mm 5^a9 srV^"^ >t\9S.'S^S»^£iffii£- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. Chap£.S.5:.l Copyright No : Slielt.SLl5.... UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. ERRATA. Page 33, sixth line from bottom, should be its brinv breast, not her briny breast. Pa.ffe 46, third line from boltoiu. should be slaughter, not slaughter. Page 68; under the cut should be Dr. Eiliv Janson , not Eliiv. Page S6, thirteenth line from top, should be the 31st of May, iSSg, not 1894. Page 93. tenth line from top. should be e.famen. not exaniin. Page 115, third line from top (in some of the copies), should be successful, not sucsessful. Page 196, under the cvit (in a few copies) should be Fatrhaven, not Fairhavan. Page iqg twelfth line (in a few copies) should be reconnoitcred, not reconnitered. Page 20S. second line from bottom, should h^ legislature, not legislation. SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC, PUGET SOUND. BY THOS. OSTENSON STINE, B. S. p. O. Box 599. Seattle, Wasli. AN EVENING ON PUGET SOUND. A vocal stretch of sapphire glow, A sunset radiance of melted gold, Where silvery ripples softly laugh. Making music the whole night through. In a livery of green thy banks proudly stand, The weeping pine and mocking hemlock Lay shadows on thy starry breast. Where loving breezes play. High in the clouds rear the snow-capped sentinels. Listening to thy melancholy chimes, At their feet smile the lilies, And through the deep blue sail the sea-gulls. Copyright, 1900. L . L Ibrtry of COBKr»l% Offlec of tb« MAY1219U0 Reglitar of Capyrlfbtft 61513 W 141900 5 '-m m \ Amikkw Ciiii.nKKi;. TO ANDREW CHILBERG, Consul (or Sweden and Norway and President of the Scandinavian-American Bank of Seattle, As a Token of Respect for Your Friendship and Your Integrity of Character, 1 Dedicate this Volume. Thos. O. Stine. Dk. i\AK JaNSoN. An Eminent Surgeon of Seattle. PREFACE. On solicitation of prominent Scandinavian-Americans, a year ago, I undertook to write a volume or two, entitled, "Scandinavians on the Pacific." At the launching of this idea an untold number rallied around me with sweet ton- gues, but many who pretended to furnish historical data fabricated delusive smiles of impertinent selfishness. Others, however, have been frank in ushering kind assistance. The author is indebted to the following gentlemen for willing advice and information: John Blaauw, Editor of Tacoma Tidende, Tacoma; George Bech, Author of "Haeng Ham," etc., Seattle; Rev. T.J. Moen, Fairhaven, and N. P. Leque, Stanwood. T. O. S. loKi^ o CONTENTS. Introduction. ClIArTER I. The Pacific Coast. Ch.vptick II. The First .Scandinavian Pioneers. Chaptkr III. Scandinavians in Seattle — Pioneers and Prominent Citizens. Chaptkr IV. Scandinavians in Seattle — Societies — Press — Prominent Citizens- Churches. Chapter V. Scandinavians in Ballard. Chapter VI. Scandinavians in Tacoma. Chapter VII. Scandinavians in Tacoma — Societies — Press — Prominent Citizen.s- Churches. Chapter VIII. Scandinavians in Everett. Chapter IX. Scandinavians at Stanwood. Chapter X. Scandinavians in Stillaguamish Valley. Chapter XI. Scandinavians at Cedarhorae. Chapter XII. Scandinavians in Skagit Valley. Chapter XIII. Scandinavians in Bellingham Bay. Chapter XIV. vScattered Scandinavian Communities— Poulsbo and Other Places. - ) ■ -J', '■■'•■ ' U Ir >rf:#l ■TTTTI .V- --.> - > ' 'S ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Anderson, C. G. W 76 Anderson, J. F 184 Anderson, Graebert 94 Anderson, Oscar 78 A Group of Representative Ladies. . Arntson, J. M 120 A Scene of Pioneer Life 39 A Rustic Bridge 106 Another Scene of the Wenatchee. . . 29 A Puget Sound Cedar 23 A Miner at His Cabin 32 A Musician on Skagit River 194 A Scene in the Washington Woods. 31 A Scene in the Harbor of Seattle .. . 51 A Scene in the North Pacific An Island near Whatcom 25 Bank, Scandinavian-American 53 Bennie, jr., D. G 153 Bech , George 92 Blaauvv, John 129 Bull, Prof. Olof no ChiDjerg, Andrew, Frontispiece Christensen, Lars and Wife 204 Crogstad, Andrew N 186 Crogstad, Mrs. Wilhelmina A 187 Coltora, M. 155 Church, N. D Baptist 99 Church, N. D. Lutheran 95 Cliurch, Swedish M. E 96 Church, Swedish Baptist 98 Church, Stanwood, N. D. L. . 144 Eggan, James 90 EugS. S 72 Leque, N. P 141 Lindberg, Gustaf. 122 Lundberg, A 74 Mining Scenes 34 Moldstad, N. J 193 Mt. Baker 196 Mt. Rainier 108 Mt. Index 21 Morling House 182 Nelson, N. B 63 Nicklason, G 175 Nogleberg, John 82 Nogleberg's Studio 81 Orphan's Home 207 Pacific Lutheran University 132 Prestlien Bluff 166 Pioneers Among Wild Beasts 169 Quevli, Dr. C 114 Ranch, Jorgen Eliason's 202 Residence of Olaf Rydjord 151 Residence of N. M. Lien 150 Rosling, Eric Edw 118 Rynning, Dr. J. L ., Ii6 Rude, H. P. and P'amily. 59 Rialto Block 64 Stanwood L. M. Sangkor 145 Stanwood Creamery 152 Samson , S 1 24 Sandahl, C.N 70 Sandegren, T 131 Steamer Advance 206 Soelberg, Axel H 66 Skagit River 18 Snoqualmie Fall 27 The Cedarhome School 172 The Norman School. 165 Thompson, S. A 147 The Baltic Lodge 85 The 17th of May Committee 88 The Chilberg Family 48 The Wild Wenatchee 28 The University of Washington 36 Walters, Carl O 178 Wonderful Scene on the G. N A GUOUr OF RlCPRliSKNTATIVl! I.AIlIKS. INTRODUCTION, \'iking brave ou land or sea, Dauntless hero of liberty, While ages hang on bearded clay, Among the great thy name shall sway. Chroniclers shall paint thee in shades resplendent, Th}' fame as the pine shall sway independent. Nations shall rise from lethargj' old To tune the feats of the Norsemen bold. Suns of the South reflect th}' rays, They breathe thy prowess on wild-flying sprays. But their light shall wane with ages to come, The stars of the future shall pale proud Rome. The foam-crest brine thy daring spells, Thy wings have climbed impetuous swells, In tempests wild o'er main afar, Thy only guide the burning star. Iceland and Greenland hast thou found. With valor to th\' honor crowned, The Faroes in the salty deep, And others that in the ocean sleep. 14 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. Thy scepter has on Sicih' swayed, Thy brawny arms with Albion played, And Normand}' to thy venture shines. With royal courts and eglantines. Beyond the sea maid's unkempt hair, Lay forests rich and jewels rare, Undreamt b}' kings of fame and power, "For the shore," shoiits Leif, "spite storm and shower." I iiilaitd for the Norseman brave, The honor he to his country gave, Born with thee, an unknown strand, America, sweet freedom's land. From "A;/ Ode to the Land of the li kings.'''' — Stiiie. The author does not aim to lift the Scandinavians into an air of ungained merit, he does not aim to clothe them with undeserved encomium, but seeks to paint their dues in a straightforward way, thoughtless of sailing the sea of h3-per- bole, or entering any strait of unearned exploit. In order, however, to give the reader a clear conception of the spirit, the intrepidity, the characteristic worth of the northern peoples, my pen cannot refrain from plowing into the annals of the past. History is plain and authentic on the subject, and the same chivalric blood ebbs through the veins of the Vikings to da^' as of 3'-ore. They have shared and do share the burdens of adventure, discover}- and coloni- INTRODUCTION. 15 zation. Thev have nurtured their sous and daughters with patriotic zeal, and unfurled to their love the folds of freedom. They have braved the foam-crest waves minus compass and sympathy — stars of night and sun of da^- guided them over the traceless billows. Their dauntless sails have wafted in sun and storm from shore to shore and woven together distant climes. Froui the dawn of navigation and soldiery the Scandi- navians have evinced skill and dexterity, filled with a Mhim to roam, see and conquer. They were, perhaps, sometimes rough in their daring expeditions, but alwa^-s actuated with a will to plant the scepter of liberty and to raise the standard of civilization. In S6o the valorous Naddodd discovered Iceland, and fourteen years later a republic form of government was estab- lished, which flourished four centuries. In 984 Erik The Red discovered Greenland, and in the name of his native country, Norvva}', took possession of the frozen territory, and unfolded to the l)reeze the banner of liberty. "To the West! To the West!" thought Leif Erikson, son of Erik The Red, "spite waves and breakers," and in the year 1000 pointed the bow of his bark for the shore of Amer- ica, landed at Helluland, now known as Newfoundland. He reconnoitered the coast as far south as Massachusetts, and christened the New World, / 'inland. Not here do the Vikings stop. In 1002 Thorwald Erik- son set sail for Vinland, spent three years exploring the 16 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. green-clad banks of New England with zealous desire to unveil to his countrymen the characteristic features of the new possession. In a collision with the Skrsellings (Indians) his precious life was blown out, the first European to succumb to the arrows of the red race. Not here do their voyages for the New World cease. The sagas plainly picture their pilgrimages across the howl- ing waste for Vinland in 1005, 1007, loii, 1121, 1347. True, the Scandinavians have been heroes on sea, but no less so on land. King Gustavus Adolphns, of Sweden, poured his life blood on the battlefield of Lutzen, not for militar}^ glor}', but to liberate millions of innocent souls from the fire of tyranny, the poisonous hands of the chief of superstition, the narrow-minded Philip XL, of Spain. He was not onl}' a military geniits but the father of his people, a benefactor of humanity. In 1638 a company of Swedes colonized in the New World, who made the hills and forests of Delaware ring with the music of their picks and axes. As j-ears rolled by emigration started from Sweden, Norwaj'' and Den- mark. The wilderness of America was their object, the building of homes their love. They braved the interior, fought the lion and the bear, conquered the frowning forests and subdued the spreading prairies. First huts of logs and sods, then qiiaint dwellings rose to mark their energy. Fields and gardens smiled, school-houses reared the air, and happj- lads and lasses pranced their wa}' to school INTRODUCTION. 17 to drink freely from the fountain of knowledge. Home, sweet home echoed from rocks and trees. The frontier was their chance, and thither they steered their lots. They knew how to swing the axe and use the hoe, climb mountains and make themselves contented in the most hazardous exposure. What to them the soft pillow? when a stone was near at hand. They slept under the blue sky and drank health from the floating. clouds. A home for my son and daughter, or my sweetheart, gave them fresh courage. Not only a home, but a pleasant home in a congenial clime, where the heaven smiles serenel}-, where the rose-bud bursts and thrives the year round. Thunder aud cyclones had shaken their tranquilitv. More peaceful air, tired of the friction and disagreement in the upper regions, and fire that seems eager to eat the whole firmament. Away from the boisterous thunderbolts which make it a business to blast and burn every cloud. "To the West! Sweet Westland! " rolled in their souls, where the air is pure, where the birds sing, where the scenery is grand. To the West ! Sweet Westland ! where freedom reigns, Where forests clothe the untrod plains, And flowers and fragrance blow Beneath peaks of crystal snow. Sweet Westland ! broad and free. How I love to dwell in thee ! Where jeweled brows look o'er the lea, And rhyming streams leap down to the sea. 18 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. Where man is himself and courts no king, And axes swords, and bloodless swing. Sweet Westland ! broad and free, How I love to dwell in thee ! Skagit River Near Sedro-Woolley. To the West ! Sweet Westland by the sea, Where music swells the wooded lea. Where work is plenty and wealth to gain In clearing land and planting grain. Sweet Westland! broad and free, How I love to dwell in thee! The Author. THE PACIFIC COAST. CHAPTER 1. High aud noble stands the Rock}', looking downward, where jeweled brows hang, where silvery waves make music on the deep, or the sea maid shakes her streaming locks. As early as 1513 the brave Balboa hurled his exploring eyes over the watery waste and in the name of Spain declared the dis- covery of the mighty ocean. But, alas ! the valorous Spaniard received only scoff and scorn for his adventure and hardship, and at last the cold world saw fit to lead him to the judgment block for the unknown depth beyond. A later date, in 1592, Juan de Fuca, a Greek pilot, in the service of Spain, discovered the beautiful strait which bears his name, the gateway to the picturesque Puget Sound. In 1789 Captain Kendrick, an American explorer, was recon- noitering along the Pacific coast, entered the Strait of Fuca, steered his boat into the Strait of Georgia and Queen Char- lotte Sound, and depicted the characteristic features of the land-locked waters. In 1S04 the United States government sent the Lewis and Clark expedition across the Rocky to ascertain more minutely as to the climate and the feasibility for settlement. When the country was explored, and a sprinkling of pioneers had spread themselves in the most favorable local- ities, tidings of the complication between our government and Great Britain reached them. War clouds were hanging 20 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. in the air prognostic of determining the ownership of their terra firma. An amicable settlement, however, was brought about and the present boundary between Washington and British Columbia was fixed. A petition was sent to Congress praying for closer relationship in the Union, and in 1S53 the Territor}^ of Oregon was organized. The flux of immigration fast settled the attractive sylva on the Sound and the rolling prairies east of the Cascades. The Territory being too large, and the country north of Columbia was sliced off and made to struggle for itself. The promoters of the scheme were vigi- lant and got things to move their own way, and after all, they didn't do anything worse than to give this vigorating child of Uncle Sam the ever-cherished appellation Washington. MY WASHINGTON. Beautiful Evergreen, home of the free. Sunshine of my fancy thee, Where fragrance swells the breeze, And freedom rings from rocks and trees. M}^ Washington, sweet gem of the sea, Land of the future, and home of the free. I love thy peaks in twilight hue. In silver rays rear to my view, I love thy brooks, thy laughing fjord, Th}' waving fields in grain of gold. My Washington, sweet gem of the sea. Land of the future, and home of the free. THE PACIFIC COAST. 21 ^ 22 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. I love thee, my land, I'll serve thee true, I'll look for thy wants, I'll be with you, Through sun and storm my heart is thine, Sweet hills of fir and vine. My Washington, sweet gem of the sea. Land of the future, and home of the free. We've plenty of soil, silver and gold, Aye, fields and forests of wealth untold, Only our hearts for thee could rise, Of thee I sing, my paradise. My Washington, sweet gem of the sea, Land of the future, and home of the free. The scenery of Washington is grand and inviting. The Cascade runs through the bosom of the state, cutting her in twain, and throws his rugged spurs into Oregon and Cali- fornia. The majestic Rainier rears through the clouds to a height of 14,444 feet, wearing a hood of perpetual snow, which changes to a verdant fringe as it runs downward, cloth- ing his feet with evergreen. Mount x^dams has pushed his head upward 12,902 feet, and Baker has reached an elevation of 10,814, while St. Helen stopped 9750 feet above sea level. To the westward is a less conspicuous attraction, the Coast Range, which skirts the ocean and varies in height trom 3000 to 4000 feet. Between these mountain ranges sweeps a fertile basin, carpeted with an unparalleled forest, fir, cedar, spruce and hemlock rise skyward to a skeptical THE PACIFIC COAST. 23 "^^ A PpGET Sound Ci-:dar. 24 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. giddiness. Some stretch their' forms 300 feet into the air. Logs are piled upon one another, sleeping like angry mam- moths at the feet of gigantic trees. The more tender offsprings shoot up between these lazy monsters, and some take delight to grow on their deca3-ing frames. Into the fleecy clouds the noble firs stand. Their austere forms spread shadows on the strand, And music floats on high. From silver}' waves to the sk}-. Where tender shoots in gladness smile On moss-bearded logs in pile; Abreast with flowers they grow and swaj- In sisterhood from day to da}-. The fjords of Xorwa\- are sublime, and Puget Sound is equall}' so. What can be more soul-stirring and soul-inspir- ing than a merr}- sheet of water rippling for hundreds of miles into a land of verdure, making sweet music da}' and night ? What can be more angelic and soothing to the soul than the songs of the waves ? Where can you find more poesy than in the pearl-set crests rolling like melted gold upon gilded pebbles ? A clittering, clattering steal through the air, even in the calm of night dulcet strains come to cheer the ear. A soft whisper seems to spring from ever}^ flower. The forest is alive with melodies, hills and mountains echo back the harps of the deep. THE PACIFIC COAST. 25 26 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. Sing loud ye waves of dancing pearls, Leap frisk ye winds from heaven's throat, For the jeweled strand. Melodious land. Laugh ye fir, spruce and hemlock, Play ye breezes with their wings, In freedom's air, In sun so fair. Smile ye flowers in gladness free, I kiss your lips and love you true. Sweet daisies mellow, In coats of 3'ellow. Burst ye rose-buds to a fresh-born day. And drink from heaven's eye serene. Sweet beams of rainbow tint. Emblems of God, I weep and wait. ' Lift high your heads ye stately hills. Scatter smiles where music floats, By the opal sea. The land of the free. Rivers and falls are no less sublime than the Sound, and compare in grandeur with the famous streams and cataracts of Switzerland and Scandinavia. The Columbia ranks with the most picturesque rivers in the world, being of great value to commerce, fleets of steamers ride on its bosom day and night THE PACIFIC COAST. 27 I'.y (.-ouitfsy oClhe (Jn-at Norilierit. SNoyuAi.MiE Kai,i,. 28 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. with merchandise from foreign climes, and grain, fruit and other produce raised west of the Rocky. Snoqualmie, Sno- homish, Skagit and others are also navigable and invite the attention of wonder-seekers. "'''>»^<: The WiLt> Wenatchek anp the Creat Northern in Tumwater Canyon. Snoqualmie fall is one of nature's masterpieces, and be- speaks grandeur and sublimit^'. The water shoots into the air, tumbles down a royal precipice, whirls, foams and splashes, fills heaven with thunder and the soul with awe and THE PACIFIC COAST. 29 admiration. The Tumwater fall is likewise grand and awe- inspiring, stunning in music and bewitching in scenery. Storms seldom visit the Pacific, and thunder rarely finds a rich medium in the balm}' clouds. But, terror ! when a Anothkr Scen'p; of the Wenatchee and the Great Northern in Tumwater Canyon. Storm is propagated on yonder deep, and sets the ocean boiling and shivering up shallow bays, and springs into the forest like an unchaimed demon, then the whole heaven shakes and trembles. Firs and cedars tumble like dead giants, knocking 30 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. each other to the ground in the fashion of heartless heathens. Blasts upon blasts swell through the air and roll along the mountain ridges not dissimilar to Jove's chariot. Ay, you speak of awe aud fright when a prairie fire gets sway on the Central Plain, but when the guest of good and evil gains access to the Washington forest in the month of August or September a hell is witnessed similar to that painted by ranting trumpeters. Flames rise skyward and with the aid of winds set the trees ilaring and howling as in the clutches of a thousand devils. The fertility of the Pacific forest is something incredulous, the quantity and quality of lumber produced are astounding to all not familiar with this country. Even a conservative estimate would make many curious speculators drunk with figures. In the State of Washington forests spread over thirteen million acres of land. West of the Cascades is a stretch of ten million, clothing hills and dells from Canada to Columbia river with valuable fir, cedar, spruce, pine, hemlock and tam- arack, while on the east side three million acres of forest land are scattered along the rivers and mountain slopes. Saw mills and shingle factories are being kept bus}' the year round. More than one billion feet of lumber are turned out annually and shipped to all parts of the globe. The shingle industry is something phenomenal. Factories are whistling and piping everywhere throughout the cedar dis- tricts, and thousands of men find lucrative employments. THE PACIFIC COAST. 31 A ScENe IN THE Washington Woods. Mining is an important pursuit, rugged brows smile with independent richness. Moss-bearded ledges of the precious metal run into tlie heart of the Cascades. The Index districts teem with mineral wealth, and Lake Chelan shines with doubtless yields. Iron ore rests in the bosom of the Sound country from the green feet of old Rainier to the dashing waves of the Pacific. As you cross the divide for Eastern 32 SCANDINAVIANS OX THE PACIFIC. •"■'^llPfej^.'"^ A Mixer at His Cabin. Washington, you find pa^'ing veins running in different direc- tions. Coal is a natural consequence, which in no manner puzzles the minds of geologists. From days of vore luxuri- ant vegetation has robed plains and valle3'S to impenetrable density. The death of rich forests has built beds of astonish- ing thickness, and the formation of coal has resulted to a marked degree. Agriculture and horticulture invite attention. The roll- ing prairies between the Rocky and the Cascades are especially adapted for the raising of cereals. Wheat yields from 50 to THE PACIFIC COAST. 33 . 75 bushels per acre, oats from loo to 125, rye from 60 to 80. Irrigation has been practiced with wonderful success around Wenatchee. The feasibility of applying nature itself is remarkable. Here and there meander silvery streams of clear water, which are made to spread over fertile tracts of land at any time, and to an}- part wanted. No longing for showers to quench and sweeten the thirsty soil bothers the farmer in this section. Irrigation is so easil}' practiced, and the crops tlius raised are so enormous, ma}- it be grain or fruit, that the east- ern agriculturist cannot conceive our natural advantages. Why linger on the hun, 3^ i I < = — X o \ = bo THE FIRST SCANDINAVIAN PIONEERS. 49 he still resides, slow!}' wearing out the balance of his 3'ears. Charles John Chilberg (not John Charles as shown under the illustration). — White with a wealth of snowy locks, and seven-and-four scores of years hanging on his back, j'et nimbly he frisks about on his beautiful farm at Pleasant Ridge, Skagit count}-. This aged pioneer of unusual endurance and grit, keen intellect and warm soul, was born in Halland, near Laholm, Sweden, 1S13, came to America, 1846, and located in Iowa. In :86o he visited Pike's Peak, Colorado, and in 1S63 left his family again, a loving wife and children, for the West with a view to find a more congenial clime. For sometime he traveled in Mon- tana, crossed the Rocky, and came to Puget Sound, 1865. The sweet-scenting forest and the balmy heaven awakened his love for perambulation of the Pacific, from British Co- lumbia to the Golden State. He resolved to make his future abode west of the Cascades, and in 1S69 returned to Iowa to remove his family to Washington, arriving at Pleasant Ridge the following spring. Mrs. Charles John Chilberg and three of her sons, Joseph, John H. and Charles F., came to the Pacific in the spring of 187 1, and Isaac and B. A. a few months later. James P. Chilberg has climbed the horizon of pioneer adventures. In 1859 he landed in California, in 1864 traveled in Oregon, and in 1870 beheld the rippling Sound and the Washington forest. In 1872 Nelson Chilberg took a surve}' of the Pacific and 50 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. three years subsequent his brother Andrew threw his eyes upon the mighty ocean. Andrew Nelson. — A jolly fellow, familiarly known as Dogfish Nelson, was among the first Scandinavian pioneers. He was born in Denmark, 1832, and landed as a sailor at Port lyudlow in 1S67. Like man}^ others he was attracted by the count rj', and to drive away monoton}- took an Indian woman for wife, as white women were almost unknown on the coast at that time. Nelson has encoun- tered many obstacles in his cruising among the red skins and fierce brutes, but always managed to pla}' the hero. He has been industrious and convivial, and a flowery nest in Brown's Ba}' bespeaks his rank. Hans Hansen, a Dane, who resides at Alki Point, near Seattle, has earned a footing among the early Scan- dinavian pioneers. His 3"ears on the Pacific reach pretty nigh two scores. Knut Knutson, a native of Norwav, and also a resident of Alki Point, came to Puget Sound over thirty years ago, and has passed through days of sun and storm. C. K. Norager, likewise of Norse birth, places his disembarkation on the Pacific about fort}^ years back. SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. CHAPTER III. Seattle, the metropolis of Washington, and the busiest city on the Pacific coast, has a romantic history, as well as a histor}' of thrift and progress. Thirty-five years ago only a few log cabins set on the shore of Elliott Bay, inhabited by a handful of pioneers. Bears and cougars danced around their huts, and Indians skulked in lazy A SCFNE IN THE HARHOR OF SEATTLE. hordes at their threshold. How changed! to day the Queen city is spread over about fifty square miles of land, over- looking the melodious Puget Sound, and dots the green borders of three fresh-water lakes with snug cottages. She has a papulation of about 85,000, of which a large per cent are Scandinavians. 52 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. The first Scandinavian that visited Elliott Bay, of which we have any authentic account, was Peter Friberg, formerly mentioned. Shortly after came C. E. Norager and others referred to in the previous chapter. Charles John Chilberg made a siirvej' of the bay in 1865, when only a saw mill and a sprinkling of shanties marked the presence of white men. In 1S69, Edward Gunderson, a native of Norway, crossed the Rocky to make Seattle his future habitation, which was then in its early embryo. The same year, Amund Aniunds, born in Racine county. Wis., of Norwegian parents, removed to the city from Cowlitz county where he had disembarked two years prior. Amunds grew opulent and invited the love of all his associates. He was director and first vice-president of the Scandinavian-American Bank of Seattle, and heavily interested in real estate. He was an energetic worker in the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and received the highest honor — Grand Receiver of the jurisdiction of Washington. He died four years ago and his funeral was a solemn event. In 1S72, Nelson Chilberg, son of Charles John Chilberg, made an appearance, and three years later his brother An- drew was attracted to the coast, as referred to in the previous chapter, and started the first Scandinavian store in Seattle, in company witli J. P. Chilberg. The prospect was glit- tering and ere a year had died Nelson joined them in grocer j^ business, the firm being Chilberg Brothers. Andrew Chil- berg soon rose to popularity, became one of Seattle's most prominent citizens, and an honor to the Scandinavians. SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 53 He was born in Laholm, Sweden, March 29, 1845. When a lad of one 3'ear he crossed the Athmtic with his parents, settling near Ottunnva, Iowa, where he received his early 54 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. education in the common schools. In iS6o he left Ottumwa with his father and older brother, Nelson, for Pike's Peak, Colorado, remaining two 3'ears, then returned to Iowa. In 1S63 he crossed the Rocky with a wagon train, arriving in Sacramento after a journey of five months, September 24th. His health was harassed by exposure and hardship in cross- ing the plains, and as an alternative of recovery worked on a farm two 3'ears. Mr. Chilberg was anxious to complete his education, and in 1866 returned to Iowa via Nicaragua and New York. After taking a course in college he obtained a teacher's certificate and engaged in teaching, but abandoned the profession after three years of successful experience to enter a more lucrative position in Ottumwa. In 1S57 he jour- neyed to Seattle, where he still resides, embarking in grocery business in company' with his brother, the firm being Chil- berg Brothers. Three 3-ears subsequent to his arrival in the city, he was elected to the cit^- council, in 1879 appointed vice-consul for Sweden and Norwa}-, in 1882 chosen county assessor, and in 1885 intrusted with the responsibility of citv treasurer. In 18S6 he was named city passenger and ticket agent for the Northern Pacific Railroad, but resigned, 1892, to aecept the presidency of the Scandinavian-American Bank of Seattle. In 1S96 he was elected to the board of education, and the following year assumed the presidential chair. He was married to an estimable lady, Miss Marj- Nelson, in Iowa, November 5, 1S74. They have one son, Eugene, who is a young man of fine training, being educated in the Seattle SOANDINANIANS IN SEATTLE. 55 High School, Washington Agricultiiral College and School of Science, and Washington State University. Peter Wickstrom. — With the first brigade of Scandi- navians, Peter Wickstrom marched in the front rank. He was born in Sweden, 1837, arrived in St. Paul, Minnesota, 1868, and four years later beheld the city of Portland, Oregon, and the same year located in Seattle. Louis and Henry Peterson. — The Peterson brothers were among the earh- Scandinavians and the first to engage in the art of photography in the city of Seattle. The}' were born in Norwa}' but sailed for America while j-oung boys, arriv- ing in Chicago, 1857, where they resided nineteen years, leaving for Seattle, 1876. Martin C. Mortensen. — Mortensen was a native of Den- mark, and arrived in Seattle the same year as the Peterson brothers. He came to America, 1S68, and two \'ears later landed in San Francisco, spending six 3-ears in that city, then journeyed northward. Christian C. Plough. — Vice-Consul Christian C. Plough is one of Seattle's most highly respected citizens. He was born in Denmark, 1825, and came to America, 1868, selecting Chicago for his first stopping place, but after two months of abode in the Windy City he removed to Nebraska, where he stayed one j-ear. The Pacific was his aim and thither he went, disembarked in Olympia, via San Francisco b\- boat, 1872, where he remained three weeks. Portland, Oregon, had attracted considerable attention as a city of business prospect, 56 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. and Plough agaiu picked together his effects to resume an- other journey. He stayed in Portland three years then re- moved to Seattle. In 1883 he was appointed \-ice-consul for Denmark, served with honor until 1895 when he was com- pelled to resign on account of ill health. Christian Geerstsen, a man of honor and intelligence, came to America in company with Plough, and also arrived in Seattle together. He was born in Denmark, 1S39. Ben Jensen, now a resident of San Juan county, arrived in Seattle when a dense forest clothed the principal streets. He was born in Norway, came to America while a youth, and has proved a worth}' factor to his adopted country. Ole Egge, also a native of Norway, has shared the hardships of the early Pacific. He is a man of intelligence, and enjoys the respect of his countrymen. His son Peter is a bright man of mechanical ingenuity, and landed in Seattle with his parents. In the more recent years, Scandinavians in Seattle have made great progress in professional and business circles. In politics, too, they have commanded notice, and in science and letters attention. E. H. Evenson is the incumbent county auditor, and H. P. Rude councilman-at-large. E. H. Evenson was born at Whitewater, Wisconsin, in the year 1852. His early life was spent on a farm in Wau- paca county, Wisconsin. At the age of iS he began to teach in the common schools in his neighborhood, and with the money thus earned he started on a six 3'ears' course at Deco- rah College, Iowa, from which he graduated in the spring of SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 57 '79. During all this time he taught common schools at inter- vals, and during vacations worked in the harvest fields of Minnesota and earned the money with which to pa}' his col- lege expenses. Having finished his course at Decorah College he entered the State University- of Wisconsin, from which he graduated with the class of 'Si. In the fall of the same year, Mr. Eveuson secured a posi- tion as teacher in Milton College, Milton, Wisconsin, where he remained for three 3'ears ; at the end of that period he re- moved to Madison, South Dakota, to fill a place as teacher in the State Normal School at that cit}-, which position he occu- pied for two years ; he was then elected county superintendent of schools for Lake county, in which capacity he served two terms. At the close of the last term he made another move west, to Puget Sound, and settled on 40 acres of land near the town of Kent, where he now resides with his family. He is at present serving his second term as auditor of King county. Mr. Evenson is a firm believer in the " single tax" theo- ries of Henry George ; that is, in placing all taxes on ground rents. The justice of that method, he claims, is based on the following self-evident truths: " ist : That whatever the individual produces, belongs to the individual, and whatever the community produces, belongs to the community. "2d: That the general rise in land value, commoul}' called ground rents, is caused by the growth of the com- 58 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. munity and its competition for work, and therefore, by right, belongs to the community. "3d: That, as taxes are needed for the welfare of the community, it is only in accordance with natural and divine law that the community makes use of this common fund before it resorts to the confiscation of what properl}- belongs to the in- dividual. "4th: That it is not onlj- unjust in principle, but injuri- ous to the last degree in practice, that one man is taxed more for making land useful and employing labor on it, than an- other is taxed for holding land idle and keeping labor off it. "sth: That to tax labor or its products, is to discourage industry. "6th: That to tax land values to their full amount will compel every individual controlling natural opportunities to either utilize them by the emploj-ment of labor, or abandon them to others; that it will thus provide opportunities of work for all men, and secure to each the full reward of his labor." H. P. Rude, the fearless co;incilnan-at-large, of Seattle, was born in Toten, Norway, March 4, 1861. He graduated from the public school at the age of fifteen, later took a course in higher education at a private institution. From boyhood he manifested native pluck which his career plainly reveals. Unlike most boys, he spent his leisure studying and learn- ing the tailoring trade. Seeing that the seat of his birth being too narrow for cosmopolitan development, he planned for the national capital against the will of his father. In a SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 59 60 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. confidential manner he obtained two crowns from his grand- father, and under veil of night walked forty-two miles, arriving at Dahl Station, Eidsvold, at ope of dawn, from whence he took the train to Christiania. Though only a youth of fifteen, he found employment in a leading tailoring establishment, and attended school during evenings. In iSSi he emigrated to America, after making a short stop in Chicago, he proceeded to Redwing, Alinnesota, to visit relatives who lived fifteen miles out in the country, in the state of Wisconsin. Unable to articulate an English sentence, " but where there is a will there is a way," crossed the river with an Indian, found the road by means of a guide-post, and stalked the unknown dis- tance. After a pleasant reunion with friends and relatives, he returned to Redwing, worked for sometime at his trade, then embarked in business for himself. His next move was to Minneapolis, where he found employment in a fashionable store. He joined the Tailors' Union, having a membership of 200, and within a 3'ear became its president, and subsequentl}- was chosen a delegate to the Trade and Labor Assembly. He resigned from the Union to engage in business of his own which he followed for some time. After disposing of his inter- ests in Minneapolis, he traveled in the surrounding cities, then crossed the Rocky, arriving in Seattle, 1890, during the transient boom of Anacortes, which attracted him to that place, but returned to Seattle ere long. He worked for awhile as cutter, then started a tailoring establishment of his own. For years he had been alert to public affairs, and in 1896 SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 61 was elected councilman from the Sixth Ward, the fusion stronghold, with a large majoritj'. He was renominated b}' the Republican party, but councilman-at-large, and elected with an increased vote. On resignation of Mayor Wood, he was instrumental in placing Judge Thomas J. Humes into the mayor's chair. To the credit of Mr. Rude it must be said that he has ascended to his political honors unsought, and that his record is emblematic of honesty and abilit3^ He has been opposing the perpetuit}- of the gambling hells in the lower strata of the city in such a manner that even his polit- ical enemies had to commend his course. His famous reso- lution made the tenderloin district shiver with fear, while honest men and women bowed with gratitude. The following is taken from a leading daily of Seattle : "H. P. Rude, councilman-at-large, is entitled to great credit for his endeavor to put a quietus to certain classes of crime so often indulged in the various places of resort in the lower part of the city." Mr. Rude's influence among the members of the city council is made conspicuous b}' his representation on the several committees. He is chairman of the police license and revenue committee, and a valuable member on the com- mittees of finance, corporation, labor, public buildings and grounds, and harbor and wharf. He was married, iS8i, in Minnesota, to Miss Lina Sophia Larsen, a lady of lofty character, to whom he was betrothed in Nor\vaJ^ She was born in Eidswold, November 24, 1863, 62 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. of highly respected parents, and emigrated to America a few- months subsequent to the arrival of her husband. They have four children, Henr}- M. Rude, born in Wisconsin, March 14, 1883. The other three are natives of Minnesota, George A. Rude, born May 3, 1S85, Lillie Palnia Rude, Febniar}- 24, 18S7, and Morris O. Rude, April 10, 1889. J. H. Ekstrand, a true son of Sweden, and an ex-minister of the M. E. Church, is a Seattle pioneer. He came to the United States more than two scores of years ago, and has been influential in both church and political circles. E. A. Seaburg, a native of Sweden, has likewise given keen vigilance to public affairs, always a stalwart republican. As regards men of scholarl}' attainment. Rev. M. A. Chris- tensen ranks among the most polished on Puget Sound. He is an accomplished linguist and an eloquent pastor of the Emmanuel Lutheran Church. H. M. Korstad, a graduate of the University of Washington, is also master of several lan- guages and a deep student of ethics and psycholog3\ He was born in the United States, but his parents hail from \'al- ders, Norwa)^ His sister, Bertha Korstad, is a prominent teacher in the public schools of Kitsap county. N. B. Nelson. — \'ery few have been more successful in business than the personage in question — N. B. Nelson — of the firm, Frederick, Nelson and Munro. He is a man of a lucky mixture — business, integrity, and sociability. Mr. Nelson was born in Kristianstad, Sweden, July 31, 1857, and like most boys in that country received a thorough schooling. SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 63 ^|ff||t^i^ . t ^ ^^..J^ ^ 4 % N. B. Nelson. 64 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. From boyhood he had nursed a liking to see America, and in 1875 landed in Colorado, minus means, a stranger in a new world, and worst of all unable to converse with the general public, but picked up the language with marked rapidity. He bent his energy to farming, following the pursuit for R1A1.T0 Block. Occupied by Frederick, Nelson aud Muuro. several years in Garfield county, but at the same time gave keen eye to public affairs, and served the people as count}- commissioner for three years. His attention was engrossed with the progress of the Pacific, and thither he journe3'ed, 1891, and shortl}' after embarked in furniture business on SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 65 Pike street in a store less tban twenty by sixty. At present the firm of Frederick, Nelson and Munro occupies the Rialto Block, in the very heart of the city, covering 105,400 square feet, more than two and a half acres of household goods. The traffic of the firm is immense, exceeding every establish- ment of its nature north of San Francisco. Mr. Nelson was married, 1895, to an accomplished 3'oung lady, Miss Teckla Johnson, born in Ronneby, Blekinge, Sweden. They have two bo3'S, Frederick Creigh Nelson and Chester Munro Nelson. Axel H. Soelberg, bank cashier and a respected citizen of Seattle, was born at Ness Hedemarken, Norway, on March 2, 1869. He received a common school education, graduating at the age of fourteen. In 1SS4 he secured a position in the store of Jevanord Brothers in Brumundalen, with whom he remained until in the spring of 188S, when he emigrated for America. He arrived in Minneapolis on the morning of May 17th. A short time previous, a number of Norwegian- American citizens of Minneapolis had organized the State Sash and Door Manufacturing Company, and Mr. Soelberg was offered the position as book-keeper a few days after his arrival in the city. He served in this capacity for about two years, then was elected secretary of the firm, and two years later vice- president. In the spring of 1S92, when the Scandinavian- American Bank of Seattle was organized, he was tendered the position as book-keeper in the bank, and accepting, Mr. Soel- berg found himself in Seattle on one of the first days in April of that year. At the annual meeting in 1894, he was elected 66 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 67 cashier of the bank, which position he now holds. Mr. Soel- berg is a man of literary aptitude as well as of business capacity, has contributed largely to the Seattle Daily Times and other leading papers. He could have won laurels on the field of letters as well as business notice in the world of traffic. In January, 1S9S, he was married to Miss Olga Wickstrom, an accomplished young lady of Seattle. They have a beau- tiful home in one of the finest parts of the city. Drs. Ivar and Eiliv Jansou. — Every Scandinavian is familiar with the name, Kristofer Janson, the eminent Nor- wegian poet and novelist. No less a halo of the minstrel car, Light brave Janson sows afar, At thy torch superstition weeps, Dogmas wilt in deftly labored heaps. The God of nature, love and truth, Flash on thy wing to Age and Youth, With gilded rod and silver tongue. Thou riftst the creeds of ages long. From ''An Ode to the Land of the Vikings." The two doctors in question are sons of this noble author, Ivar being born in Bergen, Norway, March i, 1865, and Eiliv in vSel, Gudbrandsdalen, May 25, 1870. Both re- ceived their early education bj' private tuition, and in 1882 emigrated with their parents to America, settling in Minne- 68 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 69 apolis. They took advantage of the splendid school facilities offered by that city as preparation for the state university of Minnesota, where they graduated, 1892, with the degree of Doctor of Medicine, M. D. Their collegiate records bespeak scholarly distinction which have been made more emphatic by subsequent years. Immediately after graduation, Dr. Iv ar Janson was appointed assistant professor in the medical department at his alma mater, but resigned the chair to take a move westward, arriving in Seattle, 1S95, where he enjoys an enviable practice, being recognized as a leading surgeon on the Pacific. His brother. Dr. Eiliv Janson, steered his fortune to Astoria, Oregon, in the fall following his gradua- tion, and soon rose to be one of the most beloved physicians in the city. His ability invited the attention of the public, and his practice grew immensely, being the largest in that part of the state. The last year he has spent study- ing at the universities of Europe, in Berlin, Dresden, Munich, Copenhagen and Paris, and will join his brother in Seattle next June. The two doctors have evinced the genius of their father, but in a different direction, the sire a poet, the sons surgeons and physicians. The former has climbed the ladder of fame, the latter are climbing it. They are both married to ladies of rare abilities and accomplishments. Mrs. Ivar Janson is one of Seattle's most gifted vocalists. "Think for yourself" is a soul-inspiring motto, and is applicable to the Janson family. In spite of angry opposition and glittering pelf the rich mind of Kristofer Janson has scattered sun- 70 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. C. N. Sandahl. SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 71 beams of truth aud thought. He has sought to lift his countrymen upon the plane of reason and brotherly love. The sons have imbred their father's soul of thought and sym- pathy, which the public echo in more eloquent words than my pen. C. N. Sandahl. — Washington is dependent on the science of horticulture, fruit is her future. Any man willing to bend his heart to the soil is a valuable exponent in the upbuilding of the country. Few men have done more in this line than the well-known floriculturist and nurseryman, C. N. Sandahl, of 1 1 23, Second Avenue, Seattle. He was born in Horsens, Denmark, 1857; acquired his education in the public schools of his fatherland, and in the smiling book of nature, 'where real knowledge teems to an intelligent eye. In 1880 he emigrated to America, spent ten years in Ohio and Minne- sota, pursuing his chosen vocation, then journeyed to Wash- ington and located in Seattle. After a careful scrutiny of the country he engaged in floriculture and nursery, which occupa- tion he is following with notable ability. Mr. Sandahl is a man of business capacity as well as of scientific propensity, and honest and honorable. Samuel S. Langland. — Quiet of disposition but deep in thought, modest in demeanor but aggressive in argument. The above words unfold Mr. Langland's characteristic, an able lawyer of Seattle. He was born near Stavanger, Norway, August 13, 1856, and emigrated with his parents to Minne- sota in the spring of 1867. His early boyhood experienced SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 73 the various hardships and vicissitudes incident to pioneer life. At the age of fifteen he launched out for himself, choosing as a means of support the apprenticeship of a tailor in Mancato, in which capacity he labored a year and a half. From whence he went to St. Paul, a stranger in an unwont sphere. English defied his tongue, but soon melted to his grasping intellect. He worked at his trade about two years, but to ascend to a higher stage of culture, he converted his energy to loftier aims, worked for his board and attended private school, paying for his tuition by doing janitor work, sweeping and keeping the schoolhouse in order. After two years of assidu- ous study in this institution, he entered the classical course of four years in the St. Paul High School which he completed in three. In the fall of 1881 he was matriculated in the same course at the state university, graduating with honor in June, 1 885. At the commencement exercises he distinguished him- self by delivering the most thoughtful and eloquent oration of the class, his subject being "Is Man Advancing?" for which he received compliments from the faculty and leading men of the state present on that occasion. His struggles at the university with poverty symbolize an indomitable will. He toiled evenings and Saturdays sawing wood and doing other manual labor, his vacations were spent canvassing, or in the harvest field. After darkness comes sunshine, and the year following his graduation he was appointed professor of ?!^nglish Literature in the Augsburg Seminary. In 1887 he studied law in St. Paul, was admitted to bar, and practiced 74 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 75 for sometime at Moorhead, Minnesota, where he made rapid progress, being nominated prosecuting attorney on the demo- cratic ticket, but as that party was in the minorit}' he went to defeat with the rest of the candidates. At Moorhead he was married to an estimable lady, Miss Esther Annette Hutchison, and in December of 1S90 moved to Puget Sound as an alternative to regain health and vigor. Since 1891 he has been practicing law in Seattle with growing promise, his specialty being real estate litigation. A. Lundberg. — The person of this sketch, the educated artificial limb manufacturer, A. Lundberg, was born in Kal- stad, Sweden, 1S47, where he received a good schooling and learned his benefactory profession. At the age of twenty-one he set sail for America, locating in Minneapolis, where he stayed until 1888, working at his trade. From whence he moved to Spokane, Washington, residing in that cit}- eight years. Seattle had attracted notice as an appropriate seat for a man of science and mechanical ingenuity, and thither he migrated in 1896, establishing his headquarters in Sullivan Building, First Avenue. Mr. Lundberg is the only artificial limb manufacturer in the state of Washington; he was edu- cated for this work in early youth and has followed it uninterruptedly. In many instances he has wrought out wondrous results, cured cases that defied medical science. He was married in Minneapolis, January 24, 1877, to a pleasant lady. Miss Anna Dahlgren. They have three children, Evalin, Denalda and Marie. 76 SCANDINAVIANS ON THP: PACIFIC. SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 77 C. G. W. Anderson. — Men are destined for divers ave- nues, but a thoughtful man will follow the course of his inclination in the climax upward, and success will smile as he proceeds. Mr. C. G. W. Anderson seems to have incor- porated this maxim. He was born in Sweden, September 24, 1S56, where he enjoyed the benefit of a good schooling and a healthy course in the curriculum of experience. At the age of twentj^-six he left his native soil for the New World, arriv- ing in the United States, April 24, 1880. After ten years of various employment in the eastern states he came to Seattle, engaging in hotel business on the corner of Terrace and Fifth Avenue, where the Anderson looms in emphasis of the propri- etor's energy. Mr. Anderson is a man of a genial disposition, social and affable and in all respects an honored citizen. Oscar Anderson. — A man of honor and integrity is a worthy adjunct to any community. Oscar Anderson belongs to this type which his career bespeaks. He was born in Karlskrona, Sweden, Januar}- 13, 1S59, where he received a thorough education in the public schools. From boyhood he showed talents attributive only to the soul of the genius. In 1872 he entered the hardware business, but abandoned it after two years of experience to pursue the vocation of his forte — jewelry and mechanism. In 1S79 he engaged in business for himself which he continued successfully until 1893. During all these 3'ears he was employed by the Swedish navy mend- ing and adjusting the chronometers of the men-of-war. In 1891 the Russian government engaged his ingenuity, and on 78 SCANDINAVIANS UN THE PACIFIC. mn^'^itm OSlAll AMiI'.HSON SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 79 one occasion he worked three days and three nights repairing the chronometers of the navy for which he received a remu- neration of 297 crowns. In 1892 he spent considerable time traveling in Denmark, partly for pleasure and partly for studying the conditions of the countrj-, Copenhagen being the center of interest where he enjoyed himself for a few months. The following year he sold out his business in Sweden and emigrated for America, locating in Seattle, a stranger in a strange country, but ere long his native "pluck" was manifested, and a fine establishment at 406 Pike street emphasizes his ingenuity and business ability. P. A. Hallberg. — Experience is the best teacher, a college course of mere theories gives little knowledge of the world. A course in fighting the billows of the deep, or wrestling with the stumps of the forest, is of more practical worth than a head crammed with deceased tongues, or theoretical airships. P. A. Hallberg corroborates my \-iew with his personal experi- ence. He was born in Skone, Sweden, 1867, and in his early teens sought the waves. He visited China and other oriental climes, faced the angr}- surges of Cape Horn, and dashed ashore at San Pedro, California, from whence he sailed north- ward, navigated for sometime as mate on Puget Sound, also served in the government marine. After years of sea-faring life lie turned his attention to terra firnia, located in Seattle and commenced new pursuits. He worked for three years in the Union Bakery, then spent sometime in a meat market, and in 1894 bought the Union Bakery, and four years later 80 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE rAClFlC. SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLIC 81 removed to Second Avemn.', between Pike and Union, where he is doing a large business. Mr. Hallberg is a man wlio has won the respect of the people of Seattle by his integrit}' of character and straight business method. John Xogleberg, a gifted artist, i)ortrait, figure and land- scape painter, of Seattle, was born in Kongsberg, Norwa}', tirtmm> ■P"""^"*»" T^ John Noi-.lkiieri.'s Sti-dio and Fink Aiit Stokk. (Five scpar.itc clep.irtiuciils.) 82 SCANIUNAVIAXS ON THK PACIFIC. JOHK NooLKBHaO. SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 83 February 21, 1861. He received a splendid education in his native country in music, science and art, and in iSSi emi- grated to America, locating in Chicago, where he studied at the Academy of Fine Art and at the Art Institute. After nine years of close application to liis chosen profession, he moved to Seattle, where he has the largest establishment of its kind west of Chicago, engaging constanth- a number of employees in the different departments. At the beginning of 1S99 he moved into his elegant building on Second Avenue, near Union Street, but from the present indication of business his beautiful apartments will soon prove too small. He is an athlete and an intense lover of nature. The soul of grandeur and sublimity seems to be a part of his being, which his masterpieces plainl3' reflect. He is fond of outdoor sport, fishing and hunting give him pleas- ant hours of recreation. He is an active member of the V. M. C. A., and a promoter of the Norwegian-Danish M. E. church. In a word, Mr. Nogleberg is a true gentleman as well as an artistic genius, being strictly temperance and of noble aims and integrity. Hans Hansen, manager of the Union Fish Company, and a man of indomitable will power, was liorn in Norway, July 20, 1S59, where he laid his foundation for an active career. In 1881 he arrived in Minneapolis and six years later beheld the city of Seattle. He settled on a homestead in the Quil- layute valley, but returned to the Queen City after a few years of experience at farming. In 1S96 he was elected to the 84 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. legislature, and became noted for his opposition to fish traps, and his earnest support of Hon. George Turner for United States senator. He has been a frequent contributor to the different papers on political and reform topics. In religion he is a Methodist. SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. CHAPTER IV. SociKTiKS — Press — Puominknt Citizkns — Ciiuhciies. Scandinavians in Seattle have contributed largely to the social feature of life. They have organized a number of societies, some flourished immensely for sometime, then died t*?'^ ^ t t3W .. :. ^^-^ IIIK IlAI/rit LotM.K. i »>. O. T., U.N A Pknic. a ^natural death, olhcr.s have continued to prosper through sun and storm. The Normanna Literary and Social Club was among the first Norwegian societies, but alas! only a few 86 SCANDINAVIANS ON THK PACIFIC. daN'S of sunshine then clouds and dispersion. The Baltic Lodge, I. O. 0. T., was placed on record Februarj' lo, iSSS, and has since its birth drank vigor from the fountain of wholesome reform. In a word, it is the healthiest Scandina- vian societj' in the city of Seattle, and some of the members merit gratitude for their indefatigable work. G. Xj'gard, Gust. Thompson, Ole Finnoy, Martin Erickson, Ole Larscn, James Kggan, Anton Peters, H. H. Miller, Peter Peterson, \V. T. Hillcstad, A. Zaar, and Helle and Lena Kgge, Christina Newgard, Augusta and Lottie Stromberg, Mrs. Emma Eggan, Ida Peters and Matilda Iversou have sacrificed both time and energy for the advancement of the temperance cause. A Swedish society, baptized Svea, the 31st of May, 1894, had but a few struggles with the chilly world. The following j-ear it withered into oblivion unsung. NorduKcndenes Sang- forening (Norwegian Singing Society) was organized in Novemlier, the same j'ear, but soon gave signs of ephemeral existence. The Sagatun was born the year after, lingered on a narrow path for n while, finally fell into an innocent grave. The Swedish Club, organized in 1S92, is a healthy and vigorous society. From its embryo to the present time it has had a smooth run of sunshine and prosperity. It takes unity of hearts and energy to steer a social fleet through all sorts of weather from the tiny stream of embarkation into the calm sea of triumph. Tlic Swedish Club has accomplished this. The ol)ject of the organization is exclusively fraternal, to unite the Swedish elements in tlic city by friendly ties, and SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 87 to extend a wanii hand to those coming within its reach from other cities or climes. The first officers were: H. E. Humer, Prest., Rudolph Aim, \'. Prest., David Petree, R. Sec, G. Edinholm, F. Sec, Andrew Chilberg, Treasurer, A. T. Lund- berg, Librarian, Hugo Hettengren, M. C. At its rift of morn onl}' thirty-two names smiled on the recording scroll, while now two hundred members in good standing bespeak its strength, with the following incumbent officers: J. M. John- son, Prest., N. J. Nyquist, \'. Prest., A. Zaar, R. Sec, H.J. Norden, F. Sec, N. B. Nelson, Treasurer, A. T. Lundberg, Librarian, J. Xyman, ^L C, and P. J. Melin, Otto Roseleaf and D. Nordstrom, Trustees. The Danish Brotherhood, a national league of high standard, aiming to benefit and to educate, found admission to Washington about eleven years ago. The Seattle Lodge 29, was organized April 8, 1888, with eleven chartered members, which now numbers one hundred and Hhy. The Danish Sisterhood, an auxiliary to the Danish Brotherhood, has taken steps in the right direction, working to sweeten and strengthen the ties of love and mutual amicability. The Norwegian Workingmen's society sprang into exist- ence about eight years ago, and lived through manj' scenes of joy and pathos, now flourishing, now trembling to its found- ation. Alas ! detonating meteors exploded within its laby- rinth and gloomy melanchol}' spread her black veil, an oratorical flower dropped here, and a declamatory bloom there, at last the tree of support shivered in chilly desolation, and withered into nothingness. 88 SfANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. a . 3 K S SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. S9 The Xorse Club, organized three j-ears ago, has reveled in healthy sunshine, and smiling tendrils have encircled its prop. The 17th of Maj', 1S99, bespeaks its culmination. Tlie celebration of Norwegian independence under its banner was a marked event among the Scandinavians. Thousands of people gathered at Madison Park, Seattle, from all parts of the Sound, to participate in perpetuating the memory of the Xorse heroes. Honor is due to the following gentlemen for launching and piloting this social ship into a haven of safet}- : H. P. Rude, C. IM. Thuland, Frank Oleson, Christian Bolgen, A. J. Thuland, A. H. Soelberg, B. A. Clausen, N. A. Christof, A. Scottness, Theodore Pederson and Julius Sunde. Fremad, the social wing of the Norwegian Lutheran church, has lived through many upheavals, and yet looks forward with unclouded eyes. The other Scandinavian churches have their inviting adjuncts, l)ut of more recent date, which tender valuable aids to their respective mothers. Scandinavians in Seattle have been fortunate in having men and women gifted and willing to make the social feature of life entertaining and successful. Of all the gaudy society flowers, no one merits more applause than the genial photo- grapher, James Eggan. He was born in ( )sterdalen, Norway, 1872, came to America in 1S80, locating in the city of Minne- apolis. From boyhood he evinced unusual talent as a comed- ian and as an artist. He could have gathered jewels on the stage as well as in the photographic studio. In 18S9, he set 90 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. ) AMI •- I <.•. W SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 91 out for the Pacific, aud after taking a survey of the picturesque Puget Sound, selected Seattle as his future abode. Though only a j-outh of seventeen, yet he soon invited the attention of the public in both the social and the artistic world. Not onl}- is Mr. Eggan possessed of natural endowments as a photographer and as a reciter, but is a true type of integrity and honesty. Ver3' few cities of three decades in the United States can boast of more short-lived Scandinavian newspapers than Seattle. The Scandinavian Publishing Company was the first on record, and issued two Scandinavian weeklies, viz., Vestra Posten and Washington Posten, which j-et live and thrive. This company dissolved, and from its dissolution sprang two others ; The Swedish Publishing Company, issu- ing Vestra Posten and a Norwegian concern of similar nature, publishing Washington Posten. Vestra Posten was founded by N. P. Lind and T. Sande- gren, and Washington Posten by Frank Oleson, assisted by Julius Sunde. The former is at present in the hands of N. G. Lind, J. W. Martin and A. Olson, who have raised the paper to a high standard. The latter is owned and edited by A. J. Thuland. C. M. Thuland, now lawyer, also gave heed to journalism. He turned out Seattle Tidende and The North, but both fell into an early tomb. Julius and Engward Sunde organized and published Fram, which blossomed and bore fruit, but one sad day it was stretched on a lazy bier and wheeled to the grave. Folke- tidende popped into existence about four years ago but through {•2 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 93 some intrigue it died and was buried minus tears and cere- mony. Folkets Blad was the next of the ephemeral journals; it was born in 1899, lingered through a few sunny months, then swallowed, without pity, b^- Tacoma Tidende. Anent men of literary ability among the Scandinavians, George Bech, without doubt, stands in the first rank. He is a well-known author, musician and business man of Seattle, born in Roeskilde, Denmark, April 4, 1846. After finishing his education in the State School, 1S65, he was awarded the degree of A. M., and the following year took examin philosophicus. Ph. M., at the ITniversity of Copenhagen; studied mathematics for some time, then went into business, trading in Norwa\', Sweden and Germany, but alwa3's assidu- ously at work during leisure writing poems and novels for the different journals of Denmark and Norway. In the latter coun- try he made acquaintance with Olaf Lofhus, editor of " Berg- ens Tidende," to whose paper he frequently contributed, and Johan Sverdrup, then president of the National Storthing, in whose house he was a welcome guest. In 1S87 he left Copen- hagen, arriving in Seattle, August 22, where he found a rich field for his literary talent, for some time contributing to local and other papers, then editor of Folkedideude, and later Folkets Blad. He has written an cxcjuisite dramatic work, "Haeng Ham," and a song, "Old Glorious Glory," which he has also put to music. It is Mr. leech's ambition to liavc his song adopted as a national liynin. He was married in May, 1880, and has one son, sixteen years old. 94 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 95 Graebert Anderson, an eloquent ex-minister of the M. E. church, and a gifted writer, was born in Denmark, 1860. Norwegiaii-DaiiUli Lutheran Clinrch, St-nttU- 96 SCANDINAVIANS ON THK PACIFIC. li.h M. i; Church. Snillc. After gradiialing from the public schools, he spent some time in private study, with a view of entering some academj-, but instead of carrying out his plan, he left for America, when about eighteen years old. Shortly after his arrival in the New World, he commenced to prepare for the ministry of the M. E. church at the university in Kvanston, Illinois. Here SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 97 98 SCANDINAVIANS ON THK rACIKlC. f I § ^ nil il I Vil Jlrrik- SwftlUh llapliM Church. Snltle. he spent five years, then migrated to tlje Pacific, where he has been recognized as the most cloqnent pulpit orator among the Scandinavians on the coast, and has served as expounder of the gospel in the largest Norwegian-Danish churches, namely in Oakland and Kurcka, California, and Tacoma and Seattle, SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. 99 Norwegian-Danish Baptist Cluirch. Seattle. L.tfO. 100 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. Washington. Two years ago he resigned from the ministry* to devote his time to journalism. In 1S89 he was married to Miss Lottie H. Christensen, a lady of fine education, a teacher in the public schools of Racine, Wisconsin. They re- side in Seattle, where Mr. Anderson is interested in newspaper business, being secretary of the Tacoma Tidcnde Publishing Company, with office in Coleman building, First Avenue, Seattle. Scandinavians have been liberal in their contributions to religious worship. Kight Scandinavian churches in the city of Seattle join to confirm this fact. The various denomina- tions are represented: Lutheran, Methodist, Baptist, and Mission Friends. There are one Swedish and two Norwegian- Danish Lutheran churches, one Swedish and one Norwegian- Danish Baptist churches, one Swedish and one Norwegian- Danish Methodist churches, and one Swedish Mission church. SCANDINAVIANS IN BALLARD. CHAPTER V. Ballard merits the appellation, City of Smokestacks. No small town west of the Rocky has more factories. Saw mills and shingle mills are sending clouds of smoke into the air day and night, and brigades of industrious men are busil)^ en- gaged. The city has been regarded b}' many as a suburb of Seattle, but this is a misinterpretation. True, Ballard is near Seattle, and is connected to it by a well-equipped street rail- way, but has its own government. The first Scandinavian who touched Salmon Bay, half a mile below Ballard, was probably Peter Friberg. In 1875 Gustaf Anderson pitched his tent on a green spot near the rippling water where he yet resides. He was born in Sweden, crossed the Atlantic in 1S64, and spent several years in Chicago before coming to the Pacific. He is a man of intelligence and holds a respectable rank among the people. Ole Schildstad, a native of Norway, and highly respected, arrived simul- taneously. In those early days Ballard was undreamt. The smoke which now curls above its bustle did not enter the calm of the pioneers' hearts. They were contented with the peregri- nation of daily necessity. Few Scandinavians then stalked the dense forest which clad the turf where five thousand people now dwell midst noise and progress, but to day over one thousand Vikings mingle in the various walks of life in the town. 102 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. SCANDINAVIANS IN BALLARD. 103 lohii Johnson, the leading merchant and an intelli- gent and honored citizen, is a native of Norway, being born March 26, 1862, midway between Trondhjem and Levanger, where he received his early education. At the age of ten he emigrated to America, locating at Muskegon, Michigan, attended the public schools three ^-ears, worked in a saw mill four vears, and clerked in a grocery store seven years. In 1886 he launched into business for himself which he is pur- suing with marked success. During the same year he was married at Muskegon to a cultured young lady. Miss Magna Xelson, whose parents hail from Tromso, Norway. In 1S93 i\Ir. Johnson moved to Ballard and immediately embarked in grocery business. His large establishment and business method plainh' reflect his ability, and a multitudin- ous circle of friends bespeaks his generosity and integrity of charactpr. F'rank Engquist, the well-known merchant tailor of Ballard, was born in Sweden, 1861, received a fine education in his native country, and in 1SS2 crossed the Atlantic for the United States, settling at Moline, Illinois, where he remained one and a half years. His next journey was to Minneapolis, where he found employment in one of the largest tailoring establishments in the city. In 1SS8 he migrated to Seattle, Washington, and shortly after resumed his chosen occupation. He was attracted by the fascinating aspect of the Sound, and abandoned his business to try his hand at agriculture in Rolling Baj-. The gigantic trees and stubborn 104 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. SCANDINAVIANS IN BALLARD. 105 stumps plucked the laurels of his fanc}-, and iu 1896 started business in Ballard, where he is permanently located. Mr. Engquist is an expert workman, honest and intelligent, and what is still loftier, a perfect gentleman. P. E. Paulson, a genial business man, was born in Nor- way, 1S65. His father was a prominent educator, having been engaged in school work about forty years. Mr. Paul- son enjo)-ed the benefit of an excellent education, and in 1S82 sailed for America, locating in Rock county, Minnesota. After two years of various occupation he arrived in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, where he stayed two years. The Pacific exer- cised a peculiar charm, and thither he emigrated, making Skagit valley his first stopping place, and afterward located in Ballard, where he now resides. Mr. Paulson is a leading member of the Foresters of America and other organizations. He is a man of a kind disposition, and universally respected. I. C. Olson is a true type of honesty and individual char- acter. He was born in Norway, and for years resided in Minneapolis. He came to the coast in 1893, settling in Bal- lard. In 1S98 he was elected to the legislature, where he distinguished himself as a man of integrit}' and sound judgment. Thomas Anderson is a rising grocer, and a prominent member of the Norwegian Baptist church. Revs. (). L. Hoieu and G. Berg are well liked and earnest ecclesiastics. Rev. Martin Berg is editor of Kongeriget and an eloquent advocate of Christian jirinciples. l(l« .SCANDINAVIAN;; UN TliLl i'AClilC. A Runlic Hnditr at Putnt Drfiancr I'nrk, Taconia. SCANDINAVIANS IN TACOMA. CHAPTKR VI. Tacoma, or the Cit}' of Destiii}-, is the second city in population in the State of Washington, and the first in natural grandeur. It is situated on fine terraces, commanding a beautiful view of Commencement Bay and the Sound for miles distance. Mt. Rainier, or Tacoma, towers over the city, and his head of snow and checkered bosom fills the soul with awe and wonder. Pride of the West, austere and grand. The noblest in Freedom's Land, To thee my soul is turning, In sapphire flames thou burning; Like spheres that walk the solar planes, Thy mellow blaze through heaven rains, Siren in cloudland high, Scene bewitching to my eye. How thy cheeks hang in a silvery glow ! Awful in look is thj' head of snow ; In thy face I read Heaven's mighty arm. The power of God that bids thee charm, A landscape rich in song and flowers. In rhyming pine and vocal bowers. In dancing ripples of laughing gold. In streams of music leaping bold. U)6 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. Scandinavians have made Taconia their stronghold, about lo.ocx) dwell within the city bonndarj'. Some rank among the most thrifty and highly esteemed citizens. They also bear the honor of being among the early pioneers who gave SCANDINAVIANS IN TACOMA. 109 light and courage to subsequent settlers. Mrs. Fredric Meyer, a native of Norway, previously alluded to, was one of the first white women to alight in Pierce county. Anton Malm, born in Sweden, came to the coast in 1870, and mingled with the first pioneers of Tacoma. The Scandinavian business and professional men of Tacoma merit kind consideration. They have risen to prominence and in- vited the confidence and respect of all regardless of nation- ality. A biographical histor\^ of the most prominent confronts itself They are exemplary men, and their rise to affluence and influence in an honest, straightforward manner is worthy of emulation. Professor Olof Bull. — There are but few whose souls are imbued with divine strains. Music like poetry is born with a man. When Ole Bull was asked, " Who taught you to play so sweetly ?" he answered, " Norge's hole Fjeld og dybe Dale" (Norway's high mountains and deep dales). The name of Olof Bull is sj^nonymous to that of Ole Bull. The former came from Sweden, the latter from Norway. Prof. Olof Bull was born in Undersvik, Helsingland, Sweden, March 31, 1852. His parents were Olof and Katarina Bull, his father is dead but his mother still lives. From early childhood he evinced extraordinary talent for music which was cultivated to a marked degree under A. Sorenson and other masters. In 1869 he sailed for America, arriving in St. Paul, where he rapidly gained fame as a genius violinist. In 1S76 he organ- ized the "Olof Bull Concert Company" which scattered divine ini .SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. PKori«»(» Oi.or Bn.i. SCANDINAVIANS IN TACOMA. Ill music the land over, and rose to enviable reputation. In 1881 he was appointed musical director of the Boston Opera, which he resigned in a year to accept the professorship of violin in the Chicago Musical College, where he remained until 1S90, when he journeyed to Tacoma to be installed as musical director of Tacoma Theatre, which chair he is filling with distinction. Professor Olof Bull is a genius as a violinist, and greater still a man of character, kind and compassionate. O. B. Selvig. — The esteemed cashier of the Metropolitan Bank of Tacoma, O. B. Selvig, was born near Drammen, Nor- way, in 1 85 1. He received a fine education, and at the age of seventeen bid farewell to his native seat for America, arriving in Kandiyohi county, Alinnesota, with his parents. Young Selvig, like others who come to a new country with scantv means, had to do his own rustling. He worked in different places at hard manual labor up to 1878, when he secured a po- sition in the postoffice at Willmar, and two years later received the appointment of postmaster, and shortly after became head agent for the American Express Company. He served faith- fully for seven 3-ears in this capacity, then resigned to accept a more lucrative employment in the Kandiyohi County Bank. In the fall of 1888 he migrated to Tacoma, Washington, and after cultivating acquaintance with influential men in the city, he was tendered a position in the Metropolitan Bank, and soon rose to cashier. Mr. Selvig is not only a man of business, l)ut of honor as well ; one beloved and respected by all. 112 SCANDINAVIANS UN THE PACIFIC. ^^% ""^iS^^^ /^H Il^ 0- P" H K Knatvolp. SCANDINAVIAN'S IN TACU.MA. 113 H. E. Knatvold. — In the fall of 1892, the Scandinavian- American Bank of Tacoma was organized, with a capital stock of $100,000, raised partly in Tacoma and partly in the east. H. E. Knatvold, well known in business circles, was elected cashier and general manager of the institution. He was born in Drammen, Norway, September 3, i84 J ?'^8SPIflH|B I A * On. C. UUBVLI. SCANDINAVIANS IN TACOMA. 115 took a course at St. Olof s College, Northfield, afterward en- tered thd State University of Minnesota, where he graduated with the degree of M. D. He launched into a sucsessful prac- tice at Lamberton, Minnesota, but his soul was thirsting for more knowledge, and to satisfy this he sailed for Christiania Norway, where he took a post-graduate course. On returning to the United States he selected Tacoma for his future abode Here he practiced three years, then returned to Europe to continue his studies at the University of Berlin, from whence he crossed the channel to England, and took a post-graduate course in Kings College and Hospital of London. Afterward he traveled in France and other European countries before voyaging to America. Dr. C. Quevli is a physician of enviable reputation, but that is not all; he is a gentleman beloved and honored. Empires rise to fall again. But truth and love never die; Greater the man with sunshine in his soul, Than kings who woo the fading star of fame. Dr. J. L. Rynuing. — The well-known doctor and pro- fessor of physiology in the Pacific Lutheran University, J. L. Rynuing (formerly Dr. J. L. Jensen), of Tacoma, has gained friends and eminence in his chosen profession. He was born in Iowa, 185S, of Norwegian parents, who removed to the frontier of Minnesota while he was an infant of one j-ear. Young Rynning did not enjoy the opportunities that most 116 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE I'ACIFIC. I>ll J I.. kVMI>lll(l. SCANDINAVIANS IN TACOMA. 117 boys have. The schoolhouse was unknown to him until ten years of age. When time offered a rural schooling he took advantage of it as preparation for the public school of Rush" ford, later studied at the academy of Madison, Wisconsin, and Luther College, Decorah, Iowa. He had a whim for the West, and migrated to Montana where he engaged in school work. Mines, too, invited his notice, and during his vacation of 1889 held the superintendency of a silver mine in Mon- tana. Mining, however, was abandoned for a more profes- sional career, and in 1892 graduated from Rush Medical College in Chicago with the degree of Medicinae Doctor, M. D. Immediately after graduation he located at Butte, Mon- tana, where he practiced for sometime. In 1S93 he was married in Minnesota to Miss Marie Ellertson, a lady of fine training, and took a wedding trip to the Pacific. He foresaw the great future of the country, and removed to Stanwood, Washington, to follow his profession. When the Lutheran University was established at Parkland, he removed toTacoma to tender his aid to the institution. In this city he is perma- nently located, encircled with a multitude of friends. Dr. Rynning is a man of heart as well as ability, honest, kind and sympathetic. Eric Edw. Rosling. — Taconia has reason to feel proud of the personage of my pen, Eric Edw. Rosling, one of the ablest lawyers on the coast. He was born in Stockholm, Sweden, March 3, 1865, ^^^ '^ame to Boston with his parents while a young boy. From infancy he displayed extraordinary talents, 118 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. SCANDINAVIANS IN TACOMA. 119 which subsequent j-ears have made more realistic. After acquiring a liberal education he entered the Boston University Law School, where he graduated with honors, completing a three years course in two. In 1S90 Mr. Rosling arrived in Tacoma and at once manifested the same tireless energy which characterized his success at college. As a lawver he has but few equals, his logical and oratorical endowments make him especially fit for tlie eminent profession he is pur- suing. He is a man of literary taste and studious habit which his large law and private libraries join to emphasize. In 1897 he was appointed by the Supreme Court of Wash- ington as chairman of the committee to examine applicants for admission to the bar. In politics he is a republican, but has refused to accept any political office save the office of city prosecuting attorney during Huson's administration. Twice he has been elected to the board of education and has filled with distinction its presidential chair. His deep interest in educational and church work has made him a valuable factor throughout the Pacific. His oration at the Willamette Chautauqua Assembly, Oregon City, in July, 189S, and his address at the National Educational Association, Los Angeles, 1899, placed him before the nation as an eloquent speaker and a finished scholar. He was married at Tacoma, December 12, 1890, to Miss Minnie Belle Lincoln, an accomplished lady of Boston. The}' have tliree children and a beautiful home in the finest part of the city. J. M. Arntson. — Self-made men, as a rule, become the 120 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. J. M. AKitTaun SCANDINAVIANS IN TACOMA. 121 * leaders in a free countr3' where ability shines with unclouded luster. The individual in question, J. M. Arntson, a rising lawyer of Tacoma, is a representative of this class. He was born on a farm in Waukesha county, Wisconsin, 1858, where his parents, Johannes and Mekaline, settled in 1844, they being among the first Norwegian emigrants to that part of the state. When eight years of age his parents removed to the central part of Minnesota where they engaged in general merchan- dise business. Here young Arntson was reared and trained for a mercantile career, his education was obtained in the public schools and by private instruction. He was married at Willmar, Minnesota, 1882, to Miss Annie M. Olson, a lady of heart and character, and the ne.'^t 3'ear joined the army of homeseekers, attracted to the shores of Puget Sound, and settled in Tacoma, Washington. Since coming to this city he has been engaged in various pursuits, first grocery then real estate. From youth he had possessed an inclin- ation for law, and to yield to his forte, he closed out his business, and devoted his whole time to legal acquirements. In 1894 he was admitted to bar, and immediatel}' embarked in practice which has constantly grown more promising. In 189S he received the appointment as clerk of police court, and in connection with the duties of his office continues a lucra- tive practice. Though Mr. Arntson was born and raised in America, yet he has been a warm friend of tlie Norwegians, always ready to extend a helping hand when needed. He is l-2'_' SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. SCANDINAVIANS IN TACOMA. r23 delighted with Norwegian literature, being conversant witli social and political problems. Gustaf Lindberg, a representative business man of Taco- ma, was born in Vennland, Sweden, November 22, 1S65, received a careful education, and at the age of fourteen embarked in business as clerk in his native place. In 188 1 he chose the national capital of Sweden for his abode, where he obtained a clerkship with the firm of C. A. Schweder. Being of studious nature and industrious habit, he worked faithfully during day, and attended school during evening, thus acquiring a store of useful learning and applicable expe- rience. In 1889 he left the land of his birth for America, locating in Tacoma, where he found employment with the gro- cer}- firm of Forbes & Wose. After two years of service with this company, he joined his brother John in the grocery business, now a leading establishment on the corner of Eleventh and G Streets. Mr. Lindberg is a prominent factor in the Swedish- Lutheran church and a worthy member of the Tacoma Cham- ber of Commerce, and in all respects an honored citizen and a true gentleman. S. Samson. — For being a young man few have displayed steadier habits and more business capacity than the congenial proprietor of the People's Hotel and Restaurant, 913 Pacific Avenue, Tacoma. He w^as born in Ostra Torsa, Kronoberg, Sweden, November 29, 1869, where he enjoyed the training of splendid school facilities. In 1888 he crossed the storms- Atlantic, and selected Tacoma for his permanent location. 124 SCANDINAVrANS ON THE PACIFIC. SCANDINAVIANS IN TACOMA. 125 During his early time in the New World he shared the vicis- situdes of circumstances, ever converting his leisure to useful acquirements. The language was foreign to him, b;it being of docile aptitude this obstacle did not long impede his pro- gress, soon he could handle the English tongue with ease and fluency. Business seemed to be his forte, which he embarked in some years ago and has followed with marked success. He is a member of the Tacoma Chamber of Commerce and owns considerable real estate in the city. Mr. Samson has always been awake to the interest of the Pacific, and especially his own town. He is a worthy citizen and enjoys the respect of the people. SCAXDINA\'IAXS IX TACOMA. CHAPTER Vn. Societies — Press — Prominent Citizens — Churches. A number of Scandinavian societies have sprung into existence in Taconia the last two decades. The X'alhalla, a Swedish fraternal and beneficial organization, was tlip first that blossomed into pros|>erity. It was organized December 15, 1S84, with G. F. Linquist, president, H. Xj-man, vice- president, H. Ohlin, secretary, \V. P. Sundberg, treasurer, R, Bomen, financial secretary, Charles Berg, master of ceremony. Only few signed the constitution at its earlj- launching, but has gradually increased in membership to 125 in good stand- ing. A praise-worthy band, known as the " Swedish \'alhalla Military- Band," was founded by the society to grace its work with sweet music. The Xorwegians organized a lodge of similar nature as the Walhalla, baptized. The Ancient (^rderof Vikings, which, too, embarked with a handful of supporters, but through per- severance and wise management bloomed into one of the best Norwegian societies in the state. The aim of this compact is broad and laudable, being like that of the I. C). (). K., or other secret organizations of high standard. The \"ikings was born in 1S92 with the following hard workers in the lead: John Blaauw, Thomas Knudson, G. O. Sande, Ed. Haug and Sam Hang. SCANDINAVIANS IN TACOMA. 127 The Danish Brotherhood was instituted in March, 18S9 with fifteen members, and has flourished these years remark- abl}'. At present it has sixt}- on the roll, with a flowery adjunct, the Danish Sisterhood, which has tendered the fraternal order kind assistance. Haabet, a Norwegian literary society, has grown in vigor and number, and is proving valuable to literary culture. The incumbent officers are: Con. Bjorklund, Prest., Jacob SHppern \'. Prest., H. Hansen, Sec, John Blaauw, Treasurer, G. O. Sande, Librarian, Hans Tokelsen, Editor. The Norden, I. O. G. T., founded in early days, wrought out man}- disagreeable obstacles, and planted seeds of moral purity, but the panic of recent years scattered the prop of sup- port to the four wings of the world, and the pretty flowers that wont to grace the hall found pleasure in other spheres. Week after week the lodge trembled on flirting arms, which little by little gave heed to other diversions, and death on wool}' wings devoured the civilizing factor. The Scandinavian Temperance Society lived through many years of gnawing resistance. From it floated mighty words of wholesome advice, but friends of the alcoholic hell, robed with smiling garbs of infernal warp, plucked the sweet blooms of future hope, and planted in their souls the stings of ruin. As days wore away, the poisonous influence from the saloon den bewitched the sprightly stripling and the hoary hair, and the temperance workers, the noblest of heroes, were 128 SCANDINAVIANS UN THE i'AClI-lC. too few to feed the fire of interest, and the organization withered and died. The Scandinavian press, of Tacoma, is growing into pop- vilarity. The first Scandinavian newspaper on record in the city was, "Tacoma Budstikken," a Norwegian-Danish weekly, founded in December, 1899, by P. O. Bergan, but enjoyed only a short period of sunshine. The Tacoma Tidende was launched Julj^ 5, 1S90, and ripened into a Norwegian-Danish state paper. From infancy it was in the hands of Dirk Blaauw who bid fair at journalism, but a jear ago it was transferred to his brother John who has steeped it with journalistic fire, comparing in merit with the big eastern weeklies. It takes a man of a con- genial nature, abilitj' and "push" to make journalism a success, and these qualities manifest themselves every day in the editor of Tacoma Tidende. John Blaauw was born in Bergen, Norway, 1S68, but when an infant of two years he went with his parents to Christiania, where he resided till he reached the age of seven- teen, save two and a half years he spent in Edinburgh, Scot- land. In 1SS7 he emigrated to America, making Seattle his destination. Right after the great fire he embarked in Scan- dinavian journalism, and has practically followed it ever since. No man is better informed of the condition and natural resources on the Pacific coast than Editor John Blaauw. Ik- has traveled in every county from British Columbia to the Golden State. He has made Tacoma Tidende an honor to SCANDINAVIANS IN TACOMA. 129 John Blaaiw. 130 SCANDINAVIANS ON THK PACIFIC. the coast and a valuable source of information to thousands of people throughout the United States. He is of a genial dis- position, kind and serviceable. Though alwaj-s busy, yet glad to receive visitors, and willing to impart all possible knowledge. Much of his time is consumed in replying to letters concern- ing the Pacific country. Tacoma Tribunen, a Swedish weekl}' of considerable merit, was brought to light in April, 1890, by the Swedish Publish- ing Company. T. Sandegren was installed as editor, and has ever since filled the chair with credit. T. Sandegren was bom near Halmstad, Sweden, in 1^58, where he enjoyed the benefit of a good common school educa- tion. At the age of twentj' he graduated from Lund College, and three years later took the degree of A. B. at the Univers- ity of Lund. Journalism was his forte which he embarked immediately after graduation. In 1883 he crossed the At- lantic for the United States, locating in Minnesota, where he obtained a position as teacher in the Military School at Fort Snelling. In 1889 he migrated to Seattle, and in company with N. P. Lind organized \*estra Posten. The following year he was appointed editor of Tacoma Tribunen, and three years later assumed the ownership of the paper, which he is con- ducting with marked ability. The Pacific Herold, edited by E. Bernim, is a pleasing journal, published at the Pacific Lutheran University. Mr. Herrum has had years of experience in the journalistic field. SCANDINAVIANS IN TACOMA. 131 ■^r^mi^i,'^ T. Sandi:<:kbn. 132 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. For half a decade or more he represented "Skandinaven" on the Pacific. A word concerning Scandinavian churches may not be out of place at this point. In spite of a new country and adverse circumstances, nine of them pierce the air of the City of Destiny. There are three Lutheran churches, two Norwegian-Danish, and one Swedish; two Methodist churches, one Norwegian-Danish, and one Swedish; two Bap- tist churches, one Scandinavian and one Swedish; a Swedish Mission church, and a Scandinavian Free church. To the south of Tacoma smiles the village of Parkland, the stronghold of the Norwegian Synod, where the Pacific Lutheran University stands as a pride to the place. -1. »•■■ Pacific Lvtiibiian t'ltivaMiTV. The aim of the institution is to give thorough instruction iu ilic various branches taught in the public schools and SCANDINAVIANS IN TACOMA. 133 academies, includiug science, art aud music. It is operated under the banner of the Norwegian Lutheran Synod, and sound Christian principles are made the basis of all the work. Rev. B. Harstad may be rightly called the "Father of the Institution," and Prof. N. J. Hong deserves the appellation "Faithful Manager." SCANDINAVIANS IN KVKRETT. CHAHTKR \ III. P^ew cities during the short longevity of eight years have blossomed like Everett. In 1891 it sprang into life midst the greatest of stir and excitement, and has ever since enjoyed the presence of healthy sunbeams and steady prosperity. Everett is the county seat of Snohomish count)', spread over a pleas- ant stretch of land between Snohomish river and a beau- tiful bay of the Sound, affording an excellent fresh water harbor and an equally laudable salt-water haven. The city has a population of about eight thousand, many of whom are Scandinavians. John Brue was among the early pioneers, and one of the founders of the Norwegian Lutheran church located at that place. F'or \ears he was engaged in business in Elverett, but disposed of his interests to take possession of a nice farm near Stanwood. T. T. Enger, a bright business nuui, merchant tailor, was also one of the first to establish himself in the embryo city. He was born in Hoff, Sotor, Norway, 1864, but moved with his parents to Aasnes when one and a half years of age, where he received his early education, graduating from the pul>- lic schools at fifteen. His father, also, T. T. Enger, was a prom- inent citizen and manager of H. Schulze's estate, the largest in that part of Norway. Young Enger left his native seat for Christiania to leani the tailoring trade, and in 1S82 emigrated to America, arriving at Madison, Wisconsin. September 22, SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 135 136 SCANDlNAVlA.NtJ IN EVERETT. where he remained two years working at his trade. His next move was to Minneapolis, and in 1S9; migrated to the Pacific, settling in Seattle, Washington. Shortly after his arrival he was married to Miss Maria Olson, a worth}' lady of Xorse ancestry. The transient fame of Anacortes startled the country, and thither Mr. Kiiger went to engage in business, but in January, 1892, sold out and removed to Everett, where he is conducting a fine tailoring establishment. Mr. Enger is a man of energy and "push," reliable and respected. He is a prominent member of the Knights of Pj-thias, and holds notable standing in the republican party. Few men have passed through the trials that L. P. Elvrum has, the genial landlord of Everett. He was born in Stordalen. near Trondjem, Norway, 1858, where he received a good edu- cation. At the age of nineteen he went to sea, and was dashed uninterruptedly on the pitiless waves for four years. Three times he weathered the North Cape. In 1881 he sailed for America, spent one year in Minnesota, then journej-ed to the Pacific, settling at Stanwood, Washington. He sought the forest for employment, worked four years at logging, then embarked in general merchandise in Silvana, and immediately received the appointment of postmaster. In 1889 he was mar- ried to Miss Martha lieck, an estimable ladj- of Cedarhome. When Everett commenced to bespeak business prospects, Mr. Elvrum sold out his interests at Silvana and went thither to start a hotel. He is the proprietor of the " North Star," one of the most respectable taverns in the city. Mr. Elvrum is a SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 137 138 SCANDINAVIANS IN EVERETT. man of business nature, social and congenial, honest and a true gentleman. He has had manj' ups-and-downs, but his motto has been, " Try and continue trying and you will suc- ceed at last." A motto that ever}' man ought to drink into his soul for ready application in the various turns of life There are also other Scandinavians in Everett who shine in business and social circles. A. O. Solberg is a leading jeweler, and O. Alseth a genial clerk and a popular member of the Lutheran church ; Martin Dahl is a well-known merchant tailor, and J. A. Johansen a progressive grocer. Everett has within its limit two Scandinavian churches, a Norwegian Lutheran, previouslj' alluded to, and a Scandinav- ian Methodist, which was built in 1893. Rev. P. M. Ellefsen, a Methodist missionarj', visited Everett, 1892, and the follow- ing year organized a congregation of ten members which now numbers thirty. Rev. O. Heggen was the first appointed minister to occupy the pulpit, who was succeeded by the elo- quent Rev. O. O. Twcde. .•\ Young Peoples' Society was organized some years ago which has grown healthy and vigorous ; at present it has a membership of forty. Among the leading members of the Methodist congrega- tion we find E. A. Olson, Swede, L. Carlsen, A. Thompsen, H. llelgesen, and Mrs. H. Helgesen, Norwegians. SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 139 / / XV.-. SCAXDIXAXIAXS AT STAXWOOD. CHATTER IX. Stanwood is the largest Scandinavian community in the State of Washington, situated in Snohomish county, on a delta-like angle, where the Skagit and the Stillaguamish rivers meet to mingle their blue volumes. A navigable tongue of the Sound ripples up the flat, where daily steamers gracefully ride for the proud city. To the east and west from this thriv- ing villa a panorama of inexhaustible fertility spreads out be- fore your eye, dotted with quaint dwellings, here and there flecked with rich orchards, and slowly sweeps up forming what is generally termed highland, where a Swedish colony smiles with flowery gardens and beautiful farms. Stanwood compares in magnitude and importance with the eastern Scandinavian settlements, but differs vastly from them in spirit. Here is more life, more freedom, and English the prevailing language, especially among the younger folks. In 1S70, the time that Eller Graham, a native of Norway, disembarked at the mouth of Skagit river, a white man was a curiosity. Doubtless Graham was the first Scandinavian to seek the wilderness for a nestling place, though it is probable that Martin Toftezen, who landed on W'hidbej- Island twelve years prior, had made a recounoissance of both Skagit and Stillaguamish rivers. Sivert Guligson Brekhus threw anchor where the Stilla- guamish disembogues its waters, 1S73, but made his pernia- SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 141 r • * i N. P. I.KUUE. 142 SCANDINAVIANS AT STANWOOD. nent habitation ten miles up the river. Two years later O. B. Iverson made his appearance as government survej-or, and al- most simultaneoush' N. P. Leque, Nils Eide and A. Danielson landed in fair-sized canoes. These pioneers had the sagacitj- and foresight to unfold the future, and bought three hundred acres of land together. The first named, O. B. Iverson, was elected to represent Snohomish count}- in the territorial legis- lature, where his keen intellect made palpable impressions. He now resides in Olympia, and is an active member of the government surveying staff. N. P. Leque is a highlj' respected citizen, a gentleman in the true sense of the word. He was born in Kinservik, Har- danger, Norway, May S, 1848, but moved with his parents to Ulvik when two j-ears old. After receiving a good common school education, he entered the normal school in Voss, where he graduated with honor in 1865. The following 3-ear he en- gaged in teaching, but abandoned it after two j-ears of success- ful experience. The nth of April, 1868, he was married to Miss Maria Lindebrekke, a lady of fine intellect and noble aims, and the same year sailed for America, settling at \'cr million, Clay count\-. South Dakota, where he embarked in farming. The smiling Pacific created a desire for another journey, and July 31, 1S75, he paraded the streets of Tacoma, with his family. He made a perambulation of the country, and in 1S76 located on a beautiful island, which bears his name. In 1SS6 he was elected county commissioner, ser\-ed with SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 143 distinction for two years, and declined renomiuation. He has been and is a valuable member of the Lutheran church of Stanwood, and has always sought to enhance the best interests of the community, morally and otherwise. For sometime he has been president of the Stanwood Co-operative Creamery. Peter Leque, a close relative of N. P. Leque, is doubtless one of the most popular Scandinavians on the Pacific coast. He was born in Norway, but came to America in his earl}- years, and received a fine education in the common schools and at the State University of Washington. Ever since 1875 he has resided on Leque Island, hard bj'^ Stanwood. He is a man of a grasping mind and elevated thoughts, a hard worker and a faithful representative of the common people. A man that the public has picked out to fill responsible posi- tions on the merit of honesty and ability. In 1888 he was elected count}- surveyor, in 1892 county assessor, and in 1894 county auditor. O. K. Melby, proprietor of Melby Hotel, and a man of intelligence and fine training, has shared the struggles of pioneer life. He was born in Norway, came to the coast 1S75, made a visit to Stanwood, and the following year located in the embryo villa permanently, being the first Scandinavian to engage in hotel business in this part of the state. John Brygger, A. J. Brne, Peter Gunderson, Christian Joergensen, Martin Larson, Iver Egge, C. Toftezen, L. T. Land, O. J. Finley, Ole Ryan, Thomas Brue and John Brue are among the early settlers and the most prominent citizens. 1-14 SCANDINAVIANS IN STANWOOD. They are all independent farmers and potent factors in the upbuilding of the country. The Norwegian Lutheran church of Stanwood is the oldest of the Lutheran churches on Puget Sound. It was . 1 ■f aV ^♦» A «•» s°» '>' nrj n^ "Ifl 111 n w in 11 tt I*? 9T Ti» •n s^. NoKW'KIilAM Ll'TIIKHAX ClIUKCII OF SfAIIWI»l>. organized twenty-three years ago by Rev. L. Carlson, and has enjoyed the services of Revs. Kniil Christensen, P. Isberg and C. Joergcn.sen. At present it is in charge of Rev. L. C. SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 145 gap 3 tf."o » ■ xCr ■ «B xp> 5- •n .-• 1 u ozK J B C O „ n r ^• R -i > X K ■/ o r. Z J! * • ■ 2 !'• M O » z O 2 X ■ 55 X 146 SCANDINAVIANS IN STANWOOD. Foss who has done much for Christianity and the Lutheran doctrine. He is a friend of the young people as well as of the old, the guiding spirit of the Young People's Society and a talented musician. The Norwegian Singing Society is the pride of the com- munity, and has scattered laurels of accomplishment along the Sound. On many occasions it has been called to Seattle and other places to cheer and entertain the people with sweet melodies. The progress and success of the Scandinavian business men of Stanwood are well known. S. A. Thompson's estab- lishment affords credit to the town, and Knud Knudson's drug and jewelry store compares nicely with similar concerns in the larger cities. li. Willard, the popular dairyman, hails from Denmark. His energy and keen intellect have always been at willing option for the good of his adopted country. A. Tackstrom, the genial postmaster, was born in Sweden, and has been of practical usefulness to his city. Kdward Foss traces his birthplace to Norway, but has resided for years in Stanwood. He is a mechanic by trade, and a gentleman in demeanor. H. C. Anderson, the wealthy Klondiker, who re- sides near the city, is a conspicuous factor, especially in agri- cultural developments. The genial photographer, J. T. Wagness, has gained a standing among the people as a man of ingenuity in his chosen profession. Biographical sketches of men who have worked themselves up in an honorable way would d()uV)tlcss be of interest to the readers. Such men as SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 147 148 SCANDINAVIANS IN STANWOOD. S. A. Thompson, Kmid Knudson, and others merit a place among the most prominent Scandinavians on the Pacific coast. S. A. Thompson was born in Norway, 1S64, where he received a splendid school education. In 1S80 he arrived in America, locating at Storj' City, Iowa, remaining two years, then chose Moorhead, Minnesota, for his habitation. After a stay of four years in this city he migrated to Holdstead in the same state where he spent two years. Up to this time Mr. Thompson had been engaged in sundry occupations, clerking and manual labor, always devoting his leisure to the acquire- ment of an education. In iSSS he landed in Stanwood, and immediately embarked in business. For sometime he was connected with shingle mills, entered Irvine's store, clerked five years, and May i, 1895, assumed possession of the whole firm. Mr. Thompson is a man of genial nature, kind and social, at the same time energetic, which his business career plainly emphasizes. Knud Knudson, the gifted jeweler and drug merchant, was born in Modum, Norway, 1864. After learning the watchmaking trade, he sailed for America, arriving in X'alley City, North Dakota, 1885, where he worked at his trade one year. He was touched by reports from Casclton, packed together his effects and moved thither, engaged in business for two years, then took another trip, viz., to Chaml)erlain, South Dakota, but one and a half years sufficed at this place. Washington was now the absorbing question, and in 1890 located in Stanwood, and established the first jewelry store SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 149 15(1 RCANDIXANIANS IN STANWUUD. in the city. In 1896 he launched into drug business in con- nection with his alreadj' lucrative engagement. Mr. Knudson is a leading business man, always busj* and attentive, reliable and respected. N. M. Lien is one of the typical Norwegians on the Sound — honored and intelligent — wealthy and conscientious. He came to America in 1S66, spent eleven years in Minne- Rbsiokrck op N. M. Libm. sota, twelve j'ears in North Dakota, then journeyed to Suin- wood, Washington. He owns a magnificent farm, running pretty nigh into the heart of the city, golden with waving cereals and smiling flowers, and spreads out in an easterly direction. SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 151 Olaf Rj'djord is a lucrative farmer, one and a half miles up Stillaguamish river from Stanwood. He was born in Norwaj', came to Stanwood, 1890, with little or no means. Now he possesses a beautiful farm, and ranks among the prosperous Scandinavians. He is also a man of honor and ambition. ^ ^wSSbu RHSIOKNCK <>T OT.AF K^I'JOKI). One of the most laudable institutions in Snohomish county is the Stanwood Co-operative Creamery, it bespeaks the thrift and standard of the farmers. This enterprise orig- inated with Rev. C. Joergensen, who deserves the applause of the whole community for his indefatigable energy. Mr. Joergensen is an ex-minister of the Lutheran faith, armed 152 SCANDINAVIANS IN STANWoOI*. SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 153 154 SCANDINAVIANS AT STANWOOD. with a liberal education and divers experience. He held the presidency of the Stanwood Co-operative Creamery until his election as commissioner of Snohomish county. The Stanwood Co-operative Creamery has carried away many honors since 1S95, the date of its commencement. It took the first prize, 1896, at the County Fair of Pierce county, held in Tacoma, also the first prize in Ellensburg, 1898, at the State Dairy Association. The output of butter has grad- ually increased, at present averaging about eighteen thousand pounds per month. D. G. Bennie, jr., manager of the Stanwood Co-operative Creamery, has engraved his good will on the hearts of the community. His business methods are commendable, em- phatic of honesty and ability. He was born in Boston, Mas- sachusetts, December 14, 1866, came to the Pacific coast, 1885, embarked in logging and farming, and in the spring of 1898 he was elected to his present position, which he has filled with entire satisfaction. M. O. Coltom, superintendent of the butter-making depart- ment, is a worthy gentleman, who has filled his calling with credit to himself and the association. He was born in Toten, Norvvaj', forty-three years ago, came to America, 1866, and to the coast, 1.SS7. He has been connected with the creamery since its infancy, and has always been vigilant to the best interests of the enterprise. John Lund, also a native of Nor- way, has been a faithful assistant to Mr. Coltom, for years he has served in his present capacity with honor. SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 155 M. O. Coi.TOM. 156 SCANDINAVIANS AT STAN WOOD. Stanwood is surrounded by thrifty Scandinavian farmers, the earliest have already been mentioned. Some of the more recent who have added laurels to agriculture are: Ole Naas, Peter Peterson, T. K. Logan, O. Alseth, Anton F. Anderson, Otto Coltoni, Oluf, John and Gunder Otterson, Engbret Olson, Peter Holte, X. B. Thomle, Louis Christiansen and others. Stanwood, as stated before, is largel}- populated with Scandinavians; in addition to the number previously noted we find manj' good citizens, namely : Herman Hafstad, con- nected with the Stanwood Hardware Company, Carl Ryan, clerk in Eureka Grocery, Fred Ryan, clerk in Thompson's store. Peter O. Wold and Ivar Opdal are representative Nor- wegians, well liked and respected. Bert Gunderson is an intelligent young man ; the members of the Norwegian Sing- ing Society rank among the best of young people, Saul Olson, Olc Mellum, Elias Brue, Sam Lovik, Halvor Anderson, John Melkild, Peter Brandall and others bespeak Norse integrity. A. B. Klaeboe, now a gold seeker in Alaska, was once a lead- ing business man of this city. Twelve years ago he estab- lished the first drug store in Stanwood, which he managed with notable success for a number of years. He was born in Norway where he graduated from college with distinguished scholarship. SCANDINAVIANS IN STILLAGUAMISH VALLEY. CHAl'TKR X. The Stillaguamish valley, spreading out for a consider- able distance on both sides of the wandering river, which starts in the green-clad hills, looming up in the southeast, and leaps gracefully downward to the citj' of Stanwood, where it disembogues its waters, is a fertile plain, running through the forest for twenty-five miles, adorned with royal farms and three happy villas — Florence, Norman and Silvana. Thirty years ago this noble stretch was the home of wild beasts, but now settled by a jolly populace. Here the Scandinavians found a field that hit their fancies — plenty of work and rich soil. The first Scandinavian to brave this wilderness was Sivert Guligson Brekhus, a native of Voss, Norway, who emigrated to America, 1S62, spent eleven years in the east combatting for success in divers avenues, and in 1S73 entered the mouth of the Stillaguamish river. He proceeded up the stream which was choked with angry snags and stubborn logs. No less than four jams impeded his progress. Mr. Brekhus has been a man of unusual strength, and possessed of a heart that knew no fear. On one occasion, in earl}' days, a red savage attacked him in Stanwood. Mr. Brekhus was alone which gave his heathen aggressor, surrounded by a bloodthirsty horde of his race, lust for blood, and, like a devil in flames, seized a manageable piece of timber and sought to convert the white man to a heap of jellj'. The brave X'ossing approached him 158 SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. and the following words burst from his lips, " H vis du inhji parsa dig ska eg slaa huvii ini niajin paa dig." The red skins understood the depth of his voice, and skulked away. Ah ! picture to yourself the hardship ! All the provisions had to be canoed from Seattle, and four boats were required to reach Mr. Brekhus' ranch. Many struggles did this val- orous pioneer pass through. Once he carried a barrel of herring on his shoulders over the four jams, and at another time a big cook stove. Iver Furness. father of John Kurness, the Norman mer- chant, has also partaken of the trials and difficulties common to pioneer encounters. As early as 1879 ^^ dates his first peregrination on Stillaguamish river. Like other adven- turers he endured many days of hardship, anxiety and worry. Supplementary to the toil for subsistence, the savages cast chilly currents through his soul. The Sauk Indians, rav- aging in Skagit county, were dreaded like devils. One day the report reached the home of Iver I"'urness, while relishing a healthy dinner, that the Sauks were paddling up the river for a bloody massacre. Mrs. Furness was thrown into a trance of fright, rushed for the door with knife in hand to take refuge in the woods. Johnny, her son, grabbed the fire-lock to protect their home, but, lo ! it was only an Indian scare. Iver Johnson, the pioneer merchant of Silvana, and the popular county commissioner, was born in Opdal, Norway, 1848. After graduating from the public schools, he took a SCANDINAVIANS IN STILLAGUAMISH VALLEY. 159 1 "i^ IVKB Johnson. 16U SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. course in the higher branches of learning by private tuition, and in 1869 sailed for the United States, selecting South Dakota for his first abode in the New World. In 1875 he took another step westward, locating at Port Gamble, Wash- ington, where he worked in saw mills for two years. Return- ing to South Dakota, he was married to Martha Haugan, a charming young lady, but to his sorrow she withered for the grave after four years of matrimonial happiness. He recrossed the Rocky Mountain the same year, settling in the Stillaguamish valley, worked in logging camps and cleared land for sometime, then embarked in general merchandise at Silvana, the first store in the Stillaguamish valley. He sold out his interests at Silvana to accept a clerkship in D. O. Pearson's store in Stanwood, which he abandoned after five years of faithful service to assume the position as deputy county auditor. In 189S he was elected to the office of county commissioner of Snohomish county in which capacity he is now working with credit to himself and to his constituents. He was married the second time, in 1SS7, to Miss Maria Funk, an accomplished lady of Norse extraction. Halvor Helvy, an intelligent farmer near Silvana, figures among the first pioneers. He was born in Norway, and came to Stillaguamish from South Dakota, 1878. E. A. Heviy, the popular merchant of l-'lorence, and one of the brightest business men on the Sound, was born in C)i)dal, Norway, February 28, 1866, came to America, 1878, and the same year landed on the Pacific coast. After receiving a com- SCANDINAVIANS IN STILLAGUAMISH VALLEY. 161 102 SCANDINAVIANS ON THK PACIFIC. mon school education, he took a course in the state University of Washington. For years he was employed as clerk, but in 1 89 1 became the sole owner of a large mercantile establish- ment, which he is conducting with marked ability. Mr. Hevly is a congenial man, honest, honorable and energetic. John I. Hals, proprietor of Hals' shingle mill, located across the river from Florence, is a true type of Xorse man- hood. He was born in Norway, came to Stanwood, 1SS2. worked four years in a saw mill at Utsalady, and in 1SS9 bought from Munson, Johnson and Company a shingle mill standing one mile east of Stanwood, the first Scandinavian shingle mill in Snohomish county. Cedar timber was getting scarce and a change of location became advantageous. To effect this he sold his mill, bought eightj' acres of laud further up the river, and built a new mill, of which Mr. Hals is the sole owner. The author does not believe in plowing up the field of exaggeration, and so far as the personage in question is concerned no occasion affords an opportunitj'. The men working for Mr. Hals speak in more elociucnt language than my pen. In a word, Mr. Hals is a gentleman, kind, intelli- gent and generous. Roud Florence are also other Scandinavians who have scattered lifiht of melioration. Flowery meadows and royal dwellings join to pronounce their industry and rank of intelligence. Mr. Myro is an early pioneer and a thrifty Dane, Taral Larsen is a prosperous farmer, a native of Norway, who has shared the struggles of frontier life, Hd. Hanson, also a SCANDINAVIANS IN STILLAGl'A^rl^ KS'>>. SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 185 one at Seattle and one at Fir. Their children, who are now combating with the turmoils of the world, are well educated and highly respected. Jennie is married and lives in Seattle; Axel and Eric are connected with the Poison and Wilson Hardware Co., established in Seattle and La Conner ; Victor is married to an esteemed lady, Aliss Marie Paulson, and runs the farm ; Minnie is postmistress at Fir and a teacher of music, Howard sleeps in the grave, and Otto stays home. Andrew N. Crogstad, a leading citizen, a man of honor and intelligence, has shared the difficulties of the frontier. He v.-as born in Trondhjem, Norway, 1852, received a good schooling and in February, 1S72, left his fatherland for Dunn county, Wisconsin, and five j^ears later disembarked in the Skagit valley. He turned his attention to logging and farm- ing. A beautiful farm, surrounded by a wealthy orchard, stands as a pride to his energy. He has seen days of roman- tic awfulness, once hazardous, but now pleasing reminiscences. The flood has always been a dread, and many frights has it caused. One Fourth of July Mr. Crogstad went to Fir to celebrate the independence of his adopted country. The morning was bright and prognostic of a pleasant time. Re- turning home during gray twilight, a seething, rolling sound floated down on the breeze, and ere they realized the cause, water crept up to their feet. The ladies were frightened out of their wits and took to screaming, which seems to be their only alternative in time of danger. Mr. Crogstad and his 1.S6 SCANDINAVIANS IN SKACJIT VALLEY. SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 187 188 SCANDINAVIANS IN SKAGIT VALLEY. companion understood the predicament, slung the ladies on their backs and pranced home, thus avoiding a disastrous outcome. In 1887 he was married to an estimable lad}', Miss Wil- helmina Augusta Jensen, born in Scleswig, Holstein, 1863, of Danish parentage, and came to America, 1S75. They have five children, four girls and one boy; Alvina, Emma, Lottie, Clara and Maurice. One not accustomed to pioneer life in the forest can hardly conceive its man}' romantic features. To live on the bank of a big river, rolling and moaning in tireless monotony, and huge trees praying and howling to the wroth of the wind, and frisk}' brutes gamboling in wild frolics, and Indians skulking in stealthy moods, is something awe-inspiring. On a jolly morning, Charles Mann, the pioneer merchant of Fir, reconnoitered in the woods behind his store, add to his awe, stumbled "into a hideous infernal, which was afterwards discovered to be an Indian cemetery. Ah, terror! hundreds of Indians were hanging in the trees, some nude skeletons, some with the hearts torn out of their mutilated frames; owls and crows were sailing on evil wings among the ghastly dead, and horror seemed to reign in every bush. This finding startled the whole town, and into the woods rushed young and old; flames sprang into the air and swept through the forest, and the dead Indians dropped from a hanging hell into a burning one. The flood of 1887 spread consternation throughout the bCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 189 community. The water leaped down from the mountains in savage furj- and scattered the dykes to the briny billows, busy hugging the beach below. Houses set sailing down the valley in tipsy joltings, and logs went chasing each other in mad bewilderment for the sea. The deluge broke into Alann's store and rose to the depth of three feet. Mr. Mann was alone in the store, and to drive awaj- loneliness grabbed the fish line and commenced angling, caught two mountain trouts by the counter. During the same flood Mrs. Mann was sitting in the Fir Hotel chatting with some friends, and before they were aware of the enormit}- of the water they went sailing on their chairs around the room. In and around Fir live a number of Scandinavians who have witnessed frontier encounters, but their earlj' struggles have become pleasing revels for a fanciful imagination, as the late 3'ears have crowned their efforts with success. Olof Poison, a son of Sweden, and at present mayor of La Conner, was along with the first brigade of pioneers that scattered themselves in the valle}'. Ole Lonke, born in Norway, and a prosperous farmer, about a mile from Fir, located here over twenty years ago. Ole Johnson, also a native of Norwaj', has resided here over two decades, and Peter Olson dates his arrival still further back. Among the more recent settlers who have proved valu- able exponents are: John Hanson, August Johnson, Even Handstad, John Kragnes, Ole Kvande, Knut Lange, Sivert 190 SCANDINAVIANS IN SKAGIT VALLEY. Sande, Ole Olson, Lars Engen, G. O. liranstad, Lars and Nils Danielson and Elik Johnson. Proceeding up the river we find many Scandinavian pioneers who rank among the most prominent citizens; viz., Peter Egtvet, Ole N. Lee, Frank Tollefson and Magnus Anderson. At Skagit City, N. Erickson, Alfred, Edwin and Herman Johnson are representative farmers who have spared no time for the upbuilding of the countr}-. Rev. John Johnson, presiding elder of the Swedish Methodist church, who resides at this place, is a noted man, being a gifted rhetorician and an able pulpit orator. To the east of this happ^- village spreads out a fertile plain which sweeps up into a proud elevation, called Pleasant Ridge, the home of the old pioneer, Charles John Chillierg, and two of his sons, Isaac and James. Here we find also a num- ber of other Scandinavians ulio have shared the l)urden of early struggles. Four miles up the river from Skagit City stands the jolly city of Mt. X'ernon, which has within its boundary many prominent men from the shores of Norway and Sweden. The two leading merchants of the city are Norwegians — Louis Foss ami X. J. Moldstad. Louis Foss is well known throughout the Pacific country, being the first Scandinavian state senator in Washington. He was born in Norway, 1S49, received a liberal education, grad- tiated from college at nineteen, and shortly after emigrated to America, locating in Wisconsin. He worked four years as SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 191 192 SCANDINAVIANS IN SKAGIT VALLEY. scaler of logs on Chippewa river; went to the Dakota Black Hills during the excitement of 1875, where he remained two years working in the mines. From whence he went to Zum- brota, Minnesota, to assume the management of a large merchan- dise store, in which capacitj* he labored faithfully for five years. His name had acquired a favorable clang among the people and the city of Fosston was christened to his honor. In 18S7 he disposed of his interests in Minnesota and moved to Tacoma, Washington, where he engaged in real estate, and entered mercantile business at Mt. \'ernon and Buckley. Five years later he was elected state senator from Pierce county, and served his state with honor for four years. At the expira- tion of his senatorship he removed with his family to Mt. Vernon, where he now resides, and owns a big mercantile establishment, The Fair. He has also a large store of similar kind in Anacortes which his eldest son is managing. Mr. Foss is not only a man of business aptitude, but also a man of character, fidelit}' and honor. N. J. Moldstad merits the appellation of "progressive business man." He was born in N'cslre Toten, Norwaj', April I, 1863, where he obtained his early education. July 2, 1876, he sailed for America, settling at De Forest, Wisconsin, and shortly after entered his brother's dry goods store. His next move was to Lanesborough, Minnesota, where he secured a clerkship with a big mercantile firm, afterwards as- sumed a similar vocation in Minneapolis. From whence he turned his attentitm to North Dakota, embarking in store SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 193 194 SCANDINAVIANS IN SKAUIT VALLEY. and banking business for himself. The Paci6c had become a fascinating field, sold out, and crossed the Rocky, locating in Tacoma, where he established a shoe store. Another journey seemed to emphasize business progress, disposed of his estab- lishment in Tacoma and engaged in dry goods and clothing in Mt. Vernon. The last years he has also given due considera- tion to the Alaska gold fields, being interested in several claims around Dawson. In 1S93 he took a trip to Europe, traveled in England. France, Germany and the Scandinavian countries. In 189S he was married to an estimable lad}' in Mt. Vernon, and spent his honej-moon journej-ing in Califor- nia, the Southern states and New York, visited Washington and shook hands with President McKinley. On returning took in Chicago and other large cities. Mr. Moldstad is a republican in politics and has been delegate to county and state conventions, but has scoffed at the idea of seeking any office. He is like Mr. Louis Foss, of the same citj^ in being a true gentleman, respected and respectable. SCANDINAVIANS IN BELLINGHAM BAY. CHAPTER XUI. It is but few places where nature has been so kind and lavishing with her store of grandeur as in Bellingham Bay. Sweet in music, the happy ripples dance to kiss the pebbled borders of the twin cities — New Whatcom and Fairhaven. Above the din of their tumults stands the white-haired Mt. Baker with a snowy hood drawn down his broad shoulders, throwing glimpses of awe over a gay landscape. About four miles from these sister cities smiles Lake Whatcom, where living gondolas ride on its glassy bosom from shore to shore. In early days Scandinavians gave heed to this happy land of verdure and songs. About forty 3'ears ago the}^ visited the bay and reconnitered the country. Eversou, a Norwegian by birth, was among the first pioneers. The last ten years a number of Norwegians, Swedes and Danes have located in both New Whatcom and Fairhaven, and rank among the leading business men of the two cities. O. B. Barba, a prominent lawyer of New Whatcom, born in Norwa}-, but raised and educated in Wisconsin, came here, 1890, and has steadily invited the confidence of his country- men and the people in general. Ole Oien has the honor of being the first Scandinavian elected to county office in Whatcom county. He was born in Toten, Norway, came to Bellingham Bay several years ago, and at the last election was chosen to the office of county 196 SCANDINAVIANS IN BELLINCillAM HAY. clerk. He is a man of energy' and intelligence, and may rise to higher trust and honor in the gift of the people. SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 197 Olaf Udness and Charley Erholm, the former born in Norway and the latter in Finland, emigrated here, 1889. They are proprietors of the Pacific Steam Laundr}^, and prominent in business and social circles. Thomas Dahlquist, a native of Sweden, and one of the leading grocers in New Whatcom, landed in Bellingham Bay, 1889, and has gained the esteem of all the people. His wife was born in Norway and is regarded as the foremost Scandi- navian lady in the cit}\ John Larsen, owner of the only first-class music store in Bellingham Bay, is an able business man. His wife is an influential member of the Norwegian Synod church. A. G. Wickman, born in Sweden, cast his eye for the first time over Bellingham Bay, August 2, 1SS9. He is a man of keen intellect and sound judgment, and possesses the air of a true gentleman. He is a merchant tailor and enjoys a lucrative business. P. Osberg and George Martinsen are well-known con- tractors, the firm being Osberg and Martinsen. Aly pen would not be true to these gentlemen without the following assertion : " Osberg and Martinsen's ingenious work has commanded technical honor to the Scandinavians." P. Jacobsen, a son of Denmark, is likewise a man of mechanical aptitude. He is a skillful blacksmith and a true gentleman. In Fairhaven we find many popular Scandinavians, men who are held in high esteem by the people. Rev. T. J. Aloen 198 SCANDINAVIANS IN BELLINCJHAM BAY. is one who enjoys the respect and love of the communitj'. He was born in Talgen, Norway, where he received his earlj' education. In 1879 he graduated from Haniar Serainariuni, among the highest in scholarship, and two years later emi- grated to America, where he secured a position as teacher of religion. His ambition was to be a minister of the gospel, and in 1SS9 entered Augsburg Seminarium, spent one year in the academic department, then stept into the theological col- HlSllIM. IN nKI.l.IM.IIAM Ba\ lege and graduated with honor after three years of diligent study. He came to New Whatcom seven years ago as pas- tor of the United Lutheran church, and has met with suc- cess in his responsible vocation. Mrs. T. J. Moen, a lady of intelligence and fine training, was born in Rollag, Numedal, Norwaj-, and came to America while a lass of six years. At the age of nineteen she was united in holy matrimou}' to Rev. T. J. Moen. She is an earnest worker in the Sunday school, likewise attentive to her fireside duties. SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 199 J. M. Scarseth and Chris. Grue, proprietors of the Wis- consin Grocer}', rank as the foremost merchants of Fairhaven. Scarseth was born in Wisconsin of Norwegian parents and Grue in Norway. They came to Bellingham Bay, 1S89. Henry Christian Kngeberg is a Dane by birth, a fine scholar and a careful druggist. He is a graduate of the University of Copenhagen and came to Fairhaven ten years ago. B. W. Benson, a real estate dealer, is a man of true Norse type, social, honest and intelligent. He was born in Norwaj', and came to Bellingham Bay, 1S89. A. L. Stenvig, the only merchant tailor in Fairhaven, traces his birthplace to Norway. He came to this city ten years ago, worked for others at first, but now ov.-ns a paying establishment. Gust. Linden, a native of Sweden, O. M. C. Henning and Chris. Keel, born in Norway, have been in Fairhaven since 1890, and have worked themselves up from meager circum- stances to affluence and honor. The}- are representatives of the industrial classes, possessed of mechanical ingenuity and prominent members of the Lutheran church. Mrs. Henning, wife of O. M. C. Henning, is a woman of learning and elevated character, being an energetic worker in the United Lutheran church. Her oldest daughter, Mrs. Richard, is a popular teacher in the city schools of Fairhaven. SCATTERED SCANDINAVIAN COMMUNITIES, POULSBO AND OTHER PLACES. ClI M'TKR \I\-. AT I'on.^lto liAY- The rippling bells are ringing, The driiid woods are singing, And mellow throats hang on the air Pouring their hearts into music rare. Ever ringing. Ever singing. At Poulsbo Bay. Nature's soul in rapture smiling, Hillocks green the sunbeams climbing; When morning bursts on pearl-set wing, The vocal harps of the forest sing, Sweet freedom's air. In sunshine fair, At Poulsbo Hay. Jingle, jingle, ever chiming, Sea and land together rhj'ming. Sweet poets untaught singinu'. Nature's God to me is ringing. Rapture chiming. Grandeur smiling, .\t Poulsbo Bav. SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 201 On a sunny slope slowly rising from the merry sheet of golden water, stands the town of Poulsbo, in Kitsap count}-, about twent\--five miles northwest from Seattle. A smiling tongue of the Sound is rippling into the land, and here and there a green nose is pushing itself into the brine as tr5'ing to contest with the elements of the deep. Sweet melodies spring from the laughing ripples, and sail on the wings of lazy zephyrs to cheer the ears of the village. This musical bay is a natural abode for Scandinavians who are wont to the songs of happy fjords. As earl 3- as 1S75, Ole Stubb stranded his skiff on the shore of this vocal stretch for permanent nestling. He was born in Norwa}-, and has witnessed days of divers struggles, interlaced with days of sunshine. A year later Fred Landstone pinned his lot to a piece of land about ten miles east of Poulsbo, and in 18S3 Jorgen Eliason was attracted to the bay, and has ever since been instrumental in shaping the afifairs of the community. He is a native of Norway, landed in Michigan, 1S70, and has proved himself a man of honor and intellectual capacity, a true representative of Norse simplicity and manhood. I. B. Moe arrived simul- taneously and has been a potent factor in a multitude of enterprises. Torge Jensen, a prominent citizen of Poulsbo, a man of integrity and intelligence, was a member of the earlj'^ brigade of pioneers. He was born in Norway and came to Poulsbo from South Dakota. He has been one of the foremost men to look after the interest of the place, educationally and otherwise. 202 SCANDINAVIANS IN l'< >l|.si{(>. SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 203 Nils Olson, also of Xorse birth, merits a footing among the first settlers and deserves the encomium due a man of honesty and noble aims. Among the business men of Poulsbo, Adolph Hostmark carries the honor of being the first merchant. He erected a store fifteen N-ears ago, and conducted a general merchandise establishment until his death. Some j'ears subsequent Lars Christensen engaged in mercantile business and his career has been an uninterrupted success, characteristic of industry and uprightness. Lars Christensen was born in Thisted, Denmark, 1S44, received a common school education, spent j-ears on a large plantation as foreman and assistant manager. In 1872 he emigrated to America, selecting Marquette, Michigan, as his favorable place for dwelling. He worked on the docks and at other manual labor until 1875, when he migrated to Brook- ings county, South Dakota, where he engaged in farming. After twelve years of varied experiences on the Dakota prairies he turned his attention to the Pacific, arriving in Poulsbo, 1S87, where he embarked in clearing land and ranching. A beautiful place in the heart of the smiling villa bespeaks his pluck and industry. In 1S93 he launched into general merchandise, which he later converted into a dr\- goods store. Mr. Chris- tensen has always been a prominent member of the Lutheran church and a true republican in politics, and in every walk of life a loyal citizen, honest, intelligent and respected. He was married to an estimable lady in Denmark. The}' have one 201 SCANDINAVIANS IN I'OULSBO. SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC. 205 son, C. P. Christenseu, who was boru in Denmark, 1868, and came to America with his parents. He has inherited the traits of a noble father and mother and ranks among the best of men, endowed with a fine intellect and moral integrity. Ponlsbo has achieved what no other community on the coast has ventured to do. While the villa was in its early embryo a knot of pioneers organized and incorporated the M1.A.M1.K Advance Poulsbo Wharf and Storage Company, and built a substantial dock and warehouse, accessible b}- any steamer. The first steamer that cleaved the bosom of the deep be- tween Poulsbo and Seattle was the Quickstep, owned by John J. Hansen, who later built Hattie Hansen. But to burst the chains of monopolized transportation, and to usher pecuniar^' 20b SCANDINAVIAN'S IN POULSBO. relief to the toiling fanners, a sprinkling of valorous hearts, headed bj- Thomas Hegdahl and Xils Olson, perfected the organization of the Poulsbo-Colbj' Transportation Company, and built the beautiful steamer — Advance — which plies daily between Poulsbo and Seattle. The following are officers of the Poulsbo-Colb\- Trans- portation Company; J. A. McPherson, President; Peter Erlandson, \'ice-president ; C. P. Christensen, Secretary ; L. Christensen, Treasurer; J. W. Russell, Manager. Poulsbo has had its religious upheavals but aside from these fanatical revolutions it has scattered seeds of Christian principles. A fine Lutheran church tops a pleasant hillock as evidence of this statement. Rev. I. Tollefsen was summoned to the bay as the first gospel expounder who unveiled the gems of the Old Book according to Augsburgian theolog}-. Into his footsteps dropped Rev. H. Langeland who is yet a beloved representative of the Supreme Being in the charming town of Poulsbo. Many of the trance reports which have taken speedy wings for other climes have not been absolutely tru*.-. In justice to Rev. H. Langeland my pen cannot evade the decla- ration that he is a gentleman and a true Christian. The Orphans' Home, organized eight years ago, looms magnificently on a nicely trimmed knoll, overlooking a wizard landscape. Rev. Tollefsen is the father of the institution, but the people in general have given to it their unreserved support. During recent years, Poulsbo has made quick strides forward, no less than four stores and two hotels combine to SCANDINAVIANS ON THE rAClFlC. 207 signalize its progress. Langeland and Eliason are thrift}' grocers; Alf Hostmark conducts an establishment of similar nature; Thos. Hegdahl is a prosperous furniture dealer and L. Christensen a dry goods merchant. The farmers around Poulsbo have tendered read}- hands to any project tending to advance the interest of their villa. Steiner Thoreson and T. Paul- son have been active exponents in the divers avenues of mel- ioration, and A. V. Paulson, an ex-teacher of the public schools, has never been lagging when a new enterprise was to be rooted. Ole Thompson, A Talakson, A. O. Hagan, Chris. Williams and Ole Nelson figure among the early settlers. They are thrifty farmers and have contributed their time and energy for the good of the community. Nils Atleson, though recent colonist, has shared the burden of pushing the place to i 208 SCATTERED SCANDINAVIAN COMMTNITIES. the front. He is the leader of the United Lutheran church, and a man of intelligence and pluck. K. G. Steen and others have also proved worthy factors where skill and energy shine pre-eminently. The country surrounding Poulsbo is mostly* peopled with Scandinavians. Pearson, across the bay, is a thriving com- munity, principally settled with intelligent Swedes, who have spared no time to make their terra firma attractive. Breidablik, the home of the Paulson family, is an inviting place. As we recede further from Poulsbo we come to Seabold where many Scandinavians breathe happiness and prosperity. A short distance from this village lives C. Sanders, who was born in Sweden and came to Port Madison thirty-five j'ears ago. There are also other old settlers as A. M. Anderson and Chas. Olson. Across a pleasant elevation of land slowly falling to the sea we find the flower-besprinkled Rollingbay, where some early pioneers contend happily with the wile billows of the world. Martin Sunnes, Dona Falk, Andrew Sornsen, Nils Peterson, Peter liye, T. Siverson, Mrs. Hanna Johnson and C. Johnson were the first adventurers. There are other scattered Scandinavian settlements, but let it suffice, for this volume, by taking a step to Shelton, Mason county. Here we find the well-known Professor G. B. Gunderson and other prominent Scandinavians. Prof. Gun- derson has .served the people of his county as superintendent of the public schools and as representative in the legislation^ with marked ability and success. iQ^misiii^ (i:«^yL. W'f^l'f^ ■'^Wm' i^m^&t