S. P. McCaddon, treasurer; E. O. Swaine, assessor, J. Y. Blackwell, solicitor. March 14, Benjamin Owen was appointed street commissioner. C. F. Clarke continued in office as city clerk until in December, 1866, when John P. Irish was appointed to succeed him for the balance of the term, and Benjamin Owen was superseded in the office of street commissioner by L. Gallagher. * A. .T. Cassidy was appointed Recorder by the Council on the 20th day of August, the office having become vacant by the removal of John Martin from the city. t On the 28th day of May, 1864, L, W. Talbott resigned the office of marshal, and A. T. McElwaine was appointed to fill the vacancy. On the 11th day of October, 1864, A. T. McElwaine resigned the office of marshal, and L. W, Talbott, was appointed in his stead. 43 678 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 1867. — Officers elected March 4: Geo. W. McClear}^ mayor; Edgar Harrison, marshal; S. P. McCaddon, treasm-er. John P. Irish was appointed city clerk, March 15. January 3d, 1868, John P. Irish having resigned the office of city clerk, Henry N. Berry was appointed to fill the vacancy. 1868. — Officers elected March 2: Geo. W. McCleary, mayor; Edgar Harrison, marshal; William Louis, treasurer. Henry N. Berry was appointed city clerk. 1869. — Officers elected March 1, and sworn in March 15: F. H. Lee, mayor; J. S. TurnbuU, marshal; William Louis, treasurer; Thomas Hughes, city clerk. 1870. — Officers elected March 7: F. H. Lee, mayor; David H. Reece, marshal; Rush Clark, solicitor; Thos. W. Rogers, treasurer; Thomas Hughes, clerk. 1871. — Officers elected March 6: S. E. Paine, mayor; David H. Reece, marshal; Thos. W. Rogers, treasurer; Thomas Hughes, clerk. 1872. — Officers elected March 4: S. E. Paine, mayor; John Remick,* treasurer; Thomas Hughes, clerk. 1873. — Officers elected March 3: S. E. Paine, mayor; j. Norwood Clark, treasurer; John H, Griffith, clerk. 1874. — Officers elected March 2: Moses Bloom, mayor; John N. Col- dren, treasurer; John H. Griffith, clerk. 1875. — Officers elected March 1: Jacob Ricord, mayor; John Sueppel, treasurer; John H. Griffith, clerk. He resigned, and May 14, 1875, J. D. Sperry was appointed to fill vacancy. 1875. — Officers elected March 6: Henry Morrow, mayor; L. B. Pat- terson, city solicitor; John Sueppel, treasurer; C. F. Clarke, clerk. 1877. — Officers elected March 5: Frederick Theobald, mayor; C. M. Renof, treasurer; Joseph Mullin, clerk. 1878.— Officers elected March 4: Jacob Ricord, mayor; H. H. Seeley, treasurer; Thomas Hughes, clerk. 1879.— Officers elected March 3: Mathew Cavanagh, mayor; H. H Seeley, treasurer; Thomas Hughes, clerk. 1880. — Officers elected March 1: Wm. A. Morrison, mayor; H. H. Seeley, treasurer; Thomas Hughes, clerk. 1881. — Wm. A. Morrison, mayor; Dennis Maher, treasurer; H. D. Rowe, city clerk. 1882. — Mayor, John J. Holmes; clerk. Max Otto; treasurer, J. J. Lashek; assessor, E. G. Fracker; solicitor, C. S. Ranek; street commis- sioner, Thomas Hannon ; chief of police, Henry Shinn. Councilmen. — First ward, O. D. Goodrich, Benjamin Owen; second *0a the 25th day of Marcli, 1873, J. A. L. Tice was appointed treasurer to fill vacancy- caused by the death of John Remick. f Resigned November 19, 1877, and C. A. Vogt appointed to fill vacancy. I HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 679 ward, N. H. Brainerd, S. J. Hess; third ward, A. J. Rider, H. F. Bon- orden; fourth ward, Jos. Dehner, J. M. B. Letovsky; fith ward, Frank Tanner, Geo. W. Ball. THE CITY HALL. At the present tinie, (1882,) Iowa City has the largest and finest city hall of any city in the State — not even excepting Des Moines. The building was erected in 1881, at the corner of Washington and Linn streets, on a lot that the city bought from Peter M. Musser, May 24, 1875, for $2,500, and was completed ready for use January 1, 1882. The lot, building, bell and furniture cost about ijjl 9,000. BURNING OF THE CITY HALL. In the night ot September, 1882, the city hall was burned, the fire prob- ably having originated from a gas jet left burning under the hose rack in the room of " Protection " engine company. The gas had been left burning at its proper height; but when the lights in stores, hotels and other places were shut off, of course the pressure was increased on the few burners still open, and from this cause the fiame is supposed to have overreached its bounds, and in some way caught some inflammable mate- rial. The fire was witnessed by the writer hereof, but we clip from the Press report the following points: Shortly after one o'clock on Friday morning last, officer Scott Wilson saw from Ham's hall a slight blaze in the committee room in the north- west corner of the building. The alarm was speedil}^ given, and the two halls where dances were in progress poured out their throngs. The fire, when discovered, was largely in the upper part of the building. In ten minutes after the alarm was given the whole garrett was on fire and the flames bursting from windows and eaves. The firemen worked with a nervous energ}^, but fate was against them. Unfortunately three hundred feet of hose was burned in the beginning of the fire so as to be rendered useless, and efforts of the brave men were sadly clogged. The first floor of the west half of the building comprising the mayor's and marshal's office and the lock-up suffered little damage by fire. The walls all stand, and the fire burning from the top down are not irreparably damaged. All the furniture on the upper floor was destroyed. The stout timbers held the heavy bell until it was well nigh white hot; when it fell it crashed through the smoking floors and lies in the cellar. Its loss is little regret- ted ; it was a failure from the first, and the one good thing that may come out of the fire will be a good bell. The total loss will reach about $17,000. The insurance is: National Hartford (Dodder) $ 2,000 Franklin, Philadelphia (Bacon) 2,000 Alliance, New York (Shipman) 2,000 Niagara, New York, (Swisher) 2,000 Underwriters, Boston (Hutchinson) 1,500 Hawkeye, Des Moines (Towns) 500 Total $10,000 The insurances were promptly adjusted, and on September 20th the 680 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. contract for rebuilding the hall was let to Messrs. Sheets & Gesberg for $9,925. FIRE DEPARTMENT. The "Rescue" Hook and Ladder Company was organized May 21, 1872, with H. Morrow, foreman; H. Murray, first assistant; H. Gearkee, second assistant; A. J. Ruter, treasurer; A.J.Tucker, secretary. The membership then was forty men. This company has attended all fires since its organization; has had two members killed and several injured while in the performance of duty. In 1882 there are fifty members, it being the largest company in the department. The officers are E. E. Brainerd, foreman; W. E. C. Foster, first assistant; A. G. Tucker, second assistant; M. W. Davis, treasurer; Charles Shrader, secretary. OFFICERS OF FIRE DEPARTMENT, 1882. Chief, James Brannan. First Assistant, J. K. Baranek. Second Assistant, Joseph Myers. Foreman " Rescue " hook and ladder, E. E. Brainerd. Foreman " Protection " engine, L. D. Porch. Foreman " Protection " hose, Henry Langenberg. Foreman "Clark" engine, F. R. Stebbins. Foreman "Clark" hose, E. A. Comstock. Foreman "Ever Ready" hook and ladder, Milton Hess. This is the boys' company. [Ed. Brainerd furnished the items of history of " Rescue " Hook and Ladder Company, but no other company furnished any, hence it is no fault of the historian that they do not appear.] FINANCES— RAILROAD BONDS, ETC. March 12, 1855, Iowa City voted to take $50,000 stock in the Missis- sippi & Missouri Railroad Company. 339 ballots were cast; 308 were for taking stock, 30 against, and 1 defective ballot. March 23, 1857, the city clerk copied the following receipt upon the city records: New York, March 13, lbo7. It is hereby certified, that Iowa City, in the State of Iowa, has paid the sum of fifty thousand dollars in bonds, and is the owner of that amount of the capital stock in the first division of the Mississippi & Missouri railroad, from the city of Davenport to Iowa City, and that the same shall not be diverted therefrom without the consent of said Iowa City. . ■- — s Given under our hands and seal of the company. \ SEAL. - A. C. Flagg, John A. Dix, ' v.^-^ ' Treas. President M. & M. R. R. Co. Iowa City has over $50,000 of this debt to pay yet, being balance on a compromise. July 5, 1853, the assessment of real property in Iowa City was $155,670, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 681 with the improvements exempt; personal property was $148,918; polls, 333; dogs, 108. CITY FINANCES, NOV, 1, 1882. 8 per cent city bonds, due in 1891 $ 27,500 00 7 per cent city bonds, due in 1885 9,300 00 6 per cent city bonds, due in 1896-97 27,500 00 5 per cent city bonds, due in 1891 13,000 00 6 per cent city bonds, due in 1897 5,000 00 7 per cent city bonds, for pest house, due Dec, 1882 550 00 Total $ 82,850 00 March 16, 1874, total indebtedness was $115,358 70. The city indebtedness has been lessened in eight years, $32,508 70. Total estimated value of all the resources of the city, 1882, $46,162 55. Total estimated expenditures of the city for the year 1882, $35,772 08. The city commenced mecadamizing its streets in 1872, and has com- pleted a block and more each \'ear since. The first work was on South Capital street; the next year Clinton and Washington streets, and this year [1882] finds Dubuque, Iowa avenue and College streets, and in fact all the streets in the business portion of the city are in splendid condition ; and Iowa City has the finest mecadamized streets of any city in Iowa. WARD BOUNDARIES. An Ordinance defining the boundaries of the several wards of Iowa City, Iowa. Section 1. Be it ordained by the City Council of Iowa City, That all that part of said Iowa City, lying south of the center of College street and west of the center of Linn street, shall constitute the first ward of said Iowa City. Sec. 2. That all that part of said Iowa City, lying north of the center of College street, and west of the center of Linn street, shall constitute the second ward of said Iowa City. Sec. 3. That all that part of said Iowa City, lying north of the center of Bloomington street, and east of the center of Linn street, shall consti- tute the third ward of said Iowa City. Sec, 4. That all that part of said Iowa City, lying south of the center of Bloomington street, and east of the center of Linn street, and north of the center of College street, shall constitute the fourth ward of said Iowa City. Sec 5. That all that part of said Iowa City, lying south of the center of College street, and east of the center of Linn street, shall constitute the fifth ward of said Iowa City. Sec 6. For the purposes of this ordinance and so far as it is applica- ble, the center lines of all streets named in this ordinance as division lines, or boundary lines of the several wards of Iowa City, are hereby extended to the present corporate Hmits of said Iowa City as defined and established by resolution of the City Council of said city, passed May 5th, 1876. * * * -H- * * * * * * -X- * Sec 8. All ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict with this ordi- nance, are hereby repealed. 682 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Sec. 9. This ordinance to take eftect and be in force from and after March 1st, 1879. Passed December 6th, 1878. MEETINGS. An Ordinance establishing the time for the regular meetings of the City Council. Section 1. Beit ordained by City Council of Iowa City, That from and after the passage and legal publication of this ordinance the regular meetings of the City Council for each year shall commence on the evening of the third Monday in March, and thereafter shall be held on the first Friday evening of each month. The hour of meeting from the first day of April until the first day of October shall be at eight o'clock p. m., and during the remainder of the year at seven and a half o'clock p. m. Sec. 2. All ordinances in conflict with this ordinance, be and the same are hereby repealed. Passed January 2d, 1880. Published January 7th, 1880. city hospital. — PEST HOUSE. — CEMETERY. March 5, 1855, a board of health was created — but what they did, and who they were the record does not say. It is reported that Iowa City had a few cases of cholera in 1851, '55 and '56. The Oakland Cemetery has a great many head stones, showing that a number of people died in those years ; but we find no mention made of it in the papers published here in those years, and nothing on the city records, only that a motion was under con- sideration in 1855 in the city council to build a hospital; but they decided in October not to build because the time had passed that year for needing one. December 23, 1881, the city bought lot No. 3, block 10, Wood's Addi- tion to Iowa City, from John W. Porter, with a two story frame building thereon, for $550, to be used as a pest hou^e, the city being afflicted to a slight extent with small-pox. February 13, 1843, the legislature of the territory of Iowa donated out- lot No. 10, to Iowa City, and on the 6th day of February, 1854, Judge George W. McCleary and S. Hemstead, Secretary of State, made a deed for the same to Iowa City — expressing therein that it should be used for a public burying ground. It contains about one acre. It is called Oakland Cemetery. The city has bought additional ground until they now have about six acres. The Catholic Cemetery, adjoining Oakland Cemetery, contains about three acres. These grounds are in the north-east portion of the city. POST OFFICE BUSINESS. The following statements are based on the monthly and quarterly reports of 1881-82: 3,200 letters are put in the boxes every day, and sometimes the number far exceeds that. Besides that large number of letters, at least 5,000 packages of papers are received every day, the aggregate weight of which is about 800 pounds. About 20 post office orders are presented daily, the amount of money thus paid out averaging HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 683 $300, and the fees on these orders netting Uncle Sam a revenue of about three dollars. The mone\^ orders issued from the office average about 18 per day. 142 lock boxes have been added during the past year, making in all 461 lock and 1000 call boxes. That these are all taken is a sufficient showing of the demands on the office. Twenty-four mails are daily sent out from the office and as many reach it. Twelve go into, and the same number come from the country, while the railroads bring and carry away the rest. Mail matter dispatched in 1881: Number of pieces first class 567,684 " " second class 560,800 " " merchandise 840 Mail received: Letters and postal cards 939,900 Papers and second class 804,524 Merchandise 3,328 Money orders issued 5,1 48 $51,324.08 Money orders paid 5,824 74,022.04 THE OPERA HOUSE. This building was erected on the site of the old Clinton House, which was burned down in 1872. The foundations are of limestone from the quarries in Johnson county, and Mr. J. O'Hanlon saw that the work was done right. The opera house proper has a frontage on Clinton street of 71 feet and 80 on College. The main entrance is on College street through two double doors. The ticket office is on the first floor between the landings of the broad stairways that lead, by the ample vestibule, to the auditorium which is entered through two double doors. From the vestibule to the main floor two broad stairways lead to another large vestibule from which entrance is made to the gallery through two large doors. The stage, located on the south side of the room, is 60x30 feet. The fire proof scenery, consisting of eight complete sets, composed of chambers of the Louis XV style, modern chambers, Bastillian prison, rustic kitchen, perspective street, a street house, water landscapes, garden and rustic cottages, with wings to match all of the above scenes, and the proscenium drapery, border top and sky borders, and the imposing drop curtain. The stage is lighted with 21 burners in the foot lights and 54 burners in border lights above the stage, with strong reflectors all arranged so there is no danger by fire. The auditorium is 50x60 feet, the parquet will seat 234, the dress circle 266 and the gallery about 550 persons very comfortably, and by putting chairs in the aisles about 1,400 people can be accommodated. It is lighted by a large reflector with 64 burners, and seven two burner brackets under the gallery. The ceiling is elaborately ornamented, relieved in the four corners by the finely painted portraits of Myerbeer in the S. E.; Beethoven, in the S. W.; Mozart, in the N. W,; and Wagner, in the N. E. corner, and in the center of the proscenium an 684 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. elegant picture of Shakespeare. The whole building is heated by steam. The chairs in the auditorium are of the improved style of perforated wood tilting opera chairs. The plans of the building were drawn by R. S. Finkbine, who supervised its construction as architect. The brick were burned by N. Oaks and laid by the day under the supervision of Thomas Hill and Hon. E. Clark. The iron work was furnished by Tulloss & Co.; the stone work by J. W. Sterling & Co. and the painting of the wood work was done by Mahana Bros. The wood work was done by Sheets, Ges- burg & Co. The galvanized irom cornice and balustrade were manu- factured and put up by Maresh & Holubar. The painting and sanding of these galvanized iron work was done by David Coover. The iron roof was laid by J. N. Seydel. The steam heating apparatus and water pipes were put in by the Haxton Steam Heating Co. The gas pipes and fixtures were all put in by Mr. Mathew Maher. The Opera House is owned by Messrs. Clark and Hill, and is one of the creditable business enterprises of the city. THE ST. JAMES HOTEL. It is a large three-story brick building, situated on the corner of Clinton street and Iowa Avenue. The post-office occupies the corner room on the first floor. It is the largest hotel in the city. The second floor is used for an office, sample-room, parlor, dining-room, and kitchen, and the balance of the building contains 40 rooms for the accommodation of guests. The building is owned by the Hon. Peter A. Dey (the Thompson estate) of Iowa City. This hotel was inaugurated in 1872, by Col. M. D. Wood, who has been its proprietor ever since. MANUFACTORIES. Iowa City contains a goodly number of important and creditable man- ufacturing enterprises, such as require steam power, and a considerable investment of business talent and cash capital to carry them on. The writer of this history prepared blanks and sent out to seventeen such establishments, requesting a return of such facts as would enable us to give a sketch of their business in the history of Johnson county. Some complained that former sketches published had been incorrect; some declined to make any statement, and some sent us a verbal reference to a sketch printed somewhere, some time, without giving date or furnishing a copy. Blanks were sent to flouring-mills, paper-mill, pearl-mill, oil-mill, elevator, breweries, planing-mill, iron-works, glucose-works, alcohol- works, glass-works, gas-works, banks, etc., with a view of showing the manufacturing and commercial status of Iowa City in 1882. Such fre- quent complaint was made of errors in former publications that we aimed to obtain data from first hands, and on their own authority. But the fol- lowing are all the manufactories that furnished their statistics, and much HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTV. 685 as he regrets the meager showing here made for Iowa City's great indus- tries, the writer wishes it distinctly understood that the deficiency in this respect is from no fault or neglect on his part. CITY GAS WORKS. The Gas Compan}^ was first organized Nov. 9, 1857. Section 1. Be it o?-dained by the City Cotmcil of Iowa City, That John N. Coldren & Co., their associates, successors and assigns, as indi- viduals or as a body corporate, under such name as they may hereafter adopt, be and they are hereby authorized, and the exclusive privilege is hereby granted to the said John N. Coldren & Co., their associates, suc- cessors and assigns, for the term of twenty years from the passage' of this ordinance, to use the streets, alleys and public grounds of said Iowa City, including any territory that may hereafter be annexed to said city, for the purpose of laying down pipes for conveying gas for supplying said city, and the inhabitants thereof with gaslight: Provided, That said said John N. Coldren & Co., their associates, successors and assigns, shall give the street commissioner of said city three days' notice in writing previous to the opening of any street, alley or public grounds, for the purpose afore- said, and shall not unnecessarily obstruct the passage of the said streets, alleys or public grounds: Provided also, That no street shall be so obstructed as to entirel}^ prevent the passage of teams at any time. Sec. 2. The privileges hereby granted are upon the express condition that the said John N. Coldren & Co., their associates, successors and assigns, shall within eight (8) months from the passage of this ordinance put down three thousand and two hundred (3,200) feet of main pipe within said Iowa City, and that the price of gas to the inhabitants of said city shall be at the following rates, that is to say: whilst the number of private consumers of gas within said city shall be less than two hundred (200), the price of gas shall be five dollars and fifty cents ($5.50) per thousand cubic feet; when the number of private consumers of gas in said city shall be between two hundred (200) and three hundred and fifty (350), the price of gas shall be five dollars ($5.00) per thousand cubic feet; and when the number of private consumers shall exceed three hundred and fifty (350), the price of gas shall be four dollars and fifty cents ($4.50) por thousand cubic feet. Passed April 8, 1870. Gas Bills. — The city pays for 115 lamps — $3,600 — to the Iowa City Gas and Light Company, now owned and controlled b}" J. K. Graves & Co., of Dubuque, Iowa. In 1879 the city council put up about sixty kerosene lamps on the outskirts of the city. THE CITY WATER WORKS. The ordinance under which the water works were erected was passed July 17, 1882. Among other things, it provides, in section 9, for seventy- five hydrants, at :]560 each per year, and $50 each for any additional num- ber the city may order. Free use of water is stipulated for washing streets and alleys, sprinkling public grounds, cleaning fire apparatus, use in city hall, two public fountains, four watering troughs, and as many public drinking faucets on fire hydrants as the city council may order. 686 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Section 12 provides that a tax levy, not to exceed five mills on the dol- lar, may be assessed only on property within the limit of fire protection by the water works. Section 7 provides that " the machinery used in the construction of said works shall consist of one Holly's quadruplex compound condensing pumpin£f engines, in complete working order, and having a capacity to deliver into the mains one and one-half million gallons of water in twenty- four hours. This engine and pumps will consist of four engines and four pumps, and can be run with one, two, three, or four pumps at pleasure of engineer. There shall also be placed in pumping-house a duplex pump of one million gallons daily capacity,'making a daily pumping capacity of two and one half million gallons in twenty-four hours. There shall be erected a stone and brick pumping-house to contain said machinery. Sec. 10. The said grantees, their heirs, or assigns, shall at all times, in case of fire alarm cause a sufficient pressure to be kept up at the fire hydrants in use to throw six streams of water simultaneously out of one and one-fourth inch nozzles or eight streams from one inch nozzles a dis- tance of 150 feet horizontally, or 100 feet perpendicularly from any hydrant or hose attached thereto in the city, such streams to be thrown from at least 150 feet of hose. Sec. 16. The water furnished to said city by said grantees, their heirs, or assigns shall be well filtered, and at all times clean, pure, and wholesome, and all filters shall be cleaned as often as necessary, and all mains, pipes, and hydrants shall be well washed and cleaned at least once a month, or oftener, if necessary. The above are the main points of general public interest, the rest is merely the ordinary working details of the contract between the city corpor- ation and the water-works company. There were to be five and one-fourth miles of main pipes laid, and seventy double discharge fire hydrants ready for service by January 1, 1883. The pumping-house and filter are on the river bank at the junction of Bloomington and Madison streets. ALCOHOL WORKS. The company was organized June 2, 1879. Works started November, 10, 1879. Buildings and machinery cost $50,000. Average run within the last year, 600 bushels per day. Suspended temporarily in 1882 because supply of grain was short, and not a good season for feeding cat- tle. Average number of hands employed, 40 — not including the five U. S. revenue officers. The product was nearly all exported — principally to Spain. Their tax-paying market was Rock Island and New York. Total working capital in the business, $100,000. Have large ice-house; 12 cattle-sheds; 8 cribs, besides other storage room; total capacity of grain storage, 100,000 bushels. Up to October, 1882, no serious accident had ever occurred in these works. GLUCOSE WORKS. Iowa City Grape Sugar Company Works first started March 1, 1881. Cost of grounds, buildings and machinery, $160,000. Present capital in the business $200,000. Daily capacity of works, 2,000 bushels of corn,. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 68T for which three car loads of coal is used. Average number of hands employed 100— two sets: twelve hours on and twelve off. Products last year, total, 12,000 cases of goods. Goods prepared for table use, and sold to wholesale houses, grocers and confectioners. Manufacture grape sugar, glucose, and corn syrups. No accident has ever happened in these work (Sept. 10, 1882). W. P. Coast, president; W.J. Allen, super- intendent; Samuel Sharpless, treasurer; E. G. Fracker, secretary till June, 1882— after that time A. J. Hershire was the secretary. THE IOWA CITY PACKING COMPANY. Situated on the switch of the B., C. R. & N. R. R. in the south part of Iowa City, not far from the distillery. It was completed in the fall of 1881, and the company operated all winter, and until hogs could not be had, then closed up; but opened again Nov. 1, 1882. It is one of the chief business enterprises of Iowa City. Its capacity is 500 hogs per day. The officers of the company are the Hon. Ezekiel Clark, president, and A. C. Younkin, secretary; T. G. Glover, superintendent. There are three car and four wagon shutes for unloading hogs into the pens. The usual parti- tions, gates and means of sorting and separating the animals are used, and the floored pens lead into a way to the platform of the great Victor scale w^hich weighs a car load at a draught. When slaughtering begins the animals are driven from the pens into the elevator, by which they enter the building at the second story. Once inside, they wind up and up approaching the knife by easy stages until they reach the top floor where in a close corner they are ciiught, hung up by the heels, stuck, and passed on to be dropped into the scalding vat. From the time they take the knife till they take the water they pass over and parallel to a trough which catches their blood, as 'die dish did the gore of cock robin. Plunged into the hot bath they go through it, are thrown by a mechanical contriv- ance on to a long table and pass under the hands of the "scrapers." Cleaned of their hair they are gambreled and pass to the "gutters," are disembowled and robbed of their rough lard. "The gambrels are hung on wheels which run on an iron way and carry the hog into the cooling room," a great apartment well aired and with a capacity of 2,200 hogs. Here, still on the gambrels, they are ranged in long rows and allowed to cool off. At the end of each row is a trap door. Below are the dungeons called the "chill room" that holds 3,000 hogs Cages of ice makes its temperature arctic. The carcasses are split and dropped through the traps to be hung up in that cold air, where the last pulse of animal heat is soon chilled and the meat becomes firm and solid. Out of this they go into the cutting room and are cut into the various parts and pieces known to commerce. From this room is one shute for the "long and short clear" and another for the shoulders and hams, through which they go into the "bulking" room below. This room is chilled also,. 688 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. and the temperature is kept even by quadruple sashed windows and thick walls. Here the meat is cured. What becomes of the rest of the hog? To begin with, his blood is caught in that trough away up under his death bed and passes into a great iron pipe and starts back down stairs. His viscera and rough lard are taken from the gutters, and thrown into great tanks and pass thence into retorts nearty full of water. At the upper end of these are pipes which carry off the lard as it rises from the boiling, while the lower ends open and discharge the residue down below. Going down stairs, we enter the "fertilizing room" where the bones, blood and all the offal come for con- version into manure. The iron pipe discharges the blood into vats where it is steam cooked until you can cut it with a knife and it looks like liver. It is then put into the dryer, a device which reduces it to a dry powder and one of the best manures for use on pasture, meadow or corn, and first on the list of the cotton planters, so when we put on a clean shirt we are clad in the hog we slopped and fed and ran after a year before, for his blood has passed in the chemistry of nature, into the cotton plant to per- fect its fiber. To this room come the bones and all of the hog that is uneatable and is reduced to powder and caked for manure. The fine lard is steamed and its "cracklings" come here too. The completion ot this best building and its successful operation for one year are important events in the growth and histor}^ of Iowa City. The following reminiscence of old-time pork enterprise is from the State Press, and comes in here appropriately for comparison with the great modern packing-house above described: "In early days when hogs were not so plenty nor so well bred, there was a packing-house here. It was built, owned and run by the late John Powell, a merchant and factor who wrought great results out of the small opportunities offered by frontier commerce. His pork-house stood not far from the site of the Washington House, west side of the University campus, then the "Capital Square," and in 1851, it stood with its founda- tion in the waters of the great flood and its walls a lonely sentinel over the waste of wet which stretched from the hills on Clear creek west of the Rock Island track to the west line of the campus, and again from the line of hills which close upon the river at Richard Sanders', clear across to the ridge of Gen. Morris' ' Tulip Hill ' farm. In that old house Mr. Powell bulked pork in winter. The hogs were hazel splitters, with lots of lean. The meat was cured and sent to St. Louis in the spring on flat- boats which were poled down the rivers. There it was exchanged for merchandise, which would be brought back on a steamboat." THE GREAT WESTERN BREWERY. One of the largest breweries in the State, is owned by John P. Dostal, and is located on the corner of Gilbert and Market streets. The first building of this brewery was built by Rupert in 1857. Dostal bought this property in 1873, and built the malt house, and in 1877 he built an addition and put in steam. The capacity is 25,000 barrels a year. There HISTDRY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 689 is a cellar under the whole building, and a fine ice house was built in 1878, 150 feet in length, 35 feet wide and 20 feet high. He also manu- factures mineral water. An official report made by collector Davis for 1866 shows that 4,119 barrels of beer were manufactured and sold in Iowa City during that year. June 23, 1867, a fire occurred which destroyed eight buildings, on Iowa avenue and Clinton street. Among them was the first* brick building erected in the city twenty-seven 3'ears before, by a Mr. Bostwick, and of which George T. Andrews was the architect. Mr. Crum's printing office was burned at the same time, after having occupied the same room for twenty-six years. The Iowa City Standard was printed there in 1840. IOWA CITY CONDENSED. At Iowa City steam and river turn many wheels. No. of Employes. Iowa alcohol works 40 Iowa City grape sugar works *75 Iowa City glass works 60 Pearl oat meal mill at Coralville 12 Marsh & Holubar, cornice makers 20 M. T. Close & Sons, paper mill, Coralville 40 M. T. Close & Co., oil mill 30 Val Miller's flour mill, Coralville 10 Iowa City flour mills, Lyman Parsons 6 Ryerson & Son, flour mill 7 Hawkeye machine shops 20 Sheets, Getsburg & Co., planing mill 30 Hotz & Co., brewery ... 6 Englest & Rittenmyer, brewery 8 J. P . Dostal's brewery 10 Jaym, bridge-builder 6 Long & Sons, bridge builders 10 Steam heating shop 10 Broom factory 8 Water works 20 Gas works 10 C, R. I. & P. R. R. Co 30 B., C. R. & N. R. R. Co 30 In addition to this we may add that Iowa City has 3 good banks, 30 benevolent institutions, 15 churches, 25 manufacturing establishments of all kinds, 340 business places, 10 wholesale houses, and the most public buildings of State and county of any city in Iowa. •690 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. ROSTER OF TOWNSHIP OFFICERS FOR 1882. Big Grove Township — J. P., P. B. Andrews, U. C. Brown; constables, W. A. Palmar, Jas. Payn; clerk, M. Schircliff; assessor, A.M. White; trustees, P. Hauptman, A. W. Beuter and Jacob Kessler. Cedar Tozunship.—]. P., Nelson Paxson, Eli Dickey; constable, N. Swaftbrd; clerk, S. M. Bowman; assessor, }. L. Adams; trustees, James Drabek, John E. Adams, and D. Malony. Clear Creek Townshif. — J. P., Geo. W. Watson, Lorenzo Davis; con- stables, David Walker, Pat. Murphy; clerk, John D. Colony; assessor, J. M. Douglass; trustees, Nath. Bovvers, J. C Hamilton. Fremont Tozvnshif. — J. P., Richard Huskins, Eli Fountain; constables, Geo. Edmonds, E. Reppert; clerk, G. W. Hensley; assessor, Isaac Fair- child; trustees, Geo. Pepple, D. Carey, and T. Carl. Graham Township. — J. P., F. A. Beranek and Geo. Atkinson; consta- bles, J. A. Holland, John Lumpa; clerk, J. W. Holland; assessor, Eugene Sullivan ; trustees, Thomas Metcalf, J. M. Huffman and Charles Dingle- berry. Hardin Tozvnshif. — J. P., John Reynolds and Thos. Watson; constable, John Dooleyi clerk, J. R. Heal}-; assessor, Owen T. Gallagy; trustees, Nathan Crow and A. Smith. Iowa City Township. — J. P., G. W. Dodder, D. S. Barber; constables, W. W. Paterson, James Havlik; clerk, L. A. Allen; assessor, J. P. Pisha; trustees, J. N. Clark, F. W. Rabenau and J. P. Pisha. Jefferson Township. — J. P., Geo. C.Andrews, F.J. Pudill; constables, M. Anderson, A. Nerba; clerk, Paul Korab; assessor, Joseph Horak; trustees, Frank Sulek, J. S. Bowersox and J. W. Graham. Liberty Tozvnship. — ^J. P., Gregory Gross, M. Birrer; constables, Anthony Miller, John Melleker; clerk, Gregory Gross; assessor, Jacob Overholtzer; trustees, Jo. S. Ruppencamp, Joseph Hirt and Jones Hart- man. Lincoln Township. — ^J. P., James McFadden and Hugh Crawford; con- stables, John Peckham, Gus. Seiver; clerk, Charles Sheppard; assessor, A. R. Cherry; trustees, A. Sheland, Wm. Dodd and Claus Lutze. Lucas Tozvnship. — J. P., G. R. Irish and AlixKozer; constable, George T. Borland and Wm. Davis; clerk, J. G. Sperry; assessor, S. P. Fry; trustees, Paul Causter, Wm. Hanke and J. G. Crain. Monroe Toxunship. — J. P., A. P. Miller, Graham Thorn; constables, Levi Anderson, Joseph Konasek; clerk, Graham Thorn; assessor, Joseph Konasek; trustees, Josiah Millward, A. D. Slezak, A. Holubar. Madison Township. — J. P., A.J. Rope, James Chamberlain; constable, Samuel AUoway; clerk, R. H. Wray; assessor, M. Young; trustees, James Bridenstine, O. P. Babcock and John Sherman. Newport Township. — J. P., Wm. Shuck, A. M. Hubbard; constables, J. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 091 K. McCallough, Henry Scharf; clerk, Joseph Kost: assessor, Thomas McCallough; trustees, W.J, Mullen, Frank Kasper and James Geary. Oxford Tozvnshi-p. — J. P., Geo. Rentz and W. H. Cotton; constables, John Berline, John Gamble: clerk, S. M. Stouffer; assessor, x\. F. Bos- worth; trustee, John Masten, J. Sherlock, James Hardy. Penn Township. — J. P., Nathan Owens, T. R. Hackett; consatbles, J. F. Price, T. R. Largents: clerk, H. A. White; assessor, S. B. Myers ; trus- tees, Abe Albright, P. Long, Isaac Myers. Pleasant Valley Tozvnship. — J. P., Lewis Miller and Abe Rarick: con- stables, John Hall and Joseph Hart; clerk, Melvin Smith: assessor, Jas. S. Wilson; trustees, Geo. W. Loan, G, B. DeSellem, A. Oathout. Scott.—]. P., J. T. Struble, W. W. Thompson; constables, J. J. Parrott, Jr., Geo. Stagg; clerk, A. O. Price; assessor, Thos. B. Allen; trustees, A. C. Whitacre, John Paulus, Emory Wescott. Sharon Tozvnship. — J. P., T. D. Davis, Geo. W. Wagner; constables, B. B. Hughes, E. Stickler; clerk, J. S. Weeber: assessor, G. A. Yoder; trustees, Jno. T. Jones, J. Durst, R. Johnson. Union Township. — J. P., Jeremiah Nolan, Michael Wagner; constables, Louis Rohret, Henry Weeber; clerk, John J. Bradle}'; assessor, Peter Rohret; trustees, T. O. Thomas, D. R. Lewis, H. Herring. Washington Township. — J. P., Wm. Haines, J. H.McKray; constables, John Archer, Wm. Hamilton; clerk, Peter Kettles; assessor, M. Zimmer- man: trustees, Wilson Murphy, Isaac Gi-aham, D. F. Rogers. COUNTY OFFICERS. Auditor, A. Medowell; sheriff, John Coldren; clerk, Stephen Bradley; treasurer, Hugh McGovern; recorder, J. J. Hatz; surveyor, Ed, Worden; county superintendent, Wilson Blaine; coroner. Will Hohenschuh: board of supervisors, Jas. B. Strang, Bruce Patterson, Geo. Ulch, Frank Tan- ner, John Doerres; county physician, A. C. Rocke}-; county attorney, Samuel H. Fairall. Township Histories. BIG GROVE TOWNSHIP. On April 9, 1845, by the county board it was — Ordered, That township No. 81 north, of range No. 6 west, be and the same is hereby established as a civil township, in Johnson county, and shall be known as "Big Grove township:" That the first election for the organization of said township shall be held at the " Big Grove school house," in said township, on the first Monday of April, 1846. Prior to this date, this territory was included first, in election precinct No. 2, and afterward in Big Grove precinct; for we find, January 9,1842, it was Ordered, That the place of holding elections in the second election pre- cinct be removed from the house of Hamilton H. Kerr, to the town of Solon in said precinct. On April 5, 1843, the above named " second election precinct " was first mentioned in the county records as Big Grove precinct, [See chap- ter on " Earliest Civil Subdivisions."] WHISKY AGENCY IN BIG GROVE. On this day, to-wit, April 6, 1857, it is — Ordered by the county court, that the agency for the sale of intoxicat- ing liquors in the township of Big Grove be and the same is hereby dis- continued and suppressed. Whereupon Presley Connelly, the agent, made settlement, and it was found that there was a balance in his hands of the sum of $153 due the county, which was ordered to be paid into the treasury. clerk's report. M. S. Shircliff', clerk of Solon city, furnishes the following report: Big Grove township was organized in 1845. The first board of trus- tees were D. D. Smith, Warner Stiles and Warner Spurrier. The first clerk was Charles Connelly, and Warner Spurrier was the first assessor. The first official meetings were held at Warren Stiles' house. Jesse McGrew taught the first school; the first schoolhouse w^as built of logs, and was located on Mill creek, about a mile southwest of Solon. The cemetery was first used used in 1840, and is yet in use. The first person buried there was Oscar Allen. There are eight independent school districts in the township, and eight road districts. The present trustees are M. Cor- regan, A. W. Benton and Jacob Kessler. Clerk, J. N. Devalt. [1882.] There is only one postoflice in the township, that of Solon, of which C. G. SwafFord is postmaster since July. Before that Mrs. M. McCune held the office. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 693^ EARLIEST EVENTS. From items furnished mostly by D. A. Pratt, but with some additional points by John Lingle, Strawder Devault and other old settlers, we com- pile the following record of early events in the settlement of what now forms Big Grove township. Settler. Year. Section. Where from. Robert Mathews 36 England. Warren Stiles 1839 26 ... . New York State. Jehiel Parks 1839 36 ... . Ohio. P. C. Brown 1839 13.... Ohio. E. M. and Moses Adams 1839 20 in Cedar twp.— Ohio. Abner Arasmith 1839 32 ... . Ohio. Harvey Lyman 1840 36 Ohio and New York. J. B. McGrew 1839 25 Pennsylvania. A. W. Blain 1840 12 Pennsylvania. W. D. Canon 1840 Ohio and Conn. E. T. Pratt 1840 Ohio and Maine. All of the above are furnished by Mr. Pratt. Mr. Lingle adds the fol- lowing: Charles Fowler 1838 9 . . . . New York. W. Fackler 1838 3 . . . . Indiana. Warner Spurrier 1838 .... . . 15 . . . . Ohio. Charles Connelley 21 Mr. Devault adds: Thomas King 1839 19 Indiana. Strawder Devault 1839 19 Indiana. Mr Lingle reports the first marriage in the settlement was that of Joseph Gros to Elizabeth Goetz, in February, 1841. The second one was Wendell Goetz to Miss Katie Ensinger, Sept. 28, 1841, on section four. The first baby born was Wilber D. Cannon, son of William D. and Julia A. Cannon. [Date not given.] Mr. Lingle reports the first death to have been George Fackler, in 1838 or '39, and buried in the Fackler grove grave yard. The first one given by Mr. Pratt was that of Cotton T. Pratt, who died February 15, 1840 ; buried on section thirty-six. The first physician was a Dr. Adams, who spent the winter of 1839-'.40 with J. B. McGrew. But Dr. James A. Crane was the first one that per- manently located here as a physician. [Date not given.] The first preaching was in a log cabin on section thirty-five, by a Methodist circuit rider named Faree. [No date.] Mr. Pratt reports, the first school was taught by Mrs. Fanny Pratt at her house on section thirty-one in Cedar township (on line between Cedar and Big Grove) in the summer of 1841, charging one dollar per 44 694 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. month per pupil. She afterward married Anderson Meacham, and the first school house was built by the neighbors clubbing together, in 1842; a log house, on the southwest quarter of section twenty-three. But Mr. Lingle reports the first school house as built on section 9, by Chauncy Fowler, in 1843 or '44. He says it was about fourteen feet square — built of round logs : but there was one log left out, and the hole was covered with greased paper for a window. There was no floor; and a big fireplace at one end, with huge back-log and forestick, and then plenty of small wood, served to keep it warm in the coldest days. One report says the first weaving of cloth was done by Mr. Valentine Fackler; and another says, by Mrs. Fanny Pratt. [No date given in either case.] Mr. Pratt relates: "We had to go to mill across Cedar river and on to near where the town of Tipton, the county seat of Cedar county, now stands. In 1840 we paid 50 cents per bushel for corn, and hauled it 25 or or 30 miles. But it was harder times afterward, when we had grain to sell, for we couldn't get money for it at any price." H. H. Kerr built the first house where the town of Solon now stands. The house is now [1882] occupied by A. J. Beuter. FINE STOCK. Charles Pratt, one mile north of Solon, has a herd of thirty-two pure bred Short-Horns; he has been engaged about six years in rearing this breed of cattle. He also has about 600 head of sheep — supposed to be the largest flock now in the county. Charles W. McCune commenced in 1876 the breeding of Short-Horn cattle. He bought a herd of twenty-five pure bred importd Short-Horns, from the well-known Boothe and Bates strains of this favorite English breed. The prices he paid for this herd ranged from $150 to $1,400 per head. He has made two sales — the first in 1878, when he sold fifty head of pure breds; the second, in August, 1880, when he sold sixty head. He now [2882] has but nine head left of the imported thorougbreds. ORCHARDS. Rudolph Stortzer, on section 6, has an orchard of about 500 trees — mostly apples of winter varieties. He says the Fulton and Ben Davis are the best varieties for this climate. Charles Pratt has a fine orchard of about seven acres. [See fruit list for Johnson county in chapter on "Agriculture, Horticul- ture, etc."] ACCIDENTS. Peter Stortzer, who lived on section 6, was killed in April, 1864, by a harrow faUing on him. He was loading it into a wagon, when by some mishap it fell back, knocking him dow^n, and one of the teeth pierced into his head just by the ear, from which he died in a very short time. This hap- pened but a few rods west of where Rudolph Stortzer now lives. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 695 August 14:, 1865, Sebastian Heid, son of John Heid, Sr., was walking on a board in the saw mill on section 28, when the board tipped and threw him across a buzz saw which was in motion. It sawed him completely through from one shoulder to the opposite hip, of course killing him instantly. In the summer of 1862, Dr. Greis, of Solon, saw a storm coming up and went out to fix up his rain barrel, when he was struck by lightning and instantly killed. CREEKS. In the early settlement days a Mr. Clarkson fell into an unknown stream- He said laughingly that he had been "dipped in Jordan." The joke hitched on so well to the disputes about true Bible baptism that it was kept agoing; and that stream has been called Jordan creek ever since. Mill creek was so called from the first saw mill in the township being located on it, in 1839. Lingle creek was named after Thomas Lingle, who built a flouring mill on this stream in 1840. MILLS. The first saw mill built in Big Grove township, was by Anthony Sells, on section 29, in 1839. It was an upright saw. The first flouring mill was built by Thomas Lingle in 1840, on section 9, on the stream which has ever since been known as Linorle creek. This mill was built of hewed logs, sixteen feet square and two stories high. The burrs were made of "niggar head" stones and found here on the prairies; they ground corn, wheal, and buckwheat, which were all sifted in the same bolt. The people for twenty miles around flocked here to get grinding done. The Lingle mill kept running for eight or nine years. There is now a small mill at the same place, owned by F. Riddle, a Bohemian gentleman, and is known as the "Bohemian Mill." There is a stone quarry on section 35, on the old Joseph Beuter farm, which has been worked more than thirty years. Mr. Beuter quarried stone there before his death, and also burned lime there. The rock burns into excellent lime, and also furnishes good stone for building purposes. There are several smaller quarries along the bluffs. There are three or four ancient mounds on the northwest quarter of section 27. There are from four to five feet high, about thirty feet across, and have trees fourteen inches thick growing on them. They lie along the backbone of the divide in a southeast direction, about a hundred feet apart. Mr. Rudolph Stortzer, now living on section 6, an old and successful hunter, one day shot a female deer that had a horn about a foot long, with four prongs on one side of her head — the only instance he ever heard of where a doe had horns. Mrs. Anastasia Beuter, a lady eighty years old and now living on sec- 696 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. tion 35, has a powder horn which is. marked thus: "Made by James Taylor, September 27, 1857, at Fort Edward." The inscription is cut into the horn in large plains letters, besides several fancy and ornamental figures. This relic has been in the family a great many years. The oldest person in Big Grove township is Christian Hess, who was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in September, 1800, and came to Iowa in 1868. He was Hving and enjoying good health in September, 1882. Jacob F. Gobin, now living on section 13, started the first drug store in Johnson county, at Iowa City, in 1841. ALPHONSO B. NEWCOMB was born at Enfield, Connecticut, April 10, 1805. His grandfather was a physician in that place, and married the daughter of Gov. Terry of Con- necticut. His father moved to the vicinity of Rochester, N. Y., when Alphonso was but a child, and after serving as a lieutenant-colonel in the war of 1812, and while holding the office of custom-house officer at the mouth of the Genessee river, died when the subject of this sketch was about ten years of age, leaving the family dependent upon their own exertions. Alphonso began the battle of life as cabin boy on a lake steamer, and gradually worked his way up the rounds of sailor life. But when com- paratively a young man he left the lakes and engaged in the mercantile business in Pontiac, Michigan. He was then connected with the Hud- son's Bay Fur Co., and traveled extensively through the great Northwest, then uninhabited save by wild animals and the yet wilder red men. He came to Iowa City in 1841, and was the builder of the dam, and'one one of the owners of the flouring-mills first erected where Coralville now stands. During the "gold fever " of 1850 he was one of the bold " Argonauts " who undertook the long and perilous journey " across the plains," leaving Iowa City on the 15th of April, 1840. Accompanied by his wife and lit- tle daughter, he began his pilgrimage toward the setting sun. The adventurous journey was accomplished with their slow-moving oxen in about five months. He went to Butte county, California, and for nine years divided his time between mining, lumbering, and selling goods. He was the first postmaster at Bidwell's Bar, the town at which he was located, and erected extensive saw-mills at Berry Creek, seven miles from that place. At the end of nine years, having met with varying fortune, and his health beginning to fail, he returned to " the states " b}^ the way of South America, in which country he spent some time. Landing at New York, he made a short tour through several of the eastern states, but finally came back to Iowa City. He remained there but a short time and then moved to a farm twelve miles north of that place, upon which he lived quietly for sixteen years. At the end of that time he sold his farm HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 697 and moved to the neighboring village of Solon, where he spent the remaining six years of his life. He died of heart disease on the 9th of June, 1882, after an illness of two weeks, at the ripe age of 77 years. THE TOWN OF SOLON. The Solon Reaper, of date July 28, 1882, published a sketch of the vil- lage history, from which we glean a few points: The founder of Solon, as far as information can be ascertained, is one John West, who it is said laid out the first town proper of Solon in the year 1842.* The same became vacated for some reason or other in 1847. In the year 1850, H. H. Kerr and P. B. Anders resurrected the vacated town proper and laid out in lots the town of Solon the second time. John Brakel was the first who started in business here, opening a black- smith shop in the year 1843, and continuing the same many years. P. B. Anders opened in the same line in 1848. The first hotel, or rather an inn, was put up by George Gruel in 1850. In the year 1870, the citizens of Solon were made happy by the news of the approach of the iron horse, from Burlington north, through here, and great joy and enthusiasm prevailed. Since the construction of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern rail- way, the town remained quiet, people came and went, and nothing of much importance happened until the year 1877, when the town was incor- porated and made its own laws for its citizens to abide by. The first meeting of the officers of the incorporated town was held July 2, 1877, which consisted of the following: Mayor, A. B. Newcomb. Councilmen, P. N. Connelly, D. R. Randall, John Hess, Geo. Mattas, R. C. Caldwell. Recorder, Wm. Buchanan. Marshal, F. A. Heinsius. The officers elected in March, 1882, were: Mayor, A. P. Walker. Trustees, D. A. Pratt, Geo. Corrigan, D. R. Randall, J. H. Fisher, W. A. Palmer, A. C.Swafford. Marshal, Jos. Pitlik. Recorder, M. S. Shircliff. BUSINESS DIRECTORY OF SOLON. L. M. Lawyer, dry goods and groceries. Shirclifl^" & Fisher, dry goods and groceries. Swafford Bros., dry goods and groceries. A. Serovy, dry goods and groceries. W. T. Pratt, dry goods and millinery. W. T. Pratt, hardware and drugs. Otto Heinsius, drugs. A. Serovy, City Hotel. Mrs. C Palmer, Palmer House. Joseph Pauba, dealer in implements and grain buyer. Joseph Pitlik, harness. Jacob Pauba, Solon mills. *Mr. Kerr says it was on the 25th, 26th and 27th of October, 1840 (not '43), that he and West first platted and staked off the town. 698 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Phillip Duel, furniture. E. M. Burj^ess, physician. J. S. Grain, physician. Otto Heinsius, physician. E. M. Rogers, physician. D. A. Pratt, lumber dealer. G. A. Mattas, lumber dealer. Joseph Payn, restaurant. C. H. Palmer, livery. Caldwell & Pratt, livery. A. C. Swafford, lawyer. T. C. Brockel, blacksmith. W. Jedlcika, blacksmith. John R. Hess, wagon-maker. D. M. Rogers, confectionery and books. Catholic Church. M. E. Church. German Evangelical Church. John Egermeyer, meat market. Joseph Wlach, meat market. Kucera & Zajicek, shoemakers. Fisher & Beck, Solon brewery. John Kurtz, saloon. Joseph Wlach, saloon. John Egermeyer, saloon. Frank Veshek, saloon. Mrs. T. Kintz, saloon. THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Solon is especially proud of her graded schools, in the higher depart- ment of which Latin is taught, as preparatory for entering the State Uni- versity. It is reported that the first school house in the town of Solon was built by or known as the C. H. Palmer school house. (No date given.) In 1879 the corporation built a fine two-story frame school house, with a tower — four rooms, and seating capacity for 500 (?); cost :p3,400. The. graded school was organized in November, 1878. The first school board consisted of the following gentlemen: Secretary, A.J. Beuter; treasurer, L. M. Lawyer; directors, D. A. Pratt, P. B. Anders, and W. E. Kester. The first teachers in the graded school were four in number, as follows: W. H. Martin, principal. Miss Lillie Harvey, assistant principal. Miss Minnie Sterrett, intermediate. Miss Annie Nedobety, primary. The number of pupils enrolled was 200, the actual full attendance was 165. The present officers of the school board are as follows: D. A. Pratt, president; F. J. Wertner, secretary; Chas. Pratt; L. M. Lawyer, treasurer. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 699 The present board of teachers are, for 1882-83: A. B. Sargent, principal. Miss Emma J. Vandenbury, grammar department. Miss Edith H. McDonnell, intermediate department. Miss Laura M. Connelly, primary department. The teachers and pupils have commenced and made good progress toward establishing a school library. The people were so proud of their new school that in 1879 they had a nice pamphlet printed, containing the officers' and teachers' names, the rules adopted, the school calendar, the schedule of studies, etc., all in high-toned city style. CHURCHES. The Methodist Episcopal Church of Solon was organized about 1840. Tie original members were: Warren Spurrier and wife, W. D. Cannon and wife, Mrs. Fannie Pratt, J. B. McGroove, Father H. Lyman and wife, Mrs. Eleanor Pryce, John West and wife, Mary Lyon, and a few others. In 1855 Mr. Paul B. Anders gave two lots and twenty dollars toward building a church, and that year a frame church was erected; this old building is now used as a barn by William Pratt. In 1879 the present church was erected. This commodious structure is also a frame* 38x50 feet, and cost about $2,800. It was dedicated December 21, 1879' by Rev. Frank Baxton, Rev. J. T. Crippen and Dr. Miller, presiding, elder. The following have been its pastors: Revs. Free, Briar, Bush- nell, Kendig, Brown, Critchfield, Taylor, Black, Lanton, Hankins, Skin- ner, Young, Dimmitt, Johnson, Ward, Kynett, Hokyn, Miller, Haskin Moore, Hammond, Snider, Younkin, and Bradford, the present pastor Solon was first supplied as a mission on Cedar Rapids circuit. It was afterward connected with Iowa City circuit, and was served in this way from 1840 to 1855, when the first church was built. The present mem- bership is fifty. St. Mary's Catholic Chtirch of Solon was organized in 1850. The original members were E. McDonnell, A. Walter, Joseph Beuter, A.* Stehle, Jacob Stehle and Fidel Kessler. The first building was a frame, and was built by Father Emonds in 1858. The present church was erected in 1875; this is a brick and cost $5,000; it was dedicated in May, 1882, by Bishop McMullen, of Davenport. Its pastors have been. Father Emonds, Father Spochek, Father John, Father Schmeller, and Father John, the present pastor. There is a burying ground connected with the church. St. yohii's Evanorelical Lutheran Church was organized in 1856. The original members were, George, Jane, Elias and M. A. Stream, John Mahring and Doretha Mahring. They have a frame church, situated on section 5, Big Grove township, erected in 1858 and '59, at a cost of $800, and was dedicated January 1, 1860, by J. G. Shaffer. Its pastors have 700 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. been, Rev. C. Baird, Jesse Halstead, R. C. Baird, A. M. Tanner, Wm. Leslie, Rev. Settlemeyer, B. F. Mills, S. Knight, and J. K. Bloom. The present membership is twenty-three. Of the original members John Mahring is the only one now living. The land for the church was given by Christopher Fuhrmeister. There is a flourishing Sunday school con- nected with the church of about seventy-five scholars; Mr. Henry Fuhr- meister is superintendent. The German Lutheran Zion Church oi Solon, was organized in 1876. The original members were Henry Hertz and wife, John Brackel and wife, John Huber and wife, Christian Shoup and wife, Jacob Rohring and Miss Myers. They • first met in the school house in district No. 2, and afterwards held meetings in the school house in Solon, and then in the Presbyterian Church until July, 1882, when their new church building was completed. This is a neat frame structure and cost about $1,000. It was dedicated by Rev. O. Hartman, of Iowa City, assisted by Rev. Ide, Rev. Blessin and Rev. Mordorf. Its pastors have been Rev. Herlein, Rev. Ide, and Rev. Hartman, the present pastor. Present membership eight fami- lies, or about forty members. The Presbyterian Church in Solon was 'built in 1867, at a cost of $3,600, and was dedicated in 1868. But since that time most of the mem- bers have moved away, and meetings are not kept up. CEMETERY. The present cemetery was first laid out some time in ISlo or '46, by D. D. Smith, on section 23, and Warren Spurrier's son was the first person buried in the new graveyard. Cotton E. Pratt, who died February 15, 1840, on section 36, and was buried on section 3, in Cedar township; was taken up and removed to the new ground. Also, John E. Adams, who died later in the same year as Pratt, and was buried at the same place; was removed to the new bur3ang ground. In 1872 a company consisting of E. A. Brown, J. G. Brown, Eben Adams, Moses Adams, Charles Pratt and Charles W. McCune, bought five acres of land adjoining, and incor- porated the " Oakland Cemetery." It now contains six acres, on a rise of ground one mile northwest from Solon. On section three there is what is called the Fackler's Grove burying ground, containing about one acre. George Fackler was the first person buried there. LODGES. Wayfaring Lodge JVo. j8j, A. K. and A. J/"., was instituted by dispen- sation, June 17, 1868, date of charter, June 7, 187!>. The charter mem- bers and first officers were: E. M. Burgess, W. M.; I. B. Grant, S. W.; A. Medowell, J. W.; R. A. Keen. Sec'y.; R. P. Mulock, Treas.; John Chisman, R. C. Caldwell, A. O.Lake and Chas. W. McCune. The charter was surrendered in 1880, the Lodge not being able to secure a suitable hall by renting, and not strong enough to build one. \ HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 701 THE SOLON MILLS. The flouring and saw mill at Solon, was built in 1873, by Akerly & Carney. They failed, and it fell into thands of the Solon Mill Company, consisting of L. M. Lawyer, E. M. Adams, C. W. McCune and Charles Pratt. They increased it to three run of burrs; and sold it June 2, 1881, to Jacob Panba, who still owns it, and is doing a good business. L. M. Lawyer served as post master of Solon for twelve years. CREAMERY. The Solon J^eaper, oi ]u\y 28, 1882, published the following statements: The Solon Creamery, Fisher & Beck, proprietors, was built Oct., 1880. The whole building is 2,106 square feet, and is divided into departments as follows: The cheese, 26x31 feet; creamery, 22x30 feet; ice house, 20x24 feet; and the engine room, 10x16 feet. The capacity is from 800 to 1,000 lbs. per day, but at present only making about 250 lbs. per day, the season being very backward with them as well as with others. The number of pounds of butter made the first year reached 18,000, and this year they expect it will reach between 40,000 and .50,000. This creamery is fitted up with all the modern improvements, and run b}^ steam. CEDAR TOWNSHIP. January 7th, 1846, on the petition of the inhabitants of township No. 81 north, of range No. 5 west, of the 5th principal meridian, praying for township organization, etc., it is " Ordered, that all that part of Johnson county known as congressional township No. 81 north, of range 5 west, of the 5th principal meridian, be and the same is hereb}^ organized into a civil township, to be known by the name of 'Cedar township,' and that the first election shall be held at the house of Philo Haynes, in said township." Mr. John L. Adams, the township clerk, reports that the township now contains nine independent school districts. The equalized value of real estate for 1881 was $9.55 per acre. The personalty was $58,273. Road tax levy, 2 mills; total road tax, $551.97. There are ten road districts. The township officers in 1882 were: Trustees, J. M. Douglass, John E. Adams, D. Maloney; assessor, W.J. McCune; clerk, John L. Adams. EARLY EVENTS. Reports were furnished by Moses Adams, John McCune, James Buchanan and E. A. Brown, from which we gather the following points of pioneer history : James Buchanan settled here on section 24, in April, 1838. He came here from Cedar county, Iowa, but was originally from Cleveland, Ohio. A. C. Sutliff came here in September, 1838, took his claim, made some hay, and then went back east; but returned and settled here in January, 1839. He was from Trumbull county, Ohio. Thomas Prague settled on section 22, in 1838. He was from Pennsyl- vania. 702 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Isaac Dennis, 1838, on section 23. Joshua King, spring of 1838, on section 2 or 4; he was from Indiana. Jesse B. McGrew, in 1838. Mathew Cavanagh and a man named Pendleton are reported as coming in 1838. E. A. Brown came March 6, 1839, and settled on section 31 ; he came here from Warren county, Illinois, but was originally from New York state. Moses Adams, from Ohio, settled on section 20, in July, 1839. The first baby born in the new settlement was Jesse B. SutlifF, born December 22, 1839, child of Allen C. and Nancy Sutlift: The first marriage was that of Eben M. Adams to Miss Henrietta Lyons, on March 9th, 1840, at Mrs. Lyons' house on section 31, where Mr. Adams now lives (1882.) The first death was Thomas Prague, in 1838 or '39; he was buried on section 23. The first physician was Dr. Joseph Adams, from Maine, who was here in February, 1840, but did not stay. Dr. Jesse Bowen, of Iowa City did most of the early doctoring in this settlement. The first preacher was Rev. Uriah Free, a Methodist circuit rider, in 1839. In 1842 or 1843 a Congregationalist missionary named Aldin, from Connecticut, preached at Harry Sutliff's house. The first school was taught by Daniel F. McCune, in a log school house, on section 3, near A. C. Sutlift^'s place, on the line between sections Sand ]0. The house was built by the neighbors clubbing together, in the winter of 1844-.5. It was of hewed logs; had slab benches, and a big open fireplace. Mr. McCune had sixteen or eighteen scholars, and received $10 per month. He died in Solon. The first weaving in the neighborhood was done by Mrs. Samuel Trot- ter, on section 16. No date. The county board appointed the first Cedar township election to be at the house of Philo Haynes, in the spring of 1846. But Moses Adams reports that the first election was at Thomas Prague's house, though no date is given. Moses Adams was the man who got the first grist of wheat that ever was ground in Johnson county. This was in the fall of 1839, at Switzer's mill, on Clear Creek. The flour was not bolted. The people of this settlement went mostly to Davenport instead of Muscatine for their store trade and river business, before Iowa City began to be a trading place. There is no post-office in Cedar township now, 1882. FERRY, MILL, ETC. The ferry across Cedar river was established by A. C. SutHfF, in 1841. Stone to build the first capitol of Iowa (now the central building of the HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 703 State University group), was crossed on this ferry, and hauled to Iowa City by ox teams. A ferry boat has been maintained here ever since started by Mr. Sutlifi'. It is now owned and run by James McClellan. A saw mill was built on section -23, about 1846, by Philo Haynes, and was kept up ten or twelve years. Moses Adams relates that in 1843 the ice on Cedar river was so thick and solid that people crossed on it freely and safely as late in the spring as the 7th day of April. In 1851 A. Heller was drowned in Cedar river, on section 23, while fish- ing with a seine. CHURCHES. SL Peter and St. Paul CCitholic Church (Bohemian), of Cedar town- ship, was organized November, 1861. The original members were John Brush, James Ulch, John Ilik, Sr., John Fiala, Sr., Anton Dvorak, Frank Svejkovsky, Joseph Drable and Albert Maly, Sr. They have a stone church, erected in 1866, at a cost of $1,300. It was dedicated by Father Urban. Its pastors have been Father Anton Urban, Father Frank Chmelar and Father John Zlpeik. The present membership is 70. [No other particulars furnished.] The Catholic Church (Irish), of Cedar township, was organized in 1863. The original members were Mathias Canfield, Thomas Noland, Patrick Larkin, James Brennen, John Peters, Michael Donahue, Michael Beecher, Patrick Beecher, James Beecher, D. Mahony, Thomas Ryan, Michael Harty, Thomas Butler, Thomas Wall, James Cahen and others. Their first frame church building was erected in 1863, and was dediceted by Father Emonds of Iowa City; the present building was erected in 1868, at a cost ot $1,800, without seating; this is also a frame, and was dedica- ted by Father McCabe, of Wilton. Its pastors have been Father Emonds,. Father Quigley, Father Welch, Father McCabe, Father Downey, Father Sullivan, Father McCabe, of Mechanics ville, Father O'Riley and Father Burke, the present priest. There are forty acres belonging to the church which was bought by the original members. They have a burying ground of about two acres. BURYING GROUND. There is a grave yard comprising one acre, on section 10, on the SutM farm. The first person buried here was Mrs. Ruth Sutlifi; who died August 7, 1843. Samuel H. Sutliff died September 30, 1843, and was the second burial here. FINE STOCK. J. G. Bowen and sons, on section 33, are extensively engaged in rais- ing thoroughbred Short-horn cattle. They commenced in June, 1878, with a few choice animals; and now, September, 1882, their herd num- bers seventy-five thoroughbreds, and 130 grades. Their herd is headed by Constance Airdrie, No. 25,998, and Constance Waterloo, No. 38,044, 704 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. of the American Herd Book. Their farm, called "Cedar Park," contains 900 hundred acres, and is one of the hest stock farms in this part of Iowa. John E. Adams, on section 32, has a herd of nine thoroughbred Short- horns— all recorded animals. John P. McCune, on section 9, commenced in 1875 to breed Short-horns, and now has a herd of forty thoroughbreds- — ^all recorded stock. Shee^. — Samuel Spurrier, on section 19, is making a specialty of sheep raising, and has 450 head of medium grades. Bees. — ^J. M. Adams, on section 22, has 140 swarms of bees — the native black and Italian bees interbred. He says white clover is the main honey feed with him, and that the bees will make about fifty pounds of honey to each hive during the season, besides enough for their own winter sup- ply. He uses the Langstroth hive — thinks it the best. CLEAR CREEK TOWNSHIP. By an order of the county board, iVpril 8, 1841, all of Johnson county west and south of the Iowa river was made election precinct No. 3, or Clear Creek. The first election was to be at the house of John Hawkins, on Clear Creek; and David Switzer, Jesse McCart and Nathaniel Fellows, were appointed as judges. (See Chapter I, Part 2, of the County History.) February 10, 1846, it was by the county board, Ordered, that all that part of Johnson county contained in the following bounds, to-wit: Commencing at the northwest corner of township 79 north, range 6 west, thence north two miles, thence west one mile, thence north one mile, thence west to the west line of township 80, range 7 west, thence north to the northwest corner of said township 80, range 7, thence west to the county line, thence south to the center of township 79 north, range 8 west, thence east to the west line of township 79, range 6, thence north to place of beginning, be and the same is hereby set apart as a civil township and shall be known as "Clear Creek Township," and that the first election shall be held at the house ot Bryan Dennis in said township. The above boundaries included the north half of what is now Hardin township, the two north tiers of sections of Union township, and all of Oxford except the narrow strip between the Iowa river and the north line of town 80. The changes of boundaries which reduced Clear Creek township to its present size and shape will be found in the histories of the several townships originally included as above. TOWNSHIP MATTERS. Clear Creek precinct took its name from Clear Creek — called in the Indian tongue Cafl-haniinct^ clear water, — a beautiful stream taking its rise in Iowa county and dividing this township in two parts in very nearly the middle. Clear Creek precinct included all of present Clear Creek township, all of Penn township, all of Madison and Oxford townships, all west of present township line to county line, all south to the congressional HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 705 township line; and yet the voters who assembled at the first township meeting held at the house of Bryan Dennis, numbered not more than twenty. Here are two papers yellow with age out of a bundle of like sort preserved by B, Dennis. One is of interest as supposed to be the last "precinct" election notice; the other, the election notice on the license question, which then, as now created no little excitement and ill-feeling. Territory of Iowa, ( Board of Commissioners' Office^ Johnson County. \ Ji^^y Session, 184.^. Ordered, that John Conn, John Keeler and Bryan Dennis, be and hereby are appointed judges of elections for Clear Creek precinct for the ensuing year. A true copy. Attest: Stephen B. Gardener, Clerk B. C. April Election. — Notice is hereby given that on the first Monday, the 3d day of April next, an election will be held at the house of Bryan Dennis, Clear Creek township, Johnson county. State of Iowa, for the purpose of electing one Superintendent of Public Instruction, for said state, one School Fund Commissioner, for said county: A vote will also be taken for and against Grocery License — which election will be opened at nine o'clock a. m., and continue open until six o'clock p. m. of the same day. Iowa City, February 13, 1848. Stephen Gardener, Clerk B. C. C. J. C. Its first board of trustees were, Archibald Gilliland, Ebenezer Doug- lass and H. H. Winchester; first clerk, Bryan Dennis; first assessor, Almon H. Humphry. The official meetings of the board were held at Bryan Dennis' residence. So also were public meetings of all sorts; like- wise public elections or discussions. CLEAR creek TOWNSHIp's NEW BOUNDARY. On the petition of citizens of Clear Creek township, filed July 6, 1857, it is — Ordered by the county court, that the boundaries of Clear Creek town- ship be as follows: Commencing at the southeast corner of section 1, township 79 north, range 7 west, thence north on the range line to the northeast corner of section 25, township 80, range 7, thence west one mile to the northwest corner of section 25, thence north one mile to the section line, thence west on the section line to the northwest corner of section 19, township 80, range 7, thence south along the range line to the southwest corner of section 6, township 79 north, range 7, thence east along the section line to the place of beginning. SCHOOLS, valuations, ROADS, ETC. There is but one district township in this township and six sub-districts. The school tax last year for all purposes, teachers' fund, contingent, and school house, was $1,923. The school-house of sub-district No. 3 was burned in 1882. Supposed origin of fire was the stove falling apart. It was an old stove, used since the house was first built, and long since condemned as unsafe. The school house has been rebuilt the present summer (1882), but is not nearly as large or good a building as its predecessor. A mistaken idea of economy 706 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. in the school board has caused the house to be built on reduced scale, but it can probably be ^ot along with for several years. The burned build- ing was built many years ago on land near Mr. A. J. Bond's residence, but as it was somewhat to one side of the sub-district was a cause of some sharp discussions until it was removed to the site where it was burned, thoroughly overhauled and repaired, and was considered the best school- house in the township. The equalized value of the real estate in the township was, last year, [1881], $148,951. The personalty, $40,101. The township is divided into nine road districts, which, like all others in Iowa, are indifferently worked under the present utterly inefficient road laws. The levied rate of road tax was four mills to the dollar; insufficient for a township so cut up with creeks as to require double the road work of a township otherwise irrigated. The total amount of road tax is $756.20. The whole amount of township tax for all purposes $2,679.20. The present officers of the township are Jno. D. Colany, clerk; S.J. Pleymesser, assessor; J. C. Hamilton, Chas. Slaght, G. W. Watson trustees. THE TOWN OF TIFFIN. The C, R. I. & P. R. R., was completed in 1860, but was of little prac- tical benefit to the township, although passengers were let on and oft' trains at Copi, the township post-office, until Tiffin was laid out as a town. The land on which the town is situated was a part of the farm belong- ing to Rolla Johnson, Esq., who named the town Tiffin, after Tiffin, O., the city from which Mr. J. originally hailed. Mr. Johnson about this time sold his farm, and Tiffin interests passed into other hands. By Tiffin, the country for five miles radiating in any given direction is supposed to be meant, as the farmers included in this circle deal largely here; attend one of the two churches, and form a community which for social good qualities, superior culture, and general intelligence, is seldom surpassed in country neighborhoods. Tiffin proper contains about 50 souls for its eniire population. Has one dry goods and grocery store, R. Morse proprietor. Tiffin contains hotel accommodations at the Beam House. Messrs. Chas. Hubner and Antoine Colby are the village blacksmiths. Dr. Steele has here his oftice, and dispenses drugs and medicines. Mr. J. K. Snyder, carpenter, is also engaged in bee keeping. He commenced this year (1882"), with forty swarms; has doubled their num- ber, and secured thus far over 3,000 pounds of strained honey, besides large quantities of honey in boxes. During the wet weather of the past spring, he purchased buckwheat and gave to farmers to plant on ground that had been inundated till the corn was killed, and is now (September) reaping his harvest of buckwheat honey. HISTORV OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 707 Mr. RoUa Johnson, near Tiffin, is also a large bee keeper, with consid- erable success. Also, Mr. S. J. Plymesser, Ed. Craig, J. R. Willis and others have kept a large number of swarms for family use, and generally have more than they can use. Mr. Craig has taken several premiums at county fairs on honey. The largest business done in Tiffin is the lumber and grain business of Plymesser & Douglass, and the stock business of Wm. Wolfe. Tiffin is the only post-office in Clear creek township, and Bryan Dennis is the postmaster. The Christian Chapel is located in a beautiful grove in Tiffin. The Grace Methodist Episcopal Church is on the state road, a few rods north of the town. FREMONT TOWNSHIP. In all the county records from 1838 till 1882 we could not find anything to show when Fremont township was organized, or received its name and boundaries, and first order for a township election. The present town- ship clerk of Fremont reported it organized in 1857, but we could find no record to vouch for it. However, like Pinkerton's detectives, the very name "Fremont," gave us a clue, and we followed it. In 1856 Gen. John C. Fremont was the first republican candidate for president. On hunting up the presidential vote of that year we found that Pleasant Valley town- ship (which then included the territory now called Fremont) gave the following vote: For Fremont, (republican) 8-t; for Buchanan, (democrat) 60; for Fillmore, (whig) 4. This was in November, 1856, and the returns from Johnson county did not show any township or precinct named Fre- mont — but by its remarkable majority for Fremont in that historic elec- tion the township had named itself; for we found at the next election, held April 6, 1857, that "Fremont" was in the list of townships for the first time, and it cast 47 votes in favor and 6 against Johnson county subscrib- ing $175,000 to the capital stock of the "Iowa Union Railroad Company." This shows that the township clerk, Mr. G. W. Hensley, is probably correct, notwithstanding the deficiency of the county record. And com- bining his report with the facts presented by the election statistics of 1856 and 1857, it is safe to say that Fremont township was organized, or held its first election, April 6, 1857. Pleasant Valley was organized as an election precinct July 8, 1845, and as a civil township February 10, 1846; and it included the territory now called Fremont township. June 8th, 10th and 11th, 1870, Lincoln township was organized out of what was then Pleasant Valley township, and the boundaries given show that Fremont was not then included in Pleasant Valley. So the only thing that can be proved by the county records is, that in 1856 Pleasant Valley township $132,980; and of personal property, $34,551. There are five road dis- tricts. Road tax levy, 5 mills; 4 in labor and 1 in money; total amount of road tax, $837.65; total tax levy for all purposes, 20^ mills ; total amount of tax for all purposes, $2,251.72. The present township officers are Frank Pudil and George C. Ander- son, justices; Martin Anderson and Joseph Horah, constables; J. W. Graham, clerk; Joseph Buresh, P. A. Korab and J. S. Bowersock, trustees. The inhabitants of this township are very largely of Bohemian nation- ality, and the township has the honor of being the birthplace of Mr. Bohumil Shimek, whose valuable studies of the natural history and zoology of Johnson county will be found in Chapter IX, Part 3. W. R. Roberts related that Charles Kalos was drowned in July, 1881 by jumping oft' the iron bridge into the Iowa river, at what is known as Roberts' ferry. Four days after he was found by W. R. Roberts and D. Von Stein, about three miles below lodged on a birch bush. Rev. Shiflet saw him make the fatal leap. He was a hard working Bohemian. Cause unknown. LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. February 10, 1846, Ordered, that alf that part of Johnson county con- tained in the following bounds, to-wit: Commencing at the south line of the county on the west bank of the Iowa river, thence up the river to the south line of township 79 north, range 6 west, thence west to the south- 722 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. west corner of said township, thence north to the center of the west line of said township, thence west to the center of township 79, range 7, thence south to the county line, thence east to the place of beginning, be and the same is hereby set apart as a civil township, and shall be called and known as Liberty Township, and the first election shall be held at the house of John Smith." The above boundaries iucluded all ot the present Liberty township, besides the southeast one-fourth of Union township, and the east half of Sharon township. (See history of those townships.) Union was formed by itself, March 6, 185J:; and Sharon, Feb. 1, 1858. The earliest township record in existence is 1852. The first clerk was Jacob Keppler; they have six sub-school districts; taxable {property in 1882 was in land, $133,-J:10; personal, $37,665; road tax, four mills on all taxable property. This township has in 1882 one post-office, named Bon Accord, of which Joseph Hirl is postmaster. Liberty towmship has a small stream called "Dirty-face creek," because a familv by the name of Morris lived upon it, and had so many children with frightfully dirty faces. The old man died from drinking too much "Wahoo bitters." The farm upon which Morris lived is now owned by Mr. Guffin, on section 19, in Sharon township. Picayune creek got its name from a business transaction. A certain man on that creek charged his neighbor a picayune [6^ cents] for salting his calf; the man was old Squire Figg, who paid the price, and out of revenge called the creek upon which the family lived "Picayune creek." Fessler creek, so-called because Jack Fessler was the first settler on that stream. Mellow grave-yard in Liberty township, is the first one dedicated to the public, and contains about one-quarter acre. Henry Earhart's grave- yard contains about one-half acre, and is situated on his farm. The Over- holster grave-yard contains about three-fourths of an acre, and is on their farm. Th*^ Dunkards have a congregation in Hartman's settlement. The United Brethren had a congregation, but Hon. John W. Porter, of Iowa City, took the building for debt, and the congregation is broken up. The first school teacher was Michael Cline, he died in Washington ■county. SOUTH LIBERTY. It is situated on section 17, in Liberty township. The name of the post- office is Bon Accord. This little village was laid out in 1856, by Vincent Gross. It had a blacksmith shop, a saddle and harness shop and one store. Charles Wrede kept the first store and was the first postmaster he died in July, 1880, and his wife died in August, 1881. The first physician in this township was Dr. Sabin, who settled there in 1864; he died in Pleasant Valley township, in 1878. The first school was on Picayune creek, in a cooper shop. The town- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 723 ship election was first held in this building. The first school house was built on Jacob Oberholtzer's land, on what is called "Hog Back Ridge." It got this name from 'Squire Figg, who was mad at the people on that side because they kept a bad lot of hogs. There is a grave-yard near South Liberty, established in 1860, on John Mentzer's farm. Mary Gross, daughter of T. Sebault and wife of George Gross, was the first person buried there. The second preacher was a Presbyterian, named Samuel Storrs Howe; he preached for the Lutherans at the school house. He is still living, in Iowa City. The Methodists held meetings at the Hog Ridge school house about the same time, and the religious services were conducted by J. D. Templin, of Iowa City, who^afterwards became a prominent lawyer, and died in 1S82. He was the first minister to preach in the township. Gregory Gross was the first justice of the peace, in 1848, and has been justice of the peace ever since. Mart. Bims is the other justice of the peace. ACCIDENTS. Fred Fessler was killed while running a horse race with young Figg; his horse ran against a wagon and crushed his breast, and he died the next morning after suffering great pain . Mart. Earhart accidentally shot himself and died in about five hours. S. Runnelhart accidentall}'^ shot himself in the right arm, and died in about ten days from mortification. In 1870 Nicholas Birrer was drowned in Old Man's creek, and his body was found one week afterwards. CHURCHES. Mr. Michael Dall furnishes the following sketch of St. Stanislaus (Catho- lic) Churchy located on section 30, in Liberty township. This church was organized February 8, 1854, by Bishop Laurus, of Dubuque. The origi- nal members were: Michael Dall, Gregory Gross, B. Dagenhart, Fidell Heitzman, Adam Amish, N. Birrer, Joseph Rummelhart, and others. They have a frame church building, which v/as erected in 1853-'54, at a cost of about $1,500, and was dedicated in February, 1854, by Bishop Laurus. The first regular pastor was Rev. Father George Snyder; and following him have been Father Fenty, Father Sheafmacher, Father Knepley, Father Molloy, Father Haire, Father Brumenshingle. The present membership is about forty. There are forty acres of land belonging to the church, twenty of which was donated by Michael Dall and twenty by Gregory Gross. A burying ground was laid out adjoining the church about a year after that was built. The first burial there was a child of F. Burke. 724 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. ORGANIZATION OF THE TOWNSHIP. June 8, 1870, Supervisor John Dillatus offered the following: Whereas, the township of Pleasant Valley, Johnson county, Iowa, is eight and a half miles in length east and west, and six miles wide north and south, making hfty-one square miles of territory ; and whereas, incon- venience to the people of different portions of said township on account of the great distance they liave to travel to elections and public meetings, exists to such an extent as to cause great and general complaint through- out the entire eastern half of said township; and whereas, the territory of Pleasant Valley is large enough for two good sized townships, and a large majority of the citizens thereof are in favor of a division; therefore, be it Resolved., That said Pleasant V^alley township be divided into two town- ships by a line running due north and south on half section lines of sections 5, 8, 17, 20, 29 and 32, and that the territory west of said line retain the name of Pleasant Valley towship, and the territory east of said line be named Lincoln township. This resolution was adopted June 10. June 11, 1870, the following resolution was adopted: Resolved,, That the present township officers of the old township of Pleasant Valley, Johnson county, Iowa, shall continue to exercise all the functions of their respective offices until an election is ordered and had for officers of the new township of Lincoln, organized from a part of said Pleasant Valley township. At the September session petitions both in favor and against the new township were presented, but no change was made in the boundaries at that time. And an order for the first election in Lincoln township was made, thus: Resolved, That the warrant of this Board of Supervisors of Johnson Iowa, do issue to the people of the new township of Lincoln in said county, organized by this board at its June session, 1870, that an election be held by the people of said Lincoln township on the second Tuesday, the 11th day of October, 1870, it being the day of the annual township election for said year 1870, at the house of Peter Vetters in said Lincoln township, to elect two justices of the peace, two constables, three township trustees, one township clerk, one assessor, and road supervisors for the various road districts in said Lincoln township. April 4, 1871, the board had to wrestle again with the Lincoln township boundary question, and made the following record: In the matter of the application to change the boundary line between Pleasant Valley and Lincoln townships: This case having been adjourned from the last session of this board to this day, and now comes the parties by their agents and attorney, and thereupon the applicants for the said change in the boundary line, filed the statement of I. N. DeSellem, T. W. Wilson and George W. Wilson, and the contestants filed the protest of the citizens and property holders in the several school districts of Lincoln township, and this cause now HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 725 coming on to be heard, and the board having heard the said statement and protest read, and also having heard all the evidence offered by either party and the arguments of counsel, and not being sutficiently advised in the premises took time to consider of the same. The next day the following order was adopted: Resolved^ That the line between Pleasant Valley and Lincoln townships be and is hereby established on the line between sections four and five on the north line of said townships and running straight south between sec- tions 32 and 33 to the south line of said townships, placing said division one-half mile farther east than it has been heretofore established. Mr. A. Mead, clerk of Lincoln township, furnishes the following sta- tistics: The township was organized in 1870. The first trustees were Alexander Waldron, B. F. Wagner and Jacob Openheimer, and the first clerk was AmosR. Cherry. The first assessor was Otto Means. The first official meetings of the board were held at the office of the township clerk, Amos R. Cherry. The first school house was called the Craw- ford or Cherry school house. The entire township constitutes one school district, with eight sub- districts. The equalized value of the real estate in the township last 3'-ear (1881) was $169,085. The equalized value of the personal property in 1881 was $31,641. In 1882 it was $32,685. The township is divided into nine road districts. The levied rate of road tax was 3^ mills. The present township trustees are Albert Shiland, Mercer Hall, Enoch Kimble; township clerk, A. W. Mead; assessor, James Rollings worth; justice of the peace, John Dillatush; constables, J . C. Hall, J. S. Watson. There are no churches, no graveyards, no saloons and no post-offices in this township. INDIAN REV*ENGE. A man named Oliver Atwood was killed in Lincoln township in the fall of 1838. He lived near Wapsienonock (now West Liberty) and had been up near Marengo working on the new trading post and Indian agency which was being established there for the Poweshiek band of Indians, after they were removed from their old place four miles below Iowa City. Mr. Atwood sent word to his young wife, by some one going down, that he would be home in two weeks. Accordingly he came down to the old trading house (see diagram in Chapter II, Part 2,) and after getting some bacon and other supplies for his family, started on foot for home. His route was along the Indian trail from Poweshiek's village eastward, bearing a little south, and leading across the north part of what is now Lincoln township. Here he was killed and his body thrown into a slough. As he did not reach home at the time promised, and no tidings 46 726 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. \vas heard from him, his wife grew alarmed and sent inquiries up to the trading house. This was about a week after he had been there, and those who knew him and remembered of his being there and starting for home on foot and alone, only a week before, at once suspected some foul play. Search was made immediately, and the body found. It was not scalped, but the legs were cut off, and other marks of revengeful mutilation. Harrv Earhart remembers passing the spot several weeks afterward and seeing some of the hair still lying there. Mr. Atwood was a small man, a preacher or exhorter, and friendly, trusting and unsuspicious toward all; he would fall an easy victim to any cowardly redskin that might hap- pen to meet him; and the explanation of his murder is not far to seek. A few months previously a man named Ross killed an Indian over at Moscow, in Muscatine county, by knocking him down with a rail and then driving it endwise into his skull, thus mashing his brains out. As was usual in affrays of any sort between white men and Indians, Ross was not punished; it is said that he ran away. Some of the Indians vowed that they would kill some white man to appease the ghost ot their slain brave, and avenge his blood. In all their ideas of society a whole band or nation was responsible for the bad deeds of any one of its members; hence to them the whole white race was responsible for what Ross had done, and any white man they could catch would satisfy the vengeance which their law and usage required. And in this case Mr. Atwood hap- pened to be the vicarious victim. THE LINCOLN MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY. The first officers of this company were: Thos. Birkett, president; Hiram Heath, secretary; Ii-a Nichols, treasurer; B. F. Wagner, John M. Purvis, John Bregman, O. Higbee, J. M. Clark, and E. P. Whitacre, directors. The company is strictly a mutual fire and lightning insurance company. The principal office is in Lincoln township, at the residence of Hiram Heath. They do insurance business only in Scott, Lincoln, Pleasant Valley and Fremont townships, in Johnson county, and Wapsi- nonock, Goshen and Pike townships, in Muscatine county. Agents restricted to $3,000 on any one risk, and not exceed two-thirds of the value of the property; and certificates for insurance issued for not to exceed five years. Annual election, first Saturday in October of each year. LUCAS TOWNSHIP. (FORMSRLY IOWA CITY TOWNSHIP.) IOWA CITY PRECINCT. ^ January 4, 18-1-i,— Ordered, that all that part of township 79 north, of range 6 west, of the fifth principal meridian, which lies west of the Iowa river, shall hereafter be attached to and included in the Iowa City precinct in said county of HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 727 Johnson. (This territory now constitutes what is called West Lucas pre- cinct.) IOWA CITY TOWNSHIP. February 10, 1846,— Ordered, that all that part of Johnson county known as congressional township No. 79 north, of range 6 west, of the fifth principal meridian, be and the same is hereby set apart as a civil township, and shall be known as " Iowa City township," and that the first election shall be held at the court house in Iowa City. (This includes what is now called Lucas town- ship, with Iowa City inside of it.) ALTERATION OF BOUNDARIES OF IOWA CITY AND NEWPORT TOWNSHIP. January 3, 1859,— The petition of Sylvanus Johnson and others, for a change of the boun- daries of said township, came on to be heard, and it appearing that notice of the pendency of said petition had been given in accordance with the order of this court, and no person objecting thereto; therefore, in con- sideration of the premises, it is Ordered by the court, that the prayer of petitioners be granted, and that all of sections 33 and 34, township 80 north, of range 6 west, lying east of the Iowa river, be detached from Newport township, and attached and made a part of Iowa City township. IOWA CITY TOWNSHIP PRECINCTS. June 6, 1871,— Resolved., That the township of Iowa City be divided into two precincts for election purposes, by a line commencing at the west side of said town- ship in the centre of the Snooks Grove road, following said road east to Iowa City, through Iowa City in the center of College street, east of Iowa Cit}^ on the line of the Griswold road to the east line of the township. All that portion of the township north of said fine to be called the north precinct of Iowa City township, and all that portion of the township south of said line shall be called the south precinct of Iowa City township. September 4, 1871, we find, on motion of supervisor Morseman, it is Ordered, that Charles Lewis be and is hereby appointed judge of the next election in the south precinct in Iowa City township, and that William Lewis and Thomas Hughes be and they are hereby appointed clerks of said election in said north precinct; and it is further ordered that Harvey W. Fyffe and Samuel H. McCrory be and they are hereby appointed judges of the next election in said south precinct of Iowa City township, and S. M. Finch be and he is hereby appointed clerk of the said election in the said south precinct. January 19, 1873, the dividing fine between these precincts was "so amended as to place the division line between the north and south pre- cincts in Iowa City on the line of Iowa avenue, and thence in the centre of the road running east from the east end of Iowa avenue until it inter- sects the Griswold road." 728 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY ORGANIZATION OF LUCAS TOWNSHIP. January 15, 1873: Report to the county board: Your special committee appointed to examine the petition of citizens of Iowa City township outside of the corporate limits of Iowa City, would beg leave to report, that upon examination of a copy of the State census report for the year 1869, being the last State census taken, I find that the population of Iowa City exceeds 4,000 — namely 6,548. And that upon an examination of the poll book, as returned by the assessor for the year 1872, the number of legal voters outside the corporate limits of Iowa City are 472, and that the number of signers upon the petition by actual count are 284, being a majority of the whole number of legal voters outside of said Iowa City: * * * * * ^ * * * It is ordered that said Iowa City township be divided into (2) civil town- ships, one of said townships to be composed of the territory embraced within the corporate limits of Iowa City, and be called Iowa City town- ship, and the other township to be composed of the territory of Iowa City township outside of the corporate limits of Iowa City, and to be called Lucas township, and that the place for holding the the next general elec- tion in Iowa City township shall be the court house, and the place for holding the next general election shall be the fair grounds in Lucas town- ship." Lucas township contains thirty-four and one-half sections. Iowa City is in this territory, and is a township by itself, containing about two sec- tions. It lies on both sides of the Iowa river, Iowa City township all being on the east side. Lucas township has eleven school houses, five of them west of the river in what is called West Lucas, and six school houses in East Lucas. George Borland is president of the school board. Teachers' fund levied for 1882 was $2,000; school house fund, ^6500; contingent fund, $400. There are four stone quarries in the township, and three flouring mills. The village of Coralville is situated on the west side of the Iowa river, on section 5. The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad and the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern railroad, pass through this township. The C, R. I. & P. R. R. has put in one of the finest iron bridges on this line of road over the Iowa river, the east end of the bridge resting on block 23, between Des Moines and Lafayette streets in Iowa City. The road tax alone for Lucas township for 1882, due from the C, R. I. &P. R. R. company is $238. Among the earliest settlers on land now embraced in Lucas township were PhiUp Clark, S. H. McCrory, S, C. Trowbridge, Cyrus Sanders, Capt. F. M. Irish, Yale Hamilton, Sylvanus Johnson, Silas Foster, Jesse McCart, and many others. Its intimate connection with the first and sec- ond county seats, the first territorial and State capital, the State University and other matters that reach far beyond mere township interest, has made its local history to be almost entirely embodied in the several chapters of the county history. [See Chapter XI in this volume.] Lucas township, has only one post-office, Coralville, of which J. H. Clark is postmaster. The first settlement of a land claim in Johnson county was made in this HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 729 township by Philip Clark, on section 27, beinor the farm now owned by James McCollister. The fair grounds of the Johnson County Agricultural Society is on section 16, on the w^est side of the Iowa river, about one mile from the principal streets of the city. VILLAGE OF CORALVILLE. A JVezv Town. — A new town was born into this winter weather last week, up at the woolen mills and was christened CoralviUe. The name was suggested by the fact, which was developed in digging for the foundation for the various works on that w^ater power, that the rock was of coral formation. Therefore the paper mill was christened the "Coral," and now the town takes the same name. — State Press, Dec. 19, 1866. THE FIRST MILLS. From Capt. F. M. Irish's sketches in " Annals of Iowa" (1868), we make a few extracts: Near the close of the year 1841, David and Joshua Switzer erected a grist-mill on Clear creek upon the site now [1868] occupied by the woolen factory of Mr. Stickler. In this mill was ground the first flour and meal ever manufactured in Johnson county, and the people for a great distance around realized the benefit of it. But this mill was not able long to sup- ply the demands of the rapidly increasing population, and steps were taken to improve and make use of tlie water-power of the Iowa river. Walter Terrill commenced and completed the erection of his mill-dam in the autumn of 1843. This dam is situated one-half mile above the city. Mr. Terrill completed the erection of his mill in 181:1:, and put two run of stone in operation. In 1845 he attached to the mill a carding machine, which was a great convenience to the community. On the 19th of May, 1843, the Iowa City Manufacturing Company was organized by electing Chauncey Swan president; Silas Foster, secretary; and Augustus E. McArthur, treasurer. A. J. Willis, Ferdinand Harbe- stroh, and Thomas Snyder were chosen a board of directors, with a capital stock subscribed of $5,000, in shares of $25 each. This company commenced the erection of a dam upon one of the best mill-sites upon the Iowa river, two and a half miles above the city, upon the property owned by Walter Butler. The bed of the river at this point is of solid rock, with a handsome fall below. In the month of June, 1843, A. B. Newcomb, as superintendent of the work, commenced getting out timber for the dam, and notwithstanding the many obstacles and unforeseen diflSculties which had to be encountered, this great and important task was so far completed by January, 1844, as to enable the company to put a small grist-mill into operation. A sore misfortune lay in store for these enterprising citizens, for in the spring of 1844 a rapid rise of the river brought down large fields of heavy ice, and the dam being in an unfinished state, a considerable portion of it was carried away. This disaster was felt most severely by the company, their funds being exhausted, and the financial condition of the country at this time being such as to render it very difficult for them to replenish their treasury. All these difficulties were at length overcome, the breach repaired, and a substantial dam ten feet in height was completed. This was the finest structure of the kind west of the Mississippi, and affords one of the finest water powers in the state, the hydraulic force- in an ordinary stage o£ 730 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. water, with the ten-foot dam, being equal to seven hundred and eighty horse power. This property, after passing from the hands of the Iowa City Manufacturing Company into the hands of different persons not having the means to suitably improve it, was purchased by Ezekiel Clarke in ] 848, and a large flouring-mill erected and put into active operation in 1S50. The mill was driven day and night, and furnished the greater portion of the flour for the inhabitants of the northwestern part of our state. It was no unusual sight to see fifty or sixty wagons arranged at this mill at one time, some of them from as far northwest as Woodbury county, from all the intermediate settlements, and from southern Minne- sota. Home Manufacturing Company at Coralville; capital $60,000. Mill erected in 1866-67; dimensions, 42x143 feet; intended for three sets of machinery and having two in active operation, with a capacity of 10,000 yards of cloth per month. Manufacture cassimeres, flannels, jeans, blank- ets, varus, etc. Now under the direction of Humphrey Taylor, superin- tendent; T. Sanxay, president; D. F. Wells, vice-president; L. B. Patter- son, treasurer; L. Robinson, secretary. SWEPT THROUGH A FLUME. In May, 1876, little Charlie Rink, a five 3^ear old son of Chas. A. Rink, Esq., fell or was pushed into the Coralville mill dam, and the Iowa City Daily Press, of May 3d, gives the following account of the boy's marvel- ous escape from drowning: He was playing with two boys of his own age, five years, on the brink of the pool, out of which a head-gate ten feet under water lets the water into the flume leading to the paper mill. This flume is ten feet or more under ground through its whole length of 150 feet, and the water fills it full. Into this he was sucked and through its whole length he was shot so suddenly that he had not time to breath, and reaching its lower end he popped up from ten feet under the water and seized a post under the paper mill floor, clinging to it with his arms and legs in the attitude of climbing a tree. He was missed at home and an elder sister went to hunt him; finding on the bank the lads with whom he had been playing, she asked them where Charley was, and they innocently answered, that he had fallen into the river. The alarm was given, the mills were all stopped, and the pool was dragged, but no result. About three quarter of an hour after he fell in Mr. Ab. Davis went down to a trap door which opens into the dark place into which the flume debauches, and there heard the boy from his grasp on the post calling for help. It was impossible to reach him from where Mr. Davis was, and so after telling him to hold on, a hole was cut in the floor eight feet above his head through which Mr. John H. Clark was able to see him, and Alexander Murray was let down by a rope and brought him up. He had hung to the post so long that his hair was dried. Considering the tender age of the child, and the appalling danger of such a journey, it is one of the most wonderful of happenings. Just a week after little Charlie went through the flume, he fell into the river above the Coralville dam and was carried over it, the dam being HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 731 thirteen feet high at the crest or overflow. But somehow or other he floated, and the swift plunge from the overchute or apron of the dam shot him ashore away below the mills, where his father founded him half an hour afterward, stripped naked, drying his clothes, "so mother wouldn't lick him for getting wet." Charlie called at the History Company's office to show this historian that he still lives — as wonderfully escaped from a watery grave, as Moses or Jonah of old. He is a bright 1 id, and after two such miraculous escapes, he is just likely to become a United States Senator or President, as other boys were at his age who afterward gvt there. The " Coral Mill,''' at Coralville, Valentine Miller, proprietor, was built in 1843, [?] by V. Miller and William Kirkwood at a cost of $19,000, there then being but three run of stone. After running about two years Mr. Miller bought one-half of Mr. K's interest, and S.J. Kirkwood the other half. Mr. Miller now owning three-fourths and S. J. Kirkwood one- fourth. The mill was enlarged and improved, and now has five run of stone and two sets of E. T. Ellis rolls. The mill has capacity of 100 barrels per day, and employs five men in the mill and three teams, and three men in their store in the city. Mill generally runs day and night. Size of building 40x66 feet, brick, three stories high besides basement and has the latest improved machinery. The Iowa City Paper Mills at Coralville, M. T. Close & Sons, proprie- tors, were built in 1S65 by the Close Brothers— M. T., C. D. and S. M- Close and cost about $45,000. After running about one year it was rented toJS. M. Close & Co., they running it five years. The mill was then enlarged and run by M. T. Close & Sons, who are the present owners. The mill employs 45 to 50 men, and manufactures straw wrapping paper, straw board, and building paper; the}^ have about $100,000 capital invested. Use 4,000 tons of straw annually. They have two steam engines, one 150 and the other 120 horse power; and eleven rag engines or beaters. The capacity of mills is nine tons of paper per day of twentv- four hours. It runs day and night. There are two paper machines, one forty-eight and the other sixty-two inches. They are Rice, Barton & Fales make, of Worcester, Mass. There are seven boilers — four forty- eight inches in diameter, eighteen feet long, and three forty-eight inches, sixteen feet long — which in connection with six water wheels, supply the power for running the machinery. The company owns a dam on the Iowa riv^er of 100 feet long and ten feet in height. In 1875 a terrible explosion occurred in this 'mill instantly killing six persons. See account of it in chapter VII, Part 1. The Coraville plaining mill was built in 1869; and in 1871 the saw mill was added to it. Planing mill cost $800 and saw mill $700. Machine shop and mills $2,200. The power is rented by Mr. John Davis from M. T. Close «& Sons. 732 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. MADISON TOWNSHIP. This township was originally included in the territory of Clear Creek precinct, as established April 8, 1841. On February 10, 1846, Penn township was formed, and it then included Madison township. On Oct. 15, 1860, Madison township was formed; but the county records of that year are lost, and hence the official order defining its boundaries could not be found. For an account of the " Lost Record," see Chapter III, Part 3, of this county history. The clerk of Madison township, Wm. Shimp, furnishes the following report: The records show that the township was organized October 15, 1860, by order of the council. The first board of trustees were John Green, Jacob Lininger and H. S. Gould; constables, L,. W. Chamberlain, W. Roberts and A. Hildabrand; clerk, H. C. Nichols, now in Kansas; assessor, O. G. Babcock; justices of the peace, James Chamberlain and Adam Snyder. The first official meetings were held in the old log school house called Swan Lake school house. The first school house was built by L. Babcock, on O. G. Babcock's premises, section 32. The cemetery was located at Chase P. O., and is still in use, and the only one in the town- ship. The township constitutes one district school township, and is divided into six sub-districts. The school tax in 1881 was, for teachers fund, $900; contingent, $350; total, $1,250. The equalized value of real estate in 1881 was, $137,970; personalty, $48,275. The township is divided into four road districts; the levied rate of road tax in 1881 was three and one- half mills; the total amount of road tax was $661.81. The whole amount of tax for all purposes was, $1,931.81. The present township officers are: Trustees, O. G. Babcock, John Snavely and John Sherman; clerk, Wm. Shimp; assessor. Dr. Miller Young; iustice of the peace, A. J. Roup; constable, G. W. Hansen. Madison township now (1882) has only one post-office; it is called Chase, and O. G. Babcock is the postmaster. The old post-office, called Green Castle, was discontinued some years ago. farmer's mutual INSURANCE COMPANY. Madison township has the honor of being headquarters of the only Farmer's Insurance Company in the county. The company has been in operation for some years, on the plan that the property insured constitutes the capital of the company, and the insurees are the sole members of the company. They insure only farm buildings and property, and insure that against fire or lightning; but they will not pav a loss by fire originating from the smoking of a pipe or cigar in or about a barn, granary, or stock yard, or from using a steam threshing machine. The company does no business outside of Johnson county. Their place of meeting for the annual election of officers, etc., is fixed at "Cross Roads School House," in Madi- 1 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 733 son township. This company has been doing business for nearly fifteen years. Its business was conducted in terms of five years each. During this time it has carried risks of $54,000 to $135,000, and has paid all losses and other expenses on two* and a half to three months per term. The assessments were all made at the close of each term. During this fifteen year period it was so limited as to be practically little more than a business firm carrying its own insurance risks; but last win- ter they decided to enlarge their operations, and therefore filed articles of incorporation, as the following document shows: State of Iowa, Johnson County, ss: Personally appeared before me the undersigned, clerk of the district court in and for said county, Jacob Zeller, James Chamberlin, L. E. Chamberlin, A. J. Roup, Jacob Lininger, J. M. Files, and Isaac Meyers, incorporators of the Northwestern Farmer's Mutual Fire Insurance Com- pany, of Johnson county, Iowa, who are all personally known to me to be the identical persons who have subscribed their names to the forego- ing articles of incorporation of said company, and who acknowledged that they had signed the said articles to which their several names are attached, freely and voluntaril}' for the use and purposes therein set forth. Witness my hand and the seal of the district court of said county hereto affixed, this 6th day of February, 1882. Stephen Bradley, Clerk of the District Courts yohnson Comity, Iowa. Filed for record, February 11, 1882, at 1 p. m. Recorded in book 52, page 197, of deeds. A. L. Sorter, Recorder. W. D. Whedon, Deputy Recorder. Also recorded in office of Secretary of State. The corporation is to run thirty years. Every one who insures is a full member of the company. " It shall never become a stock company." The office of the secretary must be located in Madison township. The first officers of the old company were, James Chamberlin, president; Adam Snyder, secretary; Jacob Zeller, treasurer; D. R. Wolfe, general agent. The first officers of the new incorporation were, and are yet, president, Jacob Zeller; vice-president, James Chamberlin; secretary, L. E, Chamberlin; treasurer, A. J. Roup; directors, Jacob Lininger, J. M. Files and Isaac Meyers. The following points will be of interest to all farmers: The property, real and personal, of each member of this company, shall be liable for the assessment made upon it. There shall be no more than $2,000 taken in any one risk until the amount of property insured exceeds $150,000, and not over $3,500 on any risk; and in no case to exceed two-thirds the cash value, including the insurance of other companies. In case of double insurance, this com- pany will pay only its proportionate share of two-thirds of the value of the property. When any person wishes to join this company, he or she may apply 734 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. to the secretary, who must make a personal survey of the premises, as to the safety of the risk, and if satisfied with the risk, will be permitted to charge a membership lee of fifty cents and one dollar policy fee, with two and one-half mills on the dollar for contingent expenses; all moneys to be cash or pledges. No notes will be taken by this company. This company shall insure by terms not to exceed five years, when all policies will expire at the same time, unless otherwise ordered, and shall not insure on the continual plan. All insurance will take effect on the day the application is approved, at 12 M., unless otherwise ordered. MRS. MARY MYERS, one of the old settlers of this township, has twice given birth to twins.. The following is a sketch of her life: Mary Green was born September 3, 1820, in Newton township, Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, embraced religion in 1841 and united with the Disciples Church in that county. February 5, 1846, she was married to Moses Stover, and the same year they emigrated to Iowa; started from West Hill, Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, and traveled by wagon, across the Blue Ridge mountains, to Newport, then by canal and railroad to Pittsburg, and from there down the Ohio river and up the Mississippi to St. Louis on the steamboat " Robert Fulton;" from St. Louis up to Bloomington (now Muscatine) on the steamboat "St. Croix," and from there to Iowa City by wagon; lived in Iowa City awhile and then settled in " North Bend," as this settlement was then called. She bore three children to Mr. Stover; two of them, a boy and a girl, being twins; the boy died in infancy; the other children, Anna E. and Mary E., grew up. September 8, 1850, her husband, Moses Stover, died, and was buried in the North Bend cemetery, the third burial there. In 1851 she united with the Church of God, at North Liberty; and in the same year she was married to Valentine Myers. In this mar- riage she bore six children, four sons and two daughters; one son died in infancy; and two of the Myers children were twins, as two of the Stover had been before. In 1849 her father and mother, David and Mary Green, came to Iowa. David Green died, May 6, 1867, aged 71 years. Mary Green, his wife, died July 5, 1872, aged 81 years. MONROE TOWNSHIP. October 5, 1842, it was Ordered^ that the 5th election precinct in this county be hereafter called and known as Monroe precinct. This was also called "Dupont's precinct," in the newspapers, because Wm. Dupont kept a whisky cabin here, and that was the way-mark by which this particular settlement was most generally known. See Chap- ter I, Part 2, for "Earliest Civil Sub-divisions." Also, see Chapter II, Part 2, for further items in regard to Wm. Dupont. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 735 February 10, 1846, Ordered., that all that part of Johnson county known as congressional township number 81, in range number 7 west, and all that part of congressional township number 81, in range number 8 west of the 5th principal meridian, which lies north of the Iowa river, be and the same is hereby set apart as a civil township to be known as "Monroe Town- ship," and that the first election shall be held at the house of William Dupont in said township. It will be seen that the above included also what is now Jefferson town- ship. Monroe township has now (1882) two post offices — Gregg and Danforth. David Simington, postmaster at Gregg, and B. Beyer at Dan- forth. The earliest records of this township in the hands of Graham Thorn, the present clerk, begin in 1862. This township has seven school dis- tricts, $1,600 tax for school purposes, (teachers fund and contingent fund), in 1882. Road tax, $600. Graham Thorn and Joseph Zebourstsky, are the justices of the peace. NEWPORT TOWNSHIP. February 10, 1846. Ordered, That all that part of township 80 north, range 6 west, which lies east of Iowa river, and all of congressional township No. 80 north, range 5 west of the 5th P. M., shall constitute one civil township in John- son county, and shall be known as "Newport township," and the first election shall be held at the house of Cornelius Lancaster in said township. The above included what is now Graham township, which was organ- ized by itself on January 5, 1857. Newport township is located on the east bank of the Iowa river; bounded on the north by Big Grove township, on the east by Graham township, on the south by Scott and Lucas townships, on the west by Iowa river. It is composed of six sections from the west side of the con- gressional township that is called Graham township, and eighteen sections and a few fractions of a congressional township east of the Iowa river. The remaining fragments of township 80, range 6, lie on the west side of the river, in Penn township. Newport is not as good an agricultural township as Graham, but it is nearly all covered with timber of fine growth, and so lends as great a value to the county at large as any other township in the count}-. The first lumber sawed in the county was from a mill erected by Henry Felk- ner, who was the first settler in the township, and erected a saw-mill on Rapid creek. The township is well watered, the principal streams being Rapid creek, Silver creek and Turkey creek, all named by Col. Trowbridge, while on his rounds assessing, in 1837, '38, '39. In May, 1838, Henry G. Reddout, [this name was pronounced Riddoe] built a log cabin near the big spring on section 26, in Newport township, which formed an important tributary to Rapid creek. At the rock ledge 736 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. or falls of Rapid creek, in section 36, Henry Felkner had a saw mill; and somebody else had one a little below where the big spring brook emptied into the creek. In 1849 the U. S. geologist, D. D. Owen, visited Felk- ner's mill, to examine the out-crop of rocks there, and mentions it in his report. Reddout's cabin and the big spring were for many years a well known landmark in the settlement, and the spring had a stone curbing, and a neat log house over it; but now the mills, the cabin, the spring house, and the people are all gone; scarcely a vistage remains to show that they had ever been there as a center of eventful and busy life. The spring still bubbles up its clear, cool water, but only to be trodden and poached by the grazing beasts of a cow-pasture. It seems a great pity that so fine a natural spring should run to waste, instead of being utilized for a gilt-edge creamery, for which it would furnish a natural advantage not often met with. There is no post-office in Newport township. The people go mostly to Iowa City for mail and trade; though some go to Morse station and post-office, over in Graham township, occasionally; and other some go up to Solon, in Big Grove township. For 1882 the school tax levys was $600 for teachers fund; nothing for school house fund; and $250 for contingent fund. William Merhring is the president of the school board. This township is largely settled by Bohemians, and they are a steady, hard working class of citizens. They have plenty of good stock, and it is not much behind the average township of the county in valuable farm products. C. S. Roessler makes a specialty in grape culture and manu- factures wine from grapes of his own raising. Among the first settlers in this township, were Messrs. Lancaster, Glessinger, Smith, Taylor, Douglass, Thorp and Albrecht. It is one of the most thickly settled townships in the county. OXFORD TOWNSHIP, INCLUDING THE TOWN OF OXFORD. OXFORD TOWNSHIP. On the 3d day of March, 1 856, John Cook presented a petition to the countv court, praying the organization of a new civil township, which petition is in words and figures as follows, to-wit: We, the undersigned citizens of Clear Creek township, Johnson county, petition your honor to take such measures as may be necessary to divide the present township, by setting ofi" the westerly part known as township 80 north, range 8, together with the fractional part of township 81, h'ing on the south side of Iowa river, and forming a new town of the town- ship 8, and that part of 81 lying on the south side of the river, to be named and known as the township of Oxford; signed by W. H. Cotter, Luther Doty, Hiram B. McMicken, and forty-one others, residents of Clear Creek township, Johnson county, Iowa. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY 737 And thereupon the county court, being fully satisfied that the conven- ience of citizens, petitioners aforesaid, requires the establishment of a new township, do hereby order and direct that all that part of congres- sional township SO north, range 8, together with the fractional part of congressional township 81 lying on the south side of Iowa river, be and the same is hereby formed and set apart as a civil township, to be called and known as Oxford township. And it is further Ordered^ that there shall be an election held in said township on Mon- day, April 7, 1856, at the house of John L. Hartwell, for the purpose of electing two justices of the peace, two constables, one assessor, three township trustees, and one township clerk, for said township, and also to vote for a school fund commisioner for said county of Johnson, also for or against a new court-house, and for or against swamp lands. Mr. E. D. Jones, clerk of Oxford township for this year (1882), fur- nishes the following statistics: The township was organized in 1856, and its first board of trustees were John Cook, John L. Hartwell, and Louis Doty. The first assessor was Wm. Cotter. The first official meetings of the board were held at John L. Hartwell's residence. The first school- house was built by Ben Williams in 1854, on section 5, west of Hon. L. R. Wolfe's residence, and was called Edgewood School house. The first cemetery in the township was laid out in 1875, west of Oxford (town), on Wm. Cotter's land, section 17 The township constitutes one independent school district, with eleven district townships. The school-tax in 1881 for all purposes, teachers' fund, contingent, and schooi-house, was $1,000. The equalized value of the real estate in the township in 1881 was, $384,833; personalty, $74,827. The township is divided into two road districts. The levied rate of road tax in 1881 was five mills; the total amount of road tax, $2,348.35. The aggre- gate levy in the township was five mills. The present officers of the township are: Justices, Joel Linkhart and George Lenk; assessor, C. W. Staley; trustees, Thomas Sherlock, Dennis Mahony, and James Hardy; clerk, E. D. Jones. EARLY INCIDENTS. Mr. John E. Douglass furnishes the data for the following sketch of early events in the Oxford township settlement. John N. Headley and Samuel Huston came in March, 1839, and settled one mile east of the pre- sent site of Tiffin, in Clear creek township. They were from Ohio. Jas. Douglass and family arrived April 1, 1839; and on the 10th of the same month came Ebenezer Douglass and family; Charles Marvin and wife; William and Henry, and Branson Brown — all from Richland county, Ohio — and settled on section 24, township 80, range 8, now in Oxford township. Others followed soon after and all along. The first marriage in this neighborhood was Orley Hull to Miss Mary Clark, in May, 1840, at a house about two miles west of where Tiffin is now. They were married by John L. Hartwell, justice of the peace, who now resides in Oxford village. T he second marriage was of Wm. 738 HISTORV OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Spicer to Miss Delilah Sprague, and Russell Spicer to Miss Mary Hart- well — a double wedding. The ceremony was performed by Elder Israel L. Clark, a minister of the Disciples denomination. The first baby born in the settlement was Huldah Marvin, born Dec. 2, 1840; child of Charles and Elizabeth Marvin. The first boy was James H. Douglass, born Feb. 5, 1841, son of James and Fanny Douglass. The first death was that of Brunson Brown, who was drowned in attempting to cross Old Man's creek, in the spring of 1840. The Indian name for Old Man's creek was " Push-i-to-nock See-po." The first physician was Dr. Wm. Crawford, from Indiana, who came in 1841. The first minister was Elder Israel L. Clark, of the Disciples or "Christ- ian" denomination. He preached from time to time in the neighbor's houses until there was a school house to hold meetings in. The first school was kept in a little log cabin belonging to James Doug- lass, in 1841. The teacher was Miss Mary Berry, who received $1.50 per week of five and one-half days, which was made by teaching on alter- nate Saturdays. The first weaving was done in 1840, b}- Susan Dennison. But in 1841, Fanny Douglass, Sarah Douglass and Mrs. Eliza Douglass Marvin (three sisters), all using the same loom, made from flax of their own growing, a supply of linen cloth, which they made up into shirts, pants, towels, table cloths, sheets, etc. In 1843 they carded and spun by hand wool, then mixed it with cotton warp in the weaving, and made jeans and linsey cloth. Of such goods were the best "Sunday-go-to-meeting suits" of the time, for it was only an occasional youth who was fortunate enough to procure from the Indians a nice pair of buckskin breeches, or a " Mackinaw blanket," for special "dress-up" occasions. There were no roads, and we either forded the streams or went around them — "headed" them as it was called — following the "divide," or high ridge between streams. We went to the Mississippi river for meal, flour, ■groceries, and other necessary supplies, with ox-teams — slow, but sure. Some time in 1841 it began to be that we could get corn ground down at Wapsienonok (now West Liberty), in Muscatine county, at a horse mill, by hitching in our own oxen to do the work. And after toll, and feed on the trip, we would get home with about half as much as we started with. At home we ground buckwheat in a coffee mill and bolted it with a com- mon meal seive. FIRST POST-OFFICE. The first post-oflice in Oxford township was kept by James Douglass on section 24. It was called Copi post-ofiice. There is no post-office now, 1882, except the one in Oxford village, and J. M. Templeman is the postmaster. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 739 ORGANIZATION AND NAMING OF OXFORD. SKETCHED BY M. W. COOK. Previous to the year 1856, the territory now included in Oxford town- ship formed part of Clear Creek township. Disputes having arisen from time to time in regard to the voting place, road districts, and other mat- ters, steps were taken for a separation, and at the general election in August, 1855, a petition was circulated and received the signatures of all the voters in the proposed new township asking that a new township be formed. The law, then as now, required that the boundaries of new townships should be made to conform to the boundaries of congressional or survey, or's townships, except, where a good reason existed for ignoring such rule Accordingly the boundaries of the new township were so arranged except on the north, where the Iowa river was made the boundary. The dimen- sions of the township under that arrangement was six miles east and west, and about seven miles north and south, having an area of more than forty square miles. The territory included is described as being all of township 80 north, range 8 west, and that part of township 81 north, range 8 west, lying on the south side of Iowa river. The remainder of 81 north, 8 west, was formed into a township about the same time and called Monroe. The petition was presented to his honor. Judge Lee, as all matters pertaining to a change of township boundaries came before the county judge, under the old law, and as there were no remonstrance it was once decreed that henceforward the people of the territory above named should manage their own domestic concerns, a responsibility they felt lully prepared to shoulder. It was also decreed that at the time of the annual election of township officers, which came in March, the election for the new township should be held at the residence of J. L. Hartwell, then known as the Erie House. The following is the list of officers elected at that election: Justices Luther Doty and Walter Camp; trustees, J. L. Hartwell, John Cook and Lewis Doty; assessor, \W. H. Cotter; township clerk, Luther Doty; constables, Thos. Heifner and "Bob" Carpenter. Oxford is an old name, being the name of the capital of England in early times, or leastwise the residence of the rulers, and the seat of the University of England, the greatest institution of learning in the world. But our Oxford gets its name only indirectly from Oxford, England, being named from a town in Chenango county. New York. And this is how it came about. The petition had been drawn with a blank space for name and had been signed without filling the blank. W. H. Cotter had been charged with the matter of presenting the petition, and had it at his house; he mentioned the fact of the blank to his wife, who suggested filling it with Oxford, which was the name of the township where she had spent her 740 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. childhood and youth. This was not at once accepted, but several names were suggested and finally written on slips of paper and little "Fred," then three years of age, was called upon to choose the name, and to the joy of his mother, it was Oxford: and thus the name was selected and the blank filled. Little Fred and his mother both have slept for years beneath the sod, and to the writer it seems as if the name Oxford was a lasting monument to their memories. CEMETERIES. The first burying ground in Oxford township was one acre given by Thomas Heifner, on section 5, in 1852. The first person buried there was Martin Mason. The present cemetery is on section 17, one mile northwest of Oxford village, on high sandy ground. It contains four acres, and was laid out in June, 1875, by Wm. H. Cotter. The first person buried there was J. H. McFarland, January 11, 1875 — several months before the ground was laid out. January 26, 1875, Mrs. Sies was buried there — the second burial. In 1876 the Catholic people laid out a cemetery of one acre, on land adjoining the above on the south. VINEYARD. The only large vineyard in the township is on section 8, and is owned by Joseph Schonborn. He has found the Concord grape the most pro- lific, hardy and profitable variety to cultivate here. He imported several choice varieties from Hungary, at great cost, but they would not stand the climate. In 1864 he imported from Bavaria four varieties of mulberry seed, such as the Bavarian silk-worm feeders use. The trees grew, and bore fruit the fourth year from the seed; but soon died — wouldn't stand this climate. Mr. Schonborn also raises large crops of blackberries, raspberries, and strawberries. He has made a good deal of wine, and had about 3,000 gallons in his cellar in July, 1882. THE COLORED SETTLERS. The census of 1869 shows that Oxford township had 153 dwellings and a population of 891, of whom nine were of the "colored persuasion." The number of voters was 180, an increase of twenty per cent in two years, and this is about the average of increase in farm productions, etc., during the same period. The nine colored persons above mentioned were the "horde ot barbarians" which it was predicted would be turned loose amongst us, to subjugate and finally annihilate the Caucasian race. They remained a year or two, and then folded their tents and departed; and except one individual they are the only representatives of their race who have ever made their home in Oxford township. TRIPLETS TWICE. Mrs. David Clodfelter, living on section 11, Oxford township, has twice HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY 741 given birth to triplets. The first time was January 25, 1857 — three girls, one of whom, Mary, is still living (1882.) The second time was March 23, 1865 — three boys, two of whom, George and Henry, are still living, well formed and healthy. THE TOWN OF OXFORD. The original town of Oxford was laid out and plat recorded in the year 1868, by its proprietor, Mr. P. C. Wilcox, whose son, Mr. C. S. Wilcox, has since made two additions to the original plat, the first in March, 1872, and the second, March, 1875. McDonough's addition was added in Oc- tober, 1870, and Waterman's addition in the year 1874. The town is situ- ated on the C. R. I. & P. Railroad, 69 miles west of Davenport, and 252 miles from Chicago. "tanktown." Before the town of Oxford was laid out, there were a few shanties erected about the tank, and occupied by the section men, and the old Catholic Church was built a year or two before that event, which occurred in 1868, the original site being upon the southwest quarter of section 21, being sixty-nine miles from Davenport, 252 from Chicago, and 105 from Des Moines, by railroad. Oxford post-office was then kept by Mr. Vaugn, on the hill, and the place was known by some people as Oxford, but by far the greater part of the people called it "the tank", which name it was called by for three or four years after the town of Oxford really existed. BUSINESS AT OXFORD STATION. The Oxford journal,, of December 4, 1879, said: The shipments from this point for the last five years are shown by the following table: TABLE OF SHIPMENTS. 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 TOTAL. Cars wheat Cars oats Cars corn Cars rye . . 137 7 185 1 5 82 21 84 15 130 3 2 95 34 109 11 114 14 11 76 38 65 21 148 16 1 148 45 42 15 224 15 2 131 25 437 69 804 49 Cars barley Cars hogs Cars cattle 21 532 163 By a glance at the above table, it will be seen that wheat-raising is steadily on the decrease, and farmers are turning their attention more to the raising of corn, hay, and stock. By feeding their grain into stock, and shipping it in the shape of pork or beef, a vast saving is made in the cost of transportation; as, for example, take four car-loads of corn, and feed it into hogs, and the same product can be shipped in one car. Tak- 47 742 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. ing this as a basis for a practical illustration, we shall find that if the 801 car-loads of corn, representing about 330,000 bushels, had been fed to hogs it would have raised 11,000 head, averaging 300 pounds, which could have been shipped in '200 cars, and would have saved to the farmers of Oxford township about 1^35,000 on the cost of transportation. Not only that, but the 200 cars of hogs would have been worth about $50,000 more than the 801 cars of corn; so that if our farmers had converted all the corn they have shipped in the last five years into hogs, the}^ would have been worth to-day about $85,000 more than they are. Messrs Young, Linberger & Co., owners of the Oxford elevator made the following shipments in 1881: Wheat 15 car-loads. Corn 181 car-loads. Oats 86 car-loads. Rye . 27 car-loads. Timothy-seed 1 car-load. This was a poor year for farmers, and hence the shipments were com- paratively light. Some shipments of hogs and cattle were made by Messrs Wolfe & Young, but no figures furnished for this year. MILLS. The first mill in Oxford was built by Gallager & Agate, in 1871 or '72. It was a steam mill with two run of burrs. The boilers burst and blew it up the first year it was built. The present Oxford steam flouring-mill was built in 1874, by James Stratton; had three run of burrs, and cosi about $14,000. In May, 1881, it was bought by J. W. Wilson, the present proprietor, who has added $2,000 of improvements, giving it four run of burrs, and a grinding capacity of 175 bushels of wheat per day. The largest flouring-mill in the county outside of Iowa City or Coralville. McCreary & O'Brien started a lumber and coal yard in 1881; have about $6,500 invested. The first year they handled about one million feet of lumber, and 37,500 bushels of coal. Sales in 1881 amounted to $35,000. Besides lumber and coal, they deal also in lime, drain-tile, etc. OXFORD BUSINESS DIRECTORY.— 1882. George Rentz, mayor, — dry goods and groceries. L. Harrington, marshal. Perry Levesick, dry goods and groceries. Rohret & Bro., dry goods and groceries. H. Kennedy, dry goods and groceries. John Harman, dry goods and groceries. » Sies & Johnson, dry goods and groceries. John Spillane, groceries. Dora Spillane, groceries. E. A. Doty & Co., druggists. H. A. Robinson, druggist. J. W. Wilson, miller. [See "Mills."] McCreary & O'Brien, lumber, coal, etc. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 743 A. J. Miller, hardware and implements. Sies Brothers, hardware. H. McCormick, agricultural implements. W. H. Poole, jeweler. C. F. Doty, proprietor Doty House. Geo. Floerchinger, proprietor Oxford House. J. M. Templeman, postmaster, editor of the Oxford journal. M. W. & G. Trumble, editors of the Oxford Democrat. [For history of these newspapers see Chapter VI. — "Newspapers and Libraries"]. W. H. Hilborn, books and stationery. Saxton Bros., livery. John J. Gamble, hvery. Lee Schonborn, butcher. C. Luther, blacksmith. Robert Miller, blacksmith. John H. Christie, blacksmith. Young, Lineberger & Co., grain dealers. T. R. Ward, physician. J. G. Henderson, physician. Wm. Vandenburg, barber. James H. Windren, furniture. L. Whitford, wagon and carriage maker. L. H. Watson, wagon maker. Mrs. V. Rawlins, milliner. Mrs. Eva Hartwell, milliner. Mrs. A. L. Davis, dressmaker. J. Douglas & Son, carpenters and builders. A. Harrington, carpenter. W. J. Graham, carpenter. John Fisher, harness maker. J. Rapp, shoemaker. C. F. Guenther, shoemaker. " John Oxen, brickmaker. F. X. Melecher, saloon. George Floerchinger, saloon. John Horner, saloon. Mr. Cooney, saloon. MASONIC. Canopy Lodge, No. 290, A.F. and A. M., was instituted by John Scott, G. M.; date of dispensation June 27, 1870; date of charter June 7, 187L The charter members and first officers were, J. H. McFarland, W. M.; E. R. Wallace, S. W.; J. W. O'Brien, J. W.; D. G. Dunham, S.D.; J. W. Clark, J. D.; Thomas Heifner, trustee; James Remley, secretary; Cyrus Carson. The present officers are: E. A. Doty, W. M.; R.J. Miller, S. W.; F.W.Sies, J. W.; J. W. Wilson, S. D.; W. H. Pool, J. D.; A.J. Miller, trustee; A. F. Bosworth, secretary; James H. Nesmith, S. S.; A. W. Davis, J. S. Present number of members 34. They meet in a rented hall. The lodge is in a flourishing condition, out of debt and has money on interest. 744 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. ANCIENT ORDER OF UNITED WORKMEN. Oxford Lodge No. 124, A. O. of O. F., was instituted June 11, 1877, Dist. Dept. Grand Master Workman, R. M. Bixby. The charter mem- bers were H. McClerny, L. F. Spangler, Wm. Summerhags, John Wagner, M. Y. Staley, S. M. Sloufier, F, W. Sies, Henry Humphery, J. W. Wilson, C. T. Estabrook, Geo. Rentz, J. H. Wilbur, G. H. Klenk, T. R. Word, Henry Vanderlip, A.J. Miller, John Ditto. The first officers were: A.J. Miller, past master workman; C.-T. Estabrook, master work- man; L. T. Spangler, general foreman; John Wagner, overseer; S. M. Stouffer, recorder; F. W. Sies, financier; John Ditto, receiver; J. W. Wilson, inside watchman; H.Humphrey, outside watchman. Board of Trustees: G. Rentz, H. McClerny and H. Vanderlip. Examining physi- cian, T. R. Word, The present officers are: E. D. Jones, past master workman; J. E. Douglass, master workman; J. W. O'Brien, foreman; J. H. Clark, overseer; E. A. Doty, recorder; F. W. Sies, financier; A.J. Miller, receiver; H. McClerny, inside watchman; A. B. Young, outside watchman. Board of Trustees: A. J. Miller, E. A. Doty and E. D. Jones. Examing physicians, T. R. Word and J. M. Glasgow. They meet in Masonic Hall. Number of present membership, 32. UNITED ORDER OF HONOR. Nemora Lodge No. 3, U. O. of H., was instituted by Capt. J. A. L. Tice, March 7, 1882; date of charter the same. The charter members and first officers were, Lewis Doty, P. P.; J. E. Douglass, P.; L. Har- rington, V. P.; C. W. Staley, Rec. Sec; L. Schomborn, financial secre- tary; E. A. Doty, treasurer; A. W. Davis, conductor; C. H. Sies, Inst.; F. W. Sies, chaplain; H. A. Cook, I. G.; A. L. Johnson, O. G.; C. F. Doty, J. M. Glasgow, H. A. R^es, M. J. Klenk, John Klenk, John Floerchinger, L. H. Watson, F. Rapp and C. H. Sies, trustees. Present officers are, J. E. Douglass, P.; J. W. Wilson, V. P.; A. W. Davis, Rec. Sec'y.; F. W. Sies, Fin. Sec'y.; E. A. Doty,Treas.; F. Rapp, Cond.; C. H. Sies, Inst.; L. H. Watson, Chap.; C. F. Doty. I. G.; Lee Schomborn, O. G.; Lewis Doty, trustee. The present membership is 22. They hold their meetings in a rented hall. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Mr. Lewis Doty furnishes the following facts of the first church organ- ization formed in the township: It was first organized in 1852, on sec- tion 5. The original or first members were, Benjamin Williams and wife, Charles Mason and wife, and others. They held meetings in a school house. The successive pastors of this first M. E. Church, were: Rev. Jamison, Rev. S. Brooks, Rev. Bamford, Rev. Hestwood, Rev. Woolsey, Rev. Hill, Rev. James Paston, Revs. James Coates and G. W. Rawlings. The early settlers took an active interest in church affairs. This church or "class" in its time belonged to a large circuit, extending from eight HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 745 miles beyond Marengo to North Bend, and the preachers passed on horseback from station to station in a regular round. That is why they were called "circuit riders." The Methodist Episcopal Church of Oxford, was reorganized in 1872. Their church building is a frame and was built in 1874, at a cost of $4,000. It was dedicated Oct. 11, 1874, by Bishop Gilbert Haven. Its pastors have been G. W. Rawlings, A. V. Francis, D. C. Bevan, D. A. Waters, A. McClintock, U. B. Smith, J. G. Barton. Besides the church building, the society owns a comfortable parsonage, worth about $1,000; these are both paid for, the society is out of debt, and in good condition financially. Present membership (1882) about 130. St. Mary's Catholic Church., of Oxford, Iowa, was organized in 1860. The Floerchmgers, Reynolds, McGillicuddys, Daltons, and other families, were its original members. The first church building was a frame, erected in 1862; the second, also a frame, was erected in 1878, at a cost of about $4,000. It was dedicated in 1882, by Rt. Rev. McMullen. Its pastors have been. Rev. W. Emmonds, Rev. F. Welch, Rev. Hardin, Rev. Rice, Rev. A. T. Maynihan, Rev. Sullivan, and Rev. James Davis, present pastor. Since the first small church was erected many members have been added to the congregation, which at present numbers about one hundred families. Through the generous co-operation of the faithful, the several pastors were enabled to make many improvements to the church and surroundings, and to-day a good church and parsonage stand forth as the testimony of the living faith. Rev. James Davis, the present pastor, is a native of Killarny, Ireland. He received his early education from the priests of the Order of Mount Carmel, in his native country. From this venerable order he went to Carlow College, where he was ordained priest for Dubuque diocese, and in 1881 received his appoint- ment at Oxford. Came to America in September, 1878. The First Presbyterian Chirch was organized October 8, 1870, in the old Masonic Hall, Oxford, (town). The original members were, Joel Linkhart and wife, Jonathan H. Ryder and wife, Wm. W. Howard and wife, Miss Caroline H. Howard, Wm. H. Harrison and wife, Mrs. Lucretia A. Scott, John Hutchinson, Stanley W. Smith and wife, Mrs. Clara D. Estabrook. The first church building (which is also the pres- ent one) is a frame, and was built in 1872, at a cost of about $2,700. It was dedicated in October, 1870, by Rev. S. M. Osmond, D. D. The successive pastors of this church have been Rev. A. M. Heizer, to July, 1873; Rev. David Brown, since December, 1873. The present member- ship numbers 104. The building committee were, Thomas Combe, Joel Linkhart and Charles T. Estabrook. The first year's services were held in the C, R., I. & P. R. R. depot; and then until the church building was completed, in the school house. The church maintains a flourishing Sunday school with an average attendance of about 80, and the usual 746 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. prayer meetings, &c. William H. Harrison was the first elder. He was elected and ordained, Oct. 8, 1870. After him were elected and ordained, in 1871, Wm. M. Dennis and Joel Linkhart; in 1874, I. V. Waterman; in 1875, Carson A. Foster; in January, 1880, Charles H. Sies and H. A. Robinson. The present session (or official board) is Joel Linkhart, I. V. Waterman, Chas. H. Sies and H. A. Robinson. Lutheran Church. — Rev. A. Leupp, pastor. No rep9rt received. * PENN TOWNSHIP. February 10, 1846: "Ordered that all that part of Johnson county contained in the following bounds, to-wit: Commencing in the middle of the main channel of the Iowa river where the north line of township 79 N., R. 6, crosses the same, thence west along said township line to the N. W. corner of said town- ship, thence north on the range line two miles, thence west one mile, thence north one mile, thence west to the west line of township No. 80, range 7 west, thence north on the range line to the Iowa river, thence with the river to the place of beginning, be and the same is hereby set apart as a civil township, to be known as "Penn township," and that the first election shall be held at the school house near Chapman's." The above boundary included also what is now Madison township. Madison was separated and made a civil township by itself some time in 1860 — but the county records of that year are entirely lost. See Chap- III, Part 3, of county history, for an account of the "Lost Record." Mr. R. J. Geddes, clerk of Penn township, furnishes the following sta- tistics: The township was organized in 1846. The first board of trustees were: Stephen Maynard, Jacob H. Alt and Alonzo C. Dennison. The first clerk was John W. Alt; the first treasurer was John Wilson. The first assessor was elected in 1854. Prior to this thi' assessing was done by the clerk or justice of the peace. The first official meetings of the board were held in a public school house in North Liberty. The first school house was built of logs. The neighbors got together and built it, and in 1843 it was torn down. The first frame school house was built in 1860. The entire township constitutes one school district with seven sub-districts. The equalized value of real estate in the township last year (1881), was $174,601. The value of personal property was 5^)31,266. The township is divided into three road districts. The levied rate of road tax in 1881 was 3i mills; in 1882 it was four mills. The total amount of road tax was $930.85. ' • The present officers of the township are: Isaac Myers, Peter Long, J W. Bane, trustees; R. G. Geddes, clerk; A. F. Runyan, assessor; Nathan HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 747 Owens, treasurer; Isaac Meyers, secretary of school board; W. S. Ben- nett, constable; Jacob Zeller, Nathan Owens, justices of the peace. [Some of the tax levy items were not reported.] The first cemetery was on G. Wein's place [no date given], and is still in use. EARLY EVENTS. The following sketch of early settlement incidents in Penn township was written by Mr. A. G. Ruyan, from recollections of J. B. Dennison, J. H. Alt, and others of the first families on the ground. This township was first settled by John Gaylor and others. Mr. Gay- lor came from Illinois in the summer of 1838, and made the first claim in section 7; he afterward sold it to John Wilson and returned to Illinois, where it is supposed he died. Next came A. C. Denni::on, J. B. Denni- son, George S. Dennison and John M. Headly, in 1839; A. C. and G. S. Dennison and J. Headly from Illinois and J. B. Dennison from Ohio; the other three were also formerly from Ohio. They left Illinois with wag- ons drawn by cattle [oxen]. On their arrival at this place they put up at Gaylor's, but only for a short time, for in about one week they got together enough logs to erect two cabins, which they, with the assistance of neighbors below Iowa City — namely: I. P. Hamilton and two Mr. Millers — erected in one day. A few days later they were put under roof. G. S. and A. C. Dennison occupied the cabins, J. B. living with them. Headly went to Clear Creek township and made his claim. J. B. Denni- son lives now on the claim he first made, in section 1 ; G. S. Dennison lives on a farm in Clear Creek township; A. C. Dennison is somewhere in Kansas. J. B. and A. C. Dennison broke the first furrow on the farm now owned by Isaac Myers, in section 12, in 1839. J. B. Dennison says the first death was a child of Martin Harless, and was buried on its father's claim, in section 20, the farm now owned by Alex. Koser. The first birth of a female child was that of John Gaylor's — name of child not known. The first male child brought to the settlement was Girdon Dennison, who was three months old, son of A. C. Dennison. The first marriage was that of Nathaniel Scales to Miss Nancy Cro- zier, on the 30th day of August, 1842. The ceremony was performed by Judge F. H. Lee, of Iowa City. The first physician was Dr. William Crawford. It is not known for certain what became of him. The first school was taught by Benjamin Horner, in a log cabin erected b}' David Crozier, in section 17. Mr. Horner now lives in Iowa City. The first sermon was preached in Wilson's Grove, where Samuel Green now lives, in section 7, by Rev. Lineback, a Methodist preacher. In 1840 came George Wein, John W. Alt, Jacob H. Alt, Joseph A. Alt, 748 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Jackson Purdoo, Evan Dollerhide, Adam Alt, Ira Purdoo, Rev. Israel Clark, Martin Harless, Robert Waterson, John Aslin, Hugh Napier, David Crozier and others. Of the above named only two are yet resi- dents of this township, namely: Jacob H. and Joseph A. Alt (see biogra- phies). Carson B. and David Wray and James Chamberlin came the same year; they are now residents of Madison township. Of the others, some have died, some went farther west, and others back east. J. B. Dennison relates that in 1842 there were some Indians making sugar from trees on the river bottom. John Aslin and Napier went down and chased them away. They afterward traded them trees on the oppo- site side of the river for a buffalo robe. Of course they went over. The first grinding for the settlement was done at Davenport. J. B. and Geo. S. Dennison brought with them a load of wheat from Illinois and stopped there to get it ground. They were told by the miller that he could not grind it for a month. They then purchased one hundred pounds of flour, left the wheat, and George went with an ox-team in a month and got the grist. Soon after this a mill run by horse-power was erected at Wapsienonok (now West Liberty). At that time George S. Dennison was keeping as boarders James Hartman and others; they got out of bread-stuff, and sent [. B. Dennison to this place to mill. He bought of Mr. Clark four bushels of corn; this was put into the hopper and J. B.'s ox-team hitched to the lever and the corn ground. In 1843, a pretty good log school house was erected in section seven. Miss Frost taught the first school in this house, at a salary of eight dollars per month, boarding among the scholars, and receiving her pay in wheat, etc. This house was used for all religious and business meetings for a number of years. In 1860 the first frame school house was erected, in North Liberty. The first school taught in this house was by either Amanda Crozier or Lemuel Wilson. Since that time others have been built. There are now seven school houses and four good church buildings in the township. The first Sunday school was organized by Jacob Alt, John Wilson, James Miller, Francis Bowman, A. C. Denison and others. A. C. Denison was the first superintendent. In early days the settlers were of a literary turn of mind, but they had no public house to hold their debating clubs in, so they met in each other's houses. They would be largely attended, considering the few that were here at the time. It made an occasion for the neighbors to come together, shake hands, tell the news, show their ideas and capabili- ties, and get acquainted. [See something about this in Mrs. Hamilton's " Chronicles of Clear Creek," Chapter X, Part 3.— Edr.] ACCIDENTS. On the 27th day of January, 18Y7, S. B. Myers, while carrying away lumber from the saw mill of Chamberlin, Myers & Moreland, was drawn t HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 749 into the saw by a slab, and his lower limb so mangled that amputation was necessary. Doctors Young and Stewart preformed the operation, taking the leg off' three inches below the knee. Mr. Myers by the use of an artificialHimb, is able to do considerable labor. In 1844 a man by the name of Williams, from Pennsylvania, a Welch- man, settled in the timber, (the land now owned by Cyrus Abbott, on the river) living alone in a cabin. He was not seen for about two weeks; two young men out hunting, passed by, and looking in at the window dis- covered him lying on the floor dead. They went to Iowa City and told what they had seen. Then the coroner, Mr. Ricord of the city, Jacob H Alt, Joseph Alt, and perhaps others, went to the cabin, found him as above stated, and buried him. They thought he died from sickness, as no marks of violence could be found on his person. In a barrel of cloth- ing was found sixty-seven dollars. In 1845, near the same place, an Irishman by the name of Dean was cutting a tree to make rails; another tree had lodged against the one he was cutting, and when they fell Mr. Dean ran, but as they fell in opposite directions he failed to get far enough away, one struck him and killed him — they supposed instantly. STONE QUARRIES. This township has an abundance of stone, and it is noted for its non-freez- ing qualities; hence they are called the North Bend frost-proof stone. Of these quarries N. Zeller, Sen., owns the principal part of them, though the first one opened was owned by Mr. Wein, and William P. Doty of Iowa City did the work; he also was the first to open up Mr. Zeller's quarry, in 1849. Since that time an immense amount of stone has been taken from these quarries. B. Eastland is now engaged in getting out stone in one of these quarries, and George Madden in another, each of them employing a set of hands. There are two burying grounds in this township — one is section 17 called the Wein burying ground. The first person buried there was a child of C. B. Wray. There is another in section 1, about one and a half miles northwest of the town of North Liberty. It was established in the year 1849 or 1850, through the efforts of James Chamberlin, J. B. Deni- son, Elder Snavely, Elder Jacob Lininger and others. The first person buried there was Mary Lininger, daughter of Elder Jacob Lininger, in 1850. This ground is used by Penn and Madison townships — hence is called the Penn and Madison burying ground. TOWN OF NORTH LIBERTY. The town of North Liberty is situated eight miles northwest of Iowa City, and was laid off by Francis Bowman", in . Dr. Orrin built the first house and kept the first post-office. At this time (1882) there is one grocery store, and boot and shoe shop kept by H. A. White, present postmaster; one saddle and harness shop by John Andrle; one blacksmith 750 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. shop by John Northup; one wagon shop by A. H. Staller. There is also a steam engine of twenty-four horse power, that runs a saw mill^ sorghum mill, and feed grinder, the property of George and John Andrle. Also, two churches and two school houses. CHURCHES. Methodist Church.— \n the fall of 1841, the North Bend class (Metho- dist) was organized in a cabin on section 8, town 80, range 6. The original members were: George Wein, Mary Wein, Jacob H. Alt, Mary Alt, Maria Wray, Wm. Alt, Jane Alt. Their first church building was a frame erected in 1853, at a cost of about $700. The lumber for it was hauled up from Muscatine with ox teams. It was dedicated in 1855 by Rev. George B. Bowman. The present membership is eighteen. The follow- ing have been their successive pastors: Rey. C. Woolsev, '55-56; Revs. Hestwood and Banford, '56-57; Rev Wm. Postan, '57-59; Rev. J. B. Hill, '59--61; Rev. J. Carey, '61~«2; Rev J. A. Wilson, '62-63; Rev. S. H. Thomas, '63-65; Rev. J. M. Coates '65-67; Rev. J. Wild, '67-68; Rev. F. C. Garretson, '68-69; Rev. J Hillhouse, '69-70; Rev. D. Murphy, '70-71; Rev. G. W. Rawlings '71-72; Rev. A. V. Francis, '72-74; Rev. D. C. Bevan, '74-75; Rev. R A. Cornine, '75-76; Rev. E. Sampson, '76-78; Rev. J. Kenyon, '78-80 Rev. George Story, '80-81; Rev. H. F. Pugh, '81-83. The Church of God, was organized in 1847. The original members were: Jonathan Hawk, Catharine Hawk, Henry Bechtel, Susanna Bech- tel, John Kepford and Catharine Kepford. They have erected two frame churches; the first was built in 1856, and the present one in 1868, at a cost of $4,000. It is situated on section 12, township 80 north, range 7. It was dedicated Oct. 18, 1868, by Elder H. L. Soule. The pastors have been: E. Logue, J. L,ininger, M. F. Suavely, A. J. Fenton, D. Gill, A. Hol- lems, D. Wertz, A. C. Garner, J. J. Richardson, J. S. Miller, J. H. Besore and C. L. Wilson. The present membership is seventy. The Church of God discards all man-made disciplines, claiming the Bible alone as sufficient rule of faith and practice. They practice the observance of three ordinances — immersion, feet washing and the Lord's supper. Zioti Church, of the Evangelical Association, was organized in 1850. The original members were: David Green, Sr., Mary Green, John Green, Eliza- beth Green, David Green, Jr., Rachel Green, M.Albright, Anna Albright, Elizabeth M3^ers, Geo. Cramer and Anna Cramer. They have a frame church situated on section 16, township 80, range 7, which was erected in 1861, at a cost of $1,200. It was dedicated in February, 1861, by Sam- uel Dickover. Its pastors have been William Kolf, Henry Yambert, Henry Esh, J. Miller, A. Turntutcer, J. Schafle, D. B. Byers, J. Givens, J. W. More, D. N. Long, H. J. Bowman, J. Buzzard, C. H. Egge, J. Wag- goner, O. Long, E. F. Mell, C. W. Anthony, Wm. Clinefelter, J. H. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 751 Grag^y, H. A. Gramley, J. E. Stauftacker; and the present pastor D. W. Fink. The number of present membership is seventy-five. Peter Long furnished the following history of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of North Liberty: The Rev. H. T. Early was the first minister. The Rev. C. Kuhl, a traveling missionary, preached to them for a time, and after him came the Rev. David Spricker, and in January, 1859, organized a church with six- teen members. The Rev. I. G. Shaffer came to them in August, 1859. The Rev. James Helsell came in 1861, and after him came the Rev. A. M. Tanner, in 1864, and remained until Feb. 20, 1866, and in May, 1866» came Rev. C. Baird and the Rev. W. J. Leslie, in June, 1869, the Rev. W. H. Settlemyer came in 1870, and the Rev. B. T. Hill in Sept. 1873, and the Rev. Loyd Knight in 1877, and left in May, 1881, since which time they have been without a minister, except as the Rev. Ziegler of Iowa City, supplies the charge. The first officers were: J. P. Vonstein and Peter Long, elders; and Martin Group and Jacob Bowman, deacons. Francis Bowman was secretary. The present membership is about 50. The church edifice is a frame building, erected in 1868, at a cost of :^3,000. They have a church organ, and the house is well furnished. The present officers are: Peter Long and James Gilline, elders; Michael Zeller and J. P. Vonstein, deacons. LODGES. IVMe Marble Lodge, No. 238, A. F. and A. M., was instituted by Judge Wm. E. Miller, D. D. G. M., June 2, 1868. Date of charter, 1869. The charter members and first oflScers were: A.J. Miller, W. M.; M. F. Suavely, S. W.; Jacob Zeller, J. W.; Wm. Green, treasurer; David Stew- art, secretary; N. W. Owens, S. D.; T. N. Roberts, J. D.; J. E. Bealer, S. T. McDonald, stewards. The present officers are: D. H. Abbott, W. M.; A. D. Findley, S. W.; J. P. Vonstein, J. W.; C. B. Wray, treasurer; M. F. Suavely, secretary; A. G. Runyon, S. D.; Martin Lininger, J. D.; Sol. Rily and Wm. Puterbaugh, stewards; W. S. Bennett, tyler. The present membership is forty-seven. The meetings are held in a rented hall. Penn Lodge, No. 282, I. O. O. F., was instituted September 11, 1874; charter dated October 22, of same year. The charter members were: Henry Hackett, secretary; J. Madden, N. G.; J.;Beoler, V. G.; Peter Eberly, E. H. Pefter. The present officers [September, 1882,] are: J. F. Ramsey, N. G.; H. P. Stouffer, V. G.; L. W. Alt, R. S.; J. F. Price, P. S.; J. W. Anderson, treasurer; H. A. White, W.; D. W. Green, I. G. The number of members is seventeen; meet in a rented hall. THE MILLER FAMILY. A venerable citizen of this township, Rev. Samuel Miller, Sr., was the father of two boys who went out from here and have made a name o^ 752 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. honor unto themselves and the home place of their father. One of these sons, Wm. E. Miller, commenced as a lawyer, and finally became chief justice of the State. He now [1882] resides in Des Moines. Another son is Rev. Emory Miller, D. D., who has been a very popular pastor of the M. E. Church in Iowa Cit}^, but is now [October, 1882] stationed in Min- neapolis, Minn. The following sketch of the father of these men was published at the time of his death: Samuel Miller, Sr., was the son of Henry Miller and Rebecka Kremer, who were natives of Virginia. They immigrated to Somerset county, Pennsylvania, but remained there only one year, returning thereafter to Virginia. This year's sojourn in Pennsylvania, 1796, was the birth year of their son Samuel, hence, though of Virginian parentage he was really a Pennsylvanian; all the more so because his parents moved afterwards to the latter State when he was but seven years of age. They settled and remained in Westmoreland county until their family was reared and death ended their earthly pilgrimage. There, near and in the town of Mt. Pleasant, about three miles west of the most westerly range of the Alle- ghany mountains was spent about fifty-one years of the life just now closed. Westmoreland county was, during the early part of his life there, really a frontier border and afforded a life of robust struggle in subduing its gigantic forests and stony soil beset with wild beasts and wild men. Here he lived and wrought through the various stages of civilization from crude border life to the old and staid occupancy of the solid Pennsylvania burgher. In 1821, he married Mary Eichar, a grand-daughter of Daniel Eichar, who had, previous to the revolutionary war, bought Staten Island from the British government and colonized it from Holland, and who, dying during that time left the children, tossed by the vicissitudes of the revolution, to drift to the settlements west of the mountains, where Mary was born. The last seventeen years of his life in Pennsylvania v/ere spent in the capacity of an iron founder. In 1854 he sold his foundry and other prop- erty, and invested in farming lands, and settled in Johnson county, Iowa. In the pursuits of the farm he finished the days of his strength, when meeting with an accident which left him a cripple, he sold the farm and bought a home in North Liberty, where, within a stone's throw of the village church, he spent the last ten years of a bus}' life, and died April 30, 1881, aged 84 years, 9 months, and 6 days. Physically, he was compact, active and strong. Intellectually, large, versatile, but uneducated. Morally, he was earnest and conscientious; in religion, positive and fervent; and his will knew not how to yield to any- thing but duty and death. He had been a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church over sixty years. His understanding was clear to the last, and he spoke with calmness and confidence of his home above. Penn township has in 1882 only one post-office, North Liberty; Harry A. White, postmaster. t ' HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 763^ PLEASANT VALLEY TOWNSHIP. PLEASANT VALLEY PRECINCT. July 8, 1815, Ordered, That all that part of Johnson county lying east of the Iowa river and south of township 79, in ranges 5 and 6 west, of the 5th P. M., shall constitute one election precinct, to be known as " Pleasant Valley precinct," and that first election shall be held at the house of Robert Walker in said precinct, on the first Monday in August, 1845, and that notice be given for the election of one justice of the peace and two con- stables in said precinct on the first Monday in August next. PLEASANT VALLEY TOWNSHIP. February 10, 1846, Ordered, That all that part of Johnson county lying south of township No. 79 in ranges 5 and 6 west, and east of the Iowa river, be and the same is hereby set apart as a civil township, and shall hereafter be known as Pleasant Valley township, and that the first election be held at the house of Robert Walker in said township. The above boundaries took in all of the territory which is now divided into the three townships of Pleasant Valley, Fremont, and Lincoln. See history of these last named townships in their own place. It was called Pleasant Valley township from the fact that it is a pleas- ant and beautiful valley lying upon the Iowa river on the east bank, six sections in length, and about three and one-half sections in width, and contains an abundance of timber and water. The nearest point to civili- zation from the first settlers in the valley was Bloomington (now Musca- tine). The women of this settlement had to prepare all the cloth used for clothing from the raw material. Four yards of the cloth made in those days was sufficient for a dress. Basques, polonaises, overskirts, and lengthy trains were not then essential to a dress. The men tanned their own leather, made their own shoes and leather pants, and did much of the work themselves that is now done for their descendants by tailors and bootmakers. There is but one church in this township and that is the Methodist Episcopal Chmxh, situated on section 23 in the southern portion of the township, in what is called Morfordsville. Mr. Clarence Weld}', the clerk of Pleasant Valley township in 1882, reports that he has no township records of earlier date than 1855, and this was ten years after Pleasant Valley appears on the county records as an election precinct. We have, therefore, no record of who were the first township officers. Mr. Weldy gives the following township statistics. For school purposes we have one district township, with six sub-dis- tricts. The school-tax of 1881 was $850 teachers' fund and $300 contin- gent. The equalized value of real estate was for 15,783 acres, valued at $141,859, being nearly $8.50 per acre. The personal property was 754 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 729. We have eight road-districts. The road-tax levy in the several districts was as follows: Labor. Cash. Road-district No. 1 2 mills 1 mill Road-district No. 2 2| mills 1 mill Road-district No. 3 2 mills 1 mill Road-district No. 4 2 mills .... Road-district No. 5 2 mills . . . . Road-district No. 6 2 mills 1 mill Road-district No. 7 2 mills 1 mill Road-district No. S 2 mills 1 mill The total amount of road-tax was $510.72, being $126.78 in cash, and $383.94 in labor. The present township officers (September, 1882) are: Trustees, Alva Oathout, George W. Loan, and George B. DeSellem; clerk, C. Weldy; constable, James Long; assessor, James S. Wilson. We have no justice of the peace at present. There are two burying-grounds in the township — one on the old John I. Burge farm, and one on Joseph Walker's farm. Both were used in the pioneer days, and are still used. There is one post-office in the township, Morfordsville, named after a pioneer settler of 1837, familiarly known as "old Uncle Johnny Mofford." M. Smith is the postmaster. EARLY EVENTS. The very first settlements in Johnson county were made within the bounds of the territory now called Pleasant Valley township. The old trading houses were here, and many of the first comers in 1837 took claims in this township. See Chapter IV, Part 2, and Chapter II, Part 2, for many early events which transpired in this township. The Walker brothers settled here in 1837; Samuel and James arrived in May, along with Eli Myers, PhiHp Clark, Wm. Wilson and Eli Summy. In August of the same year Joseph Walker arrived. These brothers were from Portage county, Ohio. They all took claims partly in section 25, and partly in section 36; from this fact originated the joke on them — "these Walkers straddle the line." The first school house was a log one, built by the neighbors clubbing together and doing all the work themselves. It stood on the banks of Buck creek, on James Walker's claim, which was the southwest quarter of section 36. It was very near the line of Fremont township, and was the same one referred to in the history of that township, which see in another place, where the house is more fully described. Jerry Stover taught the first school. It was called the Walker school house. The first weaving of cloth done in this township is credited to Miss Mary Stover, who also did the first marrying in the county, and became HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Y55 Mrs, Benjamin Ritter. [See article on "first weddin|T, in Chapter IV, Part 2.] But the fact is, the women of the pioneer time all wove cloth and made clothing of it for themselves and children, and men-folks. Joseph Walker says "clothing was hard to get, and we men made buckskin breeches for ourselves, sewing them up with whang leather." SOME EARLY RECORDS. The township clerk's records of the election held April 2, 1855, says there were votes cast thus: For Against Prohibitory liquor law, 4-1 54 Hog law, •. 21 55 Poor house, 46 9 The township clerk records that "township trustees met at the church, September 9, 1855, and ordered me to exchange the paper (money) for gold, which I did, and it cost $1.35 on $134.00." This was in the days of what was known as "wild cat" bank paper money, and he was lucky if he got gold for it at one per cent, premium. SCOTT TOWNSHIP. February 10, 1846. Ordered., that all that part of Johnson county, known as congressional township number 79 north, of range number 5 west, of the 5th principal meridian, be and the same is hereby set apart as a civil township, and shall hereafter be known as "Scott township," and that the first election shall be held at the school house near Mathew Ten Eyck's. SCOTT AND NEWPORT TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES ALTERED. October 4, 1846, Ordered., that section numbers 34,35 and 36, and the south half of sections numbers 27, 26 and 25, of township number 80 north, range 5 west, be and the same is hereby attached and made a part of Scott township, in said county, for all civil and judicial purposes. On May 2, 1853, Alexander Waldron presented his petition asking that the northeast quarter of section 5, in township 78 north, range 5 west, on which he resides, be attached to Scott township. And it was thereupon on consideration, ordered, that the boundaries of Scott township be so altered as to include said quarter section. There is no post office in Scott township, although the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad runs entirely across it. The people go to Iowa City for mail and trading facilities. The most timber is in the northern part of the township. Higber's grove in the south-western portion of the township, on section^ 31 and 32, is a beautiful body of timber. The first settler in the township was Green Hill, who settled there in 1838; Chas. Jones came the same year; also John A. Street; and in 1839 John Parrott came and still lives on the same farm where he first settled. Isaac Bowen, Mathew Ten Eyck, John Mathews and Wm. B. Synder, were among those who followed soon after; and set- 756 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. tiers have been coming and going ever since. The C, R. I. & P. R. R. passes through sections 19, 29, 28, 27, 26 and 25, of Scott township; they have no station in this township. The market for the people of this town- ship is Iowa City. There are three churches in this township- — the M. E. Church on section 8, the Presbyterian Church on section 35, and the Quaker Church on section 35. The first named is a brick structure; the other two are frame buildings. The school facilities are good; they levied in 1882, $1,300 for teachers' fund; no school house fund; $800 contingent fund. W. W. Thompson is president of the school board. The majority of the farmers are from Ohio, New York and Pennsylvania. The first church in Scott township was organized in the fall of 1839, by the Rev. J. L. Kirkpatrick, near what is now called the Brick Chapel, on section 8, four and one-half miles east of Iowa City; the persons organizing this congregation were: John Parrott and wife, Isanc Bowen, A. T. McSwain, and B. M. Home. It was a iMethodist class. May 26, 1853, a frame church was erected, where the present one now stands. It was destroyed by tire in 1855. The present church, called the "brick chapel,'* was built in 1855, at a cost of $1,000. The membership of this church has been forty, but is now about thirty. Rev. Hindman is the local preacher. Mr. Mahlon Hollingsworth furnishes the following sketches: In the autumn of 1868 the society of Friends having held meetings at the house of Mahlon Hollingsworth for about a year, concluded to build a meeting house. They had two sites in view, one where the Franklin school-house now stands, and the other where the meeting house stands; the sites were wild prairie at the time, and surrounded by the same. So the Friends decided on a day to go and view the two sites and make a choice of which they would build on. Aquila Whitacre, Elijah Gregg, R. B. Sanders, Mahlon Hollingsworth, Poakley Monday, John Welch, Jona- than Gregg, met and examined the grounds. They seemed to be about equally divided, so Elijah Gregg made a mark with his foot on the ground between the two sites, and they agreed to decide the matter by standing on each side of the mark. Elijah said he did not care which way it went, and he stood straddle of the mark; then there were only six left, and they were equall divided, but one concluded to come over, and it was thus decided to build where the house now stands. On the 27th of first month, 1869, Friends were raising a subscription to build a meeting house, and not make three calls around to raise the money as it was wanted; and about the first of the fourth month, 1869, we had erected wh'at we called half a house, at a cost of $433.90, including the price of lot to build on. Aquila Whitacre, while on his death bed, third month, 1876, bequeath the society $500 to build the other end of the meeting house, which was immediately done, superintended by Mahlon Hollingsworth. The house is built on the northeast corner of the south- west quarter of section 35, township 79, range 5. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 757 SCOTT TOWNSHIP BEEF. In 1875 Mr. Leroy Rundell, of Scott township, " waked up one morn- ing and found himself famous," as the raiser of the best beef cattle in the market. Capt. H. W. Fyffe, of Iowa City, who is an enthusiast on all choice stock questions, investigated the matter in April, 1875, and obtained from Mr. Rundell the following valuable statement of his method of producing "gilt edge " beef, and the results: "November 1, 1873, I bought twenty-seven calves, the average of their age was about seven months, and up to that time they had run with the cows; they were then weaned, and I commenced feeding shorts, midlings and oats — equal parts — and at each feeding I gave corn in the ear, cut up with a spade; this was the first month. The second I left oft' the oats and added one-third corn meal, and the third month, corn meal and shorts, equal parts, and all the time some corn in the ear. I neyer allowed feed by them over an hour at a time, with the exception of clover hay, that was where they could get it at all times, as well as salt and sulphur. The average of their weight at seven months was 475 lbs. I sold to the butchers, to be delivered from April to the second of June. The average weight of twenty-three, at thirteen and one-half months old, was 908 lbs., a gain of 433 lbs. One I lost, and three I kept through the summer; turned them out to pasture and reduced their feed to shorts through July and August, then began to increase the same as in the previous winter. Took them to market December 22d, for Christmas. They were then twenty-two months old, and their average weight was 1,410 pounds. RECEIPTS. For twenty-three head, 20,884 lbs. at 5^ cts $1,148.62 For three head, 4,230 lbs. at 6^ cts 274.95 Total receipts $1,423.57 Mr. Lee Thorpe of Scott township, states that in 1875, in the month of May, a cow on his place had a calf that had the appearance of a wolf. He says it had two tusks, two pointed ears that stood straight up, and when it attempted to bawl it made a noise like a fox; it had a large short tail that was hairy and bushy two-thirds of the way up, and of a whitish gray color; it was about the size of an ordinary dog. He says he was bothered by a prairie wolf that winter that played through his barn; he killed the wolf Jan. 25, 1875, and the cow had this calf the following May. It was weakly, and after feeding it for about one week he killed it. It never sucked the cow. The State Press of July 13, 1881, relates the following: A couple of years ago on Hon, Jno. Hindman's farm in Scott township were two mares with colts by their side. One of them died and left her foal motherless, and about the same time the colt of the other died "and the bereaved dam adopted the colt of her dead mate and reared it. Last week he lost 48 758 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. another valuable mare by an attack of colic, and she left a colt. The mare which two vears ago foster-mothered the orphan has no colt of*her own this year and was not milking, of course; but soon as the motherless colt began to cry she adopted it voluntarily; it began sucking her dry paps and the maternal fountain closed by nature opened to .affection and she is now giving a full feed of milk to her second foster foal and makes as much fuss over it as though she had borne it herself. SHARON TOWNSHIP. February 1, 1858: And now on this day comes George T. Davis, Esq., and presents a petition signed by himself and other citizens residing in township 78 north, of range T west, of the .5th P. M., asking the county court to form a new township for civil purposes, embracing the boundaries of said original surveyed township, to be called "Sharon township." And the court being full}- advised in the premises; therefore, it is Ordered by the court, that township 78 north, of range 7 west, be and the same is hereby organized and formed into a new civil township to be ■called "Sharon township;" the first township election to be holden at Bonn's school house on section 16, in said township, on the first Monday in April, 1858, for the election of township officers therein. Josiah Griffin was chairman of the first township meeting; J. P. Rock- well was the first township clerk. The present officers are, J. J. Durst, John Butterbaugh and R.M.John- son, trustees; G. R. Hall, clerk; J. R. Roberts, assessor; N. B.Ford and T. D. Davis, J. P.; A. S. Ford and August Zager, constables. Sharon township is an independent school district, with nine sub-dis- tricts, and three directors for each sub-district. The road tax was four and one-half mills on the dollar on all taxable property for the year 1882. Sharon originally formed a part of Liberty and a part of Washington * townships, as will be seen by referring to the boundaries of those town- ships in difterent stages of their history. Sharon has in 1882 one post- office — Sharon Center, of which G. Hertlein, is postmaster. Thi& township has five churches — the Lutheran Church on section 16, with a grave-yard connected; the M. E. Church and grave-yard on sec- tion 22; the German Methodist Church, reported by D. W.Fnk; the United Brethren Church and grave-yard; the M. E. Church near George Hartsock's, and grave-yard near by. Rev. D. W. Fink furnishes the following particulars: The Sharon Evangelical Church was organized in 1866. The church building was erected in 1869, on section 22, township 78, range 7, and cost about $1,400. It was dedicated b}^ Rev. N. Lageshutte and others. The original mem- bers were: A. Schwemley, J. Repler, Merritt Schroater, Nordhaus F. Zager, and others. The number of members in 18b2 is about 41. The following have been the successive pastors: Revs. J. Bussard, D. N. Long, J.J. Miller, H.Cole, H. Kluzing, I.Wagoner, E. F. Mell, C. W. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 759 Anthony, Wm. Klinefelter, J.N.Zaggy, A. J. Gramly, J. E. Stauftacher, and in 18S2 D. W.Fink is the pastor. The St. yo/ws' Church. — The German Lutheran St. Johns' Church is situated on section 21, township 78, range 7. The original members were: M. Herman, J. Memmler, F. Ratzlaff, and F. Schmidt. It is a frame church, built in 1875, and was dedicated by the Rev. C. Ide, of Iowa City, in the same year. The pastors of this congregaticn have been Rev. Hoer- lein Ide, Hertleir Lupp, and Rev. C. Hartman. The number of member- ship in 1882 is sixty. The congregation built a fine little parsonage, but it is not occupied at present, for the reason that the congregation is not able to support a resident preacher, and they are supplied from Iowa Citj^ by the Rev. C. Hartman, who supplies three charges in Johnson county. The Sharon Cheese and Butter Association was organized as a joint stock company, and began operation June 18, 1881. The officers are: G. R. Hall, president; T.D.Davis, vice president; J.J. Marun, secretary; J. R. Roberts, treasurer; superintendents, J. O. Spencer and wife. The main building is a frame 28x48, two stories high. The work room and engine house is a frame building 16x32, one story high. In the work room chop feed is ground, and cheese boxes are made. The engine is a ten horse power, manufactured by Tulloss & Co., of Iowa City. The capacity for working up milk into cheese is 8,000 lbs. per day. The fac- tory opened with 600 lbs. per day; and from June 18th to Oct. 30,1881, the average per day was about 1,200 lbs. The largest amount of milk received any one day was 3,000 lbs. 24,000 lbs. of cheese was made in the factory from June 18th to Oct. 30, 1881. Capital invested $3,000; $1,400 of it was for machinery. They had not made any butter at this factory up to November, 1882. UNION TOWNSHIP. CHANGE OF BOUNDARY OF UNION TOWNSHIP. On March 6, 1854, Gotlieb Kossler presented a petition asking a change in the boundary lines of Union township, Johnson county, " so that sec- tions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 in township 78 north, range 7 west, (except southwest quarter of section 7,) be made a part thereof. And therefore the court being duly advised in the premises, do order that the boundary lines of Union township shall be as follows, to-wit: com- mencing at the northeast corner of township 79 north, range 7 west, thence south to the southeast corner of section 12 in township 78, range 7 west, thence west on the section line to the southwest corner of the southeast quarter of section 7, township 78, range 7, thence north to the center of section 7, thence west to the range line between ranges 7 and 8 west, thence north on said range line to the northwest corner of township 79, range 7, thence east to the place of beginning, and that the territory of land included in the bounds as above, shall hereafter constitute the town- ship of Union. 760 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Complete record of the origin and many changes of boundary of Union township was not found. Part of it at one time belonged to Clear Creek, part to Liberty, and another part to Washington townships. [See the history of those townships.] The first settlement made in this township was in 1889, and among the first settlers were James Sehorn, John Davis, Allison Davis, Gallatin Hartsock, Ed. Carson and A. H. Humphrey. In traveling over the township the e3^e rests upon some beautiful farm houses and fine orchards on nearly every quarter-section of land. The county poor farm is located in this township, on section 13, and is under the control and management of William Mullen, superintendent. The school tax levy for 1883 was $1,300 for teachers' fund, and if^BOO for contingent fund. The president of the school board is D. D. Jones. This township is well supplied with good iron bridges. In 1873 there was, in Union township, a lodge of Good Templars, called "Cambria Ludge No. 592 I. O. G. T." David A.Jones was then the worthy chief templar, and Thomas D. Roberts the worthy secretary. No further particulars were obtained concerning this lodge. There is no post office in Union township. Its people go mostly to Iowa City for mail and other business. The State Press of September 23, 1882, said: Mr. Rowland Reese, of Union township, on Monday marketed 69 fat hogs, averaging 323 pounds, for which he received $8.10 per hundred from Mr. Goodrich, fetching in the handsome sum of $1,782.96. November 9, 1881, the following item appeared: A freak is reported from the farm of Mrs. Sehorn in Union township, in the shape of a totally hairless calf. This calf is eight weeks old, perfectly formed, of a brown- ish color. It acts like other calves and seems to have the promise of a long life. It is the property of Mr. John Justice and he should provide a coat, cap and stockings for it that it may withstand the winter, for it may make a valuable addition to some standard show or museum. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. February 10, 1846: "Ordered, that all that part of Johnson county- contained in the following bounds, to wit: Commencing at the southwest corner of the county ; thence north on the county line to the center of township 79 north, range 8 west, thence east to the center of town- ship 79 north, range 7 west, thence south to the county line, thence west to the place of beginning, shall constitute one civil township, to be known as "Washington township," and the first election shall be held at the house of Wm. Fry, in said township. The above boundaries took in the south half of Hardin, the southwest one-fourth of Union, and the west half of Sharon. The other half of what is now Hardin township was afterwards taken from what was then Clear Creek township and added to Washington, as will be seen by the following order of the county board: HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 761 October 4, 1847: "Ordered, that the north half of township 70 north, ran^e 8 west, be and the same is hereby attached to, and shall herenfter be known as a part of Washington township, in said county, for all civil and judicial purposes." Washington township is located in the extreme southwest corner of the count}^; it is bounded on the north by Hardin township, on the east by Sharon township, on the south by Washington county, on the north by Iowa county. It is a congressional township of 36 sections and 36 square miles. The first settlements made in this township was in 1839. Among the early settlers we find, John Fry, Jacob Fry, Wm. Fry,James ShafT, Henry Rogers, Robt. Roup, T. R. Fry, John Graham and John Buckinghed. The township is thickly settled, and has many fine farm houses. There are a great many Germans in this township; they are well-to-do and hard working citizens. They make their farms produce all they possibly can raise; they are orderly and well behaved; they have fine farms, good buildings, and plenty of stock. They are quite up with the average farmers, and take great interest in owning fine horses, cattle and hogs. Mr. Peter Kettles, clerk of Washington township furnishes the follow- ing statistics: The township was organized in 1846. The first trustees were Titus R. Fry, Edward R. Carson and Wm. H. Fry; and the first clerk was Smiley H. Bonham. This is according to the old records of 1846. There are nine independent school districts in the township. The equalized value of real estate in the township last year (1881) was valued at $268,274; the personalty is $116,498. There are nine road districts in the township. The levied road tax in 1881 was three mills; the total amount of road tax was $1,154.31. The present officers of the township are: D. F, Rogers, S. C. Palmer and Isaac Graham, trustees; Peter Kettles, clerk; James W. Oldaker, assessor. There are in 1882 two post-offices in Washington township — Amish and Frank Pierce. Mr. Charles Yoder is postmaster at Amish, and Elias Fry at Frank Pierce post-office, which is also called Frytown. Each of these postmasters also keeps a store. This township is an independent school district, with nine sub-districts; and the following statistics are given for 1882: Sub. President. Teachers School house Continge t Dist. fund. fund. fund. No. 1. Elias Fry $100 . . . .'None levied $50 No. 2. Allen DeFrance 140 " " 60 No. 3. J.W.Graham 140 " " 90 No. 4. Jacob B. Miller 100 $125 " 60 No. 5. John Wagner 175 None " 50 No. 6. Moses Kemp 150 " " 60 No. 7. C. P. Brunneman 120 .. . " " 30 No. 8. S.W.Ford 156 " " 24 No. 9. P. Swartzendruber 90 " " 30 762 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. THE old-man's creek STORY. Mr. W. F. Smith of Washington township, relates how the name of " Old Man's Creek " originated. He says they called it Pa-pa-io see-po\ but some other old settlers give it as Push-i-to-see-^o. Mr. Smith says this creek was their hiding place for their old men, women and children, wiien the braves went oft" " on the war path." The Musquakies and other Sac and Fox tribes were at mortal enmity with certain Sioux tribes on the headwaters of the Iowa river, and beyond. And when the Sac and Foxes were ready to make a foray on their up stream enemies they would send their non-combatants out onto Papato creek for concealment, in case they should be worsted in the fight and be pursued down the river by their victorious enemies. In Liberty township, about four or five miles up the creek from its mouth, and then about a mile from the creek there is a high knoll of land between the creek and the river; from the top of this knoll both streams can be seen; and also the surrounding country for a great many miles. This place is called the " Indian lookout," and formed a way mark to reckon localties from in its neighborhood by the early set- tlers, but had been used by the Indians to watch for their returning war- riors coming down the river with good or bad news, or with enemies pur- suing, and communicate it b}' a short run of a mile or two to the home camp, when the canoes would have to go eight or ten miles farther around by way of the streams. Mr. Smith's theory is that the name Papato (or Pushito, or Peshito, as some give it) was a combination of Indian words meaning simply "old and young," without any distinction of man or woman — and simply meant a place of safety or concealment for the old men who could not go to war, and the children. Yet with their meagerness of language and narrowness of ideas, it is altogether likel}' that " old man " or " old men " would bejthe dominant and foremost element of the name or expression, and the idea in their minds with regard to it. There is another story current of an " Old man living on the creek," sometime, somehow, somewhere, but nobody could tell anything certain about it, and it seemed so vague, misty and improbable that this historian rejects it as wholly apochryphal. Mr. Smith's explanation has at least the merit of practical probability and common sense to it, and hence we give it the preference. i\ll this southwest part of the county was orig- inally called Old Man's Creek precinct. Note. — Since the above was furnished to the printers, Mr. D. W. Wood reports that the " Indian Lookout " is on the Etzel farm, near Jerry Stover's, or about on the line between West Lucas and Liberty townships. This is a little more definite, but not different from the location as given above. Biographical Sketches. SAMUEL J. KIRKWOOD, of Iowa City, Was born in Hartford county, Maryland, December 20, 1813; received a limited education at the Academy of John McLeod, in Washington City; removed to Rich- land county, Ohio, in 1835, and studied law there; was admitted to the bur in 1843; was elected prosecuting attorney in 1845 and again in 1847; was in 1850-51, a member of the convention that formed the present con- stitution of the State of Ohio. Removed to Johnson county, Iowa, in 1855; was elected to the State Senate jin 1856; was elected Governor in 1859 and again in 1861; was in 1863 nominated by President Lincoln and confirmed as minister to Denmark, but declined the appointment; was in 1866 elected to the United States Senate to fill the unexpired term of Hon. James Harlan; was in 1875 again elected governor of Iowa, and resigned that office January 31, 1877; was elected in January, 1876, to the United States Senate as a republican, to succeed George G. Wright, republican. His term of service would have expired on March 3d, 1883, but on March 8, 1881, he resigned his seat to accept the position of Secretary of the Interior in President Garfield's cabinet. In consequence of the death of President Garfield and change of administration, he retired from the cabi- net April 17, 1882. When the war for the union commenced in 1861, Mr. Kirkwood was engaged with his brother-in-law, Ezekiel Clarke, in operating the large flouring mill at Coral ville; but he at once gave his entire attention and energies to the war business of the state. Among all the men who held high positions at that time, none stand to this day in greater honor and reverence in the green remembrance of the nation than this same "War Governor" of Iowa. Mr. Kirkwood was married, December 27, 1843, to Miss Jane Clarke, whose father moved at an early day from Washington county, Pennsylvania, to Richland counLy, Ohio, where she was born. She is a sister of Hon. Ezekiel Clarke, ot Iowa City; also sister to Mrs. Col. E. W. Lucas, of Iowa City, and the late Mrs. Wesley Redhead, of Des Moines. Mr. and Mrs. Kirkwood have had no children born to them, but raised an adopted son, Samuel Kirk- wood Clarke, who was adjutant of the 25th regiment Iowa Infantry; was shot through the knee at the battle of Arkansas Post, January 11, 1863. The surgeons, hoping to save his leg, did not amputate, as would have been the safer way under the circumstances; for he lingered in extreme suftering and died of the wound, at St. Louis, February 20, 1863. It is only in the rarest of cases that so severe an injury at the knee joint can 764 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. make a good recovery even in civil life, where the patient has the very best of nursin^r and surgical attention; and in the conditions of army life such a recovery was well nigh a practical impossibility. But the surgeons did what seemed best in the haste and excitement and inexperience of the time; and probably in accordance with young Kirkwood's wishes, also, for he naturally would not wish to have the leg amputated if there seemed' any possible hope of saving it. But in this, as in almost every other simi- lar case in the war time, the hope, looking fair for awhile, proved delusive at last. The noble boy wished to save his leg so he could go back to his post of duty, which he could not do if it was amputated; but it was not to be so; and his name is enrolled in the nation's galaxy of martyr heroes, who died for the cause of the Union, and human rights in all the ages. THEODORE SUTTON PARVIN was born January 15, 1817, in Cumberland county. New Jerse}^ His father loved 'the blue above and the blue beneath,' and in his younger days was a seafaring man, and was the commander of a vessel for a number of years. As his father's calling took him much from home, the early training of Theodore fell mainly to his mother, a devoted christian lady, of the Presbyterian faith. In Novem- ber, 1829, he removed with his father's family to the city of Cincinnati, Ohio, and soon afterward entered Woodward College, at that place, where he soon distanced all competitors, especially leaving some of the foremost a long way behind in mathematics. In the fall of 1833, having success- fully and meritoriously passed through the college course, he commenced to be 'learned in the law' with Hon. Timothy Walker, afterward judge of the superior court. Uniting the benefits of office study with the more illustrative teachings of the school, he entered the Cincinnati Law School, from which he was graduated in 1837, and immediately admitted to prac- tice. In the spring of 1838, Robert Lucas, who had been governor of Ohio, was appointed by President Van Buren governor of the young ter- tory of Iowa. Lucas, on his way from his home in the interior of Ohio to assume his new office, tarried a while in Cincinnati, to purchase a territo- rial library, and, as may be supposed, to re-stock his carpet-sack with shirts and collars; for Iowa was then in tiie far, uncertain, and uncultivated west, as distant from haberdashers and gentlemen's furnishing estabhsh- ments as from books and libraries. Of course the old and new governor had friends in the metropolis of Ohio, and was a lion among them. At the tea-table of a mutual friend of the governor (one of whose practical mottoes through life ever was, that the first impulse was the best, and the first decision most correct), met young Parvin, and was so struck with the manners and conversation of the youth that he nominated him off-hand as his chief-of-stafi; like Napoleon promoting a soldier for good behavior on the field of battle. Parvin accepted the post of private secretary, and accompanied the governor to Burhngton, then temporary capital of Iowa. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 765 The stern governor, from that day to his death, never regretted having chosen the stripling lawyer as his confidential secretary, and never fal- tered or wavered in his affection for him. He retained the office of gov- ernor's secretary until the governor promoted him to that of prosecuting attorney for one of the three districts into which Iowa was then divided, when he took up his residence at Muscatine, at that time known as Bloom- ington. He was the prosecuting attorney of the first district court ever held in Johnson county — held by Judge Joseph WiUiams, in the "Gilbert Trading House." At the end of two years he resigned the position of prose- cuting attorney, to be elected for three consecutive terms judge of the pro- bate court. Previous to this he had held the office of secretary of the leg- islative council, during the session of 18i0-'41. Upon the organization of the United States District Court for the district of Iowa, Judge Parvin was appointed its clerk, a position he held for ten years, embracing the entire term of Judge Dyer's service, and until the latter's death, in 185.5. In 1856, Judge Parvin was elected register of the state land office; therefore, in the second year of Judge Lowe's term on the United States District Court bench, he resigned the clerkship of the court. Indebted to the public school system of Ohio for a liberal education, it is no wonder that Mr. Parvin has always been an enthusiast in the cause of education. He brought order out of chaos to the free schools of Muscatine when the present school code was adopted in Iowa, serving as president of the school board of that city. At the initial steps for the organization of the State University, in 1854, the legislature recognized the value of his counsel and experience in educational affairs, by electing him one of its trustees. He was again elected trustee by the board of education, 1858, but resigned the next year, upon his election as "Curator and Librarian," a compound title, which was accompanied by all the powers of president of the University, except title, as "Lord Protector" meant king with Cromwell. But at the end of 1859 a president de nominie as well as de facto was appointed, and Mr. Parvin exchanged the title Curator and Librarian for that of "Professor of Natural History," which chair he held for eight years. We find him, during his University career, at different times filling various chairs — those of Geology, Physical Geography, Botany, Physiology, Zoology, Meteorology, and Polit- ical Economy — besides teaching such branches as Ancient and Modern His- tory, Ancient Geography, History of Modern Civilization, etc., which do not seem to have been considered sufficiently abstruse of themselves to entitle the teacher thereof to the title of Professor. Sometimes he filled two or three chairs at a time; for whenever a chair jwas temporarily vacant, through sickness or unavoidable absence of its proper occupant, the Professor, whose varied information supplied every deficiency was at hand and the constant word was, "Send for Parvin." Political Economy was the last chair filled by Prof. Parvin. In May, 181:3, Prof. Parvin was married to Miss Agnes McCully, They have six children, two daughters and four sons, the eldest daughter and eldest son being married. The elder daugh- 766 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. ter was one of the first three ladies to take the degree of A. B. in the State University, and, so far as we know, they were the first females to take this degree in the United States. In 1850, Prof. Parvin united with the Pres- byterian church, in which body he is as honored and useful as in any other walk of life. For long years he was the superintendent of the Pres- byterian Sunday School in Muscatine, and when he removed his resi- dence to Iowa City the same position was thrust upon him here, and he holds it still, by virtue of the relentless decrees of pastor, elders and schol- ars. Besides acting as an ofiicer in the school board of Iowa City, Prof. Parvin served for a short time as Superintendent of Schools for Johnson county, to which office he was elected without solicitation, by his political opponents, which is a tribute to worth, the simple statement of which is more valuable than a studied eulogy, pronounced in the most honeyed rhetoric. While serving as Superintendent, his visits lent new attractions to the school room. The little girls and boys would carry to their parents at home the pleasant words of encouragement that Mr. Parvin said, and be anxious to hear him again. Prof. Parvin was one of the institutors of the State Historical Society, in January, 1857, serving as a member of the first and subsequent boards of curators, until December, 1863, when he was elected corresponding secretary, to which latter office he was re-elected in 1864 — his second term expiring in December, 1865. In 1865 he was again elected a member of the board of curators, and in 1866 one of the vice-presidents of the society. During the two years he was correspond- ing secretary he edited the Annals of Iowa. He has always been, since its establishment, an active friend and liberal benefactor of the society. Prof. Parvin's residence has been in Iowa City since 1860. In early life an accident entailed upon him permanent lameness, which turned his incli- nations away from outside sports and out-of-door occupations toward the cultivation of letters and the study of books. It is thus that what appear at the time the greatest misfortunes and calamities, are often, under Heaven, converted into blessings for us, and the sources of happiness. Prof. Par- vin was one of the founders of the Masonic Grand Lodge of Iowa, which was organized January 8, 1844. He was elected grand secretary then, and has served the order in that capacit}^ ever since — a period of over thirty-eight years; he was made grand master one year, but also did the duties of grand secretar}^ at the same time. He has taken every degree pertaining to the order of Masonry, from the lowest to the highest known in this or 2iny other country. He was the father and founder of the Ma- sonic Grand Lodge Library, the first one of its kind in the United States, having been commenced in 1844 with nine volumes of Masonic literature donated by himself. This library has grown steadily ever since, under his personal, watchful, and unceasing care, and now numbers about 15,000 volumes. As it is an Iowa City institution, a sketch of it will be found among the Masonic statistics of Iowa City. HISTORY OF JOH>SON COUNTY. 767 STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY AND INSTRtJCTORS. JOSIAH L. PICKARD, A. M., L. L. D., President of the State Uni- versity of Iowa, and instructor in Civil Polity, was born March 17, 1824, in Rowley, Essex county, Massachusetts. He was married Aug. 24, 1847, to Miss Cornelia Y.C. Woodhuil, daughter of Prof. Woodhull of Rutger's College. He h^s twice received the degree of L. L. D., the Chicago University and college at Beloit, Wisconsin, both conferring upon him that honor he so richly deserves. He educated himself for college at the academy in Lewiston, Maine. He entered Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, and graduated in September, 1844. He taught in the public schools in Minot, Maine, in the winter of 1842 and '43. In 1844 he took charge of the academy at North Conway, New Hampshire, and in Decem- ber, 1845, he came to Elizabeth, Jo Daviess county, Illinois, and taught school until November, 1846. We next find him in 1846, at Plattsville, Grant county, Wisconsin, in charge of a re-organized academy of live students, and when he left in 1859, the number attending was nearly 200. Dr. Pickard was selected by the board of regents of the S. U. I. for presi- dent, and entered upon his duties as such in June, 1878. He was elected to the State Superintendency of Wisconsin in 1859, and twice re-elected; resigned in 1864 and became Superintendent of Schools of Chicago, annually re-elected for thirteen years, resigning in 1877. His efibrts and labors in behalf of the institution have proven a grand success, and the position of honor, profit, and trust placed in his hands by the board has been faithfully administered. The State University has prospered under his management, and now ranks among the best educational institutions in America. It has proven to be the " Athens of Iowa." SAMUEL CALVIN, A. M., Professor of Natural Science and Curytor of the University Cabinet of the State University, was born February 2, 1840, in Wigtonshire, Scotland. His parents came to America and settled in Saratoga county. New York, where they resided for four years, and then located in Buchanan county, Iowa. He was connected with Lenox Col- lege, Hopkinton, Iowa, from 1864 to 1869, as Professor of Natural Science. In 1869 he accepted the position in one of the Dubuque schools, and lived in that city until 1874, when he was elected to his present postion in the S. U. I. He was manied in 1865 to Miss Louisa Jackson of Hopkinton, Iowa. He served as a faithful soldier in the 44th Iowa Infantry in 1864. He is one of the instructors of the State University that seems to be very popular among the students. A republican in politics. ELMER F. CL APP, M. D., Professor of Anatomy in the State Univer- sity, was born the 10th day of April, 1843, in St. Lawrence county. New York. He was educated at the Normal University ot Bloomington, Illi- nois, entering that school in 1858, and remained there until April 23, 1861. 768 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. When the war broke out he enlisted in the Eleventh Regiment oflUinois, and served, a faithful soldier, during the entire war, and was honorably- discharged in November, 1865. He graduated from Bellevue Hospital Medical College in March, 1870, having attended the Ann Arbor Medical College in 1867-68. He commenced the sudy of Medicine in the army, and when discharged entered the office of Dr. Rosseau in Washington, Iowa. He was appointed professor of anatomy of the S. U. I. in Sep- tember, 187J, which position he has filled with credit ever since. He retained his office and practice at Washington, Iowa, until 1873, when he settled in Iowa City and began the practice of medicine and surgery in Johnson county. He was secretary of the faculty in 1873. He is attending surgeon and president of the board of directors of Mercy Hospital of Iowa City, and it was due to the united eflbrts of Dr. Shrader and Dr. Clapp that the hospital was established. He is a member of the Iowa City, the Johnson County, the Washington County, the District, and the State Medical Societies, and of the American Medical Society. A republican in politics; he was a member of the city council m 1880-81; a member of the board of health and health officer in 1881; is the presi- dent of the Republican Publishing Company; has been president of the board of trade of Iowa City since 1878. He is surgeon for the C, R. I. & P. railroad, also surgeon for the B., C. R. & N. railroad; a member of all the Masonic bodies in Iowa City and of the Knights of Pythias of Iowa City. He was married December 19, 1877, to Mrs. C. M. Barrett of Wapello, Louisa county, Iowa. AMOS. N. CURRIER, A. M., Professor of Latin language and Lit- erature, State University of Iowa, residing in Iowa City; was born Oct. 13, 1832, in Canaan, New Hampshire. He is a graduate from Dartmouth College in 1856. He was elected in 1857 as Professor of Ancient Lan- guages in the Central University of Iowa, and remained in that position until 1861, when he enlisted as a private in the 8th Iowa regiment volun- teer infantry, and was with it in all battles in which it was engaged, until April, 1862, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, he was taken prisoner. He was released in June, 1862. He then entered the service as commis- sary of the 11th regiment Missouri volunteer cavalry, and was with it until the end of the war in 1865, when he returned and took his position in the aforesaid university, and remained in that position until elected to his present position in the State University of Iowa in 1867. He was mar- ried September 0, 1S68, to Miss Celia A. Moore, of Brighton, Iowa. He in company with Prof. Parker visited Europe in 1875. He is the author of a book entitled "Latin Suffixes." Independent republican. ALLEN C. COWPERTHWAITE, M. D., Ph. D., Professor of Materia Medica, and Diseases of Women in the Homeopathic Medical Department, and Dean of the Faculty, State University, a resident of Iowa City was born May 3, 1848 in Cape Ma}-, New Jersey. He came with his HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 769 parents to Illinois while quite youn^. He is a graduate of Toulon Semi- nary in 1865. He graduated irom the Hahnemann Medical College at Philadelphia, March 3, 1869. He located at Galva, Illinois, and practiced medicine for tive years, and moved to Nebraska City. He took an active part in organizing the homeopathic profession in Nebraska, and was the recognized leader of that school of medicine. He received the degree of doctor of philosophy from the Central University of Iowa in 1876, and that year became the author of a w^ork on " Insanity in its Medico-Legal Relation." He was elected to the chair of mental and nervous diseases in his "alma mater," and had accepted the position when notified of his elec- tion to his present position in the State University in 1877, which he accepted. He becaine author of a work on Materia Medica in 1880 that is used as a text-book in all homeopathic colleges in Europe and America. He was married June 20, 1870, to Miss Ida Erving, of Oskaloosa, Iowa. He is a prominent member of the I. O. O. F. of Iowa City; republican in politics; member of Baptist Church; an honorary member of a large number of local and state medical societies, and is prominently connected with the American Institute of Homeopathy, the national organization of homeo- pathic physicians. CHARLES A. EGGERT, A. M., Ph.D., Professor of Modern Lan- guages and Literature, State University of Iowa, residing in Iowa City; was born Oct. 1, 1835, in Magdeburg, Saxony, Prussia. He was educated at the Universit}^ at Berlin, also graduated at Heidelburg, taking the degree of doctor of philosophy in 1870, after which he spent two years studying art, principally in Italy. He took several courses of lectures while in Paris. He traveled in the summer of 1859, in England, and came to America in the fall of that year. His brother, in company with the professor, bought land in Delaware county, Iowa, and farmed, but with no great prosperity attending these labors. He was a soldier in the late civil war, enlisted in the 6th Iowa Cavalry, 1862, but owing to an accident in which he received injuries, after six months of monotonus army life, left the ranks and commenced teaching in the high school at Davenport. He was ten months a book-keeper in the Muscatine Natior-ial Bank in 1864. He was elected to his present position in the State Uni- versity of Iowa, in February, 1865. He was married in 1867 to Miss Sophy M. French, of Muscatine. He received the degree of master of arts from Princeton College in 1867. He visited Europe in 1876. Is known as one of the most ardent admirers of H. C. Carey's system and theory of political econom}'. STEPHEN N. FELLOWS, A.M., D. D., Professor of Mental and Moral Science and Didactics, State University of Iowa, residing in Iowa City; was born May 30, 1830, in North Sandwich, N. H. His parents settled in Dixon, Illinois, in 1834, and by the death of his father in 1840, the family was left in reduced circumstances, and he was compelled to strug- 770 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. gle with the cold charity of an unfriendly world. At eighteen years of age he entered Rock River Seminary at Mt. Morris, Illinois; in 1851 he entered Asbury University at Green Castle, Ind.; in 1854 received the degree of Batchelor of Arts. He taught Latin and mathematics during his junior and senior year. Before he graduated he was elected pro- fessor of mathematics and natural science in Cornell College, at Mt. Ver- non, Iowa, which position he held for six years. He joined the Upper Iowa Conference of the M. E. Church in 1850. In 1867 he was elected to his present position in the State University of Iowa. He received the degree of D. D. from Cornell College in 1871. He was married March 13, ] 856, to Miss Sarah L. Matson, daughter of Dr. S. G. Matson, of Anamosa, Iowa. This union is blessed with six children, four living, two sons and two daughters. A prominent member of the Masonic fraternity; a repub- lican in politics, and a very active worker in the temperance cause. GUSTAVUS HINRICHS, A. M., M. D., professor of Physical Science and Director of the Laboratory, State University of Iowa, residing in Iowa City; was born December 2, 1836, in Lunden, Holstein, Germany. He graduated from the Polytechnic school, Copenhagen, Denmark; came to America in 1861; was teacher in the Davenport high school until the fall of 1862. He entered the State University of Iowa as teacher of modern languages in the fall of 1862; was elected Professor of Physics and Chem- istry in 1863. His entire time is devoted to the department of chemistry and natural philosophy. In 1875 he began issuing the Iowa Weather Service reports. The State recognizes the value and importance of this work, and makes a small appropriation to pay expenses in connection with the service. He is the author of many valuable works on Physics, Chemistry and Mineralogy, besides treats on various subjects of great value to the student. C. M. HOBBY, M. D., the lecturer on Opthamalogy and Otology, demonstrator of Anatomy and Curator of the Medical Museum in the medical department in the State University, a practiciug physician in Iowa City, and one of the curators of the State Historical Society, was born October 16, 1848, in Schenectady, New York. His father died in 1850, and his mother made her home with his grandfather. Philander Mead, in Genoa, one of the early physicians in central New York, having begun practice there in 1811; he died in 1852, and the mother of Dr. H. con- tinued to reside in the old homestead with her brother. Dr. Nelson Mead, and the Dr. H. you see in Iowa Cit}^ has always been acquainted with dead men's bones from his earliest infancy. He attended Moravia Academy, New York, in the fall 1862, and continued there until 1866. He commenced the study of medicine under his uncle, January 1, 1867, and after attending for three years Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City, graduated March 1, 1870. He came to Iowa in 1872, and commenced the practice of medicine at Wilton, Iowa, he was there HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 771 but a short time when he went back to his old home, and was married in June, 1874, to Miss Mar}^ L. Parker, of Pittsfield, Mass., an old school mate of his at Moravia Academy. He returned to Wilton, Iowa, in April, 1875, and was appointed lecturer in the medical department S. U. I. in 1875, and demonstrator of anatomy in 1876, at which time he moved to Iowa City. He is a member of the Johnson County Medical Society, and of the State Medical Society, and secretary of the Iowa Academy of Sciences. He is one of the attending surgeons of Mercy Hospital of Iowa City. He is a member of various beneficial and charitable institutions of Iowa City. A democrat in politics. He is health officer for Iowa City ior 1882. NATHAN R. LEONARD, A. M., Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy and Dean of the Collegiate Faculty, State University; was born in Nov., 1832, in Franklin county, Ohio. He resided at his birth place nea r Columbus, Ohio, until he was 11 years of age; his youthful days were spent on a farm. He came with his parents to Burlington, Iowa, in 1844 ; he graduated from the Presbyterian College at Kossuth, Iowa, in 1857, in the first class sent out from this institution ; he was a resident graduate of Harvard during the winter of 1857-58, attending the lecturers of Pro- fessor Pierce, an accomplished mathematician. He was a teacher of mathematics from 1854, in the college he graduated from, until 1857; he taught mathematics and natural science from 1858 to 1860 in the Yellow Springs College at Kossuth. He was elected to his present position in the S. U. I. in 1860, which position he has held continually since. Mr. Leonard was president pro tern of the S. U. I. from the spring of 1866 until the beginning of the fall term 1868, and acted in that capac- ity for 1870, during the time intervening the retirement of president Black and coming in of president Thatcher. He is a faithful and devout mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church of Iowa City, and represented the Pres- bytery of Iowa City at the General Assembly at Madison, Wisconsin. He was city civil engineer from 1871 to 1874, and from 1878 to 1881. Mr. Leonard w^as married August 25, 1853, to Miss Elizabeth Heizer, of Kossuth, Des Moines county, Iowa. This union is blessed with five chil- dren, Levi O., Minnie E., Charles R., Frank M., and Maggie. A mem- ber of the A. O. U. W. No. 4, of Iowa City; a republican in politics, and his first presidential vote was for Fremont. EMLIN McCLAIN, A. M., resident Professor of Law, State University residing in Iowa City, was born Nov. 26, 1851, in Salem, Ohio. He came with his parents to Tipton, Cedar county, Iowa, in 1855. He graduated from the S. U. I. with the class of 187L He taught in the Iowa City Academy, owned and conducted by his father during the year 1872, and prepared himself and took the degree of A. B., in 1872. He attended the law department S. U. I., and graduated in the class of 1873. He entered the law office of Gatch & Wright, of Des Moines, as clerk 772 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY and stenographer in 1873, and remained in that capacity until 1877, in the mean time serving two terms as clerk of the Senate committee on claims in Congress, Senator Wright being chairman, 1875-76-77. Mr. McClain was married February 19, 1879, to Miss Ellen L. Griffiths, of Des Moines, Iowa. He is the author of McClain's Annotated Statutes of the State of Iowa, published in 1880, a work highly appreciated by the legal profession. He was elected resident Professor of Law in S. U. I., and moved to Iowa City, September 1, 1881. MRS. ADA NORTH, the present Librarian of the State University, was born in 1841, in Alexander, New York. She is the daughter of Rev. M. N. and Mary K. Miles. She graduated from the Ohio Female College near Cincinnati, in 1859. She was married September 12, 1865, to Mr. George J. North, at Geneseo, 111.; he died in 1870. Mrs. North was appointed State Librarian and served in that office from 1871 to '78. She was appointed Librarian of the S. U. I. in 1879. The students find her an obliging librarian. The vast experience she brought with her to the pres- ent responsible position is of great importance in helping the anxious, weary and over-worked student to dig out from the vast store house of > knowledge she controls, such facts as will aid in smoothing the rugged pathway of the verdant mind. LEONARD F. PARKER, A. M., Professor of Greek Language and Literature and History, and Instructor in Comparative Philology, State University, a resident of Iowa City; born August 3, 1825, in Arcade, New York. He graduated from Oberlin College with the degree of A. B. in 1851. He taught school in Pennslyvania after leaving college, until 1856. He came to Iowa and settled in Grinnell in that ^-ear, and was a teacher in the public school for three years, and was elected Principal of the Prepara- tory Department of Iowa College and acting President. He was elected Professor of Ancient Languages in 1861, and remained in that position until 1870, when he was elected to the position in the University he now fills. In 1868 he was elect'ed representative from Poweshiejc county one term. While a member of the Board of Regents he was instrumental in giving two free scholarships for the State University in each county. He traveled in Europe in 1875 in company with Professor Currier. He was married at Oberlin, Aug. 21, 1853, to Miss Sarah C. Pearse. This union is blessed with one child, Harriet J., a graduate from the University, class of 1879, and was a teacher of Greek and German until her marriage with Mr. John Campbell, a graduate of the University, class 1 877, A. B., and class of 1879, L. L. B. He is a member of the Congregational Church of Iowa City; a republican in politics. P. H. PHILBRICK, M. S., C. E., Professor of Civil Engineering, State University, a resident of Iowa City, was born March 8, 1839, in New York state. He was educated at Tafton Seminary, Grant county, Wisconsin. He was a soldier in the civil war from 1861 to 1865^ HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 77S entered the army in the 20th regiment, Wisconsin Vol. Infantry. After the war he entered the Michigan University and graduated from both the scientific and engineering departments in 1868. From that time he was engaged continually in the work of engineering in Michigan, Indiana and Ohio, principally on railroad work, until 1873 he was elected to his present position in the S. U. I. He was appointed city engineer in 1874, and served as such until 1878, and was again appointed in 1881, and is at present the city engineer of Iowa City. He was married August 14, 1862, to Miss Malah P. Brackett, of Grant county, Wis. He is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, also of the American Society for the Advancement of Science. LEWIS W. ROSS, A. M., Resident Professor and Chancellor of the Law Department in Iowa City, was born October 27, 1827 in Butler county, Ohio. He graduated from the Miami University of Oxford, Ohio, with the degree of A. B., June 24, 1852. He was admitted to the bar of Butler county after reading law two years in the office of Judge Josiah Scott & McFarland, and opened an office in Hamilton, Ohio, and practiced law until the fall of 1856, when he moved to and settled in Lewis, Cass county, Iowa, and engaged in speculation that did not prove a grand suc- cess, and in June, 1858, opened a law office in Lewis, where he continued to practice law until January, 1861, when he settled in Council Bluffs, Iowa, and practiced law in the State and Federal courts. He was elected to the Iowa State Senate in 1863 and served four years. He was married July 12, 1855, to Miss Zoe M. Brown, of Lebanon, Ohio, daughter of the Rev. Simeon Brown. This union is blessed with five living children. He was elected to the chair of resident professor of law, State University, and moved to Iowa City, and in June, 1881, was promoted to the position of chancellor of the law department, which position he now holds. MRS. PHEBE SCOFIELD, Assistant Professor of Mathematics, State Universit}', a resident of Iowa City, was born Nov. 29, 1835, in Chili, Union county, New York. She came to Iowa, and settled in Davenport and began teaching in the public schools of that city in 1863, and con- tinued in that city teaching until 1874, when she came to Iowa City to teach in the State University, and continued as an instructor until 1880, when she was elected to the position of assistant professor of mathematics. JOHN C. SHRADER, M. D., and A. M. Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women in the Medical Department of the State University of Iowa, and practicing physician and surgeon in Iowa City; senior partner of the firm of Shrader & Little; office in the opera house block, on Clinton street, near the Palace Hotel. Was born April 24, 1830, in Washington county, Ohio. He settled in Linn county, Iowa, in 1855, and 49 Y74 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. engaged in farming and stock-raising. In 1857 he assisted in organizing Western College in Linn county near Shueyville, Johnson county, and was a teacher in that institution, and under Dr. Crouse & Dr. Parmenter he resumed the study of medicine. He attended medical lectures in Brooklyn, and was but fairl}'- established in his medical profession when Governor Kirkwood recognized in him the proper spirit and element for a captain in the Union army, and gave him a commission for the Twenty- second Iowa. He served in General Fitz Henry Warren's staff as pro- vost marshal general of the state of Texas in 1864. On his return to his regiment he was commissioned surgeon, May 1, 1864, with the rank of major, and was one of the operating surgeons of the second division, nineteenth army corps, and after the battle of Winchester, Virginia, he had charge of a general hospital at that place. When he was mustered out of the service at the close of the war, his comrades presented him with a complete set of surgical instruments. On the several cases is engraved the following: "Presented to surgeon John C. Shrader, by the officers and men of the Twenty-aecond Regiment Iowa Infantry, in appreciation of his skill as a physican and surgeon, and as a tribute of love and esteem from his comrades in arms." After the war he entered upon his profession in Iowa City. Upon the organization and opening of a Medical Department to the State University of Iowa, he was chosen to the chair he now occupies. He is attending surgeon at Mercy Hos- pital, and was very active in establishing that institution. He is a member of all the medical societies of the city, county, state and nation, and a prominent member in all the Masonic bodies in Iowa City, and of various other secret societies. He is a republican in politics, and has been honored by his party with the office of State senator, to which he was elected in 1879, in democratic Johnson county, over his opponent to the office, John P. Irish, the most aggressive and fearless democrat in Johnson county, by a majority of seventy-three votes, and was a very prominent candidate for Congress in 1882, and partially to repay him for the gallant and successful fight he made for senator in a democratic county he ought to have received the nomination He was married in Januar}^ 1852; his wife dying in December, 1871, and in September, 1872, he married Miss Margaret A. Carter, of Iowa City. He received the degree of A. M. at Western College, June 20, 1877. MISS SUSAN F. SMITH is the lady that fills the Chair of English Language and Literature and teaches German in the State University ot Iowa. She came to that honorable position at the request of the Board of Regents, in the spring of 1881, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the res- ignation of Miss Sudlow. The subject of this sketch was born May 31, 1849, at Glasgow, Missouri. She graduated from the St. Louis high school in 1867. In 1873 she traveled extensively in Europe, where she learned to speak the French, German and Italian languages. She filled HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 775 the chair of Modern Languages and Literature in Pritchett School Institute, Missouri. She is a lady of no ordinary ability in drawing and painting. CYRUS ABBOTT, Sr., farmer and stock-raiser; was born on the 21st day of December, 1817, in Worcester county, Massachusetts; is the son of Cyrus C. and Polly Abbott, descendants of England. The subject of this sketch was, on the 20th day of September, 1839, married to Ann B. Newton, of the same county and State he was born in. They have four children living: Mahlon S., born January 19, 1843; Charles N., July 4, 1847; Cyrus W., May 19, 1850; George A., March 3, 1854. Mr. Abbott learned the trade of shoemaking. He moved to Wilksboro, Pennsylvania, where he engaged in the wholesale manufacture of boots and shoes for three years. He then moved to Carbondale and followed his trade four years. Then went into the livery business and followed that for ten years. In 1857 he came to Iowa and bought land in sections 19 and 22. He now resides on section 22, and follows farming and raising cattle and hogs. In the winter of 1857, while crossing the river on the ice he broke through, and had it not been for his two sons, Mahlon and Charles, with the aid of a rope, would have been drowned. In 1870 he ran a steamboat from his timber to Coralville, He also has a saw-mill which he runs in winter. He is a republican in politics, and voted for the amendment. SAMUEL F. ADAIR, farmer, residing in Cedar county, just across the line, post-office, Oasis. He lived in Graham township so long, and still takes a lively interest in the welfare of his old neighbors that he thinks of returning again into Graham township. He was born in 1838 in Penn- sylvania, leaving there in 1854; he lived one and a half years in Ohio, and then settled in Graham township, Johnson county, Iowa, in 1856. He was married in 1873 to Miss Sarah Harrison, of Graham township. This union is blessed with four Hving children. He moved into Cedar county in 1877, and will move back into Johnson county as soon as he can make arrangements to do so. E. M. ADAMS, farmer. Cedar township, post-office, Solon; was born in Maine, September 7, 1811, where he lived until he was fifteen years of age; then his father, John E., moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where he lived until 1838, when he came to Iowa and resided in Muscatine county one year, and in 1839 moved to Johnson county, where he has since resided. He owns 425 acres of land, and has his home farm well improved. In 1849 he took the gold fever and went to California, but only remained there one year. He was married, April 9, 1836, to Sally Gleason; she dying in June, 1837, leaving one son, Decatur C, now living near Council Bluffs. He was again married. May 3, 1840, to Henrietta Lyon, daughter of John Lyon, and a native of Pennsylvania, this being the first marriage 776 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. in Cedar township. By this union there are two children: John L. and LilHe, now Mrs. Herbert S. Fairall. JAMES M. ADx\MS, farmer, Cedar township, post-office, Solon ; was born in Cuyahoi^a county, Ohio, October 28, 182S, and is a son of John E. and Sarah Adams, natives of Maine. He lived in Ohio until 1846, and then came to Iowa and settled on the farm he now lives on, where he owns 138 acres of land. In 1852 he went to California and remained there three years, engaged in mining. He was married, July 14, 1855, to Miss Sophia Dudley, a daughter of William Dudley, who came to this county in 1812. They have nine children: Ada P., Lydia E., Eva C, Henrietta, Jennie B., Emery D., Eugene M., Eben W. and Harry P. Mr. and Mrs. Adams are members of the M. E. Church. JOHN E. ADAMS, proprietor Maple Avenue farm, Cedar township, post-office, Solon; was born in Cuyahoga county, Ohio, September 15, 1833, and is a son of Capt. John E. and Behnda Adams, they being natives of Maine and also pioneers of Ohio, where the subject of this sketch spent his early hfe and followed farming and the dairy business, selling milk in Cleveland for several years. In 1863 he removed to Putnam county, Ohio, and invested in wild lands and buying and selling stock, and remained there nine years, and in 1873 came to Iowa and settled in Johnson county, and now owns 359 acres of fine land, a fine residence and improvements, having a beautiful location. He pays special attention to raising and feeding stock, and also breeds thoroughbred Short-Horns. He was married, December 1, 1859, to Jemima Powell, a native of Portage county, Ohio; she is a daughter of Henry and Cynthia Powell. Mrs. Powell, whose maiden name was Crooks, was the first white child born in Trumbull county, Ohio, and the second on the Western Reserve, being born in 1799. They had six children, three now living: Cora J., Ethie L. and Harry D. Mr. Adams and wife are members of the Church of God. MOSES ADAMS, farmer and stock-raiser. Cedar township, post- office, Solon; was born in Oxford county, Maine, November 2, 1815. When eleven years of age his parents, John E. and Sarah Adams, emi- grated to Ohio and settled in Cuyahoga county, where they lived eleven years, and in the fall of 1838 moved to Illinois, and came to Johnson county in April, 1839, moved into Cedor township the spring of 1841, and has since then lived in the township. He has. a fine farm of 366 acres and a comfortable home. He raises considerable stock and some thor- oughbred Short-Horns. Mr. Adams was married January 9, 1859, to Sarah J. Keislar, a native of Columbiana county, Ohio, and came to John- son county in 1851. This union has been blessed with six children: Cora, Mary, J. Quincy, Myron D., Otto M. and Harriet E. CIPERIAN AICHAR, farmer, Newport township, post-office, Iowa City; was born September 26, 1827, in Wittemberg, Germany. Settled HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 777 in Johnson county in the fall of 1854. He was married, November 4, 1856, to Miss Elizabeth Encrlebert. This union is blessed by three child- ren: Josephine, Frank and Henry. He is a democrat in politics; voted against the amendment; is a member of the Catholic Church. GEORGE ALBIN, Scott township, farmer and stock raiser; born in Harrison county, Virginia, in 1805. Moved to Ohio 1815, and in 1827 moved to Indiana, where he lived until 1842, when he came to Iowa and settled in Cedar county on Sugar creek, and lived there ten years; he then moved to Iowa City, and lived there three years, and from there he moved to Scott township, where he now lives. Mr. Albin was married in 1848, in Cedar county, to Miss Anna Messick, of Cedar county, daugh- ter of Geo. Messick, of Indiana. Has nine children living, five boys and four girls, three of which are married. Mr. Albin carried the first mail between Davenport and Iowa City in 1851. He at first carried it on horseback, and after he established a stage line and carried by team; carried it until after the C. R. I. & P. R. R. was finished. There was at that time but two houses between Cedar river and Iowa City. He afterward carried mail between Iowa City and Cedar Rapids. IRA J. ALDER, was born July 15th, 1844, in Union county, Ohio; came to Iowa in 1856, and settled in Iowa City in September, 1863. Ad- mitted to the bar in January, 1869, and has practiced law in Iowa City since. Studied law under Judge W. E. Miller, of Iowa City. Left the State University and read law one year under the Hon. Rush Clark, and then went into Judge Miller's office. He was married June 8th, 1882, to Miss Julia Buttles, youngest daughter of the Hon. J. B. Buttles of Iowa City. A member of the Episcopal Church of Iowa City; a republican in politics. SAMUEL ALLOW AY, a farmer, residing in Madison township, post-office, Shueyville. Was born July 20,1849, in Huntington county, Pennsylvania; came to Johnson county in 1856, and settled in Madison township on section 38, and owns a farm of 120 acres of land and the Anderson stone quarry, in Jefferson to wnship, near the Roberts ferry bridge. He built a new lime kiln with a capacity of 300 bushel. He furnishes the Amana colonies with lime and they buy their stone at his quarry. He was married July 20th, 1869, to Miss Mary E. Vonstein. They are blessed with four children: Samuel J., Francis M., George W., and Oscar H. He is a member of the United Brethren Church, and a member of Penn Lodge No. 289, I. O. O. F., at North Liberty, and is a democrat in politics. The Anderson quarry was opened up 1862; it was first opened up near McCollister creek; it contains seven acres. Some beautiful fossil specmens are found at this quarry. JACOB H. ALT, farmer, post-office North Liberty; was born April 19, 1813, in Jefferson county, Virginia; from there his father moved to Clark county, Ohio, where he died. In 1837 Jacob H. Alt went to Hen- 778 hitJTorv of johnson county. derson county, Illinois, where he was married September 28, 1837, to Miss Mary Wein, daughter of George Wein. Their family consists of ten children, seven of whom are living: Sarah, Eliza J.,'L. W., Milton H., Charles D., and Arthur E. Those dead are, Maria, George W., and May E. Mr. Alt moved to Iowa in the fall of 1840 and settled in Johnson county, where he now resides, on section 17. His farm consists of 330 acres, well adapted for stock raising and producing crops of all kinds. On his farm is located the Wein burying ground. Mr. Alt and wife are mem- bers of the Methodist Church, he being the class leader for many years at North Liberty church. JOSEPH A. ALT, farmer, post-office North Liberty. The subject of this sketch was born February 12, 1817, in Jefferson county, Virginia; the son of Jacob and Mary Alt, from whence his parents, when he was only three months old, moved to Ohio, where he was raised on a farm. He came to Iowa in 1839, then a single man, and settled in Johnson county, where he now resides; on section 8, township 80, range 6. On the 25th day of January, 1848, he married Miss Eliza Kepford, daughter of John Kepford, and to them have been born seven children; six of whom are now living: Alice M., (wife of Maj. J. A. Pickler, of Muscatine), Albert J., Kate E., George J., Elly M., and Roily H.; John W., deceased. Mr. Alt and wife are members of the M. E. Church, and are always ready to lend a helping hand in any good cause. A man well informed; and by his industry and economy, is possessed of a splendid farm of 218 acres. He came near being killed in 1840 while felling a tree. Has a splendid orchard, and everything around him to make home comfortable. ROBERT ANDERSON, farmer, post-office. Lone Tree; was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, October 12, 1813, where he spent his life until 1855, when he came to Johnson county, and settled in Fre- mont township, where he now resides, and owns 120 acres of land. He has been married three times, first to Hannah Beazel, in February, 1834; she dying, March 1, 1849. The second time to Polly Budd, in April, 1850; she dying September 21, 1864. He was married to his present wife, Mary Dick, September 1, 1865; all three being natives of Westmore- land county, Pennsylvania; there is one boy, Charles E., by the last mar- riage. Mr. Anderson has been a member of the Methodist Church since 1830, and a very hard and earnest worker tor the cause of Christianity. He was one of the first to organize a church in the south part of this county. LEVI ANDERSON, (deceased); was born in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, September 7, 1815. Was the son of Samuel and Mary Anderson. Was raised on his father's farm and educated in the common schools. March 2, 1840, he was married to Miss Permelia Clajiper, of Bedford county, Pennsylvania, daughter of Jacob and Mary Clapper; to them were born twelve children, seven now living: Mary E. Evens, i HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 779 William C, Susan, George C, Martin, Levi Jr., and Margaret J. He fol- lowed milling two years, and then farming in Pennsylvania, taught school in winter a term or two. In 1853 he came to Iowa and settled in Johnson county, first in Penn township; he then purchased 240 acres in Jefferson township, in section 21, 162 acres in section 22, in all 402 acres, where he followed farming and stock-raising until 1878, when he divided his land with his children, except 40 acres, on which he resided until his death, which occured August 13, 1881, aged 66 years, 11 months, and 26 days. He was a member of the United Brethren Church. Held the office of clerk, assessor, justice of the peace, and county supervisor from his township. His widow lives on the old homestead, with her son Martin. She was born May 10, 1819, in Bedford county, Pennsylvania. GEORGE ANDERSON, farmer, Madison township, post-office North Liberty, son of John A. and Catharine Anderson ; was born in Bed- ford county, Pennsylvania, December 28, 1847. When he was six years old his parents came to Iowa and settled in Johnson count}^, where he was raised on a farm. April 12, 1871, he married Miss Sarah E. Green, daughter of David and Rachael Green, now residents of Cass county, this State. Thf'y have four children living: John E., Charles J., Iva M. and Fern O. Mr. Anderson owns 160 acres of well improved land in section 15, where he is engaged in farming and raising stock. He and wife are members of the Church of God, he being one of the present deacons; he is a Democrat in politics, and a strictly temperance man. JOHN A. ANDERSON, (deceased); was born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, December 16, 1823; was the son of Samuel Anderson. He learned the carpenter trade, and worked at that and cabinet making. While in Pennsylvania, June 22, 1845, he was married to Miss Catharine Hoover, daughter of John and Anna Hoover. To them have been born six children, four of whom are living: Ann, George, Joseph W., and Susan J. In 1853 he came to Iowa, and settled in Johnson county. He worked at his trade for ten years; from that time up to his death farmed most of the time, working some at his trade. He died May 3, 1879, aged 55 years, 4 months, and 7 days. Mr. Anderson was a faithful member of the Church of God; served as deacon several years; filled the office of county supervisor, township trustee, and other offices of trust. His widow resides in the old homestead, with her son Joseph. GEORGE W. ANDERSON, Jefferson township, post-office Shuey- ville; was born in Washington county, Maryland, May 13, 1816. His parents moved to Burday county, Virginia, when he was quite young. When he was six years old his father died, and he went back to Mary- land. At the age of twenty-one he went to teaming across the Alleghany Mountains, followed that for four years. On the 3d day of August, 1843, he was married to Miss Delila Trout of Washington county, Virginia. To 780 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. them have been born ten children, nine of whom are Hvincr; Albertis, William R., Sylvester, Oburn, Elizabeth V., Oterbiri, Theodore B., Georore W. and Iowa. In ISiS he moved to Augusta county, Virginia, lived there until 1863, when he came home to Iowa, where he has since that time lived. He owns a farm where he resides in section three, also owns land in Dakota. He embraced religion forty years ago, and united with the U. B, Church, of which he is still a member. He'has held the ofRce of trustee and other offices of the township. GEORGE ANDREWS, a citizen of Iowa City, born April 3, 1807, in parish of Keith, Scotland; came to America in March, 1841, and settled in Iowa City the same year in April. He was in the mercantile trade for a number of 3^ears, and in 1855 opened the Clinton House, that stood on the lot upon which now stands the stately opera house of Iowa City. He run that hotel about seven years and sold the hotel to the banking com- pany, and it then passed into the hands of Clark & Hill in 1866, and they built the opera house. He was married in 1830 to Miss Jannett Skinner, of Scotland. She died in 1855. They had a family of ten children, and those living are Jessie, the wife of H. Kelley; Robert, G. M., George L., Lizzie and John S. He married his second wife April 3, 1857, a Miss C. B. Barker, of Fredonia, New York, and by this marriage they have three children living: Frankie, Isabella R. and Charlie K. He is indepen- dent in politics, and an old abolitionists. He is a member of the Presby- terian Church, and retired from business. O. ANDREWS, farmer, section 9, Graham township, near Morse sta- tion, post-office, Morse; was born in 1826, in the State of New York. Came to Johnson county, Iowa, and settled in Newport township (now Graham) in 1854, and has made that same place his home since. He was married, in 1852, to Miss Sarah Sheppard, of Pennsylvania. This union is blessed with three children; one child married. WILLIAxM ANDREWS, farmer, Graham township, post-office, Morse; was born in 1849, in Pennsylvania. Came to Johnson county, Iowa, and settled in Graham township in 1860. He was married, in 1876, to Miss Charlotte L. Morse, a daughter of E. K. Morse, an old settler and founder of Morse station m Graham township. This union is blessed with three children; two are dead and one living. JOHN W. ANDRLE, saddler and harness maker, post-office. North Liberty; was born Dec. 6, 1856, in Bohemia, is the son of John and Chris- tina Andrle. He came with his parents to America in August, 1867. They reside in this county. John W. worked on a farm a few years, learned his trade in Cedar Rapids. He then came to North Liberty, January, 1881, and started in business. In the summer of the same year he bought of H. B. White, a half interest in a grocery store; he continued in this business, working at his trade until this last spring, he sold his HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 781 interest in the store to Mr. White, and bought of Mr. J. F. Price his interest in the North Liberty steam saw and sorghum mill, known as the George & Price Mill, now George & Andrle, doing sawing and making molasses and grinding feed. He still runs his harness and saddle buisness, has a good trade, often employs two workmen. He is also of the firm of Andrle Bros., inventors and manufacturers of the three horse draft equalizer, which was patented 15th of March, 1881; which is said to be the best. He was married October 18, 1881, to Miss Katie B. Zak, of Cedar Rapids. John is energetic and we predict for him a brilliant future. ORVILLE G. B ABCOCK, farmer and postmaster, post-office. Chase ; was born on the 16th day of May, 1822, in Springfield, Erie county, Pennsylvania. Is the son of Joab and Mary Babcock; he was raised on a farm. In 1812 he came to Iowa and settled in Johnson county on section 32, where he now resides. May 14, 1848, he was married to Miss Julia A. Steele of this county. To them have been born thirteen children, twelve are living: John S., Mary E., Amanda, Alice V., Milton, Orville L., Ellen, Eleanor, William H., Charles W., James G., Daniel W. Mr. Babcock owns 600 acres of land where he lives, well improved and well stocked, with seventy head of cattle, 17 horses, sixty-five hogs and over 200 sheep. He and his wife are members of the M. E. Church. He is a republican in politics, a member of White Marble Lodge, No. 238, A. F« & A. M., holds the office of township trustee, and is the first and present postmaster of Chase. CHARLES BAKER, a resident of Iowa City, and engaged in the practice of law as senior member of the firm of Baker & Ball, office on Washington street; was born January 18, 1843, in Saratoga county. New Jersey. He was married in 1867, to Miss Caroline Blackwell. He began the practice of the law in Marengo, Iowa, in 1866, and came to Iowa City that year, at the May term. He was a soldier in Co. I, 4th regiment, Wis- consin volunteer infantry, enlisiing April 15, 1861, and was discharged in 1865. He was in the secret service in command of a company of scouts the last year of the war; was taken prisoner and sent to Fort Tyler, Texas, where he was when he was discharged. He is a democrat in politics. GEORGE T. BAKER, a resident of Iowa City, and the junior mem- ber of the firm of Tanner & Baker, hardware merchants, doing busi- ness on College street. Was born July 9th 1857, in Iowa county, Iowa. He graduated from Cornell College in 1879; came to Iowa City that year He was married march 27th, 1879, to Miss Clara J. Poole, of Ithica, N. Y. This union is blessed with two children, Ethiel and Geor- gia. He is a member of the College Societ}^ called the "Beta Theata Phi." This firm is composed of young men of wonderful energy, good business qualifications, and very popular with all classes. It is evident that their united efforts are being crowned with success. 782 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. WILLIAM H. BAKER, farmer, Monroe township; post-office, Homestead, was born November 26, 1826. Is the son of Sqnire S. Baker, one of the early settlers of Iowa, a native of Marion county, Ohio, where William was boVn. From there they went to Indiana, thence to Michigan, and from there they came to Iowa in 1837, and first settled in Muscatine county. Seven 3'ears later he moved to Johnson countv, and settled in Monroe township, in section 20, where William now resides. On the 24th day of April, 1862, he was married to Miss Olive J. Barnes, of Johnson county, Iowa. To them was born six children, four living; Bertha J., Charles E., Myrtle E., and Grace M. Mr. Baker owns 188 acres of land, and follows farming and stock-raising; is a republican in politics; voted for the amendment, and is a member of the Evangelical Church. MARION BAKER, merchant, Lone Tree; was born in Cedar county, Iowa, January 10, 1843. Is a son of Nathaniel Baker, who came to Iowa from Ohio in 1836. Martin Baker, grandfather to the subject of this sketch, was the first preacher in the central and western part of the Black- hawk purchase, and held the first meeting in his cabin in July, 1836, near where Rochester is now situated. Never before had the sound of prayer and praise broken the stillness of the forest, unless it was the songs of the birds that was oliered as a tribute to the glory of the Great Architect, Marion's father being a druggist, he also learned that business, and has since followed it exclusively until the last few years. In 1877 he came to Pleasant Valley township and lived on his farm one year, but owned a store in Lone Tree in partnership with his brother, and moved here in 1878, and has since bought out his brother and is now carrying a fine stock of dry goods, groceries and drugs, and is also engaged in the sale of agricultural implements, and still owns 130 acres of well improved land. He was married October 10, 1867, to Sarah E. Harding, of Keokuk, Iowa. They have five children : H. Ulysses, Carrie R., Proctor T., Preeda N. and Cecil H. Mr. and Mrs. Baker are members of the Reform Church. GEORGE W. BALL, attorney-at-law, Iowa City, was born June 17, 1847, in Jefi'erson county, Iowa. He graduated from the Law Department of the State University of Iowa in the class of 1870. He began the practice of law in December, 1870, at Des Moines, and came to Iowa City in August, 1871. He was married January 1, 1880, to Miss Estelle E. Walter of Indianola, Iowa. He is a member of the Masonic bodies of Iowa City. He is alderman from the fifth ward, chairman of the finance committee, and takes a very active part in the welfare of the city. He was the demo- cratic candidate for judge in the judicial circuit and district in 1882. JAMES W. BANE, farmer, post-office, Iowa City; the son of Robert and Sarah Bane; was born on the 11th day of November, 1839, in Mer- cer county, Illinois. His parents came to Iowa when he was two years HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 783 old and settled in Johnson county, four miles below Iowa City, from there moved to the city and lived one year and a half; then moved to this town- ship, where they have lived to the present time. James W. has followed farming all his life, with the exception of three years that he spent in defense of his country. On the 5th day of August he enlisted in the 22d Iowa, under Capt. Robinson, company I. He was engaged in the follow- ing battles: Champion Hill, Black River Bridge, assault on Vicksburg, Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. At Vicksburg he received a slight wound on the right shoulder; he also, while charging the enemy, in jumping a ditch fell and injured his back, from which he is troubled ever since. On the 28th day of January he was married to Miss Nancy A.Stewart, daughter of Robert and Anna T.Stewart. They have three children living: Mandie M., Burt S. and Earl T. He is a member of the A. F. and A. M., also of the Legion of Honor. JOSEPH BARBORKA, made a watch 18i pennyweight, m a solid gold ring, stem winder and stem setter, plate of silver, full jewel, a perfect watch, I of an inch in diameter and a No. 12 ring, the depth of the watch from dial plate base of works ^ of an inch, the same number of pieces as in any watch ; was made in Bohemia in 1872. He made a clock that ruus one year without winding up but once in the year. He made the clock on Dos- tal's brewery. Mr. B. is a practical silversmith, and was born Sept. 2, 1839, in Bohemia. Came to America in 1874, lived in Chicago two years, then settled in Iowa City and opened a jewelry store on Dubuque street. No. 21 ; he also keeps organs and pianos. He was married, June 15, 1863, to Lydia Dusanek, of Bohemia. They have six children living: Augusta v., Thomas, Rosa, Joseph, Minnie, Bertie. He is a member of Kos- ciusko I. O. O. F. lodge No. 6; is independent in politics, and voted against the prohibitory amendment. Made a town-clock. LYMAN BARTLETT, farmer, Cedar township, post-office, Solon; was born in Cuyahoga county, Ohio, January 24, 1826, and is a son of Seth and Rebecca Bartlett. He spent his early life in his native county on a farm, and also worked at the carpenter trade. In May, 1854, he came to Iowa and settled on the farm he now owns, paying $2.25 per acre for it. His farm consists of 166 acres of fine improved land. He enlisted in company D, 24th Iowa, August 6, 1862; was taken prisoner at Cedar Creek, Virginia, October 19, 1864, and held a prisoner until the following March. He was married, October 23, 1849, to Francis A. E. Clark, a native of Massachusetts. They have four children: William, Lyman S., Edwin and Frank S. JAMES BEECHER, farmer and stock-raiser, section 28, Graham township, post-office, Morse; was born in 1832, county Cork, Ireland, son of Patrick and Margaret Beecher, of Cork county, Ireland. Came to America in 1856, and lived six years in New York; settled in Graham 784 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. township in 1861. He was married, in 1862, to Miss Mary Riley, of John- son county, Iowa, This union is blessed with six children^ three boys and three girls. The family are members of the Roman Catholic Church. He is a democrat in politics. JOHN K. BERANEK, Iowa City; was born May 9, 1842, in Bohe- mia, Europe. He came to America in 1856, landed in Baltimore, Mary- land, and came to Iowa City in October of the same year. He went to Oregon in 1860, and returned to Cedar county, Iowa, in 1866, and farmed there until 1869, when he came to Iowa City and engaged in business. He was a traveling salesman in 1877 and '78. He was married, March 22, 1871, to Miss Mary Vyvoda, of Iowa City. This union is blessed with three children: Premis O., Bozena B. and Libusa. He is a demo- crat in politics. He was elected alderman, March 5, 1877, from the third ward, and was trustee of Iowa City township in 1871, '72 and '73. He is now first assistant chief of the fire department. He helped organize the Protection Fire Company, and has been ten years a member of the said company. He is a recognized leader among his Bohemian friends as well as enjoying the confidence of a large circle of friends. JAMES BERRY, a resident of Iowa City, and engineer of the State University ; was born in Ireland in 1 824 ; came to America in 1854 ; settled in Johnson county in 1858. He has been engaged at his present occupation of engineer since he came to Iowa City, and has been the engineer at the State House for seven years. He was married Thanksgiving day, , 1856, to Miss Sisk, a native of Ireland. The family are members of the St. Patrick's Church of Iowa City. They have four children living: Daniel, William, Lizzie and Hannah. A. W. BEUTER, farmer; postoffice, Solon; was born in Muskinghum county, Ohio, May 16, 1836, where he hved until 1848, when he emigrated to Iowa with his parents, Joseph and Anastsia Beuter, and settled in Big Grove township, where his father died January 24, 1873. Here he has spent his life, with the exception of two years he was in Missouri. He now owns 132 acres of fine land. Mr. Beuter was married May 3, 1870, to Margaret A. Williams, a native of Chester county, Pa. They have two children living: R. Wayne and Mary G. ISAAC BEEM,the only hotel keeper in Tiffin, was born June 15, 1817, in Clinton township, Knox count}^ Ohio. He settled in Johnson county in Tiffin, in 1879, and erected the building in which he now resides, and has kept a hotel ever since. He was married Nov. 7,1839, to Miss Elizabeth Shineberry, of Knox county, Ohio; she died December 10, 1853, of con sumption; this union was blessed with three children: William, who died at thirteen years of age, Mary R., wife of Rufus Stinger, she died of consumption August 21, 1870, leaving four children, Cora E., Elnora, Myrtle K., and Isaac N., who have been under the watchful eye of the HISTORV OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 785 ^randfiither and mother ever since. The third child of Mr. Beem, Miss Jennie M., married Charles Brooks, of Tiffin, Iowa, and she died of con- sumption May 27, 1876. Mr. Beem married for his second wife Miss Katherine Stinger, December 11, 1856. Is a democrat in politics, and voted against the prohibitory constitutional amendment. MARTIN BIRRER, a farmer, residing in Liberty township; post- office, Bon Accord. Was born November 12, 1842, in Alsace, France, [now Germany]; came to America in 18-15, and settled in Liberty town- ship the same year. He was married November 12, 1867, to Miss Kris tenia Brockman, of Liberty township. They have eight children : Mary S., Romaine F., Agnes G., Frank P., Mary M., Pelayia A., Josephine C, Mary H . They are members of the Catholic Church at Riverside. Mr. Birrer is a democrat in politics; has held the office of justice of the peace from 1866 to 1874; was on school board from 1874 to 1881, and is the present township clerk. T. H. BLACK, farmer, post-office, Oxford; was born in Guernsey county, Ohio, June 4, 1830, where he spent his early life on a farm. In 1858 he went to Coles county, Illinois, where he lived two years, then returned to Ohio, and in 1865 went to Peoria county, Illinois, and lived two years, then came to Johnson county, where he now owns 95 acres of land. He was married March 19, 1862, to Ellen George, also of Ohio. They have seven children: Mary R., William S., Milton G., Joseph R., Ida E., Alvin G, and Jesse S. WILSON BLAINE, the present efficient Superintendent of the Schools for Johnson county, whose post-office address is Iowa City; was born March 27, 1848, in Jeflerson township, Johnson county, Iowa. He attended school and acquired his education in Iowa City. He was elected Super- intendent and entered upon his duties as such in January, 1880, and has held that position continuously ever since. He held the office of assessor of Monroe township for six years; has been clerk of that township a num- ber of years; also secretary of the school board. He married the daugh- ter of Graham Thorn, an old settler of Monroe township. He is a demo- cratic in politics. LEON BLOOM, a clothing merchant in Iowa City, doing business on Clinton street; was born January 3, 1841, in Westhoffen, France. He was a soldier in the French army, by draft, and served two years as a non-commissioned officer. He bought the last five years of military duty for $500, and came to Iowa City in July, 1864. He was married Oct. 20, 1874, in Chicago, Illinois. He is a member of the firm of Hon. M. Bloom & Co., and is perfectly devoted to his business and helps to regulate and control the largest clothing house in Iowa City, and always keeps con- stantly in stock the finest line of goods in the market, and is gentlemanly* fair and honest in his dealings. 786 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. HON. M. BLOOM, merchant, South Clinton St., Iowa City; was born March 28, 1833, in Alsace, France. He came to America in June, 1849, landed in New York, and finally settled in Iowa City, Johnson county, Iowa in November, 1857, and engaged in the mercantile business in the same block in which he is now doing business. His first ofiice was alderman from the second ward of Iowa City, elected April 2, 1860; he was a can- didate for Mayor in 1871, and was defeated by fourteen votes; was a candidate in 1872 and was defeated by seven votes; he made a visit to his native land in 1873, and upon his return from Europe was elected mayor of Iowa City the spring of 1874:, by a large majority, and was solicited to be a candidate for re-election and declined; he was a candidate for the legisla- ture in 1875, and was defeated by C. W. McCune ; in 1877 he was a candidate and was elected, and re-elected in 1879. In all the offices of honor, profit and trust that he has been called upon to fill he has been faithful and hon- est in performing his duties, and was always to be found at his post of duty. During his first term in the legislature he took an active part in opposing the repeal of the railroad granger tarift bill, and also, with Hon. George Paul, was instrumental in securing to the State University a per- manent annual endowment of $2U,000, a thing often attempted, but failed. He was active in his opposition to the prohibitory constitutional amend- ment, and was a member of the committee on temperance, and a member of the executive committee of the state anti-prohibition organiza- tion. He was nominated for lieutenant-govenor on the democratic ticket at the Council Bluff's convention, but promptly declined. He was appointed on the committee to investigate charges of fraud against the warden of the State Penitentiary at Fort Madison, but declined, because it was necessary for him to be present all the time to aid in securing necessary legislation for the interest of his constituents. He has always taken a lively interest in all public improvements in the city, and is one of the leading and substantial financial men of the city. He is a member of the Masonic bodies in the city, also a prominent member of the I. O. O. F. in the city, being one of the charter members of Lutonia Lodge I. O. O. F. He was married in 1860, and his first marriage was blessed with four children: Benjamin, born 1861, and died June 21, 1882, of consumption, and buried in Cincinnati, Ohio; Laura, Addie, Edward; and by his second marriage there are four children: Julia, Blanche, Charles and Myra. He is a director in the Johnson County Savings Bank and a member of the executive committee. He is president of the Iowa Alcohol works of Iowa City; a member of the Board of Trade of Iowa City, and is a heavy stockholder in the new organization for loan- ing money and receiving funds in trust. Words of praise are unneces- sary; Mr. Bloom has worked hard and his efforts have proved a success, and he enjoys the confidence of a large circle of social, political and finan- cial friends. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 787 GEORGE T. BORLAND, a resident of Lucas township; post-office Iowa City. Was born May 2Tth, 1852, in Evans, Erie county, Penn- sylvania. He came with his parents to Iowa City, and attended the ward schools in Iowa Citv, and also the State University. He is a son of John Borland, and succeeds to the large landed estate and stock business so successfully established by his father. He was married April 5th, 1882, to Miss Smith of Iowa City. He was president of the Johnson County Agricultural Society in 1882. He is a republican in politics. GEORGE J. BOAL, a resident of Iowa City, and a member of the Johnson county bar; was born Oct. 4, 1835, in Center county, Pa. He settled in Iowa City in 1857, and was admitted to practice law, and began in that profession in January, 1859, and has continuously resided and prac- ticed law in Iowa City since. He was married August 21, 1861, to Miss Mattie A., daughter of Judge Buttles, of Iowa City. He is a member of the Episcopal Church; a democrat in politics, and takes an active part in the aflairs of his party. A man of acknowledged legal ability, faithful in his profession, and devoted to the interests of his legal business. ABNER BOONE, a merchant in Kalona, Washington county, Iowa, but for many years a resident of Washington township, Johnson county, was born October 17, 1828, in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania. He settled in Johnson county the spring of 1846. He was married Sep- tember 1,1853, to Miss Almira A. Simington, near Hollidaysburgh, Penn- sylvania. This union is blessed with six children: William, Marcellia, Mar}^ J., Alonzo, Alford and Beimia, living; Arissia, Elanora, and Ida, dead. He is a Republican in politics. JOHN BORLAND: was born November 5, 1806, in Manchester, Ver- mont; died January 8, 1878, in Iowa City. He married Miss Catharine Tupper, of Troy, New York, who died June 12, 1875. This union was blessed with seven children: Hattie E., wife of Dr. Sanford HufI", died February 22, 1863; John J., died in Chicago, in September, 1881; Sarah M., died December 27, 1856; Charles E., died January 24, 1867; Martha J., wife of Ernest Irwin, of Richfield, Minnesota; Catharine A., living in Chicago, and George T., living near Iowa City. Mr. B. came to Johnson county in November, 1856. His second marriage was with Mrs. Louisa Hoyt, January 31, 1877, whose maiden name was Smith; born June 26, 1829, at Madison, Indiana; her husband, Walter Hoyt, died in Iowa City, Febru- ary 12, 1869. The union with Mr. Hoyt was blessed with six children: Francis L., born October 9, 1849, died August 10, 1850; Albert, born May 8, 1852, died in August, 1853; Charles L., born June 10, 1855, and lives at Bismarck, Dakota; Addie B., born October 2, 1857, wife of Edward C. Finkbine, of Des Moines, Iowa; Frank W., born November 13, 1860, lives at Odebolt, Sac county, Iowa, and Nellie M., born January 31, 1867. Mr. B. was a member of the Congregational Church. Mr. Hoyt and wife 788 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. were members of the M. E. Church. Mr. B. was a Republican in politics. Mr. Hoyt was a Republican in politics. Mr. B. and Mr. H. were partners in business for many years in New York State. JAMES E. BOWERSOX, (deceased); Jefferson township. The sub- ject of this sketch was born in Carroll county, Maryland, on the 19th day of October, 1817. At the age of nine years his parents died, and James was thrown upon the world alone, "so to speak." He worked on a farm in the summer, and went to school in the winter. He learned the carpen- ter trade, though he never made a speciality of it. In 1839 he attended York Academy, then taught school. In 1843 he was licensed to preach for the United Brethren Church, by Bishop Erb. On the 9th of February, 1846, he was ordained elder, by J. J. Blossbrener. Having been received in the Virginia Conference in 1841, then in 1856 he was transfered to the Iowa Conference. On the 19th day of October, 1843, he was married to Miss Margaret M. Shuey, daughter of Jacob Shuey; to them was born eight children: Jacob S., EHzabeth, died August 20, 1880; William H., Clay, Laura, Markwood, Virginia, and James E. Mr. Bowersox was a man of unswerving integrity, loved and respected by all who knew him. He came to Iowa in an early day, and through his industry amassed con- siderable of property, which his widow and children own now; was school treasurer for ten years. JOHN J. BOWLES, a resident of Iowa City, engaged in the abstract, real estate and loan business, on South Clinton street, over Allin & Wil- son's book store: was born May 22, 1846, in Greenbrier county, West Vir- ginia. He moved to Ohio in the spring of 1863, and came to Osceola, Iowa, October 17, 1866, and entered the State University in 1874, and spent five years in the State University. He was married April 22, 1880, to Miss Emma A. Morgan, of Iowa City. A member of the Baptist Church of Iowa City. A Republican in politics. September 1, 1882, he bought J. W. Cone's abstract books, and is successor to his business. JACOB BOWMAN, farmer, post-office. North Liberty; was Dorn on the 6th day of January, 1814, in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, is the son of Abraham and Martha Bowman. He was raised principally on a farm, and educated in the common schools. He learned two trades, those of carpenter and blacksmith. In 1836 he went to Louisiana, and while there followed bridge-building and carpentering, until 1838, when he returned to Pennsylvania, and went into the merchandizing business at Blosserville. December 22, 1842, he was married to Miss Margaret J. Gitfin of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania. To them have been born five chil- dren, four of whom are living: Martha J., Ciitharine C, John F. and Mary E. In 1846, he came to Iowa and settled in this county, where he has since resided. He owns 331 acres of land, including timber; his residence is on section 19; follows farming and stock-raising. Mr. Bowman was HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 789 among the early settlers here, and has by industry and economy accumulated considerable of this world's goods; is a member of the Luth- eran Church, as is also his entire family. CHARLES H. BRADLEY, farmer, post-office, Lone Tree; was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, June 11, 1852, and is a son of H. W. and Emma Bradley, who came to Johnson county in the spring of 1856. Mrs. Bradley dying March 17, 1873, Mr. Bradley is now living with his son, the subject ol this sketch, who has followed farming the greater part of his life, and now owns 40 acres of land. He was married January 28, 1880, to Alice Lovejoy, a native of Michigan. They have two children: Myrtle and Herbert. STEPHEN BRADLEY, the present efficient district and circuit clerk of Johnson county, was born December 26, 1850, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He came to Iowa City in 1856, and in 1869 settled in Hardin township in John- son county, and engaged in farming and teaching school. A democrat in pohtics; was elected clerk in the fall of 1880, and was re-elected in November, 1882; his majority was 137 in 1880, and 1055 in 1882. He was married March 4, 1878 to Miss Mary Cusack. This union is blessed with one child, Mary. He was educated at the Iowa City high- school. The family are members of the St. Patritk's Roman Catholic Church of Iowa City. He has filled the offices of township clerk, assessor, secretary of school board, and treasurer of school board of Hardin town- ship. He has made many warm friends by his kind and courteous man- ner during his first term of office as clerk and the people spoke in his favor at the ballot-box by a handsome majority. J. C. BRAKEL, blacksmith, post-office, Solon; was born in Crawford county, Pennsylvania, October 23, 1845. When he was one 3^ear old his parents, John and Margaret Brakel, emigrated to Iowa, and settled in Big Grove township, where they still live. Here the subject of our sketch spent his early life, and learned the blacksmith trade with his father. In 1867 he started a shop of his own in Solon, and is now doing a good busi- ness of a general shop, and keeps two and three men working for him. He was married February 14, 1868, to Miss Catharine Grover, a native of Iowa. This union has been blessed with five children: George F., Emma, Mary A., Nettie and Clara. JAMES BRIDENSTINE, farmer, Madison township, post-office, North Liberty; was born March 5, 1829, in Huntingdon county, Pennsyl- vania; is a son of Jacob and Sophia Bridenstine. James was principally raised on a farm. At the age of fourteen years he learned the trade of wagon-maker. March 1, 1851, he was married to Miss Susan Hoover of Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania. To this union were born six children, five living: Sylvester J., who is practicing medicine in Nebraska; Martin 50 790 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. C, John W., James S., and Elmer H. His wife died August 4, 1872. He was married the second time to Mrs. Mary J. Bane of this county. To this union have been born five children: Burton V., Minnie B., Nettie S., Walter L. In 1852 Mr. Bridenstine came to Iowa and settled in John- son county, on section 14, where he now resides; he owns 170 acres of prairie in Penn and Madison townships, 120 acres in Nebraska, besides timber land. He is a member of the Church of God; is a republican in politics, and voted for the amendment. MICHAEL BRIERTON, farmer and merchant, post-office Windham; was born in county of Meath, Ireland, May 22, 1824, and followed farm- ing until he was twenty-five years of age. He then came to America and lived in the State of New York about three years and a half, and then in 1853, went to California and followed mining and ranching for three years and a half. He came to Johnson county in 1857, and bought property in Windham, and has since lived there, being engaged in the real estate business; also kept a general stock of merchandise. He is one of the most influential men of Hardin tpwnship. He was married Aug. 11, 1857, to Ellen Dowd, a native of Ireland, and who came to America in 1850, They had but one child, Matthew, who died when small. Mr. Brierton is at present engaged in stock dealing, and owns 140 acres in this county, and 120 in Iowa county. He has served as township clerk for twelve years. JOHN M. BROWN; the subject of this sketch resides in Cedar town- ship, and his post-office address is Solon. He is a farmer and stock raiser; was born May 18th, 1848, in Cedar township, Johnson county, Iowa. He was married August 16, 1875, to Miss Nellie Brown. They have one child, Mattie, born September 9, 1878. A republican in politics, a mem- ber of the Masonic lodge at Solon. He is a son of Edwin A. Brown, of Cedar township. He has a fine lot of Short-horn cattle; raises the Poland China hogs, and the Clydesdale stock of horses. He is one of Cedar township's successful farmers. J. G. BROWN, stock breeder and proprietor of Cedar Park farm. Cedar township, post-office Solon. Was born in Erie county, N. Y., April 22d, 1818, and when about ten years of age his parents, John and Harriet, removed to Quincy, Illinois, and in 1839 he came to Johnson county and staked out a claim, where he now resides. He had^no means but a yoke of oxen; he commenced braking prairie at $1.50 per acre, in this way paying for his first quarter section of land, and by industry and economy added more from time to time until he now owns 1285 acres of fine land. His home farm of 900 acres is one of the finest in the State, beautifully located, well watered and splendid buildings, and has a beauti- ful cedar park of several acres. He is paying special attention to breed- ing thoroughbred Short-horns, and is the most extensive breeder in the HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 791 county. He was married June 15, 1844, to Amaretta Nicholson, a native of Ross county, Ohio, but having spent her early life in Montgomery county, Indiana. This union has been blessed with nine children, seven now living: Jennie H., born January 28, 1840, now Mrs. Craven Stream; Annette, born August 23, 1847, now Mrs. W. S. Beebe; Ambrose S., born JulylS, 1849; John W., born January 11, 1852; Lauren, born April 23, 1854; Laura, born September 12, 1856, and Jared, born July 5, 1861. Mr. and Mrs. Brown are members of the Baptist Church. Ambrose and Jared are in partnership with their father in raising and breeding stock. E. A. BROWN, farmer. Cedar twnship, post-office, Solon; was born in Troy, N. Y., August 29, 1819, and came to Illinois, near Quincy, in 1831, that then being a new country. He afterward went to Warren county, and came to Johnson county in March 1839 and took a claim in what is now Cedar township, where he has since resided. Came here poor, and has by his industry made quite a fortune; he now owns 600 acres of fine land, with good substantial improvements, and raises consid- erable stock, making a specialty of good horses. He was married April 20, 1846, to Martha McClelland, a native of Maryland. This union has been blessed with four children: Edna B., now Mrs. Wilson; John M., Alonzo, and Cuyler, deceased. Religiously, he holds to the Methodist faith. HENDERSON BRUNSON, a farmer residing in Liberty township, post-office, Bon Accord; was born March 10, 1836. He was married in 1852, in Ohio, to Miss Mary Jane Wellars. He setded in Johnson county in 1862. He is a democrat in politics. He never held any office and is liberal in his religious views, not being a member of any church. ALEXIS BUSHNAGLE, a resident of Iowa City, and a baker by trade. Was born July 18, 1836, in Baden, Germany, came to America in June, 1862. Settled in Iowa City, and worked at his trade until 1864 when he opened a shop of his own on the corner of Linn and Market streets. He was married February 7, 1864, to Miss Katharine Moltale, of Iowa City. They have six children: Frank, Ellen, Cecellia, Louis, Joseph R., and Mara. Mr. Bushnagle is a democrat in politics, and voted against the prohibitory amendment. He is the owner of the fine ice cream restaurant on Capitol Avenue, near the post-office, which is pre- sided over by his wife and daughter. W. F. BUCK, a farmer, residing in Union township, post-office address Iowa City; was born Aug. 24, 1826, in Germany, came to America in 1S44, landed in NewOrleans. Settled in Johnson county, Iowa City, in April, 1844. He was a faithful soldier in the Mexican war, served in Captain Morgan's Independent Cavalry Compan}^, the first company raised in Iowa, and he served three years and six months. He was married in 1851, to Miss Mary J. Thomas, of Union township, Johnson county. They are blessed with eight « • 792 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. living children: Henry A., WilliamF., Edward 0.,Jane, wife of Mathew Howell, Elmer S., Charles S., May and Herbert. He is a republican in poli- tics; was ajusticeof the peace six years in Hardin township, Johnson county, and for sixteen years a justice of the peace in Union township, and served on the school board and as assessor and trustee of Union township, and was a member of the board of supervisors of Johnson county, for one term, and served on the last board under the law that elected one member from each township; he was sent from Union township, and in all of his official duties he made a record as an honest and faithful public servant. E. W. BURGESS, physician, post-office, Solon; was born in Oakland county, Michigan, March 14, 1840, and spent his early life in that State, and attended school at Grand Rapids. He enlisted December 2, 1861, in Company C, Thirteenth Michigan Infantry; was quartermaster of regi- ment, and also ranked first lieutenant; was mustered out in August, 1865. He then resumed his study of medicine, which he had commenced before he enlisted, and attended the McDowell College at St. Louis, and gradu- ated in March, 1869. Practiced three years in Jefferson county, Mis- souri, and came to Solon in August, 1875, and now enjoys a large practice in Solon and vicinity. JOSEPH BURESH, farmer, Jefferson township, post-office, Shuey- ville; was born April, 1838, in Bohemia, Austria; came to America July, 1864; settled in Johnson county, in March, 1874. He lived in Cleveland, Ohio, for ten years, during all that time worked for the glass company in tha4; city. He was married December 25, 1869, to Miss Mary Kahoun, of Cleveland, Ohio. They have been blessed with five children: Emma, Mary, Frank, Helena, and Caroline. Mr. B. is a democrat in politics, and has held the office of township tVustee for five years. He voted against the prohibitory constitutional amendment. Since writing the above we leaVn that Mr. Buresh accidentally shot and killed himself while hunting. MARTIN VAN BUREN BUTLER, a resident of West Branch, Cedar county, Iowa; was born February 14, 1837, in Henderson county, Illinois. Came to Iowa City in September, 1839; the family has resided here ever since. Served three years in Company F, Fifth Iowa Regiment Volunteer Infantry. Enlisted in Keokuk, Iowa. His father died in 1844; his mother is still living, aged 76. He was married January 30, 1861, to Miss Emily P. Brady, of Sigourney, Keokuk county, Iowa. They have had ten children: those living are: James, Thomas, Albertus, Henry, New- ton C, Cora, Elma, and Elizabeth. Mr. Butler learned the shoe-maker trade in Iowa City, with the father of our present postmaster, Thomas Ricord. ROBERT W. BYINGTON, attorney-at-law, residing in West Lucas township, with a law office on the corner of Washington and Dubuque HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 793 Streets; was born April 3, 1854, in Iowa City. He a^raduated at the State University in the class of '76, and of the law class of '77. Opened an office and began the practice ui tlie law December 1, 1879. He has been a member of the school board in West Lucas township; is a democrat in politics, and is the senior member of the law firm of Byington Bros., Otto A. Byington being the junior member; was born December 1, 1859, in Jowa City, and graduated from the State University in the class of '80, and in the law class of '81. He is a democrat in politics; he formed a partnership with his brother, Robert, July 1, 1881. OWEN T. CALAGY, a farmer, residing in Hardin township; post- office, Oxford; was born March 22, 1848, in New York City; left there March 19, and arrived in Johnson county and Iowa City March 22, 1866. He was married February, 1873, to Miss Sophia J. Bradley. They are blessed with a family of five children; Julia A., John D., Owen T., James C, and William T. A democrat in politics, and voted against the pro- hibitory constitutional amendment. W. D. CANNON, farmer; post-office, Solon; was born on the farm he now lives on, section 36, Big Grove township, November 6, 1840, and was the first white child born in the township. Is a son of William D. and Julia A. Cannon, the former a native of Massachusetts and the latter a native of Maine, her maiden name being Pratt. They came to Johnson county February 10, 1840; here the subject of this sketch has since resided. He attended Cornell College from September, 1857, to January, 1860. He now owns 175 acres of fine land, and has a fine brick residence and good improvements. He was married March 15, 1863, to Miss Delilah A. Eason, a native of Ohio, and a daughter of Alexander and Mary Eason, she having taught a school for five years in this county. They have three children, Carrie A., Willie D., and Ray P. Mr. and Mrs. Cannon and daughter are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Solon. JAMES CARRIGAN, a farmer in Union township; post-office, Iowa City; was born February, 1825, in Ireland; came to America in 1849, five years in Pennsylvania, and then settled in Johnson county. He was married May 15, 1857, to Miss Ann Reynolds; is a member of the Roman Cath- olic Church at Windham, Hardin township. He is a democrat in politics, and lives on section 2, and owns 120 acres of land, under a good state of cultivation, and plenty of good stock of cattle, hogs and horses. FRED T. CARL, farmer and stock raiser; post-office, Lone Tree; was born in Indiana, April 18, 1837. In the fall of 1838 his^parents, George and Cordelia, moved to Cedar county, Iowa, where the subject of this sketch spent his early life, and came to Johnson countv the fall of 1875. He owns 160 acres of fine land, and gives his attention to farming and raising fine blooded horses of Lexington, Regent and Hambletonian stock, 794 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. all fast animals. He was married November 8, 1855, to Miss Emoline Soper, a native of New York, but came to Cedar county when quite young. She died October 18, 1880, leaving seven children, Minerva E., James R., F. F., Lucina, Addie S., Elard and Eben Davis. Mr. Carl is a member of the U. O. H. No. 2, at Lone Tree. MATHEW CAVANAGH, a resident of Iowa City, and engaged in the practice of law, and real estate, was born May 12, 1832, in Cass county, Michigan. His parents came to Iowa in 1839, and settled in Johnson •county in 1840. He was married September, 1858, to Miss Mary Fellows, of Lee county, Illinois. They have five children. Amy R., Julia M., Carrie C, James M. and Lucy M. He graduated from Cornell College, Iowa, in 1857, and his wife is a graduate from the same college. His daughter, JuHa M., graduated from the State University, class in 1882,and is now teaching at LeMars, Iowa. Amy R., Carrie C. and James are graduates of the Iowa City High School. He was admitted to practice law in Linn county, Iowa, in 1861. He is a democrat in politics, was sheriff of Johnson county, was appointed and filled the unexpired term of S. P. McCadden, 1872, deceased, and was elected in 1873, and re-elected in 1875. He was township trustee of Iowa City township in 1871, a member of the city council in 1862, mayor of Iowa City in 1878, and is at present a member of the Iowa City school board and its president. He is a member of the Unitarian Society; a member of No. 6, I. O. O. F., A. O. U. W.,and L. of H., Iowa City. JOSEPH CERNY, a resident of Iowa City, a clothing merchant doing business on Washington street, was born February 20, 1839, in Bohemia, Austria. Came to America, December 25, 1854; landed in New York, and came to Iowa City January 6, 1855; a carpenter by trade. He clerked for Harrison Eppel prior to going in the clothing bus- iness in 1865. He was married June 14, 1864 to Miss Helen Haas of Iowa City. This union is blessed with six children: John A., George F., Louis F., Rosa, Ida, and Joseph. Member of Tutonia German Lodge, No. 129, I. O. O. F.; a member of the A. O. U. W., and also a member of the Masonic societies; a democrat in politics; was a member of the city council two years from third ward; elected in 1875. JOHN J. CERNY, a resident of Iowa City; in the saddlery and har- ness business at No. 28 Washington street; was born March 7, 1846, in Bohemia, Austria; came to America in 1855; landed in New York City, and settled in Iowa City the same year. He was married October 13, 1875, to Miss Mary Kasper of Iowa City; has three children, John W., Clara E., and Ella M. He is a member of Tutonia (German) Lodge No. 128, I. O. O. F.,and the A. O. U. W. of Iowa City. He is a democrat in politics. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 795 JAMES CHAMBERLAIN, a farmer residing in Madison township, post-office, North Liberty ; was born March 3, 1817, in Adams county, Penn- sylvania. His parents settled in Lafayette county, Indiana, in 1834, where he lived until the fall of 1841, when he settled in Johnson county, Iowa. He was married March 8, 1838, to Elizabeth Laman of Lafayette, Indiana. They had nine children, only two of them now living. His wife died July 10, 1856, and on the 24th day of May, 1857, he married Catharine Snavely, widow of Michael Snavely. By this union one child was born, Ira J. G., born September 10, 1S58. He is a member of the United Brethren Church at the Cross Roads Union Church in Madson township. He is a repub- lican in politics. He has held the office of member of the board of super- visors of Johnson county. He was member of the schobl board for twenty years prior to 1871, and has held the office of justice of the peace for twenty years last past, and is still justice of the peace for Madison town- ship. LEWIS E. CHAMBERLAIN, a farmer in Madison township, post- office. North Liberty; was born June 2, 1847, in Johnson county, Iowa. He was married September 3, 1868, "to Miss Annie J. Moreland of Keo- kuk county, Iowa. They have three children: James L., Lela M., and L. Glen. He is a republican in politics. He served in the late war for the Union in Company G, Forty-seventh Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infan- try. He is secretary of the Northwestern Insurance Company, of Madi- son township, with principal office at his residence; a good company doing a first-class business. THOMAS W. CHERRY, farmer, Lincoln township, post-office, Iowa City; was born October 8, 1808, in Washington county. New York; came to Iowa Cit}' in October, 1856. He was married to Lucinda Robinson, of Iowa City, November 3, 1831. They have four children: James A., born January 7, 1833, and living in Washington township, Johnson county; Lyman, born June 9, 1835, and died February 23, 1838; Thomas, born September 22, 1836, and died June 6, 1837; Ames, born August 24, 1840, married and living at home with his father. Mr. Ciierry is a republican in politics, and voted against the prohibitory constitutional amendment. He and his wife are both members of the Presbyterian Church. He was elected justice of the peace in 1859, and held the office one year; was elected school director in 1859, and held that office four years. AMES CHERRY, farmer, Lincoln township, post-office, Iowa City; was born August 24, 1840; came to Iowa City with his father, Thos. W. Cherry in 1856. He was married January 10, 1867, to Miss Minnie McClellan. This union is blessed with two children: Louis, born July 4, 1868, and Eugene, born May 27, 1870. Mr. C. went into the Union army in 1861, in Company B, Fourteenth Iowa Infantry, served one and a half years, and was transferred to the Seventh Iowa Cavalry, company L. 796 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. He is a republican in politics; voted against the prohibitory constitutional amendment. Held the office of township clerk five years in Pleasant Valle}^ township before the tovvnshjn ^v.is divided, and appointed in 1867 to fill the vacancy of township clerk caused by the resii^nation of David Higby. JOHN H. CHRISTEE, blacksmith, post-office, Oxford; was born in Richland county, Ohio, June 25, ISii, where he spent his early life until twenty-one years of age; he then came to Johnson county, where he fol- lowed farming for several years, and then went at his trade in Oxford. He was married to Miss Gertrude A. Gould, also a native of Ohio; they have four children: Ella, Frank H., Lillie V., and Elmer E. Mr. Christie is a member of Canopy Lodge, No. 290, A. F. & A. M. AUGUSTUS L. CLARKE, post-office, Iowa City; a direct descendent from Abraham Clarke, the signer of [the declaration of independence from New Jersey; was born January 17, 1832, in Rahway, Essex county. New Jersey; went to Ohio in 1847, to Iowa City, in 1857, and to California in the spring of 1859, and returned to Iowa City in December, 1864:. He was^married October 7, 1868, to Miss Florence A. Smith, of Iowa City, a grand-daughter of Governor Lucas. They have the following chil- dren: Caroline L., William L., George Warfield, Robert Sumner and Florence A. G. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church. He is a member of the Masonic bodies of Iowa City, and is a republican in politics; was justice of the peace of Lucas township for two years, and is at present United States store-keeper at the Iowa City Alcohol works. JOHN NORWOOD CLARK, proprietor of the "old curiosity shop" on Clinton street, in Iowa City; was born July 30, 1814, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was married July 22, 1836, to Miss Jane Sturtevant, of Ellicott's Mills, Maryland. This union is blessed with six children: only one living, Amanda, widow of Col. S. F. Webb, of Iowa City. He settled in Iowa City, October 21, 1853, and began business (the shoe business, 1853, and his present business, in 1855), and has continued in the present business since. He is a very prominent member of the Masonic and I. O. 0. F. Lodges, being Past Grand Master and Past Grand Warden of the 1. O. O. F. of the jurisdiction of Iowa representation. He is a democrat in politics. He lias held various offices of honor, profit and trust: Marshal of Iowa City in 1855, treasurer of Iowa City in 1873, and assessor of Iowa City in 1877-79-80-81, township trustees for many years, township clerk ten years in succession. He has served on the election board at the Court House voting precinct of Iowa City every year but one, since 1856. ZACHARIAH A. CLARK, (deceased); was born in Belmont county, Ohio, October 7, 1817, where he spent his early life, and followed the occupation of a farmer. He was married March 31, 1842, to Jane Smith, a native of Huntington county, Pennsylvania; born June 26, 1821. They I HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 797 lived in Ohio until 1856, when they emigrated to Iowa and settled in Gra- ham township, this county, where they lived until his death, February 3, 1865, leaving Mrs. Clark and six children to mourn his loss. Names of children were as follows: Eliza J., born May 25,1843, and died April 19, 1845; John N., born June 30, 1845, enlisted in company D, Twenty-fourth Iowa Infantry, September 18, 1862, and died at Helena, February 11, 1863 ; George K., born November 5, 1847, now in California; Nancy E., born January 7, 1850, now Mrs. James Poland; Sarah C, born April 18, 1852; Jasper N., born December 30, 1854; William H., born June 8, 1857, and Martha, born April 6, 1862. In 1880 Mrs. Clark moved to Fremont town- ship, where she owns eighty acres of land, and has a pleasant home. L. W. CLAPP, a resident of Iowa City, engaged in the practice of the law, office over the First National Bank, on Washington street; was born September 23, 1857, in Brooklyn, N. Y. Came to Iowa City with his parents in 1858. He is a graduate from the State University of Iowa in the class of 1877, and from the law department of State University of Iowa in 1878, began the practice of law in the spring of 1880. Is a repub- lican in poHtics, and alwaye takes a lively interest in all questions affect- ing the interest of the party. He enjoys the confidence of a large num- ber of clients, and as a reward for his faithful attention to their business receives a liberal compensation for his services. JOHN H. CLARK, merchant and stock-dealer, son of Ezekiel Clark; was born in Richland county, Ohio, October 23, 1841, and emigrated to Iowa in 1848, with his parents, and settled in Iowa City; he attended the State University, also Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College, at Chi- cago. When only twelve years of age he commenced dealing in stock and made a trip to Philadelphia, when at that age, with stock, and has been engaged in that business ever since. At one time he owned 3,200 acres of land, which he kept well stocked with cattle and hogs; he is the oldest shipper in [the county. He now owns a general merchandise store at Coralville, where he has lived for the past thirty years, and also owns considerable town property. He was married September 20, 1862, to Miss Mary McCullough, also of Ohio. This union has been blessed with seven children: four now living: Hattie B., Ezekiel, Mary S., and Cora C. CHARLES E. CLENCH, a resident of Iowa City, and proprietor of a photograph gallery on second floor, over American Express office, on south Clinton street, was born February 17th, 1850, in Niagara county, New York, began business in Iowa City in July, 1882. Came to the State of Iowa in April 1877. He was married in 1870 to Miss Nellie Newell, of Racine, Wisconsin; this union is blessed with two children: Maude and Mabel. The family are members of the Episcopal Church. A member of Eureka Lodge, I. O. O. F., Iowa City, and of the L. of H. of Iowa City. He is a republican in politics. 798 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. M. B. CLINE, post-office Riverside. Was born in Ross county, Ohio, September 2d, 1826; came to Des Moines County, Iowa, March 18, 1839; remained there until June 1841, when he came to Johnson county, and settled in Liberty township. In the spring following he moved across the line into Washington county, where he resided some seventeen years, when he moved back into Liberty township, and has resided in the county ever since. Mr. Cline was married in Louisa county, Iowa, December 25, 1859, to Miss Nancy C. Green of that county. She was born in Monroe county, Tennessee, August 7, 1839, and came to Iowa in April of 1851. Ten children have been born to them, two of whom, Irene and Evelyn, are dead. Those living are: Salathiel G., Walter F., George M., James K., Olena, Melcina, Ama E., and Michael E. Mr. Cline has taught sixteen terms of school in Johnson and adjoining counties. He held the office of clerk of elections in Liberty township, from 1860 until 1877; was for fourteen years successively secretary of school board; township assessor two years, and member of board of supervisors three years. He also held the offices of justice of the peace, assessor, and town- ship clerk, while resident of Washington county. Mr. Cline has been a member of the German Baptist Church for fifteen years. In politics he is a democrat. C. E. CLIFFORD, a resident of Scott township, post-office Iowa City. Was born in Oneida county, N. Y., December 6th, 1836; by occupation he is a farmer and stock raiser. He owns a farm of 510 acres, and has one of the finest farm residences in the county, built of brick in 1877. He came to Johnson county in 1858 and settled in Cedar township, and remained there about one year. He married Miss A. M. Hartsock of Illinois, and moved to New York, and remained there until 1862, when he returned to this county, and settled on the farm upon which he now resides. They have six children: Lottie E., Belle, Oneida A., Alice M,, Edwin C, and Palmyra A. Mr. Cliftbrd is the eldest child of Peter and Charlotte L. Cliftbrd, who are still living in New York State. There were eight children of his father's family, all living at this writing. M. T. CLOSE and C. D. CLOSE, residence in Iowa City, proprietors of the oil mill; and M. T. Close is one of the proprietors of the paper mill at Coralville. M. T. Close came to Iowa City in May 1851:, and C. D. Close came in December, 1854. M. T. Close was born January 3rd, 1829, and C. D. Close was born in September, 1832. They are recogniz- ed as men of enterprise, and as business men they have been a grand suc- cess. M. T. Close owned and filled the first ice house in Iowa City. He started a candle manufactory in 1856, a soap factory in 1858, an oil mill in 1861, and a paper mill in 1866; for a brief history of these enterprises, see sketch under their headings. The firm of M. T. Close & Co., of the oil mill, and M. T. Close & Son of the paper mill, are recognized as solid substantial and successful business institutions. They are republicans in HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 79^ politics; C. D. Close represented the fourth ward in the City Council in 1875; M. T. Close served in the City Council from the fourth ward in 1865 and 1871, and was a member of the school board of Iowa City. In all positions of honor, profit or trust, they have both proved faithful and competent representatives of any business entrusted to their care. JAMES R. CLOUD, farmer, Monroe township, post-office Danforth. Was born in Highland county, Ohio, October 30th, 1827. His parents, Nathaniel and Rebecca Cloud, came to Iowa in 1841, and settled twelve miles north of Burlington. In 1852 they moved to Johnson county. James was on the 14th November, 1855, married to Miss Elizabeth Whit- more, daughter of Lovell Whitmore, deceased, and step-daughter of Benjamin Swisher. To them were born two children, Elizabeth A., and Mamie H. His wife died February 15th, 1880. Mr. Cloud owns a farm in section 3, where he resides, and follows farming. He is a member of the Baptist Church; a republican in politics, and voted for the amend- ment. SAMUEL CLOUD, farmer, Monroe township, post-office Danforth. Was born October 14th, 1819, in Adams county, Ohio, where he was raised on a farm. Is the son of Nathaniel and Rebecca Cloud. January 13th, 1841, he was married to Miss Eliza A. Case, daughter of Otha and Mary A. Case, of Adams county, Ohio. To them have been born twelve children, nine of whom are living: Caroline, Mary A., James F., Rebecca M., Francis E., Rosan E., Samuel N., John T. W., and William S. Mr. Cloud moved to Indiana in January, 1841, and remained there until October 26, of that year, when he came to Iowa, and first settled in Big Grove town- ship; lived there until 1846, then moved to this township where he now resides, on section 10, though he first lived in section 6. In 1852 he went to California, remained there four years; then came back, and has fol- lowed farming and stock raising ever since. He owns a splendid farm of 200 acres, well improved; and deals in Short-horns and grade cattle, and Clydesdale horses. Until 1856, Mr. Cloud was a democrat; since that time he has voted the republican ticket. His wife died July 22, 1881. REV. OSCAR CLUTE, the minister of the Unitarian Church, was born March 11, 1837, in Albany county. New York. He entered the ministry in 1866, his first charge Vineland, N. J. He was settled over the charge in Iowa City, in 1878. He was married in 1867, to Miss Mary M. Teswick, of Shetland, Scotland; they have six children: William M., Oscar C, Lucy M., John A., Catharine J. and Edward H. Little Johnnie, a bright active child, full of life, at the age of three years met a horrible death by being burned. Rev. Clute was professor of mathematics at the Michigan State Agricultural College at Lansing, where he graduated in November, 1864, and as soon as he graduated they gave him the chair of mathematics, which he filled for several years, and then entered the min- istry. 800 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. MATHEW COCHRAN, farmer, Graham township, post-office Oasis; born March 6, 1828, in Glasc^ow, Scotland. Came to America in 1829, and settled in Johnson county, May 9, 1843, in what was then called Newport township, now Graham township, on section 28, township 80, ran^e 5 west, a splendid farm. He is the oldest settler in Graham town- ship. He was married January 22, 1857, to Miss Addina Douglass, a dautrhter of James Douglass, of Scott township; they have nine children, four boys and five girls: Mary C, Alvin, Laura A., Charles D., Agnes E., Jessie E., George B., Grace and Chester R. His wife is a member of the Presbyterian Church. He is a republican in politics. His father and mother both died in Graham township. He is the eldest brother of J. C. Cochran, the tinner and stove merchant of Iowa City, on Clinton street. When Graham township was organized they had quite a dispute over the name, and Mr. Cochran settled it by proposing to call it after Andrew Graham, the lather of Alex. H. Graham, and it was agreed to without a dessenting voice. JOHN COLDREN, the present sherifT of Johnson county; was born Dec. 4, 1839. Came to Iowa in 1866, and settled on a farm in Union township. He was elected sheriff in 1877, and has held that office ever since. Mr. Coldren was married March 27, 1868, to Mary O. Stevens, of West Lucas township. They have three children: Clymer, Stevens and Paul. In pohtics he is a democrat. His election to a third term in the face of a powerful opposition is evidence of his great popularity among voters of both parties. THOMAS COMBE, farmer and stock raiser, post-office Oxford; was born in England, Dec. 25, 1816. At the age of fourteen he came to America with his parents, and first settled in Knox county, Ohio, where he commenced to learn the carpenter trade, then went to Massillon, Ohio, where he worked for some years, and in 1838 he came to Jackson county, Iowa, and liAed there till April, 1840, when he came to Iowa City, where he worked at his trade. In the spring of 1850 he went to California and followed mining three years, meeting with good success. He then returned and Hved in the city until 1860, then moved on his farm in Oxford township, where he now owns 240 acres of fine land, and has a fine resi- dence, and enjoys the respect of all his neighbors. He was married Feb. 1, 1855, to Mary E. Merritt, a native of Vermont, and a lady of fine social abilities. They have three children : Robert M., Ella and Charles B. Mr. Combe is a member of the Episcopal Church, and during his stay in the city, served as alderman, and in other official capacities. W. F. CONKLIN, attorney at law and real estate dealer, Washington street, Iowa City; was born August 22, 1853, in Cedar county, Iowa. He graduated from the State University, law department, class of 1873, and began the practice of law in Iowa City in November, 1876. He was HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 801 married, December 17, 1874, to Miss Annie B. Keen, of Solon, Iowa. They have three children: Eddie P., Gertrude C. and Maude I. He is a democrat in politics. Was township clerk of Iowa City township for two years, 1879-80. D. V. CONKLIN, farmer, near Iowa City; was born March 21, 1827, in Licking county, Ohio. He came to Iowa in 1838, and finally settled in Johnson county, in Big Grove township, in 1850. He was married, October 7, 1819, to Miss Sarah Payn, of Solon, Iowa. They have five children: William F., A. C. Dodge, Loren J., Jessie A., wife of L. P. Kess- ler, of Audubon county, Iowa, and Ernest V. He is a democrat in poli- tics, and has held the office of township trustee of Big Grove township. He is an American in every sense of the word, and has no use for any person that does not belong to America. JOHN COOK, deceased; son of Michael Koch (Koch, in German, is literally Cook in English, hence the change in name), and grandson of Johann Koch, who emigrated from Germany in Revolutionary times; was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania^ in 1800, and moved with his father's family in 1811 to Columbiana county, Ohio. In 1851 he came to Iowa with his family, and settled in section IS, what is now Oxford township. He had visited Iowa in 1849-50, and purchased a large tract of land of about 1600 acres. His religious ideas were obtained by asso- ciation with the Quakers, and inclined to the faith of that sect. In poli- tics he was democratic, having began to take an interest in politics in 1828, during the famous Jackson campaign. Up to that time he was only able to read German. Political affairs gave him a desire to read for himself, and he learned to read and write English. For several years he filled a number of township offices with credit, and was county supervisor in 1863-64. He died in 1873, leaving an estate of $20,000. CHAS. W. CONOVER, farmer, section 35, Scott township, post-office, Downey; was born August 16, 1825, in Monmouth county. New Jersey. Came to Johnson county in 1858, and took up a claim on sections 1 and 2 in Scott township. Was absent ten years in the oil regions, from 1865 to 1875, in Oil City, Pennsylvania. He was married in 1842. Mr. C. is a republican in politics. M. W. COOK, post-office, Oxford; son of John Cook; born in Carroll county, Ohio, July 16, 1838. Removed with his father's family to Oxford in 1851. He was married to Hester Talbott, of Iowa county, in 1859. They have four children, three sons and one daughter: John H., Milton W., Arthur T. and Ella L. He began teaching in the public schools at the age of nineteen and has taught twenty-nine terms in twenty-five years. He enlisted in the 28th Iowa Infantry, at Marengo, in August, 1862. Served in the southwest and gulf departments till 1864, when the regi- ment was called to Virginia, and participated in the Shenandoah Valley cam- 802 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. paign. He was severely wounded at the battle of Cedar Creek, October 19, 1864, "with Sheridan twenty miles away;" discharged on account of wounds, and returned to his home in Iowa county in 1865. Was nomin- ated for representative by his soldier friends and declined, to become the regular republican nominee. Removed to Nebraska in 1866, and served as county surveyor one year in Johnson county, Nebraska, and taught school three years in Hillsdale, Nebraska. Returned to Iowa in 1871, and engaged in teaching and farming till 1876; then taught in Davenport township, Scott county, three years. Returned to Oxford in 1879, and located on the old Cook homestead. He has been for many years a con- tributor to the press, giving special attention to educational matters and the temperance cause; wrote the " Annals of Oxford" in 1881, for publi- cation in the Oxford yoiirnal. His educational advantages consisted of the common school training in the public schools of Ohio till twelve years of age, and four months in the schools of Iowa subsequently, with a course in a normal school for soldiers, at the hospital in Philadelphia, while being treated for the wound received at Cedar Creek. The two circumstances of his life which he regards as most creditable are his ser- vices as a soldier and his advocacy of the cause of temperance in the campaign of 1882, which gave to Iowa the prohibitory amendment. MARK CORRIG AN, farmer, post-office, Solon; was born in Jefler- son county, N. Y., November 11, 181:7. Is a son of Patrick and xAnn Corrigan, natives of Ireland. Mr. Corrigan spent the first twenty-one years of his life in New York, and came to Iowa and settled in Big Grove township, near Solon, in 1869, where he now resides. WM. H. COTTER, farmer, post-office, Oxford; was born in Oneida count}', N. Y., October 10, 1824, where he spent his early life and fol- lowed the manufacture of wooden-ware. In 1852 he went to Massa- chusetts, where he lived three years, and then came to Oxford township in the spring of 1855, and bought 160 acres of land, which he how owns. Since coming here he has been engaged in tilling the soil, and was the first assessor in Oxford township, being elected in 1856, and^has since filled the offices of township clerk and assessor, and is one of Oxford's best citizens. He was married April 25, 1850, to Emmarilda Harrington, of Oxford, N. Y.; she dying June 29, 1872, leaving five children: WiUie D., now living in Emerson, this state; Ida M., Earl G. and Ernest H., and one child deceased, Freddie. It was Freddie who named this township. The papers all being filled out but the name, the question came up what the new township would be called — this being at Mr. Cotter's house. They wrote several names each on a slip of paper and put them in a hat and told Freddie, then only three years of age, to take out one piece, and he drew the one upon which Oxford was written, it being decided that the name he drew should be the name of the township. Mr. Cotter is a member of Canopy Lodge No. 290, A. F. and A. M. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 803 J. COWGILL, a farmer, residing in Graham township, in section 26, post-office, Oasis; was born in 1820, in Ohio; came to Iowa and settled in Graham township in 1860. He was married in 1848 to Miss Amanda Mead, daughter of Samuel Mead. They have seven children; three daughters married, one living in Wheeling, Va,, one in Colorado and one in Iowa City. AARON COX, a farmer and stock raiser, residing in Union township, on section 30; was born August ■!, 1860, in that township. His father was from Washington county. Pa., and his mother from Ohio; they both reside in Union township. He was married January 26, 1882, to Miss Mary Omsler, daughter of Phillip Omsler, of Washington township, Johnson county. Mr. Cox is a republican in politics. His parents were among the first settlers in Union township, where they engaged in farm- ing. THOMAS J. COX, a resident of Iowa City, engaged in loaning money and insurance business, office in Odd Fellows building; was born September 15, 1827, in Ashland county, Ohio; came to Iowa City in 1854, and was a deputy in the United States land office, under Clark, until 1856, when he engaged in the banking business. He was cashier in the Iowa State Bank branch at Iowa City until the U. S. National Banking Laws were passed, and the Iowa City National Bank was organized, when he became the cashier of that bank. He was clerk of the court from 1862 to 1864, elected by over 700 majority over his opponent, H, E. Brown. He was married August 4, 1856, to Miss Cordelia Crogan. He is a democrat in politics, and enjoys the confidence of the business men of Iowa City. His twenty-six years of business life in Iowa City have been marked with success. J. R. COZINE, physician and surgeon, post-office, Morse; w^as born in Johnson county, in 1856, is the son of Samuel Cozine, who was one of the first settlers in Graham township. He entered the Medical College in the State University in 1879, and graduated there in 1881. He then went to Chicago and practiced pharmac}^ there for one year, and then came to Morse station and began the practice of medicine. He now has a good practice and also owns and runs a drug store. In 1880 he became a member of the Methodist Church. ANDREW CRAWFORD, farmer and importer of thoroughbred stock; post-office. Lone Tree; was born in Kircubrightshire, Scotland, May 11, 1838, and when quite young his parents, Hugh and Jennette Crawford, emigrated to Canada, and lived near Toronto some thirteen years, and the fall of 1854 came to Iowa City. During early life the sub- ject of this sketch followed farm work, and in May, 1866, he purchased a half section of land where he now lives, in Fremont township, then being wild prairie. He now has one of the best improved farms in the town- 804 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. ship, of 385 acres. He pays special attention to importing and raising thorougiibred horses, cattle and sheep. He imported the first English pure-bred Clydesdale mare in 1877 that ever came to Iowa, at a cost of $900, when fifteen months old. In 1865 he imported from Canada the first Canada bred horse brought to this county. Since then he has imported from Canada six head of Canada bred Clydesdale horses and mares. He now has seven head that are recorded in the Clydesdale stock book. In January, 1870, he bought a pair of thoroughbred Short-horn calves six months old, of A. G. Dunlap, Galesburg, Illinois, and brought them home in a wagon, these being the first brought to this county. He has now a herd of forty head. He also has some fine Cotswold sheep from Canada bred. He was married January 8, 1867, to Jennette Alli- son, a native of Canada. This union has been blessed with five children, four now living: William, Jessie, Thomas and Walter. JERRY CRAY, farmer and stock raiser, post-office. Lone Tree; was born in Summerset county, New Jersey, October 1, 1851, and came to Johnson county with his parents, Christopher and Precilla, in 1856, and has spent his life here on a farm. He now owns 320 acres of land. He was married February 19, 1875, to Sarah Hiler, a native of this State. They have three children: John H., Rora E. and Albert B. JOHN H. CRAY, farmer and stock-raiser, post-office. Lone Tree; was born in Summerset county. New Jersey, June 20, 1840, and came to Iowa April, 1856, with his parents, Christopher and Precilla Cray, and settled in section 5, Fremont township. His father died March 19, 1857. Mrs. Cray is still living at the age of seventy-two. There are seven chil- dren living, of which the subject of this sketch is next to the oldest. In the spring of 1865 he went to Colorado, and returned the summer of 1866. With that exception he has always lived in this county. In 1866 he settled in section 32, Pleasant Valley township, where he owns 190 acres of well improved land, and has erected very fine and commodious buildings, and has a fine location, which makes his one of the most pleas- ant farm-homes in the county. He gives his attention to farming and feeding stock. He was married April 16, 1871, to Sylvia Knapp, a native of this State, and a daughter of Stephen A. and Huldah (Cosley) Knapp, who came to this State from Pennsylvania about 1849. They have four children: Carrie M., born February 19, 1872; Rosa R., born January 24, 1874; Ethel L., born May 14, 1878, and Lizzie B., born May 4, 1880. NATHANIEL CROW, farmer and raiser of fine stock, oost-office, Windham; born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, February 14, 1835, and is of German descent. Is a son of Michael and Sarah Crow, who are still living in Pennsylvania. He spent his early life in his native county on a farm, and in 1855 came to Iowa and bought land in Hardin township, where he now owns 415 acres of fine land, all well improved, and gives HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 805 his attention to farming and raising thorouglibred stock. He now has 90 head of cattle, part of them fine thoroughbred Short-horns. He is one of the most enterprising farmers in Johnson county. He was married September 1, 1859, to Miss Louisa Schleiter, a native of Ohio, and came to Johnson county in the spring of 1854. They have five children, all still living: John G., Louisa, Minnie C, Charles S. and Frankie H. DAVID CROZIER (deceased), was born in February, 1800, in Fay- ette county, Pennsylvania; learned the trade of carpenter; came to Man- chester, Ohio, where he followed his trade. There, on the 29th day of November, 1821, he was married to Miss Margaret Means. They had ten children: John, Nancy, Jane, William M., James, Eliza, Francis M., Sarah, Amand, and Thomas, six of this number are living: Thomas and Amand are residents of this township. From Manchester Mr. Crozier came to Illinois, and helped lay off the town of Paris; from there he went to Chicago, and then to Johet, working at his trade. In 1840 he came to Iowa, and settled in Johnson county, where he remained up to his death, March 19, 1876. His first wife died October 12, 1869. In the fall of 1870 he was married to Mrs. Roxena Linderman, of Iowa City. Mr. Crozier was captain of a company in the Black Hawk war. He was a good citizen, loved and respected by all who knew him. CAPT. ALFRED B. CREE, a resident of Iowa City, was born Feb- ruary 22, 1831, in Perry county, Pennsylvania. He is a cabinet-maker by trade. He came to Iowa in 1855, and settled in Iowa City in 1856. He enlisted August 7, 1862, and was commissioned captain of Company F, Twenty-second Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry, August 10, 1862. He was wounded in the right shoulder September 19, 1864, at Winchester, Virginia, and wounded in the right leg severely, October 19, 1864, at Cedar Creek, Virginia. He was mustered out of the service July 25, 1865, at Savannah, Georgia, and returned to Iowa City, and entered the store of Mr. Nixon, and remained there until 1881, when he became a member of the firm of Hohenschub, Cree & Lee, furniture dealers and undertakers. He was elected trustee of first ward March, 1869; again, in March, 1875, and again in March, 1877, and was chief of the fire department four years. He was elected vice-president of the State Fire- men's Association in 1880, and re-elected in 1881. He was married September 5, 1860, to Miss Hattie Smith of Iowa City. He is a democrat in politics, and takes a lively interest in the interests of his party. ALONZO B. .CUSTER, a farmer living on section 19, in Union township; was born February 11, 1826, in Herkimer county. New York; lived in the same house he was born in lor 31 years, and came to Iowa City, January 28, 1857, and has resided here ever since. He was married June 28, 1849, to Miss Margaret C. Bellinger, of Herkimer county. New 51 806 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. York. The}' have seven children: Martha, born in 1851, now Mrs. L. Bowton of Mills county, Iowa; Lela, born 1855, now residing in Potta- wattamie county; Minnie, born 1857, now Mrs. Wm. Christy, of Mills county, Iowa; Grace, born 1859; Earle, born, 1861; Maggie, born 1804; and Sophia, born 1870. They have lost two sons, one at eight years, of age, and one at four years. His father died in July 1831, and his mother in April, 1861. On December 17, 1879, he was driving a threshing machine, and got caught in the horse-power, his left hip thrown out of joint; abdomen torn open eleven and one half inches; right leg broken above the ankle; was bedfast four months, but fully recovered, and is now rugged and hearty, with no lameness. His wife was sick during his affliction, and died April 28, 1880; age 50 years. He was raised a whig; helped to make the republican party in 1856, and been with them ever since; does not belong to any church, and voted against the prohibitory amendment JOHN DANZELL, farmer, post-office, Windham; was born in Cum- berland county, Pennsylvania, May 21, 1820. He spent the greater part of his early life in Washington county, Pennsylvania; followed wagoning for a number of years — this being before the railroads, and all produce had to be hauled to market, sometimes hundreds of miles, and goods brought back in exchange. In 1840 his parents, George and Mary Dan- zell, came to Burlington, but did not like the country,'^and returned to Pennsylvania. He was a wagoner in the war of 1812. In 1854 they came to Johnson county, and settled on the farm now owned by John, the subject of our sketch, and for a number of years kept a hotel known as " The Farmers' Home." Mr. Danzell remained a bachelor and lived with his parents, until their death, then was married November 1^, 1868, to Mrs. M. A. D. Armington, her maiden name being Myers, a native of Knox county, Ohio, and a daughter of Peter Myers, who came to Iowa county November, 1853. She was first married July 5, 1861, to Joseph Armington, who was killed by the explosion of gas in an oil-can July 29, 1862. Mr. Danzell has a fine farm of 178 acres and a fine farm residence, and give his attention to farming and raising stock. JOHN DAVIS, farmer. Union township, post-ofhce, Iowa City; was born in 1816, at Wells' Park, England; came to America in 1823; landed in New York, and moved to Utica, New York; remained there 12 years, then came to Johnson county, and settled in Union township. He was married in 1852 to Miss Anna Griffith; has five children Hving: Peter D., Thomas D., David, Dewey, Ella May, and Elizabeth B., 7 years; Wil- liam, 5 years; Eliza H., 6 years; and John, age 9 years, are dead. In poli- tics he is a republican. THOMAS D. DAVIS, farmer residing in Sharon township, post-office Iowa City; was born Nov. 20, 1842, m Cambria county, Pennsylvania. Came to Iowa and settled in Sharon township in 1845. He was married HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 807 March 31, 1869, to Miss Maggie Roberts of Pennsylvania. They have six children: Hattie, Emma, Lizzie, Irene, Mattie, Maggie. Member of the Congregational (Welch) church in Sharon township. Member of the A. O. U. W. of Iowa City. Republican in politics and has held several township office, and has been elected the third time for justice of the peace for Sharon township. He is president of the stock company that owns the Sharon cheese factory, and one of its directors. He has a good farm well stocked, and is a successful business man. L. DAVIS, a resident of Tiffin, was born Oct. 26, 1823, in Windham county, Connecticut. He came to Johnson county, and settled in Clear Creek township, in the fall of 1855. He was married June 18, 1843, to Miss Elizabeth Ewers, of Knox county, Ohio. She died in June, 1848, in Lucas county. His second marriage was Sept. 27, 1848, to Miss Mary Smith of Williams county, Ohio. He was a soldier in the Federal army, in Co. F., 14th Regiment Iowa Infantry, and was taken prisoner at Shiloh, Tennessee. He is a member of the Christian Church in Tiffin. He has had charge of Plymesser & Douglass' grain elevator and lumber business at Tiffin for four years. Is a republican in politics ; he has held the office of township trustee and justice of the peace for two years. JOHN DAVIS, Coralville; was born in Franklin county, Massachu- setts, Sept. 25, 1834. In 1841, he emigrated with his parents to Putman county, Illinois, where he spent his early life and learned the macfhinist trade. He was in the Government employ at Cairo, Illinois, during the war. He came to Johnson county in 1864 and engaged with Borland & Clark, afterwards with the Iowa City Bale Rope Manufacturing Co. In 1869 he built the planing mill at Coralville and in 1871 the saw mill, which he still owns. He was married twice; first Dec. 25, 1856, to Miss Martha A. Stilley, a native of IlHnois, and the second time to Mary A. Stilley, July 4, 1865. There are three children by the first marriage: John, William and Alice; and four by the last: Emma, Leora, Otis and Harry. He is a member of No. 44, I. O. O. F. ISAAC V. DENNIS, a farmer residing in West Lucas township, post- office, Iowa City; was born Nov. 11, 1822, at Batavia, Clermont county, Ohio. . He left there and settled in Iowa with his mother and family in 1838, May the 1st, where he now lives on section six. When they crossed the Iowa river they took the wagon apart and shipped it over in a canoe and swam the oxen. His residence was for two years the farthest west of any building in Johnson county, the very picket outpost of civilization. In 1840 William Dunn brought some printing material to Iowa City and Mr. Dennis did the first type setting ever done in Johnson county, and got out a paper called the Iowa City 'Standard^ of whig politics; this was some time early in 1840, and the Iowa City Republican of to-day is the continuation of that first paper. Later in the same year Mr. Dennis 808 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Started the Iowa City Aro-us, a democratic paper. Afterwards worked some years at type setting on State work (see chapter on newspapers of the county.) He was married Dec. 31, 1843, to Miss Elizabeth Fellows of what was then called Iowa City township. They have six children: Emily, George, Lucien I., William Delos, Samuel Kirk wood and Grant. He built the tirst frame house in Iowa City. J. B. DENISON, farmer, post-office, North Liberty; the oldest resi- dent of this township; was born Dec. 1, 1815, in Muskingdon county, Ohio. His parents, Gerdon and Etherlinda Denison, were natives of Mas- sachusetts. They moved to Ohio where J. B. was born and raised on a farm. At the age of twenty-three he left Ohio to come to Illinois, where he had two brothers. [See History.] He was then a single man. After arriving here he entered 32() acres of land in section one, where he still resides. He boarded with his brother G. S., and followed braking prairie for a number of years, renting his farm. On the 10th day of April, 1853, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Diggins of this count}-, formerly from Pennsylvania. To them were born five children, four living: Mariah, Julia A.\ Matilda P. and David Ely. His wife died Nov. 5, 1875. By his industry, he has accumulated considerable property; he owns 540 acres of land. He has long been a member of the M. E. Church, a republican in politics, and temperance man in every sense of the term. ISAAC N. DeSELLEM, farmer, Pleasant Valley township, post-office, Iowa City; was born in Jefierson county, Ohio, February 7, 1820. Came to Johnson county and settled on a farm in Pleasant Valley in 1854. He was married Oct. 29, 1846, to Miss Margaret J. Mahan, of JefTerson county, Ohio. They are the parents of the following children: Hannah E., George B. and John L., who died in 185t>, aged eight years. He is a republican in politics, and voted for the prohibitory constitutional amend- ment. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Church. He was a soldier in the late civil war, in company I, 22d Iowa Infantry; entered in the summer of 1862, and was discharged at Vicksburg on account of disability in 1863. He died in September, 1882, since this sketch was written. S.J. DEVOE, farmer. Lone Tree; was born in Cortland county. New York, Februar}' 5, 1821. His father moved to Onondaga county when he was seven years of age, where the subject of our sketch spent his early life and got a common school education. He came to Iowa City January 1, 1856, on the first train that came into the city on the C, R. I. & P. R. R. The following spring he came to Fremont township, where he bought 160 acres of land, where he now lives and at present owns 240 acres, all well improved, and has a fine home. He was married, June 26, 1845, to Elvira Williams, a native of New York; she dying September 14, 1860. He was again married, September 4, 1861, to Mrs. Margaret HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 809 Lutz (formerly Huskins), daughter of Richard Huskins, of Lone Tree; she coming to this county in 1856, from Pennsylvania. There were five children by the first marriage, four still living: Allen S., Sarah L., now Mrs. Wm. Draubaugh, Ellen E., now Mrs. Z. T. Baker, Flora E. and Mosier J., deceased; and by the second marriage they have had eight children, five now living: Richard H., Elizabeth E., George A., Charlotte H. and Maggie M., and Mary A., Juliette R. and an infant, deceased. Mrs. Devoe first married Dr. John Lutz, a native of Pennsylvania, July 9, 1851; he dying April 22, 1858, leaving four children: James C, now deceased; Georgiana, William F. and John. Mr. Devoe and family are members of the Reform Church. STRAWDER DEVAULT, farmer, post-oftice, Solon; was born in Ross county, Ohio, February 4, 1818. When about eight years of age, his parents moved to the northern part of Ohio, where they lived eight years, then removed to Indiana. In 1839 the subject of our sketch emi- grated to Iowa and settled in Johnson county, and bought a claim where he now resides, paying seventy dollars therefor. In the spring of 1850 he went to California, and returned in 1851; with that exception he has always remained in this county. He now owns 750 acres of land, and is one of the most wealthy men in the northern part of the county. He was married, in July, 1848, to Hannah Stiles, a native of New York State, daughter of Warren Stiles, who came to this county in 1837; she dying June 12, 1881. They had six children: Jasper N., Stephen A., Ellen, LaFayette, Seneth and David. JOSEPH DICKENSON, farmer and stock-raiser, Graham township; son of loseph and Anna Dickenson, deceased; was born in 1860 in John- son county. He was married, July 4, 1881, to Miss Amelia Wentz, daughter of Paul Wentz, of Johnson county, Iowa. They have one child, a boy, named Joseph. JOHN DILATUSH, farmer and stock raiser; post-office, Downey, Cedar county; was born November 28, 1828, in Essex county. New Jer- sey; went to Ohio in 1838, and lived in Warren county until 1859, and then came to Johnson county and settled in Pleasant Valley in the fall of that year, now Lincoln township, and has resided there ever since. He was mar- ried November 30, 1853, to Miss Rachel Hunt, of Harveysburg, Ohio, Warren county. They have but one child, an only daughter, Mary F., wife of James S. Watson. He makes a specialty of Jersey cattle and fine horses, roadsters; he is the owner of the celebrated stallion Marshal Ney, record, 2:35. He is a Republican in politics; has held the office of justice ot the peace for sixteen years; was member of the board of supervisors for Johnson county for seven years, and was the Republican candidate for Representative in 1881, but was defeated by a small majority. Mr. D. is one of the Johnson county successful farmers. 810 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. L. B. DILLE, farmer and stock raiser, Scott township, in section 22; post-office, Iowa City; was born February 26, 1821, in Cuyahoga county, Ohio. At 21 3^ears of age he began the practice of dentistr}^, which he followed twenty-two years. In 1846 he moved to Kent county, Michigan, remaining there ten years, and returned to his native state; he came to Johnson county in 1868. He was married in Ohio in 1846 to Miss Rohannah White, of Erie county. New York. Their family consists of four children: Ella, wife of James K. Serney, of Clinton, Iowa, and Eva are living, and Hudson and Darwin are dead. Mr. Dille has been a mem- ber of the Christain Church for forty-one years; was justice of the peace in Michigan for four years, and held the office of trustee in that State. D. M. DIXON, farmer, Graham township; residing in section 35, post- office, Oasis; was born in Butler county, Pennsylvania, August 7, 1829; settled in Johnson county, Iowa, October 9, 1852. He was married April 13, 1854, to Miss Mary Douglass. This union has been blessed by two children: Naomi, wife of John T. Stevenson, of Atlantic, Iowa, and Miss Belle. He is a republican in politics, and a member of the Presbyterian Church at Fairview ; has been superintendent of the Sunday School fifteen years; he has been school director nearly ever since he has been in Gra- ham township, township trustee and justice of the peace for four years. He is one of Graham township's successful farmers, and a highly respected citizen. J. DONDORE, a resident of Iowa City; was born October 11, 1830, in Berks county, Pennsylvania; came to Iowa City in 1856; he is a black- smith by trade, and opened a shop when he first settled in Iowa City, and now has a wagon, carriage and repair shop in connection, with his black- smith shop on the corner of College and Dubuque streets. He was mar- ried September 16, 1859, to Miss Dorotha Landry, of Iowa City; she died in June, 1874. They had two children: Frank and Clinton. He is a member of the M. E. Church of Iowa City; a member of No. 6, I. O. O. F. and V. A. S., of Iowa City. He was married in June, 1875, to Miss Julia Hetzel, of Windam, Hardin township; he is a republican in politics. GEORGE W. DODDER, a resident of Iowa City; was born May 11, 1815, in Sussex county. New Jersey. He was married March 18, 1837, to Miss Effie J. Predmore, of Stillwater, New Jersey. He settled in Iowa City, July 14, 1855; and filled the office of justice of the peace for seven- teen years, and has been in the insurance business twenty-one years. On the 8th day of June, 1869, was duly empaneled on the first jury of colored citizens in the United States, and the justice says they did equal and exact justice to the plaintiff and defendant, both of whom were "American citi- zens of African descent"; he is a democrat in politics, and was elected justice of the peace again in 1882. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 811 MICHAEL DONOHOE, farmer and stock-raiser; residing on section one in Graham township, post-office, Morse; was born 1833, in Ireland, a son of James and Mary Donohoe; came to America in 1853, landed in New Orleans; went to Ohio, and from there to Illinois, and finally in the fall of 1854 settled in Clear Creek township, Johnson count}-, Iowa; lived there three years and moved to Iowa City, and in 1859 settled in Graham township. He was married in 1856 to Miss Ellen Peters, of Iowa City. This union is blessed with ten children: two boys, and eight girls. The family are members of the St, Mary's Roman Catholic Church. He is a democrat in politics. PATRICK DONOHOE, a farmer and stock-raiser, residing in Gra- ham township, on section 1, post-office address, Morse; was born in March, 1825, in Ireland: came to America in 1849, and landed in Mobile, Ala- bama, and lived a short time in New Orleans; moved to Ohio in 1850; remained there nine months, and moved to Warren county Illinois; lived there until 1852, and that year settled in Iowa City, and made that his home until 1855, and finally settled in Graham township. He was mar- ried in 1855 to Miss Catharine Peters of Johnson county, Iowa. They have four children, three boys and one girl. The family are members of the St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church in the Nolans settlement in Cedar county. A democrat in politics. PATRICK O. DON A VAN, a farmer and stock-raiser residing in Graham township, post-office address Morse; was born in 1827, in County Cork, Ireland; came to America in 1852, and lived in New York two years and finally, in 1856, settled in Graham township, Johnson county, Iowa. He was married in 1853 to Miss Ellen Maher of Iowa City, They have eight children, five boys and three girls. The family are members of the Roman Catholic Church. A democrat in politics. PATRICK DONAVAN, a resident of Graham township, post-office, Morse, a farmer and stock-raiser; was born in County Cork, Ireland, in 1827, and came to New York in 1852; Hved there two years, and came to Iowa City; lived there ten years, and then came to Graham township. He was married in Iowa City in 1853 to Miss Ellen Maher, They have eight children. Mr, and Mrs. Donavan are members of the Cath- olic Church. J. M. DOUGLASS, a farmer residing near Tiffin, and the senior mem- ber of the firm of Douglass & Plymesser, grain merchants and agricul- tural dealers at Tiffin; was born November 12, 1834, in Richland county, Ohio; came to Iowa in 1839. He was married March 18, 1850, to Miss Susan B. Frazee of Johnson county, Iowa. They have eight children: Rosie, wife of L. T. Nipher; Edward E., J. William, Jesse B,, Myra, Bur- ton, Clinton A., and Addie. A greenbacker in poHtics; was formerly a republican, and was elected assessor on the greenback ticket; has been 812 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. justice of the peace, and trustee of Clear Creek township. He is one of the enterprising men of Clear Creek township. WILLIAM A. DOUGLASS, farmer, post-office, Oxford; was born in this township August 10, 1847; is a son of James and Fannie Douglass. He has followed farming and the carpenter trade. He was married December 25, 1866, to Mary E. Brenneman. They had two children: Mary E. and Fannie. He was again married to Margaret House Janu- ary 7, 1878. They have one child, Mary, born October 7, 1881. He is now hving on the old Douglass homestead, the first settled farm in the township. JAMES H. DOUGLASS, farmer, section 26, post-office, Oxford; was born in this township February 5, 1841, and is a son of James Douglass, the first settler in what is now Oxford township. His father died in 1854. He staid at home and assisted his mother in the hotel, as his father had kept public house for several years in section 24. In January, 1856, he enlisted in company F, Twenty-second Iowa, and since the war has been engaged in the carpenter trade, furniture business and farming, and owns 100 acres of land. He was married October 15, 1866, to Mary Rose, a native of New York city, and a daughter of Bernard Rose, a German, who was bandmaster of the fifth New York regiment in the Mexican war, and took his family, which consisted of wife and daughter Mary, with him, Mar}^ then being only two years of age. She was with her father five years in the army. After the war they went back to New York, and came to Johnson county in 1857. Mr. Rose died in 1869. Mr. and Mrs. Douglass have six children: Charlie L., Rosa A., Albert B., Mary A., John S., and William M. DAVID DRAUBAUGH, farmer, post-office. Lone Tree; was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, May 30, 1818, where he spent his early life and worked on a farm, and in his father's distiller}' until 1852, when he came to Johnson county, and settled where he now lives and owns 195 acres of land. He has been twice married; first to Eliza Steel, May 15, 1840, she dying March 1, 1871, leaving six children: Arm- strong, Theophilas, Melinda, Emahne, Albert T. and Ellsworth. He was again married, November 20, 1873, to Sarah A Michael, a native of Mifflin county, Pennsylvania. They have two children: Minne M. and Annie J. V. MICHAEL DUFFY, the subject of this sketch, was born in Ireland in 1810; came to America and to Iowa City in March, 1840. He was married June 14, 1841, to Miss Helen Burns. They raised a large family of children, and he lived to see them all matured and well settled in life and able to take care of themselves. He died in March, 1882, on his old homestead in section 35, township 79, universally respected by all who came in contact with the influence of his good natured ways. He made HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 813 his claim on Old Man's creek, in the Ricord settlement in 18i3. He often spoke of possessing the honor of having- worked on the foundation of the old capitol building, and the great pride he felt in being the man selected to throw the first shovel of dirt in breaking ground for the foundation. FRANK DUNKEL, a resident of Iowa City; born August 8, 1854, in Iowa City. He was married April 11, 18T6; has two children: Charlie, born October 8, 1877; Frankie, born April 11, 1878. His father is still hving at the ripe old age of seventy-three; his mother died in Iowa City in 1855. KASPER DUNKEL, a resident of Iowa City; was born Sept. 15, 1809, in Bavaria, Germany. Came to America in July, 1836, landed in New York; finally settled in Iowa City in July, 1840. He was married in September, 1837, in Boston, to Miss Mary A. Alnier. She died of cholera in Iowa City, in August, 1855. They had three children: Wil- liam J., Henry and Frank. The family are members of the St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church of Iowa Cit}-. He was one of the original mem- bers of this church, and is the oldest member living of the original mem- bers. WILLIAM J. DUNKEL, a resident of Iowa City, and a merchant, doing business on Linn street near the St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church; was born Oct. 9, 1840, in Iowa City, and was the first male child born in Iowa City. He was married April 6, 1875, to Miss Rosa Lutter, of Richmond, Iowa. They have three children living: Eugene W., George, K., and Willie B. The family are members of the St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church of Iowa City. He was the first child baptized in Iowa City by this church. He is a democrat in politics. R. L. DUNLAP, a resident of Iowa City, and dealer in all kinds of heavy farm machinery, threshing machines and agricultural implements; was born June 6, 1823, in Cherry Valley, New York; came to Iowa City in 1858; bought grain a short time, and then engaged in his present business in 1863; office on Washington street, near the new city hall. He was married June 15, 1847, to Miss Alma L. Willey. She died December 5, 1358. They had two children, Fannv H., wife of M. A. Lumbard, of Des Moines, Iowa; Meracus F., married and lives at O'Falan, Mo. He was married April 23, 1866, to Mrs. Orlando S. Cole of Iowa City. They have two children: Robert O. and Ralph L. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Iowa City. A republican in politics. He has the agency of many valuable inventions, and his ware-rooms contain a large assortment of agricultural implements and farm machinery. He is recognized as one of the substantial business men of Iowa City. EDWARD DUPONT, son of Henry F. Dupont, one of the early set- tlers of Monroe township, was born Jul}^ 8, 1861, at the old homestead in Monroe township. His father received injuries from his team running 814 HISTORV OF JOHNSON COUNTY. away about a year before he died. His system received a severe shock, and he died July 2, 1874. His mother is still living in Kansas. This young man is a student in Iowa City. His father had accumulated a fine fortune, and left it unimpared to his children. Mr. Dupont is a democrat in politics, and an industrious young man of good habits. JACOB DURST, a farmer, residing in Sharon township; was born May 20, 1827, in Bavaria; came to America in 1855; landed in New York City, and came to Johnson county and settled in Sharon township in May of the same year. He was married Jan. 19, 1853, to Miss Cath- arine Stahl, of Bavaria. They have five children: Barbara, wife of Abraham Deckendar; Lena, Charlie, Jacob C. and Henry. He is a demo- crat in politics, and is one of the trustees of Sharon township at present, and has been for five years. He has made a specialty of raising amber cane and making syrup; made 500 gallons from his own raising, and cooked for others 1,200 gallons in 1882; he has been in the business twelve years, and has made a success of it; he has a fine farm and plenty of good stock; has an orchard of about three acres, and for seventeen years has never failed to raise all the apples he needed and more every year. The large orchard is of young trees, part beginning to bear. HENRY EAR HART, a farmer, and resident of Liberty township; post-office, Iowa City. Was born June 10, 1814, in Virginia; left there in 1828 and settled near Dayton, Ohio, and resided there until 1837, and in the spring of that year came to Johnson county, and with his brother took up a piece of land of 120 acres upon which is now situated Coralville. He was married in 1843 to Miss Mary Oberholster, of Johnson county. She died in 1858, September 28, ot dropsy. He then married the widow of William Morford. By this union they had four children: William H. and Samuel, still living, and Nevada and Mary E., deceased. Has lived in Liberty township where he now resides, thirty-one years. He is a democrat in politics and voted against the prohibitory constitutional amendment. W. M. EDDY, farmer and stock raiser, Oxford; was born in Lake county, Ohio, Jul}' 2, 1836, where he spent his boyhood days until he was sixteen, and in 1852 went to Illinois with his parents, Benjamin and Louisa Eddy. They lived in Bureau county one year, then came to Oxford town- ship in 1853, and settled on the farm now owned by William. Here they entered eighty acres and bought more, and tented out in a hay shanty until they could build a log one. Benjamin died July 27, 1870, and his wife, Louisa, April 16, 1878, leaving five children. The subject of our sketch enlisted in August, 1861, in Co. G, 8th Iowa Infantry, and was wounded at Vicksburg. Since the war he has given his attention to farm- ing and raising stock, and now owns 304 acres of fine land and has fine buildings and improvements. He was married January 27, 1868, to Erne- HISTORV OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 815 line Brant, a native of Pennsylvania, but who came here with her father, Samuel Brant, in 1856. They have five children: Allen J., horn April 8, 1870; Rosetta, born November 13, 1872; Benjamin F., born October 26, 1874; Orville W., born October 25, 1877, and an infant, born May 1, 1882. GILES EDMONDS, farmer, post-office. River Junction; was born in New York State, March 19, 1831. When about nine years of age his parents, James and Harriett, moved to Hamilton county, Ohio, where they lived a few years, and in 1850 emigrated to Iowa and settled in this town- ship, where the subject of this sketch has since resided, and owns 150 acres of land, and has a fine residence. He was married in 1852 to Eliza- beth Hendricks; she dying in 1853, he was again married in 1854, to Cynthia A. Evans, she dying February 2, 1875, leaving six children: Emma, Agnes, Luther, Eva, Addie and Albert. He was again married to Mrs. Mary Lewis, formerly Miss Pullen, August 11, 1881. JOSEPH A. EDWARDS, attorney at law, Iowa City; was born Sep- tember 1, 1845, in Putnam county. Ills. He was married June 14, 1877, to Miss Emma Hems worth. He was a soldier in Co. B, 139th Illinois Infantry from June, 1864, till the close of the war. He graduated from the Law Department of the State University in 1873, and entered the law practice in this city the same year; is a republican in politics; was city solicitor in 1880, and was one of a committee to compile and revise the city ordinances. He was chairman of the republican central committee in 1881. JOHN EGERM AN, a resident of Solon, Big Grove township; was born November 1, 1852, in Bohemia; came to America and settled in Iowa City, the spring of 1854. He was married September 16, 1873, to Miss Elizabeth Elick, of Linn county, Iowa. He is a blacksmith by trade, but met with an accident, a horse falling on him while he was shoeing the animal; having received such injuries as disabled him from working at his trade, he began butchering and opened a shop in Solon in 1874. He is a democrat in politics and voted against the prohibitory amendment. MICHAEL EIUIG, a resident of Iowa City, doing business and liv- ing on Iowa Avenue; was born December 25, 1836, in Prussia; came to America in 1854, landed in Quebec and settled in Iowa City, October 31, 1854. He was married April 24, 1864, to Miss Mary Pohler, of New- port township. They have four children : George, Thomas, Theresa and Jennevie. The family are members of the St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church of Iowa City. He is a democrat in politics. His son Thomas is a child of remarkable size for his age, was born November 23, 1874, in Iowa City, weighs 120 pounds, 4 feet and 3| inches high. He cannot speak, but is rather intelligent, and able to make alljhis wants known by certam signs and sounds. 816 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. WILLIAM EMONDS, the present Catholic Priest of St. Mary's Church of Iowa City. Was born June 13, 1830, in Bielefield, Prussia; is of French ancestry. He graduated a minister in 1849, and immigrated to America the same year and settled in Dubuque. In 1852 he was ordained a Catholic priest, and was the pastor for three years of the German congregation of Dubuque. Under the direction of the bishop he traveled in Iowa from 1855 until the fall of 1856, searching for Catholics and in the work of establishing new missions. Near the close of 1856 he took charge of St. Peter's Church in Keokuk. In 1857 he traveled extensively in Europe, and after he regained his health, he returned to America and settled in Iowa City, and took charge of the St. Mary's congregation. Under the head of churches, in this history, will be found a complete sketch of his life and service in connection with a church where vast accumulation of church property is the result of commendable zeal and sacrifice on the part of a faithful and devoted people. LOUIS ENGLERT, a farmer and brewer, residing in East Lucas township, north of Iowa City about two miles, post-office, Iowa City; was born December 28, 1 810, in Bavaria, on the Rhine; came to America in 1840; landed in New Orleans, and then went to Cincinnati, Ohio; lived there two years, and settled in Iowa City in May, 1842. He was married October, 1843, to Miss Clara Kempfar, of Iowa City; they have seven liv- ing children: Henry J., John J., Mary, wife of Frank Rittenmyer, Francis, George, Louis, and Frank. The family are members of the St. Mary's Roman CathoHc Church of Iowa City. Mr. Englert is a democrat in politics. He was a soldier in the Union army, a private in Company D, 37th Regiment Iowa Infantry from Johnson county. He built the first brewery in Iowa City, now owned and occupied by his son John and son-in-law, Frank Rittenmyer, the size of the first building, of stone, was 20x36 feet, the old frame building was 30x40, a cellar under the entire stone building. He used a brass kettle and made from six to ten barrels per day, and ran this brewery until 1877, when he sold to his son and son- in-law for half price, $6,000, it was then worth $1'J,000. He gave $75 for the lot in 1842 and put up a building worth about $250. GEORGE ENGLERT, a resident of Iowa City, son of Louis Englert; was born November 17, 1861, in Iowa City, in the room in the Englert & Rittenmyer brewery where the beer is "jei"ked" for the thirsty traveler, and George takes pleasure in "jerking it," and often sa3'S, "the bed 1 was born on stood right in this place where I am now drawmg beer." lie was accidentally shot April 13, 1879, while in a boat hunting ducks on the Iowa river above the Terrill dam. He was shot in the right hand and in the arm above the elbow. He is not a cripple in any way, but a bad scar is visible in the front of his arm above the elbow. He is a democrat in politics. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 817 HENRY J. ENGLERT, a resident of Iowa City, doinor business and livincj on Iowa Avenue, No. 113 and 115; was born April 8, 1840, in Iowa City. He was married February 7, 1872, to Miss Mary A. Riley. This union was blessed with two children: Joseph P. and Clara. His wife died March 23, 1882, and September 19, 1882, he was married to Lena Rink, of Coralville, Iowa. The family are members of the St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church of Iowa City. A democrat in politics; he has been a member of the fire department for many years, serving as assistant chief and other offices of company No. 1. JOHN J. ENGLERT, a resident of Iowa City, and senior member of the firm of Englert & Rittenmyer, proprietors of the city brewery, on Market street; was born October 25, 1849, in Iowa City. He was married October 4, 1875, to Miss Mary Larsheck, of Iowa City. They have three children: Willie, Frank and Mary; his wife died in June, 1879. He is a member of the St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church of Iowa City. He is a democrat in politics. He is one of the young enter- prising business men of Iowa City. The " city brewery " is well known for the excellence of its products, and the integrity and enterprise of its proprietors. Mr. Englert comes from an industrious and prosperous family, and is thoroughly posted in his business, and John and Frank are both affable and generally popular with their costumers; they have an excellent brewery and enjoy an extensive trade that is constantly increas- ing. JACOB H. ERB, deceased; was born in Lancaster county, Pennsyl- vania, October 24, 1824, where he spent his early life and learned the miller's trade. In 1850 he moved to Virginia, where he lived until 1855, when he emigrated to Iowa and lived in Linn county one year, then moved to North Bend, Johnson county, where he lived until 1860, when he moved to Fremont township, section 3, where he followed farming, owning 338 acres of fine improved land and good buildings at the time ot his death, May 26, 1881. He was a speaker in the Dunkard Church for fifteen years. He was an upright, honest man in all his dealings and well beloved by all his neighbors. Mr. Erb was married, October ^8, 1849, to Susannah Zug, a native of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania; she is now living on the farm with her five children: Charles H., Mary A., John I., Joseph W. and Elizabeth E. The boys carry on the farm work under the charge of Charles, the oldest; they also pay considerable atten- tion to stock-raising. C. T. ESTABROOK, express and telegraph agent, Oxford; was born in Wayne county, Pennsylvania, May 31, 1849, where he lived until his sixteenth year; he then went to Delaware, where he followed railroading and telegraphing, and in December, 1869, he came to Oxford and took charge of the railroad office, a position he has smce held, and has the con- 818 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. fidence of his employers and their many patrons. He was married, Sep- tember 21, 1875, to Miss Annie M. Watson, of this place, but a native of New York. The}' have three children: Virginia, Lillie C. and William T. Mr. and Mrs. Estabrook are members of the Presbyterian Church, and Mr. E. is a member of Canopy Lodge, No. 290, A. F. and A. M., and of Iowa City Chapter, No. 2, and of Palestine Commandery, No. 2; also of the A. O. U. W. and U. O. IL, of Oxford. W. B. FACKLER, farmer, post-office, Ely, Linn county; was born in Pennsylvania, November 23, 1830. When three years of age his parents, Samuel and Eliza, moved to Richland county, Ohio, where they lived seven years, then moved to Wisconsin, where the subject of this sketch resided until 1863, when he came to Johnson county, and now owns 84 acres of land in Big Grove township. He was married, July 10, 1855, to Elizabeth TurnbuU, a native of New York State. They have five sons: William H., Charles F., James T., Jerome U. and Elmer C. William H. was born June 12, 1856, and married December 25, 1877, to Florence S. Hahn, a native of Linn county. They have one son, Edgar C. He is the owner of 78 acres of land. HON. SAMUEL H. FAIRaLL, lawyer and politician, Iowa City; was born June 21, 1835, at Little Meadows, Alleghany county, Maryland. He graduated at Washington College, Pennsylvania, June 20, 1855, and October 1, of the same year, came to Iowa City and began the study of law, and was admitted to the bar July 22, 1856. He was married, in 1857, to Miss Ellen J. Workman. In 1861 he was elected to the house of representatives; in 1863 he was elected to the board of supervisors and served two vears; was city and county attorney during this time; in 1867 he was elected to the State senate over E. Clark; in 1871 he was re-elected to the State senate over S. J. Kirkwood. He is a democrat in poHtics. In 1868 he was a delegate to the democratic national convention. He is the present county attorney, and one of Johnson county's pioneers, and takes an active part in public aflairs. ISAAC FAIRCHILD, farmer, post-office Shoo Fly; was born in Grant county, Dominion of Canada, July 24, 1833, where he spent his early life and attended the academy at Mt. Pleasant. At the age of nine- teen he came to the United States, and to Johnson county in 1854, and has since made this his home. He now owns 160 acres of land, and has a pleasant home. He was married Sept. 30, 1862, to Martha A. Baker, a native of Virginia. They have four children: Clement W., Charles A., Lewella E. and Bertie H. HON. HENRY FELKNER, a farmer, residing in Muscatine county, Iowa, post-office Downey; was born April 18, 1810, in Fairfield county, Ohio. He settled in Indiana in 1835, and in the spring of 1837, moved to and settled in Johnson county, Iowa, where he took up a claim of 960 acres HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 819 of land and built two saw mills, and was a member of '34 and '35 legisla- tures from Johnson county. He has held man}^ offices of honor, profit and trust in Johnson county, and he says he still feels a deep interest in the history and welfare oi the county. He was married Dec. 31, 1842, to Miss Elizabeth Lewis, of Muscatine county. Her parents settled in that county, near West Liberty, in 1841. They had thirteen children; five sons and five daughters survive the mother. Mr. F. is a democrat in politics. He has retired from an active life, and in his old days is greatly afflicted. THOMAS FERN, a contractor in Iowa City; was born April 4, 1844, in Kings county, N. Y. Settled in Iowa City in September, 1859. He was mar- ried January 21, 1865, to Miss Julia Sanders, of Iowa City. They have three children: Cay, May and John. They are members of the St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church of Iowa City. Mr. F. is independent in politics. CHARLES FERNSTROM, farmer and stock raiser, post-ofl^ce Lone Tree; was born in Sweden, City of Skara, August 22, 1833, where he spent his early life and attended the university of his native city; also engaged in clerking in a book store for some time. He came to America alone in 1850, and lived in Minnesota three years; then went to California, where he followed mining and farming eleven year^. He then returned to Johnson county, Iowa, and bought the farm he now lives on in 1865. He owns 310 acres of well improved land, and has a fine residence, good barn, etc., and pays special attention to raising stock. He was married January 4, 1870, to Miss Mabel Evans, a native of Madiscn county. New York, coming to this county in 1866. They have four children: Alice R., Charles J., Helen M. and George A. He is a member of the Masonic lodge at Oxford, also of M. E. Church. JOSEPH FI ALA, grain buyer, post-office Solon ; was born in Bohemia, January 19, 1833, and spent his early life in his native sountry until 1852, when he came to America with his father, and lived in Cleveland, Ohio, two years, then came to Solon and bought government land. He has since lived here, and in 1876, he commenced buying grain at the station and also buys some stock. He owns 160 acres of land in Cedar town- ship, which is well improved. He was married in November, 1856, to Catherine Kolda, also a native of Bohemia. They have six children: Joseph, Annie, John, Josephine, Wesley and Stephen. He is a member of the Catholic Church, and one of the original members of the church three miles northeast of town. SILAS M. FINCH, attorney at law, Iowa City; was born August 22, 1840, in McHenr}^ county, Illinois. He was married June 17, 1868, to Miss Maria W. Stark, of Woodstock, Illinois; she died of consumption in December, 10 1881. Mr. F. was a faithful soldier during the late war; 820 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. enlisted in the Eitjhth Illinois Cavalry in 1861. He served under McClel- lan, Burnsides, Meade and Hooker, in all the important battles fought by them; was with Butler up the James river in 1864, and was discharged as a lieutenant in Texas, in 1866. He settled in Iowa City in 1869, and was admitted to the bar in Iowa City in 1870, and has practiced here ever since; is a republican in politics, and has always taken quite an active part in the actions of his party. W. R.FISHER, telegraph operator, ticket, freight and express agent at Morse, for the B., C.R. & N. R. R.; was born in Vermont, in 1856; came to Iowa in 1861, and was married to Miss Artie Williams, of Indepen- dence, Iowa; came to Morse in June, 1877, and has been there since. He is a member of the Masonic lodge, chapter and commandery. JOHN FISHER, harness maker, post-office, Oxford; wasborn'in Bohe- mia, January 1, 1848, and at the age of fourteen came to America alone, and settled in Iowa City, where he learned his trade with Frank Quber, working three years; then he worked for different parties, and went to St. Joseph and Kansas City, Missouri, and worked in both places; then returned and worked in Iowa City several years, and in June, 1879, came to Oxford and started a shop, and now has the (mly shop in the town. He was married October 16, 1872, to Lizzie Chap, also a native of Bohemia. They have three children: John, Mary, and Charlie. JACOB H, FISHER, merchant, post-office, Solon; was born in Rock Island county, Illinois, March 13, 1853. In 1856 his parents, James and Soloma Fisher, moved to Solon, where Mr. F. engaged in the dry goods trade, and afterwards in the drug business, and died November 31, 1871, leaving ten children: five boys and five girls. During early life the subject of this sketch was engaged as clerk in his father's store, and in 1878 he formed a partnership with C. H. Shirclift, who are still engaged in the dry goods and grocery business. In October, 1880, he formed a partnership with Jacob G. Beck and built a creamery, and are actively engaged in butter making, and doing a flourishing business. He was married December 24, 1878, to Miss Helena Beck, a native of Philadel- phia, Pennsylvania. This union has been blessed with one son, James Mott. MORRIS FITZGERALD, farmer and stock raiser, residing on sec- tion five, Graham township, post-office, Morse; was born 1809, at county Kerry, Ireland. Came to Quebec, Canada, in 1835 — May 4th — and lived in various places in Canada and the United States, traveled considerable in the Western States, and finally settled in Graham township, Johnson county, in the fall 1855, and there he has made his home since. He was married in 1854 to Miss Mary Martin, of Illinois. This union is blessed with five children: three boys and two girls. The family are members of the Roman Catholic Church. A democrat in politics. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 821 MICHAEL FITZSIMMONS, a resident of Iowa City, doing business on Gilbert street, near the city mills, where he has recently erected a new cooper shop; was born in September, 1826, in Cavan county, Ireland. Came to America in 1848 and settled in Iowa City, in 1856; he is a cooper by trade, and has worked at that business since his residence in Iowa City. He was married in April, 1851, to Miss Catharine Morecroft, of Iowa City. This union is blessed with four children : Francis, wife of Martin Free- man, of Morse station; Henry A., Frederick and Charles. The family are member of the St. Patrick Roman Catholic Church. He is a demo- crat in politics. OILMAN F. FLETCHER, the present efficient deputy sheriff of Johnson county; was born May 6, 1848, in Dorchester, New Hampshire. Came to Johnson county, Iowa, in April, 1857. He was married March 29, 1868, to Miss Martha S. Robinson, daughter of James T. Robinson, the present deputy auditor. They have four children: Edna G., Mary A., Paul and Susan. He ^is a democrat in politics, a member of the Legion of Honor, and of the V. A. S. societies of Iowa Cit}-. He has been deputy sheriff under John Coldren for five years, began January, 1878. And is a prominent candidate for sheriff in 1883. His large experience qualifies him for the duties of the office. JACOB FLOERCHINGER, retired farmer, post-oflice, Oxford; was born in Bavaria, German}^, April 10, 1817, and spent his early life in his native country. He came to America in November, 1839, and went to Pennsylvania and worked on railroads, canals, and coal mines until the spring of 1842, when he returned to Germany and was put in the army and served two years and a half, when he bought a substitute, costing him 330 goulding. He came back to America in 1845, and lived in Wilkesbarre, Pa., and worked at the coal mines until September, 1855, he started west and landed in Iowa City, Oct. 4. He bought 160 acres of land in Oxford township, of John Cook, and has since been engaged in farming, and has by industry and economy added to his estate and now owns 360 acres of fine land, besides town property. He was married Feb. 12, 1846, in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, to Miss Margaret Scherrer, a native of Hamburg. They have four children: Frank J., John, Helena Agnes and Ann Elizabeth, and one, Mary Ann, deceased. All except Mrs. Floerchinger are Catholic in faith, she being a Presbyterian GEORGE FLOERCHINGER, proprietor Oxford House. Was born in Germany, December, 1834, and came to America, January, 1869, to Johnson county, and followed farming until the fall of 1881, when he bought the Oxford House, the first building erected in the town, having been built by his brother F. A., in 1869. He also owns a farm of eighty acres. He was married January 4th, 1860, to Jennie Worf; she died in August, 1868. He was again married, December 13th, 1868, to Katie 51 822 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Worf, There are four children by the first marriage, and five by the second. In 1879, he went back to Germany, but only remained about three months, not liking that country as well as this. HON. OILMAN FOLSOM. The subject of this sketch, departed this life, and his noble soul winged its everlasting flight to the God who gave it at three o'clock, July 15th, 1872, at his residence near Iowa City. He was born at Dorchester, New Hampshire, April 7th, 1818. He read law in the office of the Hon. Josiah Quincy, a noted jurist of New Hampshire, and was admitted to practice law at Haverhill, IS-ll, at the early age of twenty-three years. He settled in the practice of law in Iowa City in 1841, and was recognized as a young man of great promise. He was married in 1843 to Miss Arthur. His widow and three children, Mary A., Arthur and George J., survived him and are still living at the family residence, a fine brick mansion on the Iowa river, situated on a bluft'at the narrowest place on the river, commanding a beautiful view of Iowa City that lies on the opposite side of the river. Mr. Folsom was for two •successive terms a member of the House of Representatives of Iowa. On the election of Frank Pierce to the Presidency in 1852, Mr. Folsom was appointed receiver of the land office in Iowa City; this service termin- ated his public career, and thenceforth he devoted himself to looking after and caring for his large estate. As a legislator he rose to the full height of statesmanship. MICHAEL FORD, a farmer residing in Hardin township, post-office Windham. Was born in Connaught, Ireland, in 1844; came to America and landed at New York, April 18th, 1873, and settled in Iowa City the same spring. He was married in 1872 to Miss Mary Drunomy, of county SHge. This union was blessed with five children: Bridget, John, Ann, Katie and Michael. THORNTON FORD, farmer, post-ofiice, Oxford; was born in Taylor county, Virginia, October 22, 1830, where he spent his early life, and got a common school education. In the fall of 1849 became to John- son county, and settled in Big Grove township with his parents, Elisha and Nancy Ford. Here he followed farming, and August 26, 1860, was married to Miss Jena O'Brien, a native of Monroe county, Indiana, who came to this county in 1851. For several years Mr. Ford lived near Iowa City, in Newport township. He came to Oxford in 18Y4, and now has a nice house and owns CA) acres of land and keeps a dairy. They have three children: Alta M., now the wife of I. N. Devault, of Big Grove tow^nship; Zelena N., now teaching school, and Thornton P., and one deceased, Susan. Mr. Ford is a member of the A. O. U. W., and all the family are members of the Methodist Church. W.E. C. FOSTER, was born May 15, 1851, in Iowa City; he is the senior member of the firm of Foster & Hess, liverv, feed and sale stable. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 823 on Washington street. He was married September 12, 1ST7, to Miss Libbie Miller, of Iowa City; they have two children: Mabel M., and Charles C. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., No. 6, of Iowa City; is a republican in politics. The firm of Foster & Hess is recognized as the headquarters of the driving, feed and sale business of Iowa City. They have fine stock, good vehicles; their stalls are filled with the very best of driving and saddle horses. They do business in a two story frame building 40x150 feet. They have good, trusty "goers;" they own a fine bred stock horse, a noble animal, bearing marks of his Scotch ancestry, and they call him "Young Clyde," and he is neat and clean and appears and acts like a thoroughbred, and weighs 1500 pounds, the finest large horse in the count}^ WILLIAM L. FOUNTAIN, farmer, post-oflice. Lone Tree; was born in Guilford county, North Carolina, and came to Johnson county in 181:7, and settled in Pleasant Valley township, and has followed farming all his life. He now owns 96 acres of land. He was married in 1855 to Sarah Fountain, also of North Carolina. They have seven children: Alda, Luther, Emma, Hannah E., Henry, Samuel, acd Khoda. JOHN FOUNTAIN, farmer, post-office, River Junction; was born in North Carolina, June 13, 1841. At the age of six years he came to Iowa with his parents, John and Hannah, and settled in Pleasant Valley town- ship, where the subject of this sketch has spent his life and followed the occupation of a farmer. He now owns 152 acres of land. He was married September 21, 1868, to Miss Addie J. Douley. They have six children; Marvin J. Walter, Minnie Nellie May, Bertha Elnora, Manley Raymond and Abbie. ELI FOUNTAIN, grocer and justice of the peace, post-office. River Junction; was born in North Carolina, August 17, 1842, and came to Johnson county, Iowa, in 1854, and remained three years. He then returned to North Carolina, and in May, 1862, he enlisted in company K, 45th North Carolina Infantry, C. S. A. Was wounded three times; first at Gettysburg, and twice at Spottsylvania, quite severely, being shot in the shoulder. He served until July, '64. He then came back to this county, where he has since resided and followed farming most of the time. In October, 1881, he started in the grocery business at River Junc- tion, and is now serving as justice of the peace. He was married, in 1872, to Miss Elizabeth Trout, a native of this county. They have four child- ren: Harry L., Lawrence, Mary and an infant. EDWARD G. FRACKER, secretary and manager of the New Method Heater Company of Iowa City; was born May 5, 1838, in Zanesville, Ohio. He was married, September 4, 1866, to Miss Mollie Cutler, of Iowa City; she died in April, 1871. Of this marriage there is one child living, George A. He married again, August 19, 1874, Miss Cora 824 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. V. Robbins, of Iowa City. They have one child, Howard R. He was a faithful soldier in the late civil war; he enlisted July 18, 1861, as musi- cian; promoted to first sergeant July 18, 1862, and promoted to second lieutenant September -1, 1862, and was adjutant of the regiment. He resigned in 186-1, on account of disability. He is a republican in politics; was a member of the city council in 1880, and city assessor in 1882. He is a member of the A. O. U. W., L. of H. and V. A. S. societies of Iowa City. GEORGE FRACKER, was born in 1795, in Boston, Massachusetts, died in Iowa City, October 12, 1880. He was reared in the atmosphere of industry, frugality, and intelligence that characterized so man}'- of the New England homes of nearly a hundred years ago. His father was a boat builder living at the "North End." The father's occupation brought the sons in contact with a sea-faring life, and George naturally determined to try the sea, at least long enough to enable him to see something of the world. When about twenty-one years old he sailed on board a vessel bound for a South American port. At Buenos Ayres, the vessel having changed her destination, he obtained his release, and shipped as second officer on the English ship Jane, bound for the Brazils. This vessel was wrecked a few weeks later at the mouth of the Rio de la Plata, and all on board except Mr. Fracker perished. He, with a broken leg and many severe bruises and cuts, escaped to a desert shore to suffer for several days pains worse than death. His published account of his experiences and sufferings is one of absorbing interest. He recieved the kindest treatment from a Creole family, who discovered him wounded, naked, and helpless amid the debris of the wreck, ministered to him, protected him from the savages, and enabled him to communicate with Monteveido, whence assistance was sent. The very night after he left the ranche of his faith- ful friends, the Guachos, who are merciless savages of that section, attacked it, robbed him of everything, and killed the son who had first found him in his distress. After reaching Monteveido he was most kindly cared for by humane people of all nationalities. He reached Bos- ton again in 1818, where he was soon offered a position as teacher in the public schools, which he accepted and held for eleven years. Soon after beginning teaching he was married, but his wife lived but a few years. By this marriage three children were born, one of them dying in infancy, and one of them in New Orleans at the age of twenty-two; another, Dud- ley S. Fracker, died in Ohio nine years ago. In 1828 he w^as married at Roxbury, Massachusetts, to Fanny L. Richardson, whom for years all our citizens have known. By this marriage there were eleven children, nine of whom still live. Mr. Fracker removed from Boston to Zanesville, Ohio, where he continued for a time to teach, and afterwards engaged in banking. He lived in Zanesville for nineteen years, and then removed to Washington in the same State, where he continued in a bank. In 1856 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 825 he moved to Iowa City, where, in active life or in the decrepitude of advancing age, he continued to live until his death. JOSEPH FRAZEE, minister of the Gospel; was born in Herkimer county, New York, Jan. 10, 1816; is the son of William and Hannah Frazee. Was raised on a farm and educated in the common schools. In 1836 he was married to Miss Catharine Coleman of Chenango county. New York. To this union were born eight children, five living: Susan v., Joseph M., Louisa, Almond and Clarissa; this wife died in 1849, and he was again married in 1853, to Rosanna Campbell of this county. To this union was born five children, four living: Elroy, Frank, Bertha and Ward. His second wife died in May, 1862, and he was again married to Mrs. Sarah J. Largent on the 20th day of October, 1863. She was formerly from Ohio. In 1845, Mr. Frazee came to Iowa, and has lived in this county every since. Has followed farming and preaching, he being a local preacher of the U. B. Church for a number of years. Has also been engaged in the manufacture and sale of what is well and favorably known as the Frazee medicine. His health having failed, he is now unable to do any work, and lives in Shueyville. REV. GEORGE R FULSOM, the resident minister of the Presby- terian Church of Iowa City; was born Dec. 16, 1826, in BuiTalo, New York. He graduated from Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1847, and received the degree of D. D. from the college in 3880. He graduated from the Theological Seminary at Auburn, New York, in 1852. His first charge was Attica, New York. He was married October 28, 1852, to Miss Lillie G. Eraser. By this union there is one son, a physician practicing medicine at Minneapolis, Minnesota. He took charge of the church in Iowa City in 1880. His church membership is 263; Sabbath school attendance, 200. The officers of his church are : Elders, D. F. Stone, S. Sharpless, Prof. T. PI. McBride, Prof. N. R. Leonard, J. M. Smith, Virgil Hartsock, J. W. Lee and A. O. Price. Trustees are: L. H.Jack- son, N. R. Leonard, S. I. Sanders, E. Shapard, W. H. Shipman. The services of this church are; preaching, 10:30 a. m. and 7:00 p. m. J. W. Lee, Sundayschool superintendent. The Rev. F. enjoys the confidence of his congregation. T. M. GARVIN, a farmer, residing in section 36, Graham township, post-office. Oasis; was born in 1809, in Virginia, came to Johnson county, Iowa, in the spring of 1857. He lived in Ohio from 1831 to 1857. He was married in 1834 to Miss Elizabeth McCutchen, in Ohio. She died in 1878. They have four children living; his daughter Sarah graduated at the Iowa City Commercial College. He was elected justice of the peace in 1860, and served in that capacity for twenty years, WILLIAM GAUNT, was born June 4, 1823, in Yorkshire, England, came to America in 1848, and settled finally in Iowa City in 1854, where 826 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. he lived twelve years, and then moved on a farm in Pleasant Valley- township, where he has resided ever since. He was married in 1849, to Miss Anna Keckner, of Center county, Pennsylvania. They have three children: Samuel, Mary and Clara. A republican in politics, but growing more independent in his political views, and favors voting for the best men and measures. He was a freighter on the plains four years, from Ft. Dodge to Council Bluffs. Mr. Gaunt has a fine farm of 120 acres and one of 180 in sections 26 and 80, in Pleasant Valley township, under good cultivation, plenty of fruit of all kinds. He was unfortunate in 1867, he lost his right eye by an accident occassioned by cutting a limb from an apple tree in his orchard, the limb striking him in the right eye, from the effects of which he lost the sight of that eye. He was a faithful soldier, serving in Company I, 22d Regiment Iowa Vol. Infantry, until he was discharged for disability, JAMES GEARY, farmer, Newport township, post-office, Iowa City; was born October 16, 1831, in Dearborn county, Indiana. Came to Iowa and settled in Johnson county in 1851. He was married, October 2, 1849, to Miss Nancy J. Chessman, of Dearborn county, Indiana. They have ten children, all living: Laura B., wife of James T. Woodling, Mary E., wife of George W. Hughes, Sarah T., Emma J., Elma Iowa, William R., Larkin H., Mattie T., Evaline, and Joseph H. They are members of the Christian Church. He is a democrat in politics; has filled several town- ship offices. He is one of the successful farmers of Newport township, and makes a specialty of raising fine horses. R. J. GEDDES, a resident of Penn township, post-office, North Liberty. Was born December 18, 1853, in Ashland county, Ohio, and came to Johnson county in the fall of 1855; went back in 1857, and finally settled in Penn township in 1868. He acquired his education in Iowa City, having completed a full course at the Iowa City Commercial College. Mr. Geddes is a republican in poHtics, and is the clerk of Penn township. He has been engaged in teaching shook He is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Penn township. JACOB A. GEORGE, farmer and surveyor, post-office, North Lib - erty; was born Oct. 2, 1848, in Johnson county. Was raised on a farm and educated in the common schools. His father, Martin George, died June 17, 1872. After which Jacob rented the farm for a number of years when he purchased it, and where he how resides. Dec. 25, 1877, he was married to Miss Martha Zeller, daughter of N. Zeller, Sen. To them have been born two children: Cadence O. and Martha E. Mr. George and J. F. Price bought the steam saw mill of L. E. Chamberlin, (now known as the George & Andrle mill), moved it to North Liberty, where they run with the engine a saw mill, a cane mill and feed grinder. Mr. George owns 194 acres of well improved land, part of which he rents, the HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 827 remainder he farms himself; he is a democrat in politics, is not a member of any church, though his wife is a member of the Church of God. MARTIN GEORGE, deceased; was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, on the 1st day of January, 1811, and was raised and edu- cated, and married there to Miss Nancy V. Bowman. They had eight children, four of them now dead, and four living: Jacob A., Nancy V., Martha E., and Emma M. In 1846 he came to Iowa, and first settled in Iowa City; afterwards purchased land in Penn township, section twenty. Went back, to his native State, after six months he returned to Iowa, sold his land in section twenty to Samuel Miller, and purchased land in East Lucas, also the stone mill in Iowa City, which he operated for a time. He then sold out there, and purchased property in North Liberty, where he kept store. He then sold out there and purchased a farm in section seven, where he resided and followed farming to within a short time of his death which occurred June 17, 1872. Mr. George learned the trade of blacksmithing when a young man. His wife survived him until March 26, 1882, when she was laid by his side to wait the resurrection of the Just. The}^ were both consistent members of the Lutheran church. B. GETSBERG, a resident of Iowa City, one of the firm of Sheets, Getsberg & Co!, contractors; was born July 27, 1827, in Germany. Came to Johnson county in the fall of 185-1:. He was married in 1853, to Miss Henrietta Bloom. They have six children: Annie, Mary, John B., Emma E., Lucy C, and Hattie. The family are members of the German Methodist Church of Iowa City. He is a republican in politics. OMER T. GILLETTE, assistant to the chair of surgery and secre- tary of the medical faculty, a resident of Iowa City ; was born June 28, 1 845, at Terre Haute, Indiana. He was a soldier in the late civil war, serving in company D, 132d Regiment Indiana Volunter Infantry. He graduated from the State Universit}- of Indiana, in 1866; he received the honor of his class; he attended lectures at the Medical College at Ann Arbor, Michigan, in the winter of 1867 and ^6S, and graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons ot New York city, March 1, 1869; he practiced his profession three years in Chicago, six years in La Salle, IlHnois, and then settled in Iowa City in 1878, and was elected to his present position in the State Uni- versity, in 1879, as secretary of the medical faculty. He was married September 26, 1871, to Miss Mary A. Brokenshire, of Boston, Massachu- sett. A republican in politics. He is a members of the M. E. Church, Beta Theta Pi, A. O. U. W. of Iowa City, and L. of H. JULES E. GUILLETON, a resident of Iowa City, and the owner and proprietor of the barber shop and bath rooms, under the Iowa Citv National Bank in the Opera House; was born December 24, 1852, in Marseilles, France; came to America in 1874, landed in New York. He was married January 21, 1880, to Miss Jennie E. Smith, of Warren, Lee county, Iowa. 828 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. He came to Iowa City, November 2, 1880, and his shop is the only one keeping hot and cold water baths in Iowa City. A republican in politics. T. G. GLOVER, a resident of Iowa City, and superintendent of the pork packing house; was born March 10, 1842, in Providence, Rhode Island. He came to Johnson county, Iowa, in 1881, and engaged in the pork pack business, and has been engaged in that business since he was thirteen years of age. He was four years in the Union army, three mondis in the Sprague battery, and he was three years in company C, Second Rhode Island cavalry, and then transferred to the Third Rhode Island cavalry; he was first lieutenant and was officer of the day about the closing of the war, and had a few men with him, and met some rebel cavalry and had a fight, and was thrown from his horse and had two ribs broken. He was married August 5, 1862, to Miss Emma A. Livingston, of the old Livingston family in New York State. They have one child: John S. Mr. G. is a republican in politics. WENDEL GOETZ, farmer, post-office, Ely, Linn county; was born on the river Rhine, Germany, December 16, 1820; when about eighteen years of age, emigrated to America and landed in New Orleans; then went to Florida where he lived three years. He then came to Illinois, after remaining there six months, came to Iowa and settled in Johnson county in 1839, and took up 300 acres of land, and now owns 300 acres of well improved land and fine brick residence. He was married September 27, 181:2, to Catharine Enzinzer, also a native of Germany; she dying Febru- ar}^ 27, 1864, leaving seven children, viz. : Mary, Joseph, Daniel, Emma, Matilda, Wendel and John, and eight deceased. He was again married June 12, 1868, to Mary Donahue, who is still living. MAJOR WILLIAM H. GOODRELL, the present assistant post- master of Iowa City; was born July 19, 1841, in Guernsey county, Ohio. He came to Iowa City, November 1, 1856. He enHsted as private in com- pany B, 15th Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry, January 31,fl862; he was promoted to lieutenant and served on the staft^ of Major-General W. W. Belknap, with the rank of major; he bears the honor of having taken the first rebel flag of South Carolina that ever floated as such in that State. February 17, 1865, Major G. with Lieutenat McArthur of the 15th Iowa infantry, both serving on General Belknap's staft, with a detachment of the 13th Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry, 4th division, 17th army corps, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Kennedy, crossed the river and entered Columbia, South Carolina, while a portion of the enemy were in the city marching through, and planted in advance of all others the regimental colors of the 13th Iowa, on both the old and new capitol build- ings, and at the same time and from the old capitol building Major Good- rell captured the flag mentioned, and the same was sent to the State His- torical Society of Iowa, and now on exhibition in the State Historical HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 829 rooms on Washington streets, Iowa City, with a certificate that it is the first secession flag of South CaroHna that floated over Fort Sumter. He was wounded at the battle of Wilson Creek, August 10, 1861. Major G. is a republican in politics, and was chairman of the Johnson County Republican Central Committee in 1862. He was married July 5, 1865, to Miss Addie S. Way, ol Iowa City. They have six children : Harry B ., Lou., Clara W., Mary, George B., Adelaide. He was postal clerk on the C, R. I. & P. R. R. for five years, and member of the capitol police force for two years, 1878 to '80. HUGH McGOVERN, the present efficient county treasurer; was born in Ireland, May 8, 1824. He came to America in 1819, and settled in Iowa City in 1856. He was married in August, 1855, to Miss Julia Deheney. They have four children: James, Hugh, Mary, and Margaret. He is a member of the St. Patrick Catholic Church of Iowa City. He is a demo- crat in politics, and was elected treasurer of Johnson county in 1881. JAMES H. GOWER, was born October 22, 1806, in Abbott, Maine, died November 12, 1879, He came to Iowa and settled at Gower's Ferry on the Cedar river, November 5, 1840, and came to Iowa City in 1845. He was married in 1831 to Miss Borredell Greenwood, of Hebron, Maine. He represented Cedar county in the first constitutional conven- tion of Iowa. He was a successful business man. JACOB GRABER, a broom maker of Iowa City, a native of Germany. Was born January 8, 1811; came to America in 1844 and settled in Iowa Cit}?- in 1845. First five years he farmed, and then sold his claim to Jacob Rizer for $30.00 and moved to the city, and began gardening and basket making; and by patient toil, economy and industry, he has amassed a neat little fortune. He was married in Germany in 1837, to Miss Katie Dozer; she died in Februar}^ 1864. By this marriage they had nine children: Lizzie, Nicholas,',Katie, George, Andrew, John, Mary, Rosa and Peter. His second marriage was August 4, 1871, to Miss Barbara Emamon. He is a democrat in politics, and voted against the prohibitory constitutional amendment. He is a member of the St. Marys Roman Catholic Church. COL. HARVEY GRAHAM, a resident of Iowa City; was born February 18, 1828, in Elizabethtown, Alleghany county, Pennsylvania; came to Iowa City in 1856. He was married January 31, 1850, to Miss Caroline Funkhouser; they have eight children: Clara, wife of William F. Freeman, Henry P.,'Louis, Mollie E., Eva M., Harvey, Alfred L., and Katie. He is a member of the Masonic bodies of Iowa City. A republi- can in politics; he was U. S. storekeeper at the Iowa City alcohol works three years. He was a faithful soldier m the late civil war; was taken prisoner at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863, and was paroled and had command of the paroled prisoners at Young's Point, from May 25, 1863, 830 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. to November, 1863. He entered the service early in the war, was first lieutenant company B, first regiment Iowa volunteer infantry; was wounded at the battle of Wilson Creek, August 10, 1861, in the left arm near the elbow. He was commissioned major of the Twenty-second regi- ment Iowa volunteer infantry, August 2, 1862, and promoted to lieutenent colonel, September 17, 1862, and to colonel, upon the resignation of Colonel Stone, May 6, 1864, and July 15, 1865, he was made brevet brig- adier general by act of congress. J. K. GRAHAM, a farmer, residing in Scott township, post-office Iowa City. Was born in Johnson county, March 16, 1859. He was married December 22, 1874, to Miss Hattie Wescott, daughter of Moses A. Wescott. This union was blessed with three children, Edith, Benja- min and Effie. He is a republican in politics. His father was one of the old settlers of Scott township; he died in 1882. ALEXANDER H. GRAHAM, larmer and stock raiser, Graham township, section 25, post-office Oasis. Born in Muskinghum county, Ohio, in 1384; came to Iowa with his father, Andrew Graham (now deceased), in 1850, and settled in Graham township. Purchased of the Government 900 acres of land for $1.25 per acre. Was the first to settle in the prairie, there being a few settlers at that time in the timber along the creeks. There was only two settlements in the township at that time. Mr. Gra- ham was married in 1854 to Miss Mary Dyarnett of Zanesville, Ohio, and has four children living: Hattie, who attended Mt. Vernon College for four years, was married soon after she finished her college course, and is now living with her husband, Mr. E. C. Shankland,in Lexington county, Missouri; oldest son, Andrew, who also attended Mt. Vernon College, now living at home with his parents; Miss Cora I., ^^oungest daughter, graduated at Iowa City Academy, June, 1881, now attending State University at Iowa City; Eddie, youngest son, living with his parents. Mr. Graham owns 400 acres of the original 900 acres; has it well improved, and has a fine lot of stock. CHRISTOPHER GREBIN, a farmer, residing in Madison township, post-office. Chase; was born May 15, 1833, in Hanover, German}-; came to America in October, 1857, landed in New York city and came direct to Iowa City and began farming. He has a fine farm of 155 acres and 45 acres of good timber. He was married in November, 1864, to Mrs. Susan Lemon, of Madison township. They have two little girls, Maude and Flora. His wife is a member of the United Brethren Church at the Cross Roads, in Madison township. He was a member of the Presby- terian Church in Hanover, Germrny, but has never united with a church since he came to America. He is a democrat in politics. He served in the German army in the fifth regiment, second company, in 1854; he was drafted when he was in his twenty-first year. He served two years in that regiment and hired a substitute. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 831 BENJAMIN GRAHAM, was born March 4, 1816, in County Tyrone, Ireland, and died April 18, 1882. He came to Johnson county in 18 — . He was married Nov. 14, 1844, to Miss Jane Love, of Coshocton county, Ohio. They had six children, two sons and four daughters: Robert B., Caroline S., wife of Abner Bradley; James K., Elizabeth, wife of Edward Long; Jennie, wife of Forman Hill; and Mollie, wife of Frank Long, of Iowa City. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and a republican in politics. THOMAS GRAHAM, a farmer, notary public and justice of the peace, resides in Jefierson township; was born Aug. 13, 1817, in Wash- ington county, Maryland. Came to Johnson county in October, 1855, and settled in Jefferson township. He was married Oct. 10, 1844, to Miss Mary Troup, of Washington county, Maryland. They have seven chil- dren: James W., Mary 1., wife of Chas. B. Kennedy of Cedar Rapids; Sarah E., wife of Thos. H. Smith of Albia, Iowa; Virginia, wife of Alvin W. Scott of Webster county, Iowa; EUzabeth F., wife of Martin Custer, of Republic county, Kansas; Charles C. and George. He was a member of the Board of Supervisors in 1861, resigned that office and went into the army as a private in company F, Fourteenth Iowa Infantry; was taken prisoner at Shiloh; was paroled, and was sent to Huntsville, Alabama, and from there to St. Louis ; was discharged for disability. Mr. G. is a republican in politics, was justice of the peace for fourteen years from 1864; secretary of the school board for fourteen years, which position he holds at present. He is the only notary public in Jefferson township. He has filled the office of township trustee several terms. J. WARD GRAHAM, a farmer, residing in Jefferson township, post- office ShueyviUe; was born October 3, 1845, in Washington county, Maryland. He came to Johnson county in October, 1855, with his fath- er's family. He was a soldier in the federal army, and served m the ninth cavalry, company B, in the seventh army corps, west of the Mississippi, and was in the battles of Clarinden and Arkansas Post. He was married March 2, 1871, to Miss Sarah E. Hall, of Jefferson township. They have five children: Laura R., Blanche V., Edith R., Jessie I., and Lillie G. He is a republican in politics, and is the present township clerk; has been trustee and assessor of Jefferson township. He was nominated in Octo- ber, 1882, for recorder on the repubhcan ticket. VINCENT GRESSEL, a farmer and hotel keeper, residing in Iowa City; was born November 11, 1830, in Austria; settled in Johnson county, September 10, 1860. He was married January 2, 1850, to Miss Annie Kacerovsky, of Austria. They have eight children: John, Rudolph, Charlie, Joseph, Annie, Mary, Vincent, and George. Mr. Gressel is inde- pendent in politics; voted against the prohibitory amendment. He lives in block 14, on Dodge street; he keeps the Farmers' Home, and has a farm in the country. 832 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. CONRAD GRAF, a resident of Iowa City, and proprietor of the Union brewery on the corner of Linn and Market streets. This brewery was built by his father-in-law, S. Hotz, in 1868; main building 160 feet long by 50 feet wide, and a three story brick building with a celler under the entire building, with a brewing capacity of 50 barrels a day; property worth $50,000. Building heated by steam. He employs on an average ten men. Mr. Graf was born Oct. 9, 1849, in Bavaria, came to America in 1S67, landed in New York City, came to Iowa City in 1874; being a brewer by trade began work at his trade. June 7, 1875, was married to Annie Hotz, a daughter of S. Hotz. They have three children: Simeon, Otto and Willie. The family are members of the St. Mary's Catholic Church of Iowa City. A democrat in politics. The brewer's business is in better shape since the amendment has been declared unconstitutional, and Mr. G. says his business is increasing. GEORGE W. GREEN, farmer and proprietor of the Washington House in Iowa City; was born in Jefferson county. New York, October 27, 1833; settled in Iowa City, June 3, 1852: in 1853 he entered 200 acres of land in Iowa county, and is still the owner of the same and enough more to make 3-10 acres. He was married in Iowa county January 24, 1855, to Miss Amanda V. Roup. They have five children: Ellen M., wife of Mr. McKay ; Emma V., now Mrs. Rhul ; James H., George F., and Esta M. Mr. Green was a soldier in the late war, in company K, Twenty- second Iowa infantry; enlisted August 14, 1862. HUMPHRY GRIFFITH, a farmer in Union township, post-office, Iowa City; was born April 31, 1815, in Wales. He was married in Wales, in 1843, to Miss Susan Jones. They have been blessed by the following children: Grace, born 1845, Joe H., born 1847, Willie, born 1849, Richard, born 1851; twins were born February, 1857, both girls, named Maggie and Annie; Jane, born 1861. They came to America in 1851, landed in New York and went from there to Vermont, lived there seven 3^ears, then to Wisconsin, lived there five years, then came to Iowa City and have lived in Johnson county ever since. ABRAHAM GOSS, deceased, was born in Clearfield county, Penn- sylvania, on the 13th day of January, 1824; was the son of G. W. Goss; was raised on a farm, and educated in the common schools. June 20, lb50> he was married to Miss Elizabeth Crowell, of the same county and state he was from, daughter of Daniel Crowell. They have had five children, four of whom are living: Moses, born September 14, 1854; Carrie, born July 12, 1856; Elizabeth, born February 8, 18.58; Aaron, born May 20, 1860. In 1857 he came with his family to Iowa, and first settled in section 16, where Mrs. Goss now resides with her two sons, Moses and Aaron, who are managing the farm. Mr. Goss was an industrious and prosperous man, dealt largely in cattle and hogs, and would feed from fifty to seventy- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 883 five cattle a year, and often two hundred hogs. He died November 3, 1880, and was buried in the Potter cemetery, west of Shueyville. He was a member of A. F. and A. M. Moses, the eldest of his sons, followed railroading for some time, but since his father's death has been farming. They now own 200 acres of splendid land, with improvements second to none. Moses holds the office of school director in district No. 2. ROBERT GRIMES, the subject of this sketch was born March 12, 1816, and his wife, Mary P. Butler, was born Aug. 31, 1817, in Knox county, Ohio. She was the daughter of Benjamin Butler, an early settler in Mt. Vernon, and a prominent citizen in political affairs in the demo- cratic party in Knox county. He visited his relatives in Iowa, and made arrangements to settle in Johnson county, but the death of his daughter, Mrs. Grimes, caused him to change his mind and he returned to his old home in Knox county, Ohio, where he died in 1872. He was born April 18, 1779, of Irish parents. He was full ©f schemes and practical ideas as the early history of Knox county, Ohio, is full of his management of pub- lic affairs. He was a man of no ordinary ability. His grand-daughter Hattie, married Capt. Phillip E. Shaver, and the only son living by this union is Lincolin, residing in Washington township. VINCENT GROSS, a farmer in Liberty township, post-office, Bon Accord; was born January 8, 1822, twelve miles from Belford, France. His father fought twelve years under Napoleon. He came to America in 1840, and settled in Ohio, and learned his trade with Henry Cook of Harrisburg, Stark county, and moved to Iowa City, Iowa, in 1842, and helped make the first plows made in that city. He laid out the village of South Liberty, called Bon Accord post-office. He was married March 4, 1846, to Miss Phcebe Marks of Liberty township. They have eight children, five boys and three girls: Mary C, wife of Jacob Hirt of Sharon township; Sarah E., wife of August Weide of Butler county, Nebraska; John W., is married and lives in Davis City, Butler county, Nebraska; Frank S., lives in Susanville, Honey Valley, California; Charles A., Frances C, Eva E., and Ida L. are at their home in South Liberty, on a fine farm of 240 acres, with one of the finest springs in the county. His family are members of the Catholic Church. He is a democrat in poli- tics, and has held several township offices, trustee, member of the school board, president of the same, etc. He is one of Liberty township's well- to-do and influential farmers; he has a fine orchard of 140 trees and all kinds of small fruits in abundance; he has good, substantial farm build- ings. GREGORY GROSS, a farmer, residing in Liberty township, post- office, Bon Accord; was born February 7, 1819, within twelve miles of Belford, France; came to America in 1837, settled in Stark county, Ohio, and in October, 1844, came to Johnson county, Iowa, purchased 834 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. from Mr. Fowler the claim of 160 acres of land upon which he has resided ever since. Mr. Gross was married March, 1841, to Miss Elizabeth Shcunblin, of Stark county, Ohio; they had two child- ren: Gregory and Vincent. His wife died in Iowa, March, 1846, and in February, 3 852, he married Miss Katharine Rummelhart, of Liberty township; they have by this marriage two gii"ls, Matilda, wife of Dr. Isaac W. Wright, who practices his profession in Liberty township, a graduate of the medical college of Iowa City, of the class of March, '82; and Levina, wife of N. Gross, of Chippeway Falls, Wisconsin. He is a member of the Catholic church of Liberty township. He was the first justice of the peace of Liberty township and has held that office continu- ously ever since. The people of Liberty township are peaceable and law- abiding, and Mr. Gross has always advised compromises and settlements among his neighbors when difficulties have arisen among them. His advice is most always respected and acted upon. PROF. ALFRED A. GUTHRIE, A. M.,B. D., the superintendent of the public schools in Iowa City, and secretary of the school board ; was born at Troy, Davis county, Iowa, Sept. 20, 1850. He attended school at Grinnell in 1869-70. The years 1871-72 he taught school in Missouri; in 1873 he came to Iowa City and attended the State University of Iowa, and graduated from the classical course in June, 1875. In June, 1877, he received the degree of B. D., and in June, 1881, the degree of A. M. After he graduated in 1875, he was elected by the Iowa City board of education, superintendent of the city schools, which position he has filled with great credit to himself ever since. He was married Dec. 25, 1877, to Miss Ella Osmond, and after tour months' suffering, on March 2, 1879, she passed from this life to her reward in the other world, on whose shore the weary and suffering kiss with joy the spirit that gives them rest eternal. Prof. Guthrie has placed the public schools in Iowa City on a solid basis by completely rearranging them; he has brought excellent order out of confusion. The school board have most certainly shown their good judg- ment by retaining him in this position so long. The books kept in his office are a perfect model of convenience and public utility, and just what should be required by law to be kept in every high school in the cities. The school system of America needs a few practical changes to be more efficient, and such men as the professor will aid materially in making these changes. HON. WILLI AM J. HADDOCK, a resident of Iowa City, and engaged in the practice of law, was born February 28, 1835, near Belfast, county Antrim, Ireland; came to America in 1849; landed at Philadelphia, Penn- sylvania. He was married August 2, 1865, to Miss Emma Humphrey, of Tipton, Iowa, a graduate of the State University. She was the first woman admitted to practice law by the U. S. Court. Mr. Haddock was admitted to the bar in 1862, and entered the law office of Hon. Rush HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 835 Clark as a partner February 8, 1867, and remained such until his death. He graduated from the normal department of the State University in June, 1862. He was appointed September '23, 1872, judge of the eighth judi- cial circuit court of Iowa, and served the unexpired term. He was appointed secretary of the board of regents of the State University June 28, 1864, and has served in that capacity continuously since. He was appointed by the secretary of the interior of the United States on a com- mittee to investigate charges of fraud against the Indian agent of the Pawnee tribe. A repubhcan in politics, and is an active and earnest worker in all matters pertaining to his part3^ CAPTAIN GEORGE R. HALL, a farmer residing in Sharon town- ship, post-office, Iowa City; was born January 7, 1840, in Washington county, New York. He was a soldier in company E, one hundred and twenty-third New York regiment; went in as a first lieutenant and came out a captain; he is a member of the Presbyterian Church of Iowa City. He was married November 25, 1868, to Miss Mary R. Guffin of Sharon township. They have four children: Modena J., Ernest H., Clarence W., and Ruth E. Is a republican in politics, and the present township clerk; has been assessor, and he took the federal census of Sharon township in 1880; he is also president of the Butter and Cheese Association. He is one of Sharon township's successful business men. THOMAS R. HALL (deceased), was born on the 15th day of Decem- ber, 1819, in Albermarle county, Virginia; was the son of Richie and Sarah Hall; was raised on a farm; learned the carpenter trade. August 10, 1843, he was married to Miss Nancy M. Martin of Augusta county, Vir- ginia. They have six children: John W., Elizabeth E., wife of J. W. Graham; Robert C, Eliza C, Cinderella C, and Cora A. In January, 1855, he came to Iowa, and settled in Johnson county; first in Shueyville, where he followed his trade. He purchased 240 acres of land in section 9, and moved there, where he farmed and worked at his trade up to the time of his death, which occurred Novembrr 22, 1871. He was a mem- ber of the Methodist Church, and held the office of justice of the peace and trustee of his township. He was a good citizen, a faithful husband, and a kind father. JONATHAN HAM, a resident of Scott township, post-office, Iowa City, and by occupation a farmer; was born in Miffiin county, Pennsyl- vania, in 1830; settled in Johnson county in the fall of 1855; and bought his present farm in 1864. He was united in marriage in 1852, to Miss Annie Coftman, a native of the same county and place of Mr. Ham. They had twelve children, eight are living: Emerson E., Sallie C, Lucy A., Lillie M., Carrie, Jennie, Jessie J., and John; and those dead are Jared, Ella, and two infants. The family of Mr. Ham are members of the Luth- eran Church. When he came to this county he was without means; his 836 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. only capital was his labor, and by economy and industry has secured a a splendid home. EMERSON M. HAM, post-ofRce, Iowa City; was born in Pennsyl- vania, May 13, 1855. At the age of six months his parents moved to this county. Here he has spent his youth and early manhood, receiving a com- mon school education. He was married here December 21, 1877, to Eveline Oathout, a native of New York. They have two boys: Roy E., Walter G. He was the owner of eighty acres of well improved land in section 31, Scott township; he was a member of the Lutheran Church in this city. HEZEKIAH HAMILTON, farmer and stock-raiser, post-office. Tif- fin; was born in Butler county, Ohio, March 26, 1829, and at the age of nine came to Iowa with his parents, and settled in what is now Johnson county; they first lived three miles below where Iowa City now is on the west side of the river, one-half mile west of the old Indian fort built by an Indian trader, named Gilbert. His father's name was Yale Hamilton, and when they came here there were only about twelve or thirteen families in what is now Johnson county. After a few years they moved to Iowa City, where Hezekiah attended school, and in 1848 came to where he now lives, in section 25, Oxford township, and where he owns 397 acres of fine land, also 243 acres in Shelby county, and has one of the finest home residences in the county. He was married September, 1849, to Mary E. Douglass, a daughter of Ebenezer Douglass, who came here from Richland county, Ohio, April 10, 1839. They have five children, viz.: Josephine, now Mrs. Dr. Wilcox; Nettie, now Mrs. Burge, in Shelby county; George, married and living at home; Ebenezer, at home, and Ella, now Mrs. Rev. Swartz, in Cedar Rapids. Mr. Hamilton and family are members of the Christian Church, at Tiffin. MRS. MARY A. HAMILTON, a resident of Clear Creek township, post-oflice, Tiffin; was born June 20, 1838, in Worthington, Eranklin county, Ohio; came to Muscatine, (then Bloomington) Iowa, in 1840. She had but few school privileges, yet under her mother's instruction was able to teach at twelve years of age in pa3'ment for tuition in higher branches than she could persue at home. At fifteen years of age she passed her first examination b}^ a school board, and for five years taught continuously, with no vacation. In 1860 she entered the Normal school at Iowa City; attended school in Iowa City two years. She was married March 2, 1862, to J. C. Hamilton, of Clear creek, and has resided on the farm near Tiffin ever since. This union is blessed with the following named children: Lyman P. (dead), Arthur C, Frank A., Walter C, Irving L., Helen A. (dead), Alice E. and Bessie Belle; her husband had by his first wife two children: Charlie W., and Emma. At the age of fifteen she began writ- ing for the press, usually poetry, though a series of character sketches HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 83T attracted much attention, which proved that prose was her field. She wrote under the signature of "Kitty Carroll" for numerous leading papers in ?Iowa — among them the Muscatine 'Journal., Duhuque Herald., Bur- lington Hawkeye, Keokuk Post, and Tipton Advertiser. About ten years ago at the request of Capt. S. D. Pryce, then editor of the RefuhUcan., she commenced a series of local letters from Tiffin which is said to be the genesis of "country correspondence" in the State, which she has kept up more or less irregularlly since in the Republican., lozua City 'Journal., Investigator., Oxford Journal and State Press, which latter have controlled her exclusive labors in that respect for a 3^ear and a half, paying a liberal rate for the same. EZRA HAMILTON, farmer, residing in Sharon township, on section 19; was born March 28, 18-iO, in Morgan county, Ohio; came to Iowa with his parents, and settled in Big Grove township, near Solon, in 1843, and in 1815 settled in Washington township. He w^as married March 28, 1861, to Miss Elizabeth Kessler. This union is blessed with three children: Annie, Wa3me, and Elmer. He is one of Sharon township's successtul farmers; has a tine farm with good buildings, and plenty of good stock. A republican iij politics; has filled the office of township trustee. BARTLETT HANLEY,a resident of Iowa City and proprietor of the Mansion House, on the corner of Maiden Lane and Lafayette street. Was born in May, 1838, in Ireland; came to America in 1848; landed in New York; came to Iowa City in 1856. He was married February 12th, 1861, to Miss Julia E. Carney of Iowa City. This union is blessed with five living children: Anthony, George, Mary, Midgie and Johnnie. He is a democrat in politics and always takes a lively interest in the question of his party ticket. The family are members of the St. Patrick Roman Catholic Church of Iowa City. He built the Mansion House in 1 879, a frame building two and one-half stories high with sixteen rooms. GEORGE HARTSOCK, a farmer, residing in Sharon township, post- office Iowa City. Was born February 6, 1830, in Pennsylvania; went with his parents to Belmont county, O., and lived there twelve years, and finally in 1847 moved with his farther, John Hartsock, and settled in Shar- on township, Johnson county, Iowa. He was married January 1st, 1856, to Miss Elizabeth C. Huft'; she died August 19th, 1865. This union is blessed with following named children: Marietta, wife of Emory Ives, Eva M., wife of C.J. Nagy, Jennie S., wife of Edwin Hummer, Jessie A. and Jacob M. June 16, 1866, he married MattieE. Hay; by this union they had two children: Homer E. and George L. After the death of this wife he married Mary A. Evans, October 1, 1874; by this union came one child, Stella. This wife died January 31, 1880. He is a republican in politics. He is one Sharon township's successful farmers, and is comfort- ably situated on 220 acres of good land. 53 838 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. REV. OSSIAN HARTMAN, a resident of Iowa City, and pastor of the German Lutheran Zion Church; was born Sept. 27, 1853, in Bavaria. Came to America in October, 1872, and finally settled in Iowa City in 1879. He was married May 22, 1877, to Miss Sophia Lenwigh, of Den- mark. They have three children: Bertha, Carl and Elizabeth. He was educated and graduated from Nuremberg, Bavaria, College in 1869, and also a graduate from the Iowa Lutheran Theological Seminary of Saint Sebald, Clayton county, Iowa. He had charge of the congregation of the same faith at Solon, Iowa. JAMES RUSH HARDSOCK, a resident of Iowa City and secretary of the Ark of Safety; was born May 15, 1818, in Washington county, Pennsylvania. Came to Iowa, May 5, 1838, and finally settled in Iowa City, in December, 1842. He settled upon a land claim in Sharon town- ship, in Johnson county. He was married Feb. 10, 1863, to Miss Jesse Henry, only daughter of David and Mary H-enry, from near Iverness, Scotland, and old settlers of Iowa City. They have three children: George L., Josephine and James Oliver. April, 1861, Abraham Lincoln appointed him postmaster of Iowa City. He filled the office for six years and when he refused to follow " Andy Johnson's policy," htj was requested to hand over the office to the Hon. E. W. Lucas, a democrat, but as soon as the victorious General U. S. Grant was made the president he re-ap- pointed Mr. H. as postmaster. Owing to some dissatisfaction Mr. H., always for peace, entered into a written agreement to submit the question to a vote of the patrons of the office, a spirited electipn was had and Mr. H. was elected by several hundred majority, and held the office until June, 1872, in all, nine years. Is a republican in politics. He was a candidate on that ticket in 1868, for mayor, the city was largely democratic and his opponent, the Hon. George W. McCleary, only succeeded by a majority of one vote. He is now engaged in a history of the work and progress of Masonry in Iowa, from 1840 to 1881, entitled "Forty Years of Masonry in Iowa." JONAS HARTMAN, farmer. Liberty township, post office, Bon Accord; was born January 8, 1817, in Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania. Settled in Johnson county, Iowa, April 11, 1839. He was married, November 19, 1843, to Miss Sarah Kepler, daughter of Jacob Kepler, an old citizen of Sharon township. They are the parents of the following named children: Joshua K., George W., Ann Eliza, wife of David Smith, living in Ringgold county, Iowa; Albert, Alveretta, wife of Samuel McGlaughlin, living in Liberty township, and John E. He bought his claim in 1840, being 80 acres, and now owns 193^ acres, with good build- ings, a fine orchard, and plenty of fruit, situated on the west side of Old Man's creek. The family are members of the Universalist Church, in Iowa City. He is a democrat in politics, and has held the office of town- ship trustee for many years. His wife did the first weaving in Liberty HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 839 township; her father built the loom for her, and she wove linen, linsey, carpet and sacking. JONATHAN HAWK, deceased. The subject of this sketch was born on the 17th day of February, 1796, in Lancaster county. Pa., where his early life was spent on a farm. He embraced religion early, and heeded to the call of his Master to preach the gospel. On the 25th day of January, 1820, he was united in marriage to Miss Catharine Mash, who was born in York county, Pennsylvania. They had eleven children; six are now living: Elias, Elizabeth, Catharine, Martha, Susanna and Christian D. In 1847 he came with his family to Iowa (having come here previous lo that time to look at the country), and settled in this county on section 36, where he followed farming and preaching until a short time before his death, when Christian D., his son, took charge of the farm. On the 28th day of October, 1875, Elder Hawk died, aged 79 years, 8 months and 11 da3-s. His wife survived him until August 16, 1880, when she died; both leaving behind them a record without the least stain, and in every respect worthy of imi- tation. Christian D. is still a resident of this county, where he was born on the ISth day of August, 1849. He was the main prop of his aged parents up to their death. On the 24th day of June, 1880, he was mar- ried to Miss Julia A. White, daughter of Mrs. Rebecca White, of North Liberty. David, as he is commonly called, owns a farm in Madison township, where he now resides. JOHN HEID, farmer. Cedar township, post-office, Solon; was born in Florida, July 5, 1839, and when about two years of age emigrated to Tuscararas county, Ohio, where they lived until 1854, when they came to Iowa and settled in Big Grove township, where he has since resided and followed farming. Mr. Held, Sr., died in 1870. He owns 184 acres of fine land. He was married, in August, 1868, to Mary M. Snabelea, a native of Iowa. They have eight children: Mary M., John A., Otto, Francis A., Annie, Louisa, Emma and Leo. Mr. Heid and family are members of the Catholic Church. HENRY M. HEINRICKS, farmer, post-office Solon. Was born in Germany, December 1st, 1821, and there learned the miller's trade, and emigrated to America in 1848, and landed in New Orleans; then lived in La Salle county, Illinois, about three years. He then came to Johnson county and settled in section 29, Big Grove township, and built a mill in 1856, which he ran about fourteen years. He enlisted in company F, 22d Iowa, August 19, 1862, and was injured at the blowing up of the fort at Vicksburg and now draws a pension. He was married in November 29, 1852, to Saloma Eberhardt, a native of France, by whom there is two children: Caroline, now Mrs. Moadsley, and Mary, now Mrs. Lenock. He was again married January 1st, 1869, to Mrs. Anna Lenock, who died January 6, 1878. 840 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. PATRICK HENNESSEY, a farmer and stock raiser, residing on section 5, in Graham township, post-office Morse. Was born 1830 in Kilkenny, Ireland; came to America in 1852, and lived in New York State until he settled in Graham township, in 1857. He was married in 1857 to Miss Ellen Lovett, of Ireland. This union is blessed with five children, one boy and four girls. The family are members of the Roman Catholic Church. A democrat in politics. JOHN HENRY, farmer and postmaster, Shoo .Fly. Was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, October 13,1822; when one 3''ear of age his father moved to Ohio, afterwards to Indiana, and finally to Lee county^ Iowa, in 1846, and the subject of this sketch came to Johnson county in 1851, and settled in what is now Fremont township, where he has since resided. He now owns 130 acres of land, and for several years kept the post-otfice of "Shoo Fly." He was married October, 1856, to Mrs. Sarah Wheeler, formlery Miss Wonders, a native of Iowa. They have no chil- dren; Mrs. Henry having tw^o by her first husband, viz: Elizabeth, now Mrs. Joseph Draubaugh, and Mary A., now Mrs. Newell. J. K. HEMPHILL, farmer and stock-raiser, post-otfice, Iowa Cit}'; was born November 16, 1823, in Oneida county. New York; came to Iowa Julyjl2, 1845; worked by the day and month until 1850; then went to California; remained there about two years. From there he went to New York; visited his parents two months. He then came to Iowa and pur- chased 160 acres of land in Johnson county, in sections 31 and 32, where he now resides. August 14, 1853, he was married to Miss M. E. Ward, daughter of Chancy R. Ward, of Belle Plaine, low^a. They have seven children: Lucy J., Frank H., M. E., Addie M., J. B., Archie W., and Ray C. Mr. Hemphill now owns 327 acres of land, 60 head of cattle, and 85 hogs; is a republican in politics; has served several terms as town- ship trustee. HENRY HERTZ, farmer, post-office, Solon; was born in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, January 9, 1824, and when three years of age his parents, Daniel and Christiana Hertz, emigrated to America, and settled in Easton, Pennsylvania, where the subject of this sketch spent his boy- hood days. At the age of eighteeen he went to Philadelphia and served an apprenticeship of two 3'ears at coach blacksmithing, and worked there fifteen years afterward. He then, in the spring of 1857, emigrated to Iowa, and settled on tlie farm he now lives on, where he owns 150 acres of land, all well improved. He has served in many township offices. He was married twice, first to Anna Tilton, and the second time to Florentine Bropst. By the first marriage there are three children: Albert F., Harry S., and Cordelia, now married to G. Blessin, a Lutheran minister, and by the second marriage there are seven living and four dead. Those living are as follows: Cilena, now married to C. Mardor, a Lutheran minister; HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 841 William, Jacob, Mary, George, Gustave, and Sarah. Mr. Hertz is a member of the German Lutheran Chmxh, and one of tht first members of that organization in Solon. JOHN R. HESS, wagon maker, Solon; was born in Lancaster county. Pa., Aug. 25, 1837, where he spent the first twenty-eight years of his life, and learned the wagon-maker's trade. In 1865 he emigrated to Iowa and settled in Iowa City, where he worked, and came to Solon in 1869. Was in partnership with G. R. Williams, for a few years, and since 1879 has been carrying on the business alone, and doing a flourishing business. He was married Dec. 2, 1S74, to Laura Warren, a native of Ohio. They have three children, viz: Warren C, Frank F., and Ralph R. Mr. Hess is a Master Mason. GEORGE P. HESS, was born July 27, 1839, at Steuben county, N.Y. In Sept., 1854, he came to Rock Island by railroad, and then by stage to Iowa City, in company with his uncle, George Powell, of Iowa City. His mother died when he was quite ^young. She was a sister of John and George Powell of Iowa City. He was a member of the Episcopal Church of Iowa City, also a member of the A. O. U. W. and the Legion of Honor of the same place. He was married Nov. 27, 1863, to Miss Ella L. Murry, of Iowa City. They had three children: Johnnie, Sadie and Margrette. Johnie was drowned in the Iowa river while bathing Aug. 2, 1882, and his father after a few weeks' sickness, on the 19th day of August, 1882, was called from earth to meet his reward and join his son he loved so dearly. SAMUEL S. HESS, a citizen of Iowa City; was born April 17, 1835, in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and settled in Johnson county, Iowa, in 1869, and engaged in the mercantile business in Iowa City. He was mar- ried in March, 1859, to Miss Margaret Bellass, of Philadelphia. This union is blessed by three children: Florence M., a graduate of the State University, N. Elizabeth, and Harry B. The family belongs to the Episcopal Church of Iowa City. He is a member of the Masonic bodies of Iowa City, and is a democrat in politics. SAMUEL J. HESS, a resident of Iowa City; was born October 23, 1824, at Aaronburg, Center county, Pennsylvania; came to Iowa City in 1846. He was married September 21, 1852, to Miss Margaret A. W. Snyder, of Iowa City. This union is blessed with five living children: Carrie I., George W., Lincoln H., Millard W., and Kittie. He made an overland trip to California in 1850, and returned in 1852. A republican in politics; was elected clerk of county court in 1854, defeating S. B. Gardner, and was re-elected, defeating Henry Felkner. He was a mem- ber of the county board of supervisor from 1865 to 1871, and a member of the city council in 1858, and from 1871 to 1875. In all the positions of public trust he proved faithful in every- respect. He began the hardware 842 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. t business in 1866, doing business on Washington street, and the firm of Hess & Co. is recognized as a substantial business house. HARMON H. HIATT, A. M., B. D., junior proprietor and principal of the Iowa City Academy; was born August 16," 1846, in Highland county, Ohio. He came to Iowa City and entered the State University . in 1869, and graduated with the class of 1875; he was principal of the ' public schools in Carroll City 1873-74, also of the Springdale public schools from 1875 to '78, and resigned and took his present position in the Iowa City Academy. He was married in February, 1876, to Miss Edith Brown, of Iowa City. AMOS HIATT, A. M., the senior proprietor and principal of Hiatt Bros. Academy; was born November 23, 1843, in Highland county, Ohio; came to Iowa in the fall of 1857. He was a faithful soldier in the Federal army in company D, 33d Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war; he was promoted to 1st Lieutenant in 1864, and during that year had command of the company; (he enlisted in Oskaloosa, hencdv his military record does not appear in the Johnson county roll of honor.) \ He came to Iowa City in 1866, entered the State University shortly after, \ and graduated in 1870; he was principal of the public schools of Brooklyn, \ in Poweshiek county, Iowa, in 1872-73 ; superintendent of the public schools * of Johnson county, 1874-75, and superintendent of the public schools of Anamosa, Jones county, in 1876-77; he taught mathematics two terms in / the State University after graduating. He was married August 18, 1870, to Miss Elma A. Sanders, of Iowa City. He was formerly a member of the Quaker church, and Joined the M. E. Church in Iowa City, in 1870. O. HIGBEE, a resident of Scott township, post-office, Iowa City, and a farmer and stock-raiser; was born in Alleghany county, Penns3dvania, in 1818, owns 320 acres of land in section 31; the first claim he made in Johnson county in 1854. He was married in 1841, January 14, to Eliza- beth Riggs, of Pennsylvania. The}' have five children: four of whom are living: Daniel W., is practicing law in Creston, Iowa; Sarah, wife of N. Snvder; Obediah F., who graduated at the Iowa City Academy, 1882; Elizabeth, and Caroline, the wife of Ira J. Barnes. He is a member of the Christian Church, and has always been active and firm on the church and school question of Scott township. He has held the office of school director the most of the time since his residence in Scott township. M. R. HILL, dry goods and groceries, post-office. Lone Tree; was born in Green county, Pennsylvania, March 11, 1838, where he spent his early life. He attended the Waynesburg College after going through the common schools; he followed farming as his principal occupation, and came to Iowa in the spring of 1867; lived in Muscatine county four years, then came to Johnson county and lived in Lincoln township, where he followed farming and buying and feeding stock. In January, 1882, he HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 843 bought out the store of G. W. Olds, at Lone Tree, and has added more stock, and now carries a fine stock of goods of over $4,000. He was married November 15, 1860, to Miss Ar}^ V. Allison, a native of Pennsyl- vania; this marriage has been blessed with four children, viz.: Harry B., Maggie D., Mary E. and Frank G. Mr. Hill and wife, are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church; he is also a member of the Knights of Honor, at Lone Tree. REV. JOHN HINDMAN was born in Armstrong county, Pennsyl- vania, January 12, 1817. By occupation he was a farmer and minister; he was the owner of 160 acres of land, all under cultivation. At the age of eleven years his parents, Samuel and Sarah moved to Trumbull county, Ohio, where he has reared to manhood, and remained until coming to Linn county, Iowa, in 1844, and made his home in that and Cedar county until coming to this county in 1864, and has made this his home, except two years and a half that he spent in California and Oregon. He has been twice married, first in 1846 to Miss Emily Weeks, a native of Ohio. They had nine children, seven of whom are living: William B., Wilber F., Lorenzo S., Lizzie A., Emma O., Asa W., Jesse L., Frank P., and James. His first wife died May 25, 1862, at Linn county, Iowa. He was again married April 23, 1863, to Mrs. Aris McKinsey, the widow of Wm. McKinsey, a native of Vermont. They had one child. Mr. Hindman's father died in 1831 at the age of fifty-five, and his mother died in Illinois, in 1881, at the advanced age of ninety-three. Mr. Hindman has been a minister of the Methodist Church for thirty-eight years; for the last twenty years, owing to failing health, has not been on a circuit. Mr. Hindman is a self-made and self-educated man and has never depended on the ministry for a liveHhood. In 1872 he was chosen a member of the Fifteenth General Assembly of Iowa. His third son was a member of the Upper Iowa Conference. H. L. HINKLEY, farmer and stock-raiser, post-office. Lone Tree; is a son of Luther and Eunice Hinkley, and was born in Madison county, New York, March 25, 1823, where he spent his early life, and got a good common school education, and followed farming. In December, 1855, he came to Johnson county, and bought the farm he now lives on in Fremont township, section 5, and owns 170 acres of finely improved land, and has fine buildings; he follows farming and raising stock. He was married September 27, 1855, to Hannah Collins, daughter of Hoxie and Deborah Collins, also of Madison county. New York. They had eight children, seven now living, viz: H. Durvane, H. Delos, Ellen H., Jennie H., L. Harley, Minnie D., Howard C, and H. Eugene, deceased. JOSEPH HIRT, a store keeper in South Liberty, Liberty township, and the present postmaster of Bon Accord. Was born April 27th, 1836, near Tiffin, Seneca county, Ohio; came to Johnson county in 1854, settled 844 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY, in Sharon county, and afterwards moved into Liberty township. Has been postmaster ten years; Charles Wrede was the first postmaster. Mr. H. was married January 27th, 1862, to Miss Mary A. Stroebel. They have eight children, four boys and four girls: William J., Emma E., Chas E., Frank E., Joseph T.,"Rosa J., Mary C. and Julia M. The family are members of the Roman Catholic Church of Liberty township. Mr. H. is a democrat in politics. WILLIAM P. HOHENSCHUH, a resident of Iowa City, and one of the proprietors of the Furniture Palace, and senior member of the firm of Hohenschuh, Cree & Lee, doing business, on College street, furniture dealers and undertakers. He was born November 10,1858, in Iowa City; he succeeded his father in business in 1876, and formed the present parnership in 1881. He was married February 4, 1880, to Miss Nena Crawford, of Morris, Illinois. He is a member of the St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, of Iowa City. He is a 'democrat in pohtics and was elected by his party coroner of Johnson county, in 1882. The gentlemen composing this firm have had much experience in their business, and their work ornaments many of the houses in Iowa City. As director general of a fiist-class funeral, we can safely say, that Will, has no supe- rior, and but few equals. ^ DENNIS HOGAN,a farmer residing in Clear Creek township. Was born May 4, 1820, in County Clare, Ireland. He came to America in 1847, landed in St. Johns, New Brunswick, and thence to Boston, Mass., and finally settled in Johnson county, Iowa, in 1853. He moved out on a farm in 1861, where he has resided since. He was married in April, 1854, to Miss Sarah J. Shelleday; she died of cholera in August, 1855, also her father and mother died of the same disease in Iowa City, the same month and year. He married Mary Boylen in February, 1856, and she died in August 1866. By this union they had six children: Dennis Thomas, Katie, Maggie, John and William. He was married in June 1867, to Miss Anna Clark, of Iowa City; and by this union they have four children: James, Albert, Anna aud Richard. The family are mem- bers of the St. Patrick's Church of Iowa City. He is greenbacker; was formerly a democrat; he has held the office of to.vnship trustee of Clear Creek township for several terms. BEAUMONT S. HOLMES, a resident of Iowa City, engaged in the marble business on the corner of Court and Clinton streets; was born March 19, 1816, in Oneida county, New York; came to Johnson county in March, 1841, and went back to his native state in the fall of that year, and was married April 27, 1842, to Miss Rachel W. Lathrop, of Oneida county. New York. They have six children: Dewitt C, Tryphena, wife of Charles Golden, of Newton, Iowa; Makins B., Eva V., Ella V., a graduate of the State University, and Carrie, wafe of Louis Johnson, of Decorah, Iowa. Mr. Holmes is a member of the Congregational Church HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 845 of Iowa City. A republican in politics, and served one term on the Iowa City school board. He started the first business in Iowa of cutting tomb- stones in 1843. JACOB HOFER, farmer, Cedar township, post-office, Solon; was born in Switzerland, August 12, 1829, and came to America in 1849, and went to Michigan, where he lived until 1856, when he came to Iowa and settled where he now resides; he now owns 270 acres of fine land. He was married May, 1853, to Elizabeth Meyer, a native of Germany; they have five children: Mary, Emil, Clara, Andrew and Flora. MAHLON HOELINGSWORTH, a farmer, residing in Scott town- ship, in section 36, post-office, Downey, Muscatine count}^; was born February 24, 1822. His father was a millwright. Mr, Hollingsworth is a prominent member in the Highland Quaker church in Scott township; he settled in Johnson county in 1854. He was married March 2, 1843, to Miss Mary P. Whitacre. They have six children: Edward W., James M., Rachel A., wife of A. Mead, Charles M., Aquilla W., and Esther, wife of Joshua Secrest, living; Rebecca and Harriet are dead. He is a republican in politics; was formerly a whig; he has a fine farm with good buildings, amply supplied with water, and upon which he raises fine crops and plenty of all kinds of fruits. JOHN J. HOLMES, the present popular and efficient mayor of Iowa City; was born Dec. 28, 1833, in Leesburg, Carrol county, Ohio. He was married Oct. 30, 1858, to Miss Sarah Bodley, of Newton, Iowa. They have three children: Maggie, Charles and Bertie. He settled in Iowa City in June, 1863. He is engaged in the marble business at No. 116, East College street. Junior member of the firm of J.W. Sterling & Co., a republican in politics, was alderman of the city for three years, and was elected mayor in April, 1882, a member of the A. O. U. W. of Iowa City and of the L. of H. of Iowa City, also of the American L. of H. He was living in Hannibal, Mo., when the war broke out and was a member of a company of Independent Scouts, and served under General Hulburt on special service at Lexington, Mo., during which service he lost his health and was not able^to continue in the service of his country. He set- tled in Iowa City in June, 1863, and has been prosperous in business and has grown popular with the people, as is evidenced by the fact that he was elected mayor on the republican ticket in April, 1882, over one of Iowa City's most successful and popular democrat mayors, and the people will not be inclined to " swap horses in the middle of the stream," but elect Mayor Holmes to a second term. W. F. HONBERGER, farmer and stock raiser, post-office Morse; born in Indiana in 1858. At two years of age, moved with his parents to Marshall county, Iowa, and lived there until 1870, when he went to Cedar Falls, Iowa, and attended school there about four years ; he then went to 846 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. O'Brien county, Iowa, and remained there until 1S76, when he came to Graham township. January 1, 1880, he was married to Miss Eva C. Morse. JACOB HORN, post-office. Western, farmer and stock-raiser; was born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, Sept. 29, 1823. Son of John and Catharine Horn. Was raised on a farm until he was fifteen years old, when his parents died, after which he served an apprenticeship to the wagon and buggy making trade, with Samuel Otto, in Bedford. After working four years with him, he then worked for a time in Cumberland City, Maryland. March 13, 1845, he was married to Miss Mary E. Smith, daughter of Frederick and Mary Smith of Bedford county, Penn- sylvania. To them were born nine children, seven are living: Joseph, W. S., in millinery business at Iowa City; Reuben S., Frederick F., William II., Stewart, Emma L., married to W. H. Cattrell, and Alice M. From 1845 to 1865 he followed his trade. In the spring of 1865 he came to Iowa and staid in Cedar County until the fall; he then came to this county and purchased 133 acres of land in section five, where he now resides. He afterwards bought of William Hall eighty acres in Linn county, Mr, Horn has followed farming ever since he has been in the State, until a few years ago, when the boys began to farm. He now superintends the farm and raises stock. He and his wife are members of the M. E. Church. His wife was born Nov. 29, 1826. SAMUEL G. HANKE, a farmer, residing in West Lucas township; was born February 17, 1821, near Berlin, Prussia; came to America and landed in New York city, July 4, 1850; came to Iowa in 1855, and to Johnson county in 1867. He was married July 14, 1852, to Miss Fredickie Key; they have one son, William. They are members of the German Luthern Church of Iowa City. Democratic in politics; his son William is one of the trustees of Lucas township. They make a specialty of raising fine cattle; they have sold all their fine stock of Holstein cattle, and William contemplates a trip to Europe to secure and import the finest stock of cattle he can find. JOSEPH H. HORRELL, farmer, post-office, Lone Tree; was born in Mifflin county, Pennsylvania, November 16, 1837; at the age of ten he moved to Fayette county. Pa., where he remained until 1864, when he emigrated to Johnson county, Iowa, and settled in Fremont township, where he now owns 160 acres of land, a part of which he improved from raw prairie. He has held the office of township assessor, and now gives his attention to farming and raising stock. He was married November 24, 1861, to Miss Sarah A. Wood, a native of Fayette county, Pa. They have had eight children, five of whom are now living, viz: William E., Isaac N., James C, Anna L., and Walter W.; those dead are Phebe E., Mary F. and Joseph H. Mr. Horrell is a member of the A. O, U, W., HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 847 of Riverside, also a member of the Christian Church. Politically he is democratic and an advocate of the temperance cause. FRANK J. HORAK, a resident of Iowa City, and engaged in the practice of the law, with an office on the east side of Dubuque street; was born April 21, 1844, in Bohemia, Austria. Graduated from the law department of the State University, June 23, 1879. He was a faithful soldier in the Union army, enlisting in Company E, 46th Iowa Infantry, in May, 1864, and remained until the close of the war. He settled in Iowa City in October, 1880, having practiced law in Benton county one year, and it can be truthfully said that he is the only Bohemian attorney in Johnson county. He was married May 2, 1870, to Miss Katie Mosnat, of Belle Plaine, Iowa. They are blessed with three bright little children: Bertha Maude, Frank E., and Hugo Claude. Is a democrat in politics, and enjoys the confidence of his people. He is a member of the Legion of Honor in Iowa City. He was postmaster at Shueyville in 1865, to fill a vacancy. He came to America in August, 1854, landing in New York City. He came to Rock Island by railroad and then to Iowa City in a wagon. He accidently shot himself in his right elbow in October, 1870, while in the act of taking a gun out of the wagon, on his return from a hunting expedition. SIMEON HOTZ, was born February 18, 1819, in Fuetzen, Baden, died in Iowa City Nov. 6, 1881. He came to America in the spring of 1850, and finally settled in Iowa City in 1857. He was married Dec. 26, 1852, to Miss Barbara Williams. They had seven children, five of whom are Hving: Mesdames Hugel, Staub, Graf and Misses Ella and Julia. He was a member of the St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church of Iowa City, as well as a member of the St. Joseph Society. He was a shoemaker by trade, and worked at his trade until he went in partnership with Louis Englert in the city brewerv. In 1857 he began brewing on his own account, and finally built the Union Drewery in 1868, and opened up that brewery in 1869, in partnership with his son-in-law, Mr. Geiger. In 1877 he was a victim of the railroad accident at Little Four Mile, on the C. R. I. & P. R. R., and was the last man rescued from the wreck after a con- finement of seven hours. He was a soldier in Brentano's Army in the revolution of 1848 and he grounded arms in the platz of Carlsruhe in May, 1849, when Duke Leopold retreated and left his duchy to Brentano, and the national committee. Leopold returned in August of the same year in the van of the Prussian army, and the young patriot could no longer have a home in his native mountain land, and being exiled never more to return, he set his face toward the great liberty loving republic of America. JACOB J. HOTZ, a resident of Iowa City; was born July 3, 1853, in New York City. Contractor and member of the firm of Shinn & Hotz; carpenters and builders of Iowa City. Their shop is on North Gilbert 848 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Street opposite 119; residence on North Gilbert street, No. 38*1. He was married Sept. 5, 1875, in Chicago, to Miss Delia Crawford, of that city. They have three children: Charles C, Frank W. and Guy J. He is a member of the St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church of Iowa City. He is a democrat in politics, and Sept. 30, 1882 received the democratic nomin- ation for recorder of Johnson county. He has the contract for building the buildings for the Iowa City water works, BENJAMIN M. HORNER, was born June 2T, 1818, in Harrison county, Virginia; he moved to Ohio in the spring of 1837, and from there to Iowa in 1839. He engaged in farming for six years and then opened a wagon and carnage shop. He taught school during the winters of 1841 and 1842 in Madison township on the north bend; had about 20 scholars. He married Feb. 16, 1841, Miss Annie Wheatl}^, of Iowa City township. They had two children: Marcellus, killed during the war at Sabine Cross Roads, Louisiana, in company C, 28th Iowa Infantry; Carrie, the wife of Richard Wales, of Harveysburgh, Warren county, Ohio. His wife died January 21, 1846. He was married March 7, 1853, to Eliza Steele, of Iowa City, and she died Aug. 19, 1880. He was active in forming the first temperance organization called the Washingtonian, and delivered the first temperance lecture in Johnson county, at the residence of Dr. Jesse Bowsen, in the winter of 1840. He is a devoted member of the M. E. Church of Iowa City, and was the leader of the first M. E. Church class in Johnson county, at the Parrott Church in Scott township. He was formerly a whig, but now a republican in politics. J. F. HOUSER, M. D., a resident of Iowa City, in the practice of medi- cine and surgery, office on the corner of Dubuque and Washington streets ; was born February 2, 1837, in Switzerland; came to America in 1847, landed in New York. He served four years in the army; enlisted as a private in the First Wisconsin Battery, and was afterwards contract sur- geon with the State of Wisconsin, and then became assistant surgeon United States Volunteers, and assigned to the First Wisconsin Battery ; his vast experience in the army as surgeon qualifies him for the duties of that part of his profession much better than a limited experience over a •disecting table in a medical college; he graduated from the Medical Col- lege at Keokuk, Iowa, March, 1882. He was married in 1858 to Miss Rosa Smith, and this union is blessed with one daughter: Carrie E.; his wife died in 1860, and June 30, 1865, he was married to Miss DeHa Car- penter, of Iowa, and this union is blessed with one daughter: Lillian A. He is a democrat in politics; a member of the Masonic society at West Branch, Iowa, also a member of the A. O, U. W,, Legion of Honor, and United Order of Honor of Iowa City, HON. THOMAS HUGHES. The subject of this sketch was born September 22, 1814, at Catawissa, Pennsylvania; died March 11, 1881, in HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 849 Iowa City. He came to Iowa in 1838 and to Iowa City in 1841, and was engaged in the printing business with General Van Amptworth; he was State Senator from Johnson county from 1816 to 1849; he was treasurer of Johnson county from 1855 to 1859. He was married September 15, 1841, to Miss Louisa King, of Dubuque, Iowa. They had four children: Delia, wife of James Gow, of Greenfield, Adair county, Iowa; Ellis G., living at Portland, Oregon ; Annie G., living in Iowa City, with her mother, and Louisa E., principal of the Iowa City high school. He was a mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church of Iowa City; he was a member of I. O. O. F. societies of Iowa Citv. He was a soldier in the late civil war, as quartermaster of the 28th Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry, commis- sioned August 15, 1862; was taken prisoner on the Red River expedition, and who held as such fourteen months at Fort Tyler, Texas. He was a republican in politics since 1856; he was city clerk of Iowa City for the year 1869-70-71-72-78-79-80, and was clerk when he died. His health was broken down and he was partially blind in one eye from suffering in a rebel prison. He received a paralytic stroke in 1865 and recovered from it, and had second a stroke in September, 1880, and partially recovered, and finally died of paralysis of the lungs. Mrs. Hughes fell and hurt her- self Thanksgiving day, 1881, and is probably a cripple for life; she was born August 23, 1823, in the city of Baltimore, and came to Dubuque Iowa, in 1839. WM. HUNT, a resident of Iowa City, and the owner and proprietor of Hunt's Hotel, on College street, south side numbers 18, 20, 22 and 24, near the Opera House; was born July 21, 1839, in Tipperary county, Ire- land; came to America in 1854, and landed in New Orleans; came to and settled in Iowa City the same year. He is a butcher by trade. He was married August 19, 1866, to Miss Annie Boylan, of Iowa City. This union is blessed with four children: Mary J. B., John W. M., Maggie E., and Nettie C. The family are members of the St. Patrick's Roman Catho- lic Church of Iowa City, A democrat in politics, and has been honored, with an office at the hands of his party; he served in the city council from the 3d ward in 1878-79. His hotel is well and favorably known, and the accommodations are good in every particular. ADAM HUNTER (deceased), was born in 1796, in Ireland; came to America in 1815. He was married in 1823 to Miss Efizabeth Morrison, at Little York, Pennsylvania. He went into the mercantile business in 1823 in Baltimore, Maryland, and in 1827 moved to Youngstown, Ohio, where he lived until 1850, when he settled in Scott township, Johnson count}^, Iowa, where he lived twenty-six years, and whence he was buried in 1876. He had seven stalwart sons and four daughters. Andrew fell bravely defending his train and sleeps on a wild mountain side in Idaho. William died of wounds received during a federal cavalry charge in the late civil war. They have all grown to manhood and womanhood S50 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. exceptinf^ one child dying in infancy, completing the patriarchal family of twelve sons born to the union of Adam Hunter and Elizabeth Morrison. He fell asleep at the ripe age of eighty years, after leading a wise life, leaving an example reaching far into the acts of those who knew him. POLLY HUDSON was born in Greenbriar county, Virginia, Decem- ber 22, 1812. Her parents moved to Indiana, and from there to Illinois, in 1829, where she was married June 27th to Joseph Hudson. They had three children, two now^ living: Jane E., wife of Jacob S. Bowersox, and James R.; both reside in Shueyville. In 1851 they came to Iowa, and settled in this county, where Mr. Hudson died September 27, 1855, Mrs. Hudson survives him, and lives with her daughter in Shueyville. She did the first weaving of cloth and carpet in this township. From her was obtained some of the early history. CHARLES HUBNER, blacksmith, residing at Tiffin; was born April 26, 1850, in Prussia; came to America, and settled in Iowa City in 1855, being only five years of age. He was married Januarv 5, 1874, to Miss Katie Strub of Iowa City. They have two children, Fred and Lewis. He is independent in politics, and is a member of the Masonic society, and the I.O. O. F., Iowa City. He learned his trade with G. Kettlewell of Iowa City, and his business and work show that he learned it well. He does all kinds of job work, wagon and carriage work and repairs all kinds of agricultural implements. His shop is near the C, R. I. & P. railroad depot. ROBERT HUTCHENSON. The subject of this sketch is the oldest resident citizen in Iowa City. Was born September 16th, 1811:, at West Newton, eight miles west of Boston, in Hillsborough county, Vew Hamp- shire. He settled in Iowa City July 17, 1839; he is a carpenter and joiner by trade; built the first Presbyterian Church in Iowa City, that contained the celebrated "Hummer Bell." He helped erect the first log house that was built in Iowa City. He went to California in the fall of 1849, and came back in 1852, about as rich as he went. He was married ■ October 19, '1843, in Iowa City, to Miss Julia Maria Whetstone, of Cin- cinnati, Ohio. This union has been blessed with nine children living and three dead, those living are: Zelah W., married and living in Muscatine; Julia E., wife of P. M. Musser, a prominent attorney and banker at Muscatine; Charles J., a railroad engineer; Sophia W., Hannah J., Carrie W., S. DeUa, Ada F. and Franklin Pierce. Those dead are: Laura C.> wife of Jas. Clark of Des Moines; Willie and Robert. He is a member of the Masonic lodge of Iowa City. Is a republican in politics, and was the first marshal of Iowa City; held the office two years. He had the small-pox in February, 1864, and when he recovered from it, the sight of his left eye was affected, and in a few years he lost his sight in that eye, and then his right eye began growing dim, and finally lost his sight entirely. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 851 GEORGE HUMMER, a resident of Iowa City, engaged in the whole- sale grocery business. Was born May 5th, 1841, in Burlington, Iowa. He was married August 12, 1878, to Miss Helen Rider, of Iowa City. They were blessed with five children, four of them living: Mar}^ L., Joseph E., George A., (dead), WilHam J. and Leo. F. Mr. H. was form- erly in the dry goods business in Iowa City until 1872, when he estab- lished the wholesale grocery house of Geo. Hummer & Co., Nos. 328, 330, 332, corner of Washington and Linn streets, main building 49x100 feet, built in 1880, at a cost of $75,000; it is one of the fine business houses in Iowa City, a two story brick with basement; and their business is increasing every year. Andrew Hummer, his father, built the first brewery in Iowa, and brewed the first beer in Burhngton, in 1837; got his supplies from Cincinnati by boat. His father died in 1849, and his mother died in 1848. Mr. Hummer is a democrat in politics, and a mem- ber of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church in Iowa City ; he is one of the Iowa City leading business men, and is building up a large wholesale busi- ness by his own exertions and energy. His father-in-law, Mr. Rider, is a partner in the firm. MARTIN HUCEK, a farmer in Lincoln township, post-office. Lone Tree. Was born in 1843, in Austria; came to America in 1855, and went to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and lived there one year, and then moved to Iowa City. He was married in 1860 to Miss Mary Groft'. This union was blessed with the following children: John, born in 1861; Francis, born in 1863; Joseph, born in 1865; Mary, born 1867; Annie, born 1869, Frank, born 1871. He is a democrat in poHtics and voted against the prohibitory amendment; he was drafted in 1862 and sent a substitute. HON. JOHN P. IRISH. Mr. Irish is an editor of wonderful abihty, a politician with few superiors and a citizen worthy of all the warm friends that he can count by the thousands. His political life is a history of itself. He became editor of the Iowa City State Press in December, 1864, and continued owner and editor of the same until Sept. 6, 1882. A demo- crat in politics, always true to his party in season and out. He has held several offices of honor, profit and trust; was a member of the Iowa House of Representatives and was one of its efficient workers. If he had been a republican he would have occupied a prominent place in the history of the nation. He has the ability, the tact and energy to work himself to national fame. His many friends here in Johnson county picture for him a brilliant future and a lofty position in the history of the nation. He was married Nov. 3, 1875, to Miss Anna Fletcher. They have two bright little children. In 1882 he moved to California, and the evening before his departure the citizens of Iowa City gave him a public reception at the St. James Hotel, where he was presented with a fine gold watch and chain, and his wife with a fine clock, as a testimonial of the esteem in 852 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. which he was held by his many warm friends in Iowa City, both demo- cratic and republican joining in making these presents. AUGUST ISENSE, a resident of Iowa City, a merchant on Washing- ton street and senior member of the firm of Isense & Cerny, clothiers; was born in March, 1819, in the Province of Brunswick. Came to America in 1846, landed in New Orleans; came to Iowa City in 1847. He worked on the State House in 1847 and 1848, then engaged as clerk in a grocery store and bought the store in 1860, and opened a clothing and gents' furnishing goods store in 1865. He was married in August, 1846, to Miss Dora Bethon of Brunswick. They have one child: Mary, the wife of Fred Rothweiler. The family are members of the German Lutheran Church of Iowa City. He is a democrat in politics, was township trustee in 1869, '80-'81, member of Tutonia, German Lodge, No. 129, I. O. O. F. PETER JACOBS, a farmer residing in Sharon township, post-office, Bon Accord; was born July 4, 1828. He was married in October, 1869, to Miss Susan W. Blitz. He settled in Johnson county in 1866. He is independent in politics, never held any office, and is liberal in his religious views. He was a soldier in the late civil war, and served his country in company D, Ninth Wisconsin Volunteers for three years, and lost his health in the army. JOHN W. JAYNE, farmer and fine stock raiser, post-office. Lone Tree; was born in Broom county, New York, October 28, 1819, and spent the first thirt3'-five years of his life in the north-east corner town- ship of Pennsylvania, and followed farming and lumxbering. In 1854 he moved to Iowa and settled in Muscatine county, near the Scott county line, and resided in that county until the spring of 1870. In 1861 he and his son Whittaker enlisted in Compan}- B, 8th Iowa Regiment, and at the battle of Shiloh he was taken prisoner and was in the Tuscaloosa prison two months, where he lost his health; he was discharged July 1, 1862. The following fall he was elected clerk of the District Court for Johnson county, and held that office three terms, (six years), and was the first county officer ever elected the third term in that county. In the spring 1870 he moved to Fremont township, this count}^ where he owned a large tract of land, over 1200 acres, and in 1872, he laid out the town of Lone Tree. He is now a member of the board of supervisors of this county; he is a self and thoroughly educated man, and taught school two and a half years in Lone Tree, and owns a fine library of over 800 volumns, principally scientific .works. He now owns 220 acres of land and is engaged, with his sons David and Henry, in breeding and raising thoroughbred Short-horns, and owns some of the finest blooded stock west of the Mississippi river. He was married September 25, 1841, to Miss Deborah Early; she dying August 25, 1842, leaving one boy, Whit- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 85S taker. He was again married September, 1842, to Miss Catherine Gilli- land, a native of New York. They have had five children, viz: David, Henry, William and Deborah, both deceased, and Sarah, married to Rev. A. C. Kelley. Mr. Jayne and family are members of the Baptist Church, and he is an active temperance worker. JOHN E. JAYNE, born December 15, 1838; came to Johnson county, 1810; he is a bridge contractor and builder. His father entered 1,000 acres of land in Graham township. He was married July 3, 1866, to Miss Laura O. Bird, of Woodstock, Ills. They have three children: Howard W., Ella, Eben and Hayes. Republican in politics: member city council from fourth ward, 1878 and 1879; was in the army, Company D, 24th Iowa Regiment; member of the Congregational Church; member of the Legion of Honor of Iowa City. He is one of the enterprising citizens of Iowa City. He is the builder of the Jayne patent combination truss arch bridge. His shop is on Gilbert street. His bridges are being built in many counties in Iowa. SYLVANUS JOHNSON, a farmer, residing in Lucas township, post-office, Iowa City; was born November ]2, 1813, in New Haven county, Conn. Came to Iowa in 1837, and to Johnson county in the fall of 1839. He opened the first brick-yard and moulded the first brick in Iowa City, April 15, 1840, burned the first kiln in May, 1840, and the first brick building was a two-story brick, now occupied by O'Hanlan & Sons, boots and shoes. He was married, April 15, 1845, to Miss Emily Bradley, of New Haven, Conn. They have six children: Lawrence B., Theodore, Ella and Ellsworth, twins, Leora and Homer. He is a member of the Baptist Church of Iowa City. A democrat in politics; was vice-president of the national democratic convention, at Louisville, Kentucky, that nom- inated O'Conner and Black, in 1872. He was a member of the city council in 1855, and was justice of the peace of Lucas township one term. He met with an accident when but sixteen years of age that has crippled him for life, the result of a dislocation of the right hip-joint, followed by white swelling. He is a man of strong political convictions, and always free to express them. He was bitterly opposed to Greely's nomination, and could not see how any democrat with honest political convictions could vote for Horace Greely. ROLLA JOHNSON, fruit-grower, Clear Creek township, post-office, Tiffin; was born in the town of Lenox, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, June 3, 1815; is the son of Ira and Cyntha Johnson. His parents moved to Oswego county. New York, when he was but three years old, where he was raised on a farm until eighteen years of age, when he went to Newark, Huron county, Ohio, and clerked in the store of Mr. Kimball for three years; he then went into partnership with S. Patrick, and con- tinued until 1841; then went to Tiffin, Ohio, where he kept a store of his 54 354 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. own until 1849, when he came to Iowa, having come previously to look at the country. He first settled in Iowa City, though he bought land in Iowa county. In 1855 he sold his land to the Amana society, purchased property in Davenport, lived there one winter, and then purchased land in this county, where he now resides, on section 28, where he owns 140 acres of splendid land. In January, 1843, he was married to Miss Helen E. Morse, of Huron count}^ Ohio. Of this union there are four children living: Charles M., Ira, Frank W. and Emma V. His wife died January 26, 1869, and on the lOth of October, 1871, he was married to Miss Sarah S. Youman. Mr. Johnson is now engaged in fruit growing and bee cul- ture. He is a member of the Baptist Church, a republican, and a tem- perance man in every sense of the term. LAWRENCE B. JOHNSON, a resident of Iowa City, and engaged in the flour and feed business, on Dubuque street: was born July 19, 1847. He was married January 14, 1880, to Miss Flora Schaedler, of Iowa City. They have one child, a little boy. He was deputy sheriff of Johnson county under John Coldren. He is a member of the Legion of Honor, a member of the Baptist Church, and is a democrat in politics. He was a prominent candidate for sheriff in 1881; by force of circumstances over which he had no control the democratic leaders thought they would elect Mr. Coldren a third term, and that left Mr. Johnson free to engage in other business. CHARLES JONES (deceased). The subject of this sketch was born in Ireland in 1800; came to America and settled in Iowa City in 1840, and worked on the capitol building. In 1843 he made a claim on section 2, township 78, near Edward R. Ricord's. He made the overland journey to California in 1850 with a team of oxen, and returned home by the Panama route in 1858, and remained four years, then returned to Califor- nia, and lived there until 1864. He died at the home of his sister, Mrs. Furlong, in 1870, on Old Man's creek in York township. He was uni- versally respected by all who knew him. Mr. Jones established a law of borrowing, and it was approved by Thomas Hansen, May 7, 1845. It was this: all property in their neighborhood should be considered public property, and people in their settlement must loan anything they had, and never carry back anything you borrow. A part of this settlement in which this law prevailed was on Old Man's creek in Washington town- ship in Johnson county. WILLIAM JAYNE, was born January 26, 1802 in Sussex county, New Jersey; died March 30, 1880. He came to Johnson county, Iowa, in 1840, and settled in Graham township, and secured 1100 acres of land. He was married September 4, 1824, to Miss Maria Perry. They have nine children, three sons and six daughters. Mr. Jayne's father was the Rev. Ebenezer Jayne, a Baptist clergyman and a lieutenant in the revo- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 855 lutionary war. He was quite an able writer on religious topics, and some of his works are still preserved in the family. His father was William Jayne, also a Baptist clerejyman, and was born in Bristol, England, in 1622, and fled from religious persecution to this country and settled in Long Island, New York, in 1682. There wer four- teen children in Ebenezer Jayne's family. William was the eleventh and the next younger than the late Dr. D. Jayne, of Philadelphia. Early in life William learned the trade of carpenter, and took several contracts on public works. He assisted in building the second railroad in the United States. He removed to the west in 1836, and had a contract in the construction of the Illinois Southern railroad. From Illinois he came to this county in 1840, settling on a farm near where he continued to live for twenty-five years, since which time he has lived in this city up to the day of his death. Mr. Jayne was a man of strong and sterling character, and of large intelligence. He was a great reader, a thorough student of history, and well informed on all general topics. In early days he was a whig, and immediately on its organization joined the free-soil party, and was one of the first organizers of that liberty-loving old party in this county. JOSEPH KARBULKA, a farmer, residing in Monroe township, post- office Danforth; was born January 8, 1822, in Austria; came to America in 1864, landed in New York City, and the same year settled upon the farm upon which he now resides. He was married July 18, 1844, to Miss Theresa Novtuy. They have three children: John, Josephine and Anna. The family are members of the Catholic Church. He is a demo- crat in politics, and voted against the prohibitory constitutional amend- ment. He is a quiet, hard working, honest man, a trait characteristic of the Bohemian people. JACOB KEIM, a resident of Iowa City, and the proprietor of the new Boston bakery, on Dubuque street; came to America in 1857, and to Iowa City in 1869. He was married in March, 1868, to Miss Elizabeth Fisher, of Germany. They have five children: Jacob, Mary F., Frederick W., Peter and Margaret. He is a democrat in politics. MICHAEL KELLEY, a farmer and resident of West Lucas town- ship; post-office Iowa City; was born August 29, 1825, in Kings county, Ireland; came to America and landed in New York, April 1, 1852, and settled in Iowa, Aug. 17, 1856, and engaged in farming. He was mar- ried in Cincinnati, Ohio, Aug. 15, 1856, to Miss Helen Maloy. They have no children. AMOS KEELER, farmer, post-office Lone Tree; was born in Sum- merset county, Pa., June 10, 1840. When ten years of age he went to Ohio with his father, where he spent his early life until he was twenty- two years of age. He then emigrated to Johnson county, Iowa, in 1862, 856 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. where he has since resided, and now owns 120 acres of fine land, which he has improved from wild prairie. He was married Dec. 15, 1863, to Mrs. Catharine Henry, formerly Miss Swink. They have four children, viz: Mary J., Theodore, Amos, and Benjamin. Mr. Keeler and wife are members of the Baptist Church. REV. FERGUS L. KEN YON, the present minister of the Congrega- tional Church of Iowa City; was born December 4, 1835, in the parish of Sobly, Wigton Shire, Scotland. He graduated at Princeton College, New Jersey, in 1859, and was tutor of Greek in that college for two and one-half years; studied theology at Princeton Seminary, and graduated in 1864. He was married in April, 1865, to is> H ittii A. Squire, of Graften, Ohio. He had charge of a congregation in East Orange, New Jersey, and then in Elyria, Ohio, and labored in St. Joseph, Missouri, and in Sep- tem ber, 1878, took charge of the Congregational Church in Iowa City. FRANK S. KESSLER. farmer, post-office, Solon ; was born in Musk- inghum county, Ohio, March 3, 1846, and came to Iowa with his father, Fidel, in 1852; he has followed farming, and now owns 133 acres of well improved land. He was married September 14, 1872, to Mrs. Mary A. Stiles, nee Hoffman, a native of Germany. This union has been blessed with ^three children: Mary E., Harvey and Rolland R. Sabinas Stiles, Mrs. Kessler's first husband, was born in New York State, and was a son of Warner Stiles, who came to Johnson county in 1839, and married Mary A. Hoffman, November 23, 1854; he dying April 15, 1868, leaving five children: Laura A., now Mrs. Taylor; Sarah E., now Mrs. Corrigan; George L., Emma A., and Cora I. FIDEL KESSLER, farmer, post-office, Solon; was born in Germany, March 26, 1818, and there learned the cabinet-maker trade, and emigrated to America in September, 1834, and lived in Muskinghum county, Ohio, until the fall of 1850, when he came to Iowa and settled in Big Grove township, where he has improved a farm of 125 acres. He was married February 25, 1845, to Mary Corns, a native of Ohio. This union has been blessed with eleven children: Frances and Nicholas F., (twins) Louisa C, William, Mary J., Edwin, Alice, Caroline, Mary, Charlie and Maggie, also twins. Mr. Kessler is a member of the Catholic Church. GEORGE W. KETTLEWELL, a resident of Iowa City, a black- smith doing business on East Washington street. Was born December 30, 1821, in Washmgton counly, Penns3'lvania; came to Iowa City Sep- tember 5, 1856, and has been engaged at his trade since. He was mar- ried January 23, 1852, to Miss Hannah Jackson, of Warren, Ohio; she was born in Yorkshire, England. This union is blessed with six children: William A., Alice, Charles, George W., Eva., Eda, and an adopted daughter, Ida K. Haines, a sister's child, is a member of his family. He is a member of the M. E. Church of Iowa City; a member of the I. O. O. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 857 F. societies of Iowa City, and among the oldest members of that order. He is a democrat in politics, and has held several offices of honor, profit and trust at the hands of his party; he has served as member of the school board of Iowa City, and in the city council, in 1863, as a member from the third ward. PETER KETTLES, farmer, Wasliington township, post-office Frank Pierce. Was born in Germany, April 29, 1839; came to America in May, 1858; landed in New York City. Settled in Johnson county, Iowa, in June, 1858, and worked in Sharon township. He enHsted in the First Wisconsin Infantry for three months, April 16, 186] ; and August 23, 1861, enlisted in the Fourth Missouri Cavalry, and was discharged in November, 1865. He enHsted as a private, and was promoted from pri- vate along the grades of office from corporal to first lieutenant, in June 1863, holding all the non-commission oflicers' ranks. He was married March 19, 1867, to Miss Rebecca Oldacker. They have one child, Fredrick, born April 20th, 1868. Mr. Kettles is a republican in politics; has held the office of township clerk for two years, and has been re-elected. ADAM KNIESE, a well-to-do farmer, residing in Scott county, post- office West Branch. Was born October 30, 1830, at Knehrohesser, Germany. He came to America in 1853; settled in Johnson county in 1868. He came here a poor man, and by economy and industry now owns 212 acres of land and is worth $10,000, and enjoys life. He is one of Scott township's successful farmers. He was married March 5, 1855, to Miss Katharine Hecke, of Germany. He is a democrat in politics, and voted against the prohibitory constitutional amendment; he is a member of the German Reformed Church. JACOB KOENIG, a farmer residing in Liberty township, post-office, Bon Accord. Was born in Germany, August 24, 1834; came to Amer- ica in 1855, and settled in Iowa Cit}'^ in 1858, and bought the farm upon which he now resides in 1862. He was married July 4, 1862, to Miss Mary Fisher, of Iowa City. They have seven children: Gotlieb, Fritz, John, George, Frank, Mary and Louisa. He is a democrat in politics, and voted against the amendment. J. F. KOLER, pubHsher Reaper^ Solon: was born in Austria, Nov. 7, 1856, and emigrated to America with his parents in 1862, and settled in Iowa City and commenced the printers trade in August, 1874, on the Iowa City Republican ; in 1878 he went to Marengo for a period of two years, then to Council BlufTs. In April, 1880, he was married to Miss HattieLe- Grange, of Pleasant Valley township, Scott county, at Davenport; lived in Council Blufis a short time, then went over to Omaha and worked in the Herald job rooms; in June, 1881, went to Des Moines and engaged with the State yournal Printing Company, from there to Reinbeck and dited t he Reinbeck Times in company with another man; as he did not 858 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. like the partnership, only remained there a few months. He then came to Solon and engaged in the publication of the Solon Reader. The first number made its appearance July 28, 1882, just when there was a great demand for Readers. The farmers now all have the Reaper once a week, sunshine or rain, cold or warm, throughout the year. The Reaper is well patronized and is a staying stone for the future in Solon. PAUL A. KORAB, farmer and teacher, Jefferson township, post- office, Shueyville; was born on the 30th day of July, 1857, in Linn county, Iowa; is the son of Paul and Catharine Korab, who were born in Bohemia. In 1854 they left the old country for America, and landed in Iowa on the 10th day of August, and settled in Linn county, where they purchased land and resided until 1866, when he sold his land there and purchased 140 acres in this county in sections 9 and 16, where he lived up to his death, which occurred on February 3, 1879. He had two children: Josephine, married to Wesley Yanish, February 21, 1882, and Paul A., the subject of this sketch, who was raised on his father's farm, and now resides with his mother on the home place. He received his education at Western College, having attended four terms, aside from common schools; has taught five terms of school in his township, and is one of the present trustees. He is quite a young man, and has a promising [future before him. There is at present an old gentleman living with him named Joseph Jacobetz, 82 years old, said to be the oldest man in the township. ALEXANDER KOSER, farmer and stock dealer; is a native of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, where he was born Sept. 27, 1820, where he lived until 1848, he then went to Harrisburg, where he followed butchering and buying and selling stock until 1870, he then emigrated to Johnson county, and settled at Coralville, and now owns 470 acres of land and deals in stock. He has been married twice; first Februar}' 2, 1841, to Miss Hettie A. Atchley, she dying April 24, 1865; and the second time, June 15, 1869, to Mrs. Caroline Hart, her maiden name being Gould. There were seven children by the first marriage, viz: Mary, Elizabeth, Susan, Agnes, John, Charlie, and Dolly; and by the last marriage there are, Edward, Alexander, Carrie, Iowa, Minnie, Hayes, Filey and Manley. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, and also of the I. O. O. F. JOHN KRAUS, a resident of Iowa City; born May 7, 1829, in Will- iamsburg, New York; settled in Iowa City in 1865. He lived in Wilks- barre, Luzerne count}'^, Pennsylvania, before he came to Johnson county, was engaged in farming, and farmed a while in this county, and now keeps the Sunny Side barber shop, on Iowa avenue, east of the post- office. He is a democrat in politics, and voted against the prohibitory constitutional amendment. JACOB KRAMER, of Iowa City, in the boot and shoe business. No. 24, Dubuque street; was born Sept. 4, 1833, in Bavaria. Came to HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 859 America in 1852, landed in New York and settled in Iowa City in June, 1856. He learned the shoe maker's trade in Germany and has worked at his trade thirty-six years. He was married March 20, 1858, to Miss Scheilling of Iowa City. The\^ have six children: Wilhelmina, wife of William Kue;JohnC., Emma E., wife of William Hauke; Christopher G., William F. and Jacob S. The familv are members of the Lutheran Church. A member of the German Lodge No. 185, A. O. U. W. EDWARD LANNING, a farmer residing in Lucas township, post- office, Iowa City; was torn May 7, 1815, at Johnsonsburg, New Jersey, left there in 1835 and finally settled in Johnson county, in 1840. He was married January 14, 1844, to Miss Mary Johnson. They have had the following named children: Zoe, born 1847; Mollie Jane, born 1848, wife of Charles Fairall; Edward, born 185'J; Harry, born 1854; Samuel, born 1856; Elizabeth, born, 1860; Orinda, born 1844, and died in 1860; John, born 1845, and died, James born in 1858, and died in 1861. He was one of the first aldermen of Iowa City. F, H. LANE, farmer and grain buyer, post-office, Lone Tree; was born in Cedar county, Iowa, September 1, 1857, and is a son of William Lane, of West Liberty. He attended the Eastern Iowa College, and com- menced teaching school in 1878, and taught three terms. In 1878 he in partnership with his brother, H.C. Lane, under the firm name of Lane Brothers, commenced buying and shipping grain and stock at Lone Tree, which they still follow and are doing a flourishing business, running the elevator there and buying all the grain at that point. He was married February 22, 1882, to Miss Sadie Jean, a native of Muscatine county. . H. C. LANE, live stock and grain dealer, post-office. Lone Tree; was born in Cedar county, Iowa, July 18, 1854, and is a son of W. S. Lane, of West Liberty. He attended the high school at West Liberty, also the Eastern Iowa Normal at Grandview and taught school six terms, teaching the high school of Nichols in the winter of 1877-78. In April, 1878, he came to Lone Tree and commenced the business he is now engaged in, in partnership with his brother, F. H. Lane, under the firm name of Lane Bros. They also own a farm of 160 acres near town; they are doing a flourishing business, and enjoy the respect of all who have had dealings with them; they also deal in farm mashinery. H. C. was married May 18, 1881, to Miss Mary Tantlinger, a native of this county. They have one daughter: Bertha Belle. Mr. and Mrs. Lane are numbers of the M. E. Church, and he is a member of the I. O. O. F. D. M. LANGDON, farmer, post-office, Solon ; was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, March 21, 1844, and emigrated to Iowa with his parents, Luther and Sally Langdon, in February, 1855, and settled in Big Grove township, Johnson county. Here the subject of this sketch has since resided, and followed the occupation of a farmer and stock-raiser, and owns 860 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 188 acres of land. He was married January 28, 1868, to Miss M. A. Stream, a native of Licking county, Ohio, and came to this county in 1855. She is a daughter of Elias Stream, who died February 18, 1863. They have no children. H. W. LATHROP, a farmer, fruit grower and stock raiser of Lucas township, post-office Iowa City; was born Oct. 28, 1819, in Hawley, Mass. His parents moved to and settled in New York State in 1821, and he set- tled in Iowa City, Johnson county, in May, 1847. Has held several offices of honor, profit and trust; has been a member of the city council, mayor of the city, county superintendent of public schools, a member of the board of regents and treasurer of the State University. He was married April, 1847, to Miss Mary Welton. They have had five children, three of whom are still living: Willard A., George Fred, Zeph Welton (deceased), Mag- gie A., wife of Frank F. Luse, married in December, 1879, and died of consumption four months after marriage, and Minnie E. Mr Lathrop was editor and one of the publishers of the Iowa City Republican during the years 1854 and 1855, and editor during a portion of the year 1858. He was for two years president of the State Horticultural Society, and is now one of its directors; he is now, and has been for several years, secre- tary of the Eastern Iowa Horticultural Society. In fruit growing, he makes a specialty of grapes and apples, and in stock raising of Short-horn cattle. Imp. Grand Duke of Kirklevington 2d, and Peri Sharon, are the bulls in use at the head of his herd. HERMAN LAUFER, a resident of Iowa City, and doing business on College street; was born Sept. 12, 1839, at Hersfeld, Hesse Cassel, Ger- many. Came to America in October 1853, and landed in New York City, and came to Iowa in 1857, and finally settled in Iowa City in 1871, and opened a saddle and harness shop. He was married Nov. 26, 1871, to Miss Matilda Feasler, of Iowa City. They have two children, Frank and Olive. He is a republican in politics. J. WALTER LEE, a resident of Iowa City, and junior oartner in the firm of Hohenschup, Cree & Lee; was born January 29, 1842, in Green county. Ills. Came to Iowa City in 1844. He was married January 1, 1868, to Miss May Parvm, daughter of Prof. T. S. Parvin. They have four children: Roy P., Arthur P., died in September, 1878, Leslie P. and Walter P. He was a faithful soldier in compan}^ F., 22d regiment Iowa volunteer infantr}', enlisted Aug. 26, 1862; promoted to quartermaster sergeant, Oct. 1, 1862, and served to the close of the war. He is a mem- ber of the First Presbyterian Church at Iowa Citv, also a member of the Masonic bodies, A. O. U. W. and L. of H.of Iowa City. A republican in politics. He served in the city council two years, elected in 1876. A. W. LEONARD, grocer and railroad agent, post-office. Lone Tree; was born in Mahoming county, Ohio, July 14, 1834, where he spent his HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 861 early life and got a common school education. At the age of sixteen he went to learn the carpenter and joiner trade, and worked for one man seven years, and in 1856 came to Fremont township, Johnson county, and bought forty acres of land and improved it, and afterward bought eighty acres more; this, at that time was Pleasant Valley township; he has since lived here, with the exception of three years he lived at West Liberty, from 1869 to '72, where he followed contracting. He then returned to this place, and in the fall of 1872 he commenced in the lumber and grocery business, and afterward added dry goods to his grocery stock, and in May, 1874, he began work for the B., C. R. & N. R.R., as their agent, at Lone Tree, which position he has since held; he also is express agent and buys grain and sells coal, and has been postmaster since the fall of 1876, and is now serving his third year as notary public. He was married March 12, 18.57, to Miss Louisa A. Hazen; she dying August 20, 1874, he was again married May 6, 1875, to Miss Sarah F. Nelson, a native of Iowa. There were no children by first marriage, but three by the last, viz: Louisa May, born April 13, 1877; Jane Alma, born June 26, 1879, and Nona Belle, born May 21, 1881. Mr. Leonard and wife are members of the Methodist Church. VICTOR BARTA LETOVSKY, a farmer and brewer, residing in Jefferson township, post-office, Shueyville; was born September 1, 1824, in Moravia, Europe; came to America January 1, 1854, and settled in Johnson county the same year, traveling from Racine, Wisconsin, to Jefferson township bv wagon and team. He built the brewer}- where he now resides, on section 13 in Jefferson township, in 1862; he quit brewing when the revenue laws went into effect, and then he rented the brewery, and finally the business suspended in 1874. He was married in February, 1865, to Miss Josephine Makovsky ; by this wife he had one child, now six- teen years of age, a boy; his wife died in October, 1874, and he was mar- ried again Jan. 24, 1875, to Miss Katharine Trunech. This union is blessed with three children: Bohumil, Victor B. and Justia. He is a democrat in politics, and voted against the prohibitory amendment. The capacity of his brewery is about eight barrels per day; things are out of repair and he never expects to startup the brewery again. He has a stone quarry on his land that has been open about twenty years; it is on a small stream that has its source in Shueyville, and it is commonly called "Skunk's Run." There are two fine springs near the brewery. He burned Hme on his place in 1864; it is limestone rock, and evidences of coal are found in several places. CHAS. LEWIS, a grain dealer in Iowa City, on Capitol street. Was born- November 25, 1832, in Oneida county. New York; settled in Iowa in 1862. He engaged in the grain business in 1872; prior to that time was in the grocery with the firm of Lewis Bros.; he buys all kind of grain and seeds. He was married October 25, 1859, to Miss Elizabeth 8G2 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Griffith, of Racine, Wisconsin. Tliey have live children: LilUe E., Lydia H., Kittie M., Minnie and Roscoe E. He has held several public offices; was member of city council, member of school board, three terms of three years each; trustee of the township for five years. He is a repub- lican in politics. In 1879 he shipped 98,541 bushels of grain; in 1880, 98,000 bushels; in 1881, 99,820 bushels; in 1882, 70,000 bushels. The crops of Johnson county were short in 1881 and 1882. JOHN B. LETOVSKY, a resident of Iowa City, and one of the proprietors of the Bohemian paper, Slovan Americky. Was born Decem- ber 26, 1821, in Moravia. He was married February 4, 1845, to Miss Jenny Mrakota, of Moravia. This union is blessed with seven living chil- dren: John B., Stojslav, Libb}', Jenny, Bohumil, Miroslav and Stanislav. He came to America and landed in Boston, January 4, 1854, being eighty days at sea, most of the time in a storm. He went to Racine, Wisconsin, that winter, and in the spring took his family in an ox team and moved to Iowa; was fourteen days on the way to Cedar Rapids. He settled in Jefferson township in the fall of 1854, and farmed until 1859, when he went to Racine, Wisconsin, and started the Slovan Amerikansky, and edited and published that paper until 1861, when he was sent by the Russian government to Amour, where he was gone eighteen months, and returned in 1862; his mission being to make a report on the feasibility of settling the province with his nationality for agricultural purposes. He came to Iowa City in 1869, and in company withj. P. Pisha started the Slo- van Americky, the only Bohemian paper published in Iowa. Three of his sons, J. M. B., B. B. and S. B., bought out Mr. Pisha's interest, and the paper is owned and published by John B. Letovsky & Sons, with John M. B. Letovsky as editor. Mr. B. is quite a good writer, and the paper is highly esteemed by the Bohemian people. J. M. B. LETOVSKY, a resident of Iowa City, an editor and one of the •proprietors of the Slovan Americky, a Bohemian paper, published in Iowa City, in the Bohemian language. Was born December 15, 1845, in Moravia; came to America with his parents and landed in Boston, Janu- ary 1, 1853, 1 hence to Racine, Wisconsin, and in the spring of 1853 came with his parents to Jefferson township, Johnson county, Iowa; and in 1859 went to Racine, and in 1869 he came to Iowa City, and worked upon the Bohemian paper started by his father and Joseph P. Pisha, and finally bought an interest in the paper that he had successfully edited. He was married August 30, 1869, to Miss Mary Lenoch, of Monroe twp. This union is blessed with one child living, John B. Mr. L. is a democrat in politics, and has alwa3^s taken an active part in the welfare of his party, especially among his nationality. He has held several offices in the city; at present a member of the Iowa City school board, and a member of the city council for six years. His paper is one of the official organs of John- son county, and the only Bohemian paper in the State of Iowa. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. S6'S M. LEVY, a resident of Iowa City, and proprietor of the St. James res- taurant; was born September 19, 1837, in Strausburg Alsace, France. He was married November 15, 1863, to Miss Pauline Jonas of Peufelt, Alsace, France. They have one child, Ferdinand, now a young man of promise. Mr. Levy came to America in 1871, was one of the unfortunate victims of the Chicago fire. He came to Iowa City after the fire and by the assistance of the Hon. M. Bloom, whose hand is always open as a melting day with charity, and a heart as warm as a mother's love with sympathy for suffering and afflicted humanity, he soon found employ- ment and support for himself and family. He is a member of the German lodge of the I. O. O. F. of Iowa City, and of the German lodge A. O. U. W. of Iowa City. He has secured a host of good friends by his gentle- manly and courteous treatment of his patrons, and a better place for refreshments cannot be found in Iowa City. AUGUST LENZ, a resident of Iowa City, a stone and brick mason; was born in Germany in 1824. He served six years in the German army, and then came to America, and settled in Johnson county, in Iowa City, in 1857, having lived five years in New Jersey and two years in Philadel- phia. He was married in 1853 to Miss Caroline Haganbucker, a native of Baden, Germany. They have six children: x\nnie, Daniel, Sophia, August, Lizzie, and Carrie. He is a member of the German lodge No. 129, I. O. O. F., Iowa City; has been a member since 1853 in good stand- ing. He speaks the English, German, and Bohemian languages. He has the contract for putting in the foundation for the stand pipe and reservoir for the water-works of Iowa City. JOHN LENZ, a farmer and stock-raiser, Lincoln township, post- office, Lone Tree; was born in Germany May 24, 1844; came to America in 1857; landed in New York City; settled in Iowa in 1862. He was married in February, 1870, to Miss Katharine Frank of Muscatine county, Iowa. They have four boys and two girls: George, Peter, Fred Bernhardt, Mary, and Katharine. Mr. Lenz is a democrat in politics, and with his family attends the Lutheran Church at Lone Tree. He voted against the prohibitory constitutional amendment. He haj held the office of road supervisor for a number of years. ANTONE LINDER. The subject of this sketch was born Aug. 12, 1823, in Prussia; came to America, Oct. 14, 1849. Settled in Iowa City in 1852. He was married in 1852, in Iowa City, to Miss Catharine Hieder They have a family of the following children: Carl, born Sept. 21, 1855; Bertha, born Oct. 12, 1857; Mary, born Sept. 21, 1859; Willie, born Oct. 12, 1861; Albert, born Oct. 3, 1865; Katie, born Nov. 15, 1867; Emma, born April 27, 1869; Leo, born June 11, 1877, and died Feb. 29, 1882. JOEL LIGHTNER, a resident of Iowa City and a dr}- goods merchant doing business on the corner of Clinton and Washington streets, first door S64 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. south of the Johnson County Savings Bank; was born Feb. 8, 1840, in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. He came to Iowa and settled in Iowa City, in 1866. His business house is one of the best in Iowa City for dry goods, motions, carpets, etc. He was jmarried Oct. 12, 1869, to Miss Emma E. Johnson, daughter of Rolla Johnson of Tiffin, Iowa. They have one child, Maud. He was a soldier in the Federal army serving in a Pennsyl- vania regiment at the time when the Confederates attempted to live oft' of Pennsylvania. He is an independent in politics. A member of the Masonic fraternity and the A. O. U. W., of Iowa City. He is secretary of the Johnson County Agricultural Society, a member of the Board of Trade of Iowa City and a member of the Episcopal Church of Iowa Cit}'^. JACOB LININGER, minister of the Church of God. The subject of this sketch was born on the 26th day of February, 1817, in Cum- berland county, Pennsylvania. His father, Conrad Lininger, died when Jacob was onlv three years old. At the age of fifteen he worked for his board and went to school three months, which was all the schooling he ever had. He then worked by the day and month until 1833, went to Mechan- icsburg to learn blacksmithing; the smoke of the coal so aftected him that he quit. Then went to his brother's and remained with him until the 28th day of March, 1835, when he was married to Miss Elizabeth Moni- smith of Cumberland county. To them were born eleven children, nine are still living: John, Sarah, Jacob, David, Samuel, Rebecca, Henry, Joseph and Martin. In 1840 he went to Blair county, and from then until 1849 he preached in that county, Huntington and Bedford. From there he came to Iowa and settled in Johnson county. When he arrived here he had thirty dollars all told, entered a piece of land, paid that much on it. That winter he made twelve thousand fence rails and stakes to pay bal- ance. In 1853 he moved to his land. He was then given by the elder- ship of the Church of God, charge of seven counties, preaching eighteen times in three weeks. Followed his calling for a few years. And then went to farming and preaching as a local preacher. On the 11th day of May, 1879, his wife died. On the 26th day of February, 1880, he was again married to Mrs. Elizabeth Doner. After his marriage he sold his land to Jacob, Jr., and Joseph his sons. And he now resides in Penn township. MARTIN E. LININGER, farmer, post-office, ^North Liberty; was born in this county July 17, 1855; is the son of Elder Jacob Lininger, and was raised on a farm. On the 11th day of October, 1877, he was married to Miss Susan J. Anderson, daughter of John A. Anderson, deceased, of this county. They have one child, Orville P., born October 25, 1881. He owns 120 acrces of well improved land in section 15, and 18 acres of timber; he follows farming and stock-raising. Mr. Lininger is a member of the Church of God; is a republican in politics and voted for the amend- ment, and is a member of White Marble Lodge, No. 238, A. F. and A. M. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 865 J. W. LOAN, farmer, livin<^ in Pleasant Valley, post-office, Iowa City; was born February 25, 1S52, in the state of Michigan; came to Iowa City in 1855, and engaged in farming and has followed that occupation since. He was married September 22, 1872, to Miss Susie Brown, of Iowa City. They have three children: Berthie W., Lewie W., and Delia. Mr. Loan is a republican in politics and is a quiet and industrious citizen, highly respected by all who know him. CHARLES M. LODGE, a resident of Iowa City; was born January 24, 1847, in New Lisbon, Ohio; came to Iowa in October, 1856, enlisted in May, 1862, in company K, 22d regiment Iowa volunteer infantr}'^, as a drummer boy, and served during the war, was with his regiment in every engagement. He was married May 5, 1878, to Miss Angle V. Hill, of Iowa City; they have two children: Olive E. and Roland C. A republi- can in politics, was the republican candidate for county clerk in 1876 and 1878, but unsuccessful. He is now in the U. S. railway mail service. PETER LONG, a farmer, residing in Penn township, post-office, North Liberty; was born January 15, 1820, in Blair county, Pennsyl- vania; settled in Johnson county in October, 1850, and bought the farm upon which he now resides. He was married in February 1845, to Miss Sarah Hopkins, of Blair county, Pennsylvania. They have five children: Margaret Jane, Mary Ann, Luther, Joseph, Emma F. Is a republican in politics; has held the offices of township trustee and member school board. He is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. SAMUEL LORD, a resident of Scott township, in section 17; post- office Iowa City; was born in Hancock county, Maine, September 1, 1826, and is by occupation a farmer and stock raiser. He went to Cali- fornia in 1850, and remained there about two years; he then returned to his native state, and engaged in the lumber business. In 1857 he went to the Province of New Brunswick, and was there engaged in the lumber business until 1860, when he returned to his native state and resided until he settled in this county in 1870; since that time he has been engaged in farming and stock raising. He was married in 1855 to Miss Emma Smith, of Maine. They have two children: Annie and Frank, the daughter graduated at the high school at Iowa City 1880. CHAUNCEY F. LOVELACE, architect and builder, Iowa City; was born June 23, 1828, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He is of Welch origin ; his ances- ters immigrated to America early in the last century. At sixteen years of age he was apprenticed to Andrew Clyde a draughtsman and house builder of Cincinnati, and after three years, faithful serving, he immigrated to Iowa City and engaged at his trade. He has drawn the plans for many public buildings, including the New State University building; the J'ohnson county court house, the college for the blind at Vinton, etc. He was married in 1851, to Miss Sarah L. Clark of New Jersey. He is a 866 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. republican in politics. In 1862 he enlisted in the 22d Iowa Infantry and was made 1st lieutenant and assistent quartermaster, in which capacity he served until the fall of Vicksburg, when he resigned on account of sick- ness in his famil3\ He re-enlisted in 1864, and was made commissar}^ of subsistence with the rank of captain in the army of the Cumberland, head quarters at Nashville; he served until January, 1866, then 'returned to Iowa City. He is one of the stockholders and directors of the Johnson county Savings Bank. ALEXANDER LOVE, farmer, post-office Iowa City; was born in Coshockton county, Ohio, July 8,1848. Settled in Iowa City in June, 1854. Was married April 20, 1875, to Miss Mary Jane O'Neil. She was born in Providence, R. 1., May 2, 1851, and came to Johnson county with her parents when about six years of age. They have two children, Annie Maud, born February 4, 1876, and Mabel, born December 16, 1878. Mr. Love lives on section 27. In politics he is a republican. CHAS. A. LUCAS, a farmer and stock raiser, residing on section 33 Graham township; post-office address Oasis; was born in 1836, in Belgium, a son of John B. and Mary Lucas, of Lucas township. Came to Amer- ica in July, 1859, and settled in Graham township. He was married in 1867, to Miss Mary Bowyer, daughter of Chas. and Mary Bowyer, of Loraine, France. They have four children, two boys and two girls. He was a faithful soldier in the late civil war, enlisting Aug. 16, 1862, and served until the close of the war. Dec. 16, 1862, he was commissioned 2d lieutenant compan}' D, 24th regiment Iowa volunteer infantry; Sept. 5, 1864, promoted to 1st lieutenant, and Nov. 2, 1864, was made captain. He was not without experience in the military line. He served five years in the Belgiam army as sergeant major. EDWARD K. Ll^CAS, a resident of Iowa City; was born Aug. 14, 1855, in Iowa City, son of the Hon. E. W. Lucas. He graduated from the law department of the State University of Iowa in the class of 1877, and began the practice of law in Iowa City in partnership with his brother Robert. He was secretary of the Johnson County Agricultural and Mechanical Society in 1880 and 1881. He is a democrat in politics, and always takes an active part in the interests of the party. He is spoken of as a candidate for mayor of Iowa City for 1883, on the democratic ticket. HON. E. W. LUCAS, a farmer and the present representative in the Iowa Legislature from Johnson county, and a son of Governor Lucas, first territorial Governor of Iowa; was born September 13, 1825, in Pike county, Ohio. He first came to Johnson county in 1840; he was married September 29, 1852, to Miss Phoebe A. Clark, at Des Moines, Iowa, a sister of the Hon. E. Clark, of Iowa City. This union is blessed with three children, living: Robert, Edward K., and Clark S. He was a soldier in the late civil war as Lieutenant Colonel of the Fourteenth Regiment Iowa HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 867 Volunteer Infantry, commissioned October 80, 1861, and was taken pris- oner at the battle of Shiloh, Tennessee, April 6, 1862, and was paroled from Libby prison, October 13, 1862; he entered the service again after he was exchanged, and resigned in 1863 to organize a cavalry regiment, but Iowa's quote of cavalry was full. He was postmaster of Iowa City for twenty-five months; appointed under Johnson administration in April, 1867, and was removed by U. S. Grant in May, 1869. A democrat in politics, and was elected a member of the legislature of Iowa from Johnson county, and served in the General Assembly of 1881-82. He was one ot the original members of the first agricultural society of Johnson count}^ and was its president at one time; he takes a great deal of interest in fine stock ; has now fifteen head of fine horses, forty-five or fifty head of fine Short-horn cattle. He has a fine orchard of about four hundred trees and all kinds of small fruits. He is a member of the Iowa State Improved Stock Breeders Association; he is a member of the Masonic bodies of Iowa City. JUDGE Z. C. LUSE, of the Iowa City 'Bus Line; was born in Mercer county, Pennsj'lvania, January 23, 1826. A republican in politics. He was married March 9, 1852, to Miss Jane A. Henry, of Crawford county, Pennsylvania. He came to Iowa City in 1855, where he has made his home continually; he was appointed county judge in 1864, b}^ a demo- cratic board of supervisors to fill the vacancy occasioned by Judge Wil- liams' resignation, to enter the army during the time he was count}^ judge; the county recorder, who was also county treasurer, died, and the judge attended to the duties of both those office for quite a while, until his health failed; the judge enjoyed quite an extensive law practice; he was city solicitor during the same time he was county judge; he refused a nomina- tion for judge from the hands of the Republican party, because of exten- sive office business. He became a Mason in 1858, and is a member of all the Masonic bodies in Iowa City in 1858 was elected Grand Junior Warden, was Grand Treasurer in 1864 of the Grand Lodge of Iowa, and was elected Grand Master in 1877; he is Past Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter of Iowa, and the owner of a choice Masonic library of many years accumulation. In 1869 he made a trip to the Pacific coast; he returned much improved in health, and in 1873 ,he, 'and his son Frank engaged in raising fine stock; he was president of Iowa Improved Stock Breeders Association in 1881. M. R. LUSE; was born November 8, 1835, in West Greenville, Mer- cer county, Pennsylvania; settled in Johnson county, August 26, 1858, and engaged in the auction and commission business m Iowa City the same year. He was married May 29, 1861, to Miss Sada V. Mahana; they had two children: Miller M. and Ida, both dead; his wife is a daughter of Capt. B. Mahana, who raised the first company of infantry, called the Washington Guards, and tendered the service of his company to Gov. 868 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Kirk wood. Mr. Luse was first lieutenant of that company; they did ser- vice at Fort Randall, Dakota territor}^; they left Iowa City November 1, 1861, and marched to Fort Randall. In 1862 he came to Iowa City, got his family and spent the summer at Fort Randall; the winter of 1863-64. Captain B. Mahana commanded Fort Peri with sixty-five men, and first Lieutenant M. R. Luse commanded Fort LeCrombie, with thirty-six men; he was mustered out of service November 30, 1864; he was in the Sully expedition to the Yellowstone. Mr. and Mrs. Luse are members of the M. E. Church of Iowa City, and is a member of the Masonic Lodges of Iowa City, the A. O. U. W., Iowa City Lodge, No. 4, and the Legion of Honor, and is a republican in politics. STEPHEN LUSE, farmer, post-office, Oxford; was born in Butler county, Pennsylvania, March 4, 1823, and remained there until 1851, and was engaged in farming. He then came to Iowa and staid a few months; then went to California, and lived on the Pacific coast twelve years, and was engaged in mining. He then returned to Oxford and purchased land and has since paid his attention to farming and raising stock, and now owns 600 acres of land. He was married November 7, 1878, to Margaret E. Kepford, a native of Pennsylvania, but came to Iowa when young. She is a daughter of John Kepford of North Bend. They have two children, viz: Ralph K. and Clara V. CHRISTOPHER LUTHER, blacksmith, Oxford, Iowa; was born in Germany, October 5, 1849; at the age of seven came to America with his parents, Christopher, Sr., and Frances, and settled in Iowa City, where they remained sixteen years. At the age of fifteen he commenced the blacksmith trade, which he has since followed, and worked in Iowa City until 1872, when he came to Oxford and started a shop, and is doing a good business; has about $1,600 invested. He was elected member of the town council in the spring of 1881, and re-elected in 1882, also mem- ber of school board. He was married October 4, 1873, to Ellen Curtis, a native of New York, and have three children living. J. H. LUTZ, farmer, post-office. Lone Tree; was born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, May 20, 1828. He spent his early life in Pennsyl- vania, and in 1855 emigrated to Illinois with his father, and lived near Galesburg, until 1859, when he came to Johnson county and settled in section 22, Fremont township, where he now lives, this then being a wild prairie. He improved his farm, and now owns 285 acres of fine land and has good buildings and a very pleasant home. He was married May 27, 1848, to Miss Martha J. Latta, a native of Washington county, Pennsyl- vania. They had eleven children, ten still living, viz: Allien, now Mrs. Benjamin F. Owen; Mary A., Joseph J., Kate, James H., Cora, Rachel, Charles, Frank, and Ella Belle; and John H., deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Lutz are members of the Reform Church. Mr. Lutz commenced poor, 1 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 869 and has by industry and economy accumulated quite a handsome estate and has a very pleasant family. CAPTAIN BRADLEY MAHANA, was born March 1, 1806, in Hop wood," Fayette county, Pennsylvania; died September 11, 1874, in Iowa City. He was married September 1, 1827, to Miss Catharine Seals, of Waynesburg, Pennsylvania. This union was blessed with the follow- ing named children: Amanda M., wife of John D, Patterson of Greene county, Pennsylvania; John O., a dry goods merchant, and President Western Mutual Aid Association at Des Moines, Iowa; James S., a merchant in Iowa City; Harriet, a young lady who died at Waynesburg, Pennsylvania; Sada V., wife of M. R. Luse, boot and shoe merchant of Iowa City; Richard, who lives in Beatrice, Nebraska; William D., who lives in Davenport, Iowa, an express messenger on the C. R. I. & P. R. R.; Bradley B., a merchant, living in Iowa City, and partner with James in the paint store; Frank, a painter living in Iowa City; Kittie, age fifteen, who died in Iowa City. Captain M. resided in Waynsburg, Pennsylva- nia, from 1827 to 1855, and settled in Iowa City in April, 1855. He was a democrat in politics. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Iowa City; he was fond of military life; he was commissioned Captain of the Washington Blues, and attached to the Highland Brigade of Pennsylvania, by Gov. D. R. Porter in 1842. He was again commis- sioned in 1849, by Gov. W. F. Johnson, and again by Gov. Bigelow, in 1854. He was brigade inspector of the State of Pennsylyvania fourteen yerrs. His long military service under the militia organization of Pensyl- vania, qualified him with the tact, skill and military experience needed in his duties in the late civil war. When the war for the preservation of the Union was necessary, he was among the first to offer his sword and ser- vice in defence of the Federal union and the stars and stripes. He was Captain of a volunteer company in Iowa City. His services were accepted by the Governor and he marched to the front under the 75,000 call, and was in company B, first regiment of Iowa volunteer infantry. At the expira- tion of that enlistment, he came back to Iowa City and raised another company, and was elected its captain; and was assigned to company B, fourteenth regiment Iowa volunteer infantry; then became company B, forty-first infantry; and May 14, 1863, was transferred to and became company L, seventh regiment Iowa volunteer cavalry; and was dis- charged Nov. 30, 1864. He enjoyed the confidence of his men and was highly respected by his brother officers. He was a Mason for thirty-five years and held many offices of honor, profit and trust in the order, and his funeral was conducted by that benevolent body with the usual ceremony in a very satisfactory manner, characteristic of that brotherhood. His last sickness began Aug. 31, 1874, and his last words were, "All is well." And so it was with the brave old soldier who had lived an exemplary chris- 55 870 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. tian life, full of good deeds woven with acts of sympathetic kindness, in all parts he played on the stage of human action. MATHEW MAHER, a resident of Iowa City, doing business at No. 12 North Clinton street, of plumbing, gas ^nd steam fitting; was born Feb. 14, 1827, in Tipperar}', Ireland. Came to Americain April, 1849, and to Iowa Cit}?^ in 1865. He was married Feb. 14, 1849, to Miss Anna Phillipp, of Sheffield, England, They have seven children, five of whom are living: Mary, wife of Henry Sullivan; Sarah A., wife of William Murphy of Iowa City; Joseph, Mathew and Margaret. The family are members of the St. Patrick Roman Catholic Church of Iowa City. He is a republican in politics. DENNIS MAHONEY, farmer section fourteen, post-office Oxford; was born in Ireland, March 12, 1848, and came to America when two years of age with his parents, John and Margaret Mahoney, and came to Johnson county in 1859. He owns 120 acres of land, pays his attention to farming and raising stock. He was married March 10, 1870, to Mary Berry, a native of New York; they have five children: Nellie, Joseph, Dennis, James and Margaret. Mr. Mahoney is at present one of the township trustees and in faith is a Catholic. THOMAS H. MADISON, a resident of Iowa City, was born Decem- ber 3, 1858, in Kane county, Illinois; came to Iowa City in 1880, and was clerk at the Palace Hotel until June 1, 1882, when he opened up business for himself at the Central House, near the deoot of the C, R., I. & P. R. R., where he keeps constantly on hand refreshments of the best grade. He is a member of the U. O. of H. of Iowa City. He is independent in politics. SAMUEL W. M AGILE, a resident of Iowa City, on Dubuque street; was born March 25, 1805, in Baltimore, Maryland. He came to Iowa City in 1847 and engaged in the merchant tailoring business. He was married February 23, 1826, to Miss Percilla Beall, of Cumberland, Mary- land. They have four living children: William C, born October 18, 1832, married and hving in Cedar Rapids; John S., born March 15, 1837; Marion M., born March 10, 1840; Samuel T., born September 3, 1842; Mary L., wife of Wesley Morsman, born March 30, 1845, and living at Clarinda, Iowa. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Iowa City, and his wife is a member of the same church, with which they have been connected as devout and faithful members for sixty years. They have lived together fifty-six years in peaceful wedded bliss. He is a member of No. (5, I. O. O. F., Iowa City. A greenbacker in politics, formerly a democrat, but always in favor of the Federal union, a demo- cratic form of government, and a full republican representation on the part of the people. He is a poet of no ordinary ability and very sarcastic in his burlesque powers. His poem on the origin and growth of Oddfel- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 871 lowship is worthy of notice. He has filled the offices of township trustee and clerk, and was a member of the city council and served on the school board in 1854. JAMES M ALLOY, a farmer, resides in Hardin township, section 35; was born in November, 1830, in Ireland; came to America in 1853, and to Johnson county in 1856; settled in Hardin township in 1858. He was married in July, 1860, to Miss Mary Rooney, of Hardin township. The}^ have five children: Fannie, James, Maggie, Mary S. and Katie. The family are members of the Roman Catholic Church at Windham. Is democratic in politics. He has a well stocked farm of 331 acres; well improved; hogs and corn are his specialties. WILLIAM E. MARVIN, farmer, Oxford; was born in this township December 2, 1840, and was the first white child born in what is now Oxford township, his parents, Charles and Eliza Marvin coming here April 10, 1830, from Richland county, Ohio, and staked out their claim in section 21. Here the subject of our sketch was raised, and endured all the hardships of pioneer life, and consequently had not the advantages of a good school. He was married March 25, 1862, to Caroline C. Saxton, daughter of John Saxton, who came to Johnson county, in 1853. He fol- lowed farming until 1867, when he sold dry-goods and groceries where he now lives, and the following year opened up a general stock of dry- goods and groceries in Oxford in partnership with Joseph Douglass, being the first store in Oxford. He continued in business until 1876. He then sold out to Mr. Miftet, but still continued as postmaster until January, 1880. Since then he has paid his attention to farming, and now owns 368 acres of land and has a fine farm residence. They have seven children, viz: Joel B., Theodore C, Josie L., William E , Cora M., Clark W., and Daniel He is a member of Canopy Lodge, No. 290, A. F. & A. M. at Oxford. GEORGE L. MASTON, a farmer residing in Oxford township, post- office, Oxford; was born June 15, 1853, at Saratoga Springs, New York. Came to Iowa City, 1856, remained there four months and then moved to Coralville, where he lived five years; after a short time he settled in Oxford township, where he has made his home ever since. His father is living, aged sixty-four, and his mother aged fort3'-five, both residing in Oxford township. He has a brother named Charles, aged twenty- four; a sister Marguretta C. that died July 20, 1880, age three years and four months; and Elizabeth V. died in 1881, age eighteen years and nine months. GEORGE. D. MATHEWSON, creamery and it^g shipping estab- lishment at Morse; was born in Berlin, Connecticut, in 1853. He left there when two years old with his parents and went to Oxford, Heniy county, Illinois, and remained there seven years, when they moved to Winnebago county, Illinois. Remained there until 1870, when he came to Central 872 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. City, Linn county, Iowa, and in 1874 entered Western College and graduated there in 1881. Prior to his graduation he was elected principal of Coal Valley graded school — this was in 1879. He was principal one year and then went to Moline, Illinois, where he studied law with Messrs Browning & Entrikin. He was admitted to the barin Davenport in Feb., 1881, and in March, 1881, came to Morse, Graham township, and started with his brother in the creamery business. He is a member of the United Brethren Church. L. A. McCONNELL, a resident of Iowa City and a son of Joseph McConnell, deceased. His father came to Iowa City, in 1856, is of Irish Quaker ancestry, who founded a home in old Virginia and afterwards in Ohio, and then back to Pennsylvania, where Joseph was born and learned the trade of miller. He was married in 184:1: to Miss Edith Rogers, of Chester county, Pennsylvania. They have five children, three were taken away in close succession by scarlet fever and the family was nar- rowed to a widow and two stout sons to bear the sorrow that came to the household by the death of Joseph McConnell. The shadows of sorrow was borne with patience and faith, peculiar to the good old Quaker blood. Joseph McConnell was active in his business and was always found identified with [all public improvements and enterprises, a faithful chris- tian, an honest and upright citizen, was respected b}- all who knew him. He was an unwavering friend, a wise father and a kind husband. The widow and two sons entered the heritage of a good name and a blame- less life upon the death of Mr. McC. L. A. McConnell has for a long time been connected with the B. C. R. & N. R. R., and has secured many warm friends by his gentlemanly conduct in all business transactions. JEREMIAH McCarthy, farmer, post-office. Lone Tree: was born in County Cork, Ireland, July 21, 1829, and in 1818 came to America, and lived in New York State a few years, and came to Johnson county the spring of 1856, and lived in Iowa City for a number of years, and in 1874 bought 170 acres of land in Fremont township, where he now lives. He was married May, 1852, to Mary McNamara, also a native of Ireland, county Clare; she dying April 7, 1872, leaving nine children: Jeremiah, now in Dakota; Katherine, Charles, Mary A., Dennis, John, Margaret E., Daniel and Hannora. D. E. McCLELLAN, merchant and postmaster, at Oasis; born in Niagara county. New York; went to Michigan in 1836, and was married in 1859 to Miss Cornelia P. Hannon, of Michigan; while living there had one daughter; came from there to Johnson county, Iowa, in 1865, and set- tled in Scott township; ^moved to West Branch and lived there until 1878, when he moved to Oasis and started in the general mercantile business; he was appointed postmaster at Oasis in 1878, by President Hayes. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 873 H, B. McCULLOUGH, railroad ajrent, River Junction; was born in Tuscararas county, Ohio, Aui^ust 29, 1837, and when he was five years of agehis parents, Samuel and Sarah, emigrated to Iowa City, where he spent his early life and attended the State University, the first term. In 1859 he went to Buchanan county, where he lived thirteen years, with the excep- tion of 1864, he spent in Colorado; he then went to Ohio and was time- keeper in the railroad shops at Dennison, and in 1873 he came to River Junction and took the position of railroad agent, where he still remains. He owns a farm of 160 acres in Adams county, this State; after coming to the Junction he owned a store, which was burned in 1874, losing about $1,500 thereby. He was married November 28, 1862, to Miss Rose McElwain, a native of this county, daughter of A. T. McElwain, one of the early settlers, having come to this county in 1838. This union has been blessed with four children: Willie, Aggie T., Ora Belle, and Jessie V. Mr. McCnllough is a member of the A. F. and A. M., at River Side, No. 259; also of the A. O. U. W. 105, at same place. CHARLES W. McCUNE, farmer and stock raiser, post-office Solon; was born in Jeflerson county, N. Y., Oct. 16, 182 J, and in 1833 removed to Summit county, Ohio, and to Iowa in 1841, and settled in Big Grove township, where he took a claim and has since resided. In 1850 he went to California, and returned in 1851. He then commenced buying and shipping stock and was the largest shipper in the county for some years. In 1876 he bought some fine miported Short-horns, and since then has been breeding and raising fine stock. In 1876 he was elected to the leg- islature, and served one term. In January, 1882, he was appointed agent of the land department by Secretary Kirkwood, and assigned to Minnesota and remained there four months, when he resigned. He was married July 5, 1846, to Miss Phoebe L. Sutlifi; of Trumbull county, Ohio. They have nine children, viz: Austin S., Helen, now Mrs. M. S. Shirclifl', Emily, now Mrs. Hickox, Harvey S., Ann, now Mrs. Coats, Mamie, William, Charles and Leonard. JOHN P. McCUNE, farmer and stock breeder. Cedar township, post- office Solon; was born in Jefierson county, N. Y., Nov. 28, 1819, and spent his boyhood there until he was seventeen, when he emigrated to Ohio with his parents, William and Sally McCune, both natives of Vermont, and settled in Summit county. There the subject of our sketch lived until 1839, when he took a trip down the Mississippi river, and finally came to Iowa, and settled in Johnson county in March, 1840, and took a claim in Big Grove township, and moved to Cedar township in 1851, where he now owns 765 acres of fine land. He has a fine stone residence and pays considerable attention to breeding and raising fine stock. He was married Nov. 28, 1844, to Electa R. Sutliff, a native of Trumbull county, Ohio, and a daughter of Allen C. and Nancy Sutlift', who came to Cedar township in December, 1838. They have twelve children, seven 874 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. now living, viz: Harriet, now married to L. Clark, Tully S., Dora, now married to Geo. Hagea, William J., Edith B., now Mrs. M. Umdenstock, Helen E. and Nanc}^ M. HUGH McCREERY, lumber dealer, Oxford, Iowa; was born in Ire- land, June 4, 1831. At the age of eighteen he came to America and first settled in Muskingham county, Ohio, where he lived about two years, and came to Johnson county in 1852, and engaged in farming. He moved to Oxford in 1876, and engaged with J. W. Wilson in the lumber trade; Wilson selling out the spring of 1881, the business is now conducted by McCreery & O'Brien. He was married April 29, 1858, to Miss Elizabeth E. O'Brien, a native of Monroe county, Indiana. They have six children living, viz: James P., John R., Martha I., Elmira R., Robert G. and David B.; and three dead. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. and of the M. E. Church. E. McDonnell, farmer and stock-raiser, Solon; was born in Ireland, March 31,1824, and emigrated to America in 1845, and settled on the farm he now lives on, and where he owns 160 acres, all well improved, which he has made himself; he now raises considerable stock. He was married October 28, 1860, to Martha Moran, a native of Lorain county, Ohio; she dying May 20, 1875, leaving six children: Mary M., Helen E., Willie R., Amelia, Cecelia A. and Augusta J., now deceased. Mr. McDonnell was one of the original members of the Catholic Church in Solon, and one of the building committee in^erecting the new brick church, and also treasurer of the building fund. MICHAEL McINNERY, a merchant doing business on Washington street, in Iowa City; was born February 29, 1824; came to America and landed in Boston in 1845. He was married in 1857 to Miss Mary Dohney of Iowa City; settled in Iowa City in 1854, and engaged in mercantile busi- ness. His family consists of the following children: Eliza, Frank J., Thomas J., George and Ella, living; John and Mary A., are dead; his wife died September 10, 1882, of consumption. He was a soldier in the Federal army in the Mexican war in the ordnance department, and was wounded at the battle of Chepultepec and Mexico. He enlisted in Augusta, Maine, and served five years. He is a member of the St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church, and is independent in politics. JAMES M AGRUDER, farmer, post-office, River Junction. Our work would be incomplete without the sketch of James Magruder, the oldest set- tler now living in Fremont township. He was born in Chesterfield county, Virginia, April 19, 1818, where he spent his boyhood days, and at the age of eighteen he went to St. Joseph county, Indiana, where he spent nearly three years, and worked at the carpenter's trade. In 1838 he came to Johnson county and settled in what is now Fremont township, with David Sweet and William Kelso. He was married November 15, 1839, to Ruth HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 875 Stover, a native of Wayne county, Indiana, and daughter of Joseph and Easter Stover; since their marriage they have lived on the land Mr. Magruder first entered from the government, and now owns 160 acres of land; he has always raised considerable stock, and has taken many first premiums at our fairs on horses and other stock. He has been a member of the county agricultural society for years, and has never missed an election except the one of June 27th, when he was sick. He has lour children living, viz.: John W., George M., James M. and Martha J., now Mrs. Nelson. He still holds his membership with the Universalist Church. GEORGE MAGRUDER, farmer, post-oflice. River Junction; was born in this township, June 5, 1845, and is a son of James and Ruth Magruder who came here the spring of 1839. The subject of our sketch has always lived and followed the occupation of a farmer, getting only a common school education. He now owns 140 acres of land. He was married Jan. 2, 1872, to Miss Annie Shepherd, a native of Indiana. They have three children, only one now living: Elma, born Nov. 30, 1873. ARTHUR MEDOWELL, the present competent, efficient and honest republican auditor of Johnson county, Iowa; was born July 10, 1842, in Ashland county, Ohio, settled in Johnson county, in October, 1842. He was married Nov. 27, 1878, to Miss Mollie A. Hall of Johnson county, Iowa. They have one child named Harry, born June 25, 1880, a dear little fellow, the mirth and joy of their domestic circle. He was educated in Iowa City, and took a commercial course at Bryant & Stratton's College in Chicago, Illinois; graduated in the spring of 1862. He fought and bled for his country in company D, forty-fourth Iowa regiment. The republican party placed him upon their ticket and he was elected for auditor by the good round majority of 192. At that election 5,040 votes were cast, 2,616 for Medowell and 2,424 for Carl Vogt. He was elected in 1881 by forty-three majority over George Koo.its; the vote was much less this year than in 1879 — ^the vote in 1881, being for governor, 4,337, for auditor, 4,336; the republican governor got 1,918 votes, while Mr. Medowell, the republican candidate for county auditor, got 2,121, being 291 votes ahead of his ticket. He is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows societies of Iowa City. He is the only republican that ever car- ried Big Grove and Cedar township, for a county office. His father beat him in Cedar only, taken all the votes in 1847, while Arthur was content with a good round majority when he ran for office. Previous to his elec- tion as auditor of Johnson county, was engaged in the drug business at Solon. HENRY MEDOWELL, a citizen and resident of Iowa City, and the father of Arthur Medowell, the present auditor of Johnson county; was born June 7, 1811, in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania; moved to Ash- 876 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. land county, Ohio, in 1820. He was married June 15, 1837, to Miss Mar- garet Hayden, of Ashland county, Ohio; he came to Johnson county, Iowa, and settled in what is now called Big Grove township, October, 1842, on section 26. They were blessed with two chilldren: Sarah E.,born Febru- ary 28, 1839, and was married to Charles A. Myers; they were blessed with two children: Mabel and Grace; she died in March, 1878. Arthur Medowell was born July 10, 1842, in Ashland county, Ohio. Mr. Mcdow- ell's wife died in the spring of 1882, and he makes his home with his only son. He was elected member of the county board of commissioner in August, 1847, and served three years; he was the only man that ever carried Big Grove and Cedar townships, as a candidate m opposition to the regular democratic candidate; he got every vote (seventeen in number) cast in Cedar township as against his opponent, Abner Arrow Smith; he was a candidate against Oilman Fulsom for the Legislature the first time Fulsom ran, and was defeated as a republican. He is still an ardent repub- lican; he held the office of township clerk and trustee alternately for six- teen years. FRANCIS X. MELLECKER, post-office, Oxford, was born in Ross county, Ohio, June 7, 1846. When he was quite young his parents moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where they lived ten years, when they moved to Johnson county, where the subject of our sketch has since resided, and has lived in Oxford five years. He was married November 3, 1875, to Lillie Adelsiam, a native of this State and county. They have three children. MATTHIAS MEYER, farmer, post-office, Solon; was born in Bavaria October 16, 1819, and lived there until 1853, when he came to America, and in the fall of 1854 came to Iowa City, where he worked several months; he then came to Big Grove township, and worked for the farmers, and in 1865 he bought 200 acres of land, where he now resides. He made the most of the brick for the Catholic Church in Solon; he has made all the improvements on his farm, buying it when raw prairie. He was married March 7, 1845, to Catherine Baker, also of Bavaria. This union has been blessed with seven children, viz: John, Joseph, Elizabeth, Jacob, Annie, Katie and Rosa. Mr. Meyer and family are devout Catholics. ANTONE MERLINE, a resident of Iowa City; born February 15, 1831, in Germany; came to America in 1849; Uved in Steuben county. New York, six years, then came and settled in Iowa .City in 1855. He was married in New York State in 1854 to Lousia Coblen. They have been blessed with three children: Vmcent, Frank and Louisa. Mr. Merline has been on the detective force for sixteen years. In 1864, while he was working in Lewis' building on Washington street, the scoflbld broke and threw him with three others to the ground, a distance of thirty- two feet, and by this accident he was so badly injured that he did no work for two years. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 877 JOSEPH MICHAEL, a farmer and stock raiser, residing in Newport township, post-office address, Iowa City; was born September 29, 1825, in Bavaria; came to America in 1858; landed in New York City, and came direct to Johnson county. He has lived twenty years on section 12, in Newport township. He was married in 1859 to Miss Margaret Doll, of Bavaria. They have eleven children: Nicholas Nathan, Frank Joseph, Flora S., Charlotte, Henry Carl, Peter, Margaret, John W, Henry Otto, Joseph, and Frederick. They are members of the Lutheran Church. He is a democrat in politics. He has a fine farm and orchard. VALENTINE MILLER, proprietor of Coral Mills, Coralville; is a native of Bavaria, where he was born July 12, 1836, and emigrated to America in 1855; stopped a few months in Rochester, New York, and came to Iowa City in August of same year, and worked for Clarke & Kirkwood nine years. He then went to Marshalltown and bought a mill, which he run six years. He then sold out and returned to Coralville, and bought the old mill, which was burned in 1872. He then, in company with William Kirkwood, built the Coral Mills, of which he is now the owner of a three-fourths interest. He was married July 27, 1863, to Minna Zeisler, a native of Germany. They have six children: William, Ida, Laura, Jennie, Freddie, and May. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the I. O. O. F. A.J. MILLER, hardware merchant, Oxford, Iowa; was born in West moreland county, Pennsylvania, September 21, 1830, where he spent his early hfe. He attended Mt. Pleasant College, where he graduated in 1849. He then resided at home until 1854, when he came to Iowa City, and engaged in the real-estate and stock business with good success, until July 8, 1861, when he enlisted as first lieutenant of company G, Sixth Iowa Infantry, and served in the 15th corps until October 26, 1864. From the capture of Vicksburg he served as captain until he was mustered out He then went to the oil regions of Pennsylvania one year, then returned to this county and farmed until the fall of 1875, when he came to Oxford, and engaged in the hardware and agricultural business. He was a char- ter member of White Marble lodge. No. 238, A. F. & A. M., and at pres- ent treasurer of Canopy Lodge, No. 290, at Oxford, also a leading mem- ber of Palestine Commandery, No. 2, at Iowa City, and has filled several township offices, and is one of Oxford's best and most social citizens. He was married August 23, 1863, to Miss Louisa McColin of Bahimore, Maryland, and have four children living. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are both consistent members of the Methodist Church. AARON P. MILLER, farmer, Monroe township, post-office, Western Linn county, Iowa; was born in Stark county, Illinois, August 8, 1846. Is the son of John and Mary A. Miller; his father is eighty-two years old. When Aaron was seven'years old, his parents came to Iowa, and first set- 878 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. tied near Iowa City; they sold their farm of 160 acres there and went to Buchanan county, lived there seventeen years; in 1869 they purchased 190 acres of land in this county in section 12, where Aaron now resides. About this time he went to Colorado, and there on the 13th of February, he was married to Miss Nellie Foote. To them were born two children: Mary C. and John P. He then returned to Iowa on account of wife's health, where she died on the 8th of October, 1880. He went again to Colorado, and married Miss Florence Kershner, formerly of Buchanan count}^, Iowa, July 22, 1881 ; he then returned to Iowa, and since that time has followed farming and stock-raising. Mr. Miller is a member of the I. O. O. F. ; has filled the office of clerk, assessor and justice of the peace, and is now the nominee for justice of the peace. He attended Western College and taught three terms of school in his district. JOHN B. MILLER, a resident of Iowa City, a tinsmith by trade; was born April 22, 1839, in Bavaria, Germany; came to America in 1839, landed in Baltimore, Maryland, and settled in Iowa City in July, 1855. He was married November 9, 1857, to Miss Josephine Rabas, of Iowa City. This union is blessed with three children: John W., William H., and Lotta. Member ot the Masonic societies of Iowa City, and the Legion of Honor. He has served ten years in the fire department, and is on the rolls as a life member. Retired from business in 1872. A democrat in politics. JOSEPH P. MILLER, a resident of Sharon township, post-office, Iowa City; was born March 22, 182-1, in Suminerset county, Pennsylvania. He was married December 17, 1843, to Miss Sarah Stutzman, of Fairfield county, Ohio. This union is blessed with five living children: Samuel J., Barbara J., Lucy A., wife of Jonas M. Miller; Catherine J., Nancy J. He came to Iowa and settled in Sharon township, Johnson county, in 1856. A republican in politics. Was a member of the board of supervisor from Sharon township under the law electing a member from each township; he has filled the offices of township trustee and treasurer of the school board for a great many years. He is a member of the Amish society of Sharon township — the society of Sharon township is divided into two dis- tricts of about forty families in each district. They have no church; they hold their meetings at the dwelling house of the members as convenience and the circumstance may justify, when they fix the time for religious services. ARNOLD C. MOON, M. D., a prominent physician and surgeon of Iowa City; was born March 22, 1817, in Stephenton, Renssellaer county. New York. He graduated from the Medical College at Albany, New York, in March, 1840. He was married in 1844. Manly B. Moon, M. D., of Iowa City, his son, was born May 24, 1851, in Knoxville, Ohio, and came to Iowa City with his parents in 1856. He graduated from the Medical Department of State University, March 4, 1874, and began prac- tice in Iowa City immediately. He was county physician for three years HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 879 and one of the attending surgeon at Mercy Hospital. Milton Moon, engaged in selling drugs and medicines at No. 25 Washington street, is another son. The}^ reside southwest corner ot Church and Dubuque streets. They have a well stocked and finely arranged drug store. The doctors have their office over the drug store and are enjoying a profitable practice in Iowa City and Johnson county. Dr. A. C. Moon is the oldest resident physician in the city, and by twenty-six years of faithful service to his patrons is enabled in his declining years to have all the patients possible for him to successfully treat. ALEXANDER L. MOREL AND, farmer, post-office. North Liberty; was born Feb. 20, 1842, in Franklin county, Pennsylvania. His parents came to Iowa in 1844, where he was raised on a farm and received his education in the common schools. On the 13th of August, 1863, he enlisted in the Twenty-eighth Iowa, Company E, under Captain David Stewart. He was discharged at Savannah, July 29, 1865. Was engaged in twelve battles: Port Gibson, Champion Hill, Vicksburg, Cane River, Red River campaign, Winchester and others. At Winchester he was wounded in the knee, which rendered him unfit for service for five months. On the 16th of September, 1868, he was married to Miss Mary Zeller, daughter of N. Zeller, Sen. To them have been born four children, three are living: Mamie C, Cora E. and Florence. Mr. Moreland owns 160 acres of prairie land in section twelve, well improved,"and seventy acres of timber, follows farming and stock raising. He belongs to no church, but holds to the principles of morality and is right strictly honest in all his dealings. His wife is a member of the Church of God. JOHN L. MORELAND, (deceased). The subject of this sketch was born in Perry county, Pennsylvania, March 3, 1807; is the son of Captain David Moreland, a native of Ireland, who was a soldier in the war of 1812. John L. was raised on a farm; he learned the trade of fuller and worked at that for a time. On the 28th day of March, 1833, he was married to Miss Catharine Hetrick, of the same county and State he was from; and his family consisted of six children, three are still living: Alex. L., William S. and Sarah E. In 1843 he moved to Illinois, lived there until the spring of 1845, when he came to Iowa and settled in this county on section 12, where he farmed for a number of years; he then built himself a comforta- ble home on the place, W. S. and A. L. taking charge of the farm. Mr. Moreland worked hani, gained a good competency. He was not a mem- ber of any church, but held to the general principles of religion, and believed more in works than in blind unreasoning faith. He died July 3, 1878. It may be truly said of him, though dead, yet speaketh. His widow survives him and still lives on the old homestead. AUTON MOROVORK, a resident of Madison township, post-office Shueyville; was born in January, 1834, at Richnow, Bohemia. He was married September 15, 1854, to Miss Anna Krislik, of Bohemia; his second 880 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. marriage was May 18, 1875, to Miss Josephine Klima. This union is blessed with four children: Frank, Anna, Mary and Anton. He came to America in 1876, and settled in Johnson county on the Iowa river, near Robert's Ferry, in 1881. He is a member of the Catholic Church, and a democrat in politics. FRED MOESSNER, a butcher, residing in Iowa City; was born May 13, 1839, in Wurtemberg, Germany. Came to America in July, 1854, landing in Baltimore, Md., and finally settled in Iowa City, Johnson county, Iowa, in 1856, and began work at his trade, and has carried on that business in Iowa City most of the time since. He served three months in the Union army, under Col. Frank P. Blair, in the first Mis- souri regiment, and was wounded in the left jaw and the right knee at the battle of Wilson Creek, Missouri. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, a democrat in politics, and a good citizen, a member of the German Lodge No. 129, I. O. O. F., and of the A. O. U. W.; also the German sporting society of Iowa City. He made a visit to his native land in 1882, and returned well pleased with the visit, but contented with America, Johnson county and especially Iowa City. MRS. MARY A. MORSE, the widow of E. K. Morse, residing on the old homestead near Morse station; was born in 1819 in Miami county, Ohio; left there at the age of nine years, and made her home at St. Joe, Indiania, until she was nineteen years of age; her maiden name was Mary A. Coe; she moved with her parents to Johnson county, Iowa, and resided in Iowa City four years, and then moved to Cedar county and lived there four years, and finally settled in Graham township. She married E. K. Morse in 1840, and has resided on the same farm since. This union is blessed with seven children: one son and six daughters. A. D. MORDOFF, a resident of Iowa City, a notary public, collection and insurance business on Washington street; was born April 2, 1820, in Monroe county. New York. He was married May 13, 1845, to Miss Louisa E. Carpenter, of Wyoming county, N. Y. The}^ have five chil- dren: Frank, who died June, 1879, Adelle, Louisa E., teacher in the Iowa City Academy, Lela, wife of E. C. Clapp of Shelby, Iowa, and Carrie E. The fam.ily are members of the Baptist Church of Iowa City. He is a republican in politics; has held the otfice of justice of" the peace three times. MOSES J. MORSEMAN, M. D., a retired physician of Iowa City; was born Mtiy 20, 1812, in Jefferson county. New York. Came to Iowa City in 1846, and engaged in the practice of medicine. He was married to Miss Mary M. Hubbard, of Castalia, Ohio. She was born June 2, 1819, in Oswego, N. Y., and died in Iowa City June 4, 1880. They have eight children living: Melvina A., Edgar M., Louisa A., Wesley W., Haley E., Albert, Herman A. and Dorman J. The Dr. is one of the physicians that passed through the cholera season of 1855 in Iowa City. \ HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 881 WILLIAM MULLEN, the present efficient superintendent of the poor farm of Johnson county, located in Union township, post-office, Iowa City; was born in Queen's county, Ireland, August 2, 1841; left there December 14, 1863, and landed in New York City December 28; moved to Rockford, Illinois, January, 1864, and lived there until he settled in Iowa City April IS, 1868. He was with the Iowa City Gas Company eleven years and six months. He is a democrat in politics and voted against the prohibitory constitutional amendment. In March, 1880, he was appointed superintendent of the poor farm by the board of supervisors of this county. He was married December 28, 1862, to Miss Katharine Whalen of Ire- land. They have seven children: Johh P., Annie S., Joseph, James, Mary, Katie and Francis. R. T. MULOCK, farmer, post-office Solon ; was born in Ireland, May 8, 1826, bat is of English descent. In 1834, his parents moved to Canada and settled near Toronto, where the subject of our sketch lived until 1849. He then came to the United States and went to the copper mines of north- ern Michigan, where he lived until 1876, and had charge of the erecting of machinery at the mines for a number of years, but the last few years was superintendent of "Porter Lake and Lake Superior Ship Canal", and lived in Houghton county. He then in 1876 came to Solon and settled on his farm of 93 acres, one mile southwest, and has one of the finest locations in the county, and a fine residence. He has been twice married, first Oct. 26, 1852, to Mary A. Conklin, of Canada; she dying April 14, 1870, leav- ing seven children, viz: William P., Vans L., Henry R., Sarah J., Mary E., Homer J. and Ella E. He was again married Oct. 6, 1872, to Rachel A. Payn, daughter of Joseph Payn, of Solon, They have two children living, viz: Josephine R. and Edwin H. Mr. Mulock is a Master Mason, also a member of the Methodist Church, but was brought up in the Episcopal faith. VALENTINE MYERS, farmer, Madison township, post-office. North Liberty ; was born February 16, 1828, in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania; is the son of Peter and Margaret Myers. His mother died in 1881; his father is living m Pennsylvania, and is 82 years old. Valentine has fol- lowed farming all his life, with the exception of two terms of school which he taught since he came to Iowa. In the spring of 1845 he came to Iowa and settled in Johnson county; first in section 36; he sold that, and pur- chased in Madison township, in section 11, where he now resides on 200 acres of well-improved land. On the 25th day of November, 1851, he was married to Mrs. Mar}^ Stover, widow of Moses Stover, and daughter of the venerable David Green. They have six children; five are yet living: John W., Frank D,, Emma, Samuel A., and Martha P . (twins). Mr. Myers follows farming and stock-raising; is a republican in politics, and voted for the amendment; is also a member of the Church of God; as also are his wife and children, save one. 882 HISTORY OP^ JOHNSON COUNTY. DANIEL MYERS, farmer, section 12, post-office, Oxford; was born in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, March 3, 1837, and is of German extraction. He spent his early life in his native county on a farm, until he was seventeen; he then worked at the carpenter trade two years; then farmed until 1865, when he came to Iowa and settled in Johnson county; he now owns 240 acres of fine land, and has it well improved, and devotes his time to farming and raising stock. He was married May 13, 1856, to Susannah Acker, of Blair county, Pennsylvania, and have nine children living, and six dead. Those living are: John A., Adam, Elizabeth, Jacob, Dewald, Abraham, Sarah, Susan, and David S. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and has served as township trustee several terms; also, other township offices. MORANT MEYER, farmer, post-office, .Bon x'\ccord; was born in Germany, March 17, 1844; came to Iowa and to Johnson county, in June of 1872. Mr. Meyer was married June 21, 1875, to Mrs. Barbara Schraeder, widow of John Schraeder. She was born in Bavaria, Ger- many, in 1838; came to Johnson county in 1842 with her father's family, and located in Big Grove township. Of her first marriage Mrs. Meyer has five children, as follows: Mary, Joseph, John, Katie and Annie. Of the second union there are three children: Morant J., Susanna B. and Louisa M. Mr. Me3'er is a member of the Catholic Church. Politics, democratic. ISAAC MYERS, a resident and farmer in Penn township, post- office North Liberty; was born Sept. 18, 1841. Settled in Penn township in 1859. He was married Feb. 20, 1868, to Miss Sarah E. Moreland, of Penn township. They have five children: Mary E., Annie E., Iowa E., John and Isaac. He was a soldier in the war in the 2d Iowa Cavalry, was wounded at Franklin, Tenn. He is the owner of 315 acres of fine land under a high state of cultivation, 60 acres of timber land. He is a republican in politics, and voted for the prohibitory constitutional amend- ment. He held several township offices: clerk, trustee and secretary of school board. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge at North Liberty. He has had rather an eventful life; had his right arm broken when eight years of age, by falling off a barn, had the same arm broken two weeks afterward by falling down, and in 1868 his team ran away with him near Iowa City, and crushed his ankle; one horse was injured so badly it had to be killed. In 1868 he was burned out, lost his home and family cloth- ing, and everything in the house, caused b}- a defective flue; and in 1875, was burned out again. His brother Samuel, had his leg torn ofi'by a cir- cular saw in 1875, at a mill on his farm. L. D. MYERS, a blacksmith at South Liberty, post-office Bon Accord; was born June 5, 1835, in Germany. Came to America in 1861, and set- tled in Johnson county, March, 1880. Learned his trade in Germany. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 883 He began work and settled his family in South Liberty, March, 1882. He was married May 10, 1864, to Miss Minnie Baughman, of Rock Island, 111. They have a family of six children: Annie W., Fannie, Min- nie, Charles, Emma and Ida. He is a member of the German Lutheran Church of Iowa City. ELI MYERS. The subject of this sketch was born Sept. 20, 1813, in Preble county, Ohio. Died Oct. 23, 1850, in Sacramento City, California. He came to Johnson county and secured a claim in Pleasant Valley in 1836. He was married Dec. 31, 1840, to Miss Sarah A. Kidder, of Sen- eca county, N. Y. They have three children: Lydia, wife of J. B. Edmonds, of Washington D, C, Mary, wife of Prof. Gilbert L. Pinkham, of Hampton, Franklin county, Iowa, and Ionia A., living at home with her mother on the corner of Court and Clinton streets. The family are members of the Unitarian Church of Iowa Cit3\ Mr. Myers was a mem- ber of the Universalist Church of Iowa City, and was an honest, upright christian gentleman. THOMx\S NOLAN, a farmer and stock raiser, residing on section one, in Graham township, post-office address, Morse; was born in 1828, in Tipperary county,";Ireland, Came to America in 1835, landed in New York and settled in New Jersy, and lived there five years, then settled in Graham township, in 1840. He is a son of James and Bridget Nolan, deceased. He was married in 1850, to Miss Margaret Fitzpatrick of Cedar county, Iowa. They have two boys. The family are members of the St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church at Cedar county, called the Nolan Church, in the Nolan settlement. A democrat in politics. JAMES NOLAN, a farmer residing in Union, township on section six- teen, post-office address, Iowa City; was born Jan. 25, 1822, in Tipperary county, Ireland, came to America in 1834, landed in Jersey City. He came to and settled in Johnson county, Iowa, in 1853. He made the overland trip to California from Missouri, in 1850, from April 10, to Aug. 28. He was married in May, 1842 to Miss Susan Connolly; she died in 1872. They had five children; Thomas, John, James, Jerry and Rose. He was married in 1874, to Miss Annie Welch. The family are members of the St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church of Iowa City. He is a demo- crat in politics, he never held an office of any kind and would not have one of any kind. He is a true genuine'Irishman, fond of his nationality and would not change nis sweet Irish accent for any cultivated English accent known to man. A good citizen, respected by all who knew him as an honest and truthful citizen. FRANK NOVAK, a resident of Iowa City, a carpenetr by trade; was born Dec. 10, 1843, in Bohemia. Came to America when four years of age, landed in New York City and lived there until he was sixteen years of age. Settled in Iowa City in 1861. He was a faithful soldier in the 884 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Union army, enlisting in Company B, Twenty-second Iowa Infantry in 1862. Came home in August, 1865, and began work at his trade, which he has followed ever since, establishing for himself a good business. He was married July 27, 1867, to Miss Barbara Loder, of Linn county, Iowa A democrat in politics. His place of business is on Jeflerson street between Linn and Gilbert streets, where he has a nice carpenter shop and always plenty to do. FRANK NOVAK, a farmer residing in Monroe township, on section 16, post-office address, Danforth; was born August 16, 1835, in Austria; came to America, and landed in Quebec, Canada, the 4th day of July, 1855, and he came to Solon, Johnson county, the same year, and finally bought the farm upon which he now resides January 16, 1861. He was married February 16, 1861, to Miss Barbara Hajek, of Monroe township. They have nine healthy children, all living, five boys and four girls: Joseph J. Frank, Matilda, Barbara, Wesley, Eddie, Emma, John, and Allie. The family are members of the Catholic Church. He is a democrat in poli- tics; has held the office of township trustee for nine years. He voted against the prohibitory constitutional amendment. He is the owner of 941 acres of land. He is one of the most extensive farmers in Johnson county. In 1876 the hog-cholera broke out, and he lost 600 head of hogs, 400 were fat, and 200 pigs, worth J})6,000. He sold $2,100 worth of hogs in the June market, 1876, to the packing-house in Cedar Rapids. His crops for 1881: 275 acres of corn, 55 acres of wheat, got 600 bushels; 85 acres of oats, 2,500 bushels; 45 acres of rye, 614^ bushels. His average crop of barley for ten j^ears has been 700 bushels per year. In the year 1873 he raised 1,200 bushels of barley. In 1882 he only raised 200 bush- els; has always sold to the breweries. His farms are well watered and well timbered. J. D. MUSSER, farmer and merchant, post-office, River Junction; was born in York county, Pennsylvania, October 29, 1842, and came to John- son county in fall of 1856. He first lived in Iowa City; then came to Fre- mont township three years after, where he has since lived, and followed farming, and now owns 140 acres of land. In 1875 he put in a stock of dry-goods and groceries at River Junction, and now carries a fine stock of goods, and is also postmaster of that place. He was married Novem- ber 24, 1863, to Elizabeth Rayner, a daughter of Joseph Rayner, who came to this county in 1853. They have six children, viz: Francis, Sarah G., Jane E., Mary R., Joseph R., and J. D., Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Nusser are members of the Church of God. JOHN P. OAKS, farmer and stock-dealer, section 9, Oxford, Iowa; was born in Windom county, Vermont, June 4, 1835, where he spent his boyhood days, until he was eighteen years of age, when he came to Moline, Illinois, where he staid about one year and a half. He then went HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 885 to Minnesota, where he remained some four years, and gained a good property by speculating. In 18.59 he started for Pike's Peak, but did not go farther than Nebraska; then came back to Council Bluffs, and bought some stock, and then came to Johnson county, and has since been engaged in farming, raising stock, and speculating, and now owns 400 acres of fine land, and has it well improved, and one of the finest country residences in the county, and is one of the most enterprising farmers in the county. He was married October 11, 1865 to Mary I. Wray, a native of Madison township, this county, and a daughter of Carson Wray. She departed this life December 17, 1873, and was buried at the Ault burying-ground in Madison township. He was again married November 25, 1879, to Joana Walker, a native of Pennsylvania, and a daughter of William Walker of this township. There is one boy, Albert C, by the first marriage, and one, John W., by the second. CHARLES C. OAKS, farmer and stock raiser, section 11, Oxford, Iowa; was born in Windham county, Vermont, June 9, 1833, where he spent his early life until he was twenty-two years old; he then came west and bought land in Mower county, Minnesota, and taught school; after about a year and a half he started for Pike's Peak with his brother, but did not go farther than Nebraska; he then went back to Vermont and lived there several years and taught school, and enlisted in the spring of 1861 in the three month's service; after that, went to Connecticut and remained there some four years, working at the carpenter and painter's trade; then went to Conway, Massachusetts, and lived there four years, and came to Johnson county, Iowa, in January, 1869, and is now one of the most successful farmers in the county, and owns 610 acres of fine land, and pays considerable attention to raising stock. He was married June 18, 1862, to Caroline Pease, a native of Conway, Franklin county, Massa- chusetts; born December 19, 1834. They have four children, viz.: Mir- iam P., born June 1, 1865; Loville D., born October 7, 1866; Lovel N., born April 1, 1875, and Charles E., born November 19, 1876. Mrs. Oaks is a member of the Presbyterian Church. ALVA OATHOUT. The subject of this sketch is a farmer, residing in Lincoln township; was born 1833, in Montgomery county. New York, on a farm; settled in Johnson county, in 1857. He was married in 1862 to Miss Sophia Wonser, of Iowa City, lived in Iowa City six months, and moved to Graham township and lived there ten years; after which time settled on the farm on which he now resides. They have a family of four childern: Ida, born March, 1863; Anna, born 1865; Rosanna, born 1869; Burt, born 1877. Mr. Oathout is a republican in politics, and was elected township trustee in the fall of 1876, and has held that office ever since. JUSTUS OATHOUT, a resident of Iowa City, and proprietor of the brush and broom factory, on Gilbert street; was born February 25, 1828, 56 886 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. in Fulton county, New York; came to Johnson county, Iowa, in March, 1857. He was married September 26, 1852, to Miss Jane Bulman, of New York State. This union is blessed with five children : Eveline, wife of Milton Ham, of Scott township; Emma, Justus E., Katie and Hattie. He is a republican in pohtics. REV. KARL F. OBERMAN, post-office Nichols, Muscatine county; was born in Germany May 9, 1825, where he attended the university at Geisen, Hesse Darmstadt, and passed examination and was admitted to preach for the Evangelical denomination in 1846. He also accepted the professorship of a college in Frankfort-on-the- Main, where he remained until 1850, when he immigrated to the United States, on account of his tak- ing an active part in the revolution in 1848, he belonging to the side which was striving for a republican government; the opposite party confiscated his property, which he inherited from his father's estate. He had letters of recommendation to August Belmont, in New York, from noted parties in Frankfort, with whom Belmont had dealings, but he being Austrian consul did not help him any. He then v/ent to Cincinnati, where he estab- lished an educational institute of which he had charge two years, and also edited the "German Agriculturalist." In 1854 he came to Iowa and fol- lowed his calling as minister of the gospel in Germantown, Jefferson county two years, then went to Muscatine, where he preached until 1874. In 1864 he was a member of the national convention held in Baltimore, when Lincoln was nominated the second time, and 1867 was examiner in the State University. He also conducted a school in Muscatine fourteen years. In 1874 he moved on a farm in Fremont township, this county, and now owns 500 acres of fine land, and where he now lives and raises fine stock, and also preaches at Nichols station. He has been a member of several Republican State and Congressional Conventions, and takes an active part in political affairs. He was married Dec. 6, 1851, to Miss Mary Krehe, a native of Bavaria, and have had eleven children, seven now living: Emma, now Mrs. Weinrich, Adolph, now a druggist in Chicago, Louisa, Amalie, Bertha, Mathilda and Marie. Mr. Oberman is a member of the A. F. and A. M. at Muscatine, and is corresponding member of the historical society of Frankfort-on-the-Main. JOSEPH W. O'BRIEN, lumber dealer, Oxford, Iowa; was born in Monroe county, Indiana, November 3, 1829, where he lived until he was twenty-one years of age. He then came to Iowa City and engaged in brick making. In 1854 he returned to Indiana and went to railroading, and followed that three years. He then went into the photographing busi- ness, and followed that until he went into the army; Oct. 6, 1862, he enlisted in company H, 40th Indiana as first sergeant, and was discharged by reason of promotion Aug. 31, 1864, and mustered as first lieutenant of company C, and July 1, 1865, was commissioned captain of company C, and was finally discharged January 23, 1^66. He then engaged in farm- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 887 ing in Montgomery county, Indiana, until the fall of 1868, he came to Johnson county and is now engaged with Hugh'McCreery, in the lumber trade. He is a member of Canopy Lodge No. 290, A. F. & A. M., also of Iowa City Chapter, No. 2, also of Palestine Commandery, No. 2, and of the M. E. Church. He was married Dec. 8, 1858, to Hester A. Logan, a native of Indiana, and they have two children living, viz: Margaret A. and George A., and one, Robert P., deceased. M. A. O'HAIR, a resident of Iowa City, engaged in the practice of law; was born May 14, 18M, County Clare, Ireland. Came to America and landed in New York City July 4, 1840. Settled in Iowa in 1866. He attended the State University of Iowa, law department, six months, and was admitted to practice law at Muscatine, Iowa, June 6, 1878, and began the practice of the law in Iowa City that year, in partnership with W. F. Conklin. He was married Feb. 19, 1873, to Miss Mary Beatty, of Hillsdale, 111. They have one child named Grace. He is a member of Social Lodge, No. 231, A. F. A. M., Millersburg, Iowa County, Iowa. He is a democrat in politics. JAMES O'HANLON, a contractor and builder in Iowa City, and the senior member of the firm of O'Hanlon & Sons, in the boot and shoe trade on Iowa avenue, near the post-office; was born Jan. 15, 1827, in Peterboro, Canada. He was married Jan. 24, 1848. He settled in Iowa City, Aug. 14, 1867. Has built sixteen bridges for the C. R. I. & P. R. R.; about twenty-one for the C. B. & Q. R. R.; nine large county bridges throughout the State and a great man}^ small ones. Is a democrat in politics and a member of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church of Iowa City. WILLIAM O'HANLAN, boot and shoe merchant, of the firm of O'Hanlan & Son, of Iowa City, doing business on Capital Avenue. He was born April 12th, 1859, in Erie county, Pennsylvania, and settled in Iowa City in March, 1867. He is a young man of good business qualifi- cations and of study habits. He is a member of the St. Mary Roman Catholic Church of Iowa City, and a member of the Iowa City Base Ball club. He is a democrat in politics. M. C. OGLEVEE, shoemaker. Lone Tree; was born in Harrison county, Ohio, Feb. 11, 1854, and is a son of Dr. John Oglevee, who came to this county in 1856. He attended the State University, and in 1873 he commenced the shoemakers trade in Lone Tree, where he has since car- ried on that business. He was married May 14, 1879, to Louisa Pabst, a native of Germany, and came to America in 1871. JOHN OGLEVEE, physician, Lone Tree; was born in Harrison county, Ohio, Aug. 28, 1825, where he spent his early life. He attended Franklin College, and commenced the study of medicine in 1844; he grad- uated at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1848, he then practiced in Ohio and came to HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Iowa Cit}' in 1855, and practiced there seven years, then went to Palestine, Fremont township, where he lived until 1876, when he came to Lone Tree, and now enjoys a good practice. He was married in 1850, to Tabitha McCollough, also a native of Ohio, she dying March, 1880. They have three children, viz: McCollough, Lucy and Ella. WILLIAM V. ORR, post-office address, Iowa City; was born in Ken- tucky, Nov. 15, 1813, and his occupation is that of a farmer and stock raiser and is the owner of 225 acres of good land. When he was a child his parents moved to Fayette county, Ohio, where he lived until he was twenty years of age; he then went to Elkhart, Indiana, and from there to Summerset count}^, Pennsylvania, and from there came to Iowa City, April 16, 1859, and the July following moved to his present farm. The year 1843, he was married to Miss Boyd, his wife died in 1815, and in 1848 he married Mrs. Epasin, her maiden name was Porbugh, a native of Pennsylvania. They have six children: Cyrus, Mary E., William H., Matilda R., Emma E. and Herman, the latter dying at four months of age. He is a member of the Lutheran Church. MAX OTTO, a resident of Iowa City and editor of the Weekly Post, the German paper of Johnson county; was born Dec. 25, 1842, near Duesseldorf-on-the-Rhine, Germany; was educated in the Gymnasium School of Duesseldorf. Came to America, June, 1866, landing iu New York City, and remained there until August, when he settled in Iowa City and began teaching school in a two story brick building on the corner of Brown and Johnson streets. The building was burned down in 1869. A new building was erected and school carried on by Mr. Otto, until 1871. The building was sold in 1872. He was married April 4, 1869, to Miss Katie Mclnnery of Iowa City, a teacher in the school above mentioned for six years. They have six children: Agnes, Clemmie, Ma}^, Ralph Joseph and Lucia. Mr. Otto was at one time engaged in a music store of his own, from 1872 to 1878, and then began teaching music only until 1881, when he established the Post, the German paper, and he is still its editor. He was connected with the Milwaukee, Chicago and Cincinnati German papers, furnishing editorals and correspondence Mr. Otto is a democrat in politics. ASBY D. PACKARD, the first settler in Hardin township, post-office, Windham; was born in Mahoning county, Ohio, July 22, 1816. His father. Garret Packard, was a native of Vermont, and one of the pioneers of Ohio, and was a soldier in the war of 1812, and died November 20, 1820, Mrs. Packard (EUenor Britton) surviving him ten years. The subject of our sketch then went to live with his uncle, Joseph H. Coult, and lived with him six years. He then went to Detroit, and then to Mar- shall county, Indiana, and worked in a saw-mill, and about April 1, 1838, started west, and came to what is now Johnson county, Iowa, and took HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 889 up the claim he now lives on in June of that year. He made his home with Jonathan Harris the first summer in what is now Liberty township, and in October he went to David Switzer's, and during the winter he went to the Mississippi river, and cut cord-wood, and returned in the spring, and staid with Switzer, except what little he worked on his claim, and in the fall returned to the river, and chopped wood again, always walking back and forth, packing his knapsack. In the spring of 1841 he returned and then remained on his claim, "keeping bach'" until he was married April 29, 1845, to Nancy Montgommery, a native of Washington county, Pennsylvania. She came to Clear Creek township with her father, James, in 1841. They then settled down to the hardships of every day pioneer life, Mr. Packard breaking prairie for the early settlers, and kept adding more land to his possessions as his means would permit. He also built a water saw-mill in 1845, and in 1855 and '50 built a steam mill, and also a flour-mill in connection with it, run b}^ ?he same engine, this being a great help to the settlers. Both mills being burned in 1864, since then he has been engaged in farming and raising stock, and owns a fine farm of 425 acres. Mrs. Packard died August 26, 1874, leaving seven children, viz: Winfield S., now living in Pottawattamie county; Nancy A., Char- lotte, Helen A., lola J., Amelia A., and Asby D.; Helen A. dying Febru- ary 5, 1878, and Asby D., March 5, 1878. G. H. PACKARD, farmer, Hardin township, post-office, Windham; was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, December 23, 1820, and came to this county in 1840 and bought a claim, where he now resides. In the spring of 1843 he went to Wisconsin and remained there five years, and followed lead mining. He was married at White Oak Springs, Wisconsin, Febru- ary 22, 1848, to Miss Mary T. Easley, a native of Illinois; he then returned to his farm the same spring and built a house, and has since lived there, and been engaged in farming and raising stock, and owns 388 acres of fine land. They have five children living, viz. : Mary E., now Mrs. Wm. Andrew, in Nebraska; Lorenzo D., married December 30, 1874, to Miss Mary C. Cross, native of Iowa county; Millington A., married to James A. Dansdill, December 24,1872; Alice M., now Mrs. D. A. Selby, in Nebraska; Clara M., now Mrs. Dansdill, in Washington township. Both Mr. and Mrs. Packard, are members of the Evangelical Church. EUGENE PAINE, a resident of Iowa City; wholesale and retail coal dealer, doing business on the corner of Van Buren and Burlington streets, near B., C. R. & N. R. R.; was born March 6, 1839, in Orange county, Vermont; came to Johnson county, in July, 1868. He was married July 4, 1873, to Miss Olivia Brockway, of Randolph, Vermont. They have one child: Charles O. Democrat in politics. He has a coal house 16x100 feet, near the railroad track. 890 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. STEPHEN E. PAINE, a resident of Iowa City, and book-keeper for M. T. Close & Co., at the oil mill; was born March 8, 1830. He was married April 8, 1852, to Miss Mary E. Fellows, of Mechanicsville, New York. They have three children: Nellie, Mary, and Katie. He came to Iowa City in 18-57, and was superintendent of the gas works of Iowa City for sixteen years; he began clerking for M. T. Close & Co. in 1874. He is a member of the Congregational Church of Iowa City. Republican in politics; has held many offices of honor, profit and trust; was mayor of Iowa City, 1871-72-73; served as alderman from the fourth ward in 1863, '64-09; he was a member of the Iowa City school board, and its president in 1804. CHARLES H. PALMER, Jr., liveryman, Solon; was born in Solon June 29, 18.59. He is a son of C. H. and Cynthia («^g Love) Palmer, both natives of Windham county, Connecticut. They were married April 10, 1842, and worked in the woolen and cotton factories until ]847, when they moved to Ohio, and emigrated to Johnson county, Iowa, in 18.50, and in 1852-.53 built the old Palmer House, which they kept until 1870, Mr. Palmer dying November 30, 1878, leaving two sons, Alonzo and Charles H., the subject of our sketch, who has been engaged in the livery busi- ness since he was fifteen years of age. He now owns the stone livery stable at Solon, and is doing a good business. He was married May 10 1882, to Mary Kintz, daughter of John Kintz of Solon. PHILIP PALMER, farmer, Cedar township, post-office, Solon: was born in Scotland July, 1838. At the age of fifteen years he went Canada with his parents, and followed farming and stock-raising near Ontario, and came to the United States in 1877, and now lives m Cedar township, where he farms and raises stock, and owns a half interest in a herd of Short-horns. He was married December 24, 1870, to Janet Taylor, a native of Scotland. The have one boy, David. JOHN PARSONS, a farmer and stock-raiser, residing in Graham township, post-office address, Morse; was born in 1834, in Summerset- shire, England; a son of George and Betty Parsons; came to America in 18.58, and lived ten years in New York State, and went back to England, and remained there six months, and during the time married Miss Jennie Ham. They have seven children. They came to America, and finally settled in Graham township, Johnson county, Iowa, in lb69. The family attends the Methodist Church. JOHN PARROTT, residence Scott township, post-office, Iowa City; was born in Washington county, Maryland, February 20, 1810. His occupation is farming, and owns 100 acres of improved land; he settled in John.son county in 1839, and located a claim in section nine, and has resided there continually ever since. He was married in Indiana, June 24, 183.5, to Miss Savannah H. King, a native of Pennsylvania. They have a HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 891 family of eleven children, four of whom are living; Mary, wife of Albert Wescott; Francis A., Emma P., wife of James A. Pinney, and John J.; those dead are: George and David W,, who was a member of company D, Twentv-fourth Iowa Regiment: died June 16, 1S6S. Mr. Parrott and wife were members of the tirst M. E. Church that was ever organized in Johnson county, in the fall of 1S39. Mr. Parrott and wife are of the pioneer families of Johnson countv. Though death has visited this family seven times and taken from them their loved ones, they express themselves as feeling that old father time has dealt kindly with them, and that they are quietly enjoying life, and tolerable good health for their age. BRl'CE PATTERSON, farmer, a resident of Washington township, section 21, post-otlice, Frank Pierce; was born December S, 1S12, near Utica, Licking countv, Ohio: came to Iowa and settled with his parents in Washington township, Johnson county, in October, 1S17. He was married December 25, 1S70, to Miss Jennie Van Meter. This union is blessed with two children: Ray and Ney. He is a democrat in politics; his party has honored him with the office of member of the board of sup- ervisor for two terms, and he was elected chairman of the board January, 1883, and he has proved faithful to every trust confided to his care; he has proved himself a successful politician, as well as a successful farmer. He owns a well kept farm with plenty of good stock, and comfortablv situated in life. HON. LEMUEL B. PATTERSON, a practiceing attorney in Iowa Cit}', in partnership with Levi Robinson, on Clinton street, since 1800, near post-office, the oldest law firm in the State of Iowa; w^as born Sep- tember 12, 1821, in Rushville, Indiania; the spring of 1811 found him in Iowa Cit}'; he w^as admitted to practice law in 1810. A democrat in politics; was city attorney in 1808-70, and again in 1871-70; a member of the city council in 1857-59. He was librarian of Iowa territory for three years, and w hile in that office drew^ up the first homestead law passed in Iowa : he won the railroad bond suit in the supreme court of the United States, case of Lucius Clark vs. Iowa City, reported in the 21st Wallace, U. S. S. C. R., page 20. He was married May 10, 1851, to Miss Jane Hazard; she died in 1850 in Iowa Citv, of cholera; also his little boy and hired girl ot the same disease. He has alwa\s taken a lively interest in all public interest of Iowa Citv, and has accumulated some valuable city property. LIEUTENANT-COLONEL JOHN PATTEE, a resident of Iowa City; was born July 23, 1820. His father was a Methodist missionary, and preached in Canada, where he resided when the subject of this sketch was born; he soon moved back to the States. Col. Pattee commanded Cos. I, K, L, and M, soldiers from Iowa stationed at forts Randall, SuUey, and Sioux City, during the war. He settled in Iowa City in 1851, and workeil at the carpenter trade. He was married August 23, 1855, to 892 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Lidia Lanning of Iowa City, who died February 20, 1869. They had one child, the wife of Samuel Fanning. He was married July 7, 1861, to Miss Pricilla Clark, sister of the Hon. Ezekiel Clark, of Iowa City. They are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Iowa City. Col. Pattee was auditor of state by appointment in 1855, and was elected in 1856. He is a republican in politics. He was appointed a special agent under the interior department, to secure an agreement with the Sioux Indians to let the Ponca Indians return to their old reservation. He was the first librarian of the State Historical Society. J. G. P ATTON, farmer, post-office River Junction ; was born in Fay- ette county, Pennsylvania, October 30, 1840. At the age^of ten he moved to Steubenville, Ohio, with his father, who was a printer and one of the old Jacksonian men. He published the " Genius of Liberty," at Uniontown, Pennsylvania, and claimed to be first man that pushed Jackson's name for president, being a personal friend of his. In 1854, he came to Iowa City, where he lived until his death, November, 1861. The subject of this sketch learned the printer's trade in the old " Capital Reporter " office, now the " State Press," commencing when eighteen years of age. In September, 186], he enlisted in company F, First Iowa cavalry, and spent three years and a half in the army. Since returning from the army he has paid his attention to farming, and now owns 140 acres of land. He was married December 19, 1864, to Miss Effie Dodder, a native of New Jersey. They have six children, viz., William C, Nellie, Fannie, Frank M., Charles J., and Effie. Mr. Patton spent two 3^ears in Kansas and was constable and deputy sherifl' in Iowa City under M. Cavanaugh two years. HON. GEORGE PAUL, a farmer and stock-raiser, residing in Clear Creek township, j5ost-cfIice address, Iowa City; was born December 25, 1824, in Petersburg, Pennsylvania; came to Iowa (then called the Black Hawk purchase) in 1836, and learned the printer's trade at Fort Madison with J. G. Edwards, who owned and started the Burlington Hazvkeye. He came to Johnson county in 1841, and was foreman of the Iowa Capi- ital Reporter^ and was one of the proprietors from 1847 to 1852. He was state prmter in 1850, and sheriff of Johnson county in 1846, also member of the board of supervisors of Johnson county for four years, from 1863 to 1867, and in the Iowa legislature a member from Johnson county for the years 1871-73-74-78-79. During his service in 1878 he was success- ful in securing an annual endowment for the State University of 1^20,000. Repeated efforts had been made to secure this endowment, followed by repeated failure. The Hon. M. Bloom rendered valuable service with Mr. Paul in securing this endowment. He has many warm friends in both political parties, and is well and favorably known throughout the state. He is a democrat in politics, of the Andrew Jackson school, and well posted on all political questions. He was postmaster of Iowa City HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 893 under Pierce's administration. He was married December 24, 1843, to Miss Vienna Winchester, of Iowa City. They have five children: George H., of Sturgis City, Dakota; Charles R., Gilman F., Jennie, wife of Henry Lee of Denver, Colorado; and Katie, who died in 1869. He was among the first Masons and Odd Fellows in those organizations in Iowa City. JOSEPH W. PAUBA, a resident of Solon, Big Grove township; was born November 25, 1844, in Bohemia; settled in Johnson county in 1870, and worked at the harness trade; worked at that ten years. He has been in the grain trade five years; built the grain elevator at Solon, a frame building three stories high, in May, 1882, with a capacity of 30,000 bush- els. He has an average of 350 cars of grain each year since he has been in the grain trade. Ships mostly to Chicago, Illinois. He was married August 5, 1872, to Miss Mary Bardosh of Linn county, Iowa. They have three children: Joseph, Dellie, and Frank. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge, No. 385, of Solon, and is a member of the town council of Solon. He deals in agricultural implements and farm machinery of all kinds; buys all kinds of produce, etc. EVAN PAYN, farmer, Solon; was born in Licking county, Ohio, December 20, 1812, where he spent his early life and followed farming. In the fall of 1845 he emigrated to Iowa, and settled in Big Grove town- ship, section 22, and has since lived here. He now owns 233 acres of well-improved land, which he has improved himself He was married February 9, 1837, to Ruth Hall, a native of Ohio. They have eight chil- dren, viz: William H., Rachel A., now Mrs. Wheeler, Mary J., Francis M., Esther E., now Mrs. Ulum; Margaret E., now Mrs. Rimion; Henry C, and Samuel W. He is a member of the Christian Church. E. H. PEFFER, a farmer residing in Penn township, post-office. North Liberty; was born March 22, 1818, in Cumberland county, Penn- sylvania. He is a hatter by trade, learned and worked at his trade in Trumbull county, Ohio. He was married to Miss Liddie A. Brown, of Trumbull count}^, Ohio, in 1841. They had the following named chil- dren: Sylvester W., William H., John W. and Samuel J. His wife died Sept. 28, 1858. He settled in Penn township, Johnson county, Iowa, in 1866. He married Mrs. Annie Cramer, Feb. 19, 1867. He is engaged in raising and m mutacturing of sorghum and has been very successful. JAMES PETERS, farmer and stock raiser. Cedar township, post-office, Morse; was born in Tipperary, Ireland, in 1832. Son of John and Johanna Peters. He came to New York, in 1852, and then moved to Ohio where he lived about eighteen months, when he came to Cedar township, and settled on a farm, and in 1862 was married to Miss Mary Ryan, daughter of Michael and Mary Ryan of Cedar township. They have seven children living, four boys and three girls. He is a member of the Catholic Church 894 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. and a democrat in politics. Mr. Peter owns one of the largest farms in Cedar township. JOHN PETERS, a farmer and stock raiser, residing in Graham town- ship, post-office address, Morse; was born in 18ii2, in Tipperary county, Ireland, a son otjohn and Johanna Peters. Came to America in 1848, and lived in New York, until 1850, when he moved to Ohio, and Hved there until he moved to Iowa City, in 1855. He lived in Iowa City until 1858, when he moved to Cedar count}'^, Iowa, and lived there until 1864, w'hen he settled in Graham township. He was married in 1855 to Miss Catharine Butler of Tipperary county, Ireland. They have seven children. The family are members of the Roman Catholic Chiuxh. A demcrat in politics. JOSEPH PITLIK, harness maker, post-office, Solon; was born in Bohemia, Dec. 25, 1859, and came to America when seven years of age with his parents, Albert and Barbara Pitlik, and settled in Solon, Johnson county. In Oct. 1874, he went to learn the harness making trade at Car- rol), Carroll county, Iowa, and worked there four years and a half. He then worked in Cedar Rapids two years, and in February, 1881, he started a shop of his own in Solon and keeps a good stock on hand. In March, 1882, he was elected marshal of Solon and made a good and effi- cient officer. JOHN A. PICKERING, a resident of Iowa City, and proprietor of China Hall, the only store in Iowa City dealing exclusively in this line of goods, and occupies rooms in the Odd Fellows building, on the corner of Dubuque and College street; was born March 2, 1855, in Warwickshire, England; came to America in 1856, landed in New York city, and to Iowa City in 1857, and bought the China Hall store and became successor to C. M. Reno in 1877; he now occupies two rooms 25x80 feet in the Odd Fellow's building, on the corner of College and Dubuque streets. No. 122, 129 College, and 132 Dubuque street; he is a wholesale and retail dealer and importer of china, glass and fancy goods, toys, cutlery, silver-ware, chandeliers, brackets, lamps and trimmings, of all kinds. China Hall was established in 1866. SAMUEL J. PLYMESSER, a resident of Tiffin, Clear Creek town- ship; was born October 10, 1838, in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania; his father came to Wayne county, Ohio, and lived their eight years, and when Samuel was about eleven years of age his parents moved to Johnson county, Iowa, and settled here in 1849; in 1874 he began busines in Tiffin, Iowa, as a grain merchant, selling coal, lumber and pumps; he was station agent for the C, R. I. & P. R. R. for six years. He was married January 1, 1866, to Miss Mary J. Moreland; she died February 10, 1882. This union was blessed with three children: Ira E., John S., and Garfield A. A republican in politics, and always takes a lively interest in political affairs. HISTORV OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 895 He formed a partnership in 1875 with J. M, Douglass in the grain busi- ness, which partnership still continues. He was a soldier in the Federal army in the Sixth Iowa Infantry, and was wounded in the left knee, at Missionary Ridge; he received a sun-stroke at Jackson, [Mississippi, in July, 1863, and a second sun-stroke in June, 1864; he went into the army as a private, and was promoted to first lieutenant, commanding the com- pany; he went into the service in July, 1861, and served until July, 1865; he is still slightly crippled in the knee. He is one of Tiffin's most active and enterprising citizens. SAMUEL PLYMESSER; born November 27, 1811, Lebanon county, Pennsylvania: moved to Smith ville, Ohio, in 1841, and settled in Johnson county, Iowa, in 1849; entered the land upon which he now resides, Madi- son township; his post-office address in North Liberty. He married Miss Abigail Weltmore, of Cumberland countv, Pennsvlvania, April 15, 1834. They have five children living: Samuel J., Isaiah, Simeon, Willis and Amanda. A republican in politics. Has a fine comfortable home, and lives well; has never sought an otBce, and for that reason is a happy and contented man. H. F. POGGENPOHL, a resident of Liberty township, and the patentee of the " Excelsior Bee-hive," patented June 5, 1877; post-office, Iowa City; was born January 30, 1825, in Germany; came to America in 1846; came to Iowa City in 1852. He was married in Januar}^ 1849, to Miss Mary Hergenpern, of Germany; she died October 24, 1882. They have three children : Henry, Frank, and Amelia. He is a member of the Catholic Church. A democrat in politics. He has had upwards of fort}-- six years experience in bee-keeping, and has paid close attention to the improvement of bee-hives in every detail; the points of excellence in his bee-hives are the hollow walls and the perfect system of ventilation of the brood chamber that allows all foul air to escape, and preventing the mois- ture from the bees, respiration congealing and forming frost that always proves fatal to the bees when it melts and sours the honev. The bee busi- ness has become a ver}' extensive enterprise in Johnson county. It should be made a criminal offense for men engaged in the bee culture to feed glucose to their bees, and no doubt will be a subject of legislation on that point. THOMAS POHLER, a resident of Iowa City, doing business on South Dubuque street, number 213; was born September 18, 1849, in Baden, Germany; came to America in 1852. He is a member of the St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church of Iowa City. A democrat in politics. He is a partner with his brother-in-law, Mr. Enig, in the fine twv story brick building, on Iowa Avenue, near the Universalist Church. WM. H. POOLE, jeweler, post-office, Oxford; was born in Delaware county, Ohio, August 24, 1850, and came to Iowa with his parents. 896 HISTORV OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Thomas and Elizabeth Poole, in 1854, and settled in Johnson county, where he has since resided, and was raised on a farm until the age of twenty-one, when he went to learn the jewelers' trade at Iowa City, and in October, 1873, he went into business for himself in Oxford. He was married June 6, 1873, to Miss Jennie Rawlings, a daughter of Rev. G. W. Rawhngs of this town. They have been blessed with three children: Clarence E., Frankie E., and William H., Jr. He is the manager of the Iowa Tele- phone and Telegraph Company, at Oxford; he is also a member of Canopy Lodge, No. 290, A. F. & A. M. JOHN W. PORTER. The subject of this sketch was born April 26, 1839, in Wooster, Wayne county, Ohio, died in Iowa City, Dec. 7, 1882. He was educated at Bethany, West Virginia, and was there at the break- ing out of the late civil war. He came to Iowa City and entered the State University of Iowa. He enlisted July 26, 1862, in company F, 22d regiment Iowa volunteer infantry, and was commissioned first lieutenant Sept. 10, 1862, and was promoted to adjutant of the regiment, Dec, 20, 1862. He resigned and came home in Februar}', 1863. His father died in 1863, and Mr. P. successfully conducted that business until 1870. He formed a partnership with Capt. J. A. L. Tice, March 18, 1868, in the lumber business; in 1874 bought out Tice, and went in with P. Musser, and in 1878 bought out Mr. Musser, and conducted the business until his death. In all his business enterprises he was a success. A republican in politics, and always took a lively interest in all public matters of import- ance to that party. He was a member of the school board for ten years, and its treasurer for four years. He was a director of the State Agricul- tural Society for two years, and its president in 1881 and 1882. Was president of the National Association of Lumber Dealers in 1878 and 1879, and was a director at the time of his death. Was president of the Inter- State Association of the Board of Agriculture, organized Nov. 9, 1881, in Chicago, 111. He was a director in the Iowa City National Bank, and a member of the board of trade of Iowa City. He was a faithful and con- sistent member of the Christian Church of Iowa City. He was married March 4, 1863, to Miss Louisa Morseman, daughter of Dr. M.J. Morse- man, of Iowa City. They have three children living: Charles M., Nel- lie M. and Edgar K. Mrs. Porter is a member of the Christian Church of Iowa City. L. D. PORCH, a blacksmith in Iowa City; was born Feb. 3, 1845, in Knox county, Ohio. Settled in Iowa City Oct. 28, 1870. Opened his present blacksmith shop, wagon and carriage and repair factory in 1877, on the corner of College and Capitol streets. He is doing a fine business; making the repair of farm machinery and plows a specialty. He has a fine steam engine of eight horse power, in a fine brick building. He was married July 3, 1867, to Miss Samantha M. Wells, of Fredricktown, Knox HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 897 county, Ohio. They have one child Lloyd, acre 12 years. He is a mem- ber of the Masonic and Odd Fellows Lodges of Iowa City, and of the A. O. U. W. A republican in politics. He was marshal one year of Iowa City in 187G. D. A. PRATT, post-office Solon; was born in Kennebec county, Maine, August 22, 1824, where he spent his early life until twelve years of age, when his father. Cotton T. Pratt, moved to Ohio, near Cleveland, where they lived four years; they then emigrated to Johuson county, Iowa, and settled in section 31, Cedar township, in 1810, where they entered land. Mr. C. T. Pratt dying Feb. 12, 1840, one week after they landed here. Mrs. Fannie Pratt was left with five children, of which the subject of this sketch was the oldest, and he has since lived here, with the exception of from 1841 to 1848, he was in Wisconsin. He now owns 123 acres of land besides town property, and is also engaged in the lumber trade. He was married February, 1848, to Miss Rachel M. McCormick, a native of Clinton county, Ohio. They had seven children, six now living, viz: Fannie E., now Mrs. Kissler, Olla R., now Mrs. Templeman, Mary, now Mrs Bush, Annie M., now Mrs. Connelly, Adda L., now Mrs. Rogers and Charles A. W. T. PRATT, merchant, Solon; was born in this town August 23, 1859. He is a son of Charles and Annie Pratt, of this township. He attended the academy and commercial college at Iowa City, and in the fall of 1879 he commenced business in the drug trade in Solon, and now owns a fine stock of hardware and drugs, and also owns a dry goods and mil- linery store in Solon. He is a 5^oung man of fine business qualities, and is doing a flourishing business. He was married December 2, 1878, to Miss Anabel L. Jolly, a native of Indiana. They have one daughter, Hortense B. CHARLES PRATT, farmer and stock-raiser, Solon; was born in Maine, February 23, 1823. At the age of eight his father. Cotton T. Pratt, moved to Cuyahoga county, Ohio, and lived near Cleveland four years, and in January, 1840, emigrated to Iowa, and settled in section 31, Cedar township, Mr. Pratt dying about one week after they came here. Here the subject of this sketch spent his early life, and in the spring of 1849 went to California with a company from this county, and remained there until 1853, and was engaged in mining and farming. He then returned to Johnson county, and attended school in Mt. Vernon, and afterwards engaged in the mercantile business one year in Marshalltown, and six years in Solon. He then bought the farm he now lives on, in 1862, where he now owns 532 acres of well-improved land, and has a fine brick resi- dence, and pays special attention to the raising of fine stock, and is one of the leading wool-growers of the county. He was married October 19, 1858 to Miss Annie M. True, a native of Maine, and came to Iowa in 898 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 1857. They have four children, viz: Wm. T., Melville E., Lula A., and an infant unnamed. JACOB F. PRICE, machinist, post-office, North Liberty; was born Aug. 17, 1847, in Bedford county, Penns34vania, two miles from Bedford. He is the son of Valentine and Catharine Price. At the age of fourteen, Jacob worked eight months at blacksmithing and then went to work in a machine shop. In 1846 he enHsted in the Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania Regi- ment, under Colonel Jackson, was engaged in the battles of Hatters Run, Virginia, and Five Forks. Got his ankle put out of place at Pittsburg and was sent to Washington hospital. He saw President Lincoln, after he was shot, and helped guard a doctor who was charged with complicity in his murder. He was discharged in 1865. Aug. 1, 1866, he came to Iowa and settled in Johnson count3\ Dec. 25, 1867, he was married to Miss Sarah Lentz of this county. They have five children: Emma E., Robert K., Annie M., Arthur M. and Nellie B. Mr. Price has followed threshing every season but one since he came to Iowa, and then he was engaged in making molasses. He is a member of the I. O* O. F. A democrat in poUtics. A. O. PRICE, a resident of Scott township, post-office Iowa City; lives on section twenty-one, occupation, farming; was born Sept. 18, 1836, in the State of New York. Settled in Johnson county in 1868. He was first married in Michigan in 1869. Two children by his first wife, both dead and his wife died two years after their marriage. He married for his second wife Miss Hardsock of Johnson county, Iowa, in 1873. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church of Iowa City, and is a republican in politics. He has held the office of town clerk for eight years, never having any opposition in the republican party. RICHARD W. PRYCE, M. D. The subject of this sketch was during his life time a practicing physician and surgeon in Iowa City and a partner of Dr. Shrader. He was born May 5, 1843, died Feb. 3, 1877, in Denver, Colorado, of consumption. He served two years in the Federal arm3\ He studied medicine and graduated from Jeflerson Col- lege, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in March, 1868. Came to Iowa City and engaged in the practice the fall of the same year. He was a member of Lodge No. 4, A. F. and A. M. of Iowa City. He was eminently suc- cessful in his profession and always ready without respect of person, to minister at the bed-side of the sick and dying. CAPT. S. D. PRYCE, a resident of Iowa City, and a merchant doing business on the corner of Washington and Dubuque streets; came to Iowa City from Cambria county, Pennsylvania, in 1861, and at the time of the breaking out of the war was a student in the State University. He enlisted as a private June 27, 1862, in company A, Twenty-second regi- ment Iowa volunteer infantry, at nineteen years of age. He was pro- HISTORV OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 899 moted from private to sergeant-major on the battle field at Port Gibson, from sergeant-major to adjutant of the Twenty-second regiment. January 14, 1864, and to captain of company A, Twenty-second regiment October 1, 1864, on staff duty as adjutant-general of the first brigade, third divi- sion, ninteenth army corps, with General Molineaux of New York. Cap- tain Pryce was the youngest officer on staff duty in the volunteer service. His rapid promotion from private to the most responsible position of adjutant of a brigade is evidence of the high esteem in which he was held by his brother officers, and the confidence they reposed in him. He is a republican in politics; has been twice nominated by his party as their can- didate for representative, and both times declined the nomination. He was elected county superintendent by an almost unanimous vote of both parties; resigned the office and accepted a position in Bryant & Stratton's College of Chicago, Illinois. He is not an office seeker, but alwa3^s takes a lively interest in all questions concerning the policy and welfare of his party. He possesses a cultivated literary mind, and has had a vast exper- ience as a writer, and at one time was connected with the Iowa City Refuhlican. He is a member of the Masonic bodies of Iowa City, and other benevolent societies. He began business in 1876 in partnership with W. J. Schell in the hardware and farm machinery trade. The firm is recognized as one of the most successful and prosperous in Iowa City. FRANK J. PUDIL, a blacksmith residing in Shueyville, post-office Shuey ville ; was born April 34, 1855, in Bohemia, Austria ; came to America in the fall of 1861, and settled in Jefferson township the same 3^ear. He was married February 24, 1879, to Miss Mar}' Chadiena, of Fairfax township in Linn county. They have two children, Mary and Willie. Mr. Pudil is a democrat in politics. He was elected justice of the peace in 1880. Voted against the prohibitory constitutional amendment. He is a member of the literary society, a readmg club at Western. He is a hard-working, industrious, honest, and upright citizen, doing a splendid business at his trade. BENJAMIN PRICE, a dentist residing in Iowa City, doing business on Clinton street; was born February 28, 1844, in Barnsville, Belmont county, Ohio. He settled in Iowa in 1868, at Wilton Junction, and began the practice of dentistry, and came to Iowa City in 1871. He was mar- ried October 12, 1869, to Miss P. Milnes, of Springdale, Cedar county, Iowa. They have four children: Stella H., Louis R. George M., and Ralph. A member of the Congregational Church of Iowa City; a mem- ber of the Masonic bodies of Iowa City; a republican in politics. REV. JAMES QUINN, the present pastor of the Catholic Church at Windham ; was born in county Kilkenny, Ireland, March 2, 1851. He first went to a county school, and at the age of sixteen to the Christian Brothers at Waterford. After being there two years, studying the lower branches, with 900 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. some Latin, he went to St. Kerran's College, Kilkenny, where he remained six years, studying the classics, logic, and physics. At this time he made up his mind to go on a foreign mission, and returned to Waterford to complete his theological studies. He remained there three years at St. John's College, and was ordained priest m the cathedral ot that place by the Right Rev. Bishop Power, on the 20th of June, 1878. After his ordination he remained with his parents four months, and then came to America in October, 1878. He arrived in Dubuque in November, and after a short stay there was appointed assistant priest at Des Moines, where he spent two years and five monts, and was appointed by Father Brazil, pastor of Windham, April 1, 1881. F. W. RABENAU, a resident of Iowa City, engaged in buying grain and selling agricultural implements; was born in February, 1818, in Armstadt, Germany; came to America in 1840, landed in New York city, and finally settled in Iowa in 1849, in Linn county, at Lisbon; kept store there twenty-five 3'ears, bought grain and all kind of [farm products, and bought stock; he moved into Johnson county on his farm near Solon, in 1872, and lived there three years, and moved to Iowa City; he bought an interest in the oat meal mill at Coralville, and his business is to buy oats for that mill. He was married in 1851 to Miss Agnes Stoltz, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. This union is blessed with nine children, seven boys and two girls: WiUiam F., John W., Frank W., George W., Charles, Edward, Samuel, Maria, and Ella. A democrat in politics, and is at present one of the trustee of Iowa City township. CYRUS S. RANK, a practicing attorney of Iowa City; was born March 31, 184.5, in Union county, Pennsylvania; settled in Iowa City July 9, 1872. He was admitted to the bar in Iowa City in June, 1871, gradu- ated in the law department, and commended the practice here in 1874. He was married January 1, 1873, to Miss Lillie V.Jack, of Iowa City. This union is blessed with two children: Elouise and Lucile. A demo- crat in politics; he was elected city attorney in 1880, and re-elected in 1882; he was chairman of the democratic county central committee, and the vote of Johnson county of 1882, attests how well he performed his duties to his party. His legal ability is recognized by the profession, and is considered a very successful lawyer, and enjoys the confidence of his clients. JOSEPH RAYNER, farmer, post-office. River Junction ; was born in Yorkshire, England, January, 1812, where he spent his early life until 1852; he came to America and stopped one winter at Altoona, Pennsyl- vania; then came to Iowa and settled in Johnson county, where he he has since lived, and followed farming, and buying and shipping stock; he owns 240 acres of land. He was married in England to Elizabeth Raw, who is still living. They have five children, viz. : Joseph, Eliza- HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 901 beth, now Mrs. J. D. Musser; William, Frank, and George. Mr. Rayner is a member of the Reform Church at Lone Tree. WESLEY REDHEAD, was born in Penrith, Northumberland county, England, July 22, 1825. He emigrated with his parents from there in 1829; landing in Montreal, Canada, where his father started a dry goods store (having followed the same business in the old country). He con- tinued in business two years, and until the cholera of 1831-'2, which was very fatal in that country. The mother was first stricken and died in four hours after the attack. The father survived the " good wife " but two weeks, when God called him. His death was by brain fever; the family left was one girl and six boys, of which Wesley was next to the youngest, being at that time six years old. He was taken, together with a brother next older, by an uncle to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he lived until fourteen years of age, going to school a small portion of the time and working as devil in a printing office the remainder. He was one of the first news boys now so common in our large cities. In 1839 his uncle, thinking he was, as the saying is, going to the devil by acting the devil in a printing office, so he sent him to live with the oldest brother who was then carrying on the cabinet making business in East Fairfield, a small town in the northern part of Vermont. In going there the route was via Ohio river to Portsmouth, Ohio, then by the Ohio canal to Cleveland, thence by the lake to Buffalo, thence by canal to Whitehall, thence lake Champlain to St. Albans, thence by stage twelve miles to East Fairfield. It took three weeks to make the trip. Now it could be made in as many days. Wesley lived with his brother four months and could not stand it any longer, so he ran away. His entire capital consisted of five cents in cash and a very common suit of clothes. He walked to St. Albans and managed to work his way to Whitehall, where he hired out to drive horses on the canal. Any one acquainted with the section he ran away from could not possibly blame him, for it was certainly at that time the most God forsaken country on the tace of the earth. After working on the canal during that season he hired out to a farmer in Washington county. New York, for his board and clothes and a three months school- ing during the winter and so worked for two years, when he went to Saratoga Springs and got an engagement as dipper boy at the Congress Springs — staying there two seasons. He laid up a little money and returned to Cincinnati, his friends not having heard from him for five years, they scarcely recognized him. He then hired out as cabin boy on a steam- boat bound for the upper Mississippi. When he arrived at Bloomington, (now Muscatine) in September, 1844, having a brother living at Iowa City, he concluded to go there and see him, so in company with others they hired a hack and arriving at Iowa City late at night, he stopped at Swan's Hotel. Just before starting from Bloomington, to accommodate a 57 902 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Stranger he changed a three dollar bill for him, and upon arriving at Iowa City he gave it to the driver for his fare. After getting to sleep the driver came and woke him up saying the bill was a bad one. It was very startling news to him, as he had but very little left, and on counting what he had he found that he had just enough to pay the driver, and for his supper and lodging, and nothing left to pay for his breakfast, so like an honest young man he went without it. He obtained employment in the office of the Iowa Capitol Reporte?', conducted by Jessie Williams, Esq., who was then territorial printer, at $3.00 per week, agreeing to do the devil work of the office, and set a column a day. The constitution ot the State was printed that winter, and he had the honor of giving it its color with the ink roller in the capacity of devil. The next year, 1845, he went to Anamosa, Jones county, to run a carding machine, having had a little experience in that business in the east. While getting along ver}^ pros- perously he was taken with the bilious fever; after getting over that he was taken with the fever and ague which was then the curse of a new country. He had to give up his situation. He returned to Iowa City and had the chills for nine months. Not able to do any hard work, in order to support himself, learned the tailoring business, and served three years time, and worked at the trade as jour tailor until the winter of 1851, when he concluded to hunt a location to start in business for himself. He selected Fort Des Moines, where he carried on the business for one year. The business being always distaste- ful to him, at the end of that time he obtained a situation as clerk in a store, where he worked for nearly one year at $25 per month; boarding him- self. He was then appointed postmaster by President Filmore. He was the successor of Hoyt Sherman, Esq., who resigned the office because it did not pay him to keep it. Soon after getting the office he started a very small book store in connection with the office. It was the fourth book store started in the state. His sales at that time, — as his old books show — were an average of about $5 per week. The average sales of the firm of Redhead, Wellslager & Co., of which Wesley is the senior mem- ber, average ebout $600.00 per day — showing that a small begining faith- fully lived up to will continue to grow. He held the office of postmaster for nearly nine years. When he resigned the office, it was one of great profit. He has never suffered himself to remain idle, although he is possessed of sufficient means to live comfortable during his life. He has for the last seven years been giving his personal attention to the business of the Des Moines Coal Company, a business he started for the purpose of developing the interests of Des Moines. He is principal owner, secre- tary and superintendent; also secretary and treasurer of the Black Diamond Coal Company, in Marion county; director of the Iowa National Bank. He is also carrying on a large farm, and at his beautiful subur- ban home, situated a mile and a half from his business, to occupy his HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 903 leisure time he has engaged in raising fine Berkshire hogs. His herd is said to be the finest in the state. You can see Wesley has not much time to be idle. He does not waste any time in litigation, never having been sued and never suing any one. He has been married twice, the first time in October, 1851, to Miss Isabel Clark, of Iowa City, a sister of Hon. Ezekiel Clark, and a sister of the wives of Ex-Governor Kirkwood, Edward Lucas, I. E. Jewett and Wm. Rutton of Iowa City, as noble a family of women as was ever raised in the old Buckeye state — they being born and raised near Mansfield, Ohio. He lived in uninterrupted happi- ness with his chosen helpmate for seven years, which were the happiest of his life, when God called her to a higher and better life; no children blessed this union. In 1860 he led to the altar Miss Annie Seymour, who was raised in Kentuck}^, she being a ward of Judge McHenry, and came to Des Moines in 1857. They have living five children— three boys and two girls and one girl, their first, in heaven. Theirs is a very happy family, not having any of the discord so common in many families of our land. The parents both being orphans, they have adopted Mrs. Burges for their mother who lives with them and has all the rights and privileges their own mother, could possibly have under any circumstances. We have written this sketch a great deal longer than most of the sketches in this history, for the reason that it affords a good model for young men, and is rather a remarkable life. It gives a life lesson to boys starting without any of the advantages that most have, and has been suc- cessful from his own merits alone, and any young man with fixed pur- doses of honesty, industry and frugality, which is far better to start with than a capital of greenbacks, can make his way in the world as well as the subject of this sketch and arrive at competence and respectability. J. A. REDFIELD, Jr., post-office, Oxford; was born in Adrian, Michigan, September 22, 1856. The fall of 1868 moved to Toledo, Ohio, where he clerked for several years, and in 1877 attended College in Toledo, and the fall of 1877 came to Oxford, and opened a store in what is known as the Wagner building, under the firm name of J. A. Redfield & Co., and in November, 1878, moved in a new brick built by Mrs. H. Kennedy, and continued in business until the night of January 16, 1879, when the building and contents were destroyed by fire; he having about lf)12,000 of a stock; insured for $8,100; since then he has been engaged as clerk in Oxford stores. The spring of 1881 he bought the stock of Moftet & O'Brien for A. P. Robert, and clerked for him about one year, and in May went to Shelby, Iowa, in the mercantile business. JACOB REES, a resident of Iowa City, on the old Dubuque road, at the wine garden; was born March 5, 1816, at Wittemberg, Germany; came to America in 1852, and settled in Johnson county, April, 1854. He began grape culture in 1862, and had the first grapes raised in Johnson county, got his first plants from Hungary, called the "White Hungarian 904 HISTORV OF JOHNSON COUNTY. grape," a medium size grape, the shape of a bird's S8, at Solon. Is a republican in politics, and voted against the amendment. He was one of the first students at the Iowa State Agri- cultural College, did not graduate on account of his health. Was one year in the drug trade in Solon ; three years in the insurance business, before he was in the drug trade; he was treasurer of school district number two, Cedar township for several years; he was appointed postmaster of Solon, July IS, ISS"!. T. G. Swoftord, the junior member of the firm, was born August 12, 18,52. Is a republican in politics; voted for the amendment. Is a member of Wayfaring Lodge, No. 385, A. F. and A. M., Solon, and he is deputy postmaster. JAMES D.TEMPLIN; was born in 1818, died August 25, 1882. He was married November 11, 1840, to Miss Jane Stevenson, of Ross county, Ohio. They had four children: John W., living in Washington county, Iowa, an attorney at law; Rebecca E., now Mrs. Ogden, living in Iowa City; Mary P., living in Iowa City, and James S., Jiving near Iowa City. Came to Iowa City in 1845, and preached about one year; went away in 1846; read law in Muscatine, and was admitted to practice, and settled in Iowa City in 1848. He was a candidate on the democratic ticket in 1856 for State Senator, and the democrat candidate for Congress in 1864. He was a Methodist, and for several years preached for that denomination ; he was admitted to the Supreme Court of United States, December 3, 1866, on motion of Judge James Grant. He was a graduate of Oxford Univer- sity, and was a teacher in that institution for a time. He is the author of the abridgment of the Iowa decisions issued in 1874. A democrat in politics; his wife died January 5, 1878. FRANK TANNER, a resident of Iowa City, a blacksmith by trade and senior member of the firm of Tanner & Baker, wholesale and retail dealers in hardware and dealers in agricultural implements, wagons and buggies; was born August 19, 1850, in New York city, came to Johnson county and Iowa City in 1863. He was man-ied October 8, 1871, to Miss Belle Dimmick, of Lincoln township, Johnson county, Iowa. They have five children: John F., Rosalee, Samuel H., Belle and Mariania. He is a member of the A. O. U. W., L. of H., Royal Arcanum, and V. A. S. of Iowa City. A democrat in politics; was elected a member of the city council from the fifth ward in 1880 and 1882, and elected member of the board of supervisors of Johnson county in 1882. He began business at Nos. 110 and 112 Washington street, March, 1882, as successor to F. C. Dooley, as hardware merchant. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 937 PERRY TANTLINGER, the owner and proorietor of the village of Tiffin, in Clear Creek township. This village was laid out on the farm owned b}' Rolla Johnson and was sold in 1866 by him to Mr. Tantlinger, being a farm of 200 acres, 16 acres have been sold off in town lots, eleven families live in the village, they have one church, the Christian; a dry goods and grocer}^ store, one ph3^sician, two blacksmith shops, one hotel and a grain elevator. The village has not been so prosperous since the farm upon which it is located passed into the hands of Mr. Tantlinger. He had some trouble with the railroad company and with the people and refused to sell any more ground, and is not now selling lots, the conse- quences are the town ceased to grow in business enterprise. Mr. Tant- linger was born March 12, IS 14, in Summerset county, Pennsylvania. He came to Johnson county in 18-14, and has accumulated a considerable quantity of solid wealth. He was formerly a democrat, but since the Abe Lincoln campaign in 1860, he has been a republican. WILLIAM H. TAYLOR, a resident of Iowa City, and merchant tailor, doing business at No. 15 on Clinton street, near the post-office; was born March 16, 1829, in Cheshire, England, came to America June 22, 1856, and to Iowa City, July 8, 1856, landed in Boston. He was married November 9, 1854, at Manchester, England, to Miss Jane E. Shelden. They have four children : Joseph E., Jennie, William H. and Carrie A. He is a member of the Masonic bodies of Iowa City, and A. O. U. W. No. 4. Democrat in politics. MATHEW TEN EICK, was born in Monmouth county, New Jersey, August 12, 1805. He was a farmer by occupation and the owner of 298 acres of land, all under cultivation. At the age of ten years his parents moved to Montgomery county, Ohio, where he received a common school education. He was married to Salome Cole, daughter of John and Hannah Cole, June 19, 1832. Mrs. TenEick is of German and Irish ancestry. They had ten children, eight of whom are living; their names are: William P., Tunis C, Mary H., Auslom, John F., Cornelia, Mathew; Tilly S. and Salome are deceased. Mr. Ten Eick built the first house that was ever built in Iowa City, in July, 1839. Their daughter, Mary, was the first child born in Iowa City. WILLIAM P. TEN EICK, Scott township, post-office, Iowa City; is a son of Mathew Ten Eick, and was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, May 26, 1833. He settled with his parents in Johnson county July 9, 1839. His occupation is farming. He was married October 20, 1858, to Miss Margaret Hunter, a native of Ohio; she was born July 20, 1844. They have a family of nine children, five of whom are still living: Char- lotte, Frank, Eddie, Matthew and Joseph; those dead are: Rubin, Mary, Maggie and Josie. He is the owner of 177 acres of land, all under culti- vation, in section 16, Scott township. 93S HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. WALTER TERRELL, a retired citizen, living in East Lucas town- ship, at Terrell's mill, on the Iowa river, north of Iowa Cit}^ was born April 14, 1805, in Caroline county, Virginia. He was educated at the public schools in Virginia. He was the owner of Terrell's mill, built by him in 1843. The main building is 22x40, three stories high, the other additions have been built since. It has three run of four-foot burrs, and three run of three and a half foot burrs. All the machinery in this mill is of the very latest improvement. Mr. Terrell sold this property to Jacob Sam in 1867, and after a few years it passed into other hands, and at the time the bank washed out in October, 1881, it was owned b}- Jacob J. Deitz and Joseph Hemnier of Iowa City. The dam is perfecth' sound and in fair condition. The cut in the bank draws the water away from the mill, and business at the mill was suspended. The mill was sold on a foreclos- ure of a mortgage, and bought by Mrs. and Miss Terrell for $4,000. Before the washout the parties that owned the mill asked $3^,000 for it and the water privileges. It was the first dam across the Iowa river. The privilege of erecting a mill and using water power was granted Mr. Terrell by the territorial legislature of Iowa. He was married in 1850 to Miss M. T. Crew of Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. They had one child, a daugh- ter, Marv A. His wife died August 13, 1853, and May 4, 1854, he was married to Miss J. T. Crew of Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. He is independent in politics, never held an office in his Hfe, and has lived the life of a private citizen in the extreme sense of the word. He was engaged in civil engin- eering in the early part of his business life on a great many railroads in Indiana and Illinois. This brief sketch hardly does justice to Mr. Terrell, but his extreme modesty came near preventing us getting as much for this history as we have. He is one of the very earliest pioneer settlers in Johnson county, and made some of the finest public improvements by way of providing a good mill for the pubhc. LEE THARPE, a farmer, residing in Lincoln township, post-office, Downey: was born October 22, 1835, in Pike county, Ohio. He settled in Linn county, Iowa, in 1857, and in Johnson county in 1866. He was married in October, 1853, to Miss Sarah E. Wells of Louisa county, Iowa. The have six children: Martha J., wife of William Miller: Mary L., Orvie A., Roenna, Frederick Geddis and William Roy. Mr. Tharpe is a republican in politics. JOHN H. THOMPSON, a farmer and stock-raiser, residing in Gra- ham township, on section 25, post-office address. Oasis; was born in 1831 in Harrison county, Ohio; he is a son of John C.and Rebecca Thompson; came to Iowa and settled in Graham township in 1852. He was married in 1857 to Miss Henrietta Perrin, daughter of Peter and Elizabeth Perrin ot Morgan county, Ohio. They have seven children. REV. HENRY M. THOMPSON, the resident pastor of the First Baptist Church in Iowa City, was born November 26, 1854, in Windsor HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 939 Vermont. In 1878 he graduated from Cobley Universit}^ at Waterville, Maine, and completed his studies at the Baptist Theological Seminary in Newton Center, Massachusetts. He preached one year and a half for a Baptist congregation at St. Marys, Ohio, previous to coming to Iowa City in November, 1881. He was married November 3, 1880. His efforts in Iowa City seems to be crowned with success, and he appears as quite a favorite among his people, as well as with the general public. GRAHAM THORN, a farmer, residing in Monroe township, post- office, Gregg; was born March 27, 1824, in Putnam county, New York. He settled in Johnson county in 18C6; he Hved eleven 3'ears in DuPage county, Illinois. He was married in September, 1851, to Miss Laura M. Baley, of Putnam county. New York; she died May 30, 1878, leaving four children: Emftia, Eva, Alma, Rufus C, Emma, is the wife of Wil- son Blaine, county superintendent of. public schools; Eva, wife of John Hemstead: Alma, wife of Levi Anderson. Mr. Thorn is a democrat in politics; he has held the office of postmaster three years for the Gregg post-office, a justice of the peace four years, clerk of the school board two years, township clerk for eight years, which office he now holds. CAPT. J. A. L. TICE, a resident of Iowa City; was born September 29, 1829, in Lebanon count}', Pennsylvania. A coach-maker by trade. During the war he raised company G, Seventeenth Regiment Pennsyl- vania Volunteer Infantry, and was elected its captain; he raised this com- pany and traveled forty-six miles in forty-two hours, after getting authority. He was married May 13, 18.52, to Miss Maria Eckel, of Fremont, Penn- sylvania. This union is blessed with two children: Ellen, wife of J. H. Keating, of Sedalia, Missouri, and Mary C, wife of Robert M. Combe, of Oxford, Iowa. Member of the Presbyterian Church of Iowa City. A member of the Masonic bodies of Iowa City, and a charter member of the Iowa Legion of Honor, and charter member of the German A. O.U. W. of Iowa City, and now deputy supreme president for the State of Iowa of the United Order of Honor. A republican in politics; was appointed city treasurer March 25, 1872, to fill the vacancy occurring by the death of John Renick. He was United Stat*^ store-keeper at the Iowa City Alcohol Works for three years. DAVID TOWNLY; was born April 2, 1835, in Essex county. New Jersey; came to Johnson county and settled in Union township in 1859, on section 16, and began farming. He is a stone mason by trade, but carries on farming also. He was married in May, 1862, to Mrs. Bridget Welsh, of Union township. They have four children: Sarah S., Daniel, Annie and Mary. He was burned out once by a prairie fire, both house and barn, and lost every thing, but by his energy and industry has made fair headway after all misfortunes. In politics he is a democrat, and voted against the prohibitory constitutional amendment. 940 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. PETER p. TRIMBLE, poultry man, post-ofRce,Ladora, Iowa count}'-; was boi-n in Tennessee, November 23, 1806; at the age of six he went to Ohio, where he spent his boyhood days, and came to Johnson county in 1842, and lived in Iowa City, and he and Wm. May furnished the lime to build the capitol buildmg; the lime costing a little over $600. He lived in and near the city eleven years; he and his brother built the first jail in Iowa City. He has traveled extensively; having lived with his family in eighteen States; he is a cooper and cabinet maker by trade, and now owns a farm of forty acres at Ladora, Iowa county, and has been engaged in the poultry business thirteen ^^ears. He was married in Indiana, January 1, 1840, to Huldah A. McGuire, a native of Kentucky. This union has been blessed with ten children, nine living: Andrew J., William, Charles, deceased; Elizabeth, Nancy, Peter F., George H., Jane, Mathew, and Arthur. * GEORGE TRUMBO, publisher of Oxford Democrat; was born at Rockport, Ohio, June 3, 1844; at the age of thirteen he commenced to learn the printers' trade, and worked in the Gazette office, at Lima, Ohio, seven years; he then went to Van Wert, Ohio, and May 1, 1864, enhsted in company C, 151st Ohio Volunteer Infantr}^ and received three wounds near Washington, and was discharged on account of being poisoned. He then continued in the printing business, and also engaged in the dry goods trade about a year and a half, at Beaver Dam, Ohio; he then sold out and came to Cedar county, Iowa, in January, 1869, and farmed one season; he then bought a half interest in the West Liberty Enterprise^ in Octo- ber, 1869, and continued in that office until January, 1875, when he sold out, and in October, 1876, started a paper called the Re-porter^ at West Liberty, which he published until November, 1877, when he removed his office to Riverside, and published the Riverside Times^ then sold out and came to Oxford, and started the Oxford Journal^ May 10, 1878, and con- tinued its publication until April, 1879; he sold out to Wilson & Tem- pleman, and January 26, 1881, he started the Oxford Democrat^ which paper he is still publishing. He was married November 7, 1868, to Miss Martha W. Read, a native of Allen county, Ohio. They have three children: Jessie, Kate and Glenn, and two deceased. COL. S. C. TROBRIDGE, a resident of Iowa City, living in a pleas- ant home on Iowa Avenue, and the present librarian of the State Histor- ical Society. He was the first sheriff of Johnson county, and has held several responsible positions of honor, profit and trust. He has been a constant witness to all the important passing events in Iowa City from its infancy; he is a man of wonderful memory. He was engaged in the drug business in Iowa City from 1846 to 1 854, since which time he has lived rather a retired life. It is impossible to write the life of this old pioneer, his his- tory is so interwoven in all the early history ot Iowa City and Johnson county, that hardly a chapter of this history can be written without his HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 941 beingr identified with some of its facts. We have urged in vain for a per- sonal biography from his own lips. He has always declined on the grounds that he did not desire to appear too conspicuous in history. He has lead a blameless life, doing all the good that he could, living honestly, hurting nobody, and always rendering unto everybody their just dues, and no person is under more obligation to him for kindness shown, than the historian of Johnson county. Col. T. is a republican in politics, and a prominent member of the Masonic bodies in Iowa City. Every Wednes- day and Saturday of each week he is found at his post of duty in the State Historical Society rooms on Washington street, obliging and atten- tive to visitors. He has always proved faithful to all trusts in his care. NATHAN H. TULLOSS, M. D. The subject of this sketch was born March 24, 1826, in East Fairfield, Columbiana county, Ohio, and died in Iowa Cit}^ April IJ, 1882. He was married April 1, 1847, to Miss Amy Williamson, of Fairfield. He settled in Iowa City, May, 1S61, and practiced dentistry until his death. He graduated in dentistry at Phila- delphia, Pa., in 1860, and graduated from the Medical College of the State University of Iowa in 1871. He was the senior member of the Hawkeve Machine Works of Iowa City. His two sons, Frank and Ira, learned the machinist trade in one of the largest firms in Ohio, where they were trained into such proficiency that now proves their greatest pride. He bought the Jones foundry and established his two sons in bus- iness, and watched the development of the business with the keenest interest. He was eminently public spirited, active in all enterprises for the good of the city. He was for a long time a member of the city coun- cil, and of the city school board. FRANK TULLOSS, a resident of Iowa City, and one of the proprie- tors of the Hawkeye machine shop of Iowa City. Was born Aug. 5, 1857, in Salem, Ohio. He learned the trade of machinist in the Buckeye Engine Works of Salem, Ohio. He came to Iowa City in May, 1861. He was married Sept. 5, 1876, to Miss Annie Cooper, of Iowa City. They have one child, Fredrick. He is a republican in politics. IRA E. TULLOwSS, a resident of Iowa City, and one of the proprie- tors of the Hawkeye machine shops of Iowa City. Was born January 10, 1855, in Ceder county, Iowa. Settled in Johnson county, Iowa City, in May, 1861. He learned the trade of a moulder in the Buckeye Engine Works of Salem, Ohio. He was married Dec. 9, 1874, to Miss Belle McMillan, of Salem, Ohio. They have one child, Carrie P. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. lodge. No 153, of Iowa City. He is a repub- lican in politics. EDWARD TUDOR, a resident of Iowa City, and interested in the pork packing-house, and other public enterprises in the city; was born March 6, 1825, in Wales; settled in Johnson county, Iowa, in April, 942 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 1845, on Old Man's creek; has been engaged in farming and stock-rais- ing. He was married September 16, 1863, to Miss Elizabeth Baxter, of Sharon township. They have four children: Mary J., Elizabeth Ruth, wife of Evan Rowland of Union township; Cyrus and Richard B, He is a republican in politics, and a member of the board of supervisors of John- son county in 1869; has been trustee of township, and secretary of the school board. He is a stockholder and one of the directors of the pack- ing-house in Iowa City. He is a member of the Congregational Church on Old Man's Creek. }. C. ULUM, stock-dealer, Solon: was born in Licking county, Ohio, March 24, 184.5. At the age of ten he emigrated to Iowa with his parents, Josiah and Elizabeth Ulum, and settled in Big Grove township. Here the subject of this sketch has spent the greater part of his life. He was in the army a year and a half and in Ohio two years. He is now engaged in buying, feeding, and shipping stock, which he has been engaged in for the past ten years. He was married in Ohio December 25, 1867, to Miss Helen M. Horton, a native of Licking county, Ohio. They have two children, Grant and Luella. GEORGE ULCH, Cedar township, son of James and Lindmaley Ulch; was born in Bohemia, April 19, 1850, and emigrated to America with his parents, and came direct to Johnson county, and settled in Cedar town- ship, where he has since resided, and now owns 128 acres of land well improved. He has held several township offices, and the fall of 1881 was elected member of the board of county supervisors, a position he fills with honor. He was married October 10, 1871, to Anna Krob, a native of Bohemia. They are members of the Catholic Church. ADAM UXRATH, a resident of Iowa City, doing a general grocery business on the corner of Linn and Market streets; began business August 28, 1878. He is a blacksmith by trade, having learned his trade in Europe; was born February 15, 1830, at Hesse Darmstadt, Germany; came to America in March, 1852; landed in New York; worked two years on the State-house in Columbus, Ohio, and came to Iowa City in the spring of 1855. He was married in October, 1861, to Miss Barbara Mel- fold of Iowa City. She died of consumption July 14, 1882. They had four children: Mary, John, Philip, and Frank. The family are members of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church of Iowa City. He is a democrat in politics. JOHN R. VANFLEET, was born December 6, 1818 in Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania; died October 6, 1881, in Iowa City, of typhoid fever. He came to and settled in Johnson county, Iowa, in 1839. He was married September 22, 1848, to Miss Ellen Smith, daughter of John Smith, who settled in Liberty township in April, 1840. Miss Smith was born Novem- ber 5, 1828, in Butler county, Ohio. Her father was born in Harrisburg, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 943 Pennsylvania. They had four children: Hattie, wife of W. E. Crum of Bedford, Iowa; Ella V., wife of H. M. Hadley of Davenport: Morgan M., married and residing in Bedford, Iowa, and Maude, a daughter residing with her mother. A democrat in politics; served his party in several offices of honor, profit and trust. He served as a member of the board of supervisors; a member of the city council, 1859, 1862, and 1865; served on the Iowa City school board a number of years. He was a Mason, and a member of the Christian Church in Iowa Citv. PETER VONSTEIN, a resident of Penn township, post-office. North Liberty; was born December 28, 1819, in Germany; came to America, 1825, lived in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, until 1850, visited Johnson county, and bought some land and went back east, settled in this town- ship in 1858. He married April 5, 1858, to Miss Mary F. Roessler. They have four children: Hanie, Mary, Sarah, and a boy dead. He is a mem- ber of the Lutheran Evangelical Church of Penn township, and a demo- crat in politics. He has a fine farm, lives well and takes great interest in church and school matters. JOHN WAGNER. The subject of this sketch was born 1795, and was eight\'-seven years of age at his death, in July, 1882. A typical Ger- man from Allendorf on the Lawn, Germany. He came to America in 1856, landed in New York city; he had a family of ten children: two died in Germany, and John. Louis, Peter, PhiHp, Katie, wife of J. B. Schaedler, of Iowa City; Annie E., wife of J. B. Baumer, of Iowa Citv, and Antone. He was mayor of Allendorf twent\^-one years, and a custom house officer for seven years at Meinz on the Rhine ; he came to America to get lands for his family of boys, and lived to see all his children well settled in lite. His daughter, Mrs. Baumer, was born December 11, 18-12. in Germany, her husband, J. B. Baumer, was born in April, 1823, in Switzerland, and came to America in 1843: her first husband was Christian Haas, a brewer in Iowa- City, to whom she was married August 7, 1860. This union was blessed with two children: Hannah K., wife of Fred Grandrath, and Josie E., single and living with her mother; her husband died March 20, 1S64; she married Oswald Swere November 28, 1865: he was killed at State Center, June 7, 1872, by a falling stone. She married Mr. Baumer November 28, 1876. By this union she has two children: John B. and August A. She is a member of the German Lutheran Church of Iowa City. Mr. Baumer is a Mason and Odd Fellow. He is a democrat in politics. GEORGE W. WAGNER, a farmer, residing in Sharon township, post-otfice, Iowa City, a son of George W. Wagner, deceased, of Wash- ington township; was born May 24, 1859, in Washington township, John- son county. He was married December 23, 1880, to Miss Jennie Shaver, onl}^ daughter ot Capt. P. E. Shaver, of Washington township. A democrat 944 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. in politics. The people of Sharon township made him a justice of the peace in 1882, and that in a republican township speaks well for a young democrat's popularity. He went to CaHfornia in 1880, and after sight seeing a short time concluded to settle down in Johnson county; he bought a farm in Sharon township of 300 acres, upon which he now resides, and upon which is two fine orchards of about three acres each, a fine brick dwelling, a barn 30x80, and he built in 1882 a barn 38x76, and now has sufficient room for his farm products, and shelter for his fine Spanish Merino sheep, his Short-horn cattle and Poland China hogs. We can safely say he is a successful farmer, and not far from being a successful politician. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge, No. 149, at Dayton, Washington county. JOHN P. WAGNER, a farmer, residing in Washington township, post-office, Frank Pierce; was born May 11, 1845, in Licking county, Ohio; came to Iowa in 1846 with his parents, who settled in Washington township, on the farm upon which he now resides. He was married Octo- ber 15, 1870, to Miss Carrie Van Meter, of Iowa City. By this union they have two children: Thomas M. and Ella J. The family are mem- bers of the Christian Church, at Frank Pierce, Iowa. A democrat in politics, and he is one of the successful farmers in Washington township, a fine farm with a splendid dwelling house and barn, and plenty of good stock of all kinds. JOHN L. WALDRON, a farmer residing in Lincoln township, post- office, Iowa City; was born May 24, 1818, near Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; came to Iowa in 1855. He was married in 1844, to Miss Isabella Steward of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. In the fall of 1856 his wife and eldest son were frozen to death on the prairie near his home in Pleasant Valley town- ship. While on their way home from meeting they got lost in a heavy snow storm, and Mr. W. got out of his wagon to find the road, and could not find his team again, wandered around and came to a farm-house nearly frozen. The party set out in search of the team and family, and found his wife and child frozen to death. Mr. W. had his feet so badly frozen that he has been practically disabled since. He has seven children, four from his first wife and three by his second wife. He married for his sec- ond wife a Miss JuHa Kelley of Iowa City, in 1860. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church of Iowa City, and all his family are members of that church. He is a republican in politics. He was elected township clerk in 1860, and held that office four years; he also held the office of school director. HENRY WALKER, farmer, post-office. River Junction; was born in Portage county, Ohio, March 9, 1829, and is a son of James and Sarah (Barnett) Walker, who came to Pleasant Valley, this county in 1841. The subject of our sketch was the youngest of rune children, tive boys HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 945 and four girls. He was reared on a farm, and early became accustomed to the hardships of pioneer life. In 1849 he took the gold fever and went to California with the company from Iowa City, being about six months on the road, driving four yoke of oxen to one wagon. He remained on the western slope four years, and followed mining, then started home with i^2,600. He then bought 220 acres of land in section 12, where he now resides, and has, by industry and economy, been enabled to purchase more land, and now owns about one thousand acres, and has a fine brick resi- dence and a very pleasant home. He was married March 14, 1854, to Harriet McComas, a native of Ohio, she dying January 7, 1878. By this marriage there are two children: Laura, now Mrs. William Fairall and Mary, now Mrs. Charley Shelledy. He was again married May 15, 1880, to Miss Martha Sweet, daughter of David and Lydia Sweet, who came to Fremont township in 1838. He raises and also buys considerable stock, feeding during the winter, and generally ships his own stock to market, and is one of the most enterprising farmers in this part of the county. JAMES WALKER, farmer, post-office, River Junction; was born in Portage county, Ohio, March 3, 1816, where he spent his earh^ life. In the fall of 1837 he came with his brothers, Joseph and Samuel, to Johnson count}-, and settled in Pleasant Valley township, where they staked out their claims and each improved farms. The subject of our sketch lived there about eight years, then came to Fremont township, where he has since resided, and owns 200 acres of land, all well improved. He was married May 2, 1858, to Mary Fountain, daughter of John and Hannah Fountain. They have eight children: Henry, Jane E., now Mrs. Jerry Canott, John, Joseph, Ella, James, Daniel and Charlie. J. R. WARD, physician, Oxford, Iowa; was born on the Isle of Man August 31, 1846, and is of English descent. He is a son of Francis and Mary A. (Wilson) Ward, Francis Ward being a Methodist minister, and engaged on the Isle of Man as local preacher and also in what is known as an "iron-monger." In 1852 they went to Texas, but only remained a few weeks. They then went to Cleveland, Ohio, and bought a farm a few miles from the city, and in 1856, came and settled in Madison town- ship, this county, Mr. and Mrs. Ward dying the winter of 1880. The subject of our sketch never went to school until he was thirteen years of age, having been taught at home. He then went to the Model School at Iowa City; then to the academical department of the State University three years, and in 1870, began the study of medicine with Prof. J. C. Schrader of Iowa City, and graduated at the medical department of the State University March 3, 1873. In 1874 he located in Oxford, and has been one of the most successful practitioners in the county. In 1880 he attended the practitioner's course at Chicago Medical College, and the spring of 1882 he attended a course and graduated at Bellevue Hospital 946 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Medical College, New York City, March 15, 1882. He is a member of Iowa City Chapter, No. 2, also of Palestine Commandery, No. 2, and of several other lodges. He was married September 30, 1873, to Miss Marv A. Doty, daughter of Lewis and Hannah Doty of Oxford, and has one girl, Clara Edith, six years old. A. P. WALKER, the present mayor of Solon, Big Grove township; was born-September 26, 1854, in Tioga county. New York; settled in John- son countv, Iowa, October 22, 1865. He was married March 19, 1859, to Miss Jennie True of Solon. They have seven children: Charles T., Mertie W., Iva F., George A., Jesse K., Martha A., Annie M. He is a member of the Universalist Church, and voted for the prohibitory amend- ment. He is a greenbacker in politics, and was their candidate for sheriff of Johnson county in 1881. He met with an accident in 1877, his arm being broken by falling from a loaded wagon upsetting. JOSEPH WALKER, a farmer and stock-raiser of Pleasant Valley tow^nship, post-office, Iowa City; was born September 19, 1819, in Por- tage county, Ohio; came to Iowa and settled on Buck creek, in Pleasant Valley township, September 1, 1837, and took up the first claim on Bear Creek, the farm upon which he now resides, of 320 acres. His brothers, Samuel and James, took up claims near him, and lived upon them for eight or ten years. He was married June 25, 1850, to Miss Jane Powel- son, of Washington county, Iowa. They have five children: Mary, Henrv A., Joseph L., Callie, Emma. He is a member of the Universalist Church at Iowa vCity, and a republican in politics, and voted against the prohibitory amendment; has held several township offices, trustee and school director. He is a stockholder in the Johnson County Savings Bank, and one of its directors. He is one ot the Johnson county farmers who have made a success in life, and accumulated a sufficient amount of wordly goods to live comfortably. B. P. WATSON, farmer, post-office. River Junction; was born June 3, 1816. His granfather, Samuel Watson, was a soldier of the Revolution from the first until its close, and also in the war of 1812. At an early age the subject of our sketch was left fatherless, and was the fifth of seven children, and when a little over five years of age he commenced work in a cotton factory, and only got three months schooling afterward. He worked there the greater part of the time for thirty years. In 1857 he emigrated to Illinois, LaSalle county, and followed farming, and in 1865 came to Johnson county, and bought the farm he now fives on of 200 acres, and has it well improved. He was married at Plainfield, Connec- ticut, September 4, 1843, to Miss Hannah Cole, a native of that state. They have one son, Chancey L., who is still at home, and has charge of the farm. He raises some fine horses and cattle. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 947 LEWIS H. WATSON, carria^emaker, Oxford, Iowa; was born in Ireland, January 16, 1835, and came to the United States in 1849, and the same year commenced his trade in New York City, where he remained three years; then went to West Chester and Hved until 1873, when he came to Iowa, and settled in Oxford, where he has since resided. He was mar- ried April 8, 1856, to Louisa Stanton, a native of New York, but of English descent, she dying March 29, 1882, leaving five children: Annie M., now Mrs. Estabrook; Benjamin L., Francis L., Ella L., and William S. Mr. Watson is a member of the Presbyterian Church, A. O. U. W., and A. O. H., and is present assessor of Oxford. PETER J. WEBER, farmer, residing in Union township, on section 9; was born March 3, 1828, in Prussia. Came to America in August, 1852, and settled in Iowa City, the same year with his father's family. He being the eldest was compelled to share the largest part of the respon- sibility of supporting the family. He was married in August, 1854, to Miss Rosa Schunka. They have ten children: Henry, John, Peter, Wil- lie, Mary, Annie, Lizzie, Frank, George and Eddie. The family are members of the St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church ol Iowa City. He is a democrat in politics, and has held several township offices at the hands of his party. He began life a poor boy, and now owns 370 acres of land in Union township, a fine orchard, 800 stands of Concord grapes, and plenty of all kinds of small fruit, good farm buildings and plenty of good stock of all kinds usually kept on a farm. ISAAC S. WEEBER, a farmer and resident of Sharon township; post-office address Iowa City: was born Feb. 26, 1841, in Crawford county, Ohio. He came to Johnson count\', Iowa, with his parents in 1847, and settled in Sharon township. He was married Dec. 25, 1865, to Miss Jennie Clark, of Sharon township. They have eight children: Net- tie, Lizzie, Artie, Carrie, Willie, Minnie, Annie and Walter. His father was born Dec. 30, 1806, in Germany; is still living, and with his son Isaac. Mr. W's. mother died in November, 1868. He has held several township offices, and is the present township clerk of Sharon, elected in 1882. He is a stockholder and director in the Sharon creamery, also the treasurer of the company. He is one of the successful farmers of Sharon township, and keeps fine stock. He has the only herd of Devonshire cows in the county; a fine lot of Spanish merino sheep, plenty of Poland China hogs, and makes a specialty of fine horses, draft and roadsters. His horses are from an imported Belgian thorough-bred. JOHN C WEISER, hardware, post-office Lone Tree; was born in Germany, Feb. 2, 1850, and came to America when about two years of age, his parents first living in Buffalo, N. Y., then came to Muscatine, where the subject of our sketch learned the tinner's trade, and had a tin shop, and in March, 1881, came to Lone Tree and put in a general stock 948 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. of hardware and has a tin shop, and is doing a flourishing business. He was married Aug. 15, 1870, to Miss Virginia F. Freeman, of Muscatine, and have had five children, four still living: Lillie C, George W., Hattie May and John J. Mr. Weiser is a member of the United Order of Honor at Lone Tree. WILLARD J. WELCH, a merchant on Dubuque street, proprietor of the "star grocery". Was born Aug. 12, 1855, at Oshkosh, Wis. Settled in Iowa City in October, 1878. He graduated from collegiate department of the State University of Iowa, in the class of 1875. He was married Oct. 23, 1878, to Miss Lillie L. Patterson, only daughter of the Hon. Lemuel B. Patterson, of Iowa City. ALBERT WESCOTT, Jr., resident of Scott township on section 16, and the owner of 220 acres of land; a farmer and stock raiser. Was born March 17, 1833, in the State of New York. At the age of fifteen years he went to Lake county, Ohio, and remained until the fall of 1854, when he settled in Iowa City, and for four years was engaged in the drug busi- ness. In 1859, he moved on the farm upon which he now resides. He was married in Scott township, this county, in 1866, to Miss Mar}^ Par- rott. She was born on section 9, in Scott township in 1844. They have five children: Adda A., Minnie S., Katie E., Albert L. and Wallis. MOSES A. WESCOTT. The subject of this seetch was born May 5, 1825, in Milford, Otsego county, N. Y. Came to Johnson county, Iowa, in 1857. He was married in June, 1851, to Miss L. Caroline Goodrich, of Milford, N. Y. She died July 29, 1877. They had four children: Laura, wife of Wm. Scollard, Hattie, wife of J. K. Graham, Edith, wife of Wm. Orr, and Sennett. Mr. W. is a democrat in politics. His father, Albert Wescott, was born Dec. 5, 1798, in Warwick, Ireland; died near Iowa City, Dec. 21, 1880. His mother, Charlotte Bissell, was born Feb. 28, 1803, in Hartwick, Otsego county, N. Y., still living. His parents settled in Johnson county, in 1860. Their family of children now living are: Moses A., Caroline, widow of C. L. Hoytt, Eliza, wife of B. F. Hayden, of Lake county, Ohio, Albert Jr., Jane, Edwin R., Hving in Auburn, N. Y. and Emory and Emmer, twins. All highly respected and well to-do. CHARLES WETOSHAK, farmer and stock raiser, Jefferson town- ship, post-office. Western, Linn county; was born July 4, 1856, in John- son county. His parents, John and Frances Wetoshak, are natives of Moravia, Bohemia, they came to the United States, and settled in John- son county in 1854, in section 2; where Charles was raised on a farm. He went to school at St. Louis and also at Western College, Linn county. On the 17th day of May, 1877, he was married to Miss Anna Confal, daughter of Joseph Confal, of this county. 'His family consits of three children: Joseph C, born March 28, 1878; Anna, born June 2, 1880; HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 949 Charles, born January 8, 1882. Mr. Wetoshak owns 188 acres in this county, where he resides, and 80 acres in Linn county, in section 34, just across the line. He follows farming and stock raising; his stock is ol the best; he paid $400 for a span of horses and they can't be beat. He has 60 head of cattle and 70 hogs; he also owns and runs a thresher. Mr. Wetoshak is one of the substantial farmers of this county and a man highly respected by everyone. He has held the office of constable. W. D. WHEDON, the present popular and efficient count}- recorder, was born October 5, 1860, in Albion, state of New York, came to John- son county and settled in Iowa City October 5, 1870. He was in the recorder's office under Alex. Sorter for two years as his deputy, and he has become as thorough-going and practical as his instructor. Mr. Sorter resigned April 7, 1882, and the board of supervisors of Johnson county accepted his resignation and immediately appointed Mr. Whedon, his deputy, as recorder. "Billy," as he is commonly called, is one of the "boys," a generous, good-natured, straight-forward and honest young man, with a host of good friends. JOHN H. WHETSTONE, a resident of Iowa City, engaged in the drug trade on the north-east corner of Clinton and Washington streets, commonly called the "little one-horse drug store." It might have been such when started, but it has been a success, and it makes John feel proud now to' call it a "little one-horse drug store." He was born September 18, 1846, in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, settled in Iowa City in 1870, and began clerking in Morrison's drug store, and June, 1874, he estab- lished himself in the drug business at the stand he now occupies. He was married September 8, 1880, to Miss Mahaska Byington, second daughter of Hon. Legrand Byington. A republican in politics. HARRY A. WHITE, the present efficient postmaster of North Liberty; was born September 15, 1847, at Bedford, Pennsylvania, and settled in Johnson county in 1875. He was married December 27, 1868, to Miss Elizabeth Alloway, of Fulton county, Pennsylvania. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge No. 289, at North "^Liberty; he is a republican in politics, and has been postmaster since April 21, 1877. He keeps the only store in North Liberty, carries a general stock of merchan- dise. He is a shoemaker .by trade and is doing a good business. He is a member of the Church of God at North Liberty. JOHN WHITSEL, a resident of Iowa City; was born December 26, 1841, in Jefferson county, Pennsylvania; settled in Iowa City in 1877. He was married January 17, 1863, to Miss Mary A. Dana, of Clmton county, Iowa. They have seven children: Mary J., George, Nellie, Anna, Lillie L., John and James. He is section foreman of Iowa City division ol the B., C. R. & N. R. R. He has been* railroading for thirteen years. Fle enlisted from Scott c^unt}-, Iowa, in company B, Eighth Iowa infantrv. He 59i 950 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. is a republican in politics and voted against the prohibitory constitutional amendment. GEORGE WICAL, a farmer, residing in Liberty township, post-office, Bon Accord; was born December 4, 1821, in Licking" county, Ohio; set- tled in Johnson county, in 1851; his father, Daniel Wical, was born in Augusta county, Virginia, in February 1, 1798, and is the oldest man now living in Liberty township. George Wical was married April 23, 1847, to Miss Fanny Chapman, of Homer, Licking county, Ohio. This union is blessed with the following named children: Emma, Einora and Harry. Mr. Wical is independent in politics. HENRY J. WIENEKE, a resident of Iowa City, manager of Mrs. J. G. Fink's cigar and notion store, on Clinton street, first door south of the post-office; was born August 30, 1837, in Monroe county, Ohio. He set- tled in Iowa in 1845 and worked in a bakery, and afterward learned the cabinet maker's trade. He was married December 3, 1857, to Miss Caro- lina Kimball, of Iowa. This union is blessed with the following named eight children: Caroline, Harry, Nellie, Minnie, Charlie, George, Laura and Robert. He was a faithful soldier in the late civil war in company B, 14th and 41st Regiments Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and of company L, 7th Regiment Iowa Cavalry, and served from 1861 to 1865. He is a republican in politics. A member of the German Lutheran Chuijch of Iowa City. A member of Masonic and Odd Fellow societies of Iowa City. You can always find Henry at the counter ready to supply his customers with choice brands of cigars and tobacco. BENJAMIN WILLIAMS, (deceased); was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, August 20, 1807, where he spent his early life, and married Susannah Concle, in December, 1830; she also being a native of that county. They came to Johnson county, Iowa, and settled on section six, in Oxford township, in 1844, where Mr. Williams died August 19, 1855, leaving seven children, viz.: Jesse, now in California; Peter, now in Oxford; Tanner, now Mrs. Wallace; Josephine, now Mrs. Mahoney; Lue, still at home; Mary, now Mrs. Morland, and Mattie, now Mrs. Merritt. Josephine was married December 24, 1865, to Jerry Mahoney, a native of Ireland; he dying December 20, 1873, leaving four children, viz.: Mary E., Kitty, John M. and Susan. She is now living on her farm in section thirty-one. ENOCH WILLIAMS, farmer. Cedar township, post-office, Solon; was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, July 8, 1840, where he spent his boyhood days, and is a son of George and Mary Williams. In the spring of 185G they emigrated to Iowa and settled in Johnson county, where he has since resided, and now owns 160 acres of well improved land. He was married February 7, 1867, to Mary S. Sutlift', daughter of Allen C. SutlifF, one of the pioneers of Johnson county. By this union HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 951 there are five children now living, viz.: Allen G., Ellen G., Kate S.. Jesse E., and Ralph E. ROBERT WILLIAMS, a resident of Iowa City, and a partner of the firm of Waterman & Williams, drygoods and notions, on Clinton street, in Iowa City; was born in February, 1842, in Denbigh, North Wales. He came to America in 1868, and in July of 1868 settled in Iowa City. He engaged in the dry goods business with D. Griffith, in the same store he now occupies, and was with him seven years, and bought him out, and the firm became Waterman & Williams in 1875. He has one of the best filled and regulated drygoods and notion houses in Iowa City. He was married July 15, 1868, to Miss Katie Williams of Cincinnati, Ohio. They have three children, Ella H., Fred B. and Manly. The family are mem- bers of the Presbyterian Church of Iowa City. He is a member of the Masonic bodies of Iowa City. He is independent in politics. He was thrown behind a drygoods counter at ten years of age, and has worked over thirty-one years in that capacity, and such experience ought to qualify him for the drygoods business. JACOB R. WILLIS, a resident of Clear Creek township, post-office. Tiffin; was born July 3, 1818, in Preble county, Ohio, near Eaton; settled in Johnson county, Iowa, in February, 1815, on the farm upon which he now resides, section 19. He was married July 5, 1845, to Miss Rebecca Lancaster of Clear Creek township. They have three children: Mary' A., wife of Londa Gruell of Phelps county, Kansas, a farmer near Repub- lican City. James W. and Henry, both dead. He is a member of the Christian Church of Tiffin, and is a Republican in politics. His father and mother both died when he was quite youag, and the result was Mr. W. was compelled to struggle for a living. He has finally proven himself a successful farmer, the owner of a fine farm and plenty of stock, such as Short-horn cattle, fine Woolscott sheep, and good horses. He has a fine apple orchard of six acres and plenty of all kinds of small fruit. WILLIAM F. WILSON, farmer, post-office. Lone Tree; was born in Essex county. New York, September 13, 1837, where he spent his early life and got a good common school education. He then went to Pennsylvania and remained there two years and emigrated to Iowa in 1855 and settled in Louisa county, with his parents, Alex E. and Mary P. He was on the Chicago & Rock Island railroad two vears, and then went to farming, and in 1868 he engaged in the sale of farm machinery, which he followed until 1878. In the fall of 1868 he moved to Fremont town- ship, Johnson county, where he has improved a farm and has good build- ings and a pleasant home. He was married October 9, 1862, to Leah J. Hershy, a native of Fulton county, Pennsylvania, coming to this State in 1854. They have had eight children, three now living. Willis H., born December 23, 1864, Louie E., born August 30, 1867, and Frederick L. born February 5, 1882. 60 952 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. J. W. WILSON, miller, Oxford, Iowa; was born in Rush county, Indiana, October, 1840. When he was four years old his parents moved to Washington county, Iowa, where he spent his early life on a farm, until the war. He was then attending ihe Washington University. He enlisted in April, 1861, in company H, Second Iowa infantr}', the com- pany being made up of students. He served until July 1865; had com- mand of the company for some time. He was married September 10, 1866, to Miss A. E. Wilson of North Bend, this county. They now have three children living: Clarence H., Nellie N., and Clara R. In 1871 he moved to Oxford, and engaged in the lumber trade. He was and still is, agent for the town lots of Oxford, most all having passed through his hands, and in May, 1881, he bought the Oxford flouring-mills, and is doing a good business in that line. He is a member of Canopy Lodge, 290, and of Palestine Commander}^, No. 2, of Iowa City; also a member of the A. O. U. W., and of the Methodist Church. He is a public spir- ited man, and possesses the confidence of all who know him. THOMAS W. WILSON, a farmer residing in Pleasant Valley town- ship, post-office, Iowa City; was born in 1808, in Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania; was married in 1827. He left Pennsylvania in 1831, moving west in a six-horse wagon. He stopped in Zanesville, Ohio, until 1837; went to Cincinnati, and lived there till ] 849, and previous to settling in Iowa, spent two years m California in 1849 and 1850. His family of children are all grown: James, at home; Samuel, in St. Louis; Mary, in Chicago; Cornelia, married and living at Sioux City: and Olivia, living at home. Mr. Wilson is a member of the Trinity Chapel Episcopal Church, Iowa City. He is a republican in politics; was the republican candidate for sheriff in 1857. He has held several township offices, such as trustee, road supervisor and school director. ]. R. WISE, a farmer in Pleasant Valley ^township, post-office, Lone Tree; was born April ]5, 1817, in Northampton county, Pennsylvania. He was married in 1836, to Miss Julia A. Wise; came to Iowa City the 29th day of May, 1856. They have nine children: Cilade, born July 27, 1839; George, born July, 1842; Adam, born 1843; Charles, born 1844; Martha A., born 1847; Emma H., born 1849; Mary Alice, born 1851; Daniel R., born 1852; Eva Albina, born 1857. JOSEPH WLACK, a citizen of Solon, Big Grove township, and engaged in the butchering business; was born October 15, 1833, in Bohe- mia; came to America July, 1854, and settled in Iowa in Cedar township, and engaged in farming until 1871, when he moved into Solon and opened a butcher shop and restaurant. He was married September 9, 1866, to Miss Mary Cipera, of Iowa City. They have nine children: Annie J., Joseph F., Mary and Emma, twins; Charles, Frank, Deha, Emanuel G., and George W. Mr. Wlack is a democrat in politics. Was township HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 953 trustee in 1878 ; voted against the prohibitory constitutional amendment. He is a member of Eureka Lodge, No. 44, I. O. O. F., Iowa City. DAVID W. WOOD, a lawyer by profession; residence, Iowa City. The subject of this sketch was born September 11, 1844, near Mt. Vernon, Knox county, Ohio. The war for the Union found him one of its defend- ers. He enlisted in company G, Twentieth Ohio Infantry, September 11, 1861, and served to July 19, 1865; he then read law and was admitted to practice at the December term, 1867, of the Supreme Court of Ohio, and continued the practice until 1881, when he went to Colorado, where he edited and published a newspaper one year, and then settled in Iowa City. He was a prisoner of war during the dark days of the Rebellion and lost his health in a rebel prison. His military duty did not end with the war; he was captain of company A, Mt. Vernon National Guards of Ohio, and with his company was on duty during the great coal miner's riot at Mas- sillon in 1876, and in the railroad riots' in 1877 at Newark, Ohio. Mr. Wood was married February 27, 1875, to Miss Mattie E., daughter of Mr. W. F. Smith, one of the first settlers of Washington township, John- son county, Iowa. This union is blessed with two bright little boys: D. W. Jr., born April 1, 1877, and Charles W., born February 2, 1879. Mr. Wood is a republican in politics, and a member of nearl}^ all the leading benevolent societies of the present day. He was educated in the faith of the M. E. Church, both father and mother devoted and faithful members of that church and adhering to its strictest practice, his father from the old Dominion State, and his mother from Hagerstown, Maryland. He believes in America — the United States especially, and its untrammeled institutions as the sign of her future prosperity, but is opposed to a union of church and State. He believes the common schools the grandest insti- tution of our free country, and is opposed to any man or set of men who would circumscribe their usefulness. He is favorable to local option and opposed to prohibition as a method of enforcing temperance, but favors moral suasion as the best means of reformation, from evils of intemper- ance. Personally, Mr. Wood is a most courteous and pleasant gentleman with a pleasing address and fine conversational gifts that give him a wide personal popularity, and particular in the township work of this history, he has made man^^ friends by his consideration and thoughtfulness. EDWARD WORDEN, a resident of Iowa City; was born May 18, 1827, in New York state, came to Iowa and settled in Iowa City in 1839. The worst thing that can be said against Ed. is that he has lived an upright, consistent old bachelor since his earl}- youth and still refuses to make friends with a christian comforter called a wife. He is a democrat in politics and has been too busy surveying Johnson county, to take time to get married. He was a member of the city council in 1S6U from the first Weird; surveyor of Johnson county from 1855 to 1857, and from 1867 to 1869, also from 1871 to 1875, and was elected on the greenback and 954 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. republican ticket in 1881. He defeated the regular democratic nominee, Daniel A. Shafer, by a very handsome majorit}^, and thereby taught the convention organizers that they might nominate a man, but could not elect unless they got votes enough. WILLIAM WOLFE, a farmer and stock dealer in Clear Creek town- ship, post-office. Tiffin; was born in Knox county, Ohio, March 18, 1827; settled in Johnson county, Iowa, October 10, 1853, upon the farm where he now resides. He was married September 8, 1850, to Miss Hannah Colony, of Knox county, Ohio, and they have a family of six children: Alice E., John C, Milton L., Mary A., William B. and Charlie. The family attend religious services at the M. E. Church, at Tiffin. Mr. Wolfe has been shipping stock for fourteen years. His average ship- ment of hogs has been about one hundred cars per year; his average shipment of cattle about twenty cars per year. Hogs and corn have been the principal products of his farm. He has some very fine horses of the Clydesdale stock; he has a farm of 490 acres, 203 acres was his original claim. He was a member of the board of supervisors in 1860 and served three years; he filled the office of township trustee several terms. He is a democrat in politics. He is a brother of the Hon. L. R. Wolfe, repre- senting Johnson county in the Iowa legislature. His father is Hving in Knox county, Ohio, at the ripe old age of ninty-two years and past. HON. LEWIS R. WOLFE, farmer and stock dealer, post-office, Oxford; was born in Knox county, Ohio, April 22, 1825, where he lived until he was about twenty-four years of age, when he went to Hardin county, Ohio, and lived there five years and cleared up a farm. In Sep- tember, 1854, he came to Johnson county and settled in North Bend, where he bought 306 acres of land and has since been engaged in farming and dealing in stock, and in April, 1876, he moved to Oxford township, to the "Iowa Valley Farm," where he now resides. He now owns 1400 acres of land in this county, laying in five different townships. In 1860 he was elected by Madison township as county supervisor, and in August, 1862, he enlisted in company I, Sixth Iowa cavalry as captain, and served as captain until April, 1865, when he resigned. In 1865 he ran on the democratic ticket for sherift, but was defeated by John Wilson, and in 1866 was elected as supervisor for Madison township and served two years, and was elected by the county as supervisor. He was representative for the district in the eighteenth general assembly, and also the nineteenth, and still holds that office, and for several years has been treasurer of Oxford township school fund. He was married April 22, 1847, to Elizabeth Lindsley, of Richland county, Ohio, and has three children living, viz: Mahlon K., Christopher D., and Pheobe A., now Mrs. William Hardy. CARSON B. WRAY, post-oflice, North Liberty, farmer. The sub- ject of this sketch is one of the old settlers of this county, and was born HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 955 on the 24th day of July, 1S19, in Hamilton county, Ohio. He was raised in Indiana, his parents having come there when Carson was quite younjr. In 1841 he came to Iowa, then a single man, and lived with his brother David. On the 8th day of May, 1842, he was married to Miss Mary Alt, of this county, formerly qf Ohio. They had eight children, five of whom are living: Joseph C, David W., Catharine J., Anna E., and Car- rie C; three dead: Mary J., Maria C, and Eliza O. Mr. Wrav tbUowed distilling for seven years when a young man, but since he has been in Iowa has followed farming and stock-raising; owns a splendid farm of 500 acres in section 2 and other sections, well improved land and well stocked, having about seventy-five head of grade cattle; one hundred hogs; fourteen head of Clydesdale horses. Mr. Wray has filled the office of township trustee, and member of the county board" of supervisors. DAVID WRAY, (deceased); was born in Hamilton county, Ohio, October 8, 1815. His father, Richard, moved with his familv to" Indiana when the subject of this sketch was only eight years old, where he was raised on a farm and educated in the common schools. After arriving at manhood he went to Illinois, and while there (December 1(J,'1840), he was married to Miss Maria Alt, daughter of Jacob and Mary Alt, and sister of Jacob, junior, and Joseph of Penn township. To them were born four children, two of whom are now living: Richard H. and Maria J., wife of Dr. Miller Young. Mr. Wray was among the first settlers in this town- ship. He first settled in Jefterson township, but in 1843 he moved to Madison, in sections 2 and 35, where he follows farming. His first wife died November 5, 1846. He was again married July 20, 1851, to Miss H. Holt of Iowa City. She died March 22, 1869, and on the 22d of Sep- tember, 1872, Mr. Wray died. He was a man of sound and vigorous intellect; a forcible character, and of great personal influence. He has filled the office of county commissioner and of township assessor. JOHN A. XANTEN;wasbornJanuary 8, 1825, in Dahlen, Rhenish Prussia; died May 18, 1882, in lo.va City; came to America and landed m New York City in 1854; settled in Iowa City, April, 1855. He estab- lished a wholesale liquor business in 1875. He was married in 1851 to Miss Josephine Grippekoven of Dahlen, Prussia. She died in Novem- ber, 1860, in Iowa City. They had three children: Frank A., a physi- cian in Avoca, Iowa, a graduate of the State Universitv medical depart- ment, in class of 1876, and Louis, Elizabeth and Josephine, both living at home. His second marriage was in February, 1861, to .Miss Mary Meyers, of Iowa City. This union was blessed with three children- Wil- liam, a graduate of St. Francis Solamus College, Quincv, Illinois; Albert attending State University, and Charles. The family are members of the St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church of Iowa Citv. He served five years in the Prussian army, and was in the wars of the Revolution of 1848. 956 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. JACOB YAGER, a farmer residing in Liberty Township, post-office, Bon Accord; was born June 7, 1S2S, in Germany. He was married in 1855, to Miss Mary Kiem, and afterwards in October, 1880, he married Anna Pollajeck. He settled in Johnson county in 1855. A democrat in politics. He is a member of the Lutheran Church. JACOB YENTER, deceased; was born in Wertemberg, Germany, and came to America in 1833. During the war with Mexico he served eighteen months, and came to Johnson county in 181:9, and settled on his land warrant. He was married Jul}' 7, 1857, to Margaret Johnson, a native of Scotland, and came to America in 181:1), and her family settled in Davenport the same year. In 1864 they went to Virginia Cit}^ Nevada, where they Hved until Mr. Yenter's death, August 14, 1872. Mrs. Yenter lived there four years after, then returned to this county. She has seven children: William, Clarence A., John E., George M., James N., Margaret E. and Nellie E valine. Mrs. Yenter is living on a farm, and is a member of the Presb3'terian Church. JOSEPH ZABOKRTSKY, a farmer, residing in Monroe township, post-office, Danforth; was born May 24, 1821, in i\ustria. He came to America in 1854, landed in Quebec, Canada; got to Johnson county July 26, 1854. He started from Austria April 24, and was three months and two days making the trip. He arrived a poor man, having only $5 in the world after he got to Iowa City. He was married February 2, 1851, to Miss Francis Stehlek. They had two children: Francis, the wife of Albert Kuchuke; Mary, who died in 1856. The family are members of the Catholic Church. He is a democrat in politics, and voted against the prohibitory constititutional amendment. He is justice of the peace for Monroe township, tirst term. He has a fine farm, with good buildings and plenty of small fruit, a farm of 162^ acres of land, three lots, a house and barn in Solon. He is the owner of the fine staUion, Prince, eight-years old, iron grey, weighing 1400 pounds, 15|- hands high. JACOB ZELLER, a resident of Penn township, post-office. North Liberty; a farmer and stock-raiser; was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, November 22, 1827; settled in Johnson county, Iowa, in 184i), and bought the farm upon which he now resides in 1850. The emi- gration in Penn township, when he settled there was principalh' from Ohio, but the second rush was from Pennsylvania. He was the second township clerk of Penn township, served seven 3'ears; is at present justice of the peace; was elected in 1866, and has filled the office ever since. He was married July 4, 1851, to Miss Catharine Snavely. They have three children, Jacob H., Eliza M. and Iowa M. Mr. Z. is a republican in politics. He is one of the most extensive stock-raisers in Penn town- ship; had this year, September 18, over 800 head of hogs. He is mak- ing a specialty of raising fine horses, the Clydesdales. He was president HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 957 of the Johnson County Agricultural & Mechanical Association for two years; was elected for the three years, but refused to serve, and is a member of the Masonic lodge at North Liberty. He has sold his farm upon which he has raised some extraordinary crops. Has an orchard of over 200 apple trees. N. ZELLER, Jr., farmer, post-office. North Liberty: was born April 18, 184:9, in Franklin county, Pennsylvania. When he was only four weeks old his parents, Nicholas and Catharine Zeller, came to Iowa, where he was raised on a farm. On the 11th day of March, 1880, he was mar- ried to Miss Emma Myers, daughter of Valentine Myers of Madison township. To them have been born one child, Raymond. Mr. Zeller follows farming and stock-raising, making a specialty of draft horses and horses for all purposes, grade Short-horn cattle and Poland China hogs. He now has twelve horses, sixty-three head of cattle, and for the present year has, including sales made, 150 head of hogs. MICHAEL ZELLER, farmer, post-office North Liberty. The sub- ject of this sketch was born Aug. 14, 1824, in Cumberland county, Penn. In the fall of 1851 he came to Johnson county and purchased the land he now lives on. He went back to Pennsylvania, remained there five years, then returned to improve his land. On the 21st day of August, 1856, was married to Miss Mary Doner, daughter of Daniel Doner, deceased. To them have been born five children, four of whom are liv- ing: Alice J., Effie J., Martha E. and John D.; Charley, deceased. Mr. Zeller owns a good farm of 190 acres, well improved with good buildings. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, and one of its present officers. DAVID B. ZEIGLER, post-office North Liberty; was born in Cum- berland county, Penn., in 1862, where his parents, William R. and Rebecca Zeigler now reside. Their family consists of six children living: James C, David B., Ira J., Sarah A., Minnie and Willia^i E. David B., the sub- ject of this sketch, is the second son. March 15, 1881, he came to Iowa with Jno. Beecher, and worked that year for Cyrus Abbott; the present year he works for J. Myers. On the 2Sth of December, 1881, he embraced religion at a revival held by Rev. D. W. Fink, in the Evangel- ical Church of this place; of which church David is a member. NICHOLAS ZELLER, Sr., is the son of David and Mary Zeller; was born March 19, 1819, in Cumberland county, Penn. When he was seventeen years old he moved with his parents to Franklin county. He was educated in the common schools. While m this State he followed teaching school, private surveving and farming. In 1816 he came to Iowa and bought R. B. GrofF's claim, then went to the land office at Dubuque to enter some land, after which he started for Pennsvlvania with only seventeen dollars. Living and traveling as cheap as he could, he got home with forty cents left. Three years after he left Pennsylvania 958 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. with his family; came to Iowa, and settled on his land in Johnson county, where he now resides. After toiling hard for a number of years he gave up the farm to his son, Nicholas. In the year 1843 he was married to Miss Catharine Sleichter, of Pennsylvania. They have five children, all living: Mary, Barbara, Nicholas, Martha and Sarah. Mr. Zeller was converted to God in the fall of 1850, since that time he has been an earn- est advocate of the faith, and an exemplary christian. He and his wife are members of the Church of God at that place. He was seven 3'ears a member of the board of supervisors of Johnson county, and has held sev- eral offices of honor, profit and trust, all of which he filled with credit to himself and great satisfaction to his constituents. WILLIAM ZIMMERMAN, post-office, Lone Tree; was born in Mecklenburg, German}^, September 9, 1853; at the age of thirteen he came to America with his parents and settled near Davenport, where he lived until 1872; when he came to Fremont township, this county, and followed farming and raising stock, and has made a good property, being successful in all his undertakings, and in partnership with his brother, now owns 320 acres of fine land, well improved, and also owns prop- ertv in Lone Tree, where he has a hotel and billiard hall. He also owns one-half of a self-propeling steam thresher and has followed threshing five years. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias at Columbus Junction, also of the "Druids" of Nichols, and speaks three languages. LOUIS ALDER, (deceased); was born October 28, 1814, in West Jefferson, Ohio; died November 23, 1879. He came to Iowa in 1855. He was the father of Ira J. Alder, a resident attorney of Iowa City. Louis was the son of Jonathan Alder, and Jonathan was the son of a soldier of the Revolution, who in his turn was the son of an EngHsh family whose name is perpetuated in Aldershot, and Aldersgate. Jonathan was born in 1773, and when a httle boy was captured by the Shawnee Indians, who killed his little brother David, but saved Jonathan because he had black hair and "would make a good Indian." He lived with the Indians until he was 25 years old. He was a playmate of Tecumseh, met Logan face to face, grew up as an Indian and never wore aught but a breech clout and blanket from the day of his capture in Virginia woods until his delivery at Wayne's treaty in 1795 when he had forgotten the English language. The story of Alder's captivity, told in Howe's History of Ohio, is of absorbing interest. The case affords interesting study in another direc- tion. Jonathan Alder returned in 1795 to civilization after living as an Indian for twenty years. He reared a family, of which Louis was one, and they all showed in gait and carriage, in habits of thought, and to a great extent in appearance, strong Indian traits, as do their children in a modified degree, though he and his wife were of the purest English blood. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 959 Mr. Louis Alder was a man of much force of character, of great energy and was a valuable citizen. AUGUSTUS B. BAUMGARDNER, born April 26, 1852. In 1871 and '72 he attended the academy at Iowa City, and commenced teaching in the winter of the same year. Has farmed during the summer and taught during the winter since, until the fall of 1881 he was elected prin- cipal of Solon graded school, which position he still occupies with honor. He is a hard worker and close student, being a self-educated young man. The year 185i was full of stirring events to the little family. The great unbounded and almost unbroken west lured them from their eastern home. They chose Johnson county as a final resting place, and engaged in farm- ing, the occupation they followed in the east. Two sons have been born to them since they came to this State: Walter D., born April 24, 1856, and Alonzo P., born August 12, 1858. BENJAMIN BLOOM, son of the Hon. M. Bloom, of Iowa City; died at Las Vegas, New Mexico, June 21, 1882, aged twenty-one years. The rapid development of pulmonary disease admonished the thoughtful father of the deceased to seek for him a more clement climate. He visited Los Angeles, California, in company with his father, where some encouraging improvement was apparent and the fiope^ was felt that a complete cure might be wrought. The malady, however, was more deeply seated than its short duration appeared to warrant and suddenly the slowly gathered strength declined and his father hastened to his side. The journey home- ward was taken by easy stages and at Las Vegas hot springs, a spot on which nature has lavished her beauties, the boy passed into a sleep that ushered the rest eternal, with his father by his dying bedside, in a strange land. His ashes were taken to Cincinnati, Ohio, and put to rest in God's acre on lovely Walnut Hill. The broken circle ma}^ well sorrow, but not without hope, for the inspiration of the life so early ended is not lost and the bright memory that garlands it is more than a glint of sunshine and of comfort. JESSE BOWEN, born in Virginia in 1805, died near Iowa City, Tues- day, March 14, 1882, in his 77th year. His parents removed to Ohio in his childhood, and he grew up there on a farm until his eighteenth year, when he began the study of the honorable profession of medicine. His course completed he began practice in Indiana, where he married and lived several years. He early took an active part and had an intelligent interest in public matters. Attached to the whig party and an ardent dis- ciple of Henry Clay, he bore a great part in those public movements in behalf of that statesman, which now make up the basis of many ot the heroic political traditions of the Wabash Valley. He was elected to the Indiana senate, and was active in laying the foundations of that common- weath. He came to Iowa territory in 1840, settled in this city and began 960 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. the practice of his profession and took part in the pohtics of the period, repeatedly leadin£( the whig party, and by voice and pen enforcing its views of pubHc policy and contributing to its energies. He was, we believe, the first president of the State Agricultural Society, was a Taylor elector in 1848, and was selected as messenger to carry the vote of Iowa's electoral college to Washington. He was appointed register of the State land office, and laying aside that public trust lapsed into private life with the decay of the whig party. When party ranks were reformed he was in the van of the new republican organization, his house was the center of activity. To an hereditary hatred of slavery he united the clear- est conception of the means of hardest warfare against it. Let it be said now in praise of his courage that when even Gerritt Smith quailed before popular opinion and slunk into the shelter of an insane asylum after the John Brown arrest at Harper's Ferry, Dr. Bowen, with the dauntless courage that was his highest attribute, faced a nation in arms, and when Seward and even Phillips and Garrison were frightened into seclusion, he walked abroad clothed on with the courage of his convictions. He returned to public life as a member of the Iowa Senate, was then appointed adju- tant general, an office which he surrendered earl}- in the war to accept promotion to the post of paymaster ^p the regular army, which he held through the civil struggle and urftil he resigned it some time after the war. His whole hfe betrayed the high blood of Virginia; self poised, brave pub- lic spirited, with a dash of the cavalier in him, few men have so well filled the space in life allotted to them. Five daughters survive him, one the widow of Ex-Senator Howell, of Keokuk, is in Europe, Mrs. Cadwallader lives at Stockton, California. Mrs. A. Beach is in Washington Cit}^ Mrs. Brad Pendleton, lives in Kansas, and Mrs. Capt. Sterling in Iowa City. JAMES CAVANAGH, born in Hamilton, Ohio, November 29, 1806, died in Iowa City, February 14, 1880, aged 73 years, 2 months and 15 days. For forty-one years Judge Cavanagh was actively and creditably identified with Johnson county. His father was a native of Ireland, of that Cavanagh family which left its name stamped upon the geographical nomenclature of Ireland, but was driven from its native soil by the oppres- sions which sent at one time 450,000 of the flower of Irish youth to fight in the armies of every country of Europe. A Cavanagh and a McMahon ofiered their swords to France and in our day a Cavignac has sat upon his war horse and kept order in Paris when paving stones were flying into barricades almost without hands, and a McMahon has been the Marshal-President of the Republic which sprouted in the bloody ground of Sedan. In the scattering of this and other Irish families, the elder Cavanagh came to America, and married an Irish born girl. Of this pair James Cavanagh was born. In 1828 he removed to Michigan with his family and there James, two years later married Amy Kinney Town- send, of the New York Townsends. In Michigan he was successively HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 961 justice of the peace, and for four years elected associate judge of the cir- cuit court for Cass count3^ Removing to Iowa in 1839, he was one of the early commissioners of this countv, was county assessor under the old law, and was commissioned by Gov. Stephen Hempsted to select the lands in the great 500,000 acre grant of the Federal government to Iowa. He was next a representative in the legislature and was the last county judge of this county, being the incumbent of that office when its duties were enlarged and its title changed to Auditor. He served acceptably as auditor under the new law and was subsequently several times elected justice. EMILY F. CUSTER, wife of James T. Robinson, born in Herkimer county, New York, February 26, 1822, died near Iowa City May 2, 1881, Mrs. Robinson was a sister of Messrs Paul and A. B. Custer. She was of that stout Knickerbocker race which settled not only the Island of New York but the shores of the Hudson as far north as Albany and away up that lovely valley threaded by the silvery Mohawk, leaving for all time its impress upon all the country in the names of its streams and mountains and valleys and villages. Of that blood were Van Ransellaer and the other great patrons, whose manors, larger than feudal baronies, spread their borders over a great part of the Empire Colony. The domestic virtues of her race and its graces of character were marked in Mrs. Rob- inson. She was married in 1842 and came to Iowa the following year. Of her twelve children, seven daughters and one son survive her, mourn- ing one who was indeed to them a mother in the tenderest implications of that tie which binds hearts but once and is broken never to be mended. GEORGE B. DeSELLEM, a farmer, residing in Pleasant Valley, post-office address, Iowa City; was born February 22, 1819, in Jefierson county, Ohio. He settled in Pleasant Valley township, Johnson county, in the fall of 1858, and resides on section 26. He acquired his education in Iowa City and was a graduate of the law school of the class of 1877. He was married October 24, 1873, to Miss Mary Guant, the daughter of William Guant, of Pleasant Valley. They have two children: Zou, five years of age, and Annie. He is a republican in pohtics. A member of the I. O. O. F. of Iowa City, also a member of the A. O. U. W., and Legion of Honor. CHARLES H. FAIRALL, farmer, post-office. West Branch; residing on section 2, Scott tow^nship; was born July 14, 1847, in Maryland, came to Johnson county in 1861. He was married November 30, 1872, to Miss Mary Lanning, of Iowa City. They have five children: Mary, Truman Mattie, Clara and Charles. Mr. Fairall is a democrat in politics, and has the honor of being elected to the office of clerk for Scott township. The only democrat ever filling that office since Scott township has been repub lican. He resides on the old Harris farm, owns 320 acres, 100 acres of it 962 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. is the finest grove of timber in Johnson county. His specialties are rais- ing" hogs, cattle and corn; on his farm is a fine apple orchard, the oldest in the county, and plenty of small fruits. A good dwelling and a bank barn 50x75 feet, add to the value of his farm. He is one of Scott town- ship's successful farmers. He is a son of Truman Fairall, who died near Iowa City in 1869, and a brother of the Hon. S. H. Fairall, a prominent attorney of Iowa City. WILLIAM L. FIGG, of South Liberty, was born in Richmond, Old Virginia, on the 12th of June, 1812. In 1844 he left his native town and State, and emigrated to Indiana, where he lived two years. In 1846 he came to Iowa, found his way to South Liberty, entered land from the government, and went back to Indiana. In 1846 he returned to South Liberty, and settled on his homestead, where he died on the 8th of April, 1879. He was then in his sixty-eighth year at his death. Esquire Figg was by no means a common man. For fourteen years a justice of the peace, a member of the board of supervisors, besides filling other offices of trust, he had the respect and confidence of his neighbors and a large circle of acquaintances. He had a family of fifteen children. JOSEPH KOZA, a resident of Iowa City, a butcher doing business on College street near Dubuque; was born Sept. 21, 1848, in Bohemia, Austria. Came to America in 1867, landed in New York. He came to Iowa City in August of the same year. He was married June 14, 1868, to Miss Mary Pechman. They have three children, Joseph, Emma and Eddie. He is a member of the Eureka Lodge, I. O. O. F. He is inde- pendent in politics. ROBERT LORENZ, residing at No. 624 East Market street, and a furniture dealer doing business on Dubuque street, Iowa City; was born May 31, 1852, in Berlin Prussia, came to America in August, 1852, with his parents, Herman Lorenz and wife. They lived in Philadelphia for a while and finally settled in Iowa Cit3Mn August, 1856. Herman Lorenz was married April 6, 1850, to Miss Bertha Berg, of Berlin; they had nine children: six are dead, and three living, Robert, Henry and Frank. Robert began the furniture and undertaking business in Iowa City in 1880; keeps a fine stock of goods, and a perfectly equipped shop, being a practical cabinent-maker by trade he enjoys the confidence of a large number of customers, and is recognized as a first-class business man. The family are members of the German Lutheran Church. He is inde- pendent in politics. He was married October 25, 1882, to Miss Louisa Volkringer, of Iowa City. HON. CHARLES McCOLLISTER, was born January 8, 1799, in in Maryland, died May 23, 1876, at his home in Pleasant Valley township, Johnson county, Iowa. At three years of age his parents settled in Ross county, Ohio. He was married October 15, 1818, to Miss Mary Stinson, HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 96S and settled in Pike county, Ohio. The younfr couple began life in ear- nest, and life in Ohio in 1818 was different from life in the west now. At that date no railroad took the farmer's wheat to the sea and no steamboat had ruffled the current of western waters. Indian foot-prints were fresh in the forests where the young farmer hewed him out a house and cleared away the trees to let sunshine upon it. Here he tilled the soil and those of us who have seen his tall and stalwart form in old age, can judge how matchless must have been the force and how tireless the energ}'^ thrown . into the labors of his prime. As the country settled around him and neighbors came nearer, his talents for public business were frequently called into use by his fellow citizens, and the sturdy young democrat was often called from his fields to administer such offices as the growing soci- ety and the polity of his State required. To civil administration was added service in turn in each of the lay offices of the Presbyterian Church, which he had joined early in life and to which he remained a faithful adherent. About 1830 he was made associate justice of the court of com- mon pleas, and during seven years service on the bench was distinguished by a natural aptness and a judicial ability which made it evident if he had been trained for the bar that he might have won the foremost honors of the profession. In 1837 he was entrusted with the finances of his county by election as county treasurer, which place he held for three terms. His home was now no longer the frontier, but was teeming with population, and furnished young men to migrate, as their fathers had done before them, and to found new homes in Illinois and younger Iowa. In 1851 he was chosen to the important office of probate judge, which he filled very acceptably for two terms. In 1855 he left the old home, consecrated bj^ the memories of youth and hallowed by the trials of manhood, and com- ing to Iowa settled in Pleasant Valley upon a rich farm that bloomed around him like a principality. Here for a score of years he lived, surrounded by his children and respected by all who came to know him. The talents which had served so well in the trusts committed to him by the pioneer neighbors of 1820, had grown with the growth around him and ripened into that solid capacity and judgment which never erred, which so distinguished his very latest years. HON. SAMUEL H. McCRORY, was born August 6, 1807, in Rock- bridge count}^, Virginia, died in Iowa City, March 13, 1878. He came to Johnson county, Iowa, in 1837. He was married April 6, 1841, to Miss Elizabeth P. McCloud. He was a member of the convention that drafted the first state constitution of Iowa. He was a member of the legislature in 1855. He heldman}^ positions of honor, profit and trust in Iowa City and Johnson county. MARGARET HAYDEN MEDOWELL, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, May 28 ,1814. When she was a child but five years of age her parents, Miles Hayden and Sarah Caskey Hayden, moved to 964 HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. Orange township, Richland, (now Ashland) county, Ohio, and settled on a farm April 19, 1819. The family consisted of five sons and two dauj^h- ters, James, George, John, Morgan, Ellzey, Nancy and Margaret, John and Ellzey are still living. Margaret Hayden married Henry Medowell June 15, 1837, and with her husband and father came to Johnson county, Iowa, and settled in Big Grove township upon a farm in June, 1842, her mother having gone to her reward April 9, 1834, while the family lived in Ohio, and her father closed his earthly career January 25, 1819, and was buried near Solon in this county. And now, after nearly fort3'-five years of blissful married life the subject of this sketch, on the 5th day of May, 1882, departed this life and her noble spirit winged its everlasting flight to the God who gave it, leaving a kind and indulgent husband, a faithful and dutiful son, and a large circle of friends and relatives to mourn her depart- ure. Her son, Arthur Medowell, the present popular and efficient auditor of Johnson county, has lost the best friend he ever had, the husband a true and devoted wife, and the friends and relatives a kind and affectionate friend. Her life was adorned with the Christian graces of love, purity and truth, her heart was always warm with a mother's love, with sympa- thy for the afflicted, herself a child of suffering. She patiently waited death's messenger to close a well-spent life surrounded by kind and loving friends who did all in their power to soothe the fevered brow and allevi- ate her suffering. We can only say to the bereaved ones, "That into each life some rain must fall, some day be dark and dreary, but but never mind, behind the cloud there is a silver lining," and your resignation should be in the spirit expressed by the poet, when he says: " Strike thou, the master, We thy keys, the anthems of thy destinies. Our hearts shall breath the old refrain — Thy will be done." FRANK H. O'RILLY, a resident of Iowa City, was born May 27, 1848, in New York. Came to Iowa City, Sept. 18, 1854. He was married Jan. 18, 1870, to Miss Mary A. Jennings. The following named children compose the family circle: Katie, born 1872; Theresa, born 1878, died 1875, of whooping cough; Nonama, born 1879; James B., born 1881. MICHAEL O'RILEY, a resident of Iowa City and a contractor; was born 1851 in County Meyo, Ireland; came to America in 1867, landed in New York city; came to Iowa City, 1871. He was married May 27, 1875, to Miss Maggie Kelty, of Iowa City; she died July 18, 1876. He is a democrat in politics, and served on the police force in Iowa City in 1881. He met with a severe accident in 1881, but has nearly fully recovered, and is engaged in contracting for digging large ditches, draining lands along the Iowa river in Johnson county; he understands his business and can get plenty of good work from his men, for he uses then well. He is a member of St. Patrick's Catholic Church of Iowa City. HISTORY OF JOHNSON COUNTY. 965 JAMES ROBINSON. Was born in Durham, Connecticut, Novem- ber 4, 1791; died in Worcester, Massachusetts, Januar}- 13, 1881, aged eighty-nine years, two months and nine days. The deceased was the the father of Mr. James T. Robinson, of West Lucas. He came to Iowa City in 1841, was our most prominent early leader of the Masonic order and we believe organized here the first lodge. He was the first mayor of Iowa City, under a municipal organization which was made before 1849, and was abandoned for the special charter. He returned east many years ago and reached a great age. Always an active and prominent and wise citizen, a trusted counselor and man of stout judgment, he was a leader in any community and retained these faculties to the end. MRS. CATHARINE ROHRET, widow of the late Wolfgang Rohret, died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. John Sueppel, in this city, March 8, 1881, Monday at 7:50 a. m. She was a native of Bavaria, and last September reached the great age of eighty years. With her husband she came directly from the old world to Iowa in 1840, and here reared her four sons and one daughter. She was a good woman in all relations, and leaves a serene and beautiful memory to her many descendants. ROBERT WALKER, born in Schenectady county, N. Y., Oct. 4, 1802; died Oct. 28, 1879, in Johnson county, Iowa. Mr. Walker came to Johnson county in 1838, and was the first justice of the peace of Johnson county, Iowa. In that official capacit}^ he administered the oath of office to the Capital Commissioners who located the territorial capital on what is now Iowa City. In 1853, he married a sister of Hon. Le Grand Bying- ton, who survives him. In 1860, he moved upon his farm near Tiffin, where he died. During all his long life and his residence of forty-one years he worthily filled an influential position, and earned and deserved the respect which was accorded him. AQUILLA WHITACRE, was born at Hopewell, near Winchester, Virginia, the 7th of 9th month, 1797, and removed with his parents, Rob- ert and Patience Whitacre, in 1805, near to Miami Monthly Meeting at Waynesville, Warren county, Ohio. In 1820, or near that date, he was united in marriage with Ruth Anna Potts, daughter of Samuel and Mary Potts. After the death of his first wife, which was in the year 1838, he was united in marriage with Ann Cook, daughter of Abram and Ruth Cook, in the spring of the year 1844; died April 23, 1876. In 10th month, 7th, 1865, certificates were received for him, his wife, and minor children, at Wapsononoc Monthly Meeting, Iowa, from Miami Monthly Meeting, Ohio. Three years afterwards, through his influence, a meeting house was built, and an indulged meeting established at Highland, Johnson county, Iowa, and at his death he bequeathed funds to build an addition, which has been done, a preparative meeting established there, and the monthly meeting held alternatively there, and at West Liberty. Soon QQQ HISTORY OFJOHNSON COUNTY. after his removal to Iowa, he was appointed to the station of Elder, which station he filled until the time of his death, and of him it may be truly said, "He was indeed a Father in Israel." He was divinely inspired with the true spirit of discernment which enabled him to judge rightly in reference to the ministry, sometimes in a feeling manner, to extend a word of cau- tion or reproof, at other times when any of the little ones were in a low, discouraged state, he could enter into feeling with them, and as a true father, he was sent by his Divine Master to extend to them timely words of encouragement, to stimulate them to persevere in well-doing, to faith- fully obey the impressions of duty, and thus receive the sure penny of reward. He was one who was not only able, but willing, to be useful to his fellow beings, by rendering them pecuniary aid, when such aid was required. Being kind and benevolent in disposition, he was well calculated to do much good in the community in which he lived. Being of a social, genial disposition, it was a real pleasure to be in his company. Carrying out both by precept and example, those lovely traits of a true christian character, he was indeed worthy of esteem. He was concerned to exer- cise christian charity toward those who did not see things just as he did. He was, when in health, a consistent attender of all our meetings. HON. SAMUEL WORKMAN, died at the age of fifty-six, in Memp- his, Tennessee, January, 1881, and was buried in the God's acre, near his old home in Washington, Pennsylvania, which holds the dust of many generations of his house. Mr. Workman came to Johnson county, Iowa, a youth, in early days and was for many years a powerful figure in public affairs. An acute and successful business man he took an active part in politics, and represented this district in the State Senate with credit to himself and his party. He revisited this city a few years ago and then showed but few signs of age or declining strength. His sister, Mrs. Samuel H. Fairall, and their nieces the Misses Koontz, and their nephew George Koontz, are representatives of his family left here. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS HlMIIIIIIIHrMii'iir'iri 016 087 149 .ii'V'VV