Class Book >r- mv&m • s it j Ifeate&^ssrEi: ■ HMUMin Parsons & Go All UNION SAVINGS BANK, OF SARATOGA SPRINGS. Interest begins on all deposits on the first day o each month. isro t.a_:x::es Dividends first day of May and November, Deposit: received at cither the FIRST NATIONAL BANK, COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK, In Saratoga Springs, from 9 o'clock A. M. to 3 o'clock P. M. OFPICEES. JOHN S. LEAKE, President. STEPHEN Jl. RICHARDS, Sec'y and Treas. TBTJSTEES. Charles s. Lester. James M Marvin. John S. Leake. Stephen H. Richards. William Bennett. Seymour Ainsworth. Walter J. Hendrii k, John c. Hulbert. ( DRNELltfS SHEEAN. This Bank is conducted on the most conservative prin- ciples. No promises of high rates of interest will be made, and no other allurement held out to depositors, not consistent with the UTMOST JS-A.^IE.X'Y Of the funds entrusted to its care. On this basis, they may rely upon the most liberal treatment, and much better results than generally follow the high-sounding promises oi those who possess more zeal than discretion or expert- en 1 e, and who would turn the honored Savings Bank into a borrowing machine, instead of preserving its solid character as the Trusted Depositary of t/te People's Money. j \ i ; =»j J O HOW TO SEE IT! illllll llllllllllllllllll lH VIEW OF CONKLING'S REAL ESTATE OFFICE. A PHOTO. BY STERRY. SARATOGA, :hiow to sieie it. CONTAINING A DESCRIPTION OF THE WATERING PLACE, % f wate on its pimral springs, By DR. R. F. DEARBORN. The Lord hath created medicines out of the earth, and he that Is wise will not ahhor them." Published Annually. ALBANY: ns & ( 1873. £• « i r v( 271 Entered, according to act of Congress, in the year 1873, By R. F. DEARBORN, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. WEED, PARSONS AND COMPANY, PRINTERS AND STEREOTYPERS, ALBANY, N. Y. A/inrwnfr a \ "fy* vvi 1 nUKA\ xt 1 APR 10 1919 Places of luteal fin tlie ffij iaifciife-Saritosa. l WASii ^UTCUM, - D. 0. 1 JEUffiCM iEtna Spring, High Rock Spring, SSST J AN -. 7 i {Ilitfjian Encampment, '^Indian Spring, Bemis Heights, Lake Lovely, Benedict's Sulphur Spring, Lake Saratoga, Chapman's Hill, Luzerne, Circular Railway, Marble Works, Columbian Spring, Pavilion Spring, Cohoes Falls, Putnam's Spring, Congress Park, Race Course, Congress Spring, Red Spring, Corinth Falls, Saratoga " A " Spring, Crystal Spring, Seltzer Spring, Deuel Spring, Star Spring, Diamond Spring, Stiles' Hill, Drs. Strong's Turkish Baths, Surrender Ground, Ellis Spring, Ten Springs, Empire Spring, Triton Spring, Eureka Spring, Trout Ponds, Excelsior Park, United States Spring, Excelsior Spring, Union Spring, Excelsior Lake, Verd Antique Marble Works, Geyser Spring, Washington Spring, Glass Factory, Wagman's Hill, Glacier Spring, Water Works, Glen Mitchell, Wearing Hill, Hagerty Hill, White Sulphur Spring, Hamilton Spring, Y. M. C. A. Rooms. Hathorn Spring, Sterescopic views and Photographs of the above can be had of Sterry, Clarendon Park Studio. For the location of these places, see map. No charge is made to visitors for the use of the waters, except a trifling fee to the " dipper boys," and even this is at the option of the visitor. PREFACE. The proper understanding and explanation of Mineral Waters is, at best, a problem of considerable difficulty. Germany boasts of over two hundred treatises on its Spas. In America, which ranks second only to Germany in the number and value of its Springs, if it does not surpass that country, the literature of the subject consists almost altogether of the advertising pamphlets and circulars of the owners of Springs, many of whom proclaim their waters a universal "panacea for all the ills that flesh is heir to," publishing unprofessional and unreasonable testimonials and vaunted cures, in the same style as the patent medicine almanacs and eulogisms of quacks with which our country abounds. Mineral waters are coming into a more extended use, and, possessing properties of the utmost value, they merit the attention of the ablest physicians. The Springs and wells of Saratoga are so numerous, and the rivalry between them so natural, that to deal justly and impartially in describing all of them, and to state concisely the advantages and peculiarities of each, is a task which one who has never attempted cannot fully appreciate. The writer has not the slightest pecuniary interest in any mineral spring, and he has endeavored to treat all with equal candor. Devoting a large share of his time to the study of min- eral waters and their effects, he hopes to elaborate the sub- ject more definitely in some future edition of this unpre- tending work. Meanwhile he extends his thanks to the Superintendents of the Springs, and to many citizens of Saratoga for the courtesies they have extended to him. Saratoga, June, 1873. R. F. D. CHAPTER 1. SARATOGA AS A WATERING PLACE. HE question " where to spend the Sum- mer?" is usually discussed by paterfa- milias, anxious mammas and uneasy children long before the summer solstice drives them from the pent-up confines of the busy metropolis to the pure air and quiet recreation of country life. Many will visit the seaside, some will climb the mountains or explore the forests. Fashion, in most instances, determines the place of resort, and has fixed on certain localities, or courts of its acknowledged leaders, where not to have been seen at least is to have been buried for the season. One place has held through the many years the highest rank, both from intrinsic merit, and from an unfluctuating devotion of the fashionable world, and has been aptly termed " The Queen of American Watering Places." " Scenes must be beautiful, which, daily viewed, Please daily, and whose novelty survives Long knowledge and the scrutiny of years." The village of Saratoga — where dwells the benign god- dess Hygeia, in the midst of her far-famed waters of life and health — is pleasantly situated within the heart of a broad stretch of varied table-land, in the upper part and near the eastern boundary of New York, with an elevation of three hundred feet above tide-water, and in the vicinity of the 6 SARATOGA, mountain ranges which form the watershed between the St. Lawrence and Lake Champlain. Routes to Saratoga. During the visiting season trains from the metropolis reach the place in five hours and thirty minutes — a distance of 186 miles. You can leave the city at nine o'clock in the morning, and, upon the soft-cushioned seats, and amid the damask and velvet of Wagner's magnificent drawing-room cars, enjoy a pleasurable journey up the famous Hudson, till you arrive at Saratoga early in the afternoon. Or, by the four o'clock train, Saratoga is reached in the evening. If pleasure is the object, and enjoyment of the lordly Hudson's bewildering beauty is desired, one of the steam palaces that plough the river should be taken. The most luxurious and elegant, and the safest and surest of these are the boats of the People's Line. The contrast between the accommodations of these boats and certain others nearly as large, is so great as to leave no question which route is preferable. Distances. Albany 38 miles. Boston, via Rutland.. 230 " Philadelphia 274 " Washington 412 " Chicago 841 " White Mountains.... 322 " Boston, via Albany. . . 230 " Troy 32 miles. New York City 186 " Niagara 311 " Lake George 45 " Montreal 202 " Quebec 392 u Rutland 62 " The History Of this fashionable resort embraces a century. The muse of history has marked the spot with one of her red battle- flags, and thus distinguished her from the herd of new places whose mushroom growth is like that of the gentility which they harbor. SARATOGA. The healing virtue of Saratoga water was unfolded by the aborigines to their friend and patron, Sir William John- son, Bart., in 1767, when he was borne to the spring on a litter. By the use of the water, in a few weeks he was restored to health. This region, now the haunts of fashion, was then a howling wilderness, with a few hats of the Indians scattered through the valley. We may imagine the unctuous " ugh " of content or of disgust — according to task — with which some antedeluvian " Hole-in-the-Day," bent down in the primeval woods, and pushing aside the woods and brakes, won an appetite for breakfast from the stimulus of the bubbling brook. The scene must have been more picturesque, though may be less comfortable than that now presented of the beaux and belles daintily touching the crystal glass with gloved fingers guarding their costly garments and silken robes from the smallest drop of the precious liquid. In 1783, General P. Schuyler and family came from Fish Creek and spent several weeks, ensconced in a tent near High Rock. The woods abounded with wild game. Bears, deer, wolves and moose were seen almost every day, and the small stream which runs through the valley was the abode of beaver, and great quantities of salmon trout. Deer and moose resorted to the place to drink the mineral water, and, while in pursuit of this beverage, they would appar- ently lose their wildness and suffer themselves to be closely approached, and were thus frequently shot by the hunters and Indians as they were regaling themselves at the foun- tain, of which there is every reason to believe they were voraciously fond. In 1797, Dr. Valentine Seaman, of New York city, made the first chemical experiments on the waters, publishing his results in a small volume, copies of which are now in 8 SARATOGA, the possession of the older citizens. In many respects Dr. Seaman's conclusions are sustained by the later experiments and use of the waters, while in others his highest expecta- tions have been surpassed by the reality. In 1789, Mr. Gideon Putnam settled in his log cabin at Saratoga, while, in 1803, he opened the first Union Hotel and displayed his primitive sign of " Old Put and the Wolf." This old sign is a rude and curious painting representing Putnam at the mouth of a cave grasping a wolf's head while one of the neighbors held Putnam by the boots. His colored servant, with musket and powderhorn, stands by, and Putnam's friends and his faithful dogs watch the scene. The painting illustrates an incident of Mr.. Put- nam's bravery while a citizen of Connecticut, and before he emigrated to Saratoga. The curious sign of " Putnam's Tavern & Boarding House " is still sacredly preserved by a member of the family — Dr. L. B. Putnam. How many daily arrivals Union Hall had at this time is not upon the record, nor does history enlighten us as to Putnam's bill of fare, or his per diem. What changes have occurred since this primitive sign was displayed, until the structure has grown too stately to bear any sign at all ! The village consisted of only three or four cabins, one of which was built by Gen. Schuyler, and which continued to be his summer home until his death. The visitors were almost entirely invalids at this early day. At length the character of the waters, and the excellency of the accommodations afforded to visitors, began to be more generally known and justly appreciated, and the little village, as it emerged from the surrounding wilderness, began to present the appearance of a place of fashion and extravagance, and, from being the mere humble abode of 10 SARATOGA, the indigent and infirm, suddenly became the resort of the most polite and polished society which our country af- forded. CONGRESS SPRING IN THE OLDEN TIME. The " View of Congress Spring in 1816/' is a reduced copy on wood of a curious and rare steel engraving, printed in 1817 in Dr. William Meade's " Experimental Enquiry into the Chemical Properties and Medicinal Quali- ties of the Principal Mineral Waters of Ballston and Sara- toga." The author of this work — an elaborate volume of 200 pages octavo — was an eminent physician and chemist of Philadelphia, and a member of various learned and philosophical societies. He had been preceded in this field of research by Dr. Valentine Seaman, of New York, a very distinguished physician of that day, who had published a work in 1793 and 1809, entitled, " A Dissertation on the Mineral Waters of Saratoga, including an Account of the Waters of Ballston." At the date of Dr. Seaman's later publication, Saratoga had already eclipsed Ballston in the fame of its mineral waters ; but the latter, having been for a time the fashiona- ble resort, still offered the better accommodation for visi- tors. The only public house then open in Saratoga was a building of seventy feet in length, erected by Gideon Put- nam in 1802, on the site of Union Hall — now the Grand Union — until within a recent date owned and occupied by his descendants. Putnam's sign, a rudely representation of " Putnam and the Wolf," is still preserved as a carious relic by one of his family. The Congress Hall was begun in 1811, by the same hardy and resolute pioneer, and, at the date of Dr. Meade's publication, was a large and fashiona- ble hotel. SARATOGA. 1 1 Dr. John H. Steel published his first treatise on " The Mineral Waters of Saratoga and Ballston " in 1817, a second edition of which appeared in 1819, and in 1831-& appeared his enlarged work on the same subject. We quote from Saratoga and its Mineral Waters, by C. C. Dawson, Esq. : It is a noteworthy circumstance that the attention of the eminent scientific men above named was thus early directed to these waters. Their experiments, the methods and results of which are carefully recorded, furnish ample confirmation of the statement that " there has been no appreciable change in the chemical properties or medicinal qualities of these waters," and that " they retain their original character in a remarkable manner." It may be noted also that Dr. Steele, in his later work (1832), states particularly of Congress Spring that " the water of this fountain retains its original properties, or its medicinal qualities, the same at least as they were twenty years ago ; " and to this must be added the recent statement of Prof. C. F. Chandler, one of the leading chemists of our day, who certifies that a comparison of his own analysis (recently made and published herewith)" with the analysis made by Dr. John H. Steel in 1832, proves that the Congress Water still retains its original strength and all the virtues which established its well-merited reputation. We may add that the popularity of this spring is still increasing, and the water is shipped to every section of the civilized world. In 1831, there was a subscription raised to help build a railroad from the city of Schenectady to Saratoga, and, at that time, it was thought a great achievement if Saratoga could be reached by rail from New York in fifteen or twenty hours. A physician writing from the place, at that 1 2 SARATOGA, time, said : " The advantage of a railroad excursion, con- nected with the use of the waters, must prove of incalcula- ble benefit to invalids, especially to the enfeebled, and will determine thousands annually in the selection of the springs as the most favored spot for the recovery of health." It is not necessary for us to follow Saratoga through its misfortunes and its successes, its fires and its improve- ments, until it has reached its present reputation and attractiveness. Year after year the water swells up its sparkling currents ; year after year a little paint and plaster new-decks the great caravansaries ; year after year belles blush and sigh away the summer, or, linking their destinies, rejoice or repine at leisure ; and year after year, for a short four months of sequence, the little town swarms and rejoices with merry glee. The Village At the present day, is large enough to possess a fixed popu- lation of some 9,000 ; it has double, and perhaps treble, this number in the visiting season ; with elegant and costly churches, mammoth hotels and metropolitan stores, afford- ing every thing desirable, from a paper of pins to the rarest diamonds and laces, it has been called " rus in urbe " — more properly, urbs in rure. The principal street is Broadway, miles in length, ample in breadth, and, for the most part, shaded with a double line of graceful elms. Its extremities are adorned with beautiful villas. The Fifth avenue of the place, where the handsomest residences are located, is Circular street, east of the Park. Beautiful dwellings may also be found on Lake avenue and Franklin street. The streets are thronged with a gay and brilliant multitude, engaged in riding, SARATOGA. 1 3 driving, walking, each enjoying to the utmost a fascinating kind of busy idleness. Arrival. Upon his arrival at the railway station, the traveler is surrounded by swarms of hotel porters and runners, each one crying lustily for the establishment which they repre- sent. By recent restrictions, the porters of each hotel are expected to stand under the sign of their houses, which ornament almost the entire length of the tasteful structure. In any watering-place, The Passenger Depot Is naturally a place of special interest. Visitors are no sooner settled in their summer quarters than they become interested in the incomings and outgoings of their fellow men, watching eagerly if perchance any old acquaintance may turn up. The contrast between city and country life in this respect is noticeable. Those who, amid the race for wealth in the cities, can scarcely afford a nod to intimate friends, here greet a slight acquaintance even with a. friendliness and cordiality undreamed of in the busy town. The station at Saratoga is elegant and tasteful, facing an open square, adorned with fountain and shade trees. It is built of brick, with elaborate iron trimmings from the Corrugated Iron Company of Springfield, Mass. The inte- rior is of black walnut. A rapid glance at all this will satisfy the tourist for the present ; and, with visions of attentive porters, his thoughts will be of clean napkins and what may be afforded in the way of Accommodations for Man and Beast. About 15,000 visitors can at one time be quartered in the gay watering-place, and consequently to pen up all the 14 SARATOGA. fashionable flock, within the limits of so small a town, requires no little tact. During August, Saratoga is always full, crowded — squeezed. Saratoga has the largest and most extensive hotels in the world. There are in all from thirty to forty, and in 16 SARATOGA. addition to them numerous public and private boarding- houses accommodate large number Of guests. Among the hotels, the gem of Saratoga, and one of the finest, if not the finest, hotel in this country, is Congress Hall. Extending from Spring to Congress street, with a front on Broadway of 416 feet, and reaching with its two mam- moth wings 300 feet back, it is architecturally a perfect beauty. The rooms are large and elegant. The halls are ten feet wide, and broad, commodious stairways, with the finest elevator in the country, render every portion readily accessible. A front piazza, 20 feet wide and 240 feet in length, with numerous others within the grounds, and a promenade on the top of the hotel affording a charming view, contribute to render the house attractive. The dining halls, parlors, etc., are superb and ample, and every thing about the house is on a scale of unequaled magnifi- cence and grandeur. The proprietors have endeavored to incorporate into this hotel every thing that can afford comfort and pleasure, at whatever expense. The cut of Congress Hall will give some idea of its out- lines, but fails to do it justice. It must be seen to be appreciated, and when seen commands the unqualified admiration of the beholder. It was erected in 1868, by H. H. Hathorn, Esq., the proprietor of the old Congress Hall, and one of the most influential citizens of Saratoga. The balls which occur every Friday eve surpass all others in America in rich toilets, fashionable attendance, and the music of Bernstein's unrivaled orchestra. SARATOGA. 19 The Grand Union Hotel. This mammoth establishment is located on the west side of Broadway, and with its magnificent grounds embraces a space seven acres in extent, covering nearly an entire square. It is a splendid brick structure, with a street frontage of 1,364 feet. The office, parlor, dining room and dancing hall are unequaled for size, graceful architecture and splendid equipments and finish — the former exhibit- ing a lavish display of white and colored marbles, while a series of colonnades rise from the center to the dome. Within the capacious grounds are several elegant cottages which are greatly sought for by the elite. A vertical rail- way, comprising the latest improvements, renders the six stories so easy of access as to be equally desirable to guests. The capacity of this house is greater than that of any other in the world. Some idea of its immensity may be formed from the following statistics : Length of piazzas, one mile ; halls, two miles ; carpeting, twelve acres ; marble tiling, one acre; number of rooms, eight hundred and twenty-four , doors, one thousand four hundred and seventy- four ; windows, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-one ; the dining-room is two hundred and fifty feet by fifty -three feet, and twenty feet high, and will accommodate at one time 1,200 people. During the past winter, the Union has been frescoed in the most artistic manner, and numerous improvements introduced. Music on the lawn at nine in the morning and at three and a half in the afternoon by Prof. J. M. Lander's cele- brated orchestra. Hops every evening. Interesting statistics of this house are given elsewhere. SARATOGA. 21 The Grand Hotel. Congress Park— W. W. Leland & Co. A new structure, surpassing any watering-place hotel in the world, in beauty of location, graceful architecture and elegant equipments. The exterior of the house is most imposing. It is five stories in height, with a French roof, and has a street frontage of 580 feet, and by far reaching wings incloses quite a park. In the basement are twenty-five stores, besides reading- rooms, billiard-rooms, etc. The hotel has 650 rooms, and accommodates one thousand guests. The dining-room and hop rooms are 200 feet long. Silverware to the amount of $15,000 is used on its tables, and 150 waiters are in constant attendance. Fifty car loads of furniture all of black walnut and marble have been used in adorning the spacious apartments, while the softest spring beds and hair mattresses furnish couches of ease and luxury. A fine passenger elevator is at the service of the guests. An electric annunciator, requiring ninety miles of telegraph wire, and connecting every room with the office by a double line of wires, affords the best possible communica- tion. In short, every modern improvement has been adopted, and no expense has been withheld to make the Grand Hotel of Saratoga a summer home of which the nation may be proud. Looking out upon the green vista of Congress Park, and upon the interesting crowds of visitors who always throng around the famous spring, affording from its windows and piazzas an ample view of the most fashionable part of Broadway and the Boulevard to the Lake, and embracing GRAND HOTEL, CONGRESS PARK-W. W. LELAND & CO., PROPRIETORS SARATOGA. 23 in its outlook the colonnades of the other hotels, its loca- tion and surroundings are perfectly enchanting. The Grand Hotel is under the personal supervision of Maj. W. W. Leland, whose name is a household word among the first families of America as the leading hotel manager on the continent. Epicureans need no assurance that ""Whatever toothsome food or sprightly juice, On the greenbosom of this earth, are found, Are there displayed." Guests upon their arrival are met at the door by the affable proprietor, and without delay introduced to spacious apartments where clean towels, the whitest china and every attention make them feel perfectly at home. Gilmore's Jubilee Band furnish the music at this hotel. The United States. The old United States Hotel, -which was unfortunately burned to the ground in the summer of 1865, was com- menced in 1823 by Mr. John Ford. It was enlarged in 1825, and afterward passed into the hands of Messrs. James M. Marvin & Co., under whose management it gained the reputation of being one of the most excellent and most fashionable, as it was one of the most capacious, establish- ments of the kind in the country. There were guests of the United States who had sum- mered under its hospitable roofs year after year from youth to age, storing up thousands of happy memories of the old place, which were rudely disturbed when it passed away ; endless and varied are the associations which cling to the spot. Many staid matrons and grave sires, now per- haps thousands of miles distant, who once danced and 24 SARATOGA. sighed together in the vanished parlors and the silent groves, will recall scenes of great pith and moment, which perchance gave color — rosy color, let us hope — to all their after life. As the stately structure rises again in new elegance and splendor how these old habitues love to recount the days of yore, so that the gouty foot becomes almost the light fantastic toe again, at the remembrance of all the gay revelry it once shared in the old festive halls. The New Structure. The illustration which our artist has drawn from the plans kindly furnished us by Messrs J. D. Stevens & Vaughn, the architects, will present some idea of a portion of the edifice, but so vast are the buildings, and so extensive their frontage, that we have found it impossible in a single illustration to give a complete view of this mammoth hotel. The following condensed statistics will assist the reader in forming some idea of the new United States, which is to far surpass in size and elegance every hotel on the globe. It will have a street frontage of 900 feet, and a row of parlor cottages 516 feet in length — all of the room in suites; but the specialty of the house will be the size and beauty of its private parlors, of which there will be sixty with from three to five sleeping rooms, and a bathroom, and water-closet attached to each. The cottages are entirely separate and secluded from each other, and will doubtless be the pride of the elite. There will be 1,100 rooms in the house, of which 768 are to be bed-rooms. Ball room 118 feet by 54 feet, and 20 feet high. Dining-room 210 feet by 52 feet, and with the ceiling 20 feet from the floor. Parlors 86 feet by 50 feet, and two of 24 feet by 52 feet. SARATOGA. 25 Two passenger elevators will accommodate the guests, and electricity will be the means of communication throughout the house. It is to be entirely of brick, and will be rendered fire- proof by thick fire walls. The hotel is being erected by Messrs. Ainsworth, Tomp- kins and Perry. The lot cost $150,000, and the estimated cost of the hotel is one million. It will be completed some time before the next season, and when the 1st of June, 1874, dawns upon us, it will witness the opening of a palace which Aladdin with wondering eyes would journey to see. Our statistics we believe to be reliable, having been obtained with great care. The Clarendon Is patronized by a very aristocratic and select class of guests. Its location is very picturesque ; and within its inclosure, magnificently circled by elms and covered with a superb pagoda, is the celebrated Washington spring. The Leland Spring, named in honor of the affable pro- prietor of the hotel, is also within the grounds. The Everett House, On South Broadway, a few steps beyond the Clarendon, is well patronized by a wealthy and cultivated class of guests. A very pleasant piazza surrounding the front of the house, and a pretty lawn and cottage in the grounds, are attractive features of this summer hotel. The house has a home-like appearance and a delightful location. Im- provements and additions are now contemplated, to be completed before next season, which will render this one of the most beautiful summer hotels in America. 36 SARATOGA. The table of the Everett House is unsurpassed in Saratoga. Mr. B. V. Fraser, the proprietor, keeps his hotel in the best style. The Columbian Hotel, Mr. D. A. Dodge, proprietor, is a new hotel on Broadway, opposite Congress Park, and just south of the Crystal Spring. A more beautiful and central location is not to be found in the limits of the famous watering place. It is just where everybody want to be, and yet is free from noise, is home-like and patronized by superior society, and the prices of its accommodations are very reasonable. To those who visit Saratoga for genuine recreation, for sight- seeing, or for health, the Columbian Hotel offers special advantages. Every thing about this hotel is new, fresh and delight- ful. With its charming location, its perfect neatness, and its agreeable society, what more could be asked ? The Holden House, On the west side of Broadway, just above the Marvin House, is one of the smaller hotels where the prices are moderate, the table excellent, and every thing neat and clean. It is open throughout the year, and is a nice place to stop. Major W. J. Biggs is the proprietor. To describe all of Saratoga's hotels would require a large book. We have endeavored to select and describe the best, and only the best, and while we would not disparage the many other hotels, some of which are kept in an excellent manner, we carefully, honestly and cordially recommend those we have described as among the best, and perhaps as the best, in town, and our readers can rely fully upon our description. We speak thus strongly because we have found so many guide-books unreliable and regardless of truth, and because we believe our careful selection and description is a valuable feature of this work. 28 SARATOGA. Boarding Houses abound in all parts of the village. Some are large and commodious, and others private and homelike. The prices vary, not always according to the location and accommoda- tions. The Vermont House on Grove, corner of Front street, and just north of the Presbyterian church, is one of the largest and best. It has been enlarged during the past season, and is now superior to some of the more pretending hotels in its handsome ex- terior, its well-furnished apartments and the finish of its public rooms. The culinary department receives its sup- plies direct from the proprietor's farm. The prices at this boarding house are much lower than for similar accommodations in any of our cities, and those who wish to live well, and yet very reasonably while at Saratoga, will find this just the place they want. The Institute of Dr. Strong is an excellent boarding house. Its parlors and dining- rooms are tasteful and elegant. Among the features of the house are family prayers for the guests, for which there is no additional charge?) The Institute is well sup- plied with " Equalizers," " Vacuum treatments," and other patented " appliances " for invalids. 32 SARATOGA. Temple Grove Seminary- Is beautifully situated in a grove, on what was formerly called Temple Hill, hence the name. The grounds occupy the whole square on Spring street, between Circular and Regent streets. All the noted springs of Saratoga are within a few minutes' walk of the Seminary, while Congress Park is but one block distant. The institution for the last five years has been under the efficient management of Charles F. Dowd, A. M., a graduate of Yale College, and it affords the best of advantages for a complete, solid and ornamental education. The " Regular Graduating Course " occupies a period of four years, and embraces the principal studies pursued in our best colleges for young men, while much liberty is allowed to "optional studies," which afford facilities for the more modern and artistic accomplishments. Not only is every advantage afforded for intellectual improvement, but the religious and moral culture of the students is con- scientiously cared for in a liberal and faithful Christian spirit. Among the patrons of the Seminary are some of the best families of the leading cities of the country. These supe- rior advantages are afforded at very reasonable charges, as may be learned from the annual catalogue. The terms are lower than could be offered were it not that, during the summer months, the Seminary receives a practical endow- ment through the use of its building for boarding purposes. From June to September, its spacious and well furnished rooms and well supplied tables dispense to its patrons the comforts and luxuries of a first-class hotel. Porters are at the depot to meet all trains. With its delightful grove and grounds, a few steps removed from the bustle and confusion of the great hotels, 34 SARATOGA. arid its accessibility to all the springs in Saratoga, this Seminary is particularly desirable to lovers of health and comfort. It is designed, specially, for the Christian and lit- erary public. The Churches Are commodious and built with special reference to the visiting population. They are ministered to by resident pastors, of culture and repute, and their pulpits are filled during the season by distinguished divines from all sections of the country. The Methodist Society have the most elegant and con- veniently located edifice. It was dedicated in 1872, and is situated on the north side of Washington street, just above the Grand Union. It is built of brick with sand-stone trim- mings, and cost $116,000. Rev. J. M. King is the pastor. Residence, Phila street. The Episcopal church, nearly opposite the Methodist, is a modern edifice of stone most pleasing in its architecture. Rev. Dr. Camp is the rector. The Presbyterian church is a large brick structure, some little distance up Broadway, and beyond the new Town Hall. Rev. Mr. Newman, pastor. The Baptist church is a brick edifice on Washington street, near the railroad. Rev. E. A. Wood, pastor. The Congregational church is directly over the post-office on Phila street. Rev. N. F. Rowland, pastor. The Catholic church occupies a commanding and agree- able location upon South Broadway, just beyond the Claren- don Hojel. Rev. Father McNerney, pastor. The Second Presbyterian church meets in Newland Chapel, on Spring street, near Temple Grove Seminary. Rev. J. N. Crocker, pastor. The Free Methodist chapel is on Regent street. A list of the services, and the hours of holding them, is SARATOGA. 35 published every Saturday iu the daily Saratogian. The Saratogian is the " old established " paper, and seems to be as firm in its foundation as the rock from which the Saratoga waters issue. Eli Perkins informs us that Sara- toga was named from the Saratogian. Col. Ritchie is one of the spiciest editors to be found. ■?he Hall and Reading Rooms of the Y. M. O. A. Are in the town hall on Broadway. Daily prayer meetings are held in the Congregational church (over the post-office on Phila street;. These meetings are especially for, and conducted by, the summer guests, and are undenomina- tional, and well attended. Those who think Saratoga only a place of folly and fashion will be surprised by a visit to these interesting meetings. Christians from all over the world meet here and join with each other in prayer and praise and sacred song. Although these meetings are not peculiar to Saratoga, they are none the less precious, espec- ially to those who love their Master's work. Country Seats. The villa residences of Saratoga are numerous and attrac- tive, though they are not so marked a feature in the char- acter of the place as at Newport. The village offers great inducements to summer as well as to permanent residents. We present a few illustrations of the many attractive villas which are now building or are occupied by prominent citizens, but we have not space to make individual mention of the many beautiful houses at Saratoga. Real Estate, While not exorbitant, as at Newport and other watering places, the prices of real estate in Saratoga, as might be expected, are somew'iat higher than usually reign in vil- lages of its size. The value of real estate is enhanced very SARATOGA. 37 much yearly ; the average rise, for several years, has been about ten per cent per annum. The size of the village and the number of the resident population — now about 9,000 — is constantly increasing. Numerous and costly dwellings are being erected on almost every street. The village thrives, and it may be confidently hoped that, with its numerous and peculiar attractions, this beautiful valley will ere long become the center of a vast population. Edu- cational institutions and manufacturing interests should flourish here. There is a great demand for tasteful cottages for summer residents. As a permanent home, Saratoga is delightful and attrac- tive. The climate is excellent. The home society is very pleasant, and uncorrupted by the flash and glitter of the summer carnival. At one portion of the year the most distinguished, culti- vated and wealthy of our own country are gathered here — and sight-seeing can be done at home and on our own door- steps. The many blessings which follow in the train of wealth and culture are found here. Travelers from other climes who visit our country seldom return until they have drank from these celebrated fountains. An opportunity is afforded in the various pulpits of the village to listen to the most eloquent preachers of the day. The schools are good, and presided over by persons of skill and experience. Those of our readers who desire more particular informa- tion in regard to real estate and permanent and transient homes in Saratoga, are referred to Messrs. Wm. M. Searing & Son, of Ainsworth's Place, rooms 12 and 13. CHAPTER II. DRIVES AND WALKS AND PLACES OF INTEREST. .HE most fashionable drive is the new Boulevard to the Lake. Until recently there have been few attractions besides the gay and brilliant procession of car- riages with their fair occupants and superb horses. The drive is four miles in length, with a row of trees on each side and one in the middle. Carriages pass down on one side and return on the other. No sooner have we turned by the Con- gress Spring than we are in a long level reach of plains, dotted here and there with trees of pine and fir, with a few distant hills of the Green Mountains rolling along the hori- zon. It is a city gala at the hotel, but the five minutes were magical, and, among the trees and rural scenes upon the road, we remember the city and its life as a winter's dream. The vivid and sudden contrast of this little drive with the hotel is one of the pleasantest points of Saratoga life. In the excitement of the day it is like stepping out, on a summer's evening, from the glaring ball room upon the cool and still piazza. Near the outlet of the lake, on a bluff fifty feet above the surface of the water, is Moon's Lake House, One of the features of Saratoga. There is a row of carriages at the sheds — a select party is dining upon those choice SARATOGA. 39 trout, black bass and young woodcock. The game dinners are good, the prices are high, and the fried potatoes are noted all over the world. They have never been success- fully imitated. Are done up in papers and sold like con- fectionery. The gayly dressed ladies indulge in beatific expressives as they feast upon them. A capital story is told of Moon, the proprietor — indeed he tells it " himself." A few months after one of his " sea- sons " had closed, he chanced to be in Boston, where he hired a horse and buggy to drive out to Chelsea. When he returned and called for his bill, the livery stable-keeper charged him about six times the usual price ; and when an explanation of such an extraordinary charge was demanded* replied, " Mr. Moon, I presume you do not recognize me, but last summer I took dinner at your Lake House." " Say not another word about it, my good fellow," responded Moon in his turn, " here is your money." Mr. Moon always has something nice expressly for you. When his liability to loss in so doing is considered, his prices will not appear so exorbitant. Those who with Prior, " Charmed with rural beauty Chase fleeting pleasure through the maze of life," will be pleased with Saratoga Lake. It has nine miles of length and two miles and a half of breadth. Many and varied scenes of interest and grandeur occur within this broad range of water and shore. The whole lake is replete with quiet and gentle beauty, striking the beholder rather with admiration than astonishment, as it lies cradled in the bosom of rolling hills. Boating and sailing may be enjoyed upon its waters, and a small steamer, plying from point to point, is at the com- mand of pleasure parties. 40 SARATOGA. Formerly an abundance of trout was found here, and shad and herring were among the annual visitors ; but the lake is now filled with the black or Oswego bass, pickerel, muscallonge and perch. But Saratoga Lake is not wholly devoted to the sports- man, or to the frivolities of fashionable butterflies. The beautiful and familiar hymn commencing — " From whence doth this union arise, That hatred is conquered by love ? It fastens our souls in such ties, That nature and time can't remove," was composed and sang first, upon the placid waters of this lake, by Dr. Baldwin, of Boston, and a party of clerical friends. That charming author, N. P. Willis, relates in his own charming style the following tradition of Saratoga Lake : " There is," he says, " an Indian superstition attached to this lake, which probably has its source in its remarkable loneliness and tranquillity. The Mohawks believed that its stillness was sacred to the Great Spirit, and that if a human voice uttered a sound upon its waters, the canoe of the offender would instantly sink. A story is told of an English woman, in the early days of the first settlers, who had occasion to cross this lake with a party of Indians, who, before embarking, warned her most impressively of the spell. It was a silent, breathless day, and the canoe shot over the smooth surface of the lake like an arrow. About a mile from the shore, near the center of the lake, the woman, willing to convince the savages of the weakness of their superstition, uttered a loud cry. The countenances of the Indians fell instantly to the deepest gloom. After a moment's pause, however, they redoubled their exertions, and in frowning silence drove the light bark like an arrow over the waters. They reached the shore in safety, and SARATOGA. 4 1 drew up the cauoe, and the woman rallied the chief on his credulity. ' The Great Spirit is merciful,' answered the scornful Mohawk, 'He knows that a white woman cannot hold her tongue.' " Excelsior Park. Although but recently projected, there are indications that the unusually fine natural features of this charming locality are appreciated, and that many of the citizens of our large towns will be attracted thither as a very suitable spot to locate their summer residences. The Park comprises that portion of Saratoga Springs formerly known as the " Valley of the Ten Springs," with the adjacent slopes and table-land on either side. Broad avenues have been made, and nicely graded, and large and small villa plats have been laid out, many of which com- mand fine views of the mountains in Vermont, and the Lake George Hills, while, for immediate surroundings, they overlook the valley with its fountains of invigorating min- eral waters. Some of- the lots in this park are situated upon the shores of Excelsior Lake, a beautiful sheet of water which adds many charming bits of scenery to the richly diversified landscape of hills and dales, and woods of stately evergreen and deciduous trees. We know of no place more desirable for the summer homes of such as desire to escape the heat and noise of the city, and secure the benefit of nature's healing waters, without entering into the whirl of a fashionable season among the throngs that congregate at the large hotels. Excelsior Park is reached from the village by either Lake or Spring avenues, while between the two is the broad foot- path leading through the shady and picturesque woods, so well known to the frequenters of Saratoga. SARATOGA. 43 In the center of the park is the widely-known " Excelsior Spring," whose waters find their way (in reservoirs) to every part of the country. The Union and Minnehaha Springs are also situated in near proximity to the Excelsior, and the White Sulphur Spring, with its large bathing estab- lishment, is but a short distance down the valley. Several cottage sites have been purchased by residents of Brooklyn, who will shortly erect tasteful cottages on the same. Chapman's Hill Is a mile beyond the Lake House, and one hundred and eighty feet above the level of the lake. A charming view is afforded. Immediately below, the lake presents a mir- rored surface of several square miles, while the meadows and table lands on its western shore may be traced with all their simple beauty, until they merge into the Kayaderos- seras range of mountains. Wagman's Hill, Which is about three miles beyond, affords a still more extended view. Several curious mineral springs — one of which an inflammable gas — are found here. Hagerty Hill, Six miles north of the village, toward Luzerne, brings to view a fine landscape. But the most extended view and the boldest landscape may be seen from Wearing Hill, On the Mount Pleasant road, and about fifteen miles from Saratoga Springs. Saratoga, Ballston, Schenectady, Water- ford, Mechanicville, Schuylerville, Saratoga Lake, Round Lake, etc., by the aid of a glass can all be discerned from this hill. 44 SARATOGA. The Prospect Hills of Greenfield. One of the finest drives and the most sightly point of obser- vation to get a birds-eye view of Saratoga Springs, is from the Wescott or Prospect hills, situated in Greenfield, three - and-a-half miles north-west from the village. They are approached by the way of Waring avenue, west to Gran- ger's four corners, thence north about two miles ; or through Greenfield avenue in a north-westerly direction, to Locust Grove corners, thence north, half a mile to the first hill, from whence the immediate view is particularly fine. From the second hill near the residence of Mr. Darrow, the prospect is simply grand. On the east you have an unbroken view of 1he southern range of the Green mountains, from a point opposite Glens Falls, till they are lost in the distance beyond Troy. On the south, the Heilderberg hills of Albany are in full view, beyond which the peaks of the Catskills are plainly visible. With a good field-glass, the white sails of the pleasure fleet can be seen upon the beautiful Saratoga Lake, while the village and the intervening farms lie (as it were) like a map at your feet. The most interesting time to visit this locality is in the afternoon, when the western sun lends an additional charm to the beauties of the scene. Lake Lovely- Is the euphonious name of an interesting little sheet of water not far from the village, on the Boulevard to Sara- toga Lake. Though not of very great extent, it has many points of considerable attraction, one of which is a glen on the eastern bank of the lake, which forms an echo, said to be almost as distinct and powerful as the celebrated one in the ruined bastion of the old French fortress at Crown Point. " Many a laugh and many a shout The busy echoes toss about." SARATOGA. 45 Stiles' Hill, An interesting locality, revealing a varied landscape, along the Hudson and Mohawk rivers, may be reached in a drive of a few miles along the base of the Palmerton Mountain. Corinth, A bold cataract in the Upper Hudson, is some fifteen miles from Saratoga, and a mile from Jessup's Landing, on the Adirondack Railway. Luzerne, A charming hamlet at the confluence of the Hudson and Sacandaga, is twenty miles from Saratoga. It may be reached by a carriage road or the Adirondack Railway. Lake Luzerne, a beatif ul sheet of water, on the shore of which the village is situated, affords excellent opportuni- ties for fishing and boating. There are two excellent hotels — Rockwell's and the Wayside. The latter has numerous cottages attached for summer residents. It is owned by B. C. Butler, Esq., well known as the author of an interesting History of Lake George and Lake Cham- plain, and other works. The Saratoga Battle Ground. A visit to Bemis Heights, the scene of the two great battles of Saratoga (or of Stillwater), in September and October, 1777, which ended in the surrender of the British army, under Burgoyne, to the Americans, under Gates, will occupy a pleasant though somewhat long day's excur- sion. The battles were fought upon the elevated lands at Bemis Heights, two miles from the Hudson, in the town of Stillwater, about fifteen miles from Saratoga Springs. The scene of the capitulation ten days subsequent to the last battle is in the present village of Schuylerville in 46 SARATOGA. Saratoga, at the mouth of the Saratoga river, and about seven miles from the battlefield. Cicerones on the spot point out the precise localities to visitors. Lake George Is about thirty miles from Saratoga by carriage road. The Adirondack Railway, and stage ride of nine miles, is the pleasantest and mo t convenient route. Travelers can return the same day, if necessary. There are other and shorter drives in Saratoga, which are very attractive. Spring avenue, leading to the Excelsior and Sulphur springs, and returning by Lake avenue, is being laid out, and will make a beautiful drive. The road to Ballston and Spouting Springs has been recently improved, and is a popular resort. The entire length of Broadway is a magnificent drive, and affords an interesting and picturesque ride of some five minutes, xibout a mile north of Congress Hall the half- mile track and handsome grounds of Glen Mitchel are located. The Saratoga County Agricultural Society have their buildings here. The track is open to all who wish, both pedestrians and carriages. At the base of a steep bluff, shaded with numerous trees, and directly facing the race-track, is the Glen Mitchel hotel. The grounds are maintained at great expense by the proprietors of the hotel, and when this, and the short season of patronage is regarded, the prices for ordinary refreshments will not be considered as extraordinary as they might otherwise seem. The drive may be extended by turning to the east and driving round a small lake — Excelsior — and past the water- works, returning by Spring avenue, and affording an opportunity to see Excelsior Park in its radiant summer beauty, and to taste the sparkling springs which abound in this locality. • VIEW IN CONGRESS PARK. 48 SARATOGA. Congress Park Is the gem of Saratoga. It consists of a small hill in the shape of a horseshoe, covered with handsome trees, and laid out in smooth walks encircling the low ground which surrounds the spring. The park is the property of the Congress and Empire Spring Co., who generously keep it in perfect repair and open to the public. A quadrangular tower six feet in height, just south of the spring, was erected for the purpose of raising the water of a small stream, and distributing it to different parts of the village. PIAZZA OF CONGRESS HALL. litlr; ,5 CHAPTER III. AMUSEMENTS. N FACILITIES for recreation, Saratoga is almost unlimited. Some one has said that the amusements of Saratoga life are danc- ing and drinking, the one exercise being the Omega as the other is the Alpha of its butterfly life. Saratoga, however, abounds in amusements. Several bands of the most accomplished musicians are in attendance, who breathe over the grove, the garden and the assembly rooms, the lovely influence of inspiring- music. There are the races at the race-course and on the lake ; there are balls and hops every night ; there are the Indians and the Circular railway, and drives in all directions ; there are select parties and music by the bands, and shopping, and concerts, and, at the religious houses, charades and tableaux, and prayer meetings ; and what more could be asked ? Besides all these, Josh Billings says that " After going to Long Branch and frolicking in the water, he relishes going to Saratoga and letting the water frolic in him." 50 SARATOGA. Routine for a Lady: Rise and dress ; go down to the spring ; drink to the music of the band ; walk around the park — bow to gentlemen ; chat a little ; drink again ; breakfast ; see who comes in on the train ; take a siesta ; walk in the parlor ; bow to gen- tlemen ; have a little small talk with gentlemen ; have some gossip with ladies ; dress for dinner ; take dinner an hour and a half ; sit in the grounds and hear the music of the band ; ride to the lake ; see who comes by the evening train ; dress for tea ; get tea ; dress for the hop ; attend the hop ; chat awhile in the parlors, and listen to a song from some guest ; go to bed. Varied by croquet, ladies' bowling alley, Indian camp, the mineral springs, grand balls twice a week, concerts, etc., and the races. Balls. The three largest hotels have elegant ball-rooms, where hops take place every evening. Balls are held every week at each of the houses. Upon the latter occasion, the dress- ing becomes a matter of life and death, and explains why such numbers of those traveling arks known as " Saratoga trunks " are docked at the station every summer. Balls are reported in the papers far and near, and the anxiety of some to secure a good report of their costume is amusing. Brown's dismay at the bills is somewhat appeased as he reads in the morning paper, " Miss Brown, of , a charming, graceful blonde, was attired in a rich white corded silk, long train, with ruffles of the same, overdress of pink gros grain, looped en panier, corsage low, decollette, with satin bows and point lace ; hair a la Pompadour, with curls on white feathers, pearls and diamonds. She was much admired. Miss Brown is the accomplished daughter of Mr. Brown, one of the leading citizens of the metropolis." SARATOGA. 51 The hops are free to all the guests. An admission of $1 is customary at the balls, and choice refreshments are served. Upon ball nights, the tasteful iron bridge which connects Congress Hall with its ball-room, and the grounds of the Grand Union, are illuminated by colored lights, pre- senting a fairy-like scence of bewildering beauty. Upon these occasions a large proportion of the population, both exotic and native, come forth as upon a festal day. The Races Occur the middle of July, and the second week in August, and are under the charge of the Saratoga Racing Associa- tion. The race-course is about a mile from Congress Spring. It was laid out in 1866, by C. H. Ballard, an accomplished surveyor, and is unsurpassed, if equaled, by any race-course in America, not excepting the famous Fashion course on Long Island. The swiftest and most noted racers in the Union are brought here, and many of the most remarkable races known to sportsmen have occurred on these grounds. Indian Camp. A few steps from Congress Spring, directly past the Saratoga Club-House, leads you to a wicket gate marked " Circular Railway, and, Indian Camp." The Indians are not such as figure conspicuously in the early annals of our country and in our favorite romances — as Eli Perkins says — " far different ! " They are simply a Canadian Gipsy band, part low French and part low Indian blood. They come here annually with an eye to business, and, like other people, to see and be seen, and open their weird camp to the public simply as a specula- tion, offering for sale the various trinkets to which their labor is directed. "SET UP A CENT "-INDIAN CAMP. SARATOGA. 53 The white tents glistening among the green hemlocks, and the rustic lodges displaying the gayly decorated bow and quiver, make a picture somewhat attractive ; but the Indians themselves are dirty and homely, except the young squaws and far from inviting in their appearance. The slim, blackeyed, bare-footed boys, who pester you with petitions to " set up a cent," as a mark for their arrows, have a sort of Gipsy picturesqueness, however ; and as one walks down the little street between the huts — half tent and half house — he may get an occasional glimpse of a pappoose swinging in a hammock, and thank his stars for even such a fractional view of the pristine life. The Circular Railway Is connected with the Indian Camp. An opportunity is here afforded for enthusiasts and very gallant gentlemen to test their strength and patience, by propelling them- selves and friends round the circle in one of the cars. The recreation requires the expenditure of no little strength, and is only accomplished by the sweat of some one's brow, but it is preferable, doubtless, to "swinging round the circle." Within a few feet of the Circular Railway is a spring of pure soft water. The water is quite drinkable, and is esteemed unusually pure and wholesome. The well water of the town is good, and the water from Excelsior Lake, which has lately been introduced throughout the village by the Holly system, is considered superior. Shopping. Abundant opportunity is afforded those who have occa- sion to visit emporiums of art and fashion on shopping designs intent. The flashing establishments under the large hotels, as well as several others in the village, cater 54 SARATOGA. entirely to the fashionable visitor. Every thing desirable in the way of laces, feathers, diamonds and ornaments, and elegant dress goods, are obtainable. It is the custom of many of the fashionable merchants and modistes of New York to open here, during the summer, branch establish- ments for the sale of their specialties. There are numerous resident stores also, which would not disgrace New York or Boston. Among these the establishment of Mr. John Toon, under Congress Hall and opposite Congress Spring, takes the lead. During the warm season the Saratoga Broadway glitters with the brilliant display in shop windows and the gorgeous exhibition of goods upon the sidewalks. About Dress. In smaller watering places one is soon known to all, marked and criticised until uncomfortable and Mrs. Grundy is a tyrant. Saratoga is like a great city : the throng so great, the succession so constant, that one has a comfortable sense that one can do as one pleases, without exciting a passing remark. When the colonnades are full of promenaders with every variety of toilet position, comparative and super- lative, you feel that the most you could do, had you the means, would be nothing here, and the least you can do answers every purpose, since nobody gives more than a passing glance at any thing. It is a constant tide of faces and forms ebbing and flowing, and the second blots out the first, and the third the second, as the waves of the sea efface each other. Nobody is afraid of anybody. There are no boundaries of frigid reserve. Evening. It is only in the evening that Saratoga is When — in full bloom. SARATOGA. 55 11 night throughout the gelid air, Veils with her sable wings the solar glare ; When modest Cynthia, glad in silver light, Expands her beauty on the brow of night, Sheds her soft beams upon the mountain side, Peeps through the wood and quivers on the tide," then faces light up with the gas lamps. The parlors begin to fill with elegantly attired ladies, the piazzas are thronged with chatty and sociable gentlemen, and the streets are crowded, far more than they are in the daytime, by pleasure strollers of either sex in elegant array. The ball-room be- comes radiant with costly chandeliers, whose effulgence is reflected by diamonds of the first water. One dark evening, at the height of last season, in the midst of the preparations for a brilliant ball, the gas which supplies the whole village became suddenly exhausted. Candles were the only resource, and there was by some mis- chance a limited supply of these. Bottles were improvised for candlesticks, and stationed in the corners and on the pianos of the massive parlors, rendering the scene grotesque and ludicrous in the extreme, while the closer nestling of lovers and the solemn stillness reigning on every hand gave sublimity to the picture. The poet Saxe happened to be among the guests at Congress Hall, and borrowed a candle from a pretty young lady. The next morning she found under her door the following beautiful lines : " You gave me a candle ; I give you my thanks, And add, as a compliment justly your due, There is not a girl in these feminine ranks Who could, if she would, hold a candle to you." Verily "darkness brings the stars to view." On this occasion there was no little "sparking," and though the flames of the gas lamps gave no light, love's flame burned brighter than ever. 56 SARATOGA. Gridley's Trout Ponds. Those who are fond of " speckled beauties," and would like to obtain a fine mess without encountering the swarms of mosquitoes, gnats and sand-flies that usually infest the region where the trout may be taken, should visit Grid- ley's. " Old Gridley," as he is familiarly called, formerly kept the Pavilion, near the depot. Some three or four years since he conceived the idea of starting a fish propagating establishment. His place is located in a beautiful little ravine, about one mile and a half from Congress Spring, and just beyond the race-course. There may be seen myr- iads of speckled trout in a succession of small ponds situ- ated along down the ravine, one below the other, supplied with water of the brilliancy of a crystal, gushing from the banks. It is a well-known fact that the chief reason for this species of fis"h being so scarce, is because of their de- vouring each other, or, in other words, " big fish eating up little fish." Hence, Mr. Gridley, as well as other propa- gators, is obliged to separate them as to age and size — one-year olds in one pond, two-year olds in another, and so on down. Visitors are very cordially received by Mr. G., and pro- vided with fishing tackle, etc. — and sometimes a bottle of Rhine wine gratis — and are duly informed that his prices are $1 per pound — that is, for every pound of fish caught, visitors can pay $1. The fish may be seen tantalizingly sporting and jumping out of the water, two or three thou- sand at a time. For any one who contemplates indulging in the sport, and is willing to pay for it, this is the place to come. SARATOGA. 57 Saratoga in Winter. Saratoga is not a " Country where the leaves never fall, and the eternal day is summer-time." As the gorgeous autumnal sunsets of October crown the golden-capped, or no longer verdant forests, the summer beauties prepare to return to their winter homes. The falling leaves in this vicinity are wondrously beautiful, and the cool sunsets will richly reward those who tarry to behold them ; but " the season" is over, and the little town becomes almost a de- serted village. " Brightly, sweet Summer, brightly, Thine hours have floated by." A shade of melancholy cannot but possess those who remain after the last polka is polked, the last light in the last ball-room is extinguished, and the summer ended. At length the railway engine whistles at long intervals ; the mail bags lose their plethora ; the parish preachers, shorn of occasional help, knuckle to new sermons ; the servants disperse ; the head-waiter retires to private life, and the dipper-boy disappears in the shades of the pine forests ; the Indians pack up their duds, and, like the Arab, silently steal away ; while the landlords retire within their sanctums to count over their hard-earned dollars. After a time the village seems to become accustomed to the " new departure," and local politics, Tammany rings and frauds, and committees of forty agitate the public breast, until Spring returns and Saratoga blossoms again with new beauty. The Regular Visitors. It must be confessed that the visitors themselves are among the most interesting and attractive features of this fashionable resort. The people who visit Saratoga are 58 SARATOGA. generally the rich — and here is the place to see rich men when they are un trammeled by business, and are submis- sive to the charms of social life. There are four who, in past years, have been constant visitors here, whose indi- vidual wealth, in each case, would be underestimated at $50,000,000. Intellectual men, stylish men, the beaux of society, men of the world, and occasionally fast men, are to be seen in Saratoga. Women — blondes and brunettes of either extreme — the fluttering bee of fashion, the gentler bird of beauty ; the lady of social rank, who has enjoyed prerogatives that would have wrecked more than one cooing pair, and her less rotund maiden sister who, with the wisdom of a war- rior, resides behind artificial breastworks — these make up some of the people found in this sample-room of American society flourishing at Saratoga, and throughout almost the whole there runs the pervading leaven of wealth. Of maiden ladies who still struggle and twist to look enchanting in spite of time's effacing fingers, and of widows dangerous and desperate, as they endeavor to recall their early charms, there are not a few. Of dazzling beauty there is a fair proportion ; but where are the young men, beaux for all these ? Where, oh ! where ? Echo answers, " Nowhere ! " The absence of young men has been com- mented upon for several seasons. Saratoga is cosmopolitan, complex. It embraces a half dozen places, each attracting its own " set." One realm is ruled by the millionaire and the managing mother. There is a Saratoga for the invalid ; still another Saratoga of the sportsman. Here, also, are the flirts, and those whose para- dise is the ball-room. Here, too, undoubtedly come more or less shoddy, and in shoddy fashion. DRAWING ROOM - GRAND UNION. 60 SARATOGA. Each class is to a certain extent distinct. Outside of all these Saratogas, there is still another, which attracts thousands of sensible, healthy, but busy and overworked people, who come here every year for genuine recreation. Clergymen and merchants, bankers and lawyers, politi- cians and gentlemen jostle against each other. Coming from Cuba, with their dark eyes and raven hair ; coming from the South, with their soft melting beauty ; coming from New England, with their lofty notions and self-esteem, there gathers here a wonderfully variegated collection of people, each sui generis and affording the rarest facilities for the study of human nature. " Tis pleasant through the loop-holes of retreat to peep at such a world." Romance Is the necessary association of watering-places, because they are the haunts of youth and beauty seeking pleasure — but the romances of a watering-place, like other romances, always seem past when you are there. It is after the close of the season, when Saratoga is miles away, that its asso- ciations flash upon the mind in their true colors. At Congress Hall, to be sure, old women gossip about other days, when the present grand dames were belles ; and managing mothers remember, alas ! how sadly, the happy hours of days long gone by, when their destinies were linked in the chain that binds them. To how many are those lines of Whittier realized — " The saddest words of tongue or pen Are these sad words, it might have been." Those who come here expecting and desiring to figure in a romance, or to be romantic, may be disappointed ; but there unexpected, and perhaps unconsciously, happens among those sweet, trusting natures, the fairest flowers of SARATOGA. 6 1 youth, no small proportion of the romances of real life which occur in our busy and non-sentimental country. Although Saratoga is preeminently a fashionable resort, and the city of vanity fair, it is nevertheless Cupid's sum- mer-home ; and lovers here acknowledge the first throbbings of that passion of bright hopes, and too many sad reali- ties — love. The complaint is always heard that " fish don't bite this season ; " but autumn comes, and " The faded woods a yellow livery wear," the butterflies return home, and then it is found that a goodly number have been caught. Those not matrimonially inclined should know that a sojourn at a Spa is attended with con- siderable danger. Saratoga Society. The poet says of Saratoga life : " Saratoga society, What endless variety ! What pinks of propriety! What gems of sobriety ! What garrulous old folks, What shy folks and bold folks, And warm folks and cold folks! Such curious dressing, And tender caressing, (Of course that is guessing,) Such sharp Yankee Doodles, And dandified noodles, And other pet poodles ! Such very loud patterns, (Worn often by slatterns !) Such strait necks, and bow necks, Such dark necks and snow necks, And high necks and low necks ! With this sort and that sort, The lean sort and fat sort, The bright and the flat sort — Saratoga is crammed full, And rammed full, and jammed full," etc. 62 SARATOGA. But while we laugh at Saratoga, its dancing, dressing and flirtation, it is yet not without its lessons for an observing eye. " Here the heart May give a useful lesson to the head, And Learning wiser grow without his books." It is not all frivolity. Like every aspect of life, and like most persons, it is a hint and suggestion of something high and poetic. It is an oasis of repose in the desert of our American hurry. It is a perpetual festival. Here we step out of the worn and weary ruts of city society, and mingle in a broad field of varied acquaintance. Here we may scent the fairest flowers of the South, and behold the beauty of our Northern climes. Here party dis- tinctions and local rivalries are forgotten. Here, too, men mingle and learn from contact and sympathy, a sweeter temper and a more catholic consideration, so that the summer flower we went to wreath may prove not the garland of an hour, but a firm link in the chain of our American Union. CHAPTER IV. THE MINERAL WATERS. HE medicinal springs within its pre- cincts have given a celebrity to the town of Saratoga which few other places possess. Wonder at its growth and long-continued prosperity,- as smaller watering places may seem to do, its citi- zens have something substantial on which they may pin their faith in its in- creasing prosperity, namely, its match- less mineral waters and its natural at- tractions. The valley famous for its healing waters is crescent- shaped, extending from Ballston Spa to Quaker Springs, some seventeen miles. In the very center of this valley the village of Saratoga Springs is situated, and the waters which bubble up in its precincts come from the very foun- tain-head of a neighborhood which surpasses the known world in its hygienic advantages and in the value and vari- ety of its mineral springs. The Origin Of these springs has been discussed in scientific journals and geological reports by our most distinguished men. It is supposed that the meteoric (or rain) water, falling on 64 SARATOGA. distant hills, perhaps, gradually percolates through porous layers of rocks, dissolving and absorbing minerals, until at length it reaches a strata impervious. Flowing along in its rocky channel it is confined, under great pressure, until it reaches some " geological fault " or ordinary fracture in the earth's crust, extending through several strata, through which it rises to the surface. The northern half of Saratoga county is occupied by elevated ranges of Laurentian rocks. The Potsdam, Cal- ciferous and Trenton beds border upon the Laurentian, and appear in parallel bands through the central part of the county. In the southern part they are covered by slate rocks. The Laurentian rocks, consisting of highly crystalline gneiss, granite and syenite, are almost impervious, while the overlying Potsdam is very porous and capable of hold- ing large quantities of water. The spouting springs and deep wells in the southern portion of the county — Geyser, Ballston, etc. — are found in the Potsdam sandstone, which being covered in those places by the slate rocks and shales is of great depth. The water rises doubtless by the force of its own car- bonic acid gas, for water will hold only its own volume of this gas unless subjected to pressure. Being confined under a heavy pressure in the interior of the earth, the moment the gas finds an opportunity to escape it rushes up, bringing the water with it. If these spouting springs are shut off for a moment the gas collects at the top of the tube in such quantities as to blow a steam whistle. It is probable that water can be obtained anywhere in the southern portion of the county by tapping the underlying Potsdam sandstone. It has been supposed by some that a vast reservoir of mineral water exists on the top of the Kayaderosseras moun- SARATOGA. 65 tains and that these waters rise in Saratoga from hydro- static pressure. This theory has been abandoned by many. As the water is forced to the surface the pressure, of course, diminishes, and a portion of gas escapes with effer- vescence. The spouting wells throw up. large quantities of free gas, producing a perfect suds of carbonic acid and carburetted hydrogen gas and water. As soon as the ten- sion of the gas is diminished, the jet ceases, but spouts forth again when the gas has acquired new tension. The great Geyser, of Iceland, has a small eruption every two hours, but the large eruptions occur only once in twenty-four or thirty hours and last only a few moments, spouting over a hundred feet in the air. The Saratoga spouting springs are especially remarkable on account of their temperature, which is quite cold. The Temperature Of all the springs is above the mean temperature of the place, although coming from the interior of the earth where there is supposed to be more heat than at the surface. Their coldness is accounted for by the absorption of the heat in the chemical change which takes place in the formation of the mineral fluid. The solution of salines is always attended by a decrease of temperature. Physical Properties. When first dipped the water is remarkably limpid and sparkling, and were it not for the constant escape of gas in innumerable fine bubbles, it would be perfectly transpar- ent It, however, soon becomes turbid, a delicate white pellicle forms on its surface, which terminates in a reddish brown sediment. This sediment is likewise observable in the surroundings of the well, being incrusted on the walls of the curb, etc. 6 66 SARATOGA. Wherever the water stagnates around the springs the ground soon becomes covered by a mineral deposit, reflect- ing various colors and of a metallic splendor. Flour, when made into a paste or dough with the water fresh from the spring, and immediately baked, forms a tolerably light bread when warm ; but when cold it becomes clammy and heavy like unleavened bread. The water was formerly much used by natives for making " hot cakes." The flour is mixed with water and a quantity of sour cream, and is ready for baking as soon as the ingredients are sufficiently kneaded together. It forms a very palatable " hot cake " and recommends itself on account of the expedition with which it is prepared. " Ask your landlady for them." When drank, the first impression on the palate is agreea- bly pungent and acid, succeeded by a saline taste which, to mouths of little experience, may sometimes seem slightly nauseous. It afterward gives up eructations of gas like fermented liquors, soda water, etc. There is considerable difference in the taste of the different springs when drank at the fountains, which a practiced palate can at once dis- tinguish. The iron waters have a slightly inkish taste and some of the springs leave a sweet taste in the mouth. Soon after imbibing a considerable quantity of the water, the person feels a sense of fullness about the stomach, attended with frequent eructations of fixed air and gas, a slight giddiness of the head and a sensation bordering on a disposition to sleep. These feelings, however, are only slight, are by no means unpleasant, and are soon removed by the copious discharges which follow, leaving the individual with an increased appetite for food, and either a disposi- tion for moderate exercise or a feeling of perfect ease. The respiration of all breathing animals is immediately affected by coming in close contact with the surface of the water in the fountain. The gas which issues from there SARATOGA. 67 is fatal to the lives of animals which happen to be im- mersed in them, and even fishes and frogs and trilobites and snakes survive but a short time when placed in the water — Eli Perkins to the contrary notwithstanding. The gas, though detrimental to animals when inhaled into the lungs is, in no way, injurious when taken into the stomach. The Discovery of the Springs. The age of the High Rock Spring, like that of fashion- able modern dames, is entirely unknown and beyond con- jecture. The water formed for itself a stone vase, far back in an age of which white men have no record ; perhaps when this continent was in its infancy. It was known to the Indians as the " Medicine spring of the Great Spirit." The next spring in point of discovery, and by far the most important, was the Congress Spring, discovered in 1792, as it issued from an aperture in the rock. This foun- tain has always been esteemed as the most famous and delicious of all. Its proprietors have also manifested more public enterprise, and have contributed more to the growth and beauty of Saratoga (save, perhaps, good old Gideon Putnam), than all the hotels and springs in the valley. They have generously kept open a park which is the gem of the place ; and though they could easily sell every drop of the Congress water, they still offer it without money and without price to the crowds who visit the spring every morning. Such deserved popularity as this spring enjoys should be a matter of public commendation. This spring is the modern Pool of Bethesda. It has proved a boon to thousands, and those who have found in it foun- tains of health, and youth, and vigor have been from every section of the habitable globe. Freight agents and ex- pressmen all over the land have become familiar with the 68 SARATOGA. brands of its boxes (it is never sold in barrels), and its name is a household word. " Sacred Font ! flow on for ever, Health on mankind still bestow, If a virgin woo thee, give her Rosy cheeks and beauty's glow ; If an old man, make him stronger, Suffering mortals soothe and save, Happier, send them home, and younger, All who quaff thy fervid wave ! " The older springs have been discovered either by traces of mineral matter on the surface of the ground or by experimental excavation. Usually they have been found in beds of blue marl, or clay rather, which cover the valley more or less throughout its whole extent. On digging in to this clay to any considerable depth, we are pretty certain to find traces of mineral water. In some places, at the depth of six or eight feet, it has been discovered issuing from a fissure or seam in the underlying limestone, while at other places it seems to proceed from a thin stratum of quicksand which is found to alternate with the marl at distances of from ten to forty feet, below which boulders of considerable size are found. The spouting springs have been found by experimental boring. As this is the cheaper and more certain method, it is " the popular thing " at present, and the day may not be far distant when all Saratoga will be punched through with artesian wells reaching hundreds of feet, if not through to China, and thus an open market made for the Saratoga waters among "the Heathen Chinee." Mr. Jesse Button, to whom we are indebted for both the Glacier and the Geyser springs, seems best to understand the process of successfully boring artesian wells, having made these his special study and profession. Like Moses of old, he strikes, or taps the rock, and behold, streams of water gush forth. SARATOGA. , QQ Are the Springs Natural? Is a. question that will probably seem absurd to those who are at all familiar with mineral springs or Saratoga waters. Nevertheless, it is a, not unfrequent and amusing occur- rence to hear remarks from strangers and greenies who have a preconceived notion that the springs are doctored, and that a mixture of salts, etc., is tipped in every night or early in the morning ! Strange that the art should be limited to the village of Saratoga ! The incredulity of some people is the most ridiculous credulity known. Such wonders as the spouting springs, the " strongest " in Saratoga, come from so small an orifice in the ground, as to preclude the least possibility of adulteration. Besides, the manufactured article would be too costly to allow such immense quantities to flow away unused. But to argue this question would be a reductio ad absur- dum. Nature is far better than the laboratory. Artificial waters may simulate the natural in taste and appearance, but fall far short of their therapeutic effects. The Commercial Value Of the various springs differs as widely as does people's estimate of their individual merits. Spring water prop- erty is very expensive. It costs large sums of money to manage some of the springs. The old method of tubing, by sinking a curb, may cost several thousand dollars, and is uncertain then. Moreover, it is no small work to keep the springs in perfect repair, and in a clean and pure condition. The artesian wells cost not far from $6 per foot for the boring, and are much less expensive. Most of the springs are owned by stock companies, with a capital ranging from several hundred thousand to a SARATOGA. 71 million dollars. On dit that the proprietors of the Geyser Spring were offered $175,000 for their fountain, and proba- bly the Congress could not be purchased for quadruple that amount. It would not be a very profitable bargain if some of the springs could be bought for a song, even, and yet there is not enough mineral water in all the springs now discovered in the Saratoga valley to supply New York alone, if fraudulent sale of artificial waters was to be stopped. The only profit of the springs is in the sale of the water in bottles and barrels ; and as the method of bottling requires great care, and is expensive, the per cent of profit is not enormous. The use of mineral water, both as a beverage and for medicinal purposes, is increasing, and there may be " a good time coming," when all these springs will bring wealth to their owners, as they give health to the drinker. The Principal Constituents, Which give the special character to the Catharic S prings, are bicarbonates of magnesia and soda, and chloride of sodium ; the tonic waters, bicarbonate of iron ; the alter- ative waters, iodide of sodium, chloride of potassium and sodium, etc. ; the diuretic waters, bicarbonate of lithia and protoxide of hydrogen. Carbonic Acid The spirit of the springs, not only contributes to the solu- bility of the salts contained in the waters, but also renders them more palatable and more agreeable to the stomach. It is the perfect solution of the ingredients which renders the water valuable. When once the gas has been driven off and the water evaporated — ten times the quantity of rain water will not re-dissolve the salts. The strongest chaly- beates of Europe are the least used, because they lack gas, and are hence heavy and unpalatable. The strongest known in the whole world — the Acqua Ferrata de Rio, in the SARATOGA. 73 island of Elba, is entirely useless for medicinal purposes. Tlie mineral waters of Saratoga contain more gas than any of the Spas of Germany. Carbonic acid, being united with the vegetable alkali, forms our common saleratus, hence the reason why our cooks furnish a well raised cake, merely by mixing flour with a solution of potash and sour milk, here the acid of the milk from a greater " attraction" joins itself to the alkali, liberating the carbonic acid gas,which being driven off by the heat, puffs up every particle of dough. In the same way foaming lemonade, more delicious than soda, is made by add- ing lemon juice to the mineral waters of Saratoga. Several years ago a woman realized a handsome income from her sales of " spring-water lemonade " at one of the springs. In mineral waters carbonic acid is found in three differ- ent states. It is either " bound " to certain bases, with which it forms carbonates ; from these the gas does not escape when it is heated ; or it is *' half-bound " or " fixed," forming ses-qui-carbonates or bicarbonates, from which compounds part of the gas is disengaged as soon as the water comes in contact with the air, and still more rapidly when it is heated ; so that certain salts only soluble as bi- carbonates, and insoluble as carbonates, are precipitated as soon as the surplus atoms of carbonic acid are gone ; finally it is contained in the waters " free " as gas, which escapes at the ordinary temperature, as soon as the water rises out of the earth, and the pressure under which it was held in the interior ceases. Before a storm it has been noticed that more gas is evolved, because the density of the air affects the atmos- pheric pressure. The gas seems only to travel through some of the springs, while others are very firmly impregnated with it. Bicarbonate of magnesia is a mild laxative and a good COTTAGES OF THE GRAND UNION HOTEL. SARATOGA. 75 palliative in acid or sour stomach, heart-burn, and sick headache, especially if the person is constipated. Bicarbonate of soda first diminishes the secretions and subsequently increases them, the urine being most susceptible to its influence. It increases the alkalimity of the blood and of the secretions, and some physiologists tell us that it reduces the quantity of fibrin in the blood. Carbonate of iron increases the number of red cor- puscles in the blood, stimulates the appetite and excites the heart's action. It has a tendency to constipate. Chloride of sodium forms part of every tissue of the body except, perhaps, the enamel of the teeth. It increases the solubility of the albumen of the blood and prevents a too rapid destruction of the red corpuscles. It increases the flow of the gastric juice and bile, and promotes the interchange of the fluids in the body, which physiologists call osmosis. It augments the quantity of urine secreted. It is also known to exercise a marked influence on the growth of the hair. When an animal does not receive a proper quantity of salt, the hair becomes rough and wiry. In too large quantities it causes irritation of the stomach and intestines. A little boy once defined salt as " the stuff that makes victuals taste bad when you don't put on any." Chloride of potassium is common to the blood and to certain tissues, as the muscles and the red discs, while the chloride of sodium exists in the serum. Congress water contains eight grains of chloride of potassium — a similar proportion to that found in the blood. Its medicinal action is analogous to that of chloride of sodium. The other important ingredients are bicaroonate of lithia, the iodides and bromides, the bicarbonate of lime, etc. The great problem among physicians is how to cause their medicines to be absorbed when taken into the system. Many of the ingredients of mineral springs would be almost GRAND UNION BALL ROOM. SARATOGA. 77 inert in a state of powder, but when held in solution in mineral water are admitted to the inner coats of all the blood vessels and are powerful alteratives of the entire system, as the experiments of Dr. Beaumont have clearly shown. There are two methods of testing an agent that is to be introduced into the materia medica, viz. : By carefully watch- ing and recording the therapeutical effects of the article on individuals and by chemical analysis. The latter criterion is probably a more fallacious guide than is generally sup- posed. How often has the practitioner been surprised at the augmented or diminished effect of some off-hand combina- tion that would be wholly unlooked for by estimating the separate agency of each article. So of mineral waters. Chemical analysis cannot decide the exact medicinal effe cts of a new spring independently of a faithful observation of its operations, for many medicines, such as oxyde of iron, carbonate of iron, phosphorus, etc., pass through the ali- mentary passages with very little absorption. The Analyses Which we present herewith have been made by Prof. C.F. Chandler, Ph. D., of the Columbia School of Mines, and now president of the Board of Health of New York. The most able professors of Europe say that the analysis of mineral waters is justly considered one of the most difficult problems in chemistry. The analyses which Dr. Chandler has furnished have been prepared with great labor, care and expense, and are the only ones which represent the waters as they are to-day. The minerals are contained in the Spas as salts ; chemi- cal analysis, however, merely shows the elements, the acids and the bases, which are present in the water, but not the mode of their combination. It has, therefore, often 'Oti.eilG.HX. HOLDEN HOUSE. SARATOGA. 79 happened that if several chemists have analyzed the same Spas and found the same ingredients, the tabular view of the contents given by them have, nevertheless, been differ- ent, as they adopted different modes of combination. Analysis of the Spring Waters of Saratoga, as analyzed by Prof. C. R Chandler, Ph. Z>., of the Columbia School of Mines. - to 'S Q« £ ^ - to •r a, 5^ 458.299 8.733 1-307 0.039 Trace. 2.605 17.010 109.685 06.703 Trace. 1-703 0.269 1.818 0.026 Trace. 0.324 2.653 Trace. 506.630 4.292 0.266 0.006 Trace. 2.080 9.022 42-953 109.656 Trace. 0.075 o.793 2.769 0.023 Trace. 0.418 Trace. 338.500 16.989 1.800 0.042 Trace. 5-129 67.617 70.470 140.260 Trace. 0.992 Trace. Trace. 1.280 Trace. 702 . 239 40.446 3-579 0.234 Trace. 6.247 17.624 193.912 227.070 0.082 2.083 0.647 0.252 O.OIO Trace. 0.458 0.699 Trace. Chloride of potassium Bicarbonate of magnesia Phosphate of soda ... Total solid contents Carbonic acid gas, in i gallon, 701.174 384.969 4 8°F. 680.436 344.669 48°F. 644.627 361.500 4 8°F. 1195-582 465.468 4 8°F. Temperature .' i 80 SARATOGA. fe Oa 2 £ rt sib "S.S Uto #S~1g O NO « « « , « n n'o£ vo -^- ~ to p> iri tj- oco „,• .; „; to „; •* t> ow -; m io c-. o\ rj- ■* >r> CO g vO »■» ' Tj- O v^w « »«> vO MOOsg N -<1-CO 'H^wSSH 'HH \0 ■* w w -JVOOOOO Ov VO CT> CO O ■~co covo „: t^oo „; vO i-covo-i-growgQ 1 -*f w.^. M « ° vo-j-growgog co^o g -*-? % r~r « ° « m N m oovotoo^co^ocoMOot-^O^O m u ww b b £ V V « g> b b b £ b £ b Vo£ 3.9 ro t> w O vO CO £. O>t>0 Or MVOVOO !i m " o co Q g « m g ^-,0 S cow o ■w O "C ^^CO Ik W3 a th o< co ow o o , 5* CO & ro g C> N JovS g g O'ih g g £.vO g ««*0|jco* .coco Jj S, t»in 3 g «n «■> a. t-. •* w vo -: t>w •& o a : •*■ Coco fl ; „: co .: " 'V"h£ b ' I xr> cot" 1 « c3 winwvO.jvONNOv.TNOCOg vo o-r- CU jJT^ CU • " « g 1 eSfeps u- <-*-. <+-« Oi« o tu « o a> a) 0) 1» o (u o ! C G I o o co co(x< •°8°o O^w to a * -1 la s- i PQJ5 "f S 5 «> rt . , fiJill CO Ph °° g-oO n ;coNO^P« Snnw yco o mo ^iS °?H S°h^ R o£ 'cob b 4> 3- S- NQM-MftwoMOONinftooft ro o it w JS 't >noo mei »iO S o»i5 S OOC1 X ^ M U1C7N -*00 l>t>.;>OiO«) N in t^co f, °. .° r .° N «.°. ro ."'*'. in c» m oo £ « oo O V ' o o re re , >8 «rT r-~CO 0*m\0 o t „; co oo co ft co co « y « &W» •^-i--osoooooooO(_;c_;or_;oo ror~ o O •* i b b i ico t-*2> " c* S" N "'O'S ft ^ S ft "° ^ ""> ft coco . ■ 0>«iJ5 >noo 0fOc^t>0j5O-0}g-«t-0 O O |j {i 0* mh *0 |i n jj jj moving *o H! o s b ktl £ H ° b n'o oi o^i V '•* « £ co b b iHH 'H°i-H?rh' 0"0 N "ini 'w 00 ro t~-co o „; o „: „; r™ ? r? rer« & > « « o o£ o££ ' re J" T T f «j^ «o O co • .; ro .: .; vc J^ O -t ^ ro ■* _m % y% % vc ror^ ^> O H •♦ 'H "HH h- (O ,Ct3 SS 6 O OS re-O o o-- re .na-a o.'S'u'S ■S-S „; j, „ : «,.g o ««.o re pa Or, S-° a e e rr sljlislll.s'p^ y-- c M) to Sb to Hjw3paSpt, Sfaw^muu«o?ooco SARATOGA. 83 Caution. " Mineral waters contain, in all probability, many agents which we cannot imitate by artificial combinations. This is proved by every day's observation. Thus, the saline aperient mineral waters will produce ten times more effect than the identical materials artificially dissolved and mixed. The same is true with respect to the Chalybeate Springs. A grain of iron in them is more tonic than twenty grains exhibited according to the pharmacopaeia." * The Chemistry of Man. A chemist and physiologist thus gives the chemistry of man versus Congress water : " Here is a man who .weighs 140 pounds. I select him because he is convenient as a water-meter. Stand him up and let us look at him. Physiologists tell us that this man is made up of 100 pounds of water and 40 pounds of solids (strictly, 101 and 39). With all his firmness and apparent strength, and though he may look as dry and tanned as leather, and as tough, he is 70 per cent water. Burn him, and all you will get is a few ashes, the rest will have con- sumed and evaporated. Of the 40 pounds of solids, about one-half (say 20 pounds) being carbon, will burn, but nearly 30 of the 40 will actually disappear, and what you will have left will be about 10 pounds of bones, or bone ashes ; eight pounds of these bones will be found to be the phosphate of lime, one pound the carbonate of lime, and a little over five ounces the phosphate of magnesia. There are, also, from other parts of the body, about five ounces phosphate of potash, and certain small portions (counted in grains) amounting from a quarter of an ounce to one and two ounces of the following mineral constituents, to wit : Phos- Dr. James Johnson, of London. 84 SARATOGA. phate of soda, chloride of sodium, chloride of potassium, oxide of iron, carbonate of soda, sulphate of potash. " So, if we take out the fibrine and omit the lime (which is ir? excess), this man is about equal to a bottle of Congress water, with only some slight differences in the proportions of ingredients. Seventy -two (72) per cent of him is water, and the rest you may reduce to oxygen and its compounds, and the above-mention ed minerals." The Medicinal Action Of mineral waters differs in almost every respect from that of cathartics and diuretics, or eliminators in the materia medica. Medicines frequently act by counter-irritation, curing one organ by exciting and irritating another. Ordinary cathartics, diuretics and diaphoretics are com- posed of substances foreign to the system, and they act partly by their poisonous effects. The most important in- gredients of the Saratoga waters are natural to the body, and are also powerful oxydizers of the disintegrated tis- sues, carrying out of the body the waste matter. Mineral waters are similar to the blood, minus its organic constitu- ents, and are true restorative medicines, as well as powerful modifiers of the tissues themselves ; and these properties, and their gentle mode of action, constitute no small degree of their extraordinary merit. Saratoga water is a cholagogue in its properties — that is, it stimulates the action of the liver, and promotes the excre- tion of bile. Certain matters are secreted by that organ, which, if allowed to remain in the system, produce such diseases as jaundice. A great number of intestinal dis- eases and blood disorders are associated with derangements of the functions of the liver. The waters are not only laxative or apperient, but are also diuretic, antacid, deobstruent, alterative and tonic. RESIDENCE OF MRS. G. R. PUTNAM. J. S. Stevens & Vaughan, Architects. RESIDENCE OF JUDGE LESTER. J. S. Stevens & Vaughan, Architects. 86 SARATOGA. They increase the force of the heart and arteries, promote digestion, favor the action of the nutrient vessels, increase the peristaltic movement of the bowels, cleanse the system through the grandular organs, and impart strength and vigor. The Diseases, In which the water is specially beneficial, are very numer- ous. For instance, constipation, indigestion, liver and kidney difficulties, sterility, rheumatism, scrofula, cutane- ous eruptions, gout, paralysis, female diseases, acidity of the stomach, worms, hemorrhoids, calculi, sleeplessness, chronic diarrhoea, etc. It is a common occurrence for people who have been unable to take more than the lightest food for months and years — subsisting on tea and crackers, perhaps — after a few weeks course of Saratoga waters, to be able to attack plum cake, ice creams and other like indiscretions of renovated youth. The public have long since decided that, in a vast majority of diseases, the waters should be taken with a primary regard to their cathartic properties. Although they unavoidably produce at the same time diuretic, deob- struent and even tonic effects, yet it is their impression on the bowels which seems to make the most palpable inroad on existing disease, and at the same time, excites the atten- tion and confidence of the individual. The waters are of great service in many chronic dis- eases due to a habit of the system, as gout, rheumatism and oxalemia. The good effects of these mineral waters is partly due to the simple water which compose their great bulk, and their relative medicinal value is not always in exact ratio to the quantity of their solid ingredients. Of this quantity of water a large share passes off by the kid- neys, carrying with it the urea and reducing the fats. The water also assists in the oxydation of the lactic acid I SARATOGA. 87 into carbonic acid and water. It is a general opinion among physicians that rheumatism is due to an excess of lactic acid in the system, and hence the benefit derived from mineral waters. In those chronic diseases of the digestive organs, when the circulation is languid and there is mental depression and muscular inactivity, large quantities of spring water will be useful, and by cleansing the blood and increasing the oxydation in the secondary digestion will invigorate the whole system. Persons troubled with vertigo from a sluggish circula- tion accompanied by gout, rheumatism or gravel, should drink large quantities before breakfast daily. They are remedies especially adapted to adult persons and to persons at middle age, when life is ebbing. Those persons who do not consume much fluid depend upon the absorbent power of the skin to supply them with fluids, but when they grow old their skin becomes dry and cannot, therefore, supply them with the same quantity of fluid in this manner, and they must drink more water. In all such cases mineral waters are better than any thing else. Chronic catarrh of the larynx is often cured by a course of mineral waters, when it has resisted all previous treat- ment by drugs. Their effect is marked upon those who follow routine life, as they seem to break up the unhealthy habits, into which the system is so liable to fall. A continued position from day to day at a desk or chair may produce more or less derangement of the vascular system, which mineral waters cure. They are specially adapted to females, though, from their habits of life, there is more difficulty in increasing the appetite and digestion of women than men. Hemorrhoids occur when the circulation in the lower 88 SARATOGA. branches of the portal system is sluggish. There is first enlargement of contiguous veins which are situated in very loose tissue. They are irritated by fecal accumulations. They inflame and form hardened masses. Stimulate the whole portal circulation by mineral waters and this whole mass will be absorbed. It is all the more certain to do this when they inflame the hemorrhoids at first. All the pelvic viscera may be affected by mineral waters. They are useful in chronic cystetis or inflammation of the blad- der, especially when patients have to rise often in the night. The Hamilton water is good in stricture of the uretha, and for enlarged prostate in old men. Elderly men thus affected are greatly benefited by a six weeks' residence at Saratoga annually. It is recorded that during the revolutionary war, while the troops lay at Saratoga, many of those afflicted with par- asitical skin diseases were sent to the springs in companies, and were invariably cured. Among the inhabitants of Saratoga worms and scrofula are very rare. Many cases of sterility are cured by mineral water, while other cases are not benefited. In many diseases of the lower extremities, dependent upon sluggishness of the liver as sciatica, and in lumbago and ague, etc., mineral waters go direct to the source of the malady. In chronic ulcers and varicose veins they are of benefit. In such cases the indication is to increase the interchange between the fluids in the capillaries and the fluids in the tissues outside. This interchange in the blood is increased by the increase of the saline matter in the blood which stimulates absorption and increases secretion. In chronic catarrh and in chronic bronchitis not due to consumption, not accompanied by spasmodic asthma, espe- cially in those cases where the veins of the face are dilated Dr. L. E. WHITING, The oldest resident Physician. SARATOGA. 89 by paroxysms of coughing, a course of mineral water i3 of some service. The value of mineral waters has been shown in the treatment of obscure and chronic diseases. In many instances persons have been restored to health by mineral waters when all other means had proved of no avail. It should be remembered, also, that many who indulge in dis- sipation while drinking the waters somehow or other are improved in health by mineral waters. To repeat all the disorders which they have been known to benefit, would be very nearly to copy the sad list of ail- ments to which our creaky frames are subject. In short, spring water is good for the stomach, good for the skin, good for ladies of all possible ages, and for all sorts and conditions of men. One disease it may not cure — alas, how common ! There is an aching void in every heart, The sad attendant of man's weary life — For all disease else, kind nature gives Some healing draught. For this there'3 none ; Earth yields no balm for this. But after all the attractions, amusements and society of Saratoga are about the best calculated of any thing to " drive dull care away." Directions for Use. The late Dr. Steel wrote in 1837 : " The waters are so generally used, and their effects so seldom injurious, par- ticularly to persons in health, that almost everyone who has ever drank of them assumes the prerogative of direct- ing their use to others ; were these directions always the result of careful experience and observation they would be less objectionable ; but there are numerous persons who flock about the springs without any positive knowledge of the composition and effect of the waters, who contrive to dispose of their directions, many times to the detriment of 90 SARATOGA . those who desire to be benefited, but who are thus disap- pointed in the use of the water." It is hardly possible to lay down all rules for any of the springs, there is so much individuality in each case, so much that requires special attention, and the special direc- tion of a physician, that in almost any case advice should be obtained from some of the physicians who devote par- ticular attention to the waters. At the present time Dr. Whiting, who has practiced medicine at Saratoga longer than any one else, devotes a large share of his practice to advice in regard to drinking the waters. It is proper to add that we make this allusion to him without any solicitation from him, and even without his knowledge, and we do so simply because we understand that he makes the waters his specialty, and not to dispar- age the numerous excellent physicians at Saratoga. The standard rule is, that wheji drinking the waters for cathartic purposes they should be taken before breakfast in the morning. In many cases it is also advisable to drink one or two glasses at night before retiring, followed by a larger quantity in the morning. Even this rule is not always the best for every one. Some find it better to drink the water an hour before breakfast, others only a few moments. Some people have stomachs of so cold and torpid a habit that they need the most active and exciting remedies. Others have such exquisitely irritable nerves that they need anodyne medicines if they attempt to drink what are called the " stronger " waters. The bowels of these people may be thrown into great pain and distension by a few tumblers taken in the morning at some of the springs. They are foolish if they conclude at once that no Saratoga water will help them. Gradual loss of appetite, sense of fullness and oppression, feverishness, and sometimes SARATOGA. 9 1 cholera morbus, indicate that the waters need to be sus- pended for a time, or a less exciting spring should be selected. Saratoga is proverbially a hungry place, and a powerful appetite is usually produced by the waters. It is the interest of the boarding-houses to provide an inviting table. There are cases in which a stimulating diet is nec- essary, but the craving appetite of the valetudinarian should be guarded. "Even here, let not The thoughtless fashion of the giddy crowd Tempt thee too far." For cathartic purposes from two to four glasses are usu- ally sufficient, drank within a short interval and only a few minutes before breakfast. Many physicians attribute the cathartic effect to the " stimulus of distension " as well as to the absorption of the mineral properties, and for this purpose the water should not be sipped, but drank. Before eating, the sipping of a little tea or coffee will make the waters more efficacious. None of the cathartic waters should be drank in large quantities immediately before, during or within two hours after meals, as they are then liable to disturb digestion and prevent nutrition. The enormous quantities of water which some persons imbibe at the popular springs is perfectly shocking, and can only be injurious. It is no uncommon occurrence to see persons drink from five to ten glasses of Congress or Hathorn water with scarcely any interval, and the writer has heard of a lady who swallowed within a few minutes fourteen glasses of one of the springs. It is to be pre- sumed that her thirst was satisfied, as no further account of her has been given. 92 SARATOGA. Aphorisms. Do not mix the drinks. A moderate use of the waters will be found most beneficial. The diet should be liberal, but an abundance of vegeta- bles should be avoided, and only those which are perfectly fresh should be used. As an alterative, the waters should be drank in small quantities during the day. The iron waters are liable to cause headache when taken before breakfast. They may be used with benefit before, or after, dinner or tea. From one-half to one glass is all that is necessary. The diuretic waters should be drank before meals, and at night, and should not be followed by warm drinks. Walking and other exercise increase the diuretic effect. Attention to system should characterize the use of these as of other remedies. It is impossible to give complete and invariable directions for drinking any of the waters. The experience and necessities of each individual can alone determine many things in regard to their use. It is advisable to consult some experienced resident physician. Bathing in mineral water will be found frequently bene- ficial. Raising the temperature of the water by placing a bottle of it in boiling water, makes it more efficacious as a cathar- tic. It is also said to precipitate the iron. Counter Indications. According to good medical authority, the waters are counter indicated in SARATOGA. 93 1. All acute inflammations of any organ or structure j whatever. 2. In organic diseases of the heart or great vessels. 3. In confirmed cases of consumption and cancer. When suffering from a " cold," the cathartic and diuretic waters should be avoided. They have a tendency to aggra- vate the " cold." When fatigued, especially early in the day, it is not well to drink large quantities. Except in very small quantities, and under fully compe- tent medical advice, mineral waters are positively forbidden in all malignant diseases. This may be called the first axiom in hydrology, and completely disposes of all cancer cases. In true cancer, the fatal end is all the sooner brought about by the use of mineral waters, often with frightful rapidity. In cases sometimes mistaken for cancer, even by skillful surgeons, the cure of the case by mineral waters decides at once that it was not cancer. THE -ETNA SPRING Is the name given to a spouting well recently discovered on the margin of the little lake near Geyser Spring, and just across the water from the Triton well. As the spring has not been open to the public, we are unable at present to describe its properties. CONGRESS SPRING, In Congress Park, just below Congress Hall. Congress and Empire Spring Company are the proprietors. The New York office is at 94 Chambers street. History. Congress Spring was discovered in 1792, by a party of three gentlemen, who were out upon a hunting excursion. Among the party was John Taylor Gilman, an ex-member 96 SARATOGA. of Congress from New Hampshire. Probably in that day, office conferred more honor than at the present time, and as a compliment to so distinguished a person, the spring was then and there christened the Congress. The atten- tion of the hunters was attracted to the spot by the foot- prints of large numbers of deer, the first patrons, it seems, of the sparkling water. Although more especially esteemed by pretty dears of a different character at the present day, the liquid-eyed fawn, who grace Congress Park, are among those who take their daily rations. At the time of dis- covery, the low ground about the spring was a mere swamp, and the country in the immediate vicinity a wilderness. We are told the deer frequently come with their little fawns and drink out of tumblers like christian folk, and in their innocent pretty ways show their appreciation of the beverage. The water issued in a small stream, from an aperture which resembled a worn hole in one of those large masses of silicious lime rock which compose the upper stratum of the formation at this place, and which formed the margin of a small book. The water was caught by pressing a glass to the side of the rock. The flow of water was only about one quart per minute. Undertaking to protect the spring by proper tubing, which was attempted a few years after its discovery, it was temporarily lost ; but, at length, by the genius of Gideon Putnam, the projector and first proprietor of Union Hall, and the founder of Congress Hall, it was reclaimed. Ob- serving bubbles of gas rising to the surface of the brook, within a few feet of the spot at which the water was first observed to flow, he caused the stream to be turned aside into an artificial channel ; a shaft was then sunk in the empty bed of the brook, and by means of a tube of pine planks a copious supply of the mineral water was secure 1. From the date of its recovery (1804) to the present time 98 SARATOGA. this celebrated spring lias been the center of attraction at Saratoga. Its name has become a household word through- out the land, and the whole civilized world are its customers. At one time Mr. Putnam had three large potage kettles evaporating the water. Tl\e salts thus precipitated were sold in small packages to the amount of several hundred dollars. It was not long, however, before it was discovered that Congress water was not obtained by re-dissolving the salts, as might have been expected if the nature of the water had been considered. About the year 1820, Dr John Clarke, the proprietor of the first soda fountain opened in this country, purchased the Congress Spring property. By him the water was first bottled for transportation and sale, and to him the village is indebted for much of its beauty and attractiveness. The simple and tasteful Doric colonnade over the Con- gress, and the pretty Grecian dome over the Columbian were erected by him. Dr. Clarke realized a handsome income from the sale of the water. He died in 1846, but the property continued in the hands of his heirs, under the firm name of Clarke & White, until 1865, when it was pur- chased by an incorporated company, under the title of " Congress and Empire Spring Company." The capital is $1,000,000, and the company is composed of a large number of individual stockholders. The present proprietors of Congress Spring have contributed not a little to the beauty and attractiveness of this favorite watering place. Crowds gather round the fountain in the early summer morning to win appetite for breakfast and life for the pleas- ures of the day. Old and young, sick and well, everybody, drinks, for the Congress fountain is as much the morning exchange as the ball-room is the resort at evening. SARATOGA. 99 Medicinal Properties. The Saratoga waters have acquired their high reputation from the virtues of Congress Spring. Our chapter on the medicinal action of mineral waters, and the diseases in which they are beneficial, is the result of experiments and observations with Congress Water, and gives a more elab- orate statement of its properties. To say that any water resembles Congress Spring, is to give it the highest possi- ble commendation. When taken before breakfast the water is a pleasant and very effective cathartic. Drank in moderate quantities throughout the day, it is a delightful, wholesome beverage, its effects being alterative and slightly tonic. It is success- fully used in affections of the liver and kidneys ; and for chronic constipation, dyspepsia and gout it is highly valued. It has been employed in cases of venal calculi with de- cidedly beneficial results. Invalids have been often surprised and delighted, after using the waters a few weeks, to find themselves rapidly gaining flesh and strength ; the real secret of their improve- ment being in the effect of the water, which greatly increases the power of assimilation, thereby securing a larger pro- portion of the nutrition contained in food, much of which is lost when the digestive functions have become impaired. In cases of chronic dyspepsia, a persevering use of the water, with proper dietetic restrictions, and suitable atten- tion to the ordinary rules of health, gives the sufferer a speedy sense of relief, and in the end is certain to eradicate the disease, with its attendant miseries. As a general renovater and preserver of health, as a home remedy at once innocent and efficient, Congress Water is of incalculable value. It is prescribed by the faculty in certain diseases with as much confidence as any preparation known to the apothecary. SARATOGA. 101 Where there is a debilitated condition of the stomach and bowels, resulting in chronic diai'rhcea, the water pro- duces free dejections, without languor or debility, thus re- moving the foetid and irritating accumulations induced by the inflated state of the system, and which provoke the disease ; and it also acts as a gentle stimulant, by which the digestive functions are improved, and such additional strength imparted to the body as enables nature success- fully to combat with the disease. The use of the water as a cathartic is also beneficial in jaundice, the various forms of neuralgia, enlargement of the liver and spleen, rheumatic affections, cutaneous dis- eases, and in nearly all disorders occasioned by that round of fashionable indulgences generally termed " high living." Instead of causing nausea or disturbance of the stomach, as is the effect of ordinary cathartics, the water, while it produces copious evacuations, seems at the same time to invigorate the whole system, giving a' relish for the coarsest and most common articles of food. The freedom from griping pains, which is noticeable in the cathartic opera- tions of the water, is owing to the sedative effects of the carbonic acid gas, which also tends to prevent that sense of languor usually accompanying the operation of ordinary medicines of this class. Prof. C. F. Chandler, of the New York Board of Health, says that the peculiar excellence of Congress water is due to the fact that it contains, in the most desir- able proportions, those substances which produce its agreeable flavor and satisfactory medicinal effects ; neither holding them in excess, nor lacking any constituent to be desired in this class of waters," and he recommends this water as a cathartic above all others, on account of its almost entire freedom from iron, which is frequently irri- tating and constipating, and when largely present in min- SARATOGA. 103 eral waters requires more of the saline properties in order to give them a cathartic effect. Most of the Saratoga waters generally contain a larger percentage of iron. In submitting a new analysis (which appears elsewhere), Prof. Chandler writes : " A comparison of this with the analysis made by Dr. John H. Steel, in 1832, proves that Congress water still retains its original strength, and all the virtues which established its well merited reputation." Bottling the Water. It should be remembered that the water of this spring is sold in bottles only. What purports to be Congress water, for sale on draught in various places throughout the country, is not genuine. The artificial preparations thus imposed upon the public may have a certain resemblance in taste and appearance, but are frequently worse than worthless for medicinal purposes. COLUMBIAN SPRING, In Congress Park, under the Grecian Dome, near the Con- gress spring; Congress and Empire Spring Co., proprietors. History and Peculiarities. This spring was opened in 1806 by Gideon Putnam. The water issues from the natural rock, about seven feet below the surface of the ground, and is protected by heavy wooden tubing. It is the most popular spring among the residents of Saratoga. The escaping bubbles of free carbonic acid gas give to the fountain a boiling motion. Large quanti- ties of the gas can easily be collected at the mouth of the spring at any time. Properties. It is a fine chalybeate or iron water, possessing strong tonic properties. It also has a diuretic action, and is exten- 1 04 SARATOGA. sively used for that purpose. The water is recommended to be drank in small quantities frequently during the day, generally preceded by the use of the cathartic waters taken before breakfast. Only from one-half to one glass should be taken at a time. When taken in large quantities, or before breakfast, its effects might remind one of that great race in northern COLUMBIAN SPRING. and central Europe — the Teutonic (too tonic). A peculiar headache would certainly be experienced. The proper use of this water is found to strengthen the tone of the stomach, and to increase the red particles of the blood which, according to Liebig, perform an important part in respiration. It has been proved by actual experi- SARATOGA. 105 ments that the number of red particles of the blood may be doubled by the use of preparations of iron. Though containing but 3.26 grains of iron in one gallon of wa'.er — Prof. Chandler's analysis — it is an evident and remarkable fact that the water thus weakly impregnated has a most perceptible iron taste in every drop. Is it much to be wondered at, then, that a mineral which has so exten- sive a power of affecting the palate should possess equally extensive influence over the whole system ? Many minerals in a diluted state of solution may pass easily through the absorbents, while, in a more concentrated state, they may be excluded. Carbonic acid gas, for instance, when diluted, is readily inhaled, but when concentrated, acts in a peculiar manner upon the wind-pipe, so as to prevent its admission. So, the happy medicinal effects of these iron waters seem to consist, to some extent, in the minute division of the mineral properties, so that they are readily taken into the system. THE CRYSTAL SPRING Is under the southern extremity of the Grand Hotel. The proprietors have named it the Crystal Spring, from the crystalline appearance of the water, which does not rise to the surface, but is pumped up from a depth of several feet. It was discovered in 1870 by experimental excavation. The characteristic, and to many, disagreeable odor of sulphur- etted hydrogen is readily perceived. Sulphur veins, or iron pyrites, are found in all sections of this valley ; one of the most provoking problems of the owners of the springs being to keep their fountains from a sulphur taint, the quantity and quality of which is not considered beneficial, while it injures the sale of the bottled water. The Crystal Spring is somewhat alterative in its rathe- peutic effect. 106 SARATOGA. THE ELLIS SPRING Is near the railroad, between the Glacier and Geyser Springs. It has been known for a long time. The water flows through the slate rock, and unlike any other spring at Saratoga, issues in a horizontal direction from the side of the hill. It is a very fine chalybeate, but is not bottled. EMPIRE SPRING, Situated on Spring avenue, at the head of Circular street, and near the base of a high limestone bluff, in the northerly part of the village, a few rods above the Star Spring, and about three-fourths of a mile from the Congress. Owned by the Congress and Empire Spring Company. O. H. Cromwell, Superintendent. History. Mineral water was known to trickle down the bank at this point ever since the land was cleared of its primitive shrubs. It was not till the year 1846 that the fountain was taken in charge. The tubing is eleven feet and fits closely to the rock. Messrs. Weston & Co., the early proprietors, made extensive improvements in the grounds surrounding, planting shade trees, etc., and during the past year the opening of Spring avenue has rendered the place more attractive. Properties. The water of this spring has a general resemblance to that of the Congress. In the cathartic effects of the two waters the difference is scarcely appreciable, although from the presence of a larger quantity of magnesia in the Con- gress, its operation is perhaps somewhat more pungent. The Empire is highly esteemed for the treatment of obscure and chronic diseases requiring alterative and diuretic remedies. It is also recommended as a preventive or 108 SARATOGA. remedy for the diseases natural to warm climates, especially intermittent, gastric and bilious fevers, dysenteries and disorders of the liver. The directions for using are the same as for the Congress. It cannot be predicted with certainty in any instance, which water, as a cathartic, will be most effective, and, after trial and comparison of the effects of both waters, the preference is frequently given to this. The water is espe- cially adapted to the successful treatment of rheumatism and gout, cutaneous diseases, etc. It acts freely as a cathartic without producing the debility, pain and nausea that usually attend the use of cathartic drugs, gives vigor to the circulation, removes constipation, creates an appetite and promotes a healthy condition of all the secretions and excretions of the system. EUREKA MINERAL SPRING Is situated on Lake avenue, and on Spring avenue, about a mile east of Broadway, and a few rods beyond the Excel- sior Spring. Eureka Spring Co., proprietors. A. R. Dyett, Esq., President. The location of the spring is in the midst of very roman- tinc and picturesque scenery, embracing a beautiful park of some twenty-five acres. Since the water was analyzed the fountain has been retubed, and its quality improved. It is serviceable in dyspepsia and all diseases and affections of the liver and kidneys, and is classed among saline and cathartic waters. It resembles in taste and appearance the other Saratoga waters. The New York office of the Eureka Spring Com- pany, for the sale of their bottled water, is at No. 7 Hud- son R. R. R. Depot, Varick street. Mr. Benj. J. Levy is the agent. Within a few steps of the Eureka, and belonging to the SARATOGA. \QQ same company, is the White Sulphur Spring and bathing- house. The water of the White Sulphur Spring is an hepatic water of an excellent character, possessing, as the company claim, every essential element to render it equal for internal use to the best White Sulphur waters in this State, and far superior to most of them. The company have erected a commodious bath-house, containing fifty bath-rooms, with every convenience for warm and cold baths, at a moderate price. Frequent omnibuses convey passengers to and from these springs foi a reasonable fare. EUREKA WHITE SULPHUR SPRING Is about a mile east of Broadway and only a few rods dis- tant from the Eureka Mineral and the Ten Springs. Lake avenue and Spring avenue lead directly to it. THE EXCELSIOR SPRING Is found in a beautiful valley, amid most romantic scenery, about a mile east of the town hall, and near the center of what will hereafter be known as " Excelsior Park." The principal entrance to this spring is on Lake avenue, about half a mile east of Circular street. Another route is via Spring avenue, by which we pass a majority of the other springs, and also the Loughberry water-works, which sup- ply the village of Saratoga Springs with water from the Excelsior Lake by the celebrated Holly system. Just before us, as we reach a point where the avenue turns toward the Excelsior, is the fine summer hotel known as the Mansion House, and the pretty cottage residence of Mr. Henry Lawrence. History. The Excelsior Spring has been appreciated for its valua- ble qualities by some of the oldest visitors of Saratoga for 110 SARATOGA at least half a century. The water, however, was not gen- erally known to the public until in 1859, when Mr. H. H. Lawrence, the former owner, and father of the present pro- prietors, retubed the spring at a considerable expense, hav- ing excavated it to a depth of fifty-six feet, eleven of which are in the solid rock. By this improvement the water flows with all its properties undeteriorated, retaining from source to outlet its original purity and strength. Since then, the present proprietors, under the firm of A. R. Lawrence & Co., by a new and improved method of bottling and barreling the Excelsior water under its own hydro- static pressure, have given it an increased reputation, and it is rapidly attaining a wide-spread popularity. Properties. The water of this spring is a pleasant cathartic, and has also alterative and tonic properties, and is moreover a very delightful beverage. Two or three glasses in the morning is the dose as a cathartic. As an alterative and diuretic, it should be taken in small quantities during the day. We SARATOGA. 1 1 1 have seen stronger commendations of this water from the highest medical authorities than of any other. Exportation of the Water. After a refreshing draught from this sparkling and deli- cious fountain, let us not fail to examine the proprietors' peculiar and very perfect method of bottling and barreling the Excelsior water by its own hydrostatic pressure. Enter- ing their handsome brick bottling house, we find our way to a capacious and well-lighted cellar, in which we discover a perpendicular opening some ten feet in diameter. In this subterranean chamber the process of filling is performed at a point twelve feet below the surface of the spring. To this point the Excelsior water is conveyed from the spring by means of a block tin pipe, through which it runs into reservoirs lowered into the chamber for that purpose. These reservoirs are strong oak barrels lined with pure block tin in such a manner as to be perfectly gas-tight and furnished with two tubes, one quite short and the other extending from the top to the bottom of the reservoir. By filling the reservoirs through the long tube by the simple weight of the water, the air is excluded, while the gas is not allowed to escape. When sold on draught, it is only necessary to connect the long tube with the draught- tube, and the short tube with an air pump, when the water can be forced out by the pressure of the air, and will flow forth sparkling and delicious as at the spring, without being recharged with gas. The Bottling House of the Excelsior spring is the most complete in its appointments of any at Saratoga. One of its peculiar features is the underground vaults outside of, but connected by iron doors with, the main cel- lar. In these vaults is stored the bottled water, secure 112 SARATOGA. alike from winter's frost or summer's heat, until packed for market. Having concluded our investigation, and tarried to notice the Union, Minnehaha and other springs which bubble up in this immediate vicinity, we have now the choice of continuing along the banks of a winding stream to the Eureka and White Sulphur Springs, or of returning by the way of Lake avenue. But should we prefer the healthful exercise of walking, we may dismiss our car- riage and stroll into those magnificent woods that border the hill and valley for half a mile between Excelsior Spring and the village. Through them there is a wide and shady path, well known to visitors who love the pictur- esque, and along its winding way is found the shortest walk to the center of the village. " Nor is the stately scene without Its sweet secluded treasures, Where hearts that shun the crowd may find Their own exclusive pleasures ; Deep charming shades, for pensive thought, The hours to wear away in, And vaulted isles of whispering pines For lovers' feet to stray in. The beauty of this region would seem to indicate it as the proper site for the future Central Park of Saratoga. THE GEYSER SPOUTING SPRING Is about a mile and a half below the village, on the Ballston road, and near the railroad. Business address, " Geyser Spring." History. This wonderful mineral fountain was discovered in Feb- ruary, 1870. There had been indications of mineral water in this neighborhood, which had been noticed for a long time. The building, which is now used as a bottling house, and beneath which the spring was found, was used as a bolt factory. The proprietors, after due deliberation, 114 SARATOGA. determined to bore for a spring. They were successful, and when they had reached a point 140 feet below the surface rock, they struck the mineral vein. The water immediately burst forth with vehemence, and the marvel- ous phenomenon of a spouting spring was established. The orifice bored in the rock is five and a half inches in diameter and 140 feet deep. The tubing is a block tin pipe, encased with iron, eighty-five feet in length and two inches in diameter. The diameter of the orifice of the tube is three- eighths of an inch. The tube is firmly secured at the bottom, and " seed bags " are filled in around it, so that all the water and gas is compelled to enter the tube, thereby preventing the possibility of adulteration. The fact that the spring is located 140 feet beneath the solid rock renders it free from all impurities of surface waters. Peculiarities. The water is thrown up by the action of its own carbonic acid gas, with great force, producing a fountain jet very attractive in appearance. The height of the fountain is twenty-five feet. A portion of the stream is allowed to flow through a hollow globe of glass, and large bubbles of gas, of a bright pearl color, rising in rapid succession through the water, form a beautiful addition to the attrac- tiveness of the fountain. The curious will find an oppor- tunity to obtain a sniff of pure gas at a wooden tube, near the bottling room, where water is drawn for bottling. It is noticeable that when a portion of the stream is allowed to flow through another tube to the bottling room the fountain spouts to an unusual height. Properties. The water, shown by the analysis, is a powerful cathartic and contains a larger amount of valuable medicinal piop- SARATOGA. 115 erties than any other spring at Saratoga. The dose is from one to two glasses. The temperature of the spring is 46 deg. Fahr., being only 14 deg. from the freezing point. As the water is drawn from the fountain it foams like soda water, from the great abundance of carbonic acid gas, which gives to the water its agreeable taste. During the two years since its discovery, the water has been introduced all over the Union, and is now to be obtained in the principal cities of America and Europe. A beautiful ravine, cascade and lake, and a sulphur spring also, are in the immediate vicinity south of th,e spring. Seats are provided and the pleasure seeker will find a few hours in this locality a delightful recreation. The Geyser Spring is one of the chief attractions of Saratoga, and no visitor should fail to see it and taste its sparkling water. THE GLACIER SPOUTING SPRING, " Sparkling, rippling and dancing about, Freighted with health and brilliant with light, Soothing the ear and entrancing the sight," May be found in a little valley east of the railroad and directly opposite the Geyser Spring, about a mile south of the village. Location. This spring is only a few rods south of the railroad crossing, from which a new road has been recently laid out and graded. Ask your hackman to drive to it. Those who visit the spouting springs should not fail to see the Glacier, the great spoutist, and the most remarkable of all. It was discovered in September, 1871, and is the most re- markable fountain in the world. It discharges from four to eight gallons per minute, spouting through a quarter- inch nozzle to a height of fifty-two feet, or through an inch and a half nozzle eighty feet, pouring forth a perfect suds of water and gas. 116 SARATOGA. History. In the spring of 1870, Mr. Jesse Button, having been employed to sink the Geyser well, was so successful that he was induced to bore for another spring on land owned by D. Gibbs, Esq., in this locality. Mineral water was found at no great depth, but in no considerable quantity. The well was sunk 220 feet in the slate rock reaching the magnesian limestone. At this point the mineral water could be made to spout for a few moments, occasionally, by agitating it with a sand-pump. The stream, however, was quite small, and as Mr. Button was called elsewhere, the project was temporarily abandoned. In September, 1871, boring was resumed. The diameter of the well which had been sunk was five and three-fourth inches. It was made an inch larger, tapering toward the bottom, and the well was continued through the magnesian limestone to the Trenton limestone, making a total depth of 300 feet. Hav- ing reached this point the water spouted forth with great force. The well was at once carefully tubed. Properties. The water is very concentrated, and small doses are all that is required. It will bear dilution with fresh water SARATOGA. 1 1 7 much better than milk. It seems to have not only strong cathartic properties, but a special action upon the kidneys and liver. For medicinal purposes it promises to equal any in Saratoga. As an object of curiosity and interest, the Glacier Spring is unequaled in Saratoga, and it will doubtless speedily become a popular resort. Don't fail to visit it. HAMILTON SPRING, •On Spring street, corner of Putnam, in the rear of Congress Hall, and a short distance from Hathorn Spring. Its prin- cipal action is diuretic, and in large doses cathartic. The mineral ingredients are the same as those of the other springs, but, owing to the peculiar combination, the medic- inal effects are widely different. It has been found of great service in kidney complaints. From one to three glasses during the day is the usual dose. It should be used under the prescription of a physician, and warm drinks should not be taken immediately after. Persons suffering from " a cold " should not drink this water. It is not bottled. THE HATHORN SPRING Is situated at the center of the village on Spring street, immediately opposite Congress Hall on the north, a few steps from Broadway, and in the immediate vicinity of the large hotels. Hon. H. H. Hathorn, proprietor. History. The spring derives its name from the fact that it was dis- covered by Mr. Hathorn in the fall of 1868, while the work- men were engaged in excavating for the foundation of the Congress Hall ball-room. It was no sooner tubed, in 1869, than it attained a popularity unparalleled in the history of Sara- toga's mineral springs. Its reputation is daily increasing, 118 SARATOGA. and its bottled waters (it is sold in bottles only) are now sold in large quantities at all the principal points in the country. At the Spring. There is nothing at present to attract the great crowds which frequent the spring, other than the quality of its waters. The scene at this spring in the morning between the hours of five and nine presents a very good illustration of the fact that Saratoga has attractions for those in search of recreation and health in her mineral fountains, such as no other watering-place possesses. At this time the visit- ing population may be found at the springs, partaking of the cup that cheers, but not inebriates. Half a dozen active dipper-boys with dippers holding glasses filled with the mineral fluid can scarcely work fast enough to supply those who crowd to the counter, while hundreds are waiting for a chance. Medical Properties. The water of this spring is a powerful cathartic and alterative, and for these purposes it is unrivaled by any mineral water or pharmaceutical preparation in the world. As a cathartic and general evacuant, when taken before breakfast its effects are speedy, unloading the whole length of the digestive tube of the remnants of the previous days injesta* These undigested remains, of no further use to the system, may be the source of much harm, but when expelled they leave the digestive and assimilating powers free to perform their work. The waters of the Hathorn Spring are pleasant to the taste and grateful to the stomach. The natural carbonic ♦Note. A portion of our description of the medical properties is taken from Dr. Allen's Handbook of Saratoga, published in 1867. SARATOGA. 119 acid gas, which they contain, gives them a peculiar spark- ling and exhilerating effect. The peculiar virtue of min- eral waters is, that they operate without producing any pain, weakness or languor, and without causing any debil- ity, and they leave the alimentary canal stronger and its functions more vigorous. The appetite is strengthened, the digestive functions greatly improved, the power of assimilation and nutrition increased, the whole system is stimulated and additional strength is imparted to the body, and as a consequence, new and increased vigor to the mind by Nature's salutary elixir. To those whose digestive organs have been impaired, enfeebled or exhausted, to those who are suffering from dyspepsia, constipation and disorders of. the stomach, the Hathorn Spring water will prove itself an agent of the greatest service. In those cases where a strong cathartic is needed, its effects are excellent, benefiting those upon whom the milder waters have no effect. For people in robust health, it is regarded as a superior summer drink, preventing malarial fevers, cholera and bil- liousness, and by increasing the oxydation of the tissues, preventing morbid accumulations in the blood. In short, it cleanses and keeps the stomach in order, and this prevents nearly all forms of disease. As a diuretic, the water must be differently administered ; the quantity taken should be less and repeated at shorter intervals. Its action on the kidneys and the general renal secretions is prompt, certain, uniform and efficient. In many cases of biliousness where no organic disease exists, when taken in the morning in proper quantity for physic, and in smaller portions during the day to operate on the kidneys, skin and liver, the water has been found successf ul in regulating the system. 120 SARATOGA. That peculiar habit of the system produced by a round of fashionable life, or by over indulgence and indiscretion in eating, are relieved, and when there is a lack of tone to the system, a general malaise, the water is magical in its effects. In a gravelly state of the kidneys and the bladder, the water should be taken in such quantity and with such reple- tion as to insure a copious diuresis. In many such cases, quantities of sand and small calculi will be passed with the urine. One of the characteristics of this water is the unusual amount of lithia contained in it, and which enhances its medicinal value, in nearly all those kidney difficulties requiring a diuretic. From one to three glasses before breakfast is the usual quantity when drank as a cathartic ; from one-third to one glass frequently during the day and evening for alterative and tonic purposes, and as an appetizer. Persons suffering from acute inflammatory disease, or whose alimentary organs are unusually sensitive, should not, of course, imbibe large quantities at a time, and if using the water for cathartic purposes, would, perhaps, increase the benefit derived from the water by accompany- ing sedative treatment. The Hathorn fountain is a pure and natural spring. The water rises surrounded by a heavy wooden tubing forty feet in length and penetrating two feet into the rock, and it is bottled, as it flows, directly at the tube. HIGH ROCK SPRING Is located on Spring avenue, in the northern portion of the village. The High Rock is the oldest, in point of discovery, of the Saratoga springs. As early as 1767, Sir William Johnson was brought to it on a litter by his Indian friends SARATOGA. 121 COLONNADE OVER HIGH ROCK. of the Mohawk tribe. It takes its name from the dome- shaped rock — a superb vase of nature's unassisted work- manship, which is justly considered the most remarkable curiosity in this vicinity. The mound of stone, three or four feet high, appears like a miniature volcano, except that sparkling water instead of melted lava flows from its 1 22 SARATOGA. little crater. When Sir William Johnson visited the springs, and in fact until quite recently, the water did not overflow the mound, but came to within a few inches of the summit, some other hidden outlet permitting its escape. The Indians had a tradition, however, which was undoubt- edly true, that the water formerly flowed over the rim of the opening. There were numerous reasons assigned in the traditions of the Indians why the Great Spirit was displeased and the water ceased to overflow. In our researches about Saratoga we found a legend that far back, when the deer made this their resort and were shot by hunters while regaling them- selves at the fountain, an Indian maiden who was impure bathed in the spring, since which time the water did not rise to the top of the mound. As a bit of fantasy, we pre- sent the legend as thus narrated : Far in the forest's deep recess, Dark, hidden and alone, 'Mid marshy ferns and tangled woods There rose a rocky cone. It was a strange mysterious spot, And near no mortal dwelled ; But there retired the sorcerer priest, His sacred orgies held. There, the fierce tenants of the wood On one another preyed, And though the timid deer were slain, Yet, fondly 'round they strayed. Their natures craved the saline draught, For that they eager sought, And oft one single hasty sip Was with their life blood bought. Within that rocky cone a spring Of healing water rose, And o'er the top it glittering spreads, And down the sides it flows ; It looked as if, with brilliant gems, That curtained rock was bound, » As sparkling hung the airy stream Like floating drap'ry round. SARATOGA. 123 From forth the forest's deepest gloom, There moved with stealthy pace, A female form of lovely mould And beauty's witching face ; Upon her brow the summer sun, And the free desert air, Had cast a mellow auburn tint, With love to revel there. She came to bathe in that pure spring, As forth the waters boiled ; Her hand she raised to touch the fount, Backl back! the stream recoiled. Deep printed on that beating heart, Forever to remain, In spite of tears and cleansing founts, There was a guilty stain. Down in the bosom of the rock, The gurgling fountain fell ; There still it flows, and its lone sound As notes of warning swell. That guilty one in frantic fear, Fled with desponding shame, Nor, was she ever heard of more, And none recalled her name. Such is the legend. A few years ago (1866) the property changed hands, and the new owners, convinced that by stopping the lateral outlet they could cause the water to issue again from the mouth of the rock, employed a num- ber of men to undermine the mound, and with a powerful hoisting derrick to lift it off and set it one side, that the spring might be explored. " Just below the mound were found four logs, two of which rested upon the other, two at right angles, forming a curb. Under the logs were bundles of twigs resting upon the dark-brown or black soil of a previous swamp. Evi- dently some ancient seekers after health had found the spring in the swamp, and to make it more convenient to secure the water had piled brush around it, and then laid down the logs as a curb. But you inquire, how came the rock, which weighed several tons, above the logs ? The rock was formed by the water. It is composed of tufa, 124 SARATOGA. carbonate of lime, and was formed in the same manner as stalactites and stalagmites are formed. As the water flowed over the logs, the evaporation of a portion of the carbonic acid gas caused the separation of an equivalent quantity of insoluble carbonate of lime, which, layer by layer, built up the mound. A fragment of the rock which I possess contains leaves, twigs, hazel nuts, and snail shells, which, falling from time to time upon it, were incrusted and finally imprisoned in the stony mass. SARATOGA. 125 Analysis of a Fragment of the Rock. Carbonate of lime 95.17 Carbonate of magnesia 2.49 Sesquioxide of iron 0.07 Alumina 0.22 Sand and clay 0.09 Organic matter 1.11 Moisture 0.39 Undetermined 0.46 100.00 " Below the rocks the workmen followed the spring through four feet of tufa and muck. Then they came to a layer of solid tufa two feet thick, then one foot of muck in which they found another log. Below this were three feet of tufa ; and there, seventeen feet below the apex of the mound, they found the embers and charcoal of an ancient fire. By whom and when could the fire have been built ? The Indian tradition went back only to the time when the water overflowed the rock. How many centuries may have elapsed since even the logs were placed in their position ? A grave philosopher of the famous watering place remem- bering that botanists determine the age of trees by count- ing the rings on the section of the stems, and noticing the layers in the tufa rock, polished a portion of the surface, and counted eighty-one layers to the inch. He forthwith made the following calculation : High Rock, 4 feet, 80 lines to the inch 3,840 years. Muck and tufa, 7 feet, low estimate at 400 " Tufa, 2 feet, 25 lines to the inch 600 " Muck,lfoot 130 " Tufa,3feet 900 " Time since the fire was built 5,870 " In 1868 a superb colonnade — a pavilion within a pavil- ion — was erected over the spring, at an expense of over $6,000. It is of gothic architecture, surmounted by a mosque-like dome and an immense gilded eagle, making it indeed a most attractive pagoda. .rnr ' '~ ^r/a K - ft A PR 2^j^<\. cC*ffl o ^<^rS^^M 5 o *±J5>'< ''Z^:^* -#lr C. W. MICTHEL, Esq., President of the Village. JOHN P. CONKLING, Esq., TJie Real Estate Agent. SARATOGA. OUR ILLUSTRATIONS. Our portraits are of citizens honored at home and well known abroad. Ministering to the wants and pleasures of summer guests, their likenesses will be interesting alike to the visiting and resident population. Col. Johnson, the popular superintendent of Congress Spring, by his efficient management and his thorough supervision of Congress Park and grounds, well maintains the honorable position he has so long occupied. The engravings of Hon. H. H. Hathorn, of Congress Hall ; Hon. J. M. Marvin, of the United States Hotel ; Major W. W. Leland, of the Grand Hotel, and James H. Breslin, Esq., of the Grand Union ; proprietors of the finest hotels on this continent, will be recognized by fashionable people everywhere. Our portrait of Postmaster Judson, publisher of the Saratogian, is perfect, but the artist has failed to give as good a likeness of Col. D. F. Ritchie, editor of that sparkling journal. The fine engravings which illustrate this work have been made expressly for it, and are from the skillful burins of Mr. P. R. B. Pierson, of No. 7 Beekman street, New York, an artist who has no superior in his profession. By special arrangement, the exclusive right to photograph these en- gravings for this season belongs to Mr. E. S. Sterry, of the Clarendon Park .Studio at Washington Spring, Saratoga, one of # the finest photographers in America, and whose studio is well worth a visit. AN ELEGANT BUSINESS OFFICE. While Saratoga may justly boast of its elegant empori- ums of art and fashion, and its metropolitan stores, it is doubtful if there is any town of its size in the wide world which contains a more beautiful and attractive real estate SARATOGA. exchange than Saratoga's central office, the superb estab- lishment of John P. Conkling, Esq., the leading real estate agent of the town. As this office is a famous resort of the visiting popula- tion, and is specially arranged for their benefit, and, as their headquarters, it merits more than a passing notice in our guide. Here is the " Visitors' Register," where all sojourners at the fashionable Spa register their names and location, that their friends stopping at other hotels, boarding-houses or cottages may readily find them. Free stationery, postal cards, etc., in abundance, are provided for all, and Saratoga's guests are invited to make themselves at home, while errand boys, messengers, etc., are in con- stant attendance. Hourly stock reports are posted in a conspicuous place. The office is in "Hill's Building" on Broadway, and directly opposite Division street and the new States Hotel. This office, with the elegant drug establishment of F. T. Hill & Co., occupies the entire ground floor, and also a por- tion of the story above. It is furnished in black walnut, Brussels carpeting, etc., while its walls are adorned with numerous pictures and a copy of every map of the town which has ever been made, dating back to 1785. The illustration of our artist conveys some idea of the place, but it is impossible in a wood engraving, however, fine, to picture, in all its brilliancy and beauty, this mag- nificent real estate office of Saratoga. When Mr. Conkling commenced business in 1871 there were scarcely any transactions in real estate in this vicinity. By his indomitable energy and enterprise, and by his systematic advertising, honorable dealing and attention to business, he has added much to the demand for real estate in our beautiful village. SARATOGA. At Mr. Conkling's suggestion, the summer cottages at Saratoga, erected for city guests, have been made more commodious and replete with all the modern improve- ments. These summer " cottages " are destined to become a popular feature of the town. The number annually- rented is constantly increasing. Mr. Conkling is agent for the best places. He has arrangements so that, when lessees of property wish to leave town, he takes care of their places for them without charge, and he invites all who do business with him to make his office their head- quarters, which is nice, of course, for cottage residents. Mr. Conkling also does a large business in negotiating first- class mortgages. In addition to his unusual enterprise Mr. Conkling is noted for his social qualities, and is reckoned as the prince of good fellows, his ready speech and witty repartee making him welcome at all public meetings. A part of the office is occupied by Mr. Gr. W. Smith as a fine jewelry store, where only first-class goods are offered for sale. Mr. Smith is also engaged in private banking, and loans money on personal security. A desk in this establishment is also appropriated to Mr. Abram Viele, the general insurance agent, who represents the following first-class companies, viz.: iEtna, Phoenix and Connecticut of Hartford, the Home and Atlantic of New York, Liverpool and London and Globe, and the North British and Mercantile, besides the Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company. The Continental Hotel, Located on V r ashington street, one block from Hathorn Spring, has many excellent features for families as well as transient guests. Its broad piazzas are always cool. Children are delighted with their play grounds, wherein SARATOGA. they may romp and play, and, by their innocent recreation, cultivate ruddy cheeks, glowing health, and a vigorous constitution. Croquet lawns, cool and shady, invite the pretty misses and gallant beaux to try their skill with the mallet and the ball. Many of the rooms are arranged in suits for family use, and are all provided with large clothes-presses, wardrobes, etc., a feature which will be appreciated by the gentler sex. Although the house is smaller in size than Congress Hall or the Grand Union, its apartments are fully as large and pleasant, while the public rooms are particularly con- venient and ample, and the offices, reception and reading rooms, parlors, dining-rooms, bath-rooms, etc., are all fur- nished in a superior manner. But this is not all — the Continental has superior cooks, colored waiters, and all the appurtenances of a first-class house. Just before the opening of the present season a number of improvements have been made, and the pro- prietors show plainly that they aim to keep the best hotel in Saratoga. The terms at this house are extremely reasonable for the accommodations afforded, being only $3.50 per day, or from $21 to $25 per week. SARATOGA. THE BOARDINGS AT SARATOGA. The poet citizen, Mr. W. B. B. Westcott, has revised, expressly for this work, a poem, illustrating by a walk through the principal streets, the accommodations of our town. It is just to add that we have been obliged, by a lack of space, to omit several portions. At Congress Spring, this pleasant morn, We'll drink our sparkling glass, Then take a walk about the town And note whate'er we pass. To South Broadway we first repair, And now, on musing wings, We'll flit among the " boardings" here At Saratoga Springs. The " Manor House," on South Broadway, At Moscrip's first we call- Now find, at Fraser's "Everett House," A nice retreat for all. The " Wagar House," across the way- Here "Albemarle " we find— The "Huestis House," just opposite, To call we are inclined. "Mount Pleasant House," with columns high, Is here upon our left ; And strangers always feel at home Who stop with Mrs. Tefft. The " Clarendon," in pleasant shade Upon the hill-side stands; With ample grounds and spacious rooms— A prospect fine commands. " Columbian " is standing near, With stories towering high ; Gives ample proof of life within As we are passing by. The " Grand Hotel," with noble front, In measured lines we sing; Its fine piazzas face the park Surrounding Congress spring. SARATOGA. The " Union," known throughout the land From Maine to Texan plains, Nor shall we cease to speak its praise While Breslin holds the reins. There "Congress Hall" looms up on high, Majestic, spacious, grand ; 'Tis Hathorn's and our village pride — Unequaled in the land. The "American," whene'er you stop To hreakfast, tea or dine, You'll find the table amply spread, And fare exceeding fine. The dear old " States," a Phoenix like, Uplifts her wings once more : And when another " season " rolls She'll open wide her door. The "Arlington," with lofty wings, Stands plainly now in view- Campbell and Shaw here greet their friends, Which number not a few. George Schmidt he keeps a hotel, too, Vay o'er ter sthreet so near, 'Tis vare da go do smook ter pipe Und trink ter " lager bier." The " Holden House " we mention next, While passing up Broadway, And should we chance on Biggs to call, We'd surely want to stay. In that nice " villa" in the shade, Beyond the new Town Hall, A pleasant home will greet us when On Mrs. Balch we call. Beyond the church the " Broadway House "— And Wheeler's, just along; And Mrs. Putnam o'er the way, We mention in our song. The " Waverly," as we pass by, Her modest hand extends, And we will venture to remark, She does not lack for friends. "Washington Hall," that fine old spot, In memory reaches far; Still shaded by those ancient elms- Is kept by Mrs. Starr. 'Neath yonder stately oaken shade, We make another call, And Howland meets us at the door Of pleasant "Broadway Hall." On Front street is the "Osborn House;" At " Bricket's " next we call ; Here Spooner's cosey "Albion House," And there is " Elniwood Hall." !» W SARATOGA. On Grove street's corner is a place We very much admire — " Vermont House" being much enlarged, Still kept by Mr. Dyer. At " Circular Street House" we find, Near Palmer's open door, The blooming youth and silvered age Assembled by the score. That " Institute" just o'er the way Is kept by Doctors Strong, Whose guests, at morning and at eve, Their voices join in song. 'Neath yonder tower is " Temple Grove," Where Dowds no efforts spare To make their house a pleasant one While you are staying there. And when the boarding season's o'er, (We'll whisper in your ear), This is for girls, a classic school, The balance of the year. This quiet house near where we stand Is pleasant as the morn, And home-like do they always feel Who stay with Mrs. Thorn. We find on Spring street Carpenter, With Sharp, and Billy Young, And Mrs. Mott and Oakley, too. And Morse, their guests among. Up Phila street at Rossiter's 'Tis quiet and genteel — And Vanderberg's, one door beyond, At home we always feel. Here's Mrs. Coggswell's boarding-house, Down Phila, as we go; And Pond extends to you his hand, 'Tis but one door below. On Putnam's corner of the street Is Mrs. Cole, you know: To Daniel Palmer's house up north, Just half a block you go. " Nat" Waterbm-y's " Franklin House," On Church street— known so well— With Mrs. Reed, one door beyond, A quiet place to dwell. " Commercial," standing up the street, Is open all the year, And daily at the " Western," too, The travelers appear. If in the street, called Washington, We next for boarding search, At Andrus' it is quite select, Next to Bethesda Church. SARATOGA. The " Wilbur House" is known so well, It has no need of rhyme, The self-same people come each year, To spend the summer time. " Green Mountain House " is near at hand, It at our right is seen ; We'll venture 'tis a pleasant place, It looks so nice and clean. The " Continental," towering high, Beyond the railroad stands, Where Mann and Adams meet your wants With ever liberal hands. On Franklin square is Mrs. Chase, Whose guests her praises speak, And Mrs. Andrews' private board" Is just adown the street. Upon our right, the " Morey House" Is furnished new and well, And we aver that Mrs. M. "Knows how to keep hotel." The Eeverend Thompson is below, A door or two we see — While Babcock's villa o'er the way Looks right invitingly. On Congress street — the "Pitney House "- Nor need we further roam To find a more genteel resort Than furnished by Jerome. 'Mid rural scenes — the "Mansion House," To her our muse shall sing ; Her broad piazza — shady grounds — O'erlook Excelsior Spring. If, from the bustle of the town, You wish a quiet, then. You take the '' bus" up North Broadway To " Mitchel's " shady " Glen." And many are the places more That should our mention share; But for the present pass them by For want of space to spare. CHAPTER V. A FEW STATISTICS. OT only the members of the Gradgrind family in their search for " facts," but the general public may find interest in a few figures, in regard to the hotels and prices of Saratoga. We copy a few items from the steward's book of the Grand Union. The quantity of food consumed at the hotels of Saratoga reflect credit upon the mineral springs as promoters of the appe- tite. The following statement gives the average daily consumption of certain articles at the Grand Union last August : Milk — over 1,200 quarts, furnished by Mr. J. W. Eddy, of Saratoga. Beef — 1,500 pounds, from Ottoman, of Fulton Market. Chickens — 800, received from Syracuse and Western New York. Berries — 250 quarts, from Plattsburgh, N. Y. To prepare and serve up this daily pabulum requires 35 cooks and 200 waiters. Certain penny-a-liners have thought it " smart " to gas about the extravagant charges of watering places. How- ever it may be at Niagara, or at our shoddy resorts, the rates of Saratoga are marvelously low; and when the shortness of the season is considered, the vast expense at which the beautiful establishments of Saratoga are fitted SARATOGA. up and maintained ; the natural attractions of the place ; the daily music and the nightly ball, and last, but far from least, the charming society of refined and cultivated people, culled as it were from the best circles of our country, one cannot but wonder at the moderate prices at which comfort and advantages, which ought not to be rated by dollars and cents, are afforded. French cooks, with all their flourishes and bills of fare, private parlors and extras, are tempting to some, but one can have all the advantages of the place, and see all the fun, just as well, and live very moderately, less than in the cities, at Saratoga. Greedy for fees, some of the waiters may be, but so are most of us — including the lawyers and doctors of Gotham. Really, however, a judicious feeing will obtain valuable attention, as we happen to know, though it is neither nec- essary nor universal at any of the hotels. To refute any false notions that may be prevalent, we have collected, with great care, a list of the prices of the boarding-houses and hotels, for publication in this chapter. Most people like to drive a fast horse, and they can do so very reasonably here. A nice single team can be obtained a whole afternoon for only $3, and a nobby carriage and coachman will carry a party to the Lake and back for from $3 to $6, at any time during the season. Hack fare is 50 cents for each passenger. Omnibuses will carry you to the Lake and back for 75 cents, or to the Glacier and Geyser Spouting Springs or to the Sulphur Bath for 20 cents. An elegant turnout, including coachman, can be leased by the month for $75 ; this includes the exclusive use. The liveries of Saratoga are very neat. Excellent accommodations for those who bring their own teams can be obtained for from $8 to $10 per week for SARATOGA. each horse. Over three thousand private carriages are here every summer. The following list of nearly all the hotels and boarding- houses with their prices, etc., has been obtained from a thorough personal canvass. We publish the list only for the information of our readers, and not to advertise the boarding-houses ; still we found, with one or two curious exceptions, " Barkis was willin all round." We trust all these, and any who have been omitted, will report at once every error and omission, as it is a matter of importance for them as well as the public. Communications should be addressed to Box 930, Saratoga Springs. Correspondents and others will notice this article, as well as this book, is copyrighted, and, if disposed to " borrow " or copy, will please give us just a bit of credit you know. The list represents something of the accommodations of Saratoga. It should be remembered that, during the height of the season, a large number of private residences are also filled by the guests of the hotels, as they often become so full that they are obliged to " colonize." Saratoga is a place where you can " pay your money and take your choice," and not like some "resorts," where you pay your money and some one else takes the choice. And here is the list of HOTELS AND BOARDING HOUSES. Grand Hotel, Congress Park (a new hotel just opened), has the best location in town. Every modern improve- ment. Gilmore's band furnish the music. W. W. Leland and Company proprietors. Managing clerk, " Chris " Brunson (formerly of the Clarendon, Sara- toga, and Sturtevant House, New York); cashier, Z. T. Cushman of Boston ; office clerks, Mr. Wilson of Barnum's Hotel, St. Louis and Mr. ; steward, Mr. E. N. Still- 1M M- SARATOGA. man ; chief cook, Pietro Testero, of Metropolitan Hotel, New York ; servants, over 300. Accommodations, 1,000 guests. Prices, June, $4.50 per day, $28 per week ; July and August, $5 per day, $31.50 per week. Grand Union Hotel, Broadway. The largest hotel in the world. Newly furnished and frescoed since last season. Messrs. Breslin, Gardner & Co., proprietors. Mr. J. H. Breslin, manager; cashier, E. H. Rogers ; room clerk, W. C. Barrett, Jr. ; office clerks, Henry Lowell, C. H. Gage ; steward, George Avery ; Joe Poltingi, chief cook. Accom- modations, 1,200 guests. Prices, $5 per day. Congress Hall, Broadway, extending from Hathorn to Congress Spring and Park. The gem of Saratoga. Has the finest ball-room in the country, connected with the hotel by a fairy -like bridge. Hathorn and Southgate, proprie- tors ; G. R. Sangster, cashier ; F. H. Hathorn, room clerk ; A. F. Leake and W . A. Coster, office clerks ; W. A. Hamil- ton, private book-keeper; J. N. Crawford, s teward. Ac- commodations, 1,000 to 1,200 guests. Prices $5 per day. Clarendon Hotel, South Broadway. Newly furnished and kept by Mr. Charles E. Leland, the proprietor. Cashier* Albert Pond ; room clerk, Simeon Leland, Jr.; book-keeper, J. M. Marvin, Jr. ; private book-keeper, C. K. Haskell. Accom- modations, 450 guests. Prices, $4.50 per day, $31.50 per week. Columbian Hotel, Broadway, facing Congress Spring and Park, and between the Washington and Crystal Springs. Col. D. A. Dodge, proprietor. Surpasses all the smaller hotels (they call a hotel small in Saratoga that does not accommodate over four hundred) in the beauty of location and accessibility to the springs. Accommodates 200 guests. Prices transient, $3.50 per day; weekly — June, $21, July and August — $21 to $25. Everett House, South Broadway. B. V. Fraser, proprie- SARATOGA. tor. This is one of the best hotels in Saratoga, with a superior tableand home-like attractions. Accommodations for 150. Prices transient, $3.50 per day; weekly — June, $21 to $24 ; July and August, $24. Holden House, Broadway, two doors above the new States. Major W. J. Riggs, proprietor. An excellent hotel for a moderate price. Accommodates 75 guests. Prices, transient, from $2 to $3 ; weekly, from $10 to $15 during June ; from $15 to $21, during July and August. The prices and accommodations of the other hotels are given in the following tables. ~sH^~: SARATOGA. 161 w W w P o o 4) a, o ;£e£\2~d |> 1 en ..S-h fife . .«-.« 1 , . . O ih ""> • M 00 . iooo Coo ^*- t«. 1010 + fe s . 0) l-i T 1 1 8 8 1 :' 1 1 : 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 oo t-~ t-. 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Eclc .2 w c - S o w ' rs rt ° <" SI , O-; 1 1 a § is d • c4 o (U C ! c 1. c c - d -2'- u c -; h o - si • • o • • So 3 *J J2 S3 «J 3 ° c 3 5 "" *" ^ C *^ r -tg 8 11 s (U O D C d d *j y < - «j* < pc m o o c: _ ot: ^^ WfcC 1^ ^.^.y 11 162 SARATOGA. K § en _;£Em 3- ■*• o to nco o mvo 00 s o ct t»C0 N ^-OOcomOM-* -\0 O M t>-vO • ■* O • 1 «n m O m w m 8 8 8 8 c?8& o «i- O O O O m • O O • • m m o O • •0000 . m m o • O • in • • N • tt M • in m u in h n c> i o moo in oo o in in in in in o in N cn m N CO o j os 5 £ £ ~ d c c £ i^r- 1 3 o .•£ .• fa . j3«fflCC0Q^S' .5 5 = :: o.fa H*S _-« bjo c 3 c •£ ~ ~ iS..H CO . 3 .rt rt CONTINUE JL© FOLLOWS. FIRST DAY- JULY 24. First Race — The Ti°avers Stakes. For three-year olds ; one and three-quarter miles ; $50 entrance, p. p., $1,000 added by the Association, $5l0 in plate by Win. R. Travers, Esq., President. NOMINATIONS. 1. W. F. Stanhope's (W.-W. Glenn's) ch c Merodac (late O. P. B.) by Australian, dam Ada Cheatham, by Lexington. 2. Hunter & Travers' ch c Reviler, by Censor, dam Jenny Rose. 3. Hunter & Travers' ch c Satirist, by Censor, dam Fanny Fern. 4. Hunter & Travers' ch c Captain Garland, by Leamington, dam Genista. 5. Hunter and Travers' blk c Strachino, by Parmesau, dam May Bell. 6. Hunter & Travers' ch c Saturn, by Planet, dam Jenny H. 7. Hunter & Travers' b f Girl of the Period, by Eclipse, dam Oliata. 8. Hunter & Travers' b f Megara, by Eclipse, dam Ulrica. 9. Hunter & Travers' ch f Quits, by Eclipse, dam Columbia. 10. Hunter & Travei-s' b f Loena, by Leamington, dam Pussy. 11. Hunter & Travers' b f Luna, by Asteroid, dam Glencliffe. 12. John O'Donnell's b c by Lightning, dam by Glencoe out of Laura Webster. 13. John O'Donnell's gr f by Lightning, dam by Revenue out of Minnow. 14. John A. Miller's ch f by Jack Malone, dam Woodbine, by Lexington. SARATOGA. 165 15. John M. Clay's b c Zebedee, by Star Davis, dam Zara, by York- shire. 16. John M. Clay's b f Slyboots, by Rivoli, dam Skedaddle, by Yorkshire. IT. Miles Kelly's gr c by Commodore, dam by Sovereign out of Reel. 18. John Coar's ch f by Planet, dam Katona, by Voucher. 19. John Coar's b f by Australian, dam imp Zone, by The Cure. 20. August Belmont's b c Oaklands, by Leamington, dam Babta. 21. Aug. Belmont's ch c Silk Stocking, by Kentucky, dam Fluke. 22. August Belmont's ch c Count D'Orsay, by Kentucky, dam Lady Blessington. 23. August Belmont's ch c Periwinkle, by Kentucky, dam Fleur des Champs. 24. August Belmont's imp b c by Breadalbane, dam Ellermire. 25 F. Morris' b c by Eclipse, dam Etiquette, by Mariner. 26. F. Morris' ch c by Eclipse, dam Molly Jackson, by Vandal. 27. Gov. Oden Bowie's b c Catesby, by Eclipse, dam Katie, by Two Bits. 28. Gov. O. Bowie's ch c Cecil, by Baltimore, dam Sally Wood- ward, by Albion. 29. W. J. Bacon's ch f Dolorosa, by Exchequer, dam Tribulation, by Jeff. Davis. 30. D. Swigert's b c Cariboo, by Lexington, dam Alice Jones, by Glencoe. 31. D. Swigert's (D. McDaniel & Co.'s) ch c Springbok, by Austra- lian, dam Hester, by Lexington. 32. D. Swigert's ch f India, by Lexington, dam Miss Morgan, by Yorkshire. 33. Joe Allen's b c Savoy, by Asteroid, dam Miss Odom. 34. Thos. G. Bacon's ch c by Jack Malone, dam Sea Breeze. 35. Thos. G. Bacon's b or br f by Vandal, dam Neutrality, by Revenue. 36. F. Bissick's ch c Somerset, by Concord, dam by imp Glencoe. 37. J. J. O'Fallon's ch c Polkowski, by Pat Maloy, dam Anna Travis, by Yorkshire. 38. J. J. O'Fallon's b c John Davis, by Pat Maloy, dam by Epsilon. 39. J. S.Watson's ch c King Philip, by Eclipse, dam Jessie Dixon, by Arlington. (Subscriber dead.) 40. J. S. Watson's b c by Jerome Edgar, dam Minnie Minor, by Lexington. (Subscriber dead.) 41. J. S. Watson's c by Jerome Edgar or Extra, dam Nannie But- ler, by Lexington. (Subscriber dead.) 42. Geo. W. Stewart's ch f by Planet, darn Volga, by Glencoe. 43. Denison & Crawford's ch c Woodsman, by Bourbon, dam Emma Johnson. 44. D. McDaniels (J. W. Bell & Co.'s) ch c Cros3 the Sea, by Ely, dam Beatrice. 45. D. McDaniel's ch f by Lexington, dam Dolly Carter. 40. I). McDaniel's ch f bv Planet, dam Minnie Mansfield. 47. D. McDaniel's b f by Blackbird, dam by Planet, grand dam by Fly-by-Night. 48. K. W. Sears' br f Annie Hall by Leamington, dam Echo, by- Lexington. 49. H. P. McGrath's b c Tom Bowling, by Lexington, dam Lucy Fowler, by Albion. 166 SARATOGA. 50. M. H. Sanford's b c by King Lear, dam Dot. 51. H. M. Sandford's b c by King Lear dam Goneril. 52. M. H. Sandford's ch c by Planet, dam Mildred. 53. M. A. Littell's br c Wizard, by Concord, dam Dolly Morgan, by Revenue. 54. M. A. Littell's b o Wildidle, by Australian, dam Idlewild. 55. M. A. Littell's ch c Fellowcraft, by Australian, dam JErolite, sister to Idlewild. 56. J. C. Hare's b c by Asteroid, dam Edith, by Sovereign. 57. R. W. Walden's ch c Liverpool, by Planet, dam Novice, by Glencoe. 58. T. G. Saunders' (G-. H. Rice & Co.'s) ch c by Hiawatha, dam Rapid Ann, by Jack Malone. 59. W. M. Conner's (Babcock & Ransom's) b c Ransom, by Aste- roid, dam Banner, by Albion. 60. W. M. Conner's b c by Planet, dam Zephyr, by Lexington. 61. John Coffee's br c B. F. Carver, by Lightning, dam La Vic- time. 62. John Coffee's gr c by Lightning, dam Jessamine Porter. 63. W. Cottrill's b f Sally Watson, by Daniel Boone, dam Maggie G, by Brown Dick. 64. R. W. Cameron's ch c by Leamington, dam Rebecca. 65. W. Cameron's b f by Leamington, dam Eleanor. 66. D. D. Withers' imp b c by Blair Athol, dam Coimbra, by King- ston. 67. D. D. Withers' imp b c by Marsyas, dam Marchioness, by Marquis. 68. Clark &, Grinstead's b c by imp Australian, dam Cicily Jopson, (imp) by Weatherbit. 69. Jas. A. Grinstead's ch f by imp Australian, dam Lorette, by Sovereign. 70. Jas. A. Grinstead's ch f Tarantilla, by imp Australian, dam Schottische, by imp Albion. 71. Leonard Jerome's ch c by imp Australian, dam imp Weather- witch, by Weatherbit. 72. Leonard Jerome's b c by Lexington, dam Kitty Clarke, by Glencoe. 73. P. S. Forbes' (P. Lorillard's), ch c Free Lance, by Kentucky, dam Parachute. 74. Thos. W. Doswell's ch c by Australian, dam Mazurka, by Lexington. 75. Isaac W. Pencock's ch c by Planet, dam Rebecca T. Price, by The Colonel. 76. H. G. Bunch's ch f Nannie B, by Veto, dam Laura Williams, by Glencoe. 77. Buford & Visman's b c Count Fosco, by Endorser, dam Lida, (Inquirer's dam), by Lexington. 78. S. D. Bruce's ch c Galway, by Concord, dam Maudina, by Australian. 79. James W. Wasson's b f by Voucher, dam by Waterloo, out of Emily Jordan. Second Race — Sweepstakes. For all ages; $50 entrance, p. p., with $800 added ; one mile and a quarter. SARATOGA. 167 NOMINATIONS. 1. D. J. Crouse's br h Ckillicothe, 6 years, by Lexington, out of Lilla. 3. M. H. Sanford's b h Monarchist, 5 years, by Lexington, out of Mildred. 3. M. H. Sanford's b h Preakness, 6 years, by Lexington, out of Bay Leaf. 4. D. McDaniel & Co.'s ch h Harry Bassett, 5 years, by Lexington, out of Canary Bird. 5. D. McDaniel & Co.'s ch c Joe Daniels, 4 years, by Australian, out of Doliy Carter. 6. M. A. Littell's br c Wizard, 3 years, by Concord, out of Dolly Morgan . 7. Hunter & Travers' b h Alarm, 4 years, by imp Eclipse, out of imp Maud. 8. Hunter & Travers' blk c Strachino, 3 years, by Parmesan, out of May Bell. 9. Carroll & Coar's br h Ortolan, 6 years, by Doneraile, out of Canary Bird. 10. Denison & Crawford's ch c King Philip, 3 years, by Eclipse, out of Jessie Dixon. 11. J. A. Grinstead's gr c Jean Valjean, 3 years, by Lightning, out of Sequin, by imp Eclipse. 12. J. A. Grinstead's ch f, 3 years, by Lightning, dam by Vandal, out of Lampi's dam. 13. Rice & McCormick's ch h "Wanderer, 5 years, by Lexington out of Coral, by Vandal. 14. Rice & McCormick's ch h Stockwood, 5 years, by Asteroid out of Alabama, by Brown Dick. 15. W. Cottrill's b f Eveline Mabry, 4 years, by Jack Malone, out of Bettie Martin. Tl%ircl Race — The Flashstakes. For two-years-olds, $100 each, h. f ., with $500 added ; second horse to save his stake : half a mile. NOMINATIONS. 1. Oden Bowie's b c Keene Richards, by War Dance, out of Ever- green, by Glencoe. 2. A. Uelmont's b f Theodora, by Kentucky, out of imp Camilla. 3. A. Belmont's imp ch c King Amadeus, by King of Trumps, out of Amethyst. 4. A. Belmont's blk f Gondola, by Beadsman, out of imp Felucca. 5. D. J. Crouse's b c Culpepper, by Revolver, out of Gentle Annie. 6. George Avers' ch c Erastus Corning, by Lightning, out of Nora Creina. 7. D. McDaniel & Co.'s br f, by Asteroid, out of Canary Bird. 8. D. McDaniel & Co.'s br f, by imp Leamington, out of Sarah B. 9. Joseph Donahue's ch c, by Kentucky, out of Zaidee. 10. John F. Chambeiiin'.s b c Visigoth, by Asteroid, out of Van- dalia, by Vandal. 11. John F. Chamberlin's ch c Weathercock, by imp Australian, out of imp Weatherwich. 12. M. A. Littell's b c Reform, by Leamington, out of Stolen Kisses. 168 SARATOGA. 13. R. W. Cameron's b f, by Warminster, out of Lady Spang. 14. Hunter & Travers' b c Equleus, by Planet, out of Austria. 15. Hunter & Travers' b f Vesta, by Asteroid, out of General Duke's dam. 16. Hunter & Travers' b f Vengeance, by Censor, out of Nemesis. 17. Hunter & Travers' ch c Prodigal Son, by Censor, out of Jennie Rose. 18. Hunter & Travers' b c Minor, by Edgar, out of Minnie Minor. 19. H. P. McGrath's b c Aarou Pennington, by Tipperary, out of Lucy Fowler. 20. H. P. McGrath's ch f Petty, by Tipperary, out of The Greek Slave, by imp Glencoe. 21. P. Morris' b f Regardless, by Eclipse, out of Barbarity, by Simoon. 23. F. Morris' b c, by Eclipse, out of Slasher Barbarity mare. 23. John Coffee's b f , by Leamington, out of Jessamine Porter. 24. John Coffee's b f Nettie Norton, by Leamington, out of Long Nine, by Lightning. 25. J. A. Grinstead's ch c, by Gilroy, out of Sequin, by imp Eclipse. 26. J. A. Grinstead's ch f , by Gilroy, out of Mishap, by imp Knight of St. George. 27. A. B. Lewis & Co.'s b f Vandalite, by Vandal, out of Vesper Light. 28. A. B. Lewis & Co.'s, ch f Belle of Australia, by Australian, out of Woodford Belle. 29. T. G. Moore's b c (brother to London), by Lightning, out of Sister to Jerome Edgar. SECOND DAY- JULY 26. First Race — The Alabama Stakes, 187 S. A sweepstakes of $50 each, p. p., with $1,000 added; for fillies foaled in 1870; one mile and one-eighth. NOMINATIONS. 1. Hunter & Travers' b f Girl of the Period, by Eclipse, dam Oliata. 2. Hunter & Travers' br f Megara, by Eclipse, dam Ulrica. 3. Hunter & Travers' ch f Quits, by Eclipse, dam Columbia. 4. Hunter & Travers' b f Loena, by Leamington, dam Pussy. 5. Hunter & Travers' b f Luna, by Asteroid, dam Glencliffe. 6. John O'Donnell's gr f by Lightning, dam by Revenue, out of Minnow. 7. Miles Kelly's f Lady Hardaway, by Commodore, dam Union, by Union. 8. August Belmont's ch f Electra, by Kentucky, dam Bernice. 9. August Belmont's b f Medora, by Kentucky, dam Camilla. 10. August Belmont's b f Scarlet, by Kentucky, dam Maroon. 11. Gov. Oden Bowie's ch f Cachucha, by Enquirer, dam Quick- step, by Australian. SARATOGA. 169 12. Gov. Oden Bowie's gr f Irma, by Eugene, dam Parepa by Whale. 13. W. J. Bacon's ch f Dolorosa, by Exchequer, dam Tribulation, by Jeff. Davis. 14. D. Swiger's ch f India, by Lexington, dam Miss Morgan, by Yorkshire. 15. Thos. A. Lynch's gr f Lady Hope, by Eugene, dam Kate Sovereign, by Sovereign. 16. Geo. Cadwallader'sb f The Pet, by Vandal, dam Magneta, by Mahomet. 17. B. G. Thomas' b f War Reel, by War Dance, dam Dixie. 18. J. W. Hunt Reynolds' ch f Buchu. by Planet, dam Lavender. 19. Thomas G. Bacon's b or br f by Vandal, dam Neutrality, by Revenue. 20. T. G. Bacon's b f by Barnwell, dam Lost Cause, by Revenue. 21. J. J. O'Fallon's b f Minnie Ward, by Pat Malloy, dam Kate Ward. 22. D. McDaniel's ch f by Planet, dam Minnie Mansfield. 23. D. McDaniel's ch f by Lexington, dam Dolly Carter. 24. D. McDaniel's b f by Blackbird, dam by Planet, grandam bv Fly-by-Night. 25. K. W. Sears' br f Annie Hall, by Leamington, dam Echo, by Lexington. 26. H. P. McGrath's ch f Tabitha, by Tipperary, dam Greek Slave, by Glencoe. 27. M. H. Sanford's b f by Moulsey, out of Delilah. 28. M. H. Sanford's b f by Lexington, dam Bay Leaf. 29. M. H. Sanford's ch f by Planet, dam Alabama. 30. L. L. Lorillard's b f by Kentucky, dam Blue Ribbon. 31. R. W. YValden's ch f Minnie W., by Planet, dam Edina, by Knight of St. George. 32. W. M. Conner's b f by Planet, dam Ultima, by Lexington. 33. John Coffee's b f by Beacon, dam Maiden. 34. W. Cottrill's b f Sallie Watson, by Daniel Boone, dam Maggie G-, by Brown Dick. 35. W. Cottrill's b f Sally Keller, by Daniel Boone, dam by Bill Cheatham. 36. R. W. Cameron's b f by Leamington or Hampton Court, dam Jerusalem. 37. R. W. Cameron's ch f by Leamington, dam Floride. 38. R. W. Cameron's b f by Leamington, dam Eleanor. 39. J. A. Grimstead's ch f (sister to Brennus), by Lightning, dam Brenna, by Knight of St. George. 40. Tims. W. Doswell's ch f Cara Lisa, by Censor, dam Fanny Washington. 41. T. W. Doswell's gr f by Australian, dam Eagless, by Glencoe. Second Race — Purse $500. For all ages ; three-quarters of a mile. Third Race — Steeplechase. About three miles ; welterweights; $800 to the winner; $200 to the second, and $100 to the third horse. Total purse, $1,100. 1 70 SARATOGA. THIRD DAY -JULY First Race— The Saratoga Stakes. For two-year-olds; $50 entrance, p. p., with $1,000 added; three-quarters of a mile. NOMINATIONS. 1. Denison and Crawford's ch f by Leamington out of Julietta, by Censor. 2. D. McDaniel's b c by Julius out of Leisure, by Red Eye. 3. D. McDaniel's b f by Leamington, dam by Arlington out of Oakland's dam, by Margrave. 4. D. McDaniel's br f by Asteroid, out of Canary Bird (Harry Bassett's dam). 5. Hunter & Travers' b c King Pin, by Lexington, out of Eltham Lass. 6. Hunter & Travers' ch c Crow's Meat, by Censor, out of Intrigue. 7. Hunter & Travers' ch c Prodigal Son, by Censor, out of Jennie Rose. 8. Hunter & Travers' b c Equuleus, by Planet, out of Austria. 9. Hunter & Travers b c Minor, by Edgar, out of Minnie Minor. 10. Hunter & Travers' ch f Ethel, by Leamington, out of L'Ang- laise. 11. Hunter & Travers' br f Vesta, by Asteroid, out of Lilla. 12. Hunter & Travers' ch f Gossip, by Censor, out of Genista. 13. Hunter & Travers' br f Vengeance, by Censor, out of Nemesis. 14. John F. Chamberbin's b c Long Branch, by War Dance, out of Lassie of Sidney. 15. John F. Chamberlin's b c by Asteroid out of Vandalia, by Vandal. 16. John F. Chamberlin's ch c by Australian out of Weatherwitch, (Little Mack's dam). 17. John F. Chamberlin's ch f by Planet out of Mazurka, by Lex- ington. 18. D. Swigert's ch c Acrobat, by Lexington out of Sallie Lewis, by Glencoe. 19. A. Keene Richards' ch c Monmouth, by War Dance out of Saratoga, by Knight of St. George. 20. Leonard Jerome's b c by Leamington out of The Gloamin', by Glencoe. 21. Leonard Jerome's b f by Jerome Edgar out of Chignon, sister to climax. 22. John Coffee's br f by Leamington out of Jessamine Porter, by Australian. 23. John Coffee's b f Nettie Norton, by Leamington out of Long Nine, by Lightning. 24. Woodward Springfield's (FT. N. Horerce's) b c Kingsley, by Concord, dam by imp Glencoe. 25. August Belmont's b c Scratch, by Kentucky out of imp Fluke. 26. August Belmont's b g Sparks by Censor out of Attraction. 27. August Belmont's imp ch c King Amadeus, by King of Trumps out of Amethyst. 28. August Belmont's gr c Steel Eyes, by Planet out of Eagless. 29. August Belmont's b f Theodora, by Kentucky out of Camilla. 30. W. M. Conner's ch f Moonbeam, by Planet out of Edina, by Knight of St. George. 31. P. Lorillard's imp be by Beadsman out of Girasol, by Asteroid. 32. J. F. Merrill's ch f by Asteroid out of imp Target, by Rifleman. 33. F. Morris' b c by Eclipse out of Slasher Barbarity mare. 34. F. Morris' b c by Monday out of Ruthless. 35. F. Morris' b f by Eclipse out of Barbarity, 36. H. P. McGrath b c Aaron Pennington, by Tipperary out of Lucy Fowler. 37. Zeb Ward's b f Thankful by Lexington out of Sue Morrissey, by imp Eclipse out of Mollie Jackson. 38. R. W. Cameron's (M. A. Littell's) b c Brother to Inverary, by Leamington out of Stolen Kisses. Second Race — The Saratoga Cup. Of $1,200 (of .$200 to the second horse) added to a sweepstakes of $50 each, p. p. ; two and a quarter miles. NOMINATIONS. I. August Belmont's ch f Woodbine, 4 years, by Censor or Ken- tucky out of Fleur des Champs. 2. D. J. Crouse's ch c Business, 4 years, by Revolver out of Syren. 3. M. H. Sanford's b h Preakness, 6 years, by Lexington out of Buy Leaf. 4. M. H. Sanford's b h Monarchist, 5 years, by Lexington out of Mildred. 5. D. Mc Daniel & Co.'s b h Tubman, 5 years, by War Dance out of Lassie of Sidney. 6. D. McDaniel & Co.'s ch c Joe Daniels, 4 years, by imp Aus- tralian out of Dolly Carter. 7. D. McDaniel & Co.'s ch h Harry Bassett, 5 years, by Lexing- ton out of Canary Bird. 8. Jos. Donahue's ch h Alroy, 5 years, by Australian out of Nellie Gray, by Lexington. 9. John F. Chamberlin's b c True Blue, 4 years, by Lexington out of Balloon. 10. M. A. Littell's gr m Mary Clark, 5 years, by Lexington out of Eagless, by Glencoe. II. Hunter & Travers' b h Alarm, 4 years, by imp Eclipse out of imp Maud. 12. I. W. Pennock's b c, 4 years, by Vandal out of Margravine, by imp Margrave. 13. Rice & McCormick's ch h Wanderer, 5 years, by Lexington out of Coral, by Vandal. 14. Rice & McCormick's ch h Stockwood, 5 years, by Asteroid out of Alabama, by Brown Dick. 15. T. G. Moore's gr c London, 4 years, by Lightning out of Sister to Jerome Edgar. Third Race— Purse $500. Selling race, for all ages ; one mile and a quarter ; horses en- tered to be sold for $3,000, to carry their appropriate weights ; for $2,000, allowed 7 lbs. ; for $1,500, 12 lbs. ; for $1,000, 15 lbs. ; the winner to be sold at auction. 1 72 SARATOGA. FOURTH DAY -JULY 31. First Race— Purse $500. For all ages ; one mile. Second Race— Purse For all ages ; two miles. Third Race— Hurdle Race. For all ages ; two miles ; over 8 hurdles ; welter weights ; $500 to the winner, $150 to the second, and $100 to the third horse; total purse, $750. FIFTH DAY -AUGUST 2. First Race — Purse $500. Selling race, for two-year-olds; three-quarters of a mile; horses entered to be sold for $2,000, to carry their appropriate weights ; for $1,500, allowed 7 lbs. ; for $1,000, $14 lbs. ; for $500, 21 lbs. ; the winner to be sold at auction. Second Race—TI%e Sequel Stakes. For three-year-olds ; $50 entrance, p. p., with $700 added; win- ner of any stake this year, 7 lbs. extra; the second horse to save his stake ; two miles. NOMINATIONS. 1. August Belmont's imp b c by Breadalbane out of Ellermire. 2. August Belmont's ch c Count D'Orsay, by Kentucky, out of Lady Blessington, 3. D. J. Crouse's ch f Satire, by Revolver out of Syren. 4. M. H. Sanford's ch g Milton, by Planet out of Mildred. 5. D. McDaniel & Co.'s ch f, by Kentucky out of Zaidee, by imp Belschazzar. 6. D. McDaniel & Co.'s br f, by imp Leamington out of imp Wombat, by West Australian. 7. John F. Chamberlin's ch c Lord Jersey, by War Dance, dam by imp Glencoe. 8. M. A. Littell's br c Wizard, by Concord out of Dolly Morgan. 9. M. A. Littell's ch c Fellowcraft, by Australian out of iErolite. 10. Hunter & Travers' blk c Slrachino, by Parmesan out of May Bell. 11. Hunter & Travers' ch c Reviler, by Censor, out of Jennie Rose. 12. F. Morris' ch c Long Branch, by imp Eclipse, out of Mollie Jackson. 13. I. W. Pennock's ch f by Jack Malone, out of Vesper Light, by Childe Harold. 14. John Coffee's gr c by Lightning, out of Jessamine Porter. 15. J. A. Grinstead's gr c Crockford, by Lightning, out of Mishap, by imp Knight of St. George. 16. J. A. Grinstead's ch c, 3 years, by imp Australian, out of Laura White (Bazaine's dam), by Glencoe. 17. J. A. Grinstead's gr c Jean Val.jean, 3 years, by Lightning, dam by Vandal, out of Lam pi's dam. 18. J. W. Weldon's ch c Warlike, by War Dance, dam by Captain Beard, grandam by Buford, out of Sue Sarpedon. 19. A. B. Lewis & Co.'s b c Joe Johnston, by Hunter's Lexington, dam by Oliver. Third Race— Parse $1,000. For all ages ; three miles. THE SECOND REGULAR MEETING rlLL COMMENCE AND CONTINUE AS FOLLOWS. FIRST DAY -AUGUST 5. First Race— The Kentucky Stakes. For two-year-olds • $100 entrance, $50 forfeit, $1,000 added by the Association ; one mile. NOMINATIONS. 1. M. A. Littell's b c by Lightning, out of London's dam, by Star Davis. 2. D. McDaniel's b c by Julius, out of Leisure, by Red Eye. 3. D. McDaniel's b f by imp Leamington, dam by Arlington, out of Oakland's dam, by imp Margrave. 4. D. McDaniel's br f by Asteroid, out of Canary Bird. (Harry Bassett's dam.) 5. Hunter & Travers' b c King Pin, by Lexington, out of imp Eltham Lass. 6. Hunter & Travers' ch c Crow's Meat, by Censor, out of In- trigue. 7. Hunter & Travers' ch c Prodigal Son, by Censor, out of Jenny Rose. 8. Hunter & Travers' b c Equuleus, by Planet, out of Austria. 9. Hunter & Tr.ivers' b c Minor, by Edgar, out of Minnie Minor. 10. Hunter & Travers' ch f Ethel, by imp Leamington, out of imp L'Anglaise. 11. Hunter & Travers' br f Vesta, by Asteroid, out of Lilla. 12. Hunter & Travers 1 ch f Gossip, by Censor, out of imp Genista. 13. Hunter & Travers' br f Vengeance, by Censor, out of Nemesis. 14. John F. Chamberlin's b c Long Branch, by War Dance, out of Lass of Sydney (Tubman's dam). 15. John P. Chamberlin's b c by Asteroid, out of Vandalia, by Vandal. 16. John F. Chamberlin's ch c by imp Australian, out of imp Weatherwitch (dam of Little Mack). 17. John F. Chamberlin's ch f by Planet, out of Mazurka, by Lex- ington. 18. Abner Turner's b c, by Vandal, out of Duchess de Berri, by imp Sovereign. SARATOGA. 1 75 19. Abner Turner's b c, by Vandal, out of Queen of the West, by- imp Bonnie Scotland. 20. Abner Turner's ch f, by Hiawatha, dam by Bulletin. 21. R. B. Cheatham's bl or br c Vanderbilt, by Vandal, out of Melrose, by Childe Harold. 22. George H. Rice & Co.'s b f, by Lexington, out of Banner, by imp Albion. 23. D. Swigert's ch c Acrobat, by Lexington, out of Sallie Lewis, by imp Glencoe. 24. J. A. Grinstead's b c, by Gilroy, out of Sister to Ruric 25. J. A. Grinstead's ch c, by Gilroy, out of Sequin, by imp Eclipse. 26. Isaac W. Pennock's ch c, by Asteroid, out of Josephine R. Rowan, by the Colonel. 27. John Coffee's br f, by imp Leamington, out of Jessamine Por- ter, by imp Australian. 28. John Coffee's b f Nettie Norton, by imp Leamington, out of Long Nine, by Lightning. 29. Wood Stringfield's (H. N. Horerce's) b c Kingsley, by Concord, dam by imp Glencoe. 30. W. M. Conner's ch c Stampede, by War Dance, out of Dolly Morgan, by Revenue. 31. P. Lorillard's imp b c, by Beadsman, out of Girasol, by Asteroid. 32. F. Morris' b c, by imp Eclipse, out of Slasher Barbarity mare. 33. F. Morris' b c, by Monday, out of Ruthless. 34. F. Morris' b f, by imp Eclipse, out of imp Barbarity. 35. Zeb Ward's b f Thankful, by Lexington, out of Sue Morrissey, by imp Eclipse, out of Mollie Jackson. 36. Bacon & Holland's b c, by imp Hurrah, out of Emma Down- ing, by Captain Beard. 37. R. W. Cameron's (M. A. Littell's) b c Brother to Inverary, by Leamington, out of Stolen Kisses. Second Race— The Summer Handicap. For all ages ; $100 entrance, h f, $20 if declared ; weights to be announced 20th July ; declarations to be made on or before the 1st of August ; two miles. NOMINATIONS. 1. Thos. W. Doswell's b h Eolus, 5 years, by Leamington, out of Fannie Washington. 2. Buckley & Tully's imp b h Buckden, 4 years, by Lord Clifton, out of Consequence. 3. M H. Sanford's b h Preakness, 6 years, by Lexington, out of Bay leaf. 4. M. H. Sanford's br h Mate, 4 years, by Australian, out of Mattie Gross. 5. D. McDaniel & Co.'s b h Constant, 4 years, by War Dance, out of Lassie of Sidney. G. D. McDaniel & Co.'s ch f 3 years, by Kentucky, out of Zaidee, by imp Belshazzar. 7. Jos. Donahue's ch h Alroy, 5 years, by Australian, out of Nellie Gray, by Lexington 8. John F. Chamberlin's b f Mary Constant, 3 years, by War Dance, out of Lassie of Sidney. 9. M. A. Littell's b m Winesap, 5 years, by Vandyke, out of Nina. 1 76 SARATOGA. 10. M. A. Littell's br c Wizard, 3 years, by Concord, out of Dolly Morgan. 11. R. W. Cameron's ch c 3 years, by Leamington, out of Rebecca. 12. Hunter & Travers' blk c Strachino, 3 years, by Parmesan, out of May Bell. 13. Hunter & Travers' ch c Reviler, 3 years, by Censor, out of Jennie Rose. 14. Hunter & Travers' b h Alarm, 4 years, by imp Eclipse, out of imp Maud. 15. John O'Donnell's b c Fordham, 4 years, by Lightning, dam by Glencoe, out of Laura Webster. 16. John O'Donnell's gr g 4 years, by Lightning, dam by Revenue, out of Minnow. 17. John O'Donnell's ch c Meteor, 4 years, by Asteroid, out of Maria Innis. 18. Carroll & Coar's br h Ortolan, 6 years, by Doneraile, out of Canary Bird. 19. Andrew Allan's imp br h Burgundy, 6 years, by Claret, out of Miss Jephson, by Leamington. 20. I. W. Pennock's b c 4 years, by Vandal, ©ut of Margravine, by imp Margrave. 21. J. W. Weldon's b h King Benezet, 6 years, by Lightning, out of Mishap, by imp Knight of St. George. 22. Frederick L. Hart's br g The Moor (late John Doe), 4 years, by Lexington, out of Lucy Fowler. 23. A. C Franklin's b m Arizona, 5 years, by Lexington, out of imp Zone, by The Cure. 24. A. C. Franklin's b f Nevada, 4 years, by Lexington, out of Lightsome, by imp Glencoe. 25. Rice & McCormick's ch h Stockwood, 5 years, by Asteroid, out of Alabama, by Brown Dick. 26. Rice & McCormick's b f Bessie Lee, 4 years, by Hunter's Lex- ington, dam by Chorister. Third Race — Steeplechase ; a free handicap. For all ages ; about three miles ; entries to be made August 2d, by 4 p. M. ; weights to be announced August 4. $800 to the win- ner, $200 to the second, and $100 to the third horse. Total purse, $1,100. SECOND DAY -AUGUST 7. First Race— The Kenner Stakes. For three-year-olds; $100 entrance, $50 forfeit ; the Association to add $1,500 ; two miles. NOMINATIONS. 1. W. F. Stanhope's (W. W. Glenn's) ch c Merodac (late O. P. B.), by Australian, dam Ada Cheatham, by Lexington. 2. Hunter & Travers' ch c Reviler, by Censor, dam Jenny Rose. 3. Hunter & Travers' ch c Satirist, by Censor, dam Fanny Fern. 1ND HOTEL, CONGRESS PARK-W. W. LELAND & CO., PROPRIETORS 1 SARATOGA. 177 4. Hunter & Travers' ch c Captain Garland, by Leamington, dam Genista. 5. Hunter & Travers* blk c Strachino (imp), by Parmesan, dam May Bell. 6. Hunter & Travers' ch c Saturn, by Planet, dam Jenny H. 7. Hunter & Travers' b f Girl of the Period, by Eclipse, dam Oliata. 8. Hunter & Travers' br f Megara, by Eclipse, dam Ulrica. 9. Hunter & Travers' ch f Quits, by Eclipse, dam Columbia. 10. Hunter & Travers' b f Loena, by Leamington, dam Pussy. 11. Hunter & Travers' b f Luna, by Asteroid, dam Glencliffe. 13. John O'Donnell's b c, by Lightning, dam by Glencoe, out of Laura Webster. 13. John O'Donnell's gr f, by Lightning, dam by Revenue, out of Minnow. 14. John A. Miller's ch f, by Jack Malone, dam "Woodbine, by Lex- ington. 15. John M. Clay's b c Zebedee, by Star Davis, dam Zara, by York- shire. 16. John M. Clay's b f Slyboots, by Rivoli, dam Skedaddle, by Yorkshire. 17. Miles Kelly's gr c, by Commodore, dam by Sovereign, out of Reel. 18. August Belmont's imp b c, by Breadalbane, dam Ellermire. 19. August Belmont's b c Oaklands by Leamington, dam Babta. 20. August Belmont's ch c Silk Stocking, by Kentucky, dam Fluke. 21. F. Morris' b c, by Eclipse, out of Etiquette, by Mariner. 22. F. Morris' ch c, by Eclipse, out of Mollie Jackson, by Vandal. 23. Gov. Oden Bowie's b c Catesby, by imp Eclipse, dam Katie, by Two Bits. 24. Gov. Oden Bowie's ch c Cecil, by Baltimore, dam Sally Wood- ward, by Albion. 25. W. J. Bacon's ch f Dolorosa, by Exchequer, dam Tribulation, by Jeff Davis. 26. D. Swigert's b c Cariboo, by Lexington, dam Alice Jones, by Glencoe. 27. D. Swigert's (D. McDaniel & Co.'s ) ch c Springbok, by Austra- lian, dam Hester, by Lexington. 28. D. Swigert's ch f India, by Lexington, dam Miss Morgan by Yorkshire. 29. J. W. Hunt Reynold's b c Whisper, by Planet, dam Mattie Gross. 30. Thos. G. Bacon's ch c by Jack Malone, dam Sea Breeze. 31. Thos. G. Bacon's b or br f by Vandal, dam Neutrality, by Revenue. 32. F. Bissick's ch c Somerset, by Concord, dam by Glencoe. 33. J. J. O'Fallon's ch c Polkowski, by Pat Malloy, dam Anna Travis, by Yorkshire. 34. J. J. O'Fallon's b c John Davis, by Pat Malloy, dam by Epsilon. 35. J. S. Watson's ch c King Philiip, by imp Eclipse, out of Jessie Dixon (Narragansett's dam), by Arlington. (Subscriber dead.) 36. J. S. Watson's b c by Jerome Edgar, out of Minnie Minor, by Lexington. (Subscriber dead.) 1^ 1 78 SARATOGA. 37. J. S. Watson's ch c by Jerome Edgar or Extra, dam Nannie Butler, by Lexington. (Subscriber dead.) 38. G. W. Stewart's ch f by Planet, dam Volga, by Glencoe. 39. Denison & Crawford's ch c Woodsman, by Bourbon, dam Emma Johnson, bv Union. 40. D. McDaniel's (J. W.* Bell & Co.'s) ch c Cross the Sea, by Ely, dam Beatrice. 41. D. McDaniel's ch f by Lexington, dam Dolly Carter. 43. D. McDaniel's ch f by Planet, dam Minnie Mansfield. 43. D. McDaniel's b f by Blackbird, dam by Planet, grandam by Fly-by-Night. 44. M. A. Littell's br c Wizard, by Concord, dam Dolly Morgan, by Eevenue. 45. M. A. Littell's b c Wildidle, by Australian, dam Idlewild. 46. M. A. Littell's ch c Fellowcraft, by Australian, dam iErolite, sister to Idlewild. 47. J. C. Hare's b c by Asteroid, dam Edith, by Sovereign. 48. R. W. Walden's ch c Liverpool, by Planet, dam Novice, by Glencoe. 49. Thos. G. Saunders' (G. H. Rice & Co.'s) ch c by Hiawatha, dam Rapid Ann, by Jack Malone. 50. W. M. Conner's (Babcock & Ransom's) b c Ransom, by Aste- roid, dam Banner, by Albion. 51. W. M. Conner's b c by Planet, dam Zephyr, by Lexington. 52. John Coffee's br c B. F. Carver, by Lightning, dam La Vic- time. 53. John Coffee's gr c by Lightning, dam Jessamine Porter. 54. D. D. Withers' imp b c Stonehenge, by Blair Athol, dam Coim- bra, by Kingston. 55. D. D. Withers' imp b c Minstrel, by Marsyas, dam Marchion- ess, by Marquis. 56. Clark & Grinstead's b c by imp Australian, dam Cicily Jop- son (imp) by Weatherbit. 57. J. A. Grinstead's ch f Tarantilla, by imp Australian, dam Schottische, by Albion. 58. Leonard Jerome's ch c by imp Australian, dam imp Weather- witch, by Weatherbilt. 59. Leonard Jerome's b c by Lexington, dam Kitty Clark, by Glencoe. 60. P. S. Forbes' (P. Lorillard's) ch c Free Lance, by Kentucky, dam Parachute. 61. Thos. W. Doswell's ch c by Australian, dam Zephyr, by Lex- ington. 62. Thos. W. Doswell's ch f Cara Lisa, by Censor, dam Fanny Washington. 63. Thos. W. Doswell's gr f by Australian, dam Eagless, by Glencoe. 64. Isaac W. Pennock's ch c by Planet, dam Rebecca T. Price, by The Colonel. 65. H. D. Bunch's ch f Nannie B., by Veto, dam Laura Williams, by Glencoe. 66. Buford & Visman's b c Count Fosco, by Endorser, dam Lida (Enquirer's dam), by Lexington. 67. S. D. Bruce's ch c Gal way, by Concord, dam Maudina, by Aus- tralian. SPECIAL NOTICE FROM THE PUBLISHER. This work has been issued annually for three years. Its circulation has become so large, that the publisher pro- poses to issue early in 1874 a Guide to Saratoga, which shall far surpass in elegance and beauty, as well as in com- pleteness, not only the present edition, but every Guide book ever printed, offering it for sale at the lowest possible price. While many Guide books may be merely advertising mediums, that will not be the object and purpose of this work. For that reason we have not filled our advertising pages with advertisements of the hotels and springs, though we could easily have obtained them. Our edition for next year will be issued at great expense, and, in order to reduce the cost, we have decided to accept a very few advertise- ments from first-class parties at a reasonable price. Mr. Peter K. Deyo, of No. 7 Beekman street, New York, the well-known advertising agent, will have entire charge of this matter, and will be authorized to furnish those who request it, with the printer's certificate of circulation. As a mirror of Saratoga, and an elegant Treatise on its Min- eral Waters, each copy will be preserved, and read by many persons. Sold at various points of the country, on steamboats, railroads and newsstands, and, in Saratoga, by newsboys, and by dipper hoys at the springs, and wherever the Sara- toga waters go ; the extent of its circulation, and the fact that it will be read by people of wealth when most at leisure, will contribute to make " Saratoga Illustrated for 1874" one of the finest opportunities for reaching fashion- able people. SARATOGA. 1 79 Second Race — Purse For all ages ; to carry $100 lbs. ; mares and gelding allowed 3 lbs. ; one and a half mile. Third Race — Purse $500. Selling race, for all ages ; one and a quarter miles ; horses en- tered to be sold for $2,000, to carry their appropriate weights; for $1,500, allowed 7 lbs. ; for $1,000, 12 lbs. ; the winner to be sold at auction. THIRD DAY -AUGUST 9. First Race — Siveepstalces for Two-year-olds. $100 entrance, h f, with $700 added; second horse to save his stake ; winners of $1,000, 5 lbs. ; of $1,500, 7 lbs. ; of $2,000, 10 lbs. extra ; three-quarters of a mile. NOMINATIONS. 1. Oden Bowie's b c Keene Richards, by War Dance, out of Ever- green, by Glencoe. 2. August Belmont's ch c Botany Bay, by imp Australian, out of Bonnet. 3. August Belmont's b f Countess, by Kentucky, out of Lady blessington. 4. Geo. Ayer's ch c Erastus Corning, by Lightning, out of Nora Creina. 5. D. McDaniel & Co.'s b f, by imp Leamington, dam by Arling- ton, out of Oakland's dam. 6. D. McDaniel & Co.'s b c, by Asteroid, out of Sue Washington, by Revenue. 7. D. McDaniel & Co.'s ch f by imp Australian, out of Alabama, by Brown Dick. 8. Jos. Donahue's ch c by Kentucky, out of Zaidee, by imp Bel- shazzar. 9. John F. Chamberlin's b c Visigoth, by Asteroid, out of Van- dalia, by Vandal. 10. John F. Chaniberlin's ch c Weathercock, by imp Australian, out of imp Weatherwitch (dam of Little Mack). 11. Hunter & Travers' b c Equuleus, by Planet, out of Austria. 12. Hunter & Travers' b f Vesta, by Asteroid, out of Gen. Duke's dam. 13. Hunter & Travers' br f Vengeance, by Censor, out of Nemesis. 14. Hunter & Travers' b c Minor, by Edgar, out of Minnie Minor. 15. Hunter & Travers' ch c Prodigal Son, by Censor, out of Jennie Rose. 16. Hunter & Travers' b c King Pin, by Lexington, out of Eltham Lass. 17. Hunter & Travers' ch f Gossip, by Censor, out of Genista. 18. b\ Morris' b f Regardless, by Eclipse out of Barbarity. 19. F. Morris' b c by Eclipse, out of Slasher-Barbarity mare. 20. 1. \V. Pen nock's ch f, by Jack Malone out of Rebecca T. Price, by The Colonel. 180 SARATOGA. 21. John Coffee's br f, by Leamington, out of Jessamine Porter. 22. John Coffee's b f Nettie Norton, by Leamington, out of Long Nine, by Lightning. 23. A. B. Lewis & Co.'s b f Vandalite, by Vandal, out of Vesper Light. 24. A. B. Lewis & Co.'s ch f Belle of Australia, by Australian, out of Woodford Belle. Second Race — Purse $500. For three-year-olds ; winners, this year, of any single race, amounting to $1,000, 10 lbs. extra. One and one-eighth miles. Third Race — Purse $800. For all ages ; two and three-quarter miles. FOURTH DAY -AUGUST 12. First Race— Purse $500. One mile, for all ages ; beaten maidens allowed 5 lbs. Second Race — Purse $600. One and three-quarter miles; a free handicap for all ages; horses to be entered immediately after the last race of the pre- vious day ; weights to be announced the succeeding day, at 10 a. m. Third Race — Hurdle Race. Two miles, over 8 hurdles; a free handicap for all ages; con- ditions as of previous race; $500 to the winner, $150 to the second, and $100 to the third horse. Total purse, $750. FIFTH DAY -AUGUST 14. First Race — Sweepstahes. For three-year-olds ; $100 entrance, h. f ., with $700 added ; the second horse to save his stake ; winners of $1,500, 5 lbs. ; of $2,000, 7 lbs. ; of over $2,000, 10 lbs extra ; two miles. NOMINATIONS. 1. Robert Dixon & Son's ch c Harry Todd, by Planet, out of Elk- horna, by Lexington. 2. M. H. Sanford's ch g Milton, by Planet, out of Mildred. 3. M. H. Sanford's b f Bay Rose, by Lexington, out of Bay Leaf. 4. D. McDaniel & Co.'s br f, by imp Leamington, out of imp Wombat, by West Australian. 5. John F. Chamberlin's ch c Lord Jersey, by War Dance, dam by imp Glencoe. SARATOGA. 181 6. M. A. Littell's ch c Fellowcraft, by Australian, out of JSrolite. 7. Hunter &Travers' ch c Reviler, by Censor, out of Jenny Rose. 8. Hunter & Travers' blk c Strachino, by Parmesan, out of May Bell. 9. John O'Donnell's b c, by Lightning, dam by Glencoe, out of Laura Webster. 10. I. W. Pennock's ch f, by Jack Maloneout of Vesper Light, by Childe Harold. 11. John Coffee's gr c, by Lightning out of Jessamine Porter. 12. J. A. Grinstead's ch f, by Lightning, out of Tokay, by York- shire. 13. J. A. Grinstead's gr c Crockford, by Lightning, out of Mishap, by imp Knight of St. George. 14. A. B. Lewis & Co.'s b c Joe Johnston, by Hunter's Lexington, dam by Oliver. Second Race— Purse $500. One mile; a free handicap for two-year-olds ; conditions as of the second race on the fourth day. Third Race— Purse $600. One and a half miles ; a free handicap for all ages ; conditions as of previous race. SIXTH DAY -AUGUST 16. First Race— Purse $500. One and one-eighth miles ; a free handicap for all ages ; con- ditions as of previous handicaps. Second Race— Purse $3,000. Four-mile heats, for all ages ; entrance $50 ; $2,500 to the win- ner, $500 to the second horse, and the entrance money to the third horse. Third Race— Purse $500. One and three-quarter .miles, for all ages ; horses beaten once at this meeting, allowed 7 lbs. ; twice, 14 lbs. ; three times, 21 lbs. ; winners at either meeting excluded. Entrance to steeplechases and hurdle races, free ; for other purses (except four mile heats) 5 per ct. to go to the second horse. Six-year-olds and upward will hereafter carry 114 lbs., the same as five-year-olds. Races will commence promptly at 12 o'clock each day, con- cluding in time for hotel dinners and the afternoon trains for all points. Perfect order will, as usual, be preserved, and no disreputable person will be admitted to the grounds or stands. ^W. R. TRAVERS, Pres't. C. WHEATLY, Sec'y. SARATOGA BOOK STORE, E. R. STEVENS, Jr., lutein til tttHQter, 80 and 82 BROADWAY, First Door North, of Congress Hall, SARATOGA SPRINGS. Fine English and French Tinted Note Paper, Initial Stationery, Russia Leather Pocket Books, Pocket Knives, Lubin's Extracts, Gold Pens and Pencil Cases, Stereoscopic Views, in great variety; Glass Paper Weights, containing Views of Hotels, Springs, &c. ALL OF THE POPULAR BOOKS OF THE DAY FOR SALE. SARATOGA NEWS ROOM AND BOOK STOBE, IsTo. 130 BEOAD "W-A.'Z', (Opposite U. S. Hotel.) Has a fine assortment of Fine Stationery and Latest PuDlications. ALSO all kinds of Newspapers, Periodicals and Stereoscopic Views, AT THE LOWEST PRICE. E. H. THORN, Merchant Tailor, AND DEALER IN GENTS' FUKJSriSJBCIJrG GOODS. A Perfect Fit Guaranteed, equal to the Finest City Trade. IB* O .A. D i Under Hoklen House. ELEGANT PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN AT THE CLARENDON PARK STUDIO, BY B. F. JUD80N. Mister. D. F. RITCHIE, Editor. "Tit SARATOGIAN," DAILY AND WEEKLY, Office in St. Nicholas Building, Corner Broadway and Phila Street, SARATOGA 8PRSN@8, HO. V. The Saiiatogian is one of the best Advertising Me- diums in this section, as it has a circulation more than double that of all the Republican press of Saratoga County combined. The facilities of the Saratogian Office for the prompt execution of First Class Job Work, are equal to those of any in the city, and all work is done at reasonable figures. PM@PMM f M MEM 8T. FOR NEW YORK. St John, Drew, Dean Richmond. One of tnese STEAM PALACES will leave Albany every evening (Sundays excepted), on arrival of the evening trains on the Rensselaer and Saratoga, New York Central and Albany and Susquehanna Railroads. !^° Hudson River Railroad Tickets good for State Room Passage. BAGGAGE CHECKED THROUGH. .Tickets to Newark, New Brunswick, Trenton, Burlington, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Baltimore and Washington City, for sale on the Boats, and BAGGAGE checked to destination. JOHN C. HEWITT, General Ticket Agent. Br, EOBEfil H&Kl&lOTi MEDICAL INSTITUTE, FOR THE TREATMENT OF FEMALE, LUNG AND CHRONIC DISEASES, Consultation Office: Broadway, opposite Congress Spring. TASTELESS MEDICINES. Of the many methods devised to overcome the nauseous taste of some medicines, such as Tar, Turpentine, Extract Male Fern, and even of Castor and Cod-Liver Oils, none have as yet equaled that of Capsules, they having numerous advantages over all other forms, and the Capsules having the most advan- tages are those made by Dundas, Dick & Co., of this city-^ being superior to any other made in America, and, also, to those imported from Europe ; and, when quality and the late reduction (about 20 per cent.) are taken into account, we may safely say they are the cheapest made. They are easily swallowed, even by children ; being soft, contain genuine medicines, and may always be relied on ; are not objectionable in any way . and are put up in an elegant and pleasing manner, and expressly for the prescription trade. Under these circumstances, we are not surprised to learn that they are now the only ones ordered by physicians, and that the great success of this Company has no precedent in tbe Capsules manufacture. — New York Druggists 1 Price- Current, Dec. 14, 1870. DICK'S SOFT CAPSULES solve the problem long and anxiously considered by many of our most eminent physicians, of how to avoid for the patient the nausea and disgust expe- rienced in swallowing, which are well known too often to detract from, if not destroy, the beneficial effects of some of the most valuable remedies prescribed. The Soft Capsules are handscmely put up in tin-foil and neat boxes, containing 30 each. Every box contains plain and con- cise directions for those taking the contents, without the advice of a physician, and can be had at every respectable drug store in the United States Thes: were the only Capsules admitted to the last Paris Exposition. GENERAL AGENCY, 110 Reade Street, New York. CITIZEN'S LINE STEAMBOATS. TROY & NEW YORK. 1873. fk^2^fe££N^ 1873, THE ELEGANT, LIGHT-DRAFT STEAMERS. SUNNYSIDE, Capt. FRANK TESON. THOMAS POWELL, Capt. T. D. ABRAMS. LEAVE TROY DAILY, (Saturdays excepted,) at 6 o'clock, p. m., arriving in New York in ample time to connect with morning trains for all points South and West. FARE FROM SARATOGA TO NEW YORK, "Via this Line, ONLY $2.75, Through Tickets Sold, and Baggage Checked Through from E. & S. E. E. Depot, Saratoga. Passengers leaving Saratoga at 3.15 p. m., connect with this Line, thus affording a fine view of the Hudson River, before dark. :e>:l.:e.a.s:e notice. SUNDAY EVENING BOAT ! From Albany and Troy, Steamer "SUNNYSIDE," connecting with train leaving Saratoga at 4 p. m. G. W. HORTON, Gen'l Agent, Troy, June 25, 1873. TROY, N. Y. THE SCIENCE OF HEALTH. If you would be well and strong, study the laws of Life and Health by reading the "SCIENCE OF HEALTH," the best health journal published — not the organ of any business or in- stitution, but an independent, earnest educator of the people in all that pertains to the preservation and regaining of health. As The Science of Health has been sustained beyond expectation during its first year, we are prepared with additional facilities for making the next volume respond still more fully to the popular demand for an independent Health Monthly. Ample arrangements have been made to render each depart- ment a welcome and instructive visitant to the reader. TERMS ONLY $2.00 .A. YB^R. The Phrenological Journal. This Magazine has been before the public so long and has become so well-known, that the Publisher hardly feels called upon to more than announce a new volume, the 57th. Its name has become a household word. It will, as heretofore, contain all that is new on Phrenology, or the Brain and its Functions ; Ethnology, or the Natural History of Man ; Physiognomy, or the Signs of Character exhibited in the Human Face and Form ; Psychology, or the Science of the Soul ; Sociology, or Man in his Private and Public Relations ; Histoky and Biography, or Man in the Past and in the Present. TERMS $3.00 J± YE^R; Clubbed with "The Science of Health," a year for $4.50. Agents Wanted. Address S. R. WELLS, Publisher, 389 BROADWAY, New York. JOHN TOOIST, DEALER IN a HOSIERY, CLOVES, Men's Furnishing Goods, FINE CUTLERY, No. 1 CONGRESS HALL BLOCK, Directly opposite Congress Spi - ing Park. S^IR,.A.TOGr^. KIID OJL.OVIES -A. SPECIALTY. ALIj KINDS OF INSURANCES EFFECTED AT THE LOWEST RATES. WILLIAM SEARING, BEEKMAN H ; SEARING- Attorney-at-Law. Notary Public. Wl. M SEARING | SON, REAL ESTATE BROKERS Insurance and Collecting Agents, 178 <& 180 BBOADWAY, AINSWOETH PLACE, [(ROOMS 12 and 13,); SARATOGA SPRINGS. Buy, Sell, Rent and Exchange Furnisned Coitages, Stores, Dwelling Houses, Offices, Country Residences, City and Suburban Lots, Farms, Shops, Mills, Factories, Steam and Water Powers. Bonds, Mortgages ana otner Securities, Bougnt and Sold. LOANS IVEGrOTIATED. COLLECT RENTS, NOTES, ACCOUNTS AND EVIDENCES OF DEBT. Conveyancing, Searching and Examining Titles made a specialty. PARTICULAR ATTENTION PAID TO MAKING COLLECTIONS. PERFECT SATISFACTION GUARANTEED TO ALL PARTIES. By promptness, industry and fair dealing, we aim to merit the confidence and give satisfaction to those who may entrust their business to our charge. Respectfully, WM. M. SEAEING- & SON. %W~ Only First Class Companies Represented. F. V. HEWITT DEALER IK FLOUR, FINE GROCERIES PROVISIONS, CANNED FRUITS, &c, No. 172 BEOADWAY, (Ainsworth Place.) SABATOG-A SPEIUG-S, UST. IT. Goods delivered in any part of the Village, free of charge. S. A. RICKARD, DEALER IN Wall Paper, WMow State, Pictures, STATIONERY AND FANCY ARTICLES. MANUFACTURER OF A.LL KINDS OF PICTURE FRAMES, No. 179 Broadway (Trim's Block), SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. Lb ij ( . <• '. '. '. '. ** :-.-:•: ft i ^ = S : : ?( :^ • 25j~* ? :S2°S£!<« : : : -a : : : : Oh woo • • » 00 QO 0C wi ■ J . : : : ja" • • • .' CU ■ • x/.z - • fi^^cS^- Lb '19 CQ ti En < O O o Eh P K H <1 JONO s£23 fc « ..t »~ ed JONS •OCODOO S3 o Eh l-H w TO M ti o s§SC5*§ :g$| ■ox M'SSIffi :83