\> . '*^' ,«* <$> *•.»' A> ** v % : ^ * ^' FLAT OPENING BLANK BOOKS ..♦HOW MADE... A Descriptive Catalogue (with illustrations) SHOWING THE WELCH SYSTEM JF making this popular style of blank books as used THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES. ALSO SCALE FOR MAKING UP LEDGERS, SHOWING THE DIVISION OF ACCOUNTS FROM 16-SHEET QUIRES TO 20-SHEET QUIRES, WITH THE INDEX IN FRONT AND WITHOUT INDEX. INDEX SCALE SHOWING HOW TO DIVIDE LEAVES IN BOOKS FROM THE THINNEST TO THE LARGEST BOOK MADE. PUBLISHED BY R. H. WELCH, MANUFACTURER OF BLANK BOOK SPECIALTIES ST. LOUIS, MO. Copyright. M Copyright 1896, BY R. H. WELCH. (All Rights Reserved.) SAMPLES. SAMPLES SHOWING DIFFERENT KINDS OF GUARDS WILL BE FURNISHED ON APPLICATION. SMALL SAMPLE BOOK SHOWING WORK COMPLETE WILL BE SENT WITH FIRST OR- DER FOR GUARDS, IF REQUESTED, OR FURNISHED TO REGU- LAR CUSTOMERS, FREE OF CHARGE. LIBERAL DISCOUNTS TO LARGE CONSUMERS OF GUARDS FURNISHED ON APPLI- CATION. TO AVOID ANY MISTAKE IN ORDERING THESE GOODS, KINDLY SEND SAMPLE SHOWING STYLE OF GUARD RE- QUIRED. SAVING. THE DOUBLE GUARD HAS THE ADVANTAGE OVER THE SINGLE GUARD IN THAT ONE-HALF THE WHIP-STITCHING IS SAVED. THE CENTER FOLD OF DOUBLE GUARD REQUIRES NO SEWING, AS THE OUTSIDE EDGES ARE WHIP-STITCHED TO- GETHER, MAKING ONE "CONTINUOUS CHAIN " FROM THE BEGINNING TO THE END OF BOOK, A SAVING OF ONE-HALF THE HAND-SEWING OVER THE SINGLE GUARD AS FORMER- LY USED, AND GIVING QUITE AS GOOD RESULTS. FLAT-OPENING BLANK BOOKS. ARE THE STRONGEST AND BEST BLANK BOOK MADE. WHY? BECAUSE ALL STRAIN ON THE BACK OF THE BOOK IS RELIEVED. THE SECTIONS SIMPLY TURN ON THE GUARD AS A HINGE, RELIEVING THE PARCHMENT AND HAND-SEWING OF ALL STRAIN. BECAUSE YOU CAN V/RITE CLEAR UP TO THE FOLD OF SECTION, AND GIVE BETTER SATISFACTION TO YOUR CUS- TOMER THAN WITH ANY OTHER BLANK BOOK NOW MADE. SAVING OF PAPER. BUY YOUR PAPER CUT FOR FLAT- OPENING BOOKS AND SAVE THE DIFFERENCE IN WEIGHT, AS YOU DO NOT HAVE TO LEAVE ANY MARGIN IN BACK FOR BINDING ROOM, AS IN THE OLD STYLE OF BLANK BOOKS. YOU CAN SAVE THE COST OF GUARDS AND FREIGHT BY SO DOING. THE GUARD AT BACK MAKES UP ITS PROPER WIDTH, AND KEEPS YOUR BOOKS UNIFORM IN WIDTH. PAPER FOR FLAT-OPENING BLANK BOCKS IS NOW MADE, OR CAN BE~ ORDERED, 3-4 INCHES LESS IN WIDTH AND 3-8 INCHES LESS IN LENGTH THAN REGULAR SIZE, WHICH MAKES A SAVING OF FROM TWO TO THREE POUNDS PER REAM ON DEMY, MEDIUM AND DOUBLE CAP PAPER. 1 J ?,| •~~i ■••-s- I i / n" p 3 • 1 // m I |;a^— fcWg£ 3i ^ 3 ^ 5 ---- - it . ■ IpBP i ( ^i — ^ GUARDS* WELCH GUARDS ARE FURNISHED TO THE TRADE PUT UP IN ROLLS OF 50 YARDS EACH. WIDTH OF CLOTH 29 INCHES. NUMBER OF GUARDS TO WIDTH VARY ACCORDING TO WIDTH OF GUARD REQUIRED. THEY WILL BE CUT, IF PREFERRED, SINGLE OR DOUBLE, IN THE SAME CONTINUOUS FORM, READY TO BE CUT OFF IN LENGTH TO FIT ANY BOOK, AS REQUIRED. THIS MANNER OF USING THE GOODS AVOIDS ALL WASTE, AS GUARDS CAN BE CUT OFF TO SUIT THE WORK DESIRED, AVOIDING ANY WASTE OF ENDS, &C, &C. GUARDS ARE MADE IN TWELVE DIFFERENT STYLES, IN ORDER TO MEET ALL DEMANDS FOR GUARDS NOW IN USE. GUARDS NOS. I TO 4 ARE MADE WITH HEAVY DRILL ON ONE SIDE, VARYING IN WIDTH ONLY. GUARDS NOS. 5 TO 8, INCLUSIVE, ARE MADE SAME WIDTH OF FOLD, BUT LINED ON BOTH SIDES WITH THIN MUSLIN. GUARDS MADE FOR CONTINUOUS FOLD ARE MADE IN TWO SIZES, NOS. 9 AND 10, LINED WITH HEAVY DRILL OR MUSLIN, AS MAY BE DESIRED. TO OPERATE SEWING MACHINE. PLACE GUARD IN GUIDE, OPEN SECTION OF PAPER, PLACING HEAD OF PAPER OR SECTION TO END OF GUARD, MOVING SAME ABOUT THREE INCHES FROM POINT OF NEEDLE FROM TOP OF SECTION. THIS WILL ALLOW ABOUT THREE GOOD STITCHES. DROP PRESSURE GUIDE ON PAPER AND MAKE THE FIRST THREE (3) STITCHES GOING TO HEAD OF SECTION, THEN REVERSE THE STITCH OR MACHINE AND STITCH TO FOOT OF SECTION; REVERSE AGAIN AND MAKE THE THREE DOUBLE STITCHES AT LOWER END OF SECTION : CUT OFF THREAD, AND REPEAT SAME UNTIL EVERY SEC- TION HAS BEEN SEWED. CONTINUE IN LIKE MANNER THROUGHOUT THE BOOK, LAYING OUT FLAT THE SECTIONS AS THEY COME IN ORDER FROM THE MACHINE SEWING, WITH END PAPERS OPENED SO AS TO PROTECT THE PAPER. AFTER MACHINE SEWING, DRAW ALL END THREADS BACK TO INSIDE OF GUARD, CUTTING OFF SURPLUS WASTE, AND FOLD PAPER AND GUARD TOGETHER, KEEPING THE SEC- TIONS IN ORDER SAME AS IN FIRST SEWING. IF BOOK SHOULD END WITH A SINGLE OR ODD SECTION, THE OTHER HALF OF DOUBLE GUARD CAN BE CUT OFF AFTER THE SEC- TION HAS BEEN SEWED THERETO. SEWING. BOOKS SEWED ON SINGLE OR DOUBLE GUARDS ARE WHIPSTITCHED, AND ONLY ONE OR TWO SECTIONS ARE HANDLED AT A TIME, AS THE CASE MAY BE. THIS MODE OF SEWING FLAT OPENING BLANK BOOKS IS THE MOST POPULAR AND GENERALLY USED, AS IT IS THE LEAST TROUBLE TO HANDLE THE SECTIONS OF PAPER IN BUILDING UP THE BOOK, WHILE IN THE CONTINUOUS SYS- TEM YOU HAVE TO CARRY THE BOOK BACK AND FORTH AS THE SECTIONS ARE SEWED TO THE CONTINUOUS GUARD, UNTIL THE LAST SECTION IS SEWED ON. MACHINE SEWING. Instructions for Sewing the Double Guard. OPEN GUIDE TO RECEIVE THE DOUBLE GUARD, SET- TING THE GUIDE SO THAT THE SECTION THAT IS SEWING IS ON THE LEFT HAND SIDE OF GUIDE. ALWAYS PLACE THE SECTION THAT IS FIRST TO BE SEWED WITH HEAD OF SECTION FROM YOU. SEW ON SAME AS FOR SINGLE GUARD. REMOVE GUARD AND FIRST SECTION FROM GUIDE; THEN PLACE IT IN THE GUIDE WITH HEAD OF SECTION TO OPERA- TOR, WHICH BRINGS THE OTHER SIDE OF GUARD IN THE SAME POSITION AS THE FIRST ONE WAS FOR SEWING ON THE LEFT HAND SIDE. WELCH COMBINATION. Made 26 inches width of jaws. SEWING, Hand Sewing, MARK BACK OF SECTION ON EDGE OF GUARDS, WITH PENCIL, THE PLACE FOR PARCHMENT, DIVIDING OFF SPACE THE SAME AS FOR SAWING OUT, ONLY NO SAWING OUT IS REQUIRED. SEW END PAPER ON SAME AS FOR FULL-BOUND WORK; THEN WHIP-STITCH FIRST OUTSIDE EDGE OF GUARD COMING NEXT TO END PAPER; THEN TAKE UP NEXT SET OF SECTIONS, SEWING THE TWO OUTSIDE EDGES DOWN TO PARCHMENT, INTERLOCKING PREVIOUS STITCHES WITH THE SECTION NOW SEWING, CONTINUOUSLY THROUGH THE BOOK UNTIL COMPLETED. PRESSING SECTIONS. AFTER BOOK HAS BEEN SEWED ON SEWING MACHINE, AND ENDS OF THREADS HAVE BEEN DRAWN BACK AND SECTIONS PROPERLY PLACED BETWEEN END PAPERS FOR HAND SEWING, BOOK MUST BE PLACED IN PRESS IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE SWELL IN THE BACK OF SECTIONS AND GUARDS; ALSO MAKES THE BOOK SOLID AND COMPACT FOR THE HAND SEWING WHICH FOLLOWS. SEE THE WELCH COMBINATION PRESS AND JOB BACKER, WHICH CAN BE USED FOR ALL FORWARDING WORK, AND IS QUICK PRESSING FOR LIGHT WORK OF ALL KINDS. FOLDING PAPER. Thickness of Sections, &o, &c. FOLD SECTIONS OF PAPER TO CORRESPOND WITH THICK- NESS OF GUARD. PAPER FOLDED IN FIVE-SHEET SECTIONS CORRESPONDS WITH ALL LEDGER PAPERS NOT EXCEEDING 40 POUNDS MEDIUM IN WEIGHT. SIX-SH EET SECTIONS WILL CORRESPOND WITH ALL PAPERS UNDER 36 POUNDS MEDIUM IN WEIGHT. OVER 40-POUND PAPER, FOUR SHEETS TO THE SECTION. GUARDS NOS. I TO 4, LINED WITH HEAVY DRILL ON ONE SIDE, WILL CORRESPOND IN THICKNESS TO SEC- TIONS AS ENUMERATED ABOVE. GUARDS LINED WITH THIN MUSLIN ON BOTH SIDES, WHILE THEY DO NOT FOLD BACK AS READILY, CORRESPOND IN THICKNESS TO THE DRILL ON ONE SIDE. THICKNESS OF BOOKS. GUARDS ARE USED WIDE OR NARROW, ACCORDING TO THICKNESS OF BOOK. GUARDS NOS. 1 AND 4 ARE GEN- ERALLY USED FOR ALL BOOKS NOT EXCEEDING MEDIUM IN SIZE AND TEN QUIRES IN THICKNESS. GUARD NO. 3 IS GENERALLY USED FOR ALL BOOKS EXCEEDING TEN QUIRES IN THICKNESS, AS BOOKS OF THAT CLASS REQUIRE MORE ROOM TO TURN SECTIONS ON AND OBTAIN FLAT-OPENING RESULTS. BANDS* STRAW BOARD IS USED FOR BANDS; SAME ARE MADE BY ROLLING THE SHEETS UP IN TUBES, AS IT WILL CUT WELL WITH A SAW AND LEAVE NO BURR ON EDGE. (A CIR- CLE OR BAND SAW WILL CUT IT CLEAN AND SMOOTH.) THE STRAW BOARD TUBES ARE THEN SPLIT IN HALF AND GLUED ON THE INSIDE, SO AS TO READILY STICK TO BACK WHEN DAMPENED. THE HALF-TUBES ARE THEN SAWED TO WIDTH DE- SIRED, AND THE PROPER SIZE BANDS WILL BE OBTAINED. BACKS, BACKS ARE CUT UP IN QUANTITY IN THE CUTTING MACHINE UNTIL ALL SIZES ARE ON HAND, THE AMOUNT OF EACH BEING GOVERNED BY THE SIZE MOST USED, 6 AND 8 QUIRES BEING THE ONES USUALLY IN DEMAND. BACKS ARE THEN FORMED, USING THE OLD FORMING IRON IF PREFERRED, BUT A MUCH BETTER AND QUICKER WAY IS TO USE THE SANBORN BACK FORMER, WHICH DOES THE WORK QUICKLY AND UNIFORM THROUGHOUT, AFTER WHICH THEY ARE LINED WITH PAPER AND ARE NOW READY FOR THE BANDS. » •» FORWARDING. WHERE THE AMOUNT OF WORK WILL JUSTIFY, FOR- WARDING SHOULD BE DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS. THE TRIMMING, ROUNDING AND STRAPPING CONSTITUTING ONE PART, THE FORWARDING THE OTHER. IT IS DIVIDED IN THIS WAY FOR THE ARRANGEMENT OF COST, AND TO MAKE A SAVING BETWEEN THE TWO, AS AN APPRENTICE CAN PREPARE THE WORK FOR THE FORWARDER, WHICH MAKES A SAVING IN FORWARDING AND AN INCREASE IN THE AMOUNT OF WORK PER DAY. PIECE WORK. WHERE THE BACKS ARE MADE SEPARATE, NO DIF- FICULTY IS FOUND IN CARRYING OUT THE FOLLOWING PLAN: FORWARDER TAKES HIS BOOKS ROUNDED AND STRAPPED. BOARDS ARE MADE AND TRIMMED, AND ALL HE HAS TO DO IS TO PUT ON THE BACK AND THE LEATHER OVER THAT. HE CAN THEN TURN OUT THE FOLLOWING AMOUNT OF WORK PER DAY: 14 %-R.; 12 K-R.; 8 E. & B. ; 10 EXTRA; FULL BOUND CORNERS, SAME AMOUNT AS %-R. A»*> "5C &*mmG&&* FINISHING BACKS* ROLLS, WHEN CUT WITH A FULL DESIGN, COVERING THAT PORTION OF THE BACK, COMPLETE, ARE A GREAT SAV- ING IN TIME, AS YOU HAVE BUT ONCE TO GO OVER EACH HUB, AND THE RESULT IS A COMPLETE AND PERFECT FIN- ISH, AS IF IT HAD BEEN EMBOSSED. THE SAME RESULT CANNOT BE HAD BY SINGLE FILLETS AND LINES TO COM- PARE WITH IT IN ANY WAY, A SAVING, AND AT THE SAME TIME AN IMPROVEMENT WHICH SHOWS FOR ITSELF. FINISHING SIDES. FULL RUSSIA SIDES SHOULD BE STAMPED WITH A DE- SIGN COVERING THE SIDE, AND WITH AN INK THAT HAR- MONIZES WITH THE MATERIAL USED IN THE COVER. IF IT IS LEATHER, THEN A FANCY LINE OF GOLD AROUND THAT GIVES A VERY GOOD EFFECT, AND AT THE SAME TIME CHEAPENS THE COST OF FINISHING AND GIVES YOU THE FINEST BLANK BOOK AT THE LEAST POSSIBLE COST. CUTTING STOCK. ALL FULL-BOUND EXTRA WORK SHOULD BE CUT IN ONE PIECE OF LEATHER (COW HIDE), AS IT IS A SAVING OF MA- TERIAL AND TIME IN PUTTING ON THE COVER. NO FLESH- ERS, NO PATCHING, NO PARING OR TITLES ARE REQUIRED, AND THE RESULT IS A FULL RUSSIA HIGHER GRADE BOOK, WHICH CAN BE FINISHED WITH LESS EXPENSE, AS SHOWN IN FINISHING NOTES IF STOCK IS PURCHASED IN HIDES, IN PLACE OF SIDES, A BETTER CUTTING SURFACE IS PRESENTED. MtL PIECES LEFT FROM FULL-BOUND EXTRA WORK SHOULD BE USED UP ON 1-2 R., 3-4 R., AND E. & B. WORK. ANY MATERIAL THAT IS PUT ON IN ONE PIECE MAKES A GREAT SAVING OVER WORK THAT IS PUT TOGETHER WITH PIECES, AND LEAVES NO EDGES TO CATCH AND RUB UP, AND TITLES TO FALL OFF OR GET RAGGED. MOLE SKIN (CLOTH) MAKES A VERY GOOD COMMERCIAL BINDING WHEN BOUND WITH THE EXTRA BACK, AND GIVES GENERAL SATISFACTION AND COSTS NO MORE THAN 3-4 R. STRAPPING. USE LEPAGE'S FISH CLUE OR THICK PASTE IN STRAP- PING. A GOOD SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER STRAPPING MAY BE HAD BY THE USE OF CANTON FLANNEL, AS THE STRAPS MAY BE PUT ON IN ONE PIECE, MAKING QUITE A SAVING OF TIME AND MATERIAL, AS NO PARING OF EDGES IS RE- QUIRED AND GOOD RESULTS ARE OBAINED. THE FLANNEL SIDE ADHERES TO EDGE OF GUARDS, MAKING A SOLID AND COMPACT BACK. THIS STYLE OF STRAPPINC IS DESIRABLE WHERE LARGE QUANTITIES OF STOCK BOOKS ARE MADE. ROUNDING. LINE WITH THIN MUSLIN BETWEEN END PAPERS AND FIRST GUARD; CUT BOOK ON FRONT SAME AS ANY BLANK BOOK; PASTE BACK, OR USE LEPAGE'S FISH GLUE, WORKING IT IN WELL BETWEEN EDGES OF GUARDS ON BACK, SO THAT WHEN DRY A SOLID ELASTIC BACK IS FORMED. ROUND BEFORE QUITE DRY, AND PRESS WITH BACK BETWEEN BOARDS OVER NIGHT. SCALE FOR INDEXING BOOKS. ■ a> IS o O O © 00 © o H © 51 tH — H O X H © © 51 © 51 51 <* 51 A 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 B 2 3 4 6 7 10 12 13 15 17 18 20 C 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 D 2 3 4 5 f> (i 8 8 9 10 11 E 1 1 2 • > 3 4 4 4 5 6 (5 F 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 G 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 H 3 4 6 7 9 in 12 14 14 If! 18 I 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 J 1 2 :; 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 K 1 • > 2 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 8 L 1 3 3 4 5 5 6 8 8 9 10 M 3 4 5 7 9 10 11 13 15 10 IS Mc 1 1 2 • ) 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 N 1 1 •_> 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 O 1 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 (i 6 P 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 Q 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 s 3 5 7 8 10 13 14 16 17 19 22 T 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 V 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 W 2 5 6 9 11 13 15 17 19 20 22 X 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Y 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Z 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 SCALE FOR INDEXING BOOKS. o CD 01 O X 01 O o 23 O CO © CO O CO CO © GO CO © © © © © CO <* © A 6 7 8 8 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 B 21 23 25 26 28' 30 32 34 35 37 38 40 C 13 11 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 D 12 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 18 19 21 22 K 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 10 10 11 11 12 F 11 11 12 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 G 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 17 18 20 21 22 H 19 21 23 25 27 28 29 30 32 33 34 36 I 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 J 7 7 8 8 9 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 K 9 1.0 11 11 12 13 14 15 15 15 15 16 Ii 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 17 18 19 19 20 M 18 20 21 23 25 26 27 29 31 32 34 36 Mc 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 X 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 o 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 12 12 p 7 8 8 9 10 10 11 11 11 12 13 14 Q 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 R 11 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 S 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 36 38 40 42 44 T 13 11 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 U 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 V 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 W 24 26 28 29 31 33 35 37 39 40 42 43 X 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 Y 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 Z 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 PAPER FOLDED. 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