Class Book COPYRtGOT DEPOSIT Chicacio: poole bros., pkintkr? 1 S90. f A HAND BOOK OF THE SOUTH Issued and Copyku;hted i/ BY THE Pennsvi.vama Lines West of Pittsburcjh. r , ii \-ZI5 The Information Contained in this Hand-Book has been collected for the Passenger Department of the Pennsyl- vania Lines West of Pittsburgh, from authentic sources, verified by personal observation and research and confirmed by persons thoroughly familiar with the cities and country described. The maps of the different cities have been prepared from recent and approved data and verified by the respective city engineers. The figures indicating population are, in round numbers, those of the United States Census for 1890. E. A. FORD, General Passenger Agent. PlTTSHUKGH, Pa., November ist, iSqo. NDEX. Map of the Pennsylvania System of Railways 6 The Pennsylvania Lines in Relation to the South 8 Map of the Pennsylvania Lines in connection with the Southern Railroads lo Train Schedules with Maps of Chicago and New York 72 Representatives of the Passenger Department 83 PAtiE. Aiken. S. C 38 Alabama ^S Altamonte Springs, Fla — 5^ Anniston, Ala 58 Asheville. N. C .V' Atlanta, Ga 2C) Map of .>o Augusta, Ga 31 Bartow Junction, Fla 56 Bay St. Louis, Miss 67 Bessemer, Ala 59 Biluxi, Miss ()s Birmingham, Ala ^i.) lirooksville, Fla 56 Brunswick, Ga 31 Camden. S. C 39 Cedar Keys. Fla ^2 Charleston, S. C 39 Map of 40 Chattahoochee. Fla 50 Chattanooga, Tenn 23 ■■ Map of. . 22 Cincinnati. 14 .Map of If; Columbia, S. C 42 Cumberland Falls, Ky 20 Cumberland Island, Ga 29 Daytona, Fla 57 Decatur, Alu |;9 DeFuniak Springs. Fla 49 DeLand, F'.a ^3 Enterprise, Fla 54 Enterprise Junction, Fla. . . •14 Eustis, Fla 56 Fernandina, Fla 51 Florida 43 Fort Mason, F"la ^(i Fort Payne, Ala 59 Gainesville, Fla 52 Georgia 28 (Jrccn Cove Springs, Fla 52 Greenville, S. C 42 PAGE. Hot Springs, N. C 37 Huntsville, Ala 60 Jackson, Miss 64 Jacksonville, Fla 44 " Map of 46 Jekyl Island, Ga 2q Jupiter, Fla 54 Kentucky 17 Kissimmee, Fla ;6 Knoxville, Tenn 23 Lake City, Fla 51 Lakeland, Fla 56 Lake Worth, Fla 54 Lane Park, Fla 56 Leesburg, Fla ;6 Lexington, Ky 20 Louisville, Ky 17 Map of 18 Macon, Ga 32 Madison, Fla 50 Magnolia, Fla 52 Maitland, Fla 55 Mammoth Cave, Ky 19 Marianna, Fla 50 Marietta, Ga 32 Melbourne, Fla ■;4 Memphis, Tenn 25 Map of 26 Meridian, Miss 64 Middlcsborough, Ky 20 Mississippi 63 Mississippi City, Miss 66 Mobile, .Ma 61 Map of 62 Montgomery, .\la 60 Monticello, Fla 50 Nashville, Tenn 23 " Map of. . . 24 Natchez.. Miss 64 New Orleans. La 68 Map of 69 New .Smyrna, Fla 54 North Carolina 36 PAGE. Ocala, Fla 52 Ocean Springs. Miss 6^ Orange City Junction, Fla.. 53 t)rlando, Fla 55 Ormond, Fla 57 Palatka. Fla 53 Pass Christian. Miss 66 Pemberton Ferry, Fla 56 Pensacola, Fla 49 Punta Gorda, Fla 56 Quincy, Fla 50 Raleigh, N. C 37 River Junction, Fla ^o Rochelle. Fla 56 Kockledge, F'la 54 St. .\ugustine, Fla 4^ St. Simons Island, Ga 29 Sanford, Fla 55 Savannah, Ga 33 Map of 34 .Scranton, Miss 65 Seville, Fla 5^ Sheffield, Ala 59 Silver Spring, Fla 51 .Somerset, Ky 20 South Carolina t,S -Spartanburg, S. C 42 .Summerville, S. C 41 Tallahassee, Fla 50 Tampa, Fla >6 Tavares, Fla 52 Tennessee 21 Thomasville, Ga 35 Titusville, Fla 54 Vicksburg, Miss 64 Wakulla, Fla vo Waldo, Fla 51 Waveland, Miss 67 Welborn, Fla 50 Wilmington, N. C 37 Winter I^ark, Fla 55 The Pennsylvania ■ Connecting to and from the South throuc VI OF Railways jATEWAYS OF CINCINNATI AND LOUISVILLE. THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES IN RELATION TO THE SOUTH. Y REASON of their situation in the commercial and indus- trial center of the United States, the lines included in the Pennsylvania System of Railways form not only the shortest and most direct routes between the principal cities of the East and West, but are the preferable highways between the cities and towns that lie north of the Ohio River and the territory south thereof. It was by the managing ofificers of the Pennsylvania Lines that arrangements were first made for the conduct of through traf^fic between the North and the South. With the growth of this trafific their accommodations have improved, their relations with Southern railroads have become closer, and the knowledge that is gained by long experience enables their repre- sentatives to give thorough information regarding, and to make complete arrangements for, a journey either of individuals or parties. Trains of the Pennsylvania Lines running direct to Cincinnati and Louisville, connecting therein with through trains of the Southern railroads, give to residents of Chicago, Indianapolis, Columbus, Cleveland, Pittsburgh; of the intermediate towns and cities and the country contiguous thereto, as well as to inhab- itants of the North and Northwest, opportunity for a journey under the most favorable conditions to any business center, health or pleasure resort south of the Ohio River. During the winter, when the south-bound train-schedules are quickest, tourist tickets are sold to certain points at reduced rates, permitting an extended tour in the shortest time and at the least expense. Trains of the Pennsylvania Lines leaving Cincinnati and Louis- ville after the arrival of trains of the Southern railroads that HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 9 lead from Florida, Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, the C.irolinas, Tennessee and Kentucky, offer to travelers from those States excellent facilities for reaching with tlie least delay and the great- est comfort the cities and towns of Ohio and Indiana, the lumber centers and summer resorts of the Michigan Peninsula, the cities of Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, Minneapolis, the thriving towns and the beautiful lakes and dells of Wisconsin and Iowa. During the summer months excursion tickets are sold by the railway com- panies of the South to Northern resorts, over the Pennsylvania Lines via either Louisville or Cincinnati. Passengers from New Orleans, Mobile, Montgomery, .\tlanta, Chattanooga, Memphis, Nashville and the intervening cities and towns by taking express trains of the Louisville «& Nashville Railroad or the Oueen & Crescent Route will make immediate connection through Louisville or Cincinnati with the fast express trains of the Pennsylvania Lines for Pittsburgh. Harrisburg, Bal- timore, Washington, Philadelphia and New York. P>om Phila- delphia trains run at short intervals every day to Atlantic City, Cape May, Berkeley, Barnegat, Spring Lake, Asbury Park. Long Branch and the other well known resorts of the New Jersey coast. Through New York connection is made for all places in the Catskill, Adirondack, Green and White Mountains; with steamers of the Fall River Line for Newport, Fall River and Boston; for Nantucket. Martha's Vineyard and the various places of summer sojourn along the coast of .Maine and Massachusetts. AY\-- 'r,. ^i M- {^ ■~tt -#- $11 »/ yu a« A- J» '^^ ^ 4- l^ ? S ui s ^ -;,. 5 5« 1 1 ii 3 Li y?^^*-"' - x'^iy-'^^^jh Pi'fif ': ■^ . ^^H^-^jf^ „ lY \^^ 1 V ■K^/^L-iC-c* 7 ljM~-i^ 'Si ■ rt vn^P^fTp W^' \ iM Ji^\^°^ f^^") i-^--^ 1 ?^V' i \ ^i" ■= r"^ It ' ^ I * eg; * ^^^ c ' 1 e- £ 4-^ /? " ^ f, X-^3 /- '^ ♦^1 .~^s-.^ f- ,"v *" - i Ci -4 / . r.'' 0-4 'p '^j^ ^, y^'^ V V j^^'^ j.' f^J/ •J ^^A'"^ y«^ :i ii( v& '•• / ^ • CO \ HE glamour of ihd pasi, the beauty of tlie,^ pres- ent arid tlie proinlse gf tlie future giv© to tliat ^ ;-;" ;■?;'/, portion of tlie Fnited States which lies soutli of the Ohio anii - ■ f the Mississippi Eivers a triple charm. Fron^ i.: time of Ponce De Leon and Hernando De Soto ii has been the land (if ixananoe as well as the scene of tragedy, Linked in history is the fountain of perpetual youth that never was found, with the fountain of blood from which has sprung the New South that, during the past decade, working with the vigor of youth in fields and mines has laid the industrial and commei'cial foundations of a life that will surpass" the glory of even that olden Time, whose memories Ihiger in -the great country houses wnth wide porticoes, and in the' city by-W'ays where lightly stepped the Southern belles. In this region is scenery of peculiar beauty. The forests of pine and fields that in the ainnmn are wliite with cotton bolls descend on one side to green and flowering savannas or groves of tlie sunny fruits of tiie tropics, and on the other rise to liighlands of Alpine grandeur. The climate ranges from the ever cool and bracing atmosphere of the mountains, through tlie pleasingly even temperature of the middle land to where, nearer the salt water, whether on the side of the ocean or that of the gulf, the winter air of Arcadian mildness appeals with greatest delight to him who, after flying from biting wind and blus- tering storm, is awakened by a faint, fresh breeze that, giving the gentlest waver . . to the curtain past 'w,///>f^ which it softly ikAj . >;•■• ^x.V^i;^>>^'' steals,brings the ^:M/ ""' ' ' ="''^r^?pr;;-^ scent of flom- ers from beds ;■ \ .^./if'^Uiij.^]; :]i^f|4''''l W that are bathed '"' -■^<-^:::^^^-''''' '''^^%%^'-X 7.^'sM'L . in sunlight. '^^^, ■--^)^^'^^'"5^--^r.. PV-^ NCI NN ATI. Ohio, one of the termini of the Pennsvlvama Lines, through which connection is made with trains of the southern railroads, is one of the most pict- uresque cities on the American continent and one of exceeding interest to visitors. The settle- ment on the present site was made in 1788 and the city was incorpor- ated in 1814. At present it extends "^ " " for ten miles along the Ohio River and three miles back upon the hills that rise in terraces from its edge, having, with the adjoining suburbs, a population of 297,000. Cincinnati is a most important commercial and manufacturing center, being the entrepot for large sections of Ohio. Indiana and Illinois, as well as of Kentucky and Tennessee, and an extensive producer of iron, furniture,, boots and shoes, clothing, buggies, machinery and steamboats, and maintaining a foremost place for its pork-packing industry. In the portion of the city immediately adjoining the river are the business streets containing many splendid buildings, while the most beautiful residences are on the surrounding hill-top suburbs of Clifton, Avondale, Mount Auburn, Price's Hill and Walnut Hills. Conspicuous of the public buildings are, the massive structure erected by the United States Government, the County Court House, the City Hall, the beautiful Chamber of Commerce, the Public Library, the building of the Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation and Springer Music Hall, which contains one of the largest organs in the world. The Emery Arcade is worth a visit and the Tyler-Davidson Fountain, cast in Munich, at a cost of nearly two hundred thousand dollars, is one of the most notable works of art in America, as is also the "St. Peter Delivered," by Murillo, that surmounts the altar of Carrara marble in the mag- nificent Cathedral of St. Peter. Prominent of the other churches CINCINNATI 15 l6 THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES are that of St. Xavier, also Catholic; St. Paul's (Episcopal); St. Paul's (Methodist) and the Hebrew Synagogue. Cincinnati is noteworthy as an educational center. The College of Music, possessing a most efficient faculty, is largely attended. The University of Cincinnati, the Law School, the Ohio Medical College and the Miami Medical College are also eminently suc- cessful institutions. The Cincinnati School of Design has a corps of excellent instructors and connected with its buildmg is the magnificent structure of the Cincinnati Art Museum Association, which contains paintings, sculpture and articles of virtu. Both of these buildings are in Eden Park, which commands beautiful views from the hill on which it is situated. Other resorts of Cincinnati are the Zoological Gardens, containing one of the finest collections in the country, and the hill-tops from which are obtained magnificent views of the city, the river and the surround- ing country. The Suspension Bridge connecting Cincinnati with Covington is a famous structure. The large portion of Cincinnati's population that is German or of German descent, lives north of the Miami Canal in the region designated "Over the Rhine," where are German business houses, dwellings, theatres and churches, beer gardens and beer vaults. The principal hotels of Cincinnati conducted on the American plan are the Burnet House, Grand Hotel and the Gibson. The St. Nicholas and the Hotel Emery are on the European plan and the St. Clair Hotel offers choice of either. The best restaurants are those of the St. Nicholas, Women's Exchange -and the Glencairn. Horse and cable cars starting from Fountain Square run to all parts of Cincinnati and suburbs, including Covington and New- port, Kentucky. Omnibuses run between the depots and hotels; fare twenty-five cents. Hacks may be procured per trip within the limits of Freeman Avenue, Liberty Street, Eggleston Avenue and the river at fifty cents each passenger, or at one dollar and fifty cents for the first and one dollar for each additional hour. The Cincinnati Cab Company, within the limits just described, charges twenty-five cents per trip per passenger without stops. ■#^, ^^ lENTUCKYhasanareaof 40,400 square miles. In the southeast the hind is i*> , i'*'^ ** ' >iS^Sl! C (he north and west in up- lands that extend over more than half the State, including the "IJlue Grass" " region, famous as the most miportant horse and cattle- raising district in the United States and for its wealth of ^ -__^^ ^_ agricultural products generally. ^^^S^ West of the uplands the surface sinks to a level that extends to the Mississippi River. The climate of the State generally is mild and healthful. Kentucky produces corn, wheat, oats, flax, hemp and tobacco. There are coal and iron mines in the hill regions and salt is an important product. Natural gas is also found in certain parts of the State, is piped to the city of Louisville and utilized to a considerable extent. LOUISVILLE, the chief city of Kentucky, one of the gate- ways through which the Pennsylvania Lines lead to and from the South, is no miles from Indianapolis via the Pennsylvania Line -Jeffersonville, Madison & Indianapolis Railroad— and no miles from Cincinnati via the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. Its site is on a level plain at the foot of hills that recede from the bed of the Ohio River, which is here broken by a ledge of corniferous and Niagara limestone over which the tumbling water forms the Falls of the Ohio. Its population is 161,000; the hotels are the Gait House, Louisville Hotel, Alexander's and Fifth Avenue Hotel. Louisville is the largest leaf tobacco and one of the largest live-stock markets in the world, and is the distributing market for the various kinds of Kentucky whisky. Pork-packing, the manufacture of agricultural implements, furni- [5i:;3ie Grayaon yVuiiul" Maduml Ctiestnut I ; : ' :JI TICKET C ■'-''TV-rfV;,'": r VoTs'e" , 'Jeffe'rift'n Alexander Hote|. ■ ; ■ ' fl Buckingham Theatre 'Greih St."; *;~''*'"'VJvV,j^ ij uisiciftiTOM HoiiJiT **• St.Paul pass; depotb AiMiimt \St. L.-jLiiu,r,in : St. Kentucky -\ Cathedral;! ^^fct^g Episcopal* I ,,,S<>^"'" •■PMacaulejsThtatrr •'""'"■" . Wjlmn I j j I MitdtHon I : : Broadway Metb.Chut|cligB ' Warren Memorial Church | Preaby. \Or„„\ \i^Hoax:\ta\ LOUISVILLE. HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 19 ture, iron pipe and cement are also important interests. The city contains several public buildings, most conspicuous among which are the City Hall, Custom House and Court House. The business blocks are substantial; the residences notably hand- some, and on many streets are surrounded by lawns orna- mented with flowers and shrubbery. There is an excellent public library and a geological and natural history museum con- taining one hundred thousand specimens. In the surrounding country are found as great a variety of fossils as at any place in the world, and the limestone bed of the river at low water is the finest collecting ground for corals in the United States. Just cast of the city limits is Cave Hill Cemetery, where is the tomb of and monument to George D. Prentice. MAMMOTH CAVE is reached by thirteen miles ride over a branch railroad from Glasgow Junction, a station on the Louisville & Nashville Railroad, 200 miles from Cincinnati and ninety miles from Louisville. The Mammoth Cave and Niagara Falls share the honor of being the "greatest natural wonders of America"— the one the expression of mighty and enduring force, the other the embodiment of everlasting calm. In the light of day shine the glories of one; by the faint flicker of a miner's lamp are revealed the exhaustless marvels of the other. Bayard Taylor closes his account of a visit to the Cave with this oft quoted paragraph: " I have been twelve hours under ground, but I have gained an age in a strange and hitherto unknown world; an age of won- derful experience and an exhaustless store of sublime and lovely memories. Before taking a final leave of the> Mammoth Cave, however, let me assure those who have followed me through it that no description can do justice to its sublimity or present a fair picture of its manifold wonders. It is the greatest natural curiosity I have ever visited, Niagara not excepted, and he whose expectations are not satisfied by its marvelous avenues, domes and starry grottoes must either be a fool or a deniigf)d." Accommodations may be secured at the Mammoth Cave Hotel and every arrangement made for a visit to the Cave within 20 THE PENXSVLVAXIA LIXES which the temperature remains at fifty-tive degrees throughout the year. LEXINGTON is ninety-four miles from Louisville via the Louisville & Nashville Railroad and seventy-nine miles from Cin- cinnati, from which it is reached via the Queen & Crescent Route and Kentucky Central Railroad. With a population of 23,000 it is the commercial center of the Blue Grass region, a distributing point for agricultural products and one of the most celebrated markets for tine horses in the world. The streets are regularly laid out, well paved, well shaded and lined with many handsome residences. The principal hotel is the Phoenix. Two miles from Lexington is Ashland, the home of Henry Clay. MIDDLESBOROUGH, 215 miles from Louisville via the Louisville & Nashville Railroad, is just below the point where the mountains are pierced by the Cumberland Gap. The country in its vicinity contains coal, iron and other valuable minerals. There is a hotel of modern construction at Middlesborough commanding good views of the surrounding picturesque scenery. Somerset, 158 miles south of Cincinnati on the Queen & Crescent Route, a village of 2,500 population, is in the iron and coal belt of the State, where has also been found oil and gas. Cumberland Falls is a station on the Queen & Crescent Route, 180 miles from Cincinnati, from which by a stage ride through the mountain forest is reached the Cum.berland Falls Hotel, located a few yards from and overlooking the Falls of the Cumberland River. LNNIlbbllL. has an area of 42,050 square miles. The lands of the region known as West Tennessee, which extend from the Mississippi to the Tennessee River, are of varied contour, ranging from the bottoms immediately along the Mississippi to the highlands known as the Tennessee Ridge, which slope to the valley of the Tennessee River. These lands produce cotton, corn, wheat and tobacco, and a large area is devoted to marketable fruits. East of the Tennessee River are the lands of the western division of the Highland Rim, comprising the iron region of the State. East of these is the Nashville or Central Basin of farming lands, comprising fourteen counties, with a population of 475,000, wherein are grown grains and grasses as well as cotton. At the eastern edge of this basin begins the eastern slope of the Highland Rim, whereon are grown fruits, vegetables and tobacco. Next are the Cumberland Mountains with their vast coal lields, the best of which are yet to be developed. Extending into the plateau of the Cumberland Mountains northeastward from the Alabama line is Sequatchie Valley, about sixty-Hve miles in length and from two to seven miles wide, on the western slope of which are found coal-beds, and on the eastern slope iron ores, while the land between is of high agricultural value. Next east- ward is the Valley of East Tennessee, a succession of mountains and valleys of rich agricultural lands. Immense forests of ex- cellent hardwood timber and iron ores abound along the entire western slope. Next is the Unaka or mountain region, which pre- sents most exquisite scenery. The climate throughout the entire State of Tennessee is generally healthful and is not characterized by extremes of temperature. ^^— Railroad Lines ..... Electric Railroad . Incline Railroad Streets & Other Roads l.Milc, CHATTANOOGA HAND-BOOK. OF THE SOUTH. 23 CHATTANOOGA, situated on the southern liank of a bcntl in the Tennessee River, is 335 miles south of Cincinnati, via the Queen & Crescent Route, and 151 miles southeast of Nashville, via the Nashville, Chattanooi^a & St. Louis Railway. Its popu- lation of 30,000 people is largely engaged in iron mills, blast fur- naces, cotton factories and the manufacture of lumber. It is also the distributing point for a large section of surrounding country. The approach to Chattanooga via the (2ueen & Crescent Route is through scenery remarkable for its beauty and its historic asso- ciation. Immediately north of the city the train runs along the valley east of Walden's Ridge, the scene of Rosecran's campaign, passes the point of Sherman's attack on Missionary Ridge, the slopes stormed by Thomas and comes to a halt in Chattanooga within sight of Lookout Mountain, where was fought Hooker's " Battle Above the Clouds." The ascent and tour of Lookout Mountain may be made by steam railway. From its summit, 2,000 feet above sea-level, where is " Lookout Inn," with accommodations for 2,000 guests, is obtained a view extending over 500 miles and including portions of seven States. The principal hotels of Chattanooga are the Read House, Stanton House and Southern Hotel. KNOXVILL.E, a city of a population of 23,000, is situated on a series of high hills overlooking the Tennessee River, in the exact center of the Valley of East Tennessee. In the vicinity of extensive coal and iron mines, of Tennessee marble quarries and the center of a great hardwood timber belt, it is of con- siderable importance for its iron, wool and cotton industries. Knoxville commands a view of the Smoky Mountains; is near the Alleghany Springs, Hot Springs, Tate Spring, Montvale Springs and other resorts of the Cumberland Range. It is 307 miles from Cincinnati via the Queen & Crescent Route and Harriman Junc- tion, and 267 miles from Louisville via the Louisville ^: Nashville Railroad ami Jrllico. NASHVILLE is built upon sloping land on both l)anks of tin.- Cumberland River that here is spanned by a magnilicent iron NASHVILLE. 24 HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 25 bridge. It is 185 miles south of Louisville and 295 miles southeast of Cincinnati, via the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. With a population of 76,000, it is of considerable commercial importance, being the most prominent lumber market south of the Ohio River, and its manufactures are extensive and varied. The city is regu- larly laid out with granite-paved streets, supplied with water from a reservoir which cost S8oo,ooo, well drained, well governed, and its entire area is penetrated by fifty-six miles of electric street- car lines. It is the seat of the State Capitol, an imposing building which overlooks the city from Capitol Hill; of \'anderbilt Univer- sity; Fisk University for colored students; the Peabody Normal Colleges, and various other public and educational institutions. The Watkins Institute contains the Howard Library, the collec- tions of the Tennessee Historical Society and the Nashville Art Association. On December 15th and i6th, 1864, an attack upon Nashville by the Confederate army under General Hood was repulsed by the Federal forces commanded by General Thomas. The principal hotels are the Maxwell House, Duncan Hotel, Nicholson House and Linck's Hotel. Polk Place, where is the home of President Polk, is near the center of the city, and ten miles east is Hermitage, the home of Andrew Jackson. Nashville is the center of a region noted for its fine stock farms. At Belle Meade Farm, six miles west of the city, is held every spring a sale of blooded hovses, and the West Side Park Association holds races in the spring and autumn. MEMPHIS is situated on the Chickasaw Bluff on the east side of the Mississippi River, at the head of all-thc-year-round navi- gation. Its population of 65,000 ranks it the largest and most important city on the river between St. Louis and New Orleans, and it is the site of the only bridge that crosses the river between those cities. It is the largest inland cotton market, and of the cotton markets of the world it is second only to New Orleans. Being the distributing point for an extensive region of fertile country, it has an enormous traffic by water and by the railroads that radiate in every direction. There are numerous manu- MEMPHIS. 16 HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 27 facturing establishments, those producing cotton-seed oil being of chief importance. The population of Memphis increased 125 per cent, in the nine years following 1880, and its development along all the lines of prosperity was correspondingly rapid, the volume of business in 1889 amounting to $200,000,000, which exhibits an astonishingly high ratio of activity to the population. The entire city is supplied with water from artesian wells; the well laid out streets are lined with handsome buildings, and there are many stately residences with beautiful lawns. The view obtained from Chickasaw Bluff is fine, and often at sunrise or sunset possesses a sublime beauty. The vast expanse of water and the alluvial bordering land reach to the horizon, while the atmosphere pre- serves with peculiar brilliancy the effects of the sun on cloud and river. Memphis is 377 miles from Louisville via the Louisville tJc Nashville Railroad, and its principal hotels are the Peabody, Guyosa and Gastins. EORGIA has an area of 59,980 square miles that is extremely varied both as to the quality of its soil and the altitude of its surface. By reason of its great extent in latitude, the climate is of remarkable range, while the agricul- tural as well as the min- eral products are exceed- - ingly heterogeneous, the =■"" fruits and flowers of the sub -tropics in many places growing side by side with those characteristic of the farther north. The irregular coast of about one hundred miles along the Atlantic Ocean is low and marshy, extending to and embracing the Okefinokee Swamp of about 180 miles in circuit in the southeast corner of the State. It is productive of rice and long staple cotton; gives growth to the cypress, live and water-oak, gum, ash and palmetto trees. Back from the coast is a succession of savannas covered with the tall, long-leafed pine, and in the spring and early summer with an enchanting profusion of wild flowers. From thirty to forty miles inland the land suddenly rises to a height of seventy-five or one hundred feet, and this terrace extends almost to the center of the State, comprising over 10,000 square miles of sandy soil that is covered with pine forests, except where cultivated for the production of cotton. . North of this region the surface rises by another terrace to a height of about 600 feet at the center of the State, forming the great cotton-belt of Georgia. Here are also grown corn, wheat, tobacco, grasses, peaches, apples, bananas, grapes, plums and melons, and many varieties of berries, while the forests are of pine, oak, chestnut and hickory. Northern Georgia consists of hills that display the rocks of the Huronian and Laurentian groups of the Archiean HAND-BOOK OP" THE SOUTH. 29 age and terminate in the noble range of the Blue Ridge, where are presented landscapes of great beauty. At places in this northern region cotton is grown with success, as well as corn and wheat, and there are trees of oak, pine, maple, cedar, poplar and hickory. Northwestern Georgia is crossed by a vein of copper and by the gold belt that extends from the Potomac in Virginia to northwestern Alabama. In the mountains are also found iron, lead, manganese, mica, granite and marble. The climate of southern Georgia, although rather debilitating in summer, in the winter is delightful and of great benefit to con- sumptives, who resort to the pine woods in increasing numbers every year. The days are bright and sunny, the atmosphere dry and balmy, and there are no sudden changes in the temperature. The climate of middle Georgia is not excelled by that of the most favored spots of the earth. Protected by the Appalachian range from the biting northwestern winds, the temperature from December until April averages about forty-seven degrees, and during the summer months the average indication of the ther- mometer is at seventy-nine. The temperature of the mountains of northern Georgia is somewhat lower than that of the central belt in winter and also in summer, when they are resorted to by sufferers from malaria and fever. Bordering the indented sea coast of Georgia arc numerous islands on which sea island cotton is grown, together with oranges, figs, pomegranates and olives, and wild fowl are found in great numbers. Prominent among these islands are Cumber- land (Cumberland Island Hotel); Jekyl, where is the Jckyl Island Club House, and St. Simon's (St. Simon's Hotel), which are noted as places of resort. ATLANTA, the capital of Georgia, an important railroad center, conspicuous as an enterprising mercantile iity and the site of over five hundred manufactories of widely diversified products, is reached from Chattanooga (140 miles) by the Western & Atlantic Railroad and the East Tennessee, \'irginia & Georgia Railway. The citv is beautifullv located at an altitude of 1,100 feet above the ATLANTA. 30 HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 3« sea; it is clean and generally well paved, and has a population of 65,000. The State House, City Hall and Custom House are striking edifices. The siege of Atlanta is memorable in that the occupancy of the city by General Sherman, on September 2d, 1864, was the death-blow to the Confederate cause. A granite monument in the native forest southwest of the city marks the spot whence the horse of General McPherson trotted riderless to the Federal camp. The hotels are the H. I. Kimball House and Hotel Markham. AUGUSTA is 171 miles from Atlanta via the Georgia Rail- road, and on the southern bank of the Savannah River, which is navigable to this point. It has a population of 35,000, is a place of considerable commercial importance and the site of large cotton factories, which are supplied by the river with a fine water- power. The city has a quaint, old-fashioned beauty, given by broad, clean streets, avenues lined by live-oaks, old houses with wide verandas embowered in semi-tropical shrubs and flowers, lovely parks and drives. Two miles to the west are the famous Augusta Sand Hills, where is the United States Arsenal, for which this location was chosen because the air is so dry that the polished arms do not rust or tarnish, and the climate is soothing and healing to those suffering from nervous trouble or ailment of the lungs. On the Sand Hills is also the excellent Hotel Bon Air, with accommodations for 250 guests. The principal hotels within the city are the Arlington and the Planters, and good board may be had in private families. In the Pine and Sand Region arc Grovetown (Hotel Rosland), fifteen miles west of Augusta, and Harlem, twenty-five miles west of Augusta. Sixty-five miles from Augusta, on the Georgia Railroad, is Hillman, the electric health resort. BRUNSWICK, with a resident population of 8,500, is situated on the Atlantic Coast, seventy miles north of Jacksonville and sixty miles south of Savannah. It is 279 miles from Atlanta via the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railway, and is reached via Albanv bv the Brunswick cS: Western Railroad. Its beautiful 32 THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES harbor not only adds to its attractiveness as a winter resort, but gives it increasing prominence as an important port for the shipment of cotton and other products. The city is beauti- fully laid out with well-made roads and fine parks, shaded with trees of live-oak, magnolia and bay, a number of which were planted by Gen. Oglethorpe, by whom the city was founded,- and it is supplied with sweet, pure water from artesian wells. Arms of the sea stretch far into the interior on either side of Brunswick, giving fine opportunity for sailing and rowing, and along the harbor is a magnificent driveway. The climate is salubrious, the temperature even. The county of Glynn, in which Brunswick is situated, contains deer, wild turkey, foxes, squirrels, quail and snipe, and in the water abound fish of many varieties, including the game sea-trout. The principal hotel is the excellent Ogle- thorpe. MACON is beautifully situated on hills bordering the Ocmulgee River, near the center of Georgia, about ninety miles to the south- east of Atlanta, from which it is reached by the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railway and the Central Railroad of Georgia. It is within reach of the wholesome breezes of the pine forests, is well drained and enjoys pure water from powerful springs that force up from under the hills about 2,000,000 gallons per day. The population of 23,000 people are engaged in extensive com- mercial and manufacturing industries, and it is the center of the Georgia fruit-belt. It is the seat of Mercer University, Wesleyan Female College, the State Asylum for the Blind, and its claim to be a healthful city is well substantiated. The principal hotels are the Brown House, Hotel Lanier, Edgerton House. MARIETTA is a city of 4,000 population on the Western & Atlantic Railroad, 120 miles from Chattanooga and twenty miles from Atlanta, 1,132 feet above sea-level. Within two miles to the northeast of Marietta, the two peaks of Kennesaw Mountain rise about 700 feet above the city, protecting it from the cold northwestern winds of winter and ensuring a constant flow of air during the summer nights. By reason of its clear atmos- HAND-BOOK OF THE SOL'TH. 33 phcre, pure water, lovely scenery and rctined resident population. Marietta was before the war a favorite resort of the Southern aristocracy and it is a favorite resort to-day with those who would spend a season between the Northwest and the farther South. The city is surrounded by good roads .for driving; is in the vicinity of the mountain trout streams of the Blue Ridge; near the Georgia marble quarries, and on every side are localities famous for their connection with the Atlanta campaign of the war between the States. The principal hotel is the Kennesaw House, and there are several good boarding-houses. SAVANNAH, one of the handsomest of American cities, occu- pies a bluff on the south bank of the Savannah River, eighteen miles from its mouth. It is ig2 miles from Macon and 132 miles from Augusta, via the Central Railroad of Georgia. With a popu- lation of 42,000, it is the first naval-stores port in the world and is conspicuous for the exportation of cotton, rice and lumber Throughout the city is ever the sweet breath of the forest given by beautiful old trees that shade the broad streets and together with the carpeting of grass make delightful the many public squares. Forsyth Park is a larger and more pretentious place of resort, and Bonaventure Cemetery is renowned for its solemn and surpassing beauty. There are magnificent public edifices and noble private residences are surrounded with flower gardens which bloom throughout the year. Healthfully located within the influence of the current of the Gulf Stream, the climate of Savannah is genial and even, mild in winter and without intense heat in summer. From the date of its first settlement by General Oglethorpe in 1733, the history of this city is closely connected with all that is remarkable in the history of the Nation. Repulsed in 1776, the British succeeded in capturing it in. 1778. In the attempt of the French and Americans to regain possession the next year. Count Pulaski lost his life. In Novem- ber, I7q6, Savannah suffered the loss of about one million dollars by fire, and in January, 1820, it was devastated by another confla- gration which damaged it to the extent of four millions of dollars. HAND-BOOK OF TllK SOUTH. 35 During the Civil War Savannah was a Confederate stronghold until its capture by General Sherman in December, 1864. The De Soto Hotel is a magnificent editice of superb appointment. Other principal hotels are the Pulaski House, Screven House and McConnell's and Hresnan's, are kept on the European plan. THOMASVILLE. ( )n high ground on the northern border of the great forest ul primitive pine trees that extends across southern Georgia, is this pretty town of g.ooo people to whose lungs the breeze of the sea comes laden with the health-giving fragrance of the pines, wherefore it stands conspicuous among the health resorts of the South. The town has broad, shaded streets and is supplied from an artesian well with pure water of medicinal virtue. The Mitchell House and Piney Woods Hotel are excellent hostelries. The Gulf House and the Harley are less expensive hotels and many private families will entertain tourists. Thcmasville is tifty-eight miles from Albany, fifty- eight miles from Chattahoochee and 104 miles from Waycross via the Savannah, Florida & Western Railway. r^.>]^\ ^ f >ji^*— "ORTH CAROLINA has an area of 50,704 square miles. The coast hne of nearly 400 miles is bordered by barren, sandy islands. The land for about 100 miles back from the coast is low and the seat of enormous swamps, which in many places have been turned by drain- age into valuable grain fields and rice plantations. The Great Dismal Swamp, extending into Virginia, and the Alligator or Little Dismal Swamp just south of Albemarle Sound, each cover about 150,000 acres. At the western border of this low tract begins rolling land which extends to the foot of the Appalachian Mountains, which in this State reach their greatest elevation and develop their grandest features. The inner coast lands, together with a portion of this central tract, comprise vast pine forests productive of turpentine, pitch and rosin. Back of the pine forests the central belt of the State is devoted to the growth of grain and tobacco and in the southern counties to cotton. Between the Blue Ridge and the Iron or Smoky Mountains which separate North Carolina from Tennessee is an extensive plateau of an altitude ranging from 3,500 to 4,000 feet, trav- ersed by cross chains of mountains, and noble rivers penetrate the valleys that are marked by a healthy atmosphere, picturesque surroundings and a fertile soil. In the lowlands of North Carolina the atmosphere is warm and humid. In the mountain region it is cool, dry and bracing, of benefit to sufferers from asthma and a certain class of victims of pulmonary complaints. ASHEVILLE, the center of the mountainous territory of North Carolina that lies west of the .Blue Ridge, is situated at the con- fluence of the Swannanoa and French Broad Rivers, 436 miles from Cincinnati, via the Queen & Crescent Route and Harriman Junc- tion, and 3^^f'p' :'a^;^',4C of 34,000 square miles. Its contour .rr_l''^~-^i l;,^ "> '^ '■ '^ similar to that of Georgia, the /\?^" >^ '^^^^ ■- ^"'""Nf'^-' ^^'^ coast being fringed by bays, '-^■'■.'X '^" ■ /^/'p\ " h sounds and lagoons, and bordered 'J-Vi-.^r ' -sC't^.L^' \ ' by low islands, productive of rice, ".,'-,'■ '^^^'^■^ ■■<' • .1 ■/'i X sea -island cotton and tropical 5 .- sv, "-' ■ ~ ' ■ ■ -" ■ ' " ■ ■ ~'.- ■^p¥^,,'f:''~-''^'f: V --*f^j^P|^ C; fiuit. Within one hundred miles •, <■ ■' ^''-f^^^' -.■ '^'li-'" - from the coast the land is low and ■^/*'^f^ /^ -'^; >."* " .■- ^^riyi/^^^f" sandy. In the alluvial soil border- '' "^?*if^ ■ -->■-- ' ing the rivers are vast rice fields. The swamps are covered with virgin forests of cypress and white oak and marked by stretches of the dense luxuriant vegetation of the tropics. Back from this low land are the sand hills of the middle country, broad reaches of green meadow and fields of white cotton; then is rolling land gradually rising into the Blue Ridge of the Appalachian chain in the north- western corner of the State. It is said by an eminent authority that the climate of South Carolina resembles that of Southern Europe. Both the Carolinas are attractive resorts during the winter when there is very little rain and when the days are usually cloudless and warm. The variations of temperature, except during the mild and even months of March and April, are greater than in the extreme South, necessitating a suitable assortment of clothing. AIKEN is seventeen miles east of Augusta on the South Caro- lina Railway. Situated in the midst of the pine forests on the sand plateau that reaches into the State from Georgia, it possesses a climate which throughout the winter is as that of a charming Northern June. In the pure dry air, that is permeated by the heal- ing terebinthine odors, sufferers from consumption, rheumatism and gout find relief and often complete surcease of pain. The atmos- phere of Aiken is that of languor, quiet and ease. The broad avenues, wide porticoed houses, with their beds of roses, the wind- ing paths through the pine trees, the reaches of many colored sand, the entire absence of noise and hurrv, induce a feeling of HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 39 restfulncss, of tranquil content. The permanent population of Aiken is about 2,500. Its hotels are the Highland Park, Aiken and Clarendon, and there are many boardin<,'-houses. CAMDEN. The lony-leafed pine trees whose resinous breath is the invalid's balm and cordial are nowhere more perfect than in the forests surrounding this delightful old town. Camden was settled in 1750 and was the scene of many bitter fights during the revolution, one of which was marked by the death of Baron DeKalb, from the effects of his eleven wounds. During the pros- tration that followed the civil war it sank almost into oblivion in so far as the outer world was concerned and it is only during the past year or two that its fame as a most pleasant and healthful place of winter sojourn has gone beyond the confines of Carolina. Msitors speak in terms of sincerest praise of the sunny sky; of the pure, cool spring water; of the atmosphere that, always dry and balmy and permeated with the balsamic odors of the pines, is never so warm as to be debilitating, and is never tinged with penetrating cold. The streets are lined with gardens of charming flowers and there are many houses of old colonial structure that give pleasure to the eye of him who saunters past their latticed windows as well as comfort to their inhabitants. The population of Camden is 3,500. It is situated in the center of the sand-hill region on a well-drained plain above the Watcree River, that, navigable to this point, together with the Wateree Canal, furnishes excellent water-power. There are stores, schools, churches and an opera house. The Mobkirk Inn receives the unqualified commendation of every guest who secures entertain- ment within its walls and there are other hotels and boarding- houses. Camden is via the South Carolina Railway, 144 miles from Charleston, 157 miles from Augusta and 62 miles from Columbia. CHARLESTON was described by Josiah Quincy in 1773 as presenting a beautiful and magnificent appearance by reason of the grandeur and splendor of its buildings, decorations, e(|uipages. commerce and shipping. Since that time it has suffered the depression that followeil the war of the Revolution, the ravages of CHARLESTON. 40 HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 41 the disastrous fires of 1778, 1835 and 1861, bombardment durinj^ the civil war, the prostration of trade and industry that followed its close, the suffocation of the horrible period of Reconstruction, the direful racking of the cyclone of 1885 and of the earthquake of 1886. But notwithstanding these frequent periods of indescrib- able trial the city is attractive to-day. There remain buildings erected in the olden time with columns and broad porches side by side with structures of modern styles, and the dauntless energy of her citizens bears fruit in prosperity that has returned to her industries and commerce. Charleston is one of the chief ports for the shipment of cotton, rice and naval stores and it is famous for the fertilizers manufactured from the beds in its vicinity of marl and phosphate. The population of Charleston is 55,000 and its location is on the peninsula between Ashley and Cooper Rivers, which here unite to form Charleston Harbor, an estuary whose entry to the sea seven miles from the city is guarded on the north by Fort Moultrie, on the south by Fort Sumter. The points in and in the vicinity of Charleston that are noteworthy for their intrinsic interest or historic association cannot be enumerated in a narrow compass. St. Michael's Church, with its old, sweet chimes; St. Philip's, with the grave of John C. Calhoun; Magnolia Cemetery, that contains tombstones dating back to 1636; the old planters' houses in the suburbs; the farm of "The Oaks," and the phos- phate mines in which are found the enormous teeth and bones of mastodons— each deserve a visit. From Charleston, on the South Carolina Railway, was driven for the first time in America a loco- motive by steam. The climate of Charleston is such as to increase its claims as a popular health resort each year. The days in winter are bright, sunny and cheerful and the temperature seldom compels even invalids to go within doors. The principal hotels are the Charleston Hotel and the Pavilion. Charleston is 130 miles from Columbia and 137 miles from Augusta, via the South Carolina Railway, and 115 miles from Savannah, via the Charles- ton & Savannah Railway, one of the lines of the Plant System. SuMMKKVii.i.E, is situated on a pine wooded ridge twenty- 42 THE PEXXSYLVAXIA LINES two miles from Charleston, on the South Carolina Railway, and is remarkable for its healthfulness. The surroundings are beautiful and it possesses facilities for frequent communication with the city. The Dorchester is a new hotel. COLUMBIA, the capital of South Carolina, by the Richmond & Danville Railroad, is eighty-four miles from Augusta, 273 miles from Atlanta and 163 miles from Asheville. It stands upon granite bluffs where the Broad and Saluda Rivers unite to form the Con- garee, and but a few miles from the picturesque falls of the latter river. Columbia retains much of the beauty for .which it was famous before the war. The streets are from 100 to 150 feet in width and shaded by three rows of trees. Many of the private residences are surrounded by large flower gardens, which are at their loveliest in the early spring, giving the air the perfume of roses, magnolias and the sweet olive. From the citv, driveways lead through pine forests that are brightened with the luxuriant growth of the yellow jessamine and the Cherokee rose. Columbia is the seat of the University of South Carolina and other State institutions, and it possesses extensive industrial and manufactur- ing interests, which the completion of the Columbia Canal will largely increase. Its population is about 15,000, and the principal hotels are Wright's Hotel, the Grand Central and the Hotel Jerome. GREENVILLE, with a population of 9,000, is the third city of South Carolina. By the Atlanta & Charlotte Air Line Division of the Richmond & Danville Railroad it is 160 miles from Atlanta. Standing on the Reedy River near its source, it is the key to the mountain region of the State. From its edge rise the heights of Saluda; and within excursion distance are Table Mountain or Flat Rock, Caesar's Head, the Jocasse Valley and the Falls of Slicking. The hotels are the Exchange and the Mansion House. SPARTANBURG is a town of 6,000 people, 192 miles from Atlanta and seventy miles from Asheville, via the Richmond & Danville Railroad. Near it are Glenn's Springs and the Lime- stone Spring. In its immediate vicinity is the revolutionary battle-field of Cowpens. Merchant's Hotel and Windsor Hotel. •^'' j|JLORlDA, the southernmost State ^ of the Union, is situated in the same general latitude as the plains of V Lower Egypt, and the Delta of ^ii;^ i-.- the Ganges. In common with _ % V ., ■i\-" : ' these regions it possesses an allu- ^^, _ V- vial soil with tropical vegetation, -r^S^ ■ J^i^^^J^ ~ ^"^ ''^ climate, although similar, ^y^^'^-:::^-'./,''fJl^,r^-^'f^k',f^^^ is peculiarly mild and uniform by /-'"'^^^^ """"-' ^,,/''v'" reason of the Atlantic Ocean, that -— -^^^°"_^^'-j!; J K borders the eastern, and the Gulf of ^ J ^ Mexico, that washes almost the entire western side of the State. Sweeping through both gulf and ocean and beating with tidal force upon the shores of Florida at the same hour of every day that its great twin current of the Indian Ocean rolls upon the coast of Hindostan, the Gulf Stream carries away quantities of surplus heat from a temper- ature that the cooling draughts of the returning Arctic current also tend to regulate. The effect of these currents upon the atmosphere of Florida is such that its winters are thirtv or forty degrees warmer than those of the latitude of New York, while its summers are ten or fifteen degrees cooler. This won- derful climate brings to the State every year tens of thousands who have built winter homes within its confines, of those who w-ould "escape the rigors of a Northern winter" or of sufferers from pulmonary complaints, to whom the clear dry air, purified by the delicious odor of the pines and softened by the fragrance of the orange blossom, is soothing and invigorating. Of 58,680 square miles, the area of Florida, the water surface of bays, gulfs, sounds, harbors and rivers comprises 2,250 square miles. The upper and western portions of the State are uplands sloping to the ocean and the gulf. Below a ridge that extends from Brunswick, Ga., to the Suwanee River, is a dead level, sink- ing toward the south into the marsh lands of the Everglades. P>oin the southern coast, in a long curve, the coral islaiuis known 44 THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES as the " Florida Keys" reach to the Tortugas. The soil of Florida is productive of cotton, coffee, cocoa, sugar-cane, tobacco and rice, sweet potatoes in great quantities, strawberries, melons and black- berries. It lies in the great terrestrial orange belt, and gives an abundance of lemons, pine-apples, bananas, olives and grapes. The forests include not only the pine, cypress and cedar trees of the sub-tropics, but chestnut, locust, oak and hickory, and in their confines are not only the paroquets and flamingoes of brilliant colors, but the thrush, robin, martin and wren, wild turkey, duck and quail. Nowhere 'in America are fishes so plentiful as along- the coasts and in the rivers and lakes of Florida. There is the silver king or tarpon, the gamest fish that swims; the delicious pompano, grouper, mullet, blue-fish, bass and Spanish mackerel, and under the waters of the State are over 12,000 acres of oysters. The sponge and green-turtle fisheries are also important. The most picturesque of the characteristic features of Florida, how- ever, is the alligator, which abounds in the swamps and lagoons. He possesses a peculiar fascination for the huntsman, and is a source of revenue exceeded only by that derived from the orange groves. In many of the Floridian cities the tourist may obtain a live specimen of the genus, or, prepared by the taxidermist, he may be obtained of any size and in a number of forms suitable to fill a variety of functions from that of a paper-weight to an umbrella stand. His hide is wrought into card cases, purses and traveling-bags that are very attractive, and of his teeth are made bracelets and necklaces that serve as appropriate souvenirs of a visit to his home. JACKSONVILLE, the commercial center of Florida and gateway at which the various railways center, is via the shortest rail routes 838 miles from Cincinnati and 814 miles from Louis- ville. From either of these cities a choice of several routes with through cars is offered by the Louisville & Nashville Rail- road and Queen & Crescent Route. Situated in northern Florida on the western bank of the St. John's River, about twenty-five miles from its mouth, Jacksonville is a favorite winter resort for HAND-BOOK OF THE SOUTH. 45 invalids from Northern cities who prefer remaining in its ^v,xiV^j -^#5: ductivc of peaches, oranges, '^t- .-S )" ^.*^-«t^-;^ -^-:- figs and other tropical fruit. This low land, extending irregu- larly into the sound, gives the coast a varied contour, and is penetrated by many bayous and rivers. In this southern section the climate, by reason of the gulf winds and the protecting influ- ence of the pine woods which cover the receding sandy level, is even and delightful, as is attested by the ever increasing popu- larity of the delightful resorts that skirt the coast. Bay St. Louis, Pass Christian, Mississippi City, Biloxi and Ocean Springs, separated each from another by but a few miles, so that it is possible for a yachting party to make the tour of them all in a single day, have for decades been favorite summer homes for residents of New Orleans and Mobile, and in recent years have grown in esteem as winter retreats of families from the North, who find the surroundings congenial and the proximity to the two Southern cities an additional attraction. From the pine woods are obtained vast quantities of turpentine and rosin. Farther back the surface is rolling, without at any place attaining a high elevation, and it is covered with fields of cotton, of which this State produces more than any other in the L'nion. Sugar, rice, corn, sweet potatoes and tol^acco are also grown in consitlerable quantities, the alluvial lands immediately bordering the Missis- sippi River being especially noted for their great fertility. Although the climate of the northern section is more variable than tluit of the (ailf coast, snow is a very infrequent visitor. 64 THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES JACKSON, the capital of Mississippi, built upon rolling ground on the left bank of the Pearl River, is ninety-six miles west of Meridian and forty-four miles east of Vicksburg, via the Queen & Crescent Route, and 183 miles north of New Orleans, on the Illinois Central Railroad. The State House, with a library of 15,000 volumes; the Executive Mansion, and State Institutions for the Insane, Deaf, Dumb and Blind, are at Jackson. Its popu- lation is 6,000 and the principal hotel the Edwards House. Jackson was the scene of a bitter contest between forces under General Grant and General Johnston at the time of its capture by the Federal army on May 14th, 1863. MERIDIAN, surrounded by forests of pine and the distrib- uting point for a rich agricultural region, is a prosperous city of 10,000 inhabitants, with street cars, electric lights and water-works. It is 295 miles from Chattanooga and 630 miles from Cincinnati, via the Queen & Crescent Route. Hotel St. Charles. NATCHEZ is situated sixty miles south of Vicksburg on a bluff two hundred feet above the Mississippi River and ninety- nine miles southwest of Jackson, via the Natchez, Jackson & Columbus Division of the Louisville, New Orleans & Texas Rail- way. On the narrow lowland bordering the river is a portion of the city called " Natchez-under-the-Hill," which is connected by broad well-graded roads with the beautifully shaded residence portion known as "Natchez-on-the-Hill," where are the homes of many prosperous planters. A park occupies the brow of the bluff. Natchez was founded by the Frenchman, D'lberville, in 1700, taking its name from the tribe of Indians of noble character and romantic history. Its population is about 10,000, engaged in com- merce by river, in cotton and batting mills and the manufacture of artificial ice. The principal hotel is the Bonturas. VICKSBURG, the chief city of Mississippi, is also the prin- cipal city between Memphis and New Orleans, from either of which it is distant about 400 miles by the Mississippi River. Via the Louisville, New Orleans & Texas Railway it is 220 miles south of Memphis, 235 miles north of New Orleans, and via the IIAXD-BOOK OF THK SOUTH. 65 Queen & Crescent Route it is 140 miles west of Meridian. Its population is about 13,000, and its principal business the shipment of cotton. The Walnut Hills, on which the city is situated, 500 feet above the river, display the finest scenery of the Lower Mis- sissippi. The siege of X'icksburg, by General Grant, was one of the most prominent events of the war between the States, and just above the city is a cemetery containing the bodies of 16,000 soldiers, the greatest number buried at any one place in the country. The hotels arc the Pacific House, X'icksburn and Wash- ington Hotels and Washington E.xchange. OCEAN SPRINGS, on the eastern shore of the Bay of Biloxi, marks tlie i)i)int of the first French settlement of Biloxi. With the removal of the original colony it lapsed into oblivion in so far as historical records are concerned, but it is now a village of pleasant resort, fifty-seven miles from Mobile and eighty-four miles from New Orleans, via the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. Its present name is derived from two springs of mineral water on the southern bank of Fort Bayou. The beautiful and healthful situation on rolling hummock land, the drives through the pine woods, the facilities for fishing and hunting, have caused Ocean Springs to become the winter home of many people from Northern cities. In the vicinity are orchards of pear, peach and fig trees, fields of strawberries and extensive vegetable gardens. The Ocean Springs Hotel is an excellent hostelry, and near it are many cottages. Sixteen miles east of Ocean Springs is Scranton, or East Pascagoula, at the mouth of the Pascagoula River, whose waters, on their way to the gulf, give forth strange sounds, at times rising and falling in a murmur, at others furiously roaring as the rush of mighty wind. This weird phenomenon, similar to that displayed at places on the southern coast of France, and ascribable, perhaps, to the peculiar muscular vibration of certain fishes, is widely known as the "mysterious music of Pascagoula." BILOXI has ten miles of shell-paved drives along Mississipj)! Sound and the Bay of liiloxi. For the entertainment of Southern summer visitors and Northern winter tourists are several hotels, 66 THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES principal of which is the Montross. Other hotels are the Bossel and the Fairview, and there are many Ijoarding-houses and cot- tages. In the wooded country back of the town are to be found deer and wild turkey; the bay, the adjoining flats and the streams leading thereto afford good duck and snipe shooting in the winter, and the bay and its tributary streams abound in green trout or bass, speckled sea-trout, red-fish and sheepshead. The sound channels contain at times the Spanish mackerel and the pompano, and farther out are quantities of the redsnapper, grouper and blue-fish. Biloxi, founded by D'Iberville in 1699, on the eastern coast of the bay, and removed to its present location in 17 19, was the first capital of the French possessions in the Mississippi Valley. It is sixty-one miles from Mobile and eighty miles from New Orleans, via the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. The shrimp and oyster industries are here extensively engaged in. At Biloxi is the Howard Academy and churches of several denominations. MISSISSIPPI CITY is the name given by its founders in 1835 to what was intended to be the seaport of the State of Mississippi. It has become, however, not an important maritime mart, but a pleasant village whose delightful climate and fine view of the gulf attracts during the summer, residents from the Southern cities and during the winter visitors from the North. Within Mississippi City are several vineyards; in its vicinity are nut-bearing groves in which the squirrel tempts the marksman's skill, streams inhabited by trout and the adjacent portion of the sound is famous for its mackerel and exciting tarpon fishing. Mississippi City is seventy miles from Mobile and seventy-one miles from New Orleans, via the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. The principal hotel is the Gulf View. Immediately east is Beau- voir, the home of Jefferson Davis. PASS CHRISTIAN is situated on Mississippi Sound and the eastern shore of Bay St. Louis, eighty-two miles from Mobile and fifty-nine miles from New Orleans, via the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. It is a verv ancient village, surrounded with HAND-IJOOK OF Till-: SOL'Tll. 67 primeval forests of pine and live-oak, interspersed with the glistening^ foliajij-e of the magnolia grandiflora, and is well known as one of the most fashionable summer watering-places and win- ter resorts of the South. The frontage of six miles on Mississippi Sound is lined by a broad, shell-paved and well shaded avenue that is bordered by many handsome villas. The principal hotel is the Mexican Gulf. Accommodations can also be secured at many smaller hostelries and boarding-houses. At Pass Christian is an Episcopal Seminary for young ladies; also churches and schools, and it is the site of Fort Henry, where the Mississippi State troops liolcl their annual encampment. BAY ST. LOUIS, founded by French followers of D'lbcr\ ille in 1700, is a village skirting Mississippi Sound and the western shore of the bay from which it takes its name. For many years a favorite summer resort of the refined Creole population of New Orleans, it is becoming the winter home of many people from the North, for whose accommodation a number of the excellent boarding-houses are kept open the year round. Magnolias, cape jessamine and the camelia japonica grow here in great profusion. They are gathered in the bud and shipped to all parts of the country. Terrapin, soft-shell crabs and oysters are found near the shore. Bay St. Louis is eighty-nine miles from Mobile and fifty-two miles from New (Orleans, via the Louisville «.S: Nashville Railroad. Adjacent is WAVELAND, the summer home of many New Orleans mer- chants, as attractive as Bay St. Louis, with which it is connected by a beautiful shell-road that skirts the bay for eight miles, extending the entire length of both towns. EW ORLEANS, the ch.ef city of the Southern States, is situated on the Mississippi River, loo miles above its mouth. It is 826 miles from Cincinnati, from which it is reached via the Queen & Crescent Route and the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. Via the latter line it is 810 miles from Louisville. With a population of 243,000 people, New Orleans is the "•"■" first cotton market and one of the principal maritime ports of the world, exporting, besides cotton, large cjuantities of sugar, rice, tobacco, flour and pork; importing coffee, sugar and other products. The Eads jetties permit the largest ocean steamships to come directly to the city wharves. The climate of New Orleans is more variable than that of the Southern cities lying farther east. Its winters, however, are usually genial and warm, and with the peculiar stir of the city's winter life make it peculiarly attractive to visitors from the North. The site of the city slopes from the great levee which protects it from the river, and the streets in the modern quarter are broad and handsome. That portion of New Orleans within the bend of the river is the old town, whence is derived its sobriquet of the "Crescent City." Here the streets are narrow, lined with buildings of quaint architecture; and here is the " French Market," famous as one of the most picturesque sights of America. To the French Opera House, which seats 2,000 people and is fitted up in the style of the Theatre Francais, are brought the best French opera companies that come to America. The Grand Opera House is a pretty theatre, the St. Charles Theatre has a good stock company, and the Academy of Music is the usual place for variety performances. The city is famous for its gorgeous pageants and balls during the holidays and the carnival season that precedes Lent, and it is also famous for the NEW ORLEANS (Business Portion) 69 NEW ORLEANS HAND-BOOK Ol' TIIK SOUTH. 71 races held at short intervals. Williin a few in'nes of tlic citv bv rail or by the shell road is West End, the Coney Island of New Orleans. Spanish Fort is also a popular resort. The most prominent buildings are the Custom House, the United States Mint, City Hall, Court House, Cotton K.xchange, Masonic Hall, Odd Fellows' Hall, St. Patrick's Hall, Exposition Hall, Mechanics' Institute, the Charity Hospital and the Hotel Dieu. Most noted of the churches are the Cathedral of St. Louis, frescoed by Canova and Rossi; the churches of St. John the Baptist, and St. Patrick, also Catholic; Trinity, Christ and St. Paul's, Episcopal; the First Presbyterian; McGhee Church, Methodist Episcopal, and the Temple Sinai, Hebrew. There are ten public squares in New Orleans, and several handsome statues, the most conspicuous being the equestrian monument to General Jackson. The ceme- teries are especially worthy of a visit, as the tombs, some of which are costly and beautiful structures, arc all above ground. New Orleans was surveyed by De la Tour in 1717. and incorporated as a city of the United States in 1804. On January 8th, 181 5, the British were defeated by General Jackson at a spot now marked by a marble monument four and one-half miles south of Canal Street. On April 24th, 1862, the city was captured by the P'cderal Admiral Farragut and subsequently placed under martial law by General Benjamin F. Butler. The hotels of New Orleans are the St. Charles, the Royal, Vonderbancks, the City Hotel, Denechaud's and Cassidy's, and for colored people the Hotel des Etrangcrs. Of the many excellent restaurants are Moreau's. Victor's, the Cosmopolitan and Antoine's. Among the many clubs are the Pickwick, Louisiana, Boston, Harmony. Union, the Shakespeare, the Social Club and the Jockey Club. The street cars of New Orleans all start from Canal Street and reach nearly every point in the city, charging the uniform faro of five cents. Cabs and carriages may be hired at the various stands at the rate of seventy-five cents for one or two persons per mile (twelve squares), or two dollars for the first and one dollar and a half for the second hour or fractional part thereof. Through Train Schedules. INCLUDED in the tables printed on the following pages are the principal stations reached by the Pennsylvania Lines, their distances from terminal cit- ies, the time of trains and a summary of the through car service in effect at the time this book was placed on the press. The system of through car service seldom undergoes radical alteration, but it is custom- ary to make each Spring and Autumn such changes as the conditions of the traffic necessitate. The time of trains is made quicker, the through car service is increased and extended and new trains are added as circumstances justify. Therefore, for exact and definite information regarding the time of trains and connections at the time a journey is contemplated, application should be made to one of the representa- tives of the Passenger Department named on page 83, who will also quote rates of fare and give an}- further particulars that may be desired regarding a journey in any direction. The maps of New York and Chicago are included in these pages because of the general importance of those cities. "the: peinnsvlvania lineis Mir ' Buffalo " Canandaigu W I S .h?!HI|ni;\\fflmrai.d Rapid, ^, l^, Albany^ /Miiv.'ili'k',i^;-',')Mr -"" o,.^uB,u. p„ r^^^ -^ y N E w ■ Y O R K JUdison ( ,„ /, v'l/// MICH ■ ^,/ISp^l/ / i^- ^A-^ Kalamazoo ^'''°'UL°_ Q,^^ V,^^ ^^ / ^■^■' ■1,1 "■« ^^^ r„,L"*'^/ '-< ._,.-rv^ ,2:^^^^^ »• _ (f»- i. — ^>i — i-i— ' "-^ 7 / W . ^ V A W^ ^ V Charktiton j ^ ^^ ' V^w..s,.,p.y CINCINNRTI .^^ CHlCftGO SHORT 1-1 NE. TIME OF TRAINS AND THROUGH CAR SERVICE. CHICAGO TO CINCINNATI. CINCINNATI TO CHICAGO. - = From the Pennsyl- vania Passenger Station, Chicago, central time. Lv. Chicago Lv. Logansport . .. Lv. Kokomo Lv. Eiwood Lv. Anderson Lv. New Castle. .. Lv. Richmond TRAIN No. 18. DAILY. TRAIN No. 10. DAILY. .J 2 s 3 From the Pennsyl- vania Passenger Station, Cincinnati CENTRAL time. train No. 19. DAILY. TRAIN No. 3. DAILY. 117 9.00 am 12.40 pm 1.22 pm 1.51 pm 2.18 pm 2.49 pm 3.35 pm 4.05 pm 5.00 pm 6.15 pm 8.20 pm 12.45 am 1.30 am 2.10 am 2.36 am 3.13 am 4.10 am 4.43 am 5.35 am 7.00 am 31 58 74 101 123 137 159 182 299 Lv. Cincinnati Ar. Hamilton 7.55 am 9.10 am 10 . 10 am 10.40 am 11.24 am 11.56 am 12.21 pm 12.50 pm 1.30 pm 5.10 pm 8.50 pm 10.00 pm 10.50 pm 140 101 17G 197 224 241 209 299 Ar. Richmond. . . . Ar. New Castle — Ar. Anderson Ar. Eiwood Ar. Kokomo Ar. Logansport . . . Ar. Chicago 11.20 pm 12 . 22 am 12 . 59 am 1.28 am 2.15 am Lv. Hamilton Ar. Cincinnati .... 3.00 am 7.30 am Train No. i8 and Train No. 19 carry Passenger Coaches and Pullman Parlor Cars; Train No. 10 and Train No. 3, Passenger Coaches and Pullman Sleeping Cars through between Chicago and Cincinnati without change. the: peinnsvlvania linbs Uuffalo 'CwvuiOilsu. Orund Rapids ,l'^ ' i''V HIGH. i3^)Jj> o-'-K ^^^EW YORK P E Is.'^ N ^^r S..--4 W. V A. Cliwltstwn TIME OF TRAINS AND THROUGH CAR SERVICE. CHICAGO TO LOUISVILLE. LOUISVILLE TO CHICAGO. From the Pennsyl- 1 a IFrOM THE PeNNSTL- ^=- '"^ -e vania Passenger No. 18. ' r VANIA PaSSENGEB tkain 2 = Station, Chicago. S .- Station, Louisville No. ly. No. 3. '^ CENTEAL TIME. DAILY. DAILY. 8.20 pm _f ^ central time. daily. DAILY. Lv. Chicago 9.00 am Lv. Louisville 7.. 30 am 7. 35 pm 7.44 pm 9.02 pm 9., 35 pill 9. .52 pm 10.(»!i pm 10.,-)0pm 117 Lv. Logansport. .. 12.4."i pni 12.."> am 4 Ar. Jeffersonville.. . 7.39 am 140 Lv. Kokonio !..'!(• pm 1 .4."> am 51 Ar. .Seymour 9.07 am 194 Lv. Indianapolis . . 3..")."> pm 3.r>.") am 09 Ar. Columbus 9.40 am 214 Lv. Franklin 4.;j4 pm 4.. 34 am 79 Ar. Edinburg 10.a3am 22.) Lv. Eclinburg 4.49 pm 4.49 am j 89 Ar. Franklin 10.20 am 23,^. Lv. Columbus .").1() pm 5.10 am iin .\r. Indianapolis. 11.00 am 25.3 Lv. Seymour 5.4.") pm 5. .37 am 1(U .•\r. Kokomo 12.45 pm 302 Lv. Jeffersonville. 7.21 pm 1 7.0()am 187 Ar. Logansport . .. 1 . 25 pm 2.10 am :J()4 Ar. Louisville 7. .30 pm 1 7.1.') am 1 304 Ar. Chicago | 5.10 pm 7.. 30 am Train No. 18 and Train No. 19 carry Passenger Caches and I'ennsylvania Parlor Cars: Train No. 10 and Train No. 3. F'asscnger Coaches an.l Pullman .Sleeping Cars thn.ugli JR-twei-n Chicago and Louisville without change. the: peinnsvlvania lines, I'MiiiiiiimM : — I S /' '- ■ "(iian.lRapi'i" "■ "'"•*^«t X ' ' /\ White sulphur/ Z' P;.A, Bro,, . THE "ML VERNON PAN HANDLE ROUTE." TIME OF TRAINS AND THROUGH CAR SERVICE. CLEVELAND TO CINCINNATI. CINCINNATI TO CLEVELAND. - u From the Union Depot on the Lake FROM Cleveland. central time. DAY EXPRESS. EX. SUN. NIGHT EXPRESS. DAILY. From the Penn- sylvania Passenger Station, Cincinnati CENTRAL time. day express. EX. sun. NIGHT EXPRESS. DAILY. Lv. Cluveland 8.00 am S.OO pm Lv. Cincinnati — 8 , 00 am 8.00 pm -T) Lv. Hudson 9.05 am 9.05 pm 65 Ar. Xenia 9.55 am 10.00 pm 3!l 9.35 am 10.30 am 9.35 pm 10.32 pm 119 104 Ar. Columbus Ar. Mt. Vernon.. .. 11.25 am 12.55 pm 11.40 pm 1 . 54 am Ki Lv. OrrviUc .s" Lv. Millersburg . .. 11.21 am 11.20 pm 170 Ar. Gambler 1.06 pm 2.05 am 120 L.v. Gambicr 12.33 pm 12.34 am 203 Ar. Millersburg.. .. 2.17 pm 3.23 am 120 Lv. Mt. Vernon . .. 1.03 pm 12.52 am 227 Ar. Orrville 3.10 pm 4.20 am 170 Ar. Columbus .... 2.30 pm 2.30 am 250 Ar. .\kron 4.01 pm 5.16 am "•'5 Ar. Xenia 4.30 pm 0.30 pm 5 00 am 2G4 4.32 pm 5.40 pm 290 Ar. Cincinnati 7.10 am 290 Ar. Cleveland 7.00 am The Day Express trains carry Passenger Coaches and the Night E.xpress trains I'uHmaii Sleeping Cars through between Cleveland and Cincinnati without change in either direction. H PEINNSVLVANIA LINEIS VV J s MadisoD CINCINNATI AND THE EAST. The fast express trains of the Pennsylvania Lines run ■'■ directly from Cincinnati to Columbus; to Pittsburgh, Cresson and Altoona, the key to the beautiful retreats of the Allei^heny Mountains; to Philadelphia, which is but a few hours' ride from Atlantic City, Cape May, Lon<^ Branch and other resorts of the New Jersey Coast, and to New York, where connection is made with trains for the Catskills, the Atlirondacks, the (ireen and White Mountains, all cities, towns and the other places of resort in New P^ngland, and with the palatial steamers of the I'\ill Ri\er Line for Newport, Fall Ri\'er and Boston, for .^Lu■tha's X'ineyaiil and Nantucket, for the resorts of Cape Cod and those I art her north. The approximate time of trains, with a schedule of thi(>UL;h Pullman slecpinq' and dining car ser\'ice, is given on the two following pages. H PEINNSVLVANIA LINEIS TIME OF TRAINS AND THROUGH CAR SERVICE. VIA CINCINNATI TO THE EAST. 3G.3 04. 7 94.4 119.4 119.4 152.4 187.9 •201.'. 1 218 4 219.8 209.1 312.4 312.4 312.4 343 5 391.2 414.2 429.1 500.7 560.7 G45.4 688.4 666.0 756.0 From Pennsylvania Station, Cincinnati, central time. Lv. Cincinnati Lv. Morrow Lv. Xenia Lv. London Ar. Columbus '. Lv. Columbus Lv. Newark Lv. Coshocton Lv. New Comerstown Lv. Uhrichsville Junction Lv. Dennison Lv. Steubenville Ar. Pittsburgh Central Time. Ar. Pittsburgh Eastern Time. Lv. Pittsburgh Eastern Time. Lv. Greensburg Lv. Johnstown Lv. Cresson Lv. Altoona Ar. Harrisburg Lv. Harrisburg TRAIN No. 6. DAILY. Ar. Baltimore . . . Ar. Washington . Ar. Philadelphia. Ar. New York ... Ar. Brooklyn , 8.00 am 9.10 am 10.00 am 10.40 am 11.2.') am 1 1 . 3.") am 12.35 pm 1.34 pm 2.02 pm 2.30 pm 2.40 pm 4.10 pm 5.55 pm 6.55 pm 7.15 pm 10.55 pm 2.25 am 2.30 am 5.15 am 6.30 am 5.25 am 8.00 am 8.15 am TRAIN No. 20. DAILY. 4 30 pm 5.38 pm 6.45 pm 7.31 pm S.IO pm 8.20 pm 9.20 pm 11.05 pm 12.29 am 2.10 avii 3.10 am 3.20 am am 7.05 am 10.30 am 10.35 am TRAIN No. 2. DAILY. 8.00 pm 9.10 pm 10.05 pm 10.. 55 pm 11.40 pm 11.45 pm 12.45 am 1 . 45 am 2.12 am 2.45 am 2.55 am 4.18 am 0.00 am 7.00 am 7.15 am 1 . 15 pm 2.25 pm 1.25 pm 4.00 pm 10.40 am 1.55 pm 2.00 pm 4.40 pm 5 . 55 pm 4.45 pm 7.00 pm TRAIN No. 8. DAILY. 8.00 pm 9.10 pm 10.05 pm 10.55 pm 11.40 pm 11.45 pm 12.45 am 1.45 am 2.12 am 2.45 am 2.55 am 4 IS am 0.(X) am 7.00 am 8.00 am 8.58 am 10.13 am 11.02 am 11.50 am 3.20 pm 3.40 pm 6.45 pm 8.15 pm 0.50 pm 9.35 pm 4.15 pm 1 7.15 pm i 0.45 pm TR.MN No. 6— Has Pullman Vestibule Sleeping Cars from Cincinnati to New York and from Columbus to Washington and New York: Pullman \'estibule Dining Cars Columbus to Pittsburgh. TR.A.IN No. 20— Has Pullman Perfected Safety Vestibule Buffet Cars from Memphis. Louisville and Cincinnati to New York; Pullman Dining Car Columbus to Newark and Pennsylvania Dining Car Altoona to New York; Buffet Parlor Car Harrisburg to Washington. TRAIN No. 2— Has Pullman Perfected Safety Vestibule Sleeping Car from Cincinnati to New York, running from Pittsburgh east in the Pennsylvania Limited; Buffet Parlor Car Harrisljurg to Baltimore and Washington. TRAIN No. 8— Has Pullman Perfected Safety Vestibule Sleeping Cars from Cincinnati to New York and Pittsburgh to Washington; Pullman Buffet Parlor Car Pittsburgh to New York. the: peinnsvlvania l_inbs TIME OF TRAINS AND THROUGH CAR SERVICE. FROM THE EAST VIA CINCINNATI. 195.3 326.0 341.8 3a5.G 412.5 443. C 443. G 443. G 48G.9 53G.2 537. G 553.9 5G8.1 581.5 G03.G fiSG.G G3G.G GGl.G Gill 3 719.7 75G.0 Eastern Time. Lv. New York. Lv. Brooklyn. Lv. Philadelphia . Lv. Washington. Lv. Baltimore . . . Lv. Lv. Lv. Lv. Lv. Ar. Ar. Lv. Lv. Lv. Lv. Lv. Lv. Lv. Lv. Ar. Lv. Ar. Ar. Ar. Ar. Harrisburg Altoona Crssson Johnstown Greensburg Pittsburgh Eastern Time. Pittsburgh Central Time. Pittsburgh Central Time. Steubenville Dennison Uhrichsville Junction New Coniersto wn Coshocton Trinway Newark Columbus Columbus London Xenia Morrow Cincinnati TRAIN No. 5. DAILY. TRAIN No.l. DAILY. 10.00 am 9.40 am ' 8.40 am 12.20 pm 10.50 am 11.45 am 11.40 am 10.. 10 am 11.45 am 9.30 pni 8.30 pm 8.55 pm 10.2Gpm 12.02 am am am 2.05 am 3.00 am 3.15 am 4.10 am 5.00 am 5.55 am 7 . 10 am 9.34 pm 10.. Vi pm 11.55 pm 10..". pni 11.15 pm 12.49 am 2.15 am 2.. 53 am 3.20 am 3.44 am 4 30 am 5.30 am 7.25 am 8.0G am 8.50 am 9.40 am 10.50 am TRAIN No. a. DAILY. 2.00 pm 1.40 pm 4.25 pm 3.30 pm 4.32 pm 7.20 pm 10.45 pm 2.00 am 1.00 am 1.15 am 4.15 am 6.10 am 7.05 am 7.25 aiM 8.0G am 8.50 am 9.40 am 10.. 50 am TRAIN No. 9. DAILY. 6.30 pm 6.00 pm 9.20 pm 7.40 pm 8.45 pm 12.25 am 4.10 am 5.23 am G.42 am 7.45 am G.45 am 7 . 10 am 8.5G am 11.00 am 11.05 am 11.35 am 12.01 pm 12.;«) pm 1.30 pm 2.. 30 pm 2..'iO pm 3.40 pm 4.30 pm 5.22 pm 6.30 pm TR.MN No. :— Has Pullman Perfected Safety Vestibule Sleeping Car from New York to Cin- cinnati, which is carried as far as Pittsburgh in the Pennsylvania Limited ; Buffet Parlor Car from Washington and Baltimore to Harrisburg. TRAIN .No. I— Has Pullman Vestibule Buffet Sleeping Cars from New York and Pittsburgh to Columbus. TRAIN No. 9— Has Pullman Perfected Safety Vestibule Sleeping Cars from New York to Cincinnati and from Washington and Baltimore to Pittsburgh and Columbus; Pennsylvania Dining Car New York to Philadelphia and Pullman Dining Car Pittsburgh to Columbus. TRAIN No. 21— Has Pullman Perfected Safety Vestibule Car from New York to Cincinnati and Pullman Parlor Car from Washington to Harrisburg; Pennsylvania Dining Car I'hiladelphia to .\ltoona, and Pullman Dining Car Newark to Columbtis. ^- i V .ji;^ XHE de:l_ighxful_ Summer Resorts of Northern Michigan FREACHEID BV "THE GRAND RAPIDS & INDIANA RAILROAD "the: fishing line:." Grand Rapids & Indiana RAI l_ROAD "THE FISHING LINE." Mackinac Island and the many resorts reached therefrom- CHENEAUX ISLANDS. etc. HARBOR POINT, .RLEVOIX, etc. located in the immediate neighborhood, and neighboring Resorts -OMEN A. OLD MISSION, ELK RAPIDS, etc. The many lal Traverse City Information regarding Routes, Rates and Through Car Facilities will be furnished by any of the following named representatives of the: peinnsvlvania linbs. F. VAN DUSEN Chief Assistant General Passenger Agent Pittsburgh, Pa J. H. LUCE Assistant General Passenger Agent Chicago. Ill J. M. CHESBROUGH Assistant General Passenger Agent St. Louis, Mo H.R, DERING Assistant General Passenger Agent Indianapolis. Ind C.L. KIMBALL Assistant General Passenger Agent Cleveland. O. Assistant General Passenger Agent Cincinnati. O. GEO. E. FARRINGTON General Agent Terre Haute. Ino FOR THE INTERIOR STATES. J. G. RUPLE District Passenger Agent Columbus. O. SAMUEL MOODY District Passenger Agent Pittsburgh. Pa A. F. READ City Passenger Agent Pittsburgh, Pa SAMUEL A. MYERS Traveling Passenger Agent Pittsburgh. Pa J. G. TOM LIN SON PASSENGER Agent Wheeling, W. Va WM. HUNTER City Passenger Agent Columbus. O H. D. KILGORE TRAVELING PASSENGER AGENT ALLIANCE. O D. L. SMITH Traveling Passenger Agent Columbus. O c! C. HAINES Traveling Passenger Agent Dayton. O J.W. CAMPBELL Traveling Passenger Agent Indianapolis. Ind GEO. E. ROCKWELL Local Passenger Agent Indianapolis. Ind T. R. WILT City Passenger Agent Indianapolis. Ind CHAS. H. MIXER Traveling Passenger Agent ; Terre Haute, Ind F. W. BUSK IRK City Passenger Agent Cincinnati, O G. G. BE LTZ HOOVER City Passenger Agent Chicago. Ill G. W. METZGER LOCAL PASSENGER Agent Chicago. Ill FRED L. DAVIS City Passenger Agent St. Louis. Mo C. L. NESBIT Traveling Passenger Agent Richmond. Ind J. G. MAN LOVE, JR Traveling Passenger Agent Springfield. \l). F. M. BUSHONG Traveling Passenger Agent Detroit. Mich D. C. MACWATTERS City Passenger Agent Cleveland, O FOR THE WEST AND NORTHWEST. WM. BE DELL District Passenger Agent • i I Montgomery St.. San Francisco. Cal J. M. GREAVES Traveling Passenger Agent St. Paul. Minn ALBERT GEERLINGS City Passenger Agent Milwaukee. Wis GEO.T. HULL Traveling Passenger Agent- • Denver. Col GEO. JENKINS Traveling Passenger Agent r^ »f'^'^'^^' i THOS. H. THORP Traveling Passenger Agent Des Moines, I a G. B. TEEDRICK Traveling Passenger Agent Kansas City, Mo CHAS. CON KLIN Northwestern Passenger Agent Kansas City, mo W. D. WETHERELL Special Passenger Agent St. Louis, mo J. VAN DUSEN Western Traveling Agent Chicago, III. CHAS. E. OWEN Western Passenger Agent Wichita, kan. FOR THE SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST. A. ANDERSON District Passenger Agent Louisville, Ky. G. L. A. THOMSON City Passenger Agent ^^^f!;L\^^4. n E. M. BRONSON Southeastern Passenger Agent « 'JTvL c.mJ i a' GEO. R. THOMPSON -Southern Passenger Agent "EW «jrleans> la CHAS. C. CURTICE -Southwestern Passenger Agent - . . . uallas. i ex R. H. LACEY Traveling Passenger Agent ._-- Nashville. ' enn F. E. STEVENSON Traveling Advertising Agent Chattanooga, i enn JOSEPH WOOD, E- A. FORD, gen- l Manager, G^ -- ^ Passenger Aqeni. PITTSBURGH, PA. r^. ^^:rc< A