Class Book r_L5^ .65 GopyiightN". Fv. i COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. PHILADELPHIA FAIRMOUNT PARK General Description. Short Historical Sketch. Life of Robert Morris. Descrip- tion of all the Monuments, Works of Art, etc., and all the interesting and historical buildings in the Park, with Illustrations Ig JKUliarii (d. dtlftrmfr Published b^ RICHARD C. SCHIRMER 822 NORTH BROAD STREET, PHILADELPHIA (Copyrighted by RICHARD C. SCHIRMER. 1910] F Ci.A2r>cS153 X ■ I W n il i|(4> ^be pbilabelpbia jfairmount park T GENERAL DESCRIPTION /^% NE of the largest, most interesting re- - I I If ^^^^^"^ its natural beauties, histor- I \l ■/ ical buildings and beautiful monu- I ^-^ ments, is the Philadelphia Fairmount ^..^-^..^^.c^ Park. It is situated in the northwestern part of the city, divided by the river Schuylkill into two halves— the East and the West Park,— connected by a number of fine bridges as well as trolley cars, which start from Dauphin street entrance in the East Park and run to Elm avenue —west end of the West Park— touching all the interesting points ;in the Park. A number of steamers ply on the river during the summer months, starting at Green street entrance to the Park, stopping at all the important points in the East and West Park, running as far north as the Wissahickon Cneek. This grand Park contains an area of nearly 3000 acres and is rich in its splendid monuments, interesting and historical buildings, a number of which were inhabited by some of our most emi- nent countrymen who took part in the Revolu- tion. _ The southern end of the Park on the eastern side is Callov/hill street bridge and Fairmount 1 Waterworks. From htre it extends north of the Schuylkill River in varying widths to the Wissa- hickon Creek. Here it branches oJff towards east and follows the latter stream with its beau- tifiil hills to the north side of Chestnut Hill. The West Park, that part west of the Schuyl- kill River, is considerably more extensive than the East Park. It begins above !Fairmount avenue and unfolds at once a beautiful scenery towards the river, and Lemon Hill. Thousands of people enjoy the delightful walks on this river front. On the left or Western side is the Zoological Garden. The main portion of the W^est Park be- gins on the north side of Girard avenue. Here, somiewhat northwest, is the location where the Cen- tennial Exhibition took placfe in 1876, where now the two large, imposing buildings stand — Memorial and Horticultural Halls — and further north, the historical building, ''Belmont," the residence of Judge Richard Peters. The first acquisition of five acres of land by the city, in 1812, was Old Park "Faire Mount," as this site was known in the earliest days. Here are sit- uated the Fairmount Waterworks (now abandon- ed and replaced by the large filter works at Tor- resdale on the Delav/are River, which supplies the whole city with filtered water). Following the river front, we pass the landing place of the steamers v/hich ply on the river; fur- ther east we pass the grand Washington Monu- ment; further towards Lemon Hill the Lincoln Monvmient. From here and beyond all is hill and raA^ne, and, except the Wissahickon Valley, the Park has no more picturesque and romantic spots, being dotted with Colonial mansions rich in story. Following the Eastern Drive, we pass the eques- trian statute of General Grant, "Mount Pleasant," built by Captain McPherson, in 1761, once ithe home of Benedict Arnold, the military command- er of Philadelphia, (pronounced the most elegant 2 seat in Pennsylvania at that time); "Rockland," built in iSio on a promontory from which there is a beautiful view of the river. Farther on, we pass "Ormiston," "Randolph," the old Woodford mansion noted for its Franklin trees. Here is the entrance to the Park trolley station. North of it is Strawberry Mansion, now a restaurant, where during the summer months concerts are given. Following the East Drive northward, it will bring us to the mouth of the Wissahickon Creek. The Wissahickon (name of Indian origin) Val- ley, more than ten miles long, is one of the most interesting parts of the Park. Travelers who have seen much of the world pronounce the scenery along the Wissahickon to be the most charming in the world. The creek winds in short curves for miles between thickly wooded hills, frequent- ly divided into romantic gorges, with little streams dashing down, in rapid rifts and small cascades. An author expresses himself happily — "There is a quiet loveliness attached to e/vevy foot of this portion of the Park which leaves a deep impression and which grows with each suc- ceeding visit." In this valley there are a num- ber of inns in Colonial style, with large verandas, which harmonize beautifully with the surround- ings. Row-boats may also be hired and families come here for a day, enjoying themselves with every kind of diversion and amusement. In the northern part of the West Park is ''Bel- mont," an historical building. This was the es- tate of Judge Richard Peters, Secretary of the Continental Board of War during the Revolution, while his friend, Robert Morris, of Lemon Hill, was practically Secretary of the Treasury. Belmont is now used as a restaurant, and, dur- ing the summer months, concerts are held here. Nearby is the station of the Park trolley line. The part of the Park north of Belmont Mansion 3 spreads out in a spacious area of iiills and dales and beautiful woodlands. George's Hill, an eminence 210 feet high, west of Belmont Mansion, from which one can obtain a delightful view of West Philadelphia, is a fav- orite resort for picnic parties. At its foot is the allegorical fountain erected by the Catholic To- tal Abstinence Society. North of Bfclmont is the old mansion called "Chamounix," nearby a natural lake with a large number of pleasure boats used by picnic parties. In a southwestern direction from Belmont we see the grounds of the Centennial Exhibition, which took place in 1876. The only two remain- ing buildings are Memorial Hall and Horticul- tural Hall, put up with the intention that they should be permanent buildings. All the other buildings of the Exhibition were torn down. This is the brightest spot in the Park. Near Horticul- tural Hall stands the Columbus ^lonument and monuments dedicated to the poets Schiller and Goethe. On the east side are the monuments Religious Liberty, Witherspoon and busts of Ver- di, Schubert and Haydn. East of the Memorial Hall are the equestrian statue of General Meade and the Smith Memorial. Towards Girard avenue bridge is the reHc called "William Penn House." This structure was erected in the year 1682 and for many years was used as the State House of the Province of Pennsylvania. In 1883 ^^ ^^as tak- en from its original site in Letitia street. Somewhat towards the river stands the old "Sweet Briar" mansion, built about 1810 by Sam- ud Breck, an eminent citizen at that period. ''Sweet Briar" commands a very pretty view of the river. South of Girard avenue bridge is the Zoolog- ical Garden. This ground was called "Solitude" and was the property of John Penn. A small 4 villa which he occupied stands now in the Zoo- logical Garden. The Park abounds in natural beauties, and vis- itors will find every part of it interesting-. There are many springs of clear water, embellished by stone masonry, and a number of small streams flow into the Schuylkill River. The Park is espe- cially beautiful in the spring, with its large va- riety of wild flowers, while the front of Horticul- tural Hall presents in the Spring a most beautiful picturewith its thousands of hyacinths, tulips and narcissi, and its magnificent beds of rare roses. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF FAIRMOUNT PARK »h ^JT HE vast and magnificent pleasure if ■ ground to which the name of "Fair- ^F^ mount Park" has been given was ^■^ not the outgrowth of any sugges- >^.,^>^..^ tion that it would ever be possible to obtain nearly 3000 acres of land on the banks of the Schuylkill for public use. It is well known that the first purchase of ground at Fairmount was made June 28, 1812, when five acres were obtained for $16,666. The Councils saw that there was opportunity for lay- ing out and cultivating a garden which would al- ways be a favorite place for pubHc resort. Addi- tional ground was purchased with the intention to keep the water of the Schuylkill clear from im- purities from time to time until the reservation comprised 24 acres. In 1854, Lemon Hill, 45 acres, were bought at the cost of $75,000. In 1855, Councils passed the ordinance dedicating Lemon Hill for the purpose of a pubHc park, to be known as ''Fairmount Park." In 1857 Sedglley was added to the Fairmount Park. Soon after, Lansdowne, 140 acres, on the west side of the Schuylkill, was sold to the city for $84,950. In 1867, City Councils declared that the title and ownership of certain ground on the west side of the river Schuylkill should be vested in the City of Philadelphia to be laid out and maintained forever as an open public place or park for the health and enjoyment of the people. In 1866 and 1869 the Park was further increased by extending the ter- ritory to the present bounds. Jurisdiction on this large tract of land was so far shared between the chief engineer of the water- works and the City Commissioner of City proper- tv. In due time the Fairmount Park Commission was organized, composed of the Mayor of the City, Presidents of Select and Common Councils, the Commissioner of City property, the chief en- gineer and surveyor, the chief engineer of the waterworks, together with five citizens appointed for 5 years by the District Court and five citizens for the same period of time by the Court of Com- mon Pleas. The Commissioners were authorized to negotiate and agree with the owners of the ground within the space specified for the purchase thereof, and, if no agreement could be made, to introduce proceedings to condemn the ground and award damages. The first Park Commission was composed of Morton McMichafcl, Mayor of the City ; J. Spering, President of Select Council; J. F. Marcer, Presi- dent of Common Council; Charles Divers, Com- missioner of City Property; S. Kneass, Chief En- gineer and Surveyor ; F. Graf?, (the second)* Chief Engineer of the Waterworks, and the following citizens : E. K. Price, J. Welsh, W. Selldrs, J. Har- rison, Jr., J. C. Cresson, appointed by the District Court; ,N. B. Browne, Th. Cuyler, H. W. Phil- lips, G. Remak and Major General George G. Meade, appointed by the Court of Common Pleas. Mayor M. McMichael was elected President. On April 14, 1868, the Assembly directed that the Park Commissioners should appropriate the shores of the Wissahickon CrGek, on both sides of the same, from ,the mouth to Paul's Mill Creek. The ornamentation of the Park to any considera- ble degree by the acquisition of works of art was an object from the beginning of the jurisdiction of the Park Commissioners. Knowledge of this fact and a desire to add to the appearance of the grounds by works of art and beauty led to the formation in 1871 of a society under the name of the "Fair- mount Park Art Association." The Society was in- corporated on February 2, 1872. The object in the charter was the accumulation of a fund by means of annual contributions of fixed sums of money by the members thereof, and by legacies, donations, etc., which fund should be devoted to and expended in adorning Fairmount Park with statues, busts and other works of art. At the meeting on December i8, 1895, it was reported that up to that time the Association had obtained 25 principal objects of decoration, ''monuments, statues, fountains," etc. Although the acquisition of the Fairmount Park began as early as 181 2, the real movement — which is now of great magnitude — was begun about 1880 by Professor Meehan, an eminent botanist and a member of Common Council from Germantown. Through him the City Park Association was form- ed, and through him and this organization and the newspapers public sentiment was aroused to such an extent that within a number of years more than $500,000 has been spent annually by the City on the Park for improvement and enlargement of the same. In 1878, the Park Commissioners reported that all the lands purchased by them or valued for purchase were worth $6,105,069. The area of the Park is estimated at 2791 acres; divided into — the Old Park 117 acres, East Park, 510 acres, West Park, 1232 acres, Wissahick- on, 416 acres, — water surface, 373 acres, — area of the park proper, 2648 acres, area of outlying plots, 143 acres; in all 2791 acres. * Note. In the year 1812, Frederick Graff and John Davis were directed to examine the best modes for procuring water for the City. These two men selected Morris Hill (Fairmount) as location best suited for this purpose. A dam was built across the Schuylkill, which, at the same time, improved the navigation of the river, and now the erection of the works to throw water into the basins by water power alone and to pump the necessary water into reservoirs on said hill could begin. The dam was finished July, 1821, and first wheel and pump were put in operation in July, 1822. 8 Tlie Park contains such a llarge number of lare trees and plants that it well deserves to be given also the appellation of a botanical garden. In the report of the Park Commissioners, we are told that 5,365,000 persons entered the Park on foot during the year. Of horse-back riders, there were 64,000; of vehicles of all kinds, 1,131,- 900. Every year the number of visitors to the Park increases. Among the pedestrians are many who have means to ride whenever they desire to do so, but prefer walking. Those who do not walk in the Park know nothing of its wooded in- closures and shaded paths. There are portions even in the neighborhood of such well known points as L.ansdowne, George's Hill and Belmont which are of great beauty and of which the carriage driv- ing park visitors know nothing. The Park in summer time, and, indeed, in all seasons of the year, is a glory to the city. ~-l SKETCH OF LIFE OF ROBERT MORRIS ^^d THINK it will be interesting to hear Jim something of this important man, 1^1 who, a century and a half ago, was ^--^ the owner of Lemon Hill and part of the land north of Girard avenue bridge, called at that time ''Hills of Schuylkill." Robert Morris, the financier of the American Revolution, was born in Liverpool, Eng- land, in 1733. He came to Philadelphia at an early age and entered the counting-house of Charles Wil- ling. In 1754, at the age of twenty years, he form- ed a partnership with Charles Willing's son, which lasted until 1793. Tile firm of Willing & Morris became the largest impOFting 'house. The appointment of Robert Morris by the As- sembly of Pennsyftrania, 1775, as one of the dele- gates to the Second Congress was his first entrance into important public lifie. Soon afterwards he was made chairman of the Secret Committee, to contract for importation of arms and ammunition. The same year he was designated as one of the committee to devise ways and means for furnish- ing thq Colonies with naval armanlents. In April, 1776, Robert Morris was especially commissioned to negotiate bills of exchange and to take other measures to procure money for the Con- gress. In a letter from Hills of Schuylkill, Morris wrote to J. Reed: 'T have uniformly voted against the Declaration of Independence because, in my poor opinion, it was an improper time, for it caused di- vision when we wanted union . . . It is the duty of every individual to act his part in whatever station his country may call him, in hours of diffi- culty, danger and distress ... I think that the individual who declines the service of his coun- try because its councils are not conformable to ^his ideas, makes but a bad subject." Subsequently, on 10 the 2d of August, when the engrossed Declaration was laid on the table to be signed, he subscrib3d with firm hand and unfaltering heart his signature to our Magna Charta. In December, 1776, when Congress retired to Baltimore on the approach of Cornwallis, a commit- tee of Morris, Clyrtler and Walton was appointed to remain in Philadelphia, with jextensive power to execute all necessary public business. It was just at this period that Washington wrote to Morris from above Trenton that unless he had a certain amount of spiecie at jonce he would be unable to keep the army together and could not foretell the result. Morris, on his personal credit, borrowed a sufficient sum, forwarded it to Washington, and enabled him to finish the victory over the Hessians at Trenton by his success at Princeton. On December 13, Morris was -again re-elected to Congress, and on the 9th of July, 1778, led the Pensylvania delegation in signing the lArticles of Confederation and Perpetual Union between the States, under which the government was carried on until supplanted, (ten years later, by the Constitution of the. United States. In spring, 1780, he organized the Bank of ^Penn- sylvania to supply army with provision, to which he subscribed 10,000 pounds. Early in the year, 1781, Congress found it nec- essary to organize the Executive Department of the Government, and, whatever may have been thought in regard to the candidates for taking charge of the finances, the public sentiment every- where pointed to Robert Morris, whose great ex- perience and success as merchant, ardor in the cause of American liberty, firmness of character, fertility of mental resouraes and profound knowl- edge of pecuniary operations, qualified him in a de- gree far beyond any other person for this arduous and responsible station. Accordingly, on the 20th of February, 1781, he was unanimously chosen to office of Suplerintendent of Finance. It is impossi- ble to recount the duties which his appointment im- posed. It was a herculean task which he managed so as to bring order out of 'chaos, success out of doubt. When the exhausted credit of the govern- ment threatened the most alarming consequences ; when the army was utterly destitute of the neces- sary supplies of food, clothing, arms and ammu- nition ; when Washington almost began to fear for the result ; Robert Morris, upon his own credit and from his private resources, furnished those pecuni- ary means without which all physical force of the country would have been in vain. Without Rob- ert Morris the sword of Washington would have rusted in its sheath. A dispassionate European his- torian says of the American Revolution : ''Certain- ly, the Americans owed and still owe as much ac- knowledgment to the financial operation of Robert Morris as to the negotiations of Benjamin Franklin or to the arms of Washington." When peace had once more fallen upon the land, Morris was chosen a delegate to the memorable con- vention which me(t in Philadelphia, May 25, 1787, and framed the Constitution of the United States. It was Morris, who, on that occasion, proposed Washington for President. In 1788 he was chosen the first Senator from Pennsylvania to the first Con- gress of the United States under the Constitution which assembled in New lYork on the 4th of March, 1789. It was mainly through his instrumentality that the seat of government was removed the next year to Philadelphia, where it remained temporarily for ten years, until the buildings were completed in the District of Columbia. Aftier serving his full term in the Senate, Mor- ris retired in 1795 from public life, speculating largely in unimproved lands in all sections of the country. In the same year he organized, with John Nicholson and James Greenleaf, the North Ameri- can Land Co., which, through the dishonesty and 12 rascality of Gneenleaf, finally caused his ruin and burdened the closing years of his life with utter poverty. The government, which he carried on his^ own shoulders through adversity into pros- perity, allowed him to remain from the i6th of February, 1798, until the 26th of August, 1801, a jleriod of three years, six months and ten days, an mmate of a debtor's prison without raising a hand to help him ; thus adding another link to the chain v^hich proves that republics are ungrateful. Mor- ns survi\1ed his imprisonment not quite five years dying the 7th of May, 1806, in his 73d year 13 MONUMENTS. WORKS OF ART AND DECORATION IN THE FAIRMOUNT PARK EAST PARK WASHINGTON MONUMENT. ^y HIS beautiful and imposing monument / I to the father of this country was ^F ^ erected by the Pennsylvania Society ^^ of the Cincinnati in 1896, and was unveiled by President McKinley amid joyous cerem^onies in which the whole city participated, in May, 1897. The amount of its cost was raised by subscription and amounted to about $280,000. Professor Rudolph Siemering, of Berlin, Germany, designed the monument. The thirteen steps, symbolical of the original thirteen States of the Union, lead up to a platform from which rises a pedestal of granite, rich with carving and bronze ornamentation. On the pedestal stands the equestrian figure of Washington — 20 feet high. This monument stands at the Green street entrance to the Park. LINCOLN MONUMENT. \^ On September 22, 1871 (the anniversary of the Proclamation of Emancipation) a bronze statue and} monument in memory of Abraham Lincoln was erected by the Lincoln Monument Association of Philadelphia ; unveiled and dedicated on the plateau near the southeast boundary of Lemon Hill. The artist was Randolph Cross, an American residing in Rome, and the casting was done in Munich. The cost of the statue was ^$19,300 ; of the granite basie $9400. The figure is colossal in size and measures in its sitting posture 9 feet /S inches in height, the statue and base together being 32 feet high. 14 Tn the dedication a^remonies was included a pa- rade of military, which embraced the First Division of Pennsylvania Volunteers under Major General Provost and four brigades under Brigadier General John P. Bankson, J. William Hoflfman, William B. Thomas and Louis Wagner. FREDERICK GRAFF. Memorial bust of Frederick Graff, — the origina- tor and designer of the Fairmount Water Works — a Gothic canopy monument and bust, enected in the garden south of 5the fore bay by the City Councils in 1848. MARBLE DRINKING FOUNTAIN. On the walk leading northward from the Lincoln Monument, at the southeast corner of Lemon Hill. IRON DRINKING FOUNTAIN. Elm Tree — Near the Humboldt Monument ; plac- ed in 1871, cast in Philadelphia. FIVE FOUNTAINS. Bron2icd iron ; cast in Paris, France. Purchased by the Park Art Association ; placed near the Lin- coln Monument. Accepted by the Commission De- cember 8, 1877. TWO SPRAY FOUNTAINS. After those in the Champs Elysee — cast in Paris ; situated on northeast corner of plot of ground near the Lincoln Monument. HUMBOLDT MO'NUMENT. Monument statue in bronze to the memory of Alexander von Humboldt ; was presented by th6 German Society of Philadelphia. Is situated on a knoll overlooking the bridge at the southeast corner of Girard avenue and the upper drive from Lemon Hill. Cornerstone was laid September 13, 1869; dedicated !in 1871. 15 JEANNE D'ARC. Equestrian statue of Jeanue D'Arc ; bronze ; by Fremiet. The sculptor's more mature conception of the same subject that he erected in 1874 — Place de Piramides, Paris. Accepted by the Commis- sion of Fairmount Park, November 15, 1890. MORTON McMICHAEL. Morton McMichael was the president of the Park Commission. This spirited public citizen was iden- tified with every public movement that could be of advantage to his native city during ^ space of fifty years ; an ejloquent orator, a chaste and elegant writ- er and a steadfast friend. 'He was well known for his genial sentiment, wit, and amiability of dispo- sition. After his death his friends erected to his memory the bronze statue at the east side of the drive from Lemon iHill to Girard avenue bridge, in 1882. SILENUS AND THE INFANT BACHUS. Supposed to be the work of Praxiteles, the most famous of the ancient Greek sculptors. Reproduc- ed in bronze by Barbedienne, Paris, France, fraii the original in Louvre. Purchased by the Paik Art Association. Erected on a pedestal of granite, on the east sid^ of the main drive, (half way be\ tween Fairmount avienue entrance and Brown street entrance of the Old Park, in November, 1885. HEROIC BUST OF JAMES A. GARFIELD AND ALLEGORICAL FIGURE At the foot of Lemon Hill on the river front. In bronze, by Augustus St. Gaudens. Accepted by the Commission of Fairmount Park, unveiled with imposing ceremonies on Memorial Day, May 30, 1896, at 8 o'clock in the evening. Between the pilas- ters of granite is the (figure of a woman in bronze of heroic size — typical of America — young, strong, 16 dignified — holding in her hand the sword and palm, symbolical of Garfield's life, and bearing his nam)e on the shield which she holds in front of her. Sur, mounting four square granite pilasters is the bust of Garfield, of heroic size. The main pedestal is 4 feet wide, 3 feet de/ep and 17 feet high, resting upon a base 9 feet square, the secondary base pro- jecting to carry the emblematic figures. The main pedestal is flanked by four squane Ionic pilasters. The material is pink Milford granite and the style of the pedestal is pure /Greek. THE WRESTLERS. Reproduced in bronze by Barbidienne, in Paris, France ; from the original antique in the Royal Gal- lery of Florence, Italy. Presented .to the associa- tion by Mr. A. J. Drexel. Mounted on a pedestal of granite ; on the west side of the main drive at the foot of Demon Hill, near Brown street entrance, Old Park, in November, 1885. LION FIGHTERS. Colossal equestrian group ; bronze ; by Professor Albert 'Wolf, of Berlin. Cast by Bureau Bros., in 1893. Placed on natural jutting rock on the Ea^ River Drive above Girard avenue bridge, in June, 1897. HEROIC EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF GENERAL U. S. GRANT. Bronze; by D. Ch. French and Edw. C. Potter; a commission from the association ; erected by means of special subscription, together with an ap- propriation by the City Councils of Philadelphia ; unveiled on "Grant Day," Thursday, April 27, 1899. Cast by Bureau Bros., Philadelphia, and mounted on a pedestal of 'Jonesboro granite. The unveiling ceremonies were participated in by His Excellency, William McKinley, President of 17 the United States ; members of his Cabinet, Mrs. U. S. Grant (widow of General Grant) and mem- bers of her family, Major General Miles and many distinguished guests, both in military and civil life. The monument is located at the intersection of the East Park River Drive and Fountain Green Drive in Fairmount Park. FOUNTAIN OF ORESTES AND PYLADES. Modeled by Carl Steinhaeuser, Carlsruhe, Ger- many. Cast in .^bronze in Philadelphia ; erected on a pedestal of polished granite with four bronze masks, etc., near Columbia avenue entrance, East Park. From Park Art Association. Accepted by the Commission of Fairmount Park, May lo, 1884. GRAND FOUNTAIN. Twenty-five feet high, with full size life figures ; purchased in France by the Fairmount Park Art Association ; cost $8650 ; set up in East Park, near Dauphin street entrance, in 1880. THE MEDICINE MAN. Equestrian statue of an Indian ; bronze, by Cyrus E. Dallin. Purchased by the association and erect- ed in the ^East Park at the head of Strawberry Hill, near Dauphin strteet entrance. Pedestal of red Westerly granite ; unveiled December 10, 1903, and formally presented to the city of Philadelphia and the Commission of Fairmount Park at the thirty- second annual meeting of the association. HORSE TROUGH. Italian marble ; presented by Clarence S. Kates, accepted by the Commissioners of Fairmount Park on December 15, 1878, and placed on the Wissa- hickon Drive near the site of the Old Log Cabin. WILLIAM PENN. Statue of Indian marble, made by Ezekiel (sculp- tor of the group, "Religious Liberty") on Mon 18 Rinkle's Rock, Wissahickon ; presented by Hon. John Welsh, Park Commissioner. GRAND FOUNTAIN. Granite, presented to the Fairmount Park Art Association by Mrs. R. D. Wood ; set up in 1878 on the Wissahickon. THE FIRST FOUNTAIN. So called, stands upon the site of the road on the west side of tha Wissahickon, half a mile below the Indian Rock Hotel. \A. clear, cold mountain spring is carried by a spout, covered with .a lion's head, from a niche in a granite front, Kvith pilasters and pediment, with marble basin. The construction bears the date 1854. It was the gift of John Cook, a gentleman residing near Wissahickon. WEST PARK NIGHT. Bronze statue, presented to the Fairmount Park Association by Edwin N. Benson ; set up at George's Hill in 1872. ROMAN CATHOLIC CENTENNIAL FOUNTAIN. This is a great combination of statuary groups ; grand fountain and sub-fountains ; erected by the Catholic Total Abstinence Societies of Philadelphia in 1876. The central statue is Moses ; secondary statues — Bishop John Carroll, of Baltimore; Com- modore John Barry, of the Revolutionary Navy; Father Theobald Mathew (Irish apostle of temper- ance), and Charles Carroll, of Carrollton ; figures in colossal size ; erected in 1876. The sculptor was Herman Kern. 19 SOLDIERS' MONUMENT. North of Belmont avenue, dedicated May 8, 1909, to the soldiers and sailors of the Civil War; in memory of the members of the Coiirtland and Saunders Post, No. 21, G. A. R., Dep. Pa. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. In 1876 the Italian citizens of Philadelphia erect- ed a statue monument in marble, representing the great Genoese navigator. It is of heroic size, a standing figure, the right hand ilssting on a globe and the left hand holding a chart. An anchor and rope at the foot of the figure is emblematic of the career of the great sailor. On the pede'stal is the name of Columbus with bas-reli/efs representing the landing of Columbus on his discovery of the coast of America, and the coats-of-arms 'of the United States and of Italy. This handsome work stands on the west side of Belmont avenue, facing the Sunken Gardens and Horticultural Hall. These thrive pieces from fortifications in Cuba are ornamented with carved decorations, including the Royal Arm of Spain as employed by Philip V. and his queen, Elizabeth Farnese. Presented to Fairmount Park by the Park Art Association, in 1889, and placed in front of the Columbus Monu- ment on Belmont avenue : Bronze Spanish Cannon, Miltiades, date I743- Bronze Spanish Cannon, Semiramis, date 1737. Bronze Spanish Mortar, date 1731. GOETHE. On the eastern side of the Sunken Gardens, north of Hortciultural Hall; figure in bronze, standing, Inscription, ''Gewidmet von den Deutschen Phila- delphias, 1890." SCHILLER. On the western side of the Sunken Gardens, 20 near Horticultural Hall ; figure in bronze, standing. Inscription, ''Gewidmet von dem Canstatter Volks Fest Verein, 1886." DREXEL MONUMENT. South of Btelmont avenue. Statue 'of Anthony Drexel (founder of the Drexel Institute), in a sit- ting position. Inscription, "A son of (Philadelphia who did honor his native city by the uprightness of his life, his integrity and generous interest in the public welfare." (1826-1893). PEGASUS LED BY CALLIOPE and PEGASUS AND CLIO. TwO' groups in bronze, Jn)i:roic size, purchased by Robert E. Gratz and others and presented to the Park in 1872 ; set upon a pedestal at the approaches to Memorial Hall. RELIGIOUS LIBERTY This is an allegorical group, representing Lib- erty protecting Religion. It was erected by the Jewish Society of B'nai B'rith and is a tribute by the people of the Jewish faith to the toleration which has always been extended to them in this country. A female figure in armor represents the genius of Liberty. A mantle fastened at the neck falls from the left arm, which is uncovered. On the armor is a breastplate on which is wrought the shield of the United States. The Phrygian cap of Liberty, bordered with thirteen stars, is on the head of the figure. In her left hand she holds the Constitution supported by fasces. The figure at the right side represents a youth, slightly draped, with upraised face. One hand is stretched to heaven holding an urn, in which burns the sacred flame. At tlie base of the group an eagle is represent- 21 cd with its talons buried in a serpent, signifying the destruction of slavery. This beautiful monument stands upon a central plot, opposite the east front of the Horticultural Hall. The pedestal and statue stand 25 feet in height. The group in marble was executed in Rome by Ezekiel, an American sculptor. JOHN WITHERSPOON, D. D., LL. D. In West Fairmount Park; monument statute in bronze ; sculptor, J. A. Bailly. This memorial, in honor of a patriot of the Revolution and signer of Declaration of Independence, was erected prin- cipally by the aid of subscription among the mem- bers of the Presbyterian denomination. The cost was $25,000. The figure is in the dress of Colon- ial times, over which is thrown a clergyman's gown or cloak. Stands 25 feet high. VERDI. The eminent ItaHan composer, situated east of Horticultural Hall, erected by the Colonia di Phil- adelphia. FRANZ SCHUBERT. Bust, grand prize awarded to the United Ger- man Singers of Philadelphia. Newark Saengerfest 1891, presented to the Park Commission. JOSEPH HAYDN. Grand prize awarded to the United German Singers of Philadelphia; Newark Saengerfest, 1906, presented to the Park Commission. I'HE HUDSOiN BAY GRAY WOLVES. In bronze, wolves quarrelling over the carcass of a deer. By Edwin Kemeys, presented by the Fair- mount Park Association, set up in 1872 at the side of the Lansdowne drive, West Park. 22 DIANA BORGHESI. Terra cotta statue; presented to the Park Art Association, December, 1876 by Messrs. H. Doul- ton and Company, London, England. Placed in Horticultural Hall, 1876. IL PENSERO. Marble statue by Mozier, purchased by the Park Art Association ; accepted by the Commissioners of the Park, January 10, 1874. Placed in the Horti- cultural Hall. MAJOR GENERAL GEORGE GORDON MEADE the victor of the three days' battle of Gettys- burg, which decided the fate of the Civil War. Heroic equestrian statue. The United States Government donated a number of captured can- nons, and the Legislature of the State of Pennsyl- vania appropriated the sum of $5000 towards the the expense of the granite pedestal; special sub- scription largely aided by the Women's Auxiliary Committee completed the sum necessary for its erection. Cast by the Henry-Bonnard Company; mounted on a pedestal of Pennsylvania granite; accepted by the Commission of Fairmount Park, October 18, 1887. and unveiled with ceremonies participated in by representatives of military and naval forces of the United States, the Grand Army of the Republic, the National Guard and by dis- tinguished citizens. MONUMENTAL MEMORIAL. Two large columns with archway, In memory oi Pennsylvanians who distinguished themselves in the Civil War. Provided by the will of Richard Smith, whose bequest for the purpose was $500,- 000. and who provided that it be erected under the auspices of the Park Art Association. Inscrip- 23 tions: "Their strife was not for aggrandizement when conflict cleaved the North from the South; united again to enjoy the common heritage by the fathers of our country, resolving that thereafter all our people shall dwell together in unity." STONE AGE IN AMERICA. Indian group, bronze, by John J. Boyle. Mr. Boyle's spirited group represents an Indian moth- er defending her children from an attack of wild beasts. A bear's cub which she has killed with her stone hatchet, lies at her feet, and with baby clasped to her breast, she awaits the attack of the savage mother. The group is among the most masterly works which have been added to the works in the Park, and Mr. Boyle is undoubtedly, the first who has adequately presented the Indian's case in American Art. It w^as cast by Barbidienne, of Paris, and placed in the West Park, near the children's play- ground in 1888. THE DYING LIONESS. Bronze group by Professor Wilhelm Wolf, of Berlin; cast by Mueller in Munich, Germany; sy- enite pedestal; presented by the Fairmount Park Art Association in 1876; cost $4424; exhibited in the north front of the Zoological Garden. DIANA. Marble statue placed in the Horticultural Hall. LIONESS. Carrying to her young a wild boar; bronze; by August Cain. FLORENTINE LIONS. Bronzed iron; cast by Harrison, Winaus and Eastwick at the Imperial Mechanical works at Alexandrofifsky, Russia, 1849; ^^^m the pair at the entrance to the Imperial Works, which, no doubt, 24 were reproduced from those at the entrance to the Loggia di Lanzi, Florence. Of the two hons, one is ancient, from the Villa Medica at Rome; the other an imitation by Flaminio Vacca. Presented to the Association by Mrs. A. W. Eastwick, wid- ow of a member of that firm. Accepted by the Commission of Fairmount Park, 1887, and placed near the Welsh Memorial in West Park. WELSH MEMORIAL. Fountain and Garden in front of Memorial Hall. This memorial is placed on the site where the main building of the Centennial Exhibition of 1876 stood. Inscription: "John Welsh, whose benevo- lence, patriotism and good ability made him the leader and helper in good works. He dignified by his virtues, and adorned by the graces of his char- acter his many positions of honor and trust. He gave faithful service to his native city and to his country and was a benefactor to his fellowmen. As a memorial of his public services and private v/orth, his friends have placed this fountain and garden on the site of the Centennial Exhibition, 1876, with which his name is inseparably identified. (1805- 1 886)." TAM O'SHANTER. Group in four figures in red sand stone by Thom. Transferred to the Park Art Association by the trustees of the Franklin Instiute. Accepted by the Commission of Fairmount Park, November 10, 1877. 25 DESCRIPTION OF THE INTERESTING AND HISTORICAL BUILDINGS OF THE FAIRMOUNT PARK LEMON HILL MANSION. m ^ ^^ HE "Hills of Schuylkill" as it was I / "I called, was part of the Springetts- bury Farm, and consisted of 80 acres of land, purchased from F. )f>,^^*^^*^^^ Francis, July, 1770, by Robert Mor- ris, who was living there until 1798. It included the whole of Lemon Hill and Sedgeley. The house on Lemon Hill was built by Robert Morris. It was his favorite resort from business cares. This property was sold by the sheriff at the suit of the Pennsylvania Insurance Company, in 1799. The estate was sold in two parcels, Henry Pratt buying the southern portion. He improved the place very much and it was kept in very ele- gant order. Mr. Pratt tore down the Morris liouse and built the one at present standing. After his death in 1838, Lemon Hill was bought by the Bank of the United States for $225,000 and was finally sold in 1840 to the city for $75,000. This beautiful part of the Park is one of the most popular resorts in summer, when concerts are given in the open air. The amphitheatre con- tains over 3000 seats. Here visitors enjoy the fine concerts amid surroundings of extraordinary beauty and historic associations. Lemon Hill is rich in monuments and works of art, — in this part of the park are the McMichael Monument, Hum- boldt Monument, Lincoln Monument, Silenus and the Infant Bachus, Garfield Bust, etc. SEDGELEY GUARD HOUSE was once the stable and offices of the Sedgeley mansion, which stood east of it. It was originally 26 the northern portion of the Hill's estate, belonging to Robert Morris and was separated from the lat- ter in the sheriff's sale on the 25th of March, 1799; was bought by William Grammond, who built a country house in the Gothic style. Sedgeley be- came the property of Samuel Mifflin in 1806, and of James Cowles Fisher in 1812. LOG CABIN OCCUPIED BY GENERAL U. S- GRANT as his headquarters at City Point during the Campaign in Virginia, 1864-65. Presented by cit- izens in 1865 and removed to the East Park, south- west of Sedgeley Guard House. MOUNT PLEASANT. North of Girard avenue bridge, in the East Park, nearly opposite Lansdowne, on the west side of the Schuylkill, is Mount Pleasant, built in 1 761 by Captain John McPherson, a merchant and mariner. He was the father of Captain John McPherson, of the Revolutionary Army, who was killed at the Siege of Quebec. John Adams, mem- ber of the First Congress, speaks enthusistically of the beauty of the house and the richness of the entertainments. In 1777 the property was bought by Benedict Arnold (military commander, who made much money by illicit trade with the British of New York), for 16,420 pounds as marriage gift for his wife, Peggy Shippen. This property was con- fiscated by the State of Pennsylvania after Arnold's treason was discovered, subject to a life estate of his wife. The property was bought by Colonel Richard Hampton, purchased by Blair McClene- chan in 1783, sold in 1784 to Chief Justice Ed- win Shippen, the father of the wife of Benedict Arnold, and sold by him in 1792 to General Jon- othan Williams, the last owner in that line being his son Henry J. Williams, an eminent lawyer. 27 In this mansion Major General Frederick Wil- liam Augustus Baron von Steuben, Inspector Gen- eral of the Army under General Washington, resid- ed a number of years. ROCKLAND. W^est of Mount Pleasant. The estate belonged to John Lawrence and afterwards to Captain John McPherson. The mansion was built by George Thompson, a merchant, about 1810. Hie sold it in 1816 to Isaac Jones, who, with his family, occu- pied it until the estate was taken for Park pur- poses. ORMISTON. Next to Rockland is Ormiston. This property belonged to James Galloway before the Revolution. It was forfeited to the State in consequence of his treason ; bought by the trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, and sold to General Joseph Reed, once president of the Supreme Executive Council. He sold it to Edwin Burd, son-in-law of Chief Jus- tide Shippen, who named it Ormiston, after the estate of his father in Scotland. Edward Shippen Burd's son occupied this property for many years. RANDOLPH. Next to Ormiston. Occupied for many years by Samuel Shoemaker, and afterwards from 1828 un- til 1836, by Dr. Philip. (Later it was known for a number of years under the name of "Edgely" — now the name "Randolph" has been given to it. STRAWBERRY MANSION. William Lewis, lawyer, lived for some years at Summerville, which was the property immediately- south of the present Laurel Hill. It was after- wards occupied by Judge Hemphill, and after it was abandoned as a place of summer residence, it was called "Strawberry ^lansion." It was from 28 1835 a favorite place for picnics, and when it be- came park property it was established as a restau- rant. Concerts are given here during the summer months. WOODFORD MANSION. Situated near Ridge avenue, north of the Park trolley entrance. It was built by William Coleman, the friend of Benjamin Franklin, who planted here some trees known under the name ''Franklin Trees," of which one 'as still standing. During the Revolution the property came into the possession of David Franks. RITTENHOUSE BUILDING In the Wissahickon Valley there are two old mansions we could 'hardly omit. One of them is the Rittenhousfe Building, in which the astronomer Rittenhouse was born — the other LIVEZEY HOUSE. This old building, the property of the Livezey family for more than a century before it was included in the Park, was, during the Revolution, a sort of neutral territory, where British and American of- ficers met and forgot, in the company of charming ladies, that they werei at war with each other. BELMONT. Proptrty north of Lansdowne. Purchased by William Peters, brother of the Rev. Richard Pe- ters — from the widow of Daniel Jones, by deed of July 4, 1742. Th6 tract contained 220 acres. Mr. Peters ertcted a small stone house with a bay at the southern end, in a fine situation, with a grand view of the Schuylkill. It was probably "fitnished in 1743. Mr. Peters called the place "Belmont" and resided tlVere until about .the Revolution, when the use of the property was assigned to his son, Rich- ard, afterwards Judge of the ?Jnited States Dis- 29 trict Court. It is not known when the large man- sion on the north side of the original PeUers' house was built. As long as the Judge resided there, the house was the resort of the most eminent men, famous in American history and politics. Richard Peters was born yin 1744, and died in 1828. During the Revo- lutionary War he was captain of a militia company 1775-1776; secretary to the Continental Board of War 1 776- 1 78 1 : was a member of Congress 1782- 1783. (The admirality law of the United States may be said to owe him its origin) ; was United States District Judge from 1792- 1828. He was a remarkable man for his dry humor, his witty re- partee and brilliant social qualities. During the Revolution his aid and judgment were invaluable. In his garden there were two trees planted by Wash- ington and Lafayette. He was one of the founders of Philadtelphia Agriculture Society, and its presi- dent for more than 30 years. He demonstrated by a series of experiments the agricultural value of gypsum, and also introduced the cultivation of clover. The Park Commission bought this property in 1867, and established it as a restaurant, a (pavilion was then erected west of the mansion. The scenery from Belmont Mansion towards the Schuylkill and surroundings is beautiful. In 1870- 1871 a new walk, twelve feet in width, of artificial stone, was ppened through a highly picturesque ra- vine, to which was given the name ''Belmont Glen." It extends from Belmont Mansion to the Belmont station of the Reading Railway near the bank of the Schuylkill. The length of the walk is 2640 feet, following for some distancJe the meandering of a hillside brook, bordered by several springs in- closed in stone basins. MONTPELLIER. Built by George Plumstead about 1802, after- 30 wards occupied by Benjamin Johnson. The Park Commissioners gave the place the name "Cha- mounix'' MICHEAUX GROVE Was plantfcd 1 870-1 871 near the northwestern line of Lansdowne drive. It comprises sixteen spe- cies of oaks, selected for their adaptability to the soil and climate. GEORGE'S HILL. One of the brightest spots in the Park at the northwestern end is George's Hill. While the Commissioners of the Park were busily engaged in carrying out their work, thfey were surprised by an unexpected vact of generosity in the gift to them and to the city by Jesse George and his sister, Re- becca George, of that lofty piece of ground west of the assigned Park boundaries which was known as George's Hill. At that time Jesse George was over 82 years of age and his sister was also of ad- vanced age. In his communication to the Park Commissioners Mr. George stated that the ground had been in uninterrupted possession of his ancestors for many generations, and from the original settle- mient of the country. "Considering the benefits which a public park will secure for the health, rec- reation and enjoyment of the citizens of Philadel- phia, I have determined this disposition would be useful to the .people. My sister, Rebecca George, is a joint owner with me in that portion which be- longed to this estate, and she joins with me in making the same offer." The ground was 83 acres, situate at such a lofty altitude as to overlook thie city of Philadelphia in the distance. The condi- tions were that annuities of $4000 per year should be paid to Jesse and Rebecca George during their respective lives. These payments were not many. Rebecca George died Novembeir 10, 1869, aged 78 years, and Jesse George died February 14, 1873, 31 and the whole property came into possession of the city. By resolution it was determined that this portion of :the Park should be forever known as "George's Hill." LANSDOWNE MANSIO'N. Where the Horticutural Hall stands formerly stood one of the grandest mansions and one of his- toric interest. Though of later years in ruins, it should have been restored to its former appearance on account of its association, but the Commission razed it to the ground. This building was called Lansdowne Mansion, the estate of which was once so elegantly adorned and thfe home of much state- liness and festivity. The estate originally consist- ed of 142 acres on the west side of the Schuylkill and was owned by the Rev. William Smith. He sold it to John Penn (son of Richard Penn and grandson of William Penn), the last of the Gover- nors of the Province of Pennsylvania under Eng- lish rule. He added other tracts and thus increas- ed the estate to about 200 acres. Tile property ad- joined the Peters' estate at Belmont. Penn erected a stone mansion of magnificent pro- portion, mainly in Italian style. It consisted of a main building with recessed wings and a two-story portico, each story supported by pillars of Ionic or- der and surmounted with a pediment : a large bay- window projected from each end. The approach to the house was by an avenile of trees of great ex- tent. The grounds were undulating, beautifully laid out and with fine old trees and romantic glens and ravines in somewhat of its wilderness. After the death of ex-Governor Penn, in 1795, his widow, formerly Ann Allen, deeded the property to James Greenleaf, a merchant, who, though sup- posed to have great wealth, failied in speculation in real estate, and his property of Lansdowne was sold by the sheriff in 1797. William Bingham pur- chased it for $55,000. 32 From this time but for a few years only, it was the seat of hospitahty and eVjgance. Its wealthy and fashionable owners entertained the highest in the land ; Washington, Adams, Jefferson and other distinguished American and foreign statem»2n were entertained here. The Lansdowne Mansion has been occupied by the ex-King of Spain, Joseph Bonaparte, in 1816-1817. This building was cie- stroyed by fire in 1854. HORTICULTURAL HALL. One of the most interesting buildings of the Park is Horticultural Hall, containing rare plants from tropical climates — South America, Africa and Asia. The building is built of brick, stone, iron and glass : style Moresque ; situate at the head of Foun- tain avenue on the north side of Lansdowne Val- ley and northeast of Memorial Hall ; fireproof ; length, east and west 383 feet ; width, 193 feet ; height to top of lantern, y^ feet ; architect, H. J. Schwarzman ; builder, John Rice: cost, $251,937. MEMORIAL HALL. The most imposing building in the Park is Me- morial Hall, an art gallery containing art works of every description. It was built the year before the Centennial Exhibition, 1875 ; composed of granite, brick, glass and iron and is situated immediately north of ithe main building of the old Exhibition Grounds and south of Lansdowne Glen ; building, east and west, 365 feet ; height of walls, 39 feet. The dome over the rotunda rises 150 feet above the ground. It was cappltd by a colassal bell upon which stood an emblematic figure of Columbia — cast in zinc. This figure was taken down some time after the Centennial year, as it was found to be sinking, and there were fears that it might break through the dome. The plan consisted of a centre building, open arcades east and west of the main entrance and ; 33 closed pavilions at the corners. The exterior was decorated with statuary and many ornaments. Architect, H. J. Schwarzman ; builder, H. J. Dob- bins ; cost $1,500,000. WILLIAM PENN HOUSE. Built in 1682 ; it is believed to have been the first brick building in Philadelphia. Penn resided in it during a part of his first visit. It was the first State House of the Province, and originally stood on the Governor's lot between Second and Front street and below Market street, fronting on what is now Letitia street. In 1883 it was removed to Fairmount Park on the knoll southwest of Lans- downe Drive, near Girard avenue. EAGLESFIELD MANSION. On the wtst side of the Schuylkill north of Gi- rard avenue bridge and south of *' Sweet Briar" there stood the Eaglesfield Mansion, in so far of historical interest as it was built by James Green- leaf, the partner of Robert Morris in the North American Land Co., who caused the financial ruin of Robert Morris. SOLITUDE. South of Girard avenue was the villa of John Penn — son of Thomas Penn and grandson of Wil- liam Penn. Penn came to Pennsylvania to look af- ter his family interests in 1784 and bought ground oppositts "The Hills" — fifteen acres for 600 pounds sterling. Here he built the little two-story house, still standing, and occupied by the officers of the Zoological Society. The house was finished in 1785. SWEET BRIAR. Northwest of Lansdowne entrance near Girard avenue bridge ; built by Samuel Breck in 1798. He occupied this mansion for many years. A beautiful 34 view can be obtained from here toward the river and Lemon Hill. ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN. The Zoological Society was incorporated in 1859 by the General Assembly, and a site was assigned to it in Fairmount Park under the Act of Incorpo- ration. The place provided was in the West Park, north of the Spring Garden Waterworks and south of Girard avenue, near the Pennsylvania R. R. In June, 1873, the Commissioners assigned to the use of the society the property known as "Soli- tude" which formerly belonged to Thomas Penn — portion of its ground south of Girard avenue, portion of the Spring Hill and Yarnall estates. Thfc society entered upon the property, constructed large and attractive buildings for various kinds of ani- mals and the ground was opened in 1874. The Zoological Garden at present is one of the largest in this country and is one of the great attractions of the Park. 35 ANY a visitor, taking a trip to the Park, to enjoy in his leisure hours the pure air and b/eautiful scenery, scarcely imagines that these same grounds are of great historic inter- est — perhaps more than any in the United States as far as they relatie to the liberation of the Colonies from British misrule. It was fortunate for the country that about that time — now nearly 150 years ago — a number of un- usually great men were living, each of whom did his full sharfc to accomplish that great task — to make the country the land of liberty. It seems to us now almost an impossibility, if we consider the circumstances which then existed. The pioneer colonist had hardly time (under oc- casional attacks from the Indians) to cultivate his land ; still, as soon as independence was declared, he left his home and his family to offer his life for the freedom of his country. How disproportion- ate ! Poor colonists against British wealth ; un- trained voluntasrs against regular British soldiers. It was the wisdom of those great men, the lead- ers of the Revolution, which found means to over- come all obstacles and which brought at last suc- cess. It was December, 1776, when Washington wrote to Robert Morris from above Trenton, that unless he had a certain amount of specie at once, he would be unable to keep the army together and could not foretell the result. Robert Morris, of Lemon Hill, on his personal credit, borrowed a sufficient sum, forwarded it to Washington, and enabk-d him to finish the victory of the Hessians at Trenton by his success at Princeton. When the sky looked dark, when reverses had to be borne, when (enemies were in the midst of us (even on the same ground — Ben- edict Arnold, James Galloway, etc., who took part with the British), our great patriots wiere full of 36 activity and self-confidence in their struggle for right. An eminent man at that time was Richard Pe- ters, of Belmont, secretary of the Continental Board of War, of whom it is said that during the R/evo- lution his aid and judgment were invaluable. Benjamin Franklin, who many times visited these grounds (the trees he planted there are still standing), was in Frande at that time and fulfilled his great mission — alliance with France. What grteat satisfaction must it have been for him, after his return from France to see in his old age that his work had borne fruit, which caused the victory of our army and the entire defeat of the British. When peace was restored Robert Morris was chosen a delegate to the memorable convention which met in Philadelphia, May 25, 1787, and frarmed the Constitution of the United States. Dur- ing the whole session Washington was the guest of Robert Morris at Lemon Hill. Washington also frequently visited Judge Richard Peters at his home in Belmont, where he took gneat delight in the beautiful gardens. The greatest men of the country are associated with these intenesting grounds, now all included in the Philadelphia Fairmount Park — cause enough for every Philadelphian to feel proud of this beau- tiful and historic spot. 37 Jeanne D'Ai Lincoln Monument Major General George Gordon Meade Schiller Statue Bust of Verdi Humboldt Monument Statue Christopher Columbus **^.: ^^■Ill^ ^S§M^ ' "^"^^^fe' ' - ' l^^iiill^^9hl^^^^^^€^.^<^i^ ^Sift. .. m^^m Hr ^ • ■ . '..■,; ill, . •■ P ' -' ' . ^ ■-■ J I^^^^^^Bfefii-i'"i^^.-3t:- ~ « Equestrian Statue of Gen'l U. S. Grant William Penn House Morton McMichael Heroic Bust of James Garfield Religious Liberty John Witherspoon, D.D., L.L.D. Goethe Statue !i.!;i4'§?e One copy del. to Cat. Div.