U be 
 Battle of Manilla 
 
 By permission of K. F. FENNO & Co. 
 
 i&v 
 
 Castmer 1lrensfc\? 
 
 annotated b£ "§" 
 
 1899 
 
By permission of R. F. FENNO & CO. 
 
 COMMODORE GEORGE DEWEY 
 
THE 
 BATTLE OF MANILLA 
 
 BY 
 
 CASIMER IRENSKY. 
 
 seuco>.. o-S- ZJoKn F. ef 
 
 ANNOTATED BY "S" 
 1899 
 
 Zbc fmtcfcerbocfcec press 
 Bew H>orfc 
 

 
 
 
 Copyright, 1899 
 
 BY 
 
 CASIMER IRENSKY. 
 
A 
 
 TO 
 
 ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY 
 
 THIS ATTEMPT TO DESCRIBE THE GLORIOUS VICTORY 
 THAT SWEPT THE FLAG OF SPAIN FROM THE PACIFIC 
 IS 
 MOST ADMIRINGLY, DEDICATED 
 
The Battle of Manilla 
 
 IProem 
 
 Ere midnight closed fair April in the year of 'Ninety-eight 
 The misrule of the Spaniard in the Far East faced its fate. 
 Then the Mixed Race met the Latin off the shores of Philippine, 
 And there the Fittest triumphed in a manner seldom seen ! 
 
 'T was then the Asian squadron of the United States 
 After months of weary waiting, after lingering debates, 
 Received decisive orders and sought Manilla's bay 
 To sweep the proud, defiant fleet of haughty Spain away. 
 
 Oh! well had Spain deserved the doom Nemesis was to mete! 
 Intolerance and cruelty followed her treacherous feet, 
 And violated maidens and assassinated youth, 
 Writhing on ravaged hearthstones, witness'd her lack of ruth 
 
 In Cuba's fertile island and the far-off Philippines, 
 Where raged anarchic horrors entailing shocking scenes; 
 And patriots fought like furies madden'd by loss and pain, 
 Under the fierce fanatic sway of fifteenth-century Spain. 
 
 And, foulest act of villainy, malignity, and shame, 
 Destined to blast forever the festering Spanish fame,— 
 More vile than the black treachery to Montezuma shown 
 When confiding to their honor his person and his throne; 
 
 More fell than Torquemada's satanic deeds of blood; 
 
 More ruthless than was Nunez, when in revengeful mood 
 
 The Valparaisian hospitals, despite their white flags, felt 
 
 The wounded-mangling stroke of shot that savage coward dealt,— 
 
2 Xlbe Battle ot /l&anUla 
 
 At nightfall, when our sailors lay guardlessly at rest, 
 A submarine explosion tossed the Maine from off the breast 
 Of Havana's spacious harbor, where she unsuspecting lay, 
 And left her battered masts and bow projecting 'mid the spray. 
 
 That prov'd the strongest advocate that Cuba's cause had urged; 
 That hasten'd Intervention, and hostile factions merged; 
 That chilled the kindred Powers who might have lent their aid, 
 But, estranged by righteous horror, alienated stay'd. 
 
 ******** 
 
 Woe! Woe! unto the People when Priestcraft guides the State ! 
 
 Their cottages and temples shall lie waste and desolate, 
 
 As lie the mighty ruins of metropoli of yore, 
 
 As forest-tomb'd Palenque and Thebes sand-cover'd o'er. 
 
 The avalanche of Progress shall whelm them with its sweep, 
 
 And drifts of drear Oblivion spread o'er the formless heap. 
 
 The breakless lance of Free Thought shall hurl their false faith down 
 
 As Coin's smote the idols in old Northumbrian town. 
 
 The lightning shaft of Learning shall consume them with its ray, 
 Or rive them as a torrent tears obstructing rocks away 
 When down the lofty mountains, like steed urged by the goad, 
 To where the clear lakes glitter, winds its impetuous road. 
 
 Long, Pelayo's ancient country had the mournful truth confessed: 
 She had parted with her glory, once with strength and empire blessed; 
 She had trod the path of nations that leads unto their fall; 
 And Ignorance and Bigotry had consummated all! 
 
 Resisting Light and Progress, the upliftment of our day, 
 Under the blight of priestcraft the declining kingdom lay, 
 Clinging to the worn traditions of a past mediaeval age, 
 When the blood-drench'd Conquistadors crimson'd Hist'ry's page; 
 
Huoustt's flnvocation 
 
 When the Cross upon the pagan was thrust with flame and shot, 
 And the Inquisition's fires for the heretics waxed hot, 
 And Thought lay in its cradle, no Free Press for its nurse, 
 And the right of Might bred serfdom and a hundred evils worse. 
 
 Like an evil demon struggling with a champion of light, 
 With all its hideous weakness apparent in the fight, 
 Battling with all opposition with a valor long renown 'd, 
 The fierce unreasoning courage of an old Molossian hound, — 
 
 A hound whose teeth are broken, a hound whose limbs are weak, 
 
 Reckless of adverse powers or what those powers seek — 
 
 The proud hidalgo nation, contending 'mid its foes, 
 
 Yet strove to seize the Sword of Fate, or turn aside its blows, 
 
 All heedless, like Nabonid, of the Hand upon the Wall, 
 That foretold in flaming tri-graph a mightier kingdom's fall; 
 For the Arbiter of Nations, far beyond our narrow ken, 
 Had inscribed the stern Upharsin of the Spanish race of men. 
 
 That One who forms the Absolute of all men's jarring creeds 
 (Dreams of a thousand dreamers, lost in men's selfish greeds) 
 Foredoom'd their last possessions should quit their grasp like sand, 
 And the flags of free republics float o'er their ill-won land; 
 
 That the soldiers of Columbia should wave the Stripes and Stars 
 O'er. the stained and threadbare banner of the olden Moorish wars, 
 And the navy of our nation, of a nation brave and free, 
 Sweep the gaudy red and yellow from the deep Pacific Sea. 
 
 I. augustt's flnvocatfon 
 
 In the far-away Manilla in bright Luzon's lovely isle, 
 Where luxuriant tropic beauty o'erspreads in many a smile, 
 Where sense-enticing odors float mingled on the breeze 
 From the aromatic thickets and the ever-bloss'ming trees; 
 
4 XTbe battle of /iDantlla 
 
 And the people, walls, and dwellings of three centuries ago 
 
 View their little-changed reflection in the placid river's flow; 
 
 All thoughtless of near peril, few engine-fires prepared 
 
 (For never Spaniard dream' d that man would do what Dewey dar'd!), 
 
 Beneath Cavite's frowning guns the Spanish war fleet lay; 
 Cavit£, that huge crab-like claw half-curved round Bakor Bay, 
 That reaches out, well armed for fight, stone fort and arsenal, 
 With ordnance in emplacement and on each ancient wall. 
 
 There was silence in the barracks, in cottage, and in hall, 
 And the sweet sleep of security had mantled over all 
 In the far-stretching suburbs by the Pasig and the bay, 
 Where the lowly quaint-roofed houses in pleasing vista lay, — 
 
 Lowly built to mock the terrors of the fearful seismic pow'r, 
 Which thrice has caus'd the fatal fall of house and hall and tow'r. 
 A motley mass of races had yielded them to rest, 
 Hushed as a smiling infant soothed on its mother's breast. 
 
 Secure in its defences that slumb'ring city faced 
 The peril of bombardment; on its mines its hopes were based, 
 And the Governor fondly reckoned that the coming Yankee fleet, 
 Balked in its hostile passage, must draw off in defeat. 
 
 " The God of Victories give to us one brilliant and complete, 
 The truth and justice of our cause demand that He shall mete." 
 This was his invocation, This was his false appeal 
 As he cast the gage of battle and unbared the ready steel. 
 
 Oh! slaughtered men by thousands from the twelve hundred isles 
 Upraised them from their gory graves and heard with mocking smiles, 
 And the prisoners of Cabanas long weighted with its chain 
 Led forth to trialless dooming, by the Butcher foully slain. 
 
Ube Sbips anfc tbe ZlDen • 
 
 Their flesh red-seam'd by lashes that sank unto the bone, 
 
 Long left to rot in dungeons untended and alone, 
 
 Their fingers crushed by thumb-screws, their limbs strain'd by the cord, 
 
 Constrained to view the misery of wives that they adored ; 
 
 And the deported suspects, the slaves of Isle of Pines, 
 Who died in cruel tortures, worn out in swamps and mines; 
 Brave Maceo, gallant Rizal, by treachery betrayed, 
 The sixty wretched victims that the Pasig's Black Hole made ; 
 
 A thousand ravished virgins in the flame-swept Lizard Isle, 
 Shamed in their dear ones' presence in the most revolting style; 
 Fair girls and tender women forced garblessly to dance 
 By the demon Weyler's orders in the soldier's scoffing glance. 
 
 And Cuba's half a million of starved and burnt and slain 
 Have joined in heaping curses on the " Just " cause of Spain. 
 What signifies to palter with foes so base as these ? 
 Cast the War-Sword in the balance and Justice boldly seize. 
 
 This blot upon the Nations leaves no clear space for the Pen, 
 And glittering steel must it erase in the strong right hands of Men. 
 This day the Right shall conquer, this day the foeman feel 
 The tactics taught to Dewey by the Lion of Mobile. 
 
 II. Gbe Sbips anfc tbe tffcen 
 
 Our fleet was in fine order of seven vessels formed : 
 The Olympia, the finest work by shipwrights e'er performed, 
 The Boston and the Concord, the Baltimore, Petrel, — 
 The latter lightly framed to meet the ocean's swell 
 
 And yet ride shallow waters, — the McCulloch and Raleigh, — 
 All manned by eager sailors clam'ring loudly for the fray, 
 Commanded by our Commodore, George Dewey of Vermont, 
 Who sail'd with Captain Gridley in the flagship at the front. 
 
6 TTfoe Battle of /SDanilla 
 
 Six cruisers and ten gunboats and a host of smaller fry 
 
 The enemy had moored, or sailed, near where the batteries lie 
 
 Under the forts of Malate, of Mileta, Maleton, 
 
 Mirralas, Pasten, and Pillar, — armed well with Krupp's huge gun 
 
 And the old smooth-bore cannon, that strangely-fashion'd shone, 
 Poised on their ancient trunnions on the dull gray mold' ring stone. 
 Those quaint short-range bronze pieces wrought centuries ago, 
 Side by side with modern ordnance, deal their first warring blow, 
 
 Behind the wood Castilla, a rigged three-masted bark, 
 
 That lay beneath strong Cavite, high-hull'd, full-mann'd, and dark. 
 
 Whose fiery-hearted Captain swore in the Spanish way 
 
 That, sooner than surrender, all would sink where moor'd they lay. 
 
 Oh! backed by walls and cannon and teeming with brave men, 
 What foe could hope for victory that dared them in their den, 
 That dared essay to navigate past treach'rous shoals of sand 
 And thread the narrow passage of the deep-mined Boca Grande ? 
 
 There are men of many nations on board our ships of war; 
 
 From North and South and East and West and many a foreign shore, 
 
 They came with ardent courage, with firm unf alt' ring zeal, 
 
 To strike for right and justice, all in a nation's weal. 
 
 From the park-encircled hilltop where the wing'd Marble Hall 
 'Mid flowers and 'mid fountains its dome uptowers tall, 
 Whose Liberty in modelled bronze the loftiest zocle fills 
 And views in softened distance the green Virginia hills. 
 
 From the vast busy City sprung from Manhattan-land, 
 Whose multi-storied structures rise gigantic'ly and grand, 
 Whose graceful high-hung air-way o'er-spans the Hudson's breast 
 With steel and stone and iron in one merging marvel press' d. 
 
Ube Sbips anD tbe flOen 
 
 Where Bartholdi's lofty giantess, the gift of friendly France, 
 
 Reared on colossal granite fronts with uplifted glance 
 
 Each merchantman and warship seeking our spacious bay, 
 
 O'er which her torch shall ever shine with Freedom's brightest ray. 
 
 From where the Bell unhung and voiceless in the old Quaker town 
 Rang out its pregnant pealings in its crusade 'gainst the crown, — 
 The Bell! the priceless relic of the Revolution's days, 
 That cracked and long dismounted may peal no more its praise. 
 
 From the shadow of the column that surmounts the Hill of Breed, 
 Where our patriotic Warren was among the first to bleed 
 For the freedom of his country which, grown glorious with the years, 
 Forgets not hero martyrs in the monuments it rears. 
 
 From the pine and hemlock forests o'er dark'ning northern Maine, 
 Where bear and moose yet linger, contesting life in vain; 
 From where the mammoth redwood cast twelve centuries of shade 
 In the grove of Mariposa in the land where Fremont stray'd. 
 
 From the city strange and ancient with its old square-tower' d gate, 
 And shell and sand-reared houses of true old Spanish date, 
 And its fine old crumbling fortress twice held by troops of Spain, 
 Whose arms carved in its substance, in stone, this day remain. 
 
 From where St. Lawrence mazily whirls round the myriad isles, 
 Gems nestling in a bosom which with loveliness beguiles, 
 And where the tall Three Sisters, silver-tressed with thawless snow, 
 Their blunted summits upward from the fair green valleys throw. 
 
 And the shadow of the glacier, prism-tinted by the sun, 
 Whose ever-falling icebergs with unfailing echoes stun, 
 A frost-chained, hill-high river ever gliding to the bay, 
 Crushing tons of ice by millions on its slow, majestic way. 
 
s TLhc Battle of /SDanilla 
 
 From where the eyeless houses of adobe, built alone, 
 Extend in cheerless acres their dull brown monotone ; 
 From where the golden harvest biennial yields the grain, 
 And countless lowing cattle graze on the boundless plain. 
 
 From the Grand Eternal Ruin mourning high on Aventine, 
 The long-evanished glories of her famed Augustian line, 
 Where patrician and plebeian bound in the purple chain 
 Swelled thirty bucklered legions for many a martial reign. 
 
 From the meteor long extinguished, from the classic Eye of Greece, 
 Where sage and poet dream'd fitfully in the brief calms of Peace; 
 From the realm of Barbarossa where the green-watered Rhine 
 Laves the feet of legend'd castles along its graceful line. 
 
 From where Nihilism struggles 'neath a despot's iron hand, 
 
 Which wends endless trains of exiles to the cold prison-land; 
 
 From the northern realms of ice oft-famed in legends old, 
 
 Whence Viking hordes o'erswept the seas, wide-seeking lands and gold. 
 
 And that forest-clime of Vasa where the Troll-King's magic-cap 
 Veers the wind, tradition tells us, unto all points on the map; 
 And those rugged mounts and valleys that gave birth to William Tell, 
 Where peasants struck the primal blow for liberty so well. 
 
 From the great united kingdom which dominates the seas 
 And a thousand years has floated its flag upon the breeze; 
 Where the rose and leek and thistle, all entwined lovingly, 
 Hold tightly to the shamrock which must and shall be free. 
 
 From beyond those lovely islands of arbutus, oak, and pine, 
 Fair Venuses of nature sprung from the unruffled brine, 
 Where from its seven smiling hills the City rosied in the spring, 
 Gold-glitters with the minarets its domed mosques skyward bring. 
 
XTbc Sbips anC> tbe flDeu 
 
 Linked in the cause of Freedom a medley of the world 
 Were gathered round the banner for Cuba's cause unfurl'd, 
 The banner of the colors three, the bright Stripes and the Stars, 
 Upborne on many a bloody field above Secession's bars. 
 
 Far different the forces of the Queen of Austrian strain, 
 All were natives of the kingdom and dependencies of Spain; 
 From many a noted city glamored by Moorish fame, 
 From many a fertile province of proud Iberian name, 
 
 Knit by the one religion and united as a ring, 
 They came to shed their unmixed blood for country and for king. 
 And men there were from Mancha whence Cervantes' hero came, 
 As errant as old Quixote in a diff'rent quest for fame. 
 
 From the old sixth-century city set in Guadalquivir's plains 
 Where pro-mediaeval grandeur all-amazing yet remains, 
 Nestled 'mid enduring sunlight 'mid its palms and orange groves, 
 While around in girdling silver the grand old river roves. 
 
 And the stately old Alcazar, the Alhambra's lovely peer, 
 From a wilderness of myrtles its noble piles uprear, 
 Whose darkened marble pavings a brother's blood yet show 
 Outpour' d by tyrant Pedro in the days of long ago. 
 
 And the shadow of the ruins of the thousand tower'd walls 
 
 That ring the gloomy flat-roofs an eighth century recalls, 
 
 Where the high and broad-plained mountain its summit sunward flings 
 
 With the strong- walled old " Red Palace," fond pride of Moorish kings, 
 
 For centuries deserted yet fresh amid decay, 
 Breathing softly of a people swept by bigotry away, 
 When Ferdinand the foolish cut the arteries of Spain 
 And the life-tide of his kingdom left her last fertile plain,— 
 
io Ube battle of /iDanMa 
 
 Uplooming o'er Granada, sublime, impressive, still 
 'Mid the stately snow-robed mountains from its pedestallic hill, 
 With its walls and slender arches reared like chiselled ivory, 
 And its roofs of pearl and cedar stalactited fair to see. 
 
 And its alabaster fountains and its golden-fruited trees, 
 And its arabesques and carvings, fretwork, and filigrees, 
 Graced by the columned glory uprising in the air 
 About the snow-white fountain twelve sculptured lions bear. 
 
 The palace of enchantment, the Elysium of the Moor, 
 
 The paragon of mansions, assailless in contour, 
 
 Where tranced by scents of roses and the bul-bul's rapt'rous song, 
 
 Life, like a 'witching vision, gayly fading, passed along. 
 
 From where the bronze-armed fishers ply the Biscayan Sea, 
 Or skirt the bold and rocky shores where winds sport wild and free ; 
 From the pink and yellow dwellings of Murcia's narrow pale, 
 Murcia, whose ancient structures dot o'er the beauteous vale, 
 
 Murcia, whose hardy miners delving in her teeming soil, 
 Of a wealth of mineral treasure the cavern'd depths despoil; 
 From where rock-throned Toledo lifts a grand cathedral spire 
 To the never-ending smoke-wreaths of her manufacturing fire, 
 
 And a myriad of toilers forge the finely tempered blade 
 That o'er many a field of Europe its wielders' way hath made; 
 From where long winding mule-trains through Andalusia pass, 
 Streaming slowly through that " garden," stout stronghold of the mass. 
 
 From where Malaga's sweet sunshine kisses the receding sea, 
 And her perfumed breath of flowers comes stealing o'er the lea; 
 From the hills of blooming vineyards delighting to the eye, 
 O'er-greened with rising trellises under a deep blue sky. 
 
Ube Battle in tbe Bas 
 
 An odor sweet and ravishing as the breath of the loved maid 
 Exhales in the kiss of rapture when the words of love are said; 
 A view serenely beautiful as is her cheek of bloom 
 Ere Time hath blanched its roses— premonitive of doom! 
 
 From the City of the Statues of departed kings and queens, 
 Whose inquisitorial fires marshalled sad and awesome scenes; 
 Whose garden-girdled palace is its only pile of fame, 
 And whose store of wondrous paintings is the finest man can claim. 
 
 From where Valencia's bosom rears her rice and sugar-cane, 
 And her rampart-guarded city o'erspreads the rustic plain, 
 And where wall'd Segovia sitteth on her twin vale-spaced hills 
 'Mid the lowing of her cattle and the murmur of her rills. 
 
 From where the " glory of Cordova," Abdurraman's delight, 
 Like a virgin's drapeless beauty thralls the enamored sight; 
 Where the cedar and the cypress and the orange foliage wave 
 In the courtyard of the marvel Saracenic genius gave. 
 
 And a thousand lofty columns cast a glittering light and shade 
 O'er a host of artist wonders, carved, moulded, and inlaid; 
 That, unlike their mortal builders, have withstood the test of time 
 Deca'yless through the ages— both lovely and sublime! 
 
 ******** 
 From all these far-famed places, with martial ardor high, 
 Resolved for king and country to conquer or to die, 
 Came many an humble peasant and many a proud grandee, 
 Foredoom' d to rest together 'neath that blood-ting' d island sea! 
 
 in. Gbe JBattle in tbe JBae 
 
 Oh! proudly swept our ships of battle past Subig's shelt'ring bay, 
 The Olympia and Baltimore leading the dangerous way; 
 And the others slowly steaming, in dark gray rank and file, 
 Past Patungan, 'twixt the mainland and the lofty sent'nel isle. 
 
i2 Ube Battle of tfDanilla 
 
 Lights in the shell-paned windows for many an hour past 
 In Manilla and Binondo had shone that day their last. 
 Those colors born of sunlight in the quicken 'd womb of pearl, 
 In the quiv'ring flood of splendor the tropic skies down hurl. 
 
 All changeful like the prism, all glorious past a name, 
 
 Shall vanish on the morrow in the red reflect of flame. 
 
 When we steamed into that harbor (not enshrouded in the dark, 
 
 Nor was it what betrayed us, the McCullocJi s straying spark), 
 
 The moon o'ercast her radiance conjuring day from night. 
 Though azure changed to sable in the weird and silver light. 
 Unscreened by friendly darkness, daring the hidden mine, 
 Into the hostile harbor dashed the ships of Dewey's line! 
 
 Then waked the dozing Spaniard to the sense of danger nigh, 
 And the cannon on Corregidor a wild alarum cry. 
 And the Raleigh sent an answer, far echoing 'long the shore, 
 And the voice of the mountain islet was raised that morn no more. 
 
 Oh! when the white mist curtain rose from off the sun-kissed bay, 
 And under Castile's banner loomed up the foe's array. 
 We must have felt that moment as Cortez's little band 
 Felt when Tlascala's power met their sight on ev'ry hand. 
 
 On Anahuac's grassy plain near where Tzompach frown'd, 
 Their purple and their scarlet plumes ring'd the White Heron round. 
 Their bronze and golden weapon tips flashed redly in the sun, 
 Betokening of desp'rate work to do ere day was done. 
 
 Our untried warriors felt the fears that ever cross the brave, 
 But trebly nerve them to the strife though yawns the open grave; 
 So felt they and so dared they, our steadfast patriot crew, 
 And into the front of battle our good ships proudly drew. 
 
Ube Battle in tbe 3Bap 13 
 
 Swift like the ocean eagle and stately like the swan, 
 Defying rock and fortress, our graceful ships sailed on, 
 In a far-sweeping circle each past Manilla runs 
 All dark with sombre war-paint, the gunners at the guns. 
 
 Forth from the enwalled city sounds a challenge to their foe, 
 But mute in pitying silence, on! on! the war-craft go. 
 Bombardment meant destruction to the city wide outspread, 
 And the kind heart of the Commodore, and humanity, forbade. 
 
 That heart whose depth of feeling not that stern moment stills, 
 But recalls the sloping ranges of Vermont's verdant hills, 
 As his eye with int'rest kindling, o'er the panorama roves 
 Of Luzon's distant mountains o'er-greened with leafy groves. 
 
 The ancient stone cathedral, with solemn, deep-toned charm, 
 Its time-bronzed bell sways wildly, out-pealing wild alarm, 
 And the streets of many a suburb resound with hurrying feet 
 As soldiers march to man the walls against our threat'ning fleet. 
 
 Binondo's hundred peoples are grouping near the shore, 
 And the housetops and the ramparts are thickly cluster'd o'er. 
 Loud uttered are the curses and wild the useless rage 
 Of such as burn to reach us and are held as in a cage. 
 
 And great is the impatience and deep the secret joy 
 Of those who fain would help us and Spanish rule destroy. 
 But there are scenes of terror as well as martial sign, 
 And hundreds wail in agony and hundreds hope resign. 
 
 On the great bridge of Binondo, that bridge of massy stone, 
 The largest any city of the East can call its own, 
 A hast'ning crowd is flying, their faces blanched by fear, 
 Screaming, crying, and bewailing, " For the Yankees will be here!' 
 
i 4 XTbe ^Battle of /iDantlla 
 
 And men turn arrant cowards and quake with terror then, 
 And maidens hide in cellars and assume the garb of men, 
 For the " Yankee hogs " are coming, so Augusti has declared, 
 " And man or child or virgin will not by them be spared." 
 
 'T was five on that May morning. 'T was just the misty dawn, 
 And our squadron cleared for action toward the foe had gone. 
 As the vessels neared Cavite steaming slowly " line ahead," 
 Loud rose a sudden muffled roar, as from the harbor bed, 
 
 A Niagara of water in deluging sheet and spray 
 Leaped up and then descended some few hundred feet away. 
 A moment only, saved a ship! Again high-soared the wave! 
 Unfalt'ringly the Commodore his onward orders gave. 
 
 What cared he if destruction lurked round him and below ? 
 
 At the closing of the council he had uttered " I will go! " 
 
 The calm old veteran leader, betrayed no anxious sign, 
 
 But, season'd in Port Hudson's fire, like his Admiral, damn'd the mine. 
 
 From the men stripped bare for battle in the vessel's torrid heat, 
 
 From every eager seaman in our confronting fleet, 
 
 From sailor unto sailor, able-bodied or landsman, 
 
 With a wave of bitter feeling a widespread watchword ran; 
 
 'T was a deep, hoarse cry for vengeance for the sinking of the Maine, 
 
 A war-cry raised forever to the lasting shame of Spain. 
 
 Diverging from its sources as the broad'ning circle's speed 
 
 When, o'er waters struck by missiles, rippling, hast'ning wave? proceed. 
 
 The trim Reina Cristina, first of the Spanish line, 
 With colors set for battle gave that sad and fatal sign, 
 That sign of solemn portent, out floated on the breeze, 
 When man meets man in anger on the escapeless seas. 
 
Zhe Battle in tbe Bap 
 
 Then beat the drums to quarters and shrill the bugles play'd; 
 For his first and final action stood many a man array'd. 
 Then roared the guns of Cavite, then soared the shrieking shells, 
 Alas! for the Spanish gunners, theirs not the aim that tells. 
 
 In war's o'erawing ruin our dreadful answer came, 
 'Mid wreaths of smoke and fire, 'mid bursts of spark and flame, 
 Upcurl'd the cloud of conflict at the cannon's thund'rous peal, 
 Rock'd as by ocean tempest shook each ship from mast to keel. 
 
 'Mid roar of shot and scream of shell we bore on their central line, 
 While missiles struck and gouged the decks and flame began to twine 
 Its dark red forky tongues on high from many a deck and spar, 
 And cries of pain and horror rang piercingly afar. 
 
 The eight-inchers in our turrets at five thousand yards away 
 On Spain's defiant flagship, the Olympia made play. 
 Steering five oblong courses sailed our line manceuv'ring past, 
 Down hurling death and ruin from each military mast. 
 
 Shelling the distant fortress, raking the nearby fleet 
 
 With a hurricane of ruin terrific and complete, 
 
 Brave Admiral Montojo cannot withhold the praise 
 
 The views of such manoeuvres in a shoal-fringed harbor raise. 
 
 And his eyes in admiration dwelt on the deeds of skill 
 
 Of the seamen of the foeman Spain commissioned him to kill. 
 
 His great and only error in disposing his array 
 
 Was strategic evolution to ignore that fatal day! 
 
 Amid the smoke of battle, amid the red war glow, 
 Two engines of destruction, mann'd by the daring foe, 
 Frail seeming, weak in aspect, long, darkly-hull'd and narrow, 
 Lowly speeding, deep in foam, like a swiftly on-urged arrow, 
 
16 TTbe Battle ot Manilla 
 
 Came darting 'mid the storm of metal, missile, shower, 
 Employing to its utmost each propeller's agile power. 
 Those small and sad-hued craft a frightful force enfold 
 Before whose unborn Titans, wombed harmless in the hold, 
 
 The mightiest armored war-ship, whate'er her priceless worth, 
 Touched by those thunder-wielders, safe-delivered at their birth, 
 From the grim tubes of steel we fore and aft espy, 
 Lets flesh and steel and timber in commingling chaos fly. 
 
 Death, hovering darkly near, o'er-drops his funeral wing 
 As our whole fleet's heaviest metal on the two torpedoes swing. 
 Lo! a huge war-headed missile came droning o'er the sea 
 And upheaved, as from a crater when the lava breaketh free, 
 
 Her prow and stern descending, her deck to splinters torn, 
 The nearest craft mid-riven, a spectacle forlorn, 
 Poised high her jagged fractures for an instant o'er the spray, 
 Then disappeared forever in the waters of the bay! 
 
 While a cry of mortal anguish, the death shriek of the brave, 
 Ascended up to heaven from that abyss of the grave; 
 And the waters, grandly rolling, closed o'er their sepulchre, 
 And all a moment after was as if they never were. 
 
 Oh! pause awhile and render the tribute of a sigh 
 
 For those heroic souls who dared, annihilation nigh, 
 
 Though they saw the ghastly spectre and they felt his ghostly breath, 
 
 To accept the fearful hazard, play the hopeless game with Death. 
 
 (For a true heart mourneth ever when falls a gallant foe, 
 And Pity drops her saddest tears when Duty guides the blow. 
 No true man ever glories in the carnage of the fray, 
 Though Principle may urge his arm his fellow man to slay.) 
 
TIbe Battle in tbe Ba^ 17 
 
 They lost it, — and they perished, and their graveless corpses lie 
 Unsought for and unheeded where they dared attempt and die. 
 But while patriotic fire burns in a freeman's breast 
 And deeds of fearless daring admiringly are blessed, 
 
 Immortal is the warrior, though humble he may be, 
 
 If well he serves his country, though 'gainst right and liberty, 
 
 Iberian hearts shall treasure each unforgotten name 
 
 That deathlessly shall linger on the glory-roll of Fame. 
 
 Sped the other craft from danger and sinking gained the shore, 
 Her sides a sieve with gaping holes our hail of shot had tore. 
 And now the conflict deepens and the wild-fire of War 
 Leaped high from deck and mast-head and dane'd on sea and shore. 
 
 And shatter' d mast and shiver'd spar out-flaming, crackling fly 
 As torches fall, Promethean like, down hurling from the sky, 
 Shedding a dim and murky glow where dead and dying lay 
 In mangled masses splashed with gore, limbs torn and sliced away, 
 
 Impaled with splintering wood that flew about like spray 
 When steel projectiles graz'd the decks in that terrific fray. 
 Reflecting added horror down from the dun-gloom on high, 
 On the fiend's work of screaming shells exploding far and nigh, 
 
 While from the ghastly pools that creep o'er decks o'erstrewn with dead, 
 Adown each cruiser's battered side pour rivulets of red 
 To mingle viewless in the tide while fierce war-cry and dying groan, 
 The piteous and the terrible, afar resounding thrown, 
 
 Sounded wild and high to Heaven from the water and the ground 
 A hellish pandemonium of awe-inspiring sound; 
 Like the shrieking of the witch-rout on weird Walpurgis night, 
 Like Einherjar fiercely warring on Valhalla's fields of fight. 
 
18 Ube JSattie of flDanilla 
 
 Like a carnival of demons held in the higher air, 
 And the roars of furious lions from the gloomy jungle lair; 
 And o'er the riven timbers and o'er hulls in ruins laid, 
 With majesty infernal War's with'ring lightnings play'd. 
 
 And guns unmoved for centuries from the moss-crusted wall 
 Were hurled as by Porphyrin's hand and shattered in their fall; 
 And strong walls rose in dust clouds and drifted o'er the land, 
 And gunners writhed and twisted, and frothing bit the sand. 
 
 Oh! the foemen will remember the horrors of that day, 
 When precious life and treasure were reft from Spain away, 
 What time the rav'ning war-hounds slipped the leashes of the Fates, 
 And false Hispania's braggarts felt the strong teeth of the States. 
 
 Oh ye! whose great minds travel far forward of the years, 
 View! view! this scene of slaughter and weep your saddest tears 
 Of pity for the slayer and pity for the slain, 
 For those poor slaves of Error linked in Ignorance's chain, 
 
 The essence of whose manhood, the flower of whose youth, 
 Is trained in schools for slaughter. Oh! melancholy truth, 
 That vigor, health, and intellect waste in the cannon's breath; 
 That man's deliberate cruelty dooms hecatombs to Death! 
 
 Now the hostile fire slackened, and three ships were bright with flame: 
 
 And one lay stranded on the beach, Mindanao was her name. 
 
 Our craft drew off for breakfast, to the fury of the tars, 
 
 Who fumed and swore and grumbled, mad for the feast of Mars. 
 
 The foeman thought us baffled, and raised a joyous shout, 
 But soon his vain rejoicing gave place to anxious doubt. 
 While a space there reigned a silence, a silence chill and drear, 
 Such hush as wraps a city, left when noxious Plagues appear. 
 
Ube Battle in tbe Ba£ i 9 
 
 At a little past eleven the signal was displayed, 
 And with redoubled vigor for the forts and fleet we made. 
 Behind the stout Castillo, moved the Spanish to and fro, 
 Lying in the shallow water, where all large ships might not go. 
 
 A shot transpierced the Baltimore, and others wrecked her deck, 
 And exploded ammunition maimed eight sailors in its wreck, 
 Our only wounded of the day j while in the Spanish fleet 
 A thousand dead, and injured men bore witness to defeat! 
 
 Fire caught upon the Boston, put out 'mid jests and smiles, 
 
 And a shell crashed through her foremast just missing Captain Wildes. 
 
 Of ours, one cut the Reina's pipe, another wrecked her bridge, 
 
 And her masts burnt fast and fiercely as flames a pine-crown'd ridge. 
 
 With two hundred killed and wounded, her bravest sailors dead, 
 Flames fore and aft outstreaming casting round a murky red 
 On the faces of her Captain and her brave surviving crew 
 Still faithful unto duty, a firm unwavering few. 
 
 Her Admiral gave orders to desert the helpless bark, 
 Now doomed our certain target, each huge gun's riddled mark; 
 Cadarso, her stanch captain, struck by a bursting shell 
 While fearlessly exhorting, with a score of heroes fell. 
 
 Montojo quits with saddened eye that hell of smoke and flame, 
 Which never more on sea shall bear, or flag, or Spanish name. 
 While 'round despairing seamen test the mercies of the sea, 
 And strive the distant shore to gain, though chances few there be. 
 
 Not that the prowling monster who haunts the Asian brine 
 
 Is hov'ring near that fated ship with horrible design; 
 
 The harbor-shark has sunk his fin, no more he seeks his prey 
 
 Where bursting shells upheave the wave in fountains o'er the bay. 
 
20 TTbe JSattle of flDamlla 
 
 But the waters seize in cruel gripe many a weaken'd man 
 
 Who might have laughed at that short swim ere ever the fight began; 
 
 Who gazing up to the blue void as from it to implore 
 
 That succor man denied below, drown'd in full sight of shore. 
 
 Amid the fall of blazing wood, a hissing, fiery rain, 
 
 Amid the endless sweep of shot that lashed the furrowing main, 
 
 Bearing his kingdom's banner, erect and void of fear, 
 
 As if each rifled missile's wail was music to his ear, 
 
 'Grimed with the black'ning battle-breath and stain'd and smear'd with blood, 
 
 Montojo, rowed by lusty arms, dares death upon the flood. 
 
 He boards another cruiser, her of Antillean name, 
 
 Now colors from her mast-head his place to all proclaim. 
 
 But scarce a brief three minutes had that defiance waved 
 Than again the hapless leader and such as might be saved 
 Betook them to the boats and sea racked by despair and ire, 
 And left the Isle of Cuba swathed in consuming fire. 
 
 For every great gun in our fleet turned on Montojo's flag, 
 And every plank was splinters and every sail a rag. 
 Those terrible eight-inchers that sent the Reina down, 
 And our markmanship so deadly, add again to our renown. 
 
 So widespread was destruction, our guns were served so well, 
 That the Spaniards dubbed us demons from the nether depths of hell; 
 And superstitious terrors unnerved full many an arm 
 Unshaken by most ghastly sights, and careless of mortal harm. 
 
 Again o'er the tossing water churned by that deathly hail 
 Went the leader of the Spanish, cool, firm, and calm, though pale; 
 Pale for the death of comrades, bewailing inwardly the fate 
 Of the gallant crew and Captain who had trod his deck of late. 
 
TTbe Battle in tbe Bas 
 
 And now the Spanish fire came straggling slow and weak; 
 Into the inmost harbor four vessels steamed to seek 
 And burn or sink or capture all of that damaged fleet, 
 Deriding, or defying, the fort-fire they might meet. 
 
 The Concord and the Petrel, the Boston and Raleigh, 
 Gave the quietus to our foes that glorious First of May. 
 Their fire never slacken' d while a ship was fit for fight 
 And the last red-ribboned orange was flaunted in their sight. 
 
 The Antonio d' Ulloa, ship of that olden time 
 
 When vessels with an iron hull were in their useful prime, 
 
 Pierced by a fateful missile that fired her magazine, 
 
 Rent into shapeless masses, lurched, and no more was seen. 
 
 'Mid the crash of an explosion which deafened with its roar 
 The medley of appalling din that raged on sea and shore, 
 'T was thought two hundred sailors, last moment hale and well, 
 All blacken'd, dead, and dying, with her frightful chaos fell. 
 
 'T was a sight of nameless horror, a fearful sight to see, 
 But the seamen of Columbia gave vent to cruel glee. 
 A ringing cheer, Hurrah! Hurrah! we have aveng'd the Maine 
 And washed that hellish stigma out in the blood of treach'rous Spain. 
 ******** 
 
 The lurid light has died away, the sulph'rous cloud ascends, 
 And with the viewless air above its black-gray curtain blends. 
 The waters claim their fated prey, the dying sink to rest, 
 Benignant calms of Peace o'erspread the bay's enruffl'd breast. 
 
 The sunset's corruscating ray streams a last splendor o'er the bay 
 Glowing, as if in righteous rage, on the sad carnage of the fray; 
 As if in mockery afar that evanescing orb had thrown 
 In red and orange glorying gleam the colors of an humbled throne. 
 
22 XTbe battle ot flDanilla 
 
 The colors raised that morning high now lying trampled o'er, 
 That seven hours of naval strife had swept from ship and shore, 
 As from off Lake Erie's billows in our English wars we swept 
 The fam'd ensign of Great Britain, long the Union Jack y'clept. 
 
 Alas! for the gallant foeman, all sailors true and brave, 
 A thousand dead and wounded redden the wreck-strewn wave. 
 Ah! many a white-hair'd parent and many a dark-ey'd maid 
 Shall drop the tear of sorrow for the hopes of years that fade. 
 
 Perhaps some fair fond form be laid where rests the cypress gloom 
 Who hoped in bridal joys to twine the wreath of orange bloom. 
 Ah ! many a youthful sailor sanguine, brave, and gay, 
 Eager when dawned the morning to mingle in the fray, 
 
 Dreaming of wealth and honors, or the graces of fair girls, 
 
 Cold and awakeless slumbers on the corals and the pearls ! 
 
 His hopes of dazzling promise quenched when flar'd War's beacon high 
 
 And, far from friends and kindred, drawn his lonely parting sigh. 
 
 Such hopes are like the Rose-Mallow, Columbia's loveliest flower, 
 Whose bright hues in the drear swamp born endure a transient hour, 
 And plucked from off their parent stem lie withering in the hand; 
 Thus fades the bright illusive show that makes earth seem fairy-land! 
 
 Long, Cartagena's lasses the pebbly beach shall roam 
 Awaiting those dear lost ones to come in triumph home. 
 In vain Almeria's maidens look seaward from the shore, 
 Their sturdy sailor-lovers will come sailing home no more. 
 
 No more the tender pressure of their sweethearts' lips shall thrill 
 The rose-cheek'd girls of Cadiz or the beauties of Seville; 
 For fair Manilla's waters have quenched those hearts of flame, 
 That gave their loyal life-blood for fatherland and fame. 
 
 ******** 
 
Ube Battle in tbe Ba£ 23 
 
 Ten ships all burned and sunken, nine forts dismantled lay, 
 When the expiring sunlight shone that glorious First of May. 
 Without the loss of ship or man and but one single gun, 
 Our Commodore in that brief space a wond'rous deed hath done. 
 
 Oh! of feats of ghastly daring performed upon the sea, 
 This triumph at Manilla shall the crowning marvel be! 
 We know of old the victory the allied Grecians gained 
 When the blood of Xerxes' host Salamis's wavelets stained, 
 
 And the haughty pomp of Persia, nurtured with silks and gold, 
 Down fell before the pigmy power of a people skill'd and bold. 
 That the Dorian Lysander triumphed o'er Attic pride, 
 When the naval strength of Athens ebbed with Potamus' tide. 
 
 Their hapless youth meshed in the snare the crafty Spartan laid, 
 With thrice a thousand of their lives after the conquest paid. 
 Of many a wat'ry field of strife where Carthage, Rome, and Greece 
 Astounding triumphs gained, compelling speedy peace. 
 
 On the Lake of Maracaibo when there prowled upon the Main 
 A horde of English privateers who scathed the trade of Spain, 
 Under the fire of fort and fleet, jeering the risk thus run, 
 Bold, buccaneering Morgan burnt both bark and galleon. 
 
 At the battle of Trafalgar, Napoleon's sea-star set, 
 But its last ray glittered in the blood the Victory s deck had wet. 
 The blood of France's terror, the blood of England's pride, 
 Pour'd forth to a nation's sorrow when the great Nelson died. 
 
 The victory that crushed the coils by Islam's Sultan wound 
 About an injured people on classic Grecian ground, 
 When the sudden Turkish fire on the boat by Danforth mann'd 
 Hushed the strains of peaceful music from the Asia's merry band. 
 
24 ftbe Battle of Manilla 
 
 And the fire-wasted hamlets and the mulberries of the shore 
 Beheld o'er Navarino star and crescent wave no more. 
 We know the signal slaughter in the great Eastern test 
 When Mongol and Caucasian closed in a death contest; 
 
 Where the Frenchman drown' d the Dragon in the waters of the Min, 
 But vict'ry void of victor' s blood like ours has never been. 
 So Dewey of Manilla Columbia's pride shall be, 
 And rank with Jones and Perry, our heroes of the sea; 
 
 And Fame that casts her halo 'round all of daring name, 
 In her Pantheon near to Nelson will his equal place proclaim, 
 Although the English lordlings, our really secret foes, 
 Our courtiers in prosperity, may bitterly oppose. 
 
 Ho! rear triumphal arches, ho! let the song of praise, 
 Through all the land resounding, our grateful people raise, 
 When fleetly o'er old ocean as a sea-bird skims the foam, 
 Gay with her Asian laurels, comes our Olympia home! 
 
 ffinale 
 
 Now hoist the glorious emblem of a New Republic's reign 
 O'er the islands which Magellan gave to Charles the Fifth of Spain. 
 (Islands ours by right of conquest, islands free forever more, 
 While a soldier grasps a musket or a war-fleet leaves our shore.) 
 
 Now leave them to their free-rule as right and reason say, 
 And warn Europa's harpies, with armaments, away. 
 Now is our chance for glory, — Oppression's banner furl'd, — 
 To make our triumph holy, to wonder-stun the world! 
 
 Eschew the curseful tending to a kingdom and a crown, 
 Fostered by growing armies and upstarts of renown; 
 Renounce the mad ambition that tempts with trade and lands 
 To cast us from the high place our country now commands. 
 
ffinale 25 
 
 For noble is the nation, magnanimous and grand, 
 When prone to her sword of conquest lies a coveted land, 
 From the whispers of Ambition turns scorningly away, 
 Nor seeks to found in Eastern Seas a proud imperial sway. 
 
 Near the stirring naval theatre, the naumachia of the East, 
 Where the Lion, Bear, and Wolf-hound, with malignity increas'd, 
 Surround the dying Dragon, their antiquated prey, 
 And strive to each spoliarium to drag its limbs away. 
 
 Oh! may the time fast hasten when the curse of War shall cease, 
 And o'er one great World-Nation float the flag of endless Peace; 
 And may that flag be ours, the first to glad the sight 
 Of those who welcome Freedom and Universal Right. 
 
 Meanwhile o'er all o'erstreaming the gift of Liberty, — 
 A harbinger of Freedom, — high reared our standard be! 
 Oh! long its stars may glitter, oh! long its stripes may wave, 
 The terror of the tyrant and the glory of the brave. 
 
 That lovely bright-hued banner, upborne by gallant hands, 
 Shall flutter on to victory o'er strife on seas and lands; 
 Victorious prevailing as long as Wealth shall fail 
 To sap the strength of Valor, and Truth and Thought prevail. 
 
 And Manhood rise triumphant o'er the base lure of gain 
 (The curse of prospering nations, their spirit-crushing chain), 
 For such are a nation's sinews, and such have won the day 
 In the Battle of Manilla on the glorious First of May. 
 
NOTES. 
 
 " The Battle of Manilla." 
 
 The author has adhered to the older and alternative orthography ; largely, I imagine, 
 from caprice. Though it would have been more conventional to have spelled the word 
 "Manila," yet it is perfectly correct to use the double "1." " Stor month's" and 
 "Nuttall's" Dictionaries both have "Manilla," and " Zell's" " Johns, on's, and many 
 other Encyclopedias give the alternative. 
 
 " After months of weary waiting, after lingering debates." 
 
 The declaration of war against Spain was much procrastinated. For many weeks it 
 appeared probable that the enormity of the " Maitie" would be condoned like the 
 butchery attendant on the " Virginius " affair in the '70's. The Executive lacked the 
 vigorous spirit and ardor for principle that should animate the head of a great nation ; and 
 fears of offending partisans and disturbing business led him to pursue an uncertain, half 
 conciliatory policy. But popular indignation exerted a powerful pressure, and finally 
 Congress forced our timorous and merchant-spirited ruler to assert the will of the people, 
 and war was declared on the 25th of April, 1898, to have been existing between the United 
 States and Spain since the 21st inst., and the Eastern squadron sailed on the same day 
 from Hong-Kong to Mirs Bay, leaving the latter on the 27th. 
 
 In reality Spain first declared war, our Minister having been given his passports and 
 a decree published in Madrid. 
 
 " 'A r eath the fierce fanatic sway of fifteenth-century Spain." 
 
 It is a lamentable fact, and one that has been productive of most appalling horrors, 
 that the religion, diplomacy, and colonial policy of the Spanish, as well as the mental and 
 moral status and customs of the mass of that people, are closely correspondent to those of 
 the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. And what wonder ? 
 
 Tolerance and unsectarian education alone foster progress, and Spain has never known 
 either in even the most limited degree. Her diplomacy includes the most iniquitous sub- 
 terfuge and treachery, her religion is unbendingly dogmatical and unalteringly inimical to 
 any advancement of the people, since, as in Italy and Ireland, it is by the ignorance of that 
 people the priesthood thrive ; and her colonial administration, corrupt andtyranical to an 
 extreme, can only be realized by one who has perused the pages of the " Hist, de Li Con- 
 quisla" " The South American Republics" the many works treating of the wars waged by 
 the individual States of South America for freedom, the ten years' war in Cuba, and the 
 causes of the outbreak in the Philippines, and who has resided in either Cuba, Porto Rico, 
 the Canaries, or the Philippine Islands for at least a number of months. 
 
 26 
 
IRotes 27 
 
 " Long, Pelayo's ancient country." 
 
 An ancient Spanish hero and prince, who, tradition tells us, was the first king 
 of Spain after the Moorish Conquest. Descended from Chindesuntho of the Visigoths, 
 the former invaders of the country, and at the same time boasting the old Iberian blood, 
 he irresistibly attached to him the remnants of both the Gothic and Spanish peoples, and 
 with their aid, waged unremitting and bloody war on the Moors in the recesses of the 
 Asturian mountains, his standards being usually borne to success. The defeat of a pow- 
 erful army by his few followers in the narrow defile near Cangas de Onis, led to his recog- 
 nition as king by many provinces, and his deed of heroism and wonderful victories, together 
 with the benefits he labored to bestow during the brief intervals of peace upon his afflicted 
 country, have fadelessly glamored his memory. Our knowledge of his life is very meagre. 
 It is supposed he died in 737. 
 
 " Torquemada' s satanic deeds of blood," 
 
 Torquemada, chief of the Inquisition, boaster of the death of 12,000 of both sexes. 
 
 " More ruthless than was A T u>~iez." 
 
 The abominable act constituting the bombardment of an undefended city, such as Val- 
 paraiso was, on March 31, 1866, will always be remembered to the eternal ignominy of 
 Spain and Nunez, her Admiral. In vain the consuls of nineteen nations protested, red- 
 hot shot was poured into an unresisting city for three long hours ; hospitals and churches 
 were not respected, the " Vencedona" devoting her attention almost exclusively to the 
 former, although the Spanish had requested that white flags be placed upon such 
 buildings ! 
 
 Much of Valparaiso was laid in smoking ruins and $10,000,000 worth of property 
 destroyed. 
 
 " That hastened intervention which none might then delay." 
 
 It is doubtful if the " Maine " (which had been sent to Havana to protect American 
 interests in Cuba and also as a demonstration of force) had not been designedly destroyed 
 by a Spanish torpedo, whether any aid would have been extended to suffering Cuba, 
 despite the numerous expressions of sympathy for her ill-used people and disapproval of 
 the barbarous course of Spain. We are a trade-loving nation and there is too great 
 a tendency to "hush up " all that may affect commercial prosperity. But popular senti- 
 ment once aroused, much of this mercenary spirit is flung to the winds. Spain's fiendish 
 act at once awakened patriotism and a desire for revenge in all classes and at the same 
 time deprived the offending country of the support of foreign nations, allied by the ties of 
 race, or interest, many of whom possessing navies themselves, could not countenance by 
 open help so shocking a violation of international law and the ethics of civilization. 
 
 " Woe! Woe ! unto the people when Priestcraft guides the State." 
 
 A most eloquent and truthful denunciation, prophetic of doom, of the church-enslaved, 
 be they Catholic or Protestant. So has it fared with every realm of old, permitting the 
 
28 Ubc Battle of flDanilla 
 
 ministers of religion to obtain the mastery. Nineveh, Babylon, Persia, Carthage, Greece, 
 Rome, Aztec Mexico, Britain, Gaul, where are they? Under the blighting curse of 
 their spiritual rulers, Intelligence, Virtue, Industry, and Patriotism were crushed out 
 of the masses constituting really the State, and then ; then it was but a step to obscurity. 
 
 li A s Coifi smote the idols in old Northumbria s town." 
 
 When the Christian missionaries first penetrated into Northumberland, over which 
 then reigned Edwin, Paulinus, one of these who had come from Kent with Ethelberga 
 the wife of Edwin, was summoned before the assembly of the nobles to expound the 
 tenets of his faith. Coifi, the high priest of the kingdom, declared that never having 
 prospered by the service he had rendered to the old gods, he was impatient to try the 
 new. No sooner had Paulinus concluded his arguments for Christianity than Coifi 
 donned the forbidden armor and seized the interdicted arms of a warrior, and mounting 
 a charger, — all of which a Saxon ecclesiastic was ordered to refrain from, — he rode 
 against a temple consecrated to the gods and containing the principal idols. On hurling 
 his lance at the chief of these and prostrating them, and emerging unscathed by the 
 avenging fires of outraged divinity, the people rushed to his aid and razed the temple to 
 the ground, and Godmundham, the site of the temple, became famous in England. 
 
 ' ' That foretold in flaming trigraph. " 
 
 Count Irensky has undoubtedly coined the word trigraph from tri (three) and grapho 
 (to write). The practice of word-coining to meet exigencies is not to be commended as 
 a general proceeding. 
 
 "All thoughtless of near peril, few engine-fires prepared." 
 
 Montojo appears to have imagined our vessels would not enter Manilla Bay, and if 
 they did by any remote chance succeed in penetrating to the harbor there would be a 
 ship-to-ship contest. But Dewey had no intention of standing still under fire ; evolution 
 offered immense advantages besides greatly protecting his vessels from the enemy's 
 gunners. 
 
 " The God of Victories give to us one brilliant and complete." 
 
 The bombastic proclamation of Governor AUGUSTI may be considered as unique in 
 its style as it is mendacious in its statements. A few extracts follow : 
 
 "The North Americans, made up of all social excrescences, have exhausted our 
 patience and provoked war by their machinations of perfidy, their treacherous acts and 
 their violations of the laws of nations and international conventions. The struggle will 
 be short and decisive. The God of Victories will give to us one as brilliant and complete 
 as the right and justice of our cause demand. Spain, which expects the sympathies of 
 all nations, will emerge triumphing from this final test, humbling and withering the 
 United States adventurers that without cohesion, without a history, offer humanity only 
 infamous traditions and ungrateful spectacles in her chambers, in which only appear inso- 
 
IRotes 29 
 
 lence, slander, cravenness and cynicism. Her squadron, manned by foreigners possessing 
 neither instruction nor discipline, is preparing to come to our archipelago with ruffianly 
 intention, robbing us of all that means life, honor, liberty ! . . . " 
 
 " Vain designs, ridiculous boasts ! . . . You will not permit the faith you profess, 
 to be made a mockery, or impious hands to be placed on the temple of the true God, — 
 the images you adore thrown down by atheism. The assailants shall not desecrate the 
 tombs of your fathers. They shall not gratify lust at the cost of your wives' and daughters' 
 honor, nor appropriate property hoarded to provide for your old age. . . . Filipinos, 
 prepare for the contest, and combined under the glorious flag of Spain, covered with 
 laurels, fight with the conviction that victory will crown your efforts. . . . " — Proclama- 
 tion of April, i8g8. 
 
 ' ' Oh ! slaughtered men by thousands from the twelve hundred isles," et sea. 
 
 The twelve hundred islands are the Philippines. They have never been correctly 
 counted, however, and have been ascertained lately to be still more numerous. 
 
 The entirety of this verse and the ensuing half-dozen is couched in vigorous and 
 laconic expose' of Spanish barbarity and is not in the least exaggerated, as the following 
 facts will prove : The loss of life in the Philippines can never be even approximately 
 known, for men, women, and children were shot down in many of the islands, especially 
 Luzon, like birds or beasts of game. And there and in Cuba squad after squad of merely 
 suspected insurgents were led outside the towns or into the plazas, and being made to 
 kneel, amid the music of military bands, were shot down by soldiers of the line or civil 
 guards. 
 
 Such and more terrible scenes gained Gen. Valeriano Weyler his much-merited 
 appellation of " Butcher." Surely even the ferocious Alva could not have deserved it 
 more ! His shocking inhumanity in forcing a score or more of young girls and women of 
 the best Cuban families to disrobe in the front of his army, and execute dances at the 
 point, nay, the goad, of the bayonet, to the amusement of his soldiers, can never be forgot- 
 ten or condoned, and could a Cuban mob lay its hands on this miscreant to-day, it is 
 assured his life would be as beyond protection in the streets of Havana itself, as was that 
 of the far less hated guerrilla-chieftain who was recently attacked and slain in that city 
 under the very eyes of our police and soldiers. 
 
 The Isle of Pines referred to is a large island south of Cuba, in which many rich 
 mines are worked. Despite its swamps and rank vegetation its climate is not malarious. 
 
 Gen. Antonio Maceo, — one of the most daring and patriotic men that ever yielded 
 up his life for his downtrodden country, — was shamefully entrapped, through the agency 
 of an infamous doctor corrupted by Spanish gold, into an ambuscade under pretence of 
 conference and murdered. Dr. RiZAL, the leader of the Luzon patriots, was betrayed 
 and captured, thrown into prison (where he wrote a poem of merit entitled, " My Last 
 Thought," whose theme is his fatherland, and which will be as immortal as his memory 
 in the hearts of his race, and all friends of Liberty), and subsequently shot. By such acts 
 repeated century after century throughout the ages of her existence does Spain continu- 
 ally renew, while she perpetuates, her infamy. 
 
3 o TTbe Battle of flDanilla 
 
 The " thousand ravished virgins " is no canard, it is an appalling fact. The brutality 
 of the Spanish soldiery (unrestrained by their often no less culpable officers) towards the 
 Cuban females is horrifying. They outraged even little children of that sex on the very 
 roads ! they entered houses and stripped daughters and sisters in the presence of their 
 helpless parents and brothers, made each the prey of dozens, and then when their victims 
 lay in merciful unconsciousness on the floor, applied the torch to the dwellings, of which 
 the charred and smoking ruins were shortly to hide living and dead alike in a fiery 
 sepulchre. 
 
 Nor is the loss of life in Cuba (the " Lizard Isle," so appellated from its curious out- 
 line) overestimated. Fire, famine, exposure, disease, and the exterminating sword, 
 during the last thirty years, have swept away far more than half a million. 
 
 Torture also played its horrible part in Spain's iron despotism. Thumb-screws, the 
 rack, suspending cords, were found in Morro Castle and Cabanas Prison, bearing traces of 
 recent use, thus confirming the statements of Cubans who had affirmed they were sufferers 
 from the application of these instruments of old-time cruelty. The Black Hole referred 
 to constitutes an instance of signal atrocity second only to that of Calcutta. Towards the 
 fall of 1896 a hundred captured Filipinos of Luzon were forced by the Spanish troops 
 into a single small cell in an old fort near the banks of the Pasig River, and during the 
 single ensuing night, the crowding of the multitude, the lack of air, and the effects of 
 thirst destroyed no less than sixty of the unfortunates. 
 
 The subject could be indefinitely prolonged ; but enough has been said to convey an 
 idea to the reader of the character of the nation with whom we were about to war, and of 
 the unspeakable misery of the people under their absolute sway. 
 
 " The Lion of Mobile" 
 Farragut, so called here from his great victory. 
 
 " The Skips and the Men." 
 The author tells me he has forborne to dwell on the captains of the vessels out of 
 respect to their probable wishes. The fanciful picturing of the places from whence the 
 crews came is rather too diffuse, to my mind,— others have highly praised it. 
 
 " Would sink where moored they lay." 
 His vessel and part of his crew did so, but not Captain Olivia ! 
 
 "And thread the narrow passage of the deep-mined Boca Grande. " 
 The Boca Grande is the southern of the three channels leading to Manilla Bay ; it is 
 two miles wide and very deep. It was plentifully mined, but the great depth of the water 
 rendered these defences inert. 
 
 The " ' Olympiad the finest work that shipwrights e'er performed." 
 She is the most admirably built protected cruiser at present in service. 
 
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32 Zbc Battle of tfDanflla 
 
 " From the park-encircled hill top" et sea. 
 
 Washington in the District of Columbia. The States from whence the sailors came — 
 thus typified by their most striking conferred or natural features, or occurrences making 
 them famous— are respectively New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Maine, Califor- 
 nia, Florida, Canada, Alaska, New Mexico, the Tropics of America, Italy, Greece, 
 Germany, Russia, Norway, Switzerland, Great Britain and Ireland, and Turkey. Muir 
 Glacier is the glacier alluded to. The Three Sisters are Canadian mountains overlooking 
 several States. 
 
 " From the old sixth century city" et sea. 
 
 Various provinces of Spain. Most are named in the verses. 
 
 Pedro the Cruel slew his illegitimate brother in the Alcazar of Seville, and the cham- 
 ber is exhibited to this day. The " Red Palace " is the Alhambra, about which a volume 
 of notes could be written. Ferdinand V. conquered and began the expulsion of the 
 Moors, the best of the population of his kingdom, and Philip II. and III. continued the 
 expulsion ; in all 3,000,000 were driven from their homes. Ferdinand also expelled 
 the Jews. Toledo is famed for its steel and Malaga for its grapes ; Madrid for its 
 statues and paintings, and Cordova, the residence of some of the Moorish kings, for its 
 wonderful mosque. 
 
 " Fast Subig's sheltering bay." 
 
 The fleet really entered Subig Bay to seek for Montojo's fleet ; it would, therefore, 
 be more in accord with fact if this line read "forth Jrom" instead of "past." 
 
 " In dark grey rank and file." 
 Our white vessels were painted a dull grey for the war-times, after a Russian idea, 
 this color making them far less conspicuous at sea. Corregidor is the "lofty sentinel 
 isle." 
 
 ' ' Lights in the shell-paned windows. " 
 
 In many portions of Old Manilla and its suburbs large thin plates of sea-shells are 
 inserted in the window sashes instead of glass. As all the mother-o'-pearl is seldom 
 removed from these rudely dressed substitutes, the effect produced by it in the intense 
 sunlight of the tropics is dazzlingly beautiful. 
 
 " And the ' Raleigh ' sent an answer." 
 
 It seems positive that Count Irensky is at fault here, for while in a few instances the 
 " Raleigh " is mentioned as silencing Corregidor, in the vast majority the " Concord" is 
 given the credit. 
 
 " Tlascahis power" et sea. 
 
 Tlascala, a warlike State of Anahuac at the time of the Conquest. Tzompach, a 
 rocky hill overlooking the battle-field, on which the host of Xicotencatl, under the 
 White Heron standard of that chieftain's house, was defeated by Cortez's half-thousand. 
 
IRotes 33 
 
 " The ancient stone cathedral." 
 
 The Cathedral of Manilla is extremely antique and one of the curiosities of the city. 
 
 ' ' Binondo's hundred peoples. " 
 
 A large number of the countries of the world are represented in the inhabitants of, 
 and resorters to, the suburb of Binondo. 
 
 " Loud uttered are the curses and wild the useless rage " et seq. 
 
 Manilla was greatly divided in its sympathies, numbers siding with the Spanish, 
 many welcoming our advent, and still others regarding both representatives of the 
 Caucasian race with gloomy suspicion. 
 
 " For the Yankee hogs are coming." 
 
 These are the verified utterances of the polite Don ! Very much as the English 
 belied us during the Revolution — even representing us as negroes or Indians to the com- 
 mon people. 
 
 " But seasoned in Port Hudson's fire." 
 
 Dewey, then a sub-officer, was rowed in an open boat on the great river in the thick 
 of the Confederate fire, and displayed conspicuous bravery during the whole action. 
 
 " Thtn beat the drums to quarters." 
 The sailors on Spanish warships are marshalled by military music. 
 
 " Two engines of destruction mann'd by the daring foe." 
 This was the only experience of our fleet with the enemy's torpedo-craft. It appeared 
 strikingly to demonstrate the difficulties of a daylight approach, even amid the smoke of 
 an engagement, of these much-vaunted destroyers to watchful and well-armed vessels. 
 The most effectively handled of the two did not succeed in getting within 500 yards, and 
 fire from the military masts of two vessels drove off the other. 
 
 " Iberian hearts shall treasure." 
 Iberia was the ancient name of Spain. The advent of the Iberians is lost in antiquity 
 and their origin is equally vague ; supposedly Eastern, however. 
 
 " Were hurled as by Porphyrions hand." 
 Porphyrion was one of the gigantic Titans who, warring against the gods in the 
 attempt to conquer Heaven, after various feats of muscular prowess, hurled the Island of 
 Elba at the opposing divinities. 
 
 " And strong walls rose in dust clouds." 
 The wonderful efficacy of huge modern ordnance was fearfully displayed in almost all 
 the attacks made by our vessels upon the Spanish fortifications. Walls vanished with all 
 the attendant appearances of the explosion of subterranean mines, and guns, gunners, and 
 the very rock of the foundations mingled in the debris. 
 
34 Ube Battle of fl&anilla 
 
 " Our craft drew off for breakfast." 
 This seems to be unique in the entire record of naval engagements. 
 
 " Of ours, one cut the ' Reina's 'pipe." 
 The " Reina Cristina" was practically ruined at the close of the first attack when 
 she retreated under fire. As she did so her after-boiler exploded from the penetration of 
 a shell and tore up the greater portion of the deck above it. 
 
 " CADARSO, her staunch captain, struck by a bursting shell. ," 
 Cadarso, who fought with astonishing bravery, remained aboard, say many concerned 
 in the battle, long after Montojo had been rowed to the " Isla de Cuba" The same shell 
 that deprived him of life sent the souls of half a hundred of his crew into eternity. 
 
 " Not that the prowling monster." 
 Sharks are numerous in almost all Eastern harbors about the Indian Ocean and the 
 Chinese seas, some small in size, others, like the white shark, of great magnitude and 
 ferocity. The explosion of shells or the roar of cannon has been known in several 
 instances to even compel them to abandon their prey. 
 
 " And superstitious terrors unnerved full many an arm." 
 It would be difficult to find a more superstitious people than the Spanish of all classes 
 except perhaps the priesthood who inculcates it. Gross credulity attends upon ignorance, 
 and but one in every three of the inhabitants of Spain are able to read and write ! 
 
 " The Antonio d' UUoa, ship of thai olden time." 
 First reported to be the " Juan de Austria." But the latter only burned and sank. 
 
 " The Concord and the Petrel, the Boston and Raleigh." 
 The two latter could not enter the shallow harbor and finally turned back. To the 
 little "Petrel" belongs almost the entire credit of the final destruction of the gunboats and 
 damaged vessels, therein. 
 
 " As from off Lake Erie's billows in our English wars we swept." 
 Sept. 10, 1812. Commodore Perry defeated the British under Barclay, and remained 
 master of the lake. Loss : Americans, 123, killed and wounded ; British, 135. 
 
 " Long, Cartagena' s lasses — 
 Cartagena, Almeria and Cadiz are more or less flourishing seaports of Spain. 
 
 " Ten ships all burned and sunken — " 
 The loss to Spain has been variously estimated, probably about $8,000,000 is nearest 
 the truth. But far more important to her was the loss of prestige at the very beginning of 
 the war, nothing so much chilling the ardor of soldiers and seamen as an initial defeat, 
 and beside this, the deprival of the treasure house of her kingdom, the Philippines. 
 
ffiOtCS 35 
 
 " Oh ! of deeds of ghastly daring performed upon the sea " et seq. 
 
 The victory of Euribiades and Themistocles, commanders of the Grecians at 
 Salamis, cost the victors but few ships and lives. That of Lysander, the Spartan, was 
 more a butchery than a battle, for, after deceiving the Athenian generals into heedlessness 
 of menace, by repeated threatenings of attack which eventuated in nothing, he suddenly 
 precipitated his whole forces upon them when most of the soldiers of their triremes were 
 on shore. Most of the Athenian youth captured were cold-bloodedly executed. Morgan 
 lost few men in his daring raid on Maracaibo, while the Spanish mortality was more than 
 several hundred, despite their large fleet and castle. At Trafalgar, in which the French 
 fleet was all but annihilated, the loss of life was very great on both sides, and in the con- 
 flict at Navarino the English and allies did not sweep the Turks from the waters without 
 suffering a loss of 179 killed themselves. 
 
 Nor did the French, in destroying the fleet of China in the Min River, escape scath- 
 less. But in this victory in Manilla Bay we behold nearly 1800 opposed to about 2500 
 men, and the ships and forts of the latter totally destroyed without the loss of a life to the 
 former. It is unparalleled in history ! 
 
 " The islands which Magellan gave to Charles the Fifth of Spain." 
 
 Magellanos (or Magalhaens) discovered the Philippines in 1521, and raised the 
 flag of Spain upon them. Subsequently he was slain in an encounter with the natives of 
 Matan, his, therefore, being the first Caucasian blood outpoured on the soil of these so 
 long misgoverned islands. 
 
 " A r ow leave them to their free rule." 
 
 This is indeed a noble admonition to our country. The United States is embarking 
 on an entirely novel and perilous policy in coercing the Filipinos and instituting a colonial 
 system in the islands in Eastern waters, so near those Powers which bear such strained re- 
 lations to each other on account of jealousies aroused by the continual forcible annexations 
 of portions of China, feebly concealed under lengthy "leases" and dubious" concessions." 
 What will be its outcome is difficult to conceive. Time alone will show. It may be one 
 of the great civilizing steps indirectly ordained by the mysterious power directing the uni- 
 verse, to blend together the peoples of the earth, and utterly erase the barbarian and 
 semi-civilized nations. It is not the intention of this poem to attack the Government, but 
 to glorify the victory of Manilla, which has at any rate demonstrated the virility of our 
 people, the value of our navy and the weakness of a nation under the domination of 
 bigotry and superstition, opposed to Free Thought and Progress.