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^ZBZE^IZDO-IEIMIIEItsrT 
 
 OF 
 
 Elements of Phrenology, 
 
 BY 
 
 / 
 
 B. H. WEBB 
 
 WITH AN 
 
 INTERPRETATION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 NATURAL CHARACTER 
 
 . & 
 
 X> ' For this work apply to the author at Cambridge, N. T. 
 
 vt. 
 
 aa-M 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C: 
 PRINTED BY DARBY & DUVALL, 
 
 1876. 
 it 
 

 Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1876, by 
 B. H. WEBB, 
 
 m the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washingtou, D. C. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Knowing of no phrenological work free from what appears to 
 me great defects in its explanations of human nature in its 
 connections with the brain, and thinking any aid would be wel- 
 comed, in advancing this noblest of sciences from its infantile 
 condition toward maturity, I offer the following synopsis. 
 
 Gall, the first successful explorer in this field, and his succes- 
 sors, Spurzheim, Combe, and others ; strong men and among the 
 most meritorious of the race, have been merely pioneers in this 
 philosophy of human existence, in its conditions, workings, in- 
 activities, regulations, sufferings, enjoyments. 
 
 In extension and modification of the current philosophy of the 
 brain and of humanity, many of my opinions here offered do not 
 fully accord with the publications in this field. To extend our 
 knowledge here we want the investigations and more or less 
 erring and differing conclusions of thousands of men confering 
 together; as, to improve the greatly imperfect English diction- 
 aries it would be well to organize a congress of a hundred or 
 so philologists ; for inventing, another congress of a thousand or 
 so inventors : as there will be, in the future, congresses for a 
 thousand purposes. The great John Stewart Mill said: " Di- 
 versity of opinion is not an evil, but a good, until mankind are 
 much more capable than at present of recognizing all sides of 
 the truth. " We know much of this human philosophy, but 
 have yet to learn greatly more ; though much less of the 
 groundwork than the application. Horace Mann said of the 
 ancient leaders in philosophy, that " they were great men, but 
 with not enough of great men around them to correct their 
 errors, and as a consequence they propagated more of error than 
 of truth." This is evidently the case with Gall, Spurzheim, and 
 their successors, in this complicated science of the human race, 
 in this new and vast field. Men of this century are raising it 
 from its infancy. Generations yet unborn will bring it into 
 stalwart maturity, as a full, God-given revelation and philoso- 
 phy of the spiritual and physical mechanisms which produce and 
 regulate all human thought and feeling and conduct ; holding all 
 the sciences and philosophies based on man ; intellectual, phy- 
 sical, political, social, moral, religious ; giving a full explanation 
 of humanity, in all its savagism, barbarism, civilization, through 
 all its past and future. 
 
 Outside of its teachings for the social organizations and life of 
 humanity in the future, this physiological science shows men as 
 one of its lesser aids, their natural rank in the human family — 
 the amount of power, trained or untrained, in each of their 
 faculties, sentiments, affections, passions ; pointing out the 
 
4 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 fields of action where they can do best, natural adaptations for 
 sexual congeniality with particular characters, unfolding the 
 internal of the forces which regulate human life ; and here — 
 where, in making a life choice, we should have much knowledge — 
 may be made available in extending acquaintance as help to early 
 and better selection ; \tp shows men, in brief, fully themselves, 
 aud the life through which they may the most obtain enjoyment, 
 — in and out of its means, the only possible object of value — of 
 which, of the race since its dawn, not one in hundreds has ob- 
 tained half of what he has been susceptible. Though men ate 
 always much less in judgment than they suppose, more than 
 nine-tenths even of all that the wisest take and hold as truth 
 being merely uncertain opinion derived from partial knowledge 
 mixed with error ; yet, with most men, undeveloped from train- 
 ing, is much capacity of which they are ignorant, for success and 
 enjoyment. Persons desirous of extensive acquaintance with 
 man, through this physiological and psychological science, should 
 read all the leading works upon it ; being careful in deciding 
 upon this or that, as truth or error ; remembering that, with all 
 of us, at best, beyond settled facts in science and philosophy — 
 which cover but little ground — much error will inevitably be ac- 
 cepted as truth, and much truth rejected as error. 
 
 It is hardly necessary, at this day, in opposition to ignorant 
 skeptics and dishonest pretenders, to state that the closest com- 
 parison has been made between brain development and char- 
 acter, with hundreds of thousands of the world's well-known 
 individuals, and that there is nothing in physiology known with 
 more certainty than that each faculty, sentiment, affection, pas- 
 sion, has its own part of brain through which it acts. 
 
 As a portion of our differences and extensions from the other 
 writers on the brain, as the hand should not be named the 
 Gatherer of Flowers, from like reason, the part by others named 
 Mirthfulness — which perceives not merely the ridiculous, but the 
 incongruous from the congruous, in all science, philosophy, busi- 
 ness — I call Incongruity ; and which is a fruitful source of prem- 
 ises. The part named Weight — having comprehension, not 
 merely of gravity, but, far as accessible, all the other forces, in 
 their relations to effects, led to its work, as in mathematics, by 
 the higher faculties — calling this Force, another chief source ol 
 premises. The part named Imitation — operating, not merely 
 in representing imitations, but in all departments of representa- 
 tion where man works — calling this Representativeness, The 
 part named Constructiveness — which merely organizes, for Rep- 
 resentativeness with its assistants to construct, represent — call- 
 ing this Organization. The part named Causality — which per- 
 ceives, not merely causes and effects, which it does by reason- 
 ing, but, through reasoning, discovers all the conclusions in 
 physical logic; doing nothing but perceive conclusions in prem- 
 ises, and premises in conclusions — calling this Physical Rea- 
 sonality. The part named Comparison — which does nothing but 
 
INTRODUCTION 5 
 
 perceive likenesses — calling this Similarity ; and which, with its 
 spiritual department, is the most fruitful source of premises. 
 The part named Ideality — which loves perfection in all beauty, 
 all existence — calling tins Perfectiveness ; and which leads to 
 imagination, in like way as do more or less all the other ele- 
 ments. The part named Combativeness — which not merely 
 combats, but impels to execution over the whole field of busi- 
 ness — calling this Executiveness. The part named Destructive- 
 ness — which desires not merely to destroy, but to have all exe- 
 cution and provision thorough —calling this Thoroughness. The 
 part named Firmness — which, in its natural work, desires con- 
 sistent life in accordance with the natural desires of all the other 
 parts — calling this Consistency ; though this sentiment, as of the 
 others, from impertect philosophy, &c, has wrought much in 
 the wrong and little in the right. The part named Conscien- 
 tiousness — which desires impartiality — calling this Equitiveness. 
 The part named Self-esteem — which loves, not its possessor, as 
 do none of the other elements, but that which is dignified in all 
 life— calling this Dignity. The part named Individuality— hav- 
 ing power of perceiving the indivisible parts, far as accessible, 
 of all individualities— calling this Indivisibility ; for similar rea- 
 sons, changing the names of about a dozen other parts ; also 
 claiming that the natural food of each of more than half a score 
 of the organs of the brain is a perfect life ; and that all the other 
 parts require, though of course but partially desire, the same ; 
 claiming also, that man's higher nature, as well as his lower, has 
 operated more in the wrong than in the right, because of im- 
 perfect philosophy, unnatural conditions, and unfavorable cir- 
 cumstances; and that, in the future, completion in knowledge 
 of human nature will lead to completion in circumstances, con- 
 ditions, and rightful life ; and that the religion, the requirements- 
 of matured humanity, will consist in managing to invigorate and 
 o-l^Wj^nlness to all the human soul its natural food, perfection 
 of^J[HL and provision for enjoyment. 
 
 ^■^ B. H. W. 
 
 March, 1808. \ 
 
PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 The Human Brain. 
 
 Human capabilities in the different departments of 
 thought, sentiment, affection, and passion, depend on 
 size and condition of the brain, in its different parts, as 
 their instruments, its quality, in fineness and firmness, 
 depth and number of its folds, amount of nervous and 
 vital power, with the mode of lite of the mental and 
 physical system. The physical capabilities depend on 
 size and condition of their body and nerve organs — the 
 location of the latter of which are not fully ascertained 
 — the general vital conditions and manner of life. 
 
 With large development of the vital system, lungs, 
 heart, &c, with numerous and deep brain folds, there 
 will often be in all the other parts, mental and physical, 
 twice the strength that there is when these vital parts 
 are small, and the brain with few and shallow folds. 
 
 Each faculty, sentiment, affection, and passion has 
 two brain organs, one within each side half of the head ; 
 the size of which, except in the central range, from in- 
 divisibility to parentiveness, is determined, with slight 
 variation, by their distance from the ear, at the outside 
 of the head, the distance here between them, and their 
 circumference on the surface; the central range, with 
 slight modification, by their circumference at the sur- 
 face, and distance from the ear. 
 
 The size of the organs is more or less modified from 
 their appearance by the varying thickness of the skull, 
 which is generally thickest with those of roughly mascu- 
 line build, particularly over the organs around the eyes. 
 Long continuance of activity of organs considerably les- 
 sens thickness of skull over them, and slightly expands 
 its surface ; while inactivity, long continued, causes the 
 skull over organs to become considerably increased in 
 thickness, and to very slightly lessen in expansion of 
 surface. 
 
8 THE HUMAN BRAEST. 
 
 The amount of nervous power depends on size, qual- 
 ity, and condition of the nerves, depth and number of 
 biain folds, and the power of the vital system, and is in- 
 dicated by the proportional degree of strength and ac- 
 tivity in the physiognomical appearance in connection 
 with the vital conditions. 
 
 The amount of vital power is determined by size, con- 
 dition, and quality in fineness and firmness of the vital 
 organs, and their organs in the lower branch of the brain. 
 
 Muscular power depends on size and condition of the 
 muscles, and the assistance received from the nervous 
 and vital systems. 
 
 Fineness or coarseness of quality, with the whole in- 
 terior system, is indicated by fineness or coarseness of 
 skin ; while firmness of quality is indicated by a particu- 
 lar firm physiognomical appearance, and is in instances 
 chiefly hereditary, in other instances chiefly acquired by 
 cultivation. 
 
 The -depth and number of brain folds are indicated by 
 the extent of hill-like appearance in the skull over the 
 organs, and by the proportion of the mental expression 
 to the other conditions than the folds which produce this 
 expression ; and are in the same degree with all the or- 
 gans in each head. 
 
 Regarding size, most great men, intellectually, have 
 large heads and brain organs ; though there is a small 
 number of poets, orators, writers, &c, distinguished for 
 power, who have heads and brain organs little more than 
 average in size ; yet of good balance, good quality and 
 condition, with deep and numerous brain folds, and great 
 nervous and vital energy; the same as average? sized 
 men, in rare instances, astonish with their great physical 
 strength; and as there are insects able to move bodies a 
 hundred times their own weight, and others, weighing 
 less than a grain, able to move, at a leap, a yard and a 
 half; while a creature the size of a man, with power 
 equal to this, in proportion to its weight, could move 
 hundreds of miles at a leap. 
 
 Regarding phrenological nomenclatures, all of them 
 are imperfect; though in our consideration we have 
 made improvement, having modified the names as well 
 
PHRENOLOGY. 9 
 
 : its explanations of most of the organs. We are far from 
 : having complete knowledge of many portions of the 
 ". brain, sind of some small parts are in extreme ignorance. 
 It is evident that the brain, as with other parts, to be 
 reflective ntti&t be in healthy, active condition ; and hence 
 : many persons, "with moral and religious organs greatly 
 < 'developed, from inactivity here, are much immoral and 
 irreligious ; also, many, with these higher parts deficient, 
 : are religions and moral from favorable philosophy, train- 
 ing, and circumstances, with the lower motives. And 
 .as we occasionally find preachers, pugilists, and others, 
 with extreme development in all the animal passions, and 
 great deficiency in all the moral and religious parts, 
 •through a policy founded upon their lower elements, 
 .holding in extreme subjection their whole animal nature, 
 from this fact, with others, we are positive in the con- 
 eclusion that, some scores of ages hence, when equitj^ shall 
 ■prevail, particularly with labor and its fruits, as, for, the 
 good of all, the suffering lower and suffering higher 
 classes both will demand, and the race, in the machinery 
 of thought and feeling, is brought into normal conditions, 
 and the then understood required arrangements are 
 made for it, the whole human race will be capable of and 
 led into correct life. And we claim here are two, broad, 
 foundation wants of humanity, grandly looming upward 
 in our day, for the glory of distant ages: first, under 
 Equiti ven ess, seconded by all the other higher and even 
 lower sentiments and elements, equality in connection 
 with labor and its fruits, with the consequent leisure for 
 enjoyment and general improvement; second, and as a 
 consequence of the first, and as a part of the improve- 1 
 ment from it, the removal of abnormal conditions of the 
 machinery of thought and feeling. And, from the fact, 
 that many, predominant in power and activity of all. the 
 animal passions, and much deficient in natural endow- 
 ment for self-control, yet have full control of all their 
 animal nature ; from this, with other facts, we are forced, 
 to the conclusion that .want of ability to hold in subjec- 
 tion powerful animal elements comes chiefly from an 
 abnormal condition of the organs of passion, which de- 
 fect! ^e claim the wisdom and skill of the future will be 
 sufficient to remove. 
 
10 PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 Physical Sexuality. 
 
 Generally termed " Amativeness." Love of the 
 physical nature of the opposite sex. This is one of 
 the strongest of human elements, and, rightly regu- 
 lated, capable of a large amount of enjoyment; but, 
 through pervertion, has been one of the chief enemies of 
 mankind ; also, prevention of its rightful activity and 
 the fulfillment of its higher designs has been an evil of 
 extensive magnitude over all civilization. It cannot be 
 otherwise, generally, as with other forms of evil, through 
 all the great flood tide of error, till, of wrong, we shut 
 off the fountains instead of dipping from the streams as 
 hitherto ; till, far in the future, society is remodeled, and 
 full provision made for obedience to all natural human 
 law together, for an engineering of the race, individually 
 and collectively, in accordance with the human constitu- 
 tion. This element has its bliss mysteriously in physi- 
 cal unity. In fullness of life, in favorable conditions, its 
 ecstas} 7 is flashed from even the mere touch of the finger 
 upon the cheek. Under the full influence of this element, 
 in rightful conditions and life, any personal contact 
 thrills with enjoyment, as contact with fire thrills with 
 pain. In unnatural physical conditions, and the error of 
 thoughtless ignorance, this element has not one-tenth of 
 the enjoyment which it has in rightful conditions under 
 correct philosophy. In the imperfections of the present, 
 because of evils necessitated by other evils, man, in gen- 
 eral, must, at least will, very often, be the agent in this 
 department, of both rule and ruin. In the better regu- 
 lations of the future, woman, sexually, in normal con- 
 ditions, as science predicts, shall hold the reins, and this 
 ruin then never come from her. A line extended from 
 the middle of the back of the ear backward about an 
 inch and a half, terminates at the outer edge of the 
 part, which is a nerve fountain of this element, and the 
 regulation of the main portion of the muscular system. 
 Average size, witli average-sized heads, at surface, about 
 two inches wide, one and a half high. 
 
PHRENOLOGY. 11 
 
 Spiritual Sexuality. 
 
 By others called "Conjugality." Love of the spiritual 
 nature of the opposite sex. This element, with all, is 
 capable of being an exhaustless fountain of highest bliss 
 while life endures, yet, because of erroneous life and 
 philosophy and organization of society, it has generally 
 been more or less dormant and ungratified through 
 nearly all of life, and to the race imparted not one-tenth 
 of the enjoyment of which it is susceptible. Average 
 surface of organ about one and a half inch in diameter ; 
 located above and joining Physical Sexuality. 
 
 Within the realm of human thought and sensation, 
 than these sexual elements, there is nothing more ad- 
 mirable. They have the similitude of the whirlwind, 
 the electric telegraph, the lamb, the dove, the rainbow — 
 the most ruling of forces and the richest of beauty. 
 With their controlling and absorbing power they have 
 spell-bound the human race. An unseen, raging lire is 
 here, known in its wide results, over a globe, with its 
 weal and woe, ceaselessly burning and spreading as 
 widely and irresistibly as the storm that would hurl 
 cities from their bases and sweep forests into the sea. 
 Yet, as the result of other error and neglect, inevitable 
 hitherto, and to be so ages longer, outside of a world of 
 wretched, uncongenial sexual union, millions of each 
 sex to-day, though craving; here more than for aught 
 else, give this powerful element to starvation and death. 
 This astonishingly absurd starvation here, with all other 
 starvations of the human elements, prevailing every- 
 where in srinrtHM excess, though unavoidable hith- 
 erto, will, we claim, in the advance of civilization, ages 
 hence, be consigned to the historical wretchedness of a 
 barbarous past. 
 
 Pahentiveness. 
 
 Love of children. Located at the termination of a 
 line drawn from the eye to the top of the ear, and con- 
 tinued directly to the center of the backhead ; occupying 
 on the surface, in average size, about one inch and a 
 half square. 
 
12 PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 Friendship. 
 
 Love of friends. This element is' c&pable of much 
 more enjoyment than it generally receives, because of 
 torpidity, monopoly of time and Energy in other chan- 
 nels, the erroneous organization and inharmony of 
 society. As through this element we love those who 
 are like us in our better life, and as we accept that we 
 are in the ' 'image of God," we must conclude that He 
 loves us through this element more the more our life is 
 like His. Located each side of Physical Continuity, 
 extending a little lower; average size on the surface 
 about one inch and a half square. 
 
 Physical Continuity. 
 
 By others called "Inhabitiveness." Desire for continu- 
 ance of affection and attention in relation to physical 
 nature — -home, business, country, sexual companions, 
 children, parents, friends, &c. Located above and join- 
 ing Parentiveness ; average surface about one inch and 
 a half wide, and a half inch high. 
 
 Spiritual Continuity. 
 
 By others called " Continuity." Desire to continue 
 all attention and affection in connection with spiritual 
 nature; with family, associates, subjects of thought, 
 business affairs, and so on. Located at the upper part 
 of Physical Continuity ; average surface about one-half 
 inch high and one inch and a half wide. These two ele- 
 ments desire merely constancy of affection and attention. 
 One has to do with that only which is perceptible to the 
 eye; the other with that which is perceivable only in 
 thought, as of all the other organs which have a physi- 
 cal and spiritual department. They favor stability of 
 character, union for life with the sexes, with parents, 
 children, mmd friends; thus favoring a social system 
 and life which would secure these results; removing the 
 present extensive necessity for divorce, separation, 
 fickleness. And in these elements is one of the great 
 laws for the future; availing little hitherto, under which, 
 in the sexual relations in particular, far from now, in 
 fullness of rightful regulation and maturity of social or- 
 
PHRENOLOGY. 13 
 
 ganization, clear from evils necessitated by evils, away 
 from the hitherto essential, yet often extremely galling 
 slavery of political power, the free will of parties in 
 sexual union, will doubtless be the only, and a most rul- 
 ing, unity binding force. 
 
 VlTATIVENESS. 
 
 A propensity which desires protection to the physical 
 system, and stimulates to the directing of nervous energy 
 into the vital parts, thereby aiding, both involuntarily 
 and through the will, in capability of endurance, of re- 
 sisting disease, &c. Located below and back of Thor- 
 oughness, partly under the ear, when large, turning it 
 outward and forward. 
 
 EXECUTIVENESS. 
 
 By others called " Combativeness." Desire for execu- 
 tion. Located at the termination of a direct line ex- 
 tending from the eye to the top of the ear, then back an 
 inch and a half to an inch and three-fourths ; occupying 
 at surface in average size about one inch and a half 
 square. 
 
 Thoroughness. 
 
 By others called "Destructiveness." Desire for thor- 
 oughness in all execution and provision. Located at the 
 top of the ear; in average size extending about one inch 
 and a half high and two in width. This and the preced- 
 ing organ give stimulus to investigation and thus aid the 
 judgment, as do the organs above them; adding to per- 
 sistence and thoroughness in thought. 
 
 Alimentiveness. 
 
 Love of the nutriment essential to life. This organ, 
 under right conditions, directs and confines its regard to 
 the elements of which the natural physical constitution 
 is composed, and from which its action and heat are 
 produced, desiring each of these elements in proper 
 amount, as nature has compounded them in her rich 
 productions. Right regulation of this element, as of 
 other parts, when naturalized to it, affords much more 
 gratification than misreouilation, indirectly to itself and 
 
14 PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 every other part, imparting more enjoying power to the 
 whole. Scientific regulation of this, as of the other 
 leading elements, is indispensable to the highest condi- 
 tion for activity and enjoyment of every part of human 
 nature; though such regulation in general is neither 
 desirable nor possible for this century of deficient and 
 erroneous philosophy, and other errors and deficiencies, 
 with its flood-tide of depraved excitement under full 
 sway, wherein every violation and deficiency necessi- 
 tates, and is necessitated by, other violations and defi- 
 ciencies, the imperfect often being requisite from, and 
 making requisite, other imperfections. As from his 
 grain the horse fully sustains his fire and energy, his 
 fleetness, and endurance of hard labor, and cold of even 
 the frigid zone, so man, naturalized to correct life, with 
 vigorous nutritive system, in the far future w T ill be able, 
 from the same and the like of other of nature's correct 
 compounds, to sustain — and can do it in completeness 
 in no other way — all his nature. But men in this, in 
 our day, with truth and error for their guide, have gone 
 into wild fanaticism, terminating, under the poet's dan- 
 ger from " a little knowledge," in many instances, in 
 suicide. All-important truths have suffered from such 
 men, as these men have suffered from the truths or the 
 ignorance with them. Alimentiveness is located at the 
 upper and forward connection of the ear to the head, 
 occupying surface on the average about one inch square. 
 
 Provisionality. 
 
 By others called "Acquisitiveness." Desire to pro- 
 vide for the future, in reference to all the essentials for 
 enjoyment, desiring acquisitions and expenditures, &c., 
 as means to this end, for self, family, friends, humanity. 
 On the ocean of life, hitherto, all mankind have Been, 
 in paper barks, adrift, amid rocks and storms, ever, erro- 
 neously, in many ways, subject to ruin ; and, in the 
 common unfavorable circumstances and unnatural con- 
 ditions, in which all are liable to be in this lottery-like 
 social system, the best are capable of falling so far, and 
 yet be considered sane, that they would, to quench the 
 burnings of this with other passions, exhaust your re- 
 
PHRENOLOGY. 15 
 
 sources and see you sink in pauperism ; yet, as showing 
 the good which exists in spite of this external error, 
 there are hundreds of thousands capable of being im- 
 pelled into the extremes of wrong, who would, in in- 
 stances, breaking from these unnatural impellings, from 
 highest motive, with no thought of self or the future, 
 eagerly, joyously throw down their lives in your defense. 
 The misdirectings of this passion, the necessity of other 
 imperfections, has been the source of evil to immense 
 extent. In the newly kindling lie-lit from the human 
 brain is full provision for bringing order out of this 
 chaos ; yet, the complete philosophy of this element is 
 for the future, mainly waiting for development. As 
 with other parts, it cannot be rightly regulated till all 
 the elements of our nature are understood, and accord- 
 ingly directed in harmony together. It is yet, working 
 with other parts, to make provision for the race, of 
 which, from partial perception, men have but just 
 begun to dream. Located directly above Alimentive- 
 ness, with average surface about one inch and a half 
 square. 
 
 SUPPRESSIVENESS. 
 
 By others called "Secretiveness. 59 Desire to suppress, 
 or the reverse, as is required for the best attainment of 
 our ends. This is a strong aid to self-control, in leading 
 the intellect to perceive the necessity of suppressing the 
 feelings and their manifestation, and avoiding causes 
 of excitement. It works much in aid of Representative- 
 ness, on the stage, in art, in literature, in influencing 
 human nature ; assisting much in a large portion of the 
 business of the world. It stimulates and guides, and 
 thus greatly aids the intellect in policy, in judgment 
 of what to suppress and what to uphold; making 
 thought here much more attentive and farther reaching. 
 Located directly above Thoroughness ; average surface 
 about one inch, and a fourth high and two wide. 
 
 Cautiousness. 
 
 Desire to be guarded against all opposition to our 
 interests ; a watchman for all the other elements. Lo- 
 cated above Suppressiveness, little farther back, at the 
 
16 PHRENOLOGY, 
 
 top of the sidehead; average surface about one inch and 
 a half in height, two in length. 
 
 Approbativeness. 
 
 Love of popularity and that which is popular for our- 
 selves' and others. This is a powerful propensity, one 
 of the chief regulators of human life, and the source of 
 much good and a vast amount of evil. Scores of ages 
 hence all its power we claim will be for the right ; that 
 then, under it, men will not be ashamed, as now, but take 
 pride, in imitating God, in living intelligently, in har- 
 mony with their fellows, in the most joyous life. This 
 is the most ruling motive with tens of millions of man- 
 kind ; as Provision ality, Veneration, Dignity, Equitive- 
 ness, Benevolence, each is with other millions, and Sex- 
 uality 9 Friendship, Parentiveness, Alimentiveness, with 
 one-half the human race. Located between Dignity 
 and Cautiousness; average surface about one inch and 
 a half square. 
 
 Dignity. 
 
 By others called "Self-esteem." Love of that which 
 is dignified, of a life becoming to man, with all. Under 
 the prevailing imperfect circumstances and philosophy, 
 as of all the other sentiments, when strong, it acts with 
 full strength only when and where it is led to such by 
 other strong sentiments ; and, under their universally 
 imperfect philosophy, it has everywhere hitherto been 
 the source of a vast amount of evil. Well developed, 
 it inclines men to be unmindful of trifling affairs; and, 
 working with intellect, sometimes looks at the whole of 
 life here, in itself, as of small account, and considers the 
 difference between much and little of power, wealth, 
 health, knowledge, virtue, love — whatever it may be — 
 of anything desirable on earth, outside of its future 
 results, as a trifle not worthy of great consideration ; 
 and hence often inclines men, while getting what en- 
 joyment they can, to quietly take life's varying allot- 
 ments as fickle destiny turns them, without worrying 
 over deficiencies, losses, or any good here unattained. 
 It leads to appreciation of the fact, that the difference 
 
PHRENOLOGY. 17 
 
 between the idiots and Humbolts of mankind is as 
 nothing, in our almost total ignorance of the measure- 
 less universe around, and the coramenceless and endless 
 eternity back and before us. It leads men to humble 
 consideration of their nothingness in the light of such 
 facts as that the earth, with all upon it, compared to the 
 rest of what God superintends, is less than a mote in the 
 sunbeam to the world over which it floats; and that, in 
 illustration of our littleness and spiritual growth in the 
 future life, were we, which of course is entirely im- 
 probable, to expand physically as well as in spiritual 
 power, and advance over the universe by the clumsy 
 process of foot-step, the time, not far off, might be, when, 
 in bulk of person, we would fill more space than our 
 telescope has spanned — a field over which light, with its 
 speed of near two hundred thousand miles per second, 
 is hundreds of thousands of years in passing — each step 
 in our onward march reaching over a still farther dis- 
 tance, and early in this gigantic career a field greatly 
 larger than our telescope has covered, perhaps to be 
 allotted us for superintendence, with all its rolling gran- 
 deur ; this field and our persons and powers to be for- 
 ever expanding, while each of us forever to have an 
 immeasurably less field for action, with immeasurably 
 less magnitude and power than other creatures who 
 began infinitely long ago ; yet creatures, though to be 
 forever expanding in greatness of being, power, and 
 work, to be forever incomprehensively below God, who 
 was God when they began. We are accepting as fact 
 here that God did not begin to create, since, if He did, 
 and is infinite, during the preceding half of eternity, lie 
 must have been idle and alone, which, in perfection, lie 
 could not be. This, of course, is in the field of the un- 
 certain and incomprehensible. Though such gigantic 
 physical creatures as here noticed doubtless never have 
 been and never will be, they serve in illustration of 
 w r hat this sentiment, in its fartherest reach, well con- 
 siders, and, in comparison, directs man humbly back 
 upon the undignified nothingness of his little self. Lo- 
 cated between the organs of Approbativeness; average 
 surface about one inch in height, and two in width. 
 
18 PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 Consistency. 
 
 By others culled " Firmness." Love of the consistent 
 in connection with leading principles, objects, strongest 
 elements, previously settled policies, decisions, independ- 
 ently of present influence and excitement; operating as 
 a balance wheel. In highest location, in kingly position 
 and authority, as a sleepless overseer over what is below, 
 in the far future, under full and right philosophy, it will 
 ask for a natural, harmonious consistency from all the ele- 
 ments of human nature ; full obedience in each to the laws 
 over it ; and will be rightly inaugurated into governments 
 for the defective masses. In times of danger and high 
 excitement it is in its office — favoring consistency — to 
 suspend decision and action until a thorough survey of 
 all the facts of the case, under the different faculties and 
 sentiments, is completed. Besides urging large organs 
 to always attend to their business, which otherwise they 
 would often neglect, this sentiment often leads men, in- 
 directly, through philosophy, when the other sentiments 
 are deficient, to be equitable, venerative, dignified, con- 
 tinuous, executive, provide for the future, &c. Hitherto 
 it has worked for the wrong greatly more than for the 
 right. Located at the center of a line passing perpen- 
 dicularly from one ear over to the other ; the larger 
 part of the organ being back of this line; average sur- 
 face about two inches square. 
 
 Equitiveness. 
 
 By others called " Conscientiousness." Love of 
 equality in the interests of all; desiring for others as 
 much as we desire for ourselves; the universal love of 
 Jesus, like the impartial love of God, the fountain. With 
 wrong philosophy this sentiment very often favors re- 
 venge, dishonesty, and other evils ; and, in its uni- 
 versal depravity, outside of its extensive neglect, having 
 more to do than any other element in man, its re- 
 quired business being in proportion to its extreme 
 though dormant power, attending to but a small frac- 
 tion of its work; outside of this neglect, in its wander- 
 ings, its pathway of operations over the globe is every- 
 
PHKEKOLOGY. 19 
 
 where black with blight and ruin. Without benevolence, 
 or full and right philosophy, it often leads men who de- 
 sire to be unassisted, exposed, as they are, and subjected 
 to the wrongs of others, to favor that others be left the 
 same, subjected to their wrongs. Considered in its bulk 
 and in its two parts this is the largest organ of the human 
 brain, the strongest force of the human soul, the most 
 kingly power of the race on this globe ; and, from its 
 long confinement and torpor in dungeon darkness, it is 
 in our day awakening and struggling to be free, to have 
 in fullness its natural food. For the distant future it 
 teaches that the abilities of the stronger and weaker 
 classes are common provision, equally for the good of 
 both; and that each is bound to do all it can for the 
 other, under the various laws, in imitation of God; and 
 that, as we, under reason, desire to do no more work 
 than enough for our physical and mental needs, enough 
 each day for each day's general wants, receiving all the 
 value of the labor, in condition, provision, circumstance, 
 for the largest gratification of every element of our na- 
 ture, as we desire to have all possible provision for en- 
 joyment, to avoid the losses so extensive everywhere, 
 resulting from mismanagement, to avoid the sexual 
 absurdities, deprivations, vices, now so extremely pre- 
 valent, and many other misregulations, violations, perplex- 
 ities, losses — to have the highest training and condition 
 of all our physical and mental elements ; every part be- 
 ing cultivated, as is the pugilist's muscle, on the ground 
 that no part can be in best condition for joyous and 
 forcible action without every other part being so — and 
 that the proper amount of legitimate action and enjoy- 
 ment in each part strengthens that part and all the other 
 elements^iotthat the muscular system of the mind laborer 
 needs as much action as does that of the manual-laborer. 
 Brain action, through excitement which it awakens in the 
 heart, not only drawls blood to the brain, but also to the 
 muscular system, a portion of which is in habit of being, 
 though to small extent, daily in powerful action ;) 
 as we desire the most favorable circumstances for 
 enjoyment, for harmonious mingling with friends, 
 
20 PHKENOLOGY. 
 
 parents, children, companions, without separation till 
 day of dissolution, clear from the blights that have 
 wrecked millions of husbands, lathers, sons, and daugh- 
 ters; and clear from that slavery in which a majority of 
 the race are, and the rest liable to be, and which forces 
 upon the great mass an excess of labor, and holds them 
 from improvement and enjoyment — as we desire in full- 
 ness the pleasures of music, of the stage, of eloquence, 
 literature, science, art, philosophy — the highest artistic 
 beattty and grandeur in dwellings and surroundings, as 
 we desire all this, all of value for enjoyment that is ob- 
 tainable, for ourselves, this sentiment desires, aye, in 
 supreme authority from the Almighty, peremtorily de- 
 mands this for all; and in requiring this, requires ex- 
 tensive combination of thought, effort, interest ; the final 
 abandonment of this unequitable system, and the obvia- 
 ting of the present necessity for hoarding wealth; there 
 being no other way than through this combination to 
 have universal equality in acquired provision for enjoy- 
 ment, and to have this provision the highest possible, 
 higher than political and moneyed kings and queens 
 have ever obtained ; as is fully and plainly demon- 
 strated, both in theory and experience, from the enginery 
 of human nature, facts in general society, the successful 
 though erring Shaker, and other like communities. The 
 most God-like of earthly power is in this element; 
 greatly torpid as well as perverted hitherto, yet to be fully 
 aroused, and under intelligence to electrify and hold un- 
 limited sway through uncounted ages to come. We 
 want thought upon this philosophy, also the blundering 
 experiments and failures of fanatics, as centuries go 
 by, to fit us for successful practice when the race shall 
 be ripe for it. We must be educated, through thought 
 and experiment and failure, as in the world of physical 
 invention, to the higher modes of regulating human 
 affairs, before we can have them in practice, physically, 
 poli'ically, socially, morally, religiously. It is with the 
 inevitable that our race shall have the lower and lesser 
 good first, the animal and barbarous ; slowly rising 
 along the flow of ages to the greater and higher good. 
 
PHKENOLOGY. 21 
 
 The best forms of government and religion and life 
 of the musses have had no adaptations for mankind 
 hitherto. The most helpful systems of government 
 and religion for the present, are such as prevail, in 
 Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Gradually our race 
 is to outgrow the infantile barbarism of the present, 
 slowly rise into titness to receive the highest help, 
 instead of injury, as it would hitherto, from the 
 highest forms of government and religion; and, sure as 
 coming seed-time and harvest, in spite of the heedless, 
 the morally blind, and the policy carpers, this humanity 
 reform, under this supreme law of Equitiveness, is finally 
 to come into rightful organization ; from small begin- 
 ning slowly expanding to be the most ruling power this 
 globe with our race can know ; with the sweep of the 
 avalanche, breaking over all obstacles in its way, gather- 
 ing and elevating the human race into one grand army 
 of heroes and victors, the allotted time, to hold the earth 
 in undisputed sway, as it grandly courses its rounds, 
 with kindred worlds, in the etherial blue, The scores of 
 crazy social experiments which, a few years ago, ap- 
 peared and disappeared as bubbles, prove only what was 
 known before, that management must be accorded to 
 the nature of the material to be managed and the results 
 to be attained. Xo experiments in this line have been 
 tried on the natural system, or can he, till its subjects 
 are educated and trained for it. Equitiveness is located 
 on each side of the back part of Consistent; average 
 surface about two inches long and one and a fourth in 
 width ; the length being between Hope and Approbative- 
 ness ; in its largest development having, in its two parts, 
 about eight square inches of surface. 
 
 Hope. 
 
 Faith with regard to success and the essentials for it, 
 here and hereafter. Located on each side of the fore 
 part of Consistency; average surface about one inch 
 square. 
 
 Spirituality. 
 
 Sense of, and desire to depend on, and be controlled 
 by, the spiritual laws and powers that are over us, lead- 
 
22 PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 ing to excitement in our ruling sentiments, thereby ex- 
 tending their influence. This element is the source of a 
 mysterious religious enjoyment, powerfully experienced 
 by millions of mankind, and in agency here is believed 
 to be a medium of communion between God and man. 
 Its legitimate office is thought to be chiefly to seek 
 gratification and influence for good in prayer, and 
 through prayer and other ways to aid in rightful life, 
 in directing our whole being, in imitation of God, most 
 effectively to, or in harmony with, the good of humanity. 
 As we accept that we are in " God's image," and as we 
 enjoy spiritual communion with our children, and like 
 to be properly solicited by them for favors, and that 
 they should feel thankfulness to us, we must accept that 
 God also loves this communion, thankfulness, prayer, 
 from His children ; and as we accept that He is incapable 
 of partiality, and the only cause in being, all other 
 causes, so called, being secondary, and hence only in- 
 struments, it may be inferred that He will, where He has 
 not, sooner or later, some time in duration's endless 
 flow, in proper season, lead all His children, for both 
 His and their gratification, upward, from low, destitute 
 condition, to an acceptance of the necessary means for 
 highest good, universal love, respect, kindness, activity, 
 prayer, &c. We will add, that we cannot but prefer the 
 rich feasting of following the teachings of this senti- 
 ment, with the other powerful directors around it, rather 
 than leaving in starvation this towering part of us, under 
 the dark guesses of the materialist, Located each side 
 of Veneration ; average surface about one inch and a 
 fourth square. 
 
 Veneration. 
 
 Respect for whatever is worthy of it, the authoritative 
 desires within, and beings and laws around. Guided by 
 other higher elements, in humble and loving adoration, 
 it directs itself most powerfully to the Great Parent. 
 We cannot but accept of the existence of such a parent, 
 from the fact that we have the organs of Spirituality, 
 Veneration, Benevolence, Equitiveness, Provisionally, 
 IVrfectivcncss, Sublimity, and Hope, which, in combina- 
 
PHKENOLOGY. 23 
 
 tion, can not, when well developed i.nd active, satisfy 
 their cravings on affairs of this life, and which can not 
 in satisfaction stop short of a perfect God, and an endless 
 future of ceaseless, direct or indirect progression for 
 all His children; all of them under a system of cause 
 and effect, of good and bad, or, as you might term it, of 
 reward and penalty, forever. All other desires of man, 
 and all desires of all other creatures, far as our knowl- 
 edge goes, have provision, in form of reality, for full 
 gratification ; hence, besides the powerful reason in the 
 absurdity, of which human research has never found an 
 instance, of having passions made for starvation on an 
 insufficient provision for their gratification, or for grati- 
 fication on ungrounded visions and lies, we have also the 
 same foundation for considering it a law of nature, that 
 where there is desire there is reality related to it, suffi- 
 cient for its gratification, that we have for the law 
 of gravitation and all the other known natural laws; 
 the foundations for acceptance of them all being the 
 fact that the extensive observations of the human race 
 have found no exceptions to them; and we cannot put 
 down this, the noblest, most kingly part of man, with 
 its powerful desires, compassing eternity, the universe, 
 and an all-perfect spiritual power, clinging in highest 
 faith and gratification to these as their own — w T e cannot 
 put down this, the grandest part of mind, as having for 
 its main object, and which takes most powerfully and 
 much most satisfyingly its attention, merely deceiving, 
 groundless visions — we cannot give up this, the most 
 powerful and comprehensive part of our nature, as an 
 exception to all else w r e know of desire, and that this 
 extreme yearning has for its food, without which and 
 with which it must hunger and thirst in vain, chiefly a 
 vast bubble of nothing; w r e turn from such an absurdity 
 in disgust, and cling; unfalteringly to the undeceiving; 
 reality of these grandeurs over and beyond us. Here is 
 the richest food w T e have found on the bounteous table ; 
 and let us live, while this appetite lives, feasting upon 
 it, partaking of the sweet when the sweet is joy and life, 
 instead of the bitter when the bitter is pain and death; 
 
24 PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 and if it is so, that this, the only food which can satisfy 
 this towering part of us, taking up so much brain, so 
 much energy, so much joy, be groundless visions and 
 lies, w r e cannot find a shadow of ground to believe it ; 
 and let us not at all harbor here any groundless, tortur- 
 ing doubt, but accept that there is a fountain like and 
 for the streams, an all-sufficient source from which our 
 existence has come; related to, and corresponding with, 
 this leading part of our nature — and hesitate not to con- 
 tinue feasting our eager cravings upon this most luxuri- 
 ous, health and joy giving food; allowing not groundless 
 doubt to turn it into poison and gall of bitterness. Under 
 imperfect philosophy, Veneration has, everywhere, 
 through the past, extensively favored the wrong. Lo- 
 cated between Consistency and Benevolence; on the 
 average having surface about one inch and a half square. 
 
 Benevolence. 
 
 Love of the welfare of others. This is one of the 
 largest divisions of the human brain, and one of the full- 
 est fountains of enjoyment. It has hitherto had but 
 little of the gratification of which it is capable. It has 
 been pushed into the background, and held in chains 
 and covered in darkness. It is yet, in the distant future, 
 to be gotten out from tins prison-house, its giant power 
 giving unceasing and impartial sway, with the blissful 
 privilege, working with the other sentiments, of leading 
 in the regulation of this earthly scene, till every heart is 
 made to glow and every cheek bloom, from constant 
 fullness of joy, over the present and future, for which 
 the great God of benevolence has fitted up these human 
 engines and sifted them around the world. As the arm is 
 weakened from long confinement in the sling, so, from 
 hindrance in like ways, Benevolence, with the social, 
 moral, religious, and intellectual elements, with the 
 great mass, have become weakened and inactive, be- 
 sides other hindrances and want of other requisites for 
 action, and received but a small fraction of the enjoy- 
 ment which such training as the pugilist's muscle re- 
 ceives would have fitted them for, and a natural system 
 
PHRENOLOGY, 25 
 
 of human regulations have granted to them. This ele- 
 ment of Benevolence is a foremost principle in and over 
 the Realm of Being. Doubtless for its gratification, 
 
 with the great Supreme, all powers and existences in 
 immensity are directly or indirectly aimed ; over a field 
 limitless as the benevolence — limitless desire with a limit- 
 less universe to feed it. Aided by omniscience and 
 omnipotence, it is doubtless in unceasing operation, de- 
 lightfully bestowing its bounties over this measureless 
 Held; makms: of everything;, of even the most intense 
 agony, a rich germ for an endless succession of harvests 
 of enjoyment. We are using as truth the assumption 
 that God is commenceless and infinite. This mechanism 
 of human nature, with all its experience, is, doubtless, in 
 the great plan, for nought but the gratification, directly 
 or indirectly, of this element; and, too, in this way, a 
 wonderfully beautiful arrangement it is, in its God- 
 imaged construction ; and so, now, to us, directly, in its 
 germ-like commencing, in its richest bloom and purity 
 and thrillings of enjoyment, with its activities and loves 
 in connection with the glowing existences around it ; in 
 its full adaptation and provision — for the manhood of 
 the race — for complete gratification, in reality and ex- 
 pectation. Under a complete and correct philosophy 
 this sentiment would make doing good, in imitation of 
 God, the aim of all our objects; thereby gratifying 
 every element of our nature in the fullest and highest 
 degree. It is under this benevolence, with the other 
 ruling perfections, that we accept suffering as the great 
 teacher of the universe, an agent to serve, a blessing to 
 go with and help all or' God's vast family forever. All 
 enjoyment being produced by action, and capability for 
 enjoyment being also capability for pain, and all finite 
 creatures being: finite in knowledge, and hence to be for- 
 ever ignorant and subject to err, and erroneous action 
 producing displeasure, and we being like God in desire 
 for action, and to be no less than in His "image ' : with 
 this desire forever, ever having no less curiosity than 
 now, ever desiring activity, success, progress, ever enter- 
 ing new fields, with new work, subject to the displeasure 
 
26 PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 of defeat and disappointment, we unavoidably have the 
 conclusion that there is an endless hell — if you would 
 term it so strongly and roughly — for every creature but 
 God; one not to be saved from, but, as a needed, helping 
 consequence of error — while, as far as possible, avoiding 
 this error — to be thankfully welcomed as one of the rich- 
 est boons in the realm of being. From imperfect philos- 
 ophy and want of true help from the other sentiments, 
 Benevolence has hitherto very extensively favored the 
 wrong, working for certain parties and classes at expense 
 of others. Located between Veneration and Spiritual 
 Similarity ; average surface about one inch and a half 
 square. 
 
 Sublimity. 
 
 Love of the sublime, vast, unlimited, in space, distance, 
 bulk, time, knowledge, power, kindness, love, life, enjoy- 
 ment, its means, &c. Adapted to Immensity and Eter- 
 nity, collectively, and in the extensive divisions of them 
 and their contents. It expands thought to infinity for 
 the organs around it, in their granting to us, to all, an 
 infinite God, infinite universe, infinite existence, infinite 
 good; and so all this being the natural desire of man, it 
 must also be the desire antl will of God, in whose image 
 we are. Located between Cautiousness and Perfective- 
 ness; average surface about one inch and a half square. 
 
 Perfectiveness. 
 
 By others called "Ideality. 55 Love of perfection in 
 relation to all our mental elements, in their action, 
 work, and influence, in connection with all human life; 
 also, in relation to God and the universe, leading — work- 
 ing with the other sentiments — to belief in perfection in 
 these; also belief in a future for all, with all for them 
 that a perfect God can have, give, and do. This senti- 
 ment has been called the lover of beauty; the other 
 organs also perceive and love beauty, in form, color, 
 music, logic, rhetoric, plans, organizations, visions, 
 morals, religion, social life, &c. ; each of its own kind or 
 in its own way; while Perfectiveness, with full and right 
 
PHRENOLOGY. 27 
 
 philosophy, loves perfection in all this beauty. As the 
 heart has been called the organ of the feelings, yet is 
 merely the propeller of the blood, making its fulness and 
 rapidity of flow, and thereby the power of the feelings, 
 and the other elements, greatly dependant upon, and 
 much in proportion to, the power of the heart, so, in 
 like way, Perfectiveness, though not the imaginative 
 power, has been called such; yet, loving perfection, 
 merely impels the intellect beyond what are considered 
 imperfect realities, into regions of imagination, there to 
 conceive visions of what are considered perfection, upon 
 which to feast its cravings ; yet there is, and can be no 
 richer food for this sentiment than the wonderful reali- 
 ties all over God's universe. It is with Perfectiveness 
 here as with all the other sentiments, affections, passions ; 
 they all stimulate and direct the intellect more or less to 
 the ideal as well as the real. The vegetarian founds one 
 of his arguments on this sentiment, considering the cor- 
 rupt material, constantly forming, from decay, in all 
 living flesh, as not only a medicinal stimulant, a stupefy- 
 ing and inflaming, depravity-producing agent, but as re- 
 pulsive to this sentiment of purity, reasoning correctly 
 here, but overlooking the fact that imperfections neces- 
 
 overworked, partially broken-down men must have more 
 or less of medicinal stimulus. Located between Sublim- 
 ity and Spiritual Organization; on the average having 
 surface about one inch and a fourth square. 
 
 Melody. 
 
 By others called "Tune." Judgment of melody in 
 music and language. This faculty, as do all the others, 
 loves as well as judges, and is capable of much gratifica- 
 tion; also leading to much with other elements, through 
 excitement which it awakens in them. Located directly 
 above Number; with surface on the average about one 
 inch and a fourth square. 
 
 Representativeness. 
 
 By others called "Imitation." Desire and ability to 
 represent, through all the faculties and all the feelings; 
 
28 PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 assisting to a full understanding with all the intellect 
 and with all that is accessible of the physical and spiritual 
 universe ; bringing all the faculties and feelings related 
 to the subject in view to bear upon it, that it may be 
 comprehended as far as possible in all respects; and then, 
 through this knowledge, leading in creating and recrea- 
 ting, from original perception, memory, imagination, in 
 expression of thought and feeling, manners, life, rhetoric, 
 logic, forms, organizations, plans, visions, music, lan- 
 guage, business, science, art, over all the field here of 
 existence and life in all their representations. Whether 
 it is capable of success in any field depends on its 
 strength and the strength of the other faculties related 
 to the work. Located each side of Benevolence ; average 
 surface about one inch and a fourth square. 
 
 Spiritual Organization. 
 
 By others unrecognized. Ability to comprehend spir- 
 itual organizations, as such, and to perceive how discon- 
 nected parts should be brought together to constitute a 
 well organized whole, in connection with spiritual exist- 
 ence — complicated plans for regulating and controlling 
 human nature, individually and collectively, books, 
 speeches, logic, rhetoric, &c. Located between Spiritual 
 Incongruity and Perfectiveness ; average surface about 
 one inch and a fourth square. 
 
 Physical Organization. 
 
 By others called " Constructiveiiess. 59 Ability to com- 
 prehend physical organizations as such, and to perceive 
 how to connect disconnected parts into a well-organized 
 whole, in any of the physical business of the world. It 
 does this in complicated mechanical inventions, while 
 Eteasonality with Similarity, Incongruity, Force, &c., 
 perceive the result of the combination; Representative- 
 ness, Force, Seasonality, &c, more or less guiding in 
 doing the work; Representativeness here, with its as- 
 sistants, creating the perceptions, visions, plans of the 
 other faculties into organized realities. Through differ- 
 ent faculties are perceived ideas, Laws, principles, farts, 
 conditions, qualities, arguments, forces, modes of opera- 
 
PHRENOLOGY. 29 
 
 tion, productions, relations, expressions, &c, and these 
 organizing powers, with the aid of Kepresentativeness, 
 &c., as servants to do the work, combine them to pro- 
 duce a well organized whole. Physical Organization is 
 located between Melody and Provisionally; average 
 surface about one inch and a fourth square. 
 
 Spiritual Incongruity. 
 
 Upper part of the organ by others called "Mirthful- 
 ness." Ability to percewe incongruities, inconsistencies, 
 in customs, laws, conditions, principles, opinions, argu- 
 ments, conclusions, everything of spiritual nature under 
 men's attention. This faculty greatly aids Seasonality, 
 which uses its perceptions of the incongruous as argu- 
 ments ; discovering truth and error in and from them ; 
 often using them, with and without the perceptions of 
 Spiritual Similarity, in putting error into a ridiculous 
 light, where it is easily perceived to be an absurdity. It 
 is much used merely for amusement, to produce laugh- 
 ter ; of which it is, with its physical department, mys- 
 teriously the fountain. Located outside of Spiritual 
 Reasonality ; average surface about three-fourths of an 
 inch square. 
 
 Physical Incongruity. 
 
 Lower part of the organ by others called "Mirthful- 
 ness." Ability to perceive incongruities, inconsistencies, 
 in physical nature — in fashions, customs, all the physical 
 work of the world, and in the physical sciences and phi- 
 losophies. Located outside of Physical Seasonality; 
 average surface about three-fourths of an inch square/ 
 
 These faculties of Incongruity are in extensive de- 
 mand as discoverers of premises in logic, and render 
 very much aid in nearly all the business in which men 
 engage; enabling Eeasonality, with and without Simi- 
 larity, to perceive and understand error from its incon- 
 sistency with previously ascertained truths, and through 
 what these inconsistencies mean; and are indispensable 
 to the complete general reasoner. With these faculties 
 much deficient, men blunder in logic in certain depart- 
 ments from considering in their premises that there is 
 
30 PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 inconsistency where there is not, and that there is not 
 such where there is; and with these faculties strong, and 
 Similarity, Force, the sentiments, including Cautious- 
 ness, Indivisibility, and Eventuality, weak, often blunder 
 from dullness and carelessness in judgment of their 
 groundwork facts; very often mistaking inconsistency 
 with error for inconsistency with truth, and inconsistency 
 with truth for inconsistency with error; and so, in great 
 strength, as with strong Seasonality unassisted, often 
 blunder and lead to such, in general reasoning and judg- 
 ment. 
 
 Spiritual Seasonality. 
 
 By others called " Suavitiveness." Ability, in connec- 
 tion with spiritual nature, to reason, to discover truths 
 and errors in and from other errors and truths; to draw 
 conclusions from conclusions which this faculty has pre- 
 viously perceived, and from the knowledge of all the 
 other spiritual faculties. Through reasoning this fac- 
 ulty enables men to establish their philosophies in con- 
 nection with the spiritual — to judge of human nature in 
 all its spiritual elements, and how to manage it, indi- 
 vidually and collectively, &c. Located each side of 
 Spiritual Similarity; average surface about one inch 
 square. 
 
 Physical Seasonality. 
 
 By others called " Causality. 55 Ability to reason in 
 connection with physical nature, from premises derived 
 from itself and the other physical faculties. Through 
 its reasoning it discovers the essentials for success in the 
 larger part of the business of the world; and does all. the 
 logical judging in the physical sciences and philosophies, 
 of all that is physical in them. Located each side of 
 Physical Similarity; average surface about one inch 
 square. 
 
 These faculties of argument are the fountains of all 
 logic, or judgment, in drawing conclusions. 'Their only 
 work is to reason. In this they discover, far as logically 
 perceivable, from their previously acquired knowledge 
 and the knowledge of the other faculties, what the truth 
 
PHRENOLOGY. 31 
 
 is and why it is, in connection with operations, condi- 
 tions, qualities, forces, productions, organizations, plans, 
 everything of perceivable existence; yet, with insuffi- 
 ciency of assistance in their work, are often very blun- 
 dering. To the sound general reasoner much aid to 
 Reasonality from the other faculties is indispensable. 
 Man}' with strong reasoning power do most of their rea- 
 soning from borrowed knowledge, in connection with 
 Force, Equitiveness, &c. ; haying little of the organs that 
 are — from perception or stimulus to perception — origi- 
 nal, groundwork fact-gatherers, are obliged to depend 
 much on facts from other men's perceptions; and so are 
 quite subject to err from mistakes in their premises. 
 Persons with great power of Eeasonalitv and the facul- 
 ties of Number and Force greatly deficient, are much 
 lacking in ability to comprehend the result of applying, 
 withdrawing, combining, disuniting forces and numbers; 
 and, in instances, even to comprehend some of the most 
 simple axioms in connection with mathematics and the 
 philosophy of forces ; though in instances reason exten- 
 sively and accurately here, drawing conclusions from 
 facts which they do not comprehend, comprehending 
 neither the premises nor the conclusions; yet, without great 
 care, such are liable to err from mistakes in their prem- 
 ises. Some persons are very original beyond or before 
 their conclusions only in connection with Number, in 
 mathematics, independent here of other men-'s percep- 
 tions, axioms and rules. Others are much independent of 
 other men in groundwork for logic only in connection with 
 the teachings of Equitiveness, Veneration, Benevolence, 
 &c. Others, before their conclusions, original only with 
 the perceptions of Force, in changes, productions, the 
 forces which produce them and the relations here. Yet 
 many, greatly lacking in originality in judgment of foun- 
 dation principles and facts in general, though more or 
 less subject to err, are extensive in their reasoning in 
 connection with most departments of knowledge. Men, 
 deficient in the higher sentiments, being unoriginal here, 
 sometimes consider all men so, and that our knowledge 
 of equity, &c, in morals and religion, could be obtained 
 
32 PHKENOLOGY^ 
 
 only through revelation direct from God. Our knowl- 
 edge of the brain shows here, what we see in other ways, 
 that many strong minds are naturally lacking in original 
 judgment of equity, force, perfection, inconsistency, simi- 
 larity/ melody, &c. ; and hence in these departments 
 must. often be unreliable in judgment The only work 
 of Seasonality being in judging of the meaning of facts, 
 in the application of them, as measuring tests, as with 
 the rule or scales, having no other comprehension of 
 them, this faculty in average development, with Incon- 
 gruity, Similarity, Force, Indivisibility, Eventuality, &c, 
 largely developed, though incapable of taking in so much 
 at one view, can generally do much more and do it 
 much better than large Seasonality with these ground- 
 work fact-gatherers in moderate development. Great 
 Seasonality, with all its assistants 5 weak, may have great 
 power of drawing conclusions, of applying facts to the 
 discovery of truth, yet will often blunder from going 
 beyond facts, mistaking, in its premises, truth for error 
 and error for truth, and settled fact for uncertain con- 
 clusion, and uncertain conclusion for settled fact. Such 
 men, though greatly lacking in general judgment, in 
 instances have much success in large business where only 
 a few, plain or settled principles and facts are to be dealt 
 with. 
 
 Spiritual Similarity. 
 
 By others called " Human Nature." Ability to per- 
 ceive similarities, likenesses, in spiritual existence; there- 
 by enabling Spiritual Seasonality to argue from analogy, 
 and discover truth in the unknown from its likeness to 
 what is understood. Located at the center of the top of the 
 forehead, joining Benevolence; average surface about 
 one inch and a quarter wide, and one inch high. 
 
 Physical Similarity. 
 
 By others called " Comparison. 55 Ability to perceive 
 similarities, likenesses, in physical existence ; thus furaish- 
 iug facts for Physical Seasonality to draw conclusions from. 
 Located between Eventuality and Spiritual Similarity ; 
 average surface about one inch square. These faculties 
 
PHEEKOLOGY. 33 
 
 of perceiving similarities through aid which they render 
 Seasonality in logic, in classifying conditions and thus 
 furnishing premises, are indirectly much the most fruit- 
 ful source of philosophical and scientific discovery ; be- 
 sides their perceptions which are of much value without 
 logic, in their classifying conditions over all accessible 
 physical and spiritual existence ; and since their percep- 
 tions are very often indispensable in reasoning, men 
 with these faculties much deficient are never sound gen- 
 eral logicians, judges, in logic, rhetoric, business, science, 
 philosophy, are deficient in common sense from often 
 considering that there is a similarity where there is not, 
 and that there is not such where there is, and that a like- 
 ness is partial when it is complete, and complete when 
 it is partial ; failing in analysis and classification. These 
 faculties of course perceive differences as well as like- 
 nesses, as Incongruity does congruities, and the miner, 
 rocks as well as gold. They are very much used in rep- 
 resentation of ideas, in illustrating that w T hich is to be 
 explained, by a likeness between it and that which is well 
 known. 
 
 Eventuality. 
 
 Power of observing changes within and around the 
 mind, the workings of the faculties, of individuals, na- 
 tions, what has been done, in course of being done, may 
 be done, to be done, should and should not be done here 
 and in the heavens around ; in its fartherest reach, lead- 
 ing, through other faculties, to speculation over what 
 God has done and may do in His day and field, under 
 what we claim as a universal law, that there cannot be 
 enjoyment without action as a producing cause. In 
 business where many new and complicated plans are to 
 be formed and carried out, Eventuality, when strong, 
 leads Seasonality, with its assistants for premises, to be 
 attentive in perceiving what is required to be done. 
 Small Eventuality, in business requiring much diversity 
 of operation, often allows of neglect in perceiving what 
 it is essential to do ; thus weakening both judgment and 
 memory here, as do deficient Equitiveness, Consistency, 
 Suppressiveness, and a dozen other elements, each in 
 
34 PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 its own department, or under its own head, by not giv- 
 ing an essential stimulus to the intellect, and leading it 
 in and to perception, judgment, memory. Considerable 
 assistance from this element is indispensable to the sound, 
 general* logician, philosopher, scientist, successful general 
 business man. Located between Indivisibility and Phy- 
 sical Similarity; average surface nearly one inch square. 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Ability to perceive the relations of localities; their di- 
 rections from each other. It aids the mechanic, pilot, 
 geographer, explorer, &c. Located each side of Eventu- 
 ality ; average surface nearly one inch square. 
 
 Time. 
 
 Ability to mentally measure the lapse of time in mu- 
 sic, &c. Related to eternity and its divisions, past, pres- 
 ent, and future. Located partly above, and between 
 Color and. Systemality ; average surface about three- 
 fourths of an inch square. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Ability to understand laws and results in connection 
 with numbers. As of all the other faculties, there may 
 be great power here with little rapidity, or great rapidity 
 with little power ; also little power and much accuracy 
 in common, light work. The best accountant, best 
 dancer, best musician, best poet, best artist, the man of 
 readiest and most accurate judgment and taste, is often 
 not the man of the largest organs and greatest power, 
 but of the best balance, quality, condition, training, depth 
 and number of brain folds, and intensest temperament. 
 The little honey bee, with his little brain organism, does 
 his work as accurately as the ship-builder or the Maker 
 of worlds. Rapidity, accuracy, depth in narrow penetra- 
 tion, and activity and intensity with the feelings, often 
 are mistaken for extensiveness in breadth and bulk of 
 power. The location of Number is o'ltward from Sys- 
 temality; average surface about one-half inch square. 
 
PHRENOLOGY. 35 
 
 Systemality. 
 
 Power of regulating sys- 
 tematically iu accordance with all the principles and 
 rules of intellect, in connection with all parts of human 
 nature and all around it to which it is related. Imper- 
 fectly assisted, as it universally is, outside of its fre- 
 quently abnormal condition, it often becomes exacting 
 beyond reason, regarding certain principles and rules of 
 right, propriety, affairs of taste, business, &c, and un- 
 mindful of other rules and principles, of Equitiveness, 
 Perfectiveness, Executiveness, Provisionally, Locality, 
 and so on, when these are not strong and not otherwise 
 represented; and hence, when strongly developed, as 
 of all the other leading higher and lower elements, 
 this part must often greatly neglect and err without the 
 required philosophy. We perceive that the Great Regu- 
 lator, in like M ess of His own nature, as we accept, has 
 put into the human constitution a multiplicity of differ- 
 ent sentiments, each in its own particular way for full 
 enjoyment in the one correct course of life, and as an 
 indispensable aid in establishing a complete philosoplry 
 of this course; each here doing what none of the others 
 could do ; also aiding in putting this philosophy into 
 practice. What Systemafhy, fully enlightened, would 
 do, would also be desired by a dozen other elements, 
 under full enlightenment and with full and right direc- 
 tion in rightful circumstances. Rightly instructed, di- 
 rected and circumstanced, each is conscientious, in its 
 own higher or lower way, for the same ends ; loving all 
 of the right; not, with any of them, because it is right, 
 but because the right is its natural food. With full en- 
 lightenment and right direction, Dignity would require 
 the man to live intelligently, and hence to obev all the 
 laws of his nature ; Approbativeness, under full intelli- 
 gence, in rightful society, would find that respectability 
 would be impossible without the same obedience. Cau- 
 tiousness would not be willing to risk anything differ- 
 ent ; Consistency, the first overseer, in a consistent life 
 in all the elements, would demand full obedience to the 
 laws over them ; Equitiveness require the same, for uni- 
 
36 PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 versa! good; Veneration, full respect to all rightful law ; 
 Benevolence, for its ends, need as much; Perfective- 
 ness would have freedom from all error or deficiency ; 
 Organization, the same; Representativeness, fully en- 
 lightened, want it as its food ; Provision ality claim it 
 as provision for enjoyment; Executiveness, as servant, 
 would w r ant it all in execution ; Thoroughness to have it 
 for its ends ; and Systemality desire it all as an intellectual 
 policy over the whole ; and not only do all these ele- 
 ments, rightly circumstanced, require all the right, be- 
 sides desiring it, but man's whole social and animal na- 
 ture also, for its fullest gratification, requires, though it 
 does not fully desire, the same ; and — science unfolds it 
 — the glorious day is dawning, though its sun will be 
 many ages rising, when, with right organization, the hu- 
 man soul shall have completion of liberty, and all its 
 elements, in normal condition and under self-control, 
 seek and get fullness of enjoyment in rightful life. Sys- 
 temality is located between Color and Number ; average 
 surface about one half inch square. 
 
 Color. 
 
 Judgment of colors. Located between Force and 
 Systemality; average surface about one half inch 
 square. 
 
 Force. 
 
 By others called " Weight." Comprehension of the 
 natural forces. Led to its work, as is generally required, 
 by the higher intellect, it comprehends gravity, electrical, 
 chemical, mechanical forces, forces of natural develop- 
 ment and dissolution, of heat, light, the brain, vital, 
 social, mental, moral, religious forces, the relations be- 
 tween all causes and effects with all the forces within 
 and around us that are accessible to human investiga- 
 tion; no other power, though it may lead and perceive, 
 having comprehension here ; as with all the other facul- 
 ties, each comprehending in its own department or way, 
 and in no other; though, as in higher mathematics, 
 Number requires aid from Reasonality, &c, so the fac- 
 ulty of Force in most affairs requires very much of this 
 
PHKEXOLOGY. $7 
 
 aid. Led on by the higher powers, it reaches and com- 
 prehends thousands of times more than it could without 
 this assistance. Individuals with no power of Season- 
 ality, in instances, have thorough comprehension of the 
 relations of numbers in simple mathematics, where Sea- 
 sonality can be dispensed with; and it is the same with 
 the faculty of Force. It comprehends the result of com- 
 bining, disuniting, applying, withdrawing, forces ; seeing 
 forces, causes, in effects, and effects in causes ; assisted 
 bv the higher faculties, which discover the most of the 
 causes, effects, and relations, without comprehending 
 them. Men sometimes, through a moderately developed 
 organ of mathematics, aided much by the higher facul- 
 ties, obtain extensive knowledge of the science of num- 
 bers ; so men, through a moderately developed organ of 
 Force, much aided by the higher perceptions, in instances 
 obtain extensive knowledge of cause and effect and the 
 relations between them, in connection with an extensive 
 range of the forces that are mmm ceaselessly operating 
 upon, constructing, or dissolving or changing everything 
 of the universe. As in mathematics, with the faculty of 
 Number deficient, men often learn truths which they do 
 not comprehend ; so w T ith deficiency in the faculty of 
 Force, men, from their logic upon other men's percep- 
 tions, discover much which they do not understand ; 
 often concluding that some production is as the forces 
 which produce it, without comprehending the fact. This 
 organ in large development, sufficiently aided by the 
 higher faculties, comprehends that all operations in im- 
 mensity must be as the forces which produce them ; that 
 this law of force must, beyond power of omniscience and 
 omnipotence to make otherwise, be a universal system of 
 despotic rule ; that under it must stand the universe and 
 its God; that there they must have ever stood and there 
 stand forever ; and, granting that there is a God at the 
 head, instead of blind forces, and the origin of allpow r er, 
 this faculty, fully aided, comprehends that all forces or 
 causes but the great Fountain are secondary and not 
 causes any further than as acting effects, instruments, 
 agents; and that hence there is but one cause in being; 
 
38 PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 and that all the changes in Eternity's commenceless past 
 and endless future, under this inevitable and undeviating 
 law, have come and are to come from this great Foun- 
 tain; and that the infinite and unceasing flow of force 
 and production from this wondrous source, streaming 
 over immensity and through commenceless ages, all the 
 work of this great Mind and Heart, must, beyond 
 possibility of being otherwise, be precisely as the perfect 
 wisdom, love, kindness, equity, &c, of His faultless con- 
 stitution. With its higher aids, this faculty compre- 
 hends that every movement of every leaf, of every mote 
 and particle in and over oceans and globes, every thought 
 and feeling of every creature, where there is no Supreme 
 interference, is the outgrowth of a countless number of 
 secondary causes, extending infinite!}' back; any one of 
 which causes, had it been out of being, the little change 
 or production, without Supreme interference, could not 
 possibly have been. Aided, it comprehends that ,all 
 changes and productions existed infinitely long ago, 
 either in the secondary causes of nature or their great 
 Fountain. In chains of cause and effect, with its assist- 
 ants, it perceives the rank of the accessible causes ; as an 
 instance, comprehends that no creature can possibly act 
 otherwise than for self-gratification — that no voluntary 
 action is possible in other way than as food for self-im- 
 pulse — that even self-forgetting Beneyolence works 
 wholly for others because the good of others is its only 
 food; the aim here in assisting them being a means to 
 this foundation object; as of the aim in the rein oval Of 
 a thorn from the tinker, or an a chin 2; tooth from th 
 
 e 
 
 head — as with passions generally, where-the ends .which 
 are means to their gratification take all the thought. 
 With its higher assistance it comprehends what human 
 history inevitably must be, from the first fully developed 
 pairs of the race to its maturity; in its general principles, 
 conditions, and doings — comprehends that the Best 
 Being would do entirely as does the worst, had lie en- 
 tirely a like nature and were entirely in like circum- 
 stances to those of the worst comprehends that intellect 
 is but a force impelling to, and with power, of, percep- 
 
PHRENOLOGY. 39 
 
 tion ; capable of nothing but to want and get and give 
 light, to gratify itself alone ; as of all the other parts of 
 the brain, or the soul back of it — comprehends the 
 groundwork for the conclusion that, with God, all pun- 
 ishment, all misery, is given His children wholly from 
 His love and kindness ; and that evil is such merely in 
 being of the lower and lesser good ; and hence, in the 
 broadest sense, is never evil; and that the Great Parent 
 ever has us all lovingly in His arms, protected from all 
 harm ; to be led, directly or indirectly, onward and up- 
 ward, through ignorance and error and suffering and 
 intelligence and love to Him and His children, and obe- 
 dience to law, and enjoyment forever; ever passing, 
 directly or indirectly, with greater or lesser progress, 
 according to the wisdom of the great plan, from the 
 lower and lesser to the greater and higher good, from a 
 degraded to a God-like life — comprehends, in the way of 
 force and production, that the sexual starvation, the 
 starvation in a score of ways through all the human 
 soul, ever darkening the globe with the wretchedness of 
 groveling millions, the most extensive of absurdities, the 
 sum of all human evil, the one wrong of human life, is 
 to be terminated, and the human soul, under intelli- 
 gence, to receive in fullness its natural food — that this 
 is the great work for the future, the true religion of 
 matured humanity; bringing selfishness and its oppo- 
 sites, iill under intelligence, into perfection and harmony 
 together ; all there is of this life of wisdom, consisting 
 in enlarging and feeding our capacities for enjoyment, in 
 giving to Equitiveness, to all the human soul, in fullness 
 its natural food. This faculty of comprehending the 
 relations between farces and productions is a main and 
 indispensable groundwork judge in the wide field of 
 common sense. .A T. Stewart perhaps had as much of 
 this power and as large an amount of business common 
 sense as any man on the globe. The vast mind of Lord 
 Bacon was deficient in this element, and he had but 
 little of common sense. The extreme sagacity of Dean 
 Swift depended greatly on this faculty, which he had in 
 extreme, while he was small in the reasoning part of the 
 
40 PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 brain. Located between Distance and Color; average 
 surface about one-half inch square. 
 
 Distance. 
 
 By others called " Size." Ability to measure distance 
 by the eye, and comprehend distance, in Astronomy, 
 &c. With experience, in certain fields, it judges of 
 weight and value by eye measurement. We change the 
 name here, since perceiving size is a combination of its 
 1 perceptions. Located between Form and Force; aver- 
 age surface about one-half inch square. 
 
 Form. 
 
 Ability to perceive and judge of physical forms. In 
 combination with Locality, Distance, Organization, In- 
 divisibility, Representativeness, and so on, it notices and 
 remembers the appearance of countries, cities, machinery, 
 countenances, &c, though memory here, as in all other 
 departments, depends on completeness of attention, con- 
 dition, depth and number of brain folds, and size of the 
 organs ; large organs, other things being the same, per- 
 ceiving and remembering, not better, but more than 
 organs that are smaller. Located between and under 
 Indivisibility and Distance, slightly above, and between 
 the eyes ; average surface about one half inch square. 
 
 Indivisibility. 
 
 By others called " Individuality." Power of perceiv- 
 ing disconnectedly the indivisible parts, far as accessible, 
 of all individualities of physical and spiritual existence. 
 This power much aids all the other faculties ; their capa- 
 bility being greatly more when it is largely developed 
 than when its developement is much deficient. With- 
 out help from this organ the other faculties notice 
 wholes and certain parts and overlook other parts, and 
 often only a few organs will be awakened to attention 
 when many others should be so awakened. In eager- 
 ness for all the facts connected with the case in hand, 
 this organ awakens all the other faculties and all the 
 sentiments related to the subject. Located at the cen- 
 ter of the lower part of the forehead ; average surface 
 early one inch square. 
 
phrenology. 41 
 
 Language 
 
 Ability to understand, learn and devise language. 
 This faculty, as with others, to perform its office, in ex- 
 pression of thought, must have much assistance ; and 
 receives this aid from Representativeness, Reasonality, 
 Similarity, Incongruity. Organization, Perfectiveness, 
 Systemality, Melody, Eventuality, Indivisibility. With 
 its assistants, it reads the language of nature, judges of 
 men, of facts in business, science, philosophy. Located 
 partly above and back of the eye ; when large, forcing 
 it well down and outward. 
 
 Natural and Practical Character. 
 
 In absence of the true philosophy of life and pro- 
 vision for its adoption in practice, the theory and prac- 
 tice of men, as a general thing, have ever been more or 
 less deficient and erring, from the common standard, 
 morally, in the departments and ways plainly related to 
 the brain organs with them in deficient development. 
 With greatly deficient Equitiveness, they often fail much 
 in noticing even the most direct, plain teachings of this 
 sentiment, and, as a consequence, are often much neg- 
 lectful and erring in judgment, opinion, and practice 
 here; and so, deficiency of Dignity, Approbativeness, 
 Veneration, Benevolence, Consistency, Cautiousness, 
 Provisionally, Executiveness, Thoroughness, Suppress- 
 iveness, &c, each, from deficiency of feeling and conse- 
 quent thought and original judgment, generally produces 
 more or less deficiency in theory and practice in its own 
 direct department ; and, as a general thing, with many 
 exceptions from bad philosophy, in moral correctness, in 
 general circumstances and conditions, men have been 
 above or below the general theory and practice consid- 
 erably in accordance as their superior sentiments were 
 above or below r the average development ; yet, also as 
 exceptions, sometimes, with a borrowed theory, when all 
 the higher sentiments are much deficient, even one of 
 the lower ones, and that not strong, will, in its low r er 
 way, do what the higher sentiments would do, when 
 predominant, and produce more than usual correctness 
 
42 PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 of life ; showing most plainly that a full and correct 
 theory for the race, .in fully favoring circumstances and 
 conditions, may produce fully correct life with all man- 
 kind. Yet, hitherto, since all men have been more or 
 less unnatural in the machinery of thought and feeling, 
 men's characters, physical, intellectual, social, passional, 
 moral, religious, have not been chiefly in accordance 
 with the amount of their brain and body development 
 and their philosophy, but, very extensively, more in ac- 
 cordance with their deranged physical conditions, and 
 always more or less in accordance with these ; but which 
 derangement — we have convincing evidence in the forces 
 of the human organism, &c. — advancing knowledge and 
 practice will finally remove from the world ; after some 
 hundreds of generations more have come and gone. 
 This opposition to rightful life, from disordered condi- 
 tions in the machinery of thought and feeling, prevails 
 more, as civilization under the existing order marches 
 on. Under the present system, with its unnatural con- 
 ditions, all are under liability of becoming more or less 
 abnormal in thought and feeling on subjects to which by 
 them is given very much and continuous attention ; re- 
 ligious, moral, social, political, scientific ; business 
 affairs, self, favored or unfavored companions, acquaint- 
 ances, party, society, whatever the subject, In the ani- 
 mal feelings are millions with more or less of this disor- 
 der; the prisons have many of them, and more and 
 worse subjects are unreached by human law. Millions 
 have so much unnatural activity and action in one or 
 more of the animal elements, including often the pro- 
 pensity for muscular labor, that there is not sufficient 
 energy left for activity in other parts, and so often are 
 nearly destitute of desire and ability for intellectual, re- 
 ligious, moral, social enjoyment. And the great loss 
 from physical depravity, is not chiefly in health and 
 length of life, but greatly more in enjoyment and condi- 
 tions for it. In quite extremely depraved life, what. is 
 called health may sometimes continue a hundred years, 
 while half a score of years of rightful life may have 
 much more enjoyment than all this century of depravity. 
 Practical character never yet has been fully natural, 
 
PHRENOLOGY. 43 
 
 for the reason that the machinery of thought and feeling 
 never has been fully normal, and from want of the re- 
 quired knowledge and circumstances. Under intelli- 
 gence, when the machinery of life is understood, and the 
 required arrangements are made for it, we claim the 
 conditions of life will be made normal, and self-control 
 and rightful life be natural and inevitable, under the 
 laws of force, over desires and their food. But, as 
 human progress times its step with the ages, scores of 
 centuries more must go by ere the arrival of this maturity 
 in human affairs. We must for long time yet have the 
 greatly imperfect life; or, in another sense, the lower 
 forms and ways of good. And in these infantile bar- 
 barous ways, of good, of remedy, of help, we must still 
 have the battle-field with its slaughters, the gallows with 
 its struggling victims, the fallen woman and man no 
 better, capitalists, sponging from the laboring millions, 
 remedial poisons, animal, social, moral, religious ex- 
 cesses and deficiencies, and so on through a long list. It 
 is God's plan, in the first few hundred centuries of our 
 race, to have it in much ignorance and guided very much 
 more by error than by truth, and to have good done and 
 the race advanced extensively by means that are to us 
 despicable, under our enlightened sentiments. The scav- 
 enger bird and worm perform an essential but disgusting 
 work; so — we have the conclusion in the character of 
 God, beside seeing much of it in the results — ignorance, 
 corruption, crime, misery, in the great plan, are essen- 
 tials to meet important ends; yet, God has put within us 
 sentiments which are also a part of this plan, and to be 
 our guide, which, enlightened, lead us to admire the 
 higher life, outside of its greater joj^s, and despise that 
 which is brutal; and, though good maybe done now, and 
 for long time yet, as it has been through the past, in a 
 despicable way, by war, by all manner of brutishness, 
 with its consequent suffering, this is not the way for all 
 the future; God has planned otherwise in the operating 
 forces which he has put within and around the race. 
 Since human nature, under intelligence, becomes and 
 continues normal, and since all its forces, when normal 
 
44 PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 and under intelligence and in the required circumstances 
 and conditions, have a nature to impel in but one direc- 
 tion, most of the forces working for, and all of them in, 
 rightful life, such life, fully, for all the race, finally, must 
 inevitably be attained. The destiny of the human race 
 on earth is a fully natural, inevitable outgrowth of 
 the human constitution ; and, with what knowledge we 
 now possess, could, all, in character, have been foreseen 
 in that constitution when the race with its first wonder- 
 ing and wondrous individuals began its changeful career. 
 Knowing that enjoyment, in and out of its means, is the 
 only possible object of desire, with what is now known 
 of human desires and their food, this career of mankind, 
 from its commencement to its close, in character, could 
 all have been perceived at the beginning of the career as 
 the necessary production of these regulating desires, 
 forces, in the gradual development of the race from its 
 infantile ignorance to its manhood intelligence. And, 
 finally, the great work of the race for the future is, under 
 a further development of intelligence, first, to rightly 
 organize society, then to make the machinery of human 
 nature normal, and, lastly, as far as possible, to invigor- 
 ate, sustain, and feed this " Image of God." 
 
PHRENOLOGY. 
 NATURAL CHARACTER 
 
 45 
 
 Of.. 
 
 %. 
 
 Ill interpretation of character, degrees of development 
 are hereiMica|edby numerals; which denota^om 1 to 
 7; Ik respectively, small', moderate, average, full, vcry'largc. 
 
 Size of the whale bra. 
 as follows: A head 
 little below where the 
 Indivisibility round e* 
 ally connected with i 
 21 to 22 average ; 2 
 
 cated, with some variation, 
 
 20 inches in circumference, 
 
 comes in contact with it, from 
 
 to Parentiveness, is gener- 
 brain ; 20 to 21 moderate ; 
 ill; 23 to 24 very large. 
 
 Names of Organs, $c.,and Degrees of Development. 
 
 Size of Brain 
 
 Nervous System . . . 
 
 Vital System 
 
 Muscular System. . . 
 Physical Sexuality . 
 Spiritual Sexuality . 
 
 Parentiveness 
 
 Friendship 
 
 Physical Continuity 
 Spiritual Continuity 
 
 Vitativeness 
 
 Executiveness 
 
 Thoroughness 
 
 Alimentiveness 
 
 Provision ality 
 
 Suppressiveness. . . . 
 
 Cautiousness 
 
 Approbativencss . . . 
 
 Dignity 
 
 Consistency 
 
 Ecjuitiveiiess 
 
 Decrees 
 
46 PTIPtElSrOLOGY. 
 
 Hope 
 
 Spirituality 
 
 Veneration 
 
 Benevolence 
 
 Sublimity 
 
 Perfectiveness 
 
 Melody 
 
 Representativeness . . . 
 Spiritual Organization 
 Physical Organization 
 Spiritual Incongruity. 
 Physical Incongruity . 
 Spiritual Reason ality. 
 Physical Reasonality. . 
 Spiritual Similarity... 
 1 Physical Similarity . . . 
 
 Eventuality 
 
 Locality 
 
 Time. . 
 
 Number 
 
 Systcmality 
 
 Color 
 
 Force 
 
 Distance 
 
 Form 
 
 Indivisibility 
 
 Lan^ua^e 
 
 Degrees. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 The Human Brain — -Nervous System, Vital 
 
 System, Muscu- 
 
 lar System, . . . 
 
 7 
 
 Physical Sexuality 
 
 . 10 
 
 Spiritual Sexuality, . 
 
 ... 11 
 
 Parentiveness 
 
 . 11 
 
 Friendship, 
 
 12 
 
 Physical Continuity, . 
 
 . 12 
 
 Spiritual Continuity, . 
 
 12 
 
 Yitativeness, ...... 
 
 . 13 
 
 Executiveness, 
 
 13 
 
 Thoroughness, . . . 
 
 . 13 
 
 Alimentiveness, . . . ■ . 
 
 13 
 
 Provisionality, 
 
 . 14 
 
 Suppressiveness, ... 
 
 15 
 
 Cautiousness, ..... 
 
 . 15 
 
 Approbativeness, 
 
 16 
 
 Dignity, 
 
 . 10 
 
 Consistency, ...... 
 
 18 
 
 Equitiveness, . 
 
 . 18 
 
 Hope, 
 
 21 
 
 Spirituality, ...... 
 
 . 21 
 
 Veneration, 
 
 22- 
 
 Benevolence, 
 
 . 24 
 
 Sublimity, . . . . 
 
 20 
 
 Perfectiveness, ..... 
 
 . 26 
 
 Melody, 
 
 27 
 
 Representativeness, .... 
 
 . 27 
 
 Spiritual Organization, . . . . 
 
 28 
 
 Physical Organization, 
 
 . 28 
 
 Spiritual Incongruity, . . 
 
 29 
 
 Physical Incongruity, .... 
 
 . 29 
 
 Spiritual Seasonality, .... 
 
 30 
 
 Physical Reasonality, .... 
 
 . 30 
 
 Spiritual Similarity, 
 
 . 32 
 
 Physical Similarity, ..... 
 
 32 
 
48 INDEX. 
 
 Eventuality, 33 
 
 Locality, 34 
 
 Time, . 34 
 
 Number, 34 
 
 Systemajity, . 35 
 
 Color, ........... 36 
 
 Force, ........... 36 
 
 Distance, 40 
 
 Form, 40 
 
 Indivisibility, .40 
 
 Language, .41 
 
 Natural and Practical Character, . . . . 41 
 
 Natural Character of, ........ 45