Class _JPi_lA_LS. Rook ^ A S^2- U CopightN TO CJOEaSIGHT DEPOSm ., Ktf\- LOURELL THE INDIAN MAID BY JOHN MILBURN HARDING LORAIN. OHIO: DkVeny & McCahon Copyright, 1916, by John M. Harding. I 1^ CI.A453105 CONTENTS Historical Notes, Names, and Characters, 9 THE STORY: Introduction, - - - - 13 Part The First, The Capture, - - - 17 Part The Second, The Massacre, - - - 49 Part The Third, The Exile, - - - 75 Part The Fourth, The Return, - - - - 97 ILLUSTRATIONS: Zeisberger Preaching to^the Indians, Frontispiece ^ Indian Monument, Opposite Part II. ^ Crawford's Monument, " " III.c< Old Cemetery, " " IV. HISTORICAL NOTES The history of the planting of civilization in the Northwest Territory teems with thrilling ad- venture. Before white men sought to establish permanent homes in that region, many of the native savages were converted to Christianity through the tireless efforts of brave missionaries, Catholic and Protestant. To some degree this story follows the activities of Moravian mission- aries. In Europe the Moravian church was estab- lished in Moravia and Bohemia, and its mission- aries had success among many savage peoples, notably the Delaware Indians of eastern Penn- sylvania and the Ohio country. In 1770, the savage Delawares living in the valley of the Muskingum Piiver, through their chief Netawatwes, invited the Moravian mis- sionaries and their Indian converts to come from Pennsylvania to the valley of the Tuscarawas branch of the Muskingum River. To escape the dangers to which the missionaries and converts were exposed on account of the bitter feeling between the French in Canada and the English in the Colonies, the invitation was accepted; and, in 1772, Schoenbrunn, (German for Beautiful Spring), Gnadenhutten, (Tents of Grace, men- tioned by Longfellow in Evangeline), and Salem, mission villages, were founded in the valley of the Tuscarawas, then called the Muskingum. For nine years the inhabitants of those villages enjoyed peace and prosperity. Each village had a house of worship and a school. The church at Schoenbrunn, though large enough to acconj- 10 inodate five hundred hearers, was frequently found to be too small. For the government of the villages written ordinances, still in existence, were adopted. One of them provided for the entertainment of all travelers without any charge. This hospitable rule led indirectly to the destruction of the vil- lages, which, it will be noticed, were situated about midway between Fort Pitt, (Pittsburgh), and Fort Detroit, (Detroit). As the Revolution I)rogressed, the British at the latter place with their Indian allies came to look upon the mis- sion villages as Colonial out-posts. At the re- quest of the Colonial Military Authorities, mis- sionary John Heckewelder rode horseback from Fort Pitt to Coshocton, Ohio, to carry, in the spring of 1778, the news of Burgone's surrender, and peace messages from Colonies to the savage Indians of the Northwest. During the preceding w^inter renegades and deserters from the Ameri- can Army had fired all the savages by telling them that Washington had been captured by the British, and that the remaining Colonists were coming westward to take away the Indians' lands. Through the efforts of Heckewelder an army of several thousand warriors assembled, ready to fight the Colonists, was disbanded and peace maintained. On the other hand the Colon- ial frontiersmen came to look upon the mission towns as resting places where maurading bands of savages, on murdering trips to and from the unprotected settlements, were fed and enter- tained. The story touches on the first town, the first church, the first school, and the first burial 11 ground of civilized man in Ohio; the first fort, Fort Laurens, built in the Northwest territory by the Colonial Government, and the first armed ex- pedition sent into the region by Colonial au- thority. The story also follows, to some degree, the issues of the Revolution in the Northwest. CHARACTERS Lourell, (pronounced Loo-rell, with accent on last syllable), Jacob Senseman, her lover, Joe the hunter, and the minor characters, and the part each takes are imaginative. All the other char- acters, white and Indian, are historic, and, in writing the parts of each, diligent effort has been made to follow authentic history. LOCAL NAMES USED IN THE STORY "Midway Towns" or "Middle-way Towns," was the name applied to the Mission settlements on the Tuscarawas. "Captives' Town" was the place of settlement of the missionaries and converts on the Sandusky River during captivity. The mis- sionaries called the converted Indians "Brown Brethren," while the savage Indians frequently spoke of the frontiersmen as "Long Knives." Only three of the many intrepid Moravian Missionaries are named in the story: David Zeisberger, born April 11, 1721, in Aus- trian Moravia, died November 17, 1808, is buried at Goshen, Ohio. He spent over sixty years as a missionary among the Indians of North America. William Edwards died in 1801, and lies buried by the side of Zeisberger. 1^ John Heckewelder, born at Bedford, England, March 12, 1743, died at Bethlehem, Pa., January 21, 1823. He not only spent long years as a mis- sionary, but often served the Government of the United States in various capacities. Some of the missionaries and their faithful "Brown Brethren" remained at the Goshen Mis- sion till the year 1824, when the title to their three tracts of land was receded to Congress for a money consideration,, after which they moved to Canada. In 1838-9, they and their posterity settled in Kansas. Their tribe, numbering about one thousand souls, furnished over one hundred and eighty soldiers for the Union Army during the Civil War. Most of their descendents now live in Oklahoma. It was some seventeen years after the massacre of the ninety-six Christian Indians at Gnaden- hutten, until the return of the missionaries and their converts to the valley of the Tuscarawas to found Goshen. The bones of the martyrs were carefully gathered and buried, near the present site of the monument. The old cemetery at Goshen contains many marked graves of de- parted Indians. Until the removal of the tribe to the far west made the trip too long, some of them returned with the repeating years to the valley of the Tuscarawas to care for the graves of their an- cestors and to ponder over the wrongs they had suffered. 13 INTRODUCTION Flows the Tuscarawas onward Past wide fields of fertile land; On its banks, and still unnumbered, Sycamore and elm trees stand; Farms and gardens greet the morning. Where primeval forest rang, Where the Red Man chased the wild deer, And his crude songs idly sang; Happy homes by thousands numbered Dot this valley up and down — Homes are they of people having Wealth and wisdom of renow^n; Hamlets, towns, and smoking cities Rear high spires and flaming towers; And instead of howling pack wolves Locomotives pierce the hours Through the daytime and the nighttime With each shrill and screaming blast; Through such changes has the valley In few generations passed. Still the peaceful Tuscarawas Mirrors sun and moon and star; Still the broad, alluvial lowlands Stretch to rolling hills afar; Still, at times, an oar or paddle Dips beneath the surface blue; u Still the swallows skim the wave-crests, As, years past, the swallows flew : But, at noon, no antlered monarch Seeks the waves his thirst to slake; And no bear with awkward motion Travels through the weedy brake; Here no Indian lover loiters With the maiden of his choice, As of old, along the river, Speaking in a lover's voice. Missionaries, Christian Indians Of Moravian belief. With their homes and fields and gardens, All have perished, died of grief. Ye w^ho seek for human goodness, And have friends beloved and dear, Ye who have a heart's true passion, And can smile or shed a tear. Listen, ye adopted people Where the native race did fail. List to this pathetic story. This Moravian Indian tale. PART THE FIRST THE CAPTURE THE CAPTURE 17 I. In the Tuscarawas valley, Seventeen and eighty-one, Far from settlement and city, Distant, quiet, and alone, Lay the fruitful Indian Mission Town, Gnadenhutten fair. Kissed by sunlight's purest splendor, Bathed in balmy forest air. By the village flowed the river. Called of old Muskingum blue, Which across its placid waters Bridge nor viaduct then knew. Wide and broad the tasseled cornfields Bustled in each passing breeze; And the fruit of peach and apple Bipened on the orchard trees; Cattle slowly o'er the pastures Fed upon the tender grass, While their glossy sides reflected Morning's sunlight as a glass; Horses, hogs, and sheep, and cattle. Cellars full, and bins of wheat. And the song of reel and shuttle Spake of living there complete. 18 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID "Tents of Grace," our tragic village, Was a garden in a waste; Wide and straight its streets and alleys, Cleanly kept with frugal taste; Stone foundations had the houses, Built on early settlers' plan, — Logs and chinking, sticks and daubing. Shingle roof the whole to span. Near the center of the village Stood the church with steepled tower, Where the bell in calm vibrations Tolled each evening's twilight hour; And its mellow notes resounding Rang each Sabbath morn's return Of the sacred hour of teaching. Whence the heathen all could learn How, throughout the Bethl'hem valley, People told one early morn. In the manger of a stable Had a Savior, Christ, been born. Near the church of simple structure Stood the "Mission House" and school, Snugly nestled in the shadows Of the giant elm trees cool. There alike the Christian Indians And their children learned to read Both the Delaware and German Tongues with acc'racy and speed. There the acolytes and teachers Trained and taught each forest child, THE CAPTURE 19 While the Mission Council governed All with justice, tempered, mild. As the August sun was sinking O'er the woodlands to the west Of that peaceful, happy village On the fertile valley's breast, Many workmen from their labors Came to homes with hearts all light. Glossy kine had freed their udders. And the maids, e'er falling night. Stored the basins in the cellars With the milk of yellow glow% While the rolls of cheese and butter Made complete the luscious show. Peacefully the men and women Talked in homes and on the street; Children, plump and healthy, happy. Ran and gamboled wath limbs fleet; Lovers wandered out the roadways Leading toward the other towns, — Schoenbrunn, Salem, Gnadenhutten, Marked Moravian Missions' bounds; And upon the rippling river In each light canoe and boat. In the lull of evening's twilight, Happy ones did row or float; Here and there low, plaintive music, Wafted on the evening breeze From the happy Indian voices. Rose among the bow'rs and trees. 20 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID II. Sweet Lourell, the fairest daughter Of the Tuscarawas town. In a light canoe of birch bark With the current floated down; Willows dipped their sedgy branches; Nodded every shaggy tree; Birds among the leafy branches Chirped a welcome; and the bee, On its homeward errand speeding. Seemed to slacken its fierce pace When the sunbeams through the branches Shone upon her lovely face. On the seat a robe of bear skin. Flung in loose yet artful way. Looked a throne upon the waters Where a dusky queen held sway. In her hands the shining paddle Dipped in silence 'neath the blue Surface of the Tuscarawas, Guiding on the light canoe. Rich black hair in graceful volume Fell in wave-folds down her back. And her brown eyes scanned the shore-line For her lover Jacob's track. Jacob Senseman, her lover, Waited silently and lone On a fallen tree whose body Was with willows overgrown. THE CAPTURE 21 Now he hails the floating craftsmaid; Now she dips the paddle deep; Now the light canoe is gliding Toward the shore in graceful sweep; Now within the bow she's sitting; He is standing in the stern; Lightly glide the boat and lovers, At his steady stroke and firm. We will not their conversation Give in just each loving word, For so softly was it uttered That no list'ner could have heard. Yet, he told her how the cottage Home, almost completed, stood Waiting early occupation; How the garden, full a rood, Had been fenced around with palings; How within that little home They would live in joy together Through the happy years to come. She, in all her maiden meekness, Listened to each manly word, — Listened, for they were the sweetest That her ears had ever heard. Yes, the thought to have her own home, To a maid of eighteen years, Thrills her with the hopes of woman, Purges mind and heart of fears. 22 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID Child she was of Netawatwes, Sachem of the Del'ware race. Though a child of savage monarch, Christian faith did she embrace Ere she reached the age of woman, And her friends and forest home Left to join the Christian Missions, There a teacher to become. Under guidance of Zeisberger She had labored long and well, Teaching Delawares their language How to write and read and spell. And in litanies and prayer songs Of the Church's solemn rite She the little ones instructed At each dawn and each twilight. Jacob, brawny, strong, athletic. Just past twenty summers old, Was the son of Chief Glikkikan, Once a warrior fierce and bold. In the seed time or the harvest Jacob was the foremost one. Working with his hands most willing From the morn till set of sun; He was born beyond the Mountains Near the Susquehanna's wave, Where no evergreen or headstone Marks his mother's silent grave; He the Delaware and German And the English, too, could read. And a sin-sick soul of sorrow To the Savior's cross could lead. THE CAPTURE 23 III. Unawares the happy couple Drifted in a wide lagoon, Where the dying sunlight glistened Welcome to the half full moon. Then, as oft it is with lovers, Came a silent, thoughtful pause. During which their souls drew nearer. Consonant with Nature's laws. Aimlessly the musing lovers Drifted noiselessly along. Till upon the evening silence Rose glad voices joined in song; For two pairs of Indian lovers In a spacious, light canoe Long had waited for the couple. Then in silence near them drew. They Lourell and Jacob welcomed With this love song, ev'ry part. Sung to mild, sweet, plaintive music. Voiced the thoughts in Jacob's heart. SONG "When the suiisetting glow Shoots its arrows of light 'Mong the boughs of the tall forest trees, And its gleaming is spread O'er the waters all bright, And the wind is a soft, gentle breeze^ Oh, it's then let me hie To the low river's shore, 24 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID With Lourell at my side ever true, The smooth waves to glide o'er, As we've oft done before, While we ride in the birch bark canoe. Sailing in the light canoe. O'er the rippling waters blue. We will rock and ride With the river's tide, — Sailing in the light canoe. "As we glide o'er the waves. Like a bird on the wing, When the cares of the day are all o'er , In her sweet, gentle voice My Lourell, she will sing, And low echoes resound from the shore. Soon the stars, one by one. Through the dome of the skies. Slyly peep on the scene of our love, But the sparkle I see In her brown laughing eyes Charms me more than the stars from above. Sailing in the light canoe O'er the rippling waters blue, We will rock and ride With the river's tide, — Sailing in the light canoe. "When the summer is gone, And the meadows turn gray And the leaves shine like gold in the sun, With Lourell I will go At the close of some day To the church where we shall be made one. Then the river of life, WMth its ebb and its flow. We will sail in our love-bark as true. With a cargo of joy THE CAPTURE 25 As the days come and go, As we sail in our birch bark canoe. Sailing in the light canoe O'er the rippling waters blue, We will rock and ride With the river's tide, — - Sailing in the light canoe." IV. As the last sweet accents faintly Echoed on the dewy breeze, Footsteps broke the evening silence, Hast'ning 'mong the forest trees. As the branches spread above them On the high bank from the town, 'Peared the face of Joe, the hunter, Wearing *twixt a smile and frown. He looked anxious and excited. And each boating party cried: "What is wrong? Why so excited?" Then the hunter, true and tried, Told that Elliott, the captain Of the British Detroit men, Half King, Pipe and many warriors Were at Salem camping then: That, beneath the cross of St. George, They authority possessed To compel removal of the Christians to the far northwest. Paled at once the maidens' faces And each young man's brow knit stern, As with all when glad occasions Suddenly to sadness turn. 26 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID Then a young man in the large boat Was the first tlie spell to break. And the other men and maidens Listened while he calmly spake: "Joe, the faithful hunter," said he, "Is our trusted friend and tried, And I fear the savage warriors With the British have allied And are ready for the war-path 'Gainst the colonies' frontier. The success of such a movement Deem they doubtful with us here Mid-way 'tween Detroit and Fort Pitt. Renegades, I surely know. Have advised that all our people From these villages should go. Just because our doors are open To all men, each renegade Tells the British we are giving Colonists much secret aid. Sad 'twill be, if all this valley. And our homes so long enjoyed. And our churches, orchards, cattle. In the war shall be destroyed." Spake another: "While we're talking Time is lost with nothing done : Let us hie to bear the message Of this danger to the town." Dipped the oars and swift the smaller Of the boats swept toward the land, THE CAPTURE 27 And the agile bound of Jacob Placed him on the river's strand. Then the voice of Joe, the hunter. Calling from the farther shore To be rowed across the waters. Caught their ears. The dripping oar Quickly grasped, Lourell unaided Crossed lagoon and river's wave To the shore where man and rifle Waited for the aid she gave. As the light boat dipped and started With the hunter's force and weight. Brambles parted in two places, And six warriors, tall and straight. Armed and painted for the war-path, In the Shawnee language spake: "Brothers, we harm not your people; Come with us before too late: Gen'ral Washington's defeated; And our father, the great King, Offers peace to you at Detroit. 'Tis his message we now bring." Jacob calmly, sternly, answered: "Chief, I speak in plain Shawnee That you fail not understanding The reply we have for thee. Artful is thy tongue at speaking; Treach'rous are thy heart and hand; Go; we care not for the offer Of the King of Britain's land." 28 LOURELL, TttE INDIAN MAID Wily warriors, somewhat daunted At the plainness of their tongue, Took with sullen looks the answer Of disdain their message wrung. At the conversation's closing A wild Monsey Chieftain's son, Eager for a fame at killing, Raised, and then discharged a gun At the hunter. As the water Near Lourell splashed into spray, Other shots plunged through the boat's side Where her right hand gently lay. Consternation seized the maiden; Anger filled her lover's breast; And the other Indian warriors Loud rebukes at once addressed To the thoughtless, youthful savage, For his rash, impatient deed. Then with silence, stealth, but quickly, In the mesh of waving reed, Disappeared each painted warrior; Then the frightened maid Lourell Bounded from the falt'ring water Eager her escape to telL Young men, maidens, and the hunter Hastened to the village where THE CAPTURE 29 They, arriving, found the people Filled with anxious, fearful care; For the soldiers and the warriors Just outside the village bound Were encamped, and scouts were lurkin;^ In the country all around. V. Mellow, doleful, from the belfry Called the Mission Church's bell. And the congregation gathered. Hoping all might yet be well. Zeisberger, the brave, the pious. Waved for silence his right hand. And the congregation, breathless. Waited his revered command. "Satan, surely," said he slowly, "Works each subtle, wicked plan To destroy God's every effort For the betterment of man. Brethren, fear not, neither tremble: He, who Israel led of old. Still wall care for us. His blessings Follow all. Be brave, be bold; Love thy enemies and bless those That despitefully you treat. Jesus blest his crucifiers. Can we our destroyers meet 30 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID With the knowledge that our Savior Still sits on the mercy seat? God Almighty, bless and keep us, Guide and guard our actions when Men despoil and Satan ruins. Keep us sinless, Lord, Amen." Sadly, soon the congregation Homeward turned for thought and rest, While the campfires of the soldiers Lighted up the dark'ning west. Lingered near the sacred altar Jacob and Lourell awhile To receive from loved Zeisberger Helpful word and loving smile. Zeisberger with the young couple Slowly walked to Lourell's home, Talking sadly of the future And the probable outcome. At the gate the pious preacher Asked a blessing on the twain. Then, the girl safe in her own home, Back toward the church again Walked the men. Their conversation Lasted far into the night, Ere they parted both sad-hearted At the Mission's awful plight. THE CAPTURE ^1 VI. In the early beams of sunlight On the morning of next day, Walking toward the Mission village, Single file, in proud array. Six athletic warrior chieftains And some soldiers of the King Came to meet the Missionaries, And this message to them bring: Half King: "Christian men and women, White or brown, we come to you As your friends and benefactors. All we say to you is true. We beseech you, leave this valley. Ere the Long Knives' thirst for blood Causes murder of your converts. And destroys your work of good. Truthful, fair and fully fertile Are Sandusky River's plains. They are yours. Come, bring your people Where no fear of Whites remains." Zeisberger, with full composure, Was the Christian first to speak: "We are harmless; we are neutral; Blood nor plunder do we seek. Savage, whether White or Indian, Christian, whether white or red. All are welcome to our victuals. All are welcome to a bed, 32 LOURELL. THE INDIAN MAID When affairs of life may call them To our towns by night or day. Go; we thank you for your offer. But 'tis better that we stay." Edwards, faithful Christian worker, Added : "We dwell now in peace With the Colonists and Britons; From your mandate give release. Leave us that we may continue Where success our efforts crowns; Leave us and no treach'rous act shall Come to you from "Mission Towns." Jacob spake in Indian language, (Which I willingly translate) : "Mischief somewhere has been active; Lies and frauds and wrongs of late Have been told and done on purpose To destroy our homes and wealth. Briton, colonist, and savage Are deceived by fraud and stealth Of some w^hite men, worse than Indians, Living each a dual life, Bearing tales 'tween fort and frontier Falsely to prolong the strife. Go; and true as eastern sunrise, True as Tuscarawas' blue. True as is Almighty's promise. Naught from us shall hap to you." THE CAPTURE 33 Further spake he: "Though a young man, One suggestion let me add: Let us all think o'er this question — Weigh the good and weigh the bad. We are heavy now in substance. Look! Our stock and household goods, Corn, three hundred acres rip'ning. And our garnered grain and foods, Are too much to think of moving On the notice of a day. Wait to talk the matter over; Grant a busy, short delay." Half King: "We are here in friendship, And a fortnight will sojourn For an answer to the message. Before starting to return." VIL Brightly burned the tallow candles On a mild September eve In the cheerful home of Shebosh Where his good wife strove to weave Cloth for winter-wearing garments. In the same room sat Lourell With some little Indian children Eager, each, to learn to spell And to read. Their lessons finished. They in hoods and capes homespun, 34 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID With the mothers who were waiting, Bade good night and started home. Children's books and charts were gathered By Lourell to place away. When a light rap on the front door Caused the Indian host to say: "Come; the house of Shebosh always Open will be found to all Seeking sleep, food, or instruction Of the Savior." At the call, Zeisberger and Jacob entered Through the wide, unbolted door. Chairs were ofifered and accepted. A short silence followed; for. Though a message was expected, All reluctant were to hear It announced, lest news unwelcome Be in store for ev'ry ear. Silently the stalwart lover And the preacher, each adored. Waited as for an inquiry. Earnestly Lourell implored That the two speak plain and fully Of the outlook, good or bad. For the future of the Missions, If such knowledge either had, THE CAPTURE 35 Calmly, solemnly, Zeisberger Told how still the warriors felt Toward the Missions and the converts. Then in prayer all present knelt. Worship over, all the children Of the household sought the bed, After which the men and women Talked, while by a swift hour sped. Suddenly, with ling'ring echoes. Rang the savage war-whoop cry. As outstanding barns and houses. Burning, lit the autumn sky. From the rest Lourell and Jacob Hastened, e'er the others thought. By a path across the out-lots To their new home they were brought, Which they entered in the darkness. And in silence held their breath. For the scalp-yell of the Indians Seemed to speak of certain death. To the church came Missionaries, Helpers, Christians, full a score, Seeking cause for so much arson And such savage, wild uproar. From the Shebosh home Zeisberger Hastened, followed by the host, Only to behold for certain That the Missions' hopes were lost. Loud above the savage clamor Rang a Briton's clear command: "Capture ev'ry Missionary, And secure them, foot and hand." 36 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAl£) Down the street in broken order Hurried British soldiers ten. Closely followed by some warriors. Bent on tearing scalps from men Ere a public trial be given. And without resisting move Chains were placed upon Zeisberger While he uttered prayers of love. Then the soldiers, under orders, Heckewelder, Edwards, bound Hand and foot, and left all lying Helplessly upon the ground, Guarded by a score of warriors. When the soldiers passed from sight, Savage thirst for blood and torture Overcame all thoughts of right; And the helpless, bounden pris'ners Each in turn the object was Of the insults, threats and torments Common to the savage laws; And from off each bruised and bleeding Body all the clothes were torn. By the greedy captors that they Might express their deepest scorn. THE CAPTURE 37 Torches made of clustered fagots Soon were lighted, and the mob Started with the unresisting Captives, pious men of God, VIII. By a route both safe and secret Jacob and Lourell then hied To the British camp at Salem, Ere the captives might be tried. In the thickly clustered bushes By the river's eastern side Jacob knew a boat was hidden, Which the river's waves would ride With his weight and Lourell's also. Soon the noiseless, little craft Was upon the darkened river With the village far to aft. Noiselessly with speed and caution, 'Twixt the overhanging boughs. Rowed the lovers, while in whispers They renewed the lovers' vows. When the long four intervening Miles of river were passed o'er With the same good care and caution Jacob brought the craft ashore. To the Salem Mission village Hastened Jacob and Lourell, 38 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID Where were found some Indian converts And some teachers, guarded well By a squad of British soldiers. Though no violence was done, All were kept within the village Under picket, sword and gun. Ere an hour, the bounden preachers Filed into the Salem camp. Shivering and sick and hungry, For the air was cold and damp. But the British Captain feeling Some remorse, an order gave That sufficient clothes be furnished To the captives, so to save Them such vile humiliation. On the morrow, guarded o'er. Into Salem other Missions' Congregations both did pour. IX. Days wore by and, though no converts' Hands were tied or limbs were bound, Still the pious, captive preachers To stakes driven in the ground Were kept tied. The savage customs. Bites, and laws in camp were kept; And the chanted scalp-song often Fell on ears that fain had slept. THE CAPTURE 39 X. On the fifth day from the capture Elliott to the preachers came Saying: "On your earnest promise, Made by each in God's own name, That your converts will not longer Thwart our orders, the King's will, I will now bestow upon you Freedom for some days, until You and all your Indian converts Pack your goods and ready be For removal from this valley To the plains of Sandusky." Each one promised: "We are willing; And at once we will prepare For the change; we're fully trusting That God's blessing meet us there." When the converts heard that final Was the British Chief's command Much they murmured at the leaving Of their homes and fruitful land. After prayers and exhortations And new pledges made the Lord, Acquiesced the congregations With no further act or word Done or spoken 'gainst removal. In each mind this thought alone Urged decision : "Soon they'll free us. And in peace we'll come back home." 40 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID On the ninth day of September Christians of the Missions three Gathered in the church at Salem; And, on reverent, bended knee, Each implored the God of Heaven Strength and guidance to bestow. Then the Reverend Heckewelder In a sad, sweet voice, but low, Preached a farewell, touching sermon On the love of God to man. Though encompassed round by soldiers, Still so well the discourse ran That in face of such disaster One poor soul who wore red skin Was baptized, received communion. Praised the Christ and turned from sin. XL Two days more, and at the sunrise All were ready, and the start Of the long, unhappy journey Was begun. A tithing part Of provisions and belongings On pack-horses, in canoes. Was attempted to be taken; And in homemade, leathern shoes Male and female, young and aged, Into forests wild, untrod. Marched, a band of Christian exiles, Singing praises unto God. THE CAPTURE 41 Down the wide Muskingum River Aided by the current blue, Brawny men, the laden flat-boats. Hour by hour, the waters through Urged with vim, and under guidance Giv'n by Jacob, loud and bold, Till they reached the town Coshocton, Savage Delawares* stronghold. Here the boats were moored; and landed Sick, infirm, and nursing babe. While upon the leaking vessels. Men, repairs much needed, made. Then upon Walhonding*s waters, 'Gainst the tide and each wave-crest, Moved the fleet and band in sadness. Toward the barren, bleak Northwest. Sultry day, and dewy night, winds Of autumnal equinox Lasted 'till the weary trav'lers Passed the White Eyes Town and Rocks. Then the winds blew strong and stronger 'Till it seemed a surging gale In the trees and forest caverns Sang a requiem. Rain and hail, Thrown from angry clouds low hanging By the thunder's battle pow'r. Fell in torrents on the homeless; Darkness fell ere sunset hour. Blue, quick darts and zigzag flashes Of the lightnings through the sky, 42 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAIt) Threat'ning death, caused men to shudder. Women murmur, children cry. 'Neath a ledge of rock o'erhanging. Those on shore a camp had made. Ere the hast'ning, murky twilight Was replaced by night's deep shade. Craftsmen moored the boats with long lines To strong trees on either side Of the river, thus designing That the boats the floods might ride. Jacob and the other young men Large dry rolls of blankets brought For the beds. The weary children Soon in dreams their fears forgot; Mothers lulled their fretful babies; And the camp soon soundly slept, While around them fearless young men Through the night their vigils kept. Still the rain came down in torrents; Still the lightning cleft the sky; Still the winds among the forests Echoed thunders from on high. By the light the burning fagots Made about the wildwood there Jacob chopped and gathered firewood, — For the morrow did prepare. Constantly while he was working Was Lourell the first in mind; For somewhere was she then camping In the same storm, rain and wind. THE; CAPTURE 43 Just across the rugged hilltop. Less than half a mile away, Were encamped the other pilgrims. Pack-horses around them lay. And around those stood some soldiers. Picketed with British skill. Farther out the Indian watchmen Scouted 'round the camp at will. On the morrow 'twas decided That a day and night's delay Be enjoyed by all the exiles — The first rest upon the way To the Northwest. Ere the evening. Messengers came to the camp And told how^ the pack-horse comp'ny Had progressed. Through forest damp, With the messengers returning, Jacob found his loved Lourell; And they spent two hours together While he earnestly did tell Her of all his plans for future Actions at the "Captives' Town" Of themselves and other Christians, Whether white or whether brown. Tlie next day, the storm abating. Both the camps were joined as one. And, thenceforth to Plains Sandusky, Heartsick, marched they sadly on. 44 LOURfeLL, THE INDIAN MA16 XII. Thence were hurried Missionaries To Detroit for trial, but they At a hearing were acquitted; And, at dawn the fol'wing day, Back they started through the wintry Storms to reach the exiled flock; Where was found a faith and suff'ring Like to that at Plymouth Rock. During all the dreary winter Jacob labored, faithful, well, To relieve from hunger's passion With his rifle; and Lourell Passed among the mothers gently At the Missionaries' call, Telling how the Beth'lem Savior Lived and suffered, died for all. Early came the springtime breezes, Melting snow from trace and trail. Bringing to these starving Christians' Minds that Tuscarawas' vale Held its acres, still ungarnered. Of the food-producing corn. At a meeting 'twas arranged that. On the coming second morn, One and half a hundred people To the valley should return; THE CAPTURE 45 Gather food; and with pack-horses Make a speedy, safe return. Jacob and Lourell were chosen To accompany that band Back to Tuscaraw^as' valley. Back to their beloved land. ^ L M\' WH 9 MONUMENT AT GNADENHUTTEN, OHIO It marks the spot of the massacre of ninety-six Christian Indians, March, 1782. PART THE SECOND THE MASSACRE THE MASSACRE 49 I. Out on the far western frontier Where civilization then pressed 'Gainst the dark, unbroken forest In hope of acquiring the West; Out near the colony's limits, Established and founded by Penn As an asylum forever For God-loving women and men; There in the autumn and winter That followed the foul banishment, Angered, provoked, and disheartened, The settlers their feelings gave vent; Planning the annihilation Of all of the "Middleway Towns," Hoping such act would secure them From murder, impris'nment,and wounds. Dreary and lonely and slowly The long winter days wore away In the rude forts where the women And children were all forced to stay. II. Joseph Vance, stern but kind-hearted. One eve at a mass meeting's close, Which had been held in his cabin, Spake: "Brethren and sisters, the woes 50 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID Suffered a year now and over Demand our attention again. Springtime is coming upon us, Shall we once again plant in vain?" Rising the pale-faced young preacher, In touching and tender tones, told How he had dreamed while last sleeping A tribe his fiancee did hold Pris'ner in lone, smoky wigwam; Told how he beheld her sad eyes. Heard her prayers asking deliv'rance. And heard her most pitiful cries; How, in the dream, she was hopeful And held to her faith in her God. "Hush!" said a man by the window, And gave one significant nod. Moments passed by while the speechless. Sad-countenanced listeners stood Waiting in breathless excitement. Then out 'mong the stumps near the wood Broke into view in the clearing A band of some twenty-five men, Who hurried down o'er the hillside, Then turned toward the cabin again. Soon, with a wave of his right hand. The watcher relieved the dread still, Saying, "A number of white men Are hastening up the small hill." On they came, not even heeding The faithful dogs' howling and roar THE MASSACRE 51 At the intrusion. Then halting, One knocked at the cabin's low door. Not was the latchstring protruded, But with a strong, muscular hand Vance raised the latch, the door opened, And thus did he speak to the band: "Whence and wherefore at this late hour Come you to mj^ cabin to-night?" Answered the foremost : "To tell you Of our neighbor's Indian fight. One and a half miles to nortlnvard Of Briceland's Crossroads near the wood. Lonely and all unprotected, His snug little cabin home stood. He on a trip to old Fort Pitt Was gone for a night and two days, During which came savage warriors And set to his house a fierce blaze. Wife and three children in terror The burning home all quickly fled Into the arms of the outlaws, And were to captivity led. When he returned there were traces Of struggles where children and wife Combatted vainly 'gainst capture, And fiercely for freedom and life. All of his goods have been plundered, All his live-stock has been killed, All of his family taken — With vengeance his bosom is filled." 52 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID Loud from the men, who had thus far Stood silent, dire murmurs arose, Mob-like supporting each method Suggested to deal with such foes. Out from the cabin excited Came w^omen and children in dread, Eager to learn all the details And catch ev'ry word that was said. They, in the rudest of quarters. The winter had spent in the fort; Of such a springtime intrusion. They trembled to hear the report. Seeing the fear of the women, The full helplessness of each child. Men who had wives or had children As pris'ners detained b}^ the wild, Savage tribes west of the river, Grew frenzied and held not their ire. Unobserved some thoughtful young men Had set a large log heap afire. Close in the light of the new flames. Near Washington Township's stockade, Gathered the whole congregation. And many strong speeches were made. Urging a telling chastisement Be given each Indian clan. Motion was made and was carried By vote of each woman and man. THE MASSACRE S3 On the next day, which was Sunday, They met at the cabin again, Praying all day without ceasing, The effort would not be in vain. III. Daylight was pushing the night-shades From out the cloud banks of the fog Hanging above the Ohio, When near to the wide Mingo bog Could have been seen a small number Of men, as the gray morning broke, List'ning with eager attention To words David Williamson spoke. Coming toward Mingo Bottoms, On horseback or straggling afoot, Singly, in squads, or in couples, And armed both to murder and loot. Men to an uncertain number, A hundred, perhaps sixty more, Gathered at will in disorder. Upon the Ohio's east shore. Crossing the river, they halted And waited till all were convened. Order was partly established, And Williamson, honored, esteemed For his past brave deeds of valor. And who was a colonel in rank. Was by the men chosen leader, Ere leaving the river's west bank. 54 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID Tuesday, the fifth of the third month, One tliousand sev'n hundred eight'-two, Straggling in haste and confusion, From civilization they drew, And took the trail, the Moravian, O'er hilltop, through swamp and through glen. To rob, to scalp and to murder All children, all women and men. Who, by the province of nature. Wore skin tinged, through unreckoned time. Red, from the smoke in the wigwam And life in the wild western clime. Many were boys, not yet twenty, Whose minds on adventure were bent; Many were men of matured years; And freely their aid some scouts lent; Also the pious young preacher When camped with the band on each night Talked of some Biblical warfare And prayed for direction aright. Ere the March sun had quite faded On Wednesday, Big Stillwater's wave Bore up the rafts of the footmen And sides of the horses did lave. THE MASSACRE 55 Less than a mile farther westward They went into camp for the night, Waiting reports of the few scouts And waiting the coming of light. Supper was over when scout men Returning, deceitfully said: "From our long day's busy searching We think that the Christians have fled, And quite a band of the savage Are busily gathering corn In the large fields o'er the river. We think that at dawn of the morn Men should be sent to surround them, Secure their few arms through a ruse, Capture them all ere the nightfall, And kill all of them that refuse Quiet and peaceful surrender." When Williamson heard the report He called a vote. A few speeches Were made, but were pointed and short. Spake in tones solemn and tender The preacher, the young gospel man, Asking that mercy and kindness Be shown to each peaceable clan. Urged he again with true ardor. That women and children be spared; Also the men who were Christians. He talked full as strong as he dared; For there were none who believed the Reports of the scouts were untrue. While he exhorted, men singly To tents or to blankets withdrew 56 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID For the night's sleep. Dying embers Their fitful, uncertain lights shed Soon over men who were sleeping As sound as though each were abed. IV. True to their long-practiced custom, The civil, red Christians awoke And were prepared for their labors The moment the new morning broke. Five days last past had the Christians Worked faithfully gathering food; And they had planned on next morning To start on the trail through the wood, Back to the plains of Sandusky With many sacks filled with the grain; Back to their friends who were starving. And back to the desolate Plain. During those five days of labor. Each evening the chapel bells rang, Calling the three congregations To worship. They prayed and they sang — Sang as they did the last summer — And worshiped the Lord without fear. Often the leaders exhorted And all were in happiest cheer. Of the small children in daytime Lourell and her helpers had care. Jacob had acted as captain To whom, without dignified air, All of the laborers reported, From each town at setting of sun, tHE MASSACRE 57 How many sacks had been gathered, And how all the work had been done. Joe and two other sly hunters Each day from the neighboring wood Fm-nished abundance of wild game, So there was no wanting of food. Thus, on each day they were working. Care-free and removed from all fears. Could have been heard their glad voices Commingled with husking of ears. Fully an hour before breakfast Was eaten by Williamson's men Jacob and the other helpers Had planned a day's labor again. Three of the most stalwart young men To go to Schoenbrunn were detailed, Help and assistance to offer In work that the few there had failed Of a completion. And Jacob To join those at Salem made haste That the last day's preparation Be done. There was no time to waste; Yet, ere he left, at Lourell's house He tarried while swift moments flew; Vcws were renewed, and he kissed her. And bade her a lover's adieu. As they both thought, till tfie evening. To meet her at twilight again : Deeds of the day that was breaking Made hopes of that meeting in vain. 58 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAlf) While the young men by the river Made haste for Schoenbrunn to depart. They three young women invited To join them; for Cupid's swift dart Often had sped in direction Of hearts fully fertile for love. In those young men and pure maidens — • Those maidens, each meek as a dove. So 'twas arranged, and the young men Found each of the maidens a seat In the large boat on the river. And then did a young woman greet Them with the hope that the journey And day be o'er spread with blue skies. Looking to landward the party Beheld Lourell's brown laughing eyes, There 'neath the boughs of a maple, As she, in the gray morning's dawn, Walked on the bank of the river, As graceful as ere did the fawn. As of one voice the whole party Insisted, till laughing Lourell Boarded the craft and was seated. In order the oars rose and fell. As the young men and the maidens And boat glided forth on their way, Over the blue Tuscarawas As noiseless as broke the new day. More than an hour spent in rowing Those young people that early morn. Ere they were landed at Schoenbrunn To help in the gath'ring of corn. THE MASSACRE 59 V. Meanwhile the three wily hunters Out eastward had hastened alert, Anxious to kill e'en the young fawn Yet not an old bruin to hurt. Though they were true western hunters And prided in title as such, Unless the aim was one certain. The trigger would none of them touch. F.ach in a chosen direction Moved, careful, in quest of wild game. Joe, just by chance to a quiet. Sequestered and lonely spot came. Resting, his mind flashed in mem'ries To her whom he loved years agone Back at the New England homestead. Where often they wandered alone, Talking of love to each other, While only the moon saw and heard. Back to his eyes came her features. And back to his ears came each word Spoken by her whom he cherished. When youthful hopes, thrilling his breast, Caused him to think that a fortune A.nd home could be found in the West. Out of his hunting coat's pocket, A pocket not often disturbed. Took he a New England paper, From which, though the printing was blurred, 60 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MA16 Still he could read of a wedding. That marked a sad date in his life. Wherein his New England sweetheart Became a Bostonian's wife. Turning by chance the old paper, He saw on the back of it, then For the first time, and he read this, A poem from nobody's pen : POEM. "Half way down a rocky ledge, On a shelf of stone, Hanging o'er the water's edge, Had a wild flow'r grown. "On the summit of the cliff Stood a tourist true; Near a shelving shore his skiff Played on waters blue. "Rare the wild flow'rs in his hand; Yet, unpleased, his eye O'er the precipice still scanned Twixt the sea and sky. "Still he peered; and then he saw There a flower, lone, Clinging to an earthy flaw In the rugged stone. "At his feet he treasures threw; All his pow'rs of mind Set to work to frame anew Plans that flow'r to find. THE MASSACRE 61 "Down the barren, dang'rous ledge Climbed he carefully Till he reached the earth shelf's edge; Gently, tenderly, "Plucked the treasure rare; and then Fondly kissed its face. All forgot his dangers, when Slipped his foothold brace. '■'Treasured flow'r and man as one Dashed to death below; And 'tis thought today by some Fate had willed it so." To himself talking the hunter In audible tones spake, but low: "Strange it is that I have carried This paper where'er I might go, Reading in lodge or in wigwam Or mission, by night and by day, Often this wedding announcement, Yet never this beautiful lay Noticed." In silence he sat there. His thoughts by the New England shore, Where he had learned that a grave-stone The name of the lost one then bore. VI. Was that a crying or pleading Voice wafted upon the still air From the cornfields by the river? Joe, listening, noted despair 62 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID In the wild tones of the speaker. At once, Joe's deep reverie broke; Grasped he the flint-lock beside him; At hearing each dull, dead'ning stroke As of the butt of a musket Upon a defenseless man's head. Into the cornfield the hunter Made haste and found Glikkikan dead — Dead, with the warm blood still oozing From wounds whence the scalp had been torn By the white men fast retreating And hiding themselves in the corn. Turning the warm, lifeless body, The hunter felt for the heart beat. This was in vain. His eyes rising Did those of a white stranger meet. Choking with sorrow the preacher In faltering accents then told That a large army was present The Indians all to enfold Captives, and hold as war pris'ners And keep them by martial law force. Listened the hunter in silence While viewing his friend's mangled corse. As the sunbeams of a morning Expel from each crevice and nook Shades of the night, so the statements The preacher made, and his sad look, Brought to the mind of the hunter A sense of the sorrowful fate THE MASSACRE 63 Planned for the sojourning converts: He heard all, but learned it too late. VII. From the dead man and young preacher The hunter a hasty retreat To his two hunter companions, Through cornfield and o'er heather, beat. Bringing together his comrades, Joe told of the murder just done, While the two other men listened In silence. Then speaking, each one Urged that alarm should be given The three bands out gathering grain. Christians at towns, Gnadenhutten And Salem, the late informed twain Volunteered warning of danger To carry in detail with speed. Likewise the workers at Schoenbrunn To w^arn, Joe, the hunter, agreed. Fleet as a deer Joe, the hunter, To those near the "Beautiful Spring" Hastened the bad news to carry. As frightened birds take to the wing. So from the cornfields at Schoenbrunn The Christians alarmed did depart. Favored by Lourell's bright presence. Though sad was the maiden at heart. On through the day pressed they westward, With pack-horses laden with grain; On from the murder by white men; And on toward Sanduskan Plain. 6i LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID VIII. Meanwhile the other two hunters Had tried, but had failed to alarm Friends at the other two Missions, Who, feeling themselves free from harm Coming from hands of the white men, Gave ear to the peace and the joy Said to be waiting at Fort Pitt. Allurements to aid the decoy Williamson's men used so deftly That willingly each peaceful man Gave up his arms and surrendered. And plans for removal began. Williamson's men with true ardor. The wicked plot further to plan, Spake, in words sounding of friendship, That, back where the Ohio ran. Christian friends lovingly waited To give the "Brown Brethren" a home Under old Fort Pitt's protection Where Briton nor Warrior dared roam. Thus by the white men were gathered The bands of the two Mission towns Near to the one, Gnadenhutten, Where, mingled with smiles and with frowns. Spake to the captives, the captors: "The guise of our friendship and love THE MASSACRE 65 Now we must lift, and inform you Your lives are the aim of this move. Pris'ners of war we now hold you, And death, without hope of reprieve, — Death to you all is the sentence; This only our aim will achieve. Spies, lurking here for the English, Are you in the gUise of a faith Teaching of life everlasting, Prepare you, at once, to meet death!" As, when the guests are assembled In parlors with colors adorned, Mingled with roses and lilies And blossoms of orange dethorned, And to the marital altar The pastor steps, sacred of stride, Joyously anticipating Approach of the bridegroom and bride; Shrieks of the bridemaids, excited, Are heard in the chambers above, Causing some neighborly matrons With noiseless steps, hast'ly to move; Speechless, pale, dazed and in wonder Stand pastor, guests, parents and all: So stood the converts at hearing The fate that to them was to fall. 66 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID Agnes, a maiden of culture From college years spent in the East, Spake to the captors in English From Williamson down to the least Youthful adventu'er among them. On bended knees, pleading the cause Not of herself, but the others. She quoted from Biblical laws. All of her efforts were fruitless; For Williamson, answering, spoke, "Death to you all was decided In camp by a yea and nay vote." Jacob then spake to the Colonel: "All arms you have captured and hold Bound are our men, while the women And children 3^our pickets enfold: Grant us, as submissive captives. Delay of the sentence till morn. That we for wrongs make atonement And none die in sin and forlorn." Bravely the hopeful, sad preacher To Williamson's side nobly came, Earnestly urging the respite Be granted in God's holy name. Though from the captors loud murmurs And fierce imprecations arose, Williamson granted the respite. Then went to his tent to repose. THE MASSACRE 67 IX. Throughout the night the young preacher Exhorted and told of the faitli He had in life everlasting, Awaiting the spirit at death. Jacob, his hands tied behind him. Assisted in each Christian move Made by the preacher preparing The Indian souls for above. Sobbings and prayers of contrition, ' As passed the fleet hours of the night, Were by brave anthems of praises Succeeded ere coming of light. From their high places in heaven. It seemed that the stars on that night Kept their lone vigils in silence, And wept when the first beams of light Shot through the boughs of the forest And melted the frost from each spray, Ere the dark deed was enacted The morn of that early spring day. At the sunrise boldly questioned A guard, "Are you ready to die?" "We are prepared now for Heaven!" The captives made solemn reply. 68 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID "How nicely this tool will answer Our purpose," a strong captor said. Grasping a cooper's large mallet. And raining upon each bare head Blows of an uncertain number Till more than a dozen were dead. Then spake that murderous demon, Today without historic name, "I have done well; my arm fails me; With this mallet do ye the same Till they are all beyond watching." He handed the blood-dripping tool To other willing hands waiting To finish the murder in cool Determination and anger. Thus women and children met death. Kneeling together and praying To God with the last fleeting breath. From the low heads of the victims The white captors, thirsting for gore And for the barbarous trophies, The scalps in true savage style tore. Next to the men in a coop'rage The band made its murderous way, Crazed and inflamed in their efl'orts Each Indian Christian to slay. THE MASSACRE 69 True there were captors, whose bosoms Still harbored a sympathy, there. Moved by the anthems of praises And touched by the presence of prayer. They, from their murderous comrades Before the foul deeds had begun, Wandered away to the river. Though each of them carried a gun. So, when a cousin to Jacob, A young Christian, Henry by name. Fleeing by chance from the slaughter And hoping his freedom to gain, Swam 'cross the wide Tuscarawas And clambered upon the west bank, Down to his death from a bullet By one of them shot, there he sank. On the floor, blood-stained and grimy, 'Mid shades of the cooperage stock, Jacob had knelt and was praying When, through his whole being, a shock Rendered him limp and unconscious: The strength of the arm was near spent, So that the blow was not fatal. His scalp, the last one that was rent, Made for the victors one hundred. The victims once scalped, came a pause. After the lull, bleeding trophies Became 'mong the victors a cause 70 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID First of much parley, then anger. Then bitter words followed by fight. So that division of scalp-locks Was not made till falling of night. As darkness fell in the valley, The cowardly conscience-doomed men Trembled to think of their actions. It seemed that each echoing glen Sang back the anthems of triumph, The death prayer, the stifled farewell; So that a longer remaining Was much like a saint's dream of hell. "Haste!" was the last order given By Williamson, which was obeyed Eagerly, for the return had Unpleasantly been too delayed. Pack-horses, laden with plunder And tied to each other in file. Wailed the start of the leader, And nervously pawed the earth, while Men hastened hither and thither. Preparing at once to return. When 'twas suggested by some one The buildings and corpses should burn. When a deep darkness had fallen, The buildings where dead women lay, Burning at hands of the white men. Turned darkness of night into day. THE MASSACRE 71 XL Back from unconsciousness Jacob At intervals rallied, till he Partly recovered his senses, And planned on a way to get free. Knew he a trap-door was near by. So, noiselessly, there did he crawl. This did he, though two strong white men Were guarding the dead in the hall. Weak though he was, to the cellar He lowered his body to find Two Indian young men companions. Though one from a blow was stone-blind. Bloody from wounds and from drippings That came through the cracks in the floor. Planned the three men a departure In haste from a scene of such gore. Out through a small, secret op'ning Known only to Jacob they sped, — He and the blinded companion; The other, a corpulent lad, Wedged in the dark, narrow window. And died in the flames that consumed, In a sliort time, both the buildings And earthly remains of the doomed. 72 LOURELL, THE .INDIAN MAID XII. Still were the flames leaping upward When "Homeward march! Ho, Home- ward all!" Rang a command from some coward, But ev'ryone answered the call. Into the deep, hanging darkness. Frontier-man, militia-man, scout, Plunged toward their homes on the frontier. With discipline like to a rout. Thus, ere the hour of the midnight. The buildings in ashes were laid; And, though the sun beamed at morning, The fogs and the deep forest shade. Aided by prejudice local, A veil o'er the bloody deed flung. Leaving the glories of scalping And names of the scalpers unsung. JVift'". 3.«B,v % IN ^ AMOWAS - •^^EiifiVTMc 1N0IANJ N^H'SVALLCY. t.NE 11.1782. ky.icrio AOC, :i,i877, ,;: In Crawford Township, Wyandot County, near Upper Sandusky, Ohio PART THE THIRD THE EXILE THE EXILE 75 I. Of sundry monuments that stand Upon Ohio's breast, Commemorating deeds and lives Of men, there's one, not least Among them all, upon the bank Of stream Big Tymochtee, Near where a brave man gave his all In cause of Liberty. 'Tis Colonel William Crawford's life And tragic death that give That monument an honored place, And make his mem'ry live. II. Down in the Old Dominion State, The year that Nature gave The baby Washington to life, A country's cause to save. This William Crawford took a name And learned to nurse the breast Of brave a mother as e'er bore A hero for the West. When seventeen, George Washington For wealthy Lord Fairfax To north Virginia's border went Extensive landed tracts To locate, measure and survey. While thus engaged he met Young Crawford, and the friendship formed. 76 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID The Nation fully yet Has failed to recognize as one Of many goodly pow'rs That wrought, in changing early days. To free this land of ours. In frontier warfare Crawford learned To conquer, to subdue, To make each savage chieftain glad His cause in peace to sue. As French and Indian Wars prolonged Till Fort Duquesne must fall. Or British and Colonial cause Would fail, the Country's call For volunteers he answered with A company of men From north Virginia's humble homes, — Brave men from hill and glen. In years of peace, by Braddock's Road, Crawford and winsome wife Their children reared, and entertained From highest walks of life Their guests. Our Country's liberty From Britain to obtain. The old sword hanging on the wall Brave Crawford grasped again. In fogs o'erhanging Long Island, In Washington's retreat. In boats that crossed the Delaware, In Princetown's frozen street, THE EXILE 77 In camps around *'01d Quaker Town," In fight at Brandy wine, He and his soldiers did their part In bloody battle line. Then Congress asked of Washington That Colonel Crawford, brave. Be sent to western duties where He might the frontier save. At Fort Pitt stationed, Crawford then Against Fort Detroit planned. And by the Tuscarawas built Fort Laurens to command The bold Ohio Indians. He well and truly knew That Detroit and Sandusky towns Were each a rendezvous Where British cunning held a sway O'er savage, simple life. And *gainst the Colonists maintained A telling, bloody strife. But while the frontier seemed to war Against the hand of fate, The light of Freedom in the east In brilliancy did break. Cornwallis with an army proud In fields around Yorktown Surrendered to the Stars and Stripes A sword of Britain's own. 78 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID Then at his Youghiogeny home From soldier life retired, Plis tales of warfare Crawford told And youthful hearts oft fired. III. Throughout the winter, in their homes Along the wild frontier The lonely parents boldly sang And 'round their hearths made cheer; But as the spring came back again, And flow'rs began to bloom, The hardy settlers all desired The Red Man meet his doom. In hope to quell their children's fears, They told of vict'ry won. As shown by scalps brought home to dry By men with Williamson. They talked of war; they sang of war; For war's success they prayed; Till naught but warlike discipline An expedition stayed. IV. At Mingo Bottoms once again. As chosen rendezvous, Nearly five hundred soldiers met With nerve and heart to do. This band was not a heedless gang; 'Twas soldiers volunteered, Whose names upon the muster roll At old Fort Pitt appeared. THE EXILE 79 Yet, with the men the right remained A leader to select To guide the expedition west, Its movements to direct. An early May day's morning sun Shone on the soldiers while They answered roll, and cast their votes In democratic style. Election over, speedy clerks The ballots counted, and Announced that William Crawford had Been chosen to command. To Crawford's Youghiogeny home A messenger with speed Was sent, horseback, result to tell. And speak the urgent need Of his foregoing joys of peace To lead the army out To conquer all the savage tribes, And put their pow'rs to rout. The Colonel heard the message; then Around the fam'ly board Those near and dear to him were called To hear the soldier's word: "My nephews and my son-in-law. Together with my son. Have volunteered and joined the force; I cannot leave forlorn The work that will a blessing be To living and unborn. 80 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID The notary with massive seal, Ink horn and goose quill pen The next day wrote the testament And will of Crawford. Then He kissed his children's children and His children and his wife, /Vnd, buckling on the sword again, He left to join the strife Against the Northwest enemy. V. Late May day's morn broke full, As forth from Mingo Bottoms moved The army toward the dull And seeming endless forests green. Which, swaying, seemed to sing Of war's cessation and the joys That peace alone could bring. By Crawford Colonel Williamson Rode, second in command, While Doctor Knight, with medicine And instruments at hand, Was army surgeon. Trusted men Who knew the forest ways The army guided westward, till It had marched four full days. Then by the Tuscarawas' stream The army went in camp; In vacant houses at Schoenbrunn They slept. The chilly damp THE EXILE 81 Of foggy air, and forest sounds . Of weird and varied kinds, Brought hideous dreams and visions to The sleeping soldiers' minds. At length the camp woke as one man: In all the darkness 'round Reverberated far and wide A wild, prophetic sound Of death, disaster and disgrace. And long before the dawn Each soldier to his saddle sprang And from the camp was gone. For, careful though the army moved, The Indian runners knew The army's strength in horse and man; And, though their numbers few. Had hoped, by wild, nocturnal yells Around the camp Schoenbrunn, To scare the pale-faced army so 'Twould homeward make return. Then fleet of foot and quick of thought, By straight and secret track, Those runners to the British camp Their knowledge carried back; And warned each Briton and the hosts Of savage warriors, too. Along the river, Sandusky; 1 And, in a friendship true. 82 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID At "Captives' Town" a messenger To Zeisberger did tell: "Another army from the East, With purposes most fell, Is marching toward these humble homes To rob and kill as well." Within the hut a wasted form Of Indian young manhood, •^tih scalpless head and glassy eye, At once defiant stood. The wound upon his manly head Externally had healed; But on his brain a blood-clot lay. So, when he walked he reeled. And when he talked, those listening Could note from what he said That from the noble Jacob had His former reason fled. Two months before, with one lone friend From Gnadenhutten town. The scalped and wasted Jacob came To lay his body down Upon a bed of sickness. Though Now bodily improved. His reason had not been restored, His mind incessant roved. Through lonely days and dreary nights Beside his sick bed stayed The pious Missionary or Lourell, the Indian maid. THE EXILE 83 The messenger, his task performed, A low obeisance made And left the hut; when Zeisberger Turned to the weeping maid And spake some helpful, hopeful words. She list'ning, raised her head. And neither Jacob's form could see; Unnoticed he had fled. VI. As May days passed and June days came The warriors near and far Around Sandusky towns encamped. In arms and paint of war. The Delawares with Captain Pipe And noted Wingenund And Simon Girty as an aid Were jRrst upon the ground; And Wyandottes in numbers came; Their chieftain, Zhaus-sho-toh, Received from Captain Elliott Instructions where to go. White soldiers from Old Fort Detroit, Of comp'nies three or four. And Shawnees and Lake Indians Into the camp did pour; But Captain William Caldwell, with Directions from the Crown, Commanded all the army, and Removed from "Captives' Town" 84 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID The Christian Indians westward, ere The Crawford army came To wage the fight destined to give To history its name. VII. Meanwhile the Crawford army moved, Till by Sandusky's stream The silent sentry walked his beat And bivouac fires did gleam Throughout the night of June the third. As morning broke anew Nearly five hundred mounted men Pressed westward through the dew. At noon the "Captives' Town" was reached. But not a human form Was seen; all had moved westward to Avoid the gath'ring storm. Spurred on by this the army cheered And forward marched with vim, The fleeing enemy to catch And one more vict'ry win. On by the town deserted moved The army toward the west. While hope of certain victory Swelled in each soldier's breast. Alas! How oft an omen bears Two meanings, and we take The better one to lose our all, And then see the mistake. THE EXILE 85 The June-day sun short shadows cast From each, brave, mounted man, When scouts, returning, told unto The army's eager van That just beyond a wooded grove. In numbers yet unknown, The enemy was hiding in The grass that there had grown. Unto the ears of Crawford brave, Tlie news was welcome, sweet : He'd gain the elevated grove. And there the foe would meet. He ordered that each man dismount And form in battle line, And occupy the vantage ground; But, by a secret sign From a lone Indian in a tree. The other army knew What Crawford did; and warriors bold Toward the grove then drew. Fierce was the fight— for brave men fought — Throughout that afternoon. Till evening's twilight caused a pause. The early rising moon Revealed the skulking, savage men And British soldiers red. Retreating westward, carrying Their wounded and their dead. 86 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID VIII. The hours passed by, and silence seemed In both the camps to reign. But just a few miles westward lay Unsheltered on the plain, The Christian children, women, men And Missionaries, all Forced from their humble "Captives' Town" In fear that might befall To them the fate their kinsfolk met By Tuscarawas' stream; When scalp-knives, by the white men used, With Christian blood did gleam. Late was the hour ere Lourell slept To dream that by the side Of Jacob hopefully she stood A happy, joyous bride; Made so by God and church and deed, Before a friendly crowd. Who, in the dream, good wishes voiced. And hopes for joy avowed. She dreamed and slept and did not know That in the savage camp By her own lover Jacob, dazed And scalped, through dewy damp. From lodge to lodge, from tent to tent, Throughout the calm June night, THE EXILE 87 Were carried to each company Directions for the fight. An hour before the breaking dawn Rose o'er the eastern plain The British and the savage, too, Eager the fight to gain. Partook of soldiers' fare and stood All ready for the fight That soon began and lasted till The falling of the night. That night was not a night of rest In either army's camp. For early Crawford's scouts could hear The almost silent tramp Of reinforcements, numberless; A counsel then of war Did Crawford hold, deciding that Retreat was better far Than battle w^hen outnumbered so; And, in the shades of night, His army started homeward in A swift but cautious flight. IX. With actions like an insane man, The scalpless Jacob drew Around him savage chieftains and Of British captains few. And spake: "The murd'ring Colonists, In arms upon our soil. 88 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAIt) Are one to five compared with ours. To murder and despoil All Indians and property Has brought this army forth; They seek to kill in battle pitched The Indians of the North. From where Atlantic's ceaseless tide Beats crag and rock and sand, From north to south, to westward here, Was once our fathers' land. The Paleface reads of God in books. And thereby learns to roam; The Red Man sees his Manitou In nature 'round his home. When first the Paleface reached our shore. Our fathers welcome gave. But now no warrior dares return To see his father's grave. Our Manitou of War still lives, Behold him in the trees ! He sees us through the sun and moon; He whispers in the breeze. Through rum and broken treaties we Have parted with our land; To drive the white man in the sea Is Manitou's command. The pale-faced soldiers cowards are; They steal away at night; Lead on our braves to battle now. For Manitou and Right." THiB exile; 8^ The speaker fell exhausted then, And by the pale starlight 'Twas seen the Crawford soldiers had Begun a careful flight From battlefield toward their homes. With Indian arrow, knife, With Briton*s gun, the fight renewed. When ended was the strife The army of the Colonies Was routed in defeat, With soldiers scalped, with officers The prisoners' fate to meet At savage hands of favored tribes. Each warrior's heart beat high When it was learned that Crawford had Been captured, and must die In manner fitting to atone For wrongs and murders done By white men to the Indians On plains near old Schoenbrunn. Brave Crawford, through a fagging horse. While calling for his son, Fell captive, as did Doctor Knight, Though everything was done By them to guide in the retreat The army safely on. 90 LOURELL, TH^^INDIAN MAlb X. Three days a captive Crawford was, Then stripped of clothes was he And, painted black, was led into The vale of Tymochtee. Tied to a stake, placed in the ground, With near twelve feet of rope. With twig and branch around it strewn, He gave up ling'ring hope That something somewhere might arise To save the dreadful fate Of being roasted while alive And burned to death at stake. With powder then the savage shot And burned his naked skin, Each demon adding to his wound A savage, hellish grin. Yet all the while the fagots burned. The heat grew more intense. Against such painful punishment He could find no defense. With fading hope he called aloud To Simon Girty near, "Oh shoot me dead without delay!" W^hen Girt}^ with a sneer Retorted: "I no gun possess; But, if I did, you know The way these savage put to death Is painful, sure, but slow!" The hours passed by and Crawford sank His head upon his lap. THE EXILE ^1 A yelling, painted savage, then Removed the soldier's scalp; And by a squaw some burning coals From oft* a piece of board Upon the Colonel's bleeding head In ecstasy were poured. A chief, approaching Doctor Knight, Bade him arise and walk. He did while all the air around Was filled with song and talk. Next morning Doctor Knight was marched Beside the awful spot. And saw the bones of Crawford lie Still reeking, charred and hot. XI. That night Zeisberger in his hut Sat silently and long. And, musing over Life's events. Recalled a childhood song: MY SAILING "The winds blow from over the rolling sea A message of joy or of grief to me, According as hues of the bending skies, Rellccls my soul-gladness or tear-dimmed eyes; For tender smiles beam from the thoughts within. And frowns and their tears in the soul begin, As winds blow from over the sea. 92 LOURELU THE INDIAN MAID "The ships come from over the deep, blue sea, And bring their effulgent, rare gifts to me; And fruits of the nether world at my feet They lay, where the land and the water meet; Though for neither gifts nor for fruits I care, As ships proudly come in from ev'rywhere, — Still ships come from over the sea. "The stars twinkle down in the dark, gray sea. Reflecting their images back to me, Which shimmer and shine on each wavelet's breast, Then pass out of sight on the wave's dark crest, To glimmer, it may be, again: but still The stars twinkle down with their own fre« will,— The stars twinkle down in the sea. "Are we but mere flotsam on Life's great sea, Unguided by Fate, fdled with enmity Unsatiate ? No, there is living Hope For all drifting ones who in darkness grope: We may glide through calms, and we must baffle waves, According as Hope or as Fate behaves, For storms must be met on Life's sea." XII. That night the army surgeon lay. Bound hand and foot, and sore. Beside a smold'ring campfire, and Each moment guarded o'er THE EXILE 93 By special chieftain from the tribe To burn him at the stake, And of the army sm'geon's scalp A battle trophy make. Some days and nights they journeyed on. While ever near the twain Was Joe, the hunter, following, A rescue to obtain. One dreary night the chieftain slept. Lounging upon the ground; And Joe, the hunter, slyly crept And Doctor Knight unbound. The Surgeon stretched his aching limbs And grasped the chieftain's gun; But, keen of ear, the Indian woke; Both started on the run. Then came a fight. The chieftain fell; But still 'twas one sad plight; The gun was broken from the blow That ended the death fight. The lone horse mounted. Knight then bade A long farewell to Joe. Where Joe thereafter lived and died No one did ever know. The horse and man at once began A journey, danger fraught: One careless step, hope of escape. Would quickly bring to naught. 94 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID In dark swamps sleeping through the day, And trav'ling through the night, A fortnight brouglit tlie Surgeon to Fort Pitt in sorry plight. Sad was the scene, when, strength regained, He entered Crawford's home And told the widow, children and The friends that had there come The awful story of what fate. At cruel, savage hands. Befell their loved and honored one In far-off western lands. PART THE FOURTH THE RETURN THE RETURN 97 I. Through the years the Tuscarawas Mirrored sun and moon and star, And the broad, alluvial lowlands Stretched to rolling hills afar; Yet no civil hand the forests Felled in hope to build a home; Hunters camped where night o'ertook them; And wild beasts at will did roam. Where the corn had grown in plenty. Where the orchards had borne fruit. Where the flow'rs had bloomed in gardens, All grew wild; each native brute Could, unscared and unmolested. Roam at will 'mong brier and thorn, Sleep by day and prowl at evening. Scream by night and feed at morn. For all creatures using language Long and oft had heard the tale That the ghosts of harmless Christians, Foully murdered in the vale. Oft returned at hours uncertain, And in mad, nocturnal tones Cried: "Oh, Manitou, give vengeance! Oh, avenge our bleaching bones!" Through the years the sleepless echoes Of the valley nothing heard. Save the thunder and the wild wind, Cry of beast and scream of bird. 98 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID II. All the while the missionaries Shepherded the Christian band In far northern fields and forests, On unfriendly natives' land. III. On a summer Sabbath morning, In the Michigan wild land, To a humble, spacious chapel, Heeding Zeisberger's command. All the Christians of the village, 1 Helpers, converts, white or brown, Came to hear a proclamation Deemed most vital for the town. Christian fathers, mothers, children. Wearied of the war-time strain. Helpers, led by LourelPs presence. Filled the church to hear again From the lips of loved Zeisberger Whether were their efforts vain. Twas their wont, and so a half hour Passed in silent, earnest prayer. During which Zeisberger kneeled by His accustomed pulpit chair. Then, as though the choirs of heaven Loaned sweet tongues and pow'rs of song. Rang an anthem to the Godhead, Man's Redeemer, loud and long. THE RETURN 99 At cessation of the singing Quiet was the church as death, Broken only when Zeisberger Drew a deep, sonorous breath. And, behind the sacred altar Taking his familiar stand. Asked God's blessing on the converts. With extended arm and hand. Then he spake : "For years, my brethren. We have prospered, flourished here. At the will of Chippewas, we. When once hunted like a deer, Builded here these homes and chapel. Now the nations are at peace. And the Chippewas are anxious Of their land we make release. Of our wrongs the States United Through their Congress are informed. And by legal act our hopes are Brilliant made, and are adorned With new promise for the future; — Yes, methinks that soon again We shall worship and live happy Back on our beloved plain. "Let us not our landlords weary, Neither grieve our neighbors sore ; Let us start with high ambition Back to Tuscarawas' shore. 100 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID Two large sloops upon the river Lay at anchor, waiting for Contract of a river voyage And to Erie's southern shore." Longer still he talked and reasoned, Till the converts' hopes grew strong That, along the Tuscarawas, They might praise their God in song Without fears of molestation. Then the pious preacher told From the Holy Writ the story How the Israelites of old Were by God's command delivered From Egyptian bondage, and Journeyed under His direction Toward the fair and promised land. Ere the darkness fell that evening. To removal all agreed; And the Chippewas, delighted, Feeling keen the Christians' need Of much help in the withdrawal. Furnished many helpers strong, Who, in stoic, savage manner. Mingled chants with Christian song, While completing embarkation Of the Christians and their store On the sloops then moored and lying By the Detroit River's shore. THE RETURN 101 IV. Israel crossed, dry-shod, the Red Sea, But a more seafaring fate Waited for the meek Moravians On the stormy, dashing lake. Rocked by waves, by wild winds driven, Through long days and nights of fear. Storm tossed oft, they sailed and sailed on, Till a haven did appear. Glad to land, the pilgrims entered Cuyahoga River, where Builded they a few small houses, And remained a season there. But erelong a delegation Of the owners of the land Called upon the Missionaries; And, though met with friendly hand. Forthwith spake the leading chieftain: *'You now dwell upon our soil; We are hunters, braves and warriors; Only women work and toil. Therefore, by your way of living All our laws you disobey; You must leave our territory. Leave it by the seventh day." Once again upon Lake Erie, As a highway free to all, 'Barked the homeless Christians, hopeful Better fate might yet befall; 102 LOURELL. THE INDIAN MAID That somewhere in field or forest Miglit be found a peaceful home, Where no landlords should be troubled, Where would rise no cause to roam. So the waters of Lake Erie Bore again the pilgrim fleet Westward, till Black Biver's current Did the prows of their boats meet. There they landed; there they builded Near the lake and river's shore; There the preachers preached, and teachers Taught the lessons o'er and o'er Of the sufferings attending Chosen lives of Bible lore. As the moonlight fell in beauty One still night upon the lake, 'Neath the boughs of trees o'erhanging The lake's bank, did Lourell take Her lone place for supplication. As she nightly long had done. There she prayed for Heathen, Christian, — Yes, she prayed for her loved one; For, somehow within the bosom Of the maiden lingered e'er Hope that her own lover Jacob Liveth still on earth, somewhere. THE RETURN 103 But from force the homeless Christians Once again their earthly ware Loaded in canoes and started Westward to — they knew not where. But in time the Huron Biver Offered haven; 'twas deemed best To sail up that river, searching For a place of needed rest. There some humble homes were builded And a chapel rude, not tall; There the pilgrims worked and worshiped, Faithful, though in numbers small. V. Meanwhile had the new born Nation Grown in wisdom, power and good, And, through Congress, it had granted. Measured out by rod and rood. Full twelve thousand fertile acres By the Tuscarawas' stream. To Moravian Missionaries And their Indians. Thus the dream Uppermost to worn Zeisberger Seemed realit}^ once more; And the weary, hopeful Christians Turned to Tuscarawas' shore. Near the west bank of the river. On the Goshen gravel plain, Builded they another village, Builded they a church again. 104 LOURELL, THE{INDIAN MAID Swiftly sped a few years, happy, Spent in worship, work and song, And the Right as taught and practiced Seemed to overcome the Wrong. VI. But an era was approaching, One of progress, one of might; And the Indian, though Christian, Bowed before the conq'ring White. Heckewelder to the faithful Bade adieu, and journeyed east; For the most of all the leaders Had retired to final rest. So the waning little Mission By the Tuscarawas' shore Rang wath praises of Almighty Just a few short seasons more; But its people still were hopeful, Till the years in ceaseless roll Bore upon Zeisberger's body And demanded Time's last toll. VII. One calm evening in November, One thousand, eight hundred-eight, In a small and neat apartment, Zeisberger resigned his fate; THE RETURN lp5 And in feeble accents uttered. As the shades of evening fell. His departing earthly message To the faithful one, Lourell. MY ANCHORING *"Tis eve, and winds of day are stilled again; The purple sunset skies embrace the calm; My bark, oft tossed on life's swift dashing main, At anchor rides, so near to home I am. I see the beacon light Shine through the breaking night, And mark my path o'er life's receding tide. Though haze and cloud and fog My mortal vision clog. Still Hope is captain; I my time abide. "I've loved the waves and foam and breakers, all,— The calm of noon, the stars' pale smile at night. The swelling rise, the undulating fall. When Wrong gives up the throne to Truth and Right, I see the beacon light; It shows all wrongs aright. I see my path o'er life's receding tide. My soul, no longer fast, Ascends the topmost mast. For Faith is pilot; Death is but a guide." He was buried there at Goshen, 'Mong "Brown Brethren" gone before, And beside the grave of Edwards, And of loved ones, many more. 106 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID When his body had been lowered To its final resting place, Toar-dimmed eyes of Lourell noticed Haggard, yet familiar face. When the grave was rounded smoothly, And the body left to sleep In the earth of the lone valley. Near the river's silent sweep, Once again her eyes did Lourell Raise to look the people o'er. And beheld her long lost lover Jacob, w^eai-^^ and footsore. VIII. Then they met, the two true lovers, And each clasped the other's hand. And renewed the vows, unbroken. Made in Gnadenhutten land. But alas! That happy meeting Ended soon, for, from the west Came an early winter's flurry, Snow and rain and driving blast; So that, ere they reached a shelter. Wet and cold their garments w^ere, And an illness, proving fatal, Grasped the tender form of her. By her sick bed Jacob calmly Sat, and told to willing ears Of Lourell all he remembered Of the intervening years, THE RETURN lOf Which to him as one night's sleeping Broken only now and then By uncertain, disconnected, And unpleasant dreams, had been. Just a fortnight past, he told her, That from patient nursing, care, He had been restored to reason. And awoke — he knew not where : But they told him 'twas Fort Detroit; Told him how the wars did cease; How surviving Christian converts Back near Schoenbrunn lived in peace. And he told her of his journey. Weak of body, to her bed. She, in turn, told him her sorrows. And that she oft thought him dead. Just a few days did she linger; Then she met a peaceful death. Speaking words of Christian solace With the last, faint, dying breath. Near the sacred grave, Zeisberger's, Was the body of Lourell Laid to rest by loving, tender Friends; and all could tell Of some kind and helpful duties Done by hands then cold and white, — Done without remuneration, Whether called by day or night. 108 LOURELL, THE INDIAN MAID Sad, indeed, were all the people, And the two late graves around Stood they long and wept together: — 'Twas to them, then, hallowed ground. IX. Jacob lingered at the Mission Weak of body, sad of heart, SulFring thus a second sorrow For the one once set apart By the laws of love and nature To be his to journey life, As an ardent. Christian woman. As a loving, faithful wife. Day by day his strength kept failing, Till the coming Christmas-tide When he, in a faith triumphant. Praising God, rejoiced and died.