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TYDINGS (FormeT Division Machine Gun Officer) 29th Division, American Expeditionary Forces '^iO 3i5TO TVs CONTENTS Page Dedication 3 Poem, "The Volunteer" 4 Foreword 5 Organization of Blue and Gray Division 6 France 7 The Front 10 The Defense of the Sector 13 Harrassing Fire 17 Raiding 20 From Alsace to Verdun 24 The Meuse-Argonne 29 The Attack on Etrayes Ridge 34 Butcher and Keating 39 During the Verdun Offensive 41 Poem, "France" 44 Summary of Activities , 45 Roster of the Machine Gun Units 48 Dedicated to OUR DEAD Those valorous comrades who lie on the hills and in the vales and fields beneath the w^ooden crosses of honor. ©tj^ Unlunte^r Oh give me the heart that my fathers had When they breasted the combing foam, On a miniature ship, with unconquerable grit, To fathom the trackless unknown; Oh give me their love for the gambling chance, To strive with o'erwhelming odds. To swing the red blade that my fathers swung, Defying the will of the Gods. Oh give me the heart that my mothers had With its truth and its sacrifice. That carries the sunlight of cheeriest days Into the darkest depths of the nights; Oh make me the lad that she meant me to be. Courageous, upstanding and right; Oh give me that heart of all hearts that's hers That gives for its own — its life. Ah make of my heart a castle of strength, And a will that refuses defeat; That carries me into the battlefield's din As though 'twere on winged feet; With a soul that rises exultantly And a spirit that leaps from within, That smiles through the valleys of dread and doubt Defiant, determined to win. Then give me the view of the mountain peak With a starlight sky high above, And give me the heart of a maiden fair Pulsing with radiant love ; Then give me the time to test my worth Where naught but the fittest prevail, Then give me a cross and a mound of earth If with these, Oh Fate — I fail. FOREWORD My story is here. It must, of necessity, touch but very briefly upon the lives of the Machine Gunners of the 29th Division; for, on these few pages is but a small part of the romance, comedy and tragedy that embraced our service in France as a part of the American Expeditionary Force. The larger part of the myriad of incidences that occurred during those strenuous times no mortal hand will ever chron- icle; nor, is there a person within the four corn- ers of the earth who can paint in naked words the happenings Over There. You who have lived through those days and nights making the best of the rain, cold and mud, who saw the bursting of the shell and the fall of a comrade need no poor effort of mine to keep alive those memories. But, if in reminiscence, in the after year, as casually you scan these pages and there between the lines of type you see again those waves of glory, fire swept; those escheloned ranks of the flower of America's manhood push- ing on ; and hearing the sighing whistle of falling shell, or the rat-tat-tat of the machine gun you think of one of those who fell bravely in the fray, or of some living comrade bound to your memory by never to be broken ties, or of me; then will my tale be not in vain. Organization of the Blue and Gray Division llOth MACHINE GUN BATTALION Company "A" Company "B" 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION Company "A" Company "B" Company "C" Company "D" 112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION Company "A" Company "B" Company "C" Company "D" 113th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY 114th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY 115th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY 116th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY FRANCE The harbor at Brest, France, is beautiful. A long, tapering finger of water points inland from the Atlantic and from it on either side verdant hills roll their picturesque undulations over the horizon. Old castles and forts, many of which have lost their usefulness long since, reach from water level to hill top; and, by design, which savors of the middle ages, offer mute evi- dence of the importance of this sea center in times of yore. In some of these, modern fighting equipment has been installed; or is built adjacent thereto. A few fishing craft sleepily ply up and down the waterway going to or coming from the ocean be- yond. Modern destroyers and submarines of American and French nativity are ranked in stream or behind the shelter of the breakwaters awaiting their turn for sea duty. Save for these modern war machines, the atmosphere is one of tranquility. My story of the Machine Gunners of the Blue and Gray Division commences when our convoy of big liners, each troop laden from keel to funnel top, slipped into and dropped anchor in this ancient and historic harbor. Thousands of olive drab figures crowded the decks drinking deeply the vintage of the first realization of their dreams. From every point of vantage each detail of the people and country was closely studied. A darkey soldier from Dixieland, who happened to be gaz- ing over the harbor from the deck of one of the ships, and who noted a French sailor languidly fishing in a dory near by, shout- ed the following to his European ally: "Good lawd, man! Here Fse come fo'ty thousand miles to help you out and here you is a fishin'." As the rumble of the anchor chains rang out, variegated craft came out from shore and alongside of us. An American ofl[icer in a smart motorboat shouted up orders to prepare for debarkation and everyone made haste his preparations for de- parture. Soon these ferries were hurrying back and forth transporting their human cargoes with all their miscellaneous impedimenta to land; each heart thereon exhuberant and ex- ultant with all the expectancy of youth. It was only a little while before all were anhore except the police details left behind to make things aboard shipshape. On the docks a group of street urchins formed an informal recep- tion committee to greet us; and, to show their hearty welcome, strained their juvenile voices with the inspiring melody of "Hail! Hail! the Gang's All Here," which they had quickly learned from the Yanks arriving previously. As we formed ranks and went quickly swinging through the streets of Brest 8 THE MACHINE GUNNERS to a camp a few miles distant, these little fellows kept steady pace by our sides with requests for souvenirs interspersed with their singing. Brest is completely paved with, and its houses are all con- structed of, stone or brick. Here and there the fronts have been repaired by the application of a coat of plaster. Dingy signs painted in black were spread in straight letters over its business places. The buildings are low; and, in spite of its rather large population its tallest edifice is perhaps six stories. Its builders were of decades and centuries long since passed. Quaintness lends it charm. Modernity of building, convenience and sanita- tion are absent. The French folk were not neatly attired; rather, they were comfortably garbed. A note of tenaciousness to ancient custom was apparent in the wide brim, low crown hats worn by some of its neighboring country folk. A few dusty little street cars intermittently circulated its rambling thoroughfares. After plodding along rough streets and dusty roads, where subdued excitement made the task an easy one, we arrived in a field at a huge barrack where shelter tents were pitched. Hardly, however, had camp been made, before surreptitious A. W. O. L.'s 1 slipped away to town anxious to explore at once the wonders of this new land ; for, who had not an almost irre- sistible desire to rush headlong into the mysteries of the months to come. Romance ! Every heart beat to the rhythm of the songs of the valorous adventure. For the next three days we remained in the vicinity of Brest, cleaning up, getting our baggage and unloading the com- bat equipment from the transports. During this time every one spent all the time possible in the city. Campaign hats disap- peared and the oversea's cap was quickly donned, while the officers without further orders strutted around in Sam Browne belts. Nearly every Machine Gunner made it a point to eat a French dinner and drink some French wine during our brief stay here. Finally, came orders to move. Boarding our first European coaches, which were third class, and I might add very third class at that, we pulled out from Brest for parts unknown. On this forty-eight hour jaunt we ate such rations as had been given us and what little food we could buy enroute. Many a doughboy learned his "mercie beaucoup" - and "combien" ^ on this trip. When nothing else was available we feasted on bread and coffee with "vin ordinaire" ^ for desert. Spirits were high in all of us, and could be purchased cheaply outside. This was frequently done. Our journey took us through the show district of France, the beautiful Toulaine country. Green meadows stretched to 1 A. W. O. L. — Away without leave. 2 Mercie beaucoup — Many thanks. 3 Combien — How much. 4 Vin ordinaire — Ordinary wine. THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 9 the horizon. Peeping out of the many beautiful groves, majes- tic chateaux looked down beautiful drives, artistically laid out by some master hand of landscape gardening. Silvery brooks unfolded their winding courses greatly animating an almost still picture. Finally, after passing through the cities of Nevers, Tours and Dijon, we arrived at the little town of Prauthoy, in Haute Marne, whose gentle rolling hills and restful scenes at once found favor in our eyes. From this center the various ma- chine gun units were distributed and billeted in nearby towns. Here we soon became settled and went in for our final "pepping up" before taking part in the big show. Immediately all the machine gun captains and two sergeants from each of the fourteen companies were sent off to school at Chatilon-sur- Seine, to learn the very last word about barrages, angles of dis- tribution, indirect fire and clearances. The companies all undertook intensive schedules; for, all realized it was the last training we would have before we went in. Orders to move were expected daily. Every man was told "to shake a foot" or "snap out of it." Drills! Manouvers! Tar- get Practice Study! How every one did tackle those machine guns. Blindfolded we took down each piece and part and blindfolded reassembled them. Mules we groomed, groomed, groomed. Carts were packed and unpacked; belts loaded and unloaded. Every man took an earnest interest in his work. There were no laggards to prod. In the very intensity of those final preparations there was a tolerant impatience, the hope, the desire to swing the red blades of real action. At night everyone wrote letters home narrating his expe- rience and impressions and describing in detail his scrumptuous apartments in Monsieur's hayloft, of the old-fashioned beds, how the women worked in the fields, and usually a little sentimental stuff for the sweetheart, which was camouflaged for modesty's sake, the writer knowing his superior officer would have to censor it. During our brief stay in the training area we had assimi- lated some of the spirit of France which causes every one to look upon war as an accepted fact, to make the best of its un- toward circumstances and to take all the pleasure from the gloomy atmosphere that conditions will permit. Consequently, when opportunity offered everyone explored all the neighbor- ing villages, educating himself in what, to us, often seemed the strangest of manners and customs. On the whole, our stay in this area was interesting and agreeable and the French people in and about Prauthoy were exceptionally pleasant. On the Fourth of July we held patriotic exercises of a solemn and in- spiring nature. Chaplain McLaughlin, of the 112th Machine Gun battalion, a fluent French speaker, finished these cere- monies at Occey, where the 112th was quartered, by speaking to the French of the villages in their native tongue. THE FRONT It was during the Franco-German War, of 1870, that the City of Belfort became immortal. Although the Germans tried earnestly to take it, so valiantly did the French resist their ef- forts that it did not fall into the enemy hands. At the conclu- sion of that struggle when France ceded to Germany Alsace and Lorraine, Belfort, largely because of its heroic defense, remained in French territory, though very close to the new Ger- man frontier. It is significant that our division first entered the lines in Alsace, virtually in front of this historic city. Since the first year of the World War the battle lines in Alsace had remained stationary. The villages in this territory, however, portrayed the scars of war and offered mute evidence of the advance and retreat of the opposing armies as well as the intensity of the conflict. Some of the homes near the front were mere stone piles, pounded to pieces by artillery in an effort to dislodge the troops seeking shelter therein or to win commanding ground. When the two armies finally intrenched there was no further movement forward or rearward. Those civilians who had fled at the approach of the armies had returned; and, repairing their homes had taken up again the thread of their lives. Vivid were the tales they told of these early happenings. Of course, those villages in and very close to the front were deserted. Incessant shelling of several years had greatly altered their appearance. They were little more than heaps of debris. Yet, within two miles of our front trenches the farmers went about harvesting their crops. By an implied understanding, the Ger- man fire was confined to things military behind our lines, "and this plan was adopted by the Allies behind the German lines. In other sections of the front the civilian was not so much con- sidered. Our front was called Center Sector, Haute-Alsace. In these trenches we found veteran French comrades who were eager with the counsel of experience to assist and make successful our induction. The Poilu had been under arms since 1914, going nonchalantly about their duties they never lost sight of the fact thatthose trenches were the real frontiers of France. TTTK riTATK AND ORAY DTVTSTON H These veteran troops held the trenches jointly with us for a short period until we became acclimated as it were, and had assimilated enough knowledge to defend them efficiently. Finally, all French troops withdrew and turned the lines over to us as our very own. Troops held the front lines, others occupied support positions and still others were placed in re- serve areas. These forces alternated from front to support and reserve, giving each outfit about two weeks of duty in each line. Troops ate in the trenches, their food being carried in huge buckets to them from the kitchens, hidden here and there in the woods and villages. Men ate and slept in the trenches, were paid in the trenches arid soon became cogs in the trench machine. Our front line trenches and the enemy's ran through this territory in an irregular manner, seeking to take advantage of the villages, woods, canals, and particularly the high terrain. The distance between the opposing lines varied from a hundred yards at the very closest point to perhaps a mile, according to the military advantages of the ground. From the front line trenches at intervals small trenches reached into No Man's Land. These were called the "p. p's," which was trench jargon for "petite poste," and in reality each was simply a listening post. Small forces were sent out in each of these from sunset to sunrise and a still smaller force often occupied tnem during the day. From our front other trenches zig-zaged back to our sup- port and reserve lines. This whole trench scheme being so devised as to permit troops to occupy and withdraw from the lines without being seen, as well as to afford protection in case of shelling. Such roads as were near the front were heavily camouflaged. This was effected by erecting burlap painted and placed on wire framing in continuous sheets on both sides of the road. These screens were about twelve feet high. Then too, from the top of this screening at every fi-fty yards or so, strips of burlap four feet wide were hung apron fashion across the roads, making it difficult to see down them from aeroplanes or balloons. When shelling damaged these affairs they were, of course, rebuilt anew. Peeping through a fissure in a parapet one could see No Man's Land. It would be the last land for some — for whom? Reaching away from our trenches towards the enemy it had the appearance of a city dumping ground without any of the rubbish. Shell holes made by falling artillery projectiles dur- ing four years of war had cast up the earth and pocked it. In some of these holes stagnant water had collected, as well as gas from the gas shells that had exploded there. Dank growth of weeds and grass browned by the fading season here and there 12 THR MACHINR GUNNERS covered the expanse. Rusted strands of barbed wire ingeni- ously woven about iron and wooden posts ran without uniform- ity in all directions very often obscured in the withering brown vegetation. One wire barricade followed another at intervals from our lines to the enemy's trenches. The Boche works were visible. First, one could see his front line; then his support and communicating trenches could be picked out winding here and there over the landscape. Everything was devoid of life in front of us except an occasional bird which fluttered inno- cently over No Man's Land. High in the sky were several Ger- man observation balloons. The rat-tat-tat of a machine gun, the crack of a rifle or the explosion of a shell brought anima- tion to the stillness that seemed to reign over this territory. Behind hills and the villages, batteries of artillery were grouped, their guns each sighted to perform a certain definite task in the event of an attack. Back in the woods were our kitchen and dug-outs. Here the troops relaxed awaiting their turns for trench duty. Food was carried to the men in the line in large buckets and was always received with lusty appetites. Flares and rockets at intermittent intervals were sent up all night by both sides in an effort to light up No Man's Land and locate any hostile forces operating there. When a hostile patrol was caught under the light a machine gunner or auto- matic rifleman poured it into it instantly. On such occasions, as soon as the rockets would break in the air and shed their light, patrols would instantly drop to the ground and lie mo- tionless until the light had died. Shells whistled and sighed through the air at intervals, crashing to earth with their accom- panying explosions. From cover, machine guns kept up a rat- tat-tat through the nights, shooting up patrols that might be on No Man's Land, or spraying the lines and communications with bullets. Sometimes for hours hardly a shot was fired, the only activity apparently being the incessant shooting of flares. At other times, when we or the enemy had a case of "nerves" the air would ring with the firing of all arms. All of us found time to write letters from "Somewhere in France," stating in a general way the events. Dugouts were fitted out with such comforts as could be gleaned here and there, and decorated with pictures taken from magazines. Other little homelike touches were added where possible, and the unusual good humor of all hands bespoke not of the seri- ousness of the situation. When a paper was received from "The States" it was passed around and eagerly read. Men from the same town repeated the news and gossip coming from back home to one another. After months of training, during which time every one had wondered what No Man's Land would be like, here we were gradually becoming accustomed to its exigencies. Ffom then on war took on a business-like aspect. THE DEFENSE OF THE SECTOR On taking over the trenches from the French we adopted the same plan of defense for the machine guns that had been used by them. When they withdrew, the officers of the 111th and 112th Machine Gun Battalions together with Lieutenant Colonel R. H. Kelly, who was then our Division Machine Gun Officer, at once made a survey of our entire front for the pur- pose of improving the machine gun defenses. After many reconnaissances, during which the adaptability and availability of the ground was closely studied, an excellent defense plan was prepared for our lines. This consisted in placing machine guns in twos and fours at various commanding points along our front. The guns were sighted in pairs, the idea being if one gun could not fire for any reason the other gun would take its place. Of course, both guns were fired unless a mishap prevented it. The fire of each pair of guns was so directed as to connect with another pair of guns located about one-half mile distant on our right or left. This effected across our front continuous zones where the bul- lets would fall. This idea was carried out along the entire front of our sector. From time to time emplacements were changed to points where this could be done more effectively. The front was then divided into various divisions — A, B, C, D, E and F zones. If fire was needed in Zone A, certain guns would make the fire necessary, or if the rocket went up from "C" zone, fire would be laid down in that area. In this manner fire could be placed at any required point in No Man's Land, which permitted the guns sighted for other localities to remain silent. Where the fire from these machine guns struck the ground the neighboring zone would tie its fire into it so that if all guns should fire at once a wall of bullets would be falling along our entire front. Signals were adopted with rockets sent up from points where the enemy was attacking, for the calling down of the machine gun barrage on any part of the front required. At each emplacement sighting boards were made and upon the signal rocket breaking in the air the machine gunner on watch could look over his sighting board in the direction of the rocket and tell instantly just where the barrage was needed. 14 THE MACHINE GUNNERS The firing data, compiled by the officers and sergeants, was carefully calculated from maps. Then with the instru- ments, gun locations and aiming stakes were located on the ground. The gun crews would then build various devices in such a manner that the gun would come in contact with the stops beneath and around the guns, and, upon the gun coming against one of these stops would result in giving the fire the direction needed. Other wooden devices were built under the guns automatically so that when the gun rested on the wooden barrier beneath it, that gave it the correct elevation to carry the fire the desired distance into No Man's Land. These aiming devices were called foolproofs. These foolproofs were built in each emplacement and per- mitted these barrage guns to perform either one, two or three difl'erent missions as required. If a rocket went up from zone "B" the machine gunner on watch would yell to the gunner, "Barrage B," and the gunner by pulling out a nail, if his gun was then set for Barrage A, could slide his gun over to the next nail and know that his fire was being directed at the required spot. Constant practice, both at day and night, supplemented by test barrages made the gunners extremely quick in delivering their fire in response to signals even in the blackness of the night. They could move their guns against the stops which automatically aimed the guns correctly and delivered fire upon the desired point as well as if it had been day time. After the installation of this system of interlocking bar- rages, test barrages were frequently fired. However, after the system had been in use for a fortnight these were discontinued, except when new forces came up for relief, when test barrages were again fired to make the newcomers familiar with the de- fense plan. All of this resulted in an entirely new and more efficient machine gun defense of our sector, and had the effect of increasing each machine gunner's confidence in the ability of his arm to prevent an attack. The enemy, like our prede- cessors, the French, after his general policy, had placed his machine guns in the front line. After our barrage plan went into effect very few of our machine guns were left in the front lines but were placed near the front on commanding ground with good fields of fire. This permitted the gun to perform two functions. First, it was effective at long range for barrage pur- pose, and secondly, if the enemy succeeded in penetrating the barrage fire these guns had good fields of fire for direct pur- poses. The installation of this plan required a great deal of thought, time and work. New emplacements were dug, made shr&pnel proof with steal rails and sandbag tops and sides and the guns placed in them on secure bases. There was great rivalry among the gun crews for the best and most up-to-date THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 15 emplacement. These emplacements were models of neatness and very ingeniously camouflaged. Wherever possible they were located in heavy brush or points difl^icult to be observed. When machine guns are placed in the front line it is practically impossible to keep the enemy from locating them. Photographs made from aeroplanes very often reveal the location of the gun emplacements and whenever one fires the enemy carefully marks the location of the flash and knows then where it is sit- uated. When these guns are scattered in rear of the front line, and escheloned in depth it is more difficult to locate them. On taking over the lines from the French they turned over to us a map of the enemy's positions showing the exact location of all the machine guns in his front lines. Our plan greatly mitigated the possibility of the enemy securing the location of our guns. Our emplacements with the various charts and or- ders neatly adorning the walls looked more like the bulletin boards of large city dailies than places of war. As information was received from lime to time copies of the same were sent to these emplacements for the enlightenment of the gun crews. For these crews, life took on the same business-like regu- larity it takes on for the man going to work at home. The crews were divided into watches, and worked certain speci- fied hours of duty daily. Dugouts were built adjoining these emplacements wherever possible, and, in these when off duty the men lived and slept. They were always ready here to re- spond instantly in case of necessity. The firing of the barrage of course, was commenced by those on duty in the emplace- ments at the time; but, all men turned out as soon as possible after the fire had commenced and carried on until the barrage was no longer needed. Upon the call for barrage fire, by rocket, there were stand- ing orders that the fire should be continued for ten minutes and if it was required for a longer period it was signaled by additional rockets. The rate of fire was ordered at 150 bullets per minute per gun. From six to eight guns were used in mak- ing the barrage for each zone. Where the 57th and 58th In- fantry Brigades joined, barrages were placed by the machine guns of each brigade to prevent any attack at the junction of the two brigades. This plan was also in use where our division joined those on its right and left. After considerable work this plan of defense worked efficiently and was easily understood by the gun crews. It was built under the direction of Lieuten- ant Colonel R. H. Kelly, Division Machine Gun Officer, assisted by Major Millard E. Tydings, of the 111th Machine Gun Bat- talion, and Major D. .John Markey, of the 112th Machine Gun Battalion. The 110th Machine Gun Battalion, MajxJr James H. Washburn, commanding, relieved various units of the 111th and 112th Machine Gun Battalions in the execution of this defense work. In short, every Machine Gun Company in 16 THE MACHIXE GUNNERS the 29th Division had, some time or other, occupied the barrage emplacements. A little more than one-third of the division's fourteen machine gun companies were generally used in this work, the remaining companies being in support and reserve at which places they too had emergency positions for occupancy in case the enemy succeeded in penetrating our initial machine gun defenses. At times these companies in support and reserve were given harassing fire missions and other similar duties. When not actively engaged, prescribed training schedules were carried out by troops in support and reserve. The machine gun defense on a whole was never needed; but, various zone bar- rages were placed on No Man's Land from time to time in re- sponse to signals with good results. As a precaution against hostile aeroplanes, machine guns were lashed on posts about four or five feet from the ground. These could be operated easily and when planes were flying low these machine guns would fire on them. Even though the plane was not brought down, nevertheless, it would fly higher to a safer altitude when fired on, which handicapped the ob- server's view of our lines. HARASSING FIRE War has many phases. It comprises the whole gamut of activities from saving peach kernels for gas masks and spread- ing enticing propaganda, to the correct way of leading the army mule. But, the real punch that wins the day is the weapon and its consequent effect. Often the very sight of it will be enough, but, more often, it is the shot that induces this frame of mind on the part of the enemy. Therefore, hardly had the machine gunners become accustomed to trench life when they were ordered to harass the Boche day and night with machine gun fire. The intelligence department daily reported localities fre- quented by the enemy. These comprised dugouts, kitchens, paths, machine gun positions and communicating trenches. Aeroplanes took pictures of these places to clearly show the vicinity and appearance of them. Maps with a scale of ap- proximately twelve inches to the mile were obtained and with these it was a comparatively easy task to locate accurately the targets we wished to fire upon. For, once we had selected our gun position and target on the map, by drawing a line con- necting the two spots, the angle of switch from magnetic north could easily be calculated. The range was also a simple mat- ter while from the contour lines showing the relative heighth of the gun and target and it was, by taking into consideration the range, but a matter of minutes to know how much to ele- vate the barrel and the direction the gun should be pointed to put fire down on the place desired. It was not necessary to see the target for all data was furnished from the map. With this information in hand a number of desirable tar- gets were selected from the front line of the enemy to two thousand meters in his rear. Our plan was to fire twelve times each 24 hours on these hostile localities. To further deceive him. this fire was to be delivered at irregular intervals and on various targets. For example, at 3.10 A. M. and 7.50 A. M. and 9 P. M. on one day and at 4.20 A. M., 1.30 P. M. and 11.35 P. M. on the following day. At the same time jumping from one target to another each time firing was done. The main idea was to keep Fritz w^orried and guessing as to just where 18 THE MACHINE GUNNERS and when he could expect to receive these steel invitations to quit the gun for the plow. Then too, this firing was done from many different places by us, for it is a simple matter in trench warfare to pick up a gun and put it out of business if it habitually fires from the same location. Suddenly out of the quiet one rainy night there resounded the energetic rat-tat-tat of a machine gun platoon playing a stream of lead on one of the Boche communicating trenches. A few hours later again the air cracked with the shower of bul- lets falling on an enemy dugout area. And then, just as if am- munition was no factor at all, there came another chattering burst on Fritzie's kitchens. This type of firing lasted from two to three minutes and from 500 to 3,000 shots were fired, depending on the import- ance and formation of the place fired upon. Fritz's attitude was at first one of tolerant surprise. The sector had been fairly quiet. "Surely, thought he, these Ameri- cans must think they are it." For a week there was no retalia- tion from our friend, the enemy, he evidently desiring to create the impression that our machine gun fire had no effect, and so appearing to worry him not the least we would cease our efforts. Did we stop? Where we had used two guns we now used four. We fired more frequently. We fired longer. And Fritz came down off of his aloof, dignified perch, got real mad, cussed a little no doubt, probably confined his orderly to quar- ters, ordered up more ammunition and came after us with artillery. When he at first retaliated it was slow in response and not great in intensity. But his replies grew in their quickness of response, although R. S. V. P., as I recall, was not on any of the bullets we sent over and Fritz grew more and more angry as evinced by the increasing quantity of his fire. With this desire of the enemy to locate our harassing bat- teries there was, I need not mention, a corresponding desire on the part of our batteries that they be not located. An officer would go up in the day, select good positions, place in his stakes, etc., and at dusk the machine gun crews would creep up, locate their guns and lay low until the time to fire. Then for three mad minutes every gun would spit lead at its maxi- mum, fire its allotment, and seizing hastily their equipment all would make for cover with Fritz lighting the way with bursting shells. It was sweeter th^n the taste of honey to shoot up Fritz and then get back without casualties ourselves. The harassing fire was continued without cessation twelve times each twenty-four hours daily for months, and did much to turn a pink tea sector whose motto had been "you be nice and THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 19 I'll be nice" into a small edition of Vesuvius in eruption. During this period the sector became more and more active. Artillery, trench mortars, machine guns and individual rifles being called more and more into play. There v^ere more men in the enemy trenches, and more movement everywhere. This harassing fire had the effect of greatly raising the morale of the machine gun troops. During the month of Au- gust, 1918, four platoons were used daily for this purpose, and each platoon fired an average of three times per 24 hours. Then, too, we took over the direction of the one pounders, which co-operated with us in this character of warfare. That this did much to lower the morale of the enemy began to be evident; for, each time a machine gun platoon engaged in this work the artillery at once opened in an effort to put it out of business. By the time the artillery found the gun positions, however, machine gunners and their equipment had been re- moved to cover. Frequently the escapes were very close af- fairs, a few seconds or a few yards being the difference between a hit or miss. Our casualties were light considering our activity. An emplacement of the 112th Machine Gun Battalion was hit on one occasion, killing or wounding the crew. At another time a whole platoon of the 113th Machine Gun Company, while withdrawing from the line was caught in a mustard gas bar- rage and burned, resulting in several killed and all severely burned. On the whole, however, Jerry managed to miss us for the most part, although he was on the job with plenty of effort. RAIDING The Center Sector, Haute-Alsace, had upon our entrance been one of the quiet sectors not far from the Swiss frontier. Soon, however, after the machine gun harassing fire program was put in operation it assumed from day to day an increasingly active character, although no attempt was made by either side to change the location of the existing lines. The enemy and ourselves became more and more alert, never missing an oppor- tunity to harass and annoy each other. The harassing fire from the machine guns was the occasion for more or less shelling in retaliation. This shelling was without any obvious plan or pur- pose except to lower our morale. At times it was very severe ; particularly, the gassing of Bandholtz woods, where over one hundred of our men suffered from a mustard gas attack, some being so badly burned it resulted in death. A few attempts at raids during this period were made by the Germans. In none of them did they attain the slightest suc- cess except one made in the 57th Brigade; when, by the use of liquid fire several of the infantry were killed or badly burned. The first raid made by the 29th Division occurred on the 30th day of August and was made by men of the 115th In- fantry and was supported by a machine gun protective barrage laid down by the Machine Gun Company of the 115th Infantry, Captain Jarman commanding; and Company A, 112th Machine Gun Battalion, Captain Kaiser, commanding. Previous to this time, August 15, 1918, Company A, 112th Machine Gun Bat- talion, Captain Tydings commanding, and Company B, 112th Machine Gun Battalion, Captain Boundurant, commanding, had moved their guns in position to cover a raiding party from the 115th Infantry. On this occasion elaborate emplacements were built with sand bags, corrugated iron and wooden ties in which machine guns were located. There were fifteen guns with Com- pany A and nine with Company B. However, after all prepara- tions had been completed and the gunners had waited on two nights for the signal to open fire, the raid was abandoned through circumstances which prevented its execution. All of the machine gunners had worked exceedingly hard in prepara- tion for this raid and were in strong positions from which very effective work could have undoubtedly been done had the op- portunity presented itself. TTIR BTATE AND (in AY DIVISION 21 Two weeks later, however, the raid of August 30 did ma- terialize and two gunners, namely Beilaski and Hennessie ac- companied the raiding party and captured a German machine gun, which they brought back to our lines as a souvenir. The mission of the machine gun companies covering the raid of August 30th was to place a box barrage about the raiding party when it entered the German lines so as to prevent the enemy from reinforcing or retreating from the sector raided. Com- pany A, 112th Machine Gun Battalion, was the right group and the Machine Gun Company, 115th Infantry, formed the left group of machine guns. So well had these two companies selected the location for their guns and hidden the gun flashes, that though the enemy tried to locate them by searching here and there with his artil- lery he was, nevertheless, unsuccessful. Both of these com- panies fired continuously for almost an hour. Largely because of the protection they afforded, the raiding party suffered little damage from any reinforcements being sent in to the spot at- tacked. On the 7th of September a raiding party from the 57th Brigade consisting of about one hundred infantrymen with some engineers crossed No Man's Land and raided a section of the enemy trenches in their front. The twenty-eight machine guns covering this raid Vv'ere as follows: Four guns, Company A, 111th Machine Gun Battallion, Lt. N, P. White commanding; twelve guns Company B, 111th Machine Gun Battalion, Captain D. L. Doran, commanding; twelve guns. Company D, 111th Machine Gun Battalion, Captain C. A. Wild commanding. This raid was executed at dawn and worked so smoothly that there was not a casualty in the attacking party; nor in the personnel of the supporting arms. It may not be amiss to set down here in detail how the machine guns operated in covering these raids. Whenever or- ders came to brigade headquarters to raid the enemy the ma- chine gun battalion commander, from the battalion furnishing the machine guns for the raid, was called into conference. He was then told by the brigade commander of the general scheme of things, including about the dates the raid would take place, its size, the place to be raided, the mission of the raiding party, what the artillery and trench mortars would probably do to cover the raid, and what the machine guns would be expected, to do. The machine gun major was also notified that the utmost secrecy must surround all movements and only those who must absolutely know should be told about the approaching event. The machine gun ofiicer then returned to his battalion, where, after explaining the mission of the machine guns to the com- pany commanders selected to carry out the machine gun plans, he with them, made a reconnaisance of the section of the front to be attacked and selected possible positions from which the 22 THE MACHINK GUNNERS machine guns would accomplish their missions. In selecting these machine gun locations care had to be taken to find places where good fields of fire could be obtained with a reasonable amount of cover and where no other auxiliary arms were lo- cated. Usually, where the terrain permitted, the machine gun- ners took up positions on wooded slopes and where high ground and cover were to their advantage. On the occasion of the 57th Brigade raid great difficulty was encountered in getting good positions for the guns of the left group and four of them had to be placed in front of our front line trenches . This policy was very unusual as well as very dangerous. In proof of the aforegoing statement I may add here, that not more than thirty seconds after these four gun crews had withdrawn after the raid was over, two shells from the enemy struck on the very positions they had occupied. Their escape was a combination of good luck and good management. Once having selected the general location for the guns, stakes were driven in the ground where each gun was to be located. Then, from the map firing data was calculated. Next, with aid of the compass, aiming stakes were placed out in front of the gun locations approximately ten yards from each gun. Having selected the location of the guns and having placed in these stakes they were never abandoned by those in charge without leaving someone on watch. At the gun locations Tee bases were firmly set in the ground. A number of sand bag^ and flash hiders, plenty of water and boxes of ammunition were brought up under cover and hidden somewhere near the scene of action. The officers then made up this firing data, in chart form, and it was then submitted to battalion headquar- ters for approval. Here it was closely checked to ascertain if there was sufficient clearance for the raiding party; for a great deal of this protective barrage passes not very far over the heads of the attacking troops. When everything is in readiness, at dusk on the evening preceding the raid the guns which have been hidden in the vicinity of the front are brought up just at twilight and placed on the Tee bases which have already been installed. Each gun is then aimed on its aiming stakes giving it the correct direction and a clinometer placed upon it giving it the correct elevation. The tripods are securely seated by placing sand bags on each of the legs. The gun crews then bring up the water and ammunition boxes and place them neatly in piles by the side of the gun, where they can readily be found in the dark. Each gun is then loaded and locked and checked by the platoon leaders and foolproofs installed. Flash hiders were erected about a yard in front of each gun. These consisted of stretching burlap bagging about 6 feet in height and 5 feet in width on vertical wooden frames, so placed that the gun when firing, would shoot through the THE BLUB AND GRAY DIVISION 23 burlap. Pieces of burlap also extended back from this frame to the sides of each gun. These burlap screens were kept satu- rated with water and had the effect of screening or hiding the flashes of each gun from the observation of the enemy. The water was used to prevent the burlap taking fire. These flash hiders were so successful that the enemy had no way of detecting just where the guns were located except from the noise; and, as the artillery, trench mortars and other arms were all firing at the same time this was very diflScult. Of course, in locating the guns in the preliminary work before they are brought up, it is essential that no movement be detected by the enemy; consequently, in all preparations be- fore the guns are brought up only a few men collected about the spot where the guns would be stationed and these took great pains that none of their movements could be seen. For this same reason, the gunners are brought up at dusk, for al- though a number of men operating at the gun positions would be readily seen in day time it is difficult for the enemy to notice them at that distance when the light of day is failing. During this time the signal corps had arranged a telephonq system connecting the various groups with a central station. This central station is located where the trench to be raided can be plainly seen; and, from this point, the machine gun com- mander of all the groups directs by telephone the firing of the guns. Codes were arranged so that msesages sent back and forth over the wires could not be detected by the enemy through induction. On the occasion of the 57th Brigade raid "hot dogs" meant commence firing and "Belfort" meant stop firing, and other similar words were adopted to facilitate the control of the machine gun fire from this central station. Finally everything was in readiness and there was nothing to do but to wait for the hour at which firing was ordered to commence. The hour selected usually was just at the break of dawn. All those taking part in the raid had previously synchron- ized their watches. Five minutes before the time set for the raiding party to enter the German lines the machine guns would open up, placing a barrage around the section of trench raided and continue firing until the raiding party had with- drawn to our lines. When the raid leader had made his way back safely to our lines he would shoot a Very pistol light in the air which was a signal that our firing was no longer needed. As soon as this safety signal was seen each machine gun crew stopped firing and picking up the equipment withdrew as quickly as possible to the safety of a dugout. On these occa- sions the enemy would try to put us out of business all during 24 THE MACHINE GITNNERS the raid, searching here and there with his artillery for the lo- cation of the guns. These raids were always energetically entered into by the machine gun personnel and did much to weaken and lower the morale of the enemy. They also were the cause of much of the activity by both sides and following them firing of all arms by the opposing forces increased decidedly. I have in the preceding chapters given an outline of the kind of work that was our daily portion, while the "Blue and Gray" Division held the trenches in Alsace. Early in Sep- tember there were evidences and rumors that we were to move to another sector. This proved to be correct, for orders came shortly to prepare for relief. Gradually companies withdrew, being relieved by units of a new division. The scenes where we had lived for two months were soon to be abandoned. Each night more and more companies were relieved and by day- break had found ciuarters many miles from the front. FROM ALSACE TO VERDUN After all the machine gun companies had withdrawn from the trenches in Alsace they assembled in the various villages in the rear. Remaining here a few days, during which time each of the companies overhauled its equipment, the various battalions then marched through the city of Belfort to the coun- try just beyond. Here all remained for a short while awaiting further orders. A part of the 111th Machine Gun Battalion was quartered in the little village of Frahier. On the evening of our arrival here it was raining very hard. As soon as the men had put their equipment away they moved about the little village, tak- ing shelter in the stores, cafes and other places awaiting the call for supper. In one of these cafes a number of machine gun- ners congregated. At the request of the young French lad one of the men exhibited his pistol and explained its workings. In the handling of the weapon it was accidentally discharged and resulted in the death of the young Frenchman. An investigation of the affair was had immediately. In the course of the investigation the dead boy's parents, who were poor folk and natives of the village, were interviewed. These parents, with tears in their eyes, requested of the officers mak- ing the investigation that the American lad be not punished for the shooting, the affair having been a pure accident. "America has done much for France already," said the Frenchman, "and j^ou boys have come a long way from home to help us stricken people, and we are full of gratitude for your coming. Inasmuch as the firing was a pure accident it is our sincere request that the lad who did the shooting be unpun- ished; for, although our loss is great, our sorrow very heavy, we wish you Americans to know that we are grateful for what you are doing for France." This patriotic act from these French people inspired every man quartered in the little town and in time was transmitted throughout the machine gun battalion. Upon the burial of this young Frenchman companies and individuals presented many beautiful wreaths to show the parents their sympathy and regret. 26 THE MACHINE GUNNERS On the night of the 23rd and 24th of September the various machine gun battalions entrained. These trains were made up of a number of third class coaches, box cars and flat cars. Ma- chine gun carts, kitchens, red cross wagons, ammunition lim- bers, horses and all equipment were loaded; about eight trains were used to carry the machine gun equipment and personnel. It was an exceedingly difficult and laborious job to get all of this heavy equipment on the few cars furnished. The loading was done at night in a steady rain. When it was completed a very tired lot of men crawled, wet and hungry, into the box cars and coaches for rest. After riding for a number of hours the machine gun personnel detrained, reassembled the equipment and marched to the vicinity of the village of Rembercourt. For a day or so the battalions were billeted in and near Rember- court. On the evening of the 26th of September all of the machine gun organizations marched to the outskirts of the town, and took up positions along side of busses, which had arrived to transport the battalion to the front lines if necessary. At this time the American Army had commenced its at- tack in the Argonne and the Blue and Gray Division was then a part of the army reserve. The machine gun units were ready, if necessity demanded, to be loaded with their guns in these busses and taken to such points in ths line as required their as- sistance. These motor transports were driven and manned by Chinese. The machine gun carts were partly dismantled so as to permit quick loading in a sm^all space and for two days and three nights the men slept and lived along this line of busses awaiting orders to load. Orders not to board the busses unless word came to move were received and everyone had to stand in the elements, huddled in the lee of these vehicles. This order was not strictly enforced owing to the cold rain which was unbearable, and many men crawled in the motors and took shelter with the Chinese. During this time a number of men went to the hospital with severe colds, which in some cases developed into pneumonia and death. After waiting for three days in constant expectation of a move, orders were received stating that the services of the or- ganizations were not needed at the front and the trucks de- parted and the battalions came back in the villages. Following, a series of marches occurred almost nightly, which took the organizations from the vicinity of Rembercourt to the vicinity of the Moulin Brule, about six miles south of Verdun, where temporary shacks erected in woods were occu- pied. The march from Rembercourt to the front was in stages of from fifteen to twenty kilometers per night; the men sleep- ing in the day time and marching on again at night. It rained constantly. As a consequence the roads were very heavy and marching with one's equipment was a good bit like hard work. THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION ^ 27 Movements of all kinds in and near the front had to be made at night. In the day time enemy aeroplanes or observation bal- loons would quickly pick up numbers of men or vehicles and machine gun attacks from planes or artillery would have been inevitable. Thousands of men and vehicles of all kinds were encountered moving up and down the highways taking ad- vantage of the darkness, going to and from the front feeding the big machine that had started to move toward Germany. At the cross roads military policemen were stationed to keep this great stream of traffic from becoming dangerously congested. These military policemen had been drawn from many of the large cities of America and almost all of them had had a great deal of traffic experience in civil life. In the dark- ness it was little short of marvelous to note the smoothness with which all movements took place on these arteries. It is difficult for one who has not witnessed it to comprehend this great throng of man and vehicles. Troops in the front must be fed, clothed, watered, kept supplied with ammunition and equipment of all kinds, and the horses and mules must also be supplied with food and drink daily. Then too, the wounded must be evacuated. At night along the roads near the front thou- sands of men in a continuous column were going in to relieve those in the lines and thousands of men were coming down the same road who have just been relieved. Ammunition for artillery, trench mortars, ma- chine guns, one pounders, rifles and pistols was being trans- ported in seemingly endless quantities to feed the arms used at the front. This was usually carried in motor trucks. Ambu- lances driven by both men and women were bringing the wounded from the field hospitals to the hospitals established in the rear. All of the roads running to the front at night time throb with activity. There is no talking. Unnecessary noises are avoided. Silhouettes loom up out of the darkness and can be seen for a minute and vanish and still other silhouettes come out of the darkness to take the place of those that have van- ished. A cross road that in civil life saw not more than a dozen persons a day would be visited by as many persons and vehicles as the busiest corner in the world's largest metropolis. If a horse gave out it was pushed over in the ditch and the column which had halted for a moment moved on again. Every nerve and every energy was bent upon giving the men at the front everything possible. These columns must at all hazards be kept moving. From the vicinity of the Moulin Brule the roar and flashes of the artillery could be heard and seen and from here by easy stages the machine gun units moved to the front. On its ap- proach reconnaisance parties were sent out from each of the battalions in the day time learning the roads and country over which the division was shortly to fight. Most of these parties, 28 THE MACHINE GUNNERS with a guide who was familiar with the front, studied from points of vantage the enemy territory. "Le Morte Ilomme/'^ made famous when its French de- fenders coined the phrase "they shall not pass" was selected by a number of these parties because of its commanding view from which to study the hostile territory. Standing on this sacred spot of ground, made immortal by the life blood of thousands of men, one could visualize the clash of the troops of the Crown Prince and the determined defenders of Verdun. Finally all reconnaisance parties returned to their organi- zations and waited for the orders that would carry us into the fighting. 1^1 1 Dead Man's Hill. THE MEUSE-ARGONNE The 29th Division commenced its operations in the Meuse- Argonne offensive, about six or seven miles north of the City of Verdun on the east bank of the Meuse river. On September 26th General Pershing had sent the American army forward under the greatest artillery barrage in history. All of this occurred on the west bank of the river. As these troops pushed forward they were subject to an intense fire from the enemy on the right bank of the river, the fire fell upon the advancing American army from the front, flank and rear. As this advance progressed it became apparent to our high command that an offensive would have to be commenced on the east bank of the river, in order that the enemy might be driven from his position there and the troops on the west bank relieved from the fire delivered by the enemy across the river. The 29th Division was one of the outfits selected to cross the river and make this, attack. The country along the Meuse is rolling and covered here and there with patches of woodland. From the river the hills rise more or less abruptly and run in small ranges with rather deep ravines between them. Such little villages as had existed, prior to the war had been completely wiped out. It was diffi- cult in several of them to locate exactly where the houses had once stood, so complete was the devastation. Stones had been taken from these crumbling homes from time to time to keep the roads in repair. At Samogneaux faint vestiges of the once pretty little village were still visible. The woods had grown up in almost impassable thickets, except for the paths that had been kept open by the German troops. This ground had been in the hands of the enemy since the Verdun offensive made by the German Crown Prince. It was admirably adapted to defense purposes and seizing upon its natural advantages the enemy had built an exceptionally strong defense system. He had three main lines of strongly fortified trenches that seemed impregnable. Concrete and steel machine gun emplacements were built in each. The enemy artillery was craftily placed in the wooded ravines. On the 7th of October, 1918, the 29th Division received or- ders to attack on the following morning. The terrain was such that it was apparent that the machine guns would have a series of missions, which could not be seen at the beginning of the at- 30 THE MACHINE GUNNERS tack. Company A, Captain Kaiser commanding, and Com- pany B. Captain Lyon commanding; Company C. Captain Bon- deurant commanding, all of the 112th Machine Gun Battalion, and the 116th Machine Gun Company, Captain Ast, command- ing were attached to the assaulting battalions and accompanied the attack. At dawn the troops which had crossed the river at night, moved forward. They completely surprised the enemy and by 3 o'clock on October the 8th most of the attackers had reached the normal objective, taking several miles of ground and hundreds of prisoners. During this advance Sergt. Tucker, Company A, 112th Machine Gun Battalion, while exploring a dug-out, captured five prisoners and started to return with them to his company headquarters when one of the captured Germans broke away and tried to escape. Calling three times to the running man to halt, and, upon his failure to do so, Tucker drew his pistol and killed him. The following is Tucker's written account of the incident: "While exploring a German dug-out during the advance I came upon five Germans and ordered them to surrender, which they did. I formed them in line and started to miarch them to the rear. One broke away and ran toward the German lines. I yelled to him to halt. He would not halt. I yelled again to halt. He would not halt. I yelled the third time to halt. He would not halt. I drew my gun. I took sure aim. I fired, and Old Bill had one man less." Signed: Tucker, Sgt. Co. A, 112th Machine Gun Bn. The 9th of October was taken up in consolidating the ground gained and in establishing the machine guns where they would be the most effective to repell a counter attack. The work of straightening out the lines continued on the 10th, on which date the ground taken was strongly garrisoned and for- tified. The 111th Machine Gun Battalion crossed the Meuse River on the night of October 8-9 at Regneville, about one mile north of the spot where the 112th had crossed, on a bridge, which had been hastily built by the engineers. The 111th at once dug fox holes in the side of the hills along the river and in these awaited further orders. On October 10, at 11 o'clock the 113th Machine Gun Com- pany, Captain Weigard commanding, and Company C, Cap- tain Westenhover commanding; 111th Machine Gun Battalion* went over with the assaulting waves in an attack on some wood- ed hills known as the Bois de la Reine and the Bois de Chene. At 5 o'clock in the afternoon of October 10 these units reached their objective and the machine guns were used to cover the consolidation and protect our right flank, which was somewhat exposed. Orniont Favni Ruins German Observation Post and Machine Gun Platform — Richine Hill THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 31 The headquarters of the 111th and 112th Machine Gui; Battalions were moved forward and kept in constant touch by telephone and runners with the company headquarters in the front line. It became necessary to send an additional company from the 111th Machine Gun Battalion to reinforce the extreme right flank, held by our division, which was then exposed. Com- pany D was selected for this mission. Although this company moved quickly and took advantage of all cover possible, three men were killed and three wounded in moving into position. Early in the morning of the 12th of October, Company B, 111th Machine Gun Battalion, Captain Butcher commanding, and the 114th Machine Gun Company, Captain Keating commanding, moved through the Ravine de Coassinvaux to accompany the assaulting waves of the 114th infantry, whose objective was the commanding wooded hill, Bois d'Ormont. The attacking troops had very little support in the way of artillery and it soon became evident that their mission would be an exceedingly trying one without artillery support, as the enemy was strongly fortified on the top of the hill. The commanding officer of the 111th Machine Gun Battalion, on his own initiative, ordered Company A, 111th Machine Gun Battalion, Captain Doyle com- manding, to take up a position on the hill about one-half mile southwest of the Bois d'Ormont, for the purpose of delivering an overhead barrage into the edge of the woods as the infantry advanced. This attack commenced at 7 o'clock. The work of Company A, under command of Captain Doyle on this occasion brought forth both brigade and division com- mendation for the entire company. This company had orders to fire an overhead barrage over our troops from 7 o'clock until 7.15. Twelve machine guns were used. The rate of fire was one hundred and fifty shots per gun for the first minute and one hundred shots per gun for the remaining fourteen minutes. Two minutes after fire was commenced by this machine gun company its location was spotted by the enemy and a ter- rific barrage of high explosives was placed on the hillside which it occupied. Those who witnessed the deluge of shells rained on this machine gun company had thought it would be wiped out. Fortunately, however, the company had placed its guns in an abandoned trench where it would be protected from thq flying pieces of shrapnel. To the everlasting credit of this company, every gun continued to fire for fifteen minutes, firing a total of 24,000 rounds over the heads of our own troops and on the trenches occupied by the enemy. During the fifteen minutes of this firing our troops made good progress, but as the attackers approached the German lines the continuation of this overhead fire became too dangerous to the advancing lines, and it had to be discontinued as ordered, and our infantry was left to fight it out with very little support. 32 THE MACHINE GUNNERS Most of the casualties suffered by the machine gun com- panies that accompanied the assault, which are tabulated on a later page of this narrative, were suffered in this attack. Company B, of the 111th Machine Gun Battalion and the 114th Machine Gun Company had suffered so heavily in the attack on Ormont Woods that it became necessary to send Company D, Lt. Oakley commanding, on October 14th, to re- inforce these two companies, and Company A, 111th Machine Gun Battalion, Captain Doyle commanding, was sent in to re- inforce the machine gun companies participating in the attack of October 10 in anticipation of a counter-attack from the enemy. Company D, First Lieutenant William M. Storm command-, ing, 112th Machine Gun Battalion, on October 14, assisted the infantry in its advance through the Bois de Consenvoye to the southern edge of the Molevilie Farm clearing. This company took up a strong position firing obliquely across the front of the attacking troops. A platoon of Company D was ordered to fire, covering this advance until the troops reached the other side of the clearing. The advance however, was held up until the following day. This platoon fired for twenty-eight minutes. A few minutes after the barrage had started an aeroplane hovered over the guns and firing ceased while the men remained motionless for the time being. The aeroplane then flew away and firing was resumed. Twenty minutes later the plane re- turned, flying so near the ground that its markings were clearly recognized as French and it is believed to be an allied plane by every one. This time firing was not stopped and soon after- ward a flare was dropped from the plane and immediately an artillery barrage was laid down by the enemy, which com- pletely destroyed the positions of this platoon. Two guns were demolished and the fire w^as so intense that it drove men away from their emplacements. This was one of the few incidences where enemy aeroplanes masquerading under the allied markings was able, through this deception, to locate our guns and which undoubtedly caused our losses. The advance was ordered to continue across the Molevilie Farm clearing to the southern edge of the woods just beyond. The woods was known as the Bois de la Grande Montagne. On the 15th of October at 7.45 A. M., Company C, Captain Bondur- rant commanding, 112th Machine Gun Battalion, laid a direct overhead barrage on the Bois de la Grande Montagne for three hours, covering the advance of the assaulting battalion across the Molevilie Farm clearing, and into the woods fired upon. At noon on this day this machine gun company moved forward under heavy fire into the edge of the Montagne Woods and layed its guns to resist a counter attack. A platoon of Company D, First Lieutenant William M. Storm commanding, 112th Machine Gun Battalion, was sent to the eastern edge of the Trenches in front of Bois d' Ormont \mik,. mi -rt-j-^ X ' .H^y \ ¥W- 3i ■■■ 'i German Machine Gun Nest — Bois d' Ormont THE r.I.T'R AXP '^RAY PTVISIOX 33 Bois de Consenvoye, with orders to reduce machine gun nests in a woods on the right of the Moleville Farm clearing, from which the enemy was causing our troops severe losses. This was accomplished. The fighting so far had been a series of action designed to enable our troops to drive the Germans out of their strongly fortified trench system. Such machine gun companies as were not actually used in accompanying the assaulting battalions were placed where they would have good fields of fire to resist a possible counter attack from the enemy. A smaller force was kept in reserve for general defense purposes. Many of the com- panies that had accompanied the assaulting troops during the early stages of the battle were relieved by fresh machine gun companies, which were taken from the support and reserve, until every machine gun unit in the division had become in- volved at some time or other in furthering the advance, except the 110th Machine Gun Battalion (motorized), which was kept as divisional reserve. The fighting from October 8th until October 21st had won for us valuable ground. The time between the 19th and the 21st of October was used in straightening out the lines and con- solidating and strengthening positions taken by our troops. From the 17th to the 21st of October there was some lull in the actual advance, although there was a great deal of acti- vity on all sides. The strain had begun to tell on the men who had had little relief during two weeks of continuous fighing and many of the companies had suffered very heavily from casual- ties. All things considered, the prisoners taken and ground won had been well worth the effort. The impregnable enemy defenses held so long by the hostile forces and which had threatened the City of Verdun for years was materially broken. Then, too, the knowledge that we were advancing and gradu- ally overcoming the Boche was raising the spirit of our troops and correspondingly lowering the morale of our adversaries. THE ATTACK ON ETRAYES RIDGE A survey of the ground held by the 29th Division on Octo- ber 21st, brought out the fact that nearly all of the high ter- rain was in our hands, except a wooded height, known as Etrayes Ridge. Looking down on us from all sides, it stood a natural barrier to further progress. From this height the enemy could look down the various ravines and check up our movements and intentions. While this strong hill remained in German hands, from it was directed the hostile artillery fire with exceptional accuracy. It rose up several hundred feet from the ravines at the foot of its slopes and its top was perhaps seventy yards wide and several hundred yards in length, being shaped somewhat like a lady finger. Cleverly hidden on its military crest in the thickets were rows of enemy machine guns adroitly pointed down the little paths which were almost the only means of getting through the thick bushes and woods. Orders came that the hill must be taken. Three battalions of infantry, each accompanied by a machine gun company, were designated as the assaulting waves. These, with the regi- ment of the 26th (Yankee) Division, which had moved in on our right, were to follow a definite plan, the consumation of which, would give us possession of this valuable piece of ground. All branches of the service were issued orders cover- ing their activities and a period of forty eight hours to make the necessary arrangements for the attack was given every one. Owing to the thickness of the bushes and woods and because the assaulting waves were forced to charge up the slopes of a steep hill the advance of the attackers was ordered to progress at the rate of 100 meters every ten minutes (about 110 yards). The artillery was instructed to arrange its barrage so that when the advance commenced, and during its continu- ance, a curtain of firing shells would strike the ground about 150 yards along the entire front of the assaulting units and move forward at the same pace as that of the troops. The 110th, 111th, 112th Machine Gun Battalions were ordered to prepare barrages moving at the same rate as the artillery bar- rage and which would fall as closely in front of our own troops as safety would permit. Other arms were assigned other mis- sions. ^\ iA- German Machine Gun Nest — Etrayes Ridge ^,,;-j,»-^j^i5 ^(y.;^--;i««5gf4!.i;'_> .j^; Looking up "Death Valley" toward Mollevilie Woods THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 35 Preceding the actual attack and before dawn, our troops holding the front line were ordered, under cover of darkness, to fall back about three hundred yards. This was done so that the artillery and machine gun fire could be brought in and made to fall on the positions we were holding before we had fallen back. Then as the advance commenced, this barrage, or cur- tain of fire, would move forward being followed by the at- tackers. This permitted our artillery and machine guns to cover with projectiles the entire lot of earth from our original front lines to our final objective. Two companies of the 110th Machine Gun Battalion, James H. Washburn, commanding, the day before the attack was to commence, as a result of a recon- naissance, took up positions on the edge of The Moleville Farm Clearing, where they could see a great deal of the ground, which was ordered to be taken. This battalion was directed to commence firing thirty minutes before the attack commenced with all its guns, and to continue harassing the ground which we desired to capture until our attack was under way, when it would withdraw to cover. In order to explain the operation of the 111th Machine Gun Battalion in this attack it is necessary to state in a general way the formation of the lines the infantry was holding. Up to this time all of our advances were in a general northerly direction. Our line ran from The Grande Montagne Woods southerly across The Moleville Farm Clearing to Moleville Woods and thence, jutted off sharply to the east. Thus, our line was in a formation of the letter "V". The attack on Etrayes Ridge was ordered made in an easterly direction. This permitted the placing of the 111th Machine Gun Battalion out on the leg of "V" formed so it could fire directly across the front of the attacking troops, firing as it were, an enfilade or flank barrage. The ground to be taken was divided into four blocks, and Company "D", Captain White, commanding and Company "A", Captain Doyle, commanding, were each given two blocks of the territory to be taken as tar- gets for their machine guns. Each of these Captains divided their companies into two platoons, and gave each platoon one block of the ground to be taken as a target. These companies were instructed to so place their fire that the bullets would fall on the same ground covered by the artillery barrage. As the artillery barrage moved forward the machine gun barrage would move forward with it. These four platoons of the 111th Machine Gun Battalion were placed several hundred yards apart. As the infantry started forward the first platoon com- menced firing, and this fire gradually moved preceding the attacking troops so as to be always about 150 yards in their front. When the attacking troops had moved completely across the first block of the ground to be taken, the first platoon ceased firing and went out of action. Immediately the second platoon 36 THE MACHINE GUNNERS took up the fire where the first platoon had left off and con- tinued to cause the barrage from the machine guns to move over the hostile ground, at the rate of 100 meters in ten minutes, with the bullets falling about one hundred yards in front of our attacking troops. The third and fourth platoons followed the example of the first and second platoons, taking up the fire as the attackers came opposite their places in the line. The 112th Machine Gun Battalion employed its guns by placing a direct overhead barrage in front of the attacking infantry, assigning a platoon of Company "B", Lieut. Kopp, commanding, and a platoon of Company "D", Captain Gilker- son, commanding for this duty . These two platoons took up a position on the slopes of Richine Hill, where they could look across to the slopes of Etrayes Ridge. The guns in these two platoons were fired in relays; one or the other of them being always used. This was the general scheme used by each of the Machine Gun Battalions to assist the attack and all preliminary arrange- ments were completed at dusk on the evening of October 22nd. All guns were placed in position, substantially mounted on "T" bases and weighted down firmly with sand bags. The firing data was carefully checked and aiming stakes were driven in the ground for the guidance of the gunners, so the barrage would move forward at the rate ordered. Finally at an hour before dawn on October 23rd, prelimin- ary bombardment of the hostile lines commenced. This con- sisted mainly of artillery fire; but thirty minutes before the attackers were to go forward, the 110th Machine Gun Battalion opened up from its position, as hereinbefore explained, and commenced harassing the slopes of Etrayes Ridge, where the enemy machine gunners were stationed. Shortly before the attack went forward the 111th and 112th Machine Gun Bat- talions joined in this harassing fire. At the hour our troops commenced the advance, the 110th Machine Gun Battalion which had been firing about one hour, then withdrew as per orders. The platoons of the 112th Machine Gun Battalion started its overhead barrage falling about four hundred yards in front of our troops; the barrage maintaining this distance and moving forward at the same speed of the attackers. With the advance of the troops, the 111th Machine Gun Battalion com- menced its enfilade barrage, in the nature of a band of steel bullets falling across the front of our troops and moving steadily forward at the same speed as the artillery. The machine guns for the first few minutes opened at a terrific pace, at the rate of two hundred and twenty-five bullets, per gun, per minute. After the attack had gotten under way, the rate of fire was reduced to about one hundred shots, per minute, per gun. The two platoons of the H2th Machine Gun Battalion THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 37 continued to fire four hours and thirty minutes, which was the duration of the attack. The two companies of the 111th Machine Gun Battalion did likewise, keeping a steady enfilade barrage moving gradually forward and covering the ground in advance of our own infantry. Both the artillery and machine gun fire was co-ordinated and moved forward in pursuance to a schedule, or time table, which had been carefully prepared. The division orders for this attack directed the infantry to halt on the intermediate objective and reorganize before push- ing on to the final objective. The line shown us as the inter- mediate objective on the map, covered about two-thirds of the ground to be taken and when we had reached it we had gotten on top of the hill with the enemy. During the halt on the in- termediate objective the officers reorganized the attackers and the machine guns kept up an intermittent fire on the enemy positions immediately in front of our advancing troops. The highest point of Etrayes Ridge Vv^as about two hundred yards in front of the intermediate objective, and here the enemy had built observation towers and installed machine guns on platforms in trees. Just before the advance moved forward for the second time to take the ground between the intermediate and final objective, Company "A" of the 111th Machine Gun Battalion turned nine machine guns on these targets and kept up a continual fire for ten minutes, completely silencing all of the enemy located on this crest. So effective was this fire that tree trunks and a couple of little rough improvised German shacks were completely riddled with bullets and the only Ger- mans left on the hill were dead ones. As the advance from the intermediate to the final objective continued, the machine guns again put down their moving barrage in front of our troops and greatly assisted in overcoming such resistance as was left. The assaulting battalions reached the final objective on time and Etrayes Ridge was at last in our hands. While the attacking troops were consolidating and strengthening their positions on the ridge, the machine guns kept up an intermittent fire in their front, seeking to break any counter attacks that might be launched by the enemy to retake this commanding ground. This attack was a complete success from every angle. The machine guns were effectively and sensibly used and for four hours and thirty minutes kept a continual barrage in front of our advancing men. About sixty machine guns were captured having been abandoned by the enemy along the crest of the ridge. So hot had been our firing that in most cases the Boche had retreated, deserting his guns, and where any of them had remained they had been victims of the intensity of the barrage. Several of the enemy dead were found in the observatories and machine gun platforms on the ridge where they had been 3g THE MACHINE GUNNERS caught in the barrage. The attacking infantry in spite of the difficult terrain had sustained very small losses. This had also been the case with the machine gunners delivering the fire. The 110th, 111th, 112th Machine Gun Battalions among them, probably fired in excess of 250,000 rounds of ammunition in "this attack and it might be said, with due modesty, that no small part of its success, with our small casualties, was due to the superb co-operation of the various units. At last we had penetrated and had taken the strongest position held by the Germans in this locality. We were holding the high commanding ground which he had held; and, though tired with almost three weeks fighting, and though our ranks were thin from our losses, the spirit and morale of the men was exceptionally high. All through the division the idea per- meated that we could take ground with slight odds if we had sufficient time to make the necessary preparations. The consolidation and strengthening of our lines continued during the remaining time we spent in this sector, and, except for slight raiding parties, which were repulsed, the enemy made no effort to eject us. Molleville Farm Ruint L^i#** Trenches taken from Germans on hills overlooking "Death Valley" BUTCHER AND KEATING After the taking of Etrayes Ridge our lines remained sta- tionary except here and there where a little knoll was occupied, with the idea of making our lines more secure. Those machine gun companies that had gone over with the assaulting waves were relieved and fresh units sent in their places. There was, however, a great deal of artillery activity on the part of the enemy. Barrages of long duration and of great severity were placed on the valleys and ravines occupied by our troops every day. These usually fell on us from 4.30 to C.30 in the morning and from 4.30 until 8 o'clock in the evening. These hours were undoubtedly selected by the enemy with the idea of breaking up relief troops and with interfering with the transportation of food to the troops in the lines. Everyone looked for these hymns of hate at the hours mentioned and when they started all activity was stopped, men taking shelter wherever it was available. At this stage of our adventures an incident happened which filled the entire machine gun personnel with sorrow. The 26th Division was holding a sector on our right. This division was ordered to extend its lines, causing it to move slightly forward in order to further strengthen our positions on the east bank of the river. Orders were received to take every precaution against a counter attack, particularly at the point where our division joined with the 26th Division. A platoon of the 114th Machine Gun Company was placed in position on the forward slopes of Moleville Woods, with or- ders to fire a barrage during the advance, directly in front of the spot where these two divisions joined. At dusk on the evening preceding the attack, positions were selected as desig- nated, by this machine gun platoon, and its equipment installed in order to be ready when needed. That night the Germans shelled very intensely the ground this machine gun platoon had selected, with both shrapnel and gas, and the platoon went into a nearby dug-out to escape the effects of this shelling unti'i the next morning, when they would be called upon to deliver their fire. The platoon took the necessary precautions to guard themselves against gassing, but evidently a great quan- 40 THE MACHINE GUNNERS i:ity of gas had collected in the unguarded dug-out before the platoon had entered it. Consequently, before the next morning the men of this platoon were in a serious condition and had to be evacuated to the hospital. It happened that Captain Keating, command- ing the 114th Machine Gun Company, came upon the scene on a tour of inspection shortly before the time the platoon was ordered to fire its barrage; and, finding that he had not enough men left to properly man the guns, summoned aid from Com- pany B, 111th Machine Gun Battalion, which happened to be the nearest machine gun company. Captain Butcher, its com- mander, came over to Captain Keating's gun positions to ascer- tain the difficulty and see what could be done, and as time for the attack had almost arrived, these officers decided to man the guns themselves and fire the barrage in accordance with the orders. The shelling in the meantime had become very intense and there was not time enough to change the positions of the guns before the hour of the attack. Taking their places at the machine guns with a couple gunners they had secured to man the other guns, they opened fire at the hour designated. The Germans evidently had spotted the location of these guns, and increased the intensity of their shelling on this locality. After firing for three minutes a large caliber shell struck immediately in front of this gun and killed both officers and the enlisted men with them instantly. Their devotion to duty resulted in each being awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, posthumously. Their bodies were recovered during this shelling by comrades who volunteered for this purpose. The 26th Division had a real struggle, but, finally occupied the ground desired, and our position there, placed in our hands extremely valuable and commandable terrain. Shortly before manning the guns Captain Keating sent the following message to the 111th Machine Gun Battalion: "Men sent to fire barrage are casualties. Have summoned Butcher and he and I will help man guns and deliver barrage as ordered. (Signed) KEATING." Both of these officers had but recently been promoted to the rank of captain and Keating's promotion arrived the day be- fore he was killed. These young men were very popular with their companies and their death was indeed a hard blow to the entire machine gun personnel. Men in their companies gave them as fitting a burial as circumstances would permit, erecting the best crosses over their graves that they could possibly con- struct. DURING THE VERDUN OFFENSIVE What has gone before us is but an outline of three weeks of hard fighting and is not in any sense a detailed account of the many activities of the machine gunner, rather, it is a series of the more prominent events of our offensive. I, therefore, shall enumerate in an effort to do justice to many of the men who rendered very exceptional service, a general account of some of the adventures which were sensed by those not actually manning the machine guns, or accompanying the assaulting troops. Our advance, which commenced October 8th, owing to the surprise of the attack, was at first made with exceptional rapid- ity. For safety's sake the rolling kitchens could not be brought up close to our front lines. All cooking equipment is rather bulky and the smoke of the fires is an excellent tell-tale and target for the enemy artillery. Consequently, such prominent objects could not be taken close to the front, and even when they were moving forward a great deal of caution was neces- sary. However, an army to fight must be fed. After the attack had progressed several days food was not being gotten to the men in the advance in a satisfactory manner, and, after a con- ference, it was decided to move the kitchens as far forward as possible and get a hot meal served to everyone. To put this plan into effect the ration carts were stocked to capacity and after midnight about October 15, these kitchens moved to rav- ines and woods very close to the front lines. Here they made themselves as secure and as difficult to observe as possible and commenced immediately the preparation of hot food, which was carried to the front line. The receipt of hot food to a tired and hungry soldier had a great deal to do with the success of the outfit. When daylight came the smoke from these ravines was noted by the enemy and his artillery immediately commenced shelling the localities occupied by the same. The horses had been previously unhitched and taken to as secure places as could be found. Several direct hits were made on these kitchens and on the horses and on the following night it was 42 THE MACHINE GUNNERS necessary to take them to the rear again, but during the brief stay near the front lots of good hot food was gotten to the men, otherwise they subsisted mainly on canned goods, which was eaten cold, but with none the less relish. Not too much praise can be given to the cooks and kitchen personnel, who never let an opportunity go by to get food to the front when possible. There is no sufferer in the entire war who deserves morel credit and who probably gets less than the horse. Through shell fire these faithful animals at all times were taken up and down the roads hauling the supplies of war. When the shelling became very severe the men could run to cover, but, unfortu-- nately, the horse, hooked to a heavily loaded wagon could do nothing but stand in the road amidst these shells until the firing was over. Out of twelve machine gun companies whose carts were drawn by horses, in the 29th Division, one hundred and forty-two horses were killed and twenty-seven wounded. A severe wound to a horse is practically equivalent to death. There is little that can be done except to kill the animal quickly and put it out of its misery. The men who had these animals in charge became greatly attached to them and as a general rule horses were given all the attention that one could reasonably expect. At night time the "mule skinner" can be found with his cart, taking supplies to the front. Along shelled roads you will find him, sitting on the seat of his cart with a great deal of un- concern. I have always contended that "mule skinners" are fatalists. One of them, about to start for the front over a road then being shelled, waited a while for the shelling to stop and upon its failure to do so, went forward with the following remark: "I might as well go, because if one of those shells has your name on it its going to get you, and if it hasn't you are alright." Then, too, a great deal of credit for the success of all oper- ations is due to the adjutants of the various battalions with their runners and messengers. Once the orders are issued it is the duty of this force to see that these orders are gotten to all the outfits concerned, without delay, regardless of the circum- stances. Through bombardments and the like, these fellows go forward and return. Their fortitude and energy are often the means of saving many lives. No story would be complete without a tribute to the sani- tary troops, who during an engagement act as stretcher bearers. Getting in the wounded and rendering first aid is their portion. Going about throughout the battle these fellows are over on the alert to rescue some fellow who has been struck and to get him back to the dressing stations in time. The last solemn ceremony is simple. The battalion chap- lains and burial parties tenderly bring in those who have "gone THE BLUB AND GRAY DIVISION 43 west," and lay them away in some secluded spot. The burial details must often take serious chances to get the body of a de- parted comrade, but there is no danger a soldier will court quicker than to recover all that is mortal of a departed buddy. It may be a matter of comfort to those who read these pages to know that there was not a machine gunner in the 29th Division whose body was not fittingly laid at rest. In these paragraphs I have briefly but, nevertheless, genu- inely sought not to overlook a few of the many services ren- dered by the men in the machine gun companies, without which no army would be a success. To them as well as the actual gunners, goes whatever credit may be due the machine gun organizations of the "Blue and Gray" Division. On the night of the 29th and 30th of October our division, was relieved and by a series of marches, finally reached the city of Bar le Due, about thirty miles in the rear, where it was quartered in the neighboring villages. Here we received thou- sands of replacements to fill the ranks made vacant by those who had been killed or wounded. Our equipment was over- hauled and everything made ready for another operation, which we all knew would be but a matter of days. On the 11th day of November while the units were on the road preparing to march to take part in a big offensive on the city of Metz, word came that the armistice had been signed. It is needless to say that the celebration following the receipt of this information was all that could be expected. At last the war was over. iFranr^ All day long, incessantly, midst damp and hail and sleet, A thousand cannon vent their spleen with thunder, crash and shriek; And answering back a withering hail of fire and steel and shell, Convert God's verdant acres from a Paradise to Hell; And those who wound and toil and slay across that bloody lea Are like in image unto him who died on Calvary. Where once the shepherd led his flock and reaper gleaned the hill, Where plowman toiled across the plain and lark songs broke the still. Where vineyards in exuberance and lowing herds in peace, Is gripped in death — destruction — and trammeled by war's feet; The hills and streams the painter caught and pictured on the cloth. Were torn and rent and soaked with blood, in measureless chaos. And every sun that rises so red and moves across the sky. Sees hundreds writhe in misery, sees countless thousands die; Sees homes before the vandal torch that perished into flame, Sees Church spires crash and crumble, sees marble columns maimed, Sees virgin maidenhood destroyed, and childhood's laughter sapped, Ah God of Hosts, yours were the hordes that fought to win it back. Oh wounded earth that bears the scars of wars great tragedy, A million hearts have ceased to beat to win a foot of thee; Yet ye have ris'n from out of night and now gaze on a dawn. Such as no mortal of your land has e'er before gazed on, And every heart that gave its blood in those your anguished hours, Is blooming o'er your land again, each heart a crimson flower. SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES CASUALTIES of the Machine Gun Units of the 29th Division "Blue and Gray'' O (I, 3 3 mo ^- It Mo (jq'3 o E llOth Machine Gun Battalion Officers 7 1 10 17 4 1 3 7 1 13 14 28 13 2 8 1 15 24 1 13 3 19 3 102 5 114 23 63 16 1 36 3 Men . _ 40 111th Machine Gun Bsttalion Officers 4 Men 140 112th Machine Gun Battalion Officers 5 Men 144 113th Regimental Machine Gun Company Officers 2 Men 35 114th Regimental Machine Gun Company Officers 2 Men - 81 115th Regimental Machine Gun Company Officers Men 47 116th Regimental Machine Gun Company Officers 3 Men 62 Totals 64 I 119 I 385 I 568 46 THE MACHINE GUNNERS CASUALTIES OF OFFICERS — c o =<: >> >j '"£ -o^ -a^ -a^ c> C bfl 3 3^ 3 — oot OM ^ ^ 3 3 5 2 1 1 1 110th Machine Gun Battalion 111th Machine Gun Battalion 112th Machine Gun Battalion 113th Regt. Machine Gun Company- . 114th Regt. Machine Gun Company. 115th Regt. Machine Gun Company.. 116th Regt. Machine Gun Company-. Total 12 19 CASUALTIES OF ENLISTED MEN 3< 3 3j ©02 •a .fl 110th Machine Gun Battalion 111th Machine Gun Battalion 112th Machine Gun Battalion 113th Regt. Machine Gun Company. 114th Regt. Machine Gun Company 115th Regt. Machine Gun Company 116th Regt. Machine Gun Company. Total 7 10 17 4 3 7 13 61 14 28 13 8 15 24 13 115 19 102 114 23 63 16 36 373 40 140 144 35 81 47 62 549 AMMUNITION EXPENDED BY MACHINE GUN UNITS of the 29th Division— "B/ue and Gray" North of Verdun, October 8 to 30, 1918 Ammunition Fired 110th Machine Gun Battalion 140,000 111th Machine Gun Battalion 154,000 112th Machine Gun Battalion 185,000 113th Regt. Machine Gun Company 10,000 114th Regt. Machine Gun Company 10,000 115th Regt. Machine Gun Company 10,000' 116th Regt. Machine Gun Company 40,000 Total - 549,000 THE BKUE AND CxRAY DIVISION 47 RECORDS OF ANIMALS AND MATERIAL IN ACTION North of Verdun, October 8 to 30, 1918 6 6 6 6 O O U O c a c c 3 3 3 3 a d d O O C! 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O) O) >>> 3 3 3 3 3 3 13 -^3 'O f-l ^H fH 0(0)0) »> OJ O) g 03 rt'2 iS"^ rt ^^ Sri2 QJ^___, .. ._-_, .__ ciio;o)0)0)0)a)0) OOOOOOOCJ o3o3oScdo3CTSo3o3 0)0)0) out) oJ cd 03 QJ OJ CD CJ o o 03 c^ c^ m m rri 0) O) CL) O) O) o o o o o 03 g3 03 o3 C3 Xfl Ifi Tfl ifi ifi . .I-S . .1-3 . »-5 cs =^[22. •2.'^ -"^ .^■.2 MCS'O'a .'Ooj .'O .S'a'd;5o!'0>, .X'^'^ .'^''S .'C^ .O3^o3*i^c^o3'^'^'^"o32 OOTHrHM'THCOrHi-HOiOOrH-^-r)4J^J-tJ4-i+J-l-i4-i-t->-l-^-t-^-<-5-t-^+i-M-(-3-IJ-+J-(J oooooooooo be bJD &fi bJD be 03 03 03 W c4 bJO tij bO' rt 03 rt r-j i^-^ O 3 Q 3 l-s F' 73 bJO '^;:3i "w 3 3 3 Oj O' OO o o rt^-3 -?. 3 0)^0 ^.„ U 3 QJ^'S.S 3 g g b « « OG > ^ ^ W 03 c/j iM 3 3 "m '> )« w .2 C' ^«J :r' 03 o ^ ^ U 73 CD O) 3" 3' o) ^ f^ 3 OS o ='3 i-S - CO O o) s h o-l WW o Q o 'O M "a !h 01 O) 03 pq pg cq pq CQ CQ o o o O) Ph ^ t< ?-i ^ 3 U fH >-l OQWOO r^^ IW 3 ^ r O 3 !-i c« O -^ S=i 3 ^-^ g 0)0™ 03 ^ 2i0355QJ>s3g> o)in o^ b 3 9cd 3S^^r^^ S« 2 .^-;.'^oW ^-oT W 3 S S'^ ^Z-^ - 2 2 B, oT «r^ ^ U oi5;3bCiyt/}.;:i;z:;i,' 0)1^003.^030)0)3 54 THE MACHINE GUNNERS O ■73 TJ o o M 2 O < H OQ Z D O u < m C C c c p a C C C !S P 3 =3 r3 TS T3 t3 ;^^Jh>-iJ-(?hS-i?-i?h!-iS-(?h 5 >> bjo . 1 CS QJ O) bJO o o >> O) 0) QJ (D >>>> V U tJ ^ OJ Ol O) QJ O) O O O C) o c3 03 c^ c^ Tji in m in a> 01 >> c 1 C T3 C3 03 T3 >> 03 CS C P C 3 3 3 ! 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S ■1^^2 3 hJ ^ OJ o 3— ' r3 > QJ o o o WWOOOO •O 02 r- >»-*^ ^ 3 3 5 C5 g QJ 30 SW 03 ^ - -^ ^ 3 ?-l 3 m 3 S-< OJ 3-^ Mgtitj O) >i bJJri; 3 -u 03 OS o o 3 3 Ph ffi K HH W HH THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 55 as •S i4 Alsace-Verdun Alsace-Verdun Alsace-Verdun Alsace-Verdun Alsace-Verdun Alsace-Verdun Verdun Alsace-Verdun Alsace-Verdun Alsace-Verdun Alsace-Verdun Alsace-Verdun ■r^ '^ -r^ -^ '^ i^ U ^^ U U U yt f-^ !-, S-, U xn ifi xn m xn xfx xn ifi Tfx ir. xTi xn Tf) xn xn xfi m jr; E C C C C C C C C T3 "^ "^ T3 "^ T3 TU "^ ^ U U U >■>>■>.>.>>>.>> cuojaiiDcuaifiicuaja) ea'Ss-^'^as ^-ac^TJ . .ccciic^'a .[CTS'a .^.2. cs . .-c .-COS'S .^'o-^rt . (^5C<^coTfc*THOOt-Ln(^l•<*05oool^-^o (^^c^lTH(^^c^l(^al^^c^ .. J- ^ OS o ;z: C C 3 S ►C '^ O 03 o oi'^rC > 03 2 5 t« ^ 3 s, 03 PQ O P5 o ^o OS sS^ ^i>o 03 o ' — ' O C '^ ""^ *pq cc rt>-s 3^ PL, gU3 WEii - oS 03 O T3 S CO -^ »^ b 5 .^^ o 56 THE MACHINE GUNNERS 3 2 O < < 2 D a 2 < 4-) o bO 02 w c c c C a C a c 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 s 3 s 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 T3 t3 T3 '^ "O -OTd T5 13 -73 T3 T3 -a T3 TS -a -a -3 U !h '^ u ?-i ^ ^ !-i ^ tj Jh ;h !-i ^ S-i ^1 ^-1 ^ QJ 0) tu (U OJ o m >>>> >> > >>>>>>> >>> (D (U 0) 0) OJ CD OJ 0) 0) QJ >>>>>>> >>>> QJQJQJQJQJQJQJQJQJQJQJQJQJ ««<«««« 6 . m^ .^^ o +-' "XS •■*• "^ 13 13 "^3 "^ 'T3 "T^ "^ "T^ 13 "^ T3 "^ "^ 13 "^ "^ "^ '^ zi "^ "^ "^ "^ "^ "^ "^ '^ '^ "^ 02 XTH-^«0t>l>THt>iM(>]OrllJ^Tf-5fC0C+->-*-l+0-M-+J+J-M-W-W-l-3-(-J-l-> >-l S-l Si f~< S-l t-l f-l f-l >H >-( !h fH >-l =^=«aic«cn3cc33U)bfibj0Sa0M&u0b£&i)bJ[l&J0Su0bjC)bj0U)OOOOOOOOOOOOO oOrHT-HT^(>],-HWwc/jMc/2&Qa!wco&QOTwa!WMmooooooooooooci 1 e ^ S r --^^ s 3 3 ^^ C 3 tlJ 3 QJ ^. - 5< "J QJ N CS M ni +J ^ OJ t^ 3 QJffi O 3 -4-) » bo Sh CL,m 3 3^ •Q ^ .^3 c ?, -2 QJ 0^ M office QJ ^ C QJ -11= .« O O s^ io ^^3 o - S ;-r o 3 — 1^ OS -^ So O) Ok-, ^-. QJ"3 QJ v" " ' tn S ^'^ »— ^ TO C3 PI . — ^ Oj CS3 QJ >> S ^ p to "i" 5rl ts ^ ijr I* 1^ rt ^ 2 3 O fH o o .2'~9fiH •^ S (-, QJ ^ Qj'»^^-3 cW >>aj 3 u CS THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 57 o 5o^ o o o OS 73^3 c OJ O) >3 TJTS c c -*-3 -TS o o r^ ^^ CO M C C C G cccccccccc C C C C C C C J3 r3 3 3 3333333333 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 XSTST^TJ 'r3'Oi3'T3t3'a'3T3'aT3 'C t: T3 -3 T3 T3 T3 ^ ^ !-i !h •^Uf-if-iUUUf-ti-iU J^ ?-( fH ^-( f-i !h Jh a> tu q; OJ CDDQ;a)(DQJ ^ ^ CD q; o tu >>>> >>.>.>>>>.>>•> >>>■>>>>• 0) oj a> oj 0) a»a'aj^ci;a)aj'DcDai 0) 0) 0) a; O) Q^ CL> C) o o o o o OOUOCJOOOCJO o O CJ O CJ o o o 03 c^ c^ rt 03 c^c^c^cdc^c^c^cSc^cd c3 o3 c3 c3 c^ C(3 c3 c^ M m 1/3 ai m ifitnmir. minmmiriTn in xn m m ifx rsi xfi xn ^^^^a;4 >-l . TiTi '^ T3 T3 'T3 T3 'T3 T3 T3 T3 n3 J5 "^ '^ '^ "^ '^ '^ '^ '^ "^ '^ '^ '^ '^ 'O T3 T3 T: T3 'T3 • T3 '73 "73 "73 «OU:)(NT-H-^-rta)CDil»a)+-> -u -fo ■+-> -w -tJ . 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OJ c 3'P O «3 --H 03 cS C rtO gT3 CD Ph C O 3 o C -tJ o •— OTWi-sO ^ Co O QJ O MWP5 SgS 03 O) O TJ TO f2 ^ G M 03 gi3 N & cs -::; o s^ pqmcq n' OS ^*^ ^ G 3?^ O.J2 o «n -r G ^ s- os.d o o MOOOO &c O 03 o 3 >, m' - § ^ ^ . 'S'o >»S oi^ OS > 03 >:; M 1-2 ^ OS o) 3 03 m; OQQPWW THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 03 M i^ c C C C C C cccccccccc C (S c c c c C C C C c c c C 3 '7-t 3 S 3 =! 3 3 3 3 3 3 S TS TS TS T3 T3 -C 3 3 3 3 "TS "TS 'O "O 3 3 3 ■13 'T3 "Q 3 73 u ;h !h ;-! !-i ^ ^fHf-tHV^^I^Hj^^J^ ^ ^ vi ^ ^ ;-( ^-1 ^H V< fH $H Ul ^ U > QJ QJ ^ QJ QJ CD ^ (D 0) >>> 0) > (1) q; q; 0) OJ OJ CD (1) a;ajcjcDa>Qjo»Q;(i> a> oj oj a; OJ O) m m 0) ^0-W+:>+J-|J-M-l-J-l-i-W-4J-W^J4J-(J-J-5-^ - ^|fi3^3 £ 3^ $H m 1-5 h-3 I-) HH 1-3 O cs aTr::: ^^"^ ;::; m 2 *^ C !:i3 O 3 O 3 S!'~= t! ^ P ryf m !-i 05 ^ § § g o P-( a. PL, Ph « -tJ 4-i -1-5 O f3 S3 ^^< 3 OJ 01 m P u m m P^ rn rt c« WW c V U i^ 3 3 o;3 -a 3 ^ Oi cS !h ^ ^i^^^ 1 ;-l 3 3 3 c3 w H> P 3 >>o3'5 O ^H 3 Jh" - hJ ► Oi O O f, 5 rt 03 C8.5+3 3 == S o j; •— I c3 w 4) OJ O) O) MCQM 66 THE MACHINE GUNNERS O O W o < F- H < Z D O z: ^^ X u to C 5 >• ^ J, c d "l* 3 > c c c c c 3 3 3 3 S ^ T3 ^ T3 ^ U t-l ^^ S-l !-^ (1> (1> (D q; OJ >>>>> 3 3 (D OJ c c 3 3 CD OJ c c c c 3 3 3 3 T3 T3 T3 T3 ^ ^ ;-i ;-! c c c c 3 3 3 3 TS TJ TJ TJ u u u u c c 3 3 ^-1 Jm 5a)(ia>iii5ai555a>a)a)a)a)a)aia) ^ « , /. 1 ,. ^ ^ 1 ^j I. \ ^^ '-^ ^^ (• 1 PI PI •\ PI pi p\ p\ p\ Pi H en 0) , <:><: m m m m m tn m in xfi iTi Vj xn xn '^ m m in m % ^^ % % T."^." ^ .' ^ "^ ^." ^ "^ '".' ^ ." ^ C3 > . '^' ^ I-,' "-S !>-l >^ H-i l-S* ; >-l h; >1 >H >-l l-S "^ C l-S ►-S Hj H, l-s H, 1-5 w^ww^^'^'£:z:;^^^:^:^^'^'p^:^'^'^'^';^':^:2i^';^^^o^^^z:2:^:? 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OS cu .pj .i; 3 SI ^ OS cs 3' ■>^^^ ."I- O OJ d S O - -T3 H-l •-5 2 S '-' •S 2 =^ r-' g OJ 3 p,0 w 'm 03 o) 3 O > S 0) 73 3 -^ +^ +^ 3 .^ ■> 4S S S i2 3 -2 OJ _, << i;5 n> m m (UM 3 in 3 =J ^ OJ U. '-I'S^ bi:) 3 03.2 >>>> c« 3 ^ - 3j3 ^ OJ OJ 68 THE MACHINE GUNNERS O o O H H < 2 D O bJ Z X u < 2 o < H H < Z. D O X U < ai C C C 3 13 O) T3 73 C f-i >-i s ^^ bt > > S) "i 'i^ r o o tin en rl w CO C r ^ 0) J> be I C C C 3 3 13 T3 T^ 73 U U U Ol O) OJ >>> 3 o bD '73 T3 C C 3 3 O O ^ ^ -o >s >"S -u -^^ c X he M M^ p 3 C 3 3 3 73 'T3 73 !h S-i ^J dJ O) (D >>> 3 C 3 3 C 3 C 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 73 "^ '^ T3 73 73 '^ fH >-l >H >H ^^ ?H fH OJ (U a> 0) a> OJ o) >>>>>>> ,^' 73 r^" fee p .s W ^ M 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 73 73 73 73 !^ ^ ^1 ^ QJ 0) »> K* K^ r* f-* K' K' p" K' K' f' K' y^ r^ y^ *^ III I I I I I I I I I I I I m m !n in m t/i 'Ji Z*. V} 'r> m tn m 'n tn 'fi m m m ifi in m !fi in in m tr> m ycOOOLra^i!DCOi^i^(MrHU5005i-ICO(Mi-lOa)T-(,-l^?DCDT} > 0) 3 O o he CQ >^ Z < o u -g-^ 3 3 3 3 3 .S.S.S S S.2i.2.2.2.2- 'c3 '3 'c5 '"^ ■'^ hJ ^-5 1-' tJ 1-1 ^ ^ rt rt c3 J [_] I rr -u -u -*^ 1-^ I— I p^a P-u-i->-i->-u j; f-* a nS «m"S C C 3 3 Stn hchehchehObehehehfihChjOhehebJOoO hD° o OOOr^,-lC^(^J(^5C<^C» 't:^ - "^3^ i-scu, ^rtO_c2cut,tS^rt-~ cffi'3,303„"3:f - T 0) 73 -3 o CIS be -u ^ !n ^ 3 2J5£ ?^ a>. ;-( 0) he q; QJ 3 3 -P CQ ffi ;z; Oh « Oh ^ m O Ci-i rOgS J^ « O cS g rt o HH .to QJ ^ CD 1) 73 37: cs o aj OJ O o §§0 Oh <§ . -So" o ^^ - >>73 w a> to 2 Qj o re 0-3 (u (ui: g73 o o ^<^ f 3:5 O 3 THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 69 to OQ O S M ^ S > >>> 33333333333333 3 T3t3'OT3'T3T3't3T5T3T3'T3T3TdT3 T3 >>>>>>>>>>>>>> > III I I I I t I I I I I I I I I I in m "1 m rn ,ji m 'n in m m in iri m m m in i/i m m in <<«<<<<<<<<«<<<<«<«««<<<\<<<<<^<<^-^r}<5ocoiH(Nooocoa5COrH-^OTt"cocT--iTj(050C-*-34->-M-*-5-*-3-*J-*-i-+J4-J-M.4J-*J ini/immviiTiifiininininmifiininininin n^ ^1 '"^ '"^ '■^ b£ bfi^ 3 3 _> _> > > ooouooogooooo§§§gc/2ffimpa&HP^(iHfL,PHii^PHpHCL,CLiaHciHfLieL,pH(iHCL,fH '-^ - „ > 1^ -IJ ,— . ?-l M M ^1 O) CI C 0< a> (u i^ tn ttH ^ 13 o o o 6.2 i O >H ^ - ^^ bJ3 o 3 P- O (-1 O , C J-i « jh 3 © O > o pqoQWfc 05^ « be'-' -C^-2 3 3 =M ^ o; ^j 'TJ •S c 2i =« - 70 THE MACHINE GUNNERS O 73 73 (U 0) O O -M -t-> r- .9 c O T3 T3 ''3 3 3 5 O O 5 ^^^^ T3 'O 'O 'O 010)0)0) "O TJ T3 '73 C C C C 3 3 3 3 o o o o P= p: ^ ^ ■73 C OU Oi] Oil OU Q bjO b£ &J0 6fi 73 73 73 73 CD > c c c 3 3 3 73 73 73 3 3 73 T3 ^ ^ ^ ^ ;-i 0)010) 0) O) rt 0)00)01010)0) ).}, O «J O O CJ CJ o 3 3^33 3 3 3 3 3 73 73 73 73 73 J-( ^j ^1 ^ J^ O) O QJ 0) O) OJ >>>>> I I I I I 010)0)0) O O t) O I I I I o O O " O CJ CJ C^ C^ CTj m m m o o OJ o o >> 0)000) O O O O CJ O O Ol >>> I I I 0)0)0) o o o CTJ rt c^ M K) K) 0)0000) I I I I I 0) 0) O 0) 0) O O dJ o o Cj 03 c^ cQ c^ m xn w rfi in <(,<(,^ 1^ l-S •-S l-S l-TS 1-5 1-^" "-s' ►-s" 1^' •-5' l^" 1-5* ''^ ►^ l-S "-S "-5* l-i l-i _. ^;z;:z;:z;;z;:z::z;^:z:^;z;:?;z;;z;^;;5^:z;;z;;z;:z;:z;;z;;5^^q:?k.3^W2;Som -^OOCO-^(Nt-0(>acOCOC-t->-t->-t5-M-(-J-l->-l-3-tJ-U-t->-tJ mmtfiinitiinifi'htniiimvifi CQ >^ Z < o +-) -tJ -U -(-> -4-i +-> P^PHPna. 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C OJ OJ _ 3 03 OJ OJ r;^ o ^H sh ph OJ JHT3 C« - - c -" c G u u M 'O X C3 0) QJ <^;r QJ 3^ « w o G CJ Ctj OJ QJ QJ .S O ^.'^ s M OS OS QJ .X •-- -p >,-« S ;-. o O Cm rid CJ in; ii? c CQ O OJ P- c 1-5 O) g en gS OJ S L:'^" " OJ I -^^ C 03a)QjQjQjQj.^obC*a3.i:3nji^a3cj.^.,-.>jP*:a)Qjj^(u ^'t-sK c ^ ^ - ■^ m m 2 .S .S ^ ^ .'^^ QJ QJ o3 QJ 100 THE MACHINE GUNNERS o 2 O < Z D O z, X u T3 TD'C'C •n O) aj (D oj Op ^ t: tS'C tJ -o o c c c c c 3 P P 3 3 4-1 o o o o o o c^ ^ >. ^ ^ ?: >5 >. >> .S 13 C ^ rC^rS rC oi 3 bTj bjo be bx) fcJD I^ O ^ ;::; ;r; '^ '^ W^ GO rjiuim Ul 3 3 3 -a T3 -S QJ Q; O) >>> I I I (U QJ QJ o o o q3 c^ 03 W t/1 [C E 3 c c c: 3 3 3 3 3 3 t:: T3 "t; -o 'O T3 ^ (-1 ?H s-i ;-! f-i QJ (D dj O) Oi OJ c c c !-; c 3 3 QJ CD » » 3 C E 3 3 3 iH ;^ J-l OJ Oi 0- >>> c 3 c^ r 3 3 3 3 ■73 TJ 13 f ?-* ^ ^ " o; o; a< 3 3 3 3 r 3 3 3 -7 -73 TjT3 ^ ^ u ^ ^ C OJ d >> till C QJ O) Ol o O o o C2 C2 cd c3 in in xn m ■w ^ .3 "^ ^ .3 ^ .3 ^ X O ri3 ' "rs .3 Ti .3 t; ^ tj t3 .3 Tj ^ .„ -„ "^ (^]c,'^ 5 ^ r/l" S-l = 'S S « ?i is ^ffio — _^j 3 "2 ,-. U2 ^ C s2 OJ > ns & cj -i-i GO WMM o -i-j 3 > ^ o 01 O ^<< ^ ^ be 3 ^ H -^ 0) o IS >i T-! St: r/j s ,u 0) 3 ITl 3 03^ O) (D -3 a o uimmmm S-i • 03 03 tJ^'^ o §W QJ ,;- ^•P-l a> ^3 3 >i rt ^ 3 ° — ' — ^ cj 03 .b r^ 'S O ft ^ QJ •> » < O U pH 03 U3 jc OrH ^ I I I I I I I I I I M en 3 3 1-1 1-1 (N (M o . 3 ►5 QJ 3 ^ o ».S w M te <" 3^ ,« o2 r:^ >>(B3 OhJM w -T3 O QJ 2 o Slii w (u w) o be-" MWWW THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 101 •- -r: C C T3 o :^ to W W C/2 CO c c c c c c c c C C C C C C G S 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 -a 'OTS -a 73 'C -c -c T3 "c t; -rJ -o t3 -n Vl ^ fH ^ ^-1 f- ?H S-l U U U -r-l }-l t^ !-i o) m QJ oj oj oi o cu oi oi QJ a/ o o 0) >>>> >>>> >>>>>> > 3333333 3 3333 (3i ■ j_> -(_. l.s =« bX)b£bJ3bfibcbjDU)bcbtbJ3tJ3U)&c6£)00oooc oooooooo MWMMW OOOOOOOO OOC^UOO 'C'P'73T3'34J ?i P-tJ-l->-4-)-M-l-<+J-|J-l->4->-*J-t-J eC C fi C MfcS 3 3^ bDbUbebDbDbCbCbDbt '-''■' ^' OH ;^ J^ »^ cu g O) <: • cuCQ 5^ 'O C3 =2 O cj ^-a OJ 5^ S 3 3 m P ;^ 3 .S c . PQWO O K 03 1-3 .S .S (U rt Jrt C 1^ ^ o 3^ t/j > GO <^, 1-1 03 (U _i • -t fi OT M - 1^ C C OS— . a> 03 >s 3 CIhPhPhW « QJ ■iO O rr-j 03 ;^ QJ HH tj. jj I— I _0 /T< •" (D Q) 03 ^ 1^ QJ^ ;-? •^ O) ^ 03 O mo 'o Sh^ ^ QJ E^:2; iO mQ rQ CTi l:: «§«^ en » - .23 > « 2 fH 03 Sh o OOPfe w .o en -M OJ,^ C c «t: o 03 3 O WWW 03 O o IS -2 102 THE MACHINE GUNNERS O bo M 13 be C o ^3 C O o s* -w ^ ^ be be CO M o H H < CQ Z D O z X o < T3T3 (U m 0) OJ o o CJ O rt 03 03 rt t/j «j r/j MJ n :3 >> (D CU r3 OJ O! 0!^ rt '" '" r^ rri >> I I QJ' O 03 03 m CO C C C ;h !^ Jh Qj a< Gj >>> QJ ni CJ QJ 1> 3 3 T3 -a 3 3 »-i ?H !-i !^ M QJ QJ >> r I QJ QJ 05 ce en c« QJ O) >>l QJ QJ O CJ 03 03 to m C C 3 3 OJ QJ > >> I I I Q) >>> ■ I I I QJ _a) 5) ,0) o o o o cJ W 03 03 CO [O CO to C C C 3 3 3 3 3 Jh fH f-l ;-l fH QJ QJ QJ QJ O) QJ Q) O O O 5 o3 o3 cS 03 QJ O) <:<3i-lJ-i-a-l-J-|J-U-|J-*-3-t->-»J-t-5-l->-lJ-|J Ji; T'.cototototocototocfitotocototototomtotocototocoto ja . . 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'i .« 03 01 3 >, )<1 h -tee W ^ - Ol . 3(1h 03 3 3 3 3 3 c^ c^ c^ -^ 3^ o3 O) (2 3 ^ 3 g ■I ,i«J ^ "3 '-' ■^-^^^ "5 03 ^ ■ - ^ ^ 03 hr, ^^ ° o) 3 o) r3 o> 0) H ^ C/i^ rirf >> >> O) !;3 =« t^ o . Wo .^ O) O) OI -- inM 3^0?- fH 03 o O THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 105 TS ■ts C A Pl 3 o 'Zj 'T3 TS "Ti ''O Ti QJ ^ QJ QJ ^ T3 T3 'T3 'T3 TS be &C ^ ^ 0) C C C C C C _C +2 +J C 3 J3 J3 P 3 o5 'w -E -E 13 O O O O O crt [A _bp be O ^^^^^g § M m ^ see 3 3 3 TD 73 'O 3 3 T3'0 3 3 73 'TS c c c 3 3 3 13 t3 "73 ^^H^-lVlS-lfHjHS-I^HjH^^ >> cfl CIS 0)0)01 oi o) a> o o CJ c^ c^ cts in in ui QJ O) >!> O) O) «3 O) O) o> 0> O) O) C C C C 3 3 3 3 nS 'O T3 "^3 ?-( Vh Jh fH o> a> O) a> »» 3 3 'O T3 c c c 3 3 3 T3 "^ 73 3 3 'C T3 3 3 ■T3'a ^fHJ-(J^J-lJ--lfH o> O) O) OJ O) 0> OI QJ 0> OI o CJ CJ o o o 03 c« 03 05 03 OJ 03 03 ininininminminmininininxn'^^vi OI QJ o; O) » > 0> O) ?? 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'O'^'O t3'a'aT3T3T3'CT3 -c '3'C'73 TS ;m Ph fH ■^ 1-t u !-,;h;-iS-iJ-i^^h^ Sh fH ^ ^^ ^ Qj a> o) QJ QJ q; QJQJOJQJQJQJQJQJ o a, a; QJ QJ >>> >>> >>>>>>>> > »> > gj q; O) 0) QJ m c^ fJ M rn 5:' OT ■" "^ "^ -Ji Ir^ ^'^ Vi w ^:, i)^ m rn m IT' !n m rn m w t/^ ,r^ zn a^ tn ,y, in oi-^t-5K-i 5'^'"=^ S'~»^'^ l-St-?l-5'-Sl-5l-5l-5»-5l-S'-5t-5l-sl-5l-sl— , i3 §:^§^>^ :^2:z^^H^'^^6^;^":z; ^:^'^^^z:2^^"^^:^^:2i^'^ (M(MCO(MfO(MC-(-i-U4-:>-u-l-> f-< ?-i 5h fi fH ^ fH >H S-i „, „ „ „ „ M bJ0bJ3bC&C3 &£-&JDbf)bJ3bJ3U)bJ3bJOb*b«fc* b£ o O O O O O O 9 o 'S CO M M C C C ^ ^^ 2 ^ S ^ -t-> C3 Q) sh :^ ^-.-^ ^ O) - 1^ C rC bJO t« M ••-' tn --I QJ QJ « 'HO W M pC QJ O "O -C >»'-' o o C ^ f-l QJ 5^ ; QJrC .M 5 C 03 >H QJ o C 3 QJ oj Mcqm -TS o ^^ QJH,<- fa " - f' 3 OJ QJ ^ S c C ^ ^ Ci .^ <:j 'X> '>^ rt S g Qj QJ ^ -r^ Jq g w nj *— ' fa;SH 3 ^ •^ S QJ '-s C ffi QJ -^ T' C O^ « C ^ QJ QJ -O 03 -7^ =" o •" - s 03 03 C '-' ^ OJ o ■4-> .X M QJ O — ' faO 1-Jffi OJ QJ ^H 03 OK cOt: o ■^ W QJ QJ THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 107 •a 3 to W ^ 33 333333333 "TS ^ '^ '~0 T^ '~0 T^ 'T3 'Z^ T^ 'T!3 c c (3 d C C C C C C C C C C C 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 '-i t3T3 73 -Q 'C73 tS -O 'O t3 -o 'Ct3'C! Tl f-i f-< j^ jh ^H fH ;-( f-l !h ^-1 ^H ^ ^ !h ^ O) Oi a* OJ <1» QJ CD QJ OJ OJ O) (U Q) 0) (1) » >>>>>> > > > >>> > I I I I r/) m rfi r/l m rn rn rn rn ,)i .)i r/i rn .)? rti rn m rn rn rn .)i rn rt .Y m rt rr, ri rr^ rr, rr^ ^v ,-, ^-V TO <<<^ <<<<<<<<<<;,"<*OOlOOTtiX>eO«DU5COLn eoc^^(^Jcqcgc<^TJ^(^^(^q(N(^ac<^c<^cg(^^cg(NC^c dp-+->4J+J-(J-l-J-M4-)+:>-4J-t-:>. OOOOOUSSgwffiCL,fL,PH|lHCL|P^|l^(lHPUCMPMPHPH|l^pL|PMpHPH|lHCLHP^(l^P^eMPHCL,|:L, 108 THE MACHINE GUNNERS o T3 'O C c S 3 O o ^ ^ ^3 >> ^ u ^m w bo o be be 55 u < 5 CO H^ HH r>^ >-l ►rs l-j S H;j •-S ►^ >-5 I-?* t-S l-s' l-:j "-5 l-i 1-5 l-S l-S l-S l-S 5 l-j l-j' H^ 1-^ Hs* 1-^ f-j* K,' 1-^ 1-^ h,* ^ O ■«a< O (M CO O tH t- ITS lO 1-1 (M CO i-H i-H Uti Tji O CO IM CO «0 lO in ™ oacjc» fH C "5 ■«0 p. ^-2 ^J=^ ' "-I rr\ "^ fl\ n^ -73 »^ t« «' M 3 1) Ol Ph C3 > r-l t3S 02 C/2 CO GO C/3 CO ri^ -l-i ,i«! O) J^ I— I a)<; g s s ce 3 3 .5 o o 3 owu O Sh 03 I 'T3 o cu S fH c ►> c O QJ g , >^ C (D rt g ^ ^ 5^ 2 ts OOOOffiWW THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 109 T3 c o 3 O c8 _g -ti C 'O -? 5 0) t* o w^ W TS S 3 ^ §W M W 3 3 3 3 0) 0) O) Ol >> >> l-s' Hj* l-i l-i 1-j' h-s" 1-3* l-i t-s* l-i I-,' »-i O C gHs'^H Cl-s"Hil-^ l-st-s |_i 1-j h-3 l-s Hj H-s 1-5 h-s Hj 1.^ Hs (^^(^JTt(^J(^^co^ocoo^MOt^-r^OTHOr^OTt,-looc ^ a; o) ;- o; rt 03 "rC iJ n C:;3 o) o >H bjo.23 >» t^ oj ;-i - a! cfl >> O ^ ' ' J-l ;z^ g Ol ctf 3: ^ c '^ cS o) 03 W W qT ,:-; -t-> r-5 :i cs u O) c o -■ 3 3 'S 03 2 5 o'C S e^ Of - 3 03 05 03 Ol 3 •-» •r Ci 3 03 110 THE MACHINE GUNNERS o O >* o o ^ ^^ c c c d 13 3 3 3 t3 t3 T3 ^3 ?H ^H ;-l ;-( QJ O) OJ cu >>>> M CJ U CJ e rt c^ c^ CTj c^ rt r^ w ifi x/i m m ifi o, rt >> > biOpq rt H rt '-' fe "^-^ O -Mr-* c/2 M 72 H > |> z % O U D O a ^ l-S H-i Irs »-5 l-j l-S z 2 X 1 ;5^^:^^^ < < S S, T)< (M ,-1 O CO 00 ^ (M (M Da iM c>>>>>>>> c c 3 C 3 3 3 -a Td-a f-i u u a> 01 Ol >>> OJ o> Ol 0) Iziz; CL,^;> Oi Ot) C5 CO (N Ol ';:2 ' o) IS -^ ' ^< jh ;3 d n! J l> 3 „ >3'T3 3 ^ rO ■-; o Ol i/i O hH > 3 ^"5 rt^ Ol rt J? !-( rt C Jii ^ a; c o W >^ rH O 3 -1-s Ol 3 bc-^ - 3 ° C M*^ O -1^ ^ m fa °:=; ^ i I33' u o '^ Ti ^ H) r>> Ol Ol .3 a;^j2 5= C C >>t.t3sa3C-.^H o33o>rt^^>>o- pq pq Q Q W EiH O ffi W O 3 &S ^ 3 S « V (S ""» 3 Ol aj.2i O) -H; 3 Sh Ol 1^^ - O) OJ ^ 01 -^^ .-S >> >> >5 >> >;. >?>^^>? ->J -i-J c •+^ jn aj-J=:^rC,£3 ^ bt be o &fl fcxc::: bJO t* bt bfi br: WW^W w Wwcoww m c c C C C C C !3 C C C S3 C S3 S3 P ^ S3 C rj C 3 3 !3 3 3 C 3 r; 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ;:3 3 3 3 3 ;3 3 ^3 ^ 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 -D ■71 Tij 13 1":^ T^ T) -13 T3 T3 73 ^3 73 ■n 'T3'T:)'a'CJ'r5'T3T3'T3'W^'C'r)'73'C'r)'73'Cl3'T3't;'T3'T3T3t3 !h Jh ^ ^ u fH ^ Jm ;-! ^ U !h ^ ^ !h •m U ^ I^H ^ ^ ^ ^ U ?H ?-H ^ S-, U ^ Sh Jh f^ U Jh U ^H u Oi CJ cu u OJ CU a> CU CU a; CJ CU CJ ai c> O aj OJ a. a; Cu CD OJ CU aj aj aj cu aj ci; CU' <3J QJ Qj OJ QJ QJ QJ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>■>>>>>>>>> OI a; m 0) O) Ol cu tU (U cu CD a> OJ QJ OJ CLI aj cu QJ i jr> in r/j m r/1 U] .71 71 U) Xli 71 r/l m r/1 r/i U) r/i Uj 71 m xr> 7J 71 <<<1-'l-S»-Sl-S"--5l-rJl-^H-sl--sHil-^l-TSl-5Hs'-?^-^'^^-^'-^ clt^^HC(^o05rMO-^cDT-^ocOr^(X3■^(^)THo<3i•^05<3iOlco50i(^^lc(^I c-l-> xnmmmmmmfiviinxnm . . .siiisiii8i!id.siftdca!i'^-^'^'r,'r<'^w-f-'f, -f, -tJ.|J4-)fH?HV(>H;-(f-l|Hf-(>HfHl^^Hf-lOOOMW.'^ CJCJCJ.j_,^j.^;,.^.^.jj^j^jjj.^j.^j,_,j &«bfibcoooooooooocooooo33rt-kSL2iLfi>>>>->>>>>->>t> aw <; y QJ QJ CJ O ■IH QJ Ph QJ -" T3 , ^ -|J 3 <1> -a 05 bf) fx" SJ 3 hr ni ni >Q^J<: -_^ 3,1—1 '-' » > QJ ^ O 3 ^i O PQMQ wj hJ 3 o > u ^ « -(_> -IJ QJ ^ ^-"-^ CJ WW w !q t3 •^ QJ 03 tl -a^ s^ u3:r QJ [fi 73 3 3 ^I'E a o ' 3 C o ffi w. -M 03 Ki cu^3'r ^ OJ ' EC C13 '^ *-' ^ -^ 03 03 O QJ 1^ > ?-i o . >5,Q 03 3 5-1^ QJ r- bjC •72 03 +J QJ 3'a U 03 WO ■ w 03 O 03 OS UOOP QJ 73 iW S 3 S OJ QJ 3 o3 iPQPfc 112 THE MACHINE GUNNERS O Q < o U z, o z S < H Z O C i=l to 3 3 2 o O MM U2 O ^3 -'C C § C o-g o C +3 -Q ^ '55 rC OJ -C 0) a> C C S 3 o o J5 be MM ^ M M >> c c c c 3 3 3 r3 ■73 t3 73 T3 ;-! ^ ^ !-i QJ 0) O) O) >>>> ID OJ a)a)>>>>>>> c c 3 3 >> c 3 bo 73 T3 "73- (D (U C _bj[)_b/_bjrj 5 MMM ^ ^M a)a)(DCua>a!aia)n)!-!a) Sj-iS, ; 3 3 C C 3 C C C 3 3 3 3 3 3 tj 'T3 "73 "TJ 'C "tj (1) 0) a; QJ >>>>> w minminifixnmin I ■ I I I I I I nitUOliDIUaiCUaiOJQJCD 11^ tfi ,J ifi in m IT) m XT) xf^ m m xn J'^ t~(MOt-C-,-ITfm(Ma>Tl<(MrHlOi-imO«DOO-^ 05C0 *f -^->-u-^-l-^J■^-J-^-> i-j t-s i-j Its* >H S g CIS o o^ «00i(M0J-<*tD(M0S«0 (Ni-i(N1tHC>. •H^-P^ to -O =^ J? ft _ ^ S >■. 3 f-i ^ cS .3 o grO W ^ o 3 +j 15 C;3 =« Q§ >a O) (U 3 PQPQPSm THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 113 ■n T3-t3 TS (U 0) (U 0) TS C TSTJ -a c O c c c 13 '■Xj p p p O o o o o ^ ^ >. >. -U T3 •JJ -t-i -i-:i ^ m o r^.a ,i3 _M bD bD _bO ^ S ^MM W T3T3'a'73 'T3'^ 'CTT'C 'C 'O'C t3T; -CTj -c T3 QJ Ol 0) »>>>>>. >J >1 >> >>>. >, ^^^^ ^^^ >» -ti -t^ -t^ +J 4J -l-i -^i -P 4-i Z2 ^3 +3 4^ +3 +3 ^ ^ +i ^^^^ ^^^XrC rC ^^^^ ^^^ ^ 6jD bJO bij be &£ fcTj bX) be b>] .^ .^'.^.^.^ _b£_bc_bc _bC uiinxnuixji m uiuix/iui mu:w x/i G c c p p p •73 ^3 -xJ > ?-l S-J S-l Sh o) OJ a> >>> I I I o) cu OJ o o o rt rt c^ ui m m > > pppppppp 'Td'T3'DT3'C)'T3'T3'T3 CDCU C C C fl s c p p p p p p T3 T3 TS "^ "^ "^ S_, Sh ;m ^ ?-i ^ OJ <1> O; >>>>> p P a>(vi(r)a)a)a>aia)a)a)a)aj(via;ajaj ^ xn in ^ m 'f^ jfi ^ '^ '-^ ""' '^ ^ '^ '^ xn ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^' ^' P P I I OJ CD O CJ C3 c3 P P P P ^ u u u 01 QJ » p p ^3 13 p p TJ ^3 5-1 ^ 'w f-i QJ Q; .» CU a> S o) OJ „.„.-. cfi «:; r^ t/3 Ki -<<:<:<: Hj h-^ ^ h- 3 h-j h-j Hj h-^j . *~S ^^ 'Ti '^ ^^ '^ ^iZuIz;^^ ^^ o^^lz;:?;^^ ^o t-s' h-i l-s' Hj' >-l g g l-j >-j l-j"t-S l-s'l-i «o-^^^(^^(^^,Ha5(^^«ot-oooa5a3C~1-^l-ll-o^L■~'*c~o(^Il--la5■^c^lool^l(35-^OiTHr)^ooLC'<^^o (Ncg(^oc<^(^^l-^(^^c<^o^c .«■■ 0) +0 OJ c ^ g a§ o J-; (1) w c3 C8 P ^ OJ OOOQ O w o s> K/^ Kc'* »-H (^ t-H hH l-H QJ QJ SL 3 O QJ H P cS ^•ss (S QJ ^ QJ ^ C "^ ca O CJ QJ rt 03 QJ QjiS QJ ■r QJ CJ ' 2S CS <. ^o ^ QJ-T-I-S S E2 S QJ T3 QJ -P N O Pu PLh Plh Plh Pi p^ 114 THE MACHINE GUNNERS '^ T3 "T^ "^ "13 'w Ti o) oi a> oj oj a> a> CCCCOCCC 3 3 3 3 '13 3 3 3 oooooooo ^> P*i P^ ^^•'-* ^ t*5 ^^ o o Z O u 613 be bi) 6J);i:; bJO 6fi bC q ^'^'-a ^' 'C'OTS'C T3 'O 'CO'C 'C'O -cca (D OJ CD O) cu O) >>>>>>< >j OJ >» >.>>>. 'a >> >> .>>>.>> -1-1 -1-i -U -|J ^ ->J -I-J -U -l-J 3 Q -tJ -t^ ■4-i -l-J ^.i rCC^^ ^ 3 Q ^ ^rC^ rCrC rC^rC be bti bJO bfi .^ .bf bn bt) b* b/j bt) be bx be ^ ^ UjUjWO} W W mmm mxfi x/iir^xfi m C C M C C ^ 3 3 3 3 3 C -^3 'T3 t; 73 TS 0) ^H S-( S-< ?-i ^ g o) cu OJ a; OJ ►> K* K> K* hjo I I I < I n) O) O QJ ^ t; • • • o o , . 5 ^ ^ :?; u u X ? ^Oi-HOtDL-O-^ ~3'^OOOC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>boi3 PnflHpHPkaHl-MpHpHPHpHp^flHp-lllHPLHPHp^P^pHlXlpHpHPHClHPHPHPHaHfl^PHPuiPHCUPH^ OJ w 3 oi >» b fe fe £ oT o ccSr o 2 O C OJ 'O OJ o - ^ '^ !- C 3 minin m So rt OJ Qj u GO a.' k^ OJ o uf\ ^ tn rt C oi oi •— ; OJ cc o be > -t-i -u OJ 3 mm mm rt _ !-i »-5 1;^ "^ ^ tf .« WHE- 3 'S -^ E f^ OJ ^^ o . ^ S-i O 3 o be o c c rt c 2 pes ctf O OJ ^ OJ o) Si t) ^ ^ .2 "i; -c THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 115 *115th REGIMENTAL MACH5NE GUN COMPANY Jarman, Carey, Captain Jefferis, Charles R., Captain Wiegard, Bernard J., 1st Lt. Wier, John M. Jr., 1st Lt. Bennett, Charles I., 1st Lt. Nimme, William F., 1st Lt. Zenker, Charles W., 2nd Lt. Rowe, Raymond D., 2nd Lt. Cassell, Clair F., 2nd Lt. Parlett, Guy C, 2nd Lt. Kaiser, John R., 2nd Lt. Solomon, Ralph, 2nd Lt. Bowker, Charles D., 2nd Lt. Markham, Robert T., 2nd Lt. Dempsey, George A., 2nd Lt. ENLISTED MEN Adair, Burnay M. Allen, Rentford Anderson, Thomas L. Atherton, Carlysle W. Ball, Albert E. Basil, William H. Beyer, John H. Bennett, Andrew A. Boettcher, John E. Boucher, John L. Bowers, Kenneth Brady, Bernard M. Brady, Bernice Bright, Joseph Bromley, Wilson, Jr. Brown, John H. Burke, William H. Busby, Ben. T. Camp, Robert H. Campbell, William H. Carter, Arthur McD. Cecil, Hugh C. Chambers, William N. Churchill, Glinnis C. Clark, Frederick Clark, Samuel E. Cole, Howard E. Conn, James H. Copper, Elmer D. Cover, Herbert F. Crav/ford, Charles H. Crawley, George A. Davidson, Joseph S. Davison, Arima S. Deaton, Mathew L. De Petris, Joseph Duyer, Colin F. Faust, William 0. Fiesler, Howard M. Floyd, William J. Ford, Ernest J. Frank, Joseph E. Frazier, Samuel R., Jr. Frock, William B. Gadd, John M. Gebhardt, George J. Gingerick, Harry Glassburg, Ellis Goad, Cecil H. Gormley, Phillip P. Gortweitz, Andrew Gray, Lawrence E. Greve, Fred H. Grove, Henry N. Hallberg, Gustave Hai'kum, William U. Harshman, George Hawkins, James Hemby, Sam Hetzel, Earl H. Keying, Louis Hilditch, Melvin Hill, Lee Hinton, Thomas E. Hoff, Louis M. Holden, Gary N. Hollinghead, Ben. F. Hopkins, Samuel E. Horton, Jesse F. Hoyt, James L Janiello, Ugo Kangas, Uno W. Keene, James A. Kimball, Charles H. Knepp, George F. Lannon, William F. Lassonde, Edward F. Lawson, Charles Long, George A. MacTnnis, Samuel W. McBride, John C. McGuckian. George C. McCallum, Ernest McMahon, James W. McNew, Wilbur H. Maddox, Dalton Menzica, Francisco Michael, James A. Miller, George W. Miller, Harry W. Miller, Oliver Mitchell, John L. Moore, Robert L. Moran, John 116 THE MACHINE GUNNERS Nanny, Oliver Newkirk, Andrew M. O'Melia, James P. Panowitz, Thomas Parkinson, William H. Pasckiewiez, Thomas Petty, George Pillsbury, Clyde F. Pitts, Reuben C. Podell, Richard R. Poole, Willie B. Popham, George S. Porter, Edgar E. Posey, Lee A. Prather, Talmadge L. Price, John R. Pritchard, Fred D. Purk, Albert Purnell, Frank Raycraft, Joseph Quast, Herman Ringle, Glen W. Roenbeck, Frank A. Rogers, Howard H. Rose, Delford D. Russell, Herbert W. Russell, Jesse C. Sabin, Arthur Sadaukas, Vincent Saffran, Joe W. Sanders, Thomas F. Fandsbury, Edgar E. Schulz, Louis W. Fcible, Gordon L. Shay, Daniel Shelangoskie, Stephen Shields, Francis E. Shipley, Harold B. Shupak, Louis V. Slepy, William Smart, Rowley P. Smith, Clifton J. Smith, Marion D. Soble, Lyman C. Spence, Henry J. Spence, William M. O. Standridge, Boyd Stewart, Alton E. Strange, Kenton W. Stroud, Harvey Sullivan, Daniel Swag'ler, James E. Thoma.s, George C. Tongue, Henry McP., Jr. Townsend, Hulbert P. Trasch, George Treadwav, Wendall D. Trott, Walter R. Van Arnum, John R. Walter, George Waterfall, George Watts, Andrew Wayson, Wesley A. Weil, Otto N. White. Arthur B. Whitehead, Henry Whitehead, Mortimer Widger, Harvey E. William, Arthur Williams, Oscar Worthington, H. L Yates, Robert H. FORMER MEMBERS Abbott, Ruth Ackinson, George W. Aldridge, George W. Ayres, Robert R Barnes, Charles H. Barnett, John E Barrett, Robert L. Bas'l. Thomas G Bernstein, Samuel Bieilaski, Fred Beck, Henry C. Boettcher, Henry J. Brady, Albert J. Brazil, Albert Breckenridge, Virgil H. Burdett, Harry M. Carr, Benjamin S. Cotras, Joseph F. Clark, Albert Claude, Lawrence Conner, Jesse Creswell, John B. Daulbaugh. Joseph B. Deckret, Alfred Coering, William C. Dolan, James T. Dyar, Ernest F. Ellwood, Stephen C, Jr. Emerson, E. Falice, Joseph S. Farris, Percy E. Fenwick. Thomas N Fonara, Michael French, William H. Gladden, James M. Goodwin, James Graham, Joseph W. Graham, Thomas B. Green, Albert G. Grossman, A. J. Gunning, Andrew J. Hayden, Howard THE BLUK AND GRAY DIVISION 117 Hill, W. B. Holley, Andreas Z. Hollingsworth, Karl Johnson, Joseph R. Jamison, William E. Kohlhepp, R. C. Lackey, Charles W. Lee, Augustus J. Lesnau, John N. Liberto, John Lutz, James A., Jr. McCrone, Samuel H. Mahoney, John M. Mattiozzi, Mariano Minton, Pat W. Mollow, Daniel Morris, Walter Muchanke, Michael Newton, Clarence 0. Nicholson, William G. Odendahl, Nathan 0. O'Melia, Joseph Osburne, Edward R . Parker, B. A. Parkinson, Maximillian Phillips, Jeremiah Poweiil, Joseph F. Price, Williard T. Pronek, Jerry J. Puncheon, Chas. W. Rawlings, Frank T. Rigby, Robert Roberts, Thomas Rose, Steven C. Rowe, Francis J. Russell, George J. Scheeler, John B. Schell, Thomas E. Schofield, Samuel Shoopman, Other A. Smedley, Randle K. Smith, E. J. Smith, Howard Smith, James Spriggs, William H. Strange, Edward R. Swider, Kaiser Teeters, James Thayer, Harry L. Timmons, George W. Truitt, William B. Turner, Fulton Watwood, John W. Weber, William J . Weeks, Raymond E. Welch, Richard 0. White, Walter Wilson, Albert Wilson, Robert P. Wingate, William R. Wolfe, James W., Jr. Woodhouse, Allen C. Woodward, Nicholas N. Yarbrough, Jesse G. •Note: Information as to Rank. Age. Native State, Actions engaged in, and Casualties, not available. 118 THE MACHINE GUNNERS .5 I* h.. ;^ o "A W 3 cij O « I" C 3 < % O U 2 D O X u < < H 3 CO C '73 CI C C= =i rs 3 ■n'a T3 3 3 ^ f^ ^ >H >-l C C C C C (5 3 3 3 3 3 3 "C T3 T3 t; "O T3 ■^ u ;^ f^ u u d; (D OJ CU CU O) >>>> >> >>>>>> I I I r. I I I I I I 0) >>> CD Q) 0) QJ tJ c; CJ CJ cS en crt 05 t/j m E/J [/j etc 3 3 3 'C 'T3 T3 U U U m Qj 0) >>> JJ O) O) QJ O y y jj ?^ 03 rt 03 3 3 T3'73 3 3 ■c -a 0) a> >> I I I I >> I I I 0) OJ (1) o o o rt c^ c3 3 3 u u :s w <:-<<;<:<:<;<:<:«<<1<-<<:'<<:*<j c] 03 (>4 CJ c J Ol (>i c ) (^] o] cNi C4 OJ (^3 (^J c^ cj c ■+J 03 O tn o ^H j o CD -- 0^ ^ C3 H,p> 13 ^-5;? S.C3 ^O >PM ^ 3 o o ^ a >j ^ (3 S Q Q hJ § M H ?H 3 P* J-l _r.— I rfl &JO-I-J |L^ CD .r- rt (j3 c s !;; ^ cfi C o J-i o3 q; 3 o -^ ^s r-i S-i OS ■ (D>>• >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> a> (U a> ^ajajaia)a)a)a)aj O O CJ OcjOOOOOOCJOOCJCJOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCJOOOOCJCJO MMM ^^^hO ooooooooooooo ifiiniriininxnir. mmfiuitfim ci d ci^ ^ -^ fi fi '?1 ^ T.M o o oooo^jr~rt3->>>>>>>>>>>>>>3>>>>>>>>p>t>> . w W O O 'A o -S O T3 O a> o c 53 "^ « ^^ C?^" 03 C 03 o I — I t/3 « 3 S O C Qj ,-:; o o CQmpgpq ^O o K! ^1 (u ^ c ^ 5; 5; o t> Jh >H 3 S O O) pqcqouQP 30 ^ S - OI S ^ g >= 03 ™ O) ^-. 3 3 120 THE MACHINE GUNNERS PI O o < O U 2: D O u z X < 2 u 3 0; CO —4 O O ^^ -OT3 O) (U c C C'O'^ ji; C '■+3 •^•43 3 3 CJ 0000 as c« cS ^ ^ oun lied oun ^^ bSi bD 3 43 ^ 03 >. C "O rC O) bxi :^ ^M^ wwww M >> 03 oj 3 3 OJ OJ >> I I O) o 03 03 M CO 3 3 73 -:3 ^J '-' >> o o 333^:33333333 c r: c c c c 3 33333 ^3 TjTS'GTjt; T3'p'T3 O3c^o5c^o3ojcvjc^c^o3c^c^o3c^o3o3o3c3o3a3 c C C C f3 ■:^ C C c 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 T3'X3'T3't3T3'C'OT3T3 V< u f-H ?H V4 ^H ^ !h fH CD OJ o; O) Ol Ol QJ OJ a; >>>>>.;>>.>.>. aj a> ci; tu a; a> CiJ ;. .OoScaos' .o3'o3"o3o3o3,iHoi'2o3-5=5^^'^^'^'3 ?i oo■^t^(^]o-^T-^TH^ocoai•>*tO(^3o:>rl^lHfo05(^lcoTHlnco5D■<*oi(^^OlOco■^Oi'*^D(^lo °i c<^c>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ;o C/2 03 3-^ o! , Ol M 5-1 O) ^.3 WM fKi^;^ QJ .(-5 bJO'oj •- ^ ^ a o tfi ^ S ^ 3 O OS 03 pqmpo d>"73^ c 73 03 5 -= ^ & S O 03 rg 5 03 f^ S C C5 OOUO .^s '^.'A ^^ a< a» fn 03 ^ S o w > 0) "^ — r^^ . 73* a> b ^ ^ j^ OJ O) OOPP oJ ^- - . (JJ .— I M cfi I— I OS OJ OJ C > C C 3 3 03 03 QpQQQHHWHEiH OJ QJ > QJ !^ 2 - .f^ •^ OJ o 03 QJ *-| C OS ji; 03 OJ jh C Si k> O Ph ?-< f-( 03 03 OWffi S c J- ;-l QJ 03 to « a^ QJ QJ QJ fcj) bJOrf! 73 &C 00 O O 3 THE BLUB AND GRAY DIVISION 121 -a 3 c3 cS OJ _C .s ■73 ^ ^ W M W o Qt be c c c ;3 3 13 TJ TS 'O 13-^ Si ^ ^H ?H 0)0)0) >>> I I I 0) O) O) U O CJ c^ c3 oj VI xn m 0) OJ o) aj >> 0) OJ ^ O) Q) o o 5:J o o 03 (33 « CS 03 QJ H OJ O) » 33333I33P '73 "^ "^ '13 "^ "Ti T3 *13 QJOJOQJQJQJajO) >>>>>>>> c c c 3 3 3 T3 'O 'C CSC 3 3 3 ■^ 13 T3 3 3 ^3 73 UUi-f^^^UU jj._., oJojojOJOJojajojojoJOjajOJO) Crt03*^CSCdn3C3cSCTj^cS^cScS^^*^ if^wjiimifiifir/imifiininmiriinwtnxfi 0)0)0) >>> I • > OJ QJ aj O t) CJ 03 cS p3 Tfi Vi w QJ QJ 0) >>■>■ QJ O) QJ o o o 03 03 03 vi in m QJ OJ 3 3 T3T3 0) OJ QJ O) OJ QJ o o o o C C C 3 3 3 T3'73'3 ?H P-l ^ OJ O) 0) >» I I I OJ OJ QJ o o o cS 03 C3 in m m <<<«<«'^<<«':^«'^««««<^««««<H o >hU 0) m • S3 03O H 0>H>H cS 03 03 03 o3 cS cS ^<;><2i>>>^>>>^^'>gH^^S^§>^>>^>>>>>>>^0^'^"^ ■^Ct>0'^M(>3C> > t> > DhPhPhPh I I I I I r I I I I I I I I I I PhCLiPhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhP^PhP-iPhP-i H^t QJ g A! ^"3 . S S.s.-s Co QJ ^ S ^ ' -J? 5r, r' 03 ^ .5 c o WWW K. QJ Jh m 1-3 r^-^ O! QJ MWW 2 03 03 M 'S "2 cS :S| >'^ S 03 OJ QJ.2 o m WW w 03 C >> p^^ o QJ *-5 -? o pq o .a 03" in QJ 0" OS 03 03 Sh 03 H^J g^ss ^ >» OJ ajD Q* -O > ,_• -1 ;s q;<^.2 £ ^ H S w o ■ C 3 IS 03 (>| — T 03 +j . § 5 'oJ ^ ^ U-^ tn ^ )'-^^'X3ojojQjfi^ 'ir: ! o o .):; .7^ r;3 ri: o >< qj oj p -^ QJ 122 THE MACHINE GUNNERS 3 o o < o u z D O u] X U |2 o H H Si g > > M O) tU 0) ^ Cj Oj rt " ^ ^ ^ 3 3 3 3 -C T3 ^ !h Qj q; d) CL) 0) i O (D o u o o o o c PI 3 3 T3 X! 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P. ^ 3.S O O O >-i Jh THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 123 c c c3 03 C _C «w a C S C C c J3 (S fs S C 3 :3 3 3 3 3 13 3 3 3 3 T3'aT3'^T3'OT3'T3T3'a'C ^ ^ U !h ^ u ;h ^H >-i ^ Si QJ QJ OJ a; CJ QJ « >>>>.>■>.>.!>>>>> 0) 0) 01 OJ a> QJ 0) CU H d -t->-+J-(->4J-4-J-|J-f-a+J-|J-(J-M >>>>>>>>>>> PnfLipHpmlHP-lPHfm^PHPH CO l-J , -XS >>' 0) CO . - +J ?-( JD ^ .-H 03 03 (U m rC w O . Vi O) C J;^ C 5:J 03 P - -c C S S S ni '^ '-^ rrt fT< n c c 3 J3 c ^^^^^l^gggl ROSTER of Officers and Men of Blue and Gray Division From November 1, 1918, to Demobilization THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 125 HEADQUARTERS COMPANY, 110th MACHINE GUN BATTALION. Name. Rank. Age. State Goetz, Albert M Pvt. 32 Ohio Heesch, Fred R Pvt. 23 Neb. SANITARY DETACHMENT, 110th MACHINE GUN BATTALION Name. Rank. Age. State Finkenstein, Theo. L Pvt. 22 Pa. COMPANY "A", 110th MACHINE GUN BATTALION Name. Rank. Age. State Post, Byron T 1st Lieut. Barnwell, Isaac H 1st Lieut. Tenn. Willis, Francis D 2nd Lieut. Ga. Rohret, Adam P 2nd Lieut. Iowa Petry, Harry 2nd Lieut. McCandless, Raymond 2nd Lieut. Neb. Purinton, Francis 2nd Lieut. Iowa Knepper, Harry R Sgt. 28 Ind. Olding. Herman H Sgt. 26 Ky. Ring, Howard H Sgt. 27 Ky. Riordan, Gerald T Sgt. 25 Ky. Craig, David E Corp 29 Ohio Haisch, William F Corp. 21 Ky. Wickenmeyer, Clifford Corp. 27 Ky. Young, Clarence W Corp. 29 Ky. Timmister, Edward Cook 30 Ky. Reiger, Fred W Cook 23 Ky. Remy, John E Pvt. 1st CI. 24 Ohio CaldWell, Claude Pvt. 22 Ky. Daugherty, Elmer Pvt. 22 Md. Morris, James Pvt. 32 Calif. Rice, Alex L Pvt. 31 Ind. Silvey, John P Pvt. 19 N. J. Valentine, David Pvt. 24 Ohio COMPANY "B" 110th MACHINE GUN BATTALION Name. Rank. Age. State Morgan, George B 1st Lieut. Post, Byron T 1st Lieut. Slaughter, Walter 2nd Lieut. Whitnel, Josiah 2nd Lieut. Bischoff, Geo. J Sgt. 25 Ky. Gastreich, John J Sgt. 29 Ky. Gully, Leslie W Sgt. 27 Ky. Hilker, Charles L Sgt.. 28 Ky. 126 THE MACHINE GUNNERS COMPANY "B," 110th MACHINE GUN BATTALION — Cont. Name. Rank. Age. State. Pauen, John H Sgt. 32 Ky. Schaar, David G Sgt. 22 Ky. Unkraut, Grover Cook 26 Ky. Bailey, Walter E Pvt. 28 Ohio Berkley, Aaron A Pvt. 26 Ky. Bischoff, Joseph J Pvt. 23 Ohio Burnside, Arthur J Pvt. 28 Ky. Ehman, Nicholas A Pvt. 23 Ohio Hildreth, Fred D Pvt. 27 Ohio James, Arnold Pvt. 23 Ind. Lorenz, Alphonse J Pvt. 26 Ky. McConkey, Arley E Pvt. 27 Ohio Luyet, Peter Pvt. 25 Ohio Taylor, Culver J Pvt. 23 Ind. Tuley, Wm. L Pvt. 23 Ind. Vance, Fred S Pvt. 27 Ohio Varner, George F Pvt. 22 Ohio Warner, Edwin G Pvt. 24 Ohio Witten, Bernard G Pvt. 23 Ohio HEADQUARTERS COMPANY, 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION Name. Rank. Age. State Conary, Arthur H Major 35 Minn. Holmstrom, Earl W Sgt. 21 Iowa Rabbitt, Edwin Corp. 23 Iowa Anderson, Lawrence Cook 32 Ky. Adams, William F Wag. 25 N. J. Hall, Samuel T Wag. 23 Luther, Philip J Pvt. 1st CI. 27 SANITARY DETACHMENT, 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION. Name. Rank. Age. Clear, John J Pvt. 27 Head, James K Pvt. 27 Waldo, John W Pvt. 24 state. N. Y. Ga. Idaho COMPANY "A", 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION Name. Rank. Age. State. Benbrook Albert 1st Lieut. 30 Mich. Thompson, Walter B 1st Lieut. 26 Iowa Hildreth, Emmett F 2nd Lieut. 24 Ala. Royer, John W 2nd Lieut. 22 Va. Baker, Cloyd Sgt. 25 111. Billups, Samuel Sgt. 24 111. Cline, Orval K Sgt. 23 111. Hutchinson, Gary W Sgt. 24 111. Johnston, Edward . Sgt. 24 111. THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 127 COMPANY "A," 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION— Cont. Name. Hank. Age. State. Lowry, Verne Sgt. 25 Mo. Martin, Ira J Sgt. 27 Ohio Paul, Frank J Sgt. 23 111. Pifer, William Sgt. 26 111. Purchase, Thomas A hgt. 25 N. J. Shelton, Samuel Sgt. 30 111. Ahrens, Chris J Corp. 25 Ohio Claybourn, Harlie P Corp. 24 111. Hall, Josh Corp. 29 Ky. Hawkridge, James Corp. 21 N. J. Kaffits, Clarence Corp. 23 111. Montgomery, Carl Corp. 24 111. Pearson, John K Corp. 24 Ky. Pratt, John L Corp. 28 Ohio Roembeck, Frank Corp. 23 Ky. Rutherford, Orlie Corp. 27 111. Sexton, Fred Corp. 24 111. Zimmer, Ener Mech. 26 111. Ziegler, Clem Mech. 22 111. Neuahus, Frank Mech. 22 Ky. Hunt, Jess H. Shoer 24 111. ' Morris, Robert Bugler 23 HI. Baldwin, George Pvt. 1st CI. 23 Iowa Bradley, Lewis Pvt. 1st CI. 27 Kansas Brammer, Avory Pvt. 1st CI. 25 Ky. Brickson, Rolf Pvt. 1st CI. 24 Colo. Connell, Will Pvt. 1st CI. 27 Ky. Connelly, James C Pvt. 1st CI. 26 N. J. Grissom, Edgar Pvt. 1st CI. 23 Texas Karch, John W Pvt. 1st CI. 25 HI. Kennedy, Jess Pvt. 1st CI. 25 HI. McAllister. Jess Pvt. 1st CI. 24 Ohio McDaniel, Enos Pvt. 1st CI. 25 Ky. Penfield, Melvin Pvt. 1st CI. 27 Colo. Picket, John F Pvt. 1st CI. 25 Conn. Rowsey, Elmer Pvt. 1st CI. 23 Okla. Stevens, Robert Pvt. 1st CI. 23 HI. Taylor. Frank Pvt. 1st CI. 29 Colo. Weil, Edward Pvt. 1st CI. 25 Ohio Whisenhaunt, Alva Pvt. 1st CI. 24 Il|. Whisenhaunt, Joseph Pvt. 1st CI. 23 HI- Ashley, Gordon Pvt. 21 Ala. Allen, Alexander Pvt. 23 111. Allenson, John "Pvt. 27 Texas Allmond, John P Wt. 28 Del. Andress. Winfield Pvt. 31 Del. Bitz. William Pvt. 24 Mass. Bradley, Louis Pvt. 27 Kansas Brenk, William Pvt. 28 111. Brown, Robert Pvt. 22 Texas Burton, Louis Pvt. 30 Texas Bvrne, John L Pvt. 28 Colo. Chimiel, John L Pvt. 24 N. J. Chenos, Sam Pvt. 28 Iowa Cody, Patrick Pvt. 25 Iowa Corns, Raymond S Pvt. 27 Iowa DeRose, Dominick Pvt. 28 Wash. 128 THE MACHINE GUNNERS COMPANY "A," 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION — Cont. Name. Rank. Age. State. Marschall, Nicholas Pvt. 23 Minn. Smith, David E Pvt. 25 Texas Sones, Guy F Pvt. 26 Texas Sturgess, Emerson Pvt. 25 Va. Throne, Henry Pvt. 24 COMPANY "B", 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION. Name. Rank. Age. State Miller, Thomas R Capt. 29 Ga. Smarr, Robert N 1st Lieut. 26 Ga. Steele, Lawrence Sgt. 22 Iowa Bevis, Clarence A Sgt. 23 Ky. Boland, Albert C Sgt. 31 Ky. Bowman, John H Sgt. 30 Iowa Brinkman, George H Sgt. 26 Ky. Cullinan, Martin Sgt. 28 Ohio Gahafer, Henry P Sgt. 31 Ky. Gahr, George F Sgt. 27 Ky. Hansen, John Sgt. 25 Iowa Kuilema, Garret F Sgt. 26 Iowa McCrea, Willard Sgt. 22 Ky. Miller, Walter J Sgt. 24 Ky. Russell, Carman C Sgt. 23 Iowa Sims, Paul W Sgt. 25 Iowa Thorgesen, Anthon G Pgt. 28 Iowa Tiberghein, Claude W Sgt. 26 Iowa Townsend, Edwin B Sgt. 21 Dakota Westfall, Coyt M Sgt. 29 Iowa Worswick. Charles Sgt. 24 Iowa Youtsey, Ralph H Sgt. 30 Ky. Atwater, Beauford W Corp. 24 Iowa Chamberlain, James M Corp. 25 Ky. Daily, Daniel Corp. 23 Iowa Dixon, Herbert T Corp. 30 Calif. Drilling, Joe C Corp. 24 Iowa Gibson, Lawrence M Corp. 22 Kansas Harmless, Hugh U Corp. 23 Ind. Harsh, Leon G Corp. 25 Iowa Hatt, Reginald L Corp. 21 Iowa Hornug, Theodore W Corp. 26 Ind. Little, Lloyd Corp. 20 Iowa Martin, Clyde C Corp. 27 Ind. Messenger, Tom W Corp. 20 Iowa Moffitt, Max Corp. 2"^ Iowa Peck, Everett C Corp. 22 Iowa Schultz, Fredrick J Corp. 30 Ky. Anderson, Lawrence Cook 27 Ky. Levin, David H Cook 22 Iowa Pearson, Lloyd Cook 24 Kansas Behmer, Herman J Bugler 29 Iowa Reynolds, Eugene E Bugler 20 Iowa Adams, Charles Pvt. 1st CI. 24 Ky. Branaum, Jewett M Pvt. 1st CI. 23 Iowa Burkhart, Joseph H Pvt. 1st CI. 30 Ohio Dew, James Pvt. 1st CI. 23 Iowa THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 129 COMPANY "B," 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION — Cont. Name. Hank. Ettinger, Clarence Pvt. 1st CI. Gude, Christian Pvt. 1st CI. Johnson, Joel O Pvt. 1st CI. McDonald, Patrick H Pvt. 1st CI. Richards, Charles J Pvt. 1st CI. Ryan, George T Pvt. 1st CI. Stanich, Chris Pvt. 1st CI. Vredenburg, Evan C Pvt. 1st CI. Weher, Raymond W Pvt. 1st CI. Williamson, Claude M Pvt. 1st CI. Barewegen, George G Pvt. Beal, Homer R Pvt. Beedlow, Anthony A Pvt. Bell, William H Pvt. Behymer, How^ard Pvt. Beriso, Steven Pvt. Blackwell, Tinch F Pvt. Boyle, Martin Pvt. Briggs, William A Pvt. Brooks, Tom Pvt. Burdette, Jesse Pvt. Burris, Dewey Pvt. Cameron, Albert Pvt. Clark, John J Pvt. Clever. Alexander S Pvt. Connolly, John P Pvt. Crume, CliflFord H Pvt. Dahlke, Michael A Pvt. Davis, Adalbert A Pvt. Diedrick, Frederick F Pvt. Eddington, Guy V Pvt. Egan, Francis J Pvt. Ferwerda. John J Pvt. Hartley, Ralph D Pvt. Hehn, Gustave Pvt. Heine, Kenneth Pvt. Hoffer, George W Pvt. Kenehan, Thomas J Pvt. Lash, Irvin L Pvt. McGehee, Roy W Pvt. Quinn, Martin E Pvt. Scherer, Joseph F Pvt. Smith, Charles F Pvt. Swisher, William E Pvt. Throne, Henry Pvt. Williams, Johnnie N Pvt. Ag(^ 28 Iowa 25 Iowa 20 lov/a 26 Ky. 20 Iowa 27 Ky. 23 Ariz. 27 Iowa 27 Colo. 24 Ohio 23 111. 25 Pa. 26 Ohio 27 Del. 26 Ky. 23 111. 30 S. C. 30 Ohio 28 Pa. 23 111. 29 Ala. 20 Iowa 27 Ohio 26 Md. 24 111. 28 111. 25 Mex. 27 Wise. 30 Ohio 29 Iowa 26 Ky. 24 Ohio 27 Mo. 23 Iowa 28 S. Dak 26 Mo. 30 Iowa 26 N. J. 28 Mich. 23 Okla. 2"! Idaho 26 Ohio 23 Ohio 27 Ohio 25 Iowa 26 Texas COMPANY "C", 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION. Name. Rank. Age. State Jones, Frank A ^^-Capt. 28 Md. Sandlin, Erie Capt. 26 Ala. White, Norman P Capt. 24 N. J. Graber, Otto J 1st Lieut. 23 Ohio Esty, William C 2nd Lieut. 23 Pa. McFall, Eugene A ,_2nd Lieut. 26 Va. 130 THE MACHINE GUNNERS COMPANY "C," 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION— Cont. ^3.me. Rank. Age. State. ?x}u-Z' ^n^"^ ?W 2nd Lieut. 26 Mass. Whittle, Carrol, B 2nd Lieut. 34 Md. Wilson, Riley V 2nd Lieut. 24 Ala. Anderson, Clarence E Sgt. 28 Iowa Boylson, John J Sgt. 24 Ky Carbery, Andrew C Sgt. 26 Ky Koehler, Harry L Sgt. 27 111.* Nichols, Clyde L Sgt. 28 111 Oldham, Richard J Sgt. 24 111' Seiber, Lee Sgt! 24 Phelton, Samuel E Sgt. 32 111 Sisson, Raymond G Sgt.' 26 Walker, Samuel E Sgt." 28 Whittenberg, Everett C Sgt! 24 111 Alt, Antone Corp. 31 Baylis, Walter L Corp. 28 Belt, Ray E IlCorp' 21 Danbeck, Thomas W Corp 33 NY Fry, Gail M Corp. 21 Kirchner, Gildra B Corp. 24 Iowa Koitman, William J Corp. 32 Morris, Earl H Corp! 24 Smith, Charles H Corp. 24 NY Smith, Warren H Corp. 26 111 Williamson, William H Corn. 26 111 Heikamp, Gorge H Cook 31 Paak, Paul Cook 33 N. J. Brown, Orville E Saddler 26 Fleissner, Charles T Saddler 29 ' Ky. Culbertson, Harold M Bugler 26 Ky! Good, Austin E Buglef 24 Altenbaugh, Raymond L Pvt. 1st CI. 26 Baker, Joseph M Pvt. 1st CI. .32 Best, Weldon E Pvt. 1st CI. 28 New Mex. Gilmore, John A Pvt. 1st CI. 33 Harris, Frank O Pvt. 1st €1. 28 Okla. Jfawxhurst, Bernard S Pvt. 1st CI. 24 Hill, Allen B Pvt. 1st Cl! 25 Idaho Jarvis, Glenn Pvt. 1 pt <^\. :^9 Johnson, Tommy R Pvt. 1st C] ^^ Jorgensen, Chriss IllPvt! 1st Cl! 21 Iowa Lockwood, James A Pvt 1 ^t n 9 Martin William D Pvt! 1st Cl. 26 Okla. Millhollm, Leroy T Pvt. 1st Cl. 26 Moreland, William E Pvt. 1st Cl. 26 Texas Morris, Walter B Pvt. 1st Cl. 31 Minn. Pratt, Benjamin H Pvt. 1st Cl 31 Redburn, Roy Pvt. 1st Cl. 26 Sparks, Johnnie P Pvt. 1st Cl. 21 Texas Stewart, Thomas T Pvt. 1st Cl. 26 Tieaskie, Elias Pvt. 1st Cl 28 Wilbanks, Earle E Pvt. 1st CI. 28 Texas Wilbanks, William B Pvt. 1st Cl. 22 Texas Welch, Jesse Pvt. 1st Cl. 28 Texas Ackerman, Joseph T Pvt. 29 Delaney, John L Pvt. 26 Dilbeck, George W IPvt! 26 THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 131 COMPANY "C," 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION— Cont. Name. Rank. Age. State. DiMarco, Cesare Pvt. 29 111. Downs, Ned Pvt. 28 Okla. Erickson, Edwin J Pvt, 24 Minn, Farley, Elmer J Pvt, 24 N. J. Ford, Henry G Pvt. 24 N, C, Grover, Edwin P Pvt. ■ 24 Hartman, Frank A Pvt. 28 N. J. Heeren, Harry Pvt. 32 Iowa Hiltz, Vincent H Pvt. 24 Johnson, Henry M Pvt. 26 Jones, Cyril I Pvt. 23 N. J. Jones, Hugh I Pvt. 23 Iowa Kaduce, Will Pvt. 25 Iowa Kemple, Grover C Pvt. 31 Nev. Klippel, Julius H Pvt. 30 Kroll, Arthur C Pvt. 33 Iowa Marek, John Pvt. 30 Iowa Marwil, Bernie Pvt. 22 Texas McGramis, Thomas L Pvt. 23 Iowa Mouquin, Charles A Pvt. 32 N. Y. Munz, Arthur Pvt. 21 Neal, Alva R Pvt. 22 Ind. O'Brien, John J Pvt. 32 N. J. Pellow, William H Pvt. 24 Peterson, Emil M Pvt. 25 N. J. Post, James W Pvt. 26 Mo. Priehs, Emil M Pvt. 31 :, '[ Soren, Thomas F Pvt. 32 N. J. COMPANY "D", 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION. Name. Rank. Age. State Greene, John C 1st Lieut. 31 Ohio Smarr, Robert N 1st Lieut. 21 Ga. Bashaw, Stanley Sgt. Beightol, Evard Sgt. Brinnick, William M Sgt. Chapman, Florian W Sgt. 25 Ohio Ericson, Walter O Sgt. Gantt, Edward J Sgt. Holmstron, Earl W Sgt. Iowa Hubaeher, Wilbur J Sgt. Iowa Hutchinson, Arthur J Sgt. Iowa King, Lloyd M Sgt. Iowa Knack, Harley E Sgt. Iowa Lange, Elmer H Sgt. Maxeiner, Edmund C Sgt. Iowa Wright, Robert L Sgt. 27 Iowa Asbell, Clyde Corp. Austin, Howard A Corp. DeMorris, Chester R Corp. Ett, Edson H Corp. 25 Iowa Graham, Vernon B Corp. ' T ^ \ ■ Hickey, Harvey H Corp. Knowles, Ralph A Corp. Kruse, Anthony F Corp. 33 Iowa 132 THE MACHINE GUNNERS COMPANY "D," 111th MACHINE GUN BATTALION— Cont. Name. Rank. Age. State. Newsum, Herman C Corp. Plotner, Charles E Corp. 24 Iowa Roberts, David C Corp. Rodenborn, David J Corp. 22 Iowa Sampson, Lawrence Corp. Iowa Scott, Wallace R Corp. Wall, Edward R Corp. Weis, Elmer A Corp. Johnson, Bert T Mech. 2« Dakota Good, Austin E Bugler 25 111. Burgess, Harry A Pvt. 1st CI. 20 Iowa Cole, David B Pvt. 1st CI. 23 Texas Davis, Eugene Pvt. 1st CI. 29 Texas Doerning. John H Pvt. 1st CI. Hansen, Hans P Pvt. 1st CI. 24 Iowa Hintcc, Robert Pvt. 1st CI. Hyde, Adam Pvt. 1st CI. Jensen, Thor V Pvt. 1st CI. Johnson, Jess H Pvt. 1st CI. 26 HI. Morrison. Horace Pvt. 1st CI. 24 Texas Padilla, Jose R Pvt. 1st n. 26 Colo. Sonnamaker, Frank F Pvt. 1st <^1. 23 Texas Tieaskie, Elias Pvt. 1st CI. 27 Okla. Wasson, Herman C Pvt. 1st CI. 23 Texas Fieri, John Pvt. 23 111, Galluzzo, William Pvt. 23 111. Heil. Frank Pvt. 28 111. Hollingsworth, Rolla Pvt. 24 Iowa Johnson, Edward R Pvt. 20 Okla. Johnston. Edward G Pvt. 24 111. Keller, Walter B Pvt. 36 N. J. Klaas, George Pvt. 23 Iowa Kowalig. Peter Pvt. 28 IlL Kozak, Tonv Pvt. 24 N. J. Lunquist, Walter Pvt. 19 Iowa Mertyles, Frank Pvt. 31 Mich. Quintana, Jose E Pvt. 23 New Mex. Rivers, Bert M Pvt. 40 Minn. Stang, Lawrence W Pvt. 24 N. J. Taylor. George W Pvt. 24 Okla. Waxweiler, Carl Pvt. 27 111. HEADQUARTERS COMPANY, 112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION. Name. Rank. Age. State Moakley, James I 1st Lieut. 48 N. J. Hanes, Richard N Sgt. Major 24 Va. Mcafee, Hamer D Corp. 24 Ohio Sand, James C Cook 32 Ohio Hopkins, Carl Wag. 23 W. Va. Lassiter, Fred J Wag. 26 Ohio Miller, Benjamin A Wag. 25 111. Will, Charles E Wag. 23 111. >Lge. State 21 2 7 Va. D. C tge. state 26 Idaho 22 Conn. THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 133 ORDINANCE DETACHMENT, 112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION Name. Rank. Futrelle, Little B Sgt. Ord. Sharp, Paul W Sgt. Ord. SANITARY DETACHMENT, 112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION Name. Rank. Gadd, Samuel W Pvt. Krasicki, Adam Pvt. COMPANY "A", 112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION. Name. Kank. Age. State Gatlin, Wm. A 1st Lieut. 26 Fla. Petter, Stanley ^nd Lieut. 23 Ky. Callahan, John M Sgt. Kirke, Edward Sgt. 25 1 . Marberry, Frank Sgt. 25 l . Hogg, Guy W._- Corp. 29 lU. Cameron, Cortex J Cook 27 Uhio Haag, Louis W Pvt. 1st CI. 26 Ind. Baker, Harrey J Pvt. 23 incl. Cahill Floyd H Pvt. 25 Oho Leimenstoll, Darell D Pvt. 24 Ohio Roberts, Clarence H. Pvt. 26 111 Stencel, Albert Pvt. 29 Md. Vaughn, William T ivt. 23 1 . Wright, Ray F Pvt. ^3 m. COMPANY "B", 112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION. Name. Hank. Age. State Bell, Bruce B i'*. ^t'^"^: H ?n^" Kilroy, John G 2nd Lieut. 32 lU. Layman, Lloyd D 2nd Lieut 23 W^ Va. Petter, Stanley D 2nd Lieut. 23 Ky. Overbey, Clinton S 2nd Lieut. 30 Mo. Shelton, Alger L Sgt.. 28 111. Albers, John H Sg • 25 Ky. Barth, John L Sgt. 22 Ky. Geiger, Millen C Sgt. 27 I. Hawley, Irven D Sgt. 21 ilK Howe, William F Sgt. 29 Ky. Mathis, Alvin L Sgt. 21 1 . Mercer, Claud P Sgt. 30 I . Pritchett, Henry Sgt. ^^ { • Taylor, Arias W Sgt. 2^ 1- Wilson, Ralph W Sgt. 26 I . Collins, Floyd G Corp. 22 IlL Currin, Russell A Corp. 23 Ohio McAfee, Hamer Corp. ^4 i . Morris, Roscoe Corp. ^7 ill. Roe, Charles E Corp. 21 Mich. 134 THE MACHINE GUNNERS COMPANY "B," 112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION — Cont. Name. Rank. Age. State. Smith, Sturgus Corp. Tanner, George Corp. Gillespie ^ Cook Young, George W Bugler Askern, William J Pvt. Bissell, Oliver R Pvt. Bolin, Harry B Pvt. Burgunzi, Peter Pvt. Chapman, Norman Pvt. Cline, George B Pvt. Clark, George F Pvt. Davenport, James Pvt. Dolan, Thomas Pvt. Foil, Arthur Pvt. Forsythe, Gail B Pvt. Harry, Will J Pvt. Holtman, Arnold C Pvt. Holland, Earl C Pvt. Hutchins, Floyd G Pvt. Hyder, Terry Pvt. Johnson, Grant Pvt. Lassitere, Fred Pvt. Long, Charles Pvt. McCann, Harry B Pvt. Newall, Orla L Pvt. Price, Erwin H Pvt. Rauth, Loraine E Pvt. St. John, George Pvt. Ucker, Anthony L Pvt. Vaughn, William Pvt. Velkly, Thomas E Pvt. Verax, Harry Pvt. Vorys, George W Pvt. Webster. I ott E Pvt. Whipkey, Roy Pvt. Winchester, John G Pvt. COMPANY "C", 112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION Name. Rank. Age. State Board, Charles B _lst Lieut. 28 Va. Markham, Robert T list Lieut. 26 111, Baldwin, Ernest G 1st Lieut. 33 Va. Clark, Lee A 1st Lieut. 25 Ind. Strang, Alfred E 2nd Lieut. 25 111. Baker, Charlie Sgt. 24 111. Brown, Troy R Sgt. 31 lU. Burroughs, C. D. Sgt. 29 III. Campbell, Geo. W Sgt. 24 IlL Etherton, Henry H Sgt. 28 111. Goostree, Herschel Sgt. 25 111. Huey, Joseph A Sgt. 34 IlL Lenzini, Joseph P Sgt. 29 IlL Martz, Walter H Sgt. 31 Mont. Simmons, Chester A Sgt. 30 lU. Gulp, Wendell Sgt. 25 IlL 30 111. 23 IlL 24 Ohio 23 Ohio 24 Iowa 23 Ohio 24 Ohio 30 Ohio 21 Md. 25 Ohio 23 Ohio 28 S. Dak 25 Ohio 23 Ohio 22 Ohio 30 Ohio 23 Ky. 22 Ohio 24 Ohio 28 Ohio 23 Ohio 26 Ohio 25 Ohio 22 Ohio 23 Ohio 25 Ohio 22 111. 30 111. 24 Ohio 24 IlL 25 Ky. 26 Ky. 30 Ohio 24 Ohio 26 111. 30 Ky. THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 135 COMPANY "C," 112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION— Cont. Name. Rank. Age. State. Hubbard, Arthur Corp. 24 111. McDonald, Clyde Corp. 27 ill. Fenimore, Merle W Corp. 23 Ohio Tanner, Herman J Corp. 24 i • Smith, Sturgis W Corp. 31 m. Gors, George H Pvt. 1st C. 21 Ky. , Dayhoff, Raymond Pvt. 1st CI. 25 Md. Alexander, Harold Pvt. 29 ^y. Bowlus, William D Pvt. 29 Ohio Brunkhorst, Edwin Pvt. 24 n Conklin, Clifford C Pvt. 26 Oh o Dangle, Charles J Pvt. 23 Ohio Emery,' Guy Pvt. 25 HL Frick, William W Pvt. 33 Ohio Hart, Homer E Pvt. Neb. Srf?m^arw^uam-P.::::::::::p:t: 29 omo Jones, Elbert Pvt. 23 i j. Johnson, Harry R Pvt. 24 J}. Jungers, Timothy Pvt. ^4 i i. Kelley, Oral — 'V'l- Ig Kv Krick, Oliver A Pvt. ^o Mastor. Nicholas Pvt. ^J ij'- Oltz, Howard R Pvt. 23 i^a. Thompson, L. D Pvt. 30 m. Throgmorton, Norman -iPvt. ^« ^^^_ Morton. Harry A r-vi. ^^ Wall, Audie Pvt- 24 HI. COMPANY "D", 112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION. Name. P-^nk. Age. State Moss, John W 1st Lieut 28 Va Cassels, James E 1st Lieut. 29 Florida Clarke, Lee A 1st Lieut. 25 Ind. Deitrich, Frederick 1st Lieut. Mitchell, Frederick 2nd Lieut. 27 111 Schoepf, Joseph Sgt. 27 Ky. Bergel, Frank J Sgt.. 28 Ky. Dixon, Charles L Sgt. 21 I . Deaton, Orbe Sgt. ^j J ■ Johnson, George R Sgt. ^4 u ^ McMillan. William R Sgt. ^« ^Y- Oakley, Fred P Sgc. 28 lU Fetgatter, Daniel J Corp. 23 Ul Fenimore Merle Corp. z Berg, Arthur W ^orp. ^" Butler, Elijah Corp. 26 IIL Traxler, Frederick J Corp. 27 Oho West, Charles L ____Corp. 22 Ohio Wright, Ray F Corp. 23 1 ■ Hill, Gilbert Cook 26 m Graf Albert Mech. 27 unio Fahrenbaker, Russell Bugler 24 1 . Newton, Jacob C Bugler 26 ill. 13G THE MACHINE GUNNERS COMPANY "D," 112th MACHINE GUN BATTALION— Cont. Name. Rank. Age. State. Avery, Loy Pvt. 1st CI. 24 111. Beery, Paul R Pvt. 1st CI. 26 Ohio Drury, Joseph Pvt. 1st CI. 22 111. Gilbert, Arthur W Pvt. 1st CI. 28 N. Y. Heinrich, John J Pvt. 1st CI. 22 Wise. Hufziger, Emil Pvt. 1st CI. 22 Ky. Jackson, Ralph E Pvt. 1st CI. 22 Ind. Peterson, Fred T Pvt. 1st CI. 22 111. Randleman, David T Pvt. 1st CI. 22 111. Wantland, Hugh C Pvt. 1st CI. 24 Ind. Ahrendt, Harold C Pvt. 1st CI. 22 Ohio Braden, Charles L Pvt. 22 Ky. Caldwell, Curtis E Pvt. 25 Ind. Hopkins, Carl A Pvt. 23 W. Va. Horstman, Heber Pvt. 23 111. Kelton, Charles Pvt. 22 111. Knutson, William J Pvt. 24 Minn. Main, Lucious C Pvt. 24 Wise. Pennill, Henry L Pvt. 23 Ohio River, John E Pvt. 29 Ohio Reed, Rov Pvt. 22 111. Walcutt, Edwin M Pvt. 23 Ohio 113th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY Name. Rank. Age. State Norton, L. F. 2nd Lieut. 111. Whittle, Carroll B 2nd Lieut. 35 Md. Butzloff, Joseph P 2nd Lieut. 22 Fla. Salomon, Leonard E 2nd Lieut. 21 La. Bevis, Clarence A Sup. Sgt. 24 Ky. Brinkman, George B Sgt. 25 Ky. Boland, Albert C Sup. Sgt. 26 Ohio Cullinan, Martin F 1st Sgt. 29 Ky. Gahr, George Sgt. 29 Ky, Gahafer, Henry P Stab. Sgt. 30 Ky. McCrea, Willard ._ Sgt. 24 Ky. Miller, Walter J Mess. Sgt. 25 Ky. D. Klesick, Winan Sgt. 25 N. J. Yontsey, Ralph H Sgt. o2 Ky. Asbell, Clyde Corp. 21 111. Austin, Howard A Corp. Bobo, William E Corp. 24 Ala. Graham, Vernon C Corp. Knowles, Ralph H Corp. 25 Mich. Newsum, Henon H Corp. Wagner, Frank Corp. 28 Bardes, Edward Mech. 30 Pa. Marschall, Nicholas Pvt, 1st CI. 25 Minn. Newell, Lewis R._ Pvt. 1st CI. 24 IlL - Newlin, George Pvt. 1st CI. Oswald, Flyod Pvt. 1st CI. 28 Ohio Peterson, William Pvt. 1st CI. 24 N. Y. Whisenhunt, Alva D Pvt. 1st CI. 26 111. Whisenhunt, Joseph Pvt. 1st CI. 23 IlL THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 137 113th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY — Cont. State. Name. Rank Allan, Alexander S Pvt. Allmond, John P Pvt. Andress, Winfield J Pvt. Ashley, Gordon M Pvt. Berwegen, George H Pvt. Beale, Homer R Pvt. Beedlow, Anthony A Pvt. Bell, William H Pvt. Beriso, Stephen Pvt. Boyle, Martin J Pvt. Brenk, William K Pvt. Briggs, William A Pvt. Brooks, Tom Pvt. Burdette, Jesse Pvt. DeMarco, Ceasare Pvt. DeMorris, Chester Pvt. Egan, Francis J Pvt. Eddington, Guy V Pvt. Erickson, Edwin J Pvt. Ford, Henry G Pvt. Freiri, John Pvt. Galluzzo, William Pvt. Hiltz, Nincent H Pvt. Hunt, Jess Pvt. Klippel, Julius H Pvt. Pfeifer, John Pvt. Spencer, John W Pvt. Stanford, Charles Pvt. Stjernhelm, Esper Pvt. Schafer, Charles F Pvt. Standard, Ralph H Pvt. Story, Albert Pvt. Sparacino, Carlo Pvt. Snary, Fred L _Pvt. Strock, Oscar . Pvt. Shaver, Clarence L , Pvt. Snyders, Clarence Pvt. Short, Willie L Pvt. Smith, Charles F Pvt. Scherer, Joseph F Pvt. Spencer, Robert W Pvt. Smith, Orville G Pvt. Velarde, Venselao Pvt. Vourdakis, Manuel Pvt. Wells, Harry E Pvt. Waxwerler, Carl R Pvt. Zelenka, Frank Pvt. Age. 25 24 25 23 25 27 27 25 24 29 27 26 25 24 28 21 24 23 Iowa Ohio Ohio 23 Ky. 23 HI. 32 Ind. 31 ni. 28 Okla. 25 New Mex, 32 Colo. 24 Okla. 25 111. 27 111. 24 111. 27 Mich. 25 111. 26 111. 23 111. 28 Texas 23 Ohio 26 Ohio 27 Mich. 28 111. 25 New. Mey. 32 111. 26 111. 28 31 111. 114th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY Name. Rank Age State Doran, Dennis L Capt. N. J. Kirchboff, Jonathan W __Capt. 26 N. J. Crauch, Alsev C 1st Lieut. 39 Ga. Graber, Otto J._ 2nd Lieut. 26 Kinna, Frank E 2nd Lieut, 32 138 THE MACHINE GUNNERS 114th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY- Name. Rank. Age. Owen, Earl C 2nd Lieut. Orcutt, Jack W 2nd Lieut. 27 Rogers, Alonzo C 2nd Lieut! 26 Turner, Fulton G 2nd Lieut. 26 Bowman, John Sgt. Bashaw, Stanley Sgt. Beightol, Evard Sgt. Brinnick, William Sgt. Erickson, Walter Sgt. Gantt, Edward G Sgt. Hansen, John Sgt. 23 Kuilema, Garrett F Sgt. Messxer, Lloyd Sgt. Russell, Carman C Sgt. Tremlbley, Edward Sgt. 26 Burgan, Elmer Corp. 23 Wilson, Ralph Sgt. 25 Lorance, Benjamin Corp. 23 LeDuke, Elmer J Corp. 23 Martanez, Vincinti Corp. 23 Peterson, Fred D Corp. 22 Streeter, James ^Corp 29 Tarver, Lloyd Corp. 27 Watkins, Allen R Corp. 27 Williams, Frank L Corp. 25 Windhurst, Frank E Corp. 22 Peterson, William ^Cook 24 Teter, William Cook 29 Kochevar, John Bugler 23 Altenbaugh, Raymond H Pvt. 1st CI. 26 Degelman, Joseph Pvt. 1st CI. 41 Doernig, John Pvt. 1st CI. 28 Gilmore, John Pvt. 1st CI. 32 Hawxhurst, Bernard Pvt. 1st CI. 25 Hyde, Adam Pvt. 1st CI. 27 Hintch, Robert Pvt. 1st CI. 24 Jarvis, Glenn Pvt. 1st CI. 31 Kennedy, Jesse Pvt. 1st CI. 27 Karch, John W Pvt. 1st CI. 25 Lockwood, James H Pvt. 1st CI. 30 Martin, William Pvt. 1st CI. Moreland, William F Pvt. 1st CI. Morrison, Horace Pvt. 1st CI. McGehee, Roy W Pvt. 1st CI. Merris, Walter Pvt. 1st CI. McAllister, Jesse Pvt. 1st CI. 24 McDaniel, Enos Pvt. 1st CI. 29 Millhellin, Leroy E Pvt. 1st CI. 25 Penfield, Melvin H Pvt. 1st CI. Padilla, Jese Pvt. 1st CI. Post, James ^^.Pvt. 1st CI. Pratt, Benjamin H _Pvt. 1st CI. 25 Rivers, Bert M ^^_Pvt. 1st CI. Redbum, Roy Pvt. 1st CL 25 Stevenson, Floyd B Pvt. 1st CI. 22 Sones, Guy F Pvt. 1st CL 25 Sennemaer, Frank Pvt. 1st CI. 25 -Cont. State. Ala. Florida Iowa Texas Minn. Texas Minn. Colo. Pa. N. J. Ky. Calif. Ohio Iowa 111. 111. Ind. S. Dak. Ohio Ky. Neb. Ohio in. Ark. THE BLUE AND GRAY DIVISION 139 114th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY— Cont. Name. Rank. Age. State. Stevens, Robert Pvt. 1st CI. Taylor, George Pvt. 1st CI. Taylor, Frank M Pvt. 1st CI. Weber, Raymond W Pvt. 1st CI. Welch, Jesse Pvt. 1st CI. Wilbanks, William B Pvt. 1st CI. Wilbanks, Earl Pvt. 1st CI. Best, Welden Pvt. Baker, Joseph N Pvt. Brammer, Avery Pvt. Cole, David B Pvt. Davis, Eugene Pvt. Derose, Dominick Pvt. Davis, Ernest Pvt. Duncan, Samuel Pvt. Flynn, Michael Pvt. Foss, Charles Pvt. Franklin, Bud Pvt. Giammias, Kostis Pvt. Giles, Jesse D Pvt. Gilliland, Americus Pvt. Glasscock, Emmett Pvt. Grissen, Edgar Pvt. Jackson, Edgar Pvt. Jones, William C Pvt. Johnson, Jesse H Pvt. Kraft, Wesley Pvt . Lawson, James Pvt. Lauer, Henry H Pvt. Laycock, Percy Pvt. McDermett, Robert F Pvt. Padden, Floyd Pvt. Pritza, Eli Pvt. Rowsey, Elmer ____Pvt. Rhodes, Len J Pvt. Ritzus, Michel Prt. Smith, David Pvt. Sparks, Johnie P Pvt. Stanich, Christ Pvt. Stork, Joseph Pvt. Skiner, Tom W Pvt. Smith, Lennie Pvt. Stewart, Thomas Pvt. Tackett, John Pvt. Tiesaskia, Elias Pvt. Taylor, Walter J Pvt. Travis, Brents Pvt. Vaughan, Shaefer Pvt . Visage, Reno Pvt. Woodward, Charles Pvt. Williams, John N Pvt. Wassen, Herman Pvt. Warkentin, Herman Pvt. Washmen, Silas C Pvt. Williams, Johny N. Pvt. Weil, Edmund Pvt. 22 26 26 26 27 32 Ohio 25 Ky. 26 24 22 28 Colo. 29 N. J. 24 N. Y. 26 Ariz. 28 Colo. 27 Okla. 32 Ark. 25 Texas 25 24 Texas 25 Okla. 28 22 N. Y. 25 30 Okla. 26 Texas 26 N. J. 25 N.. Y. 24 Colo. 25 30 Okla. 26 Colo. 25 26 27 Kansas 22 Texas 27 Texas 24 Ohio 26 26 24 Okla. 23 Okla. 22 Okla. 36 Colo. 32 N. J. 23 Texas 25 23 Okla. 31 Texas 24 25 Ohio 140 THE MACHINE GUNNERS 116th REGIMENTAL MACHINE GUN COMPANY. Name. Rank. Age. State King, Joseph L. 2nd Lieut. 27 Va. Mcintosh, Moore C 2nd Lieut. 29 Ind. Ahren, Chris J Corp. 24 Ohio Pearson, John K Corp. 23 La. Callahan, John M Sgt. 28 Ohio Culp, Wendell Sgt. 24 111. McMillan, William R Sgt. 27 Ky. Durham, John Bugler 24 Florida Benton, Glenn Fvt. 24 Calif. Covault, George C Pvt. 24 Ind. Durham, Edward Pvt. 25 Ind. Kyte, John A Pvt. 35 Ohio Kuhlman, Fred L Pvt. 26 Iowa Lett, Robert B Pvt. 26 Va. Morgan, Daniel Pvt. 23 S. Dak. Meersten, George E Pvt. 24 New. Mex. Mangel, Henry J Pvt. 27 Iowa Milburn, Charley Pvt. 25 IlL Mclntyre, Harry M Pvt. 26 Colo. Mastasio, Vincenzo Pvt. 27 . N. Y. Pressman, Peter Pvt. 26 Iowa Povondra, Joseph J Pvt. 26 Neb. Perry, Abe J Pvt. 25 111. Pebbles, Myron O Pvt. 24 Ind. Rose, Homer McK. Pvt. 28 Texas Romine, Fred E Pvt. 28 Ind. Smith, Henry L Pvt. 42 Iowa Santoro, Domenico Pvt. 25 N. Y. Schlichting, John Pvt. 24 Iowa Schnieder, Edward Pvt. 25 Iowa Scroggie, Otto T Pvt. 26 Iowa Sturtevant, Harold S Pvt. 23 Iowa Steiger, John R Pvt. 26 Texas Shirk, Curtis W Pvt. 25 Iowa Tadlock, Jess M Pvt. 20 Neb. Thompson, Bert Pvt. 24 Iowa Toner, John B Pvt. 24 Iowa Tieck, Henry Pvt. 26 Iowa Van Essen, Arthur Pvt. 24 Iowa Vilimek, Frank J Pvt. 28 Iowa Winslow, Earl E Pvt. 27 Iowa Wischweh, Fred Pvt. 24 Iowa Walker, Frank I Pvt. 27 Iowa West, John B Pvt. 24 Okla. Webb, Geroge E Pvt. 25 Kansas White, Kenneth X Pvt. 27 Iowa Wheaton, James W Pvt. 23 Iowa Young, Archie L Pvt. 25 Okla. Harford Printing and Publishing Company Aberdeen, Md Bel Air, Md. H 46-79 ll -^ A^ > .0 'J .f^ ^ ^sut :^. >, ^ s • • ^ H'' ^'i^J \>-~ * aS" -^j^ '^^^ ^^^y ^^\. ^^^^^ '^''\ ".^i^,^ ^ /.4^y7;^', ^ .0 .0 ■A. > V Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process. vi> ^■<(' Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide '^^v Treatment Date: y^Y 2001 PreservationTechnologies <^^ A WORLD LEADER IN PAPER PRESERVATION ■^ " • • • %^ 111 Thomson Patk Drive 1^ - ' •* Cranberry Township. PA 16066 '^'T. . t^^' ^V./Z^^% (724,779-2111 p W-' ^ °^ ^^ *" iT"^ V i'-. \ ^ y^j: o LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 007 692 133 7