-/f3 NEW YORK an, m H philapelphia. pa PORTI.AND. ORiTM DENVER , COL. k^iMBiittf Qatf nta f«^ ;Qr0fit PATENT AND TRADE-MARK LAWYERS 602 F STREET, NORTHWEST aia0lrt«0to«, S. C. 1. g*. A. HP^aHiHMi^itfttM 0^0mnmm |T j|lil ll | l»lllii f W i f ■■ ■ ■ !■ ■■ il" !■■■ M^^' ^^^I'^'r' fesTABLISHED 1861 ^ [ COPY B. j ' ^ ORIGINAL MEMBERS OF THE FIRM CHARLES MASON Formerly Commissioner of Patents ROBERT W. FENWICK Patent Counselor and Expert DE WITT C. LAWRENCE Attorney and Counselor at La^v EDWARD T. FENWICK Patent La^vyer and Trade-Mark Specialist Member of the Bar of thfe'Sipreme Court United States, and D. C. Court\)f Appeals : also Member of the Patent Bar Asso- cition of Washington, D. C. Copyright 1907 by Mason Fenwick & Lawrence All rights reserved TMP96-0^4755 i OFFICES . WASHINGTON, D. C. 602 F Street N. W., Hood Building-. NEW YORK, N. Y. 18-0 St. Paul Building-. PHILADELPHIA. PA. Edward P. Bliss, Representative, 700 Bailey Building-. CHICAGO ILL. Geo E. Wissler, Representative, First National Bank Building-. TACOMA, WASH. Lund & Stenberg, Representative, 601 Bernice Building. SCRANTON. PA. W. W. Baylor Representative, 420 Spruce Street. WILKESBARRE, PA. W. J. Trembath, Representative, Anthracite Building-. PORTLAND, ORE. A. E Veazie, Representative, Chamber of Commerce Building-. DENVER, COLO. Whithead & Shattuck, Representatives, 317-319 Colorado Building. SEATTLE, WASH. G. Ward Kemp Representative, 432 Burke Building. LOUISVILLE, KY. FoRCHT & Fields, Representatives, 20 and 21 Kenyon Building. OIL CITY, PA. John H. McGiLL, Representative, 27 Seneca Street. SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH. Stephen L. Richards, Representative 709 McCornick Building-. Our Forty-seventh Anniversary. 1861-1908. Forty-seven years' .active practice devoted exclusively to Patent Law and Patent Solicit- ing" is the announcement our firm makes this year to the public. During- this long- period we have been em- plo3^ed by some of the larg-est manufacturers and greatest inventors of the countrj^ and have been retained as counsel to defend some of the most important patents ever issued by the Patent Office; and have also been frequently eng-aged to contest patents where our clients were sued for infringement. We have prepared thousands of applications and prosecuted the same before the Patent Office, very many of which proved to be of great value to the inventors, who either built up an extensive business upon them or sold them for a large consideration. We can refer you to many inventors in all walks of life and located in every section of the country who have secured broad patents through us for valuable inventions and have realized handsomely as a sequence of having patents that protect. The most important thing next to having a valuable invention is to secure a patent with Claims which fully protect the invention, for no matter how important an invention may be, un- less claims are secured which full^'- protect the invention, the vital feature or features may pass to the public and the inventor go unrewarded. Wi^0 In other words, an invention does not secure to you any protection that is not g"ranted to you in tlie claims of your patent. We wish all inventors fully realized and appreciated this fact. If they did, there would not be so many worthless patents, unscrupu- lous attorneys would not be enabled to do such a thriving business, and inventors would be saved a large amount of money and often the loss of their inventions, frequently worth many thousands of dollars. If you have a patent and desire to know what protection is secured to you under the same, or if others are infringing on your rights and if 3^ou ean stop them, submit the matter to us and we will inform you fully on the subject. It is always best to have as an attorney one who is both a patent lawyer and a solicitor, and one who conducts patent suits in the courts, for the reason that he is more apt to appreciate the importance of securing broad claims and con- tending for the same before the Patent Office; and, furthermore, it is often better to have the same attorney conduct the litigation in the courts who prosecuted the application for a patent before the Patent Office. il^R0>B«B««a»^Bq«H OUR BRANCH OFFICES We have reg^ularl}^ established branch offices in the following- cities: New York, N. Y, 18-0 St. Paul Building-; Philadelphia, Pa., 700 Bai- lej^ Building; Chicago, 111., First National Bank Building; Tacoma, Wash., 601 Bernice Building Seattle, 432 Burke Building; Denver, Cole, 317 Colorado Building; Scranton, Pa., 420 Spruce Street; Wilkesbarre, Pa., Anthracite Bank Building; Portland, Oreg-on, Chamber of Com- merce Building; Louisville, Ky., No. 20 Kenyon Building; Salt Lake City, Atlas Block. On the inside of the back cover will be found the names of our representatives. The value of having our Main Office at Washington, D. C, needs no comment. OUR PATENT LAW AND SOLICITING BUSINESS has been longer permanently established than any other having its home office at the National Capital. The advantages of our direct communication and personal interviews with officials in the Patent Office in furtherance of the interests of inventors who are applicants for patents, need no comment from us; and our success is attested by the thousands of patents which we have pro- cured for inventors during the past forty-seven years of constant practice exclusively devoted to Patent and Trade-Mark Law Soliciting. In all that relates to patents, cop^^rights, 3V trade-marks it is proper to emphasize the fact that— '*He who would continue well Must start aright." 8 Patents, copyrig-hts, and trade-marks are the very ke3'stones of the industries which are built up upon them. If they are imperfect the arch will crumble and fall. Competent Attorneys. The Commissioner of Patents, in the Official Rules of Practice, sa3^s on the subject: "As the value of patents depends larg-ely upon the careful preparation of the specification and claims, the assistance of competent counsel will, in most cases, be of advantag^e to the appli- cant; but the value of their services will be pro- portionate to their skill and honesty, and too much care cannot be exercised in their selec- tion." Owing- to the fact that it is not required by law that a patent attorney shall be a skilled patent lawyer, competent to practice before the United States courts, and trained in the art of construing- and arg-uing- difficult points of law, such as are continually met in connection with patent cases in the Patent Office, as well as in the courts, a number of incompetent and cheap men have been encourag-ed to undertake to pro- cure patents for inventors, which prove not in- frequently worthless after they are issued. Therefore in this connection our firm may, per- haps, with propriety sug-g-est that when landed estate is to be purchased, prudent men employ acknowledg-ed competent counsel without reg-ard to the fact that they require their fee at the time of their emploj^ment; and that the confidence of the public in the title obtained is increased when it is known that such counsel were employed to conduct the business. It would seem that such rule should hold good in respect to patent prop- ^ft^ mm erty, which ofttimes exceeds m value landed estate. Patent law is undoubtedly the most subtle and intricate branch of the w^hole science of law; it is very rarely practiced by law3^ers who are not patent-law specialists, and often where reg"u- lar practitioners of unquestioned reputation are consulted in patent cases, they send their clients to us, finding" that the conducting of isolated cases would entail too much labor and study. The American Patent System has its foundation in Article I, section 8, of the Constitution, which declares '*That Congress shall have power ^ * ^ to promote the prog- ress of science and the useful arts by securing for a limited time to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective wn-itings and discoveries;" and in Article I, section 18: "To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers. ' ' Patents are granted for a period of seven- teen years, during which time the inventor, his assignee, or his legal representative has the exclusive right to make, use, and sell the same. A patent may be obtained by any person who has invented or discovered any new and useful art, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement theieof, not in public use nor on sale for more than two years prior to his application. Personal Presence in Washington. Usually a visit to the National Capital for the purpose of preparing and filing application papers for a patent necessitates a needless ex- mm^mmmimim$m^^m^m0timmm^0m^i^m0^^mtmm0mm0ti^^^mm 10 penditure of time and money, as the Patent Office officials cannot assist an inventor in the prepara- tion of documents, and the Rules require that the dravving-s and specifications shall be presented in a reg'ular and proper manner. If a client has the time and does not object to the expense, we are only too pleased to have him come to Washington, as we w^ould like to have a personal acquaintance with all our clients. We believe the closer the relation be- tween client and attorney the better. • Specification and Claims. The proper drafting- of the specification and claims, in the first instance, is one of the most important features of the patent practice, and too much care cannot be exercised in their preparation, as the validity of the patent de- pends upon the lang^uag-e employed in view of the prior state of the art; and a patent w^ould be worthless which contained defective or insuffi- cient specification and claims. The true value of a latent is determined by the character of the claims, supported by a correct drawing-, and a clear and exact description of the invention in the specification. The Claims usually deter- mine the scope of the patent. The Drawings form an essential part of the patent, as the value, antl even the validity, of a patent often depends on their clearness, accurac}^ and sufficienc3^ Drawings should be made under the careful supervision of a competent attorney, by a prac- tical mechanical draug-htsman, and care be taken that the invention is fully and clearly demonstrated. The drawings are required to 11 be made in accordance with technical rules of the Patent Office. Simply to have a showy drawing" is not sufficient. Our attorneys' fee includes the cost of the drawing's in an ordinary case. Ixamlnations as to Novelty are always advisable to be made before applying* for a patent for the purpose of ascertaining the prior state of the art, thereby determining w^hether it is advisable to file an application, and also to assist the attorney in drafting the specification and claims in view of such prior art. This examination ofttimes saves an in- ventor a useless outlay of from forty to forty-five dollars, viz., the attorney's and first Govern- ment fee. The United States Patent Office at Wash- ington is the only place where complete facilities are afforded for making thorough examinations as to patentable novelty and validity of patents, as at this place only are all of the patents granted in this and foreign countries accessible for examination. Free Examinations. There are some attorneys who are advertising to make ex- aminations free of charge. Some of them make hurried w^orthless searches, vs^hile others write and say that the in- vention is patentable if new, and advise a "special search" for which they charge $5,00. Their offer of a "FREE EXAMINATION " cannot be relied on. An opinion as to whether an invention is new and patentable, to be of any value, should be based upon a careful and thorough examination of all the patents in the United States Patent Office which have been granted on the particular line of invention. We make such an examination and give our legal opinion as to whether an invention is 12 patentable, in view of all prior existing- U. S. patents, for five dollars. Under this examination we furnish printed copies of all patents closely bearing- on the in- vention. As a g-re£it deal has already been patented in most of the arts, you can readily see that it is very important that an examination be made before a patent is applied for, and that the examination be made by a competent and honest attorney. An examination ofttimes saves an expenditure of from forty- live to fifty dollars. A Caveat may be filed by an inventor who has not fully completed his invention and desires protection during- the time he is experimenting-. It serves as a notice to the Patent Office that the caveator claims the invention as set forth in his caveat; and it prevents the g-rantof a patent to another person for the same alleged invention during- the term of the caveat, which is one ye^ir, without first giving- the caveator notice. At the end of that time the caveat ma}^ be renewed for a like period by paying- a new Government fee. Usually the filing- of a caveat is a needless expenditure of money, as often the invention is so nearly perfected as to warrant the filing- of a reg-ular application for a patent at once. Still it is well in many cases to file caveats. Design Patents are g-r anted for a term of three and one half years, seven years, or fourteen years, as the applicant may elect. Very often an ornamental form of construction which would not be the subject of a mechanical patent, but which it 13 would be important to protect as a product of a pattern or as an ornamental manufacture, can be secured under a desig-n application which would g-ive the inventor the desired protection. Often manufacturers get up patterns for a new article, and while the mechanism cannot be claimed as a new invention, a claim can be secured for the design or shape of the article, where the shape is ornamental. Thisclaim protects the manufacturer against copying pirates; and as it is often very difficult to employ another design or shape, without laying the imitator liable to the charge of in- fringement, such design patents often prove very valuable and important to a manufacturer. The cost for a design patent ranges from $35.00, $40.00 to $55.00 according to the term for which the patent is taken. Trade -Marks. Too much importance cannot be attached to the adoption and proper registration and publi- cation of a trade-mark. A patent protects the construction of an article or, in some cases the composition of matter, but does not protect its reputation or its name. Frequently an article, whether patented or not, is advertised at great expense. Originators of the brand bear this ex- pense; imitators do not. The originator should reap all the profits, but they are often divided by the pirates, unless the originator is fully pro- tected, as the pirates, who, putting up an inferior quality of goods and selling them as the brand advertised by the originator, injures the reputa- tion of the genuine article. The original manu- facturer, unless fully protected by a valid trade- mark, has then to adopt a new mark and commence all over again or else to degenerate 14 into making" cheap g-oods and enter into ruinous competition. Ample protection is furnished by a valid trade-mark. The mark should be selected as early as possible after manufacturing- is de- termined upon, and it should be most carefully chosen. The mark adopted may be a word, picture, configuration or a combination of one or more of them, but it must be fanciful or arbitrary in character, and neither descriptive nor deceptive, to entitle it to registration, except in the case of a mark which has been continuously used for ten years prior to February 20, 1905, the date on which the present trade-mark law went into effect. Upon request, we will send you free a circular setting forth briefly the reasons for and advantages of registering a trade-mark at the United States Patent Office, under the new law. Trade-Marks are registered for a term of twenty years, and any individual, firm or cor- poration domiciled in the United States or located in any foreign countr}^ which by treaty, conven- tion or law affords similar privileges to citizens of the United States, and who is entitled to the exclusive use of any trade-mark and uses the same in interstate commerce, or with foreign nations, or with Indian tribes, may obtain regis- tration, and such marks may be used by a person to designate a class of merchandise or particular class of goods to which they are applied, either by stamping, printing, painting or branding- thereon. The law gives proprietors of trade- marks the exclusive sale of their goods under their particular marks. Ore registration can cover any number of articles which the registrant is actually manufacturing- or selling, provided they belong to the same particular class. 15 Labels and Parts. A label is a device or representation to be affixed to an article of manufacture or vendible commodity. A print is a device or representation not to be affixed to an article of manufacture or vendi- ble commodity, but in some manner pertaining" thereto, as a pictorial or fanciful advertisement thereof, such as a display or show card or panel to be hung up. The requirements for registration are as follows: The print or label must not have been pub- lished. The label or print must possess some artistic merit and indicate pictorially or otherwise, the article or the contents of the article to which it is attached or which it advertises. All new labels or prints which you devise should be reg- istered before being used, and the following words printed thereon : Copyrighted 190-, by A. B. The term of a label and a print is twenty- eight years. The total cost for registering either a label or a print is fifteen dollars, including our charge for preparing and prosecuting the application. Copyrights. are granted for a term of twenty-eight years, and any citizen of the United States or resident therein who shall be the author, inventor, de- signer, or proprietor of any book, map, chart, dramatic or musical composition, engraving, cut, print, or photograph or negative thereof or of a painting, drawing, chromo, statue, statuary, and of models or designs intended to be perfected as 16 works of fine arts shall be entitled to a copy- right. The technical requirements of the law must be rig-idly complied with in order to obtain a valid copyrig-ht, and no author or intending- applicant for a copyrig-ht should under any circumstances put his work into print or publish or distribute a single copy of it before consulting us. The importance of this cannot be too strongly em- phasized. It is safe to estimate that at least one-third of the so-called copyrighted works are not in fact legally copyrighted and are entitled to no protection under the copyright law by reason of the fact that such works have been published before the copyrights were properly perfected. A copyright secures to an author, composer, or artist the exclusive right to manu- facture and sell or produce or reproduce his copyrighted work for a period of twenty-eight years. Appeals. When a primary examiner has finally re- jected an application for a patent, the law provides three appeals; one to the Examiners- in-Chief, one to the Commissioner of Patents, and one to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals. These tribunals reverse a large num- ber of the primary examiners' decisions. We prepare and argue such appeals on reasonable terms. Rejected Cases. A great many meritorious applications for valuable inventions stand rejected in the Patent Office from one cause or another. In some instances the specification or claims are not properly drawn, in others the references cited 17 ag'ainst the allowance of the application mig"ht be overcome by a proper amendment. Such cases should be submitted to a competent attorney for ' his opinion as to the best course to pursue. An examination and report in such cases costs only $5. Six months are allowed, after applications have been g-ranted, for payment of the final Government fee of $20. Often it occurs that inventors fail to pay these final fees within the allotted time, and in consequence of which the applications lapse. Such applications can be renewed at an expense throug-h us of $15, first Government fee, and $5 to $10 attorneys' fee. Opinions as to the infring-ement of one patent upon another, or of the validit^^of a patent in view of the prior state of the art, and questions as to the scope of the claim, often call for the exercise of the closest scrutiny and judg-ment, both with respect to law and mechanics. A person contemplating* the purchase of a patent should, before expending- a larg-e amount of money, ascertain if the patent is free from infring-ement, or that the claims and specification are so drawn as to properly pro- tect the invention, and owners of patents before commencing- suits for damag-es should be leg-ally advised whether their patents are valid. We render such services on reasonable terms. Infringement Suits. We conduct such suits, furnish expert testi- mony, prepare bills of complaint, answers, and arg-uments, also look up evidence for defense or prosecution as the case may be. Our experience and practice enable us to command every avail- able legal remedy in behalf of our clients. 18 Assignments. We make a specialty of searching- assiga- ment records and preparing- deeds of assignment, licenses, and agreements; the proper leg-al word- ing" of such instruments is very important, and too much care cannot be exercised in their preparation. Models. The Patent Office seldom requires models of inventors, but a clear roug-h model shov^ing" the details of the invention is very helpful in assisting" the attorney in preparing" the speci- fication. A Re-Issue is g-ranted to the original patentee, his legal representative or assignee of the entire interest where the original patent is inoperative or in- valid by reason of a defective or insufficient specification, or by reason of a patentee claim- ing as his invention or discovery more than he had a right to claim as new, provided the error has arisen through inadvertence, accident, or mistake, or without any fraudulent or deceptive intention. New matter, other than clearer and more correct elucidation of the original inven- tion, cannot be incorporated in the re-issue specification, nor in the case of a machine can the model or drawing be amended except each by the other. In view of several important de- cisions of the Supreme Court, patents to be re-issued should be submitted to counsel with as little delay as possible after their first issue, preferably within two years from the date of the patent. Any patent that is less than two years old can usually be re-issued with proper claims, 19 provided the claims set up in the re-issue were not canceled in the original application. Interferences are instituted for the purpose of determining- the question of priority of invention betv^een tv^^o or more parties claiming substantially the same patentable invention. The fact that one of the parties has already obtained a patent will not prevent an interference, for althoug-h the Com- missioner has no power to cancel a patent he may g-rant another patent for the same invention to a person who proves to be the first inventor. It is important that the interference proceedings should be conducted by an attorney thoroug-hly acquainted with the patent law practice, as questions relating* to joint inventorship, aban- donment, reduction to practice, and public use continually arise from the taking- of the testi- mony which should be very carefully treated. The Official Patent Office Gazette is kept on file in our home and branch of&ces, and we extend to inventors and others interested in patents, a most cordial invitation to examine the same at any time. The "Gazette" is published weekly at the Patent Office, and contains cuts of patent draw- ings and the claims of all patents issued during a week; together with brief descriptions and illus- trations of trade-marks, and important decisions of the Commissioner of Patents and the courts. mtmm\ip 20 We are not in the patent selling- business, thoug-h we frequently are employed to and do attend to drawing- agreements for sales, licenses, &c. , for our clients, but it has become customary for patent selling- ag-encies, often of irresponsible character, to flood the country with inquiries in reg^ard to the price of the lately issued patents, and requests for the rig-ht to sell them on more or less reasonable terms. These inquiries sug-- g-est that the parties inquiring- have observed the probable g-reat value of the patent referred to, but neg-lect to state that the same inquiries and statements are made by them simultaneously in reg-ard to every patent issued out of the Patent Office. Many of these ag-ents are totally unre- liable, and in justice to our clients we advise them to be very cautious in sig-ning- any contract with such parties or pa3dng- them money. 21 IMPORTANT TO TRADE-MARK USERS Since the passage of the new trade-mark law of February 20, 1905, there have been thousands of applications for the reg-istration of trade- marks filed. There is an impression current among" some trade-mark users that since priority in adoption and continued use determines the ownership of a trade-mark, it is an unnecessary expense to reg"ister trade marks. This is a mistake; the new statute is the National law of the United States and all owners of trade-marks should avail themselves of its protection, which is g-reater than they have at common law. Fur- thermore, the records of the U. S. Patent Office contain copies of nearly 50,000 trade-mark reg- istrations which are carefully examined before an application for registration is granted. Why You Should Register. The disastrous results of resting on common law rights in trade-marks can be seen in the large number of whiskey trade-marks which are nDW the subject of extensive litigation. Owners of whiskey trade-marks have usually rested on their common law rights with the result that in a number of cases as many as five firms have appeared as claimants of the same mark, giving rise to vexatious and expensive litigation. To avoid future trouble and expense, registration should be had under the National law. Other reasons for registering a trade-mark under the new law are: 1st. The U. S. Supreme Court has held that the old law does not protect a trade-mark used on goods sold in Interstate Commerce. The new law gives such protection. 22 It provides that a trade-mark may be reg"istered no matter for how short a time it has been used. 2d. It provides for the recovery of damag-es; the rig-ht to an injunction; the delivery up of infring- ing- labels for destruction, and the prevention of the entry of g^oods into this country bearing an infringing- trade-mark. 3d. It affords g-reater protection than is secured under the old lav;^ or at common law^. 4th. It provides for the regis- tration of a mark which has not already been registered or which is no longer in use by another; for the cancellation of a mark fraudu- lently or improperly registered; for the filing of opposition to an application for registration and for the declaration of an interference with a mark already registered. 5th. The g-overnment fee has been reduced from $25 to $10. If any one has registered your mark or has made application for the reg-istration of the same, you can file opposition to the registration or file a petition for cancellation or ask for an inter- ference. Upon request we will explain these different methods of procedure. What to Invent. Invent something the world needs. When a distressing- calamity occurs devise some means to avert such accidents. The fearful fires which have occurred in recent years, the frig-htful railroad wrecks of almost daily occurrence, accidents and disasters of every description, entailing the loss of life, labor, and material, suggest broad fields for the inventive mind. 23 TERMS ATTORNEYS AND UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT FEES. For a simple patent, including" one sheet of Official drawing's, usuall}^ ..... For a caveat, usually For a desig'n patent 3^ yrs. " a i i i i ij a i i ' For a re-issue patent For a trade-mark .... For a copyrig"ht .... Appeal to Exams, in Chief, varies . Appeal to Commissioner, varies Preparing- and recording- assig-nment Preliminary examinations as to novelty Charges for Foreig-n Patents will be found on pag-es 24-29. Note. — All business conducted through any one of our branch offices will receive the same careful attention as if done personally at the main office in Washington. 5^ 2 o $35 $30 $65 10 15 25 10 25 35 15 25 40 30 25 55 30 50 80 10 15 25 1 5 6 10 15 25 20 50 70 5 5 24 Instructions. Send us a clear drawing- or model of your invention, together with a full description of the same, and if you desire a preliininary examina- tion (see page 7) at the United States Patent Office enclose $5.00 to cover our charge for mak- ing the same. If you do not wish an examina- tion remit the attorney's fee, and when you return the application papers executed enclose $15.00 to cover the first Government fee. There is a final Government fee of $20.00 p?vyable at any time within six months after the application is allowed. If convenient call in person at our nearest office. Foreign Patents. We have correspondents in most foreign coun- tries which enable us to secure such patents on most reasonable terms and without delay. Most foreign patents are granted for a term of four- teen or fifteen years subject to the payment of prescribed taxes. Our charges, as set forth herein cover the taxes for one 3^ear, except in England, where we pay the same for four years, in Cimada for six years, and Mexico for five years. Under the law which went into effect January 1, 1898, patents can be taken out in foreign coun- tries upon inventions for which applications are pending in the United States Patent Office, before said applications issue, without liabilit}^ of limiting the term of the United States or for- eign patents or invalidating the same. In some foreign countries valid patents can be secured after the date of the United States patent. The patent laws of the United States provide six months after the allowance of an application 25 in which to pay the final Government fee of $20. This has proven a v^ise provision, because it enables an inventor to practically test his inven- tion to determine if it can be successfully pro- duced and is likely to prove a commercial success, and also give him an opportunity to file appli- cations for foreign patents, before paying final Government fee. We have representatives in the leading foreign countries, and have every facility for prosecuting foreign patents in the most careful and expedi- tious manner. Our foreign representatives are among the leading attorneys of their respective countries. The character of the attorney em- ployed has much to do with the character of patent obtained, whether foreign or domestic. Foreign patents should be applied for in most countries before the United States patents issue, as in some foreign countries valid patents can not be obtained after the date of the United States patent. This is not so, however, in all countries. The leading countries in which patents are usually taken by American inven- tors are Great Britain, France, Germany, Bel- gium, Russia, Italy, Austria, Hungary, Spain, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Portu- gal, Canada, Mexico, and the Australian Colo- nies. There are no patents granted in Holland, but trade-marks are registrable in that country. As is well known the Australian Colonies have been formed into a Commonwealth, and one patent and one trade-mark registration extends to all the Colonies except New Zealand. Great Britain. Great Britain includes England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and the Isle of Man. Term of patent fourteen years. Cost $65, including all 26 taxes paid for four 3'ears. Protection should be secured in this countr3^ A valid patent can be secured if applied for after the United States patent issues, if application is made not more than one year after date of application in the United States. We g-uarautee the g-rant of a patent in Great Britain. ProvIvSional Protection. — Provisional pro- tection corresponds somewhat to the filing- of a caveat in the United States, and gives the inven- tor nine months within which to file a complete application. The expense is $40, of which amount $25 will be credited on account of filing a complete application. France and Colonies. Term of patent fifteen 3^ears. Cost $65, includ- ing all taxes paid for one year and 1,000 words of translation. This is a good country in which to apply for a patent. We guarantee the grant of a patent in France. Germany and Colonies. Term of patent fifteen years. Cost $70, includ- ing all taxes paid for one year. We consider this an important country in which to secure protection. Patent must be worked within three years from date of patent. Germany is a pro- g-ressive countr}^ and rapidly adopting and per- fecting American ideas. Belgium. Term of patent fifteen 3^ears. Cost $50, includ- ing all taxes paid for one year. Belgium is de- cidedly a manufacturing country and sometimes ' is called the "America of Europe" because of ■ — ^ 27 this fact. We g^uarantee the grant of a patent in Belgium. The invention must be worked within one year of its commercial working in any for- eig-n country. Austria. Term of patent fifteen years. Cost $75, includ- ing all taxes paid for one 3^ear. Patent must be worked within three years from date of patent. Italy. Term of patent fifteen j^ears. (3ost S75, includ- ing all taxes paid for one year, and must be worked within two years from date of patent. Russia. We have greatly reduced our charge for secur- ing a Russian patent. The price is now $100, including all taxes paid for one year and 1,000 words of translation; each additional 100 words cost $1.00. The Russian Empire, with its vast population, includes Russia, Poland and Siberia, covering the enormous territory of 10,000,000 square miles. The population is double that of the United States. Hungary. Term of patent fifteen years. Cost $75, includ- ing" taxes for one year. Patent must be. worked within three years from date of patent. Spain. Term of patent twenty years. Cost $65, includ- 28 ing- taxes paid for one year. Patent must be worked within two years from date of issuance of patent. Denmark. Termof patent fifteen years. Cost $75. Patent must be worked within three years. Norw^ay. Term fifteen years. Cost $75, including- taxes paid for one year. The patented device must be placed on sale within three years from date of patent. Sweden. Term fifteen years. Cost $75, including taxes paid for one year. The patent must be worked within three years from date of patent. S^vitzerland. Term fifteen years. Cost $70, including taxes paid for one year. Patent must be worked within three years from the date of patent^ Portugal. Term fifteen 3^ears. Cost $100, including taxes paid for one year. Work must be effected witliin two years from date of patent. Canada. Termof patent eig-hteen years. Cost $50, in- cluding taxes paid for six years. Owing to the geographical nearness of this country to the 29 United States, it is important that protection should be secured in this country upon inven- tions which are patented in the United States. Notice of Intention to Apply. — The Cana- dian law provides for the filing- within three months after the issue of a United States patent, " Notice of Intention to Apply " for a patent in Canada, by filing- such notice with the Commis- sioner of Patents, and ary other inventor will be prevented from securing- a patent in Canada for the same invention. Our charg-e for prepar- ing- and filing- notice is $5.00. By filing- appli- cation at the time of taking- out the United States patent or w^ithin three months thereafter, the expense for filing- a Notice of Intention to Apply will be saved. Mexico. We have reduced our charg-e for securing- a patent in Mexico to $90, including- all taxes paid for five years, and including- one thousand words of translation. Each one hundred w^ords of translation in addition to the first thousand, $1 additional. Working- must be commenced w^ithin five years. It is often as important to have strong- foreig-n patents as it is to have broad United States patents. 30 Mechanical Movements. A careful study of the following- illustrations should prove interesting- and needful and also helpful in assisting- inventors in selecting a par- ticular mechanical movement upon which a cer- tain construction may be working. 1. Pulleys with a belt passing thereover. 2. The ordinary sliding clutch and pinions. 3. Means for imparting a jumping motion to a horizontal arm. A cam secured to a cog-- wheel alternately lifts and drops said arm. 7. Means for transmitting motion from one shaft to another, said shafts being- in the same plane but at right ang-les to each other. 8. Pulleys for lifting- weights. 9. An eccentric upon a revolving shaft adapted to impart a reciprocating movement to a yoke strap. 13. Means for imparting a partial revolution to a ratche:- wheel at the completion of each revolution of the main wheel. 14. A tilt hammer. The wiper-wheel lifts the hammer four times each revolution. 18. Means whereby the reciprocating- motion of a jointed rod produces an almost continuous rotary movement of the ratchet-face wheel. 19. Gearing for transmitting- a continuous rotary motion to a vertical shaft from a horizon- tal shaft by the alternate revolution of g-ears upon said horizontal shaft. These g-ears are loose upon their shaft, and have ratchets which are engaged by pawls fixed to the shaft. 20. Means for transmitting rotary motion from one shaft to another at right angles thereto. 31 £ ^^^!sm\wii///m ^^^ 18 19 M i I L J 32 4. Elliptical spur-gear for securing- variable speed. 5. Beveled gears. 6. Means for imparting an alternate rectilin- ear motion to a rack-rod by a continuously rotated mutilated gear. 10. Two forms of universal joints. 11. Differential gears. The inner and outer gears move in opposite directions at different speeds. 12. Different kinds of gear for transmitting rotary motion from one shaft to another arranged obliquely thereto. 15. Means whereby a reciprocating rectilin- ear motion of a vertical rod transmits an inter- mittent circular motion to a toothed wheel. 16. An ordinary sliding clutch and pinions. 17. Sun and planet motion. The outer gear is fixed to the connecting" link and moves around the axis of the fly-wheel. 21. Multiple gearing. The triangular wheel drives the large one. 22. A simple ore stamper or pulverizer. The plungers is raised and dropped twice for each revolution of the shaft. 23. Variable rotary motion .produced by uni- form rotary motion. mm 33 mtm0 1 6 22 M 23 iai«aa 34 24. Ordinary crank motion. 25. Air pump; piston motion. The racks are moved in opposite directions by the revolution of the g^ear. 29. Means for imparting- a reciprocating- recti- linear motion to an uprig-ht rod by rotating- an uprig-ht shaft having- an oblique disk secured thereto. 30. A heart-shaped g-roove eng-aged by a lever, is adapted to impart an irregular sv^ing-ing- mo- tion to said lever. 31. A triple cam adapted to lift the rod three times at each revolution of the disk to which said cam is secured. 35. Means whereby the rotation of two spur gears having- crank wrists produces variable alternating traverse of a horizontal bar. 36. Means for converting- uniform circular mo- tion into alternating motion. Cams are mounted upon a revolving- shaft and alternately lift and drop levers to which are attached rods. 37. An elipsog-raph. By attaching- a pencil or other instrument to the cross-bar ellipses may be readily drawn. Studs upon the bar engag-e the g-rooxes. 41. A vertically movable presser platen. This platen is secureti by a rod to a toothed sector pivoted within a frame and which receives mo- tion fiom a sm.ill pinic^n meshing therewith. 42. Means for converting- circular motion into variab e alternating rectilinear motion. A wiist- pin upon a revolving disk works within a slotted lever. 43. Means for converting circular into rectilin- ear motion. A waved wheel mounted upon a rotary shaft rocks a lever upon its fulcrum. 'Illustrations on page 37) 26. Crank-m )tiun. The wrist-pin upon the disk works within the slotted yoke. 27. Centrifugal governor for steam engines, etc. 35 31 36 fiftPM I 36 28. A lower fixed rack having- a g"ear mounted thereon and meshing- with an upper movable rack. As the pitman secured to the g-ear recip- rocates, said gear revolves and imparts a move- ment to the upper rack which is double that of the gear. 32. Means for producing- an uniform recipro- cating rectilinear motion by the rotary motion of a grooved cam. 33. A carpenter's bench-clamp. B}^ pressing- a strip ^igainst the crossed ends of the dogs, the rounded heads thereof will clamp said strip. 34. Means whereby a reciprocating motion is imparted to a frame by a continuously rotating shaft. This shaft has three wipers adapted to contact with inwardly extending- arms within the frame. 38. A fiddle drill. A strap is secured between the ends of a bow and encircles a shaft or drill which is revolved by the back and forth motion of the bow. 39. A crank substitute. Two loose pinions with reverse ratchets' are attached to the shaft with pawls on the pinion ratchets. Each rack meshes with the reverse ])inion for continual motion of the shaft. 40. Metal shears. The arm of the moving blade is raised and lowered b}^ the revolution of the cam. 44. " Lazy tongs. " A sj^stem of crossed levers pivoted together by which the amount of a recti- linear motion is increased b}^ the proportional number of sections in the tongs. 45. A rack adapted to receive rectilinear mo- tion by the rotary motion of toothed wheels mesh- ing therewith. 46. Means for converting reciprocating recti- linear motion into intermittent circular motion. mmmmi^^ 37 28 32 y/y-A-y-yy^/y^y. 38 47. Link motion for locomotives. The slotted link is moved up and down over the wrist pin block by the lever and connecting- rod ; the lever, locking- in the toothed sector, allowing- for a close connection to the valve stem by a lever and short connecting- rod. 48. Valve motion and reversing- g-ear. The slotted link receives a rocking- motion from the eccentrics and rods, and is thrown from its center either way for forward or back motion of the engine by the lever secured thereto. 52. Sing-le acting- pumping- beam. Parallel motion is received from a sector beam. The cylinder is open and the piston is lifted by the weig-ht of the pump rods on the other end of the beam. Movement of the piston is reversed by atmospheric pressure. 53. A g-yroscope or rotascope. The outer ring- is fixed to a stand. The intermediate ring- is pivoted vertically therein. The inner ring- is pivoted in the intermediate ring- at rig-ht ang-les thereto, and the g-lobe is pivoted at rig-ht ang-les to the inner ring-. 57. Diag-onal catch and hand g-ear used in larg-e blowing- and pumping- eng-ines. 58. Ball and socket tube joint. 59. Toe and lifter for w^orking- puppet valves in steam engines. The lower arm or toe is secured to a rock shaft operated from the engine shaft, and is adapted to raise and low^er the lift or upper arm w^hich is secured to the valve rod. 63. A swape, or New England sweep. The weighted end of the pole overbalances the bucket vso as to divide the labor of lifting the w^ater. 64. Ordinary screw-propeller. 65. Chain pump. 0^0mm 39 48 57 „ I M«»«k^h«|^N0Mirt«p 40 49. Safety stop for elevators. When the cable breaks, the bow spring- will force the plungers secured to the bell-crank levers outward into engag-ement with the racks. 50. Mangle rack, guided by rollers and driven by a lantern half-pinion. The long teeth in the rack act as guides to insure a tooth mesh at the end of each motion. 51. Breast w^heel. The power of this wheel equals about forty per cent, of the value of the water-fall flowing through the gate. 54. Wheel work used in the base of a capstan. The central gear is fast to the shaft. The inter- mediate pinions are loosely mounted upon a frame secured to the drum. The gear- ratchet ring- runs free on the shaft. 55. Scroll gears. For increasing or decreas- ing the speed gradually during one revolution. 56. Pantograph. For reducing or enlarg-ing copies of drawings. The free ends of the arms are provided with drawing instruments which are adjustable. The point of connection between the two intermediate arms is fixed. 60. A rotar}^ engine. This engine has two abutments and two inlet and exhaust ports. 61. A horse power tread wheel. The horse is placed below the shaft and between the spokes which are arranged at the sides of the wheel. 62. A four-wa^^ cock. 66. Rotary engine, in its simplest form. 67. Hydraulic ram. The " Montgolfier " idea for a fountain supplied by a water ram. 68. Means whereby rectilinear motion of vari- able velocity is imparted to a vertical bar by turning a shaft having a curved slotted arm thereto. «fi«p atf^p«w«tf«M»Bitfinfi 41 1 50 , 55 66 68 42 69. Friction g-ear. Variable speed is obtained from the pair of cone pulleys, one of which is the driver. The intermedieite double-faced fric- tion pinion is moved from one end to the other of the cones. 70. Barker wheel. The reaction of the water escaping- from the tangential orifices at the ends of the arms under the pressure of the water- head in the hollow shaft g-ives impulse to the wheel. 71. " Koot " rotary blower. The extended surface of the periphery of the wheels allows them to run loosely in the shell without friction, and with ver3^ small loss by air leakage. 75. Means for transmitting- rotary motion to an oblique shaft b3^ means of contacting- drums hav- ing- concave faces. 77. Multiple speed g-ear in line of shaft. The small intermediate g-ear is secured to the small shaft. The central intermediate g-ear is secured to the larg-e shaft, while the larg-e intermediate or end g-ear is fixed to the bearing-. The side beveled pinions are revoluble with the larg-e shaft. With this device speed may be increased or decreased on a continuous line of shafting- according- to the relative number of teeth in the different g-ears. 80. Cam bar valve movement. The horizontal movement of the cam bar by the bell cremk lever alternately moves the two valves. 81. Double acting- lift eind force pump. 82. Kack and pinion movement for tracing- spiral g-rooves on a cylinder. 86. Rotary multi-cylinder eng-ine. The cylin- ders revolve with the fly-wheel and the crank to which the pistons are secured is eccentric thereto. 87. Pendulum water lift. 88. Means whereby rectilinear vibrating mo- 43 7b 80 81 I 87 JL 44 tion may be imparted to a spindle having- an endless worm g^ear, by a spiir-g^ear sector. 72. An elastic wheel having- a steel spring- tire with jointed spokes. 73. Globoid spiral g-ear wheels. The revolu- tion of the g-loboid g"ear gives a variety of differ- ential motions to the spur g"ear, as it swings between the limits practicable with the globoid teeth. 74. Ratched head with spring- pawls. 76. A reversing- movement for a pump valve. The piston rod trip carries the ball frame beyond the level, when the ball rolls across and com- pletes the valve throw. 78. Tog-g-le joint cam movement, for throw ing- out a number of g-rips at once, by the movement of the jointed ring- within the disk. 79. Anchor escapement for clocks. 83. Rig-ht ang-le shaft coupling-. A number of rig-ht ang-le steel rods move freely in perforated g:uide flang-es on tl^e ends of shafts that are arranged at right angles. In this manner mo- tion may be imp^irted from one shaft to the other. 84. Grooved friction gearing. 85. Revolving rapid blow hammer. 89. Mangle wheel with equal motion forward and return. The end of the shaft of the pinion is si id ably mounted within the groove and retains said pinion in mesh. 90. Tin-tooth wheel and pinion. 91. Disk shears. ■a^ 45 79 fc^ 46 Important Notice. The value of an invention is lost to the inven- tor unless broad claims are secured. Be c^ireful in your selection of an attorney. Law^ Points for Inventors. Two years' public use before applying" for a patent abandons the invention to the public. An employer, merel}^ as such, has no rig-ht in the inventions of his employee, unless there be a naked license to use or sell the invention in his ordinary business. Where a workman makes an invention at the expense of his employer and applies the inven- tion practicall3^ in the employer's business the emplo3^er has an implied license to use the specific machine after the relation ceases, and also to use the invention in his own business for his own benefit without accounting- to the inven- tor. We are of the opinion that the employer could not g"rant licenses to others to use the in- vention. The patent would have to be applied for in the name of the actual inventor, and under no circumstances could be applied for in the name of the emplo^^er. The title of the patent would be in the inventor and not in the emplo3^er. The rights conferred by the patent laws of the United States upon an inventor do not inter- fere with the police powers of a State, or the right of a State to tax patented articles the same as other articles; nor with the right of the State to require a license to sell patented articles, but a State can not tax the letters patent itself. Where a debtor who is a patentee, refuses to assign his patent to his creditor, a court of equity will compel the patentee to assign his patent to a trustee or receiver with power to sell for the satisfaction of the judgment debts. 47 While a valid patent can not be obtained for an invention which has been "in public use or on sale " for more than two ^^ears prior to the filing" of the application for patent, a use which is merely experimental, and does not amount to a public disclosure or introduction of the inven- tion will not bar a valid patent being" g-ranted. Public use of an invention for more than two years prior to filing- an application for patent therefor, with or without the consent of the inventor, will bar a patent. This question has been passed upon by the United States Supreme Court, and notwithstanding- a number of prior decisions by various circuit courts of the United States holding- that the two years' public use must be with the consent or allowance of the inventor, the Supreme Court held that a public use for more than two years before the filing- of an application would bar a patent, reg-ardless of the consent of the inventor. A patentee who shows or describes a feature in his patent for which he makes no claim is debarred from subsequently securing- a patent for that feature. See that all features are claimed. After the conception of an invention the inven- tor may emplo}^ a mechanic to aid in the con- struction of a model or full workin^^ machine, and althoug-h such mechanic may furnish sug-- gestions as to details the product will be the invention of the employer. In other words, an inventor may avail himself of the services of skilled laborers or mechanics, and sug-g-estions or improvements coming- from them will be con- sidered part of the orig-inal in\ention. The year limitation does not mean that the prosecution of an application must be completed within a year, but that an application must be acted upon within a year after the last official action, By this means an application can be 48 kept alive for a number of years. This, how- ever, is not encouraged by the Patent Office. In passing upon applications for patent, the Patent Office does not consider the question of infringement. That is to say, it frequently grants patents for improvements on prior patents which are within the terms of the claims of such prior patents, but contain novel and patentable features not disclosed in the latter. In such cases the latter patent covers only the new or improved features, and is subordinate to the broad claims of the prior patent. It is the duty of patentees to mark patented articles \vith the word "Patented," together with the da}^ and year the patent was granted or when, from the nature of the article this can not be done, by affixing to it or to a package con- taining the article a label containing a like notice. In case of failure to do this the patentee, in case of suit for infringement, can not recover damages except b}- proof that the defendant was duly notified of the infringement and continued to infringe after such notice. While a patentee is restricted to the terms of his claims, his patent cannot be evaded by sub- stituting clear equivalent features of the patented machine, as, for example, a weight for a spring. The Patent Office has no power co annul a patent after the grant. This can onl}^ be done by some court of the United States. The Office ma3% however, as the result of an interference proceeding between a patentee and an appli- cant, grant a second patent for the same inven- tion to the applicant, who may then have the first patent annulled by court proceedings under the law. Sketches or drawings of inventions, particu- larl^' if dated and witnessed are important as evidence in case of an interference contest, and L ^t^mi^m^aimmma^imm0^mm0m0 49 for this reason it is wise for inventors to pre- serve them, as well as models or patterns of their inventions. Inventions of an injurious or fraudulent char- acter, such as imitations of standard articles of food, and those against public morals, as gambling" devices, are denied protection by the patent laws. Under the rules of the Patent Office no new matter can be introduced in a pending applica- tion, and no changes of construction can be made after the application is filed. A new combination of old elements which pro- duces a new or improved result is patentable. A change in the shape of an article which adapts it to perform new functions is an inven- tion. The substitution of one material for another in the construction of an article or machine does not amount to a patentable invention unless a marked difference in result is effected. A reconstruction of a machine, so that a less number of parts will perform all the functions of the greater, may be invention of a higher order, but the omission of a part, with a corre- sponding omission in function, so that the re- tained parts do just w^hat they did before the combination, can not be other than a mere mat- ter of judgment, depending upon whether it is desirable to have the machine do all or less than it did before. 50 [From Washington Times, Jan. 28, 1906.] MASON, FENWICK & LAWRENCE, Leading Patent Lawyers. This well known patent, law and soliciting firm was established in 1861 by Hon. Charles Mason, formerly Commissioner of Patents; Hon. Robert W. Fenwick. a patent counselor and expert and member of the City Council, and Hon. De Witt C. Lawrence, formerly Acting Chief Clerk and a member of the Board of Appeal of the U. S. Patent Ofifice. In 1891 Mr. Edward T. Fenwick, a member of the bar of the Supreme Court of the United States and the District of Columbia Court of Appeals and Supreme Court of the Di'^trict of Columbia, as well as of the various Circuit Courts of the United States, was admitted as a partner to the firm, Mr. E. T. Fenwick is an active 5'oun? business man and prominently identified with various business, re- ligious, fraternal, and social interests of the Na- tional Capital. He was the first treasurer of the D. C. Christian Endeavor Union, is an officer of one of the leading churches in Washington, and was twice elected superintendent of the Sunday school of that church. He is a prominent m.ason. The firm of Mason, Fenwick & Lawrence is the oldest in the United States having its liome office at the National Capital, and during its long exist- ence has secured thousands of broad patents for valuable inventions, besides conducting suits in the various courts for the infringement of letters patent and in defense of suits brought against clients. This firm numbers among its clients some of the most prominent manufacturers and inven- tors of the country, some of whom they have served for twenty or thirty years, whi'h evidences the satisfactory character of the work performed and their manner of conducting business, 51 LETTERS OF COMMENDATION. We only have space to present a few letters of commendation. We will cheerfully furnish the names of inventors in most every State and County in the United States, who have secured patents through us, and whom you could address in reference to our standing- and method of con- ducting business. Letter from General W. S. Rosecrans, late Register United States Treasury at Washington, D. C. September 30 1892. Messers. Mason, Fenwick & Lawrence, Patent Attorne3^s, etc. Gentlemen: In response to the verbal request of your Mr. Fenwick it affords me great pleas- ure to authorize you to use my name as a refer- ence in your firm circular. Your large experience, extensive knowledge, and practice, tact, and known integrity are a guarantee to clients employing first-class service. I wish you the success you deserve. I am very truly j^ours, W. S. Rosecrans. Letter of General Robert E. Lee. Lexington, Va., 6th July, 1869. Gentlemen: Although I have had to decline requests for the use of my name as a reference liM 52 in consequence of the numerous applications received and my inability to reply to inquiries, I cannot refuse it to a firm one of whose mem- bers is my old friend and classmate,* Judge Charles Mason. It is therefore, at 3'our service if you desire it. Very respectfully your obedient servant, R. E. Lee. Messers. Mason, Fenv^^ck & Lawrence. Scranton, October 1, 1907. Messers. Mason, Fenwick & Lawrence. Gentlemen: After an experience of over twenty-five years in having- all my business with the Patent Office attended to by your firm, during- which time I have taken out a large number of patents, it gives me pleasure to state that I can recommend 3^our firm to inventors who desire to have their patent cases prepared and carried forward in an intelligent, pains- taking and reliable manner. Yours truly, Wm. McClavk. Utica, N. Y. October 1, 1907. Mason, Fenwick & Lawrence, Washington, D. C. Dear Sirs: It gives me great pleasure to be able to state that 3^ou have been my attorneys for the past twenty-five years. I have sold many of my patents, but have never yet been told of any weak feature in their wording, although they were subject to the scrutiny of the best experts * At We^ Point. 53 in the country. When we ask some one to g-ive up money for a patent, or are oblig^ed to defend it in court of justice, the weak features, if there be any, and their effects are obvious. Very respectfully j^ours, B. T. Steber. Seattle, Wash., April 15, 1904. Mason, Fenwick & Lawrence, Washington, D. C. Gentlemen: It gives me great pleasure to state that I am fully satisfied with your efforts which secured for me the valuable claims on my Automatic Ore Pulverizer. The machine has proven a marked success, and I am now com- pleting another invention which I expect to soon forward to you to have patented. Yours truly, Wm. F. McClellan. Seattle, Wash., April 16, 1904. Mason, Fenwick & Lawrence, Washington, D. C. Gentlemen: Since securing for me the com- prehensive patent on my machine for painting shingles, I have disposed of a small interest for $2,000 cash. The practicability of the inven- tion has been thoroughly demonstrated, and we are now erecting a large plant^to carr}^ on man- facturing. Yours truly, B. F. Smith, Vice-President, Black Diamond Paint Co. 54 The American Peroxide & Chemical Co. 88 Maiden Lane New York, Mar. 20, 1906. Messrs ; Mason Fenwick & Lawrence, New York City. Gentlemen: Referring to the work which you have done for us, we desire to say that in the way of attention, sug-gestion, advice and work we feel that you have given us excellent service, for which we are duly appreciative. ' Yours truly, E. B. Carroll, Vice-President. 55 REFERENCES Limited space permits us to insert the names of only a few of the many inventors and manu- facturers for whom we have secured broad patents, registered trade-marks or rendered as- sistance. We refer to the following : Ne'w York E. Greenfield's Sons Co., The Lorillard Refrigerator Co., Horton Ice Crerm Co., Grey Lithographing Co., Preservaline M'f'g Co., L. H. Perlman, C. Kenyon Co., Da\id S. Brown & Co., National Conduit and Cable Co., C. Mei- sel, Paragon Malt Extract Co,, Eichler Brew- ing Co., R. F. Outcault, A. Binger, Jos. Loewy, Brennan & White, Wallace & Co., A. J. Bates Co., Charles Plunkett, Strong Machinery & Suppl^^ Co., Underw^ood T3^pewriter Co., Hard- man, Peck & Co., Columbia Oil Co., W. G. Willmann, A. Castaing, American Peroxide and Chemical Co., A. D. Granger Co., J. H. Mead, Commercial Shirt Co. , Greek- American Confect- ionery Co., Humplueys Homoepathic Remedy Co., all of New York City; Steber Mach. Co., Utica, N. Y.; Oliver C. Edwards, Troy, N. Y.: G. S. Stickney, Albany, N. Y. ; Lockport Glass Co., Lockport, N. Y.; Buffalo Scale Co., Buffalo, N. Y.; Jules Doux, Utica, N. Y.; Ontario Button Co., Amsterdam, N. Y.; Nigara Paper Mills, Lockport, N. Y.; C. F. Burkhart, Buffalo, N. Y.; Larkin & Co., Buf- falo, N. Y. 56 Pennsylvania McClave-Brooks Co,, Herbert D. Johnson, Houck & Benjamin, Scranton; Trethaway Bros., Parsons; Hon. H. W. Palmer, Mrs. Ruth A. Gilchrist Miss Mary Trescott, Wilkesbarre; John M. McGill, Reuben A. Mitchell, Lester L. Lewis, Rev. John D. Hills, Oil City; James and William R. Thomas, Catasauqua; Thomas En- g'ineering' Co., AUentovvn; B. W. Shallenberg"er, Montgomery; A. G. Walker, Halpin, Green & Co., Philadelphia, ^l^lV^'f The Randolph Pap^r Box Co., Dr. Otto Meyer, Dr. Hener}^ Froehling, Andrew P. O'Brien, Richmond Cedar Works, Hasker and Marcuse Co., S. T. Beveridg-e, D. S. Harwood, St. Geo. M. Anderson, E. H. Lea, Richmond; The Farmers Mfg-. Co., Geo. W. Duvall & Co., Virg-inia Cedar Works, A. S. J. Gammon, H. H. Rumble, Messers Stark & Stark, Consumers Brewing Co., Norfolk; Virginia Brewing Co., Roanoke; Horsley, Kemp & Easley, L^aich- burg. Colorado Robert K. Humphreys Orville H. Bolen, S, Tulle}^ Willson, John Beal, Samuel B. Clark, J. W. Graham, jr., Geo. S. Clason, Jas. H. Haines Geo. G. Newcomb, George Brow^n, Spencer C. Cart, Washington T. Lewis, Rile}^ D. Fassett, Charles H. Shaw (The Pneumatic Tool Com- ])any), Joseph Vincent, Ira A. Frye, John H. Gabriel, Fred L. Emerson, Denver; George Wanee, Eliz^ibeth, Felix J. McKenna, Gorham; Henry Kile, Alcott; John J. Murph}^ Timothy Murphy, Cripple Creek; Hardin Hines, Ala- mosa; Edgar S, Moulton, Central City. H0m 57- Washington Pug-et Sound Dry Dock and Machine Co., Geo. A. Browne, S. A. Gibbs, F. J. Miller, D. H. White, J. H. McDaniels, W. S, Crouch, B. H. Seabury, Tacoma; G. Ward Kemp, C. E. C. Edey, Gilman & Brown, John Mandersen, Cres- cent Manufacturing- Co.W. L>. McCabe, Andrew J. Ketelson, Joseph J. Putraw, Reg-inald Coombs, Robt. L. Anderson, L. Hansen, Anton Aag-aard, Seattle: L. M. Tulley, Wilkenson;M. Armbruster, N. Yakama; J. S. Burk, Prosser. Miscellaneous E. Bierer, Salt Eake City, Utah; Sharp & Dohme, Thos. J. Kensett & Co., H. F. Hemin- way & Co., Baltimore Chewing- Gum Co., Bal- timore; Drake & Co., Easton, Pa.; P. W. Gates, F. L. Brewer, Messrs. Surerus and Greenhill, Chicago 111.; A. McKoy, New Orleans; Hon. J. Frank Hanly, Lafa3^ette, Ind.; Burlington Bug-gy Co., C. H. Mohland, Edgar M. Dennis- ton Burling-ton Iowa; Muscatine Oat Meal Co., Muscatine, Iowa; Messrs. Taylor and Evans, Hampton, Iowa; Thomas Crieg-h, William Rubin of Omaha, Neb, ; Hermanos Vogel, City of Mexico, Mexico; The M. P. Exline Co., Dal- las, Texas; Jones Paddock Co., G. H. Bellou, San Francisco; Julius Schuller, Indianai^olis; The Higginsville Milling Co., Hig-ginsville, Mo., Andrew Smith, San Mateo and Gen. A. C. Woodruff, Berkley; Chas. D. Cromley, Ala- meda, Cal.; Kansas City Wholesale Grocery Co., Kansas City; Stone & Stone, E. A. Linea- weaver, Pittsburg-; Thos. G. Plant Co., Bos- ton, Mass.; Halpin Green Co., Philadelphia; Clinton D. Bopp, Meers, S. Dakota; Norton & Curd Co., Louisville, Ky. ; S. G. Whit- aker, A. C. Chancellor, Columbus, Ga.; J. ^a^m 58 Smith Linaer, West Point, Ga. ; Ernestt Tur- ner, Dadeville, Ala., Stearns Electric Paste Co., Buffalo, N. Y. ; Dr. E. L. Graves Tooth Powder Co., Kyndu Mfg-. Co., Chicag-o, 111.; John Richards, San Ansehno, Cal.; Utica Hydraulic Cement Co,, Utica, 111.; Chicago Portland Cement Co., Chicag-o; McDougal & Chapman,- Ottawa, 111.; Charles \V. Shaw Co., Baltimore; Dr. Jas. G. Mung-er, Port- land, N. Y. ; Geo. H. Dunham, Warren, Pa.; Tracey Shoe Co., Portsmouth, Ohio; Enterprise Soap Wks., Nashville, Tenn.; J. E. Cloug-h, Nashua, N. H. ; McClintock Trunket Co., Spokane, Wash.; Tyler & Co,. Dewey, Ind. Territory; W. D. Brackett & Co., Boston, Mass.; National Fire Proof Co., H. D. Camp Co., Pittsburg-, Pa.; J. A. Wright & Co., Keene, N. H. ; The Schmidt Lithog-raph Co., San P^rancisco, Cal.; Oliver C. Edwards, Troy, N. Y.; Columbia Wag-on Co., Columbia, Pa.; Henderson Eitog-raph Co. Cincinnati, Ohio; C. E. Richardson, A. \V. Hunter, Duluth, Minn.; Little Giant Hay Press Co., Dallas, Texas; American Well & Prospecting- Co., Corsicana, Texas; Electric Mfg-. & Equipment Co., Atlan- ta, Ga. ; Thomas Cox, Portland, Ore.; Califor- nia Canneries Co., San Francisco, Cal. ; W. G. Pierce, Butler, Pa.; Lewin-Meyer Co., San Francisco, Cal.; Beach Hill Distilling- Co., Cincinnati, Ohio; The Hampden Watch Co., Canton, Ohio; B. F. Avery & Son, Louisville, Ky., and many others. Corrections and Additions Charles Plunkett, page 55, should be Charles Marchand. A. McKoy, New Orleans, page 57, should be Edwin A. McKoy, G. H. Bellou, San Francisco, should be San Diego. Smith Linaer top of this page, should be Lanier. Dorsey Printing Co., Dallas, Tex., P. E. Richardson, Washington, D. C. 59 FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Is a matter which needs the attention of inven- tors when about to place their business in the charg"e and their money in the hands of a patent attorney. Touching- our own moneyed respon- sibility we refer to McLachen Real Estate and Loan Co., Bankers, Washington, D. C. Respectfully, MASON, FENWICK & LAWRENCE, Registered Patent Attorneys, 602 F Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. The name of the McLachen Real Estate and Loan Co. Bankers, is now McLachlen Banking Corporation Memorandum. Memorandum. Memorandum riemorandum. NOV 16 1907 Memorandum LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 029 985 427 9