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MARQUIS' 
 
 HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO 
 
 A COMPLETE 
 
 HISTORY, REFERENCE BOOK, AND GUIDE 
 TO THE CITY. 
 
 X . 
 
 1/ 
 
 
 ^X 
 
 ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 JAN 23 l 
 
 ^•FWun 
 
 CHICAGO: 
 
 A. N. MAKQUIS & CO., PUBLISHEES, 
 
 LAKESIDE BUILDING, 
 1885. 
 
Copyright by 
 A. N. MAKQUIS & COMPANY 
 
 1884 
 
 ?5' 
 
 A. N. MARQUIS & CO., 
 
 GENERAL BOOK PUBLISHERS, 
 
 Lakeside Building, - Chicago. 
 
 Correspondence with authors solicited. 
 All manuscripts given prompt readings. 
 
PEEFACE 
 
 In presenting Marquis' Hand -Book of Chicago to the public, 
 the publishers desire to call attention to the fact that it occupies a 
 field not filled — nor even attempted — by any previous publication. 
 Its design is to give a comprehensive view of the leading features 
 of the great metropolis of the northwest, bringing out into bold 
 relief the social, business, religious, charitable, educational and 
 other lines of its progress, through tersely drawn sketches of the 
 most striking details of each, so grouped as to convey a clear and 
 strong impression of the growth and condition of that element of 
 Chicago life. The historical sketch is a natural and necessary pre- 
 lude to the rest of the work, the materials for which have been 
 collected and compiled with great care and cost, from, data fur- 
 nished by the highest authority ; and much of the matter was written 
 by Mr. Franc B. Wilkie, the well known journalist, to whose ample 
 knowledge and rare versatility of expression the volume owes 
 many of its best qualities. 
 
 The aim has been to produce a book which would answer the 
 questions of every class of enquirers, at home and abroad, and it is 
 believed that the task has been at least measurably accomplished, 
 and with as great a degree of accuracy as was attainable by the 
 employment of every available means to that end. It has been the 
 endeavor to secure the utmost economy of space consistent with 
 fullness and accuracy, with such an arrangement of the matter as 
 will afford the greatest facility for reference. Hence, so far as 
 possible, subjects of a kindred nature have been collected under 
 appropriate headings, and an index appended which the reader will 
 find indispensable. 
 
 In dealing with so many diverse facts, it is not improbable that 
 some inaccuracies have crept in, and that there are some omissions. 
 Errors are unavoidable in a first edition, especially in a work of this 
 character ; but it is hoped that by dint of careful revision, with 
 numerous contemplated additions to the list of illustrations — the 
 majority of which was made expressly for the book — to render 
 future editions very nearly perfect. The book will be subjected to 
 frequent and thorough revisions, and suggestions for improvement 
 and information of changes and corrections are solicited, and should 
 be addressed to A. N. Marquis & Co., Lakeside Building, Chicago. 
 October, 1884. 
 
CONTENTS BY CHAPTERS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Preface .... 3 
 
 Chicago — An Historical Sketch 5-28 
 
 The Thoroughfares— Streets, Avenues, Bridges, Tun- 
 nels, Street Eailways ....... 29-38 
 
 Transportation Facilities— Eailways, Eivers, Canals, 
 
 Lake 39-60 
 
 The Public Buildings 61-68 
 
 The City Government 69-76 
 
 The Militia— Military Organizations in Chicago . . 77-80 
 
 Parks and Boulevards 81-98 
 
 Charity and Benevolence — Charitable, Benevolent and 
 
 Humane Institutions, etc 99-130 
 
 The Clubs and Societies 131-158 
 
 The Burial Places . . 159-172 
 
 The Eeligious Institutions— Churches, etc. . . . 173-206 
 
 Educational Institutions 207-220 
 
 The Libraries ' 221-226 
 
 Arts and Sciences— Art and Scientific Organizations . 229-234 
 
 Places of Amusement 235-244 
 
 The Newspaper Press 245-256 
 
 The Musical Societies 257-260 
 
 The Exchanges— and Business Associations , . . 261-266 
 
 The Hotels 267-274 
 
 Eeal Estate Interests 275-292 
 
 Business Houses 295-328 
 
 Index to Full Page Illustrations 329 
 
 Index to Smaller Illustrations 329-330 
 
 Index to Text 330-336 
 
 $@TTo find any particular item or subdivision of topic, consult Index to Text, 
 pages 3 .0 to 336. 
 
CHICAGO. 
 
 AN HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 COME two hundred and eleven 
 years ago, Louis Joliet and 
 Father Jacques Marquette, who 
 had journeyed from Canada 
 in canoes to the Mississippi 
 Eiver, via the Wisconsin and 
 Fox Eivers, returned to Lake 
 Michigan — then known as Lac 
 Des Illinois — by way of the Illi- 
 nois, Desplaines and Chicago 
 Eivers.* The last named rivers 
 were till then unknown to the 
 two explorers, who followed 
 
 First Family Residence in Chicago. them by the advice of some 
 
 friendly Indians, as a means of shortening the return route. 
 
 In time they came into a narrow stream which was probably then 
 but little more than a slough. Paddling along its sluggish current, the 
 keels of their canoes soon glided down the south branch of the Chicago 
 Eiver, through the site of the present city of Chicago, and into the clear 
 waters of the lake. 
 
 So far as is known, this trip of Joliet and Marquette — one a holy 
 man, in search of savage souls to be saved and locations for the estab- 
 lishment of missions, and the other an explorer in search of wealth — 
 revealed to white men their first glimpse of the site of the great city. 
 
 *Mr. Albert D. Hager, the well known librarian of the Chicago Historical Society, 
 who is justly regarded as high authority, contends, in an able paper read before the 
 Society, that this was not the route followed, and shows clearly that it might have 
 been -but, as we weigh the evidence, not conclusively— that it was, by way of the 
 Des Plaines, the " sag," Stony Brook, and the Calumet. 
 
6 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Evidently what they saw made no striking or abiding impression on 
 them. There was nothing around this embouchure of a little muddy 
 stream which led from the prairie into the lake, to indicate its magnifi- 
 cent future. If the travelers saw anything of importance, or which 
 suggested the site of a populous city, they made no mention of it in 
 their diary. They were weary with their long journey, and poor Mar- 
 quette was oppressed with a premonition that he was close to the end 
 of the journey of life. And so the first white men who ever saw the 
 site of Chicago passed it without comment. Fancy the holy exaltation 
 of the dying Marquette, could he have glanced forward two centuries ! 
 
 Site of Chicago. 
 
 One may picture with some degree of fidelity the scene these two 
 men looked upon, if they cared to lift their weary eyes and glance 
 about them during the few moments that preceded their entry into 
 the lake. Away back on the horizon a dead level of green, with not an 
 interruption to break the monotony. The water on which they pad- 
 dled was sluggish, turbid, inert, covered with a slimy green, and con- 
 tained within banks that scarcely rose above its dead level. Back of 
 the lake for leagues the adjacent country was a level morass from which 
 rose stalwart reeds and brawny grasses, and over which prevailed an 
 inundation that seemed limitless as to extent and eternal as to dura- 
 tion. Along the shores of the lake, to the right and left, interminable 
 stretches of sand, now smooth as a floor, now blown into dunes, with 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 7 
 
 here and there patches of gnarled timber, squat, unhealthy, and add- 
 ing a feature of desolation to the scene, instead of relieving the mo- 
 notonous aspect of the waste. If the two travel- worn voyagers glanced 
 at all over the surroundings, they must have felt that nature had here 
 made an especial effort to construct a region to be avoided. 
 
 This was in August, 1673, and, considering the character of the 
 location, it has been none too long since to afford time in which to 
 transform that area of desolation into the marvelous city which now 
 fills its place. 
 
 For more than a century the sand dunes shifted, the dwarfed vege- 
 tation died and was renewed, the marshy areas of sedge were undis- 
 turbed. Cincinnati, Cleveland, Detroit, St. Louis and other places 
 were founded, and began their growth. There occurred the French and 
 English wars in which Wolfe and Montcalm died and filled adjacent 
 graves. There were British and Indian massacres, Pontiac, and other 
 notables, and finally it was decided to build a fort on Lake Michigan 
 for the protection of the country from Canadian and Indian incursions. 
 The site at first selected was on the east side of the lake at St. Joseph, 
 but for some reason the present site of Chicago * was chosen. And 
 then began to exist, or to become visible, the protoplasm which in time 
 would, by the processes of evolution, become the city of Chicago. 
 
 The river gave the name to the city. The stream was called Che- 
 caugou by the native Indians, and is said to have taken this designa- 
 tion from a mephitic animal peculiar to the locality, and whose odor 
 may have been a foretaste of what the completed city was to experience 
 in after years from the rendering establishments of " Bridgeport." 
 There were Indians all about in those far-off days, when the lake winds 
 sighed or roared among the sodden rushes, and Chicago slept in the 
 womb of the future. There were first the Miamis and Mascoutins, and 
 later the Pottawatomies and others, who made forays for scalps and 
 plunder on adjacent tribes, and were in turn raided by their enemies, 
 when they yielded such of their scalps, ponies, and other aboriginal 
 assets as they could not retain. 
 
 For a time the region about the mouth of the Chicago River was in 
 the possession of France. French priests visited it, and there are 
 various legends, traditions and the like, which go to establish the fact 
 
 * Chicago is situated about the fork and mouth of the Chicago River, on the west 
 shore of Lake Michigan, and near the head of that fine inland sea, in latitude 41° 52' 
 north, and longitude 87° 35' west. The city comprises an area of 23,040 acres, which 
 is divided into north, south and west divisions (commonly known as North Side, 
 South Side and West Side) by the river and its branches. 
 
8 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 that there were a half dozen or more white men who were " the first " 
 to visit the locality. Marquette is the one who stands most promi- 
 nently in this connection and, as the original white pioneer, will prob- 
 ably go down to posterity on the stream of history. This much, how- 
 ever, seems to be settled : In 1795 the Indian residents ceded to the 
 United States an area of six miles square, on which, in 1803, Fort 
 Dearborn was erected. 
 
 Back of this date, there is but little which does not belong to the 
 age of myth, like the period of Romulus with reference to the future 
 city of Rome. Back of all great cities there lies a period which is dim 
 and mysterious, of which much is conjectured, asserted and denied, 
 but little or nothing is known. Even Chicago, the newest and most 
 enterprising of modern cities, has its mythical past into which enter 
 few save the disputatious, and whose character, even if fully known, 
 would confer no great benefit on posterity. It was, then, in 1803 that 
 Chicago entered on her historical period. For over a century prior to 
 this date, the French had more or less occupied the locality ; and when 
 the time came for their removal, they must have felt as did the Moors 
 of Grenada when expelled by the Spaniards after some eight hundred 
 years of almost undisturbed ownership. 
 
 From 1779 to 1796, a period of seventeen years, one Baptiste Point 
 DeSaible, a San Domingo negro, resided here as a trader among the 
 Pottawatomie Indians. His cabin was situated on the north side of the 
 main branch of the river, and near where it turns to the south. In 
 1796 he sold his landed possessions to LeMai, a French trader, and re- 
 turned to Peoria, whence he had come, and soon afterward died. 
 
 July 4, 1803, marked an event in the history of the place that 
 signalized the beginning of a new epoch. In those days the selection 
 of a site for a frontier fort was generally made with an eye to the 
 advantages of its location in respect to certain facilities and surround- 
 ings that constitute prime elements in the growth and prosperity of a 
 city. This was the case with Chicago. The government having found 
 the situation most favorable for its purpose, Capt. John "Whistler, who 
 was in command of a company of regular troops stationed at Detroit, 
 was ordered to proceed to this point and construct a fort. Capt. 
 Whistler came in a sailing vessel, accompanied by his wife and son 
 George, and his eldest son, Lieut. William Whistler, and young bride, 
 leaving Lieut. Jas. S. Swerrington to bring the soldiers around by land. 
 The vessel arrived at the mouth of Chicago Kiver on the day men- 
 tioned, and thus, on the anniversary of American independence, in 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 9 
 
 1803, began the story of a municipal growth that was destined to 
 surpass that of any other city of the old and new worlds. Capt. 
 Whistler commenced operations by the construction of Fort Dear- 
 born, on the point of land extending between the lake and the south 
 bank of Chicago River, the enclosure including a portion of Michigan 
 Avenue as it now is. The fort consisted of two block houses, from 
 which there led an underground passage to the river, for the purpose, 
 probably, of securing an outlet to water in case of siege. The grounds 
 occupied were quite spacious, being sufficient for a parade ground, and 
 also to furnish a garden for the cultivation of vegetables. The entire 
 space was enclosed by a strong palisade. Just outside of the palisade, 
 on the west of the fort, was a log house used as a warehouse for the 
 storage of goods intended for distribution among the Indians. The 
 fort was garrisoned at this period by a force of sixty-two officers and 
 privates. There were three pieces of artillery and the necessary 
 amount of small arms. The site of the fort was very charming, being 
 one of the highest points on the lake, and commanding an excellent 
 view in every direction. There is a vague legend that this fort was not 
 the first which occupied the spot, and that as far back as 1718 there 
 had been a fort in the same locality. But this misty legend cannot 
 be allowed to rob Fort Dearborn of the honor of having been the 
 pioneer enterprise of the kind in this vicinity. 
 
 The first permanent white settler was John Kinzie, who came to 
 Chicago in the spring of 1804, and who was the progenitor of the 
 numerous and respectable family of that name that was so much iden- 
 tified with the early history of the Garden City. He was a silversmith 
 by trade, but acted as Indian sub-agent, and Indian trader. He was a 
 Canadian by birth, and died here in 1828, at the age of sixty-five 
 years. He is regarded as one of the founders of the city, although it 
 was many years after his death before it began to exhibit any indica- 
 tions of its surpassing future. 
 
 Mr. Kinzie became the owner of the cabin formerly occupied by the 
 San Domingoan, DeSaible. He enlarged and improved it from time 
 to time until he made it a comfortable home and a hospitable shelter 
 to all who found its doors. The old "Kinzie House," as it is now 
 familiarly called, was last occupied by Mark Noble who, with his 
 family, lived in it as late as 1832. At that time, however, it was fast 
 going to decay, and it shortly afterward became a thing of the past. 
 It was the first family residence in Chicago. 
 
 There is a lively discussion as to who had the honor to be the first 
 
10 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 white child born in Chicago. A daughter of John Kinzie, just men- 
 tioned, named Ellen Marion, was born in December, 1805. Some 
 children had been born in the fort, but as the military were not per- 
 manent residents, and perhaps a little out of deference to the sex, the 
 honor is generally conceded to Ellen Marion Kinzie. 
 
 There was but little change in or about Fort Dearborn for several 
 years. The visitors were chiefly Indians; the inhabitants were few 
 although fairly prosperous. In the summer of 1812, the entire popu- 
 lation consisted of John Kinzie and family; a French laborer named 
 Oulimette ; a Mr. Burns with wife and children ; and some four miles 
 up the South Branch was a farmer named White, tenant of a land- 
 owner, named Lee, and three French laborers in White's employ. 
 Within the fort there resided Capt. Heald, Lieut. Helm and Sergt. 
 Holt, and their families. In addition to these there were some sixty- 
 four soldiers, of whom twelve were militia. All of the officers of the 
 year 1803 had been changed, Heald taking the place of Whistler; 
 Lieut. Helm held the second place ; George Bohah was ensign and Van 
 Voorhis, surgeon. 
 
 And now there came into view on the horizon a cloud, at first "no 
 bigger than a man's hand," but which speedily became a hurricane of 
 most deadly force. War was declared by the United States against 
 Great Britain, and the Winnebagoes and Pottawatomies became hostile 
 to the whites. As early as April, 1812, the first-named tribe made a 
 stealthy raid against the settlement, and managed to kill and scalp 
 White, and one of the French laborers employed by him. The other 
 two escaped, made their way to the fort and gave the alarm ; but from 
 this time till August nothing serious occurred, beyond some small raids 
 made by the Indians for the purpose of stealing cattle, or in the hope 
 of securing the scalp of some unsuspicious laggard a^out the settlement. 
 
 An order came from Gen. Hull, at Detroit, for the garrison of Fort 
 Dearborn to move out and go to Fort Wayne, unless in a condition to 
 stand a siege. Capt. Heald is represented as a man who lacked decis- 
 ion of character, and hence did not comprehend the situation. It is 
 now conceded that had he moved at once after getting the order, or 
 even had he staid and made a determined defense, he would have es- 
 caped the calamity which soon after overtook him. He concluded to 
 evacuate the fort, against the advice of his subordinate officers, of Mr. 
 Kinzie, and of some friendly Indians; but in place of carrying out his 
 resolution at once, he determined to try and placate the Indians by 
 calling them together and dividing among them the stores which re- 
 
12 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 mained on hand, and which he could not carry with him. The meeting 
 with the Pottawatomies was held on the 12th of August, and it was 
 agreed that the stores should be divided among them, and that they 
 should furnish an escort for the garrison to Fort Wayne, for which they 
 were to receive a liberal reward. 
 
 The agreement to give the Indians arms, ammunition and whisky was 
 so clearly disadvantageous and dangerous to the whites, and Mr. Kinzie 
 protested so strongly against its being carried into effect, that Capt. 
 Heald took advantage of the darkness of the night to break open the 
 barrels of whisky and let the contents run into the river, and at the 
 same time to throw the surplus ammunition and muskets into a well. 
 This operation was witnessed by some prowling savages, who reported 
 it to the others and thus aroused a deadly animosity against the whites. 
 On the 15th, the evacuation of the fort was begun. On the day pre- 
 vious Capt. William Wells, with some fifteen Miamis, reached the fort 
 from Fort Wayne, but it was concluded that it was useless to attempt to 
 defend the place, even with this addition, as the Indians were too nu- 
 merous and the means of opposition too limited. Mr. Kinzie had been 
 warned that the Pottawatomies meant mischief, and that he must not 
 accompany the troops overland, but must put his family on a boat 
 and proceed across the lake where he could join the troops on the other 
 side — provided the troops were allowed to proceed on their march. 
 
 Mr. Kinzie acted on this advice, and placed his wife and four 
 younger children in the boat, in which there were also the nurse of the 
 children, a clerk of Mr. Kinzie, two servants, the boatmen, and two In- 
 dians who were acting as their protectors. Mr. Kinzie was urged to 
 join the party in the boat, but declined to do so, as he foresaw the 
 storm, and thought he might be of service in warding off some of its 
 effects. The boat started, but had scarcely gotten under way when a 
 messenger from the friendly Indians arrived and told them to remain 
 where they were. They had reached the mouth of the river, and from 
 this point saw much of the conflict which almost immediately followed. 
 Mr. Kinzie and his oldest son accompanied the troops in their march 
 from the fort, the former knowing that he would not be attacked, as 
 the savages were friendly to him, and he hoped to be of some service to 
 the others. The troops filed slowly out of the fort, the band ominously 
 playing the Dead March. Capt. Wells led the way with his Miamis, and 
 knowing that death was almost certain, he had blacked his face in ac- 
 cordance with the custom of the Indians among whom he had been 
 reared. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 13 
 
 The little column proceeded south along the shore of the lake, keep- 
 ing on the sand. On the prairie higher up moved the escort of In- 
 dians, numbering some five hundred warriors. All Avent well until the 
 column had reached a point on the shore of the lake near what is now 
 the foot of Eighteenth Street. Just then Capt. Wells, who had been 
 riding a little in advance with his Miamis, came furiously back, and 
 announced that the Indians were about to attack them. A moment later 
 the Indians commenced firing on the column from the sand hills along 
 the edge of the prairie, and at once the troops formed in line and 
 charged up the bank. At the first discharge, the Miamis fled without 
 firing a shot. Capt. Wells alone disdained to fly, and was speedily 
 shot, scalped, and his heart taken out with the savage idea that his 
 captors might acquire some of his courage by devouring it. Mrs. 
 Helm, the wife of Lieut. Helm, was one of the party marching from 
 the fort, and her account of the massacre has become historical. The 
 troops fought gallantly, forced their way through the Indians, and 
 reached a little elevation on the prairie, where, finding the fighting 
 useless, they sent an interpreter and negotiated a surrender on condi- 
 tion that their lives should be spared, and that they should be allowed 
 to ransom themselves as soon as practicable. 
 
 The loss of the Indians is stated at about fifteen. The loss of the 
 whites was large, about fifty in all. Of all that left the fort, there re- 
 mained at the surrender twenty-five non-commissioned officers and 
 privates, and eleven Avonien and children. All the wounded prisoners 
 were killed and mutilated. Among those killed were Surgeon Van 
 Voorhis, Ensign Kohan and Capt. Wells. The wounded were Capt. 
 Heald and his wife, and Lieut, and Mrs. Helm. The latter, however, 
 managed to retain her senses and preserve for posterity the only reli- 
 able and connected account of the fight. She was a most gallant 
 woman, the step-daughter of Mr. Kinzie, to whom she was indebted for 
 examples of courage and gallantry that did her essential service. She 
 was attacked by a young Indian who attempted to tomahawk her, but 
 she avoided the blow aimed at her head, and received it on her 
 shoulder. She was just then seized by a friendly Indian in disguise, 
 who bore her to the lake, and, in pretending to attempt to drown her, 
 he saved her life. Mrs. Heald was badly wounded by bullets, and was 
 on the point of being scalped, when she was rescued by a friendly In- 
 dian on guard at the boat of the Kinzie party, her captor foregoing the 
 pleasure of scalping her on condition of the immediate payment of a 
 mule, and ten bottles of whisky at a later date. The latter portion of 
 
14 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 the reward seems to have proved irresistible; the savage released her 
 and she was taken into the boat. Bohan, the ensign, fought to the 
 last and died courageously. Surgeon Van Voorhis was wounded, and 
 pitifully appealed to Mrs. Helm, who was near him, to do something 
 to save him . He died very unwillingly. 
 
 Mr. Kinzie and his family were cared for by the friendly Indians 
 who saved their lives, but Mr. K. underwent a long and shifting im- 
 prisonment at the hands of the British, and was at last released uncon- 
 ditionally. After his death in Chicago, January, 1828, he was first 
 interred on the shore of the lake near his residence. Later he was 
 reinterred in the burying ground near where the North Side water- 
 works now stand, and again in the cemetery formerly located in the 
 southern portion of what is now Lincoln Park. A few years ago his 
 post-mortem wanderings were terminated by his remains being trans- 
 ferred to Graceland Cemetery. 
 
 The Indians burned Fort Dearborn, and Chicago had undergone its 
 first great trial. 
 
 The same year the first territorial legislature of Illinois met, and it 
 is said of them, in "Western Annals," that "they did their work like 
 men devoted to business matters. Not a lawyer nor an attorney is found 
 on the list." Six years later the territory was organized into a state. 
 In 1829 the state, by authority of Congress, inaugurated operations for 
 the building of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, and soon after this the 
 real evolution of Chicago commenced. In 1831 the county of 
 Cook was organized, Chicago being made the county seat, and on Aug. 
 10, 1833, the town of Chicago came into being. The vote by which 
 the people decided to incorporate themselves was thirteen — twelve 
 for, and one against. There were twenty-eight votes cast at the elec- 
 tion for town officers five days later. Th.3 first public building con- 
 structed after the town was established was a log jail, and the next was 
 an estray pen. T. J. V. Owen, George W. Dole, Madore B. Beaubien, John 
 Miller and E. S. Kimberly were the first trustees. They proceeded to 
 lay out the town of Chicago in modest dimensions, as follows : Begin- 
 ning at the intersection of Jackson and Jefferson Streets, thence north 
 to Cook Street, and through that street to its eastern extension in Wa- 
 bansia, thence on a direct line toward Ohio Street to Kinzie's Addition, 
 thence eastwardly to the lake shore, thence south with the line of the 
 beach to the northern United States pier, thence northwardly along 
 said pier to its termination, thence to the channel of the Chicago Eiver, 
 thence along said channel until it intersects the eastern boundary line 
 
MARQUIS 9 HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 15 
 
 of the town of Chicago as laid out by the canal commissioners, thence 
 southwardly with said line till it meets Jackson Street, thence west- 
 wardly along the line of Jackson Street until it reaches the point of 
 beginning. 
 
 In 1832 the total collection of taxes amounted to $357.78, the 
 most of which came from licenses to keep tavern and sell goods. At 
 that period there were noinail routes or post roads in this section, and 
 of course no postoffice in Chicago. The only method of getting mail 
 was to send a half-breed Indian once in two weeks to Mies, in Michi- 
 gan, and he was always instructed to get possession of all the news- 
 papers available, and bring them back to Chicago. The trip was made 
 on foot, and usually occu- 
 pied a week. The promi- 
 nent families here at this 
 time were those of James 
 Kinzie (son of the famous 
 John Kinzie), who lived at 
 Wolf's Point at the junction 
 of the North and South 
 Branches of the river; Elijah 
 "Wentworth, who kept a tav- 
 ern ; William See, Alexander 
 Eobinson, Kobert A. Kinzie, 
 Samuel See, who lived on 
 the north side of the North 
 Branch, nearly opposite 
 Wolf's Point, and who, in 
 company with his brother, 
 John Miller, kept a tavern ; 
 and Mark Beaubien, also a 
 
 tavern keeper, who lived on the east side of the South Branch just 
 above its junction with the North Branch. There was also an Indian 
 trader named Bourasso, and a family named Boliveu, who lived just 
 south of the fort. There were two or three other families, but the 
 preparation of a directory of Chicago, as it then was, would be a 
 work of but few minutes. 
 
 There was something of an Indian scare when Black Hawk broke 
 loose from the south in 1832, and at one time there were several hun- 
 dred fugitives in the fort, who fled there for protection against ex- 
 pected raids. It was in this war that Abraham Lincoln gained his 
 
 Site of Old Fort Deareorn, 
 River Street and Michigan Avenue. 
 
16 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 renown as a soldier, and many other heroes appeared who afterward 
 reaped a generous reward from their grateful country. In the same 
 year George W. Dole inaugurated the slaughtering and packing indus- 
 try, by killing and packing 200 head of cattle and 350 head of hogs. 
 This was but an humble beginning of what has grown to be one of the 
 greatest industries of modern Chicago. 
 
 Meanwhile Fort Dearborn had been rebuilt, and a garrison occupied 
 it until June, 1833, at which time there were about a dozen families 
 settled about the fort. The site of the old fort is now occupied by a 
 massive five -story business block, within the angle formed by the 
 junction of Eiver Street and Michigan Avenue. This building, which 
 is shown in an accompanying illustration, bears on its north front a 
 marble tablet with the following inscription : 
 
 THIS BUILDING OCCUPIES THE SITE OF OLD FORT DEARBORN, WHICH 
 EXTENDED A LITTLE ACROSS MICHIGAN AVENUE AND SOME- 
 WHAT INTO THE RIVER AS IT NOW IS. 
 
 THE .FORT WAS BUILT IN 1803-4, FORMING OUR OUTMOST DEFENSE. 
 
 BY ORDER OF GEN. HULL IT WAS EVACUATED AUG. 15, 1812, AFTER 
 ITS STORES AND PROVISIONS HAD BEEN DISTRIB- 
 UTED AMONG THE INDIANS. 
 
 Very soon after, the Indians attacked and massacred about fifty 
 of the troops and a number of citizens, including women and children, 
 and next day burned the fort. In 1816 it was rebuilt, but after the 
 Black Hawk war it went into gradual disuse, and in May, 1837, was 
 abandoned by the army, but was occupied by various government offi- 
 cers till 1857, when it was torn down, excepting a single building, 
 which stood upon the site till the great fire of Oct. 9, 1871. 
 
 At the suggestion of the Chicago Historical Society this tablet was 
 erected, November, 1880, by W. M. HOYT. 
 
 Mark Beaubien, the original tavern-keeper of Chicago, but a 
 short time since yielded up a life of far more than average length. 
 He came to Chicago from Michigan in 1826, and bought from John 
 Kinzie a small log house which stood about where the corner of Lake 
 and Market Streets is now located, paying $100 for it. This cabin 
 was transformed into the famous ' ' Sauganash " tavern, and was the 
 humble pioneer of the Grand Pacific, Palmer, Tremont, Sherman, and 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 17 
 
 other palatial hotels of Chicago. In later years, in response to an 
 inquiry as to his manner of keeping tavern in the olden time, Mr. 
 Beaubien said : " I had no ped, but when traveler came for lodging, I 
 give him planket to cover himself up on the floor, and tell him to look 
 out, for Ingin steal it. Den when he gits to sleep I take de planket 
 way careful and give it to noder man and tell him same, so I always 
 have peds for all dat want em." He was the father of twenty-six chil- 
 dren, of whom sixteen were by his first, and the rest by his second 
 wife. 
 
 On the 26th of November, 1833, there occurred an event which 
 was of more importance to the destinies of the coming city than all 
 that had before taken place. This was the establishment of a news- 
 
 Chicago in 1845. 
 
 paper, the first enterprise of th.3 kind, and known as The Chicago 
 Democrat. John Calhoun was the daring person who took this initial 
 step, and he is to the journalists of Chicago what Columbus is to 
 modern explorers. The place of publication was at the corner of 
 LaSalle and South Water Streets. The first number urged strongly the 
 beginning and completion of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, in order 
 to fa3ilitate intercourse between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi 
 River, and added that, ''with even the present limited system of navi- 
 gation, goods have been transported from New York to St. Louis in 
 the short space of twenty-three days." The issue of April 16, 1834, 
 commenced a marine record, announcing the arrival of one schooner 
 from St. Joseph, and the departure of two others. 
 
 Wolf and bear hunting with in the corporate limits of the town was 
 2 
 
18 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 one of the amusements that were sometimes resorted to both for pas- 
 time and for the protection of the pigs, sheep, fowls, etc. In October, 
 1835, a bear was treed in the woods near what is now the corner of 
 Market and Jackson Streets, and many wolves were killed the succeed- 
 ing winter in the same locality. During the summer season of 1834, 
 Chicago was visited once a week by a steamboat from Lake Erie, and 
 the same year the schooner Illinois entered Chicago Biver, being the 
 first vessel that performed this feat. Before, owing to a bar at the 
 mouth of the river, vessels had to unload outside and handle their 
 cargoes with lighters, but a freshet came, and opened a channel for 
 the admission of this vessel. Considering the "bridge nuisance" of 
 
 Old Saloon Building. 
 
 to-day, there are many who will regret that a vessel was ever found to 
 make the initial passage. 
 
 Chicago now had several taverns, a newspaper, a packing establish- 
 ment, a ferry or two, and a marine list. In religious progress it was 
 not behind. The Jesuits had preached to the Indians in the seven- 
 teenth century ; and in 1833 no less than four of the principal denomi- 
 nations were represented, viz : Catholic, Methodist, Presbyterian and 
 Baptist. 
 
 The year 1836 was a notable one in the history of Chicago. On 
 the 18th of May of that year the first ship built here was launched 
 amidst the rejoicing of the entire population of the village. July 4th 
 of that year was not only the national anniversary, but was the day on 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 19 
 
 which the first sod was turned in the work of excavating the Illinois 
 & Michigan Canal. Such a thing as a railway connection with Chi- 
 cago was not dreamed of at that time, and the future of the city was 
 supposed to depend on the water connection between the lake and the 
 Mississippi Kiver. This year was also the one in which Chicago put 
 off her rural garments, and modestly but hopefully arrayed herself in 
 the garb of a young city. The actual and legal incorporation of the 
 city was not effected until a year later — March 4, 1837, — but in 1836 
 the necessary steps were taken by the people, and at that date, de 
 facto if not de jure, the city of Chicago became a fixed fact. At the 
 first city election William B. Ogden, the Democratic candidate, was 
 elected mayor, his opponent, John H. Kinzie, being the Whig repre- 
 sentative. The entire vote was 706, of which Mr. Ogden received 469, 
 and Mr. Kinzie 237. 
 
 The map of that year gives the boundaries of Chicago as follows : 
 On the south by Twenty-second Street, on the west by Wood Street, on 
 the north by North Avenue and on the east by the lake. This bound- 
 ary included the grounds of the fort and some land along the lake 
 shore extending a half mile north of North Avenue, which were 
 reserved. 
 
 The first meetings of the municipal authorities were held in what 
 was called the Saloon Building, on the southeast corner of Lake and 
 Clark Streets. Five years later the meetings were held in a private 
 building on the corner of LaSalle and Bandolph Streets. The first 
 city hall was constructed in Market Building, a structure erected by 
 the city, and which stood in the center of State Street, with its south 
 front on a line with Kandolph, and extending north toward Lake. The 
 lower floor was a market, and the upper floor was arranged for the uses 
 of the municipality. In 1851 a joint court-house was built by the 
 county and city on Court-House Square, the site of the present city and 
 county buildings, and was used until it was destroyed by the great fire 
 of 1871. 
 
 Chicago grew rapidly after its incorporation as a city, and it was 
 believed by those who had land to sell that in the future it would reach 
 a population of not less than one hundred thousand souls. The year 
 of its incorporation, however, it encountered its first serious obstacle 
 in the financial panic of that and the following year. The demand for 
 real estate fell off very heavily, as may be gathered from the sales of 
 the canal company, which in 1835 w r ere over three hundred and sev- 
 enty thousand acres ; the next year over two hundred and two thou- 
 
20 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 sand, and in 1837 less than sixteen thousand acres. There was an 
 improvement the succeeding year, when the sales mounted up to one 
 hundred and sixty thousand. Many people left the city during the two 
 years referred to, under the conviction that Chicago's day of prosperity 
 was passed, and that it was doomed to extinction as a city. 
 
 Statistics show that from 1832 to 1853 real estate increased in 
 value at a rate which is almost beyond belief. Lots 3 and 4 in block 
 31, for instance, were worth $102 in 1832, and sold for $108,000 
 in 1853. Several lots held by Beaubien and the Kinzies at $346 in 
 1832, were sold in 1853 at $540,000. The rise in general, during 
 this period, was scarcely less on an average than that exhibited in the 
 instances cited. 
 
 The next serious set-back Chicago had after the panic of 1837-38 
 was the flood of 1849, the consequences of which were serious. The 
 inundation occurred in March and was produced by the overflow of the 
 Desplaines River. The South Branch of the Chicago Eiver was filled 
 with ice, which was soon undermined by the flood from the Desplaines. 
 There were many vessels in the river, and these were crushed in the 
 advancing gorge of ice. The pushing mass included everything in its 
 march, and this added to its deadly character. Some forty vessels were 
 utterly destroyed, and the only bridge in the city was annihilated. 
 The damage to the shipping, wharves and city generally was estimated 
 at considerably over a hundred thousand dollars. 
 
 In 1850 Chicago had forty-two miles of railway on the Galena line, 
 which was commenced in 1847. Two years later it was connected 
 with the east by the Michigan Southern Railway, and from that time 
 to the present its progress as a railway center has been without a par- 
 allel in modern civilization. 
 
 An event of considerable importance took place in 1855, when Dr. 
 Levi D. Boone was mayor, having been elected on the Know Nothing 
 ticket. One of his first official acts was to recommend to the common 
 council that the license for saloons be raised from $50 per annum to 
 $300, and that no license be issued for more than three months. This 
 excited great opposition among the liquor sellers and their friends, 
 who banded together to resist the movement. The attempt to collect 
 the new license, and to enforce the Sunday law which had long been a 
 dead letter, led to great excitement, and during the pendency of a trial 
 of one of the offenders, a great crowd gathered on the corner of Ran- 
 dolph and Clark Streets, filling both thoroughfares and totally ob- 
 structing travel. In the afternoon the police and the mob came into 
 
22 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 violent contact. There was a good deal of shooting on both sides, and 
 although the official reports show but one man killed on the side of 
 the rioters, it is believed that several were killed and carried off by 
 their friends, or else died later from wounds received in the melee. 
 A couple of pieces of artillery were brought out and placed in position 
 for service, but the police handled the mob, and dispersed it without 
 great difficulty. 
 
 The greatest event in the history of Chicago was the Great Fire, as 
 it is termed, which broke out on the evening of Oct. 8, 1871. Chicago 
 was at that time a city of wood. For a long time prior to the evening 
 referred to there had been blowing a hot wind from the southwest, 
 which had dried everything to the inflammability of tinder, and it was 
 upon a mass of sun and wind dried wooden structures that the fire 
 
 began its work. It is sup- 
 posed to have originated 
 from the accidental upset- 
 ting of a kerosene lamp in 
 a cow-barn on DeKoven 
 Street, near the corner of 
 Jefferson, on the west side 
 of the river. This region 
 was composed largely of 
 shanties, and the fire spread 
 very rapidly, soon crossing 
 the river to the South Side, 
 and fastening on that portion 
 of the city which contained nearly all the leading business houses, and 
 which was built up very largely with stone and brick. But it seemed 
 to enkindle as if it were tinder. Some buildings were blown up with 
 gunpowder, which, in connection with the strong southwest gale, pre- 
 vented the extension of the flames to the south. The fire swept on 
 Monday steadily to the north, including everything from the lake to the 
 South Branch, and then crossed to the North Side, and, taking in 
 everything from the lake to the North Branch, it burned northward 
 for a distance of three miles, where it died out at the city limits, when 
 there was nothing more to burn. In the midst of this broad area of 
 devastation, on the north side of Washington Square, between Clark 
 Street and Dearborn Avenue, the well-known Ogden House stands 
 amid trees of the ancient forest and surrounded by extensive grounds, 
 the solitary relic of that section of the city before the fiery flood. 
 
 First House Erected in the Burnt District. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 23 
 
 The total area of the land burned over was twenty-one hundred 
 acres. Nearly twenty thousand buildings were consumed; one hun- 
 dred thousand people were rendered homeless ; two hundred lives were 
 lost, and the grand total of values destroyed is e itimated at two hun- 
 dred millions of dollars. Of this vast sum nearly one -half was covered 
 by insurance, but under the tremendous losses many of the insurance 
 companies were forced to the wall, and went into liquidation, and the 
 victims of the conflagration recovered only about forty-four millions, 
 or less than one-half of their insurance, and only about one-fifth of 
 their aggregate loss. Among the buildings which were burned were 
 the court-house, custom-house and postoffice, chamber of commerce, 
 three railway depots, nine daily newspaper offices, thirty-two hotels, 
 ten theaters and halls, eight public schools and some branch school 
 buildings, forty-one churches, five elevators, and all the national 
 banks. 
 
 If the Great Fire was an event without parallel in its dimensions and 
 the magnitude of its dire results, the charity which followed it was 
 equally unrivaled in its extent. Scarcely were the flames under way, 
 and the extent of the destruction foreseen, when efforts for relief 
 seemed to begin spontaneously wherever the telegraph carried the 
 news. All the civilized world appeared to instantly appreciate the 
 calamity. Food, clothing, supplies of every kind, money, messages of 
 affection, sympathy, etc., began pouring in at once in a stream that 
 appeared endless and bottomless. In all, the amount contributed 
 reached over seven millions of dollars ! Nothing so God-like in its 
 grandeur as a practical illustration of human sympathy with misfort- 
 une was ever before or since known in the history of mankind. 
 
 It was believed by many that the fire had forever blotted out Chi- 
 cago from the list of great American cities, but the spirit of her people 
 was undaunted by calamity, and, encouraged by the generous sympathy 
 and help from all quarters, they set to work at once to repair their al- 
 most ruined fortunes, merchants and manufacturers resuming business 
 in private dwellings, or in temporary shanties put up on the sites of their 
 burned houses, as soon as the debris could be cleared away. Kebuild- 
 ing was at once commenced, and, within a year after the fire, more 
 than $40,000,000 were expended in improvements. The city came 
 up from its ruins far more palatial, splendid, strong and imperishable 
 than before. In one sense the fire was a benefit. Its consequence was 
 a class of structures far better, in every essential respect, than before 
 the conflagration. Fire-proof buildings became the rule, the limits of 
 
24 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 wood were carefully restricted, and the value of the reconstructed por- 
 tion immeasurably exceeded that of the city which had been destroyed. 
 The commerce of the city increased by millions of dollars immediately 
 after the fire, and, in fact, a magnificent new city grew up on the ruins 
 of the old, and was, in all respects, iucomparably the superior of the 
 one that had been devoured by the flames. 
 
 In 1857 the grades of the city were at least eight feet below their 
 present level. At that time the city was for many months of the year 
 simply a huge mud hole. It was suggested by some engineering genius 
 that the grades be raised. This met with most violent opposition, 
 but the intent was persevered in, and finally carried into practice. It 
 was contended that it would be impossible to procure the materials for 
 filling, but the end justified the effort, and the streets now up to grade 
 are dry and easily drained ; a system of practical sewerage has taken 
 the place of the drainage ditches and gutters of early Chicago, and in 
 that respect the city stands next to London and Paris. By the process 
 of elevating the grades many buildings were left with their first stories 
 almost hidden by the raised sidewalks and curbing. In some cases the 
 stories thus affected were transformed into basements, and additional 
 stories added above. In other instances the buildings were torn down, 
 but where they were sufficiently valuable to justify the labor and ex- 
 pense, they were raised to the height required, and new foundations 
 built. Entire brick blocks have been thus raised, and even moved 
 laterally, without suffering the least injury. 
 
 Since the fire building operations have been officially supervised, 
 and a high degree of excellence and safety has been reached. The 
 area within which the erection of wooden buildings is forbidden 
 reaches well away in every direction from the business centers, and 
 thus renders impossible any such devastating fire as that of 1871. 
 Not only is the use of wood for walls no longer tolerated, but there 
 has grown up a rivalry among citizens for the construction of fire- 
 proof buildings. Stone and brick are universally employed in walls, 
 but wood, in a great many instances, scarcely enters at all into the 
 composition of the best structures. 
 
 The panic of 1873 affected Chicago very seriously, although the 
 ultimate result was that but little injury was done to legitimate inter- 
 ests. The failures were mainly among real estate speculators. At the 
 beginning of the panic real estate, especially of the unimproved kind, 
 was so high as to be substantially " out of sight." Prices of improved 
 real estate are to-day well up, but in many instances they have not yet 
 
MARQUIS' BAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 25 
 
 reached the altitude which they attained in 1873, nearly a dozen years 
 ago. Some of the results of the panic were beneficial. Improvement 
 was substituted for wild speculation, and residences and business 
 blocks were built on lands that before were unoccupied and held for a 
 rise in prices. 
 
 July 14, 1874, another fire broke out in the heart of the city, and 
 swept over eighteen blocks, consuming 600 houses, and leaving black- 
 ness and ruin in its path. Fortunately the area ravaged by the destruct- 
 ive element was occupied mainly by wooden structures, and the loss 
 was light compared with that of the previous conflagration, aggregating 
 only about $4,000,000. The splendid palaces of trade that had been 
 reared on the ruins of 1871 were nearly all spared in this second 
 visitation. 
 
 Despite the flat surface on which it stands, Chicago is one of the 
 healthiest of the large cities of the country. Its highest death rate of 
 late years was 20.29 per 1,000 of the population in 1875, and its 
 lowest 15.70 in 1878. Compared with the mortality of many other 
 cities, this is remarkable. In New York the rate per thousand per 
 annum averages very closely on 30 ; in Boston from 21 to 25 ; in 
 Philadelphia from 20 to 26 ; and in many of the great European cities 
 from 25 to 45 per thousand. The winds from the southwest and those 
 from the lake sweep alternately over the city, and constantly purify 
 the atmosphere. The purity of the water, which is brought from a 
 point two miles out in the lake, is also a potent factor i:i the reduction 
 of the rate of mortality, and the sewerage system, which is much 
 better than that in average use, is not without its effect in the same 
 direction. The cholera made a visit to Chicago in 1866, but unlike its 
 predecessor in 1852, it found its ravages checked by preventive sani- 
 tation. At present the sanitary condition of the city is such that epi- 
 demics of any kind are not regarded as among the probabilities. 
 
 The great labor riots of 1877, which originated in Pittsburg, ex- 
 tended to all important cities in the country, the agitation here lasting 
 three or four days. The militia were called out, but their services 
 were not required, except as guards of certain private property and 
 public buildings that were threatened, the local police being equal to 
 all the demands of the occasion. The number of killed and wounded 
 was less than a score. Considering its extent and the heterogeneous 
 character of its population, Chicago is one of the most orderly of 
 modern cities. 
 
 On account of its lake breezes, enormous railway facilities and nu- 
 
26 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 merous and unequaled hotels, Chicago has long been a favorite place for 
 summer conventions. For this purpose it possesses a special advan- 
 tage in having, in the main hall of the exposition building, the largest 
 place of assembly in the country, if not in the world. The convention 
 which nominated Lincoln in 1860 met in Chicago, as did the national 
 Democratic Convention of 1864, which nominated McClellan. Gar- 
 field was nominated here in 1880. Blaine was nominated in the Ke- 
 publican Convention held in Exposition Hall in June, 1884, and 
 two weeks later Cleveland was nominated by the national Democratic 
 Convention held in the same place. Many of the denominational 
 conventions have made the city their place of meeting ; and in 
 the case of no national assemblage, political, religious, social or 
 otherwise, has there ever been found any difficulty in caring for all who 
 came, irrespective of numbers, and without inconvenience to other 
 transient visitors, either as to hall or private entertainment. 
 
 The marvelous growth of Chicago in population, and the equally 
 rapid expansion of the business interests of the city, have attracted 
 universal attention and been the theme of admiring comment on the 
 lips of all the world. Rising from seventy inhabitants in 1830 to 
 3,820 in 1836, and over 4,000 in 1837, when the town was organized 
 as a city, the first three years of its existence in that more dignified 
 capacity do not seem to have added much to its numbers, the census of 
 1840 showing only 4,853 inhabitants. From this time on the growth 
 was rapid, the population increasing seven-fold in the next ten years, 
 and numbering 29,963 in 1850. In 1860 it was 112,172 ; 298.977 
 in 1870 ; 503,185 in 1880, and in 1884 it was estimated on a fair basis 
 of calculation at 650,000, of which 50,000 represents the increase dur- 
 ing the previous years. 
 
 The material wealth of the city has kept pace with the population. 
 Starting with a taxable valuation in 1837 of $236,842, which fell off 
 in consequence of a panic to something over $94,000 in 1839-40. 
 and made an astounding jump from $151,342 in 1842 to $1,441,314 
 in 1843, again doubling itself the succeeding year, the increase has 
 since been rapid and steady. The total valuation was $7,220,249 in 
 1850; $37,053,512 in 1860, and $275,986,550 in 1870. In Oc- 
 tober, 1871, the great fire consumed $200,000,000 of property, yet 
 notwithstanding this enormous loss the taxable valuation in May, 1872, 
 only a few months after the fire, was $284,197,430, and it rose in the 
 next two years to $303,705,140. Then the legislature passed a law 
 transferring the duty of assessing and levying taxes to the county 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 27 
 
 authorities, their valuations being subject to revision by the State 
 Board of Equalization. The result was a contest between the counties 
 in the reduction of their tax lists, and the total valuation, in Chicago, 
 in 1875, was cut down to only $173,704,246, or something over one- 
 half that of the preceding year. In 1880 the total taxable valuation 
 was only $117,133,643, or less than one-half that of the year after the 
 losses of 1871, although the actual values had been multiplied by im- 
 provements. In 1883 the figures were $133,230,504. The revenues 
 of the city were further restricted in 1879 by a law prohibiting the 
 levy for municipal purposes from being raised above two per cent, on 
 the valuation. The tax-rate for all purposes is $3.41 on the $100, but 
 as that, figure is considerably less than two per cent on the actual value 
 of property, one result of the present system is to give Chicago, which 
 really enjoys a very light taxation compared with other cities, a most 
 undesirable advertisement as a heavily tax-burdened city. 
 
 The bonded indebtedness is $12,751,500, having undergone a 
 gradual reduction from $14,103,000 in 1871, when it reached the 
 highest point ever attained. 
 
 The number of buildings erected in 1883 was 4,086, and their esti- 
 mated cost was $22,162,610. The building operations the current 
 year promise to be of increased magnitude and interest. 
 
 All the great industrial, commercial and financial lines of enterprise 
 exhibit a growth proportionate to the remarkable increase of the pop- 
 ulation, until, as has been well said, the people themselves look with 
 wonder on the magnitude of the various interests that have grown up 
 under their efforts. Among the most extensive lines of business are 
 the handling and manufacture of food products, in all branches of which 
 there is an immense traffic. The receipts of cattle for the year 1882- 
 83 were 1,878,944, and the shipments 966.758. The receipts of 
 hogs for the same year were 5,697,163, and the shipments 1,363,759. 
 The number of cattle packed was 697,033, and the number of hogs 
 4,222,780. The total receipts of flour and grain, the former being 
 represented by its equivalent in wheat, amounted to 164,924,732 
 bushels. The receipts of lumber were 3,587,634,000 feet, and of 
 shingles 2,288,949,000. From the above figures it will be seen that 
 Chicago is the greatest market in the world for lumber and shingles, 
 grain, and hogs and cattle, besides being the greatest packing center 
 for the latter products. 
 
 In manufactures the demands of the trade with tributary regions 
 have caused a constant addition to the list of products and a steady 
 
28 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 increase of facilities, until Chicago has become one of the leading 
 manufacturing cities of the country. The United States census of 
 1880 makes the following exhibit of the industrial interests of the 
 city: Number of establishments, 3,519; capital invested, $68,836,- 
 885; hands employed, 62,431 men, 12,185 women, 4,798 children ; 
 annual wages, $34,653,462; value of materials used, $179,209,610; 
 value of products, $349,022,948. The capital invested in slaughter- 
 ing and meat packing is stated at nearly eight and one -half millions of 
 dollars ; in clothing, nearly six and one-half millions ; in foundry and 
 machine shop products, nearly four and one-half millions ; in iron and 
 steel production, nearly four millions ; in brewing, over three and one- 
 fourth millions ; in agricultural implements, over three millions ; in 
 printing and publishing, nearly three millions ; in furniture, nearly 
 two and one -half millions ; tanning, nearly two millions ; carriages 
 and wagons, over one and one-fourth millions ; soap and candles, over 
 one and one- fourth millions ; sash, doors and blinds, nearly one and 
 one-fourth millions ; distilling, over one million. These statistics are, 
 of course, only approximate, and for obvious reasons rather under- 
 state the facts ; but since the date to which they relate, the interests 
 they represent have grown rapidly, facilities being largely increased in 
 all branches, and operations being correspondingly expanded so that 
 it would be quite within the mark to add at least 50 per cent to the 
 figures as given. 
 
'©he ^horoiujhfareg. 
 
 THE STREETS, AVENUES, BRIDGES, TUNNELS, SEWERS AND 
 STREET RAILROADS. 
 
 THE facilities provided by public and private enterprise for the con- 
 venience of intermnral transit compare favorably with those of 
 other great cities. 
 
 The Streets and Avenues of Chicago originated in a road run- 
 ning from the town in a southwesterly direction, and branching after 
 a short distance into two roads, one known in those days as the 
 " Trail to the East," and the other as " Hubbard's Trail to Danville," 
 •or, farther out on the prairie, the " Koad to Widow Brown's." 
 
 The plank-road was subsequently a feature in the history of the 
 city. The first built was in 1848, and was known as the Southwest- 
 ern ; then came the Northwestern ; next the Western ; after which 
 were the Southern, the Blue Island, and the Lake Shore. All of these 
 were not only regarded as enterprises of great magnitude at the time, 
 but were of material benefit in assisting the development of the 
 city. It was believed by many at the time of their construction, and 
 so urged in at least one of the public prints, that plank roads were of 
 far more value to the city than railways. Indeed, there were those 
 who urged that railways be kept out of the city, and the conveyance 
 of passengers and the transportation of produce and goods be limited 
 to plank roads. One writer says that on the plank roads, passengers 
 are conveyed at the rate of ten miles an hour, which is as fast as they 
 are taken on the Michigan Central Railway, and with ten times the 
 safety. It was urged by this class of reasoners that the railways would 
 take away all the profits of transportation, while, if the work were 
 done by teams, the money would come to Chicago. 
 
 Originally the streets were simply mud roads, and during portions 
 of the year were next to impassable, the worst places being planked 
 when absolutely necessary. There was not much attempt at the con- 
 struction of improved roadways until about 1864, at which time the 
 
 The raising of the grade of the streets has been noted in the opening chap- 
 ter, on page 24. 
 
30 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 " Nicholson " was laid down on Lake Street. From that time wooden 
 pavement had a run, and in fact is yet in use on many of the principal 
 streets. Within the past two or three years, in the business portion of 
 the city, granite has been largely used. Macadam is used on the bou- 
 levards, and on some of the streets, notably Ashland Avenue and 
 Jackson Street ; the material, outside of the business portions, being 
 largely wood. The wood now in use is mainly cedar blocks, which, 
 with the improved method of laying them, are giving very satisfactory 
 results. Asphalt has been used to some extent, but has not given 
 entire satisfaction, and seems likely to be wholly abandoned. When 
 completed, the paving system of Chicago, as now in use, will render it 
 one of the best paved cities in the world. The entire length of the 
 streets of the city is 650 miles. The length of the paved streets is 
 about 200 miles. 
 
 The names of the principal streets generally indicate their origin. 
 Many of them are named for the Presidents and others who were 
 prominent in the nation or state ; the names of people more or less 
 conspicuously connected with the history of the city, of the surround- 
 ing states, and other equally obvious sources, contributed to the no- 
 menclature. The names of the Presidents and leading statesmen of 
 the country will be readily recognized. Clark Street was christened in 
 honor of Gen. George Eogers Clark, of Kentucky, who acquired mili- 
 tary fame in the early contests with the French and Indians. Fifth 
 Avenue was originally named in honor of Capt. Wells, who was one of 
 the victims of the Indian massacre in 1812, and that portion of the 
 street which lies in the North Division still retains the name. Ann 
 Street was named after a daughter of the venerable Philo Carpenter ; 
 Augusta after another daughter ; and so on of many other names of 
 women. In this respect Chicago has shown no lack of gallantry. 
 
 The city is laid out in rectangular lines, with the exception of 
 several streets which were constructed on the routes of the old plank 
 roads, and which consequently radiate to the northwest and southwest. 
 The principal business Streets of the city lie on the South Side, where 
 are congregated within a space of about ten blocks square nearly all 
 the wholesale business of the city, and a large proportion of the retail 
 trade. This area contains the palatial business houses, hotels and 
 public buildings whose magnitude and architectural beauty have 
 added so largely to the fame of Chicago. South Water Street, which 
 lies next to and parallel with the main river, is largely devoted to the 
 produce commission business. It is always almost impassable from the 
 
Michigan Avenue, Corner Jackson Street — Pullman Building. 
 
32 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 number of trucks, vans and carts which throng it and the boxes of 
 produce which encumber its sidewalks. Here are brought and dis- 
 tributed daily the various products of the market garden, orchard, 
 . field and stream. 
 
 State Street is the great shopping street of the city, and on any fair 
 afternoon it can be seen thronged with pedestrians and carriages, and 
 presenting a scene of gayety, wealth and beauty such as is paralleled 
 only on Eegent Street, London, or some of the more notable boule- 
 vards in Paris. It was originally much narroAver and was widened to 
 its present handsome and attractive proportions by moving the houses 
 back along a stretch of three miles. Michigan Avenue, Wabash Avenue 
 and State Street, near the river, are all given up to wholesale houses. 
 Michigan Avenue, a few blocks from the river, loses its identity in 
 Michigan Avenue Boulevard (see chapter on "Parks and Boule- 
 vards"), the entire extension of which is a favorite residence street, 
 as are also Prairie, Calumet, Indiana and other avenues, containing 
 residences which are palaces in their cost and architectural design 
 and finish. State Street is traversed by the cable line of cars as far 
 south as Thirty-ninth Street. Twenty-second Street, running east and 
 west, and more than two miles from the City Hall, is for a dozen blocks 
 nearest the lake a busy, business thoroughfare. It has a bank and 
 many pretentious retail stores. Archer Avenue, branching from State 
 Street, between Nineteenth and Twentieth Streets, takes a southwest- 
 erly direction, crosses a branch of the Chicago Kiver,and extends be- 
 yond the city limits. It has horse cars, and resembles in the character 
 of its buildings, shops, people, etc., Blue Island and Milwaukee Ave- 
 nues, on the West Side. Wabash Avenue is traversed by a cable line 
 of cars from Madison Street south to Twenty-second Street. , At 
 Twenty-second Street the cable car line runs east to Cottage Grove 
 Avenue, which it follows in its southeasterly direction parallel with, 
 and about two squares west of the lake shore, to the junction of Drexel 
 and Oakwood Boulevards, four and a half miles from the City Hall. 
 Cottage Grove Avenue is devoted principally to business purposes. 
 
 Madison Street is the great east and west thoroughfare of Chicago. 
 The eastern portion, or East Madison Street, in the South Division, is 
 splendidly paved, and is flanked on either side with wholesale and 
 retail establishments. 
 
 West Madison Street is the principal retail street of the West Side. 
 The street extends westward from the lake, passing in its course Gar- 
 field Park and the Chicago Driving Park, and is finally lost in an unim- 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 33 
 
 proved roadway in the open prairie, at a distance of over five miles. 
 It is traversed by horse cars its total improved length. Kandolph and 
 Lake are the other leading parallel business streets of the West Division. 
 Both have street car lines. Ogden Avenne, beginning in Union Park, 
 takes a south westerly direction, curving westwardly in its course, 
 passes Douglas Park, and ends at Twenty-second Street, near the city 
 limits. It long retained the. appearance of a country road, being till 
 recently unimproved and sparsely settled. A cedar pavement has just 
 been put down, and stores and shops are rapidly appearing all along 
 its line, and it is fast assuming a metropolitan air. It has horse cars, 
 and in time will be a busy business thoroughfare. 
 
 The intervening streets between the river and Halsted Street are 
 largely occupied by manufactories. In this section are found nearly 
 all the great machinery, steam-engine, boiler and kindred iron-work- 
 ing concarns. Halsted Street is reached some five squares west of the 
 Madison Street crossing of the river, and is the leading north and 
 south thoroughfare of the West Side. It extends, in an almost straight 
 Jine, entirely across the city. Its southern half is traversed by street 
 cars direct to and from the Union Stock Yards, and is given up almost 
 wholly to retail trade, by Irish, G-erman and other foreign elements. 
 The buildings after a few squares are principally wooden structures 
 that escaped the great fire. They present a quaint and dingy appear- 
 ance. Blue Island Avenue branches from Halsted Street, at the 
 latter's junction with West Harrison Street, in a southwesterly direc- 
 tion to the great lumber district. The buildings with which it is 
 densely lined are generally the poorest class of wooden structures in 
 the city. The dingy-looking shops are kept by Irish and Germans of 
 the lower classes, with here aud there a Swede or Norwegian. 
 
 Milwaukee Avenue is distinctly the German business thoroughfare. 
 It is lined with retail shops of every description, markets, saloons, etc. 
 Many of the buildings are wooden ante-fire structures, and are as de- 
 cidedly foreign in appearance as are their occupants. Beginning at 
 the river and Lake Street, Milwaukee Avenue extends in a northwest- 
 erly direction away beyond the city limits, where it is merged in a 
 country road in the open prairie. 
 
 Washington Boulevard is the leading residence street of the West 
 Side. It belongs to the great boulevard system of the city, and has 
 been referred to in the chapter on "Parks and Boulevards." West 
 Monroe, Adams and Jackson, parallel with and south of Madison 
 Street, are also popular residence streets, save a few squares occupied 
 3 
 
34 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 by business and manufacturing establishments near the river. They 
 are flanked by fine dwellings, churches, and lines of shade trees, inter- 
 spersed here and there with little gems of parks of the brightest 
 description. Ashland Avenue, running north and south, is splendidly 
 paved and contains some of the handsomest houses on the West Side. 
 
 On the North Side, Clark Street is the leading business street, being 
 occupied mainly by the smaller retail stores. It extends northward 
 beyond Lincoln Park, and is a great thoroughfare. The streets lying 
 near and parallel with the river are largely used by manufacturing 
 establishments, and commission houses engaged in handling hides, 
 leather, wool, etc. The preferred residence streets are LaSalle and 
 Dearborn Avenues, Rush, State and Pine Streets, some of the resi- 
 dences being very elegant and artistic in architectural and other orna- 
 mentation. Chicago Avenue, from North Clark Street west to the river ; 
 Division Street, from North Clark to Clybourne Avenue ; Clybourne Ave- 
 nue, which here has its beginning and extends in a northwesterly 
 direction to the city limits ; and Larrabee Street, running north and 
 south, are all business thoroughfares. They traverse a section of the 
 city inhabited almost wholly by a foreign population — Scandinavian, 
 German, etc. 
 
 The residences on the streets referred to as residence streets are 
 generally built of superior materials. Red pressed brick is much used, 
 but stone is the favorite. Of the latter there are many kinds, all vary- 
 ing in color, so that there is nowhere any sameness in the character of 
 the coloring. There is equal diversity in the forms of the houses, 
 there being but very little block building, each house, as a rule, being 
 wholly independent in material, size, form and decoration. Joliet 
 limestone, which is milky white at first, and after exposure becomes a 
 rich, soft cream -color, is in large demand. The deep, rich brown of a 
 sandstone from Lake Superior is also much used ; there is also the 
 close-grained dark gray of the Buena Vista quarries, and a dozen other 
 kinds of material, including the cheerful cream-colored pressed brick 
 of Milwaukee, all of which afford infinite variety of pleasing effects. 
 The churches are generally constructed of rough-dressed limestone of 
 a dark-grey, which; is a color eminently in harmony with their purpose. 
 The winds blowing alternately from the lake and from the land are 
 sufficient to keep the city free from smoke, with the result that these 
 richly-colored building materials are rarely obscured by stains, and 
 the streets present always the striking effects flowing from the warm, 
 fcright, sympathetic colors. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 35 
 
 The Bridges of Chicago are interesting, and many of them are 
 important, features of its system of highways. Under the latter head 
 must be classed the bridges over the Chicago River and its branches. 
 These bridges, thirty-six. in number, are built and owned by the city, 
 being regarded equally with the streets as a public work, furnishing 
 necessary convenience of transit between the divisions. It has been 
 jocularly said that the first bridge was a ferry, and it must be acknowl- 
 edged that a number of the early devices to facilitate passage over the 
 stream were a sort of cross between a ferry boat and a bridge. The first 
 structure of this kind was a log float stretched across the river after the 
 manner of a pontoon bridge, from which the idea was probably derived. 
 Other bridges of the kind followed, and in some of them an improve- 
 ment was introduced, the bridge being hinged on a pivot at one end, 
 and a rope attached to the opposite end was used by means of a capstan 
 and levers, to pull the float around, out of the way of passing vessels. 
 A further improvement on these clumsy efforts at a drawbridge was 
 made in tlie bridge erected over the river at the Dearborn Street cross- 
 ing in 1834. This was the first drawbridge built in Chicago. The cen- 
 ter span was made in two sections, hinged at the piers and meeting like 
 an arch over the middle passage. The bridge was drawn by breaking 
 the arch upward with a combination of ropes and pulleys, which lifted 
 the meeting ends of the sections and made a space between them 
 through which vessels passed. This structure so utterly failed to meet 
 popular expectations that it was unanimously voted a nuisance, and 
 when its removal was ordered, the citizens gathered and carried the 
 order into effect by chopping the bridge down with axes. It was diffi- 
 cult to plan a structure that would meet the demand for convenient 
 transit on the one hand, and for unobstructed navigation of the river 
 on the other and, indeed, the satisfactory solution of that problem has 
 not yet been practically accomplished. A nearer approach to it than 
 was reached in any previous effort, was made in the construction of the 
 first iron bridge in Chicago, at Rush Street, in 1856 ; but a number of 
 cattle that happened to be on it when it was turned to allow a vessel to 
 pass, crowded to one end or side and overturned it. The jealousies 
 between the divisions, which had greatly interfered with the progress 
 of these important public improvements, and the slow process of pri- 
 vate subscription for their erection, were rapidly giving way to the 
 growing needs of the situation, and in 1857 the city took hold of the 
 matter and erected a bridge over the South Branch at Madison Street. 
 This was the first bridge built, entirely at the expense of the munici- 
 
36 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 pality, and it was the inauguration of a municipal policy that has re- 
 sulted in the construction of a valuable iron bridge, swinging on a 
 central pier, at every alternate street reaching the river or either of its 
 branches, in the business portion of the city. The latest and best of 
 these structures is the new double roadway bridge at Bush Street— the 
 only one of the kind in the city, and the largest swing bridge in the 
 world. It is operated by steam and lighted by electricity, and was 
 built at a cost of $130,000. At its formal opening, August 7, 1884, it 
 bore a test weight of about 375 tons. For a time the present bridge 
 system was comparatively satisfactory, but the city has outgrown it, and 
 there is now a strong and growing demand for some plan by which 
 transit can be effected without being subject to the frequent annoying 
 delays caused by the necessity of opening the bridges for vessels, and 
 the accidents that result from that operation. 
 
 The Tunnels under Chicago Biver, two in number, one at LaSalle 
 
 Street, connecting the 
 South Side with the 
 North Side, and the 
 other at Washington 
 Street, connecting the 
 West Side with the 
 South Side, ^*ere con- 
 structed with the view 
 of supplying more 
 convenient passage 
 than the bridges af- 
 forded. The Washing- 
 ton Street Tunnel was 
 the first one construct- 
 ed, and was finished 
 and formally opened 
 to the public Jan. 1, 
 1869, at a cost of 
 $512,707.57. TheLa 
 Salle Street Tunnel 
 was completed and 
 opened July 1, 1871, 
 at a total cost of $566,276.48. It has some improvements in arrange- 
 ment and construction suggested by experience with the Washington 
 Street passage. The total length of the latter is 1,608 feet, and of 
 
 LaSalle Street Tunnel. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 37 
 
 the LaSalle Street Tunnel 1,854 Jeet. Eacli has a double driveway 
 and a separate foot-way on one side, which is reached by stairs. The 
 tunnels are wide, lofty, well lighted and ventilated, and each is fairly 
 drained by means of a sub-tunnel five feet in diameter, which is con- 
 nected with a steam pump at one end. 
 
 The Sewerage System of Chicago is extensive, well arranged and 
 efficient, despite the engineering difficulties in securing satisfactory 
 drainage of a level area so slightly elevated above the waters of the 
 river and lake. Brick or pipe is used for sewers, according to the 
 character of drainage required. The total length of sewers of both 
 kinds is about 400 miles, laid at a total cost of nearly six and a quarter 
 millions of dollars, or an average of $15,493.58 per mile. They are 
 kept clean and in repair at an average annual cost of $107.65 per 
 mile. There are about 13,000 catch-basins and 15,000 man-hole 
 chambers connected with the system. During the' year 1883 about 
 fourteen and a quarter miles of sewers were laid, and 835 catch-basins 
 and 497 man-hole chambers constructed, at a total cost of $232,084.- 
 33. The advantages of this important agent of cleanliness and sani- 
 tation are very evenly distributed among the three divisions of the 
 city, according to their needs. 
 
 The Street Railways of Chicago all start from the business cen- 
 ter of the city, and radiate to all sections promising traffic sufficient to 
 maintain the lines in operation, thus giving the greatest public accom- 
 modation consistent with a reasonable care for the capital invested in 
 such enterprises. The fare is universally five cents. The number of 
 cars and the time-tables are arranged with due regard for public con- 
 venience. The first street railway in the city was laid along State 
 Street, and was commenced in the fall of 1858. From that beginning 
 the service grew rapidly to its present proportions. The railways are 
 operated by three companies, representing three systems, which cor- 
 respond with the divisions of the city. The oldest of these com- 
 panies is. 
 
 The Chicago City Railway Company whose lines constitute the 
 railway system of the South Side. This company has within the past 
 two years largely substituted the cable plan of traction in the place 
 of horses, and although there have been some difficulties and dangers 
 attending its use, they have been largely overcome, and the success of 
 the plan may be considered established. These lines alone now have 
 an aggregate length of twenty miles, employ 100 ''grip-cars," which 
 do the work of 2,500 horses, and run an average of nine miles per 
 
38 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 hour, conveying 100,000 passengers daily. The total number of miles^ 
 of track is seventy-seven ; number of cars, 400 ; average distance 
 traversed daily, 25,000 miles ; average number of passengers carried 
 daily, 120,000 ; number of horses, 1,200. The powerful engines 
 which operate the cable system are located at the corner of State and 
 Twenty-first Streets. 
 
 The North Chicago City Railway Company operates the North Side 
 system of street railways. It was organized in 1859, and commenced 
 running its cars on North Clark Street and Chicago Avenue in August, 
 1859. The capital stock of the company is $500,000 ; number of 
 mile3 of track, thirty-four ; total number of cars owned, 251 ; num- 
 ber of horses, 1,530; average distance traversed daily, 9,600 miles; 
 average number of passengers carried daily, 60,000. 
 
 The Chicago "West Division Railway Company was incorpo- 
 rated in 1863, succeeding to the franchises held by the Chicago 
 City Railway Company on the West Side, and now operates the 
 lines in that division. The capital stock of the company is $1,250,- 
 000 ; number of miles of track, ninety-seven ; total number of cars 
 owned, 634 ; number of horses, 3,375 ; average distance traversed 
 daily, 21,620 miles. 
 
THE RAILROADS, LAKE MICHIGAN, CHICAGO RIVER, AND 
 THE CANAL. 
 
 THE transportation facilities of Chicago are the most complete and 
 extensive of any inland city in the world. 
 The Railroads are so intimately connected with the growth of the 
 city that the history of one is practically the chronicle of the other-. 
 When Chicago first forged her way into the notice of the world, and 
 began to foreshadow her present majesty, the railroad was a new 
 thing, scarcely emerged from the shadows of uncertain experiment. 
 Faith in it was far from general, and the cost of construction, equip- 
 ment and operation was appalling to a new country rich only in the 
 gifts of nature and in indomitable energy. Moreover, there was deep- 
 seated prejudice in favor of water ways. In all the world there were 
 not as many miles of railroad as Illinois now boasts. But destiny had 
 marked out for the city a meteor course to empire, and she was early 
 alive to the necessity for avenues for her commerce. Vast realms rich in 
 all the treasures of nature lay at her feet, inviting conquest and inspir- 
 ing enterprise. With the necessity came the men whose energy laid the 
 basis for that magnificent system of iron roadways to which is chiefly 
 due the marvelous development of the west, and the northwest, and 
 the greatness of the city. Before the close of the third decade of the 
 present century, the practical advantages of railroads had begun to 
 excite discussion in the city, and in January, 1831, a commission was 
 appointed to investigate the relative value of a canal and railroad 
 between the Chicago and Des Plaines Rivers. A multiplicity of schemes 
 sprung up over the state, more or less connected with Chicago. The 
 question of a road to be operated in conjunction with the Illinois & 
 Michigan Canal was agitated, and a bill to charter such a road, under 
 the title of the Illinois Central Railroad, was introduced into the state 
 senate by Lieut- Gov. Jenkins, in 1832, but died in its incipiency. 
 Many other enterprises were projected, but lay dormant. In 1835 a 
 public letter from Sidney Breese, then circuit judge and afterward 
 United States senator, revived the agitation of the Illinois Central 
 
40 MARQUIS" HAtfD-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 scheme. Meanwhile the city was pushing her way to the south and 
 the Avest, on pap^r at least. The first road chartered out of Chicago 
 was the Galena & Chicago Union, now a part of the Northwestern sys- 
 tem. It was incorporated Jan. 16, 1837, with an authorized capi- 
 tal of $100,000, and permission to increase the same to $1,000,000, 
 and the charter contemplated propulsion "by steam or animal power." 
 Three years were allowed in which to begin work. The survey was 
 begun in 1837, but the financial panic of that year caused the collapse 
 of the enterprise, and it was not resumed until ten years later. By an 
 act of the state legislature, Feb. 27, 1837, the state undertook the 
 construction of 1,340 miles of railroad and the Illinois & Michigan 
 Canal. Work was begun at once in many quarters, but the magnitude 
 of the undertaking crushed it, and gave a blow which retarded prog- 
 ress in that direction for several years. In 1847 the work of con- 
 structing the Galena road was begun. On the 10th of October the 
 first engine ever run out of Chicago, named the "Pioneer," arrived via 
 brig " Buffalo," and was put to work on the part of the road then com- 
 plete. This engine is still in existence. Nov. 20, 1848, the first wheat 
 ever brought to the city by rail was received. In 1852 this road was 
 completed to Elgin, forty-two miles, being laid with strap rails. The 
 Illinois Central was chartered Jan. 18, 1836, but the enterprise col- 
 lapsed, and was not revived till 1850, when the present charter was 
 granted. The incipient stages of railroad building were now past. 
 Capital, heretofore cautious to timidity, eagerly sought investment in 
 this direction, and henceforward roads were to seek the city, not the 
 city the roads. The first great east and west line to enter the city 
 was the Michigan Southern & Indiana Northern, now the Lake Shore 
 & Michigan Southern, Feb. 20, 1852. Just three months later the 
 Michigan Central was opened. This was followed by the Chicago & 
 Northwestern ; the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy ; the Chicago, Kock 
 Island & Pacific ; the Pittsburg, Ft. Wayne & Chicago, and the various 
 other lines making up the grand system. On the first day of February, 
 1854, 1.785 miles of road terminated in the city. The total mileage 
 of the systems centering here now is about 32,285 miles. 
 
 The marvel of this system is the magnitude of the lines comprising 
 it, and the immense mileage controlled. Sweeping across the continent, 
 they give access to all the ports of both oceans, stretch southward to 
 the harbors of the Gulf, and, disregarding the boundaries of nations, 
 penetrate to the centers of Canada and the Mexican Republic. The 
 suburban systems of trains operated by these roads have created 
 
MARQUIS' BAtfD-&0OK OF CHICAGO. 41 
 
 a cordon of flourishing suburban towns around the city. During 1883 
 the average number of regular daily trains arriving were : Passenger, 
 123 ; suburban, 77 ; freight, 141 ; departing : Passenger, 122 ; sub- 
 urban, 78, and freight, 124 ; total, 665. To these must be added a 
 large number of irregular trains which, together with the natural 
 increase, and the further increase due to the establishment of new 
 lines, w r ill doubtless swell the present aggregate arrivals and departures 
 to fully 850. A peculiar feature of the railroad system of the city is 
 the number of competing lines reaching to all important points, and 
 producing a healthy rivalry, wiiich inures to her benefit in cheap and 
 abundant facilities for transportation. It is a notable fact, also, that 
 while her sister cities have subscribed enormous sums toward their 
 highways, Chicago, in her corporate capacity, has never given one 
 dollar of aid, lent her credit, or taken a share of stock in any of the 
 multitude of enterprises of this kind associated with her history. 
 
 The Chicago & North-western Railway Company operates 5,646 
 miles of roadway, tapping the chief centers and rich agricultural 
 regions of Illinois, Wisconsin, northern Michigan, Minnesota, Iowa, 
 Dakota and Nebraska, forming one of the principal commercial high- 
 ways of the west. Its chief termini are Chicago at the east, Council 
 Bluffs at the west, Pierre, Dakota, and St. Paul and Minneapolis at the 
 northwest and Ishpenning at the north. It was organized June 7, 
 1859, by the creditors of the Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac Railroad, 
 who had succeeded to that property by foreclosure. The line then 
 reached from Chicago north ninety- one miles to Janes ville, and from 
 Fond du Lac south twenty-eight and one-half miles. The Chicago, St. 
 Paul & Fond du Lac Company grew out of a consolidation March 30, 
 1855, of the Illinois & Wisconsin and the Rock River Valley Compa- 
 nies, chartered respectively in Illinois and Wisconsin early in 1851. 
 The policy of the new company was vigorous from the start. Before 
 the close of 1859 through trains were running from Chicago to Fond 
 du Lac, and an era of extension and absorption was inaugurated which 
 has culminated in the present gigantic system. In 1882 the various 
 companies whose lines had been absorbed were merged into the Chi- 
 cago & Northwestern Company by formal proceedings. Since that time 
 the Northwestern has acquired control of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minne- 
 apolis & Omaha Railway by the purchase of 147,000 shares of its stock, 
 and of the Sioux City & Pacific Railway by purchase. The system is 
 divided into five principal divisions or lines. Skirting the shores of 
 Lake Michigan, the first of these penetrates, via Milwaukee, the Michi- 
 
42 MARQUIS' HAttD-HOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 gan peninsula. The second, passing more to the northwest, sweeps 
 away through Madison, Beloit, and on to Minneapolis and St. Paul. 
 Diverging from this line at Elroy, a third grand division takes a west- 
 erly course, crosses the Mississippi River at Winona, traverses Minne- 
 sota, and halts at Pierre, Dakota. The fourth line leaves Chicago, heads 
 due west, crosses Illinois and Iowa, and terminates at Council Bluffs; 
 and the fifth, leaving this line at Tama, 134 miles beyond the Missis- 
 sippi-, sweeps northward into Dakota. The equipment of the road 
 includes 593 engines and 19,867 freight and passenger cars. The 
 passenger station of the company at the southwest corner of Wells and 
 Kinzie Streets is a massive structure of red pressed brick, with cut 
 stone trimmings, in an attractive style of architecture. Adjoining on 
 the south, and on North State, West Kinzie and at the corner of Canal 
 and Sixteenth Streets, are located the freight depots. The general 
 office is at 56 Kinzie Street. The principal ticket offices are at the 
 depot and at 62 Clark Street. 
 
 The Michigan Central Railroad is the great central highway of 
 Michigan, through which it ramifies in every direction, and brings 
 tributary to Chicago the vast and fertile region bordered by the great 
 lakes — Michigan, Erie and Huron. It is also a great thoroughfare to 
 the east, especially favored by summer tourists because of its magnifi- 
 cent scenery and cool atmosphere. The construction of the main line, 
 which runs from Detroit to Kensington, HI., 270 miles, was begun in 
 1836 by the Detroit & St. Joseph Railroad Company, chartered June 
 29, 1832. April 22, 1837, that company disposed of its property and 
 franchises to the state of Michigan, and under the auspices of the 
 state the road was opened from Detroit to Ypsilanti, thirty miles, Feb. 
 3, 1838 ; to Ann Arbor, eight miles, Oct. 17, 1839, and in similar 
 small sections annually to Kalamazoo, 144 miles, Feb. 2, 1846, when 
 the legislature refused further appropriations for the work. In this 
 year the present company was chartered and purchased the road, tak- 
 ing possession September 24th. The price paid was $2,000,000, 
 entailing a loss of $500,000 to the state. In May, 1852, the line was 
 finished to Kensington. From this point it enters Chicago, fourteen 
 miles distant, via the Illinois Central track, over which it holds a lease, 
 and uses as a passenger station the depot owned jointly with that road 
 at the foot of Lake Street, the freight depots being located at the foot 
 of South Water Street. The following are the lines operated by the 
 company, including the Canada Southern and other leased roads : 
 Chicago to Niagara Falls and Buffalo, 512.9 miles ; Lake to Joliet, 45 ; 
 
MARQUIS' HANb-BOOK Otf CHICAGO. 43 
 
 Niles to Jackson, 103.4; Niles to South Bend, 11.1; Kalamazoo to 
 South Haven, 39.5 ; Jackson to Grand Kapids, 93.9 ; Jackson to Bay 
 City, 114.2 ; Bay City to Mackinac City, 182 ; Beaver Lake to Sage's 
 Lake, 8 ; Pinconning to Bowen's Branch, 35 ; Detroit to Bay City, 109; 
 Vassar to Saginaw City, 22.3; Lapeer to Five Lakes, 8.5; Vassar to 
 Caro, 13; Detroit to Toledo, 59.3; Essex Center to Amherstburg, 
 15.7; Air Line Crossing to Courtright, 62.6; (Michigan, Midland and 
 Canada Railway) St. Clair to Bidgeway, 15 ; Petrolea Branch, 5 ; Niag- 
 ara Junction to Niagara, 27.7 ; Welland to Buffalo, 23 ; total, 1,506.1 
 miles. The line now crosses the Niagara Eiver on its new cantilever 
 bridge, just below the falls. The equipment of rolling stock comprises 
 396 locomotives and 11,362 cars of all kinds. The general offices are 
 at Detroit. The Chicago offices are at 183 Dearborn Street. 
 
 The Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway was begun by the 
 state of Michigan with the purpose of building a line" through its 
 southern tier of counties, connecting Monroe on Lake Erie with New 
 Buffalo on Lake Michigan. Eighteen miles laid with strap rails were 
 completed from Monroe to Petersburg in 1839, extended to Adrian in 
 1840, and to Hillsdale in 1843, when the state, being unable to secure 
 funds for its further construction, sold the property in 1846 to the 
 Michigan Southern Railway Company, organized in May of that year. 
 In 1835 the Northern Indiana Railroad Company was chartered by the 
 state of Indiana, as the Buffalo & Mississippi Railroad Company, and 
 was organized two years later. The financial disasters of 1837 
 delayed the enterprise until 1849, when the property was acquired 
 by the Michigan Southern Company, which decided to make Chicago 
 the western terminus, and by which the work was pushed vigorously, 
 the line from lake to lake, 243 miles in length, being opened May 22, 
 1852. In 1849 possession of the Erie & Kalamazoo, from Toledo to 
 Adrian, thirty-three miles, was acquired by perpetual lease. This line 
 had previously been laid with strap rails and operated with horse 
 power. The Palmyra & Jacksonburg Railroad was opened to Tecum - 
 : seh, thirteen miles, in 1838, sold to the state of Michigan for $22,000 
 in 1844, and was included in the sale by the state to the Michigan 
 Southern Company, by which it was finished to Jackson. The Lake 
 •Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Company was organized under 
 the laws of Ohio in 1869, and was formed by a consolidation of the 
 system just described with the Cleveland & Toledo, a consolidation, 
 Sept. 1, 1853, of the Toledo, Norwalk & Cleveland, and the junction 
 railroads extending from Toledo to Cleveland ; the Cleveland, Plains- 
 
44 MARQUIS* BAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ville & Ashtabula, running from Cleveland to Erie, and the Buffalo & 
 Erie Railroad. There were 927.23 miles of road included in this consol- 
 idation which has been increased, by purchase, lease and construction to 
 1,405.56 miles. The main line is from Chicago to Buffalo via Cleve- 
 land, 540.04 miles, and is double tracked throughout. The passenger 
 depot is on Van Buren Street, corner Sherman. City offices at depot. 
 General offices at Cleveland, Ohio. Controlling interest was recently 
 acquired in the New York, Chicago & St. Louis Kailway, and the two 
 roads are now operated conjointly. 
 
 The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad stretches from Chicago 
 to Denver, and envelops the states of Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Col- 
 orado, Missouri and Kansas in a net-work of roadways and branches 
 aggregating upwards of 3,400 miles. It taps the coal fields at Streator, 
 sweeps west and southwest to St. Louis, Kansas City, Leavenworth, St. 
 Joseph, Atchison and Denver, Omaha, Lincoln, Des Moines, Burling- 
 ton and Davenport. The road was chartered in 1852 as the Chicago 
 & Aurora (from Chicago to Aurora, some forty miles), but was consoli- 
 dated with the Central Military Tract Kailroad and reorganized under 
 present name July 9, 1856. The purchase of the Northern Cross 
 Railroad, in 1860, extended the line to Quincy, and the Peoria & 
 Oquawka two years later, gave it a through line to Burlington. In 
 1875 the Burlington & Missouri Koad in Iowa, and in 1880 the same road 
 in Nebraska, was absorbed. And thus the vast landed estate of the 
 company in Iowa and Nebraska was obtained. From 1880 extensions 
 and acquisitions have followed each other rapidly. The road is re- 
 nowned for the excellence of its equipment. Principal offices, corner 
 Adams and Franklin Streets. Passenger station, Union Depot, Canal 
 Street, Perceval Lowell is General Passenger Agent. 
 
 The Illinois Central Railroad enters the city from the south over six 
 tracks lying along the lake shore. It is a popular route of suburban 
 travel, and has passenger stations at short intervals along the city and 
 suburban portion of the line, which includes a branch from Park Side 
 to South Chicago, 4.76 miles. The company was chartered in Decem- 
 ber, 1850 ; organization completed February lOfch following. An act 
 of Congress made a land grant to the road, conditioned on its comple- 
 tion within six years, and payment to the state of Illinois of seven per 
 cent of the gross earnings. The latter is now a source of considerable 
 revenue to the state. The entire line from Chicago to Cairo, 364.73 
 miles, and from Centralia to Dubuque, la., 340.77 miles, was opened 
 for traffic Sept. 26, 1856. The Chicago & Springfield, a reorganiza- 
 
Union Depot, Canal Street, Between Madisdn and Adams Streets. 
 
 USED BY: CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUINCY; CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE & ST. PAUL; CHICAGO & ALTON; PITTS- 
 BURGH, FT* WAYNE & CHICAGO, AND CHICAGO, ST. LOUIS & PITTSBURGH RAILROADS. 
 
46 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 tion of the Gilman, Clinton & Springfield Boid, 111.47 miles, was 
 leased in 1877. The Kankakee & Southwestern, from Otto to Chats- 
 worth, was built the following year, and was subsequently extended to 
 Normal Junction, 79.46 miles. A branch from Kempton to Kankakee 
 Junction, 111., 41.8 miles, and from Buckingham to Tracy, ten miles, 
 were also added. The Dubuque & Sioux City, the Iowa Falls & Sioux 
 City, and the Cedar Falls & Minnesota Koads, having a total of 402.16 
 miles, are operated underlease. In 1882 almost the entire stock of the 
 Chicago, St. Louis & New Orleans Eailway was acquired, and the con- 
 trol of the system extending from Cairo to New Orleans, 548 miles, 
 with branches from the main line to Kosciusko and Lexington, Miss., 
 30.30 miles. In 1884 a branch was opened from Jackson, Miss., to 
 Yazoo City, 45.34 miles, and from Kosciusko to Aberdeen, 86.67. 
 Total number of miles in the system, 2,064.76. General office, 78 
 Michigan Avenue. Depots, foot of Lake Street. 
 
 The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway was the first road to 
 reach the Mississippi from Chicago. Originally organized as the Eock 
 Island & LaSalle Railroad in 1847, it was reorganized and chartered as 
 the Chicago & Eock Island Eailroad, Feb. 7, 1851, and the line was 
 opened to the Mississippi Eiver July 10, 1854. Upon consolidation 
 with the Mississippi & Missouri Eailway Company Aug. 20, 1866, 
 the present title was assumed. The extension to the Missouri Eiver, 
 and to a junction with the Union Pacific Eailroad was completed in 
 1869. The Kansas City extension, built by the Iowa Southern & Mis- 
 souri Northern Eailway Company, Avas subsequently purchased, and the 
 Hannibal & St. Joseph, the Peoria & Bureau Valley, and the Keokuk 
 & Des Moines Eoads were leased. June 4, 1880, a formal consolidation 
 was effected, absorbing the following roads : Sou h Chicago Branch, 
 Washington Branch, Iowa Southern & Missouri Northern Eailroad, 
 Atchison, Des Moines, Indianola and Winterset Branches, Newton & Mon- 
 roe, Atlantic Southern, Avoca, Macedonia & Southwestern, and the Atlan- 
 tic & Audubon Eoads, making the total mileage owned 1,120.9, exclu- 
 sive of side tracks, and an aggregate of 1,796 mi es operated. Among 
 the chief terminal points are : Chicago. Peoria, Kansas City, Eock 
 Island, Council Bluffs, Atchison, Davenport, Des Moines, Leavenworth 
 and Keokuk. Control of the "Albert Lea Eoute," acquired in 1881* 
 greatly augmented the mileage and furnished an inlet to Minneapolis 
 and St. Paul. Freight depots, Fourth Avenue and Twelfth Street. 
 Passenger depot, Van Buren Street, between Pacific Avenue and Sher- 
 man Street. E. St. John is general passenger agent* 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 47 
 
 The Chicago & Alton Railroad, with its leased lines, forms a grand 
 trunk system spanning the states of Illinois and Missouri, and connect- 
 ing the cities of Chicago, St. Louis and Kansas City, via Joliet, Bloom- 
 ington and Springfield. The total length of line operated is about 
 1,050 miles. The main line proper reaches from Joliet to Alton. It 
 was chartered as the Chicago & Mississippi River Railroad Feb. 27, 
 1847, and opened for traffic in 1855. It was reorganized as the St. 
 Louis, Alton & Chicago Railroad in 1857, and the main line extended 
 from Alton to East St. Louis two years later, giving it a total length of 
 243? miles. The present company was formed Feb. 16, 1861, and 
 came into possession, by foreclosure, in the year following. Entrance 
 into Chicago was secured by a lease in perpetuity of the Joliet & 
 Chicago Railroad, thirty-seven miles in length. In 1879 the Chicago 
 & Illinois River Railroad, now operated as the Coal City Branch, was 
 purchased, and in the same year the Kansas City, St. Louis & Chicago 
 Railroad, just completed, was acquired by perpetual lease. In 1872 
 the Louisiana & Missouri River Railroad, and in 1877 the Mississippi 
 Bridge had been similarly acquired, as had also the St. Louis, Jackson- 
 ville & Chicago Railroad, since consolidated with the controlling com- 
 pany. The Upper Alton line was extended to Milton in 1882. The 
 equipment embraces some 220 engines, and about 6,200 cars of all 
 kinds, including dining, sleeping, parlor and reclining chair cars. 
 The freight depots are at the corner of West Van Buren and South 
 Canal Streets. Passenger trains use the Union Depot on Canal Street. 
 Tlie general offices are located at the northwest corner of Dearborn 
 and Adams Streets. The ticket office is at 89 South Clark. 
 
 The Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railway is a part of the 
 great Pennsylvania system. It is over this line that the limited 
 express, composed entirely of palace sleepers, runs between Chicago 
 and New York, in twenty-five hours. The company is successor, by 
 consolidation Aug. 1, 1856, of the Ohio & Pennsylvania Company, 
 chartered in Ohio Feb. 24, 1848, and in Pennsylvania April 11th of 
 the same year ; the Ohio & Indiana Company, chartered in Ohio March 
 20, 1850, and in Indiana Jan. 15, 1851, and the Fort Wayne & Chicago 
 Company organized in Indiana Sept. 22, 1852, and in Illinois Feb. 5, 
 1853. The entire line from Chicago to Pittsburg, 468.39 miles, was 
 opened for business Jan. 1, 1859 ; sold under foreclosure Oct. 24, 
 1861, and reorganized under the present title Feb. 26. 1 862. On the 
 27th of June, 1869, the road was leased in perpetuity to the Pennsyl- 
 vania system, to which it has proved profitable, at a rental of 7% per 
 
48 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 annum on the capital stock. Depots and local offices, corner Canal and 
 Madison Streets. General offices at Pittsburgh. 
 
 The Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company succeeded the Chi- 
 cago, Danville & Vincennes Company, which was organized Feb. 16, 
 1865. The road was sjld under foreclosure Feb. 9, 1877, and present 
 company was organized in August following. Main line extends from 
 Danville, 111., to Djlton, seventeen miles south of Chicago, whence cars 
 enter the city over the Chicago & Western Indiana. The Evansville, 
 Terre Haute & Chicago Road is operated under a 999 years' lease. 
 Freight trains are run over the Indiana, Bloomington & Western 
 Kail way to Covington, 111., and thence over its own line to Coal Creek, 
 nine miles. A branch, thirteen miles, extends from Wellington to 
 Cisna Park, and another from Danville to Sidell, twenty-two miles, 
 through the Grape Creek coal fields. From Otter Creek Junction a 
 leased line extends to Brazil, Ind. General offices, 123 Dearborn Street. 
 
 The Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh Railroad succeeded to the 
 franchises of the Columbus & Indianapolis Bailroad, a new com; any 
 being formed April 2, 1883. A direct line from Chicago connects Avith 
 the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railroad at Columbus, Ohio, and 
 another to Indianapolis, Ind., connects with the Jeffersonville, Madi- 
 son & Indianapolis Railroad. The main line 187.15 miles, is from 
 Columbus to Indianapolis. From Bradford Junction, Ohio, a branch, 
 230.98 miles, extends to Chicago, and from Richmond, Ind., a branch, 
 102.22 miles, extends to Anoka Junction. A third branch, 60.19 miles, 
 runs from Peoria Junction, Ind., to Illinois State line— making a total 
 length of roadway of 580.54 miles. Union Passenger Depot, Canal 
 Street. Freight depots, corner Carroll Avenue and North Halsted 
 Street, and Carroll Avenue and Clinton Street. The Pennsylvania Com- 
 pany holds a majority of the stock and operates the road. 
 
 The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway sweeps westward in 
 four great parallels, the first of which crosses the state of Illinois via 
 Elgin, spans the Mississippi at Savanna, throws off branches south- 
 ward to Rock Island, Davenport and Ottumwa, and stretches on to 
 Council Bluffs. The second line leaves M lwaukee via Madison and Prai- 
 rie Du Chien, throws branches to Sioux City, Yankton and Running 
 Water. The third parallel passes north via Milwaukee, thence west via 
 Portage and La Crosse, traverses southern Minnesota and penetrates far 
 into Dakota. Leaving the first "ine at the Mississippi River, the fourth 
 grand division follows the Father of Waters north past Dubuque, 
 crosses the second line at Prairie Du Chien and the third at La Crosse, 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 49 
 
 strikes direct for St. Paul and Minneapolis, and runs thence to Ellen- 
 dale and Aberdeen, Dakota, and continuing south to Mitchell it strikes 
 the Iowa and Dakota division. The intermediate territory between 
 the parallels is filled with branches and minor lines which increase the 
 total mileage operated to 4,804.6 miles. The company, which holds a 
 charter from the state of Wisconsin, its chief offices being at Milwaukee, 
 was formed by a consolidation in 1873 of the Milwaukee & Waukesha, 
 the Madison & Prairie Du Chien, the La Crosse & Milwaukee, and the 
 St. Paul & Chicago companies, with a total of 1,399 miles of track, which 
 was augmented in 1878 to 1,539 miles. In the next year 535 miles 
 were added by purchase and construction, 143 of which were in 
 Dakota, the purchases including the Western Union, the Davenport & 
 Northwestern, the Minnesota Southern, and the Minnesota Extension 
 railroads. In 1880 349 miles of road were built and 1,193 miles pur- 
 chased, and in the next year 442 miles of road were constructed. Dur- 
 ing 1882 the total mileage was increased to 4,520 miles, which, up to 
 July 15, 1884, had been further augmented to 4,804.6 miles as above 
 stated. The equipment of the road is very complete, numbering 626 
 engines and 19,018 cars of all classes. Passenger trains use the Union 
 Depot at Canal and Madison Streets. The freight depots are at the 
 corner of Carroll Avenue and North Union Street. Grain elevators are 
 at the corner of North Canal Street and Carroll Avenue. Ticket offices 
 are at 63 Clark Street and at the Union Depot. F. A. Miller is the gen- 
 eral agent in Chicago. The general office is at Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 The Louisville, New Albany & Chicago Railway, better known as 
 the " Monon Koute," traverses the entire length of the state of Indiana 
 from north to south and has for its termini Chicago, Louisville, Indian- 
 apolis and Michigan City. It owns a one-fifth interest in a leasehold 
 of the Chicago & AVestern Indiana Railroad, over whose line it enters 
 the city from Hammond, Ind., and uses jointly with other roads the 
 new passenger station of that company at Polk Street and Fourth 
 Avenue. It also holds a one -fifth interest in the Belt Railway of Chi- 
 cago, The original line was chartered by the state of Indiana, Jan. 25, 
 1847, under the name of the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago Rail- 
 road, and sold under foreclosure and reorganized by the first mortgage 
 creditors under its present name, Dec. 27, 1872. It was opened July 
 4, 1852, and extended from Michigan City to New Albany, 288 miles. 
 On the 10th of July, 1881, it was consolidated with the Chicago & 
 Indianapolis Air Line Railroad, which was a reorganization of the 
 Indianapolis, Delphi & Chicago, under the charter of which the com- 
 4 
 
50 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 pany completed its line from Delphi to Hammond in January, 1882, 
 crossing the main line at Monon. Later in the same year a contract 
 was concluded with the Pennsylvania Company whereby that company 
 doubled its track between the junction of the two roads and the Louis- 
 ville bridge, and track privileges were secured over the same by lease 
 for ninety-nine years, and an entrance into Louisville gained. The 
 track from Chicago to Louisville, 317 miles in length, is now operated 
 as the main line. The line from Monon to Michigan City, fifty-nine 
 miles, is known as the Northern division, and the branch from Monon 
 to Indianapolis, ninety-four miles, opened for traffic March 25, 1883, 
 as the Indianapolis division. A feature of the route is a through line of 
 sleepers from Chicago to Jacksonville, Florida. The equipment em- 
 braces sixty engines and 2,400 cars of all descriptions. The freight 
 depots of the AVestern Indiana Railroad at the corner of Polk Street and 
 Fourth Avenue are used. The ticket office is at 122 Eandolph Street, 
 and the general office of the road is at 183 Dearborn Street. 
 
 The Chicago & Grand Trunk Railway now forms the western 
 extension of the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, by which it is 
 operated, and with which it forms a continuous line from Chicago 
 through Michigan and Canada to Portland, Me., and the Atlantic 
 coast, embracing, with branches and auxiliary lines a total mileage 
 of 3,330 miles. Its termini are Montreal, Detroit, Buffalo, Chicago 
 Goderich, Point Levi and Portland. The main line of the Chicago & 
 Grand Trunk Railway extends from Chicago to Port Huron. Mich., a 
 distance of 330J miles. It also operates four miles of the Grand 
 Trunk Junction Railroad, and four and a half miles of the Western 
 Indiana Road, over which it enters the city from Forty-ninth Street, 
 running into the Union Depot of that road at Third Avenue and Polk 
 Street, which it uses as a passenger station. The company is the 
 result of a consolidation, effected April 7, 1880, of the Port Huron & 
 Lake Michigan, opened in Dacember, 1871, and the Peninsula Rail- 
 road, opened in 1872 (which were consolidated under the name of the 
 Chicago & Lake Huron Railroad, in August, 1873, and extended to 
 Valparaiso, Ind.), with the line between Lansing and Flint, Mich., 
 built by the Northwestern Railroad Company, and the extension from 
 Valparaiso to Chicago, built by the Northwestern Grand Trunk Rail- 
 way Company, and opened Feb. 8, 1880. The rolling stock of the 
 Chicago & Grand Trunk proper consists of 103 locomotive engines 
 and 1,169 cars for all purposes. The Grand Trunk system, however, 
 of which it forms the western division, owns over 21,000 cars and 
 
52 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 some 700 locomotives. The freight depots are at Twelfth Street and 
 Third Avenue. The ticket offices are at 103 Washington Street, and 
 at the depot. The main offices of the road are at Port Huron and 
 Detroit, Mich. The Chicago office is in the First National Bank 
 building. 
 
 The Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway is a vast system of con- 
 necting lines formed by consolidation, purchase and lease of its various 
 parts, and traversing the richest sections of the states of Ohio, Indiana, 
 Illinois, Iowa and Missouri with a net-work of tracks, aggregating 
 3,601.2 miles. It constitutes one of the most important highways of 
 the city to which it brings tributary an enormous territory, and 
 between which and St. Louis it forms a direct connection. The main 
 line of the road, 712.2 miles long, extends from Toledo, Ohio, via St. 
 Louis to Kansas City. Other principal lines reach out to Chicago, 
 Burlington, Council Bluffs, and less important termini. The Chicago 
 line is formed of the Chicago & Strawn Railroad from Strawn, Illinois, 
 to a junction with the Chicago & Western Indiana Eailroad near Chi- 
 cago, 97.8 miles, whence it enters the city via the latter road, 1.9 
 miles, making use of the terminal facilities of the Chicago & Western 
 Indiana, including the Union Depot at Fourth Avenue and Polk Street. 
 The Chicago & Strawn Boad was acquired by purchase Aug. 1, 1880, 
 and the Chicago & Paducah, 165 miles, April 1, 1880, and merged into 
 the main corporation. The other terminal facilities include the use of 
 the freight depot of the Western Indiana Company at Twelfth Street 
 and Fourth Avenue. The rolling stock consists of 614 engines and 
 20,177 cars of all descriptions. On the 10th of April, 1883, the road 
 and property of the company were leased for 99 years to the St. Louis, 
 Iron Mountain & Southern Eailroad which was itself leased to the Mis- 
 souri Pacific Eailroad Company, which thereby came into control and 
 with which close connections were formed advantageous to through 
 traffic to the Pacific slope. The principal offices are established at St. 
 Louis. In the summer of 1884 Solon Humphreys and Thomas E. Tutt 
 were appointed receivers. The local ticket office is at 109 Clark Street. 
 The local freight offices are at the freight depot corner of Twelfth 
 Street and Fonrth Avenue. 
 
 The Chicago & West Michigan Railway, whose main line extends 
 from La Crosse, Ind., to Pentwater, Mich., 208.74 miles, with branches 
 ramifying through the adjacent territories and making up a total mile- 
 age of 409.74 miles, has recently secured an entrance into Chicago 
 over the Michigan Central Eailroad, whose depots at the foot of 
 
MARQUIS' HAND.BOOK OF CHICAGO. 53 
 
 South Water Street it uses, and it constitutes with its connections a 
 through line to Manistee, Ludington, Grand Kapids, Muskegon, Grand 
 Haven, and all points in western Michigan. Parlor and sleeping cars 
 are run on all trains. This company was formed Oct. 1, 1881, by the 
 consolidation of the Chicago & West Michigan Eailroad, from New 
 Buffalo to Pentwater, 170 miles, with branches 91.9 miles ; the Grand 
 Rapids, Newaygo & Lake Shore Eailroad from Grand Eapids to White 
 Cloud, forty-six miles, organized Sept. 11, 1869 ; the Grand Haven 
 Eailroad from Allegan to Muskegon, fifty-seven and a half miles, and 
 the Indiana & Michigan Eailroad, of Indiana. The company first 
 named was organized Jan. 1, 1879, as the successor of the Chicago & 
 Michigan Lake Shore Eailroad Company, which was organized April 
 24, 1869, opened its main line July 1, 1873, and was sold under fore- 
 closure and reorganized Nov. 16, 1878. In 1882 the Indiana & 
 Michigan Eailway was opened to La Crosse. By a recent arrangement 
 the company now runs through daily trains from Grand Eapids to 
 Cincinnati over the tracks of the Cincinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis & 
 Chicago Eailway. The equipment includes some thirty engines and 
 900 cars of all classes. The general offices and address of the road is 
 at Muskegon, Mich. The local ticket office is at 67 Clark Street. 
 
 The Chicago & Western Indiana Railroad was organized under the 
 statutes of Illinois June 6, 1879, for the purpose of leasing its road 
 and terminal facilities in the city and vicinity to other companies. It 
 owns the splendid new Union Depot now in process of construction at 
 Fourth Avenue and Polk Street, together with freight depots and ware- 
 houses at Twelfth Street and Third Avenue, which, together with the 
 track, are used jointly by the Chicago & Eastern Illinois, the Wabash, 
 St. Louis & Pacific, the Chicago & Grand Trunk, the Chicago & 
 Atlantic, and the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago Companies. It also 
 owns an elevator on the Chicago Eiver near Eighteenth Street with 
 capacity of 1,500,000 bushels. The road was opened in May, 1880, 
 and in the following year the company was consolidated with the 
 South Chicago & Western Indiana Eailroad Company, whereby access 
 to the iron and lumber interests at South Chicago was secured, and 
 with the Chicago & Western Indiana Belt Eailway Company affording 
 connection for the transfer of cars with the various roads centering in 
 Chicago. The Belt division is leased by the Belt Eaihvay of Chicago. 
 The track owned by the company includes the line from P. Ik Street to 
 Dalton, Illinois, 16.69 miles, the Hammond extension, 10.28 miles, 
 and the Belt division, 24.68 miles, making a total of 51.69 miles. The 
 
54 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 annual rental is $760,000. The rolling stock includes 12 locomotives 
 and 155 cars, principally platform cars. The company also owns 
 sixty-seven acres of land within the city limits, and 146 acres in the 
 immediate suburbs, including some very valuable wharf property. 
 The principal offices are at 94 Washington Street. 
 
 The Cincinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis & Chicago Railway, popu- 
 larly known as the "Big Four," or the "Kankakee Eoute," constitutes 
 a through line between Chicago, Indianapolis, Louisville and Cincin- 
 nati, and at the last two places forms through connection for all points 
 in the south. The company grew out of a consolidation in 1866 of 
 the Cincinnati & Indianapolis and the Lafayette & Indianapolis Kail- 
 roads, taking at that time the title of the Indianapolis, Cincinnati & 
 Lafayette Railroad, and operated the main line from Cincinnati to 
 Lafayette, 174.90 miles, until sold under foreclosure, Feb. 2, 1880. 
 It was then purchased in behalf of those formerly interested in it, and 
 a new company organized, which took possession March 6th of the 
 same year. The Cincinnati, Lafayette & Chicago Railroad (Lafayette 
 to Kankakee, seventy-five and a half miles,) was leased Sept. 1, 1880, 
 and incorporated into the main line, and an entrance from Kankakee 
 into Chicago over the line of the Illinois Central was acquired by con- 
 tract. This contract also secured the use of the terminal stations of 
 the latter road at the foot of Lake and South Water Streets. The 
 company owns a half interest in and operates the Kankakee & Seneca 
 Kailroad between the points named, 42.32 miles, and a branch to 
 Lawrenceburg, Ind., 2.60 miles. It also operates, under perpetual 
 lease, a line from Valley Junction to Harrison, Ohio, 7.40 miles; 
 another from Fairland to Martinsville, Ind., 38.30 miles; and a third 
 from Greensburg to North Yernon, Ind., 44.39 miles, making the total 
 lines operated 385.41 miles. The rolling stock consists of seventy- 
 five engines and 3,173 cars of all kinds. The general offices of the 
 roae 1 . are at Cincinnati. The local ticket office is at 121 Randolph 
 Street, and the local freight office 130 Washington Street. 
 
 The New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railway, better known as 
 the "Nickel Plate," was organized as a competing line for the traffic 
 formerly controlled by the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad, 
 with which it runs parallel through the same territory a few miles to 
 the south. The company was organized April 13, 1881, under the 
 laws of New York, and began work in the same year. The line stretch- 
 ing from Chicago, via Ft. Wayne, along the shores of Lake Erie to 
 Buffalo, 513.28 miles, was opened for business Oct. 23, 1882. The 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 55 
 
 roadway is laid with steel rails, and the line is some twenty-five miles 
 shorter than the "Lake Shore Eoute." Eecently control of the line 
 has been obtained by the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Eailroad 
 Company through the purchase of some $26,530,000 of its stock, and 
 it is now operated in conjunction with that road, and uses the same 
 depots in this city. 
 
 The Baltimore & Ohio & Chicago Railroad forms a part of the 
 great Baltimore & Ohio system, the picturesque and popular through 
 line to the Atlantic border. It was chartered March 13, 1872, 
 as the Baltimore, Pittsburg & Chicago Eailroad, and opened for 
 traffic in November, 1874. The line, which was built and is owned by 
 the Baltimore & Ohio Company, extends from Chicago Junction, Ohio, 
 to Parkside Junction, Illinois, on the Illinois Central Eailroad, 262.60 
 miles. From Parkside Junction it enters the city over the track of 
 the road last named, a distance of eight and a half miles, making use 
 of a temporary passenger station at the foot of Monroe Street, adjoin- 
 ing the Exposition building on the north. An extension of the line is 
 also in progress to Pittsburg. The present title was adopted in 1877. 
 The principal offices are located at 83 Clark Street, the resident officers 
 of the road being A. P. Bigelow, general agent, and T. H. Dearborn, 
 general northwestern passenger agent. The general officers are those 
 of the Baltimore & Ohio Company. The chief ticket office is also at 
 83 Clark Street. The freight depots are at the foot of South Water 
 Street. The rolling stock of the road is that of the Baltimore & Ohio 
 system, and is unsurpassed in point of excellence. This is the only 
 through line east from Chicago via Washington City. 
 
 The Belt Railway Company was chartered Nov. 22, 1882. May 
 1, 1883, under lease from the Chicago & Western Indiana Eailroad 
 Company, it assumed control and commenced to operate what is now 
 known as the Belt Eailway of Chicago, a track beginning at South 
 Chicago and extending west about eleven miles, thence north about 
 eleven miles to a connection with the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 
 Eailway, and connecting between those two terminal points with all 
 railroads entering the city. This road does a general transfer or 
 switching business between the various railroads, and to and from the 
 industries located on its own line. It is situated outside the city 
 limits, on the open prairie. It is equipped with nine powerful loco- 
 motives, and 130 flat cars. The total length of the line is 22.20 
 miles. The office of the company is at 94 Washington Street. 
 
 The Chicago & "Western Railroad is a local line for switching pur- 
 
56 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 poses, extending from Morgan Street to Ada Street, Chicago, 1.44 
 miles, and forming a connection between the Chicago, Milwaukee & 
 St. Paul and the " Pan Handle " tracks, with a number of coal and lum- 
 ber yards, elevators and warehouses. The road-bed and tracks oper- 
 ated were acquired by lease, Oct. 5, 1881, for 99 years, from the Chi- 
 cago & Eastern Illinois Kailroad Company. The office is at 87 Dear- 
 born Street. 
 
 The Chicago & Atlantic Railroad runs across the northern portion 
 of Indiana, south of the "Ft. Wayne Koute," 269 miles to a junction 
 with the New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio Kailroad at Marion, Ohio, in 
 connection with which it is operated, and forms an additional through 
 line to the Atlantic coast. The company is the outgrowth of a consol- 
 idation June 19, 1873, of the Chicago & Atlantic Kailroad Com- 
 pany, organized as the Chicago, Continental & Baltimore Kailroad 
 Company Dec. 1, 1871, and the Chicago & Atlantic Extension Kail- 
 way Company, formed March 15, 1873. Into the company thus 
 formed was also merged, July 15, 1873, the Baltimore, Pittsburg & 
 Continental Railroad Company, which had been organized Nov. 18, 
 1871. Track laying was completed in 1882, and the road was form- 
 ally opened on the 17th of June of the following year. The main 
 line of the road extends from Marion, 257 miles, to a junction with 
 the Chicago & Western Indiana Kailroad, 19.5 miles from the city. 
 The latter road is thence used into the city, together with its terminal 
 facilities. The general offices of the company are at the corner of 
 Clark and Fourteenth Streets. 
 
 The Chicago & Evanston Railroad Company is organized under a 
 charter granted Feb. 16, 1861. The authorized capital stock is 
 $1,000,000, of which $565,700 are paid in. The road is completed to 
 Calvary, a distance of about nine miles, and will probably be in opera- 
 tion to Evanston very early in 1885. The piece of road from Wabansia 
 Avenue along Hawthorn Avenue to Larrabee Street is owned jointly 
 with the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Kail way Company. The com- 
 pany proposes to construct a track from Larrabee Street to the Union 
 Depot on Canal Street. This road has encountered many difficulties 
 that have greatly retarded its construction. The office of the company 
 is at No. 8 Ashland Block. 
 
 Lake Michigan, one of the chain of great inland seas which, Avith 
 their connections, form a grand internal and international waterway, 
 was, until within the past half century, practically the only commercial 
 highway of the city, and still continues, despite the fierce competition 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 5? 
 
 of railroads, one of the great arteries of her trade and an important 
 agent in her prosperity. Along its shore came first the light canoes of 
 the Indians, to barter with the traders at the primitive post. With 
 increasing traffic grew up a demand for heavier boats, which was met 
 by the "Mackinaw" barges used largely in the fur trade. These did 
 not wholly disappear from the lake until 1830, As the commerce of 
 the city widened, the lake constituted the sole avenue to the east, and 
 over its bosom and through the straits came and went the first car- 
 goes. Then, as the natural resources of the country were developed 
 and cultivated, it brought within the city's reach the iron and copper 
 and timber of the north, and the products of its bordering fields, and 
 bound her in close connection with the thriving communities on its 
 shores. It is now the avenue of a splendid commerce, extending to 
 Manitoba in the far northwest, through the straits to the busy cities on 
 the eastern lakes and the shores of the picturesque St. Lawrence, giving 
 direct communication with Milwaukee, Erie, Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit 
 and other important points, and access via the Erie and Welland Canals 
 to the Atlantic seaboard and European ports. Over the lake passes a 
 large percentage of the direct imports and exports of the city, which 
 amounted in 1841 to $1,848,362, and in 1883 to $13,647,551, 
 exclusive of duty. The lake also .provides a cheap route to the coal 
 fields of Pennsylvania and the lumber regions of the north, and has 
 made Chicago the distributing point for these commodities for the 
 great northwest, and the greatest lumber market in the world. 
 
 The first vessel to arrive at Chicago was the schooner " Tracy," in 
 1803, bringing soldiers and supplies for the fort. At that time, and 
 until 1833, there was no harbor, and a bar across the mouth of the 
 river prevented access to it. Vessels were anchored off shore, and 
 unloaded or loaded by lighters. In the year named, after long and 
 patient effort, Congress was induced to appropriate $25,000, and the 
 building of the present magnificent harbor was begun, access being 
 gained to the river in the following spring. Lighthouses were built 
 but found ineffective, and the harbor was unprotected until 1870, 
 when the present breakwater, now approaching completion, stretching 
 across the inlet and enclosing the spacious inner harbor, with its light- 
 house, was begun. In 1835 some 212 vessels arrived in port. From 
 1832 occasional steamboats touched at Chicago, but it was not till 
 1839 that the first regular line was established. This line of boats 
 plied between the city and Buffalo. In 1856 the first clearance for 
 Europe direct was made by the steamer " Dean Richmond," and the 
 
58 MARQUIS' BAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 first direct arrival from abroad did not occur till the following year. 
 The total arrivals in port in 1883 were 11,967 vessels, having a ton- 
 nage of 3,812,464 tons, and the total clearances were 12,015 vessels, 
 with a tonnage of 3,980,873 tons. 
 
 The Chicago River is properly an internal waterway of the city, 
 intimately connected with the lake and constituting an essential part 
 of the harbor. Its shores are continuous lines of docks bordered by 
 mammoth warehouses, elevators and yards for heavy traffic in coal, 
 lumber, etc., and giving anchorage to the multitude of vessels plying 
 the lake. As it now is, the river is more a creation of man than of 
 nature. The original bed wa; comparatively shallow and narrow, and 
 near its mouth turned abruptly southward, entering the lake by a tor- 
 tuous channel, over a bar which blocked the passage of vessels. As 
 early as 1805 an agent of the government suggested the cutting away 
 of the bar, but his idea only contemplated the clearing of a passage 
 for the admission of the Mackinaw trading crafts, and was not given 
 attention. The first vessel to enter the waters of the river was the 
 "Westward Ho," which was hauled over the bar by oxen in 1833. In 
 March of the same year work was begun on the Government piers, and 
 before the close of the following year both the north and south 
 piers had been pushed out some 500 feet, cutting off the old tor- 
 tuous channel to the south. In the spring of 1834 a freshet did 
 the work of dredging, and vessels of heavy burden entered the river 
 for the first time. The timbers for piers were first rafted from the 
 Calumet River, and the stone was procured some three miles up 
 the South Branch. Later the timbers were brought from Wisconsin 
 and Michigan. Up to 1838 the piers were annually pushed further 
 into the lake, but the continuous formation of bars at the mouth of 
 the channel by the lake currents destroyed the practical benefits of 
 the work, and in this year the course of the piers was deflected 
 twenty-five and a half degrees to the south. Work continued inter- 
 mittently until 1857, when the north pier extended into the lake 
 2,800 feet, and the shore line at the mouth of the river had pushed 
 itself out several hundred yards. The channel between the piers was 
 then 200 feet wide, and had been dredged to a depth of eight to 
 twelve feet. In 1854 it was determined to create an interior basin, 
 and the river was widened for the purpose. In October of the same 
 year a ship canal was dredged through the bar. The wharfing privi- 
 leges, which had occasioned much dispute, were defined in 1833, and 
 the wharfs were sold or leased in perpetuity, in consideration of a 
 
60 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 payment of their value and an annual rental of one barleycorn. It 
 was specified in all cases that a substantial dock, three feet high and 
 five feet wide, should be built and maintained in perpetuity. In 1857 
 only six miles of dock had been built. At present there are twelve 
 miles of slips and basins, and twenty-nine miles of river front mostly 
 docked. 
 
 The Illinois & Michigan Canal tapping the Chicago Eiver at 
 Bridgeport, four miles south of its mouth, extends to a junction with 
 the Illinois Eiver at LaSalle, ninety-six miles distant, whence, by the 
 improvement of the latter river, access is had to the Mississippi. The 
 importance of this water-way to the southwest was seen by Joliet more 
 than two hundred years ago, and was the subject of agitation from the 
 days of the pioneers to the present time. A grant of the right of way, 
 ninety feet wide, was made to the state by Congress in 1822 ; a dona- 
 tion of 284,000 acres of land was made by the same body in 1827, 
 and finally work was commenced at Bridgeport July 4, 1836. It was 
 completed for light draught boats in 1848, at a cost of $1,848,150.32. 
 The work of deepening the canal to nine and a half feet was under- 
 taken in 1867, and completed at a cost of about $11,000,000. The 
 pumping works, which are an indispensable auxiliary, were enlarged 
 in capacity in 1880 to 60,000 cubic feet per minute. At the fall elec- 
 tion of 1882 a constitutional amendment was adopted by the people 
 of the state, ceding the canal to the United States on condition that 
 the government shall enlarge it to a ship canal, extend it to the Missis- 
 sippi Eiver, and maintain it free of tolls. The following were the prin- 
 cipal receipts by the canal in 1883 : Corn, 1,880,954 bushels; oats, 
 506.298 bushels; seeds, 516.337 bushels; miscellaneous goods, 
 933,754 pounds. The principal shipments for the same period were : 
 Wheat, 614,543 bushels ; lumber 28,638,177 feet ; shingles, 34, 
 225 ; laths, 6,155,950 ; miscellaneous goods, 1,586,307 pounds. 
 
<©he ^Public 'SBuil&mg*. 
 
 THE CITY, COUNTY AND UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT BUILD- 
 INGS AND THE POSTOFFICE. 
 
 CHICAGO is very little, if at all, behind contemporary cities in the 
 number, character, architecture, and general details of her public 
 buildings, and in some of these particulars the public buildings sur- 
 pass those of any other municipality in the country. 
 
 The County Court House and City Hall may well stand for an 
 example ; notwithstanding the fact that, through economy or lack of 
 taste, the original design was changed by leaving off the domes and 
 other upper structures that would have greatly added to the appear- 
 ance of the building. It is a dual structure, occupying the square 
 bounded by Clark, LaSalle, Washington and Eandolph Streets, giving 
 it a frontage of 340 feet on the east and west sides, and 280 feet on 
 the north and south. It is located in the business center of "the city, 
 and is by far the most massive and elaborate public building in Chi- 
 cago. The style of architecture is the modern French renaissance. 
 Above the sub-building is a colonnaded double story with Corin- 
 thian columns thirty-five feet in height, which gives to the entire 
 structure a lofty, yet solid and imposing appearance. These immen.s t 
 columns of polished Maine granite support an entablature at once 
 mathematical and elegant in proportions, and divided into archi- 
 trave, frieze and cornice. An attic story enriched by the sculptor's 
 chisel with allegorical groups representing Agriculture, Commerce, 
 Peace and Plenty, Mechanical Art and Science Art, surmounts the 
 entablature and completes the grandeur of the noble outlines. The 
 materials are principally upper Silurian limestone, from the quarries 
 along the Desplaines Eiver in this state. The columns, pilasters and 
 pedestals are of Maine granite. The building is fire-proof through- 
 out, and the total cost is nearly $6,000,000. The work of construc- 
 tion was begun in 1877, and the court-house division, which fronts 
 on Clark Street, was completed and occupied by the county officials 
 in 1882. The apartments assigned to the County, Probate, Superior, 
 and Circuit Courts are capacious and convenient, amply provided with 
 
62 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 private rooms for judges, jurors, offices of the court attaches, and 
 huge fire and burglar-proof vaults for the preservation of judiciary 
 records, while each suite is fitted up in a style plain but very rich, 
 which is at once appropriate to the character of the edifice and com- 
 mendable to good taste. The Sheriff, Coroner, and Kecorder of Deeds 
 occupy the extensive basement, and the County Clerk, Board of Com- 
 missioners, and Board of Education, together with a host of other 
 officials, find conveniently arranged quarters within its spacious walls. 
 
 The City Hall division, fronting on LaSalle Street, is similar in its 
 architectural features to the county portion of the building, and was 
 intended to be its complement, except for such variations in ornamen- 
 tation as were required to avoid monotony and introduce a distinctive 
 element into its appearance. The interior is finished in white oak. 
 The police and fire departments and the City Electrician are located in 
 the spacious basement story ; the water, building and special assess- 
 ment departm nts, and the offices of the Mayor, Comptroller, and 
 City Treasurer, in the first story ; the numerous offices of the depart- 
 ment of public works occupy the second story ; and th3 law, health 
 and educational departments, the city council and working committees 
 and the numerous other offices of the city government, are all allotted 
 ample and convenient quarters. A large portion of the interior of the 
 upper stories is still unfinished. The settling of the foundations from 
 the immense weight has caused the cracking of some stones in both 
 the city and county buildings, but as yet has not injuriously affected 
 either the durability or safety of the structures. 
 
 This is the second joint structure built by the county and city for 
 administrative use, and the third city hall erected by the municipal 
 authorities. When Chicago became a chartered city the "Fathers" 
 leased a hall in the old "Saloon Building" (shown in illustration on. 
 page 18), .said to have been the finest public hall west of Buffalo at 
 the time. It was located at the southeast corner of Lake and Clark 
 Streets, and was a square three-story frame, having its first floor 
 devoted to store purposes, the second to offices, and the third floor 
 occupied by a public hall. In 1842 a building at the corner of LaSalle 
 and Kandolph Streets was secured and occupied until the first munici- 
 pal structure erected in Chicago was completed. This was called the 
 Market Building, and was situated in the center of State Street, front- 
 ing forty feet on Kandolph, and extended north toward Lake Street 180 
 feet. It was a plain two-story stone and brick structure. The first 
 story was divided into thirty-two stalls and leased for market purposes. 
 
64 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The upper story contained four rooms used for city purposes. It cost 
 $11,000, and was first occupied Nov. 13, 1848. In June, 1851, the 
 county and city decided to erect a joint building on the public square, 
 and Sept. 11, 1851, the corner-stone was laid with appropriate cere- 
 monies. As at first constructed, it had two stories and basement. The 
 main part was 100 feet square, and had four narrow wings projecting 
 
 The Second Court-House in Chicago— Burned by the Great Fire. 
 
 from the sides. It was first occupied Feb. 7, 1853. A third story and 
 two wings were afterward added. The grounds contained graveled 
 walks, grass plats, trees, shrubbery, etc. The building was destroyed 
 by the great fire in 1871. The east wing, however, was left in such a 
 condition as to be again made habitable and, in part, served the wants 
 of the city officials until the erection of the present edifice on the same 
 site necessitated its demolition. The city administration then fell into 
 its old itinerant habits, and drifted about until it found lodgings in the 
 "old tank," or " rookery," as the make-shift for a city hall is familiarly 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 65 
 
 styled, on the corner of LaSalle and Adams Streets. This homely- 
 looking structure, which has a history of its own, was in its original 
 state a huge iron water tank, or reservoir, belonging to the old water 
 works service on the South Side, prior to the great fire. The munici- 
 pal government seized upon it and made it the nucleus of a temporary 
 abiding place. Surrounding it with a hastily erected squatty two -story 
 brick building, and transforming the tank itself into safety vaults, it 
 was dignified by the appellation of " City Hall." 
 
 The Criminal Court and County Jail Buildings consist of three 
 buildings grouped together. They occupy about two-thirds of the 
 square between Michigan, Illinois and Clark Streets and Dearborn 
 Avenue, an alley forming the west boundary line. The Criminal Court 
 building has a frontage of 140 feet on Michigan Street, and sixty-five 
 feet on Dearborn Avenue. It is constructed of limestone. The main 
 entrance on Michigan Street is through a broad portico with massive 
 fluted columns. A wide entrance from Dearborn Avenue, through a 
 hallway, leads also to the center, or court, into Avhich the main 
 entrance opens, and from which stairways ascend to the court rooms 
 above. The Criminal Court of Cook County occupies the entire upper 
 portion of the building. The sessions of the court commence the first 
 Monday in each month, and are presided over by the Judges of the 
 Circuit and Superior Courts of Cook County in alternation. Adjoining 
 on the north is a two story and basement building which fronts 
 directly upon Dearborn Avenue, giving an "L" shape to the eastern 
 exposure of the court building. This is occupied in part by the north 
 town officials, the county utilizing the remainder. This building, 
 which is of brick with stone trimmings, extends 137 feet on Dearborn 
 Avenue to the corner of Illinois Street, on which it fronts forty-three 
 feet. It is entered from both thoroughfares by plain iron balcony 
 stairs rising from the sidewalk to the main floor. In the space or yard 
 formed by the rear of these two structures with Illinois Street on the 
 north and the alley on the east, the county jail is located — the'frontage 
 on Illinois Street being 141 feet. It is in no wise connected with the 
 other buildings except by a narrow bridge, enclosed with heavy corru- 
 gated sheet iron, which leads direct to the " criminal box" in the court 
 room. It contains one hundred and thirty-six cells in the male wards, 
 forty-eight in the female and fourteen in the juvenile wards. It is a 
 plain, substantial structure of brick and iron, and is in marked contrast 
 with the architecture of the court building. This group of buildings 
 was erected in 1873 by the county at a cost of $375,000. 
 
66 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The United States Government Building (Postoffice and Custom 
 House), completed in 1880 at a cost, including grounds and surround- 
 ing street improvements, of $6,000,000, is one of the handsomest 
 government edifices in the country. Its base dimensions are 342 by 
 210 feet, which leaves spacious elevated lawns, surrounded by heavy 
 coping. It occupies the square bounded by Dearborn, Clark, Adams 
 and Jackson Streets, and is three stories in height, with base- 
 
 U. S. Government Building -Postoffice and Custom-House. 
 
 ment and attic. The style of architecture is known as the Koman- 
 esque, with Venetian treatment. It is almost entirely of iron and 
 stone, and is fire-proof throughout. The basement and first floor are 
 occupied exclusively by the Postoffice Department. In the basement, 
 reached by an inclined driveway on the west side, extending from 
 Adams Street through to Jackson, all mail matter is received 
 and dispatched. The first floor is devoted to the general delivery, 
 carriers, money order, registry and stamp divisions, and executive 
 purposes. The interior of the building above the basement forms a 
 court, 83 by 198 feet. This court is covered by an immense skylight 
 at the s3cond story, being an open court above. The second floor i^ 
 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 67 
 
 COLLECTOR'S OFFICE-U. S. CUSTOMS. 
 
 used by the Collector of Customs, Internal Kevenue Collector, Sub- 
 Treasurer, Commissioner of Pensions and special mail agents. The 
 third floor is occupied by the various United States Courts and offices 
 connected with the Interior and Law De- 
 partments. The interior of the building is 
 exceedingly rich in finish. The floors are 
 all in tiling of black and white marble. 
 The grand staircases in the north and south 
 halls are especially notable, being of solid 
 iron, artistic in design, and painted to rep- 
 resent wood, with steps laid in small parti- 
 colored tiles. The building is furnished 
 Avith four elevators and every improved 
 convenience of the age, and is heated 
 throughout by steam from engines in the 
 basement, the temperature being regu- 
 lated to 60° the year round. The approaches are from each of the four 
 streets ; they are exceedingly spacious, and are made uniform with the 
 broad sidewalk surrounding the square, which is covered to the curb 
 with massive stone flagging. Each of the four streets forming the 
 square were also paved to the center by the government. The promi- 
 nence of the building is made more im- 
 posing by the appearance of isolation given 
 it by its surroundings, which throw it out 
 in bold relief. Large as the building 
 is, the postoffice department is already 
 crowded, such has been the growth of the 
 business since it was occupied. Eight 
 branch offices, located in different parts of 
 the city, each with its corps of clerks and 
 carriers, help to relieve the pressure ; but 
 by far the largest portion of the work is 
 done from the main office, among the largo 
 business houses situated within its imme- 
 diate delivery district. The total number of carriers employed is 
 317 ; number of clerks, 480 ; total number of pieces delivered in 1883. 
 78,754,271 ; total receipts for the year ending June 30. 1884, $1,- 
 892,241. The amount of duties collected in the customs department in 
 1883 was $4,075,166.85. on merchandise valued at $10,453,701. 
 The internal revenue collections for the fiscal year ending June 30, 
 
 U. S. Sub-Treasury Office. 
 
68 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 1883, were $9,118,191. On the lawn plat formed by Clark and 
 Adams Streets, and facing their intersection, stands a monument seven 
 feet in height, bearing this inscription : 
 
 TO THE MEMORY 
 
 OF 
 
 George Buchanan Armstron 
 
 FOUNDER OF THE 
 
 RAILWAY MAIL SERVICE 
 
 IN THE 
 
 United States; 
 born in armagh, ireland, 
 
 OCTOBER 27, A. D. 1822. 
 
 DIED IN CHICAGO 
 
 MAY 5, A. D. 1871. 
 
 Erected by the Clerks 
 
 in the service 
 
 1881 
 
 A life size bust of Mr. Armstrong surmounts the pedestal of polished 
 dark marble which rests on a base about three feet square. 
 
 The Other Public Buildings, including hospitals, asylums, infirm- 
 aries, police stations, engine houses, and school-houses, have been 
 noted in appropriate chapters. 
 
 
^he ®H£> <S)owmmenf. 
 
 THE VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT, THE 
 MAYORS, AND THE WATER SYSTEM. 
 
 THE City Government is reasonably well organized in both its legis- 
 lative and executive branches. Police, fire, health, law, finance, 
 education and other objects of municipal attention, are allotted to 
 proper control, and then almost everything else is thrown into a sort 
 of omnium gatherum, entitled the Department of Public Works. 
 
 The Legislative Power is vested in the Mayor and Board of Alder- 
 men, commonly called the City Council. The Mayor's term of office is 
 two years. The board has thirty-six members — two from each of 
 the eighteen wards, elected in alternate years for a term of two years 
 each. The Mayor presides over the deliberations of the body, or, if he 
 be absent, a member from the quorum present is called to the chair. 
 
 The following is a complete list of the mayors and the dates of 
 their election : 
 
 William B. Ogden, . 
 
 . May 
 
 2, 1837 
 
 Thomas Dyer, . 
 
 . Mar. 
 
 10 
 
 1856 
 
 Buckner S. Morris, 
 
 Mar. 
 
 C, 1838 
 
 John Wentworth, 
 
 Mar. 
 
 3 
 
 1857 
 
 B. W. Raymond, 
 
 . Mar. 
 
 5, 1839 
 
 John C. Haines, 
 
 . Mar. 
 
 2, 
 
 1858 
 
 Alexander Lloyd, 
 
 Mar. 
 
 3, 1840 
 
 John C. Haines, . 
 
 Mar. 
 
 1, 
 
 1859 
 
 Francis C. Sherman, 
 
 . Mar. 
 
 5, 1841 
 
 John Wentworth, . 
 
 . Mar. 
 
 6, 
 
 1860 
 
 Benj. W. Raymond, . 
 
 Mar. 
 
 7, 1842 
 
 Julian S. Rumsey, 
 
 Apr. 
 
 16, 
 
 1861 
 
 Augustus Garrett, . 
 
 . Mar. 
 
 7, 1843 
 
 Francis C. Sherman, 
 
 . Apr. 
 
 15, 
 
 1862 
 
 A. S. Sherman, 
 
 Mar. 
 
 7, 1844 
 
 Francis C. Sherman, . 
 
 Apr. 
 
 21, 
 
 1863 
 
 Augustus Garrett, . 
 
 . Mar. 
 
 5, 1845 
 
 John B. Rice, . 
 
 . Apr. 
 
 is, 
 
 1865 
 
 John P. Chapin, . 
 
 Mar. 
 
 3, 1846 
 
 John B. Rice, 
 
 Apr. 
 
 16, 
 
 1867 
 
 James Curtiss, . 
 
 . Mar. 
 
 2, 1847 
 
 Rpswell B. Mason, . 
 
 . Nov. 
 
 2, 
 
 1869 
 
 James H. Woodworth, 
 
 Mar. 
 
 7, 1848 
 
 Joseph Medill, 
 
 Nov. 
 
 7, 
 
 1871 
 
 James H. Woodworth, 
 
 . Mar. 
 
 0, 1849 
 
 Harvey D. Colvin, . 
 
 . Nov. 
 
 4, 
 
 1873 
 
 James Curtiss, 
 
 Mar. 
 
 5, 1850 
 
 Monroe Heath, 
 
 July 12, 
 
 1876 
 
 Walter S. Gurnee, . 
 
 . Mar. 
 
 4, 1851 
 
 Monroe Heath, . 
 
 . Apr. 
 
 3, 
 
 1877 
 
 Walter S. Gurnee, 
 
 Mar. 
 
 2,1852 
 
 Carter H. Harrison, 
 
 Apr. 
 
 1. 
 
 1879 
 
 Charles M. Gray, 
 
 . Mar. 
 
 14, 1 853 
 
 Carter H. Harrison, 
 
 . Apr. 
 
 5, 
 
 1881 
 
 Isaac L. Milliken, 
 
 Mar. 
 
 13, 1854 
 
 Carter H. Harrison, 
 
 Apr. 
 
 3, 
 
 1883 
 
 Levi D. Boone, 
 
 . Mar. 
 
 8, 1855 
 
 
 
 
 
 In 18G3 the term of office of mayor was extended from one to two 
 
70 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 years. In 1869 the time of holding the city election was changed 
 from April to November, and the persons then in office were continued 
 until the first Monday in December. The city was reorganized under 
 the general incorporation act in April, 1875, and consequently no 
 election was held in November of that year, but the persons in office 
 held over until July, 1876. In that year the City Council provided 
 for an election for city officers under the new incorporation, but 
 omitted all reference to the office of mayor. Nevertheless, a popular 
 vote was taken for mayor at the election, and Thomas Hoyne received 
 33,064. The canvass of the returns being made, the Council disre- 
 garded the vote for mayor, but the new Council canvassed the returns 
 and declared Mr. Hoyne elected. Mr. Colvin, the incumbent, declined 
 to yield possession, and the matter was taken to the courts, where the 
 case was decided against both contestants. A special election was 
 then ordered by Council and held July 12, 1876, resulting in the 
 election of Mr. Heath to serve till after the next regular election. 
 
 Measures can be passed over the mayor's veto only by an affirmative 
 vote of two-thirds of the board. The regular meetings are held every 
 Monday evening. The other city offices filled by general election are : 
 Clerk, Treasurer, and City Attorney. The heads of all the other depart- 
 ments, and the occupants of minor positions in the municipal service, 
 are appointed by the mayor, with the approval of the council. 
 
 The Law Department consists of a Corporation Counsel, City Attor- 
 ney and Prosecuting Attorney. 
 
 The Department of Finance is under the City Comptroller, City 
 Treasurer, and City Collector. 
 
 The Building Department is supervised by the Commissioner of 
 Buildings, assisted by a secretary and six inspectors. The building 
 laws require plans and specifications of all structures to be filed in this 
 department, and a permit issued by it, before the work of erection shall 
 begin. All fire escapes and elevators are also subject to inspection and 
 control by this department. 
 
 The Department of Public Works, the most ponderous bureau 
 of the corporation government, is under the supervision of a commis- 
 sioner, who is supported by a City Engineer. The heads of the sub-de- 
 partments are Superintendent of Sewerage ; Superintendent of Streets, 
 with a corps of street engineers; Superintendent of Maps, and Superin- 
 tendent of Water Collections, each being provided with the number of 
 assistants requisite to the proper direction of the host of minor employes. 
 The labors of the department of public works are many and difficult. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 71 
 
 The City's Water System affords notable evidence of the high 
 order of ability and engineering skill engaged in it. The peculiar and 
 stupenduous mechanism of the system by which Chicago obtains her 
 abundant supply 
 of water, was first 
 conceived by El- 
 lis S . Chesbrough, 
 then city engi- 
 neer,^ 1863, and 
 under his person- 
 al supervision the 
 entire work of 
 construction was 
 executed, and the 
 system pat in op- 
 eration. His plan 
 to obtain pure 
 water through a 
 tunnel extended 
 two miles under 
 the bed of the 
 lake was then gen- 
 erally regarded 
 as a visionary 
 scheme, that 
 would entail end- 
 less expense with- 
 out benefiting 
 the city. The 
 contractors for 
 constructing the 
 great tunnel and 
 crib were Messrs. 
 Dull & Gowan, of 
 Harrisburg, Pa., 
 
 and the Contract North Side Water Works Tower. 
 
 price was $315, 1 39. Work on the tunnel began March 1 7, 1 864, and the 
 last brick was laid Dec. 6. 1866, rapid progress having been made from 
 the lake end to a junction with the shore end from the time the " crib " 
 was finished and placed in position. The crib, which was built on shorQ 
 
72 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 and launched like a sea-vessel, is sixty feet high and constructed in 
 pentagonal form within a circumscribed circle of ninety-eight and one- 
 half feet diameter. It has three walls — the outer, the center and the 
 inner — which are firmly braced and bolted together, forming one great 
 structure. Each wall was calked and tarred like the hulk of a vessel, 
 before the three were joined together. White-oak timbers twelve 
 inches square were used for the upper twelve feet, and white pine of 
 the same dimensions for the remaining forty-eight feet. These tim- 
 bers are bolted together with square rods of iron. The bottom is com- 
 posed of three layers of twelve-inch timbers bolted together in an 
 equally firm manner. The crib contains fifteen water-tight compart- 
 ments, the " well," through which a hollow iron shaft nine feet in 
 diameter goes down thirty- one feet below the bottom of the lake, being 
 in the center. It was towed to its proper position in the lake, and 
 there sunk and weighted in its place with heavy stones. The tunnel, 
 which is five feet in diameter and two miles long, is sixty -six feet below 
 the surface level of the lake at the crib. It taps the shaft in the well 
 at a point which gives the water a "head" of eighteen feet, with a 
 velocity of four and two -tenths miles per hour, and will deliver 
 57,000,000 gallons daily into the great well under the water-works 
 building. From this well immense engines lift the water into the 
 stand-pipe, or " water tower," 175 feet high, whence by its own weight 
 it is distributed throughout the city. There are four engines at these 
 works which have, combined, 3,000 horse-power. The largest one — of 
 1,200 horse-power, with fly-wheel twenty-six feet in diameter — has a 
 capacity for pumping 2,750 gallons of water at each stroke. It cost 
 $200,000. These are the main works of the system, though generally 
 termed "North Side Water Works," and are situated at the foot of 
 Chicago Avenue. The first works erected were totally destroyed by 
 the fire of 1871, but they were speedily replaced by the present 
 enlarged constructions. A second and similar tunnel was constructed 
 from the crib to the new pumping works established on the West Side 
 at the corner of Ashland and Blue Island Avenues. This tunnel runs 
 in a southwesterly direction under the city, passing twice under the 
 bed of the river, and is six miles in length. The system, as a whole, is 
 conceded to be one of the grandest triumphs of modern engineering, 
 and is capable of furnishing the city with 104.000,000 gallons of water 
 daily, through over 500 miles of main and distributing pipes. It sup- 
 plies the fire department with an abundance of water through 4,144 
 fire hydrants. It has been perfected at an expense of about $10,000,- 
 
MARQVI& BAm-BOOR OF CHICAGO. 73 
 
 000. The crib is in charge of a keeper, who, with his family, resides 
 in a comfortable cottage erected on it. It is connected with the City 
 Hall by telephone, and is a notable stopping place for excursion boats 
 in the summer season. The North Side works are also a favorite resort 
 for thousands, being at the north terminus of Pine Street where ter- 
 minates, for the present, the Lake Shore drive which passes through 
 the handsome grounds of the works. 
 
 The Police Department is under the control of a General Superin- 
 tendent, appointed by the Mayor and subject to removal at any time. 
 The city is divided into five police precincts, which are subdivided 
 into sixteen districts — the first precinct containing four districts and 
 the remaining four precincts three districts each. General headquar- 
 ters are at the central station, located in the City Hall. The detail for 
 each precinct is under a captain, and each station is in charge of a lieu- 
 tenant with one patrol sergeant and two desk sergeants or station 
 keepers. The central detail, located at central station, is distinct from 
 the precinct commands, and is under a captain with sub-officers of like 
 rank as the district officers. The secretary is also the inspector of the 
 department. Jan. 1, 1884, the total number of men constituting the 
 police force, including officers, was 637. Of this number forty-seven 
 are officers, fifty-three occupy subaltern positions, twenty-two are in 
 the detective service, eighty-four in the signal service, forty-eight on 
 special detail, seventy-one on permanent post duty and 307 are patrol- 
 men — eighty on day duty and 227 on the night force. The remaining 
 five are classed as disabled. The ''central detail" was recently 
 increased by forty picked men from the different precincts, and now 
 numbers 100 experienced policemen. Tins branch is imperatively 
 demanded in order to protect life and limb and regulate teams in the 
 crowded thoroughfares of the city's business center. The men are on 
 permanent post duty at street crossings, bridges, tunnels, markets, 
 railroad depots and public buildings, a few being detailed to travel the 
 commercial heart of the city and enforce the ordinances relative to 
 street and sidewalk obstructions. They are distinguished from other 
 branches of the department by the device on their helmets, consisting 
 of a wreath encircling the initials "CD ;" by the absence of club and 
 belt, or even cane, and by their white-gloved hands and polite atten- 
 tion to pedestrians— ladies especially. The uniform of the entire force 
 is of dark navy blue cloth frock coat, buttoned from waist to collar, 
 vest and pants of the same, black belt, and helmet (or hat) bearing the 
 patrolman's number or designated rank of an officer. The ratio of the 
 
74 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 entire force to the population is one policeman to each 1,050 inhabi- 
 tants, or one night patrolman for each 3,000 and one day patrolman 
 for each 9,000 of the whole population. The average area assigned to 
 each night patrolman is eighty acres, and there is one day patrolman 
 for every 240 acres ; the aveiage number of buildings to be guarded 
 by one night patrolman is 350 ; by each day patrolman, 1,050. This 
 lack of numerical strength, however, is more than counterbalanced by 
 the efficiency of the police telephone and signal system. This valua- 
 ble acquisition is strictly a Chicago invention, having been suggested 
 by A. J. Doyle, chief of the police department, and devised by the city 
 
 electrician, Prof. John P. Barrett, and 
 first introduced in the department 
 in the fall of 1880. The results of 
 the first experi- 
 ment in the West 
 
 : ^' J^=M^ "j&ft&i " ~~"' Twelfth Street dis- 
 
 trict were so satis- 
 factory that the sys- 
 tem was adopted, 
 and is now in gen- 
 eral use through- 
 out the depart- 
 ment. The various 
 districts are all 
 connected by an 
 electric current 
 with the general 
 headquarters, and 
 from 375 patrol or street boxes, placed at the most promi- 
 nent street corners, there is a current going into the station of 
 the district in which each box is located. These street boxes are 
 octagon-shaped, with a gas-light on top, thus taking the places of ordi- 
 nary iron street lamp -posts. The interior contains the electric alarm 
 box, which in turn contains the chief principle of the system— the sig- 
 nal box, and also the telephone. The signal box is provided with a 
 dial, similar to that of a clock, with eleven spaces marked " fire," 
 " murder," " thieves," etc. When the pointer is placed on a space and 
 the signal current turned on, the station, through a companion device, 
 is at once apprised of the nature of the case, and the "patrol wagon" 
 responds fully prepared for the work on hand. The patrol wagon is a 
 
 The Police Patrol. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK Off CHICAGO. 75 
 
 police wagon and ambulance combined ; a hospital stretcher, hand- 
 cuffs, lantern, blankets, medicine-chest, and coil of rope for use at fires, 
 being constantly carried. Patrolmen are required to communicate with 
 their station by means of the telephone in the box, at stated periods. 
 The same description of signal box is placed in private residences, 
 banks, business houses, hotels, etc., and connected with the nearest 
 station on the same circuit as the street patrol box. The total valuation 
 of the property belonging to the police department is $353,419.09. 
 The total expenditures of the department during the year 1884 were 
 $703,579.66. Police courts are established in each police precinct 
 except the fourth, which was very recently created out of the third and 
 the old fourth — now the fifth — precincts. The court rooms are located 
 at the principal district station house in each precinct, and a session is 
 held every morning. The four police magistrates are appointed by the 
 Mayor of the city, subject to confirmation by the City Council. 
 
 The Fire Department, as first organized in Chicago, was a "leather 
 bucket corps." In the Historical Society's rooms can be seen the only 
 one of the buckets now in existence. The owner's initials, " C. S." — 
 Clement Stose— are still upon it. That beginning was in 1835. The 
 present superbly appointed department is the growth of the paid 
 service first organized in 1858. The Chief Engineer of the depart- 
 ment then, is the efficient Fire Marshal now— Dennis J. Swenie— who 
 for thirty-five years has been a competent member of the city's fire 
 force. The "Long John," named after Hon. John Wentworth, was 
 the first steamer placed in commission, and dates her entrance into 
 the service Dec. 25, 1858. Marshal Swenie was superseded in com- 
 mand in 1859, through the influence of the "old volunteer boys," who 
 opposed the pay system. Twenty years after, in 1879, he was ap- 
 pointed by the present Mayor to the position of Fire Marshal an 1 
 Chief of Brigade. The brigade comprises seven battalions, and the 
 uniform force consists of one Fire Marshal, one First Assistant Fire 
 Marshal, one Assistant Fire Marshal and Secretary, seven Assistant 
 Fire Marshals and Chiefs of Battalions, eighty-eight company officers 
 and 282 men, a total of 380. The Fire Alarm Telegraph Corps, num- 
 bering two officers and twelve men, together with two Clerks and one 
 Veterinary Surgeon, gives, as the total working force of the depart- 
 ment, 397 members. The apparatus is as follows : Thirty-three En- 
 gine Companies, nine Hook and Ladder Companies (two of which 
 operate a one-horse, two-wheeled, single tank chemical engine), and 
 three Chemical Engine Companies. Each engine is attended by a 
 
76 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 hose cart. There are in the service twenty-five two-wheeled carts, 
 each drawn by one horse, and fourteen four-wheeled carts, drawn by 
 two horses each. A notable feature in the way of special apparatus is 
 a portable standpipe and water tower, which can be raised to the 
 height of sixty-five feet, to reach fires in the upper or remote parts of 
 buildings. There are 189 horses in the department; the quantity of hose 
 on hand amounts to 37,782 feet; and the total length of ladders is 2,115 
 feet. The real estate is valued at $215,000, the thirty -eight buildings 
 at $304,650, and the apparatus at $568,878, making the total valua- 
 tion of all property in use by the department $1,088,528. The cost 
 of maintenance in 1883 was $556,551. The Fire Alarm Telegraph, 
 first introduced June 2, 1865, is now embraced in the city telegraph 
 system, which comprises all lines, telegraph and telephone, in the 
 police and fire service and the various other departments of the city 
 government. John P. Barrett is Superintendent. 
 
 The Health Department is under the Commissioner of Health. 
 His chief aids are three Medical Inspectors, one in each division of 
 the city ; a Registrar of Vital Statistics, Small-pox Hospital Physician, 
 Chemist, Chief Tenement and Factory Inspector, Secretary and Clerk. 
 The small-pox hospital work is lessened by house to house visits for 
 the purpose of vaccinating those who have not undergone that precau- 
 tionary treatment. The department also keeps a careful supervision 
 over the arrangements for safety and health of inmates of domiciles as 
 well as workshops. The law imposes a penalty for the erection of any 
 building without the Health Commissioner's approval of its plans for 
 ventilation, light, drainage and plumbing. The effect of this is a 
 marked increase of attention to sanitary arrangements on the part of 
 builders and owners of houses, and a low rate of mortality. The 
 authority of the department has a wide range, however, and the 
 results of its well directed labors in all branches of its jurisdiction 
 are clearly shown by the general improvement in the sanitary condi- 
 tion of the city. A great deal of valuable work is done by the 
 inspector of meats and stockyards, whose condemnations represent an 
 important contribution to the stock of public health ; as are also the 
 operations of the sanitary police, the scavengers, and others working 
 under the direction and control of this department. Oscar C. De 
 Wolf, M. D., has been Health Commissioner since 1879. 
 
 The Educational Department has been duly noted in the chapter 
 on the "Educational Institutions." 
 
"©he 'Miiliiia. 
 
 THE NATIONAL, STATE AND INDEPENDENT MILITARY 
 COMPANIES. 
 
 CHICAGO had some warlike training in the days of her pioneers, and 
 suffered at least one serious disaster, which is recorded in the 
 account of the massacre of Fort Dearborn.* The occupation of the 
 fort probably had some influence in nourishing the military spirit, as 
 there are accounts of early militia organizations, and the, city does not 
 seem to have been without something of the kind from the time the 
 population was sufficient to form even a Falstaffian company. Her vol- 
 unteers took a fair part in the Mexican war, and bore their full share in 
 the late war of the rebellion. Indeed, few centers of population played 
 so conspicuous a role in that bloody drama. From the first call for 
 volunteers her young men responded freely, and when the draft came 
 she supplied a large quota. The county and city were united in the 
 drafts, but much the largest portion was of course always drawn from 
 the city. The aggregate drafts were for 24,069 men, and when the war 
 ended 22,436 of these had been furnished, with one draft held in 
 abeyance. In bounties, $2,571,272 had been paid out ; $90,809 had 
 been distributed among the families of soldiers ; and the Board of 
 Trade had distributed $220,000, and the Merchants' Association $75,- 
 000 in the same way, besides sending out a battery of artillery each. 
 
 The total actual cost to Chicago and Cook County was over $4,000,- 
 000, and the share of the city and county in the total general expenses 
 of the war is estimated at $58,000,000. Below the then southern 
 limits of the city, on the lake shore, were situated the prisons of Camp 
 Douglas, where so many thousands of Confederate prisoners were con- 
 fined during the conflict. The ground on which the camp stood is now 
 covered with fine residences, and is one of the most pleasant of the 
 resident, portions of the city. The great national sanitary fair was held 
 in Chicago during the war, and an immense sum was accumulated for 
 the use of the sick and wounded Federal soldiers. The military spirit 
 
 * §ee first chap'er in this volume. 
 
78 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 is not dead among the people, although the parsimonious course of the 
 state toward military organizations is well calculated to starve it out. 
 
 The Division of the Missouri, U. S. A., including the states lying 
 west of the Mississippi Eiver and east of Utah, together Avith Illinois 
 and Wisconsin, is under the command of Maj.-Gen. John M. Schofleld, 
 who took command on the first of November, 1883, upon the removal 
 of Lieut. -Gen. Sheridan to Washington. The headquarters, which were 
 for a long time located in the Honore Building, 204 Dearborn Street, 
 were removed May 1, 1884, to the fourth floor of the new Pullman 
 Building, corner of Adams Street and Michigan Avenue. There are no 
 troops stationed here, excepting a few on detail as clerks to assist Gen. 
 Schofleld and the other officers. There is a recruiting office for infantry 
 at No. 9 South Clark Street, with a few men under Capt. Chas. W. 
 
 Miner, of the Twenty- second 
 Infantry, and one for cavalry 
 under First Lieut. Gustavus C. 
 Doane, Second Cavalry, at No. 
 18 South Clark Street. The 
 Department of the Missouri, 
 which belongs to the Division 
 of the Missouri, and of which 
 the state of Illinois is a part, is 
 under command of Brig. -Gen. 
 Auger, with headquarters at 
 Fort Leavenworth, Kan. 
 
 The Illinois National Guard 
 is composed of two brigades of 
 infantry with cavalry and bat- 
 tery attachments. The law for 
 their organization and govern- 
 ment went into effect in July, 
 1877. The First Brigade has 
 First Regiment (Infantry) Armory, 24 Jackson St. its headquarters in Chicago, 
 
 under command of Brig.-Gen. Chas. Fitz-Simons. His staff is com- 
 posed of an adjt. -general, a judge advocate, inspector general, quar- 
 termaster general, commissary general, inspector of rifle practice, 
 surgeon, and two aides-de-camp. The brigade is composed of the 
 First Eegiment of Infantry, Col. E. B. Kiiok ; the Second Eegiment 
 of Infantry, Col. H. A. Wheeler ; the Third Eegiment of Infantry, Col. 
 Q, M, ^a.zee; the Fourth Eegiment of Infantry, Col. Fred L. Ben- 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 79 
 
 net; the First Kegiment of Cavalry, Lieut. -Col. Dominick Welter; 
 Battery C, Maj. Wm. M. Wood ; Battery D, Maj. Edgar P. Tobey. The 
 armory of the First Infantry is at No. 24 Jackson Street, where drills 
 are held nightly by one or the other of the companies. The building 
 is of stone, rather massive in appearance, but not large enough to 
 properly accommodate the regiment in drill. It is occupied, on a ten 
 years' lease. The Second Infantry occupy rooms at No. 179 Kandolph 
 Street. The armory of Battery D is a building 140X200 feet in size, at 
 the corner of Michigan Avenue and Monroe Street. It was built by Bat- 
 tery D with contributions from citizens, and is well suited for their 
 purpose. The armory of the First Cavalry is of the same size as that 
 of Battery D, and adjoining it on Michigan Avenue. The brigade head- 
 quarters are also located in offices in this building. The State Guards 
 hold a brigade encampment once a year. The brigade numbers about 
 2,500 men, about 1,500 of them located in Chicago. The state furnishes 
 the guns and accoutrem nts, and allows each man $1 per day for four 
 days' encampment, every year, and pays the armory rents. Further 
 than this it does nothing, but the regiments and companies have held 
 together in the hope that an appropriation would be secured, similar 
 to those of New York and Pennsylvania. Th e local commands are largely 
 composed of young men of excellent families. The Second Brigade, 
 with headquarters at Springfield, consists of about the same number of 
 men as the First Brigade, but has only one battery of artillery and no 
 cavalry. 
 
 The Chicago Light Infantry (colored) was organized in 1879, and 
 has been partially uniformed and equipped by the state. It consists 
 of about sixty-five men at present, with Alex Brown as captain. The 
 commanding officer of the State Guard has so far refused to recognize 
 the company as a part of the regularly organized State Guard, princi- 
 pally on the ground of the disreputable character of its members. 
 
 The Other Military Companies are wholly independent organiza- 
 tions. Of these the 
 
 Hibernian Riflesare the oldest and decidedly the st ongest in num- 
 bers, consisting at present of seven companies, aggregating about 500 
 men, all of Irish descent and members of the Ancient Order of Hiber- 
 nians. The headquarters are at No. 192 East Washington Street. The 
 organization partakes largely of a social nature. John Kinsella is Lieut. - 
 Col. commanding. 
 
 The Clan-Na-Gael Guards were first organized in 1875 ; afterward 
 disbanded, and reorganized in 1882. They are hoav in a prosperous 
 
80 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 condition, own appropriate uniforms and guns, and have a balance in 
 the treasury. Aside from its military character, the company looks to 
 the social and benevolent interests of its sixty-eight members, who, 
 like the Hibernian Rifles, are all Irishmen. Drills are held at 192 East 
 Washington Street. The Captain is L. P. Buckley. 
 
 The Lackey Zouaves were organized by G. W. Lackey, who was 
 colonel of an Illinois regiment in the late war, and from whom the 
 Zouaves took their name, in May, 1877. Soon after the company's 
 organization it was ordered to the assistance of the First Eegiment of 
 the State Guard, in the July riots of that year. Failing in health, Col. 
 Lackey was succeeded as captain of the company about two years ago 
 by W. W. Hammell. The latter gave up the position some months ago 
 and at this writing (Sept., 1884,) the company is without a commander, 
 and is practically inactive, though it is intact, and financially prosper- 
 ous. There are at present thirty-five men, uniformed and otherwise 
 equipped. The headquarters at present are at the office of J. Dalton, 
 181 M nroe Street. 
 
THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PARKS AND SQUARES, THE BOULE- 
 VARDS, AND DOUGLAS MONUMENT. 
 
 THE parks and boulevards of Chicago supply the great need of her 
 teeming population for healthful recreation amid attractive sur- 
 roundings, which all may enjoy with a feeling of common proprietor- 
 ship. The smaller parks, although very beautiful and useful in their 
 way, could not meet the wants of a city which had outgrown their 
 capacity, and out of the demand for something larger and grander 
 grew the magnificent system of parks and boulevards that to-day 
 almost encircle the city. The initial steps toward this system, which 
 was conceived on a scale of great magnitude, were taken some eighteen 
 years ago, although no decisive measure was reached till some time 
 later, when, through the efforts of public spirited citizens, the legisla- 
 ture began to pass bills for the establishment, control and maintenance 
 of the parks, and the people, entering into the spirit of the improve- 
 ment, accepted the burden of expense. From that time the develop- 
 ment of the system, although not yet complete, has been one of the 
 most remarkable of the many wonderful growths of Chicago, and but 
 for the interruption of the great fire it would be much farther advanced 
 than it now is. The system comprises a chain of parks, including Lin- 
 coln Park on the North Side, Humboldt, Garfield and Douglas Parks on 
 the West Side, and Washington, Jackson and Gage Parks and Midway 
 Plaisance on the South Side. The latter four and the northern portion of 
 Lincoln Park lie outside of the present city limits. The combined area 
 of these parks is 1,879 acres, and they are connected by boulevards 
 complete or contemplated. Most of the land taken for this system of 
 parks was located on the open prairie, with only bits of stunted timber 
 here and there, and without natural advantages that could be utilized 
 in preparing the attractive features of the landscapes. The lakes were 
 dug, the variations in the surface were laboriously made, and, in fact, 
 all the artistic designs are of artificial construction, and were wrought 
 out with much toil and painstaking. Nearly all of the varied vegeta- 
 tion was procured by the transplanting of trees, plants and grasses from 
 C 
 
82 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 other points, in many cases from other states, and it is only by constant, 
 labor nnder the direction of the highest skill that the parks have grown 
 from a dead level of a treeless soil into landscapes of infinite variety 
 and surpassing beauty. The boulevards are of uniform construc- 
 tion, paved with macadam, as a rule. Most of them are bordered 
 with elms which have been taken from their native habitat and 
 replanted here. The trees ranged from thirty to sixty feet in height at 
 the time of their transplanting, and have since required infinite care to 
 secure them against injurious effects from the change of soil and 
 climate and prairie winds. They are generally set in grassy strips 
 along the borders of the boulevards, between the outer edges of the 
 sidewalks and the curbing, and when full grown will give the drives the 
 appearance of broad country lanes. None of the parks, and but few 
 boulevards are yet completed, although they are well advanced, and 
 steadily progressing toward completion, but there are fountains and 
 statuary, and many other features of ornamentation to be provided, 
 and large unimproved portions of the parks to be brought under the 
 hand of the landscape gardener. The boulevard park system consists 
 of three divisions, corresponding to the divisions of the city in which 
 they are located, each supported in whole or. in part by a tax on its 
 division, and managed by commissioners appointed by the state from 
 among citizens of the highest standing in the community. 
 
 Lincoln Park, the oldest of the boulevard parks, lies in the North 
 Side, between the lake and North Clark Street, stretching along the 
 lake shore from North Avenue on the south to Diversey Avenue on the 
 north, a distance of about one and a half miles. Twenty years ago the 
 old Chicago Cemetery occupied the southern portion of the land, but 
 as it was encroached upon by the city the ground was condemned for 
 park purposes, and the bodies removed, as noted in the chapter on 
 " The Burial Places." On a wooded knoll west of the main drive stands 
 a square stone vault or mausoleum, enclosed with an iron fence and 
 having over its somber portal the single word : 
 
 
 
 
 
 COUCH, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Not far from this, and hidden amid shrubbery, is a family lot with 
 broken gravestones and trampled mounds, the whole enclosed with 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 83 
 
 heavy stone curbing. On a prostrate slab one reads this tender record 
 of a young mother and her child : 
 
 REBECCA, 
 
 WIFE OF 
 
 ELIJAH P EACOCK 
 DIED 
 
 February 10, 1850, 
 
 /E. 29 YEARS. 
 
 ALSO, WILLIAM, 
 
 Their Son, 
 Died Feb. 19, 1850, /E. 8 Mos. 
 
 SHE DIED IN BEAUTY, LIKE A ROSE 
 BLOWN FROM ITS PARENT STEM; 
 
 SHE DIED IN BEAUTY, LIKE A PEARL 
 DROPPED FROM SOME DIADEM. 
 
 These are about all that remain to indicate the former use of the 
 ground. The park at first contained about sixty acres, but it has since 
 been gradually extended until its area has grown to 250 acres. Its 
 connection with the boulevard system dates from 1869, when the leg- 
 islature provided for its maintenance and improvement, and appointed 
 its first Board of Commissioners. The park has eight miles of drives, 
 nine miles of walks, seven bridges, two tunnels and twenty acres of 
 lake surface. From the magnificent lake shore drive, which extends 
 from Oak Street to the northernmost limit of the park, the panorama 
 on either side is one of unrivaled beauty. On the west is the park 
 with its succession of landscapes, each different from the others, yet 
 perfect in itself, and on the east is the lake flashing its ever-changing 
 hues upon the vision, its rippled surface dotted with sails and steamers, 
 and at night the red gleam of the lighthouses in the distance, and the 
 lights of the vessels that move fitfully about, and the weird moonlight 
 •that, falling upon its dimpled face, is shivered into millions of radiant 
 beams. There is a long artificial lake of some twelve acres in the 
 southern half of the park, and a smaller one of eight acres in the 
 northwest section . The zoological department contains an interesting 
 collection of animals and birds. The list embraces sea-lions, prairie 
 dogs, several varieties of bears, antelopes, buffalos, deer, foxes, rac- 
 coons, woIvjs, etc. A young buffalo was born recently and this is said 
 to be the only known event of the kind while the mother was in cap- 
 tivity. The floral department is a striking and attractive feature. 
 
,84 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 About 100,000 plants of different colors are displayed in beds artisti- 
 cally shaped and arranged, and the conservatories contain a large array 
 of the most beautiful and curious tropical plants and flowers. A strik- 
 ing Indian group in bronze, life size and standing upon a massive 
 granite pedestal, is the gift of Mr. Martin Eyerson. The Lincoln mon- 
 ument, provided for by the munificent legacy of $50,000 left by the 
 late Eli Bates, of this city, is in progress under the able hands of Mr. 
 
 A Scene in Lincoln Park. 
 
 St. Gaudiens. When completed, it will be given a central location. It 
 is conceded by judges of art who have inspected the design, that this 
 will be one of the finest works of the kind ever erected to the mem >ry 
 of the eminent Illinoisan. The refectory, semi- Swiss in design, is 
 located near the boat landing on the north border of the larger lake, 
 on the line of the main drives. The park has a system of water-works 
 of its own, which supplies a large and handsome drinking fountain for 
 horses in the northern part, another on the lake shore drive, and 
 innumerable hydrants and springs at almost every turn. There are 
 two artesian wells, one near the animal quarters and the other on the 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 85 
 
 northwest side. The park is illuminated at night by fifty arc electric 
 lights, placed upon high poles. The music stand is located east of the 
 ridge drive, and the expense of occasional summer concerts is defrayed 
 mainly by contributions of citizens of the North Side. The south lawn 
 is used for base-ball, cricket, lawn tennis, archery and military and 
 police drills and parades. Along the west line is a fine promenade of 
 granolith sixteen feet wide and 3,000 feet in length. 
 
 Humboldt Park is the most northern park in the city. It is situ- 
 ated four miles northwest from the City Hall, between West North 
 Avenue on the north and Augusta Street on the south, with North 
 Kedzie Avenue on the west and North California Avenue on the east. 
 It is reached from the city by the Milwaukee Avenue and West North 
 Avenue horse-car line ; from the north by Humboldt Boulevard, and 
 from the south by Central Boulevard. Lying out on the prairie, it is 
 swept by the southwest winds which for so much of the year play 
 over the city. It contains 200 acres and in many respects is one of 
 the most charming parks in the city. It is densely covered in places 
 with groups of trees, which show between them lawns and meadows 
 in pleasing variety. The lakes are a special feature. They cover a 
 large portion of the area, and afford excellent rowing. The boat land- 
 ing is near the refreshment pavilion, and the band stand is conven- 
 iently situated for rowing parties to enjoy the Sunday concerts that 
 constitute one of the great attractions of the park during the summer. 
 There are a conservatory, cascades, grottoes and drinking fountains for 
 men and animals. An artesian well 1,155 feet in depth yields water 
 of high medicinal qualities, similar in many respects to the mineral 
 waters of Garfield and Douglas Parks. The following is the analysis 
 of a wine gallon of the Avater : 
 
 Chloride of Magnesium, 7.702 grains., Carbonate of Iron, . . . 0.0G5 grains 
 
 Sulphate of Soda, . . 23.211 " Silicate of Soda, , . , 0.7C3 " 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesia, . 4.132 " Alumina, ...... traces. 
 
 Sulphate of Lime, . . 10.229 " Sulphuretted Hydrogen, faint traces. 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, . . 12.131 " Organic Substances, . . none. 
 
 Total, 58.233 grain?. 
 
 Free Carbonic Acid, . . . . . 11.13 cubic inches. 
 Temperature at the Well G3.5 ° Fahrenheit. 
 
 The lands for the park cost $241,157, without improvements. 
 
 Garfield Park was formerly known as Central Park, but after the 
 death of President Garfield, that name was changed to the present 
 one as a tribute to the memory of the illustrious dead. It is the most 
 
86 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 western park of the great encircling system, and lies from four to five 
 miles west from the City Hall, stretching between Colorado Avenue on 
 the south and West Kinzie Street on the north. It is reached by the 
 Madison Street, Lake Street and Kandolph Street car lines, and by 
 Washington Boulevard. It contains 185 acres of ground, which cost, 
 unimproved, $456,596. The seventeen-acre lake in the central part 
 of the grounds has two miniature islands. The refreshment pavilion 
 has breezy balconies and piazzas affording fine views. The boat land- 
 ing is 300 feet in length. Over 30,000 plants are propagated in the 
 conservatory every year. There is a handsome drinking fountain for 
 horses, which was presented by the Illinois Humane Society, the cost 
 of its construction being contributed by Mrs. Mancel Talcott. The 
 artesian well, sunk to a depth of 2,200 feet, is a center of attraction. 
 Hundreds of visitors go daily to drink the water, and many carry it 
 away in bottles and jugs for home consumption. It is saline and 
 chalybeate, and possessed of valuable medicinal properties for cases 
 of ansemia, indigestion, diseases of the urinary organs, rheumatism 
 and kindred complaints. The folloAving is the analysis : 
 
 Chloride of Magnesium, 
 
 8.352 
 
 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Soda,. . . 
 
 13.645 grains 
 
 Chloride of Sodium, 
 
 87.491 
 
 " 
 
 Silicate of Soda, . . . 
 
 0.508 " 
 
 Bromide of Magnesium, 
 
 0.301 
 
 " 
 
 Alumina, , , , . . 
 
 traces. 
 
 Sulphate of Lime, . . 
 
 1.114 
 
 " 
 
 Organic Substances. . 
 
 none. 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, . . 
 
 14.802 
 
 «• 
 
 Sulphuretted Hydrogen, 
 
 none. 
 
 Carbonate of Iron, . . 
 
 0.712 
 
 K 
 
 
 
 
 Total, 146.925 grains. 
 
 Free Carbonic Acid, . „ . . . 13.44 cubic inches. 
 Temperature at the Well 71.4° Fahrenheit. 
 
 Water flows from the well at the rate of 150 gallons per minute. A 
 pretty sight is a small cataract known as "miniature Niagara," falling 
 from a basin on the top of the rocky grotto at the mouth of the well. 
 There are wooden, stone and iron bridges, and different shaped lawns, 
 with walks and drives, all of which are bordered with trees, beds of 
 flowers, and all the other accessories of the landscape gardener's art. 
 There are three miles of foot-paths and a driveway of about two miles. 
 The southern portion of the park grounds, comprising sixty-seven 
 acres, lying just south of Madison Street, is as yet unimproved, and 
 has long been occupied as a driving park by the Central Driving Park 
 Association. 
 
 Douglas Park, four miles southwest of the City Hall, lies on the 
 open prairie. It is slightly smaller than either of the other West 
 Side parks of the system, containing only 180 acres. It is west of 
 
Scenes in Washington Park. 
 
88 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 California Avenue, between Twelfth Street on the north and Nine- 
 teenth Street on the south. It is reached from the city by the Madison 
 Street and Ogden Avenue horse-cars. Douglas Boulevard forms a 
 connection Avith Garfield Park on the north. The park itself has 
 numerous attractive features. The artesian well in an embowered 
 grotto, feeds the lake, and is visited by many on account of the me- 
 dicinal properties of its water, which is not, however, considered as 
 valuable in that respect as the water from the well in Garfield Park. 
 An analysis of the water shows that a wine gallon is composed as 
 follows : 
 
 Chloride of Magnesium, 3.236 grains. Carbonate of Iron, . . . 0.103 grains. 
 
 Chloride of Sodium, . 2.320 " Silicate of Soda, . . . 0.731 
 
 Sulphate of Soda, . . 28.321 " Alumina, traces. 
 
 Sulphate of Lime, . . 6.422 " Sulphuretted Hydrogen, faint traces. 
 
 Carbonate of Lime, . . 11.149 " Organic Substances, . . none. 
 
 Total, 57.282 grains. 
 
 Free Carbonic Acid, „ . *•'... 10.22 cubic inches. 
 Temperature at Well, 57.1 ° Fahrenheit. 
 
 The conservatory and propagating houses are spacious ; over 60,000 
 plants are transplanted from them every year. Grassy lawns are used 
 for base ball and croquet playing. From the balconies of the unique 
 refectory is had a fine view of the lake, eleven acres in extent, and 
 the most striking vistas of the grounds. It is in Douglas Park that 
 the Chinese congregate in the month of August to perform one of 
 their religious ceremonies, which is celebrated by the flying of kites 
 of the most curious shapes and patterns, many of them representing 
 animals, which, perhaps, never existed save in the excited imagina- 
 tions that pictured them. The original cost of the lands of Douglas 
 Park was $241,157. 
 
 South Parks is the name by which Washington and Jackson Parks, 
 connected by Midway Plaisance, are collectively known. The total 
 cost of the ground for these parks, including expenses of quieting 
 title, and ground for connecting boulevard, was $3,208,000. 
 
 Washington Park lies between six and seven miles south of the 
 City Hall, and extends from Fifty-first to Sixtieth Streets, between 
 Cottage Grove and Kankakee Avenues. It is more than a mile from 
 the lake shore, contains 371 acres, and is reached by the State Street 
 and Wabash Avenue cable-cars, over Indiana and Cottage Grove Ave- 
 nues, by Michigan Avenue, Drexel and Grand Boulevards, and by the 
 phaetons and the dummy line from Oakwood Boulevard. The artesian 
 
 
Scenes in Washington Park. 
 
90 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 well is 1,643 feet deep, and the water is someAvhat similar to that 
 of Garfield and Douglas Parks. It supplies a large portion of the 
 water required, some being drawn from Hyde Park. The conservatory 
 is a very handsome structure, 40x120 feet, containing a splendid col- 
 lection of tropical plants, and there are nin^ spacious propagating 
 houses, and a cactus house. About 170,000 plants are set out annually. 
 One of the attractions of this park is the "Meadow," which contains 
 about 100 acres, and is belted by beautiful lines of timber. The 
 "Mere "is a winding lake of thirteen acres. The Park Eetreat is a 
 wooden building three stories in height. It is of ornamental archi- 
 tecture, and is used as a restaurant, and for the offices of the local 
 management. The stable is one of the attractions. It is built of 
 stone in the form of a Greek cross, is 325x200 feet in its greatest 
 diameters, and will accommodate 100 horses. The portion allotted 
 to the horses is said to be the most complete thing of the kind in the 
 world. It is in the form of a circle, and the stalls are ranged in two 
 concentric rings with an alley between. The phaetons used for the 
 transportation of visitors to and through the parks are kept in this 
 building. The cost of the unique structure was $40,000. The phaeton 
 horses are all iron-gray, and are selected with a careful eye to their 
 beauty of form and adaptability to the service. Both Grand and 
 Drexel Boulevards are traversed by the phaetons, which make regular 
 trips at short intervals to Oakwood Boulevard for passengers, and the 
 number of persons carried during the season has reached 45,000, 
 and is steadily increasing. A prominent feature near the entrance of 
 Drexel Boulevard is a large drinking fountain for horses. Permits for 
 base ball, croquet, archery, etc., are always granted on proper appli- 
 cation. 
 
 Jackson Park lies along the shore of Lake Michigan, between seven 
 and eight miles from the City Hall. It contains 593 acres, of which 
 84 are improved, and extends from Fifty-sixth to Sixty-seventh Streets, 
 Stony Island Avenue forming the western boundary. It is reached by 
 the dummy engine from Oakwood Boulevard, and by the phaetons 
 from the same point, all of which connect with South Side horse -cars, 
 and also by the Illinois Central trains. There are two broad covered 
 dancing platforms in the unimproved portion for picnic parties. The 
 system of interior lakes, covering 1 65 acres, is connected with Lake 
 Michigan by an inlet north of the pier. The lakes are of sinuous out- 
 line, with many small bays and inlets extending into the surrounding 
 grounds, and when finished as designed, will constitute the prominent 
 
92 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 feature of the park. The main entrance is at Fifty-seventh Street, 
 where the visitor leaves the depot of the Illinois Central Railroad at 
 South Park Station, and at once confronts the most charming scene, 
 — spreading trees and beds of flowers in the summer, with a broad, open 
 meadow beyond. From many points there are fine views of the park, 
 and of Lake Michigan and its hundreds of amphibious craft. A break- 
 water is in process of construction for the protection of the shore 
 from erosion by the waves, and the beach is being laid with stone block 
 pavement for the same purpose. The occasional summer concerts draw 
 many visitors. Jackson is destined to be one of the finest and most 
 attractive, as it is now the largest, of the boulevard parks. 
 
 Midway Plaisance extends from Jackson Park to Washington Park, 
 between Fifty-ninth and Sixtieth Streets. It was intended to connect 
 the two parks both by boulevard and basin, the latter uniting the lake 
 systems of the parks, but it will be years before the costly design of 
 the basin can be completed. It is one and one-tenth miles in length, 
 and contains eighty acres. It is to be handsomely improved, and will 
 be one of the pleasantest portions of the South Parks division. 
 
 Gage Park, the smallest of this system, is a neat park of twenty 
 acres situated about four miles west of Washington Park, at the junc- 
 tion of Garfield and Western Avenue Boulevards. 
 
 The Other Parks are under the management of the city govern- 
 ment. They are distributed miscellaneously throughout the city. In 
 the West Division are Union, Jefferson, Wicker, Vernon, Congress and 
 Campbell Parks. Union Park is nearly two miles west of the City 
 Hall, on the line of Washington Boulevard, on the east side of 
 Ashland Avenue and the south side of West Lake Street. It contains 
 fourteen and four-fifths acres. It has a small lake, mounds, a fountain 
 and several cages of animals, the most conspicuous of which is a 
 monstrous grizzly bear. The park is not in good repair, owing to 
 neglect, but is still an interesting place of resort. A movement is 
 extant to have its management transferred to the West Chicago Park 
 Commissioners, when it is hoped that its pristine beauty will be 
 restored. Jefferson Park is about one and a half miles south and west 
 from the City Hall, occupying one large block of five and a half 
 acres, bounded by Adams, Throop, Monroe and Loomis Streets. It 
 has a lake, a fountain and a grotto, and is a very charming little 
 feature of the vicinity. Vernon Park lies nearly two miles southwest 
 of the City Hall, stretching along the north side of West Polk 
 Street, between Center Avenue and Loomis Street, and contains 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 93 
 
 k 
 
 nearly four acres. Wicker Park lies three miles northwest of the City 
 Hall, and one block south of Milwaukee Avenue, within the angle 
 formed by the junction of Park, North Kobey and Fowler Streets, and 
 contains four acres attractively arranged. Congress and Campbell 
 Parks contain seven-tenths and 
 one-half acre, respectively. In the 
 North Side, Washington Square, 
 containing tw r o and a quarter acres 
 prettily laid out,lies between North 
 Clark Street and Dearborn Ave- 
 nue, and Washington and Lafay- 
 ette Places. Union Square con- 
 tains a half acre . It forms the north- 
 west quarter of the block bounded 
 by Goethe, Scott, Astor and Stone 
 Streets. In the South Side is Lake 
 Park, the largest of the city parks. 
 It extends from Eandolph to 
 Twelfth Street, between Michigan 
 Avenue and the strip of ground 
 along the lake shore occupied by 
 the Illinois Central Eailroad. It 
 contains forty- one acres, has some 
 small trees and some walks and 
 benches, but is not much frequent- 
 ed except by idlers. Dearborn 
 Park is simply an open half-square 
 without cultivation, on the west 
 line of Michigan Avenue, betwe?n 
 Washington and Eandolph Streets. 
 Groveland and Woodlawn Parks 
 are contiguous, lying between Cot- 
 tage Grove Avenue and the lake, 
 near Thirty - fifth Street, and 
 acres of ground. The former 
 looking elms, vine - covered and 
 
 Douglas Monument. 
 
 each contains four and a half 
 is a picturesque wood of ancient- 
 
 threaded with shady walks. 
 Opposite these parks, on the west side of Cottage Grove Avenue, are 
 the grounds of the Chicago University, which, together with those of 
 the parks, were donated by that gifted citizen of Illinois. Senator 
 Stephen A. Douglas, whose family mansion occupied the immediate 
 
94 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 vicinity for many years prior to his death. The mausoleum contain- 
 ing the remains of the Senator is located on a plat of ground border- 
 ing upon Woodlawn Park, near the eastern terminus of Douglas Ave- 
 nue, and overlooking Lake Michigan. Towering above the mausoleum 
 to the height of 104 feet is a noble monument in memory of the dis- 
 tinguished statesman, orator and citizen. Surmounting this is an 
 admirable and very life-like bronze statue of Mr. Douglas, executed 
 by the Chicago artist, Leonard Volk. The mausoleum and shaft are of 
 granite. At the corners are four bronze female figures, seated on 
 granite pedestals, each inscribed with the character respectively rep- 
 resented, viz: "Illinois," "History," "Justice," "Eloquence." The 
 marble sarcophagus in the crypt bears on its side the following in- 
 scription ; 
 
 STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS, 
 
 BORN 
 
 APRIL 23, 1813, 
 
 DIED 
 
 JUNE 3, 1861. 
 
 TELL MY CHILDREN TO OBEY THE LAWS AND 
 UPHOLD THE CONSTITUTION." 
 
 The cost of this magnificent tribute of respect was about $100,000. 
 Ellis Park is a pleasant little place of three and three -eighths acres, 
 lying four miles south of the court-house, between Cottage Grove and 
 Vincennes Avenues, at the Thirty-seventh Street crossing. Aldine 
 Square, at Thirty-seventh Street and Vincennes Avenue, is an enclosed 
 park of one and a half acres, handsomely arranged, and, like Grove- 
 land and Woodlawn Parks, surrounded by elegant and costly mansions. 
 All three, too, are maintained in the same manner, viz : by special tax 
 levied for the purpose on abutting property. 
 
 Michigan Avenue Boulevard commences at Jackson Street and 
 extends south for about three and one-fourth miles to Thirty-fifth 
 Street. It is 100 feet wide and is completed its entire length. It is a 
 fashionable drive, one of the finest in the country, and runs through 
 one of the richest residence sections of the South Side. 
 
 Thirty-fifth Street Boulevard commences at the south end of Mich- 
 igan Avenue Boulevard, and extends eastward about one-third of a 
 mile, where it connects with Grand Boulevard. It is sixty-six feet 
 wide, and is completed its entire length. 
 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 95 
 
 Grand Boulevard commences at its junction with the east end of 
 Thirty-fifth Street Boulevard, and extends directly south for a distance 
 of two miles, where it enters the northwest corner of Washington 
 Park. It is 198 feet wide and has a broad central driveway which runs 
 between wide grass strips bearing double rows of trees. Outside of 
 these are roadways thirty-three feet wide, the one on the east being for 
 traffic and that on the west for equestrians. Along the outer borders 
 of the roadways are strips of grass bearing single rows of trees, and 
 outside of these are the footways with a line of trees along the outer 
 
 border of each. There are many handsome residences along the 
 boulevard, and others in course of construction, and in favorable 
 weather it is thronged with people of both sexes on horseback and in 
 vehicles. 
 
 Oakwood Boulevard commences at Grand Boulevard and Thirty- 
 ninth Street, and extends eastward a half mile to the north end of 
 Drexel Boulevard. It is 100 feet wide, and is completed its entire 
 length. At its junction with Drexel Boulevard stands "The Cottage," 
 a very handsome building erected by the South Park commissioners as 
 a waiting-room for passengers desiring to take the phaetons or the 
 dummy train for South Parks. 
 
96 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Drexel Boulevard is the gem of the boulevard system. It com- 
 mences at the east end of Oakwood Boulevard and running south 
 parallel with Grand Boulevard to Fifty-second Street, turns east for 
 one block and enters Washington Park one square south of its northern 
 boundary. It is 200 feet wide and 1.48 miles long, and has 3.05 
 miles of completed driveways. There is a broad central strip through- 
 out the entire length, planted with trees and shrubbery, and orna- 
 mented with sinuous walks and grass plats and beds and borders of 
 flowers, and foliage plants, in various designs, among which a mag- 
 nificent flower-decked elevation known as " The Mound," shown in 
 
 the illustration on page 89, attracts 
 universal attention. There is also, 
 near the park end, a wonderful tri- 
 umph of the florist's art in the 
 shape of an elephant, composed of 
 growing cacti, and remarkably cor- 
 rect in outline. At Fifty-first Street 
 stands the splendid fountain dona- 
 ted by the Messrs. Drexel, of Phila- 
 delphia, in honor of whom the 
 boulevard was named. Along either 
 side of the central space is a broad 
 driveway as level and smooth as a 
 floor, and thronged on pleasant 
 evenings with vehicles containing 
 representatives of the wealth and 
 fashion of the city, many of them 
 occupants of the handsome villas 
 along the boulevard, or owners of others that are being erected there. 
 Drexel Boulevard was modeled after Avenue 1' Imperatrice, Paris, and 
 with the highest order of taste in design, and of skill in execution, 
 nothing has been omitted that could add to its attractiveness, and it is 
 conceded that it surpasses its prototype. 
 
 Garfield Boulevard is planned on a grand scale. Its design is similar 
 to that of Grand Boulevard, having a broad central driveway with a 
 row of trees and grass plats and shrubbery on either side, outside of 
 which are roadways for traffic and for equestrian exercise, the whole 
 plan being laid within a lane of elms. It is 200 feet wide, and has a 
 total length of three and one-half miles, and the ways thus far com- 
 pleted aggregate three and three-fourths miles in length. It leaves 
 
 Drexel Fountain. 
 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 97 
 
 Washington Park at Fifty-fifth Street, and extends west along the line 
 of that street to Gage Park, through which it connects with 
 
 Western Avenue Boulevard, which is also planned on a similar 
 scale and of kindred design with Grand Boulevard. It is 200 feet 
 wide, and runs directly north from Gage Park to the Illinois & Mich- 
 igan Canal, a distance of nearly three miles, but only a little over three - 
 fourths of a mile of roadway is completed. The plan contemplates its 
 extension from its present terminus north to Thirty-first Street, west 
 to California Avenue, north to Laughton Street, west to Sacramento 
 Avenue, and north to Douglas Park, thus completing the connection 
 between the South Side and West Side divisions of the system by a 
 line of boulevards, which, when finished, will not have its equal in the 
 world. Negotiations are in progress for the purchase of the ground for 
 this extension. 
 
 Douglas Boulevard, "L" shaped, 250 feet in width and one and 
 three-fourths miles in length, connects Douglas and Garfield Parks, en- 
 tering the former from the west and the latter from the south. Its plan 
 is essentially the same as that of Central Boulevard. The driveway has 
 been completed, but few shade trees have yet been set out, and floral 
 ornamentation has not been introduced. Open prairie abounds along 
 its entire length. The original cost of the land was $27,569. Im- 
 provements are constantly being made, and Douglas promises to 
 become one of the most fashionable and popular boulevards on the 
 West Side. 
 
 Central Boulevard constitutes the connecting link between Garfield 
 and Humboldt Parks. It is a little over a mile and a half in length, 
 and has an average width of 250 feet. The completed driveAvay, 
 thirty-eight feet wide, is bordered on either side by a slender lawn, 
 with a k< bridle path'' running along within its outer edge, and fringed 
 with rows of elms. The viaduct arching the tracks of the Chicago, Mil- 
 waukee & St. Paul Kailway, affords a good view of the surrounding 
 country. 
 
 Humboldt Boulevard is as yet little more than a country road. It 
 has been parlially graded by owners of adjoining property, and a few 
 trees have been set out, under the direction of the park commissioners. 
 The boulevard proper is 250 feet in width, but it embraces in its plan 
 Palmer Place, 400x1750 feet and Logan Square, some 400X800 feet. 
 Its total length is about three miles. It connects Humboldt Park with 
 a proposed boulevard from Chicago River to Lincoln Park. The land 
 was acquired at a cost of nearly $32,000. 
 
98 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Washington Boulevard was constructed upon that portion of Wash- 
 ington Street extending from Halsted Street through Union Park to 
 Garfield Park, a distance of about three and one-fourth miles. It is 
 bordered for nearly its entire length with handsome residences, many 
 of them having fine lawns and rows of shade trees in front. It is 100 
 feet wide in its western extension, and is a fine, broad driveway in all 
 its parts, although not of uniform width. It is to the West Side what 
 Michigan Avenue Boulevard is to the South Side, being the most pop- 
 ular drive in its section of the city. 
 
 Lake Shore Drive, though not a boulevard in the strict sense of the 
 term, is a part of the boulevard system. It extends from Oak Street, a 
 little north of the North Side water works, to Lincoln Park, of which 
 it really forms a part, and thence it continues along the lake shore to 
 the northernmost park limits. It is three -fourths of a mile in length to 
 its entrance into the park proper. Its total width is 200 feet, and the 
 driveway, completed, 100 feet. It will be extended south from Oak 
 Street to the river, as a boulevard, grants for that purpose having 
 passed the Common Council and been accepted by the park commis- 
 sioners. 
 
THE HOSPITALS, ASYLUMS, HOMES, AND OTHER CHARITABLE, 
 BENEVOLENT AND HUMANE ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 WITH all her pride of power and material wealth, Chicago does not 
 neglect the claims of humanity, but cultivates the various lines of 
 humane endeavor as ardently as if they were channels of trade, and 
 endows them as liberally as if they were commercial institutions. This 
 is demonstrated by her great public charities, and by the number of 
 her organizations for special relief purposes. There is scarcely any 
 form of human suffering or need, present or contingent, but finds its 
 remedy in her hospitals, dispensaries, asylums, homes, or one of the 
 many associations for the help of others or for mutual aid. 
 
 The Chicago Relief and Aid Society was organized under special 
 act of the legislature in February, 1857. The main object was to aid 
 such of the poor as through sickness or other misfortune require tem- 
 porary assistance. It was not the intent to extend aid to the perma- 
 nently needy, nor to assist any until proven worthy. Able-bodied 
 applicants are assisted in finding employment, and in other cases 
 money and clothing are provided. Rules of the society provide that no 
 loan shall be made from the funds ; that no person who receives aid 
 shall ask alms of the public ; and those receiving aid shall be regarded 
 as entitled to assistance until careful investigation shall prove to the 
 contrary. The affairs of the society are managed by a board of direct- 
 ors selected from prominent business men, and this board reports annu- 
 ally to the City Council. It owns the Chicago Relief and Aid Society 
 Building, in which its offices are located. During the period of extreme 
 suffering which followed the great fire of 1871, the society found its 
 energies taxed to their utmost capacity, and its system of relief sub- 
 jected to the severest possible test, but, although the scope of its 
 operations was extended considerably beyond the original purpose of 
 the organization, it passed the ordeal with remarkable success. The 
 millions which flowed into the city in the shape of money and supplies, 
 from all civilized portions of the globe, were mostly turned over to the 
 society for distribution, and it thus had over one hundred thousand 
 
100 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 homeless people to provide with shelter and food, and extensive needs 
 in other directions to supply. An executive committee and sub-com- 
 mittees were organized, and the great work was commenced and carried 
 on systematically. The labor was incessant, but the service was marked 
 with surprising celerity, considering the care necessary to insure a 
 judicious execution of the trust. In less than three years the society 
 disbursed nearly four and a half millions of dollars. Of this the shelter 
 committee expended nearly one million in building and furnishing 
 more than 9,000 houses ; $250,000 were paid out for sewing machines, 
 and tools for mechanics and laborers ; $300,000 for fuel for families ; 
 and more than $500,000 were distributed by the medical depart- 
 ment and the committee on charitable institutions. May 1, 1874. 
 there was left of about five millions received for the aid of the victims 
 of the conflagration, something over a half million of dollars. This has 
 been quietly and carefully disbursed, and when the final account 
 was rendered Jan. 1, 1884, not a dollar of the vast sum commonly 
 known as "the fire fund," was reported lost or misappropriated. The 
 society then announced that, its stewardship of this fund having 
 ended, it must thereafter confine its operations within the original 
 scope of its organization. Charles G. Truesdell, the superintendent, 
 has for many years ably filled that difficult and responsible position. 
 
 The Old People's Home was founded in 1861, as the " Old Ladies' 
 Home," through the efforts of Miss Caroline Smith, who afterward 
 bequeathed to it about $1,000 and two lots of ground. In 1804 a 
 house was purchased, but it afforded accommodations for only eleven 
 inmates, and after the fire of 1871 it was totally inadequate to the 
 legitimate demands upon its room. The Chicago Belief and Aid 
 Society then came to its assistance with a donation of $50,000, stipu- 
 lating that there should be no discrimination as to sex, race, nationality, 
 or religious belief, and that the donors should have the right to name 
 one inmate for every $2,500 given. The conditions were accepted, 
 and the institution was accordingly reorganized in May, 1872, under 
 its present title. A commodious three story building was erected on 
 Indiana Avenue near Thirty-ninth Street, and was occupied, with nine- 
 teen old ladies, Nov. 25, 1874. It has capacity for eighty inmates, and 
 the average number in the Home is sixty-six. The value of this prop- 
 erty is $70,000 ; of the property previously occupied, $5,000; there 
 are endowments amounting to $34,857 ; and the institution is free 
 from debt. Its annual expenses are something over $10,000, the bulk 
 of which is met by contributions. All the inmates are old ladies, the 
 
 i 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 101 
 
 plan being to erect a duplicate building for the use of old men. 
 Admission is restricted to persons of good character, who have been 
 residents of Chicago for two years, are sixty years of age, in indigent 
 circumstances, and have no children able to provide for them. In 
 special cases persons fifty-five years of age are admitted by a vote of 
 the board of managers. All admissions are on six months' probation, 
 at the expiration of which permanent residence may be accorded or 
 refused, and if granted is liable to be canceled at any time, for cause. 
 An admission fee of $300 is required in each case, and inmates must 
 furnish their own rooms. The board of managers consists of thirty 
 ladies of high social standing, and there is a board of nine trustees 
 composed of citizens prominent in charitable work. There are also a 
 matron, and a physician and assistant physician. 
 
 The Foundlings' Home is one of the most noted Charities in Chi- 
 cago. It had its birth in the 
 humane impulses of Dr. Geo. 
 E. Shipman. On the 31st of 
 January, 1871, the Home 
 was opened at No. 54 South 
 Green Street. Two months 
 later a removal was effected to 
 roomier quarters at Sangamon 
 and Randolph Streets, and in 
 May, 1872, a donation of $10,- 
 000 was accepted from the 
 Chicago Eelief and Aid Society, 
 the Home was incorporated, 
 and the present main building 
 
 Commenced. It is on Wood Foundlings- Home. 
 
 Street, just south of Madison, and cost, with the ground, about $50,000, 
 the Relief Society adding $20,000 to its previous donation. It was occu- 
 pied in May, 1874. It is built of light brick, is cruciform, with a front of 
 40 feet and a depth of 60 feet, is three stories in height with attic and 
 basement, and contains about forty rooms. In 1883 a new wing was 
 built on adjacent grounds. It is of red brick, sixty-two by forty feet, 
 five stories high, and connected with the main building by an annex. 
 It contains nine dormitories, eight rooms for hospital purposes, the 
 rooms of the superintendent and his family and of the lady assistants, 
 etc. These buildings have a capacity for more than 100 inmates. Many 
 of the babies are adopted into reputable Christian families, eighty-two 
 
102 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 being so placed last year. Of about 5,000 infants received since the 
 Home was opened, 890 were adopted, 1,097 were returned on the 
 application of their parents, and 2,992 died. Nursing mothers are also 
 given shelter. The current expenses are about $6,000 per annum, the 
 money for which, as well as for the grounds, buildings, etc., is all 
 received by voluntary contribution. The founder, George E. Shipman, 
 M. D., is secretary and superintendent. 
 
 The Servite Sisters' Industrial Home for Girls was established by 
 the Servite Sisters in a small way, in May, 1877. The location is 1396 
 West Van Buren Street. The object is the care of homeless and desti- 
 tute children from nine to eighteen years of age, who come of their 
 own accord or are brought by parents or sent by the courts. They are 
 taught all kinds of work for which they have capacity, in the forenoon, 
 and in the afternoon they are taught the common English branches. 
 The building is a substantial brick of five stories and basement, with 
 three wings two and three stories high. It cost, with the grounds, 
 about $40,000, and belongs to the Sisters who occupy and manage 
 it. The institution is supported by contributions of money and cloth- 
 ing, by the sale of manufactured articles, and by interest on invested 
 funds, each of the eighteen Sisters having $2,000 or upwards in United 
 States bonds, the income from which is devoted to that purpose. The 
 average number of non-paying inmates is about thirty-five. Some 
 300 have passed through the Home, three having died. Sister Mary 
 Francis is Mother Superior. 
 
 St. Joseph's Home for the Friendless and Industrial School for 
 Girls, is located at 409 and 411 South May Street. It was founded and 
 incorporated in 1878, as a place of refuge for respectable young girls 
 who are temporarily out of employment. It is a Catholic institution, 
 and is supported mainly by the laundry, the dress-making department, 
 and the income from those who are able to pay their board. The 
 building is the property of the association, is of brick, four stories in 
 height, with a basement and capacity for the accommodation of 100, 
 which is about the average number of inmates. The value of the prop- 
 erty is $14,500; the annual expenses $11,000; and the number of 
 inmates received per annum about 1,000. 
 
 The Chicago Hospital for Women and Children, corner of Paulina 
 and West Adams Streets, was founded in February, 1865, mainly 
 through the efforts of Dr. Mary Harris Thompson. Its objects are to 
 afford a home for women and children among the respectable poor in 
 need of medical and surgical aid ; to treat the same classes at home by 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 103 
 
 an assistant physician ; to afford a free dispensary for the same, and to 
 train competent nurses. The hospital passed through many vicissi- 
 tudes, including the great tire, after which it located on its present 
 site, purchased for it by the Chicago Belief and Aid Society at a cost of 
 $25,000, and given on condition that twenty-five patients, named by 
 the society, should be cared for free of charge. The grounds are spa 
 cious, measuring 150 by 80 feet, but the house, formerly a private 
 residence, is only large enough to accommodate twenty-five patients 
 and the necessary attendants. Some $30,000 have been raised and 
 work commenced on a new building on the same lot, to accommodate 
 eighty to one hundred patients. There is a free dispensary, and many 
 thousands of patients have received treatment, in the hospital and at 
 their homes. The institution is not endowed, but is supported 
 through the unselfish efforts of the lady managers, aided by small sums 
 received from paying patients and the proceeds of occasional entertain- 
 ments. It is out of debt and has a balance in its treasury. It is con- 
 ducted wholly by women. The "Board of Councilors," or managers, 
 is composed of thirty prominent ladies ; the medical staff consists of 
 experienced lady physicians, with Mary Harris Thompson, M. D., at the 
 head, and there is a consulting staff of gentlemen well known as able 
 practitioners. Mrs. J. C. Hilton is president. 
 
 The Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Association was founded in 1868 
 for the purpose of supplying a Home for such of the indigent boys of 
 the streets as were disposed to earn their own living. The association 
 was incorporated in December, 1874. The building is at 146 Quincy 
 Str et. The funds for its construction were raised by subscription. It 
 is of brick, four stories in height, with a basement, and contains offices, 
 dining-room, wash-rooms, rooms for officers, and dormitories with 
 single beds for 100 boys. There are two schools, one in the daytime 
 for the smaller boys, and one in the evening for the larger ones. A 
 special feature of the institution is the Newsboys' Sunday school, at 
 which the average attendance is 235. The property is held in the 
 name of three trustees, and the Home is supported by small sums paid 
 by the boys for food and lodging, and by contributions from various 
 sources. The average number of boys in attendance is fifty, and the 
 average annual cost of the maintenance of each boy is about $150. 
 W. H. Band is president. 
 
 The Chicago Home for the Friendless was founded for the purpose 
 of extending assistance to worthy indigent women and children. The 
 association was organized in March, 1858, and incorporated in Febru- 
 
104 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ary, 1859. It first occupied a frame building on West Randolph Street, 
 but in 1869 was removed to its present location at the corner of Wabash 
 Avenue and Twentieth Street. Jonathan Burr donated one lot, and 
 George Smith two, for the site of the building, and liberal contribu- 
 tions enabled the association to erect the structure. In 1868 an addi- 
 tion was built, Jonathan Burr contributing $5,000 toward the cost 
 and subsequently $5,000 more to furnish it. In 1880 the Home 
 
 Home for the Friendless. 
 
 received the munificent bequest of $87,000 from the estate of H. H. 
 Taylor, deceased, with a portion of which another addition was built, 
 and is known as " The Taylor Memorial." The building and its addi- 
 tions are quite extensive. They are of red brick, have four stories and 
 an attic, and contain upwards of 100 rooms, including dormitories, 
 work-rooms, school-rooms, kindergarten, play-room, nurseries, bath- 
 rooms, lavatories, literary department, domestic department, infirmary, 
 dispensary — in fact they are in every respect admirably arranged for 
 the purpose they were intended to serve. A fire-escape communicates 
 with every iloor. The Home school, which has an industrial class, is 
 supported mainly by the income of a bequest of the late Jonathan Burr, 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 105 
 
 of which the Home is trustee. Particular attention is paid to instruc- 
 tion in household work. Childien of proper age who have been sur- 
 rendered to the Home, or are otherwise entirely at its disposal, are, on 
 application, placed in Christian families where ample assurance is given 
 that they will be kindly treated and properly reared. The management 
 is under a numerous board of managers, composed of six ladies from 
 the city and one or more ladies from the congregation of each of the 
 city churches, except Catholic. A recent report shows that the num- 
 ber of admissions for the year was 1,802, of which 1,072 were adults, 
 and 730 were children. The number of children surrendered to the 
 Home was 173, and the number placed in permanent homes was 105. 
 The expenses for the same year were $16,962.74, of which $13,102 
 were paid from the proceeds of investments. A little paper, called the 
 Home Visitor, is published in the interest of the institution. Much 
 outside work is also done under the supervision of the Home patrons. 
 Sick and needy are visited and assisted. Temperance movements are 
 encouraged, etc., etc. Mrs. M. H. Moudy is matron and superintendent. 
 
 The Burr Mission, which consists of an "Industrial School, Mission 
 School and Free Chapel," was founded by the late Jonathan Burr, in 
 1868, and was first located at the corner of Fourteenth Street and 
 Third Avenue. In 1880 it was removed to the corner of Twenty-third 
 Street and Wentworth Avenue, a new and commodious brick building 
 having been erected for it, with large chapel and Sabbath-school 
 accommodations, at a cost of $11,500. There is a spacious reading- 
 room, stocked with magazines and newspapers, and the day school is in 
 a very flourishing condition, the enrollment for 1883 showing fifty-one 
 boys and sixty-three girls, with an average attendance of fifty. A kin- 
 dergarten was successfully opened in the same year. The Chicago 
 Home for the Friendless is the trustee for the Mission in perpetuity, 
 and the latter is under the sole management of the officers of the Home. 
 The objects of the Mission are the religious and secular education of the 
 poor. 
 
 The House of the Good Shepherd, under charge of the Sisters of 
 the Good Shepherd, is an asylum for women and female children. The 
 building stands in a large enclosure, on the corner of North Market 
 and Hurlbut Streets. It is five stories in height, and well arranged 
 and equipped for the work. The asylum was established in May, 1859. 
 The first building was destroyed by fire, and the present building was 
 erected at a cost of $70,000. In a niche in the front stands a stone 
 figure of heroic dimensions, representing the Good Shepherd carrying 
 
106 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 the lost sheep. The total value of the property is $200,000. The 
 work of the institution is largely reformatory. There are five depart- 
 ments, each kept apart from the others, viz : The penance reformatory 
 for grown persons ; the juvenile reformatory for young persons ; the 
 industrial school ; the Magdalen asylum, and Our Sisters' community. 
 School and religious exercises are held daily in each department. 
 There are accommodations for 400 inmates, and an average attend- 
 ance of about 350. All are received, whatever their record ; some at 
 their own request, and others sent by friends or the city. The institu- 
 tion is self-supporting, apart from the trifle it gets from the city, and 
 small amounts paid by boarders, earning its income with the laundry 
 and the needle. Subscriptions are very rarely solicited. There are 
 some fifty-five children between the ages of five and ten years, and 
 about thirty old women who are unable to do any work. The annual 
 expenses are $31,000. There are thirty-six Sisters engaged in the 
 establishment, of whom Sister Angelique is Mother Superior, and 
 Sister Mary, of the Nativity, assistant. 
 
 The Orphan Asylum of the Guardian Angel was established in 
 1867 by a German Catholic orphan society organized in 1865. In 
 1872 the " Guardian Angel German Catholic Society " was incorpo- 
 rated and took charge of the institution. The building was burned 
 Oct. 23, 1879, and the present structure was erected on the site at a 
 cost of $35,000. The grounds embrace forty-nine acres, and the 
 property is valued at $50,000. The asylum has 130 inmates, and is 
 managed by a sisterhood known as the "Poor Handmaids of Jesus 
 Christ." A monthly publication, conducted by Mr. L. Biehl, is issued 
 in behalf of the institution. Eev. J. Essing is president. 
 
 The Michael Reese Hospital is maintained and managed by the 
 Hebrew Belief Association. It is located on the corner of Twenty- 
 ninth Street and Groveland Avenue, and is a very handsome and capa- 
 cious structure, with four stories and basement. It was erected from a 
 fund provided by the will of the late Michael Beese. This fund 
 amounted to $90,000, of which $40,000 were devoted to the build- 
 ing, and the remainder invested as an endowment. There is no test 
 of faith in admissions, and both male and female patients are received. 
 Over 500 are admitted to the hospital annually. The first hospital of 
 the Association was erected in 1866, at the corner of LaSalle and 
 Chilli Streets. It was destroyed by fire in 1871, and until the present 
 building was occupied in October, 1881, the association placed its 
 patients in other hospitals. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 107 
 
 The Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary was founded in 
 1858 by Dr. Edward L. Holmes, who has been professionally associ- 
 ated with the institution ever since. It was incorporated in 1865, and 
 up to the period of the tire was a private charity, aided by small 
 annual appropriations from the state. Among the incorporators were 
 
 The Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary. 
 
 some of the best known philanthropists of Chicago. It Avas first located 
 on East Pearson Street, but after its destruction, the Chicago Belief 
 and Aid Society gave the present site on the corner of West Adams 
 and Peoria Streets, and the state appropriated the necessary funds for 
 the erection and equipment of the institution, on the trustees convey- 
 ing to it the entire property. It was opened to the public in 1874. 
 The object is to provide gratuitous board and medical and surgical 
 treatment for indigent residents of the state who are afflicted with 
 diseases of the eye and ear. The building is a four- story brick, 104 X 
 50 feet, with basement, and an L about 40X30 feet. The chapel, 
 stables, and wards for contagious diseases occupy detached positions. 
 The main building contains a complete domestic department, office, 
 laboratory, clinical, operating, public and private rooms, wards for 
 patients, etc. The institution will accommodate about 150 inmates at 
 a time, and over 400 are admitted annually. There is a dispensary 
 
108 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 provided for the gratuitous treatment of outside eye and ear patients, 
 in which between 2,000 and 3,000 persons are treated annually. 
 The daily average of the infirmary and dispensary combined is nearly 
 150 patients, and the total number of treatments since the institution 
 was established is about 100,000. The surgical and medical depart- 
 ments of the infirmary are in charge of competent and experienced 
 medical gentlemen. E. C. Lawton is superintendent. 
 
 The Chicago Orphan Asylum, 2228 Michigan Avenue, is popularly 
 known as the Protestant Orphan Asylum. It is under Protestant man- 
 agement, but children are admitted without regard to creed. It is one 
 of the oldest charitable institutions in the city, and was organized Nov. 
 5, 1849, to relieve, protect, educate and provide means of support for 
 orphaned and destitute children. The present location was occupied 
 in 1853. The building was erected by subscriptions at a cost of about 
 $20,000, and has 192 inmates. Recent additions give accommoda- 
 tions for 250 children. There is a day school divided into primary, 
 secondary and and kindergarten departments. Children may be given 
 out for adoption, or, after reaching the age of twelve years, may be 
 indentured to any respectable service. The institution is supported 
 by contributions and by the rentals of eight handsome brick dwellings 
 on the grounds, and by the income from invested funds and minor 
 resources. Among the handsome donations and bequests it has re- 
 ceived was $12,000 for the additions to the building above mentioned, 
 from Mrs. Mary H. Talcott, and an endowment of $5,000 from the 
 same liberal hand to provide shoes for the children. Also bequests 
 from the late Jonathan Burr of $11,760; Flavel Mosely, $10,000; 
 Col. J. L. James, $5,000 ; Allan C. Lewis, $4,000. William A. Brown 
 and Thomas Church have each given $1,000, and the Chicago Relief 
 and Aid Society donated $10,000. A board of eleven trustees, with 
 an advisory board, manage the general business, while the internal 
 management is directed by a board of forty ladies. A competent med- 
 ical staff looks after the physical welfare of the children without 
 charge. Mrs. Norman T. Gassette is president of the lady managers ; 
 Mrs. Henry S. Fitch and Miss Sarah M. Horton, secretaries ; Mrs. B. 
 W. Kendall, treasurer. 
 
 The Home for Incurables was incorporated May 26, 1880, and 
 was opened for the reception of patients in January, 1881. The 
 building, a two-story brick, was formerly a private residence. It 
 stands on a lot of two acres at the corner of Racine and Fullerton 
 Avenues. The institution provides a home for all classes of incur- 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 109 
 
 ables. About thirty-five patients can be accommodated at a time. 
 Tiiose who are unable to pay are admitted free. Applicants must have 
 resided in Cook County for at least twelve months. The Home is 
 supported mainly by voluntary contributions. 
 
 The Hospital of the Alexian Brothers, 569 North Market Street, 
 represents the first establishment of the order in America. In 1866 
 the Brothers occupied a small frame at Dearborn and Schiller Streets, 
 and in 1869 moved into a larger frame they had built on the present 
 site, which embraces ten lots, extending back to Franklin Street. 
 
 The Hospital of the Alexian Brothers. 
 
 After the fire of 1871 the spacious building now occupied was erected 
 at a cost of $45,000. It has ample accommodations for 100 patients, 
 and 115 to 120 have been cared for at one time. The average number 
 of inmates is ninety, and over 1,000 are received annually. Only men 
 are admitted, but there is a dispensary in connection which is open to 
 the sick and needy of both sexes. There is no discrimination as to 
 creed or nationality. Many patients are sent in by the city, but the 
 expenses, which amount to about $18,000 per annum, are met wholly 
 by subscriptions solicited by two of the Brothers. The entire prop- 
 erty, valued at about $75,000, belongs to the Alexian Brothers. Bro. 
 Philip Kraener is rector and superior. 
 
110 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Uhlich Evangelical Orphan Asylum (German) had its inception 
 about fifteen years ago, having been established in 1869 through the 
 efforts of the Rev. Joseph Hartman, the present president. The asylum 
 was first located on North Clark Street, but was swept away by the fire 
 of 1871. Soon afterward the buildings now occupied, at the corner of 
 Burling and Center Streets, were erected, the Chicago Relief and Aid 
 Society contributing $20,000 for the purpose. There are two build- 
 ings. The asylum proper is a three story structure with base dimen- 
 sions of 50X75 feet. A one story building, 25x50 feet, is used for 
 dining-room and other purposes. The spacious grounds, consisting of 
 eleven lots, constitute play-grounds for the children. About sixty 
 German orphans, of both sexes, at present find homes at the institu- 
 tion, this being the average number of inmates. The asylum property 
 is valued at $46,000, and the annual expenses are $6,000. The well- 
 known philanthropist, Carl Gottfried Uhlich, who had been its most 
 liberal supporter, made a valuable donation of forty-eight city lots 
 to the asylum, the revenues from which aid materially in its mainten- 
 ance. Christian Mauermann is the superintendent. 
 
 The Woman's Hospital of Chicago, 118 Thirty-fifth Street, was 
 founded in 1870 as the "Woman's Hospital of the State of Illinois," by 
 Dr. Reeves Jackson, who was its surgeon-in-chief for about ten years. 
 The property occupied is leased, but a fund is being raised for the erec- 
 tion of a building at the corner of Rhodes Avenue and Thirty-second 
 Street, where a large lot has been purchased, and another adjoining is 
 in negotiation. The institution is specially devoted to the treatment 
 of the diseases and accidents peculiar to women, irrespective of creed, 
 color, or condition in life ; the clinical instruction of students in medi- 
 cine, and the practical training of nurses. Patients are treated in the 
 hospital and outside, and the expenses, amounting to about $9,000 per 
 annum, are met by paying patients' fees and donations. It has accom- 
 modations for about thirty-five patients, with an average of thirty, and 
 an annual aggregate of 208 inmates. The Board of Trustees and Board 
 of Managers are both composed of ladies of social prominence, and 
 there is an able medical staff of seven visiting members. Miss E. Lunt 
 is matron. 
 
 The Maurice Porter Memorial Hospital, at the corner of Belden Ave- 
 nue and North Halsted Street, was founded in 1882 by Mrs. Julia Porter, 
 in memory of her dead son. Its object is the care of sick and injured 
 children, for whom it has accommodations to the number of ten. The 
 cost is all borne by Mrs. Porter. Miss Jennie Gilmore is matron. 
 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Ill 
 
 The Home for the Aged of the Little Sisters of the Poor was founded 
 in 1876, with the view of providing a home for destitute men and 
 women over sixty years of age and of good moral character. It was 
 incorporated in 1881. No distinction is made as to creed or national- 
 ity. The building, which was erected in 1880, occupies a large lot at 
 the corner of Throop and Harrison Streets. It is four stories in height, 
 has well- furnished accommodations for 140 persons, and averages 
 about 125 inmates. The male and female departments are separate. 
 The Home is supported by contributions, and the property is nearly 
 paid for. Sister Mary, of St. Helena, is Mother Superior. 
 
 St. Joseph's Hospital, established by the Sisters of Charity in 1869, 
 is located at 360 Garfield Avenue. The building, which was erected in 
 1872, is a four story brick, with accommodations for eighty patients 
 and an average attendance of about 
 sixty. No applicant is barred on 
 account of sex or creed, the hospital 
 being arranged in male and female 
 departments. Patients who are able 
 are expected to pay for admission 
 and treatment; otherwise they are 
 received free. Patients are some- 
 times sent by the city, but the 
 institution is supported by the pay St. Josephs hospital. 
 
 patients, from contributions and from occasional fairs. The medical 
 staff is composed of eminent physicians and surgeons. Sister Mary 
 Cephas is in charge. 
 
 St. Luke's Free Hospital, one of the noted institutions of the city, 
 originated with a few benevolent ladies, during the civil war, in an 
 effort to care for the sick prisoners and soldiers at Camp Douglas. In 
 1864 it was started as a free hospital for the sick poor, and has reached 
 its present eminence and prosperity after many trials and removals. 
 It is under Episcopalian control and management, but no distinction is 
 made in admission on account of sect, sex, or national^. In May, 
 1871, a location was purchased at 1434 Indiana Avenue. A year later 
 the Chicago Relief and Aid Society donated a considerable sum and a 
 tract of ground on State Street near Thirty-seventh. In 1881 Mr. 
 N. K. Fairbank gave 100 feet on Indiana Avenue adjoining the hos- 
 pital grounds on the north, which was extended back to seventy feet 
 frontage on Michigan Avenue by subsequent purchases from contribu- 
 tions. The erection of a spacious new hospital on the Indiana Avenue 
 
112 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 front was at once commenced. It consists of four handsome buildings, 
 costing $130,000, on the ground donated by Mr. Fairbank, all con- 
 nected by corridors, and a fifth to be hereafter erected on the old hos- 
 pital site adjoining. These are to be followed by a building on the 
 Michigan Avenue front, which will be allotted to the administrative 
 department of the institution, and constitute the main entrance. In 
 addition to the wards in the new building, the plan provides for a 
 chapel, amphitheaters for clinics and autopsies, and all the accessories of 
 the best modern hospitals. Large subscriptions have been made to the 
 building fund by many well-known citizens, the largest amounts being 
 $25,000 from Tolman Wheeler, and $25,000 from the W. B. Ogden 
 estate. Six of the beds are permanently endowed with interest-bearing 
 investments of $3,000 and upwards each, and eighteen are supported 
 by annual contributions of $300 each from various sources. Annually 
 on St. Luke's Day a collection is taken up for the hospital in all the 
 Episcopal churches of the city. The management have $32,381.77 at 
 interest, and the property is valued at over $185,000. A recent annual 
 report places the receipts at $17,094.75 ; expenditures, $15,413.49 ; 
 patients admitted, 403 ; discharged, 360 ; deaths, 35 ; births, 33 ; 
 and 1,372 patients were treated the same year in St. Luke's Free Dis- 
 pensary, which was opened in the hospital building in 1871, and is 
 under the same management. The medical staff of the hospital and 
 dispensary is composed of men of high standing in the profession, who 
 give their services gratuitously. Rev. Clinton Locke, D. D., is presi- 
 dent and superintendent. 
 
 The Lakeside Summer Sanitarium, at the foot of Twenty-fifth Street, 
 was founded in 1883 by the president, Mrs. B. Shoeneman. It provides 
 nursing and care for infant children of the poor, during the hot days 
 of summer, while teething, and suffering with diseases peculiar to 
 their age and the season. Proper food and baths are given, also ex- 
 perienced medical attention, and clothing when necessary. Nearly 
 1,000 children were cared for during the summer of 1884. The 
 institution is supported by voluntary contributions. Mrs. N. K. Stone 
 is secretary and treasurer. 
 
 The Floating Hospital Association has been in operation since 
 1876, the purpose of its work being to furnish lake excursions for 
 fresh air to sick children and other invalids among the poor. During 
 about nine weeks in the hottest portion of the summer, a steamer is 
 chartered to make three excursions daily, except Saturdays and Sun- 
 days, from Clark Street bridge to North Avenue pier at Lincoln Park. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 113 
 
 The pier is covered and provided with a large number of hammocks 
 for the use of the children. As many as 600 are taken out at one trip. 
 The cost of this charity is about $1,200 per annum, which is raised by 
 subscription. Competent medical attendance is provided. No one 
 afflicted with contagious diseases is allowed to go on board the vessel. 
 Dr. C. L. Rutter, 182 N. State Street, is secretary. 
 
 Mercy Hospital, corner of Calumet Avenue and Twenty-sixth 
 Street, was founded about 1848-49 by the Sisters of Mercy, and was 
 incorporated in 1852 as "Mercy Hospital and Mercy Orphan Asylum." 
 
 . Mfillfpw 
 
 i 
 
 Mercy Hospital, Calumet Avenue and Twenty-sixth Street. 
 
 A building at the present location was first occupied in 1863. In 
 1864 the orphanage was transferred to the Sisters of St. Joseph, and the 
 institution was confined to hospital work. In 1869 a capacious wing 
 was constructed and equipped, and the sisters moved the hospital into it, 
 and established the House of Providence in the main building. The ob- 
 jects are, first, to take care of the sick poor, and then of as many who are 
 able to pay as can be accommodated. The building is a three story brick, 
 with basement, and is provided with an amphitheater, sick wards for 
 males and females, private rooms for paying patients, and the usual do- 
 mestic and sanitary conveniences. It has comfortable capacity for 180 
 patients, and an average of 175 inmates. It is managed by thirty-four 
 Sisters, at an annual expense of $26,000, which is met by voluntary con- 
 tributions and tlie sums received from pay patients. The entire prop- 
 erty is valued at $260,000, but is encumbered with a mortgage debt. 
 8 
 
114 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Cook County Hospital occupies an entire block, embracing twelve 
 acres, bounded by Wood, Harrison, Lincoln and Polk Streets. It 
 was founded in 1865 as an independent hospital, and was then located 
 at the corner of Arnold and Eighteenth Streets. Later it fell into the 
 hands of the county authorities, and has since steadily grown to its pres- 
 ent magnificent proportions. The buildings are all of red brick, trim- 
 med with stone, built in the pavilion style, with courts between, and 
 well-lighted corridors connecting the four main structures. The latter 
 are four stories in height, with attics and basements, and are provided 
 on every floor with accommodations for thirty to forty patients, besides 
 smaller rooms for private patients, or cases that demand isolation. 
 There are a kitchen, dining-room, bath-rooms, closets, etc., on each 
 floor, and rooms are conveniently located for the resident attaches. 
 An air-shaft rises through the center of each building, from the sub- 
 basement to the roof, connecting with air-chambers between the 
 floors, and a coil of steam pipe in each shaft heats the air as desired to 
 create a draft. By this means the atmosphere of the rooms is con- 
 stantly changed. The rooms and wards are warmed by indirect heat 
 from a regulator in each apartment. These arrangements give com- 
 plete ventilation, and command a perfectly even temperature at all 
 seasons. In the center of the group of buildings is the amphitheater 
 for surgical operations and clinics, with a seating capacity for 600, for 
 the use of students of the medical colleges of the city. A smaller 
 amphitheater is provided for autopsies held by the professors for the 
 instruction of students, and in the basement beneath it is the public 
 morgue of Chicago. A large kitchen, bakery, dining-rooms, and 
 dormitory for the help employed in the hospital, occupy special quar- 
 ters near the store-room and laundry. There are also storage for ice, 
 barns for horses, provender, vehicles, etc., on the ground. One of the 
 most striking features is the new building, surmounted by a tower, 
 erected on the Harrison Street front. It constitutes the main entrance 
 to the institution, and is five stories high, the two upper stories being 
 allotted to private patients, and the remainder occupied by the admin- 
 istrative department, with admission, reception and examining rooms, 
 laboratory, drug and dispensing rooms, lavatory, offices, committee and 
 family rooms. Altogether, there are comfortable and convenient 
 accommodations for over 500 patients. The stairways are all broad 
 and of gradual ascent, and elevators afford easy access to the upper 
 floors. A recent annual report gives the daily average of patients as 
 353 ; inmates, including employes and physicians, 448 ; daily cost of 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 115 
 
 each, 64 cents. Receipts from private patients were $1,886.50; from 
 sale of clinic tickets, $1,540. The total number of patients treated 
 was 5,194, of whom 508 died, 2,252 were discharged recovered, and 
 th?re were 121 births. The current expenses were $104,795. 
 The finishing and furnishing of the hospital throughout are of a supe- 
 rior order, and in its elegant and strikingly diversified style of archi- 
 tecture, and the perfection of its sanitary arrangements and appli- 
 ances, it is unsurpassed by any institution of the kind in the country 
 — perhaps in the world. W. J. McGarigel is warden ; Miss M. E. 
 Hempel, matron of the Training School for nurses, is head nurse. 
 The resident staff of physicians and surgeons is supplemented by the 
 faculties of the medical colleges. 
 
 The Washingtonian Home had its origin in a movement instituted 
 by the Good Templar lodges in Cook County. In 1863 they secured 
 from their grand lodge a donation of their fees and dues for the suc- 
 ceeding year, as the nucleus 
 of a fund for the establish- 
 ment of a reformatory for in- 
 ebriates. In the following 
 January the Washingtonian 
 Home Association was organ- 
 ized and incorporated. A 
 building at 547 State Street 
 was occupied for about a year, 
 when the property at 566 to 
 572 West Madison Street, 
 known as the Union Park 
 Hotel, and previous to that 
 noted as the Bull's Head 
 Tavern, was purchased for 
 $10,000. In 1867 a special The Wash ' n ^onian home. 
 
 charter was obtained from the legislature, giving the Home ten per 
 cent of the revenues of the city from licenses for the sale of intox- 
 icating liquors. To the income derived from this source was added a 
 bequest of $19,000 from Jonathan Burr, and by January, 1875, the 
 directors found their treasury in a condition to justify the erection 
 of the present spacious building on the site then occupied by the 
 Home. This building is an imposing structure of four stories, with 
 mansard and basement, and has a front of 106 feet on Madison 
 Street. It was erected at a cost of $56,489, and the furnishing cost 
 
116 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 over $6,000. It contains sleeping rooms for 111 persons, convales- 
 cent and amusement rooms, padded rooms for patients with deli- 
 rium, chapel, hospital and well arranged laundry and culinary depart- 
 ments. Free patients are received in certain cases, but the majority 
 are expected to pay a small charge for board and attendance. The 
 number of admissions in 1883 was 927, and the total number since 
 the Home was opened is 6,120. There is a board of thirty directors 
 and a staff of six physicians. Daniel Wilkins, A. M., is superintendent. 
 
 The Martha Washington Home is a supplementary institution to 
 the Washingtonian Home, established by the association for the ref- 
 ormation of inebriate women. It is under the same control and is 
 similarly organized and managed. It occupies the handsome build- 
 ings and grounds of the old military school on Graceland Avenue, 
 which were purchased and refitted for the purpose at a cost of $15,- 
 829.24, and was formally opened in July, 1882. A total of 146 
 inmates had been received at the beginning of 1884. Miss M. M. 
 Gray is the matron. 
 
 St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, Nos. 3 and 5 Douglas Place, was 
 founded in 1864, and after many removals was finally established in 
 its present permanent and beautiful home. The building is a five- 
 story brick, with basement and two wings, one of three stories and the 
 other of four. It has accommodations for 250 children, and an aver- 
 age attendance of 220. Its object is the care of destitute children, 
 and their proper education. Boys are taken from four to eight years 
 of age, and transferred to the Christian Brothers at Feehanville, where 
 they are provided for. Girls are received during the same age, and 
 are kept until homes are secured for them, or may remain in the insti- 
 tution if they prefer. The asylum is maintained by a monthly allow- 
 ance from the ecclesiastical government. It is managed by the Sisters 
 of St. Joseph. The property is valued at about $60,000, and the 
 annual expenditures are about $9,000. The average number of in- 
 mates annually is about 600. 
 
 Saint Vincent's Infant Asylum of Chicago, formerly known as 
 Saint Vincent's Foundling Asylum and Lying-in-Hospital, is located at 
 191 LaSalle Avenue, and was established in July, 1882. It has room 
 for about fifty children, and admits children, including foundlings, 
 under the age of six years. Some of these are boarded at the asylum 
 by their parents, and others are brought in by the police and chari- 
 table persons. The institution is supported by donations and what is 
 paid by parents and friends of inmates. The number of children 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 117 
 
 cared for in 1883 was 370, and the expenditures amounted to $6,554. 
 At six years of age the children are given to persons who adopt them, 
 or otherwise placed where their future will be properly cared for. 
 Sister M. Julia is the Mother Superior. 
 
 The Chicago Nursery and Half-Orphan Asylum is located in a 
 three story brick building at 855 North Halsted Street. It contains 
 school-rooms, play-rooms, nurseries, hospitals, bath-rooms, dormito- 
 ries, etc. The asylum was opened in 1860 for the care of children of 
 poor women, while the mothers are seeking or actually engaged in 
 
 
 It 
 
 ,!S= 
 
 if 
 
 The Chicago Nursery and Half Orphan Asylum. 
 
 employment. The plan was afterward extended so as to include the 
 care and maintenance of children deprived of either parent. A small 
 house was secured, and parents were permitted to bring their children 
 in the morning and take them away at night, paying five cents per day 
 for each child. The charge is now gauged by the wages earned by the 
 parents. The present building was erected in 1870. There is a day 
 school with an average attendance of eighty-six, and vocal music is 
 made a specialty. The average family is about 140. There is a board 
 of trustees, and a board of managers consisting of thirty-eight ladies. 
 Mrs. C. M. Blanchard is matron. 
 
118 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The German Society extends a helping hand to German immi- 
 grants, principally in aiding them to secure employment, and provid- 
 ing temporary support. It also aids poor German residents, especially 
 widows and orphans and the sick. Employment was obtained for over 
 5,000 persons during 1883; assistance and advice were given to 
 nearly 4,000 others. The society was organized in May, 1854, and 
 was first known as the "Deutche Gesellschaft von Chicago." It expe- 
 rienced two or three changes in name, and was finally reincorporated 
 under the present title Dec. 5, 1883. The new charter was procured 
 to enable the society to hold land which had previously been donated 
 and was held in trust for its use. Its income is derived from invested 
 funds of $12,000, dues from members, and from contributions. The 
 German Ladies' Society was instituted by this organization, and works 
 in co-operation with it. The management of the German Society is 
 vested in a board of fifteen directors. The office of the society is at 
 49 LaSalle Street. William A. Hettrich is President ; Max Eberhardt, 
 9 South Canal Street, Secretary ; Conrad L. Niehoff, Treasurer. 
 
 The German Ladies' Society was organized in 1878 as the Ladies' 
 Club of the German Society, but has since become measurably an in- 
 dependent organization, with its own officers, directors and committees, 
 all composed of German ladies. It continues to co-operate in the 
 work of the German Society, but its main object is to erect a home for 
 old, helpless and needy Germans, toward which end it is accumulating 
 a fund from contributions, the proceeds of festivals, picnics and other 
 entertainments. The office is at 49 LaSalle Street. 
 
 The Erring Woman's Refuge was organized in 1863 for the relief, 
 protection, care, and reformation of such erring women as may volun- 
 tarily place themselves under its care, or may be so placed by any law- 
 ful authority. Work was started in a little cottage in the North Divis- 
 ion, and then a somewhat larger building was obtained on the South 
 Side. In 1865 the managers purchased a building on the corner of 
 Indiana Avenue and Thirty-first Street, where the institution is now 
 located. The present building was erected and occupied in the winter 
 of 1876. It will accommodate about forty persons, besides officials 
 and attendants. The value of the property of the society is about 
 $40,000, and there is an endowment by bequest of the late Jonathan 
 Burr amounting to $21,261. The annual receipts and expenditures 
 each aggregate about $8,000. The sum of $2,234 was received in 
 1883 from the work of inmates; $721 from city fines, and $4,359 
 from rents and interest. The total number of women received into 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 119 
 
 the Refuge for that year was 119, and the average cared for during the 
 year was fifty-three and one-half. About 1,100 women, mostly under 
 twenty years of age, have been under the care of the institution, 
 which provides for the inmates for two years, and secures suitable 
 means of support for the worthy on leaving. Its affairs are directed 
 by a board of thirty-nine lady managers. Mrs. Helen Mercy Woods is 
 superintendent. 
 
 The United States Marine Hospital, on the lake shore, six miles 
 north of the city, succeeded a smaller marine hospital which stood 
 near the Rush Street bridge for nearly twenty years. The area of the 
 
 United States Marine Hospital. 
 
 grounds is about ten acres and the building is a handsome four-story 
 granite structure, 300x75 feet, with a basement, having accommodations 
 for 150 patients, the average number cared for being about sixty- four. 
 It is the largest hospital of the kind in the country, and cost complete, 
 $450,000, being provided with every modern improvement in arrange- 
 ment and equipment. It has a dispensary from which over 3.000 pa- 
 tients are treated annually, the large majority being outside applicants 
 for medical aid. The maintenance of the hospital is provided for by 
 a tax on the tonnage of all vessels. All American seamen are entitled 
 to admission free of charge, and foreigners upon the payment of a small 
 sum. T. W. Miller, M. D., is surgeon in charge. Applicants can be exam- 
 ined at the city office, Room 20, Post-office building, Chicago. 
 
120 MARQUIS 1 HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The Presbyterian Hospital affords medical and surgical aid and nurs- 
 ing to sick and disabled persons, of every creed and nationality. The 
 building adjoins Bush Medical College on Wood Street, and forms two 
 wings of the hospital as it will be when fully completed. It is four and 
 a half stories in height, and of red pressed brick with stone trimmings. 
 Internally it is provided with every modern convenience for serving 
 the needs and comfort of the sick. Over $45,000 (wholly contributions) 
 were expended in erecting and furnishing the building. At present all 
 inmates are required to pay for board and tieatment, but free beds 
 for the worthy indigent will be added as soon as practical. Eooms are 
 also provided for private patients. The hospital was opened Aug. 20, 
 1884, and a total of twenty-seven patients had been admitted Oct. 1. 
 of the same year. The total capacity of the portion of the hospital 
 already completed is eighty beds. The nursing is under the direction 
 of a graduate of the Illinois Training School for Nurses, and a board of 
 twenty-eight managers direct the affairs of the institution. Dr. E. P. 
 Davis is the resident physician. 
 
 Cook County Insane Asylum is located on the county poor farm. 
 The insane were formerly sent to the Infirmary, but in 1870 the pres- 
 ent structure was erected near the Infirmary, for that class of patients, 
 and in 1873 it was enlarged. It now has accommodations for 400 
 inmates, but an average of about GOO is crowded into it and a new 
 building is now being erected. Of the inmates only seventy- two are 
 native born. Over fifty-three per cent are females. Forty-eight per 
 cent of the insanity is due to inherited and fifty-two to acquired 
 defects. Henry Varnell is warden, and James G. Kernan, M. D., med- 
 ical superintendent. 
 
 The Chicago Eye and Ear Infirmary, 2813 Groveland Park Avenue, 
 was incorporated in 1882. It furnishes gratuitous advice and medi- 
 cine to the poor, afflicted with diseases of the eye and ear, and also 
 cares for those who are able to pay for this class of treatment ; and 
 gives clinical instruction to students in those branches of practice. It 
 is sustained partly by fees from patients who are able to pay, and by 
 voluntary contributions, but mainly by the manager, Dr. 0. H. Vilas. 
 
 Hahnemann Hospital, 2813 Groveland Park Avenue, is the clinical 
 annex to Hahnemann Medical College. After the fire of 1871 it 
 received $15,000 from the Chicago Belief and Aid Society, and was 
 opened to the public in a separate and suitable building. The amphi- 
 theater was burned Oct. 21, 1883, and a new and commodious struct- 
 ure is in course of construction on the opposite side of the avenue. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 121 
 
 Cook County Infirmary is located twelve miles from the city on the 
 county poor farm, a tract of 160 acres of finey-cultivated land in Nor- 
 wood Park Township, on which is also the Cook County Insane Asylum. 
 There are nine buildings arranged in a semi-circular group, and con- 
 nected by corridors. The building allotted to the administrative 
 department is 48 by 52 feet ; and there are four dormitories each 32 
 by 120 feet, besides hospitals and dining-rooms. These structures are 
 of brick, in the Gothic style of architecture, with interior finish of 
 natural oak. They were completed in 1882, at a cost, including fur- 
 niture, of $183,000, and have capacity for 1,000 patients. The 
 average number of inmates is 700, and the total number admitted 
 annually is about 1,700. The institution is reached from the Madison 
 Street depot of the C. M. & St. P. K. R. J. C. L. Frey is warden, and 
 Dr. G. A. Hoffman, physician in charge. 
 
 Bennett Hospital is a four-story brick building in the rear of Ben- 
 nett Medical College. Each floor is divided into four wards, and there 
 are accommodations for fifty patients, twenty being the average num- 
 ber of inmates. The hospital is owned and managed by the college. 
 
 The American Humane Association is an organization of consid- 
 erable importance at this great center of the live stock trade. It is 
 national in character, and was organized in October, 1877. It is inti- 
 mately associated with various local and state humane societies 
 throughout the country, and aims to secure humane treatment to 
 live stock while in transit. Its work has so far been almost entirely 
 directed toward securing improvement in transporting cattle on rail- 
 road trains, and it has succeeded in causing improved cattle cars to be 
 placed upon many of the railroads, so that cattle are now fed and 
 watered while en route, and consequently make the journey with less 
 suffering than was formerly the case. The society meets annually at 
 such time and place as may be designated by the body in session. 
 Edwin Lee Brown, Clinton Street, corner Jackson, is president. 
 
 The Relief Works were organized and incorporated in 18S3, under 
 the auspices of the Society for Ethical Culture. The purpose is to 
 furnish trained nurses to act in connection with the free dispensaries, 
 and visit the sick who apply to the dispensaries for medicine. These 
 nurses made during the first year a total of 1,773 visits. A Ladies 
 Auxiliary Union was also organized. for the purpose of providing cloth- 
 ing for distribution by the nurses, and a large quantity was thus dis- 
 tributed during the year. W. M. Salter, No. 83 Madison Street, Hershey 
 Music Hall, is president. 
 
122 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The United States Life Saving Station, shown in the illustration on 
 the opposite page, is located on a strip of land at the mouth of the 
 Chicago Eiver, known as Illinois Central Kailroad Pier No. 1. It i . 
 accessible by the viaduct at the foot of Randolph Street. It was estab- 
 lished in 1875 simply as a life-boat station, by a volunteer crew whose 
 support was derived from an allowance, by the government, of $10 for 
 each life saved. The volunteer service was supplanted in 1878 by a 
 paid crew, under the maintenance of the general government. A new 
 station was built and all the modern appliances for saving lives have 
 been introduced. The crew consists of a keeper and eight men. One 
 man is kept on watch day and night, and during foggy or stormy 
 weather two men patrol the beach for four miles in either direction 
 from the station. The station is kept open during nine months of the 
 year, beginning with the first day of April and continuing till the last 
 day of December. 
 
 The American Association of the Red Cross was founded upon 
 the "Geneva Treaty" of 1864, and has for its object the relief of suf- 
 ferers from war, pestilence, famine and other national calamities. It 
 operates, with its auxiliaries, under the provisions of the Geneva treaty, 
 which has been signed by all the great nations of the earth, President 
 Arthur signing for the United States in 1882. The association has 
 accomplished an untold amount of good in the judicious distribution 
 of the vast sums of money and supplies which have been voluntarily 
 contributed for its disposal in the hours of great national or "provi- 
 dential " calamities. The Central organization, Clara Barton, presi- 
 dent, at Washington City, is under the immediate control of the high- 
 est government officials, the President of the United States being 
 president of the Board of Consultation. The Chicago Branch was 
 organized in 1882, and has its headquarters at Boom 1, Central Music 
 Hall Building. It did a noble work in sending supplies to the recent 
 Ohio and Mississippi Biver flood sufferers. Bev. E. I. Galvin is super- 
 intendent. Mrs. Mary Weeks Burnett, M. D., is secretary. 
 
 The Prisoners' Aid Association of Illinois is an outgrowth of the 
 Prisoners' Aid Association of Chicago. Its efforts are mainly devoted 
 to the improvement of prison influences and the reformation and 
 assistance of discharged prisoners. A recent report shows that 448 
 persons were furnished with employment, or otherwise aided, during 
 the year. The Chicago association, which was incorporated Feb. 21> 
 1882, was changed to a state organization in March, 1884. There are 
 now about 150 members. J. W. Plummer, 52 East Lake Street, secretary. 
 
124 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The Western Seamen's Friend Society was organized Nov. 10, 
 1830, to promote the spiritual and temporal welfare of seamen and 
 boatmen and their families on the western lakes and rivers. It is the 
 oldest charitable organization in the city, and is the parent society of 
 the chain of local organizations which constitute the Bethel Mission 
 system of the west, still maintaining an active interest and participa- 
 tion in their work. The supply of missionary service and the estab- 
 lishment of Bethel homes and schools at suitable points is encouraged 
 and assisted ; current moral and religious literature is circulated ; the 
 Scriptures are distributed ; shops and prisons visited and appropriate 
 books and papers placed in the hands of inmates ; a gospel ship is 
 maintained to organize Sunday schools and hold religious services in 
 isolated neighborhoods on the islands and along the shores of the 
 lakes ; and all other efficient and available agencies employed in pro- 
 moting the mission of the society. Its affairs are under the manage- 
 ment of a board of directors. B. Erankland, 32 North Desplaines 
 Street, is general superintendent. 
 
 The Chicago Bethel, at the northwest corner of Eandolph and Des- 
 plaines Streets, embraces the "Mariner's House" of the Western Sea- 
 men's Friend Society, the Bethel department for transient meals and 
 lodgings, and the Bethel mission and school. The Mariner's House is 
 for the better class of seafaring men and others who desire a quiet 
 home. The Bethel department furnishes meals and lodging to tran- 
 sients at nominal prices, or free to the really needy on proper recom- 
 mendation, and fully 18,000 men are received in this department 
 annually. The Bethel school has an enrollment of about 300, and an 
 average attendance of 175. The nightly gospel meetings are well 
 attended. The relief department distributes 1,600 articles in an 
 average year. The annual expenditures in the Chicago district amount 
 to over $6,000, part of which is met by contributions and part by 
 receipts from the business of the Home. The Bethel is under a heavy 
 debt, which it is gradually reducing. 
 
 The Illinois Humane Society, organized in 1870 for the prevention 
 of cruelty to children and animals, is one of the most important 
 agencies in the city for the relief and prevention of suffering. It pays 
 special attention to educating children in the law of kindness, seeking 
 thus to rear a humane generation. This work is prosecuted in the 
 public schools, and 1,065 "Bands of Mercy "have been organized, 
 with 67,120 members. A recent report of the outside work shows 
 that 2,632 cases were investigated during the year, and 1,467 children 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 125 
 
 looked after and relieved, 251 being placed in charitable institutions. 
 There were 753 cases of cruelty to animals, 432 teamsters repri- 
 manded, 251 prosecutions, resulting in fines aggregating $3,512, and 
 273 horses laid up from work, 187 abandoned horses killed, and ninety- 
 six removed by ambulance. Eight inebriates were sent to the Washing- 
 tonian Home. The society is supported by contributions from the 
 public. The directors include some of the leading citizens of Chicago. 
 John G-. Shortall is president; Henry W. Clarke is secretary; 0. L. 
 Dudley is chief of special agents. Office, 113 Adams Street. 
 
 The Woman's Christian Association aims to promote the general 
 welfare of women, especially such as are dependent on their own ex- 
 ertions for support. It was incorporated in April, 1877, and is located 
 at 1516 Wabash Avenue. The board of managers consists of 100 
 ladies from the various churches. It is supported in part from its own 
 earnings, and in part by membership fees and private subscriptions. 
 It affords a boarding-house for young women, and has an employment 
 bureau for women seeking situations, or others desiring female help. 
 About a thousand young girls have been sheltered under its roof. The 
 building provides ample accommodations for fifty inmates. A free dis- 
 pensary for women and children at 182 Dearborn Street is also con- 
 ducted by the association. The library has some 450 volumes and 
 600 periodicals. Flowers, reading matter, childrens' toys, etc., are 
 distributed in the county hospital weekly, and papers and tracts 
 among the inmates of the jail. 
 
 The House of Providence adjoins Mercy Hospital, on the corner of 
 Calumet Avenue and Twenty-sixth Street. It affords a home for dis- 
 tressed women of good character, and young girls out of employment. 
 It is sustained by those of the inmates who are able to pay from two to 
 three and a half dollars a w r eek for their board. No one having a good 
 character is refused admission. The building is of brick, with three 
 stories and basement, and has capacity for fifty to sixty persons. The 
 property belongs to the Sisters of Mercy, and is managed by two from 
 that order. 
 
 The Charity Organization Society was organized in November, 
 1883, to help the able-bodied poor to be self-sustaining, reclaim the 
 pauperized poor, stop street-begging and prevent imposition and fraud. 
 It has established the Provident wood-yard at 395 North Clark Street, 
 where the hungry may always earn a meal, if able to work. The 
 main office is at Room 14, 129 Dearborn Street, and branch offices are 
 located at 430 North Clark Street and 2207 Michigan Avenue. 
 
126 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The United Hebrew Relief Association of Chicago was established 
 in 1859, to assist the needy of the Hebrew faith, to make them self- 
 snstaining, to see that no children grow np to be paupers, and to pro- 
 vide hospital facilities for the sick and disabled. The association is 
 the result of the amalgamation of several Hebrew relief societies which 
 existed prior to 1859. It manages and supports the Michael Keese 
 Hospital. Over 5,000 persons receive assistance annually. A List of 
 regular beneficiaries is kept, and aid extended monthly as needed. 
 Kesidents and strangers are alike assisted, shoes and clothing distrib- 
 uted, and transportation furnished where advisable. About $10,000 
 are annually disbursed in this work. The office is located at No. 200 
 LaSalle S tree I". Isaac Greensfelder is president. 
 
 The Deaconess Institute and Hospital of the Swedish Evangelical 
 Lutheran Church was organized in 1882 as a charitable institution. 
 In May, 1884, hospital work was taken up with the view of forming 
 the nucleus of an establishment to meet the needs of the denomina- 
 tion in the northwest. It occupies a small building at 151 Lincoln 
 Avenue, with beds for fifteen persons, and is maintained by the St. 
 Augustine Synod of the Northwest. C. B. L. Boman is secretary. 
 
 The Central Free Dispensary occupies the whole of the first floor of 
 Kush Medical College, corner of Harrison and Wood Streets. The 
 rooms are elegantly fitted up and provided with every convenience for 
 treatment of patients and for clinical instruction, which is here given 
 to the students of the college. The Dispensary has been in active 
 operation at its present location since the fall of 1876. It is the result 
 of the union of two dispensaries — the "Brainard" and the "Herrick." 
 It is sustained by the interest of a fund donated by the Chicago Belief 
 and Aid Society shortly after the great fire, by a small annuity from 
 Cook County, and by voluntary contributions. It also receives the 
 income from a fund of which the trustees of the college are custodians, 
 and which was bequeathed by a wealthy and kind-hearted Scotchman, 
 John Phillips, deceased, for the purpose of establishing and maintain- 
 ing a free dispensary in West Chicago. About twenty thousand patients 
 receive treatment yearly. The dispensary is open every day except 
 Sunday. A staff of attending and visiting physicians is provided. 
 
 The South Side Free Dispensary is one of the oldest institutions of 
 the kind in Chicago. It has been in existence about a quarter of a 
 century. It was for a time a part of Mercy Hospital, under the name of 
 the Davis Free Dispensary, but is now located at the corner of Twenty- 
 sixth Street and Prairie Avenue. One of its features is a provision for 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 127 
 
 visiting those who are unable to come to the dispensary. For this 
 purpose the South Side is divided into twelve districts, each of which 
 is assigned to a graduated physician who gives his services free. Over 
 8,500 prescriptions are rilled annually, and about 3,000 visits made to 
 patients at their homes. 
 
 The Central Homoeopathic Free Dispensary was organized in 1876, 
 by the ladies, wives and friends of the faculty of the Homoeopathic 
 Medical College, and is located in the college building on the corner of 
 Wood and York Streets. It is virtually a part of the college. It fur- 
 nishes medicines and surgical assistance free to the poor, and attends 
 to obstetric cases gratis. It is sustained by subscriptions and the pro- 
 ceeds of entertainments. The noted "butterfly ball" netted $5,000. 
 It has an average of about one hundred applicants a day for relief. 
 
 Hahnemann Hospital Dispensary was organized in May, 1859. Its 
 several departments, medical and surgical, are in the charge of the fac- 
 ulty of Hahnemann Medical College. Its location is in the hospital 
 building, 2813 Groveland Avenue, and it is open every day except 
 Sundays. It averages 30,000 gratuitous prescriptions annually. It is 
 supported by voluntary contributions and from the treasury of the 
 hospital. 
 
 The West Side Free Dispensary was established and incorporated 
 Sept. 9, 1881, as a clinical annex of the College of Physicians and Sur- 
 geons, and for the gratuitous treatment of the deserving poor. The 
 dispensary is located on the first floor of the college, corner of West 
 Harrison and Honore Streets, and was opened to the public in Novem- 
 ber, 1882, since which time about 7,000 treatments have been given, 
 and over 10,000 prescriptions filled. 
 
 The Bennett Free Dispensary is at Bennett Medical College, 511 
 State Street, and is under the management of the officers of the college. 
 It is open from 1: 30 to 3 p. m. daily, except Sundays. 
 
 The Police and Firemen's Relief Fund is under the control of a 
 board of trustees consisting of the mayor, the chief of police, the chief 
 of the fire department, the chairman of the committee on police, city 
 comptroller, the city treasurer, and the committee on fire and water of 
 the City Council. The fund is provided under a special act of the state 
 legislature, from certain specific taxes, fines, etc., and from the two 
 dollars' initiation fee and an annual assessment of $3 from each mem- 
 ber of the police and fire departments. The fund is for the relief of 
 all disabled members of the two departments named. 
 
 The Chicago Exchange for Women's Work, popularly known as the 
 
128 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 " Women's Exchange," was organized March 1, 1879. It is benevolent 
 in intent, its object being to provide a depot for the reception and sale 
 of any marketable article a woman can make in her own home, or any 
 valuable article her necessities oblige her to dispose of, thereby assist- 
 ing needy women to turn to personal profit whatever useful talent they 
 may possess. The " Exchange " is conveniently located at 219 Wabash 
 Avenue. In addition to the sales department, there is a restaurant sup- 
 plied with home-made and home-cooked food. There is also a school 
 under the charge of Mrs. J. S. Eobinson, devoted to instruction in 
 embroidery and various kinds of needle-work. There were 11,839 
 articles, of a total value of over $12,000, sold at the exchange during 
 the year 1883. Any person subscribing $5, may become a member of 
 the association. Each depositor of articles for sale is required to pay 
 an annual fee of $1 and a commission of 10 per cent on all sales. There 
 are now nearly 250 subscribing members of the association. 
 
 The Societa Operaia Italiana was founded by Italian mechanics and 
 laborers, to educate their children, paying the expenses out of the soci- 
 ety funds when necessary. It also helps needy Italians in this country, 
 principally by obtaining work for them, and especially aims to disabuse 
 Americans of the idea that Italians are a class of mendicants, and invokes 
 Italian organ grinders and beggars to abandon their lazy employment. 
 A weekly allowance of $5 is made to a sick member, and at death $100 
 is paid to the widow. The society was organized Sept. 18, 1881, and 
 incorporated Feb. 24, 1882. The membership is about 100. Meetings 
 are held monthly at 54 Lake Street. S. G. Meli is president. 
 
 The Deak Verein is a Hungarian benevolent society, whose meetings 
 are held monthly at the office of the Hebrew Belief and Aid Association 
 Koom 5, No. 200 LaSalle Street. It assists needy Hungarians in all parts 
 of the world. It sent $700 to the flood sufferers of Hungary in 1883, 
 and aided indigent Hungarians to the extent of $1,000. 
 
 The Schweitzer Benevolent Association has sixty members, all 
 natives of Switzerland. It was organized in 1872, chiefly for the relief 
 of distressed Swiss immigrants, but also to provide for destitute Swiss 
 people living in this country. The Swiss republic and several of the 
 Swiss cantons aid it with an annual donation. Eegular meetings are 
 held monthly at Uhlich's Hall. L. Boerlin, Swiss Consul, is president; 
 Alfred Bucher, 168 Market Street, is secretary. 
 
 St. George's Benevolent Association is one of the oldest benevolent 
 organizations in the city, and its good work has been widely felt. It 
 gives advice to English immigrants, and grants relief to persons of En- 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 129 
 
 glish parentage, not members of the association, who are of good moral 
 character. It visits the sick, buries the dead and cares for the widows 
 and orphans of deceased members, and performs other mutual offices of 
 benevolence. There are about 300 members enrolled. Meetings are 
 held monthly at the Sherman House. 
 
 The Scandinavian Emigrant Relief Society was organized May 5, 
 1881, to look after the interests of Scandinavian immigrants, and give 
 them such information and assistance as they may require. The office 
 is at No. 183 North Peoria Street, where an agent of the society is ready 
 to respond to calls. 0. L. Stangeland, 239 West Erie Street, president. 
 
 The Svea Society is a Swedish organization, dating from Jan. 22, 
 1857. It is devoted to literary and benevolent objects. It occupies a 
 suite of rooms at the corner of Chicago Avenue and Larrabee Street, 
 which include a library with 1,600 volumes, meeting room, etc. Each 
 member is entitled to $6 per week when sick, and upon death his heirs 
 receive $100. There are 175 members. Axel Chytraus, Room 17, No. 
 80 Dearborn Street, is secretary. 
 
 The Chebra Kadisha Ubikur Cholim is a Jewish benevolent organi- 
 zation. It holds religious services on the holidays ; relieves the sick 
 and gives deceased members ritualistic burial. It was organized in 
 1861. Its monthly meetings are held on the first Sundays at the corner 
 of Clinton and Randolph Streets. 
 
 The We stern Society for the Suppression of Vice (Chicago branch) 
 was organized in 1878, since which time its influence has been largely 
 felt. It aims to secure the enforcement of the laws for the suppression 
 of obscene literature, illustrations, advertisements and articles of inde- 
 cent and immoral use. During the year 1883 fourteen dealers were 
 arrested, with convictions and pleas of guilty in twelve cases, sentences 
 to imprisonment aggregating six years and six months, and fines 
 amounting to over $1,500. A large quantity of obscene matter was 
 captured. The branch has a membership of 200. The office is at 6 
 Arcade Court. W. W. Yanarsdale is secretary. 
 
 The Young Men's Hebrew Charity Society has been in existence 
 about three years. It gives a " charity ball" annually, the proceeds of 
 which are given to the various charity societies of the city, without 
 regard to sect. About $10,000 have been distributed in this way. Levi 
 A. Eliel, 53 Dearborn Street, is secretary. 
 
 The Schwaben Verein is a German society of 250 members, organ- 
 ized March 1, 1878, for social and benevolent purposes. It has held 
 seven annual festivals, which have yielded some $20,000, out of which 
 9 
 
130 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 about $3,000 have been given for charitable purposes. These festivals 
 are usually held at Ogden's Grove, in August of each year. The society 
 has had plans and drawings made, and will erect a monument to the 
 poet Schiller, in Lincoln Park, and at a cost of $15,000, for which 
 $3,000 have already been set aside. 
 
 The Irish Catholic Colonization Association of the United States is 
 a stock company, organized March 17, 1879, with a capital of $100,- 
 000, divided into 400 shares. It is composed of prominent Irish 
 Americans, and has for its purpose the colonization of Irish immi- 
 grants in the western states and territories. It has been fairly success- 
 ful in its work, and has planted a number of flourishing colonies in Min- 
 nesota, Nebraska and Dakota. The headquarters in Chicago are at the 
 office of the vice-president, "VV. J. Onohan, City Hall. 
 
 The Danish Veteran Society is composed of veterans who fought for 
 the cause of Denmark in the Dano- German wars of 1848-49-50 and 
 1864. It extends a helping hand to any member in need of substan- 
 tial aid. It was incorporated in 1874. 
 
 The Society for Home Teaching of the Blind was organized in 
 1883 by a number of young married couples. It maintains a free 
 lending library for blind people at No. 4 Arcade Court. The library 
 contains nearly 300 volumes of the choicest books, printed in raised 
 letters, and a large number of blind persons go to the rooms every 
 Saturday afternoon for books, and to meet in social converse ; and a 
 missionary is employed to teach the blind to read at their own homes. 
 C. H. Adams is president and H. H. Bradley is secretary and treasurer. 
 Mrs. Victor Lawson is chairman of the board of managers. 
 
 Benevolent and Mutual Aid Societies not heretofore mentioned 
 are: Hotel Men's Mutual Benefit Association, organized in 1879; 
 Postoffice Employes' Mutual Aid Association, 1874 ; Letter Carriers' 
 Belief Fund Association, 187G; Policemen's Benevolent Association, 
 1868; Benevolent Association of the Paid Fire Department, 1863; 
 Firemen's Benevolent Association, 1847 ; Mutual Benefit and Aid Soci- 
 ety (German), 1871-74; First German Christian Aid Society, 1859; 
 Cristoforo Columbo Mutual Aid Society, 1879 ; Cambrian Benevolent 
 Society, 1848 ; Northwestern Traveling Men's Association, 1875 ; Soci- 
 eta Italiana Di Unione E Fratellanza, 1868 ; German Mutual Benefit 
 Association, 1875; Sociefce Francaise De Secours Mutuals ; Bavarian 
 Verein ; Deutcher Krieger Verein ; Chebra Gemiluth TJbikur Cholim. 
 
 The numerous secret and fraternal life assurance societies are 
 omitted from this volume for want of space, 
 
^hc ©lub^ anb ^Societies. 
 
 LITERARY, SOCIAL, POLITICAL, SPORTING, PLEASURE, AND OTHER 
 CLUBS AND SOCIETIES. 
 
 npHE clubs and societies present numerous and varied features of the 
 -*- social side of life, and afford an interesting field for the study 
 of human nature, representing as they do its gregarious, elements. The 
 principal clubs are purely social, providing the enjoyment of the 
 amenities of social intercourse for hours that would otherwise be laden 
 with ennui instead of winged with refreshment. Other associations 
 are devoted to the prosecution of some special purpose, either as a 
 diversion, or for mental or physical exercise in some particular line, or 
 for mutual improvement or assistance in the prosecution of a common 
 purpose. Chicago is abundantly supplied with all classes of these 
 organizations. 
 
 The Chicago Literary Club is the leading literary organization in 
 the city, and ranks among the highest in the country. Its membership 
 includes some of the brightest minds of the age, men whose reputations 
 are international, such as Rev. Robert Collyer, Rev. David Swing, Rev. 
 R. A. Holland, Prof. Louis Dyer, of Harvard University, Thomas 
 Hughes, M. P., Seymour Haden, the famous etcher, Lieut. Gen. Sher- 
 idan and others. The club was organized April 21, 1874, for the pur- 
 pose of discussing topics of interest in essays, conversations, etc. It 
 has a membership of about 200, probably one-third of the members 
 being non-residents, and occupies a fine suite of rooms on the sixth 
 floor of Portland Block. In addition to the rooms usually required for 
 club purposes, there is an auditorium for the weekly discussions which 
 take place on Monday evenings. The following is a list of the presidents 
 of the club since its organization : Rev. Robert Collyer, Hon. Charles B. 
 Lawrence, Dr. Hosmer A. Johnson, Daniel L. Shorey, Edward G. Mason, 
 William F. Poole, Rev. Brooke Herford, Edwin C. Larned, George How- 
 land, Maj. Henry A. Huntington. Only gentlemen are admitted to 
 membership. The annual dues are $24. Dr. Charles Gilman Smith is 
 president; Fred W. Gookin, secretary and treasurer. 
 
 The Fortnightly of Chicago is composed exclusively of women. 
 
132 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 It was organized by the late Mrs. Kate Newell Doggett, June 4, 1873, 
 for the purpose of social and intellectual culture. The club soon gath- 
 ered many of the brightest intellects of Chicago. It has ample rooms 
 in the Art Institute building, on Michigan Avenue and Van Buren 
 Street, in which afternoon meetings are held semi-monthly, except 
 from May to October. The afternoon meeting of the fourth Friday in 
 October is supplemented by a reception in the evening. The member- 
 ship is limited to 175, and there are now 140. The admission fee is 
 $10, and the annual dues $10. The tendency of thought, as exhibited 
 in the essays, is philosophical in the modern sense of the word, and much 
 of the work done by the association is of the highest literary character. 
 Mrs. Mary H. Loomis is president ; Mrs. Helen S. Shedd, secretary ; 
 Mrs. Drusilla Wilkinson, treasurer. 
 
 The Chicago Women's Club was founded by Mrs. Caroline M. Brown, 
 for the purpose of securing mutual sympathy, counsel and united effort 
 toward the progress and higher civilization of humanity. It was organ- 
 ized in 1875, with Mrs. Brown as president. Among the practical 
 results of its labors are the appointment of a woman physician on the 
 medical staff of the Cook County Insane Asylum, and of a night matron 
 in the woman's department of the jail, and the support of a charity 
 kindergarten near the corner of Arnold and Butterfield Streets. There 
 are classes in art and literature, and efforts are being made to establish 
 classes in kitchen gardening. Each branch of the work is placed in 
 charge of a committee. The rooms of the club are in the Art Institute 
 building at the corner of Michigan Avenue and Van Buren Street. 
 Kegular meetings are held semi-monthly. Mrs. Henry L. Frank is 
 president ; Mrs. Helen C. Pierce, secretary ; Mrs. H. B. Stone, treasurer. 
 
 The Press Club of Chicago was organized and incorporated in Jan- 
 uary, 1880, for the purpose of securing a closer intimacy among mem- 
 bers of the journalistic profession in Chicago, and affording them a 
 place of rest and recreation during their unemployed hours. The club 
 now has about 170 members, and is probably the only unmixed news- 
 paper club in the country. Nobody is eligible to membership who has 
 not been for at least one year prior to his application, connected in a 
 literary capacity with a Chicago newspaper, or who shall not have been 
 engaged in purely literary work for the same length of time. The 
 rooms are on the third floor of 113 Madison Street, and include a 
 library and reading room, an assembly room, a billiard room, a pool- 
 table and bar, and a card room. The last Saturday night in each month 
 is termed " Fourth Night," and is devoted to a reception of the mem- 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 133 
 
 bers of the club, their friends, and ladies. In the autumn of each year 
 there is a grand benefit performance in some leading place of amuse- 
 ment, the proceeds of which are contributed to the library fund. Some 
 of the best operatic and dramatic talent of both continents has appeared 
 at these annual entertainments. On the anniversary of the organiza- 
 tion, a grand banquet is given by the club at one of the principal hotels, 
 to which distinguished literary men are invited and entertained as 
 guests. The membership fee is $15 ; the annual dues, $12. The club 
 has the portrait of each president done in oil at the close of his term. 
 F. B. Wilkie, one of the main organizers of the club, was its first presi- 
 dent and James E. Bradwell, of the Legal News, is the present presid- 
 ing officer. 
 
 The Chicago Club is one of the oldest and most fashionable clubs 
 in the city. It owns 
 its building, has its 
 own cuisine, and is 
 modeled in many 
 essential respects 
 after the estab- 
 lished clubs of the 
 old world. It was 
 founded in 1869 
 by very prominent 
 citizens, among 
 whom were Philip 
 Wadsworth, Chas. 
 B. Farwell, Octa- 
 vius Badger, G. H. 
 Wheeler and oth- 
 ers. The club house 
 was for a time on 
 Michigan Avenue, 
 but having erect- 
 ed the handsome 
 building it now 
 occupies on Mon- 
 roe Street, opposite the Palmer House, the club moved into it in 1875. 
 The house is of red brick with tasteful stone trimmings, and is five 
 stories in height with a basement. Following the French plan the 
 culinary department is placed on the fifth floor. The private and 
 
 Interior View Chicago Club House. 
 
134 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 general dining-rooms, on the next floor below, are so arranged that 
 they can all be thrown into one when necessary. The third floor is 
 occupied by sleeping-rooms, and the second story by the library, card 
 and directors' rooms, and a fine billiard room. The reception rooms, 
 cafe and reading rooms, on the first floor, are entered through an im- 
 posing hall. All the rooms are artistically finished, and there are many 
 excellent paintings, among which is a portrait of President Fairbank, 
 by the well-known Healy, The club is a purely social organization. 
 The membership numbers over five hundred ; the initiation fee is 
 $300, and the annual dues $80. N. K. Fairbank is president ; Thomas 
 S. Kirkwood, secretary and treasurer. 
 
 The West Side Club was founded in November, 1882. It occupies 
 a fine three-story club house at 451 Washington Boulevard, which con- 
 tains parlors, reception, library, card and billiard rooms, and all other 
 necessary appointments. The club is social in its purpose, and gives 
 literary and musical entertainments which are of an excellent charac- 
 ter. There are 125 members. Philip Stein is president. 
 
 The Calumet Club, located on Michigan Avenue and Twentieth 
 Street, is probably the largest social organization of the kind in the 
 west, and enjoys the possession of a building which, in extent, conven- 
 ience and elegance of finish and furnishing is not surpassed by that of 
 any similar institution. The Calumet is regarded as the most aristo- 
 cratic club in the city. It was organized April 4, 1878, and was insti- 
 tuted under its charter with Gen. Anson Stager as president ; Charles 
 J. Barnes as vice-president ; and F. B. Tuttle, treasurer and secretary. 
 A spacious dwelling at the corner of Michigan Avenue and Eighteenth 
 Street was the home of the club until it completed the palatial struct- 
 ure it now occupies. The building is of red brick with terra-cotta 
 trimmings, covers an area 81xl83| feet, and its height of ninetj 7 feet 
 is divided into five stories and a basement. The main entrance is a 
 massive doorway, which opens into a hall of striking dimensions and 
 decoration. On the left of the hall there is a fine old-fashioned fire- 
 place, with andirons and other ancient fixtures. Opposite the entrance 
 rises the principal stairway, at the first landing of which a large window 
 presents a view of Calumet Lake in stained glass. The main reading- 
 room is one of the most elegant apartments in the city, with carved 
 furniture, and walls adorned with full-length portraits of many dis- 
 tinguished citizens, among them Hon. John Wentworth, Gen. Anson 
 Stager, Edson Keith, and Gen. Phil. Sheridan. The billiard-room and 
 the cafe in the rear are handsomely fitted up, and the assembly room 
 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 135 
 
 is remarkable for its size, and for its artistic frescoes. The card-room 
 is superbly furnished, the ceiling beautifully frescoed, and the stained 
 glass windows hung with rich and costly curtains. The " Old Settlers' 
 Koom " is one of the most interesting in the building, containing a 
 large collection of portraits of prominent men and 
 pioneers, and curiosities and relics of early Chicago. 
 An entresol between the second and third floors is 
 allotted to members' sleeping-rooms. The dining- 
 
 arsi ism 
 
 wBm 
 
 it 
 
 
 ^.d 
 
 
 Calumet Club House. 
 
 hall is capable of seating 300 people, and three private dining-rooms 
 connected with the hall can be thrown into one with it. The cuisine 
 is noted for its excellence. There are 721 members, most of them 
 leading business men of the city. The membership fee is $250, and 
 the annual dues $80. J. W. Doane is president ; T. E. Jenkins, secre- 
 tary ; C. J. Blair, treasurer. 
 
136 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The Commercial Club of Chicago was organized Dec. 27, 1877, for 
 social purposes, and to promote the commercial interests of the city. 
 It is composed of gentlemen prominently representing those interests. 
 The membership is limited to sixty. It has no club house, but meets 
 monthly, except during the summer, and gives a grand annual banquet 
 in January. It entertains distinguished commercial men from abroad 
 in regal style, and is an organization of high character and great use- 
 fulness. John M. Clark is president ; A. F. Seeberger, treasurer ; 
 George C. Clarke, secretary. 
 
 The Standard Club occupies a high position as a social organization. 
 It was instituted April 5, 1869. Its club-rooms are at 1302 Michigan 
 Avenue, and are handsomely fitted up. The members number 190, 
 nearly all of the Jewish faith. Charles H. Schwab is president ; E. 
 Hoffman, treasurer ; B. Mergentheim, secretary. 
 
 The Chicago Merchants' Club was started Jan. 29, 1884, for social 
 purposes and to aid in maintaining the dignity of mercantile avoca- 
 tions. It purchased the elegant apartments at the southwest corner of 
 Clark and Madison Streets previously occupied by the Chicago Mercan- 
 tile Club, which had fitted them up at a cost of $15,000. They in- 
 clude all the usual reception, sleeping, refreshment and amusement 
 rooms. The dining-room is capable of seating 125 persons. The 
 attractive cuisine of the club is much resorted to by the members, who 
 are 150 in number, and many of them resort to it for one or more of 
 their daily meals. Ladies are admitted to the club -rooms on Satur- 
 days. The membership fee is $50, and the annual dues $60. L, H. 
 Bisbee is president ; John W. Hepburn, secretary ; Albert Seckel, 
 treasurer. 
 
 The Keather Club has forty members, principally Scotchmen. It 
 was organized in the spring of 1881, for the purpose of literary and 
 social intercourse. Weekly meetings are held at the club rooms, No. 
 153 Clark Street. George Handy is secretary. 
 
 The Union Club is to the North Side what the Calumet and Chicago 
 Clubs are to the South Side, It is an aristocratic institution, its mem- 
 bership of 500 being drawn from the highest social circles. It was 
 organized in February, 1878 ; located at State Street and Chicago 
 Avenue for about eighteen months ; then for three years in the well- 
 known Ogden House, opposite Washington Square. In November, 
 1883, it moved into the premises now occupied, which are owned by the 
 club. The building is a massive structure 80 X 86 feet, and stands on 
 a lot 110x147 feet. The material is a fine brown sandstone from 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 137 
 
 Massachusetts, rough dressed, aud the style of architecture is original 
 and imposing. The design was by Messrs. Cobb & Frost, architects. 
 The interior finish throughout, except the parlor, is oak, and very rich. 
 The main entrance opens into a large square hall, resembling a baronial 
 hall of the times of " good queen Bess." The hall has a wide old-fash- 
 ioned fire-place for burning cordwood. The stairway leading up from 
 this hall is very elegant. The reception room is on the left of the 
 entrance, and the office on the right. The double parlor on the same 
 floor is finished in mahogany, the division being marked by a mahog- 
 any arch of elaborate design. The walls are decorated with choice 
 
 U.micm Club Housk. 
 
 pictures. The cafe is quite unique, resembling the interior of an old 
 English inn. The large salon, or assembly room, and the library, card 
 and directors' rooms, are on the second floor, and the third floor is 
 devoted to lodging rooms for members. The location at Dearborn 
 Avenue and Washington Place was happily chosen, being in every way 
 favorable for the purpose. The entire property cost $150,000. The 
 membership fee is $100, and the annual dues $40. The officers are 
 A. A. Carpenter, president ; L. J. Gage, vice-president ; H. A. Keith, 
 secretary ; and A. W. Cobb, treasurer. 
 
138 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The Bankers' Club is an organization of the leading bankers of the 
 city, to promote social intercourse and advance the interests of the 
 members and of banking generally. The club was instituted early in 
 1883, and numbers some seventy members. The meetings are held 
 quarterly, and the business of the sessions is usually followed by a 
 banquet and general sociability and good fellowship. 
 
 The Illinois Club is the fashionable social organization of the West 
 Side, its membership being composed principally of prominent busi- 
 ness men who are residents of that section of the city. The club was 
 organized in April, 1878, and occupies a two-story stone front mansion 
 at 154 South Ashland Avenue, one of the finest of the West Side thor- 
 oughfares. The premises were designed for a fine residence, and cost 
 $40,000, and the house was refitted for club purposes at a cost of 
 $10,000. An addition is now in course of construction which will cost, 
 with furniture, $30,000 more. The art gallery of the Illinois Art Asso- 
 ciation will occupy a portion of the new building. The furnishing 
 throughout — billiard, card and reading rooms, parlors and all other 
 apartments — is both elegant and substantial; the decoration is of a 
 highly artistic order. The walls are hung with many choice works of 
 art from the most noted studios of Europe and America. The recep- 
 tions and musicales given by the club are delightful entertainments, 
 and the club house is thronged with representatives of the world of 
 fashion on such occasions. The membership fee is $100, and the 
 annual dues $40. There are 300 members, to which number the club 
 is limited. The institution is Avell managed and prosperous, having a 
 surplus in the treasury. J. H. Bradley is president ; Fred. K. Morrill, 
 secretary ; W. A. Hammond treasurer. 
 
 The Union League Club was organized in 1879 as the Chicago 
 Club of the Union League of America. It is both social and political 
 in character, one of the conditions of membership being absolute and 
 unqualified loyalty to the government of the United States. Its mem- 
 bership is limited to 700, and now numbers 600, and includes many 
 prominent citizens. It occupies handsomely fitted up apartments in 
 Honore Building, including reception room, parlor and dining room. 
 These, however, are regarded as only a temporary home. A large and 
 handsome club house is soon to be erected on the corner of Jackson 
 Street and Fourth Avenue, and it is expected that it will be ready for 
 occupancy in the fall of 1885. A feature of the club is its excellent 
 cuisine, and many of the members resort to it for dinner and luncheon 
 daily. J. McGregor Adams is president. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 139 
 
 The Lakeside Club is the youngest of the Chicago clubs, dating 
 from June 2, 1884. It occupies two finely furnished mansions on 
 Wabash Avenue and Thirtieth Street. It has about 120 members, 
 and is preparing to build a club house at a cost of some $50,000. 
 The membership fee is $25, and the annual dues $50. Morris 
 Beifield is president ; Jacob Kahn, treasurer ; N. A. Mayer, secretary. 
 
 The Iroquois Club is a social and political organization, instituted 
 by leading Democrats during the Hancock campaign of 1880. It was 
 at first called "The Chicago Democratic Club," and held its meetings 
 in the Palmer House. In October, 1881, it was reorganized and incor- 
 porated under its present title. Politically it limits its field to national 
 politics. It has fitted up in elegant style six stories of Haverly 
 Theater building, which it occupies under a lease for five years. There 
 are reception, reading, smoking, bar, card, billiard, dressing, cafe and 
 toilet rooms ; private dining rooms, and a main dining hall elaborately 
 finished and hung with pictures, three spacious rooms which can be 
 thrown into one for use as the general assembly room, and give seating 
 capacity for 500 persons, with a raised platform overlooking the hall 
 thus formed ; and there are also a well provided culinary department 
 and other conveniences. The membership fee is $50, and the annual 
 dues $10. The number of members exceeds 500. The club has made 
 itself a power in the Democratic party, and has a national reputation 
 and influence. Erskine M. Phelps is president ; Walter Mattocks and 
 Frank G. Hoyne, secretaries ; J. H. McAvoy, treasurer. 
 
 The Saracen Club was organized in 1876 by Mrs. Fernanda Jones, 
 for the purpose of promoting social and intellectual culture among its 
 members. It is a mixed club of ladies and gentlemen. The meetings 
 are held on the first Thursday evening of every month at the residence 
 of some one of the members. The membership is limited to fifty. 
 The annual meeting takes place on the first Thursday in May. Henry 
 W. Fuller is president ; William M. Payne, secretary and treasurer. 
 
 The Chicago Liberal League was organized in 1881, and now has 
 a membership of nearly 100 persons. Its main object is to secure and 
 maintain a complete separation of church and state in all things ; and 
 to promote this end it holds regular Sunday evening meetings at Odd 
 Fellows' Hall, corner of Halsted and Madison Streets, for the free dis- 
 cussion and agitation of the subject. E. A. Stevens is president ; Mrs. 
 L. M. Swank is recording secretary, and Henry Borg is treasurer. 
 
 The Society for Ethical Culture was incorporated in April, 1883. Its 
 object is to find and disseminate "a truer philosophy of life and a 
 
140 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 higher ideal of duty " than are presented in the speculative philosophy 
 and dogmatic theology of the day. To this end the society provides 
 weekly lectures and discussions for adults, classes for the instruction 
 of children, and normal classes for older students. It has also insti- 
 tuted a system of Eelief Works, which has been incorporated and is 
 one of the active relief agencies of the city. Among the 100 mem- 
 bers of the society are some of the most prominent gentlemen in the 
 literary and social circles of Chicago. A. B. Hosmer, M. D., 170 State 
 Street, is secretary ; W. M. Salter, 83 Madison Street, lecturer. 
 
 The Moral Educational Society is composed of ladies, assisted by 
 an advisory board of ladies and gen.lemen. It was founded Nov. 13, 
 1882, for the dissemination of elevated ideas relative to marriage and 
 parenthood, the abolition of vice, and the moral training of youth. 
 The meetings are held monthly at the Grand Pacific Hotel, and are 
 open to all ladies desiring to attend. The society also holds public 
 meetings occasionally. Some thirty-six members are now enrolled. 
 Miss Mary Dye, 383 Washington Boulevard, is secretary. 
 
 The Margaret Fuller Society seeks by discussion and study to 
 advance the education of women in political economy and the princi- 
 ples of government. It was instituted Aug. 3, 1880, and is the first 
 society of the name. It is composed of ladies, gentlemen being ad- 
 mitted only as honorary members. Some forty names are on the rolls. 
 The society holds its meetings semi-monthly at the Grand Pacific 
 Hotel, and its proceedings are published from time to time. Miss 
 Louisa Burpee is secretary. 
 
 The Unity Club was organized on the 10th of January, 1883, 
 by Bev. Jenkin Lloyd Jones, pastor of All Souls' Church. The 
 purpose is to study and discuss the writings of Kobert Browning, 
 and other literary works and art subjects. There are forty members, 
 mainly of the church congregation. The meetings are held monthly 
 in All Souls' Society Hall. Bev. J. L. Jones is president ; Miss Eva 
 Manierre, secretary ; Charles Ware, treasurer. 
 
 The Illinois Association of the Sons of Vermont is one of the largest 
 state clubs in the west. It grew out of a centennial celebration held 
 Jan. 17, 1877, by natives of Vermont, in commemoration of the formal 
 declaration of the people of Vermont at Westminster Court-house that 
 they were an independent commonwealth. A permanent organization 
 was effected on the 22d of the following month. Begular meetings 
 are held semi-annually in Boom 70, Government Building. The club 
 seeks to promote a more cordial interest and sympathy among natives 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 141 
 
 of the Green Mountain state who reside in Illinois, and gives a grand 
 annual banquet at the Palmer House on the 17th of January, which 
 is usually attended by 400 or 500 people. It has 300 members. 
 Elbridge G. Keith is president; E. B. Sherman, Boom 70 Government 
 Building, secretary ; H. H. Nash, treasurer. 
 
 The Charming Club is an organization of Unitarians, for social pur- 
 poses and the general advancement of Unitarian interests in Chicago 
 and the west. It meets monthly, except in July, August and Septem- 
 ber, at the Union League rooms. The programme of exercises em- 
 braces essays, papers and general discussion, preceded by a collation. 
 The club rooms, at 1 35 Wabash Avenue, include offices for organizations 
 engaged in Unitarian work in the west, and pleasant reception rooms 
 where visitors to Chicago interested in the Unitarian cause are cordially 
 received. Eric Winters is secretary and treasurer. 
 
 The Garibaldi Legion is an Italian society with purely social and lit- 
 erary objects. It was organized in 1882, soon after the death of the 
 Italian statesman whose name it bears. There are about seventy-five 
 members. Meetings are held on the second Friday of each month at 
 Uhlich's Hall. John G. Biggio is president, and John Ginochio is 
 secretary. 
 
 The Plattsdeutschen Verein was organized Nov. 15, 1874, and incor- 
 porated on the 26th of March the following year. It membership is 
 composed entirely of "Low Dutch," and its object is to encourage and 
 keep in practice the customs and usages of the mother country, and 
 especially to keep fresh the "Low Dutch" literature and language. 
 The society has a small library. Meets at Uhlich's Hall Thursday 
 evenings. 
 
 The Virginia Society is a club established in 1880 to promote social 
 intercourse among natives of Virginia and their descendants. Among 
 its founders were the late Cyrus H. McCormick, who was the first presi- 
 dent ; the late Gen. N. B. Buford, Judge S. M. Moore, and Judge John 
 G. Kogers. Four meetings are held each year, at the Palmer House, 
 subject to call. 0. W. Nixon is president ; H. L. Mason, secretary ; S. 
 G. Seaton, treasurer. 
 
 The Citizens' Association of Chicago was organized in 1874, to 
 promote municipal reforms, rectify and prevent abuses, sustain popular 
 rights against encroachment, secure the enactment and enforcement of 
 good laws, encourage desirable enterprises, and generally to assist in 
 advancing the interests of the city and the people in respect to order, 
 justice, and the development of industry and trade. It does not engage 
 
142 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 in any enterprise for any religious denomination, political organization, 
 or organization interested in promoting temperance or sumptuary leg- 
 islation. It keeps vigilant watch over every public interest, and 
 promptly interferes upon every reasonable occasion. It lias over 900 
 members, who are divided into committees having special departments 
 to look after, such as finance, military, theaters, tenement houses, 
 street obstructions, railway crossings, fast driving, education, adultera- 
 tion of food, civil service reform, taxation, city and county legislation, 
 judiciary, elections, water supply, pavements, etc. The rooms of the 
 association are at 3.5 Merchants' Building, 92 LaSalle Street. J. C. 
 Ambler is secretary. 
 
 The Sons of Maine is the title of a club composed of natives of the 
 state of Maine, who hold social reunions and in other ways unite in 
 keeping up a patriotic pride in the Pine Tree state. It was organized in 
 April, 1880, and has about 200 members. Eegular meetings are held 
 semi-annually, generally at the Palmer House. The first meeting of 
 the year is always on the 20th of March, the date of the admission of 
 Maine into the Union. George M. How is president ; Newton Good- 
 win, secretary ; "William Sprague, treasurer. 
 
 The Illinois St. Andrew's Society, one of the oldest social and 
 benevolent associations in the city, was organized in January, 1846, 
 and chartered in 1853. It takes kindly care of those of the Scottish 
 nationality who need its aid and counsel, and has a burial place in Bose 
 Hill, where are interred those Scotchmen who die destitute in Chicago. 
 A monument designates the ground, and over each grave is a plain 
 stone which records the name, etc., of the stranger. The society 
 derives its funds from initiation fees of $2 each, membership fees of $3 
 per annum, the proceeds of the annual dinner on St. Andrew's day, and 
 the yearly balls given for the benefit of the ladies, who do not attend 
 the anniversary dinners. George Anderson, Esq., is the only survivor 
 of the original organizers, and his recitation of " Tarn O'Shanter" is 
 always a feature of the anniversary banquet. Andrew Wallace is presi- 
 dent, 95 Dearborn Street. 
 
 The Chicago Bar Association, incorporated in 1874, was organized 
 to maintain the honor and dignity of the profession of the law, to cul- 
 tivate social intercourse among its members, and to increase its useful- 
 ness in promoting the due administration of justice. The incorporators 
 were : Charles M. Sturges, James P. Eoot, C. B. Lawrence, Charles 
 Hitchcock, Eobert T. Lincoln and Ira O. Wilkinson. The annual meet- 
 ing of the association is held on the second Saturday in January. The 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 143 
 
 membership fee is $15. The board of managers meet monthly, except 
 in July, August and September, at Boom 71, County Building. F. Q. 
 Ball is president ; George W. Cass, secretary, and Bobert E. Jenkins, 
 treasurer. 
 
 The Cook County Teachers' Association is composed of teachers 
 engaged in the practice of their profession, in the school districts out- 
 side of the city. The total number of teachers so engaged is 650, and 
 there is an average attendance of about 300 at the meetings, which are 
 held monthly from October to May, inclusive, in Methodist Church 
 Block. A growing interest is manifested in the programme of exer- 
 cises, which embraces addresses by prominent educators, essays and 
 discussions, all bearing upon the work of the members. The associa- 
 tion was organized in 1878. William H. Bay, Hyde Park, secretary. 
 
 The Chicago Turngemeinde is the oldest and strongest German 
 society in the city. It dates its organization from 1853, and now has a 
 membership of over 400. It owns Turner Hall at 255 North Clark 
 Street. The corner stone of the building was laid in the summer of 
 1872, and the official opening of the hall took place Jan. 1, 1873. 
 The property has now a value of fully $175,000. The main hall has a 
 floor space of 75x125. The gymnasium is thoroughly equipped, and 
 the library, reading and meeting rooms are appropriately arranged. 
 The library contains over 3,000 volumes, and includes many standard 
 German works. The reading-room is supplied with the leading Ger- 
 man periodicals. At an evening school, conducted in the building, 
 instruction is given in the languages by competent teachers. There 
 are also a school of short-hand and classes in drawing, free to members 
 of the society. About 500 children, of both sexes, are instructed in 
 gymnastics. The first Turner Hall, occupied in 1863, was destroyed 
 by the great fire, and the present building was erected on its site. The 
 president of the society is L. Nettelhorst ; the financial secretary is H. 
 Heinemann, and the treasurer is E. Fielder. 
 
 The Turn Verein Voerwarts has about 250 members. It formerly 
 owned the West Side Turner Hall, 251 AVest Twelfth Street, and 
 although it become necessary, through financial embarrassment, to sell 
 the property, the society still occupies the hall. The gymnasium has 
 an excellent equipment. Senior classes are taught in the evening, and 
 juvenile classes in the afternoon, Prof. W. Zoller being the instructor. 
 
 The Bohemian Gymnastic Association ("Sokol") is the "central 
 union" of thirteen branch societies, distributed among the leading 
 American cities, Four of these branches are in Chicago. The mem- 
 
144 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 bership of the association is composed of delegates from the branch 
 societies. Its main object is to promote the mental and physical cult- 
 ure of the Bohemian people in this country. It meets on the first 
 Friday of each month at 74 West Taylor Street. J. B. Belohradsky i.i 
 president, and George Hajek, secretary. 
 
 The Aurora Turn Verein was organized Feb. 22, 1864. It formerly 
 owned Aurora Turner Hall, corner of Huron Street and Milwaukee 
 Avenue. Becoming financially embarrassed the hall was sold, but the 
 society continues to occupy it. The gymnasium, which is the leading 
 feature, is well equipped with devices for gymnastic exercise, and there 
 are senior and juvenile classes, for the boys and girls. The library 
 contains several hundred books, mostly German, and the reading-room 
 is supplied with the leading German periodicals. The membership 
 numbers about 270, and the society is flourishing. William Legner is 
 president ; Prof. Aug. Zaph, teacher. 
 
 The Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, organ- 
 ized in 1867, has its headquarters for the state of Illinois in this city. 
 Its members are, or have been commissioned officers of the United 
 States army and navy, who made honorable records during the late 
 war. The Illinois membership numbers about 175, mostly in Chicago. 
 Meetings are held monthly at the rooms of the Chicago Literary Club, 
 in Portland Block, at each of which some member reads a paper on 
 some battle or campaign. Gen. Sheridan commanded here until his 
 removal to Washington. He was succeeded by Col. John Mason Lewis. 
 
 The Eighty-second Illinois Veteran Society was organized in Octo- 
 ber, 1881, to keep up good fellowship among comrades of the 
 regiment, to relieve distress, and to bury dead brethren when neces- 
 sary. The members are Germans and Scandinavians. The meetings 
 are held monthly at No. 171 North Clark Street. Joseph Reilling is 
 president ; Geo. Vocke, secretary ; Peter Lauer, treasurer. 
 
 The Nineteenth Illinois Infantry Volunteers Veteran Club num- 
 bers fifty members, and was organized in the summer of 1880, to 
 promote reunion and mutual good fellowship. Eegular meetings are 
 held monthly at No. 106 Bandolph Street. 
 
 The Veteran Union League is composed of old Union soldiers of 
 any regiment or state, honorably discharged, together Avith a limited 
 number of their friends. It was organized for social and political pur- 
 poses, and dates from June, 1880. It has a total of 175 active and 
 honorary members, including some of the best citizens of Chicago. It 
 is an offshoot of the Chicago Union Veteran Club, its members being 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 145 
 
 also members of the latter organization. The League has handsomely 
 furnished apartments at No. 185 Clark Street, a whole floor being 
 fitted up for its use. Eegular meetings are held here monthly. W. S. 
 Scribner is president ; W. W. King, treasurer ; W. H. Coulston, Matte- 
 son House, secretary. A growing interest is minifested in the affairs of 
 the League, and it promises to increase in influence from year to year. 
 
 The Union League of America was founded the first year of the 
 late civil war, for the purpose of supporting, protecting and defending 
 the constitution and government of the United States against all ene- 
 mies. It had many stirring assemblies during the years of the great 
 conflict, and did incalculable good for the country. The nucleus of 
 the organization was formed at a meeting of eleven patriotic persons 
 in Cleveland, Ohio. The work of organization spread rapidly, and in 
 May, 1863, the national council met for the first time, with eighteen 
 states represented. From that time the league gained rapidly in 
 strength, and soon extended its beneficent influence over the entire 
 country, counting its members by the millions. It has little more than 
 a nominal existence at present, though the organization is still intact. 
 The Grand Council of the State of Illinois has its headquarters at 
 Room 415, First National Bank building. George Harlow is president ; 
 Henry S. Hawley, secretary, and John C. Baker, treasurer. 
 
 The Thirteen Club was organized April 13, 1883, to combat the 
 superstition as to the unlucky character of Friday, of the number 
 Thirteen, and other relics of folk lore. There is also provision for 
 assisting members or their families in case of sickness or death among 
 them. The number Thirteen is introduced in every possible way. 
 At all banquets each table must contain exactly thirteen, and the regu- 
 lar meetings are held on the thirteenth of each month, in Eoom 13, at 
 the Grand Pacific Hotel. The exercises are social and literary. The 
 club now contains two groups of thirteen, or twenty-six members in 
 all. Francis H. Hill is chief ruler ; William C. Duncan, scribe ; "W. H. 
 Bolton, receiver. 
 
 The Canadian Club is a social organization instituted in 1880. It 
 has two classes of members, the leading class being native Canadians 
 and their descendants, and the other such persons of other national- 
 ities as the club may see fit to admit to membership. The latter class 
 is limited to 100. The entire membership is 125. The club gives an 
 annual dinner. E. J. Ogden is president ; E. E. Ogden, treasurer ; 
 W. G. Eichardson, secretary. 
 10 
 
146 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The Washington Park Club was organized in 1883. Though one 
 of the newest, it is one of the most aristocratic club organizations. It 
 was modeled after the American Jockey Club of New York City, and 
 famous European jockey clubs. It opened its splendid race course — 
 for running races — June 28, 1884, with a brilliant and successful meet- 
 ing. The grounds, lying just south of Washington Park, contain eighty 
 and one-half acres. Nearly $450,000 have been spent on the grounds 
 and improvements. The track is eighty feet in width, and a mile in 
 circuit. The infield is ornamented with two small lakes. The club 
 house is palatial. It covers 80x125 feet of ground and cost over $60,- 
 000. It is open to members the year round. The grand stand, 55x504 
 
 Washington Park Club House. 
 
 feet, is three stories high and will seat about 10,000. The stables will 
 accommodate 500 horses. The club has over 600 members. The 
 entrance fee is $150, and the annual dues $40. The capital stock is 
 $250,000. Gen. P. H. Sheridan is president; John K. Walsh, treasurer ; 
 and John E. Brewster, secretary. 
 
 The Chicago Union Veteran Club is a strong political organization 
 numbering 1,875 active and associate members, among whom are 
 many prominent and influential men. It was organized in September, 
 1876, to "uphold the principles of the Bepublican party," but ' ' reserv- 
 ing the right to act independently where the interests of the Union 
 veteran soldiers are involved ; " to procure employment for Union 
 soldiers and sailors, and to cultivate good fellowship among the mem- 
 bers. It was incorporated Dec. 6, 1880. Sons of deceased Union 
 soldiers may become active members, and sons of living veterans 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 147 
 
 associate members, if of age. The annual picnics of this club are 
 always largely attended. The club exerts a powerful influence in local 
 politics. The regular meetings are held monthly at the office of the 
 secretary. James A. Sexton is president ; John L. Manning, 163 Wash- 
 ington Street, secretary ; William H. Bolton, treasurer. 
 
 The Chicago Board of Trade Battery Association was organized 
 July 3, 1865. It is composed of members of the old Board of Trade 
 Battery, banded together for mutual benefit and to perpetuate friend- 
 ships formed while in active service. All members of the battery are 
 considered members of the association. There are ninety-five of these 
 living whose residences are known, and eighty-five who may be living, 
 but whose residences are not known. The annual meeting for reunion is 
 held at the Palmer House club room, on the first Monday in April. 
 
 The Twenty-fourth Illinois Veteran Society was organized in 1868, 
 for social and commemorative purposes, and to relieve needy regi- 
 mental comrades. It has sixty members, and holds monthly meetings 
 at No. 171 North Clark Street. Charles Hagemann is secretary. 
 
 The Chicago Veterans of the Mexican War is an association com- 
 posed of soldiers, sailors, mariners and teamsters who served in the war 
 with Mexico, and were honorably discharged. The general objects are 
 social and commemorative, but its special purpose is to aid in placing 
 the surviving veterans of the Mexican war on the pension rolls of the 
 government, as a just and proper recognition of their services. The 
 association, which Avas formed in November, 1876, now numbers about 
 sixty members, nearly all of them residents of the city. Regular meet- 
 ings are held quarterly at No. 106 Randolph Street. James R. Hue- 
 gunin is secretary. 
 
 The Irish-American Club, one of the most popular Irish organiza- 
 tions in the city, was founded in 1881, for social, literary and national 
 purjjoses. It has about 300 members, and is the oldest club of the 
 kind in the country. It occupies very neat and convenient rooms on 
 the third floor of Nos. 88 and 90 Washington Street, which include a 
 general meeting hall, reception room, billiard room, reading room and 
 library. 
 
 The Chicago Mercantile Battery Veteran Association was formed 
 in 1867, disbanded by the great fire of 1871, and reorganized in 1877. 
 It now has about 100 members, chiefly residents of the city and 
 suburbs. Its purpose is to bring together socially those who served 
 during the war in the Mercantile Battery, so named because it was 
 raised by the efforts of the " Mercantile Association" of the city. The 
 
148 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 present members are all that survive of the 300 who served with the 
 battery. An annual reunion is held by the society. 
 
 The Irish- American Council, which was organized in 1869, has a 
 membership numbering 195, composed of three delegates from each 
 of the sixty-five Irish-American societies in the city. Its office is to 
 arrange for the celebration of St. Patrick's and other Irish national 
 days. The meetings are at the call of the president. William Curran 
 is president. 
 
 The Fritz Reuter Club was organized for social objects in 1881. 
 Its membership is restricted to Germans engaged in mercantile pur- 
 suits, and is limited to seventy-five. Seventy members are now 
 enrolled, and until recently its club rooms under McCormick's Hall, 
 were open four days and evenings of each week. At present meetings 
 are held on Wednesday evenings only, at Uhlich Hall. 
 
 The Chicago Association of Ex-Union Prisoners of War was first 
 organized in April, 1880, as the Prisoners of War Union of Chicago. 
 Upon the reorganization of the National Association in September, 
 1883, the Chicago subordinate association was also immediately reor- 
 ganized. The main object is to secure national legislation for the ben- 
 efit of ex-union prisoners of war. Several bills for this purpose have 
 already been introduced in Congress, but none of them have yet been 
 passed. Meetings are held on the second Friday of each month at No. 
 106 Kandolph Street. There are nearly 200 members enrolled. 
 
 The Chicago Photographic Association has for its object the 
 advancement of photography, mutual instruction and social good fel- 
 lowship. It was organized in 1871, and meets monthly at 229 State 
 Street. Prof. H. D. Garrison is president, and F. H. Davies, 88 Walton 
 Place, is secretary and treasurer. 
 
 The Chicago Yacht Club is the only yacht club in the city. Its 
 club house is at 189 Michigan Avenue, near the anchorage of the fleet, 
 which consists of twenty-four vessels, and is harbored behind the gov- 
 ernment pier. The yachts are the individual property of the members. 
 Among the most noted are the "Wasp," the largest sloop in fresh 
 water, owned by Capt. Prindeville, the projector and first commodore 
 of the club, and the schooner "Idler," owned by vice-commodore 
 Fisher, and believed to be the fastest yacht in the world. At the 
 regatta of the New York Yacht Club, June 8, 1876, she made the fastest 
 time ever made by any yacht. She has won more prizes than any other 
 yacht in America. The club has an annual summer cruise to Milwau- 
 kee, attended by a cup race, and social festivities on board, the families 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 149 
 
 and friends of many of the members accompanying them on the crnise. 
 The summer and fall regattas on the lake near Chicago are events of 
 public interest. The club signal is a swallow- tailed red pennant, with 
 a diagonal blue band half the w r idth of the head, the upper margin of 
 the band being a straight line from the lower point to the upper clew. 
 The club house walls are ornamented with marine pictures and models. 
 This club has been the inspiration and support of yachting interest in 
 this section, and since its organization has not lost a life in any of its 
 cruises or contests. It was organized in 1875, and incorporated in 
 1882, and has 150 members. The officers are : A. J. Fisher, commo- 
 dore ; E. W. Syer, vice-commodore ; K. F. Pettibone, rear commodore ; 
 Harry Duvall, recording secretary ; A. P. Seymour, 162 Washington 
 Street, corresponding secretary ; F. W. S. Bramley, treasurer; F. B. H. 
 Bonter, measurer; "W. Blanchard, M. D., fleet surgeon; C. E. Kremer, 
 judge advocate ; Jos. Ruff, time-keeper. 
 
 The Farragut Boat Club is the oldest club of the kind now in exist- 
 ence in Chicago, and one of the most prominent and influential in the 
 amateur boating circles of the United States. It was organized March 
 10, 1872, and incorporated July 1, 1875. On three occasions the- 
 boat house of the club was destroyed by lake storms — at the foot of 
 Twenty-first Street in 1874 ; at the foot of Thirteenth Street in 1877 
 and at the foot of Twenty- fifth Street in 1882. In the latter case the 
 house, a commodious structure of brick and stone, was entirely 
 destroyed together with eighteen valuable boats. A temporary house 
 of brick was immediately constructed and fully equipped with new 
 boats, and the club at once purchased valuable building lots on Lake 
 Park Avenue, near Thirty-first Street, and at this writing (October, 
 1884,) is actively engaged in the arrangements for the erection of a 
 club house to cost $20,000. The working plans indicate a very ele- 
 gant and substantial structure, two stories high, over a fine basement 
 which will contain the bowling alleys, boat room, and gymnasium. The 
 main floor is devoted to parlors, library and club rooms. The third 
 floor will contain a fine private theater and dancing hall. Owning but 
 one boat in 1872, the club now possesses twenty-five of the most 
 expensive boats, including a number belonging to members. The 
 entire club property is valued at $20,000. The membership includes 
 160 of the representative young men of Chicago. The club has now 
 over fifty hard fought victories in aquatic contests, and many flags and 
 gold medals attest its prowess in this direction. It is a member of the 
 "National Association of Amateur Oarsmen," of " The Mississippi Val- 
 
150 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ley Amateur Bowing Association" and of the "Northwestern Amateur 
 Association." The receptions and entertainments given by the Farragut 
 Club during the winter season are regarded as among the leading social 
 events. The officers are : Lyman B. Glover, president ; Clinton B. 
 Hale, vice-president ; George B. Blodgett, secretary ; Frank M. Staples, 
 treasurer ; George A. McClellan, captain ; Charles S. Downs, com- 
 mander ; W. B. Collins, Lieut, commander ; W. V. Booth, ensign. 
 
 The Pullman Athletic Association was incorporated in February, 
 1883, as a joint stock company, with a capital stock of $10,000. Its 
 buildings are located on Athletic Island, Pullman, on the shore of Lake 
 Calumet. In addition to a boat house there are two fine grand stands 
 commanding a running track and also the rowing course on the lake. 
 On the mainland there are cricket and base ball grounds, controlled by 
 the club. Athletic games are given under the auspices of the club 
 every spring and fall, and several notable regattas have been given by 
 it. In 1883 a notable event on the Pullman rowing course was a 
 regatta in which Edward Hanlan, John Teamen and all the other lead- 
 ing professionals of this county participated. The same year the 
 annual regatta of the Mississippi Valley Amateur Bowing Association 
 was held on the same course. The membership of the club includes 
 many living both in Chicago and Pullman. The president is Mr. E. W. 
 Henricks ; secretary, W. B. Harper ; treasurer, John Hopkins. 
 
 The Evanston Boat Club is composed of business men of Chicago, 
 who reside in Evanston. It was organized in 1880 and now has sixty- 
 five active and seventy-five honorary members. Its club house, located 
 at Evanston, Avas erected at a cost of about $6,000, and its boats and 
 other club property are valued at $4,000. The club house is one of 
 the best in this section. It contains club rooms, toilet and reception 
 rooms, and a spacious dancing hall. The club parties, readings and 
 other entertainments given by the club are among its leading features. 
 It belongs to the Mississippi Valley Amateur Bowing Association, but 
 has only taken part in one contest. H. M. Winnie is president ; F. K. 
 Stevens, treasurer; F. J. Kitchell, secretary; E. S. Sherman, captain. 
 
 The Catlin Boat Club was organized April 7, 1882, with seven 
 members. A boat house was immediately erected at Cedar Lake, Ind., 
 thirty-eight miles from Chicago, which was replaced in 1883 by a 
 larger and better structure. It is 28X44 feet, has two stories and is 
 provided with reading, sleeping and other rooms. The club now num- 
 bers fourteen members. It belongs to the Mississippi Valley Amateur 
 Bowing Association, but has only rowed in one race, and has not yet 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 151 
 
 won any prizes. The membership fee is $20, and. the annual dues $12. 
 Charles Catlin is president ; Kobert Meyers, treasurer ; Thomas P. Hal- 
 linan is secretary ; and Thomas W. Beading, captain. 
 
 The Delaware Boat Club was organized in October, 1880. Its club 
 house is located on the lake shore, near the North Side water works. 
 It is equipped with the usual club conveniences, and a creditable gym- 
 nasium. The first entry in the Mississippi Valley Amateur Rowing 
 Association regattas Avas in 1883, at Pullman, where the Delaware's four- 
 oared crew took fourth place. And in 1884, the club won the junior 
 and senior double scull races of the same association at Moline, 111. The 
 club has thirty-two active, associate and honorary members. 
 
 The Ogden Boat Club was the first boat club organized on the 
 North Side and dates its existence from 1881. It was chartered in 
 1883, and now has a membership of thirty, all young men of high 
 social and business standing. It is the strongest boat club in the 
 North Division. Its boat house at the foot of Superior Street is trans- 
 formed into a gymnasium during winter months. The rowing exercises 
 take place in the lake. S. H. Kerfoot, Jr., is president ; Edward Dick- 
 inson, secretary. 
 
 The Chicago Canoe Club is composed of about sixty prominent 
 business men who practice canoeing for exercise and pleasure. It was 
 organized Jan. 11, 1884. Short annual cruises are made by the club 
 or in smaller parties. The headquarters of this club are in rooms at 
 the Academy of Sciences, 263 Wabash Avenue. 
 
 Tippy Canoe Club is a private canoe club of eighteen members from 
 the Chicago Canoe Club. It was organized in 1884, and has a small 
 boat house at the foot of Thirty-fifth Street. 
 
 The Iroquois is a boat club of recent organization on the North 
 Side. 
 
 The Cumberland Gun Club is devoted to the preservation of game 
 and the enforcement of the game laws, and to hunting and fishing, and 
 kindred sports. It controls, by lease and purchase, seven and one-half 
 square miles of marsh land in Lake County, Ind. The club house, 
 known as " Cumberland Lodge," is six miles from Lowell, on the Louis- 
 ville, New Albany & Chicago Piailroad. A keeper is in charge of the 
 club house the year round. A gamekeeper and constable are also 
 employed during the shooting season. The membership is limited to 
 seventy-five, and the membership fee is $75. Semi-annual meetings 
 are held at the Sherman House, in January and July. John M. Smyth 
 is president ; Chas. K. Herrick, secretary, and John Heiland, treasurer. 
 
152 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The Tolleston Club was formed in 1871 by a number of gentlemen 
 of Chicago, who for years had resorted to the marshes of the Little 
 Calumet Kiver for duck and snipe shooting. It was incorporated under 
 the state law of Illinois, March 27, 1873. The tract of marsh land 
 owned by the club, comprising some 2,100 acres, lies in Lake County, 
 Ind. It is surrounded by a wire fence and is under guard of efficient 
 gamekeepers. The club house is located on the north bank of the 
 Calumet Kiver, nearly in the center of the extensive marshes. It is 
 provided with ample conveniences for sportsmen, and for the social 
 entertainment of the members of the club. The club property is valued 
 at $75,000. There are over 100 members. F. A. How is president; 
 Edward Starr, secretary ; aud C. D. Peacock, treasurer. 
 
 The Audubon Club was chartered Jan. 21, 1876, and has for its 
 objects the enforcement of the laws for the protection of game, the 
 education and advancement of its members in the art of ^ ing- shooting, 
 and the collection and preservation of ornithological specimens. It 
 has no special place for shooting, but generally meets in Kleinman's 
 Park, at Grand Crossing. The annual meeting of the club is held at 
 the Sherman House, the second Tuesday in January. There are thirty- 
 five active members. Charles Kern, 110 LaSalle Street, is president. 
 
 The Chicago Sharpshooters' Association has over 150 members, 
 nearly all Germans, and is the oldest German shooting club in the city. 
 It was incorporated Feb. 16, 1865, by act of the legislature which gave 
 it the powers of ordinary business corporations, and summary powers in 
 dealing with delinquent members. It is devoted to rifle target prac- 
 tice. The range, two hundred yards long, is in " Sharpshooters' Park," 
 an eighty acre tract of land owned by the association, and valued at 
 about $50,000, about two miles southeast of Washington Heights, on 
 which are a club house and hall. 
 
 The Mak-Saw-Ba Club took its name from one of the early Indian 
 chiefs of this region. It was organized and incorporated in 1878, and 
 is recognized as one of the leading organizations of the kind in this 
 locality. It owns over 3,000 acres of land situated in Starke and La 
 Porte Counties, Indiana, sixty-four miles from Chicago, especially 
 adapted to huuting and fishing, and kindred sports. Its spacious club 
 house was erected at a cost of $2,800, and its membership, including 
 many prominent men of the city, numbers seventy-five persons. The 
 rules adopted for the government of the club prohibit the sale of 
 intoxicating liquors on the grounds, and exclude gambling in any form. 
 No loaded gun is allowed in the club-house, and the firing of guns is 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 153 
 
 expressly prohibited on the Sabbath day. Semi-annual business meet- 
 ings are held at the Sherman House on the second Monday of Decem- 
 ber and June, respectively. George G. Newbury is president ; William 
 E. Chamberlin, treasurer ; and Charles D. Newbury, secretary. 
 
 The Fox Lake Shooting and Fishing Club was incorporated in June, 
 1879. Its membership is limited to seventy-five, and over fifty are 
 now enrolled. The club property is located on the west shore of Fox 
 Lake, McHenry County, 111. It consists of several acres of land having 
 
 Club House. 
 
 ample shore line, Avith broad, clean, pebbly beach. The entire grounds 
 are fenced in a substantial manner, and rise from the water's edge to 
 the height of eighty feet. There are swings and hammocks, and all 
 necessary provisions for croquet and tennis. The main club-house 
 stands on a terrace, commanding a beautiful view of the lake. The 
 building is a two-story frame, three sides having broad balconies, over- 
 grown with woodbine. On the crest of the hill in the rear, and shaded 
 by trees, is " Pullman Cottage," a bachelor retreat for the gentlemen of 
 the club. At the foot of the bluff is the boat house, the upper story of 
 which is devoted to billiards. The club owns several hunting and fish- 
 
154 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ing boats, two small sail boats, six row boats, and a large yacht, per- 
 fect in model, rigging and finish. The cost of the grounds and 
 improvements was $14,500. C. F. Hills is president, and Philo J. 
 Beveridge, secretary. J. M. Miller, 85 Washington Street, is manager. 
 
 The Diana Hunting Club owns 2,603 cc:es of land at Thayer, 
 Indiana, fifty-three miles from Chicago, on the line of the L. N. A. & 
 C. Eailway. Twenty acres of the land are under cultivation. The 
 club-house contains thirteen rooms and accommodations for forty-five 
 persons. The club was incorporated in December, 1881. F. Freu- 
 denberg is president ; J. A. Kreutzberg, 86 Oak Street, secretary; and 
 E. E. Eoehl, treasurer. 
 
 The South End Shooting Club, organized in 1873, and subsequently 
 incorporated, is confined to trap shooting. Four contests are held each 
 year at Watson's Park, Grand Crossing, for a medal, which becomes the 
 property of the member who wins it three times. George T. Farm.r, 
 130 LaSalle Street, is secretary. 
 
 The Sportsmen's Club of Chicago was organized nearly twelve years 
 ago, and has at present thirty members, the limit pro/ided by the con- 
 stitution. Its club house and grounds are at Water Valley, Indiana, on 
 the Kankakee Kiver, fifty-six miles from Chicago. C. A. Orvis is presi- 
 dent, and J. J. Flanders, secretary and treasurer. 
 
 The North Chicago Sharpshooters' Association, composed mostly 
 of Germans, was incorporated in August, 1879. It has a membership 
 of about 125, including many prominent persons. It owns a tract of 
 twenty -five acres of land in the southeast corner of the town of Jeffer- 
 son, on which is a fine range, 200 yards in length, and a large hall used 
 for club purposes. Matches are held every Sunday between April 15 
 and September 1. 
 
 The Lake View Fifle Club is now in the seventh year of its history, 
 having been organized in February, 1877. Its range is 200 j r ards in 
 length, and is said to be one of the finest in the west. The grounds, 
 which are known as the old Lake View House grounds, are nicely situ- 
 ated, and are well shaded by large forest tress. The club house is neat 
 and appropriate. Kegular shoots are held every Saturday during 
 seasonable weather, commencing at 2 p. m. There are thirty-five 
 active and fifteen honorary members. Seth F. Hanchett is president ; 
 Henry C. Bradley, secretary and treasurer ; John Macauley is captain. 
 
 The Chicago Shooting Club, the largest trap shooting club in the 
 city, was incorporated twelve years ago with but seven members. It 
 holds four shooting contests each year at Kleinman's Park, Grand 
 
MARQUIS HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 155 
 
 Crossing, a medal being awarded to the victor and becoming the indi- 
 vidual property of any member who may win it three times. The club 
 now has a membership of sixty-five. 
 
 The Southwest Chicago Sharpshooters' Association has a range at 
 the corner of Halsted and Fifty-second Streets, the grounds being 
 known as the Southwest Chicago Shooting Park. The park is open 
 every day for the pleasure of the members, and the association has 
 regular shooting practice every Sunday during seasonable weather. It 
 is composed wholly of Germans. It was incorporated March 6, 1877, 
 as the " Southwest Chicago Schuetzenverein." 
 
 Other Sportmen's Clubs include the English Lake Shooting and 
 Fishing Club ; Lake George Sportsmen's Association ; Vermillion Gun 
 Club and Geo. H. Thomas Kifle Club. 
 
 The Chicago Bowling Club was organized and incorporated in 
 1871. It now has a membership of fifteen persons. The club house 
 and bowling alley, located at 500 North Clark Street, are owned by the 
 club, and valued at $6,500. 
 
 The Chicago Curling Club was organized about twenty-five years 
 ago, for the purpose of keeping up an interest in the old Scotch game 
 of curling, which is played on ice during the winter months. The 
 lakes at Lincoln Park have been used for that purpose for years past, 
 but the club has recently purchased property on York Street, near 
 Ashland Avenue, at a cost of $20,000, for a club house and an artificial 
 pond. There are about 100 members, the majority being natives of 
 Scotland. 
 
 The Chicago Cricket Club usually plays its games in Lincoln Park 
 on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday of each week during the season, 
 which extends from May 15 to October 1. Its membership, numbering 
 150 persons, active and associate, includes many fine players, and the 
 club is generally recognized as the strongest in the west. It was 
 organized in 187G, since which time a greater local interest has been 
 manifested in the old English game than ever before. Its roll of hon- 
 orary members contains the names of such well-known persons as P. D. 
 Armour, Gen. P. F. Sheridan, Mayor Carter H. Harrison and others. 
 E. J. Ogden, M. D., is president ; R. P. Palmer. 150 LaSalle Street, 
 secretary; E. R. Ogden, M. L\, 1636 Michigan Avenue, treasurer. 
 
 The Other Cricket Clubs are all of recent organization. The Wan- 
 derers and the St. George's Clubs were each organized in 1883. Both 
 are strong clubs. The Wanderers has about fifty members. Its play- 
 grounds are at the corner of Thirty-seventh Street and Indiana Avenue. 
 
156 MARQUIS 9 HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 F. Eayfield is secretary. The St. George's Club plays at Lincoln Park 
 four days of each week. It has about seventy playing members. W. J. 
 Dowse, 154 Center Street, is secretary. The Albion Club plays at 
 Douglas Park. The Millard Avenue and the Kovers are new clubs on 
 the West Side. The Pullman Club, at Pullman, is a very strong club. 
 
 The Chicago Racquet Club is an association organized in 1880, 
 with the view of encouraging a taste for racquets and other similar 
 diversions tending to muscular development. The club is located at 
 185 Michigan Avenue, in the same building with the bicycle club. It 
 has a membership of about fifty. The initiation fee is $25, and the 
 annual dues $25. Samuel Johnson is president. 
 
 The Chicago Bicycle Club was organized in September, 1879. It 
 has sixty-five active members, and an associate membership consisting 
 of friends of the club who are not bicyclists. It uses the club house at 
 185 Michigan Avenue, jointly with the Racquet Club. The club house is 
 provided with a gymnasium, bowling alley, baths and an apartment for 
 bicycle practice. Rules of the club provide for five-miles contests every 
 thirty days, and annual contests for championship medals. A medal is 
 awarded for the greatest number of miles traveled by bicycle each year. 
 
 The Hermes Bicycle Club is composed of about twenty young men 
 of the South Side, under twenty-one years of age. 
 
 The Armory Bicycle Club has about twenty-five members, most of 
 them also members of Battery D, State Guards. Headquarters at Bat- 
 tery D Armory. 
 
 The Union Riding Club is a fashionable society of ladies and gen- 
 tlemen, and the only riding club in the city. It was organized and 
 incorporated in 1882. Its spacious and handsome club house, pro- 
 vided with all the requisites of a first-class riding club, is located at 
 529 North Clark Street. A proficient riding-master instructs the mem- 
 bers in the equestrian art. The membership numbers 130 persons, all 
 stockholders in the club. 
 
 The Chicago Base Ball Club was first organized in 1870, and was 
 a member of the National Association of Base Ball Clubs until that 
 organization disbanded in 1876. Since that time it has been a mem- 
 ber of the National League, and is now the only professional ball club 
 in the city. It won the championship in 1876, 1881 and 1882. The 
 year after the great fire it had no team in the field. A. G. Spalding is 
 president. 
 
 The Polo Clubs play polo on roller skates only. The Chicago Polo 
 Club is the oldest. It was organized in February, 1884, and incorpo- 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 157 
 
 rated the following May. Its members are patrons of the Casino Boiler 
 Skating Kink. The club has played against some of the best clubs in 
 the country, and has gained considerable reputation for proficiency. It 
 has nicely fitted up club rooms in the Casino Kink for the entertain- 
 ment of visitors and friends. The Princess Polo Club was organized in 
 June, 1884, from the best skaters of the Princess Rink. Its match 
 games have so far been confined to contests with the Chicago (Tub. 
 
 The Dania Society, Kinzie and Desplaines Streets, was organized 
 Nov. 23, 1862, as the " Society Dania," and reorganized and incorpo- 
 rated under its present name in August, 1865. It admits males only 
 to membership, and now has about 120 on its rolls. It gives substan- 
 tial aid to members when sick ; has a commodious hall and a comforta- 
 ble library and reading room, well supplied Avith Danish and American 
 publications. The reading room is open from 3 p. m. till midnight 
 every day for the accommodation of members. 
 
 The Chicago Medico-Historical Society meets at the rooms of the 
 Medical Press Association, No. 188 Clark Street, annually, on the last 
 Friday in April, and quarterly thereafter. It was organized in 1844. 
 It collects and publishes data having reference to the medical profes- 
 sion, and publishes annually a list of physicians in good standing. Dr. 
 P. S. Hayes, secretary and treasurer. 
 
 The Chicago Dental Society was organized in 1864. Its special 
 object is to promote dental science and to afford social opportunities to 
 its members. At a recent annual meeting Dr. G. V. Black was admitted 
 as the first honorary member. Dr. J. G. Keid is secretary. 
 
 The Chicago Academy of Homoeopathic Physicians and Surgeons 
 is the oldest homoeopathic society in the city. It Avas established in 
 1869, and its aim is the advancement and improvement of homoeop- 
 athy and the collateral branches of medical science. It has a member- 
 ship of fifty, and holds monthly meetings at the Grand Pacific Hotel. 
 C. E. Ehinger, secretary and treasurer. 
 
 The Chicago Eclectic Medical and Surgical Society was organized 
 in 1870. Mutual benefit in the promotion of professional interests, 
 the communication and development of useful and scientific knowl- 
 edge, and the cultivation of fraternal sentiment, are the special objects 
 of the society. Monthly meetings at the Grand Pacific Hotel. E. F. 
 Kush, M. D., is secretary. 
 
 The Chicago Medical Press Association is an incorporated joint 
 stock company. It provides a library and reading rooms, at 188 Clark 
 Street, with a valuable collection of medical and scientific books, peri- 
 
158 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 odicals, etc., for the use of the stockholders, who must be members of 
 the medical profession in good and regular standing. Dr. J. H. Ether- 
 edge is secretary, and Dr. J. N. Hyde, editor. 
 
 The Chicago Medical Society meets semi-monthly at the Grand 
 Pacific Hotel. Its chief object is mutual improvement in the discussion 
 of professional and scientific matters. It is the oldest general medical 
 society in the city. It has a membership of 250. L. H. Montgomery, 
 M. D., secretary. 
 
 The Women's Homoeopathic Medical Society meets at Boom 43, 
 Central Music Hall, on the second Wednesday of each month. It was 
 organized in 1879. Dr. Jennie E. Smith is secretary. 
 
 The Chicago Gynecological Society was organized in October, 1878, 
 and incorporated in 1880. Its object is the discussion and considera- 
 tion of all subjects legitimately connected with obstetrics, gynecology 
 and pediatrics. Its meetings are held monthly at the Grand Pacific 
 Hotel. E. W. Sawyer, M. D., is secretary and treasure \ 
 
 The Woman's Physiological Institute was organized in the summer 
 of 1880, and is an outgrowth of the Chicago Woman's Club. Its pur- 
 pose is to disseminate knowledge relating to the human system, partic- 
 ularly with reference to anatomy, physiology, hygiene, the training of 
 children, etc. Mrs. Helen Shedd, 3759 Vincennes Avenue, is president. 
 
 The Medical Science Club was organized by a number of young 
 physicians, July 10, 1883, to furnish able and energetic young physi- 
 cians an opportunity to exchange information in regard to their inves- 
 tigations and discoveries in their respective specialties. Its meetings 
 are held semi-monthly in Koom 38, Central Music Hall. F. E. Day is 
 secretary and treasurer. 
 
 The Clinical Society of Hahnemann Hospital holds monthly meet- 
 ings at the Grand Pacific Hotel. The membership numbers about 300, 
 composed of local physicians and the alumni of Hahnemann Medical 
 College and of colleges of the same school in various parts of the coun- 
 try. The proceedings of the society are published in the Clinique, a 
 monthly medical journal. Dr. A. K. Crawford is secretary. 
 
 Other Clubs and Societies, including art, musical and scientific 
 organizations, will be found in more appropriate chapters. The church 
 societies and literary clubs, all the temperance and secret societies, the 
 trade and labor unions, and organizations partaking more of a state or 
 national than a local character, and many minor local organizations, 
 have been omitted from this volume. 
 
<©he 'SBvrial KPIcicq*. 
 
 THE BURIAL PLACES OF EARLY CHICAGO, THE NEW CEME- 
 TERIES, AND THE TOMBS. 
 
 THE burials of early Chicago were generally made near the residences 
 of the friends of the deceased. The first dead of the fort were 
 buried on a quiet spot of ground near the river on the North Side, and 
 not far from the residence of Mr. Kinzie, the pioneer settler, and who, 
 upon his death in 1828, was interred in the same vicinity. Later, 
 those dying at the fort were buried along the sandy shore of the lake 
 on the south side of the river. The soldiers who died of cholera in 
 1832 were interred very near the present foot of Lake Street. And 
 the lake shore, from Lake Street southward for a distance of several 
 squares, seems to have become a general burying ground of the embryo 
 city. Many of the graves there were afterward washed out by the lashing- 
 waves of the lake. There was also a small burying ground on the West 
 Side, near the forks of the river. It is thought that but few interments 
 were made in it. In 1835, under the direction of the town authorities, 
 two cemeteries were laid out, one on the South Side and the other on 
 the North Side. The former was located on the lake shore, a short dis- 
 tance south of where Eighteenth Street now reaches the lake. The 
 latter lay on the lake shore just north of the Chicago Avenue of to-day, 
 and east of State Street. The North Side water works occupy a por- 
 tion of the grounds. The South Side cemetery seems to have been 
 more used at first, but few, if any, burials took place in it after 1837. 
 Interments were made in the North Side cemetery as late as 1841 or 
 1842. The venerable citizen, J. Young Scammon, had a child buried 
 there, and friends and relatives of other honored and well-known citi- 
 zens still living, rested for a time beneath its sod. The rapid growth 
 of the city, however, soon encompassed these cities of the dead, and 
 the sleeping inhabitants were removed to the cemetery which was 
 located on what is now the south end of Lincoln Park. But even here 
 the sacred precincts of the grave were invaded by the resistless march 
 of the city. Soon after the close of the late war the grounds of the 
 cemetery were condemned for park purposes, and most of the bodies 
 
160 
 
 MARQUIS 1 HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 were taken up and reburied in the newer cemeteries which had been 
 located miles out amid the country solitudes, " far from the maddening 
 crowd's ignoble strife." 
 
 Rosehill Cemetery, located some six and one-half miles north of the 
 City Hall, and about one and a half miles west of the lake, takes rank 
 with the Campo Santo of Pisa, or Mount Auburn, Laurel Hill and 
 Greenwood of this country. It is the largest of the cemeteries con- 
 nected with Chicago, and possesses a site on a rolling upland from 
 thirty to forty feet above the level of the lake. It encloses a space of 
 about 500 acres, nearly one-half of which is improved. Approaching 
 it from any direction, it stands out in alto relief from the level prairie, 
 showing in the summer a mass of beautiful green. The main entrance 
 to the grounds is through a stately and impressive castellated stone 
 structure which contains a chapel appropriately arranged for funeral 
 services. "Within the grounds the winding and spacious macadamized 
 walks and broad carriage drives are hard, smooth and noiseless. The 
 slender lakes are bordered with spaces devoted to lawns and exquisite 
 evolutions of landscape gardening. The lakes are filled with water 
 from an artesian well 2,279 feet deep. There are spacious greenhouses 
 and conservatories for propagating plants, shrubs and flowers for 
 funeral or grave decoration. The receiving vault, embedded in the 
 side of a large grassy mound, is very complete in all its arrangements. 
 One of the first memorials which attracts attention, upon entering the 
 cemetery, is an obelisk designating the family lot of the late P. F. W. 
 Peck, who was a well-known and wealthy citizen of Chicago. It is of a 
 dark-colored granite, plain, rich and massive. To the west is the beau- 
 tiful memorial shaft, with broken top, heavily veiled, erected to that 
 gallant soldier, Gen. Edward Greenfield Kansom, who died in the ser- 
 vice of his country. His memorial stone tells the story of his soldier's 
 career. On the pedestal is chiseled:— 
 
 Charleston, Mo. 
 
 Fort Donelson. 
 
 Shiloh. 
 
 Corinth. 
 
 Champion Hills, 
 
 Vicksburgh 
 
 Pleasant Hill, 
 
 Miss. 
 
 La. 
 
 The monument to Geo. S. Bangs, the originator of the fast mail service 
 
 
Views in Roseh.ll Cemetery, Look.ng East Toward 
 
 the Entrance. 
 
162 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 in this country, is one of the most unique and attractive in Eosehill. 
 It is a massive tree, in gray stone, with top and several branches broken 
 off ; near the base, in the opening of a tunnel, is seen the rear of a mail 
 car. A massive granite block, some three feet square, marks the 
 resting place of Gen. B. J. Sweet, who was commander of Camp Doug- 
 las during the civil war. It was " erected by his daughter, Ada." The 
 monument to Mrs. H. 0. Stone is very interesting. It represents a lady 
 reclining at full length on a couch and playing with her child. The 
 latter lies on one arm of the mother, whose other arm is thrown back 
 over her head. The figures are in the finest Italian marble, and are 
 masterpieces. The Masons, Odd Fellows, Good Templars, Firemen's 
 Benevolent Association, Typographical Union, St. Andrew's and St. 
 George's Societies, Batteries A and B, and Bridges' Battery are among 
 the benevolent and patriotic associations which are represented. The 
 soldiers' monument is one of the most imposing and characteristic me- 
 morials on the grounds. On the summit of the lofty shaft is a life-size 
 figure of a federal soldier, with full accoutrements ; and on the faces of 
 the shaft are bronze castings, each indicative of some phase of soldier 
 life. The Egleston and Stanbro lot is noticeable for its elegant mon- 
 umental piece, which consists of a square block of stone raised on a 
 heavy pedestal, and crowned with a life-size female figure, her eyes 
 fixed upon the sod and in her hand a wreath of immortelles. This 
 beautiful cemetery was dedicated in the presence of nearly 10,000 
 persons, the corner stone being laid by the Masonic orders with all the 
 impressive ceremonies peculiar to their organization. The stone, of 
 Athens marble, bears the legend : " This stone was laid July 28, A. D. 
 1859, A. L. 5859, by the Masonic Order. M. W. I. A. W. Buck, Grand 
 Master." On July 11, 1859, the first funeral cortege entered the cem- 
 etery, bearing the remains of Dr. J. W. Ludlam. Since that date over 
 20.000 interments have taken place. Eosehill Cemetery Company 
 was incorporated in 1859. The board of managers is composed of 
 prominent citizens. Frederick Turtle is president ; Hon. Van H. Hig- 
 gins, treasurer ; and Joseph Gow, secretary. The city office is at Koom 
 29, No. 159 LaSalle Street. 
 
 Calvary Cemetery, the principal Catholic burying ground, is situ- 
 ated about ten miles north of the City Hall on the lake shore. It was 
 laid out in November, 1 859, and down to the present time nearly 40,- 
 000 interments have taken place. Among the distinguished dead in 
 Calvary, Bishop Quartiers and Col. James A. Mulligan were perhaps the 
 most prominent. The remains of the former lie in the vault, it never 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 163 
 
 yet having been decided where to bury them. The citizens of the city 
 and state have just erected a befitting monument to the gallant soldier, 
 Col. Mulligan. Handsome memorials have recently been placed on the 
 family lots of M. and W. Devine, and of Chas. J. O'Neil, John D. Tully 
 and Philip H. Murphy. The graves of Mrs. John Hogan, P. W. Snow 
 and David Thornton are each surmounted by graceful monuments. 
 Kichard M. Hooley has erected a costly family mausoleum of a unique 
 southern design. The P. J. Sexton mausoleum is also rich and costly. 
 The monumental sarcophagus for J. A. Wolford and wife is the most 
 elaborate memorial of the kind in the cemetery. The majority of the 
 memorials, however, are of the plainer and simpler descriptions. The 
 cemetery contains 100 acres. 
 
 Graceland Cemetery lies north of the city, about two miles from Lin- 
 coln Park, between the lake on the east and Clark Street on the west. 
 It is about six miles from the City Hall, and is reached by a broad 
 drive along the lake shore through Lincoln Park and thence by North 
 Clark Street, or by horse cars on Clark or State Street. The Chicago & 
 Evanston Kailroad, in course of construction, when completed will 
 carry passengers direct to the cemetery entrance. This beautiful city 
 of the dead occupies 125 acres of land at a point where the shore of the 
 lake rises into an upland of swelling ridges, whose undulating surface 
 presents a varied and attractive site. It is laid out in broad and wind- 
 ing avenues which are so arranged as to develop all the stronger of the 
 landscape effects, which consist of sinuous lakes, clumps of woodland, 
 stretches of lawn and meadows, grassy depressions, parterres exquisite 
 in coloring, all harmoni us, appropriate, and in keeping with the 
 solemn purpose of the inclosure. Although a beautiful and picturesque 
 spot in its primitive state, with its wealth of native forest trees and 
 luxuriant foliage, vast sums of money have been expended in bringing 
 Graceland to its present perfection. The sewerage system insures the 
 thorough drainage of every part of the spacious grounds. The main 
 sewer, leading to Lake Michigan, was constructed at a cost of over 
 $10,000. The beautiful artificial gems of water— Lotus Pond, Willow - 
 mere and Hazelmere — are supplied from living springs, and by a system 
 of steam pumps water is carried through a net work of iron pipes to all 
 parts of the cemetery. During dry seasons the grassy lawns and flower 
 covered mounds are kept green and fresh by frequent and plentiful 
 sprinklings. The avenues and drives have been macadamized, and 
 expense and labor have not been spared to make Graceland one of the 
 most attractive burying grounds in the country. The new depot of the 
 
MARQUIS' BAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 165 
 
 Chicago & Evanston Kailway stands at the eastern entrance of the cem- 
 etery, and from its platform a fine view of the grounds is obtained. 
 The depot itself is an attractive feature. It is a compact, one-storied 
 frame building, with many suggestions of Swiss architecture in its 
 steep, overhanging roofs, and in the breezy openness of its columned 
 platform. It nestles in a dense grove of evergreens, which enclose it 
 on all sides save that fronting the cemetery. It not only furnishes 
 every convenience for passengers, in waiting and other rooms, but is 
 sufficiently capacious to supply the cemetery company with required 
 office accommodations. The road, when opened to traffic, will prove 
 of the greatest value in furnishing a much-needed transportation on 
 the line of its extension. The entrance to the grounds, at the junction 
 of North Clark Street and Graceland Avenue, shown in the illustration 
 on page 164, is a graceful piece of architecture of rough -finished gray 
 stone. 
 
 One peculiarity of Graceland is that it everywhere presents sug- 
 gestive features, which, while not inharmonious with the purpose of a 
 necropolis, are cheerful, quieting and restful. They mitigate the som- 
 bre atmosphere which envelops always the resting place of the dead. 
 Standing anywhere on the banks of the miniature lakes, there are seen 
 in every direction landscapes of varied outlines, vegetation reflected in 
 the peaceful mirror of the waters, all of which might be mistaken for 
 the interior of an ornate park, were it not that here and there the glint 
 of a marble column is caught. In fact, the whole has a park-like 
 appearance ; and in this direction there is developed a beautiful effort 
 to relieve to the utmost possible extent the extra solemnity which usu- 
 ally broods over places of sepulture. The glories of spring, and the 
 rich fruition of summer are full of suggestions to the mourner who 
 wanders through the shaded aisles, of a possible spring and summer 
 which have no autumn nor winter. Here, too, may be seen what loving 
 hands can do to surround the homes of the dead with expressive trib- 
 utes of regretful remembrance by which even the grievous pangs of 
 separation are ameliorated, the memories of dear ones tenderly pre- 
 served, and much of the gloom of the grave dissipated. Many of the 
 historic names of Chicago are to be found on the tombs of Graceland, 
 and in the long list of lot owners. The remains of John Kinzie, the 
 pioneer citizen of Chicago, find a resting place here, after several dis- 
 interments and removals from one place to another. Col. John H. 
 Kinzie was buried here in 1805. John H. Kinzie, Jr., who was killed 
 at the taking of Fort Charles, White Kiver, June 18, 18G2, sleeps at 
 
166 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 his father's side, and other members of this noted family occupy adja- 
 cent graves. No stately monument marks their last earthly home ; but 
 unpretentious headstones silently proclaim that they have long since 
 ended the journey of life. Many members of the well-known Ogden 
 family are buried in Graceland ; and Judge George Manierre, Justin 
 Butterfield, H. H. Magie, Walter Newberry, Alexander Fullerton, N. B. 
 Judd, W. F. Coolbaugh, Dr. Daniel Brainard and E. G. Hall, all of whom 
 were honored and revered citizens, lie beneath its hallowed sod. The 
 remains of John Calhoun, the founder of the first newspaper in Chi- 
 cago, rest here in peaceful silence. Near to the main entrance stands 
 the monument to the late Eli B. Williams, a wealthy and respected 
 citizen, who died in Paris, France, but whose remains came back to 
 sleep in the city of his adoption. The monument is a lofty shaft of 
 granite, surmounted by an emblematic figure indicative of the 
 faith of the living, and the future of the dead. To the right is the lot 
 of the Armour family, in which rests George Armour, a well-known 
 merchant. A plain, granite column with an urnal top marks the spot, 
 characterizing it with elegant simplicity. 
 
 Strolling on the visitor encounters other graves, often of well-known 
 citizens, as those of Mr. and Mrs. Wesley Munger. A sightly shaft, 
 impressive in dimensions and outlines, forty-three feet in height, is, in 
 its severe plainness and simplicity, characteristic of the men 
 whose memory it perpetuates. It is the monument of the Sherman 
 family, whose head, Francis Cornwall Sherman, now resting within the 
 shadow of this stern shaft, was the founder of the hotel bearing his 
 name, and was thrice mayor of Chicago. A Corinthian column with 
 fluted shaft, its entablature serving as the pedestal of a female figure 
 bearing a cross and book, marks the last home of Azariah K. Palmer, late 
 of the firm of Palmer, Fuller & Co. It is a handsome work in itself, and its 
 effect is increased by the environment. A square shaft, some twenty- 
 five feet in height, and bearing on its top a female figure — one of the 
 most attractive works in Graceland— is reared over the grave of E. JEL 
 Haddock, one of Chicago's wealthy citizens. The Allan Pinkerton lot 
 contains the newly-sodded grave of America's famous detective, and a 
 plain headstone which marks the grave of Timothy Webster, one of 
 Pinkerton's men, an Englishman, who was hanged as a spy by the Con- 
 federates, in Kichmond, Va. One of the most conspicuous monuments 
 in Graceland is a granite obelisk, some forty feet in height, without 
 decoration of any kind, which marks the resting-place of Washington 
 Smith, once a wealthy business man of Chicago. 
 
168 MARQUIS' BAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The massive memorial shaft of the "Peabody of Chicago," Jona'han 
 Burr, is of Quincy granite. It is not as imposing as many others ; but 
 Burr does not need granite or marble to perpetuate his memory. There 
 is scarcely an educational or charitable institution in Chicago which 
 does not possess a monument of him, in the nature of generous endow- 
 ments more lasting than granite. In an open space, on a low mound of 
 green, lises a tall granite column finished with a pointed, ornamental 
 cap, at whose base rests Eli Bates, the philanthropist. The situation is 
 a charming one, although there is a hint of isolation which is not in 
 harmony with a life which was largely composed of close intimacy with 
 humanity. 
 
 On the smooth, velvety lawn, is the mausoleum of H. H. Taylor, 
 formerly one of Chicago's leading citizens. It is a superb piece of 
 mortuary architecture. The walls are of rough -finished stone. It is 
 shown in an illustration on page 167. Five persons are now enclosed 
 within its solid walls, or rather in the catacombs to which it leads. 
 The Medill family lot contains the graves of W. H. Medill, of the Eighth 
 Illinois Cavalry, who died of wounds received in battle ; of James C. 
 Medill and of Samuel J. Medill, late managing editor of The Chicago 
 Tribune. A plain but impressive monument rises above the spot. 
 
 Perhaps the most elaborate and costly monuments in Graceland are 
 those on the family lots of J. V. Far well and William M. Hoyt. The 
 former is of Scotch granite, capped with an urn, and from its massive 
 dimensions is the most conspicuous memorial on the grounds. The 
 Hoyt monument consists of a heavy granite base, supporting three fig- 
 ures, emblematic of Faith, Hope and Charity. 
 
 The lot of W. A. Fuller has a massive block of polished granite which 
 serves as the pedestal for a female figure wrapped in a classical robe, 
 standing with bowed head, the left arm resting gracefully on the right 
 and the right hand holding stalks of wheat. The monument on the lot 
 of T. M. Avery, one of Chicago's oldest citizens, has a massive pedestal 
 from which rises a circular shaft, with an Egyptian capital. On this 
 capital stands a female figure holding in her hands a trumpet, and gaz- 
 ing far into the distance as if waiting for the dawn of the moment that 
 will permit her to signal the resurrection. The lot of William Blair 
 contains a chaste monument in the form of a tomb. It is massive, solid, 
 with decorated frieze and pediments, and panels ample for the mortu- 
 ary records of the future. That of G. T. Abbey, a granite column 
 surmounted by a figure of " Glory." That of Samuel Allerton is shown 
 in the accompanying illustra + ion ; the two female figures represent 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 16D 
 
 Grief and Consolation. That of one of Chicago's oldest and most 
 respected citizens, Philo Carpenter, is de ignated by a plain column of 
 Italian marble. 
 
 Among other lot owners, the names of many prominent people are 
 found, and many of the lots are ornamented with beautiful memorials. 
 Some of the most prominent of these are Seth Wadhams, Mayor Har- 
 rison, Judge Drummond, N. K. Fairbank, Wirt Dexter, Joseph Medill, 
 Keith Bros., Jerome Beecher and S. B. Cobb, L. J. McCormick, Albert 
 Keep, T. W. Harvey, John De Koven, Henry W. King, Lorenz Bren- 
 tano, Volney C. Turner, Daniel A. Jones, Edwin H. Sheldon, the heirs of 
 the late Cyrus H. McCormick, Elisha Eldred, D. O. Shipman, S. D. Sur- 
 dam, Chas. "W. Sanford, 0. W. Potter, Hiram Wheeler, Frank Parmalee, 
 A. F. Otto, Dr. Byford, J. H. Dunham, R. W. Roloson and H. H. Magie. 
 The oldest monument in the cemetery is that of Daniel Thompson. 
 It is a dark granite pentagonal shaft. 
 
 Graceland was founded in 1861 by Thomas B. Bryan, and contained 
 at first only eighty acres. The first interment took place on the 13th 
 day of April, 1860, since which time about 40,000 persons have been 
 buried there, the number exceeding that of any other cemetery in Amer- 
 ica except Greenwood, near New York City. Graceland is controlled 
 by Graceland Cemetery Company, of which Bryan Lathrop is president. 
 
 By provision of the charter, ten per cent of the gross receipts from 
 the sale of lots is set apart to form " The Graceland Cemetery Improve- 
 ment Fund," which is safely invested, and will draw compound interest 
 until such time as the interest on the fund becomes available under the 
 terms of the charter. This fund insures the perpetual maintenance and 
 preservation of the cemetery. It is held and managed by the following 
 Board of Trustees, who are themselves lot owners, and are among the 
 ablest and most responsible men of Chicago, viz.: William Blair, J. W. 
 McGennis, Daniel Thompson, Marcus C. Stearns, E. W. Blatchford, 
 Hiram Wheeler, George C. Walker, Jerome Beecher, Edwin H. Sheldon, 
 A. J. Averill, John De Koven and Henry W. King. 
 
 The city office of the cemetery is at 115 Monroe Street, Montauk 
 Block. 
 
 Oak Woods Cemetery is located on the east side of Cottage Grove 
 Avenue, at Sixty-seventh Street, three and one-half miles south of the 
 city limits. The plan of the cemetery was modeled after the famous 
 Spring Grove Cemetery, at Cincinnati, and the grounds were laid out 
 under the personal direction of Adolph Strauch, superintendent of that 
 beautiful home of the dead. The design is on the lawn system, and 
 
170 MARQTJI& HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 the grounds are divided into sections, each with mounds of various 
 forms and sizes, and here and there are scattered shade trees and clus- 
 ters of shrubbery. A superintendent's house, a chapel, four green- 
 houses and an ample receiving vault, have been provided. Three beau- 
 tiful artificial lakes, each from three to four acres in extent, have been 
 completed, and a fourth is nearly finished. Oak Woods contains the 
 graves of some of Chicago's oldest settlers, and of many prominent 
 citizens. The unmarked grave of Jas. H. Woodworth, twice mayor of 
 Chicago, and member of Congress, is found in a secluded spot. One of 
 the most conspicuous monuments in the grounds is that rising above the 
 grave of William Jones, an old settler and wealthy citizen. Other well- 
 known names are those of Dr. C. E. Dyer and Charles Hitchcock. The 
 latter was an eminent lawyer, and president of the last constitutional 
 convention of Illinois. A plain granite monument marks the grave of 
 Col. W. J. Foster, the geologist, and author of various works on the pre- 
 historic races of America. The monument recently erected to the wife 
 of Hon. Van H. Higgins is perhaps the most striking memorial in Oak 
 Woods. A heroic figure of a soldier on guard, in pure white marble, 
 looks down upon the graves of some sixty soldiers who were inmates of 
 the old Soldiers' Home, and who died in that institution. At each of 
 the four corners of the lot is a large cannon, placed there under the 
 direction of Eobert T. Lincoln, secretary of war. In the southern por- 
 tion of the cemetery are buried over 6,000 Confederate dead, who died 
 prisoners at Camp Douglas. An occasional unpretentious headstone is 
 the only record of the men who sleep beneath. The first interment in 
 Oak Woods was made in 1864. The entire number of burials at the 
 present time is nearly 17,000. The city office of the cemetery is at 
 Koom 22 Union National Bank Building. Marcus A. Farwell is presi- 
 dent of the Association. 
 
 Mount Greenwood is one of the newest burying places, having been 
 laid out as late as 1879. It is about eight miles south of the city limits 
 and contains eighty acres. The land has a sandy, undulating surface 
 and is dotted here and there with ancient forest trees. A heavy rustic 
 fence completes the enclosure, and rustic seats have been placed at 
 convenient points throughout the grounds. A large vault — said to be 
 the largest in the state — has been constructed. But few burials have 
 yet been made in Mount Greenwood, the number being about 550. 
 The first interment was made April 28, 1880. The Association was 
 incorporated July 26, 1879. 
 
 Concordia Cemetery, nine miles west of the city, and two miles 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 171 
 
 west of Oak Park, contains about fifty-eight acres. It was laid out in 
 1871 and is the burial place of seven Evangelical Lutheran churches. 
 Concordia is practically the successor of the Wunder, or German 
 Evangelical Lutheran Cemetery, just east of Graceland. About 10,000 
 interments have taken place in Concordia. 
 
 The German Evangelical Lutheran Cemetery is popularly called 
 Wunder Cemetery, in honor of the well-known German divine, Rev. 
 Henry Wunder. It was laid out in 1860, and contained only four and 
 one-half acres. In 1866 it was increased to fourteen and one-half 
 acres. But few burials are made in it now, all the lots having been 
 taken twelve years ago. 
 
 Waldheim Cemetery contains eighty acres. It was laid out in 1873 
 and the first interment took place July 16, 1874. Nearly 7,000 burials 
 have since been made, principally Germans. The grounds are well 
 improved. The receiving vault has capacity for 500. There is also a 
 chapel and a local office. The city office of the association is at 78 
 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Forest Home Cemetery was laid out in 1877. It contains eighty 
 acres. The site is a portion of the old Haase farm. It is about four 
 and one -half miles from the city limits, on the Desplaines River. 
 About 1,000 interments have been made. 
 
 St. Boniface Cemetery is the burying ground of the German Cath- 
 olics. It is situated on Green Bay road, three miles north of the city 
 limits. 
 
 The Jewish Cemeteries of the city are generally burying places owned 
 by the respective Jewish congregations, although some congregations 
 lay their dead to rest in sections of the general burying grounds. The 
 Kehilath Anshey Maarab Congregation Cemetery is situated about five 
 miles north of the city, on the Green Bay road, and near Graceland. 
 This congregation formerly had a burying ground in what is now 
 a portion of Lincoln Park, but the bodies were disinterred and removed 
 when the property was taken for park purposes. The general appear- 
 ance of this cemetery is similar to that of Graceland. There are but 
 few striking monuments, one of the most conspicuous being that 
 erected by the Greenbaum Brothers over the graves of their parents. 
 In the same locality are the cemeteries of the Hebrew Benevolent Soci- 
 ety, established in 1855 ; the Chebrah Gemiluth Chasadim (association 
 for charitable work) ; the Chebra Kadisha Ubikur Cholim. B'nai Sholom, 
 all small in dimensions, containing but one acre each. The monuments 
 and gravestones are generally plain and simple in design and execu- 
 
172 MARQTJIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 tion, though there are a few exceptions. The grounds overlook the 
 lake and are covered with a fine second growth of timber, and are gen- 
 erally of a level character. Sinai and Zion congregations have a united 
 body of lots in the center of the western portion of Kosehill. The monu- 
 ments are generally tasteful in appearance, but still of a plain character. 
 That over the grave of Mrs. S. Hyman, in the Sinai division, is perhaps 
 the most elaborate of all. The cemeteries of the Beth Hemidrash Ha- 
 gadol congregation (Kussian), the North Side Hebrew congregation and 
 B'nai Abraham congregation are at Waldheim, ten miles Avest from the 
 city, near Forest Home and Waldheim cemeteries (general burying 
 grounds). The cemetery of the society of the Free Sons of Israel and 
 that of the congregation of Ohabey Emunah are also in this locality. 
 They occupy portions of the old Haase farm, formerly the property of 
 Frederick Haase, and are favorably situated and well improved. 
 
"©he '/tHefigiou* < %x\$iiiuiiorx&. 
 
 THE CHURCHES AND THEIR PASTORS, AND THE OTHER 
 RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 FATHER Jacques Marquette, a Catholic priest, was among the first 
 white men known to have visited this locality ; and the next was 
 Rev. Claude Allouez, in March, 1676, more than two centuries ago. 
 The next visit was made in 1699 by Revs. Pinet and Bineteau, one 
 of whom, at least, resided here for some time. Then there is an inter- 
 val of nearly a century, when the religious history of Chicago is 
 resumed. Rev. Stephen Badin, said to be the first Catholic priest 
 ordained in the United States, visited this point in 1796, and returned 
 in 1822, when he baptized Alexander Beaubien, which was the first 
 occurrence of the kind in the place. In 1825 the first Protestant min- 
 ister made his appearance in the person of Rev. Isaac McCoy, a Bap- 
 tist, who preached to the Indians the first sermon ever preached in 
 Chicago, so far as can be learned from history or tradition. The first 
 Sunday school in Chicago was organized in 1832, in which the venera- 
 ble Philo Carpenter, who is still living, was an active participant. At 
 the first quarterly meeting in 1833, Henry Whitehead was licensed to 
 preach, and he is believed to be the first Chicago licentiate. During 
 the development of the trading post into a great metropolis, the build- 
 ing of churches has generally led in the march of improvement. 
 After the great fire which annih'lated so many edifices devoted to 
 church purposes, they rose again with magic celerity, and most of them 
 came up in a splendor and strength unknown before. 
 
 The First Baptist Church is the parent of a number other churches 
 of that denomination in the city, which were founded by colonies sent 
 out from the congregation of the First Church, and have, in many 
 instances, outgrown it in membership. The building now occupied is 
 a fine stone edifice at the corner of South Park Avenue and Thirty -first 
 Street, and was erected in 1876 at a cost of $80,000. The history of 
 the church is remarkable for its vicissitudes. It was organized by Rev. 
 Allen B. Freeman, Oct. 19, 1833, with nineteen members, and services 
 were for some years conducted in what was termed " Temple Church," 
 
174 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 used by all the early denominations. The financial troubles of 1 8 37 pre- 
 vented the construction of another building, and a workshop was 
 transformed into- a house of worship for the congregation. In 1844 a 
 brick building, with basement, Ionic portico of six columns, and spire 
 112 feet high, was erected at the corner of Washington and LaSalle 
 Streets. This was destroyed by fire in October, 1852, and a new 
 
 building was 
 erected on its 
 site the succeed- 
 ing year at a cost 
 of $30,000. In 
 1864 the ground 
 was sold to the 
 Chamber of Com- 
 merce association 
 for $65,000, of 
 which $15,000 
 was given to other 
 Baptist churches 
 in the city, and 
 the house to Tab- 
 ernacle Church, 
 and a command- 
 ing edifice was 
 built, at a cost of 
 $175,000, on 
 Wabash Avenue 
 near Hubbard 
 Court. After the 
 great fire the 
 lecture room was 
 used for relief 
 
 purposes, over 12,000 meals being given in it. But it escaped 
 the great conflagration only to fall by the lesser one of 1874, 
 after which the present building was erected. Among the noted men 
 who have held its pulpit are Rev. J. C. Burroughs, D. D., Rev. William 
 Everts, D. D.,and Rev. Geo. C. Lorimer, D. D. The time of its greatest 
 strength was in the administration of Dr. Everts, when it had over 
 2,000 members. The present membership is 850, with 750 pupils 
 enrolled in the Sunday school. Nearly 6,000 persons have been 
 
 The First Baptist Church. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 175 
 
 received into membership since the organization, about one-third of 
 them by baptism. The pastor is Rev. P. S. Henson, D. D. 
 
 The Second Baptist Church, corner of Monroe and Morgan Streets, 
 ranks among the very largest in point of membership and seating 
 capacity, and is probably the largest Baptist church in the country. 
 The building is a plain, sombre-looking, but very commodious and du- 
 rable brick edifice, 60 by 110 feet, with needle tower and a bell. The 
 auditorium is encircled by a gallery, and altogether will hold 1,800 
 people. The walls and ceiling are handsomely frescoed. The large 
 lecture room in the lower story will seat 600, and the small one 150. 
 The class rooms, culinary department, etc., are also in this story. The 
 membership numbers 1,200, and there are 1,250 pupils in the home and 
 mission Sunday schools. The church was organized Aug. 14, 1843, as 
 the Tabernacle Baptist Church, by members of the First Baptist Church, 
 who separated from that congregation on the slavery question. They 
 subsequently undertook a movement against secret societies, and 
 expelled one of their members for being connected with the Odd Fel- 
 lows. In 1864 the First Church, in disposing of its property at LaSalle 
 and Washington Streets, retained the lot, which it sold to the Chamber 
 of Commerce, and allotted the building to those of its members living 
 on the West Side who joined the Tabernacle and formed the Second 
 Church, and the building was removed to its present site. Under 
 the able ministry of the present pastor, Rev. Wm. M. Lawrence, D. D., 
 the church has prospered and largely increased its membership. 
 
 Immanuel Baptist Church, Michigan Avenue near Twenty-third 
 Street, is one of Ihe prominent churches of Chicago. The building is 
 perhaps the finest belonging to that denomination. The walls are of 
 Illinois limestone and ornamented Avith Ohio freestone, the architect- 
 ure being in the fifteenth century Gothic style. The tower ends in a 
 spire 216 feet high. The interior is artistically finished and richly fur- 
 nished, some novelties being introduced among the accommodations 
 usually found in a church auditorium. The pulpit and platform arc 
 remarkably unique in design. A Gothic arch above the platform, sur- 
 mounted by a cross, is forty feet high. The emerald green curtain of 
 silk chenille, which hangs in the arch, was woven to order in Glasgow, 
 Scotland. The curtains hanging from the canopy over the plat- 
 form surround the baptistery, and are drawn aside during baptism. 
 The pews, arranged in semi-circle form, are of butternut and poplar, 
 with black walnut ornaments and finish. The gallery, encircling 
 the room, slopes down to the pulpit platform on cither side. The 
 
178 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 vault of the ceiling is colored in blues, and the whole room is 
 treated ecclesiastically in the Gothic style, copied in part from 
 one of the chapels of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. The seating 
 capacity is about 1,800. There are anterooms, lecture rooms, Sunday 
 school rooms and all other appointments requisite to a modern church 
 structure. Immanuel Church proper, was organized May 10, 1881. 
 It is the outgrowth of Edina Place Church, founded in 1856, afterward 
 removed to th^ corner of Wabash Avenue and Eighteenth Street, the 
 name changing to Wabash Avenue Church. In 1868 or '69 Wabash 
 Avenue Church was removed to Michigan Avenue, the site now occupied 
 by Immanuel Church, and took the name of Michigan Avenue Church. 
 The building having been destroyed by tire in February, 1881, the 
 congregation, with about 150 members from the First Baptist Church, 
 organized Immanuel Church, and rebuilt the present church edifice at 
 a cost of $70,000. Rev. Geo. C. Lorimer, D. D., of the First Church, 
 who had been active in the movement, was called to the pastorate. 
 Prior to this the names of Revs. Robert Boyd, E. G. Taylor, D. D., Sam- 
 uel Baker, D. D., Jesse B. Thomas, D. D., F. M. Ellis and J. W. Curtis, 
 D. D., appeared on the list of pastors. Immanuel Church was dedicated 
 on Christmas Bay, 1881. It is located in the midst of an attractive 
 residence section, noted for its wealth and refinement. The member- 
 ship now numbers over 600 with about 500 children in the Sunday 
 school. Br, Lorimer remains in charge. He ranks among the most 
 noted orthodox ministers of the country. 
 
 The Central Baptist Church was organized June 23, 1873, and 
 reorganized Oct. 10, 1877, to receive some members and property of 
 the North Church, when it assumed the name " Central." Services have 
 been mainly conducted in the chapel, No. 290 Orchard Street, but a 
 new building is in course of erection on Belden Avenue, on a lot 75 by 
 125 feet. This building, which is shown in the accompanying illustra- 
 tion, will cost about $40,000. The church has a membership of 225 ; 
 has 330 children in its Sunday school, and 200 in an industrial school. 
 Rev. C. H. BeWolf was the first pastor. Rev. E. 0. Taylor, the present 
 pastor, has occupied the pulpit since July 19, 1877. 
 
 The Fourth Baptist Church, corner of Washington Boulevard and 
 Paulina Street, is the outgrowth of a mission Sunday school on West 
 Lake Street, near Bryan Place, and was originally called Union Park 
 Church. The building is a plain frame with an unfinished spire. The 
 main auditorium is neatly but plainly furnished, and there is a commo- 
 dious lecture room in the basement. The membership is 450, with 450 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Ill 
 
 12 
 
 Central Baptist Church. 
 
178 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 pupils in its Sunday school, and 250 pupils in Trinity Mission Sunday 
 school at Indiana and Lincoln Streets. Centennial and Western Avenue 
 churches are offshoots of this congregation. During the pastorate of Kev. 
 Florence McCarthy, from 1860 to 1863, a schism occurred, a number of 
 members withdrawing and forming a separate church. The breach was 
 measurably healed, however, and the congregations were united July 
 8, 1874, under the present name. The pastor, Eev. J. Spencer Ken- 
 nard, D. D., an able and popular divine, took charge Jan. 1, 1882. 
 
 Centennial Baptist Church, corner of Jackson and Lincoln Streets, 
 is the aggregation of several detached Baptist elements on the West 
 Side. The building was erected by seceders from Union Park Church, 
 who organized under the name of Ashland Avenue Church. When the 
 breach was healed, a few who remained with the Ashland Avenue Church, 
 were joined by some unaffiliated Baptists on the West Side, a new 
 organization was effected, and the present name adopted. The edifice 
 is a plain brick structure, Gothic in style, the main building 42X85 
 feet, with a rear extension 26x50 feet for lecture and infant class 
 rooms. The interior is neatly frescoed, and will seat 500 people. The 
 pastors have been Revs. N. E. Wood, C. E. Hewitt, D. D., and A. H. 
 Parker. Mr. Parker still occupies the pulpit. 
 
 The Central Church of Christ (Christian;, corner of Indiana Avenue 
 and Twenty-fifth Street, was formed by consolidation of the First and 
 South Side Christian Churches, in August, 1882. The united congre- 
 gations worshiped for a time in a building at the corner of Prairie 
 Avenue and Thirtieth Street, removing to the present location Jan. 1, 
 1883. The building is a frame, with stained glass windows, and has 
 seating capacity for 500 persons. The membership, largest of the 
 denomination in the city, is 160. The Sunday school has an enroll- 
 ment of about 300 pupils. Rev. Henry Schell Lobingier is pastor. 
 
 St. James' Church (Episcopal), at the corner of Cass and Huron 
 Streets, is the oldest church of its denomination in Chicago. The 
 building, which was erected in 1873, is a splendid structure. The width 
 of transept, north and south, is 109 feet, and the depth of the nave 
 173 feet. In the vestibule is a beautiful monument to the memory of 
 those of the parish who died in the war. There are some handsome 
 windows and mural brasses, and in the tower is a fine chime of bells, 
 the gift of the Carter family. The number of communicants is about 
 700. In the Sunday school there are between three and four hundred 
 pupils, and the Bible class for young men numbers more than one hun- 
 dred. The first service in the history of the congregation was held 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 179 
 
 Oct. 10, 1834, by Rev. Palmer Dyer, when the nucleus of a parish 
 organization was formed by W. H. Egan, Dr. Philip Maxwell, Gordon S. 
 Hubbard, John S. Kinzie and others. This service was held in the 
 Presbyterian church at the invitation of the pastor, Eev. Jeremiah 
 Porter. The organization as St. James' Church was effected in 1835, 
 Eev. Isaac W. Hallam being the rector. Tippecanoe Hall, at the corner 
 of Kinzie and Wolcott (now State) Streets, was occupied for a time but 
 a building was 
 
 erected at the cor- /g| j 
 
 ner of Clark and 
 Illinois Streets 
 on two lots do- 
 nated by Mr. Kin- 
 zie, and was occu- 
 pied March 26, 
 1837, and form- 
 ally dedicated by 
 Bishop Philander 
 Cha?e, June 25, 
 1837. It was the 
 first brick church 
 edifice in Chica- 
 go, and in the 
 belfry was placed 
 the first church 
 bell brought to 
 Chicago, and 
 which had been 
 first rung here on 
 Christmas morn- 
 ing, 1836. Twenty years later, in 1857, the parish built a 
 handsome stone edifice at Cass and Huron Streets, at a cost, 
 exclusive of ground and tower, of over $80,000. A rectory was erected 
 at the same time. Subsequent enlargements and improvements brought 
 the cost to nearly $200,000 at the time of the fire of 1871, when the 
 whole was destroyed, only the monument above mentioned being saved. 
 The vestibule, however, was sufficiently restored to be used as a chapel 
 until the erection of the present edifice was commenced. Many dis- 
 tinguished divines have held the pulpit of St, James. Eev. Eobert 
 Clarkson had been rector for seventeen years, when he was called to the 
 
 St. James' Episcopal Church. 
 
180 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 bishopric of Nebraska. Kev. J. H. Kyland, D. D., was rector for fonr 
 years, during which the noble vestibule, tower and chapel were com- 
 pleted in time to feed the conflagration. Eev. H. M. Thompson, now 
 Assistant Bishop of Mississippi, was rector at the time of that calamity. 
 Eev. Arthur Brooks succeeded, and was followed by Eev. Dr. Harris, 
 now Bishop of Michigan. The present rector, Eev. Wm. H. Vibbert, 
 D. D., succeeded Eev. Dr. Courteney, in January, 1883. Under his rec- 
 torship the debt of $35,000 which rested on the parish was paid in 
 April of that year, and the church was consecrated May 31 of the same 
 year. A surpliced choir was introduced May 4, 1884, and the parish 
 seems to have entered upon a new era of prosperity. 
 
 Trinity Church (Episcopal) grew out of the desire of a number of 
 members of St. James' parish to have a church located on the south 
 side of the river. The entire territory of the south division of the city 
 was allotted to the new parish, and the church was organized Aug. 1, 
 1843. It occupied a fine stone edifice in 1871, and lost it in the great 
 fire. Nov 22, 1874, the present handsome stone structure at the cor- 
 ner of Michigan Avenue and Twenty-sixth Street was occupied. It is 
 Gothic in style, and has seating capacity for over 1,000 persons. 
 The church has a membership of 457, and the Sunday school an enroll- 
 ment of more than 800, with an average attendance of over 600. The 
 names of the late Bishop Whitehouse and Eev. E. A. Holland, S. T. D., 
 appear in the list of rectors. The parish contributes about $20,000 
 annually to missions and charities. Among the organized agencies are 
 St. Luke's Hospital Society and Trinity Guild. The present rector, 
 Eev. L. S. Osborne, took charge Jan. 1, 1884. 
 
 The Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul, corner of Peoria Street 
 and Washington Boulevard, is the cathedral church of the Episcopal 
 see of Illinois. It was organized March 18, 1850, as the Church of the 
 Atonement, with nineteen members. The first meetings were held in 
 Temperance Hall, at the corner of Eandolph and Canal Streets, but in 
 1851 the present location was secured. Eev. Dudley Chase, son of the 
 late Et. Eev. Philander Chase, first bishop of the diocese of Hlinois, 
 was the first rector. On his resignation, in 1857, the property passed 
 into the hands of Et. Eev. Henry J. Whitehouse, successor of Bishop 
 Chase in the see of Illinois, and by him the building was enlarged and 
 beautified, and at first was known as the "Bishop's Church." He 
 inaugurated the modified cathedral system of the American church, 
 which now numbers some fifteen cathedrals, this church being, in 
 1867, formally designated a cathedral, and so recognized by the dio- 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 181 
 
 cesan convention. The Bishop appointed and gazetted Eevs. J. H. 
 Knowles, C. P. Dorset and Geo. C. Street, as canons. The building, 
 having been freed from debt, was solemnly consecrated Dec. 10, 1879. 
 It is a very unique stone structure in the extreme Gothic style, and is espe- 
 cially attractive in the interior, having a beautiful altar of pure white 
 marble and a handsome reredos. There is also a commodious brick 
 building in the rear, intended for a " clergy house" and other purposes 
 connected with the cathedral work. Canon Knowles, who faithfully 
 administered the affairs of the congregation, and under whom the large 
 surpliced choir of men and boys attained the great excellence in 
 the choral rendering of the church service for which the cathedral is 
 noted, resigned in May, 1884, to take charge of the new mission of St. 
 Clement, on the South Side, which has been inaugurated under very 
 promising auspices. Bishop McLaren is the present diocesan. 
 
 Grace Church Parish (Episcopal) was organized May 19, 1851. 
 Kev. Cornelius Swope, now assistant pastor of Trinity Church, New 
 York, was the first rector. A church was built on the northwest corner 
 of Dearborn and Madison Streets, seating about 300. Mr. Swope was suc- 
 ceeded June 25, 1854, by Kev. Louis L. Noble, the well-known art 
 critic, who remained only a year, and was succeeded June 9, 1856, by 
 Kev. Jno. W. Clark. Under Mr. Clark's rectorship the church was 
 removed to the corner of Peck Court and Wabash Avenue, and greatly 
 enlarged. A chapel was also built on the rear of the lot. Mr. Clark 
 remained until June 12, 1859. In July of that year Kev. Clinton 
 Locke, D. D., the present rector, was called to the charge. There were 
 then about eighty communicants. In 1863 a handsome parsonage was 
 built in the rear of the church edifice. In July, 1864, the building was 
 again enlarged. In 1867 the lot for the present structure on Wabash 
 Avenue between Fourteenth and Fifteenth Streets was purchased, the 
 Peck Court property sold, and the new church Avas finished, and opened 
 on Easter Day, 1869. In May, 1876, a cyclone blew off the steeple and 
 damaged the church to the amount of $14,000. In the summer of 
 1882 the vestry purchased twenty-two feet north of the church, and 
 on Easter Day, 1884, the whole remaining debt of the church, $20,- 
 000, was paid. In January of the same year, Dr. Locke celebrated the 
 twenty-fifth year of his rectorship and was made the happy recipient 
 of many flattering testimonials of respect and affection, not only from 
 his own congregation, but from his fellow citizens, his bishop and 
 brother clergymen. In July, 1884, the church avus thoroughly redec- 
 orated and put in repair. It is a handsome stone edifice of French 
 
182 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Gothic architecture, with uncompleted tower and spire. It is sixty-six 
 feet wide and 130 feet long, with chapel in the rear, seats 1,000 per- 
 sons, has about 600 communicants, a Sunday school of 800, and an 
 industrial school of 250 children. It takes a very active part in the 
 support of St. Luke's Hospital, which was founded by it. 
 
 The Church of the Epiphany (Episcopal) was organized in the fall of 
 1868, and the parish took possession of its first house of worship, on 
 Throop Street between Adams and Monroe, on Epiphany Day, 1868. 
 Eev. K. T. Sims was the first rector. The parish has about 110 fami- 
 lies, with 375 communicants, and a Sunday school numbering about 
 300 children and teachers. The parish owns the property on Throop 
 Street and 100 by 150 feet on the southeast corner of Ashland Avenue 
 and Adams Street, on which a large and permanent church edifice will 
 be erected, the present building being wholly inadequate and unsatis- 
 factory. The rector, Eev. Theodore N. Morrison, came to the charge 
 in December, 1876. 
 
 Christ Church (Eeformed Episcopal), at the southeast corner of Mich- 
 igan Avenue and Twenty-fourth Street, was organized Nov. 1, 1855, 
 and has grown from seven communicants to 575, with 1,000 pupils 
 enrolled in its Sunday school. The edifice, which is of stone and has 
 seating capacity for 1.000 persons, was erected in 1865, and has since 
 been several times remodeled, and is now one of the most attractive 
 places of worship in the city . The style is a simple Gothic, the west 
 front presenting very happy effects of broken masses, and light and 
 shade. There is a central porch, or vestibule, flanked on either hand 
 by a tower ; that on the northern corne : being in campanile form, and 
 rising to a height of 100 feet. The interior is finished in a very artis- 
 tic manner, the roof open timbered, and the walls beautifully tinted, 
 especially in the chancel. After the organization the pulpit was tem- 
 porarily filled by various clergymen, but the first permanent rector was 
 Eev. Charles Edward Cheney, who came to the church in March, 1860, 
 and still holds the rectorship. The views of rector and people have 
 always been decidedly "Low Church," or evangelical, and the refusal 
 of the rector to use certain expressions in the baptismal office, which 
 he believed to be contrary to the Word of God, led to a long contro- 
 versy with Bishop Whitehouse. Dr. Cheney was tried and deposed 
 from the ministry, but his trial and sentence were declared of no effect 
 by the Supreme Court of the State, so that he is still, in the eye of the 
 law, a presbyter of the Protestant Episcopal Church. His church 
 refusing to give up their rector, pastor and people became for a time 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 183 
 
 practically independent, and so remained till in December, 1873, 
 Bishop Gr. D. Cummins founded the Keformed Episcopal Church. The 
 new organization fell in exactly with the views of Christ Church, and 
 on Dec. 2, 1873, Dr. Cheney was elected, and soon after consecrated, a 
 bishop of the new church. Feb. 18, 1874, Christ Church was formally 
 reorganized as a Reformed Episcopal Church. Rev. J. W. Farley is 
 assistant minister. 
 
 St. Paul's Church (Reformed Episcopal) was organized in 1863, 
 with Dr. Samuel Fallows as its rector. After his election to the mis- 
 sionary bishopric, the pulpit was occupied successively by various 
 ministers. At the fourth general council of the Reformed Episcopal 
 Church, held in Ottawa, Canada, in July, 1876, Dr. Fallows was elected 
 bishop of the jurisdiction of the west and northwest, and three years 
 later again assumed the rectorship of St. Pauls, in connection with 
 his duties as bishop. The membership of the church numbers 560, 
 and of the Sunday school about 350. The church edifice is on the 
 corner of Washington Boulevard and Carpenter Street, and was for- 
 merly the property of the Third Presbyterian Church. It is an impos- 
 ing structure, and has the tallest spire on the West Side ; it will seat 
 1,500 people. The interior is beautifully finished. 
 
 Grace Church (Evangelical Lutheran) was organized Sept. 3, 1882. 
 It occupies a portion of its unfinished building at Chicago Avenue and 
 Franklin Streets, which has seating capacity for 400 people. It has a 
 splendid memorial window of stained glass, forty-four and one -half 
 feet high and containing 412 square feet, and, with two smaller ones, 
 bearing the names of Melchior' Muhlenberg, founder of American 
 Lutherism, and of others prominent in the church. The number of 
 members is seventy, and of Sunday school pupils 200. The pastor, Rev. 
 Lee M. Heilman, was the organizer of the church. 
 
 The First Congregational Church, corner of Washington Boulevard 
 and Ann Street, is the oldest Congregational Church in the city. It 
 was instituted May 22, 1851, the membership being at first composed 
 of Presbyterians who withdrew from that denomination on the slavery 
 issue, in which the church afterward took a prominent part. It had 
 several removals and was twice burned out before settling in its present 
 commodious edifice. A church building erected in 1868 was partially 
 destroyed by fire, and was rebuilt, the side walls being used in the 
 present structure, which is a massive stone edifice, plain Gothic in 
 style, and cruciform. It is 165 feet deep, and the extreme width of the 
 transept is 100 feet. The interior decoration is artistically elegant, the 
 
184 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 finish being of black walnut and oak. The nave and transept contain 
 14,000 square feet, the roof being a clear span, and, with the gallery, 
 seats over 2,000 people. The three large triangular windows contain 
 elaborate allegorical ornamentation in stained glass. The front window 
 represents the firmament, having numerous stars among its artistic 
 tracery, and bearing appropriate inscriptions. One of the transept 
 windows represents the crucifixion, and the other the resurrection, 
 each having suitable inscriptions and emblems. The pastor's study is 
 on the main floor. The spacious lecture, Sunday school, class, library 
 and dining rooms, and the culinary department, are all in the basement, 
 and very conveniently arranged and completely furnished. The infant 
 class room is a model, the seats being placed like those of an amphi- 
 theater. Immediately after the great fire the building was used for a 
 time as the headquarters of the city government. This church is inde- 
 fatigable in religious and philanthropic work. It sustains several 
 branch churches, a mission school, and two industrial schools. It has 
 received 2,948 persons into membership since its organization, and 
 now has a membership of 1,309. Eev. W. W. Patton, D. D., was pas- 
 tor for over eight years, including the period of the war, during which 
 the church was active in support of the Union cause, sending sixty- 
 nine of its members to the army. The present pastor, Kev. Edward P. 
 Goodwin, D. D., was installed Jan. 10, 1868. 
 
 The New England Church (Congregational;, corner of Dearborn 
 Avenue and Delaware Place, was formally instituted June 15, 1853. 
 The building was erected on the site of one built by the church in 
 1865, and destroyed by the great fire. It is an elegant cruciform 
 structure of stone, and contains memorial stones from Delft Haven, 
 Scrooley and Plymouth, and a stone baptismal font from Scrooley. It 
 cost about $150,000, and was completed in the winter of 1875. The 
 church has received about 1,000 members since its organization, and 
 now has about 475 rn.eml.ers, and 900 pupils in its Sunday schools. 
 Lincoln Park Congregational Church was built up by it, and it has just 
 expended some $13,000 in erecting a mission chapel on Sedgwick 
 near Blackhawk Street. Kev. Leander T. Chamberlain entered the 
 ministry as pastor of this church, and remained in charge about eight 
 years. Eev. Arthur Little, the present pastor, was installed early in 
 1878. 
 
 Union Park Congregational Church, corner of Ashland Avenue and 
 Washington Boulevard, has 830 members, with 1,300 pupils in its 
 Sunday schools. The building, which was completed an 1 dedicated in 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 185 
 
 the fall of 1871, is one of the largest church edifices in the city, cov- 
 ering 100X125 feet of ground. It is Gothic in style, built of rough- 
 dressed stone, and cost over $200,000. The nave is an amphitheater, 
 with an extensive gallery, giving a seating capacity of 2,200. The 
 basement contains a spacious Sunday school and lecture room, with 
 seats for 1,000 people, two Bible class room-;, library, study and par- 
 lors. The spire 
 is 175 feet high. 
 The church was 
 organized May 
 22, 1860, by 
 the faculty of 
 the Chicago 
 Theological 
 Seminary, and 
 the pulpit was 
 for some years 
 occupied b y 
 professors from 
 that institution. 
 Soon after its 
 organization a 
 mission Sunday 
 school, which 
 was organized 
 by the First 
 Congregational 
 Church in June, 
 1858, united 
 with it, largely 
 increasing its 
 
 strength and support. Rev. Chas. D. Helmer was pastor for nine years. 
 The present pastor, Eev. Frederick A. Noble, D. D., took charge April 
 20, 1879. 
 
 Plymouth Congregational Church, Michigan Avenue near Twenty- 
 sixth Street, ranks among the leading churches of the city. It was 
 organized in December, 1852. by members of the First Presbyterian 
 Church who were dissatisfied with the mild course of the denomination 
 on the slavery question. The church edifice is a graceful stone struct- 
 ure, the interior artistically decorated, and the whole costing, with the 
 
 Union Park Chur;h- From Union Park. 
 
186 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 organ, about $150,000. It has a frontage of 110 feet, and a depth of 
 160 feet. The main auditorium, which is finished in black walnut 
 throughout, seats 1,400 persons comfortably. The rear portion of the 
 building, containing lecture room, Sunday school rooms, committee 
 room, cloak room, parlor, pastor's study and janitor's apartments, is 
 divided into three stories. It was occupied for the first time on July 
 4, 1875. The minarets formerly on the church will soon be replaced 
 by more appropriate ornaments. The church membership numbers 
 over 700, and the Sunday school has over 1,100 pupils. The church 
 is noted for the excellence of its choir. It is located in one of the best 
 residence portions of the city. It sustains a prosperous local mission 
 church, and in part a mission church and school. The pastor is "Rev. 
 Henry M. Scudder, D. D., a minister of national reputation. He has 
 been in charge since Nov. 19, 1882. 
 
 Tabernacle Church (Congregational), corner of Morgan and Indiana 
 Streets, was a mission school of the First Congregational Church, and 
 was formally organized as a church Oct. 9, 1866. The building is a 
 plain brick structure, with seating capacity for 1,200 people. The 
 auditorium was recently raised, and a lecture room built underneath. 
 The church has 468 members, and the Sunday school 1,200. Becom- 
 ing burdened with debt some years ago, the church withdrew from the 
 Congregational Association for a time, but returned after a large part 
 of its obligations was cleared off. Eev. F. E. Emerich is the pastor. 
 
 Lincoln Park Congregational Church, corner of Garfield Avenue and 
 Mohawk Street, was originally a mission school of the New England 
 Church, and was organized as a church June 25, 1867. The building 
 is a plain but substantial structure, erected at a cost of $30,000, of 
 which the late Col. Chas. G. Hammond gave $14,000. The member- 
 ship is 342. Kev. Burke T. Leavitt is pastor. 
 
 Central Church, in Central Music Hall, is an independent congrega- 
 tion, established in 1877, in support of the ministry of Eev. David 
 Swing. This famous divine is a native of Cincinnati, of German 
 descent ; was graduated from Miami University in 1852, and had spent 
 less than a year in the study of theology when he returned to the uni- 
 versity as its professor of Latin and Greek, a position he held for thir- 
 teen years, preaching occasionally. His first appearance in Chicago 
 was in 1866, as pastor of the Westminster Church, then New School 
 Presbyterian, and when the Fourth Presbyterian Church was formed, 
 in 1870, after the reunion of the "schools," by the consolidation of 
 Westminster with the North Church, which had been of the Old 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 187 
 
 School, lie became pastor of tlie united congregations. When the 
 great fire swept over the North Side, he lost the hoarded results of 
 years of literary labor, and with his wife and daughter and many of his 
 parishioners spent the night of October 9th on the open prairie. He 
 immediately undertook the reorganization of his scattered flock, and 
 preached for a year in Standard Hall, and then in McVicker's Theater 
 until January, 1874, when, the church having been rebuilt, he returned 
 to his pulpit. But the catholicity of his views, and the frankness, elo- 
 quence and force with which he gave them utterance, had commanded 
 wide public attention, and often attracted larger congregations than 
 could be accommodated. Some of his liberal theological opinions had 
 been warmly controverted by ministers of the same denomination, and 
 an intellectual contest was inaugurated which excited intense interest 
 in religious circles throughout the country. Arraigned on the charge 
 of heretical teaching, his trial was a cause celebre, in which he added 
 largely to the area and splendor of his reputation as a great theologian 
 and orator. He was acquitted, and continued his' pastoral relations to 
 the Fourth Church until December, 1875, when he resigned and began 
 preaching in McVicker's Theater. In 1877 the present congregation 
 was organized, with a guarantee fund of $50,000, and Central Music 
 Hall was engaged for Sunday services. The church has 550 members, 
 and an aggregate of 1,000 pupils in three Sunday schools, located on 
 West Madison and South Halsted Streets and North Avenue respect- 
 ively. The singing is congregational. Large as the hall is, it is always 
 thronged before the hour for service, and hundreds are often turned 
 away unable to find even standing room. 
 
 The People's Church is an independent organization formed in 
 1881, and holding services every Sunday in Hooley's Theater. It seeks 
 to "unite all in the great law and duty of love to God and man," and 
 welcomes to its fellowship all, of whatever faith, who are in sympathy 
 with its spirit and work. It was founded by Kev. H. W. Thomas, D. D., 
 a prominent minister of the Methodist denomination, who was succes- 
 sively pastor of Park Avenue, First and Centenary Methodist Churches, 
 and was cited before the conference while occupying the pulpit of the 
 latter church, and tried and expelled for heretical opinions regarding 
 future punishment and the nature of the atonement. Pending these 
 proceedings he preached to the people at large, and at the time of his 
 expulsion his work had grown to such dimensions that he could not 
 conscientiously give it up. Hence, the organization of the People's 
 Church, and the continuation of weekly services in the theater, the 
 
188 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 spacious auditorium of which is always so crowded on such occasions, 
 and hundreds have so often to be turned away, that arrangements are 
 being concerted for a larger hall to accommodate the audiences. The 
 Sunday school, with over 200 pupils, is conducted in the Third Unita- 
 rian Church, corner of Monroe and Laflin Streets. Dr. Thomas is a 
 fine theologian and a pleasing speaker, of very sympathetic address, 
 his own liberal but earnest faith commanding the attention and respect 
 of his hearers, whatever their belief. 
 
 Chicago Avenue Church (Independent), corner of Chicago and 
 LaSalle Avenues, was originally a mission of the First Congregational 
 
 Church, but was 
 organized as a 
 separate con- 
 gregation in 
 1858. The 
 building, which 
 was finished in 
 1875, at a cost 
 of $70,000, cov- 
 ers 100 x 109 
 feet of ground, 
 is 60 feet high 
 to the eaves and 
 has a mansard 
 roof. It is a red 
 brick edifice 
 with stone trim- 
 mings, and has 
 a circular bell 
 tower at the 
 
 southeast cor- 
 Chicago Avenue Church. ner> at the bage 
 
 of which is the main entrance, admitting to an iron stairway leading to 
 the auditorium, and double doors opening into the lower story. There 
 are three other entrances. The auditorium, including gallery, seats 2,000 
 persons. It is substantially finished in contrasting woods, excellently 
 lighted and ventilated, and ornamented with artistic frescoing. Two 
 Bible class rooms in the basement seat respectively 100 and 200, and 
 the lecture room about 600. The membership is about 400. The 
 Sunday school is the largest in the city, having about 1,500 pupils. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOX OF CHICAGO. 189 
 
 The church is popularly known as "Moody's Church." Much of the 
 earlier portion of the now famous evangelist's career was devoted to 
 work for this church. Under his labors the church membership reached 
 300, and that of the Sunday school 1,000. When the church build- 
 ing, erected on Illinois Street in 1863 at a cost of $20,000, was de- 
 stroyed in the great conflagration, his efforts aided largely in raising 
 funds for the present structure. Rev. Charles A. Blanchard, president 
 of "Wheaton College, has supplied the pulpit occasionally since March 
 1, 1883, and regularly since September of that year. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church is the oldest church organi- 
 zation in Chicago. It is the lineal descendant of a congregation formed 
 in June, 1831, by Jesse Walker, presiding elder of the " Chicago mission 
 district " of the Illinois conference, and Eev. Stephen E. Beggs. Elder 
 Walker, who was " superannuated" in the winter of 1834-35, has been 
 Avell styled " the apostle of the Northwest." The first house of worship 
 built by the church was a small frame, erected in 1834 at the corner of 
 Noith Water and North Clark Streets. In 1838 the building was 
 moved across the river on scows, and located at the corner of Clark and 
 Washington Streets, the site occupied by th.3 present building. In 
 1857 the church obtained a charter and adopted the plan of building 
 which, it has since pursued, viz.: erecting a business block, and assign- 
 ing the lower story to mercantile purposes for revenue to be devoted to 
 the support of the church and the aid of other churches, and prepar- 
 ing the upper stories as a place of worship. Up to the time of the great 
 fire, over $70,000 had been contributed to other churches of tha 
 denomination in Chicago from this source. Since that time over 
 $120,000 more have been distributed in the same way. It requires 
 some sterling qualities in a church membership to thus sacrifice the 
 outward appearance of their house of worship for the general good of 
 the cause. The present large four-story stone front building, known 
 as Methodist Church Block, was erected at a cost of $120,000. It has 
 seven business or store rooms on the ground floor, and about fifteen 
 rooms for offices above. The portion reserved for church purposes is 
 on the third floor. The auditorium, with the gallery, has a seating 
 capacity of 1,200. There are also lecture and class rooms and pastor's 
 study on the same floor. The membership is about 120, with 100 in 
 the Sunday school. Many of the officers of the church have held their 
 positions for more than a quarter of a century. The present pastor 
 is Eev. E. M. Hatfield. 
 
 Centenary Church (Methodist Episcopal), West Monroe Street near 
 
190 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Morgan, is one of the leading churches in the city. It was organized 
 in 1842, and then known as the Canal Street Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. There were two changes of location, the last one being to 
 settle in the present commodious edifice, which was commenced 
 in 1866, the centenary of American Methodism, from which the 
 church took its present name. The lecture room was occupied Feb. 
 17, 1867, and the building was completed the following year, at a cost 
 of $75,000. It is an imposing stone structure, of G-othic-like archi- 
 tecture, ornamented with minarets. The body of the church, with a 
 gallery on three sides, will comfortably seat 1,200 persons. The inte- 
 rior finish is in black walnut. There are large parlor, lecture, study 
 and other rooms in the basement. The number of members is about 
 700, and of pupils in the Sunday school about 600. Wide public 
 attention was attracted to Centenary Church in 1880, by the charges 
 of heresy brought against its pastor, Eev. H. W. Thomas whose trial 
 and expulsion from pastorate and ministry created intense interest in 
 church circles. Among the prominent ministers who have held the 
 charge were Eevs. T. M. Eddy, D. D., F. D. Hemenway, C. H. Fowler, 
 Eobert Bentley, Charles Shelling, E. M. Hatfield, J. O. Peck, S. H. 
 Adams and H. W. Thomas. The present pastor is Eev. 0. H. Swift. 
 
 Grace Church (Methodist Episcopal), corner of North LaSalle and 
 White Streets, was organized in 1847 as the "M. E. Society of Indiana 
 Street Chapel," and in June, 1863, adopted the present name at the 
 suggestion of the ladies' society, which had raised most of the money 
 necessary to build a new house of worship for the congregation. A 
 building at the corner of Chicago Avenue and LaSalle Streets, costing, 
 with furnishings, over $90,000, was destroyed by the fire, but sixty 
 days afterward services were held in a temporary frame erected on the 
 ruins, and arrangements for rebuilding were started. The present site 
 was determined on ; the building was commenced in 1872, and in May, 
 1873, was partially finished and occupied, but the front was not com- 
 pleted till 1877. It is a plain Gothic structure, with gable front, and 
 cost about $100,000. It will comfortably seat about 1,200 people. 
 The interior wood finish is black walnut. The parsonage cost about 
 $4,000. The church membership numbers 380, and that of the Sun- 
 day school 930. Among the prominent names connected with its his- 
 tory are those of Drs. Bugbee, Tiffany and Felton. The present pastor, 
 Eev. Wm. Fawcett, entered upon his duties Oct. 16, 1881. 
 
 Langley Avenue Church (Methodist Episcopal), corner of Langley 
 Avenue and Thirty-ninth Street, was organized March 7, 1869, as 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 191 
 
 Jkm 
 
 ! -%. 
 
 Oakland Methodist Episcopal Church. Its name was thrice changed, 
 the last time in 1875 to the present title. It was removed to 
 the present location in August, 1871. The building is a neat frame 
 edifice, with capacity for 500 in the main auditorium, and handsome 
 lecture, class and library rooms and study below. The windows of the 
 nave are of stained glass, and the ceiling is prettily frescoed. The 
 organ and choir occupy an alcove in the rear of the pulpit. The cost, 
 including ground, was about $22,000. Among the pastors have been 
 Eevs. C. G. Truesdell, Lewis Meredith, W. C. Willing and T. C. Clen- 
 dening. The present pastor is A. C. George. 
 
 We stern Avenue Church (Methodist Episcopal), corner of Western 
 Avenue and Monroe Street, dates back to 1866. The building is 
 a many - gabled Gothic 
 structure, unique and ele- 
 gant in design, with four 
 towers, in the bases of 
 which are the entrances. 
 The street fronts are of 
 pressed brick with brown 
 stone trimmings. The 
 interior is 91 x 108 feet, 
 and is divided into two 
 rooms, viz., the main 
 auditorium and the lect- 
 ure and Sunday school room. The former is an amphitheater, with 
 bowled floor and circular pews, and will seat 800 persons. There is a 
 broad gallery, under which are class rooms. All the rooms can be 
 thrown into one by means of sliding doors, giving an auditorium with 
 comfortable seating capacity for 1,600. The parlors are in the base- 
 ment story, and the pastor's study in the southeast corner. The total 
 cost, with organ, is about $35,000. The church has about 300 mem- 
 bers, and is very active in all branches of its work. The pastor, Kev. 
 W. H. Burns, took charge in December, 1883. 
 
 Park Avenue Church (Methodist Episcopal), corner of Park Avenue 
 and Kobey Street, had its inception in prayer meetings held in 1858 
 among some Methodist families in the neighborhood. It was first 
 established as Park Avenue Mission, in a building erected by the 
 church extension society in 1861. The present building was erected 
 in 1865, at a cost of about $10,000, and on occupying it assumed the 
 present title. Among the prominent pastors have been Eevs. J. H. 
 
 Western Avenue M. E. Church. 
 
192 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Bayliss, W. H. Thomas, N. H. Axtell and S. McChesney. The building 
 is unpretentious but serviceable, and will seat 900 people. The church 
 has 300 members, and 600 pupils enrolled in its Sunday school. West- 
 ern Avenue and Fulton Street Churches have grown out of a mission 
 school established by this church. The house, which escaped the fire, 
 was used for a time as a distributing station by the Belief and Aid 
 Society. The present pastor is Be v. S. M. Davis. 
 
 Trinity Church (Methodist Episcopal), Indiana Avenue near Twenty- 
 fourth Street, is an offshoot of the First Church. It was born of a 
 mission Sunday school, and began life on its own account April 10, 
 1864, in a frame building on Indiana Avenue and Twenty-first Street. 
 The present edifice was commenced in November, 1870. The confla- 
 gration of the following year delayed the work. The lecture room was 
 occupied in January, 1872, but the main auditorium was not opened 
 for services until March 12, 1875. The cost, including ground, was 
 $142,540. It is one of the handsomest church edifices in the city, 
 both for architectural appearance and interior finish. The beautiful 
 baptismal font is a memorial gift of the widow of Dr. Thomas M. Eddy. 
 It has a membership of nearly 500. Its present pastor is F. M. Bristol. 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church is located at the corner of Indiana 
 Avenue and Twenty-first Street. After the fire of 1871 Calvary 
 Church, which had commenced the erection of the building, was united 
 with the First Church, the edifice being completed by the united con- 
 gregations. It is a handsome brick structure, 84X150 feet, fifty feet 
 high to the eaves, and 100 feet to the ridge of the roof, and has a spire 
 260 feet high — the tallest church spire in the city. It is finished 
 throughout in hard wood, principally black walnut, has seating capac- 
 ity for 1.100, and cost, including the ground, $165,000. The First 
 Presbyterian is one of the pioneer churches of Chicago. It was organ- 
 ized with twenty-six members, June 26, 1833. by Bev. Jeremiah Por- 
 ter. The first building was a frame at the corner of Lake and Clark 
 Streets, which was opened with services Jan. 1, 1834. This was 
 removed to the corner of Clark and Washington Streets, and after 
 being twice enlarged wa^; superseded by a brick edifice 65X100 feet. 
 In 1855 the house and ground were sold, and a fine new building 
 erected on Wabash Avenue, between Van Buren and Congress Streets, 
 and occupied in the fall of 1856. The cost was $131,000 for the 
 house and lot. A brick chapel was erected in 1864 on Griswold Street, 
 south of Van Buren, for the use of the railroad mission founded by the 
 church. In 1865 a large brick chapel was erected adjoining the church, 
 
First Presbyterian Church. 
 
 X* 
 
194 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 for Sunday school and church purposes. All was swept away by the 
 fire of 1871. inflicting a loss of nearly $200,000. The church has a 
 grand record of Christian work in the success of its missions. It sus- 
 tains the Eailroad Chapel and Mission which occupies a house on State 
 Street south of Fourteenth that cost $70,000, and has an average 
 school attendance of 500. It founded Foster Mission on the West 
 Side, the Sands Mission on the North Side, the Archer Avenue Mission 
 and the Indiana Street school. There are many names of note con- 
 nected with its history, among them that of the founder, Kev. Jeremiah 
 Porter, still living in Detroit ; Eev. John Blatchford, of New York ; Rev. 
 Flavel Bascom, who was president of the first anti- slavery meeting 
 held in Chicago ; Eev. Harvey Curtis, Eev. Z. M. Humphrey, Eev. Ar- 
 thur Mitchell, and others who have left the impress of their labors on 
 its development. The membership is over 750. The pastor, Eev. 
 John H. Barrows, D. D., is noted for his ability, energy and zeal. He 
 is an eloquent preacher, and besides his regular pastoral labors, he 
 preaches to large throngs on Sunday evenings in Central Music Hall. 
 
 The Second Presbyterian Church, corner of Michigan Avenue and 
 Twentieth Street, has a membership numbering 735, and nearly 1,000 
 pupils in its two Sunday schools. It supplies officers for the Burr mis- 
 sion school, supports an industrial school for girls during winter, and 
 has numerous active organizations for missionary and charitable work. 
 The building, in the English- Gothic style, covers 109|xl65 feet of 
 ground, and is built of rock-faced prairie stone, except the clear- 
 story, which is of wood. The " Armour memorial tower " is a massive 
 stone tower and spire reaching 200 feet above the ground, and built at 
 the cost of Mrs. Barbara Armour, widow of the late George Armour, as 
 a memorial of her deceased husband. The tower is pure Gothic, and 
 has a spacious belfry with a cathedral-toned bell, weighing, with the 
 mountings, three tons, the gift of the children of Mr. Armour. The 
 interior is elegantly finished throughout in black walnut, the pulpit 
 exhibiting some fine carving. The main audience room is 70X85 feet, 
 and seats about 1,500, with the gallery which extends all around it, 
 and the short second gallery in the east front. The rear portion of the 
 building on Twentieth Street is two stories in height, and lias a lecture 
 and Sunday school room 38X58, with gallery, library, study, etc. The 
 church was organized June 1, 1842, by a colony of twenty-six mem- 
 bers of the First Presbyterian. It occupied four different locations 
 before settling in the present site, the last of the four being a hand- 
 some Gothic edifice that was destroyed by the fire of 1871, in which 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 195 
 
 year the membership of Olivet Church was added to that of the Second 
 Church. Rev. Eobert W. Patterson, D. D., the first pastor, occupied the 
 pulpit for thirty- one years. The present pastor, Rev. Simon J. Mc- 
 Pherson, D. D., was installed May 6, 1874. 
 
 The Third Presbyterian Church, corner of Ashland and Ogden Ave- 
 nues, has the largest membership in the city, and it is said to be the 
 third largest Protestant church in the country, surpassed only by 
 Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, and Brooklyn Tabernacle. It has nearly 
 2,200 members, and has established three churches out of its congre- 
 gation, viz. : Reunion, Westminster and Campbell Park. It has a Sun- 
 day school library of over 1,000 volumes, and sustains a Sunday school 
 of 850 pupils besides Noble Street and Foster missions, making a grand 
 total of nearly 2,000 pupils. The church was organized July 18, 1847, 
 with thirty-five members. A small frame building that stood in a corn- 
 field on Union between Washington and Randolph Streets, was occu- 
 pied for more than ten years. In 1850 a number of members withdrew 
 on the question of fellowship with slaveholders, and organized the 
 First Congregational Church. From 1860 to 18G9, under the pastoral 
 charge of Rev. Arthur Swazey, D. D., over 500 persons were admitted, 
 and a debt of $45,000 nearly extinguished. June 13, 1870, the pres- 
 ent pastor, Rev. Abbott E. Kittredge, D. D.,was called from the Eleventh 
 Street Presbyterian Church, New York City, and under his administra- 
 tion the elegant building which was destroyed by fire Oct. 9, 1884, 
 was purchased, and occupied in 1877. The church edifice will be 
 rebuilt at once. Under the pastorate of Dr. Kittredge the church has 
 enjoyed almost unexampled prosperity. 
 
 The Fourth Presbyterian Church, corner of Rush and Superior 
 Streets, is one of the noted churches of the city. It is the result of a con- 
 solidation consummated Feb. 6, 1870, between the North (Old School) 
 and the Westminster (New School) Churches. The former was organ- 
 ized Aug. 6, 1848, and the latter Sept. 18, 1855. The present building 
 was erected on the site of the one occupied at the time of the great 
 fire, in which not only was the church building lost, but the homes of 
 490 of its 500 members. It is a modest stone edifice, Gothic in style. 
 and the interior is finished and furnished in a substantial and comfort- 
 able manner. The church has about 500 members, and the Sunday 
 school about 360. It supports a mission school in Home Street with a 
 membership of 675. Rev. David Swing was pastor of this church at 
 the time of his celebrated trial for heresy, but withdrew from it 
 although acquitted of the charge. Rev. Herrick Johnson* D. D., LL. D., 
 
196 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 resigned the pastorate July 1, 1884 (having been in charge over three 
 years), to accept a professorship in the N. W. Theological Seminary. 
 
 The Fifth Presbyterian Church, corner of Indiana Avenue and Thir- 
 tieth Street, was organized Jan. 15, 1868, and took its present name 
 June 24, 1870, when the Twenty -eighth Street and South Presbyterian 
 Churches were consolidated with it. The church edifice is a T-shaped 
 brick structure, neatly and comfortably furnished, and seats between 
 400 and 500 people. There is a very pleasant lecture room in the 
 south wing, and a library and study in the north wing. The member- 
 ship numbers 262. The pastor, Kev. W. G. Woodbridge, was formally 
 installed in January, 1884. He is a native of Baton Kouge, La., a grad- 
 uate of Princeton College, New Jersey, and of the Columbia, S. C, 
 Theological Institute. 
 
 The Sixth Presbyterian Church, corner of Oak and Vincennes Ave- 
 nues, was organized in 1875. In 1872 a colony from the Ninth Pres- 
 byterian Church organized Grace Church, but after about three years 
 a reunion was effected, and the reunited churches reorganized under 
 the present name. The building was erected at a cost of nearly $20,- 
 000. It has seating capacity for about 850. The church membership 
 numbers over 450. Kev. Henry T. Miller was the first pastor of the 
 reunited congregation. He remained in charge for seven years, when 
 he resigned, and was succeeded by the present pastor, Eev. John H. 
 Worcester, Jr., who was installed Feb. 13, 1883. 
 
 The Eighth Presbyterian Church, at the junction of Eobey Street 
 and Washington Boulevard, originated in a neighborhood prayer meet- 
 ing among Presbyterian families in 1864. It was organized December 
 20, of that year, with twenty-five members, and built a plain wooden 
 chapel, which was removed two years later, and the present tasteful 
 frame structure erected in its place. It has a belfry, surmounted by a 
 graceful steeple. The bell is named " The Children's Bell," having 
 been paid for mainly by the pupils of the Sunday school. The build- 
 ing has seating capacity for about 650. The church membership is 
 609, and that of the Sunday school about 700. The " Onward Mis- 
 sion," at the intersection of Indiana Street and North Hoyne Avenue, 
 was established by the church Nov. 1, 1868, and is maintained by it 
 with a Sunday school membership of 250. The church has a fine 
 library and reading rooms. The pastor is Rev. Thomas Edward Green, 
 a young, eloquent and very popular preacher. 
 
 Jefferson Park Presbyterian Church, corner of West Adams and 
 Throop Streets, fronts toward the beautiful park from which it takes 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 197 
 
 its name. The church edifice and chapel in the rear occupy a lot 
 77x150 feet. The building is of red pressed brick with stone trim- 
 mings, built in the Gothic style of architecture. The entrances are 
 adorned with polished Scotch granite columns. A handsome spire and 
 corner towers surmount the whole. The interior is arranged with the 
 pews in amphitheater style, all the aisles radiating from the pulpit. 
 The walls and ceiling are elaborately frescoed, and light is admitted 
 by large Gothic stained glass windows. The seating capacity is 1,000, 
 including the gallery. The building completed, with its furniture, cost 
 over $40,000. The membership of the church is about 350, and of 
 the Sunday school 220. The congregation was an offshoot from the 
 Eeformed Presbyterian Church, and was organized Jan. 31, 1867, with 
 Kev. Kobert Patterson, D. D., as its first pastor. Subsequently Eev. 
 Francis L. Patton was pastor for six years, during which the present 
 edifice was built. Ths present pastor, Eev. Thomas Parry, came to the 
 charge in January, 1884. He is a native of Wales, but educated in the 
 United States, and is a graduate of Princeton College and seminary. 
 St. Mary's Church (Catholic), Wabash Avenue and Eldridge Court, 
 was organized in May, 1833, by Eev. John Mary Irenaaus St. Cyr, who 
 was appointed for the purpose by Bishop Eosetti, of St. Louis, April 
 17th of that year. He arrived here May 1, said his first mass May 5, 
 and administered his first baptism May 22, and in October following 
 dedicated to the uses of his church the first building erected in Chi- 
 cago for a house of worship. It was located on Lake Street, and was a 
 plain wooden structure, 25X35 feet, and its belfry contained the first 
 church bell heard in the settlement. After two removals, the substan- 
 tial brick occupied in 1871 was burned, when the present edifice was 
 purchased from the Unitarian denomination, and subsequently under- 
 went some remodeling and improvement. It is a very substantial stone 
 structure, comfortably and durably finished and furnished, and has 
 seating capacity for about 800 people. May 27, 1883, the church 
 held a semi-centennial celebration of its establishment, when an 
 address was delivered by Win. J. Onahan, Esq., and a handsome marble 
 memorial-tablet was unveiled and placed in the wall of the vestibule. 
 It contains the following inscription : " To the memory of the early 
 Catholic missionaries of Illinois, sleeping in their unmarked graves, 
 from Marquette to St. Cyr, on the 50th anniversary of the establish- 
 ment in this city of St. Mary's Parish, and the erection of the first 
 Christian Church, this tablet is reverently and gratefully erected by 
 the pastor and flock, May 1, 1883." The pastor is Eev. J. P. Eoles. 
 
198 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The Cathedral of the Holy Name (Catholic), corner of North State 
 and Superior Streets, was commenced in 1874 and completed in 1882. 
 There is a group of buildings which includes the cathedral proper, a 
 parochial school, the academy of the ladies of the Sacred Heart, the 
 presbytery, and others, occupying an entire block. The academy and 
 school are of brick, and the cathedral and presbytery of stone. The 
 first two stand on a half block donated by the late Hon. W. B. Ogden 
 
 for school pur- 
 poses. The origi- 
 nal cathedral and 
 school buildings 
 were consumed 
 by the fire of 
 1871. The ca- 
 thedral, which was 
 built at a cost of 
 $200,000, seats 
 1,800 people, is 
 of the Gothic 
 style, cruciform, 
 with a tower sur- 
 mounted by a 
 spire, and is no- 
 ticeable for its 
 graceful architec- 
 ture. The inte- 
 rior is finely fin- 
 ished, abundantly 
 lighted with large 
 stained glass win- 
 dows, and has 
 three beautiful 
 
 marble altars. The organ is exquisitely finished, and is probably the most 
 powerful in the city. The singing is usually by a quartette, but large cho- 
 ruses are added on special occasions. The Cathedral of the Holy Name 
 was organized as the Church of the Holy Name in 1846. The present 
 clerical personnel is as follows : Most Eev. Patrick A. Feehan, D. D.; 
 Very Eev. P. J. Conway, V.G., rector ; Kev. P. D. Gill, chancellor ; Kevs. 
 P. S. Henneberry, J. J. Carroll, M. J. Pitzsimmons and J. J. Darcy. 
 The Church of the Holy Family (Catholic), corner of West Twelfth 
 
 Cathedral of the Holy Name. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 199 
 
 and May Streets, is a large and handsome brick structure. It seats 
 about 2,000 people, and is remarkable for its superb stained glass win- 
 dows, its number of fine statues and its massive bell tower and spire. It 
 was built in 1857 under the renowned missionary, Rev. Arnold Damen, 
 S. J., who has performed wonders in rescuing large areas of Chicago 
 from what at times was simple savagery. His labors here, apart from 
 his religious efforts, have been of inestimable benefit to the city. The 
 affairs of the church are directed by ten Jesuit Fathers. Sodality 
 Building, immediately in the rear of the church, is a spacious structure. 
 It contains numerous rooms and spacious halls for the use of the various 
 church sodalities, and two libraries with an aggregate of 2,400 books. 
 
 St. James' Church (Catholic), corner of Wabash Avenue and Thir- 
 tieth Street, occupies one of the finest church edifices in the city. It 
 is a Gothic- like structure of stone, cruciform, compact and well pro- 
 portioned, and has an uncompleted tower. The nave is finished in 
 oiled light wood, and two rows of polished granite pillars support the 
 roof. It is lighted by large and handsome stained glass windows, and 
 three marble altars are to be put in. It will seat, with the two small 
 galleries, about 1,600 persons. The building was erected during the 
 pastorate of Eev. P. W. O'Eiorclan, now coadjutor archbishop of San 
 Francisco. The present clerical staff is composed of Eevs. Hugh 
 McGuire, Lawrence A. E. Erhard, P. J. Fenan and D. Lyon. 
 
 St. Johns Church (Catholic), corner of Eighteenth and Clark Streets, 
 was established June 29, 1859. The church edifice is a splendid stone 
 structure, pure Gothic in style, and a model of architectural beauty. 
 It is somewhat cruciform, having a short transept. The spire is unfin- 
 ished. The interior, with its brilliant frescoes, beautiful stained glass 
 windows and panels presenting representations of scriptural charac- 
 ters is well worthy of the strikingly handsome exterior. It will seat 
 1.600 persons. This building was completed and dedicated in 1881, 
 and was built mainly through the efforts of Father Waldron, who is 
 highly esteemed for the great work he has accomplished, and for his 
 charitable efforts in behalf of the poor of his parish. The officiating 
 priests are Eev. John Waldron, and his assistant, Eev. C. P. Foster. 
 
 The Society of the New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian) was organized 
 in 1843 with three members. It held its meetings for a time in a pub- 
 lic hall. Eev. J. E. Hibbard, D. D., the first pastor, was installed 
 in 1850. In 1857 an old church building, originally built by the Sec- 
 ond Presbyterian Church on Harrison Street,was purchased, and .served 
 as a place of worship until the erection of a new church on the corner 
 
200 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 of Wabash Avenue and Adams Street. Dr. Hibbard's health failing 
 him, Rev. C. Day Noble was called as an assistant in 1870, and in 1871 
 the pastor was granted leave of absence and sailed for Europe just 
 before the great fire, which destroyed the building. The society then 
 undertook to erect buildings for a South Side congregation on the cor- 
 ner of Eighteenth Street and Prairie Avenue, and a West Side congre- 
 gation on the corner of Washington Street and Ogden Avenue. On Dr. 
 Hibbard's return from Europe there was a division of the society, a 
 part of the South Side congregation organizing as a second society 
 with Rev. C. Day Noble as pastor. The panic of 1873 completed the 
 financial ruin of many of the leading members of the society, still further 
 crippling the operations of the church. In 1877 a new union society 
 was organized with Rev. I. P. Mercer as pastor, holding services in Her- 
 shey Music Hall, Rev. Dr. Hibbard resigning the pastorate of the Chicago 
 society in the same year, and services were suspended on the South Side. 
 In 1881 the Chicago society sold its lot on the corner of Prairie Avenue 
 and Eighteenth Street, and a new building was erected on Van Buren 
 Street east of Wabash Avenue. The members of the two societies 
 united, and Rev. I. P. Mercer became the pastor. The society now 
 numbers some 200. Rev. Geo. Nelson Smith is pastor of the North 
 Side .congregation (Lincoln Park Chapel) and the West Side congrega- 
 tion (Union Park Temple). Rev. LP. Mercer remains in charge of the 
 New Church Temple. The society maintains a New Church library and 
 book room, for the sale and circulation of the works of Swedenborg 
 and other New Church writings. It is located in the temple on Van 
 Buren Street east of Wabash Avenue. 
 
 The Kehilath Anshe Maarab (Congregation of Men of the West), 
 corner of Indiana Avenue and Twenty- sixth Street, is the oldest Hebrew 
 congregation in the city. It adheres to the party of moderate reform. 
 It was organized in 1846, and numbers about 120 families. There 
 were several removals before the congregation settled in the modest 
 wooden building it now occupies. The seating capacity is about 800. 
 Dr. Ignatz Kunreuther, lately deceased, was the first pastor. Dr. Sam- 
 uel Sale is the present minister 
 
 Zion Congregation, corner of Sangamon and West Jackson Streets, 
 occupies a modest frame building, which was erected in 1869. It has 
 three Sunday school rooms in the basement. The auditorium seats 
 about 700. The membership includes about 100 families of Reformed 
 Jewish faith. Services are held both Saturday and Sunday mornings. 
 The congregat on was formed in 1864, by seceding members of Sinai 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 201 
 
 Congregation, the founder and pastor of the latter, Dr. B. Felsenthal, 
 becoming the minister of the new synagogue, which position he still 
 holds. 
 
 Sinai Congregation, occupying Sinai Temple, corner of Indiana 
 Avenue and Twenty-first Street, was organized in 1861, and is the 
 leading church of the 
 Jewish faith in the 
 west. The temple was 
 erected in 1876 at a 
 cost of $100,000, in- 
 cluding the ground. 
 The interior is ele- 
 gantly finished in hard 
 wood, and very hand - 
 somely furnished. 
 The auditorium is ar- 
 ranged like an amphi- 
 theater, and with the 
 gallery, recently add- 
 ed, affords seats for 
 1,400 people. After 
 the fire the congrega- 
 tion temporarily occu- 
 pied various locations 
 until the erection of 
 the temple. The mem- 
 bership includes about SlNAI Temple - 
 150 families, and is Eeformed Jewish in faith. Dr. E. G. Hirseh, who 
 is widely known as a man of great learning and piety, is rabbi in charge. 
 
 St. Paul's Church (Universalist), Wabash Avenue between Sixteenth 
 and Eighteenth Streets, is the leading and oldest church of its denom- 
 ination in the city. The building is a fine stone structure, of Gothic 
 architecture, modified by Eomanesque features. The interior finish is 
 black walnut, and a good deal of excellent carving adds to the beauty 
 of the work. It was built in 1873, the edifice previously occupied 
 having been destroyed by the conflagration of 1871. The main audi- 
 torium seats 1,500, and on the floor below is a lecture room with seat- 
 ing capacity for 600, a library, parlor and other rooms. The church 
 membership embraces about 150 families, and the Sunday school has 
 400 pupils. There is also an industrial school in the building, with 
 
 afeStS! 
 
 ADLER & SULLIVAN, ARCHITECTS 
 
202 
 
 MARQTJIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAQO. 
 
 seventy pupils. This church had its inception in 1841-42. Bev. 
 W. H. Byder, D. D., was the pastor for over twenty-one years, com- 
 mencing in 1860. Bev. J. Coleman Adams is the present pastor. 
 
 The Church of the Messiah, or Fn\.t Unitarian Association, corner 
 of Michigan Avenue and Twenty-third Street, was formerly known as 
 the First Unitarian Church, and is the pioneer church of that denom- 
 ination in Chicago. It was organized June 29, 1836, and after various 
 changes finally settled in the present building in 1873, the building 
 previously occupied in another location having perished in the confla- 
 gration, as its pred- 
 ecessor had also 
 fallen victim to that 
 element. The edi- 
 fice is of stone, sur- 
 mounted by a low 
 tower, and was 
 erected at a cost of 
 $50,000. The in- 
 terior is hand- 
 somely finished in 
 black walnut and 
 pine. The seating 
 capacity is 750. 
 Bev. Bobert Coll- 
 yer was minister 
 at large for a brief 
 season in 1857. In 
 1866 the noted 
 Bev. Bobert Laird 
 Collierbecame pas- 
 tor, and during his 
 incumbency of 
 nearly ten years, gave the church a national fame. After the death of his 
 wife, he resigned his charge in 1875. She was a daughter of Hon. 
 Hiram Price, of Iowa, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and a woman of 
 exceptionally noble mind and character. A fine two-story memorial 
 structure called " Mary Collier Chapel," was erected in the rear of the 
 church building at a cost of $30,000. It contains the pastor's study 
 and parlor, and a chapel for Sunday school uses. Bev. Brooke Hereford 
 followed Mr. Collier, and the present pastor, Bev. David Utter, took 
 
 
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 s^^ss&^^^iiimaS'lij ' v'^^^^SS 
 
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 Church of the Messiah. 
 
Marquis* hanD-booe of Chicago. 203 
 
 charge Jan. 15, 1883. The church supports the Hereford Kindergar- 
 ten on Twenty-second Street near Wentworth Avenue. 
 
 Unity Church, Dearborn Avenue, opposite Washington Square, is 
 the largest of the Unitarian organizalions in the city. It was organized 
 Dec. 23, 1857, and held its first services on the last Sunday in May, 
 1859. Rev. Eobert Collyer preached the first sermon, and continued 
 in the pastoral charge for twenty years, his brilliant ability and liberal 
 and humane theology commanding public attention, drawing hundreds 
 to the membership, and spreading the fame of his church far and wide. 
 Christmas eve, 1859, Rev. Dr. Hosmer, of Buffalo, preached the ded- 
 ication sermon in the first building erected for the church. Nearly ten 
 years later — June 20, 1869— Rev. Dr. Bellows, of New York, preached 
 the dedication sermon in the second edifice, erected and furnished at a 
 cost of $210,000. Dec. 7, 1873, Rev. Dr. Furness, of Philadelphia, 
 preached the dedication sermon in the third building (the previous one 
 having been burned in 1871), which had been erected at a cost of 
 $97,737, using the walls and foundation of its predecessor. It has 
 capacity for comfortably seating 1,500 persons. The building is of 
 rough-dressed stone, renaissance Gothic in style, with two unfinished 
 towers, to the completion of which $26,000 left by the late Eli Bates 
 will be applied. A gallery extends around three sides of the nave, and 
 the interior finish is of dark hardwood, oil polished. The acoustic 
 properties are said to be perfect. The church pays a great deal of 
 attention to social, charitable and missionary matters. An Industrial 
 school for girls, in wh'ch sewing and the various forms of housework 
 are taught, has been supported by the church for a number of years. 
 A fine building has just been erected for the school, at a cost of $20,- 
 000, from a fund bequeathed for this purpose by the late Eli Bates. 
 In the summer of 1879 the church reluctantly accepted the resignation 
 of Mr. Collyer. Rev. Geo. C. Miln was then installed, but after about 
 one year retired. The present pastor, Rev. Geo. Batchelor, was in- 
 stalled the first Sunday in November, 1882. 
 
 The First German Baptist Church, corner of Bickerdike and "West 
 Huron Streets, was organized in 1858. The house is a plain wooden 
 building with a seating capacity of 400. It has 300 members, a Sun- 
 day school of 300 pupils ; an afternoon Sunday school in the Danish 
 language, with fifty pupils ; and a mission school on Burling and Wil- 
 low Streets which has 150 pupils and occupies a brick building erected 
 by the church at a cost of $13,000. The pastor, Rev. Jacob Meier, has 
 officiated since 1878. 
 
204 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHTCAGO. 
 
 The Memorial Church (Baptist), on Oakwood Boulevard near Cottage 
 Grove Avenue, was formerly University Place Church. The society 
 was organized near the close of 1868, in the chapel of the Chicago 
 University, and had for its first pastor J. A. Smith, D. D. Several dis- 
 tinguished divines subsequently filled its pulpit. During the pastorate 
 of Rev. J. T. Burhoe the building was removed to its present location, 
 about a mile south of its former site. Its membership includes many 
 persons who were formerly members of the Indiana Avenue Church, 
 which dissolved in 1875. Bev. N. E. Wood, D. D., the present pastor, 
 took charge in 1883. 
 
 The Churches in Chicago represent most all the denominations. 
 Only the leading churches of the various denominations have been 
 noted in the preceding pages. The total number of duly organized 
 congregations is 262. The number in each denomination is shown in 
 the following table : 
 
 DENOMINATION. 
 
 Baptist . . . 
 Christian . . 
 Congregational 
 Dutch Reformed 
 Episcopal . . 
 Episcopal (Reformed) . 
 Evangelical Association 
 Evangelical Lutheran . 
 Evangelical Reformed . 
 Evangelical United . . 
 Free Methodist . . . 
 
 24 
 5 
 
 25 
 2 
 
 16 
 6 
 7 
 
 33 
 2 
 5 
 2 
 
 DENOMINATION. 
 
 Independent .... . . 
 
 Jewish , . . . 
 
 Methodist Episcopal .... 
 Methodist Episcopal (Colored) 
 New Jerusalem(Swedenborgian) 
 
 Presoyterian . 
 
 Roman Catholic 
 
 Unitarian .^0 
 
 Universalist 
 
 Miscellaneous . , . ./. , . 
 Total 
 
 4 
 14 
 40 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 262 
 
 The Chicago Bible Society is a branch of the American Bible Soci- 
 ety. Its object is to promote the wider circulation of the Bible, and its 
 field is confined to Cook County, in which there are thirty- seven aux- 
 iliary societies. About 150 local agents are employed in canvassing 
 the county, and the city and county have been thoroughly canvassed 
 pie en times since the organization of the society, and over a half 
 million copies of the Bible have been circulated. The depository is at 
 150 Madison Street. 
 
 The Young Men's Christian Association (Holland) has had merely 
 a nominal existence for some time, and for nearly two years its regular 
 meetings have been suspended. Latterly, however, interest 1ms been 
 somewhat revived and a reorganization is proposed. The association 
 has a library of over 300 volumes. Meetings were formerly held at the 
 First Dutch Keformed Church, corner of May and West Harrison 
 Streets. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 205 
 
 The Scandinavian Young Men's Christian Association was first 
 organized June 1, 1872, by the young men of Trinity Lutheran Church, 
 corner of Indiana and Peoria Streets, the congregation of which is 
 Scandinavian. A reorganization took place in 1873, but not much 
 interest was manifested until 1883, when the work revived. The asso- 
 ciation now has 140 members, and occupies a hall at No. 183 Peoria 
 Street, where it has a small library of Scandinavian books and English 
 Bibles. 0. L. Stangeland, 239 W. Erie Street, is president. 
 
 The Chicago Young Men's Christian Association was founded in 
 1858. It began with 151 members, had 
 355 at the end of its first year and now 
 numbers upwards of 3,000. During the 
 war it was active in missionary and relief 
 work among the soldiers, and gave sev- 
 enty-five men to the first call for volun- 
 teers. One hundred and forty-one of its 
 members perished in camp and on the 
 field. Jan. 7, 1868, its commodious 
 building at 148 and 150 Madison Street 
 was destroyed by fire, and a second one 
 was lost in the great fire of 1871, the 
 losses aggregating in the neighborhood 
 of $100,000. The present building was 
 dedicated Nov. 26, 1874, and remodeled 
 in the summer of 1882. It is a substan- 
 tial five-story structure, erected at a cost 
 of .$90,000, and valued, with the ground, 
 at $250,000. The library contains 3,600 
 works, and is free to all members. The 
 reading-room is open to the public, and 
 is abundantly supplied with papers and y. m. c. a. building. 
 
 magazines. The parlors are handsomely furnished and inviting. The 
 gymnasium has an average daily attendance of 275. The baths are excel- 
 lent and well patronized, 340 lockers being provided. The sociables, 
 receptions and lectures are popular and liberally attended. Railroad 
 branches of the association have been established at the corner of 
 Kinzie and Canal Streets, where there is a reading room, and at 4645 
 State Street and 141 Stewart Avenue, where both reading and bath 
 rooms are provided, and at the latter, coffee and sleeping rooms are also 
 established. The employment department is doing excellent work. 
 
206 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The Chicago Sabbath Association has been in active operation 
 since 1879, first as a branch of the International Sabbath Association, 
 and afterward as a separate organization. Its special mission is to 
 protect the Sabbath as a day of rest and worship, and hence it opposes 
 all unnecessary labor, traffic, public shows, etc., on that day, as inter- 
 fering with its dedication to the purposes mentioned, and tending to 
 degrade it in the eyes of youth. The society has held some popu- 
 lar meetings and circulated a large amount of literature. Wm. Niestadt, 
 57 Washington Street, is secretary. 
 
 The Cook County Sunday School Association dates its formation 
 March 24, 1859, and includes all workers in the Evangelical Sunday 
 schools in Cook County. It aims to promote interest in Sunday school 
 matters, and to develop better modes of work. It distributes about 
 $13,000 annually for benevolence, and about $1,000 for state and 
 county work. The office is at 148 Madison Street. W. B. Jacobs is 
 superintendent. 
 
 The American Sunday School Union organized its Chicago branch 
 in 1855. The special work of this organization is to establish and 
 assist Sunday schools, employing missionaries for the purpose, and 
 supplying the schools with suitable literature. Sixteen of the vice- 
 presidents of the union are pious citizens of Chicago. F. G. Ensign, 
 148 Madison Street, is the superintendent of the Chicago branch. 
 
(SiHccafional ^>rx$iiiuiiorx&. 
 
 THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS, UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, AND OTHER 
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 THE educational institutions of Chicago are well up to its necessities, 
 save in the matter of public school buildings. It has been an im- 
 possibility to extend the public school facilities so as to keep pace with 
 the demands of the growing population. But there is an ample supply 
 of private educational institutions, such as seminaries, grammar 
 schools, kindergartens, manual training schools and business and pro- 
 fessional colleges. The aggregate of schools of all kinds and grades in 
 and immediately about Chicago, makes it a great center of education. 
 In the building up of these schools money has been supplied lavishly ; 
 endowments and funds have been profusely furnished ; the important 
 accessories of great libraries have already reached an extraordinary 
 extent ; and scholarships of the most liberal character abound in many 
 of the institutions. 
 
 The Public Schools are arranged on the well-known graded system, 
 and are divided into three departments, primary, grammar, and the 
 high schools. The primary schools are those in which the first four 
 grades are taught ; the grammar schools take the pupils up to the eighth 
 grade ; and the high schools take them through still higher studies 
 known as the ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth grades. There are 
 three high schools, one in each division of the city, and located as fol- 
 lows : The South Division high school, corner of Wabash Avenue and 
 Twenty-sixth Street ; West Division high school, corner of Morgan and 
 Monroe Streets ; North Division high school, corner of Wendell and 
 Wells Streets. The total attendance in the high school department 
 during the year 1883-84 was 1,400, at a total cost per pupil of $48.22. 
 The eight grades of the primary and grammar departments cover 
 such an amount of ground, that, in graduating from the grammar 
 schools, the pupils are fairly well prepared to enter the world without 
 further school instruction. Evening schools have been opened in vari- 
 ous school buildings, and one at the Newsboys' Home — in all, fourteen. 
 One of these is known as the Evening High School, and is for the bene- 
 
208 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 fit of those who desire to study in the higher grades. There are also 
 five deaf mute schools, having a total attendance of about sixty. The 
 elementary studies in these schools are in the course provided, includ- 
 ing geography in some instances, and instruction relating to morals 
 and manners. There are also classes in articulation for teaching vocal 
 speech. There are sixty-eight public school buildings in the city. 
 These are nearly all brick structures, and those lately erected are pro- 
 vided with every modern improvement. The management of the schools 
 is vested in a board of education appointed by the mayor, and confirmed 
 by the city council. This board consists of fifteen members. The total 
 value of the school sites occupied is $1,166,475 ; and the total value of 
 the school buildings, including heating apparatus and furniture, is $2,- 
 530,825. The income of the public school system consists of the school 
 tax from the state and city, the income of the fund derived from rentals 
 and sales of school lands, and from several special funds, such as the 
 Jonathan Burr, Newberry, Michael Keese, Moseley and other funds, some 
 of which were given for the purpose of supplying the children of indi- 
 gent parents with the necessary text-books. 
 
 The school fund property, consisting of real estate and the princi- 
 pal of the school fund, amounts to $2,841,791. The city tax for 
 school purposes in 1883 was $1,375, 437.15,. at the rate of 10.325 
 mills on a total tax valuation of $133, 213, 688. § The total cash receipts 
 of the school board for the year 1883 wer3 $1,434,571.32, and the 
 total expenditures $1,327,837.63. The total number of children enrolled 
 in the city during the year 1883-84 was 72,509, and the average daily 
 membership of pupils during the same period was 55,890, thus leaving 
 thousands who either attend private schools or the parochial schools of 
 the religious denominations, but comparatively few, it is believed, who 
 do not enjoy school facilities of some kind. There were 1,195 teachers 
 employed, and the total cost of the system for the year was $1,132,- 
 820, of which $771,000 was expended for tuition. 
 
 The University, of Chicago originated with Hon. Stephen A. Doug- 
 las. In 1855-56, while a member of the Senate of the United States, 
 Mr. Douglas proposed, as a mark of respect to the memory of his 
 deceased wife, to endow an educational institution under the general 
 control of the Baptist denomination. To this end he offered to donate 
 the ten acres of land on which the University buildings now stand. 
 Bev. J. C. Burroughs resigned the pastorate of the First Baptist Church, 
 accepted a deed of trust of the property for the purpose named, and 
 Undertook the task of raising funds for the construction of the neces- 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 209 
 
 sary buildings. The corner-stone of the south wing was accordingly 
 laid July 4, 1857. This wing afforded accommodations for the stu- 
 dents for some years, but in 1865 the buildings were completed. In 
 1858 the preparatory department was organized, with the double view 
 of preparing students for admission to the college, and of providing 
 those who are unable to take the collegiate course with a first-class 
 academic education. In 1873, the office of chancellor was created, and 
 vested with the financial and general management, and Dr. Burroughs 
 was chosen to that post. He was succeeded in the presidency by Kev. Dr. 
 
 University of Chicago, Cottage Grove Ave., Near Thirty-fifth St. 
 
 Lemuel Moss, who a year later was succeeded by Hon. Alonzo Abernethy, 
 who occupied the chair for two years, when Rev. Galusha Ander- 
 son, S. T. D., LL. D., was called to the position, the duties of which he 
 still fulfills. The university includes a preparatory department, a gen- 
 eral collegiate department and the Union College of Law. The latter 
 is referred to in detail elsewhere. The curriculum of the collegiate 
 department embraces a classical and a scientific course, and the stand- 
 ard of examinations is high. Students are also allowed to pursue an 
 elective course, subject to the regulations of the faculty, certificates of 
 proficiency being given in studies in which satisfactory examinations 
 have been pa sed. Ladies are admitted into both the preparatory and 
 14 
 
210 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 collegiate departments on the same terms as the other sex. There is a 
 valuable library, and an extensive museum, embracing a considerable 
 collection of charts, models, specimens, skeletons, etc., illustrative of 
 human anatomy, zoology, geology and numismatology, together with 
 a well equipped herbarium, and a full supply of modern apparatus for 
 the illustration of lectures on chemistry and natural philosophy. The 
 buildings are strikingly handsome in architectural design. They stand 
 in a grove of old trees on Cottage Grove Avenue near Thirty-fifth 
 Street. Although started under the auspices of the Baptist denomi- 
 nation, there is nothing sectarian in the management of the University. 
 
 The Northwestern University occupies a group of buildings in 
 Evanston, one of the most beautiful suburbs of Chicago. The grounds 
 on which the buildings are situated consist of about thirty acres lying on 
 the shore of Lake Michigan. The main building, called University Hall, 
 shown in the illustration on the opposite page, Avas erected at a cost 
 of $110,000. It is used only for chapel, library, museum and recita- 
 tion purposes. The library contains about 26,000 volumes, and 
 8.000 pamphlets. It includes the Greenleaf collection of Greek and 
 Latin literature, about 14,000 volumes, which is said to be one of the 
 most complete classical collections in America. "What is known as the 
 Orrington Lunt library fund, amounting to considerably over $25,000, 
 is set apart for library purposes. The museum contains valuable col- 
 lections. There is a large and well appointed gymnasium on the 
 grounds. The university embraces a college of liberal arts, provid- 
 ing classical, Latin and scientific courses, a course in modern 
 literature and art, and special and elective courses ; a college of medi- 
 cine (Chicago Medical College); a college of law (Union College of Law); 
 preparatory school, school of elocution, conservatory of music, depart- 
 ment of art. The university is under control of the Methodist denom- 
 ination, but is unsectarian. The university was incorporated in 1851 . 
 The entire property, which includes large real estate interests in Chi- 
 cago, is valued at $1,500,000. Female students are admitted on the 
 same terms as males, to the c Tlege of liberal arts, the Evanston Col- 
 lege for Ladies having become a department of the university in June, 
 1873. They occupy a handsome building known as the "Woman's 
 College, "and used chiefly for study and lodging rooms. In 1883 the 
 university had a total of 753 students. Eev. Joseph Cummins, D.D., 
 LL. D., is president of the faculty. 
 
 Cook County Normal and Training School, Normalville, Stewart Ave- 
 nue and Sixty-seventh Street, was established by Cook County for the 
 

212 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 purpose of furnishing competent teachers for the public schools. 
 There are a normal and a preparatory department. All applicants for 
 admission to the normal department must declare their intention to 
 teach in the public schools and to give the county the preference in all 
 offers to secure their services ; and are required to pass satisfactory 
 examination in various common school branches — except those holding 
 teacher's certificates or those who have graduated from a high school. 
 Pupils are admitted to the preparatory -department Without examina- 
 tion. Tuition is free to residents of the county. Non-residents are 
 required to pay $30 per year. The buildings were erected in 1874. 
 The school was originally established at Blue Island in 1867. Francis 
 W. Parker is principal. 
 
 The Union College of Law was organized in 1859 as the law depart- 
 ment of the University of Chicago. About ten years ago the North- 
 western University was admitted to an equal interest and joint manage- 
 ment in the school. The full term of study occupies two years of 
 thirty-six weeks each. Those entering are expected to have at least a 
 good common school education. The diploma granted for a full course 
 admits the graduate to the bar of Illinois, and attendance for a shorter 
 period is credited to the applicant on examination before the Appellate 
 Court. The college occupies rooms at Nos. 80 and 82 Dearborn Street. 
 Hon. Henry Booth, LL. D.,is dean of the faculty. 
 
 St. Ignatius College, 413 West Twelfth Street, is conducted by the 
 Fathers of the Society of Jesus. It was organized in 1869 and char- 
 tered a year later with power to confer the usual degrees. It embraces 
 academic, collegiate, commercial and preparatory departments. The 
 academic department is preparatory to the collegiate, but furnishes in 
 itself a thorough high school education for those who have not the 
 opportunity to take the collegiate course. The collegiate department 
 comprises four classes : Philosophy, Khetoric, Poetry and the Human- 
 ities. The commercial department embraces all the branches of a 
 good English education. The preparatory class is for students not 
 sufficiently advanced to enter the academic or commercial departments. 
 In addition to the regular departments of instruction there are the Loyola 
 Debating Society, for the promotion of eloquence and a taste for literary 
 studies, and the Saint Cecilia Society, whose purpose is to improve its 
 members in vocal music, and to contribute to the celebration of literary 
 and religious festivals. In addition to collegiate studies the students 
 are instructed in the doctrines and evidences of the Catholic religion. 
 On completion of the collegiate course, the student receives the degree 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 213 
 
 of Bachelor of Arts, and by devoting one more year to the study of 
 philosophy, or two years to any of the learned professions, he may 
 receive the degree of Master of Arts. The college buildings are hand- 
 some and commodious. There are a staff of twenty professors, a fine 
 museum, a library of 12,000 volumes, a laboratory, a conchological 
 collection, and, in short, all that is essential to a first-class educational 
 establishment. Eev. Jos. G. Zealand, S. J., is president of the faculty. 
 
 The German-American Young Ladies' Institute is a day and board- 
 ing school for girls. It was established in 1880, and, as an institution 
 for practical instruction, it has become well and favorably known. The 
 two buildings occupied at Nos. 605 and 607 North Clark Street, near 
 Lincoln Park, are very commodious. They provide accommodations 
 for tea resident (boarding) students, and about seventy day pupils, 
 'ihe course of study is divided into Junior, Intermediate and Senior 
 departments, and contemplates thorough instruction in all branches of 
 learning that may be essential to the pupil in after life, or that may add 
 to her accomplishments. It has always been the aim of the institution 
 to give pupils equal advantages in the German and English languages, 
 and special opportunities are now extended to boarding pupils in 
 acquiring the French language, there being two resident French 
 teachers. Pupils may enter the institute at any time. The faculty con- 
 sists of ten instructors. Mrs. Amelia Ende is principal. 
 
 St. Xavier's Academy is conducted as a boarding school for young 
 ladies only, and is in charge of the Sisters of Mercy. It was first 
 opened in 1846, and was incorporated in February, 1847. In August, 
 1873, several changes in location having previously been made, the 
 pre-ent splendid building, one of the handsomest devoted to educa- 
 tional purposes, on the corner of Wabash Avenue and Twenty-ninth 
 Street, was occupied. The course of study embraces the various 
 branches of solid and useful education. 
 
 The Chicago Manual Training School, Michigan Avenue and 
 Twenty- second Street, originated with an association of gentlemen 
 connected with the Commercial Club. It was incorporated in 1883, 
 and opened Feb. 4, 1884. Its object is to give instruction in mathe- 
 matics, drawing, and the English branches of a high school course, and 
 specially in the use of tools in shopwork of all kinds. The building 
 was erected by the association at a cost of $50,000. It is of pressed 
 red brick, five stories, and covers 80x100 feet of ground; and will 
 accommodate 300 pupils at study and work. The mechanical depart- 
 ment is equipped with benches, lathes, tools, forges, engine, etc., and 
 
214 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 the American Electrical Society's scientific library of nearly 500 vol- 
 umes has been placed in the school, and other valuable books of refer- 
 ence have been donated. 
 
 The Illinois Training School for Nurses was instituted in 1881. 
 The school occupies two wards in the County Hospital. Its object is 
 not only to furnish trained nurses for the sick and wounded, but also to 
 afford those who desire to become skilled nurses such facilities as will 
 open to them a self-supporting and honorable profession. Pupils are 
 required to undergo training for two years. The buildings and ground 
 known as the Nurses' Home, are located at 304 Honore Street. They 
 are the property of the society. The institution is supported by con- 
 tributions, annual subscriptions, services to the hospital, private nurs- 
 ing and membership fees. 
 
 The Illinois Industrial School for Girls was chartered January, 1877, 
 with a capital of $500 from the treasury of the disbanded Woman's 
 Centennial Association. Its board of directors is composed of men 
 and women from different parts of the state. It is located at South 
 Evanston in the old Soldiers' Home building, which was remodeled and 
 enlarged for the purpose. The specific object is the maintenance of a 
 home and training school for neglected, dependent and homeless 
 girls under eighteen years of age, until permanent homes and means of 
 support can be secured for them. Mrs. Helen M. Beveridge is president. 
 
 St. Mary's Training School for Boys is a Catholic institution under 
 the charge of the Christian Brothers, at Feehanville, Cook County. It 
 was incorporated under the present name in 1882, a farm of 440 
 acres was purchased, and suitable buildings were erected. The chil- 
 dren are given instruction in the mechanical arts and in the cultivation 
 of the soil. They are principally destitute and neglected boys, picked 
 up in the streets of the city. The institution now cares for about 400 
 children. There are also fifty Indian boys on the farm, sent from the 
 Stan ling Kock Keservation by the United States government. 
 
 The Chicago Athenaeum has its rooms at 48 to 54 Dearborn Street, 
 occupying the three upper stories. It has for its purpose intellectual 
 and physical training, and has become a recognized institution of the 
 highest educational value. It originated soon after the great fire, and 
 was the medium through which relief, to the amount of $175,000, was 
 bestowed upon the sufferers. It was then known as the Chicago Young 
 Mens Christian Union, but three years later the board of government 
 recognizing the need of practical educational work in a central location, 
 the name was changed to the Chicago Athenaeum. It includes day and 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 215 
 
 evening classes, also a gymnasium. All the instruction of the Mechanics 
 Institute is given here. The curriculum is comprehensive, and withal 
 notably practical. It includes drawing, music, elocution, mathematics, 
 Latin, penmanship, lectures on English and American literature, book- 
 keeping, short-hand and type-writing, French and German. It has a 
 day grammar school and also a business school open to both sexes. A 
 literary club, whose objects are the study oi' English literature, practice 
 in debating, parlia- 
 mentary usages, etc., 
 meets ever} 7 Saturday 
 evening. An employ- 
 ment bureau furnishes 
 clerks, mechanics, 
 short -hand reporters 
 and type - writers. 
 The Athenaeum is 
 wholly unsectarian, its 
 only condition of 
 membership being 
 that of good moral 
 character. The gym- 
 nasium is not the least 
 important feature of 
 the institution. It 
 occupies a room 90 X 
 80 feet and twenty- 
 seven feet high, well- 
 lighted and ventilated 
 and equipped with every desirable accessory to such a place. It has an 
 active membership of some GOO, and a total membership of nearly 800. 
 The number of people taught in the Athenaeum is about 1,000 a year, a 
 number very much greater than that of any academy or college in the 
 state. Financially it is flourishing, and full of promise for the future. 
 Mrs. Mancel Taleott has given $5,000 toward a permanent fund, also 
 $1,000 for the exclusive use of the library. The late Eli Bates left a 
 bequest of $10,000 toward the same fund. The board of directors of 
 which B. P. Moulton, Esq., is president, is composed of sixteen prom- 
 inent merchants and lawyers. A warm interest in the welfare of the 
 AthensRum is taken by the mercantile community. Edward I. Galvin 
 is superintendent, and Mr. Joseph Silvers, assistant superintendent. 
 
 The Chicago Athen/eum. 
 
216 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Rush Medical College is the oldest medical college in Chicago, and was 
 the first educational institution incorporated in the Northwest. It was 
 started in embryo in 1836 by Dr. Daniel Brainard, who for many years 
 led the medical faculty of the west. Dr. Brainard, with Dr. G. C. 
 Goodhue, of Bockford, 111., secured an act of incorporation which was 
 approved in 1837, but owing to the prevailing financial depression, the 
 college did not organize until 1843, when two sniall rooms were fitted 
 up on Clark Street, and a course of lectures delivered by the faculty, 
 consisting of Drs. Brainard, Knapp, Blaney and McLean. In 1844 
 some North Side citizens donated a lot on which was erected a building 
 costing $3,500. In 1855 this was remodeled and enlarged to accommo- 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL. 
 
 RUSH MEDICAL COLLEGE. 
 
 Rush Medical College. 
 
 date 250 students. In 1867 a new building was erected at a cost of about 
 $100,000, but, on the fated 9th of October, 1871, the structure, with 
 all its contents, disappeared in the flames. A temporary place was 
 secured for lectures in the old County Hospital, and later a temporary 
 structure was erected on Eighteenth Street. In 1875, the present 
 building, at the corner of Wood and Harrison Streets was finished and 
 occupied. It is one of the most complete institutions of the kind on 
 the continent. It has two lecture rooms, each with a seating capacity of 
 over 500 and thoroughly equipped. There are anatomical, physiolog- 
 ical, clinical and chemical departments. The Central Free Dispensary 
 is connected with the clinical department, and 2,000 cases are treated 
 annually in the County Hospital. The value of the college property is 
 about $125,000. The number of graduates per annum is about 175. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 217 
 
 The Presbyterian Hospital, mentioned in the chapter on " Charity and 
 Benevolence," was erected by the college, and then transferred to the 
 Presbyterian Hospital Society— the faculty remaining in professional 
 charge of the patients. The faculty is composed of twelve members. 
 J. Adams Allen, M. D., is president. 
 
 Hahnemann Medical College is the oldest homoeopathic college in 
 the Northwest. It was incorporated in 1855, and lecture rooms were 
 opened in 1859 at 168 Clark Street, with twenty-five students. The 
 college building, at 2813 Cottage Grove Avenue, was erected in 1870. 
 It is a brick structure with three stories and basement. The hospital 
 is in the rear, one block away. There are two terms each year — a win- 
 ter course, and a practitioner's course of six weeks in the spring. The 
 plan of instruction is largely clinical and objective, the college course 
 being the complement of the daily drill in the hospital. Female stu- 
 dents are admitted on the same terms as males. Many students come 
 from New York and New England to complete their course at this 
 institution. The faculty consists of seventeen professors. A. E. Small, 
 M. D., is president ; E. Ludlam, M. D., is dean. 
 
 The Chicago Medical College, corner of Prairie Avenue and Twenty- 
 sixth Street, was founded in 1859, as the medical department of Lind 
 University, but in 1864 it was incorporated as a separate institution, 
 and in 1869 it was adopted as the medical department of the North- 
 western University. Its founders were Drs. H. A. Johnson, N. S. Davis, 
 W. H. Byford, E. Andrews, R. N. Isham and David Rutter. It has a 
 practitioner's course, a regular three years' course, and a fourth year 
 for such as may desire to take it. The two large amphitheaters per- 
 mit of lectures to two classes at the same hour. The laboratories are 
 supplied with modern apparatus, and the museum contains an excep- 
 tionally large and useful collection. The college was the first in the 
 United States to adopt a full graded system of medical instruction, and 
 one of the first to require a fair standard of general education before 
 entering the college. N. S. Davis, M. D., LL. D., is dean of the faculty ; 
 Walter May, M. D., LL. D., is secretary, and E. Andrews, M. D., LL. D., 
 treasurer. 
 
 Bennett College of Eclectic Medicine and Surgery was inaugurated 
 in 1868, and chartered a year later. The school was opened on Kinzie 
 Street, between LaSalle and Fifth Avenue, with thirty students. The 
 second course was held at No. 180 East Washington Street, and was 
 interrupted, but only for a week, by the great fire. After moving once 
 or twice after the fire, a site was obtained at 511 and 513 State Street, 
 
218 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 on which was erected the present college building, a five -story struct- 
 ure, 40X100 feet, with accommodation for 250 students. Bennett 
 Hospital adjoins the college building in the rear. Ladies have been 
 admitted on the same terms as males, except during one or two sessions 
 of the school. The institution has graduated over 500 students. The 
 faculty consists of fifteen members. Prof. Milton Jay, M. D., is dean. 
 
 The Woman's Medical College of Chicago is located at 337 and 
 339 Lincoln Street, opposite the County Hospital. It owes its existence 
 largely to Dr. Wm. H. Byford, a local physician of eminence. It was 
 established in 1870, and is now on a permanent foundation, and owns 
 the brick building it occupies. There are a two and a three years' 
 course of study, and a select course in anatomy, physiology, chemistry, 
 or microscopy for ladies. The college is allopathic in its teachings, 
 and the only medical school in the West exclusively for women. The 
 faculty is composed of twenty-seven professors. W. H. Byford, A. M., 
 M. D., is president, and Charles W. Earle, M. D., is secretary. 
 
 The Chicago College of Pharmacy, 415 and 417 State Street, was 
 founded in 1859. The war interrupted its progress after two courses of 
 lectures had been given, and nothing further was done until 1869, 
 when operations were again resumed only to be suspended by the fire 
 of 1871. The next year contributions from druggists and friends, 
 amounting to four or five thousand dollars, and some books having 
 been sent in, the lectures were once more resumed, and have continued 
 without interruption. The new college building was erected during 
 the summer of 1884. It is a handsome brick structure, and one of the 
 best equipped pharmacy colleges in the country. The lecture hall on 
 the first floor has seating capacity for 400 persons. The museum, 
 library and experimental laboratory occupy the second floor, and the 
 third floor is fitted up with an extensive pharmaceutical laboratory. 
 The curriculum embraces chemistry, pharmacy, materia medica and 
 toxicology, and botany. The college stands third in the United States 
 in point of attendance. Thomas Whitfield is president ; S. L. Coffin, 
 secretary, and T. H. Patterson, treasurer. 
 
 The Chicago Dental Infirmary, Nos. 22 and 24 Adams Street, third 
 floor, was founded in 1882. Its purpose is to educate practitioners for 
 dental and oral surgery, to teach the science and art of dentistry to 
 medically educated students, and the treatment or extraction of teeth. 
 The institution is kept open the entire year for clinical instruction. 
 James A. Swasey is president ; Edgar D. Swain, treasurer; Thomas W. 
 Brophy, secretary. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 219 
 
 The Collegiate Department of the Chicago Dental Infirmary teaches 
 the science and art of dentistry to medically educated young men who 
 desire to practice that specialty. The degree of Doctor of Dental Sur- 
 gery is conferred only on men having a degree in medicine from col- 
 eges recognized by the Illinois State Board of Health. 
 
 The Chicago College of Physicians and Surgeons ( Allopathic), cor- 
 ner Harrison and Honore Streets, was organized in 1881. The build- 
 ing is a splendid stone structure four stories in height, with a tower 
 100 feet high. The architecture is the Queen Anne style. The amphi- 
 theater seats 475. The curriculum of the college is comprehensive. 
 It is adapted to a two or three years' course. The faculty consists 
 of thirty professors, lecturers and demonstrators. A. Eeeves Jackson, 
 M. D., is piesident; D. A. K. Steele, M. D., is secretary; Leonard 
 St. John, M. D., is treasurer. 
 
 The Theological Schools are as follows : The Chicago Theological 
 Seminary (Congregational) was founded in 1858. It occupies Carpen- 
 ter & King's Halls and Hammond Library, corner Ashland and Warren 
 Avenues. The library contains 6.000 volumes. The Presbyterian 
 Theological Seminary of the Northwest, North Halsted Street and Ful- 
 lerton Avenue, is the successor to a seminary originally established 
 at Hanover, Ind., in 1830, removed to New Albany. Ind., in 1840, and 
 to Chicago in 1859 on the offer of the late Cyrus H. McCormick 
 to donate $100,000 for the endowment of four professorships. The 
 buildings are spacious and handsome and the library con ains 10,000 
 volumes. The Baptist Theological Seminary was organized in Chicago 
 in 1865, and removed to Morgan Park in 1877. It has a Swedish de- 
 partment in which instruction is given in the Swedish language. 
 The library, including the Huegestenberg and Ide collections, com- 
 prises about 20,000 volumes. The property is valued at $300,000. 
 The Garrett Biblical Institute (Methodist Episcopal), occupies build- 
 ings erected on the grounds of the Northwestern University at a cost of 
 $60,000. It was founded on a bequest of $300,000 worth of property 
 by Mrs. Eliza Garrett. The Swedish Theological Seminary is under 
 the supervision of the Northwestern Swedish M. E. Conference. It is 
 exclusively a school for young men from the M. E. church. It was 
 founded at Galesburg. 111., in 1868, but removed to its present con- 
 nection with Northwestern University in 1882. 
 
 The Chicago Mechanics' Institute was chartered in 1 843. Its object 
 is the diffusion of knowledge and information throughout the mechan- 
 ical classes, and the formation of a library and museum for the benefit 
 
220 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 of mechanics. It does all its educational work through the Athe- 
 n£eum. Individual instruction is given through the classes of the 
 AthenaBum to mechanics and their children who are unable to pay for 
 their tuition. The course of instruction includes reading, writing, 
 arithmetic geometry, and a complete course of free-hand and mechan- 
 ical drawing. The average number of attendants during the past three 
 years has been 140. This institute is a most valuable one, and is fully 
 deserving of the sympathy and cordial support of the public. George 
 C. Prussing is president ; Murry Nelson, treasurer ; Jos. Silvers, libra- 
 rian, and John Wilkinson, auditor. 
 
 Schools not heretofore specially mentioned embrace every depart- 
 ment of instruction, and are nearly all private enterprises. Many of 
 the churches and charitable and benevolent institutions maintain gen- 
 eral or industrial schools or kindergartens— see chapters on "Eeligious 
 Organizations " and " Charity and Benevolence." Morgan Park Military 
 Academy is located at Morgan Park, as is also the Chicago Female Col- 
 lege, and the society of the American Institute of Hebrew, but are 
 properly classed as Chicago institutions. Unity Church Industrial 
 School has recently moved into its new building on Elm Street. 
 
 Music Schools are numerous, but all of a private character. The 
 leading music schools are the Chicago Musical College, Central Music 
 Hall ; School of Lyric and Dramatic Art, Weber Music Hall ; Hershey 
 School of Musical Art, Hershey Music Hall. 
 
 The Art Schools are mentioned in the chapter on "Arts and Sci- 
 ences." 
 
 The Private Schools, by which term all schools in the city, except 
 public schools under the charge of the Board of Education, may be 
 designated, numbered in May (1884) 156, with 33,874 pupils, as fol- 
 lows : Kindergartens, 26— with 626 female and 511 male pupils and 
 69 teachers; parochial, 73— wi'h 15,036 female and 13.463 male 
 pupils and 442 teachers ; business colleges, 4— with 293 female and 
 748 male pupils and 37 teachers ; all others, 57— with 2,274 female 
 and 1,923 male pupils and 302 teachers. 
 
^hc ,-Sibraries. 
 
 THE OLD AND NEW LIBRARIES, THE READING ROOMS, AND THE 
 PRIVATE BOOK COLLECTIONS. 
 
 BEFORE the great fire of 1871 the principal libraries of the city 
 were those of the Young Men's Association and of the Historical 
 Society. The Yonng Men's Association was organized in 1841, and 
 proceeded at once to make the first successful associated effort to 
 establish a library in Chicago, and at the time of the conflagration 
 had accumulated about 16,000 volumes, which were destroyed. The 
 institution seems to have then and there received its death-blow, as it 
 has never since been revived. There were several large collections of 
 books on historical and other special subjects, owned by private indi- 
 viduals, but the two named were the only libraries open to general 
 access. There was no public library, supported as a municipal institu- 
 tion by public taxation, and free to all. 
 
 The Public Library was originated by Thomas Hughes, M. P., of 
 London, the well-known English author, soon after the great fire. Mr. 
 Hughes issued an appeal to publishers, authors, librarians and others 
 throughout Great Britain, asking for donations of books for the estab- 
 lishment of a free public library in Chicago, and in a short time more 
 than 7,000 volumes were received in response to the appeal. The 
 British Museum gave copies of all of its own publications, with other 
 spare volumes, and its example was followed by Oxford University, 
 the Commissioner of Patents, the Master of the Rolls and the leading 
 English publishers, authors and owners of libraries. The Queen her- 
 self sent, " as a mark of English sympathy," a copy of her book on " The 
 Early Life of the Prince Consort." At a public meeting Jan. 8, 1872, 
 it was determined to make the library a public institution. A commit- 
 tee was appointed to draft a bill giving the city the authority to estab- 
 lish and maintain it, and the legislature promptly passed the measure. 
 While the institution was taking on the form of organization, the books 
 were temporarily placed in the immense iron tank at the corner of 
 Adams and LaSalle Streets, which was formerly a part of the water- 
 works. A reading room was opened there in January, 1873. Early in 
 
222 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 1874 library rooms were procured at the corner of Wabash Avenue and 
 Madison Street. For public use the library Avas divided into two 
 departments — the circulating department, from which books can be 
 taken out under proper regulations, and the reference department, in 
 which the books are open for examination, but are not allowed to be 
 taken from the building. The circulating department was opened to 
 the public May 1, 1874, the total number of volumes in the library at 
 that time being 17,355. In May, 1875, the library was removed to 
 the rooms now occupied on the third and fourth floors of the building at 
 the corner of Dearborn and Lake Streets. But the library has already out- 
 grown the capacity of the room , which are in almost every way unsuit- 
 able for library purposes. Branch deliveries have been established at 
 154 Twenty-second Street and 479 South Halsted Street, and arrange- 
 ments have been made for locating another in the West Side and one 
 in the North Side. The following statistics for the year 1883-4 may 
 give the reader an idea of the work of this library : Number of books, 
 106,341 ; expended for new books, $12,995.86 ; circulation, 429,313 ; 
 borrowers registered, 12,609 ; visitors to the reference department, 
 59,606; visitors to reading-room, 603,302 ; periodicals on file, 284; 
 newspapers on file, 141 ; cost of serials, $1,797.72 ; salary account, 
 $25,159.43. Wm. F. Poole, formerly librarian of the Cincinnati Public 
 Library, and previously of the Boston Athenaeum, has been librarian 
 since 1873. 
 
 The Chicago Historical Society was organized in 1856. The first 
 secretary and librarian was Bev. W. H. Barry. Nearly 100,000 volumes 
 of books and a very large accumulation of manuscripts relating to the 
 traditions and early settlement of Illinois, and a vast amount of valu- 
 able information concerning the civil war, including much that was 
 rare and not otherwise obtainable, was secured and in the possession of 
 the society before the great fire, and all was lost. Immediately after 
 the fire, many collections were forwarded to the society from Europe 
 and other sources, and reached here in time to be consumed by the 
 fire of July, 1874. In the summer of 1877 money was raised to put 
 up the present building, which was first occupied Oct. 15, 1877, with 
 a collection of 703 bound and 998 unbound volumes and pamphlets. 
 The building is located at 140 and 142 Dearborn Avenue. It is a plain 
 brick structure, 40X60 feet, one story in height, and is but poorly 
 adapted to the uses of the society. The library now comprises 
 about 9.000 volumes and 28.000 pamphlets, including files of 
 the daily newspapers ; a splendid collection of the histories of the 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 223 
 
 various counties of the northwest ; over 100 volumes of manuscripts 
 and manuscript letters, including the extensive collection made by 
 Hon. E. B. Washburne during his long political life. The latter are 
 kept in Mr. Washburne's private vault. There is also in the possession 
 of the society every printed report of Massachusetts relating to agri- 
 culture, since 1837, and all the educational reports of that state for 
 forty-five years ; the reports of the asylum of the blind since February, 
 1829, which includes a report on the discovery of raised, printed let- 
 ters for the use of the blind ; and most of the reports of the charitable, 
 reformatory and religious institutions of the same state since 1847. The 
 historical matter relative to the early history of the northwest is very 
 complete. There are portraits in oil of Gen. Grant, Columbus, Vespucius, 
 Gen. Henry Dearborn, Edward Coles, the third governor of Illinois, 
 Peter Menard, first lieut. -governor, W. B. Ogden, first mayor of Chi- 
 cago, John Wentworth, John B. Bice, J. Y. Scammon, and others. The 
 society owns 120x131 feet on the corner of Dearborn Avenue and 
 Ontario Street, where the present building stands. It has had a fund 
 of $62,000 bequeathed to it by Henry D. Gilpin, of Philadelphia, and 
 another of $13,500 left by Miss Lucretia Pond, the income from which 
 is to be devoted to the purchase of books, maps and historical paint- 
 ings. The library rooms are open every day except Sunday for the 
 benefit of the public. Elihu B. Washburne is president ; Albert D. Ha- 
 ger, secretary and librarian ; Henry N. Nash, treasurer. 
 
 The Union Catholic Library was established April 12, 1869, by a 
 body of young men who formed a Catholic association for the purpose. 
 It was first located in rooms in Oriental Block on LaSalle Street, and 
 afterward in Kent Building on Monroe Street. The entire collection, 
 except about 100 volumes, was burned in the fire of 1871. After the 
 fire, rooms were secured in Pike Building on State Street, and a new 
 collection begun. The library now contains about 3.000 volumes, and 
 embraces books in all departments, save such as may conflict with the 
 Catholic religion. The rooms of the association— consisting of suitable 
 library rooms and a hall suitable for lecture and other entertainments 
 — are in Honore Building, 204 Dearborn Street. They were occupied 
 May 1, 1880. The association now has about 460 members. Joseph 
 E. Elder is libra- ian. 
 
 The Chicago Law Institute Library belongs to the Chicago Law Insti- 
 tute, which was organized for the purpose of establishing a law li- 
 brary. It is located in handsome and commodious rooms on the fourth 
 floor of the new county court-house. The institute was incorporated 
 
224 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 in 1857, mainly through the efforts of Hon. Elliott Anthony, the char- 
 ter being modeled upon the charter of the New York Law Institute. 
 The debris of an old law library were purchased and at the time of the 
 great fire in October, 1871, the library contained about 7,000 vol- 
 umes, valued at $50,000. After the fire the work of reconstruction 
 was promptly begun, and rapidly carried forward. The library was 
 moved into its present quarters May 2, 1881. It now comprises about 
 16,000 volumes, and is noted as bei_g one of the finest collections 
 of legal works in the United States. 
 
 The Chicago Athenaeum, 50 Dearborn Street, maintains a reading 
 room and library for the benefit of its members. The reading room is 
 provided with all the Chicago daily and several of the weekly papers, 
 also the leading monthly magazines, and is open daily from 8 a. m. to 
 9: 45 p. M. The library contains 1,050 volumes. During the past year 
 300 volumes of choice reference books and standard literature were 
 added. 
 
 The Young Men's Christian Association Library, No. 148 Madison 
 Street, comprises about 3,600 volumes, for the use of the members of 
 the association. The reading room, supplied with daily papers, maga- 
 zines and leading periodicals, is open to all. 
 
 The Private Libraries of Chicago include some of the most valuable 
 collections west of the Alleghenies, both as to rarity and condition of 
 the books collected. Some of the most noted collections have been 
 made by E. G. Asay, Esq., a well-known lawyer, an unerring judge of 
 works of value, and an untiring searcher after copies of rareness and 
 exceptional worth. He was the pioneer book collector of the city, and 
 at the present time is engaged mainly in accumulating works of the 
 Elizabethan literature. He has now a library of nearly 1,800 volumes, 
 including Shaksperian works, fine art works, and some famous illustrated 
 copies. Many of these works are worthy of special mention. Among 
 others, he has a set of Robert Burns extended from six to twelve vol- 
 umes, with extra illustrations consisting of portraits and views, and in- 
 cluding much other valuable matter, among which are twenty original 
 songs and ballads in the autograph of the poet, and forty-seven letters 
 by members of the Burns family. There is also a Shakspere extended 
 from fifteen to thirty- six volumes by the addition of portraits, plates, 
 drawings, water-colors, autographs and letters, among which is a letter 
 written by Elizabeth to Henry of France ; one by Bacon, and a large 
 number commenting on Shakspere. There is a Moliere which is ex- 
 tended from six to twelve volumes with plates, portraits, and drawings ; 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 225 
 
 and an edition of Scott extended from twelve to twenty-six volumes. 
 A particularly valuable work is Lubke's History of Art, extended from 
 two to six volumes by the addition of several hundred proof-plates. 
 He has recently acquired a complete set of John Payne Collier's re- 
 prints. In addition to these, Mr. Asay has over one hundred very 
 costly books on vellum; Don Quixote extended from six to eight- 
 een volumes by the insertion of all the known illustrations, as well as 
 the original drawings by Stothard. A Walton & Cotton's Angler is 
 among the collection, which has been extended to six volumes by 
 the addition of 430 plates. He has a set by Motley in which is a num- 
 ber of scenes of the period of the Spanish war, and a set of Prescott 
 which contains, among other extra illustrations, a very curious doc- 
 ument signed by Ferdinand and Isabella. The collection possessed by 
 Mr. Asay represents a labor extending over a generation. Mr. George 
 Armour probably has the most valuable private library in the city. It 
 contains over 2,000 volumes, among which are very rare and unique 
 works. In the main, the collection is made up of modern works, which 
 are distinguished for the beauty of their paper, type, illustrations, and 
 binding. He has also a very valuable collection of etchings. Mr. E. 
 B. McCagg has a fine and valuable library of a practical character. 
 Mr. Perry H. Smith's library contains over 1,200 volumes, a great por- 
 tion of Avhich is devoted to the first Napoleon and his deeds and 
 times. N. Q. Pope, Esq., has a library of over 2,500 volumes, inclu- 
 sive of 400 books of rare old plays of the Seventeenth Century. Many 
 of his books are superbly illustrated, and there are 500 volumes of old 
 English literature, which include many volumes of the collection of 
 the Duke of Hamilton, the collection of A. H. Griswold, New York, and 
 other noted collectors. He has a remarkable Chaucer which was once 
 in the possession of the Duke of Sussex ; an uncut folio of Beaumont 
 and Fletcher, and original editions of Walton's Anglers, Spenser, Green, 
 and Marlow, together with a perfect first -folio Shakspere, 1623. 
 Many of his books are in fine bindings, by Bedford, Roger Paine, Be- 
 viere Matthews, and other noted binders. The collection of L. Z. 
 Leiter is large, valuable, and made up largely of Americana and spec- 
 imens of Elizabethan literature. John A. Bice once had what was 
 claimed to be the largest collection of Americana in the United States. 
 He is now at work on a library which is intended to be a very fine one. 
 D. W. Irwin has a fine collection, which also includes a fine set of Dib- 
 dens. Mark Skinner has a large collection of rare American historical 
 works. Henry Willing has an excellent collection of English litera- 
 ls 
 
226 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ture and illustrated works. James B. Runnion has one of the finest 
 collections of plays in the country, to which he is constantly adding. 
 There are many other private libraries in the city, quite a number of 
 which contain rare and valuable books. The collections here given 
 represent a cash value of fully a half million of dollars. 
 
 Other Libraries, of both a general and special character, are numer- 
 ous. Several of the public schools, and nearly all the private educa- 
 tional institutions (see chapter on " Educational Institutions") of impor- 
 tance, have good libraries— notably the University of Chicago, the 
 Northwestern University, St. Ignatius College, Allen Academy, the 
 medical colleges, the theological seminaries, and many Sunday schools, 
 churches and church societies, and charitable institutions, as well as 
 various scientific, social and religious organizations. Some of these, 
 owing to their special character, are quite valuable. Among the lead- 
 ing libraries not already specially referred to in this chapter, are those 
 of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, 1,000 volumes and 1,500 pam- 
 phlets ; Dearborn Observatory, 1,000 volumes ; Chicago Medical Press 
 Association, 188 Clark Street ; State Microscopical Society; American 
 Electrical Society— library at Chicago Manual Training School; Svea 
 Society (Swedish), 1,600 volumes; Plattsdeuchen Verein, Low Dutch ; 
 Chicago Turngemeinde, 3,000 volumes, mostly German ; Irish- Amer- 
 ican Club ; Dania Society. The Art Institute has recently begun the 
 collection of works on art. The society for the Home Teaching of the 
 Blind, No. 10 Arcade Court, has 300 volumes in raised letters. The 
 Board of Trade has a library of 300 volumes ; the Young Men's Hebrew 
 Society, 3,000 volumes ; the College of Pharmacy, 5,000 volumes. 
 
 Gustav Hinstorff, No. 48 Dearborn Street, presents an extensive 
 catalogue of German publications. His list embraces the best selections 
 from every department of authorship, approved by cultivated German 
 taste and judgment. It includes all the classic publications in the lan- 
 guage, and the most popular productions of modern German thought 
 and research in the realms of science, art, mechanics, music, philos- 
 ophy, statesmanship, war, belles-lettres, law, medicine, theology, biog- 
 raphy, travel, education — indeed, the whole range of creative, descrip- 
 tive, polemic and didactic literature. The educational department 
 contains not only the best text books from the primary to the highest 
 grades, but all the accessories, such as maps, globes, instruments, etc. 
 Hundreds of the standard works of French and English teachers and 
 authors, which have been translated into German, are found in this and 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 227 
 
 other departments. Mr. Hinstorff was one of the best known of the old 
 German court booksellers and publishers of Wismar, Eostock and 
 Ludwigslust, and through his publication of the works of Fritz Eeuter, 
 the famous German poet and novelist, gained a world-wide reputation. 
 Consequently, when he succeeded Wm. Floto in the present establish- 
 ment March 1, 1883, he brought to it a knowledge acquired by expe- 
 rience which has enabled him to command the lead in the German book 
 trade of Chicago and the West. 
 He also has a fine exhibit of steel, 
 wood and other engravings from 
 the hands of the most noted artists, 
 and has special facilities for procur- 
 ing such as may not be on hand. In 
 addition to the extensive display of 
 educational publications and school 
 matt rials of all kinds, he has a com- 
 plete and attractive supply of sta- 
 tionery and blank books, for which 
 the house has a large demand. In 
 current publications Mr. Hinstorff 
 receives the latest and freshest, 
 from the hebdomadal issues of En- 
 gland, France and Germany, to the Gustav hinstorff, 48 deareorn St. 
 newest works of the most noted authors. The house also carries a 
 large assortment of lithographers' materials, including stones, ink, instru- 
 ments, etc. The book-binding and printing departments in connection 
 with the house have every facility for satisfactorily executing all work in 
 those lines. The building is a spacious and handsome stone front 
 structure, with the office and salesroom on the main floor, which is con- 
 stantly thronged with visitors and purchasers. 
 
 (5 « ft a U £i n ft o r ff, 48 dearborn ©trafce, ghnfdjen 9?anbotyT) u. Safe, 
 erfdjeint mtt etrtem Catalog bon beutfdjen SBerlagSttierten, tnelrfjcr fitr bie 
 grofje beutfdje 53et>6Ifernng Chicago's Don gan^ fae^iefler SBebeutung Iff. ®er= 
 felbe umfafct bie gebtegenfte nnb *ugletd) boUftanbigfte 2hi§toaf)l bon SBerfen 
 nu§ alien ®ebieten ber umfangrr tdjen beutfdjen Stteratur. (Si enttjatt mcfyt 
 aflein fammtlidje beutfcr)e Klaffifer in ben tterfefyiebenften 9Ut§gaben, fonbern 
 ebenfotoofyl bie potmlarften (£rftf)einungen beutfdjer ftorfdjung nnb beutfdien. 
 $enfen§ anf alien (Mueten ber SBiffenfdjaft, ftunft, Xecbni!, 9Jhtfif, P)ilofo- 
 pfye, ©taatSttuffenfdjaft, triegSiuefen, SBettetnftif, ®efe£e§tunbe, SKebtjin, 
 
228 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Stjeologie, Xnpograptjie, Dfoifen, @rgiel)ung unb Unterridjt, mit Gjinfdjlufj ber 
 bebeutenben fcpfcferifdjen, befdjreibenben, tritifdjen unb belefyrenben £itera= 
 tur. SDie 5lbtt»eitung fiir Sefyrmittel entfydlt nicfyt oEein bie onerfonnt beften 
 Xejtbiidjer bon ber einfadjen gibel bi§ gu ben pdjften ©tufen, fonbern oud) 
 afle §ulf§mittel §u einem metfyobifdjen Unterrid)te, trie 2ltlonten, Sonbfarten, 
 ®toben, ^nftrumente u. f. to. ^unberte oon ben fyeroorragenbften SBerfen, 
 fran^ofifdier unb englifdjer ©eler)rten, ©djriftftetlcr unb $dbagogen finben 
 fid) tn oortrefflidjer beutfdjer Ueberfe^ungen fomorjl in ber le^teren, tuie in 
 oielen anberen Slbtfyeihmgen bor. £>err ^tnftorff ift 2ftitbcfi£er ber bortt)eil= 
 ^art befannten §infiorfffd)en §ofbud)I)GnbIung in SBumar, tueldje fid) 
 burdj bie ^ubtitotion ber gri| SReuter'fdjen SBerfe eineu SSeltruf ertr>or= 
 ben fyat. ^n biefer ©telluug ftanb it)m bei ber im aftdrg 1883 erfolgten 
 Uebernoljme ber gloto'fdjen $udjt)onblung jene tnelfeitige ©rfafyrung unb 
 ^odjfemttnifj gu ©ebote, roeldje it»n in ben ©tonb fe^ten, biefe§ ®efd)dft gur 
 tonangebenben beutfct)en s £udjf)anblung (£t)icogo'3 unb bc§ gongen 28eften§ 
 cmbor§uarbeiten. 
 
 £n SSerbinbung mtt bent ouSgebetynten (Stobltffement ftefyt eine retdje 
 ©ommlung Don Shtnftbldttern in ©tofylftid), Bttilogrobfyie, $t)otogrobf)ie u. f. 
 m., lueldje t)on ben bcriifjmteften 9fteifiern afler $eiten fyerborgegangen finb, 
 unb feine au§gebefynten bireften $erbinbungen ermdglid)en ifjnt audj bie xa* 
 fd)e unb bortfyeilfyoftefte §erbeifcboffung bon ©egenftdnben biefer 2lrt, toddje 
 atlfdttig nidjt auf Soger fein follten. 
 
 Slufjer bent umfongreidjen ©ortintent bon Sefyrmitteln unb ©djulmoterio* 
 lien, fiifyrt £err £>inftorff ein boflftdiibigeg unb gctt)dt)Ite§ Soger bon 6d)reib= 
 unb 3 e ^ neTtrna t er i a ^ en un ^ <^cfcI;QH£biid}ern, fiir toeldje ©begiolitdten fein 
 <pau§ ein fid) beftdnbig ertneiternbcS 2Ibfo£feIb gercinnt. $n literorifdjen^o^ 
 bitdten treffen tdglid) bie neuefttn unb bebeutenbften (£rfd)einnngen bon bent, 
 burd) bie SToge§fragen tyerbrrgerufencn ^oirbf)Ict b\§> gu ben neueften 2Berlen 
 ber tjeroorrogenbften unb befrebteften Slutfjoren, bom englifdjen, frangofifdjen 
 unb beutfdjen 23udjcrmorfte ein. Tie ®efd)dft£rdume finb in bent grofcen 
 unb ftattltdjen funfftodigen ©teingebdube be§ " Chicago Athenaeum" un= 
 tergebradjt. $n bent ©ebdube nebenan befinbet fid) bie offentlidje SBibliotfjef, 
 unb ouf ber entgegcngefe^tcn ©e;te ber Strode bo§ Tremont House. ®ie 
 uiitbent ©efd)dfte in SSerbinbung flefjenbe SBucbbinberei unb Truderei foroie 
 bie unter fbegieGer Seitung ftet)enbe SIbtfycilung 3J?oterioI fiir Sttljo* 
 gvovben (©teine, gorben, ^nftrumente etc.) ocrbienen ebenfoll^ ertt)dl)nt §u 
 toerben. 
 
THE ART AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS, AND THE PRIVATE 
 ART COLLECTIONS. 
 
 THE aspirations as well as the progress of Chicago in the higher 
 walks of culture are well illustrated in the numerous organizations 
 which may be considered schools of art and science. And the archi- 
 tectural splendor of many of her buildings, the scenery of her parks 
 and boulevards, her high standard of musical effort, a d her liberal 
 patronage of all that is improving and elevating, are among the many 
 tangible results of cultivation in these lines. 
 
 The Art Institute, formerly known as the Chicago Academy of Fine 
 Arts, was incorporated May 29, 1879, and is now located in a hand- 
 some brick building at the corner of Michigan Avenue and Van Buren 
 Street — the property of the association. Nearly all the art societies in 
 the city occupy rooms in the building, or in some way make it their 
 headquarters. It may, in fact, be termed the home of art in Chicago. 
 The land, 54X170 feet, with the building originally upon it, cost $45,- 
 000, but an addition was built to the Van Buren Street front at a cost of 
 $22,000. The objects are to maintain schools of art and design, form 
 art collections, and generally to promote art culture. The members 
 are of two classes, viz : Governing and Annual. Upon the first named 
 class, numbering at present 104, devolves the general management 
 of the affairs of the institute. They pay an initiation fee of $100 and 
 annual dues of $10. The annual members, numbering over 300, are 
 entitled to all the privileges of the institute except the right to 
 vote and to fill the office of trustee. The institute has a bonded debt 
 of $60,000 amply secured by mortgage on real estate. Annual loan 
 exhibitions of paintings, statuary, bric-a-brac, etc., are given, and the 
 galleries, filled with loan objects of various kinds, are kept open 
 throughout the year. In 1883 there were about 15,000 visitors to the 
 exhibitions. The only acquisitions thus far made toward a perma- 
 nent collection are two paintings — '•' The Beheading of John the Bap- 
 tist," by Charles Sprague Pearce, and " Les Amateurs," by T. Alexander 
 Harrison. A leading feature of the institute is the School of In- 
 
 229 
 
230 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 struction, which has now been in operation for five years and which 
 will compare favorably with any similar school in the country. It has 
 been self-supporting for two years. The receipts for the year 1883 
 were $6,588 ; expenditures, $6,539. The classes are divided into Cos- 
 
 Art Institute, Michigan Avenue and Van Buren Street. 
 
 tume Model, Nude Life, Painting from Still Life, Water Color. Drawing 
 from the Flat and Cast, Composition. Perspective, Artistic Anatomy, 
 Saturday Sketching, Evening Life, Evening Antique. The fall term in- 
 cludes the time between October 1 and December 22 ; the winter term 
 from January 2 to March 22; and the spring term from March 31 
 to June 21. A matriculation fee of $2 is required, which is applied to 
 the purchase of books for the library open to all students. For a full 
 term, every day each week, the fee is $25. Evening Life Class, $10 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 231 
 
 per term, or $4 per month ; Evening Antique Class, $6 per term, or $3 
 per month ; Children's Class, $10 per term of two days a week, or $6 
 for one day. At the close of each term an exhibition of students' 
 work is held, and prizes are awarded at the close of the school year. 
 C. L. Hutchinson, president ; Edson Keith, vice-president ; L. J. Gage, 
 treasurer ; N. H. Carpenter, secretary. 
 
 The Chicago Society of Decorative Art occupies rooms in the Art 
 Institute. In its sales -rooms are displayed collections of works of art 
 appropriate for decorative purposes. The working department of the 
 society is in rooms especially arranged for the purpose. The society 
 was organized May 24, 1877, its objects being to create a desire for 
 artistic decoration and for the best methods of ornamentation ; to pro- 
 vide training in artistic industries and enable decorative artists to ren- 
 der their labors remunerative. Any person may become a member by 
 the annual payment of $5. There are now about 200 members. The 
 society maintains classes, and gives private lessons in embroidery. 
 Pupils are admitted free for two months, when there is a demand for 
 additional assistance to do the work. Exhibitions are held annually. 
 The society also receives consignments from abroad, which are dis- 
 played for sale in the sales-rooms. Mrs. John N. Jewitt is president ; 
 Mrs. Clinton Locke is recording secretary ; Mrs. McGuire, correspond- 
 ing secretary ; Mrs. John A. Yale, treasurer. 
 
 The Chicago Art League occupies rooms in the building of the Art 
 Institute. It was organized in March, 1879, its objects being to benefit 
 the artists of Chicago, and to furnish a meeting place for the general 
 discussion of art by its members. There are now twenty members, all 
 young professional artists. Candidates for membership must submit a 
 study in color, from nature. The initiation fee is $5, and the monthly 
 dues fifty cents. Annual exhibitions are given in the galleries of the 
 Art Institute. J. H. Vanclerpoel is president ; S. Wilder, secretary ; 
 J. L. Schlanders, treasurer. 
 
 The Bohemian Art Club was organized in 1880, and occupies rooms 
 in the building of the Art Institute. It aims to promote mutual im- 
 provement and good feeling among local artists. Its members consist 
 of ladies only. Candidates for membership are required to submit an 
 original drawing or sketch from nature. The initiation fee is $3. At 
 present there are twenty-three active and three honorary members. 
 Annual exhibitions are held in the galleries of the Art Institute. Mrs. 
 Theo. Shaw is president ; Miss Emma L. Trip, treasurer ; Miss Eva 
 Webster, secretary. 
 
232 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The Chicago Pottery Club consists of twenty ladies interested in 
 ceramic art. It was organized Feb. 27, 1883, and incorporated with a 
 capital stock of $2,000. A cottage at No. 795 West Congress Street 
 was leased, two kilns were erected and an efficient potter was employed. 
 Kecently the club sold the kilns and rented the property to Mr. Joseph 
 Bailey, who now executes the work of the members. There is also a 
 studio at the pottery, conducted by Mrs. V. B. Jenkins, where pupils 
 are received and given instruction. Annual receptions of the club are 
 held at the Art Institute. Mrs. Philo King is president ; Mrs. V. B. 
 Jenkins, treasurer ; Mrs. John B. Jeffrey, secretary. 
 
 The Illinois Art Association was incorporated Sept. 15, 1882, for 
 the purpose of collecting, exhibiting and distributing works of art. It 
 has about 100 members, and a capital stock of $25,000. It holds 
 annual exhibitions in November, and has also held one black-and-white 
 exhibition. The association owns about twenty fine paintings by local 
 and foreign artists, valued at about $12,000. The principal pictures 
 are two hunting scenes by Philip Wormermann ; a portrait by Gilbert 
 Stuart ; a large painting by A. Achilles Glesenti, said to be his most 
 important work; and "Disputed Property," by L. C. Earle. It occu- 
 pies rooms in the Illinois Club building at No. 154 South Ashland Ave- 
 nue. The exhibitions and collections are open only to members of the 
 association and invited guests. Jos. M. Kogers is president, and S. P. 
 McConnell, secretary. 
 
 Art Collections of considerable interest and value are owned by a 
 number of citizens, some of them consisting only of pictures, while 
 others include statuary. Among the fortunate possessors of such col- 
 lections are : L. Z. Leiter, N. Q. Pope, Henry Field, J. Bussell Jones, 
 Marshall Field, Samuel Nickerson, Geo. M. Pullman, Charles M. Hen- 
 derson, Mrs. "W. H. Stickney, E. B. Washburn, McGregor Adams, 
 Geo. A. Armour, Phil. Armour, E. G. Asay. 
 
 The Chicago Academy of Sciences occupies a five-story brick build- 
 ing in the rear of buildings at 263 and 265 Wabash Avenue, the entrance 
 to its rooms being through a long hallway opening on the avenue. It 
 has a library of over 2,000 volumes, reading rooms, and a museum 
 exhibiting a cramped display of about 30,000 specimens of living and 
 extinct species, minerals, etc., besides a large variety of interesting and 
 valuable material that cannot be shown for want of room. The insti- 
 tution was founded in 1857, and incorporated in 1859. Its first im- 
 portant collection was a large number of specimens gathered by Mr. 
 

 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 233 
 
 Robert Kennicott, in an expedition to the Arctic regions. Mr. Kenni- 
 cott was made the first director of the museum, but died on an expedi- 
 tion to Alaska, and Dr. Stimson, of the Smithsonian Institute, was 
 appointed to his place, bringing with him a fine collection of inverte- 
 brates taken by himself in Japanese waters. These and many other 
 valuable collections were destroyed by the fire of 1871, including the 
 Smithsonian collection of Crustacea, said to have been the finest in the 
 world. Dr. Edmund Andrews, M. D., LL. D., is president. 
 
 Dearborn Observatory originated in a movement inaugurated in the 
 winter of 1862, by gentlemen connected with the Chicago University, 
 to establish an astronomical observatory in this city. Subscriptions were 
 secured and a telescope, at that time the largest refractor in the world, 
 was purchased in January, 1863, from Alvin Clark, the noted lens manu- 
 facturer of Cambridge, Mass., for $11,187 for the glass and $7,000 for 
 the mounting. The instrument has an aperture of 18% inches and a 
 focal length of twenty-three feet. The subscribers to the fund organ- 
 ized in November, 1863, as the Chicago Astronomical Society, with 
 Hon. J. Y. Scammon as president. The telescope was mounted and 
 ready for use in April, 1866. The tower is ninety feet high, and the 
 center of the telescope about 685 feet above sea level, in 40° 50' 1" 
 north latitude, and 10° 33' 40.4" west longitude from the Washington 
 meridian. There is also a transit telescope near the tower, the axis of 
 which is 612f feet above sea level. The tower is located on the west 
 side of the Chicago University buildings. Prof. Truman H. Safford, of 
 Harvard Observatory, was the first director of Dearborn Observatory. In 
 1868 a meridian circle was purchased at a cost of $5,000. In 1874 
 Elias Colbert was chosen director. In June, 1875, the Astronomical 
 Society was reorganized, and in May, 1879, the present director, Prof. 
 G. "W. Hough, of Dudley University, N. Y., was appointed. The equip- 
 ment and work of this observatory has caused it to rank among the 
 leading observatories of the world. In the spring of 1882, Mr. Scam- 
 mon resigned his presidency of the astronomical society, after occupy- 
 ing that position for nearly twenty years. Dr. Hosmer A. Johnson was 
 elected to the vacancy. C. H. S. Mixer is secretary. 
 
 The Philosophical Society was organized Oct. 12, 1873, and owes 
 its existence largely to the efforts of Rev. H. W. Thomas, D. D. The 
 object is to foster a love of philosophy and the discussion of its princi- 
 ples. There are about 200 members, of both sexes. Regular meetings 
 are held at Apollo Hall every Saturday evening. At these meetings 
 papers are read and discussed, the subjects being limited to Natural 
 
234 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Science, Speculative Philosophy, Current History, Moral Philosophy 
 and Social Science. Sidney Thomas is president ; E. T.Cahill, secretary. 
 
 The Illinois Social Science Association occupies Room 35, No. 99 
 Washington Street. It was organized in October, 1877, for the dis- 
 cussion and treatment of all questions pertaining to social science, 
 including philanthropy, domestic economy, woman suffrage and the 
 improvement of the condition of humanity. The active membership is 
 composed entirely of women, men being admitted only as associate 
 members. Kegular meetings are held monthly, from September to 
 May, at the club rooms of the Sherman House. The annual meeting 
 partakes of the character of a convention, and generally continues 
 for several days. Mrs. Helen E. Starrett, is president. 
 
 The State Microscopical Society meets at the rooms of the Academy 
 of Sciences. It was organized in 1868 under the name of " The Chi- 
 cago Microscopical Society." In March of the following year the name 
 was changed to its present form, and the society incorporated. Its 
 purpose is to encourage and assist microscopical investigation. A val- 
 uable library and an excellent instrument are owned by the association. 
 
 The Chicago Electrical Society was formerly a branch of the Acad- 
 emy of Sciences, but became an independent society in 1875. Its aim 
 is to keep pace with the improvements and discoveries made in elec- 
 tricity and electrical science. There are about 125 members. Meet- 
 ings are held monthly at the Grand Pacific Hotel. W. K. Patterson, 
 10 Winchester Avenue, is secretary. 
 
 The American Electrical Association was organized in 1877 as a 
 national society for the encouragement of electrical improvements and 
 discoveries. No meeting has been held for several years, but the organ- 
 ization is still alive. It has a small library of scientific books. C. H. 
 Wilson, Pullman Building, is librarian. 
 
 The Western Society of Engineers was organized May 1, 1869. 
 The object is the advancement of the members in the science of engi- 
 neering, and the promotion of the interests of the profession generally. 
 There are semi-monthly meetings in Eoom 20. American Express Com- 
 pany's building, for the reading of scientific papers, and discussions. 
 
 The Chicago Numismatic and Archaeological Society was formed 
 for the promotion of antiquarian research through the coinage and 
 other historical vestiges of the past. It was organized in 1879, and 
 now has thirty-five members. It has a nicely furnished room at No. 
 91 Dearborn Street, where regular monthly meetings are held. S. H. 
 Kerfoot is president. 
 
^2Ptacc$ of 1&lmii$emerxi. 
 
 THE THEATRES, PUBLIC HALLS, MUSEUMS AND OTHER 
 PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 
 
 CHICAGO occupies a position as a patron of dramatic and musical 
 art, second to no city on the continent. The first artists of the 
 world regard Chicago as a center which is sure to reward true art lav- 
 ishly, and no great artist who visits this continent ever dreams of leav- 
 ing this city out of the line of engagements. Irving' found it worth 
 his while to alter his original plans, and give the city a second visit. 
 Patti, Gerster, Hauck, Materna, Lucca, Rubenstein, Gottschalk, Ole 
 Bull, Nilsson, Bernhardt, Rossi, Sembrich, Albani, Salvini, Rachel, 
 Janauschek, Brignoli, and scores of other great operatic and dramatic 
 stars have shone in the firmament of the Garden City, and have never 
 found their rays dimmed in the quality of its atmosphere. The first 
 attempt at anything like permanent theatrical entertainment was in 
 1846. The well-known John B. Rice, who came to Chicago about that 
 period, established the first regular theater in a small building which 
 he erected on Randolph, between Dearborn and State Streets for the 
 purpose. The first opera given in Chicago was in 1800, in McVicker's 
 Theater, by Strakosch, who brought out Brignoli and Patti. The next 
 year J. Grau brought out an opera company, which filled a three week's 
 successful engagement in this city. From that time to the present, 
 Chicago has been an operatic center. In the winter of 1883-84, two 
 of the greatest opera combinations in the world were here at the same 
 time, and both received most liberal patronage. 
 
 McVicker's was the second theater erected in Chicago, but really 
 marks the beginning of the permanent drama in this city. McVicker, 
 who had already become a star in two continents as a comedian when 
 he made his venture as a manager in Chicago, erected his first theater 
 on the site of the present one, at a cost of $83,000. It was known for 
 a time as "McVicker's New Chicago Theater," but soon assumed the 
 name which it now bears. It was opened on the night of Nov, 5, 1857, 
 with the "Honeymoon" as the leading piece, and the farce of the 
 "Rough Diamond" in conclusion. In 1864 it was reconstructed at an 
 
 235 
 
236 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 additional cost of $25,000. The season of 1871 closed May 27, 
 when it was again reconstructed at a cost of $93,000, and was opened 
 on the night of August 20th, with the comedy of " Extremes." Within 
 less than two months it was destroyed in the great fire, but nine months 
 later, the present building stood on the ruins of the old one. It was at 
 that time the largest building which had been erected after the fire, and 
 was opened with Douglas Jerrold's play bearing the significant title, 
 "Time Works Wonders." The theater covers 82X190 feet of ground, 
 is seventy-five feet in height, and is separated by alleys from all other 
 buildings. The entrance is from Madison Street through a hall forty 
 feet in length and sixteen feet wide. Two wide stairways, one on either 
 side, lead to the offices on the upper floors, and to the balcony and gal- 
 lery. The auditorium seats 800, the balcony 461, and the gallery 500, 
 There are two proscenium boxes. There are twenty-six exits into the 
 street. "McVicker's" has always been a first-class theater, and nearly 
 all the great lights of the profession who have appeared on the Ameri- 
 can stage, have played to appreciative throngs in its spacious audito- 
 rium. Mr. J. H. McVicker has been the proprietor and manager from 
 the foundation of the enterprise, in the fall of 1857. McVicker's is on 
 Madison Street, between State and Dearborn. 
 
 The Academy of Music is a popular West Side theater, located on 
 Halsted, near Madison street. It was built by Wm. B. Clapp in 1871 
 and has survived a series of mishaps that threatened to summarily end 
 its career — having once been burned to the ground. It was for a con- 
 siderable time simply a variety theater, but since 1880 it has presented 
 a higher grade of performances and maintained a higher standing 
 among the people. Many of the best combinations presenting light 
 comedy attractions now include the Academy in their routes. Exten- 
 sive interior improvements to the building were made during the sum- 
 mer of 1884, and it is now one of the best furnished theaters in the 
 city. The parquet and balcony have a seating capacity of 1,800. 
 There are four private boxes. The stage is 34 feet wide and 38 feet 
 deep. Wm. Emmett was succeeded by Daniel Shelby, the present 
 lessee and manager, in 1881. 
 
 The Standard, Halsted and Jackson streets, was built in 1883, and 
 opened December 31st by the Fay Templeton Opera Company. It is a 
 first-class play-house in every respect and is remarkable for the ele- 
 gance and taste with which the interior is finished. It has a double 
 balcony, parquet circle, orchestra and proscenium chairs and ten private 
 boxes. The stage opening is 36 feet, and its depth 36. Sixteen exits 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 237 
 
 provide for the speedy exit of the audience. The lessees and managers 
 are Whitney & Dyer. 
 
 Haverly Theater, Monroe Street between Clark and Dearborn. It 
 was opened on the evening of June 12, just ninety days from the time 
 ground wa^ broken for its construction. The opening piece was Shak- 
 
 spere's "Twelfth Night," by Rob- 
 son and Crane, who played res- 
 pectively Sir Andrew Aguecheek 
 and Sir Toby Belch. It has always 
 been a first-class play-house, only 
 the higher grade of performances 
 being permitted, and its stage has 
 been occupied by many leading- 
 stars of both sexes. Henry Irving 
 and his English troupe filled a 
 three-weeks' engagement here 
 while on their American tour. It 
 is the largest theater in Chicago, 
 and the extensive improvements 
 made during the summer of 1884 
 make it one of the most attractive 
 places of amusement in the coun- 
 try. Its seating capacity is over 
 2,500. The parquet and dress cir- 
 cle are furnished with 683 opera 
 chairs; the balcony has 614 seats, 
 and the gallery will seat 1 ,200 per- 
 sons. There are twenty-one pri- 
 vate boxes, each of which will ac- 
 commodate four persons. The 
 walls of the auditorium present some exquisite specimens of the painter's 
 art. The entrance is through a spacious and elegantly decorated hallway, 
 twenty-three feet in width, leading to the foyer and art galleries. The 
 walls and ceiling of the hallway are covered with bronzed papier-mache 
 of a unique and original design, with wainscot of tile and mosaic work, 
 and panels of tiling on walls and wainscot illustrate scenes from Shak- 
 spere. The fine-art gallery and reception rooms are elaborately fin- 
 ished and furnished. The walls and ceiling are finished in papier- 
 mache similar to the main entrance. They contain over thirty oil paint- 
 ings of the modern school, and other works of art including several 
 
 Haverly Theatre, Monroe Street. 
 
238 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 pieces of statuary. The theater is well provided with exits and fire 
 escapes, and is lighted throughout by the Edison incandescent electric 
 light. Haverly Theater (formerly Haverly's Theater) had a predeces- 
 sor located within the walls of the old post-office which were left stand- 
 ing after the fire of 1871. The interior was rebuilt and the structure 
 transformed into the Adelphi Theater, by W. W. Cole. In 1877 it fell 
 into the hands of the well-known manager J. 
 H. Haverly, who changed the name to Haverly's 
 Theater. The building was torn down in 1881 
 and the name was transferred to the new thea- 
 ter, of which Mr. Haverly was also proprietor 
 and manager, until the present lessee C. H. 
 McConnell, took charge, Jan. 1, 1884. The 
 present manager is William J. Davis, who 
 has been prominently identified with amuse- 
 ments here and in the west for the past six 
 years. 
 
 Hooley's Theater, on Eandolph Street op- 
 posite the new City Hall, was built imme- 
 diately after the great fire, and was opened 
 to the public Oct. 9, 1872, just one year from 
 the date of that event. The opening play 
 was Kiralfy Brothers' spectacular burlesque, 
 entitled "Enchantment." The theater run 
 four seasons with an excellent stock com- 
 pany, but it has since been managed on the 
 combination system, which has held almost 
 undisputed possession of the American stage 
 for more than a decade. The entrance is 
 through a hallway eighteen feet wide and sev- 
 enty feet long. The box office is situated on the 
 west side of the hall, and further in, on the 
 same side, is the stairway leading to the bal- 
 cony and gallery. The house will comfortably seat 1,412 people. The 
 stage is 65X42 feet, the opening between the proscenium boxes being 
 thirty-two feet and extending back to a depth of thirty feet. The pro- 
 scenium is almost entirely of cast iron, and consequently fire-proof. 
 There are twelve private boxes. The exits are spacious and easy, the 
 interior arrangements comfortable and convenient, and the decorations 
 handsome and appropriate. From the first Hooley's took high rank in 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 239 
 
 popular favor as a place of amusement, and has since steadily main- 
 tained its standing. Originally intended for a first-class comedy thea- 
 ter, it has always been more or less devoted to that line, from which it 
 early became popularly known as "Hooley's Parlor Home of Comedy." 
 But the heavier comedies, melodramas, and the best productions of the 
 tragic muse have been presented on its stage by such brilliant stars of 
 the theatrical firmament as Salvini, Neilson, Barrett, McCullough, 
 and others. Its habitues have also heard Kellogg and other leading 
 
 representatives of the English and 
 Italian schools of opera. From 
 the first it has been under the 
 management of its present pro- 
 prietor, Kichard M. Hooley, the 
 the veteran theatrical manager. 
 
 The Grand Opera House, 87 
 and 89 Clark street, can trace its 
 descent through a series of calam- 
 ities and vicissitudes, of unusual 
 severity and most uncommon oc- 
 currence. It was first Bryan Hall, 
 which for many years was of pub- 
 lic service as a place for lectures, 
 fairs, concerts, and similar uses. 
 Then it was transformed into Hoo- 
 ley's Opera House, under the di- 
 rection of E. M. Hooley, the well- 
 known manager, in which role it 
 achieved a very gratifying suc- 
 cess ; but at this felicitous period 
 it was obliterated by the fire of 
 1871. The Hamlin Brothers erected on the site of the old hall a 
 great billiard palace, which became world-renowned under the man- 
 agement of Tom Foley. It continued for two years. Then its 
 energetic owner turned it into what was called the " Coliseum," in 
 which there was a garden, a fountain, a great open space, resplen- 
 dent galleries, a band of music, with the famous violinist, Le 
 Clerque, at its head. There were also in those days grand results 
 evolved from the cuisine of the establishment ; and ample and inces- 
 sant were the libations to Gambrinus, whose altars were erected in this 
 Occidental garden. The work of development went on ; a stage was 
 
 Grand Opera House, Clark Street. 
 
240 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 added, and performances were given to the garden audiences ; and 
 then the senior partner, Mr. John A. Hamlin, took the matter in hand, 
 remodeled the garden and changed the Coliseum into " Hamlin's Thea- 
 ter." It so remained until 1880, when it developed into the present 
 structure, known as "' The Grand Opera House," or simply as the " The 
 Grand," by which term it is now popularly known. It was opened under 
 its new title Sept. 6, 1880, with the " Child of the State," by the Hoey 
 & Hardie combination, and has since been a first-class play-house in every 
 respect, affording the public some of the most delightful entertain- 
 ments given in modern Chicago. It has presented Salvini, that charm- 
 ing French actress, Ehea, Modjeska, the Boston Ideal Company, and 
 many other attractions in which the finest class of light operas have 
 been a conspicuous feature. It is artistically furnished and decorated, 
 and is well ventilated, heated and lighted, and the exits are numerous 
 and ample. Its seating capacity is as follows : Parquet, 600 ; balcony, 
 400 ; gallery, 600. John A. Hamlin continues in successful manage- 
 ment of this interesting place of amusement. 
 
 The Criterion Theater is the principal theater on the North Side. 
 It was first opened in September, 1880. It is situated on the corner 
 of Sedgwick and Division Streets, has a seating capacity of 1,600, 
 and is a pleasant place of amusement, presenting only the legitimate 
 drama. 
 
 The Chicago Museum and Theater occupies McCormick Hall and 
 other portions of the building on the corner of North Clark and 
 Kinzie Streets. The hall is on the third floor. It is encircled by a gal- 
 lery and seats about 2,500. The stage is 36x42 feet. General theat- 
 rical plays, light operas and variety performances are given. The 
 museum of curiosities is on the second floor. 
 
 Kohl & Middleton's Museums at No. 150 South Clark Street, and 
 No. 150 West Madison Street, respectively, are places of cheap enter- 
 tainment, ten cents being the popular price of admission to each. 
 Each contains a small stage for variety performances. The upper 
 floors are devoted to museums of natural curiosities and works of in- 
 genious mechanism. 
 
 The Halsted Street Opera House is a small frame building on the 
 corner of Halsted and Harrison Streets, on the "West Side. It seats 
 about 800 persons. Miscellaneous plays and variety performances are 
 given at intervals. 
 
 The National Theater is a small frame building located at Nos. 26 
 and 28 Clybourn Avenue. It was built soon after the great fire, and 
 
marquis 1 Hand-book of Chicago. 
 
 241 
 
 was used until 1877 as a German variety theater and dancing hall. It 
 was remodeled in 1877 and has a main floor, with galleries on each 
 side. Seating capacity, 1,000. 
 
 Central Music Hall, corner of State and Eandolph Streets, is the 
 
 Central Music Hall, State and Randolph Sts. 
 
 ADLER & SULLIVAN, ARCHITECTS 
 
 finest hall in Chicago. The building is seven stories in height, and 
 covers 125x151 feet of ground. It is of stone from the Lamont quar- 
 ries, and the portico over the entrance is supported by massive pillars 
 of polished red granite. It cost $215,000. It was designed by Messrs. 
 Adler & Sullivan, architects, who supervised its erection, introducing 
 16 
 
242 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 into the construction a new scientific system of heating and venti- 
 lation that has proven eminently successful. There are twelve estab- 
 lishments devoted to trade on the State and Kandolph Street fronts, 
 and the building also contains seventy rooms for offices and a small 
 hall known as Apollo Hall. Central Music Hall was designed for the 
 higher and more intellectual class of entertainments, such as classical 
 concerts and lectures. It has no facilities for theatrical or operatic pre- 
 sentations. The main entrance is on State Street, through a lofty hall 
 eighteen feet wide by sixty-five feet long. The auditorium is 83x125 
 feet in dimensions ; is arranged with parquet, dress circle, and up- 
 per balcony, all richly furnished, and has twenty-five private boxes, 
 being capable of seating about 2,000 persons. It is also supplied with 
 a fine double organ, erected at a cost of $14,000. The stage, which is 
 without scenery or curtain, is 33 X 50 feet. There are numerous easy 
 exits. The hall was opened on the evening of December 5, 1879, 
 the entertainment being a colossal concert by the Apollo Musical 
 Club. 
 
 Apollo Hall is a small hall in Central Music Hall Building. It is 
 specially adapted t© chamber concerts, rehearsals, etc., and contains 
 400 seats. Nicely fitted up parlors and reception rooms are attached. 
 
 The Exposition Building was constructed by the Inter- State Expo- 
 sition Company. It is located on the lake front at the foot of Adams 
 Street, is 240 feet wide, nearly 800 feet long, and 110 feet high, 
 surmounted by three towers with ornamental domes, and has a 
 broad gallery entirely around the interior of the building. It has an 
 arched roof of glass in a frame- work of iron, which is the largest clear- 
 span roof in the world. It was opened in the fall of 1877, with the first 
 of a series of exhibitions that have annually attracted thousands of vis- 
 itors to the city. It has since been the scene of many great assemblages, 
 such as gathered at the May Festivals, and the grand instrumental con- 
 certs given by Theodore Thomas ; at the nomination of Garfield and 
 Arthur by the Republican national convention in 1880 ; at the nomi- 
 nation of Blaine and Logan by the same party in June, 1884; and 
 two weeks later at the nomination of Cleveland and Hendricks by the 
 Democratic national convention. 
 
 Farwell Hall, on the second floor of the Young Men's Christian As- 
 sociation Building, is one of the principal halls of the city. It was 
 formerly used for concerts and lectures, but it is now devoted mainly 
 to exercises of a religious character. The main floor and gallery 
 have seating capacity for about 1,800 persons. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 243 
 
 Weber Music Hall, corner of Wabash Avenue and Jackson Street, 
 has a seating capacity of 400, and is a favorite place for readings 
 and musical exercises, etc. 
 
 Hershey Music Hall, Madison Street near State, is 68 X 72 feet, and 
 will seat about 1,000. The stage, 18x35 feet, will seat 100. It is 
 used for lectures, receptions, exhibitions and other entertainments. 
 
 Union Catholic Library Hall, 204 Dearborn Street, has a stage 
 and scenery and will seat about 400. 
 
 The Lyceum Theater, Desplaines near Madison Street, has recent- 
 ly been rebuilt. It has a seating capacity for 1,100 persons. Variety 
 performances. 
 
 The People's is a new variety theater on State Street, near Harrison. 
 It has a main floor and two galleries, seats about 2,000, and was 
 opened Sept. 27, 1884. 
 
 The Olympic, Clark Street, between Randolph and Lake, is a popu- 
 lar variety theater, and one of the oldest places of amusement in the 
 city. It has experienced numerous changes in name and management. 
 Seats 1,100. 
 
 The New Dime Museum, 115 Randolph Street. Curiosities and 
 stage performances. 
 
 The Panoramas of the "Siege of Paris" and the "Battle of Gettys- 
 burg," occupy buildings specially erected for them. The former was 
 painted by Felix and the latter by Paul Philippoteaux, French artists, 
 who may well permit their fame to rest upon these two productions of 
 their genius and skill. The canvas of each panorama is 400 feet long and 
 sixty high, and hung around the interior of the building, the specta- 
 tors occupying an elevated platform in the center. The space of 
 ground in each enclosure, between the base of the platform and the 
 lower edge of the encircling canvas, is covered with natural trees, 
 shrubbery, fences, disabled ordnance and other objects, but so perfect 
 are their counterfeits in the paintings that it is difficult to distinguish 
 ■the real from the artificial. Both of these exhibitions are permanently 
 located at Wabash Avenue and Hubbard Court, on opposite co"iiers of 
 the street. 
 
 The Roller Skating Rinks are : The Palace (formerly Chicago), 
 Michigan Avenue and Van Buren Street, opened in 1880, remodeled in 
 1884, skating surface 60^170 feet ; Casino, Michigan Avenue and 
 Twenty- fourth Street, opsnei Mav 15, 1884. skating surface 84x196 
 feet; Princess. No. 553 West Madison, opened May 26, 1884, skating 
 surface 60X1 60 feet: Washington Boulevard, Washington Boulevard 
 
244 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 and Curtis Street, opened Sept. 1, 1884, skating surface 76X180 feet ; 
 Le Grand, North Clark and Division Streets, skating surface 95x188 
 feet. Each is nicely fitted up, provided with seats for spectators, and 
 has waiting and reception rooms attached. 
 
 Washington Driving Park has been noted in connection with Wash- 
 ington Park Club in the chapter on "The Clubs and Societies," on 
 page 146. 
 
 The Chicago Driving Park lies just south of Madison Street and 
 west of Garfield Park. It was until recently the only race course in 
 the city. The grounds consist of eighty acres, held under lease, on 
 which are a mile track, a grand stand with a seating capacity of 15,000, 
 public and pool stands, club house, stables, grooms, cottages, etc. The 
 association was organized in 1881, and has a capital stock of $100,000. 
 There are 400 members, and the property and franchises are valued at 
 $200,000. The meetings are for trotting and pacing only, and the 
 most famous trotting stock of the country appears on this track, which 
 is regarded as very favorable for speed. The stakes and purses for the 
 season of 1884 were th.e largest ever offered in America, aggregating 
 $280,000. The office of the association is at 116 East Monroe Street. 
 
 Central Driving Park occupies, as ten ant -at -will, an unused portion 
 of Garfield Park grounds lying south of Madison Street. The associa- 
 tion was formed in January, 1876, for social driving and the pleasure 
 of the members in speeding and practicing their horses. There is a 
 mile track and suitable buildings on the grounds. Eegular " matinees " 
 are held every Saturday during seasonable weather, but no racing for 
 stakes or purses is allowed. There are about 300 members, and non- 
 members are allowed to purchase season tickets admitting them to 
 the privileges of the grounds. W. H. Kane, 173 LaSalle Street, is 
 secretary. 
 
THE NEWSPAPERS OF THE PAST AND PRESENT, THEIR 
 FOUNDERS AND EDITORS. 
 
 THE history of the newspaper press of Chicago, although compar- 
 atively brief, affords interesting and instructive study to any one 
 who wishes to trace the development of journalistic enterprise into 
 great and powerful interests. The first newspaper published in 
 Chicago was The Chicago Democrat, and its first edition was issued 
 Nov. 26, 1833. The village had become an incorporated town, and 
 the location attracted a printer named John Calhoun, who set up his 
 press at the corner of Lake and South Water Streets. The paper was 
 an ardent advocate of Jacksonian democracy, and was what was then 
 known as " imperial '' in size — four pages of six columns each. It had 
 134 subscribers, and the paying advertisements occupied a column and 
 a half. The difference between this business exhibit and that of one 
 of the great daily issues of to-day, is a fair measure of the difference 
 between the Chicago of 1833 and that of 1884. Just three years from 
 its commencement the Democrat passed into the hands of John Went- 
 worth, under whose direction it grew in influence until 1840, when a 
 daily issue was commenced. The second newspaper was the Chicago 
 American, commenced May 8, 1835, by T. 0. Davis. It was a weekly 
 s'x-column paper, Whig in politics. In April, 1839, under the propri- 
 etorship of William Stewart, a daily edition was started— the first daily 
 paper published in Illinois— but the publication ceased in October, 
 1842. The Chicago Commercial Advertiser was started in October, 
 1836, and ran one year. The weekly Tribune made its first appear- 
 ance in 1840, with Edward G. Ryan, afterward chief justice of Wis- 
 consin, as editor, but it was removed to Milwaukee about a year later 
 and became the Milwaukee Journal. In July, 1842, the Quid Nunc, 
 the first penny paper in the west, began an existence which lasted 
 through thirty-seven issues. In the fall of the same year the Chicago 
 Express appeared as a daily afternoon paper, and the successor of the 
 American, but lived only two years, when it was purchased by a stock 
 company and the name changed to the Evening Journal. This and 
 
 245 
 
246 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 the next twelve years witnessed the inauguration of many newspaper 
 enterprises of more or less promise, most of which " died and left no 
 sign," except the one over the office door. In that period no less than 
 
 fifty-six of these unfortu- 
 nate ventures were born, 
 and after a brief struggle 
 for existence, were quietly 
 laid away in the journalistic 
 cemetery. During the same 
 time, however, the most ex- 
 tensive of the great news- 
 paper establishments of this 
 day were founded. 
 
 The Evening Journal is 
 the veteran among Chicago 
 newspapers. It is the suc- 
 cessor of the American, the 
 first daily paper published 
 in the city, by purchase of its 
 successor, the Express, the 
 second Chicago daily, in 
 1844, when the present 
 title was assumed. It is 
 distinctly a family and busi- 
 ness-man's paper, and has 
 always enjoyed great confi- 
 dence and liberal support 
 of the best class of readers. 
 It was started as a Whig 
 newspaper, and was an ar- 
 dent supporter of Henry 
 Clay for president, but early 
 affiliated with the Eepub- 
 lican party, to whose prin- 
 ciples it has ever since re- 
 mained faithful. The pa- 
 Evening Journal Building, Dearborn Street. p er gained largely in pat- 
 
 ronage during the war and became a very valuable property. In 
 appearance the Journal is the same it was a quarter of a century 
 ago. It is issued every evening, except Sunday, at 3 and 5 o'clock, 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 247 
 
 and has weekly and tri-weekly editions. The paper has four large 
 pages with nine columns to the page. It sells for five cents per 
 copy, or $10 per annum. The weekly is issued Wednesday for $1.25 a 
 year ; the tri-weekly, issued every other day, $4 a year. It is printed on 
 a six-cylinder Hoe steam press, and is issued from the Evening Journal 
 Building, Nos. 159 and 161 Dearborn Street. The Journal was origi- 
 nally owned by a stock company, but was sold to Richard L. Wilson, 
 one of the editors, at the close of the campaign of 1844. In 1849 the 
 publishers were Richard L. and Charles L. Wilson. Upon the death of 
 the former in 1856, Charles L. Wilson became the sole owner, and con- 
 tinued to be until his death, in 1878. His estate continued its pub- 
 lication until 1881, when Andrew Shuman, its editor since 1861, and 
 John R. Wilson leased the office. The establishment was destroyed in 
 the great fire of Oct. 9, 1871, but the paper appeared the same after- 
 noon, although somewhat diminished in size. A year later it occupied 
 the present handsome and commodious building. Here it was again 
 visited by fire in December, 1883, but, as before, brought out its regu- 
 lar issue without a day's interruption, from another office. The owner- 
 ship was organized as a stock company in 1883. Mr. Shuman is its 
 editor. Mr. Wilson, the business manager, has been connected with 
 the paper since Oct. 9, 1871. W. K. Sullivan has been its city editor 
 since 1874. The Journal has always maintained its reputation as a 
 careful, conservative newspaper, clean and trustworthy, and keeps on 
 " in the even tenor of its way " staidly, and yet keeping up with the spirit 
 and progress of the times. 
 
 The Times was started in 1854 as a Democratic paper, with the 
 special purpose of serving the personal and political fortunes of Sena- 
 tor Douglas. It maintained its part}*- allegiance until 1868, when it 
 took an independent stand, and has since ranked as one of the foremost 
 expositors of independent thought in the northwest — with a tender 
 recollection of its previous Democratic associations. It was a war Dem- 
 ocratic paper until the issuance of the emancipation proclamation, 
 which it opposed vigorously, and passed through some very exciting 
 experiences during that heated period. Its publication was once sus- 
 pended by order of Gen. Burnside, but the suspension lasted for two 
 days only. It occupies an elegant fire-proof building at the corner of 
 Washington Street and Fifth Avenue, built of Michigan sandstone, at 
 a cost of over $600,000. It is 80X183 feet, five stories, and is one of 
 the most thoroughly equipped newspaper establishments in the country. 
 It has six Bullock perfecting presses, each of which has a capacity for 
 
248 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 printing and folding, with cut leaves, 10,000 sheets per hour, or an 
 aggregate of GO, 000 per hour. A handsome business office occupies 
 the corner room of the first floor. The editorial rooms and the com- 
 posing rooms are on the fifth floor. Pneumatic tubes connect the office 
 with the telegraph office, and pneumatic and speaking tubes connect 
 the different departments of the paper. The force of compositors 
 averages about 115 ; the immediate editorial, reportoria' and clerical 
 staff about fifty ; and there are some 500 special contributors and cor- 
 respondents throughout the old and new worlds. The Times is an 
 eight page daily, eight columns to the page, but frequently appears 
 with a supplement of two, four, eight or sixteen pages. It also has a 
 weekly edition of eight pages. The leading feature of the paper is the 
 fullness and freshness of its news department, and it is fearless in its 
 publication of everything that comes under the head of news. It was 
 this policy, inaugurated by Mr. Wilbur F. Storey immediately upon the 
 purchase of the paper in 1861, that transformed The Times from a 
 losing concern threatened with bankruptcy, to one of the most valuable 
 newspaper properties in the country. The original purchase was made 
 by Mr. Storey. A. Worden became a partner in the concern in 18G2, 
 was succeeded in 1865 by Henry B. Chandler, who relired in 1870, 
 leaving Mr. Storey the sole owner. The office was on Dearborn Street 
 between Washington and Madison in 1871, and was destroyed by the 
 great fire. A temporary wooden structure was occupied during the 
 erection of the present building. Mr. Storey's health finally gave way 
 under his labors, and for several years he was unable to give the paper 
 any attention, and in August, 1884, Austin L. Patterson, for many 
 years business manager of the Times, was appointed conservator of Mr. 
 Storey's large estate, and on Oct. 27th following, Mr. Storey died. 
 Chas. E. Dennett is managing editor of The Times, and Guy Magee is 
 the city editor. 
 
 The Chicago Tribune is the leading Eepublican paper of the north- 
 west, and is not only a power in its party, but also a prominent factor 
 of the commercial and industrial interests of the country. It owns and 
 occupies a handsome five-story fire-proof building, of Lake Superior 
 red sandstone, at the corner of Dearborn and Madison Streets, which 
 was built at a cost of $200,000. The establishment is complete in all 
 its appointments. In the basement are employed five Bullock and 
 Kahler perfecting presses, with Kahler folding and cutting machines 
 attached, having a capacity of 60,000 sheets per hour. The business 
 office, one of the handsomest in the city, is on the first floor ; the edi- 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 249 
 
 torial rooms on the fourth, and the spacious composing room occupies 
 all of the fifth. An average force of 100 compositors is employed ; the 
 editorial and reportorial staff usually numbers forty men, and the paid 
 
 Tribune Building, Madison and Dearborn Streets. 
 
 contributors and correspondents located at all important points are sev- 
 eral hundred in number. It pays nearly $100,000 per annum for spe- 
 cial telegraphic reports. The paper is a daily seven-column quarto, but 
 
250 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 the usual issue consists of twelve pages, the Saturday edition of sixteen, 
 and the Sunday of twenty-four pages. The Sunday issue, which aver- 
 ages over 60,000, is resorted to voluminously by advertisers, espe- 
 cially in its ' : wants" department, a fact which is at least partially 
 responsible for the immense size of the Sunday paper. It also pub- 
 lishes a weekly edition of , at present, 90,000 copies. It was started in 
 July, 1847, as a Whig paper with free-soil tendencies, and in a few 
 years, after passing through several changes of firm and editorial man- 
 agement, it came under the direction of Mr. Joseph Meclill, when it 
 entered upon a career of prosperity that has steadily carried it up to its 
 present eminent position in the ranks of the American press. July 1, 
 1858, it was consolidated with the Democratic Press, that paper hav- 
 ing come to the position of the Tribune on the Kansas-Nebraska ques- 
 tion. For a year or two it carried the title of the Press prefixed to the 
 Tribune, when the prefix was dropped, and the ownership was organized 
 as a stock company, with a capital of $200,000 which has not been 
 changed. During the war it was a staunch, radical, and influential 
 supporter of Lincoln's administration, and no agency rendered more 
 effective service in that behalf among the people of the northwest. 
 In 1871 its fine building, erected in 1868 at a cost of $175,000, was 
 ruined by the great fire, and the present structure was erected on 
 its site. The Tribune is the wealthiest paper in the city, and felt 
 strong enough with its constituency in 1880 to make a powerful 
 and effective fight against the candidacy of Gen. Grant for a third 
 term in the Presidency. It has had a number of prominent men con- 
 nected with it, notably Gen. Wm. Duane Wilson, Gen. J. D. Webster, 
 Dr. C. H. Ray, Horace White, Lieut. Gov. Wm. Bross, Alfred Cowles 
 and the Messrs. Joseph and S. J. Medill. Mr. Joseph Medill and 
 Messrs. Cowles and Bross have been with the paper for nearly thirty 
 years. Joseph Medill is editor-in-chief; B. W. Patterson, managing 
 editor ; Alfred Cowles, business manager ; Fred. Hall, city editor ; E. 
 Colbert, commercial editor. 
 
 The Inter Ocean is the stalwart Republican newspaper of the north- 
 west, and ranks among the leading and most influential journals of the 
 country. The paper was started March 25, 1872, by Hon. J. Y. Scam- 
 mon, avowing itself in the first issue, " Independent in nothing— Repub- 
 lican in everything." Its efficient service in the second Grant campaign 
 of that year gave it a standing and circulation in its party that consti- 
 tuted a strong foothold from which to achieve public favor. Hon. F. 
 W. Palmer purchased an interest and became editor-in-chief in the 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 251 
 
 spring of 1873 ; but the great panic, and the depression which followed, 
 financially embarrassed Mr. Scainmon, the principal owner, and in 
 1875 the paper was sold to a new corporation, of which Wm. Penn Nixon 
 was the principal member. Mr. Nixon had been business manager of 
 the paper since the spring of 1872 ; he now became general manager 
 as well as responsible editor, controlling every department. The Inter 
 Ocean has probably gone back on Mr. Scammon's famous motto about 
 independence, but it has kept in good standing with the party and 
 improved as a newspaper. Since its change of proprietors it has had 
 an increasingly prosperous career. It has a daily edition of eight 
 seven- column pages, with frequent supplements of four, eight or six- 
 teen pages, and issues a musical supplement of several pages every 
 Wednesday. The weekly edition has eight seven-column pages, and 
 enjoys probably the largest circulation of any similar publication in the 
 west, ranging from 100,000 to 120,000. The Inter Ocean occupies a 
 handsome five-stoiy stone front building at 85 Madison Street. It is 
 supplied with one Scott and two Bullock perfecting presses, with 
 machines attached to fold, paste and cut the paper, which it was the 
 first to use, and which are the invention of Walter Scott, former super- 
 intendent of its machinery department. The business office and edito- 
 rial and composing rooms are all conveniently arranged and connected. 
 A force of 105 is employed in the composing room, the immediate staff 
 — clerical, editorial, reportorial and others employed in the office, 
 numbers about 110 persons, and the corps of special correspondents 
 about 350. The immediate predecessor of the Inter Ocean was the 
 Republican, which was started shortly after the war. Charles A. Dana, 
 the well-known editor of the New York Sun, was engaged as editor and 
 manager. He brought a numerous staff, and the publication was com- 
 menced with all the advantages of money, brains and journalistic 
 experience. It failed, however, and after the return of Mr. Dana to 
 the east the paper was made a two-cent sheet, and placed in the hands 
 of J. B. McCullogh, now of the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. In 1871 
 the great fire obliterated the establishment, and the owners refused to 
 proceed further with it. Mr. Scammon then purchased the Associated 
 Press franchise, and in order to hold it continued the publication until 
 everything was ready for the inauguration of the Inter Ocean. Wm. 
 Penn Nixon continues general manager, and Wm. H. Busby, managing 
 editor ; J. B. Dunlop, city editor. 
 
 The Chicago Daily News commenced originally as a penny evening 
 paper without the associated press franchise, and has made a conspic- 
 
252 
 
 MARQUIS' BAND-BOOR OF CHICAGO. 
 
 nous success. It was started in Dec. 20, 1875, by Melville E . Stone, 
 Wm. E. Dougherty and Percy Meggy ; but within a year the last two 
 sold out to Mr. Stone, leaving him sole proprietor. During the same 
 year Victor F. Lawson became a partner, and the firm became Victor 
 
 Chicago Daily News, Fifth Avenue. 
 
 F. Lawson & Co. Jan. 1, 1883, the partnership expired by limitation, 
 and the ownership was reorganized as a stock company, the entire 
 stock being and remaining the property of Messrs. JLawson and Stone. 
 The circulation increased with great rapidity ; from 15,000 in 1876 it 
 grew to nearly 40,000 within the two years which followed. In 1881 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 253 
 
 a two-cent morning edition was started, but it progressed very slowly 
 until it was admitted into the Western Press Association. There are 
 now four editions of the News ; one in the morning, at two cents per 
 copy ; one at twelve o'clock, another at three o'clock, and the regular 
 evening issue at five o'clock — the last three being penny papers. In 
 November, 1884, the combined circulation of the editions reached over 
 200,000 copies daily. In politics the paper is independent. It is very 
 enterprising, especially in the direction of exceptional and unexpected 
 efforts. It is liable at any moment to astonish the community with the 
 publication of a fac-simile telegram from the premier of England on 
 some international question, or a letter from Bismarck giving his opin- 
 ion on some matter of similar importance. There is no Sunday edition. 
 The morning issue is a seven-column folio except on Saturdays, when 
 it is a quarto. The later issues are eight-column folios. Five Hoe 
 perfecting presses are employed to print the various editions. It owns 
 the building it occupies at 123 Fifth Avenue. A force of about sixty 
 compositors is employed, a clerical and editorial staff of about seventy- 
 five, and an active corps of special telegraphic correspondents. Victor 
 F. Lawson is business manager ; Melville E. Stone, editor. The Weekly 
 News was founded in 1876. It average circulation is about 45,000. 
 
 The Illinois Staats-Zeitung is printed in the German language, and is 
 independent in politics, and the principal organ of the German-Ameri- 
 cans in the northwest. It was founded in the spring of 1848, by Kobert 
 Hoeffgen, whose entire capital amounted to $200. From this small 
 beginning grew an enterprise which probably is second only to the 
 Staats-Zeitung of New York. At the s f art the paper was a weekly, and 
 the publisher was able to carry on the business by himself. He set the 
 type, did the press work, acted as solicitor, collector, carrier, cashier, 
 and editor. When money was scarce, he would take his pay in rags 
 which he sold to the paper dealer, and in this way received really a 
 higher price than if he had taken in < nly cash. Dr. Hellmuth was 
 editor in the autumn of the year in which the enterprise was started, 
 and again in 1850. during which year it was issued twice a week. In 
 1851 George Schneider became connected with it. and a daily edition 
 was commenced with seventy subscribers, the weekly list being then a 
 little over 200. Two years later the daily subscription had reached 
 300, and in 1854 the paper had 800 subscribers. The circulation 
 steadily increased, and the paper exerted a powerful influence on the 
 attitudes of the German-Americans toward its party. In 1861 Wm. 
 Eapp became the editor, and in the same year Lore a z Brentano bought 
 
254 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 out Mr. Hceffgen's interest and a year later that of George Schneider. 
 Soon thereafter A. C. Hesing bought a third interest, and in 1867 he 
 became the sole owner, paying to Mr. Brentano $80,000 in cash for his 
 remaining two-thirds. A stock company was subsequently organized, 
 with a capital of $200,000, the stock being all owned by six persons, 
 each of whom is actively connected with the paper. During the great 
 fire the office was totally destroyed, but the paper was reissued within 
 forty-eight hours after, and in due season was located in its present 
 quarters at the corner of Fifth Avenue and "Washington Street. It 
 occupies a fine five-story stone front building, which cost, with the 
 outfit of machinery and type, about $300,000. It publishes a daily 
 edition of four pages, nine columns to the page, a weekly edition of eight 
 pages and a Sunday literary edition called the Westen. The press-room 
 is in the basement, an elegant business office on the first floor, and the 
 editorial and composing rooms above, all conveniently connected by 
 speaking tubes and dumb waiters. The paper is printed on two Clause 
 perfecting presses, employs an average of fifty compositors, a clerical, 
 editorial and reportorial staff numbering forty, and a large corps of corre- 
 spondents. Herman Easter is editor-in-chief, having held the position 
 since 1867. William Kapp is assistant editor. A. C. Hesing is presi- 
 dent of the company ; "Washington Hesing is vice-president, and C. F. 
 Putsch, secretary and treasurer. Emil Mannhartd is editor of the W T esten. 
 
 The Neue Freie Presse is printed in German, and was established 
 in 1871 as the Freie Presse, by the German- Americ n Publishing Com- 
 pany. It issues a morning and evening edition daily, and has a weekly 
 and Sunday edition. It is independent in politics, with a leaning to 
 Kepublicanism. It has a substantial circulation and business patronage. 
 It is located at 92 Fifth Avenue. The daily issues are in quarto form, 
 and the Sunday and weekly in octavo. Kichard Michae 1 , the editor, 
 has held that position from the start. Carl Lotz is business manager. 
 
 The Chicago Evening Mail was established in April, 1884, and is 
 the successor of the Press, established in 1883 as the official organ of 
 the city. It is a lively penny paper and is given to the free use of 
 illustrations. It has three evening issues, noon, three and five o'clock, 
 and sometimes a later one. It is located at 118 Fifth Avenue. E. C. 
 Stevens is business manager ; E. E. Dillingham, formerly of The Times, 
 is editor. 
 
 The Chicago Herald, 120 Fifth Avenue, is a two-cent morning 
 paper, and was established in May, 1881, by Hon. Frank W. Palmer, 
 postmaster, as editor-in-chief, W. D. Eaton, musical and dramatic 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 255 
 
 writer of The Times, as managing editor, and Jas. W. Scott, of the Daily- 
 National Hotel Reporter, as business manager. In 1882 Messrs. Palmer 
 
 and Eaton withdrew, and 
 John F. Ballantyne be- 
 came managing editor 
 till August, 1883, when 
 John R. Walsh, president 
 of the Western News 
 Company,acquired a con- 
 trolling interest, and 
 Martin J. Russell, late 
 editorial writer on The 
 Times, became editor in- 
 chief, Jas. W. Scott re- 
 taining the business man- 
 agement. The stock is 
 owned by the three per- 
 sons mentioned, and A. 
 F. Hatch. In politics the 
 Herald claims to be en- 
 tirely independent, al- 
 though until it came un- 
 der its present manage- 
 
 The Chicago Herald Building, Fifth Avenue. ment it was the organ 
 
 of Stalwart Republicanism. In style it is modeled after the New York 
 Sun, and typographically it is the handsomest daily in the city. It is 
 a seven-column folio, except on Sundays when it is an eight-column 
 quarto. It has had a severe struggle to achieve its present position 
 as a fixed institution with a very promising future. H. W. Seymour, 
 late one of the editors of The Times, is managing editor ; and Wm. A. 
 Taylor, city e litor. 
 
 The Newspapers sketched in the foregoing pages include the lead- 
 ing dailies of the city. The other dailies are as follows : The Evening 
 Telegram, a penny paper, Democratic in politics, started in 1879 ; the 
 Chicago Demokrat, German, established in 1883 (weekly in 185G), 
 published every morning, and Democratic in politics ; the Arbeiter- 
 Zeitung. German evening, started in 1872 as a weekly, added a daily 
 issue in 1876, and is devoted to the interests of socialism ; the Scandi- 
 naven is a morning paper, Republican in politics, wielding considerable 
 influence among the Scandinavian people ; the weekly issue was started 
 
256 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 in 1865, and the daily in 1866 ; the Daily National Hotel Reporter is 
 published every morning in the interest of hotels, and kindred inter- 
 ests, has a wide circulation and was established in 1871 ; the Drovers' 
 Journal, in the interest of the live stock trade, was founded in 1873, 
 and has a weekly, semi-weekly and daily issue ; the Sun, established 
 in 1868, is published every evening at the Union Stockyards ; the 
 Svornost is an independent Bohemian paper, published every morning, 
 and weekly, and was started in 1875. Altogether there are fifteen 
 daily newspapers. 
 
 Other Papers are numerous, and addressed to all classes. There are 
 at present 274 regularly issued papers and periodicals in Chicago, 
 including the fifteen dailies above mentioned. There are six semi- 
 weeklies, 134 weeklies (including Sunday papers), twenty-two semi- 
 monthlies, eighty-eight monthlies and nine quarterlies. There is also 
 a large number of annual and irregular publications. 
 
 The Current, published from the Adams Express Building, Dearborn 
 Street, near Monroe, is a sixteen page weekly journal, devoted to first- 
 class current literature and comments on social and political move- 
 ments and events of the day. It holds among western publications 
 almost the same rank that Harper's Weekly holds among those of the 
 east — though it is without illustrations — but gives a much larger space 
 to the productions of the best living writers, most of whom, of any 
 standing with American readers, are enrolled among its contributors. 
 It has several novel and original features, one of them the signing of 
 each article with a facsimile of the autograph of the author. It was 
 started Dec. 22, 1883, by Edgar L. Wakeman, a thorough journalist, 
 with as successful an experience in the business as in the literary 
 department of journalistic effort. The ownership is in a stock company 
 formed July 31, 1884, with a paid up capital of $100,000. The circu- 
 lation extends to all reading communities on the continent, and em- 
 braces a considerable list of European readers. Mr. Wakeman is the 
 editor. The associate editors are G-. C. Matthews and John McGovern, 
 both writers of the highest standing in literary circles. 
 
 The Saturday Evening Herald, established in 1876, is the leading 
 society, dramatic, musical and literary weekly. It is published at 89 
 Clark Street. The editors are Lyman B. Glover, John M. Dandy and 
 E. R. Paige. 
 
THE MUSICAL ORGANIZATIONS, THE DATES OF THEIR FORMA- 
 TION AND THEIR LEADERS. 
 
 HPHE musical societies of Chicago have contributed much toward the 
 -L promotion and cultivation of the musical taste of the people. The 
 " Apollo " and " Mozart" Clubs are the leading (English) musical organ- 
 izations, the Beethoven Society having recently disbanded. 
 
 The Apollo Musical Club is the oldest existing English musical so- 
 ciety in Chicago, and its work in advancing the standard of musical 
 culture in this locality can hardly be over-estimated. It was organized 
 in 1872, with S. G. Pratt as musical director. Mr. Pratt was succeeded 
 by A. W. Dohn, who occupied the position for nearly three years, 
 and it was under his directorship that the first public concert of the 
 club was given. Carl Bergstein conducted the chorus during the sea- 
 son of 1874-5. W. L. Tomlins was appointed director in the spring 
 of the latter year, and continues to act in that capacity. As originally 
 constituted the club was exclusively a male chorus, but under Mr. 
 Tomlin's leadership an auxiliary ladies' chorus was formed, and has 
 since been me ged into the club proper, making it a mixed chorus, 
 numbering at present about 150 voices. In addition to the 150 active 
 members, there are nearly 500 associate members. Three regular sub- 
 scription concerts are given each season, tickets of admission being 
 issued to members only. The public are admitted to the annual 
 Christmas performance of the Messiah. The membership includes 
 some of the best vocalists in the city. The club has convenient club- 
 rooms, and meets for rehearsals in Apollo Hall. 
 
 The Mozart Club was organized in 1880. It was first known as the 
 Mozart Society, but the name was changed to Mozart Club in lss:5. 
 During its first year the society had about ninety active 1 singing mem- 
 bers, but the number has been reduced from time to time until it 
 is now ab ut forty. The club gives three concerts annually in Central 
 Music Hall. Tickets of admission are issued only to the associate 
 members. The chorus consists wholly of male voices. It is devoted to 
 the performance of oratorio and other choral music of a high order, 
 
 17 
 
258 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Hans Balatka was the first musical director. He was succeeded, after 
 one or two seasons, by Marro L. Bartlett, who still directs the chorus. 
 The club occupies rooms at 24 Adams Street. 
 
 The St. Cecilia Choir, led by Wm. L. Tomlins, was organized Feb. 11, 
 1883, to afford some of the lady singers of the May Festival chorus 
 practice during the time between the festivals. The organization was 
 not intended to be permanent. 
 
 The Musical Festival Association was formed to meet a demand for 
 the rendition of the great works of the most famous masters, that had 
 grown out of the advance of musical culture. It was organized in 
 1882, and gives a grand musical festival every two years. The festival 
 occurs in May, and lasts five days, with concerts every evening, and 
 matinee concerts on Thursday and Saturday. The association is sup- 
 ported by the receipts from the festivals, and is secured from loss by 
 subscriptions to a guarantee fund sufficient to cover the bulk of the 
 expense. Fifty-nine prominent citizens subscribed for $1,000 to the 
 fund for the festival of 1884. On this occasion there was an orchestra 
 of 175 pieces and a chorus of 900 voices. The works of Wag- 
 ner, Beethoven, Schubert, Haydn, Handel, Mozart, Gounod and others 
 were represented in the programme, and the leading parts were exe- 
 cuted by Nilsson, Materna, Winkelman, Scaria and others. The high 
 perfects n reached by the chorus is due to the able and untiring efforts 
 of Prof. W. L. Tomlins, whose skillful training produced an artistic 
 success that was a grand feature of the concerts. There have been 
 two festivals, the first in 1882, and the last in 1884, both given in the 
 Exposition Building under the direction of Theodore Thomas. The 
 loss on the first was $9,210, and on the last $5,817. The latter loss 
 would have been much greater but for the sum of $9,000 received 
 from the two national political conventions, which used the seats and 
 other property of the festival association. N. K. Fairbank is president ; 
 Millard Adams, secretary ; George Sturgis, treasurer. 
 
 The Quartettes. — There are numerous quartettes in the city, among 
 which the following are the most noted : The Chicago Quartette, male 
 voices, organized in 1877, and reorganized and incorporated in March, 
 1884 ; the Schubert Quartette, male voices, organized in the summer 
 of 1883 ; and the Oriental Quartette, also male voices. The Schumann 
 Quartette, organized in the fall of 1882, the St. Cecilia' Quartette, 
 organized in 1878, the Chicago Lady Quartette, and the Weber Lady 
 Quartette, are all composed of female voices. The Harmonia Quartette, 
 male and female voices, was first organized about ten years ago. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 259 
 
 German Singing Societies are numerous. They all partake largely 
 of a social character and are, without exception, composed of gentlemen 
 only. 
 
 The Germania Maennerchor is the oldest German musical society in 
 Chicago, having been organized in 1865. Soon after its organization 
 the society was divided, some of the members forming themselves into 
 a society under the name " Concordia." Soon after the great fire they 
 were reunited under the original name. The first musical director was 
 Otto Lob. At the time of the split Mr. Lob became director of the 
 Concordia society, and Hans Balatka of the Germania. The society 
 has rendered many operas of the highest order. The chorus consists 
 of about thirty members. They meet for rehearsal in private rooms in 
 Brand's Hall. There are about 250 associate members. The excellence 
 of the music rendered by the society, and the delightful sociability 
 that has characterized its entertainments have given it wide popularity 
 among German people of refinement and culture. The concerts of the 
 society are generally private. 
 
 The Orpheus Maennerchor is the second oldest German musical so- 
 ciety in the city. It was organized in 1867. The first musical director 
 was Otto Lob. It gives public concerts occasionally and was formerly 
 a mixed chorus. The music is of a "popular " character. Meetings are 
 held every Wednesday evening for rehearsal at the society's hall on 
 West Lake Street. Gustav Ehrhorn is the director. 
 
 The Chicago Musical Club is one of the latest "German musical or- 
 ganizations. It was organized October 14, 1882, with Hans Ba'atka as 
 director, and he still retains that position. It gives concerts on a larger 
 scale than any of the other German singing societies, and renders only 
 works of the higher order. The plan is to give five concerts every sea- 
 son. The concerts given the first year were all public, an admission fee 
 being charged. Latterly the rule has been to admit only members of 
 the club, except that each member is allowed to introduce friends once 
 during the season. Rehearsals are held every Monday evening in Room 
 24, American Express Building. The associate membership numbers 
 about seventy and the active membership numbers thirty-six. 
 
 The Schweizer Maennerchor was originally a singing section of the 
 Schweizer Bund, but organized as a separate society in May, 1869. It 
 cultivates the music of popular German authors, and gives three or four 
 concerts every season. It has 115 members, mostly Swiss, and a 
 chorus of thirty-five voices. It has taken prominent part in all the 
 great saengerfests from 1870, and in the national festivals and 
 
260 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 parades of the Swiss societies, some of the latter being remarkably in- 
 teresting representations of the history, costumes, customs, and pur- 
 suits of the Swiss people. H. von Oppen, leader. 
 
 The Eintracht Liederkranz cultivates sentimental and comic choral 
 music for male voices, by popular German composers. It was organ- 
 ized June 27, 1876, and has thirty members in the chorus, all Ger- 
 mans. It is noted for its concerts, balls, masquerades, and picnics. 
 Meetings are held every Friday evening, at 378 West Twelfth Street. 
 The first leader was Edward Roos ; the present leader is Emil Zott. 
 
 The Teutonia Maennerchor has fifty-two active and about 175 asso- 
 ciate members, and meets every Tuesday evening in Aurora Turner 
 Hall. The society sings popular music, holds monthly entertainments 
 for members only, and gives three grand public concerts every season. 
 Its excursions during the summer are largely attended. The musical 
 director, Gustav Ehrhorn, has held the position from the organization. 
 
 The Fidalia singing society was organized in December, 1872. 
 Like the other musical clubs, it is composed of professional and asso- 
 ciate members. There are about thirty-five of the former and the same 
 number of the latter. The annual membership fee is $6.00. It is 
 strictly a German society, having only German members and singing 
 only popular German music. A limited number of public concerts is 
 given each season, tickets of admission being disposed of by the mem- 
 bers to such persons as they may select. The Fidalia meets in North 
 Side Turner Hall on Thursday evenings. The director is H. von Oppen. 
 
 The Turner Maennerchor consists of members of the Chicago Turn - 
 gemeinde. It numbers about twenty-four voices, and meets in the 
 North Side Turner Hall on Tuesday evenings. Its public singing is 
 principally at entertainments given by the Turngemeinde. The director 
 is Julian Heinze. 
 
*xShe ®xcharrge#. 
 
 THE EXCHANGES AND OTHER TRADE ASSOCIATIONS, AND 
 THE UNION STOCKYARDS. 
 
 THE number of exchanges and other trade associations in Chicago 
 indicate the opinion of her business men as to the value of combi- 
 nations for the advancement of related interests. There are few impor- 
 tant lines of trade, or few groups of kindred lines, that are not repre- 
 sented by some organization of the kind. 
 
 The Board of Trade is a great commercial exchange in which the 
 transactions are confined to grain and provisions, and it is the largest 
 and most powerful institution of the kind in the world. It was organ- 
 ized in 1848, incorporated under the general statutes in 1850, and in 
 1859 secured a special act of incorporation from the legislature. The 
 building in which it has been located since 1872, is a large and sub- 
 stantial stone structure, at the corner of LaSalle and Washington 
 Streets, known as the Chamber of Commerce. It was built on the site 
 of the structure occupied by the board from 1864 until it was destroyed 
 by the fire of 1871, and was opened Oct. 9, 1872, just one year from the 
 burning of its predecessor. Pending the construction of the new 
 building, the board occupied rooms on Franklin Street. The exchange 
 hall is eighty-seven feet wide, 142 feet long, and forty-five feet high. 
 Within this space have been fought some of the greatest commercial 
 battles in the history of trade. Here fortunes have alternately multi- 
 plied and melted, the hand that records the fluctuations of the market 
 registering the defeat of one and the triumph of another, as inexorably 
 as if it were the hand of fate. But the historic arena has grown too 
 small for the contests of the gladiators of trade. It was held under a 
 lease for ninety-nine years, which has been canceled, and a larger and 
 more elegant structure is now approaching completion. The new 
 building has a front of 173| feet on Jackson Street, at the south end of 
 LaSalle, and extends back 225 feet. The rear portion, which is occu- 
 pied by about 100 offices, is 160 feet in height, and the front part, 
 which contains the exchange hall, is 140 feet high, and surmounted by 
 a stately tower, the tallest in the city, rising 304 feet above the ground. 
 
 261 
 
262 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The tower is thirty-two feet square at the base, and built of masonry 
 to the height of 225 feet, where each face is supplied with a clock dial. 
 From the masonry to the pinnacle, seventy-eight feet, the construction 
 is of iron. The entrances are large doorways supported by polished 
 columns of gray granite, and the entire edifice is built of Fox Island 
 
 Chicago Board of Trade Building, Jackson, Pacific and Sherman Streets. 
 
 granite, at a cost of $1,500,000. Near the top of the east and west 
 elevations are very striking and appropriate allegorical figures in gran- 
 ite. The committee and directors' rooms are on the third floor. The 
 president's office connects with the secretary's office, both being on the 
 second floor. They are very elegantly finished in mahogany, with 
 artistic wood mantels, and are exquisitely frescoed. Four powerful 
 elevators give easy access to all parts of the building. Two flights 
 
MARQUIS* HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 263 
 
 of polished vari-colored granite stairways lead from the Jackson 
 Street entrance to the " exchange hall," which is 152x161 feet, and 
 eighty feet high. The skylight of stained glass overhead is 72X75 feet, 
 and there are seventeen windows, each eight feet and two inches wide 
 and thirty-two feet high, arranged in pairs, with a 10X18 feet transom 
 over each pair, the stained glass of the transoms bearing representations 
 in heroic figures of Commerce, Agriculture, Order, Fortune. At the 
 north end of the hall is a private gallery, with the president's rostrum, 
 and ante-rooms in connection. The public gallery is on the west side 
 of the hall. Smoking, cloak and private rooms for the members are 
 conveniently located adjoining the hall. It is supplied Avith tables 
 systematically arranged for the display of samples ; the grain and pro- 
 vision trades each has its separate "pit ;" the bulletins are conveniently 
 placed ; the telegraphic service is complete and thorough. The build- 
 ing and hall are undoubtedly the grandest of the kind in the world. 
 The membership of the board numbers about 2,000, which is intended 
 to be substantially the limit. The membership fee is $10,000, but the 
 places of retiring members can usually be purchased for $3,500 to 
 $4,500. No transaction is allowed on the board involving less than 
 5,000 bushels of grain or 250 packages of pork or lard. The sessions 
 of the board are from 9:30 a. m. to 1 p. m., and from 2 to 2:30 p. m. 
 
 The Produce Exchange was incorporated June 11, 1874, and has 
 nearly 500 members engaged or interested in the trade in butter, 
 cheese, eggs, potatoes, flour, fruits, vegetables, etc., in which lines the 
 transactions are conducted. The exchange rooms and hall are at the 
 corner of Lake and Clark Streets. The rooms are kept open for private 
 transactions from 8 a. m. to 5 p. m., daily. 'Change hours are from 2 to 
 3 p. m. 
 
 The Chicago Mining Exchange started out in 1882, with a fair 
 prospect of success, but there has been a great falling off in interest 
 and attendance. There are over 100 members, and meetings are held 
 daily, between 11 a. m. and 2 p. m., at Eoom 24 Portland Block. Calls 
 are made at 11:30 each day, but very little business transacted. 
 
 The Lumberman's Exchange is one of the strongest trade organi- 
 zations in the city. It collects and distributes statistics of the lumber 
 trade, maintains a judicious system of classification by careful inspec- 
 tion, and generally takes an active part in everything calculated to 
 advance the lumber interests. Its rooms, at 252 South Water Street, 
 are much visited by men interested in the lumber business, from all 
 parts of this country, and many from abroad. 
 
264 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The Chicago Open Board of Trade is similar in its purpose and 
 methods to the Board of Trade, commonly called the '• Big Board." Its 
 operations are confined to the same commodities, though they may be 
 handled in smaller amounts, the minimum limit of deals being 1,000 
 bushels of grain or twenty-five packages of lard or meats. The quota- 
 tions of the " Big Board" are the guide in all trades in the Open Board, 
 
 and are promptly received and 
 bulletined. The Open Board was 
 organized Dec. 15, 1877, and in- 
 corporated May 12, 1880, and 
 was first located in Calhoun Place, 
 near the Chamber of Commerce. 
 June 2, 1884, with a member- 
 ship of about 400, it moved into 
 new and spacious quarters on Pa- 
 cific Avenue. The building is a 
 fine six-story edifice of red press- 
 I ed brick. The exchange hall, on 
 the ground floor, is eighty feet 
 wide, 100 feet long, and thirty 
 feet in height to the sky-light, 
 which measures 45x50 feet. The 
 membership fee is $500, and the 
 Open Board of Trade, Pacific Avenue. annual dues $50. The daily ses- 
 
 sions are open to spectators, from which fact it derived the name 
 " Open Board." The sessions are held daily from 9:30 a. m. to 1 p. m., 
 and from 2 to 2:30 p. m. 
 
 The Chicago Drug, Paint and Oil Exchange was organized in 1877, 
 and is located at No. 51 Wabash Avenue. It has about twenty-five 
 members, including the leading jobbers, wholesale dealers and manu- 
 facturers in the lines to which it is devoted. 'Change hours are from 
 11:30 a. m. to 12 m. 
 
 The Commercial Exchange has 150 members, and meets daily 
 between the hours of 11:30 and 12: 30, in its hall on the corner of 
 Dearborn and Eandolph Streets. It was incorporated Nov. 25, 1882. 
 Its membership is limited to residents of Chicago, engaged in the 
 wholesale grocery business and kindred branches. The transactions 
 are, as a rule, not speculative, but involve the actual transfer of goods. 
 Telegraphic reports of concurrent transactions in the New England 
 fish markets, the New York and Boston sugar markets, and the New 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 265 
 
 York Coffee Exchange, are received and posted during the sessions, and 
 all trades in those lines are based on those quotations. 
 
 The Chicago Stock Exchange is situated at 126 Washington Street. 
 The membership includes the leading bankers and brokers in the city, 
 and many prominent merchants. Many members of the New York and 
 Philadelphia stock boards are also members of the Chicago Stock Ex- 
 change, there being at present 750 on the rolls. Two ' ; calls" are held 
 daily, one for the sale of bonds and one for stocks. The exchange was 
 established in May, 1882. 
 
 The Chicago Real Estate Board, Eooms 5 and 5| National Life 
 Building, 157 to 163 LaSalle Street, is an exchange, incorporated in 
 1883 as The Chicago Renting Agents' Association, but filed new articles 
 of incorporation under the present name, June 4, 1884. It was formed 
 for purely business purposes. The daily call-board sessions are held 
 from 12 m. to 1 p. m. The membership emb.aces about eighty of the 
 leading real estate agencies. 
 
 The Builders' and Traders' Exchange was organized Jan. 21, 1884, 
 and now has nearly 500 members, composed of mechanics, manufact- 
 urers, and traders whose avocations connect them with the building 
 trades or industries. The exchange rooms, at No. 159 LaSalle Street, 
 are open daily. 
 
 The Union Stock Yards, Halstedand Fortieth Streets, are the center 
 of the greatest live stock trade in the world. They occupy a large por- 
 tion of a tract of 375 acres, the pens taking up 240 acres and having 
 a capacity for 180,000 head of hogs, 45,000 head of cattle and 15,000 
 head of sheep, or a total of 240,000 head of stock of all kinds. There 
 are 100 acres under cover, and 180 acres of open pens. The stables 
 afford accommodation for 1,500 horses. All important railroads enter- 
 ing at Chicago connect with the yards, and the company has 100 miles of 
 railroad track, including switches, to facilitate the receipt and shipment 
 of stock. Telegraph, mail, and banking facilities are provided on the 
 grounds. The exchange hall is in a building covering 60X240 feet, in 
 which are the offices of the company, and of numerous firms engaged 
 in the live stock trade. There are thirty-two extensive packing houses 
 in the immediate vicinity of the yards. The yards were first opened 
 Dec. 25, 1865, and have since been greatly enlarged and improved. 
 The receipts at the stockyards during the year 1883 were : Live hogs, 
 5,640,625; dressed hogs, 55,538; cattle, 1,878,944; sheep, 749,917. 
 The yards are owned by the Union Stock Yards and Transit Com- 
 pany. 
 
266 
 
 MARQUIS' BAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Trade Associations : — The principal trade associations, other than 
 exchanges, are shown in the following table : 
 
 NAME. 
 
 o -rH 
 
 1882 
 
 1875 
 1884 
 
 1878 
 1883 
 
 1878 
 1876 
 1882 
 
 1880 
 
 1882 
 
 6* 
 
 O CD 
 
 15 
 50 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 65 
 
 75 
 145 
 
 Anthracite Coal Association.. 
 Board of Marine Underwriters. 
 Boss Horse Shoers' Protective 
 
 Boss Horse Shoers' Protective 
 
 Association 
 
 Chicago Board of Underwrit'rs 
 Chicago Boot, Shoe and Leath- 
 
 Chicago Brickmakers' Asso'n. 
 Chicago Drapers' and Tailors' 
 
 Chicago Jewelers' Association. 
 
 Chicago Liveryman's Associ'n. 
 
 Chicago Master Masons' and 
 Builders' Association 
 
 Chicago Master Plumbers' As- 
 sociation 
 
 NAME. 
 
 Chicago Retail Coal Dealers' 
 Association 
 
 Chicago Vessel Owners' Ass'n. 
 
 Chicago Cigar Manuf'rs' and 
 Dealers' Association 
 
 Custom Cutters' Association.. 
 
 Lumber Manufac'rs' Associa- 
 tion of the North West 
 
 National Association of Lum- 
 ber Dealers 
 
 Pork Packers' Association 
 
 Railway Exchange 
 
 State Protective Association 
 (liquor dealers) 
 
 Underwriters' Exchange 
 
 Watchmakers' and Jewelers' 
 Association 
 
 Western Railroad Association . 
 
 o -rt 
 
 1883 
 1881 
 
 1877 
 
 1873 
 
 1877 
 1872 
 1884 
 
 18 
 
 80 
 
 1880 
 1867 
 
 O <D 
 
 125 
 
 180 
 25 
 
 100 
 
 1000 
 30 
 30 
 
 750 
 25 
 
 82 
 
 The Lumber Manufacturers' Association of the Northwest was 
 organized March 18, 1873. It aims to further the interests of its 
 members, by united action among them, in everything that pertains to 
 operations in lumber in Chicago and the Northwest. It collects and 
 publishes, annually, statistics touching the prices, sales, production 
 and consumption of lumber and other matters of general interest. 
 E. S. Hotchkiss, 252 South Water Street, is secretary. 
 
 The Chicago Clearing House Association was organized in 1865, 
 and incorporated in 1882. The object was to substitute a safer and 
 more convenient method of settlements and collections between banks 
 than the old-time system of messengers. Nineteen banks send their 
 messengers at eleven o'clock every morning to the Clearing House at 
 No. 80 LaSalle Street, and there in a few minutes transact the whole 
 business that previously required several hours' time. The "losing 
 banks," as those are called which bring in a smaller amount of checks 
 on other banks than the latter bring in on them, are required to settle 
 the balance before 12:30 o'clock, and the "gaining banks" come in 
 after that time for balances due them. Many private bankers make 
 their clearings through members of the Clearing House Association. 
 About $1,400,000 change hands through the Clearing House every day. 
 
THE EARLY TAVERNS AND THE LEADING HOTELS OF TO-DAY 
 AND THEIR RATES. 
 
 THE first tavern in Chicago was built in 1828 by James Kinzie, and 
 was opened in 1829, by Archibald Caldwell, as Caldwell's Tavern. 
 It was located on Wolf Point, and was afterward known as Wolf Tav- 
 ern. An illustration on page 11 shows the building as it appeared in 
 1830. Samuel Miller opened a tavern on the east side of the "North 
 Branch " in 1830, which he called the " Miller House." The building, 
 a small log cabin, which afterward became the famous Sauganash Hotel, 
 was improved, by a frame addition, in 1831, by Mark Beaubien, and was 
 the first frame house in the city, and is generally spoken of as the first 
 hotel in Chicago. It stood on the south side of Lake Street at the 
 corner of Market. The Green Tree Tavern, corner of Lake and Canal 
 Streets, was built in 1833. The first Tremont House was also built in 
 1833. From this date hotel enterprises increased rapidly with the 
 growth of the village and city. The Green Tree, afterward the Chicago 
 Hotel, and later the Lake Street House, ceased its existence as a hotel 
 in 1859. In 1880, the building, a quaint frame structure, was removed 
 to No. 35 Milwaukee Avenue, where it still stands. In 1835 the West- 
 ern Hotel, a two -story frame building which still stands at the south- 
 east corner of Canal and Randolph Streets, was erected. The Lake 
 House was also built in 1835, at the corner of Kinzie and Rush 
 Streets. It was a brick structure and the first really costly hotel in the 
 city, the cost of building and furniture being about $100,000. But it 
 is with the hotels of the present that we have to do. The hotel facil- 
 ities of Chicago to-day are equal to, if not superior to any city in the 
 country, if not in the world. 
 
 The Palmer House, corner State and Monroe Streets, is one of the larg- 
 est and grandest hotels in the world. It occupies the site of the old Palmer 
 House which was destroyed by the great fire. It was opened for the 
 reception of guests Nov. 1, 1873. The cost of the building, which is 
 fire proof, was $2,000,000, and over $500,000 were expended in fur- 
 nishing it. It is six stories in height above the basement, and has a 
 
268 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 frontage on State Street of 281 feet, and on Monroe Street of 253 feet, 
 and an L extending through to Wabash Avenue 131 feet in width. The 
 fronts are of stone. An additional story was added in 1884 and 
 the hotel now contains 815 rooms. The grand hall through which 
 the rotunda is reached is 28 feet wide and 70 feet long. Its wainscot- 
 ing is of thirty -four different kinds and colors of marble. The rotunda 
 is 64X106 feet, and the floor, office counters and staircase are all of 
 Italian marble. The grand reception room and the Egyptian parlor, 
 are furnished in the most artistic and luxuriant manner. The bridal 
 chambers of the Palmer are celebrated ; the furniture is unique and 
 costly, and in the frescoes are cupids and doves, wreaths of flowers and 
 filmy veils of lace. The ball room is 40X140 feet, and through its 
 center is a row of fluted columns finished in artistically blended colors. 
 The grand dining hall is 64 feet wide and 76 feet long ; the archi- 
 tectural decorations are in old Corinthian order, treated in modern 
 French style. The club room is 60x 30 feet, the floor is of marble tiling, 
 and the sides are laid in colored tiling to the height of four feet. The 
 ladies' and gentlemen's cafe is in the rear of the rotunda, and the 
 lunch room is situated on the State Street front, just south of the main 
 entrance. The Palmer is conducted on both the American and Euro- 
 pean plan. The charges range from $3.00 to $6.00 per day for room 
 and board, and from $1.00 to $2.00 for room without board. It is one 
 of the great institutions of Chicago ; and at times of popular excite- 
 ment the focus of interest is here ; and it is here that the prominent 
 political leaders of the Democratic party congregate to exchange 
 views and discuss topics of political moment. The hotel was built by 
 Potter Palmer, and is now owned by the Palmer House Company. 
 Willis Howe is manager. 
 
 The Grand Pacific Hotel fronts on Clark, Jackson, LaSalle and 
 Quincy Streets, and covers an entire half-square of ground. It stands 
 on the site of the Pacific Hotel which had just been completed at the 
 time of the great fire. Like its predecessor, it was built by the Pacific 
 Hotel Company, but is much larger and costlier than the original struct- 
 ure. It is just across the street from the postoffice on the east, and the 
 new Board of Trade Building on the south. Its erection was com- 
 menced soon after the great fire of 1871, and it was completed and 
 opened June 3, 1873. The hotel is conducted on the American plan, 
 the terms being from $3 to $5 per day. The building is of a mixed 
 style of architecture, the three main fronts being of stone. It is six 
 stories high above the basement, massive and solid, and one of the 
 
270 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ornaments and attractions of the city. Near the main entrance on 
 Clark Street is a grand court 70X70 feet, in which is the office, com- 
 manding a view of each entrance. Near the LaSalle Street entrance, 
 and also connected with the grand court, is an ''exchange" 100X60 
 feet. The parlors, dining halls and kitchen and culinary depart- 
 ment are on the second floor. The grand parlor fronts on Jackson 
 Street, and is 100X24 feet. The dining room is 130X60 feet. A grand 
 promenade from the parlors to the dining room is 30X130 feet, and the 
 corridors are twelve feet wide. In all there are over 500 rooms in the 
 house. The annual game dinner given at the Grand Pacific has become 
 famous, and the cuisine on all occasions is noted for its excellence. 
 The Grand Pacific is the meeting place of many clubs and societies, not 
 only local but also state and national in character. It is also the principal 
 headquarters in the west of the Republican party, and has been the 
 scene of many exciting political events. The cost of the building was 
 $1,300,000, and the furniture $360,000. The present proprietors, 
 John B. Drake &■ Co., took charge Dec. 25, 1874. 
 
 The Tremont House, on the corner of Dearborn and Lake Streets, 
 is one of the oldest, best and most attractive hotels in the city. It was 
 first erected in 1833, on the opposite corner of the street, rebuilt in 
 1839-40 on the present site, and again in 1850. It was remodeled 
 and greatly improved in 1861, the entire structure being raised about 
 seven feet, and new foundations placed under it ; and in 1871 it was 
 destroyed by the great fire. The present structure was completed in 
 1874 at a cost of about $700,000, including the furniture. The Tre- 
 mont was founded by Hanson Sweet, and passed into the hands of Ira 
 and James Couch in 1836, and is still owned by the Couch estate. The 
 building far surpasses its predecessors in size and architectural beauty, 
 and it is one of the most luxuriantly furnished hotels in the country. 
 It covers 50,000 square feet of ground. It is six stories high above the 
 basement, crowned with five towers of two stories each. The fronts 
 are of Amherst (Ohio) sandstone, carved and otherwise ornamented. 
 The office is in the rotunda, 50X100 feet, on the ground floor, and is 
 a model of architectural art. It is surmounted by lighted domes and 
 the woodwork of black walnut is very elaborate. The parlors, drawing 
 and reception rooms are on the second floor, as is also the culinary 
 department. The grand dining hall is 64x100 feet. There a-e about 
 300 private rooms for guests. The Tremont is conducted on the Ameri- 
 can plan, the rates ranging from $3.00 to $4.00 per day. It is popu- 
 lar as a family and business men's hotel. It is farther north than any 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 271 
 
 other first-class hotel in the city, and in the midst of a busy wholesale 
 district. John A. Eice & Co., the present proprietors, took charge in 
 1879. 
 
 The Leland is one of the best conducted hotels in the United States. 
 It is situated on the southwest corner of Michigan Boulevard and Jack- 
 son Street, overlooking Lake Park and the broad expanse of Lake 
 Michigan, the view being one of great beauty and grandeur. The 
 great Exposition Building is just across the street on the northeast; 
 
 The Leland Hotel, Michigan Boulevard, Corner Jackson Street. 
 
 the new Pullman Building— which is said to be the finest .business block 
 in the world— stands just one square north ; the Chicago Art Institute 
 is removed one square to the south, while the Postoffice and Custom 
 House are only three squares away on the west ; and the new Board of 
 Trade Building and many other places of interest and note are in the 
 neighborhood. The building is an imposing brick structure. It is six 
 stories high above the basement and is massive and solid, and essen- 
 tially fire proof. Each of the main fronts is provided with numerous 
 iron balconies, and iron fire-escapes, accessible from hallways on each 
 floor, furnish easy means of escape in case of fire. The hotel contains 
 216 rooms, and is sumptuously furnished throughout. It is more 
 
272 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 exclusive than any other hotel in Chicago, being the stopping place of 
 the very best class of people and the permanent home of many wealthy 
 and aristocratic citizens. It is conducted on the American plan, the 
 rates ranging from $3.00 to $5.00 per day. Warren F. Leland has 
 been proprietor and manager since April, 1881. 
 
 McCoy's European Hotel is the best appointed and most elegant 
 hotel west of New York, conducted exclusively on the European plan ; 
 and it is the only strictly first-class European hotel in Chicago. Its 
 site was well chosen, being easily accessible from all parts of the city. 
 It is just across the street from the Rock Island and Lake Shore Depot, 
 and only one sq'iare away from the postoffice ; and it is adjacent to the 
 New Board of Trade and convenient to the large wholesale and retail 
 stores and principal places of amusement and interest. The locality 
 is improving with greater rapidity than any other portion of the city, 
 and many massive and handsome business blocks have recently been 
 erected in the neighborhood. The building is seven stories in height 
 above the basement, and is crowned with three ornamental towers. It 
 was designed by the well-known architect, Greg. Vigeant, is essentially 
 fire proof, and is one of the best constructed and most substantial 
 hotels in the world. The walls are of red pressed brick, and the col- 
 umns, girders, towers, mansard, gables and stairways are all of iron. 
 There is a large double fire escape on each front of the building, imme- 
 diately accessible from hallways on each floor, and each contiguous 
 window is provided with a spacious iron balcony. And a complete iron 
 stairway in the court in the rear, extending the entire height of the build- 
 ing, also affords easy means of escape in case of fire. The building 
 has a frontage of 95^ feet on Clark Street and 110 on Van Buren, and a 
 court in the rear separates it from all other buildings. There are 200 
 rooms for guests, and each apartment is luxuriously furnished, and pro- 
 vided with all modern conveniences. The finish of the first two stories 
 is of hard wood — oak. The rotunda, in which is situated the office 
 commanding a view of each entrance, is located on the second floor. 
 It is reached by wide stairways from both streets, and by a superb 
 hydraulic elevator near the Van Buren Street entrances. The three 
 main parlors and tie reception and club rooms are on the same floor, 
 and all the rooms on the entire floor are so arranged that they can be 
 thrown into one grand salon, at pleasure. The restaurant is on the 
 first floor, and adjoining the grand dining-hall are convenient private 
 dining and toilet-rooms. The Ave upper stories are divided into suites 
 and single rooms, each with natural light and perfect ventilation, and 
 
McCovs New European Hotel, Clark and Van Buren Streets. 
 
274 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 a new and original system of alarms by which every guest may be 
 immediately awakened, this being the only hotel in the world having 
 this device. Everything seems to have been done to make the house 
 homelike, comfortable and attractive. The rates range from $1 a day 
 upwards. The cost of the hotel was about $500,000. It was com- 
 pleted and opened June 1, 1884, and has rapidly grown in popular 
 favor. Wm. McCoy is the sole owner and proprietor. The first Mc- 
 Coy's Hotel was located at 140 and 142 Madison Street, and Avas orig- 
 inally called Burk's Hotel. Mr. McCoy bought it in 1879, and afterward 
 changed the name to McCoy's Hotel. 
 
 The Sherman House is on the corner of Clark and Eandolph 
 Streets, opposite to the new City Hall. The present building was 
 opened to guests in the spring of 1873. It is seven stories high above 
 the basement and has a tower on each front rising two stories higher. 
 The fronts are of Kankakee stone, light brown in color, and the entire 
 building is solid and substantial. It fronts 181ifeet on Clark Street and 
 161 feet on Randolph. There are about 300 rooms for guests. The 
 dining room is 115x144 feet. The Sherman was furnished at a cost 
 of $360,000. The building cost $600,000. As a family hotel it is 
 unexcelled, and it is a popular resort for the best class of commercial 
 travelers. It is the headquarters of the State Board of Agriculture and 
 the meeting place of numerous societies. The first hotel on the site 
 was built in 1836 and was called the City Hotel. This was supplanted 
 in 1861 by a better building which was destroyed by the great fire, 
 1871. The Sherman took its name from F. C. Sherman, formerly 
 mayor of the city, by whom it was built. The rates are from $3.00 
 to $5.00 per day. J. Irving Pearce has been the proprietor since 
 July, 1882. 
 
 Other Hotels.— The following are among the better class of hotels 
 not heretofore mentioned : Clifton House, corner Wabash Avenue and 
 Monroe Street, 165 rooms, rates $2.50 to $3.00 per day. Commercial 
 Hotel, Lake and Dearborn Streets, the great $2.00 per day house 
 of the^city ; 300 rooms. Matteson House, Wabash Avenue and Jackson 
 Street, 200 rooms, $2.50 to $3.00 per day. Briggs House, Randolph 
 Street, corner Fifth Avenue, 150 rooms, $2.00 to $2.50 per day. 
 Atlantic Hotel, corner Van Buren and LaSalle Streets, 160 rooms, 
 $2.00 per day. Gault House, Madison and Clinton Streets (West Side), 
 125 rooms, $2.00 to $2.50 per day. Brevoort House (European plan), 
 145 Madison Street, 125 rooms, $1.00 to $1.50 per day. Windsor 
 European Hotel, 147 Dearborn Street, 75 cents to $2.00 per day. 
 
REAL ESTATE SALES, PROMINENT REAL ESTATE DEALERS, 
 AGENTS AND LOAN BROKERS. 
 
 THE real estate interests of Chicago are naturally of immensely 
 greater magnitude than any other line of investment, and are grow- 
 ing rapidly and constantly with the growth of the city. This class of 
 property is far less subject to violent fluctuation than any other, and 
 although there have been several reactions in the history of Chicago, 
 resulting from speculative ' ; booms" that placed prices far in advance 
 of the time, the market was never long in recovering and carrying up 
 the ruling rates more firmly than before, thus proving the highest 
 figures to have been merely anticipative. The story of these fluctua- 
 tions, with notes of the rise of realty in value, the improvement in 
 building operations, the movements of the bonded debt, and other 
 matters bearing upon the real estate interests of the city, appear in the 
 opening chapter of this work. 
 
 The aggregates of real estate sales during the last decade will convey 
 some idea of the extent of these interests. They are shown in the fol- 
 lowing table : 
 
 1874, total sales $67,871,653 1879, total sales. $38,123,39 1 
 
 1875, " 53,149,852 1880, " 43,632,922 
 
 1876, " 42,153,596 1881, " 54,859,186 
 
 1877, " 38,153,291 1882, " ...., 65,735,185 
 
 1878, " 42,126,821 1883, " 44,164,243 
 
 Grand total tor ten years, $489,990,623. The sales for the two years immedi- 
 ately following the great fire of 1871 were: for 1872, $78,183,458; for 1873, 
 $78,427,931. 
 
 , Nearly all of this immense business is transacted by the real estate 
 agents, and a large part of it for extensive owners who reside in the 
 various inoney centers of the world. Hence there is great and wide- 
 spread interest in the subject, and a general desire to know something 
 about those who handle this large volume of investments. With the 
 view of supplying such information, we present herewith brief sketches 
 of a few of the firms and individuals engaged in this line of business, 
 together with special mention of prominent loan brokers and others 
 whose operations are an important factor in the handling and develop- 
 
 275 
 
276 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ment of real property. There are nearly one thousand of these agen- 
 cies in Chicago., buying, selling and managing for themselves and 
 others, many of them on the most extensive scale, and those noted 
 below may be taken as fairly representative of all branches of the 
 business. 
 
 S. H. Kerfoot & Co., No. 91 Dearborn Street. This firm, composed 
 of Samuel H. Kerfoot, Sr., and Samuel H. Kerfoot, Jr., is the oldest real 
 estate firm in Chicago, having, in 1852, succeeded the firm of Kees & 
 Kerfoot. S. H. Kerfoot, Sr., came to the city from Maryland, in 1848, 
 and, by his continuous operations in real estate has contributed very 
 largely to the gigantic growth and success of the city. The mile and a 
 quarter of territory on the south branch of the Chicago River, in which 
 is now transacted the bulk of the enormous lumber business of Chi- 
 cago, was brought into the market through the efforts of Mr. Kerfoot, 
 at a time when it was a beautiful farm, outlying the city. The effect 
 upon the lumber trade alone, by the addition of this land to the city's 
 territory, has been of inestimable value. After the great fire (Oct. 8-9, 
 1871), this firm opened its new office for business on the day following, 
 October the 10th. 
 
 In 1875, having completed his studies, S. H. Kerfoot, Jr., returned 
 from Europe and entered his father's office, and, on the first of January, 
 1880, he was admitted to partnership in the firm. Their operations 
 have been particularly heavy in bulk property, they having been the res- 
 ident agents of some of the largest estates sold in the city. One estate, of 
 about sixty acres, which originally cost less than $40,000, was sold, in 
 lots, to the amount of $1,500,000, by them, and another of less acre- 
 age — taken by the owners, twenty-five years ago, in payment of a hope- 
 less debt— has, during the last four years, sold for more than $400,000, 
 under their management. They act largely for non-resident owners, 
 but their transactions are almost entirely confined to Chicago property. 
 No rentals receive attention, the business being solely that of purchase 
 and sale on firm account, or on commission, and placing loans on 
 realty. Their mnps, atlases and records are at all times open to their 
 clients and the public generally. 
 
 The long experience of this firm has given great weight to their knowl- 
 edge and opinions of not only the present values of real estate, but of 
 such values at different periods within the past thirty years. Conse- 
 quently, such knowledge and opinions are constantly sought and given, 
 both orally and in depositions, in litigations as well as in amicable 
 adjustments of claims and differences. 
 

 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 277 
 
 J. C. Mag-ill & Co., No. 94 "Washington Street, occupy an enviable 
 rank among the real estate firms of the city. The house was founded 
 Jan. 1, 1873, by J. C. Magill, senior partner in the present firm. Mr. 
 S. Wilder was admitted in 1881, having previously been connected 
 with the house for several years, and having spent his business life in 
 real estate connections. Previous to establishing the present business, 
 Mr. Magill had for many years been connected with a wealthy Board of 
 Trade firm, having charge of its extensive real estate interests. Messrs. 
 J. C. Magill & Co. do a general real estate commission business, buying, 
 selling, renting, collecting, paying taxes, negotiating loans, managing 
 property for non-residents, etc. They have a very large and increasing 
 business in all lines, visiting all parts of the country in the interests of 
 their clients. They make a specialty of local investments, renting 
 business and residence property, buying and selling improved and 
 unimproved Chicago realty on commission, and building and selling 
 flats and other houses. They are agents for many capitalists in Can- 
 ada, Cincinnati, New York, Boston, and elsewhere, and manage a large 
 amount of realty for non-residents. Among other property in their 
 charge are the following well-known flats: "Mentone," "Calumet," 
 "Talbott," "Hyde," "Mara," " Streeter," "Tucker," etc. They also 
 give special attention to making investments for non-residents, for 
 which their knowledge and experience give them important advan- 
 tages, both borrowers and capitalists finding most favorable opportu- 
 nities through this house. They employ five salesmen of thorough 
 acquaintance with the real estate trade, and a corps of competent 
 clerks. Their office is centrally located, and the house 's in every way 
 admirably equipped for the satisfactory transaction of the extensive 
 business they have built up by enterprise, judgment and hard work. 
 They are noted for successfully conducting transactions of great mag- 
 nitude, and for having placed some of the heaviest mortgage loans 
 in the west. They handle a large amount of improved and unimproved 
 farm lands, and the demand for their aid in real estate negotiations 
 extends into New England and Canada, where they have effected some 
 important sales and purchases. The strict rule of this house is to 
 secure the best investments, rents, etc., identifying their clients' inter- 
 ests with their own, and attending to all business entrusted to them in 
 a conscientious and thorough manner. Long experience, careful judg- 
 ment and high standing, have given Messrs. Magill & Co. a commanding 
 position among all interested in real estate transactions, and their 
 opinion is constantly solicited in all matters involving real estate values, 
 
278 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 and they are constantly called upon to testify in legal proceedings 
 affecting the most important real estate interests. 
 
 F. A. Henshaw, real estate and renting agent, Room 4 National Life 
 Building, 161 LaSalle Street, is an active member of the Real Estate 
 Board, and has conducted his present business for the past twelve 
 years. He does a general real estate business, but makes the renting 
 and sale of residences a specialty, and confines himself to city prop- 
 erty, with regard to which he is thoroughly posted. He manages very 
 satisfactorily a large line of realty belonging to non-residents, and also 
 transacts a considerable business in loans and mortgages. He repre- 
 sents owners in all parts of the country, and his prompt returns com- 
 mand increasing patronage. 
 
 Nelson Thomasson, Room 3, northwest corner of Washington and 
 Dearborn Streets, is both agent and dealer, giving his attention to buy- 
 ing and selling for himself and others. He makes a specialty of busi- 
 ness property (stores) and boulevard and acre property, and has con- 
 ducted some extensive transactions, especially in acre property, from 
 which his clients have realized large profits. In one case he made 
 $40,000 for a client by an investment in Pitner's subdivision. He is 
 also very successful in favorably locating manufactories, and has se- 
 cured many advantageous sites, especially along the Belt Railway. 
 He established the present business in 1870, and his long experience 
 enables him to avail himself of all desirable opportunities, which 'ad- 
 vantage he employs freely for the advancement of the interest of his 
 extensive list of patrons. He always has a list of desirable property to 
 offer investors at great bargains. As to personal standing he refers 
 to all Chicago banks. 
 
 Searl & Zander— Geo. A. Searl and E. W. Zander— No. 69 South Clin- 
 ton Street, are successors of C. E. Holmes, who established the busi- 
 ness in 1855, at its present location, and contributed largely to the 
 development of West Side property. After his death, in 1877, the 
 present firm was formed, Mr. Searl having been long with Mr. Holmes. 
 This is the oldest real estate office on the West Side, and a familiar 
 landmark in that division. The firm does a general real estate busi- 
 ness, buying and selling, managing estates, placing loans, etc., and 
 represents large resident and non-resident interests. The specialty is 
 renting, and the West Side containing the greatest percentage of the 
 population, affords an exceptionally fine field for that class of opera- 
 tions. The firm is energetic, and derives a large income from the vast 
 properties it controls. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 279 
 
 Andrews, Burhans & Cooper, Kooms 3 and 4, No. 102 Washington 
 Street, in May, 1883, succeeded the firm of Andrews & Burhans, organ- 
 ized in 1880. Messrs. T. F. Andrews and W. D. Cooper rank among 
 the representative real estate men of the city, having been in the bus- 
 iness fifteen years. Mr. Burhans has for many years devoted his atten- 
 tion to the law relating to real estate and to the examination and 
 perfecting of titles. The firm does a general real estate and financial 
 business, making a specialty of real estate paper and the handling 
 of corporate bonds. The financial negotiations are conducted by Mr. 
 Andrews ; the renting, loan and general brokerage department by Mr. 
 Cooper, and the legal business by Mr. Burhans. The transactions rank 
 among the most important in their line, as their clientage is large, 
 embracing many prominent corporations and capitalists. 
 
 C. H. Mulliken, 107 Dearborn Street, occupies a prominent position 
 among the representative real estate men of this city. A real estate 
 owner himself, he is amply responsible for all pecuniary interests 
 intrusted to his care ; and fifteen years' practical experience in the bus- 
 iness, to which he has given his undivided attention, gives him special 
 advantages for the promotion of the interests of clients. Familiar with 
 the value of property in all sections of the city and suburbs, his opin- 
 ion on all matters relating to real estate ought to be good, and he is 
 not infrequently solicited by leading real estate firms to make valua- 
 tions of property. The principal feature of his business is the care 
 and management of property for non-residents and others, and his 
 clientage in this line is large, especially among New England owners. 
 He buys and sells real estate in the city and suburbs, and acre property 
 in anv part of the county, on commission ; he negotiates loans and 
 mortgages, and, in fact, promptly attends to all transactions belonging 
 to a legitimate real estate business. He refers, by permission, to the 
 Commercial National Bank of this city. 
 
 Lyman & Giddings, 101 Washington Street, constitute a real estate 
 firm of many years' experience, and possessing a reputation of the 
 highest order and a patronage of the most substantial character. 
 Thomas Lyman, the seni- r member of the firm, founded the house in 
 18G0, and has ever since been active in important real estate transac- 
 tions. He has built some of the best business blocks in the city — 
 among others the well-known Portland Block — and has had the man- 
 agement of many of the most valuable properties ; and he is himself a 
 large real estate owner. L. Komeyn Giddings was admitted to partner- 
 ship in 1880. They do a general real estate business, buying and sell- 
 
280 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ing on their own account and for others. They make a specialty of the 
 investment of capital and the management of property for non-res- 
 idents. 
 
 Wm. D. Kerfoot & Co. are located at No. 90 Washington Street. 
 No firm more conspicuously represents the energy, enterprise and 
 decision which characterize Chicago. Established in 1862 by Mr. 
 Kerfoot, his associates— "Wm. A. Merigold and George Birkhoff, Jr., — 
 who had been employes of the office from its foundation, were admit- 
 ted to membership in 1871. At that period their office was at No. 89 
 Washington Street, their location then as now being in the business 
 center. They do a general real estate business, make loans on city 
 improved property, and deal in first mortgage securities on realty. 
 They have the entire confidence of the public, managing, with care and 
 economy, many millions worth of property belonging to individuals, 
 corporations and estates. The firm give special attention to the inter- 
 ests of non-residents, keep property in repair, place insurance, pay 
 taxes and rent, and collect and dispose of the income in. any manner 
 desired. Kerfoot & Co. pay a larger amount of taxes than any other 
 firm in the city, and represent residents of every section of the United 
 States and Canadas. They are thoroughly posted, and promptly 
 answer all inquiries, in person or by letter, with reliable information. 
 
 Henry C. Morey & Co., No. 85 Washington Street, are among the 
 old and honored firms in the real estate business, in which they have 
 been engaged since 1852. Though severely tested by the fire and 
 financial panic, they have built up a large business by conservative 
 management and close attention to the interests of their customers. 
 They transact a general real estate and loan business, buy and sell for 
 parties at home or abroad ; have charge of several valuable estates, and 
 act as agents for extensive corporations, many of them heavy eastern 
 concerns with capital of one or more millions. Mr. Morey is president 
 of the Eeal Estate Board, numbering about 80 members, which he 
 was largely instrumental in establishing. 
 
 Godfrey Schmid, Boom 14, No. 79 Dearborn Street, confines his 
 operations mainly to local interests, but does all business for non-resi- 
 dents that comes without solicitation, as he prefers unostentatious 
 methods. He negotiates sales and purchases of improved or unim- 
 proved realty, collects rents, and places loans and insurance on im- 
 proved property. The business was established in 1878, and though 
 young compared with some others, it has steadily grown under active 
 and conservative management. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 281 
 
 Peterson & Bay, 163 Eandolph Street, established, in 1874, a bank 
 of discount and deposit, making collections, dealing in foreign 
 exchange, and doing a general banking business. They also estab- 
 lished, in connection with the bank, a real estate business to buy and 
 sell realty, manage property for non-residents and others, collect rents, 
 pay taxes, insurance, repairs, etc., and generally look after the interests 
 of clients. They have a large line of valuable patronage in both 
 branches, keep an attractive list of investment securities, and do a 
 large business in mortgage loans, representing many heavy capitalists. 
 Mr. Andrew Peterson attends to the banking department, and Mr. Geo. 
 P. Bay to the real estate. The firm has an extensive clientage, and 
 ranks among the strongest business firms in the city. 
 
 P. E. Stanley, 96 Washington Street, has been prominently identi- 
 fied with real estate, and kindred interests in Chicago for over ten 
 years, having been established early in 1874. His business has had a 
 steady growth from the beginning, and his house has become widely 
 and favorably known, having been the agency through which many of 
 the most important transactions in real estate and loans in this city 
 have been effected. He biiys and sells real estate on commission, in 
 any part of the country, but makes a specialty of first-class improved 
 Chicago and suburban realty. He negotiates loans on improved real 
 estate, and makes investments for capitalists, non-residents and others 
 seeking safe investment of their surplus funds, and has invested large 
 sums of money for eastern corporations and capitalists, in Chicago 
 property. He acts largely for non-residents, and takes exclusive charge 
 of estates, paying taxes, collecting rents and generally looking after 
 the interests of clients. Special attention is given to tax abstracts, and 
 long experience and familiarity with this branch of the business has 
 given the house every facility for promptly furnishing reliable infor- 
 mation relating to the tax records of all property in Cook County. The 
 closest and most careful attention to the interests of clients is the 
 strict rule of the house. 
 
 Haddock, Vallette & Rickcords, abstract makers, 85 Dearborn Street, 
 constitute a thoroughly representative firm in the important branch of 
 the real estate interest to which they are devoted. Their facilities for 
 accuracy and despatch in the work of giving the history of Cook 
 County realty are the very best ; and their long acquaintance with the 
 importance and responsibility of the business has given the public a 
 confidence in their work that can only be obtained by years of careful 
 and painstaking labor. 
 
282 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Samuel Gehr, 114 Dearborn Street, has been a resident of Chicago 
 for more than thirty years, and has occupied his present office for more 
 than twenty years. He does a general real estate and loan business, 
 making a specialty of placing loans and investments on Chicago prop- 
 erty for eastern capitalists, for whom he does a large business. He also 
 takes full charge of property for non-residents, renting, collecting, 
 paying taxes, repairs, insurance, etc. The business was established in 
 1861, by Luther Haven & Co., but two years later the senior partner 
 was appointed Collector of this Port by President Lincoln, since which 
 time Mr. Gehr has conducted it alone. There are few men in the city 
 with as extended and valuable experience as Mr. Gehr has enjoyed in 
 the real estate business, and none better posted or more reliable in trans- 
 actions of any magnitude. 
 
 Edward Goodridge & Co., 259 "West Madison Street, is one of the 
 representative real estate firms of the West Side. The senior member 
 of the firm, Edward Goodridge, has been actively engaged in the real 
 estate business for more than a quarter of a century. During that time 
 nearly all the western portion of the city, known as the West Side, has 
 grown up. The other two members of the firm, James S. and Albert 
 E. G. Goodridge, were admitted in 1880, both having previously had 
 considerable experience in the business. The transactions of the firm 
 embrace everything belonging to a general real estate, house renting 
 and collection business, special attention being paid to buying and 
 selling property, renting houses and collecting rents. Non-residents' 
 property is carefully attended to, and the interests of all clients are 
 faithfully guarded. Special care is also given to the placing of loans, 
 and the firm is constantly making investments for eastern and Euro- 
 pean capitalists. Eeference, Traders' Bank, Chicago, 
 
 Wm. Garnett & Co. are located at No. 180 Dearborn Street. The 
 business was established in 1868 by William Garnett, the senior mem- 
 ber of the present firm. John L. Garnett was admitted in 1880. They 
 buy and sell all kinds of improved and unimproved real estate in the 
 city and county. They manage estates and give special attention to 
 management of property for non-residents, and solicit correspondence 
 with all persons having real estate to be looked after, either in the city 
 or the county. They negotiate loans, pay taxes, collect rents, in fact 
 conduct a general real estate and renting business. Sixteen years of 
 uninterrupted experience in real estate transactions give the firm all 
 the advantages known to the business. Eeference, L. J. Gage, First 
 National Bank. 
 
MARQUIS* HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 283 
 
 Henry A. Osborn, Koom 1, Empire Block, 128 LaSalle Street, has 
 been a resident of Chicago for over thirty years, and was for many 
 years paying teller in a leading bank, but in 1873 entered his present 
 business with his father, the firm being H. Osborn & Son. Five years 
 later the father retired, leaving the son with a valuable patronage, 
 which he has since largely increased by his energy and judgment. He 
 does a general real estate business, but makes a specialty of handling 
 desirable investment property. In this line a great deal of West Mad- 
 ison Street property has passed under his hands, Lis sales on that street 
 alone aggregating several hundred thousand dollars, and affording 
 very profitable investments for his patrons, who have realized largely 
 on their outlay. He attends to renting, collecting, paying taxes, etc., 
 and is prepared to place mortgage loans advantageously, and commands 
 favorable opportunities in every department of the business. 
 
 Willis Drummond, Jr., 94 Washington Street, for nearly four years 
 Western Land Commissioner for the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 
 Railway, resigned that position Jan. 1, 1883, and opened an office in 
 this city for the purchase and sale of western lands ; and in less than 
 two years he has built up one of the most extensive private land busi- 
 nesses in the city. His transactions are confined almost exclusively to 
 lands in northern Iowa and southern Minnesota, and he represents 
 Close Bros. & Co. and the Western Land Co. , and the large tracts owned 
 or controlled by him in the sections named include some of the best 
 agricultural lands in the two states. He also does a large business in 
 the purchase and sale of government land scrip of every description, 
 this being a special feature in the transactions of his house. He is at 
 all times prepared to furnish the fullest information as to location and 
 price of lands, terms, etc. 
 
 Pierce & Ware, 143 LaSalle Street, are leading real estate, renting 
 and financial brokers. The business was established in 1874, by Wm. 
 L. Pierce, and two years later E. C. Ware was admitted. Mr. Pierce 
 was one of the organizers of the Real Estate Board, and has been in the 
 real estate business for sixteen years. Mr. Ware was previously in the 
 real estate firm of Stores & Ware. The house has clients who have been 
 constant patrons for many years. The transactions embrace every- 
 thing belonging to a legitimate real estate, loan and renting business, 
 and prompt returns are a special feature. They give particular atten- 
 tion to buying, selling and renting business property, especially stores 
 and the better class of residences. Their sales during the past two years 
 aggregate over $2,000,000. 
 
284 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 A. S. Maltman & Co. have steadily advanced to a prominent place 
 among the progressive real estate firms of Chicago. They occupy two 
 commodious rooms at No. 95 Dearborn Street — the location being 
 especially favorable for real estate transactions. They were formerly 
 a leading South Water Street commission firm, founded by Mr. Malt- 
 man, and after the great fire of 1871 their commission warehouse, cor- 
 ner of South Water and Dearborn Streets, was the first building 
 re-erected in that section. In 1871 they commenced buying and sell- 
 ing real estate on their own account, but recently entered fully into the 
 business on commissions. Their operations now embrace everything 
 pertaining to legitimate real estate transactions. They also deal largely 
 in stocks, bonds and first-class commercial paper, this being one of 
 their leading specialties. They negotiate mortgage loans on first-class 
 city property, and invest money for capitalists and others seeking 
 profitable investment of their surplus funds. Another feature of the 
 business is the erecting of residences in selected neighborhoods, and 
 designed to meet a growing demand of the more genteel classes of 
 limited means for cheap and comfortable homes. They have recently 
 built twenty such houses on the North Side, and a like number on the 
 West Side, which rent at prices ranging from $14 to $18 per month. 
 Thus Messrs. Maltman & Co. have been the means of supplying desira- 
 ble homes to many deserving families. Among the valuable properties 
 placed in their charge is the school property of Lake View, which rep- 
 resents a value of $30,000. They also control a subdivision of 164 
 lots at Park Eidge, and an unplatted subdivision at Washington 
 Heights, both popular suburbs. 
 
 Knight & Marshall, 97 Clark Street, Kooms 9 and 10 (John B. 
 Knight and James M. Marshall), are real estate, loan and financial agents, 
 making a specialty of renting and c >llecting, negotiating l^ans, pre- 
 paring all kinds of real estate papers, buying and selling on commis- 
 sion, and giving special care to the management of property for non- 
 residents. The house was established in its present location in 1854, 
 by the father of the junior msmber of the present firm, Mr. Knight 
 succeeding in 1877. and Mr. Marshall being admitted in 1881, on 
 attaining his majority. They have an extensive list of non-resident 
 clients, Avhose property they handle with care and economy, and make 
 prompt and satisfactory returns. They have extensive patronage in all 
 branches of their business, and have effected many large transactions. 
 They bring a valuable experience to bear in behalf of their patrons, 
 and stand high among the best class of business firms of the city. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 285 
 
 Bogue & Hoyt, 174 Dearborn Street, composed of Geo. M. Bogue, 
 Henry W. Hoyt and Hamilton B. Bogue, were organized in 1873, as 
 successors to the senior partner, who established the business in 1867. 
 They have at all times on their books a large line of improved and 
 unimproved property for sale, in the most desirable locations for 
 investment, and do an extensive business in mortgage loans on first- 
 class real estate security. They buy and sell on commission, and give 
 special attention to the care and management of property for non-res- 
 idents, rent property, collect rents and pay taxes. They have also been 
 very successful in buying acre property suitable for subdivision and sale 
 in "ots, their transactions in this line proving profitable to all concerned. 
 They handled a very large amount of residence property during the 
 past few years, especially on the South Side, having extensive and 
 desirable property along Drexel and Grand Boulevards, and in the 
 attractive Kenwood section, in Hyde Park and along the lake shore and 
 along the route of the suburban trains of the Illinois Central Kailroad, 
 in all of which their list embraces many of the handsomest and most 
 favorable building sites to be found anywhere around the city. The 
 firm brings a large experience to bear in all its transactions, and occu- 
 pies a leading position in the business. 
 
 Gibbs & Calkins, 153 LaSalle Street, ground floor, conduct an exten- 
 sive and steadily increasing real estate business, embracing all transac- 
 tions apperta ; ning to that line of enterprise. The house was founded 
 by Frederick C. Gibbs, the senior partner, in 1877, and three years 
 Liter Charles K. Calkins was admitted. Both gentlemen have been 
 residents of Chicago for nearly thirty years, are thoroughly informed 
 in all the details of their business, and have acquired command of the 
 most favorable opportunities for the benefit of investing clients. They 
 deal in real estate for themselves and others ; manage property for non- 
 residents and others ; collect rents, pay taxes, and in all respects care- 
 fully attend to the interests of their patrons. They make the negotia- 
 tion of loans a special feature of their business, and have placed some 
 very large sums to the entire satisfaction of all concerned. They give 
 their attention principally to city property, of which they always have 
 an extensive list on their books, but they also handle desirable lines of 
 suburban property. They are members of the Real Estate Board, and 
 stand high in real estate and financial circles as business men of char- 
 acter, enterprise and reliability. The firm deservedly enjoys the entire 
 confidence of its clients, for many of whom it has conducted large and 
 profitable operations. 
 
286 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Mead & Coe, 149 LaSalle Street, are general real estate agents. 
 The house was established in 1867, and is perhaps the only one in its 
 line in the city that has remained unchanged in firm during that time. 
 They make the care and management of business property for non- 
 residents—collecting rents, paying taxes, insurance, etc.— a leading 
 feature of their business, and many of the principal office buildings 
 of the city are in their charge, their long experience enabling them to 
 handle such property with unusual success. Negotiating loans on first 
 mortgage security is also an imporant part of their business, and their 
 transactions in this line amount to a large figure annually ; and their 
 conservative methods have won for them the full confidence of the 
 capitalists whom they represent. They also buy and sell real estate on 
 commission, and are thoroughly informed in all matters pertaining to 
 their business. Their judgment in all matters effecting real estate and 
 kindred interests is accepted as authoritative and conclusive. 
 
 O. M. Wells & Co., No. 162 LaSalle Street, Koom 17, established 
 their business about 1879. The firm is composed of O. M. "Wells and 
 J. M. Secrist, the latter having been a real estate operator in this city 
 for twelve years. They handle only their own real estate, improved or 
 unimproved, and make loans on first mortgages to parties purchasing 
 from them, making no deals on commission. They improve lots with 
 attractive, substantial, well-built houses, principally cottages of about 
 six rooms, and sell them on monthly payments, or they advance 
 money for building to purchasers of their lots. They have erected one 
 hundred houses in the past two years, and sold them at $1,500 to 
 $4,000 each. Their plan has found much favor among the working 
 classes, who require cheap houses. They have also recently erected a 
 number of handsome cottages and houses on Fifty-fifth and Fifty- 
 seventh Streets and Wentworth Avenue. 
 
 William V. Jacobs, 109 Dearborn Street (Portland Block), nego- 
 tiates loans on improved Chicago realty, and does an extensive busi- 
 ness in that line for eastern capitalists and insurance companies. He 
 established the business in 1876, and his wide acquaintance and prac- 
 tical knowledge of Chicago property have given him important advan- 
 tages in placing investments. He is also largely interested in the town 
 of Brookline, Hyde Park Township, three miles from the city limits, at 
 Grand Crossing, on the Lake Shore and Fort Wajme Kailroads. During 
 the spring of 1884 he built thirty handsome cottages in this pleasant 
 suburb, each occupying a lot 50X125 feet, and sold on monthly pay- 
 ments at $2,000 apiece. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OB" CHICAGO. 287 
 
 J. Appleton Wilson, Koom 23, 162 LaSalle Street, began to deal in 
 lands and improved city property in 1869, since which time he has 
 been continually engaged in real estate enterprises. At the outset he 
 was appointed trustee of the Kavenswood Land Company, and in that 
 capacity gained a valuable experience. He has been interested in 
 suburban property from the first, and has successfully conducted 
 extensive real estate transactions in nearly all the suburban towns, and 
 particularly in Lawndale and Englewood. He has erected quite a num- 
 ber of cottages and small dwellings in these two suburbs, which are sold 
 on monthly payments at prices ranging from $2,000 to $6,000 each, and 
 he has exclusive charge of King, Scott and Wilson's subdivision in 
 Lawndale. He gives special attention to the management of estates, 
 pays taxes, negotiates loans, collects rents and conducts all other trans- 
 actions belonging to general real estate and financial business. 
 
 James Wilmot, No. 106 Dearborn Street, conducts a general real 
 estate and loan business, buying and selling improved arid unimproved 
 property, and renting and assuming all responsibilities in the care of 
 property for residents and non-residents. His specialty is placing 
 loans on first-class real estate. His transactions in this line are largely 
 for Boston and Massachusetts parties, though his patronage includes 
 clients in all the eastern states, and his success has made his office promi- 
 nent, affording a lucrative income. The business was established 
 twenty years ago by E. C. Cole & Co. Mr. Wilmot became associated 
 with the firm in 1873, and in 1880 succeeded to the sole management, 
 and has continued it in the able and conservative ways of his prede- 
 cessors. Long experience in the business has given Mr. Wilmot a 
 knowledge of real estate values in all sections of the city and suburbs, 
 and his opinion on matters relating to real estate interests is in constant 
 demand. 
 
 F. A. Bragg & Co., 95 Washington Street, do an extensive business 
 in buying and selling real estate, negotiating loans, renting and collect- 
 ing and generally managing property for non-residents and others. Mr. 
 Bragg, who has been a resident of Chicago for a third of a century, 
 established his business in 1867, and has been remarkably successful 
 in it. For about nine years he was City Superintendent of Assess- 
 ments, in which position he acquired information of great advantage 
 in his present pursuit ; and at the outbreak of the late war he was First 
 Assistant Engineer of the Fire Department. Few men are as well posted 
 in Chicago propei^y, or command as implicitly the confidence of own- 
 ers and investors. 
 
288 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 E. S. Dreyer & Co., No. 88 Washington Street, conduct a banking, 
 loan and general real estate business, established in 1865 by the senior 
 member. They place loans on first-class property only, and of the vast 
 number of such loans, aggregating over $8,000,000, not one foot has 
 ever been taken under foreclosure. The firm are agents for parties in 
 all parts of the world. They have established three suburban towns, 
 the largest being Arnoldville, containing 700 lots, upon which 400 
 houses have been erected and sold in four years. In a subdivision at 
 State and Fifty-second Streets, sixty pieces were disposed of in 
 two years, and in another at Halsted and Fifty-third Streets they have 
 recently laid out 100 lots. These lots are sold to the working classes, 
 and money advanced the buyers to build homes. The firm is composed 
 of Mr. E. S. Dreyer, the founder, Mr. Ed. Koch, who has been a mem- 
 ber eight years, and Mr. E. Berger, a partner for six years. 
 
 Francis B. Peabody & Co., No. 107 Dearborn Street, succeeded 
 about nine years ago to the firm of Gallop & Peabody, which was estab- 
 lished in 1866. For about tsn years prior to 1866 Mr. Peabody was 
 engaged in the practice of the law in this city, but since that date he 
 has devoted himself exclusively to the business of investing money 
 upon mortgage loans in Chicago and vicinity. During that period he 
 has placed many millions of dollars for eastern capitalists and corpora- 
 tions, seeking safe investment of their surplus funds ; and, during his 
 long experience, he has found mortgages on Chicago realty to be as 
 safe and reliable investments as government bonds— and at the same 
 time much more productive. Mr. Peabody's legal training, his long 
 experience in his present business, and his thorough familiarity with 
 Chicago real estate and its values, have obtained fo: him the fullest 
 confidence of investors. His house affords to borrowers a convenient 
 and reliable source of obtaining such funds as they require and to cap- 
 italists a safe medium of investment. 
 
 Baird & Bradley, No. 90 LaSalle Street, are successors to Olmsted 
 & Co., established in 1857 by 0. L. Olmsted, Lyman Baird becoming 
 a partner in 1860. After Mr. Olmsted's death in 1862, Mr. Baird con- 
 tinued the business until 1864, when Francis Bradley's name was 
 added. Originally the firm was largely engaged in placing loans for 
 eastern corporations and capitalists. Over $1,000,000 were thus 
 invested, and an extensive life and fire insurance business was also 
 done. Soon after the great fire a renting agency, and a real estate de- 
 partment were added, which now occupy almost their exclusive at- 
 tention, having grown to immense proportions. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 289 
 
 E. A. Cummings & Co. are among the older and most prominent 
 and successful real estate houses in the city ; a representative firm in 
 the best sense of the term. The house was established in 1869 and by 
 enterprise and judgment has created a business of such extent that the 
 present commodious quarters at the southeast corner of Madison and 
 LaSalle Streets, with twelve branch offices, conveniently situated, and 
 an army of clerks and agents, are scarcely more than sufficient to accom- 
 modate the growing demands upon it. They do a general real estate 
 business, have charge of many large estates and extensive properties 
 belonging to corporations, trust and insurance companies and private 
 individuals, and are heavily interested in subdivisions and suburban 
 property. The members of the firm are Edmund A. Cummings, Silas 
 M. Moore, Eobert C. Givins and Chas. 0. Goss ; ail of long experience 
 in the business. They have special facilities for the economical and 
 satisfactory management of property entrusted to them, and therefore 
 give careful attention to every detail. They have made a specialty of 
 cheap building lots, purchasing large tracts and selling them out in lots 
 or. easy payments. In this way they have disposed of some four thou- 
 sand (4,000) lots in the past five years, and have built up the town of 
 Moreland and the subdivisions of Auburn, Douglas Park, Lawndale 
 and many others. They publish the House and Lot Monthly, an inter- 
 esting periodical for all concerned in real estate matters, and mail it 
 free to all who desire it. 
 
 M. Petrie established his business in 1872, and has occupied his 
 present convenient office on the ground floor of No. 163 Washington 
 Street, for the past twelve years. He does a general real estate and 
 renting business, making a specialty of the renting of property in the 
 business center, where he handles an extensive rent-roll. He has 
 exclusive control of Peter Shuttler's property, Conrad Seipp's property, 
 and of the Bush estate, besides other large investments in the same 
 section. Mr. Petrie takes the entire management of property for non- 
 residents, collecting rents, paying taxes, keeping up insurance, repairs, 
 etc. He also negotiates loans on realty, and in all lines of his business 
 his eighteen years' experience enables him to command the most favor- 
 able opportunities for his patrons, many of whom are of long standing, 
 and all of whom find great satisfaction in his close and intelligent 
 attention to their business. 
 
 F. C. Vierling, No. 110 Dearborn Street, is a representative real 
 estate dealer. He has resided in Chicago for the last twenty-nine years. 
 and has had fourteen years' active experience in the business. He oper- 
 
 10 
 
290 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ates in all classes of property, making a specialty of rents and loans, in 
 which his transactions are extensive. From 1879 to 1883 Mr. Vierling 
 was actively engaged in the service of the Western Indiana Eailway 
 Company, and it was mainly through his energy and ability that the 
 company secured by purchase the right of way to the terminus at Polk 
 Street. The transactions involved several millions of dollars, but the 
 enhancement in value of the contiguous property is many times the 
 amount of purchase money expended. He has also been prominently 
 identified with many other real estate transactions of great magnitude 
 and importance, and he is prepared to care for all business matters 
 placed in his hands, in a prompt and satisfactory manner. 
 
 Jas. B. Goodman & Co., 68 Washington Street, stand in the front 
 rank of the real estate houses of the city. The firm consists of Jas. B. 
 Goodman and Marvin A. Farr, both gentlemen of long experience and 
 thoroughly posted in real estate matters. The business was established 
 in 1872, at No. 73 Dearborn Street, and four years later was removed 
 to the present location. They do a general real estate business. One of 
 their specialties has been the handling of property desirable for pack- 
 ing house purposes. They have been very successful in this line, hav- 
 ing sold to most of the great packing establishments at the stockyards, 
 the sites of which are advantageously and satisfactorily located. They 
 also have full charge and management of a large amount of valuable 
 property of the West Chicago Land Co., on which over 300 houses, 
 mostly neat and convenient cottages, have been erected and sold ; and 
 a number of business houses of the same company, on West Lake 
 Street. An important feature of their business is the handling of valu- 
 able tracts of timber, mining and farming lands, of which they control 
 a quarter of a million of acres in Michigan and Wisconsin alone. They 
 have opened a number of productive mines in the iron region, and sup- 
 ply a steady demand for pine, cedar and hardwood timber lands, and 
 for farming lands for settlers, their sales in these lines reaching a large 
 sum annually. They also deal largely in iron mining options and leases. 
 
 Barnes & Parish, consisting of F. A. Barnes and S. M. Parish, are 
 located at No. 157 LaSalle Street. The house was founded in 1874, by 
 Cox & Barnes, and in 1879 the firm was changed to its present style. 
 Messrs. Barnes & Parish are widely known as leading real estate and 
 renting agents, conducting all transactions pertaining to a legitimate 
 real estate business. They negotiate loans on the most favorable terms, 
 employ the best opportun'ties for making safe and profitable invest- 
 ments, and buy and sell property for non residents and others. Their 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 291 
 
 facilities and standing are such that they are frequently given carte 
 blanche for extensive purchases, their clients often not seeing the prop- 
 erty until after it is paid for, but trusting entirely to the judgment of 
 their agents, which has in all cases pr.oven satisfactory. They manage 
 property for non-residents and others, taking full charge and attending 
 to all the details as carefully as the owners could do it, and more satis- 
 factorily, their superior experience and knowledge in such matters 
 enabling them to secure desirable tenants, collect and remit promptly, 
 pay taxes, insurance, repairs, etc., all to greater advantage than is pos- 
 sible for any one less thoroughly informed. Their spe3ialty is renting, 
 and in this department they do a very extensive business, having now- 
 over seventeen hundred tenants occupying residence houses, stores and 
 other business property. 
 
 Westfall & Chapek, real estate, loan and renting agents, are located 
 in Koom 39, Eeaper Block, corner of Clark and Washington Streets. 
 The firm was organized July 1, 1884, by the admission of J. C. Cha- 
 pek, the business having previously been conducted by E. W. Westfall 
 since 1875. Their transactions embrace all branches of the real estate 
 business, buying and selling on commission, renting property and col- 
 lecting rents, the management and care of real estate for non-residents, 
 negotiating loans, and the investment of money for local and non-resi- 
 dent capitalists. They have charge of many valuable properties in all 
 parts of the city and suburbs, and command a steadily increasing 
 patronage in all lines of their business. They have recently placed 
 upon the market a West Side subdivision containing about 200 lots, 
 situated between Washtenaw Avenue and Eockwell Street, and Chicago 
 and Grand Avenues. Their contiguity to the West Side parks and 
 boulevards makes the lots very desirable property, and they have 
 attracted considerable attention ; many of them have already been sold 
 and improved. Both members of the firm possess a valuable expe- 
 rience in the business, and are well and favorably known. 
 
 Henry H. Walker, 116 Monroe Street, has been prominently identi- 
 fied with real estate interests in Chicago since 1869. At that time he 
 became associated with his brother, Samuel J. Walker, who commenced 
 dealing in real estate in this city in 1853. The latter was one of the 
 most extensive real estate dealers and owners in Chicago. To him is 
 largely due the development of property in the southwestern part of 
 the city, Avhere he located many of the most extensive manufacturing 
 establishments, such as the McCormick Reaper Works, the Chicago 
 Malleable Iron Works, the Chicago Stove Works, etc. In fact, he con- 
 
292 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 tributed more to the development of West Side property than any other 
 person. Mr. S. J. Walker died April 15, 1884, and since that time the 
 business has been continued by Henry H. Walker alone, whose practi- 
 cal experience in the real estate business is of incalculable value in mak- 
 ing investments and in the purchase, subdivision, sale and general 
 management of property, which are the leading features of his business. 
 B. L. Pease & Bros., 112 Dearborn Street, consisting of B. L., Geo. 
 D., and Edwin B. Pease, have for about twenty years been actively 
 identified with real estate and kindred interests in this city — buying 
 and selling on their own account and for others, investing money for 
 individuals, corporations and estates, etc. Mr. B. L. Pease established 
 the business in 1866, devoting his attention largely to examining and 
 perfecting titles and negotiating loans on real estate and the two brothers 
 soon after became associated with him. A lawyer by profession, and 
 proficient as a conveyancer, Mr. Pease was not long in acquiring a 
 practical knowledge of real estate which gave him superior advantages 
 for the safe and profitable investment of capital in Chicago and suburbs. 
 With the accession of the brothers to the business, the transactions 
 widened in scope and increased in magnitude, considerable attention 
 being given to building operations and the general improvement and 
 sale of property. 
 
PROMINENT AND INTERESTING MERCANTILE AND MANUFACTUR- 
 ING ESTABLISHMENTS. 
 
 AMONG the most interesting features of Chicago are her great fac- 
 tories, salesrooms and counting-houses, many of which have had 
 such prominent part iD the rise and progress of the business interests 
 of the city that their history would be, in fact, a business history of 
 Chicago. A work of this kind would, therefore, be incomplete unless 
 this important element had some representation in it ; but of the large 
 number of representative firms whose establishments and business 
 methods fairly illustrate the spirit of enterprise that has built up the 
 great commercial interests of the city, and that is still reaching out for 
 new fields to conquer, we have space to note only the few which follow. 
 
 Among the many topics discussed in the political economies, none is 
 of so absorbing interest or pre-eminent importance as that of trade, 
 the great mainspring actuating the wheels of industry and influencing 
 the prosperity of persons, communities and nations. 
 
 As in all other spheres of life, so in trade leaders spring up in the vari- 
 ous branches, who, by their enterprise, make famous the town or city 
 favored by its presence, and to whom redounds the credit of good 
 works. The requirements of modern commerce elevates each branch 
 of trade to the rank of a science or an art to be carefully studied 
 and progressively followed and the law of the survival of the 
 fittest is absolute. This is peculiarly true in art. The dealer or 
 worker in art manufactures must have a strong infusion of art 
 knowledge not unmixed with mercantile vim. In no field of art- 
 industry has the progress been so remarkable as in that of wall 
 paper. In 1860 the entire manufacture in this line in America 
 amounted to barely $2,000,000, and to meet the requirements as much 
 more had to be imported. The production has now grown to $12,- 
 000,000 annually, while the imports have fallen to $150,000. One- 
 third of the grand total of this trade is handled through Chicago, 
 although not a single piece of paper-hangings has been manufactured 
 
294 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 west of the Alleghenies. This astonishing fact leads us to seek some 
 cogent reason for its existence. A brief sketch of the history of the trade 
 will furnish an answer. In 1854 a young, active mechanic, just out of 
 his apprenticeship and full of ambition and vigor, came to the city with 
 a few hundred dollars and keen business ability. His enterprise found 
 friends and enemies. The former encouraged him to greater ambition, 
 while the latter spurred his enterprise to increased effort. The foun- 
 dation of future success was laid deeply while quietly working at his 
 business; the value of a day was learned and time became to him a very 
 sacred thing. Thrift followed, and the largest wall paper house in the 
 world was thus founded in Chicago by John J. McGrath. His refined 
 
 appreciation of the art involved in 
 
 his business induced him to con- 
 stantly send able aitists to Europe 
 for the sole purpose of getting the 
 must advanced ideas, and the best 
 works of designers of the highest 
 celebrity, such as Christopher 
 Dresser, William Morris and Welby 
 Pugin, were lavishly added to his 
 stock. The European manufact- 
 urers, not slow to perceive his ap- 
 proaching success, solicited his 
 aid in distributing their products 
 to the American markets, and he 
 became the sole agent for one 
 German, two French and four En- 
 glish houses w T hose works are the 
 foremost of their countries. The 
 handsome building now occupied 
 by Mr. McGrath contains 80.000 square feet of floor space, devoted 
 exclusively to the jobbing and retailing of wall papers. This great 
 establishment has a frontage equal to four ordinary stores, on the east 
 side of Wabash Avenue, between Madison and Washington Streets. 
 The special importations of this house are distributed to New York, 
 Boston, Philadelphia, and all the great eastern cities, and westward as 
 far as San Francisco. In this house stuffs from India and Japan are to 
 be found piled side by side with French, English and German goods, 
 both woven and printed, and of rare value and beauty. These and 
 much more may be seen in a visit to this great establishment. 
 
 John J. McGrath, 106-112 Wabash Avlnue. 
 
MARQUIS* HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 295 
 
 Jansen, McClurg & Co. — It is a frequent remark among visitors 
 from the east that Chicago possesses the best and most complete book- 
 store in the United States; and traveled visitors sometimes add, "Yes, 
 the best book-store in the world." This may at first seem extravagant, 
 but after one has thoroughly explored the great establishment of Jan- 
 sen. McClurg & Co., at the corner of Wabash Avenue and Madison 
 Street, the seeming extravagance is pretty sure to fade away. It is not 
 merely that the firm occupy the entire six stories of a beautiful build- 
 ing 150X72 feet in size, but 
 that here are found, in most 
 surprising profusion, the finest 
 and rarest books of all countries 
 and times. In no one store in 
 London can' the purchaser 
 of a well selected library 
 find so varied a representation 
 of the best editions of the 
 classic English writers. This 
 seems like strong language, 
 but let the test be made, and 
 see if it be not found true. 
 Not only are all the best au- 
 thors, English and American, 
 found here in every variety 
 of edition and binding, from 
 the cheapest to the most 
 sumptuous, but also the finest 
 art productions of the Euro- 
 pean presses. The rarest mas- 
 terpieces of book illustration 
 from the pencils of Turner, of Stothard, of Blake, of Cruikshank and 
 of Leech, as well as the later work of Gibson and of Vedder, are quite 
 as likely to be found, in their earliest and best states, in this rich 
 collection as the newest French novel or Mr. Howells' last fiction. 
 
 The vast realm of current literature is represented by every wor- 
 thy English or American book. Medicine and surgery, science and 
 political economy, form departments by themselves; and school-books, 
 from the primer and spelling-book to the calculus and lexicon, are 
 piled in the basement more like cordwood than literature. But when 
 it is remembered that the multitudinous schools dotting the country, 
 
 Jansen, McClurg & Co., Wabash Ave. and Madison St 
 
296 MARQUIS* HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 from Indiana to the Rocky Mountains and from the Ohio Eiver to the 
 northern borders of Montana, draw a large part of their supplies from 
 this one source, the school-book mountains seem none too large. All 
 parts of the great Northwest look to this house for their literary sup- 
 plies, and libraries, book clubs and private buyers, as well as the local 
 book-sellers in all parts of the western states and territories, are in 
 daily communication with the firm, which has long maintained a very 
 high leputation for fair dealing and courtesy. Although mainly 
 book-sellers, their own publications are already getting a high char- 
 acter in the east as well as in the west. Should the visitor ascend 
 beyond the second floor, which contains the general offices and count- 
 ing rooms, he will find the upper parts of the building largely occupied 
 with every variety of blank books and stationery, in which branch of 
 trade their dealings are very extensive. 
 
 The merchant who comes to buy, the traveler who wants to pick up a 
 new book, and the visitor to Chicago who desires to study its various 
 phases, should none of them miss a visit to this really remarkable 
 book-store. 
 
 Carson, Pirie, Scott & Co. have for many years held a commanding 
 position among the leading dry goods firms of the city. They occupy 
 a massive six-story stone front building on the northwest corner of 
 •Madison and Franklin Streets. It is arranged in the best possible man- 
 ner for the storage and display of stock, and is furnished with every 
 desirable facility for rapidly and economically handling goods. It is 
 divided into departments, each being complete within itself, and the 
 most thorough system is observed throughout the entire establishment, 
 which is constantly thronged with buyers and visitors, the scene being 
 one of busy industry. The stock carried embraces every thing apper- 
 taining to the wholesale dry goods trade — such as dress goods of all 
 kinds, from silks and velvets down to prints ; cloths, cassimeres, suit- 
 ings, etc.; hosiery and underwear, notions, furnishing and fancy goods, 
 carpets, blankets, upholstery goods, etc., etc. In fact, it would 
 require a volume merely to catalogue the stock, and every line is kept 
 in full and complete variety, including all the novelties and illustrating 
 all the latest phases of the world of fashion. Both the imported and 
 domestic goods are purchased direct from first hands, and under 
 arrangements that secure the best qualities at the lowest prices. The 
 establishment is one of the most interesting wholesale business houses 
 in the city. The members of the firm are John T. Pirie, George and 
 Robert Scott, and Andrew McLeish. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 297 
 
 The First National Bank is one of the great institutions of Chicago ; 
 and for nearly a quarter of a century it has been a prominent landmark 
 in the monetary system of the city, and, in fact, of the country. It was 
 founded in 1 863, with a capital of $300,000, and with E. Aiken as pres- 
 ident, Samuel Nickerson as vice-president, and E. E. Braisted, cashier, 
 and at once entered on a career of prosperity that has never been 
 broken. It has steadily grown in strength and influence from the date 
 of its organization, inc. easing its capital from time to time, until it is 
 now the largest of any national bank west of New York City. The first 
 
 The First National Bank, Cornfr Dearborn and Monroe Sts. 
 
 president held his office until his death, in 1867, when he was suc- 
 ceeded by Mr. Samuel Nickerson, the present incumbent. Mr. Lyman 
 J. Gage became cashier in 1868, and continued in that position until 
 his election to the vice-presidency in 1882. H. E. Symonds succeeded 
 Mr. Gage in the cashiership, H. M. Kingman and E. J. Street becoming 
 first and second assistants respectively. The "First National Bank" 
 was re-chartered in 1882, with a capital of $3,000,000 ; it has a sur- 
 plus capital of $500,000 ; its average deposits amount to about $16,- 
 000,000, and its stock is quoted at $2.00 to $2.25 on the dollar. The 
 bank transacts all business pertaining to legitimate banking opera- 
 tions, both domestic and foreign. It receives deposits, discounts com- 
 mercial paper, makes collections, deals in United States and home 
 
298 MARQTTI& HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 securities and sterling exchange, issues letters of credit, etc. It has 
 established correspondents in London, Paris and other European cap- 
 itals to assist, through the purchase and sale of foreign exchange, in 
 that great interchange of industrial products by which the value of 
 human labor is everywhere made more effective. The bank is also 
 prepared to invest moneys for estates and trusts, under order of court 
 or otherwise, in designated securities, which it will hold separately for 
 such trusts, etc., and will collect the interest and coupons upon same 
 for reinvestment or otherwise, upon moderate charges. The home of the 
 bank is a magnificent structure on the corner of Dearborn and Monroe 
 Streets, and the banking office proper is one of the largest and finest in 
 the world. It is 95X195 feet ; the floor is laid in mosaic of black and 
 white marble, and the counters of vari-colored marble are finished in 
 cherry and plate glass. 
 
 McCormick & Beebe, 189 LaSalle Street, Calumet Building, are a 
 leading and representative commission firm in grain, seeds and pro- 
 visions, to which they confine their attention. The house was estab- 
 lished in 1877, by the present firm, which consists of K. H. McCormick 
 and W. H. Beebe. Mr. McCormick was formerly the junior member of 
 C. H. and L. J. McCormick, the extensive reaper manufacturers, and 
 upon reorganization into a stock company he became a director in the 
 concern, and still holds that position. Mr. Beebe has been in active 
 business in Chicago since 1867. They give special attention to placing 
 consignments of grain and seeds by sample, and are among the heaviest 
 receiving firms who hold membership in the Board of Trade. They 
 also buy and sell for future delivery on margins, and have every needed 
 facility for the satisfactory transaction of their extensive business, 
 which is systematically organized in every department. No house in 
 the city has a higher reputation for enterprise and reliability. 
 
 Granger Smith & Co., insurance agents, 158 LaSalle Street, repre- 
 sent the Mechanics' and Trader^', the Manufacturers' and Builders', and 
 the New York Fire Insurance Companies, of New York ; the Buffalo 
 Insurance Company, of Buffalo, N. Y. ; and the Security Insurance Com- 
 pany, of Cincinnati, O. These companies are old, reliable institutions, 
 having a wide reputation for strength, conservative management, care- 
 ful selection of risks, and promptness in adjusting and paying losses. 
 The firm of Granger Smith & Co. was established in 1873, and con- 
 sists of Granger Smith and Bavier C. Miller, both well known as under- 
 writers of experience, commanding the entire confidence of the public, 
 and successfully conducting an extensive and increasing business. 
 
MARQUIS' SAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 299 
 
 Preston, Kean & Co., one of the leading and best-known banking- 
 houses in Chicago, are located at No. 100 Washington Street. The 
 house was founded by Mr. S. A. Kean, who began business in 1860, 
 and a few months later admitted Hon. J. F. Willard as a partner, the 
 firm name being Willard & Kean. Shortly afterward Mr. David Pres- 
 ton was admitted, and the name was changed to Preston, Willard & 
 Kean. In 1865 Mr. Willard retired on account of ill health, and was 
 succeeded by Hon. John L. Scripps, formerly an owner of the Chicago 
 
 Tribune, when the firm 
 became Scripps, Preston 
 & Kean. A year later 
 Mr. Scripps died, and Mr. 
 Stephen P. Lunt took his 
 place in the firm, the title 
 of which was changed to 
 Lunt, Preston & Kean. 
 On the retirement of Mr. 
 Lunt in 1872, the firm 
 became Prestcn, Kean & 
 Co., and has so remained 
 ever since. Through, all 
 this time, now about a 
 quarter of a century, 
 Mr. Kean has been the 
 active manager of the 
 business, and it is to his 
 energy and ability that 
 the house owes its re- 
 markable success, stead- 
 ily growing from a small 
 beginning to the high- 
 est eminence in financial 
 circles. It passed un- 
 shaken through panic 
 and unscorched through fire, and there were but few times, if any, 
 during the past eighteen years that ?t could not have paid at least 
 fifty per cent of its entire deposits on demand, and the balance in 
 a short time. After the fire of 1871 its operations increased very rap- 
 idly, and it had acquired the largest private banking and investment 
 security business west of New York, when on May 1, 1884, it organized 
 
 Preston, Kean & Co., Bankers, 100 Washington Street. 
 
300 MARQUIS" BAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 the Metropolitan National Bank, to which it transferred its deposit bus- 
 iness. Since that date Preston, Kean & Co. have given their exclusive 
 attention to their large security investment business — buying and sell- 
 ing government, state and municipal bonds selected from the best 
 issues from cities, counties, towns and school districts. They fre- 
 quently buy the entire issues of such bonds, amounting often to severa 7 
 hundred thousands of dollars. And their thorough familiarity with 
 this class of securities, gained by long experience in the business, ena- 
 bles them to handle the same with profit to themselves and advan- 
 tage to the municipalities by which issued, and at the same time 
 insures to the purchaser safe and profitable investment. And it is a 
 notable fact that of the millions of municipal securities sold by this 
 firm in the past twenty-four years, not a dollar has been lost to the 
 investor. In connection with the First National Bank, this firm has for 
 two years past placed upon the market large quantities of Chicago car 
 trust six per cents, which are regarded by conservative men as 
 among the very best railroad securities. These bonds are not only a 
 direct obligation of the road, but are also a lien on the cars, and 
 eminent attorneys have pronounced them non-taxable. They also deal 
 in government land warrants and scrip, which may be used in pay- 
 ment for government land. 
 
 Geo. Daniels' composing and printing rooms were originally estab- 
 tablished at No. 69 Dearborn Street, in 1878 ; but his growing business 
 soon demanded more room and increased facilities, and in 1881 the 
 present commodious quarters at Nos. 79 and 81 Bandolph Street were 
 occupied. The office affords excellent conveniences for conducting 
 the printing business. It is equipped with typographic appliances, 
 which, for extent and variety, are surpassed by few of the most extensive 
 printing establishments. Mr. Daniels has always given special atten- 
 tion to the composition of books, pamphlets, catalogues and periodical 
 literature, and many works requiring special accuracy in typographical 
 preparation and the most perfect proof-reading, have been " set up" in 
 his establishment. The composition for "Marquis' Hand-Book of Chi- 
 cago " was done in this office ; as has also been that of many other 
 important historical works, and theological, scientific and literary pub- 
 lications. Among the periodicals regularly issued from this office are 
 the following: " The Universalist," " American Artisan," " Stationer 
 and Printer," "Picture and Art Trade," "American Sheep Breeder," 
 " Dairy World," " Song Friend, " Becord and Appeal." The house is 
 also prepared to execute all kinds of commercial job printing. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 301 
 
 Nee Ban : — In the summer of 1881 there was established in San 
 Francisco a comprehensive and extensive Exposition of the Arts and 
 Manufactures of the Japanese Empire, for the purpose of presenting 
 them in the most attractive manner to the people of the Pacific Coast 
 and tourists from abroad. This exposition was called Ichi Ban, which 
 is the Japanese for No. 1, and which in that language not only stands 
 for the numerical unit but has the same significance as our A No. 1, or 
 first quality. The introduction of Japanese wares into San Francisco 
 
 showed such marked in- 
 crease under the influ- 
 ence of Ichi Ban that in 
 June of this year (1884) a 
 second exposition, called 
 Nee Ban (No. 2), was es- 
 tablished in Chicago at 
 the corner of State and 
 Jackson Streets, and has 
 already become one of 
 the most interesting feat- 
 ures of the city. These 
 exhibitions can not be 
 properly described or il- 
 lustrated in this limited 
 space, but it will suffice 
 to say that they are uni- 
 versally conceded to be 
 the most beautiful dis- 
 plays of this, or any kin- 
 Nee Ban, State and Jackson Sts. dred class, in the United 
 
 States— in fact in the world. One of the most interesting features 
 of these establishments is thirty Japanese artists, embroiderers and 
 other artisans, dressed in their native costumes and working after the 
 methods used in Japan, engaged in exemplifying their arts and man- 
 ufactures in view of all visitors. Ichi Ban and Nee Ban are free to all 
 visitors, who are welcome to inspect and investigate every article 
 exhibited, and are cordially invited to do so. No one is expected to 
 purchase anything, and above all it is desired to impress the fact that 
 such is the case ; still all pieces are marked at their values and are 
 purchasable, at prices which are guaranteed to be as low as those which 
 obtain in Japan, freights, duties and other expenses added. 
 
302 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 George B. Carpenter & Co., and their immediate predecessors in the 
 house they now represent, have been prominently identified with every 
 
 step of the com- 
 mercial develop- 
 ment of Chicago 
 for more than a 
 third of a century. 
 The business was 
 established in 1840 
 by Geo. A. Kobb, 
 only three years 
 after Chicago had 
 been incorporated 
 as a city. Five 
 years later,in 1845, 
 a partner was ad- 
 mitted under the 
 name and style of 
 Payson & Kobb. 
 In 1850 Payson re- 
 Geo. B. Carpenter & Co., Cor. South Water St. and Fifth Ave. tired and Gilbert 
 Hubbard entered the firm, the name changing to Hubbard & Kobb . Upon 
 the death of Mr. Kobb in 1857, Gilbert Hubbard & Co. succeeded, and 
 during the twenty years following 
 advanced the house to a leading 
 position in the trade, and the name 
 of Gilbert Hubbard & Co. became 
 a household word throughout the 
 whole western country. Gilbert 
 Hubbard died in May, 1881, and 
 on the first day of the following 
 year the vast business of the old 
 concern passed into the hands of 
 Geo. B. Carpenter & Co., who have 
 since managed it with the same 
 far-reaching enterprise and un- 
 swerving integrity that charac- 
 terized the Old establishment Occupied from 1859 to 1871. 
 through so many years of eventful history. To-day Geo. B. Car- 
 penter & Co. constitute the oldest and most favorably known 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 303 
 
 ship chandlery house in the west. From 1859 until the great fire of 
 1871 reduced the city to ashes, the concern occupied a large iron front 
 building at Nos. 205 and 207 South Water Street. An accompanying 
 illustration presents = ~ 
 
 the building as it then 
 appeared. It was 
 burned to the ground 
 on the night of Octo- 
 ber 9th of that mem- 
 orable year ; but be 
 fore the ruins were yet 
 cold a tent was erected 
 above the smoldering 
 embers, and Gilbert 
 Hubbard & Co. an- 
 nounced that they 
 were ready to proceed 
 with business. The 
 tent answered the 
 purposes of more ap- After the Fire of October 9, 1871. 
 
 propriate quarters until the ruins of an old grain warehouse at 
 14 and 16 Market Street were boarded up and put into order for the 
 reception of a stock of ship chandlery goods. The new establishment 
 was occupied in November following the fire, and was considered a 
 
 great curiosity in its way 
 at that time. Fully half 
 of the rude structure was 
 below the level of the 
 sidewalks, as will be seen 
 by the illustration on this 
 page. In April, 1872, 
 the business was removed 
 to a capacious three story 
 building — one ef the lar- 
 gest and best that had 
 14 .no 16 market street, 1871- been erected after the 
 
 fire— located at 22b' to 232 South Water Street. In 1874 the 
 erection of the present building was begun, and a year later it was 
 completed and occupied. It is situated on the northeast corner of 
 South Water Street and Fifth Avenue, is five stories in height, and is 
 
304 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 one of the best business structures in that locality. The upper story is 
 used as a general storage room. The sail loft is on the fourth floor, 
 and is the best equipped apartment of the kind in the country. The 
 third floor is devoted chiefly to manufacturing purposes, and presents 
 
 at all times a busy scene. 
 On the second floor is stored 
 a large variety of the lighter 
 class of goods, such as cotton 
 duck, in all widths, and 
 twines and cordage of all 
 weights. The offices and gen- 
 eral salesrooms are on the 
 first floor. In the cellar— a 
 light, airy and perfectly dry 
 apartment — are stored large 
 quantities of heavy goods, 
 including wire-rope, large 
 sizes of manilla rope, heavy 
 hardware and supplies for 
 occupied from 1872 to 1874. saw-mills, flour-mills, rolling- 
 
 mills, mining companies and railroads. As manufacturers of tents, 
 of every description, awnings, rain-proof covers, and, in fact, every- 
 thing belonging to this branch of business, Messrs. Carpenter & Co. 
 stand without a peer. 
 
 Albert Dickinson is the leading seed merchant of the west, if not 
 of the country, and his house is one of the oldest in the business. It 
 was established in 1854, in a very modest way, by A. F. Dickinson, 
 father of the present proprietor, as a South Water Street general com- 
 mission and seed house. Albert Dickinson succeeded to the business 
 in 1872, since which time the transactions of the house have been 
 confined exclusively to the trade in field seeds of every variety. The 
 business has grown very rapidly, especially during the last ten years, 
 and the trade of the house now extends to all parts of the United 
 States ; also to Canada, Europe and other foreign countries. The build- 
 ings occupied comprise three spacious warehouses located, respect- 
 ively, at 115 to 119 Kinzie Street ; 104 to 110 Michigan Street, and 
 198 to 204 Market Street. The stock carried embraces every variety 
 of field seeds — clover, timothy, millet, flax, orchard grass, blue grass, 
 red top, etc., also bird seeds and pop corn — and is always sufficient to 
 meet any demand. The office and salesrooms are at 115 Kinzie Street. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 305 
 
 The Diebold Safe and Lock Company is represented in Chicago by 
 its vice-president and western manager, John W. Norris. Although the 
 manufactory of the company is located at Canton, Ohio, it may justly 
 be classed as a Chicago institution. The vice-president of the company 
 resides here, and its principal ware and sales-rooms are located in this 
 city, which is the leading distributing point for the enormous product 
 of the Canton factory. The business was established in 1860, and has 
 steadily grown to the present immense proportions. The works now 
 constitute one of the largest safe manufactories in the world. They 
 give employment to nearly 1,000 operatives, and have capacity for 
 turning out about fifty safes every twenty-four hours. The equipment 
 of machinery and tools is the most complete that has been devised for 
 the manufacture of fire and burglar-proof safes. Much of the machin- 
 ery and other appliances were made expressly for the manufacture of 
 special portions of the Diebold safes and locks, and are used exclusively 
 by this concern. The use of the very best materials and the employ- 
 ment of these facilities in the hands of thoroughly skilled workmen in 
 every department of the manufacture, secure a production as nearly 
 perfect as it is possible to be, and the quality of the Diebold safe is 
 unequaled by that of any other makers. Branch offices are established 
 in all the principal cities of the country, and over 100,000 of these 
 safes are now in use. This Chicago house has supplied all the leading 
 banks, railroad companies, express companies, hotels, newspaper offices 
 and corporations in Chicago and throughout the northwest with fire 
 and burglar-proof protection of their valuables. Among such concerns 
 in this city are: The First National Bank, the Commercial National 
 Bank, the Merchants' National Bank, the Northwestern National Bank, 
 and the National Bank of Illinois. The new City Hall has fifty vault 
 doors and much other work of the Diebold Company's, and over $40,- 
 000 worth of its work has been placed in the new county court-house. 
 The Diebold safe is the standard and accepted champion throughout 
 the great northwest, and this popularity is well deserved, as is shown 
 by the thousands of voluntary testimonials sent to Mr. Norris by patrons 
 whose safes have been tested by burglars or by fire. The sales of the 
 Chicago house now aggregate nearly $1,000,000 annually. It is loca- 
 ted at 57 State Street, the leading business thoroughfare, and in the 
 very business center of the city. The stock of safes displayed here is 
 always large and interesting. Visitors in Chicago should not fail to go 
 through these salesrooms and inspect the wonderful safes, and time 
 and combination locks, the mysterious workings of which are at 
 
306 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK' OF CHICAGO. 
 
 all times cheerfully explained by an expert in the employ of the 
 company. 
 
 The Nonotuck Silk Company is the oldest- and best known concern 
 of the kind in the world. It was established nearly a half century 
 ago, and has grown from small beginnings to vast proportions and well 
 deserved fame. The mills of the company, at Florence, Leeds, and 
 Haydenville, Mass., give employment to 1,000 persons, and consume 
 5,000 pounds of raw silk every week. The products consist of 
 machine-twist, button-hole twist and sewing silk, the leading brands 
 being " Corticelli Spool Silk," "Florence Knitting Silk," " Corticelli 
 Embroidery and Floss Silks," and " Florence Silk Underwear and Mit- 
 tens." The Nonotuck brands of silk and twist are the acknowledged 
 standard of the world for the manufacture of clothing and shoes, and 
 the stock of no first-class retail house is complete without a full assort- 
 ment of Corticelli spool silks and the justly celebrated knitting and 
 embroidery silks made by this company. Dressmakers prefer the Cor- 
 ticelli to any other brand, and it has always received the gold medal 
 wherever entered for competition with other makes. The western 
 headquarters of the company were established in Chicago in 1870, and 
 recently removed to the spacious warerooms now occupied, at Nos. 278 
 and 280 Madison Street. The stock carried here embraces a large and 
 complete assortment of all the products of the mills. The office is in 
 charge of K. W. Hare, who has had an experience of about fifteen years 
 in the business, and who has succeeded in more than doubling the 
 western trade during the short time he has been in charge. 
 
 J. W. Griswold & Co., 2€4 and 246 Monroe Street, began business 
 in 1854 in Hartford, Connecticut. Three years later they removed to 
 Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where they remained for a period of about six 
 years. In 1863 they came to Chicago and settled at Nos. 48 and 50 
 Lake Street, and at the time of the fire of 1871, were located on 
 Wabash Avenue. The establishment was consumed by that great con- 
 flagration, but business was at once resumed in a wooden shanty 
 erected for the purpose at the corner of Jackson Street and Wabash 
 Avenue. This was vacated for better quarters at Nos. 54 and 56 Madi- 
 son Street, and in August, 1878, the present commodious building was 
 occupied. From a very humble beginning, the house has steadily 
 grown and expanded, surviving all the vicissitudes of nearly a third of 
 a century, and is to-day a leader in the line of business in which it is 
 engaged. Messrs. Griswold & Co. are wholesale manufacturers of 
 cloaks and suits, and importers and dealers in cloakings and trimmings, 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 307 
 
 and in fact all kinds of materials that enter into the manufacture of 
 cloaks. And the very large stock of materials carried, enables them to 
 manufacture as large an assortment of ladies' cloaks and suits as can be 
 found anywhere. The stock includes the latest novelties in each 
 department, all new styles and patterns being added as fast as they 
 appear. The goods manufactured by this house have gained a wide 
 reputation, and the trade extends to all the western states and territories. 
 The Fidelity Safety Deposit Company, 143 Eandolph Street, was 
 founded in 1871, opened its vaults to the public for business in June 
 of the same year, and is the oldest institution of the kind in Chi- 
 cago. The build- 
 ing was destroyed 
 by the great fire 
 of 1871, but the 
 vaults, containing 
 millions of treas- 
 ures, in many 
 cases the savings 
 of a life time, 
 were uninjured. 
 The Fidelity has 
 steadily grown m 
 public favor as a 
 place of absolute 
 security for the 
 deposit of money, 
 bonds, securities, 
 wills, deeds, ab- 
 stracts and other 
 important papers. 
 The number of 
 time until it now 
 reaches nearly G,000 safes, which are rented at from $5 to $50 per 
 annum, according to size and location. There is a separate department 
 for the storage of silver ware and valuables of all kinds, a receipt being 
 given for all articles at their full value, and every safeguard is provided 
 for the security of property beyond the possibility of loss. The com- 
 pany is backed by wealthy and responsible men and managed by 
 experienced and careful officers. Matthew Laflin is president ; Van H. 
 Higgins, treasurer, and Robert Boyd, manager. 
 
 Fidelity Safety Deposit Vaults. 
 
 private safes has been increased from time to 
 
308 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Charles B. Crombie & Co., 254 South Water Street, are a representa- 
 tive lumber commission firm, doing a very extensive business in car and 
 cargo lots only. Mr. Crombie is comparatively a young man, but brings 
 an exceptionally valuable business experience to his aid in the man- 
 agement of the widely extended and important transactions of his 
 house. He was for three years in the lumber business in Brooklyn, 
 New York, and afterward held, for the same length of time, the respon- 
 sible position of note teller in the Fourth National Bank in New York 
 City. The succeeding three years he was connected with the Hunters- 
 
 Chas. B. Crombie & Ccs Office, 254 South Water Street. 
 
 town Lumber Company, of Kiviere du Loup, Canada, and prior to 
 embarking in his present enterprise he was for three years with the 
 well-known and extensive lumber and timber concern, the Marsh & 
 Bingham Co. of this city. Coming to Chicago to establish himself in the 
 business for which his experience eminently fitted him, he has traveled 
 the lumber districts of the central, southern, southwestern and north- 
 western states, from Canada to the Gulf, familiarizing himself thor- 
 oughly with the sources of supply, and also gaining a valuable knowl- 
 edge of the centers of demand. He has devoted himself to the study 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 309 
 
 of woods ; lias watched the manufacture of the different growths from 
 the standing tree to furniture, fancy cabinet ware, building material, 
 and everything else into which wood is made, and is, therefore, not 
 only thoroughly posted in the adaptability of the different varieties 
 to the various purposes for which they are used, but is also well informed 
 as to the responsibility of nearly all the mill men shipping lumber to 
 this market, and the quality and uses of the lumber of their respective 
 sections. His acquaintance with all the details of the trade is conse- 
 quently remarkably complete, and of very great use to him and his 
 customers. Mr. Crombie not only deals very largely in hard and soft 
 pine, railway ties, piling, car, bridge and dock oak, walnut, cherry, and 
 other hard woods, but handles an immense amount of California red- 
 wood and Spanish cedar. He was prominently instrumental in intro- 
 ducing the redwood into use in the middle states, and' has the satisfac- 
 tion of seeing it steadily growing in favor, and rapidly becoming 
 recognized as the best of all woods. Kedwood lumber is admirably 
 adapted to inside finish, closely resembling cherry, and presenting the 
 desirable qualities of beauty and durability. It is easily worked, takes 
 a fine polish, does not shrink, and is absolutely clear. Its superiority 
 to other kinds of timber for the various purposes'to which it is adapted, 
 combined with the fact that it is almost as cheap as pine, has brought 
 it into such demand that its sale constitutes an important and growing 
 feature of the business. The firm does a commission business, but 
 buys and sells on specially advantageous opportunities, and numbers 
 among its customers the most extensive box and furniture manufact- 
 urers, planing mills, etc., and supplies an immense railway demand for 
 ties, bridge timbers, car materials, etc. The spacious storage yards are 
 conveniently located at No. 381 Illinois Street, and the firm possesses 
 unsurpassed facilities for handling the great and growing demand upon 
 its resources in all lines of lumber. Established in November, 1884, 
 the business has grown rapidly to such dimensions that it commands 
 special freight rates by water and rail, and gives its customers all other 
 advantages naturally incident to the magnitude of its trade. A heavy 
 stock is necessarily kept on hand to secure the prompt filling of orders, 
 which are daily received from all points within reach of Chicago by 
 train or vessel, and the immense output is constantly supplied by fresh 
 receipts, the vast business being systematically organized and con- 
 ducted. The firm commands the best opportunities of the market for 
 their advantageous disposal, and makes prompt returns an invariable 
 rule. 
 
310 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Fuller & Warren Company, No. 56 Lake Street, proprietors of the 
 Clinton Stove Works, Troy, N. Y., are the recognized leaders in the 
 wholesale stove trade not only in Chicago and the west, but of the 
 entire country. The Clinton Stove Works were established in Troy in 
 1831, over a half-century ago, and since that time they have manu- 
 factured a greater variety and a larger annual production of first-class 
 goods than any other establishment of a kindred nature. From a small 
 beginning the concern has steadily grown to its present vast dimen- 
 sions, and to-day its goods are in demand in all the markets of the 
 civilized world. The works at Troy are of mammoth proportions; 
 they cover an area of nearly six acres of ground. The principal stores 
 of the company are at Troy, Chicago, Cleveland and New York City. 
 The Chicago house was opened in 1862, and the first building occupied, 
 with all its contents, was burned in the great fire of 1871. But it was 
 not long till the present commodious store at 56 Lake Street was 
 erected. It is situated in the stove trade center of the city, and is one 
 of the handsomest business structures on the street. The building has 
 five stories and a basement. The iron front, with its spacious plate- 
 glass windows, is thirty-two feet in width, and the store extends 
 through to the next street, a distance of 170 feet. It was built 
 expressly for the purpose, and is provided with every possible conven- 
 ience for the rapid handling of the extensive business. The managers', 
 book-keepers', and general offices are located on the main floor, at the 
 right of the center, the remainder of the floor and the entire floors 
 above being used exclusively for the display of samples. The base- 
 ment, third, fourth and rear half of the fifth floors, are used for the 
 storage of manufactured goods. The front half of the fifth story con- 
 tains a tin shop, where a large force of workmen are employed in the 
 construction of furnace casings, hot-air pipes, etc., used by the local 
 furnace department. In addition to the Lake Street establishment a 
 large warehouse is also required for storing the extensive variety which 
 it is necessary to carry to meet the demands of the trade. This ware- 
 house is situated on the north pier. It is five stories in height, 75X200 
 feet, and thoroughly equipped for the purpose. The stock carried 
 embraces a complete assortment of the various styles of stoves, ranges, 
 and hot-air furnaces manufactured by the Clinton Stove Works, which 
 includes everything in these lines that is demanded by the western 
 trade. The transactions of the Chicago house are confined exclusively 
 to the wholesale trade. The house has an established reputation for 
 enterprise and progress, which it appears well able to sustain. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 311 
 
 in Chicago, 
 spacious facto - 
 
 A. H. Andrews & Co's various establishments are the outgrowth of 
 the smallest beginning twenty-seven years ago, and they now constitute 
 
 one of the most extensive 
 enterprises 
 The seven 
 
 rics and warehouses of the 
 firm furnish employment 
 for nearly 1,000 persons, 
 and the trade of the house 
 extends to all parts of the 
 country. The manufacture 
 embraces seven distinct de- 
 partments, viz.: Bank fit- 
 tings, office and school 
 desks, globes and other ap- 
 paratus for school purposes, 
 opera chairs and church 
 fittings, fine brass-work 
 fittings and folding beds. 
 Skilled labor only is em- 
 ployed, the best kiln- dried 
 lumber being used, and the 
 products of the firm are all 
 of the highest quality. The 
 firm owns large tracts of fine timber lands, from which is selected, 
 with great 
 care, all the 
 lumber used 
 in the vari- 
 ous depart- 
 in en t s of 
 manufact- 
 ure. Im- 
 provements 
 and new de- 
 signs in all 
 lines of the 
 business are 
 constantly 
 being in- 
 troduced. Among the latest of these are Messrs. Andrews & Co's 
 
 CO'S Salf.s-rooms. 
 
 _-'--- 
 
 A. H. Andrews & Co'S Factory. 
 
312 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Tellurian Globes for showing the relations of the earth to the sun, 
 change of season, twilight, belt, etc., and new and novel map or chart 
 case with spring rollers. The opera chairs manufactured by them 
 have attracted much attention and are now in use in nearly all the 
 leading places of amusement and modern churches. Andrews' folding 
 bed has gained a national reputation and is in growing demand wher- 
 ever it has been introduced. The Palmer House of this city alone uses 
 nearly 100 of these beds. The sales-rooms of the firm are on Wabash 
 Avenue corner of Adams Street. 
 
 Beveridge & Dewey. — The banking house of Messrs. Beveridge & 
 Dewey was founded in August, 1877, and has been in successful opera- 
 tion since that date. The firm is composed of Ex- Governor John L. 
 Beveridge, David B. Dewey and George W. Van Zant, each of whom 
 had had a large and varied business experience prior to the founding of 
 the bank, which specially qualified him for the banking business. The 
 house was successful from the start and has gone steadily forward, win- 
 ning a high reputation for good management and fair dealing, and each 
 year largely increasing its volume of business. Governor Beveridge, the 
 senior of the firm, is also assistant United States treasurer at Chicago. Mr. 
 Dewey has been for many years actively identified with the moneyed 
 interests of the city, and now devotes his entire attention to the busi- 
 ness of the bank. Mr. Van Zant is a well-known capitalist from E6*ck- 
 ford, Illinois. The operations of the house are largely confined to what 
 is popularly known as discount banking. The buying and selling of 
 first-class commercial paper is made a specialty, and the business in 
 this line has grown to very large proportions. A large patronage is 
 drawn from the general banking houses both east and west, and banks 
 desiring to invest their surplus funds in first-class business paper may 
 always find here a large line from which to select. The resources of 
 the house are ample, and it has an extensive list of correspondents and 
 all other requisites for the transactions of a prosperous business. 
 
 Coffin, Devoe & Co., leading manufacturers and importers of paints, 
 white lead, colors, varnishes, brushes and artists' materials, occupy a 
 spacious four-story and basement building, 190 feet in depth, at No. 
 176 Kandolph Street. It is thoroughly equipped for handling the 
 large and increasing business of the firm. The parent house— F. W. 
 Devoe & Co., New York — was established in 1853, and has the largest 
 works of the kind in the world. The Chicago house dates from Jan. 1, 
 1883. It is composed of Frederick W. Devoe, president ; Gorham B. 
 Coffin, vice-president; J. Seymour Currey, secretary and treasurer. 
 
MARQUIS' BAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 313 
 
 Mr. Devoe was formerly of the firm of Raynolds, Devoe & Pratt, the 
 oldest paint house in the United States. Thus, with unsurpassed facil- 
 ities, commanding the highest order of skill and experience in the 
 preparation of their goods, using only the purest materials and employ- 
 ing the most convenient and prompt methods for supplying the trade, 
 the remarkable success of this house is clearly the natural result of the 
 conditions mentioned. They are masters of their business, and have 
 made the best interests of the trade their study and aim. A heavy 
 stock is kept in every line. The specialties of their own manufacture 
 include chemically pure dry colors, coach and car colors, prepared 
 paints, varnishes, brushes, tube colors, and artists' materials. These 
 goods are prepared with extreme care, under the direction of Mr. James 
 F. Drummond, member of the firm, who has superintended the manu- 
 facturing department for thirty years. 
 
 The Chicago Anderson Pressed Brick Company is one of the most 
 extensive and best known concerns identified with the great building 
 interests of Chicago and the west. It was incorporated in 1880, with a 
 capital stock of $500,000, and is the outgrowth of the experimental 
 firm of C. H. Frost & Co., which was organized in 1877. The extensive 
 works are located on six acres of ground on the north branch of the 
 Chicago Eiver, at Elston Avenue and Asylum Place. The ponderous 
 maclftiery and apparatus in use were invented by J. C. Anderson, and 
 are covered by patents owned by the company ; and the manufactory 
 is thoroughly equipped and arranged for securing the very highest 
 degree of perfection. The clays, of which the company own an inex- 
 haustible supply, are of the most superior quality. They are used in 
 their pure state as taken from the beds, which are located in the in- 
 teri r of the state, and burn a bright cherry red, the shades varying 
 according to the different degrees of heat to which they are subjected. 
 In addition to the ordinary plain bricks, the company manufacture 
 large quantities in various designs for ornamental purposes— panels, 
 string courses, arches, angles, cornices, etc. The majority of the most 
 elegant business blocks and family residences erected in this city in 
 the last few j-ears, and many in various cities throughout the west, 
 are of red pressed bricks from the works of the Chicago Anderson 
 Pressed Brick Company. The business of the concern has grown 
 steadily and rapidly from the very start, and to-day it far exceeds that 
 of any other manufactory. The office is at 157 LaSalle Street. 
 Elisha Gray is president ; F. L. Blake, secretary, and C. H. Frost, gen- 
 eral manager. 
 
314 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Greg. Vigeant, architect, 45 LaSalle Street, located in Chicago in 
 1872, shortly after the great fire, and has since prosecuted his profes- 
 sion of architect and superintendent of the construction of public and 
 private buildings, with marked and increasing success. His long'expe- 
 rience and prompt attention to his professional duties have given him 
 high rank in his profession, and brought his services into wide request. 
 The designs of Mr. Vigeant are models of convenience, artistic and 
 practical architecture, and adapted to the purposes for which they are 
 erected. He has now, and has had, charge of construction of many 
 
 noted buildings in this 
 city and throughout the 
 west, including numer- 
 ous elegant structures 
 for churches, schools, 
 business blocks, hotels, 
 etc. The following are 
 among the prominent 
 buildings which Mr. 
 Vigeant refers to with 
 pride : The new Western 
 Avenue M. E. Church, 
 St. Ann's and All Saints 
 E. C. Churches, McCoy's European Hotel, the Jesuits' Sodality Hall, 
 parochial residence and school building at the Holy Name Cathedral, 
 the residences for St. Pius' and St. Gabriel's parishes, Mr. D. T. 
 Bremner's residence, business block for Mr. M. W. Ryan, county clerk, 
 residence for Tbos. Sennett, probate clerk, all in Chicago; St. Mary"s 
 Training School for Boys at Feehanville; Franciscan Sisters' Hospital, 
 Avilla, Ind.; the French, Polish and St. Mary's Churches at South 
 Bend, Ind.; the Fort Wayne Library Hall, Fleming Building, and First 
 Presbyterian Church at Fort Wayne, Ind., and the Presbyterian and 
 Catholic churches at Valparaiso, Ind. 
 
 Wm. M. Dale, corner Clark and Madison Streets, and 75 State 
 Street, is the leading druggist and chemist of the city, and the City 
 Prescription Drug Store, located on the northeast corner of Clark and 
 Madison Streets, is perhaps the best known retail drug house in the 
 west. It was established in 1860, at 155 Clark Street. Several changes 
 took place in the proprietorship prior to 1867, when Dale & Heiland 
 purchased the establishment. They continued the business until 1872, 
 at which time Wm. M. Dale became the sole owner. In 1878 the busi- 
 
 Western Avenue M. E. Church. 
 
MARQUIS* HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 315 
 
 ness was removed to the present location. Since that time the trade of 
 the honse has steadily expanded and is now much larger than that of 
 any similar concern in the city. The stock carried is large and com- 
 plete. It embraces everything in the drug, chemical and pharmaceuti- 
 cal line, a large variety of novelties and sundries, imported French and 
 English perfumery, toilet waters, cosmetics, etc., and the store is the 
 only one in the city that carries a full line of the celebrated Crown 
 tooth brushes. A special feature of the house is the prescription 
 department, and in that branch of business its trade is exceptionally 
 large. As a manufacturer of pharmaceutical preparations and drug- 
 gists' spec- 
 ialties, Mr. 
 Dale has 
 long had a 
 high repu - 
 tation ; and 
 physicians 
 make it a 
 point of send 
 ing to him 
 for rare ar- 
 ticles and 
 new prepar- 
 ations which 
 cannot be 
 found else- 
 where. This 
 store is the 
 recognized 
 
 Chicago headquarters for soda and mineral waters ; and during the 
 summer season three assistants are kept busy attending to this part of 
 the business alone. The soda fountain is the largest and costliest in 
 the city. In addition to the regular retail and prescription business a 
 considerable wholesale trade is transacted, especially in very tine 
 chemicals, rare drugs, and foreign proprietary medicines. The labora- 
 tory is equipped with the latest modern appliances ; the store is hand- 
 somely furnished, the counters and shelving being of black walnut ; and 
 sixteen clerks and assistants are required to attend to the business. 
 There are two distinct sets of clerks for day and night service, and the 
 store is kept open day and night the year round. It is never closed, 
 
 Wm. M. Dale, Drugcst, Clark and Madison Sts. 
 
316 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 therefore all customers are promptly served at any moment. The 
 growth of the trade has been so great during the last three years, that, 
 in 1882, it was found necessary to open the branch store at No. 75 
 State Street. The State Street store is fitted up and furnished in a 
 more elaborate manner even than the parent establishment. It is nota- 
 ble for its artistically finished ceiling and wall decorations, and its ele- 
 gant mahogany wood-work. The stock is in every way as complete as 
 that of the Clark and Madison Streets store. It includes every article 
 that can be desired in the drug line„ 
 
 The Sun Fire Insurance Company, of London, is the pioneer of fire 
 insurance. It was organized in 1710, making it now in its 175th year 
 and the oldest purely fire insurance company in the world. It was also 
 the first company to extend fire insurance beyond the confines of the 
 metropolis ; and in those early days when each company kept a force of 
 men to put out fires, the Sun Fire office, in order to direct its force par- 
 ticularly to houses insured by it, had nailed on the front of each a 
 small sign bearing tlie company's name, with the design of a glowing 
 sun in the center. From this came the custom of all insured houses 
 being adorned with the name-plate of the insuring company. The 
 assets have never been made public, but after having transacted a large 
 business for over 175 years it must have accumulated an enormous 
 fund. The amoun" of special tax it paid the British government from 
 1805 to 1868 (the last year that tax was levied on insurance companies) 
 ranged from $500,000, to over $1,000,000, yearly, being 1 shilling 
 and 6 pence on each 100 pounds sterling insured by the company. 
 Its 4,800 certificates of stock have a market value aggregating over 
 $11,000,000. These certificates can be held only by the strongest of 
 England's rich men, of whom Mr. G-renfell, governor of the Bank of 
 England "and a director in the company, is a fitting example. One 
 secret of the Sun's strength and vitality is the fact that the combined 
 funds of the company and fortunes of the shareholders (which alone 
 represent several hundred millions of dollars) are liable for all losses 
 and debts, either in Great Britain, the United States, or any other 
 section of the globe where it does business. Considering the vastness 
 of the security, we can readily see how impossible it is for any great 
 conflagration to obscure the Sun's light. The United States branch 
 of the company was established in April, 1882, by purchasing the 
 Watertown Insurance Company, of "Watertowu, N. Y., making it the 
 head office in this country. The United States manager is U. S. Gilbert, 
 and the trustees, Wm. H. Fogg, Gen. Geo. B. McClellan and Henry M. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 317 
 
 Alexander. The assets of the United States branch, Jan. 1, 1884, 
 amounted to $1,475,783.68, in cash and first-class securities ($690,- 
 037.50 being in United States Bonds), while the net surplus reached 
 $502,142.66. During 1883 the cash received for premiums footed 
 up $1,078,610. This sterling old company is represented in Chicago 
 by Messrs. H. J. Straight & Co., 150 LaSalle Street, and a more ably 
 qualified agency could not have been selected. Eipe in experience — 
 Mr. Straight having served twenty years in the business — capable in 
 management and popular with the public, the success of the firm in 
 establishing the company as a fixture here is not surprising. 
 
 Charles Henrotin, 92 "Washington Street, dealer in bonds, stocks 
 and commercial paper, conducts a business that is in the aggregate an 
 important factor in the financial and commercial prosperity of Chicago. 
 He deals specially in investment securities, of the highest order, and the 
 large amount of securities handled by him annually is a significant indi- 
 cation of the preference of the capital of the country for investments in 
 this section. Mr. Henrotin established his business in 1878. Prior to 
 that time he had been connected continuously from 1860 with one of 
 the strongest financial institutions in the city, for twelve years of the 
 time as its cashier. He makes a specialty of the purchase and sale of 
 first mortgage bonds, especially of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, 
 the Chicago & Northwestern, the Chicago & Alton, and the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy Kailroads. He also handles a large amount of local 
 and railroad stocks and first-class commercial paper, and always has an 
 extensive and desirable line of securities for the inspection and selec- 
 tion of investors. His long experience gives him special qualifications 
 for the judicious investment of funds for capitalists, trust es of estates, 
 etc. Mr. Henrotin has been president of the Stock Exchange for two 
 consecutive years, is Consul at this port for Belgium and Turkey, and 
 holds a high rank as a business man and financier. 
 
 Orr & Lockett, dealers in hardware, cutlery and tools, 184 and 186 
 Clark Street, make a specialty of fine building hardware for public and 
 private houses, but carry a heavy stock in all lines. The firm is com- 
 posed of Frank B. Orr and Oswald Lockett, both experienced hardware 
 men, having been in the business for over twenty years. Their opera- 
 tions have figured largely in the re-building of the city, and their bus- 
 iness has had a marked and rapid growth, due to their energy and 
 enterprise, their thorough acquaintance with all the details of the trade, 
 and their strict integrity in the fulfilment of contracts. This is the 
 leading retail hardware house of the city. 
 
318 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 m^t^mtSMll' 
 
 The W. C. Vosburgh Manufacturing Company is an old and well- 
 established house of Brooklyn, N. Y., where the office and manufactory 
 are located at 273 to 281 State Street. The company is famous for the 
 manufacture of all kinds of artistic gas fixtures, of bronze, polished 
 brass, etc., for private and public buildings, the catalogue embracing 
 everything from simple brackets or pendants to elegant candelabra or 
 magnificent chandeliers, and in every conceivable style calculated to 
 attract and please the critical eye. The Chicago branch is located in 
 the handsome five-story stone front building, shown in the accompany- 
 ing illustration, at Nos. 184 and 
 186 Wabash Avenue. The first 
 floor presents a most attractive 
 display of the goods manufact- 
 ured by the company, almost 
 every pattern being represented 
 many of them of the most unique 
 and elegant description. This 
 floor is divided into three depart- 
 ments, viz.: office, city retail sales- 
 room and general salesroom. 
 The retail salesroom is a spa- 
 cious parlor, tastefully carpeted 
 and furnished, and the ceiling 
 hung with the company's superb 
 chandeliers and beautiful pend- 
 ants, and the wails adorned with 
 its neat and graceful brackets, in 
 all of which many lights are kept 
 constantly burning, thus exhibit- 
 ing the articles as they appear in 
 actual use. This branch was 
 opened in September, 1883, and under energetic and experienced 
 business management, and from the superior quality, great variety, 
 and reasonable prices of the goods handled, has already acquired an ex- 
 tensive and still increasing trade in both wholesale and retail depart- 
 ments. Mr. Charles H. Littlefield, who took charge as manager in Febru- 
 ary, 1884, had previously been with the eastern house, and brought to 
 the Chicago branch a valuable experience that 'has already proved its 
 usefulness to the,enterprise. It is a representative house of the first class 
 in its line, handling only first-class goods in any grade. In addition to 
 
 iiaiEllBlEII 
 
 p 
 
 «■•"•- — ■■ °^- — 
 
 W. C. Vosburgh Mfg. Co., 184 and 186 Wa- 
 bash Ave. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 319 
 
 the almost endless assortment of artistic gas fixtures from the extensive 
 manufactory of the company, there is also a full line of kerosene goods 
 in a great variety of styles, making the stock of the house complete in 
 every respect. The assortment of fine lamps is especially attractive. 
 
 S. W. Adams Manufacturing Company was organized Dec. 6, 1884, 
 with a paid up capital of $300,000, as successor to the business estab- 
 lished by Mr. S. W. Adams, May 1 of the same year. The building 
 occupied consists of the spacious premises formerly known as the 
 Wilson Canning House, and is 100X150 feet, three stories in height, 
 and has 45,000 square feet of floor space. This immense concern is 
 filled with a superior stock of lap -welded wrought iron pipe, boiler 
 tubes, gas and steam fittings, steam pumps, engines, machinery, and 
 steam goods generally, and presents a scene of busy industry. It is 
 supplied with unsurpassed facilities for promptly and satisfactorily fill- 
 ing contracts of any magnitude ; and although started so recently, the 
 house has already, under the able and experienced management of Mr. 
 Adams, the president of the new organization, extended its trade all 
 over the west, and far enough eastward to come into successful compe- 
 tition with eastern establishments in territory in which they have here- 
 tofore held undisputed sway. The company conducts the Chicago 
 branch of the Pennsylvania Tube Works, of Pittsburg, which are 
 among the most extensive manufactories of the kind in the country, 
 and the Chicago house shares in all its advantages. Mr. Adams was for 
 fourteen years secretary of Crane Bros. Manufacturing Co., and, having 
 charge of the sales department, became widely and favorably known 
 throughout the trade, and familiar with its wants. Hence, when he 
 resigned his secretaryship to open the present house, he was eminently 
 qualified to conduct the venture to a successful issue. The concern has 
 already filled many large and valuable contracts. Among them may be 
 mentioned a most important work done for the Western Union Tele- 
 graph Co., viz.: the placing of the telegraph wires of that company 
 under ground, in iron tubes, so completely impervious to surrounding 
 influences as to form a perfect and lasting protection to the wires. 
 Over 70,000 feet of these durable conduits, with man-hole connections, 
 were laid in less than five weeks, the pavements being replaced in their 
 original state ; and so thoroughly was the work done as to elicit the 
 compliments of the company for the skill and promptness with which 
 the extensive and difficult undertaking was executed. Only a thorough 
 knowledge of the business, coupled with the most complete mechanical 
 facilities, could have accomplished the task in so short a time and in 
 
320 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 such a satisfactory manner. The house is centrally located. It is just 
 across the street from the Union Depot, convenient to both water and 
 rail transportation, and is provided with every facility for successfully 
 transacting a large business. 
 
 The Sawyer-Goodman Company stands in the very front rank 
 of the great lumber firms of Chicago. It is one of the strongest finan- 
 cially, its transactions are extensive, and its members occupy positions 
 of the highest rank in the business, political and social walks of life. 
 Originally organized in 1878, under the firm name of Sawyer, Good- 
 man & Co., a reorganization was effected in 1880, when the present 
 title was assumed and the company was incorporated with a capital 
 stock of $500,000. The members of the original firm, consisting of 
 the Hon. Philetus Sawyer, U. S. Senator from Wisconsin, Edgar P. 
 Sawyer and James B. and Wm. O. Goodman, constitute the personnel 
 of the present organization, and the entire stock of the company is 
 held by them. The office and yards are situated in the center of the 
 great lumber district of the city, the company holding, under lease, al- 
 most the entire McConnell subdivision, at 22d and Lumber Sts.,the yards 
 occupying over ten acres of ground. The latter have a dockage front on 
 the Chicago Eiver of nearly 1,200 feet, and there is direct connection 
 with e^ery railroad centering at Chicago. In fact, the facilities for re- 
 ceiving and shipping lumber are as complete as they can be made. 
 The average stock of pine lumber and timber kept in the yards reaches 
 fully 15,000,000 feet, and includes all desirable varieties and dimen- 
 sions, also shingles, lath, pickets, etc., etc. 
 
 The company's mills, by which nearly all the vast quantity of 
 lumber, shingles and laths handled by it is manufactured, are at 
 Menekaunee, Wis., at the mouth of the Menominee Eiver, the location 
 being especially adapted to the purpose. These mills are among the 
 best in the country; they have a dockage of 3,300 feet on the Menom- 
 inee Eiver, and are equipped with every modern appliance for rapid 
 and economical production; and the grades manufactured are of a uni- 
 formly high order and deservedly enjoy a high reputation. A special 
 feature observed in the management of the business is that the com- 
 pany does not employ traveling salesmen, relying solely on the high 
 merits of its lumber, which it is thus enabled to place on the market at 
 the lowest possible prices. 
 
 The company is also largely interested in the manufacture of 
 shingles, and those produced at its own mills enjoy the highest rep- 
 utation and find a ready market. The officers of the company are 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 321 
 
 Philetus Sawyer, pres't.; Edgar P. Sawyer, vice-pres't.; Jas. B. Good- 
 man, sec.; and Wm. 0. Goodman, treas. The city office is at 500 
 Lumber St., near 22d Street Bridge. 
 
 S. D. Kimbark's iron and heavy hardware house, Nos. 74 to 78 
 Michigan Avenue, is the most extensive establishment of the kind in 
 the west. The massive five-story building with a frontage of 132 feet 
 on Michigan Avenue and 140 feet on Lake Street, and a floor space of 
 nearly 75,000 square feet, is stocked with a line of iron, steel and 
 heavy hardware, and other goods of a kindred nature, unsurpassed in 
 magnitude and variety by any other house in the country. It is espe- 
 
 S. D. Kimbark's Heavy Hardwarf. House, 74 to 78 Michigan Ave. 
 
 cially adapted to the business, being equipped with every facility that 
 can be used in the storage and display of goods, and the satisfactory 
 management of a large business. The office is conveniently situated on 
 the first floor, another portion of which is devoted to sample rooms. 
 The latter are fitted up with a view to providing every convenience to 
 buyers. They are heated by steam, are provided with desks and writ- 
 ing materials, and contain samples of all goods carried by the house, 
 displayed in the most advantageous manner. In addition to articles 
 classed under the general head of "heavy hardware." the house also 
 carries a large assortment of wooden materials, including buggy and 
 
 21 
 
322 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 wagon bodies, hubs, felloes, spokes, shafts, etc. The extensive manu- 
 factory for the manufacture of buggy and express wagon bodies and 
 all kinds of wooden carriage materials, is located at Quincy, Michigan, 
 adjacent to some of the finest timber regions in the state. The busi- 
 ness was established in 1853 by E. G. Hall & Co., Mr. Eimbark being 
 the junior member of the firm. In 1860 the name was changed to 
 Hall, Kimbark & Co.; in 1873 to Kimbark Brothers & Co., and in 1876 
 Mr. Kimbark became the sole proprietor. 
 
 J. Manz & Co., wood engravers, Nos. 94 and 96 LaSalle Street, cor- 
 ner of Washington. The development of the art of wood engraving 
 in the west is largely clue to Jacob Manz, who was born in Switzerland, 
 and after having learned the trade of wood engraving, came to this 
 country, arriving in Chicago in 1856. He soon engaged with Childs & 
 Co., the only engraving establishment in the young city, and he has 
 followed his profession in Chicago ever since. In 1866, in company 
 with A. Maas, he established himself at the corner of Clark and Wash- 
 ington Streets under the firm name of Maas & Manz. The business 
 grew rapidly, and a removal was soon made to more commodious quar- 
 ters, in Reynolds' Block, corner of Dearborn and Madison Streets. In 
 1870 Mr. Manz bought his partner's interest, and a year later — the 
 memorable fall of 1871— he shared the general devastation of the great 
 fire ; but in less than a week's time he opened a new establishment on 
 West Madison Street, from whence he removed the following spring to 
 the corner of Lake and Clinton Streets, and in the spring of 1873 
 returned to the South Side, locating at No. 70 LaSalle Street. In 1876 
 the present permanent and commodious quarters were occupied, and 
 in 1881 the firm of J. Manz & Co. was formed, by the admission of Mr. 
 A. Bersbach. The establishment is one of the largest and best appointed 
 of its kind in the west. It is equipped with all the machines and appli- 
 ances that can be used to facilitate the rapid execution of large orders, 
 and twenty thoroughly skilled wood engravers and draughtsmen are em- 
 ployed. The illustration on the opposite page presents a faithful view 
 of the office and engraving rooms, which consist of five separate apart- 
 ments, and consume 3,500 square feet of floor space. The reputation of 
 Messrs. Manz & Co. for turning out work of a superior class is wide- 
 spread and their patronage extends to all parts of the west and north- 
 west, and far into the middle and southern states. Recently they 
 added to their regular wood engraving departments relief line and 
 photo-engraving and electrotyping, so that they are now prepared to 
 meet the demand for every branch of the engraving business. 
 
J. Manz & Co-s Engraving Estab 
 
 lishment, Nos. 94 & 96 LaSalle Street. 
 
324 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Holbrook & Co. conduct the oldest hardwood lumber yards in Chi- 
 cago. The business was established in 1853— nearly a third of a cent- 
 ury ago — by fm. Holbrook & Son, under the present firm name and 
 in the present location. At that remote period Chicago was in its 
 infancy, and what is now the great lumber district was then an open 
 prairie. But this pioneer concern has since witnessed the wonderful 
 growth of the city for which Chicago is famous, and contributed in no 
 small measure to the development of the lumber interest centered here, 
 to its present unequaled magnitude. The founders of the house are both 
 dead, but the name and location have remained without change from 
 the very first, and the concern is perhaps better known to-day than any 
 other hardwood lumber establishment in the west. It is conducted by 
 the succeeding Holbrook heirs. The office and principal yards are 
 situated at the corner of Grove and Eighteenth Streets, near the 
 Eighteenth Street bridge over the South Branch of the Chicago Biver. 
 The business has always been confined exclusively to hardwood lum- 
 ber and timber, and the stock carried embraces all varieties of hard- 
 w r oods in such dimensions and quantities as to meet any demand 
 promptly and satisfactorily. The sales in hardwood flooring and inside 
 finish of all kinds, are especially heavy, and the trade in all lines is 
 large. The patronage of the house is drawn from a wide area of sur- 
 rounding territory, orders not infrequently coming from points as far 
 west as Oregon, and east in Massachusetts and Connecticut. 
 
 The Western Leather Manufacturing Company, Nos. 76 and 78 
 Wabash Avenue, supplies the demand for an extensive fancy leather 
 goods manufactory in this city. Established in 1879, the business 
 has grown steadily, and the trade of the house now extends to all parts 
 of the west. The line of goods manufactured embraces all styles of fine 
 case goods, including many articles patented and manufactured only 
 by this company. A specialty is made of Morocco, Kussia and sole 
 leather cases of the finest and best quality. And the special styles of 
 physicians' medicine cases, the Pullman pocket dressing cases, leather 
 sample cases for commercial travelers and tourists, and leather collar and 
 cuff boxes manufactured by the Western Leather Manufacturing Com- 
 pany, are in constant and growing demand wherever they have been 
 introduced. The company is also prepared to manufacture all kinds of 
 fancy leather goods to order for the trade. F. W. T. Glover is presi- 
 dent of the company. Geo. D. Holton is treasurer. 
 
 E. A. Snell & Co., stationers, 160 La Salle Street, are successors to 
 the house of Keen & Snell, established about three years ago. Upon 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 325 
 
 the retirement of Mr. Keen the present title was assumed, and on the 
 1st of September, 1884, Mr. F. B. Gibbs entered the house as junior 
 partner. Mr. Snell, who has had eight years' experience in all branches 
 of the business came to Chicago from Lowell, Mass., and Mr. Gibbs 
 formerly resided in Boston. They carry a complete stock of everything 
 belonging to the stationery trade, and are general printers, lithograph- 
 ers and blank book manufacturers. They do a large business with the 
 best class of business houses, banks and insurance companies. 
 
 The Western Bank Note Company was incorporated in 1864, and 
 has become the leader in artistic work and the development of taste, in 
 its line, in the west and northwest. The last twelve of the twenty 
 years of its successful operation have been spent in the commodious 
 quarters it now occupies, where it is provided with all the latest and 
 best machinery and other facilities for the satisfactory management of 
 its extensive business. A corps of artists in design, and a small army 
 of first-class engravers, transferrers and printers are constantly em- 
 ployed. The company executes all kinds of steel engraving and lithog- 
 raphy, from the simplest commercial work to the finest portrait, 
 building, landscape or other engraving. It supplies a large demand 
 for bonds, checks, drafts, certificates, headings, etc., from merchants, 
 manufacturers, bankers, insurance companies, etc., in all parts of the 
 country. Some of the most exquisite and elaborate art-work has been 
 made at this establishment, notably its beautiful exhibit at the New 
 Orleans Exposition. Also the fine steel engravings of the Tremont 
 House, the North Chicag ) Boiling Mills, diplomas of the medical col- 
 leges and many other works that have helped to build up the fame of 
 the concern, and give it a world-wide reputation. This is one of the 
 foremost institutions of the kind in the country, and being a native 
 growth of Chicago, it is naturally a source of interest and pride in this 
 city and section. Its officers are Clarence C. Cheney, president, and 
 C. A. Chapman, treasurer. 
 
 , The Mutual Trust Society, No. 95 Washington Street, was organized 
 in March, 1867, with $300,000 capital. It is managed by a Board of 
 Trustees, with Thos. B. Bryan, president ; John D. Jennings, vice-pres- 
 ident ; Samuel D. Ward, treasurer ; Franklin Hatheway, cashier. The 
 objects of the organization are to execute trusts, manage and settle 
 estates, make safe and profitable investments, arrange annuities, make 
 collections, etc., in all of which it has many advantages over individual 
 trustees, and gives every desirable guarantee. The charter being per- 
 petual, the corporation can continue in charge of a trust for any length 
 
326 
 
 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 of time. Mr. Bryan was the founder of the first safe depository in 
 Chicago. Mr. Ward is highly esteemed for his able and faithful execu- 
 tion of many public and private trusts. 
 
 Hayden Brothers, hardwood lumber merchants, occupy offices in the 
 new Pullman Building, corner of Michigan Avenue and Adams Street. 
 The structure, which is one of the most elegant business blocks in the 
 world, is shown in the illustration on page 31. The spacious yards, 
 comprising several acres, are situated in the midst of the great lumber 
 
 Hayden Brothers' Lumber Yards, 402 Lumber St. 
 
 district. They are provided with every modern facility for receiving 
 and shipping, and for rapidly and economically handling lumber. 
 
 The main yard has a dockage front of 
 f~~~"_r "" " " ""_\ 225 feet on tne river, a frontage of 
 
 350 feet on the railroad, and 600 feet 
 of side track. The other yard is situ- 
 ated immediately on the opposite side 
 of the street, and contains 15,000 square 
 feet. In these yards are constantly 
 stored from 2,500,000 to 3,000,000 
 feet of hardwood lumber, embracing all 
 the known varieties. The Messrs. Hay- 
 den Brothers are importers of foreign 
 hardwoods, and the stock carried al- 
 ways includes a full line of imported 
 woods and veneers. The mahogany mills operated by them are at Chel- 
 sea, Mass. They are the largest mills of the kind in the world, and have 
 
 Hayden Brothers' Dry Kilns. 
 
MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 327 
 
 a capacity of 10,000,000 feet per year. The immense quantity of 
 mahogany handled is imported direct to the mills in the "round" 
 The firm operates the only public lumber dry kilns in Chicago. They 
 are located at 400 Lumber Street, adjacent to the yards, and consist of 
 a battery of thiee kilns of The Noyes & Nichols' patent wood drying 
 apparatus for soft and hard wood lumber, with a capacity of 15,000 
 feet per day. Five hundred feet of storage sheds adjoin the kilns. The 
 firm, consisting of C. H. and H. S. Hayden, was organized and began 
 business March 1, 1884, and, although one of the youngest, it is among 
 the most extensive dealers in the line. 
 
 The National Scientific Association is perhaps the strongest and 
 most thoroughly and comprehensively organized institution of the 
 kind in the country. Its operations cover every detail of the patent 
 business, home and foreign, and it brings to bear influential agencies 
 possessed by no other house in its line. The main office is at Kooms 
 19 and 20, No. 184 Dearborn Street, and the association maintains a 
 branch office in Eoom 31, LeDroit Building, Washington City. H. 
 Harrison is president and general solicitor, and W. C. Mc Arthur, 
 secretary. The association was organized with the special view of 
 completely occupying the field of its enterprise, and employs an 
 army of local attorneys located in almost every county in the United 
 States, through whom meritorious inventions and discoveries of every 
 description are placed in its hands, and patents secured promptly, in 
 the best and most reliable form, and on the most reasonable terms. 
 This not only saves time and expense to inventors, but also enables 
 them to deal immediately with a neighboring attorney, while the for- 
 eign representatives of the association command unusual facilities for 
 securing and protecting foreign patents. Mr. Harrison is one of the 
 best informed patent lawyers in the country, having been practicing 
 for fifteen years, making a special study of patent cases. He was for- 
 merly Assistant United States Attorney for Tennessee, and has acquired, 
 during his long experience, exceptional advantages in supplying all 
 desired information on the subject of new and old patents of every 
 kind, making preliminary examinations, securing letters patent and 
 re-issues, registering trade-marks, labels, prints, etc., arranging 
 assignments, licenses, etc., prosecuting appeals, interferences and 
 infringements, and in all other transactions connected with the patent 
 business. The law department is specialty organized for efficiency in 
 patent litigation, and the main office may be consulted through the 
 local attorneys in all matters requiring legal proceedings. The associ- 
 
328 MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK OF CHICAGO. 
 
 ation is also prepared to furnish cuts and descriptions of inventions, 
 and models when desired. Its arrangements are complete for the con- 
 venience and assistance of the inventor, and the branch office in Wash- 
 ington is provided with every facility for expediting applications, 
 while the inventor who avails himself of the services of the association 
 saves the time and expense of a useless journey to Washington, and has 
 business attended to much better than he could do it himself. Any 
 information desired by inventors is always promptly furnished and 
 thoroughly reliable. The association does a very extensive and widely 
 distributed business. 
 
 Adler & Sullivan, the well-known architects, occupy rooms in Bor- 
 den Block, corner Randolph and Dearborn Streets. They have long 
 held a position of the highest repute in their profession ; and to their 
 accomplished skill are due many of the most beautiful models of archi- 
 tectural design in modern Chicago. The following are a few of the 
 buildings designed by them and constructed under their supervision: 
 Central Music Hall, the elegant business block owned by Martin 
 Eyerson, and occupied by A. S. Gage & Co., the building occu- 
 pied by S. A. Maxwell & Co., Borden Block, M. M. Bothschild's build- 
 ing, the new business block of A. F. Troescher, of New York, Market 
 Street, near Madison, Eyerson Building on Eandolph Street, Ham- 
 mond Library, Sinai Temple, Kennedy Bakery, Brunswick, Balke and 
 Collender Company's Billiard Manufactory, and the family residences 
 of John Borden, Esq., and Marx Weineman, Esq. The Grand Opera 
 House, Haverly and Hooley's Theaters were remodeled by them, and 
 the remodeling of McVicker's Theater and the construction of the Lake- 
 side Club House and Zion Temple have been placed in their hands. 
 
INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 FULL PAGES. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Central Baptist Chuech .... 177 
 
 Chicago Rivee ' 59 
 
 County Couet House an d City Hall 63 
 
 Fiest Peesbyteeian Chuech 193 
 
 Geaceland Cemeteey, Enteance to 164 
 
 Geaceland Cemetery, Scenes in 3 67 
 
 McCoy's Eueopean Hotel 273 
 
 Manz, J. & Co*s Engeaving Establishment . ....... 323 
 
 noethwestebn univebsity 211 
 
 Old Block House and Lighthouse 21 
 
 Palmer House 269 
 
 Passenger Depot, Polk Steeet and Foueth Avenue 51 
 
 Pullman Building 31 
 
 Rosehill Cemeteey, Scenes in 161 
 
 Union Depot, Canal Steeet 45 
 
 Union Paek, Scene in 91 
 
 U. S. Life Saving Statton 123 
 
 Washington Paek, Scenes in 87 
 
 Washington Paek, & cenes in 89 
 
 Wolf Point 11 
 
 SMALLER ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Allerton Monument . . . 1 67 
 
 Alexian Bros.' Hospital . . .109 
 Andrews, A. H, & Co.'s Factory 311 
 
 Andrews, A. H, & Co.'s Warerooms. 311 
 Art Institute Building . . . ^30 
 Bates Monument . . . .167 
 Board of Trade Building . . 262 
 Calumet Club House . . .135 
 
 Carpenter, Geo. B. & Co.'s Buildings, 202, 
 
 203, 204. 
 Cathedral of the Holy Name . 198 
 Central Music Hall . . . .241 
 Chicago, Site of ... 6 
 
 Chicago Athenaeum .... 215 
 Chicago Avenue Chuch . . 188 
 Chicago Club House (interior view) 133 
 Chicago Herald Building . . 255 
 
 Chicago Home for the Friendless 104 
 Chicago in 1845 .... 17 
 
 Chicago Nursery and Half-Orphan 
 
 Asylum 118 
 
 Church of the Messiah . . .202 
 Collector's Office— U. S. Customs 67 
 
 Crombie, Chas. B. & Co.'s Office . 308 
 Daily News Building . . . 252 
 Douglas Monument .... 93 
 Drexel Fountain .... 96 
 
 Evening Journal Building . . 246 
 Fidelity Safe Deposit Vaults . 307 
 First Baptist Church . . .174 
 
 First House Erected 
 District 
 
 in the Burnt 
 
 22 
 
 First House in Chicago ... 5 
 
 First National Bank . . 297 
 
 First Regiment Armory ... 78 
 
 Fort Dearborn, Site of . 15 
 
 Foundlings' Home . . . 101 
 Fox Lake Shooting and Fishing Club 
 
 House 153 
 
 Graceland Cemetery, Scenes in . 167 
 Grand Opera House .... 239 
 Haverly Theatre .... 237 
 Hayden Brothers' Dry Kilns. . . 326 
 Hayden Brothers' Lumber Yards. 326 
 Hinstorff, Gustav (Book Store) . 227 
 Home for the Friendless . . 104 
 Hooley's Theater .... 238 
 Hospital of the Alexian Brothers 109 
 Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear In- 
 firmary 107 
 
 Jansen, McClurg & Co. . . . 295 
 
 Kimbark, S. D 295 
 
 LaSalle Street Tunnel . . .36 
 
 Leland Hotel 271 
 
 Lincoln Park, Scene in . . 84 
 
 Manz, J., & Co 322 
 
 Mercv Hospital .... 113 
 
 " Moody's Church" . . . 188 
 
 Nee Ban 301 
 
 North Side Water Works Tower 71 
 
 Old Saloon Building ... 18 
 
 Open Board of Trade . . . 264 
 
 Police Patrol 74 
 
 Postoffice • . 66/ 
 
330 
 
 INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Presbyterian Hospital . . . 216 
 Preston, Kean & Co.'s Banking House '299 
 
 Kosehill Cemetery, Views in . . 161 
 
 Rush Medical College . . . '216 
 
 St. John's Episcopal Church . . 179 
 
 St. Joseph's Hospital . . . Ill 
 
 Second Court House in Chicago . 64 
 
 Sinai Temple 201 
 
 Taylor Mausoleum .... 167 
 
 The " Cottage" .... 95 
 
 Tribune Building .... 249 
 
 Union Club House . . . 137 
 
 Union Park Congregational Church 
 U. S. Government Building . 
 U. S Marine Hospital . 
 U. 8. Sub Treasury Office . 
 University of Chicago . 
 Washingtonian Horn * . 
 Washington Park Club House 
 Water Works Tower 
 Western Avenue M. E. Church 
 
 Young Men's 
 Building . 
 
 Christian Association 
 
 185 
 66 
 
 119 
 67 
 
 209 
 
 115 
 
 146 
 71 
 
 191 
 
 l 
 
 205 
 
 INDEX TO TEXT. 
 
 Abstract Makers, (Haddock, "Vallette & 
 
 Eickcords), 281. 
 Academy of Music, 236. 
 Adams, S. W., Manufacturing Co., 319. 
 Adler & Sullivan, 328. 
 Albion Cricket Club, 156. 
 Aldine Square, 94. 
 Alexian Bros. ' Hospital, 1 09. 
 Allouez, Rev. Claude, 173. 
 American Association of the Red Cross, 
 
 122. 
 American Electrical Association, 23 t. 
 American Hximane Association, 12'. 
 American Institute of Hebrew, 220. 
 American Sunday School Union, 206. 
 Amusement, Places of, 235-244. 
 Andrews, A. H, & Co., 311. 
 Andrews, Burhans & Cooper, 279. 
 Anthracite Coal Association, 266. 
 Apollo Hall, 242. 
 Apollo Musical Club, 257. 
 Arbeiter-Zeitung (Newspaper), 255 
 Armory Bicycle Club, 156. 
 Armour, George (Library) . 225. 
 Armstrong, Geo rsre Buchanan, 68. 
 Art Institute, The, 229. 
 Art Institute Library, 226. 
 Art Schools, 229-232. 
 Arts and Sciences, 229-234. 
 Asay, E. G. (Library), 224. 
 Astronomical Society, 233. 
 Audubon Club, 152. 
 Aurora Turn Verein, 144. 
 Bachelor, Rev. Geo., 203. 
 Badin, Rev. Stephen, 173. 
 Baird & Bradley, 288. 
 Baltimore, Ohio & < hicago Railroad, 55. 
 Bands of Mercy, 124. 
 Bangs, Geo. S. (Monument), 160. 
 Bankers' Club, 1 38 
 Banks, '281, 288, 297, 299. 312 317. 
 Baptist Theological Seminary, 219. 
 Barnes & Parrish, 290. 
 Barrows, Rev. John H., 194. 
 Bates, Eli (Grave), 168. 
 "Battle of Gettysburg," 243. 
 Bear and Wolf Hunting, 18. 
 Beaubien, Alexander, 173. 
 Beaubien, Mark, 15, 16, 17. 
 Beethoven Society, 257. 
 
 Belt Railway, 55. 
 
 Bennett. College of Eclectic Medicine and 
 
 Surgery, 217. 
 Bennett Free Dispensary, 127. 
 Bennett Hospital, 121. 
 Benevolent Institutions, 99-130. 
 Benevolent and Mutual Aid Societies, 130. 
 Bethel, 124. 
 Beth Hemidrash Hagadol Congregation 
 
 Cemetery, 172. 
 Beveredge & Dewey, 312. 
 Black Hawk, 15. [172. 
 
 B'nai Abraham Congregation Cemetery, 
 B'nai Sholom Cemetery, 171. 
 Bicycle Clubs, 156. 
 Bineteau, Rev., 173. 
 Board of Marine Underwriters, 266. 
 Board of Trade, 261. 
 Boat Clubs, 148-151. 
 Bohemian Art Club, 23 1 . 
 Bohemian Gvmnastic Association, 143. 
 Bogue & Hovt, 285. 
 Boone, Levi D. (Mayor), 21. 
 Boss Horse Shoers' Protective Assn, 266. 
 Boulevards, 8 1 , 94-98. 
 Bragg, F. A., & Co., 287. 
 Bridges, 35. 
 
 Builders' and Traders' Exchange, 265. 
 Building Department, 70. 
 Burial, Places, The, 159-172. 
 Burr Mission, 105. 
 Burr's Grave, 168. 
 Business Houses, 293-323. 
 Calhoun, J hn, 17, 245. 
 Calumet Club 134. 
 Calvary Cemetery, 162. 
 Campbell Park, 92, 93. 
 Camp Douglas, 77. 
 Canadian Club, 145. 
 Carpenter, Geo B., & Co., 302-304. 
 Carson, Pirie, Scott & Co , *96. 
 Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul 180. 
 Cathedral of the Holv Name, 198. 
 Catlin Boat Club, 150. 
 Casino Roller Skatinc Rink, 243. 
 Cemeteries. 159-172. 
 Centenary M. E. Church, 189. 
 Centennial Baptist Church. 178. 
 Central Baptist Church, 176. 
 Central Boulevard, 97. 
 
INDEX TO TEXT. 
 
 331 
 
 Central Church (Prof. Swing's), 186. 
 
 Central Church of Christ, 178. 
 
 Central Driving- Park', 244. 
 
 Central Free Dispensary, 126. [127. 
 
 Central Homeopathic Free Dispensary, 
 
 Central Music Hall, 241. 
 
 Channing Club, 141. 
 
 Chakity and Benevolence, 99-130. 
 
 ( harity Organization Society, 125. [171. 
 
 Chebra Gemiluth ( hasadim < emetery, 
 
 Chebra Kadisha Ubikur Cholim, 129. 
 
 Chebra Kadisha Ubikur Cholim Ceme- 
 tery, 171. 
 
 Checaugou River, 7. 
 
 Cheney, Rev. Chas. Edwar 1, 182. 
 
 Chicago Academy of Homeopathic Phy- 
 sicians and Surgeons, 157. 
 
 Chicago Academy of Sciences, 232. 
 
 Chicago Anderson Pressed Brick Co., 313. 
 
 Chicago & Alton Railroad, 47. 
 
 Chicago & Atlantic Railroad, 56. 
 
 < hicago & Eastern Illinois R. R. Co., 48. 
 
 Chicago & Evanston Railroad, 56. 
 
 Chicago & Grand Trunk Railway, 50. 
 
 Chicago & Northwestern Railway Com- 
 pany, 4i>, 41. 
 
 Chicago & West Michigan Railway, 52. 
 
 Chicago & Western Indiana Railroad, 53. 
 
 Chicago & Western Railroad, 55. 
 
 Chicago (An Historical Sketch of), 5. 
 
 Chicago Art League, 231. 
 
 Chicago Association of ex Union Prison- 
 ers of War, 14 8. 
 
 Chicago Athenamm, 214. 
 
 Chicago Athenaeum Library, 224. 
 
 Chicago a Town (Incorporated), 14. 
 
 Chicago Avenue Church (Moody's), 188. 
 
 Chicago Bar Association, 1 42. 
 
 Chicago Base Ball Club, 156. 
 
 Chicago Bethel, 12 1. 
 
 Chicago Bible Society, 204. 
 
 Chicago Bicycle Club, 156. 
 
 Chicago Board of Trade, 261. 
 
 Chicago Board of Trade Battery Associ- 
 ation, 147. 
 
 Chicago Board of Underwriters, 266. 
 
 Chicago Boot, Shoe and Leather Associ- 
 ation, 266. 
 
 Chicago Bowling Club, 155. 
 
 Chicago Brick Makers' Association, 266. 
 
 Chicago, Burlington ife Quincy Railroad, 
 
 Chicago Canoe Club, 151. [11 . 
 
 Chicago Cigar Manufacturers' and Deal- 
 ers' Association, 266. 
 
 Chicago City Railway Company, 37. 
 
 Chicago Clearing House, 266. 
 
 Chicago Club, 133. 
 
 Chicago College of Pharmacv, 218. 
 
 Chicago .College of Physicians and Sur- 
 geons, 219. 
 
 Chicago Cricket Club, 155. 
 
 Chicago Curling Club. 155 
 
 Chicago Daily News, 251. 
 
 Chicago Democrat, 17. 
 
 Chicago Demokrat, 255. 
 
 Chicago Dental Infirmary, 218. 
 
 Chicago Dental Society. 157. [266. 
 
 Chicago Drapers' and Tailors' Exchange, 
 
 Chicago Driving Park. 244. 
 
 Chicago Drug, Paint and Oil Exchange, 
 264. 
 
 Chicago Eclectic Medical and Surgical 
 Socety, 157. 
 
 Chicago Electrical Society, 234. 
 
 Chicago Evening Mail, 254. [1 27. 
 
 Chicago Exchange for Women's Work, 
 
 Chicago Eye and Ear Infirmary, 1 20. 
 
 Chicago Female College, 220. 
 
 Chicago Gvnecological Society, 1 58. 
 
 Chicago Herald, The, 254. 
 
 Chicago Home for the Friendless, 103. 
 
 Chicago Hospital for Women and Chil- 
 dren, 102. 
 
 Chicago Historical Society, 222. 
 
 Chicago Incorporated a City, 19. 
 
 Chicago Jewelers' Association, 266. 
 
 Chicago Lady Quartette, 258. 
 
 Chicago Law Institute Library, 223. 
 
 Chicago Liberal League, 139. 
 
 Chicago Light Infantry (colored), 79. 
 
 Chicago Literary Club. 131. 
 
 Chicago Liverymen's Association, 266. 
 
 Chicago Manual Training School, 21 3. 
 
 Chicago Master Masons' and Builders' 
 Association, 266. [266. 
 
 Chicago Master Plumbers' Association, 
 
 Chicago Mechanics 'Institute, 219. 
 
 Chicago Medical College, 217. 
 
 Chicago Medical Press Association, 157. 
 
 Chicago Medical Society, 158. 
 
 Chicago Medico-Historical Society, 157 
 
 Chicago Mercantile Battery Veteran As- 
 sociation. 147. 
 
 Chicago Merchants' Club, 136. [48. 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & ht. Paul Railway, 
 
 Chicago Mining Exchange, 263. 
 
 Chicago Museum and Theatre, '240. 
 
 Chicago Musical College, 220. 
 
 Chicago Musical Club, 259. 
 
 Chicago Nursery and Half-Orphan Asy- 
 lum, 117. 
 
 Chicago Numismatic and Archaeological 
 Society, 234. 
 
 Chicago Open Board of Trade, 264. 
 
 Chicago Orphan Asylum, 108. 
 
 Chicago Photographic Association, 148. 
 
 Chicago Polo Club, 156. 
 
 Chicago Pottery Club, 232. 
 
 Chicago Quartette, 258. 
 
 Chicago Raoquet Club, 156. 
 
 Chicago Real Estate Board, 265. 
 
 Chicago Relief a d Aid Society, 99. 
 
 Chicago Retail Coal Dealer' Association, 
 266. 
 
 Chicago River, 58, 7. 
 
 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway, 
 46, 40. 
 
 Chicago Sabbath Association, 206. 
 
 Chicago Sharpshooters' Associati n, 152. 
 
 Chicago Shooting Club, 154. 
 
 Chicago Society of Decorative Art, 231. 
 
 Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburg Railroad, 
 
 Chicago Stock Exchange, 265. ]48. 
 
 Chicago Theological Seminary, 219. 
 
 Chicago Tribune, The. 248. 
 
 Chicago Turngemeinde, 143. 
 
 Chicago Union Veteran Club, 116. 
 
 Chicago Vessel Owners' Association, 266. 
 
 Chicago Veterans of the Mexican War, 
 147. 
 
 Chicago West Division Railway Com- 
 pany, 38. 
 
332 
 
 INDEX TO TEXT. 
 
 Chicago Women's Club, 132. 
 
 Chicago Yacht Club, 148. 
 
 Chicago Young Men's Christian Associa- 
 tion, 205 
 
 Cholera Visits the City, 25. 
 
 Christ Church (Reformed Episcopal), 182. 
 
 Churches, 171-206. 
 
 Churches of Chicago— Number of each 
 denomination, 204. 
 
 Church of the Ephiphany, 18 *. 
 
 Church of the Holy Name, 1 98. 
 
 Church of the Messiah (Unitarian), 202. 
 
 Cincinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis & Chi- 
 cago Railway, 54. 
 
 Citizens' Association, 141. 
 
 City Hall, 61, 62, 64. 
 
 City Hall (tbehrst), 19. 
 
 City Government, The, 69-76. 
 
 City Officials, 69-76. 
 
 City's Water System, 71-73. 
 
 City Prescription Drug Store, 314. 
 
 Clan-Na- Gael Guards, 79. 
 
 Clearing House, Chicago, 266. 
 
 Clinical Society of Hahnemann Hospital. 
 158. 
 
 Clubs and Societies, The, 131-153 
 
 Coffin, Devoe & Co., 3 L2. 
 
 Colleges, 207-220. 
 
 Collegiate Department of the Chicago 
 Dental Infirmary, 219. 
 
 Collier, Rev. Laird, 202. 
 
 Collyer, Rev. Robert, 202, 203. 
 
 Commercial Club, I 36. 
 
 Commercial Exchange, 264. 
 
 Commissioner of Pensions, 67. 
 
 Concordia Cemetery, 170. 
 
 Confederate Dead, 170. 
 
 Congress Park, 92, 93. 
 
 Cook County Hospital, 114. 
 
 Cook County Infirmary, 121. 
 
 Cook County Insane Asylum, 120. 
 
 Cook County Organized, 14. 
 
 Cook: County Normal and Training 
 School, 210. 
 
 Cook County Sunday School Association, 
 206. 
 
 Cook County Teachers' Association, 143. 
 
 Couch Tomb, The, 82. 
 
 County Court House, (new), 61. 
 
 Court House (old), 3 9, 62, 64. 
 
 County Jail, 65 . 
 
 Cricket Clubs, 155. 
 
 Criminal Court and County Jail Build- 
 ings, 65. 
 
 Criterion Theater, 240. 
 
 Crombie, Chas. B., & Co., 308-309. 
 
 Cumberland Gun Club, 151. 
 
 Cummings, E. A., & Co., 289. 
 
 Current, The, 256. 
 
 Custom House (U. P.), 66, 67. 
 
 Custom Cutters' Association, 266. 
 
 Dailv National Hotel Reporter, 256. 
 
 Dale,Wm. M., 314, 315. 
 
 Damen, Rev. Arnold, 199. 
 
 Dania Society, 157. 
 
 Daniels, George, 300. 
 
 Danish Veteran - ociety, 130. 
 
 Deaconess Institute and Hospital, 126. 
 
 DeakVerein, 128. 
 
 Dearborn Observatory, 233. 
 
 Dearborn Observatory Library, 226. 
 
 Dearborn Park, 93. 
 
 Delaware Boat Club, 151. 
 
 Department of Public Works, 70. 
 
 Department of Finance, 70. 
 
 DeSaible, Baptiste Point, 8. 
 
 Diana Hunting Club, 154. 
 
 Dickinson, Albert, 304. 
 
 Diebold Safe & Lock Co., 305. 
 
 Division of the Missouri, U. £. A., 78. 
 
 Dole, Geo. W., 16. 
 
 Douglas Boulevard, 97. 
 
 Douglas Monument, 93. 
 
 Douglas Park, 86. 
 
 Douglas, Stephen A, 93, 94. 
 
 Drexel Boulevard, 96. 
 
 Drexel Fountain, 96. 
 
 Drovers' Journal, 256. 
 
 Drummond, Willis, Jr., 283. 
 
 Dryer, E. S. & Co., 288. 
 
 Educational Department, 62, 76, 207. 
 
 Educational Institutions, 207-220. 
 
 Eighth Presbyterian Church, 196. 
 
 Eighty-second Illinois Veteran Society, 
 144. 
 
 Eintracht Liederkranz, 260. 
 
 Ende, Mrs. Amelia, 2 1 3. 
 
 English Lake Shooting and Fishing 
 Club, 155. 
 
 Ellis Park, 94. 
 
 Erring Woman's Refuge, 118. 
 
 Evanston Boat Club, 150. 
 
 Evening Journal, 246. 
 
 Evening Mail, 254. 
 
 Evening News, 251. 
 
 Evening Telegram, 255. 
 
 Exchanges, The, 261-266. 
 
 Exposition Building, 26, 242. 
 
 Fallows, Rev. Samuel, 183. 
 
 Farwell Hall, 242. 
 
 Farragut Boat Club, 149. 
 
 Feehan, Most Rev. Patrick A., 198. 
 
 Fidalia, The (Singing Society), 260. 
 
 Fidelity Safe Deposit Co., 307. 
 
 Fifth Presbyterian Church, 196. 
 
 Fire Department, 75, 76. 
 
 Fire of 1874, 25. 
 
 First Baptist Church, 173. 
 
 First Congregational Church, 183. 
 
 First German Baptist Church, 203. 
 
 First M. E. Church, 189. 
 
 First National Bank, 297. 
 
 First Newspaper, 17. 
 
 First Presbyterian Church, 1 92. 
 
 First Public Building, 14. 
 
 First Slaughtering and Packing, 16. 
 
 First Vessel to Arrive (Schooner Tracy), 
 57. 
 
 First White Child Born in Chicago, 10. 
 
 Floating Hospital Association, 112. 
 
 Flood of 1849, 20. 
 
 Flour and Grain, 27. 
 
 Forest Home Cemeterv, 1 71. 
 
 Fortnightly of Chicago, 131. 
 
 Fort Dearborn, 8, 9, 14, 16. 
 
 Foundlings' Home, 101. 
 
 Fourth Baptist Church, 176. 
 
 Fourth Presbyterian Church, 1 95. 
 
 Fox Lake Shooting and Fishing Club, 
 153. 
 
 Free Dispensary of the Illinois Chari- 
 table Eye and' Ear Infirmary, 107. 
 
INDEX TO TEXT. 
 
 333 
 
 Free Sons of Israel Cemetery, 172. 
 
 Fritz Reuter Club, 148. 
 
 Fuller, Warren & Co., 310. 
 
 Gage Park, 92. 
 
 Galena <fc Chicago Union Railway, 20, 40. 
 
 Garfield Boulevard, 96. 
 
 Garibaldi Legion, 141. 
 
 Garnett, YVm., & Co., 28?. 
 
 Garrett Biblical Institute, 2 9. 
 
 George H. Thomas Rifle Club, 155. 
 
 German A merican Young Ladies' Insti- 
 tute, 213. 
 
 German Evangelical Lutheran Cemetery, 
 171. 
 
 German Ladies' Society, 118. 
 
 Germania JM sennerchor, 259. 
 
 German Singing Societies, 259. 
 
 German Society, 118. 
 
 Gher, Samuel, 282. 
 
 Gibbs & Calkins, 285. 
 
 Goodman, Jas. B., & Co.. 290. 
 
 Goodwin, Rev. E. P., 184. 
 
 Goodridge, Edward & Co., 2S2. 
 
 Grace Episcopal Church, 181. 
 
 Grace Evangelical Lutheran Church, 183. 
 
 Grace M. E. Church, 190. 
 
 Graceland Cemetery, 164. 
 
 Grades of the [Streets Raised, 24. 
 
 Grand Boulevard, 95. 
 
 Grand Opera House, 239. 
 
 Grand Pacific Hotel, 268. 
 
 Great Fire, The, 22. 
 
 Griswold, J. W., <\- Co., 306. 
 
 Groveland Park. 93. 
 
 Haddock, Vallette & Rickcords, 281. 
 
 Hahnemann Medical College, '^17. 
 
 Hahnemann Hospital, 1 20. 
 
 Hahnemann Hospital Dispensary, 127. 
 
 Halsted Street Opera House, 240. 
 
 Hammond Library, 219. 
 
 Harmonia Quartette, 258. 
 
 Hatfield, Rev. R. M., 189. 
 
 Haverly Theater, 237. 
 
 Havden Brother s, 326. 
 
 Heald, Capt., 10. 
 
 Health Department, 76, 62. 
 
 Heather Club, 136. 
 
 Hebrew Benevolent Society Cemetery, 
 171. 
 
 Helm, Lieut., 10. 
 
 Henrotin Charles, 317. 
 
 Henshaw, F. A., 278. 
 
 Herald, The Chicago, 254. 
 
 Hereford Kindergarten, 203. 
 
 Hermes Bicycle Club, 156. 
 
 Hershey Music Hall, 243. 
 
 Hershey School of Musical Art, 220. 
 
 Hibernian Rifles, 79. 
 
 Hinstorff Gustav, 226-228. 
 
 Historical Sketch of Chicago, 5. 
 
 Holbrook <te Co., 324. 
 
 Holt, Sergt., 10. 
 
 Home for Incurables, 1 08. 
 
 Home for the Aged of the Little Sisters 
 of the Poor, 111. 
 
 Home for the Friendless, 103. 
 
 Hooley's Theater, 2;;<. 
 
 Hospital of the Alexian Brothers, 1 09. 
 
 Hotels, The, 267-274. 
 
 House of Providence v 125. 
 
 House of the Good Shepherd, 105. 
 
 Hull, Gen., 10. 
 
 Humboldt Boulevard, 97. 
 
 Humboldt Park, 85. 
 
 Illinois and Michigan Canal, 60, 39, 40, 
 14, 19. 
 
 Illinois Art Association, 232. 
 
 Illinois Association of the Sons of Ver- 
 mont, 140. 
 
 Illinois Central Railroad, 44, 39. 
 
 Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirm- 
 ary, 107. 
 
 Illinois Club, 138. 
 
 Illinois Humane Society, 124. 
 
 Illinois Industrial School for Girls, 214. 
 
 Illinois National Guard, 78. 
 
 Illinois St. Andrews' Society, 142. 
 
 Illinois Social Science Association, 234. 
 
 Illinois Staats-Zeitung, 253. 
 
 Illinois Training School for Nurses, 214. 
 
 Immanuel Baptist Church, 175. 
 
 Indian Massacre, 13. 
 
 Interior Department (U. S.), 67. 
 
 Internal Revenue Collector, 67. 
 
 Inter Ocean, The, 250.' 
 
 Inter-State Exposition Co., 242. 
 
 Irish-American Club 147. 
 
 Irish- American Council, 148. 
 
 Irish Catholic Colonization Association, 
 130. 
 
 Iroquois Club, 139. 
 
 Irwin, D. W. (Library), 225. 
 
 Jackson Park, 90. 
 
 Jacobs, Wm. V. 286. 
 
 Jansen, McClurg & Co., 295. 
 
 Jefferson Park, 92. 
 
 Jefferson Park Presbyterian Church, 1 96. 
 
 " Jesuit Church," 198, 199. 
 
 Jewish Cemeteries, 171. 
 
 Jewish Churches, 200, 201. 
 
 Johnson, Rev. Herrick, 195. 
 
 Joliet, Louis, 5. 
 
 "Kankakee Route," 54. 
 
 Kehilath Anshe Maarab, 200. 
 
 Kehilath Anshev Maarab Cemeteiy, 171. 
 
 Kerfoot. S. H., & Co., 276. 
 
 Kerfoot, Wm. D., & Co., 280. 
 
 Kimbark, S. D., 321. 
 
 Kindergartens, 220. 
 
 Kinzie House, 9. 
 
 Kinzie, James, 15. 
 
 Kinzie, John, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14. 
 
 Kinzie, Robert A., 15. 
 
 Kinzie's Grave, 165. 
 
 Kittredge. Rev. A. E., 195. 
 
 Knight & Marshall, 284. 
 
 KohKfe Middleton's Museums, 240. 
 
 Labor Riots of 1877, 25. 
 
 Lackey Zouaves, 80. 
 
 Lake George Sportsmen's Association, 
 1 55. 
 
 Lake Michigan, 56. 
 
 Lake Park, 93. 
 
 Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Rail- 
 way, 43, 40. 
 
 Lake Shore Drive, 98. 
 
 Lakeside Club, 139. 
 
 Lakeside Summer Sanitarium, 112. 
 
 Lake View Rifle Club, 154. 
 
 Langley Avenue M E. Church, 190. 
 
 Law Department (City), 62, 70. 
 
 Law Department (U. S.) s 67. 
 
334 
 
 INDEX TO TEXT. 
 
 LeGrand Boiler Skating Eink, 244. 
 
 Legislative Power, 69. 
 
 Leiter, L. Z. (Library), 225. 
 
 Leland Hotel, 271. 
 
 LeMai, 8. 
 
 Libraries, The, 221-226. 
 
 Lincoln, Abraham, 15. 
 
 Lincoln Park Congregational Church, 
 186. 
 
 Lincoln Park, 82. 
 
 Literary Clubs, 131. 
 
 Little, Rev. Arthur, 184. 
 
 Live Stock, 27, 265. 
 
 Loan Brokers, 275-294. 
 
 Locke, Rev. Llint n, 181. 
 
 Lorimer, Rev. George C, 176. 
 
 Louisville, New Albany & Chicago Rail- 
 way, 49. 
 
 Loyola Debating Society, 212. 
 
 Lyceum Theater, 243. 
 
 Lyman & Giddings, 279. 
 
 Lumber, 27. 
 
 Lumber Manufacturers' Association of 
 the Northwest, 266. 
 
 Lumberman's Exchange, 263. 
 
 McCagK, E. B. (Library), 225. 
 
 McClaren Bishop, 1 81. 
 
 McCormick & Beebe, 298. 
 
 McCoy, Rev. Isaac, 173. 
 
 McCoy's European Hotel, 272. 
 
 McGrath, John J., 293, 294. 
 
 McVicker's Theater, 235. 
 
 MaGill, J. C. & Co.', 277. 
 
 Mak-Saw-Ba Club, 152. 
 
 Military, 77. 
 
 Militia, The, 77-80. 
 
 Mai man, A. S., & Co., 234. 
 
 Manufacturers, 27-28. 
 
 Manz, J. & Co., 32.'. 
 
 Margaret Fuller Societv, 140. 
 
 Market Building, 62. 
 
 Marquette, Jacques, 5, 8, 173. 
 
 Marquis, A. N., & Co., 328, 
 
 Martha Washington Home. 116. 
 
 " Mary Collier Chapel," 202. 
 
 Mascoutin Indians, 7. 
 
 Maurice Porter Memorial Hospital, 110. 
 
 Mayors of Chicago, List of, 69. 
 
 Mead <fc Coe, 286. 
 
 Medical Colleges, 216-219. 
 
 Medical Science Club, 158. 
 
 Medical Societies, 157, 158. 
 
 Medill, Joseph, 250. 
 
 Memorial Baptist Church, 204. 
 
 M ercy Hospital, 113. 
 
 Miami Indians, 7. 
 
 Michael Reese Hospital, 106. 
 
 Michigan Avenue Boulevard, 94. 
 
 Michigan Central Railroad, 42, 40. 
 
 Michigan Southern & Indiana Northern 
 Railway, 40. 
 
 Michigan Southern Railway, 20. 
 
 Midway Plaisance, 92. 
 
 Military Order of the Loyal Legion, 144. 
 
 Millard Avenue Cricket Club, 156. 
 
 Miller John, 15. 
 
 Miln, Geo. C, 203 
 
 " Moody's Church," 188. 
 
 Moral Educational Societv, 140. 
 
 Morey, Henry C, & Co., 280. 
 
 Morgan Park Military Academy, 220. 
 
 Mortality of the City, 25. 
 
 Mount Greenwood Cemetery, 170. 
 
 Mozart Club, 257. 
 
 Mulligan's Grave, 162. 
 
 Mulliken, C. H., 279. 
 
 Museums, 240, 243. 
 
 Musical Festival Association, 258. 
 
 Musical Societies, The, 257-H60. 
 
 Music Schools, 220. 
 
 Mutual Trust Society. 325. 
 
 National Association of Lumber Dealers, 
 266. 
 
 National Scientific Association, 327. 
 
 National Theater, 240. 
 
 Nee Ban, 30 1 . 
 
 Neue Freie Presse, The, 254. 
 
 New Dime Museum, '^43. 
 
 New England Congregational Church, 
 184. 
 
 Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Association, 
 103. 
 
 Newspaper Press, The, 245-256,17. 
 
 Newspapers, The Number of. 256. 
 
 News, The Chicago Daily. 1:51. 
 
 New York, Chicago & St. Louis Ry, 54. 
 
 Nineteenth Illinois Infantry Volunteer 
 Veteran Club, 144. 
 
 Noble Mark, 9. 
 
 Noble, Rev. F. A., 185. 
 
 Nonotuck Silk Co., 306 
 
 North Chicago City Railway Co., 38. 
 
 North Chicago Sharpshooters' Associa- 
 lion, 154. 
 
 North Side, 7. 
 
 North Side Hebrew Congregational Cem- 
 etery, 172. 
 
 Northwestern University. 210. 
 
 Oak Wood Boulevard. 95. 
 
 Oakwoods Cemeterv, 169. 
 
 OgdenBoat Club. 151. 
 
 Ogden, Wm. B. (First Mayor of Chicago), 
 19. 
 
 Ohabey Emunah Congregation Ceme- 
 tery, 172. 
 
 Old People's Home, 100. 
 
 Olympic Theater, 243. 
 
 Open Board of Trade, 264. 
 
 Oriental Quartette, 258. 
 
 Orphan Asylum of the Guardian Angel, 
 106. 
 
 Orpheus Maennerchor, 259. 
 
 Orr & Locket, 317. 
 
 Osborn, Henrv A. 283. 
 
 Palace Roller Skating Rink, 243. 
 
 Palmer House, 267, 
 
 Panic of 1837-38, 19-21. 
 
 Panic of 1873, 24. 
 
 Panoramas, 243. 
 
 Parks and Boulevards, 81-98. 
 
 Park Avenue M. E. Church, 191. 
 
 Park Commissioners, 82. 
 
 Parochial Schools, 220. 
 
 Peabody, Francis B., & Co., 288. 
 
 Pease, B. L. & Bros., 292. 
 
 People's Church (Dr. Thomas), 187. 
 
 People's Theater, 243. 
 
 Peterson & Bav, 28 1 . 
 
 Petrie, M., 289. 
 
 Philosophical Society, 233. 
 
 Pierce <t Ware, 283. 
 
 Pinet, Rev., 173. 
 
INDEX TO TEXT. 
 
 335 
 
 Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago 
 
 Railway, 47, 40. 
 Places of Amusement, 235-244. 
 Plattsdeutschen Verein, 141. 
 Pleasure Clubs, 131. 
 Plymouth Congregational Church, 185. 
 Police and Firemen s Relief Fund, 127. 
 Police Department, 73-75. 
 Political Conventions, 26. 
 Political Clubs, 131. 
 Polo Clubs, 156. 
 Pope, N. Q. (Library), 225. 
 Population of the City, 26. 
 Pork Packers' Association, 2G6. 
 Postoffice, 66, 67. 
 Pottawatomie Indians, 7. 
 Presbvterian Hospital, 120. 
 Press Club, 132. 
 Presbyterian Theological Seminary of 
 
 the Northwest, 219. 
 Preston, Kean & Co., 299 
 Princess Polo Club, 157. 
 Princess Roller Skating Rink, 243. 
 Prisoners' Aid Association, 122. 
 Private Art Collections, 232. 
 Private Book Collections, 224. 
 Private Libraries, 224. 
 Private Schools, 220. 
 Produce Exchange, 263. 
 Provident Woodyard, 1 25. 
 Public Buildings, The, 61-68. 
 Public Halls, 241-243. 
 Public Library, 221. 
 Public Schools, 207. 
 Pullman Athletic Association, 150. 
 Pullman Cricket Club, 156. 
 Quartettes, The, 258. 
 Qjuartiers, Bishop, 162. 
 Ransom's Grave, Gen. E. G., 160. 
 Railroads, 39. 
 Railroads, total mileage of, centering in 
 
 Chicago, 40. 
 Railway Exchange, 266. 
 Real Estate, 19, 21, 25, 26, 27, 275-292. 
 Real Estate Board, 265. 
 Real Estate Dealers, Agents and Loan 
 
 Brokers, 275-292. 
 Real Estate Interests, 275-292. 
 Red Cross Association, 122. 
 Relief Works, 121. 
 Religious Institutions, The, 173- 
 
 206. 
 Rice, John A. (Library), 225. 
 Riding Academy, 156. 
 Robinson, Alexander, 15. 
 Rohan Ensign, George, 1 0. 
 Roller Skating Rinks, 243. 
 Roman Catholic Churches, 197-199. 
 Rosehill Cemetery, 160. 
 Rovers Cricket Club, 156. 
 Runniori, James B. (Library), 226. 
 Rush Medical College, 216. 
 St. Boniface Cemetery, 171. 
 St. Cecilia Quartette, 258. 
 St. Cecilia Society, 258. 
 St. Cyr, Rev. John Mary, 1 97. 
 St. George's Benevolent Association, 128. 
 St. George's Cricket Club, 155. 
 St. Ignatius' College, 212. 
 St. James' Church (R. 0.), 199. 
 St. James' Episcopal Church, 178. 
 
 St. John's Church (R. C), 199. 
 
 St. Joseph's Home for the Friendless, 
 
 102. 
 St. Joseph's Hospital, 111. 
 St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, 116. 
 St. Luke's Free Hospital, 111. 
 St. Mary's Church, 197. 
 St. Mary's Training School for Boys, 214. 
 St. Paul's Church (Reformed Episcopal), 
 
 183 
 St. Paul's Churcji (Universalist), 201. 
 St. Xavier's Academy, 213. 
 Saint Cecilia Society, 212. 
 Saint Vincent's Asylum, 116. 
 Saloon Budding, 18, 19, 62. 
 Sanitary Condition of the City, 25 
 Saracen Club, 139. 
 Saturday Evening Herald, 256. 
 Sawyer- Goodman Co., 320. 
 Skandinaven (Newspaper), 255. 
 Scandinavian Emigrant Relief Society, 
 
 129. 
 Schmid, Godfrey, 280. 
 School Fund, 208. 
 
 School of Lyric and Dramatic Art, 220. 
 Schools, 207-226. 
 Schubert Quartette, 258. 
 Schumann Quartette, 258. 
 Schwaben Verein, 129. 
 Schweitzer Benevolent Association, 128. 
 Schweizer Maennerchor, 259. 
 Scudder, Rev. H. M. 186. 
 Second Baptist Church, 175. 
 Second Presbyterian Church, 194. 
 Secret Societies (Omitted), 130. 
 See, Samuel, 15. 
 See, William, 15. 
 Servite Sisters' Industrial Home for 
 
 Girls, 102. 
 Sewerage System, The, 37. 
 Sherman House, 274. 
 Shooting Clubs, 152-155. 
 "Siege of Paris," 243. 
 Sinai Congregation, 201. 
 Sixth Presbyterian Church, 1 96. 
 Skinner, Mark (Library), 225. 
 Smith, Granger & Co., 298. 
 Smith, Perry H. (Library), 225. 
 Snell, E. A., & Co., 324. 
 Social Clubs, 131. 
 Societa Operaia Italiana, 128. 
 Societies (Social, Literary, Political, 
 
 Sporting, Pleasure, Etc.), 131-158. 
 Society for Ethical Culture, 139. 
 Society for Home Teaching of the Blind, 
 
 130. 
 Society of the New Jerusalem, 199. 
 Sodality Building, 199. 
 Sons of Maine, 142. 
 South End Shooting Club, 154. 
 South Parks, 88. 
 Sou'h Side, 7. 
 
 South Side Free Dispensary, 126. 
 Southwest Chicago Sharpshcoters' As- 
 sociation, 155. 
 Sportsmen's Club of Chicago, 154. 
 Sporting Clubs, 131. 
 Standard Club, 136. 
 Standard Theater, 236. 
 Stanley, P. E., 281. 
 State Microscopical Society, 234. 
 
336 
 
 INDEX TO TEXT. 
 
 State Protective Association (Liquor 
 
 Dealers), 266. 
 Straight, H. J. & Co., 316. 
 Street Eailways, 37. 
 Streets and Avenues,29. 
 Streets, grades of, 24. 
 Streets, length of, 30. 
 Sun Fire Insurance Co., 316. 
 Sun, The (Newspaper), 256. 
 Svea Society, 129, 226. 
 Svornost, The, 256. 
 S. W. Adams, Manufacturing Co., 319. 
 Swedenborgian Churches, 1 99. 
 Swedish Theological Seminary, 2 1 9. 
 Sweet, Gen. B. J., 162. 
 Swerrington, Lieut. Jas. S., 8. 
 Swing, Prof. David, 186. 
 Tabernacle Congregational Church, 186. 
 Tax Valuation of Eeal Estate, 26, 27. 
 Teutonia Msennerchor, 260. 
 Theaters, 235. 
 Theological Schools, 219. 
 Third Presbyterian Church, 195. 
 Thirteen Club, 145. 
 Thirty-fifth Street Boulevard, 94. 
 Thomas, Eev. Dr. H. W., 187. 
 Thomasson, Nelson, 278. 
 Thoroughfares, The, 29-38. 
 Times, The Chicago, 247. 
 Tippy Canoe Club, 151. 
 Tolleston Club, 151. 
 Trade Associations, 266. 
 Training School for Nurses, 214. 
 Transportation Facilities, 39-60. 
 Tremont House, 270. 
 Tribune, The Chicago, 248. 
 Trinity Episcopal Church, 180. 
 
 Trinity M. E. Chureh, 192. 
 
 Tunnels, 36. 
 
 Turner Msennerchor, 260. 
 
 TurnVerein, Voerwarts, 143. 
 
 Twenty-fourth Illinois Veteran Society, 
 147. 
 
 Underwriters' Exchange, 266. 
 
 Ulich Evangelical Orphan Asylum, 110. 
 
 Union Catholic Library, 223. 
 
 Union Catholic Library Hall, 243. 
 
 Union Club, 136. 
 
 Union College of Law, 212. 
 
 Union League Club, 1 38. 
 
 Union League of America, 145. 
 
 Union Park, 92. 
 
 Union Park Congregational Church, 184 
 
 Union Riding Club, 156. 
 
 Union Square, 93. 
 
 Union Stock Yards, 265. 
 
 Unity Church, 203. 
 
 Unity Church Industrial School, 220. 
 
 Unity Club, 140. 
 
 University of Chicago, 208. 
 
 United Hebrew Relief Association, 126. 
 
 United States Courts, 67. 
 
 United States Custom House, 60, 67. 
 
 United States Government Building, 66. 
 
 United States Life Saving Station, 1 22. 
 
 United States Marine Hospital, 119. 
 
 United States Postoffice, 66. 
 
 United States Sub Treasury Office, 67. 
 
 Utter, Rev. David, 202. 
 
 Van Voorhis, Surgeon, 10-13. 
 
 Vermillion Gun Club, 155. 
 
 Vernon Park, 92. 
 
 Veteran Union League, 144. 
 
 Vierling, F. C, 289. 
 
 Vigeant, Greg., 314. 
 
 Virginia Society, 141. 
 
 Vosburgh, W. C, Manufacturing Co.. 3 1 8. 
 
 Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific R'y, 52. 
 
 Waldheim Cemetery, 171. 
 
 Walker, H. H, 292. 
 
 Wanderers Cricket Club, 1 55. 
 
 Washington Boulevard, 98. 
 
 Washington Boulevard Roller Skating 
 
 Rink, 243. 
 Washington Driving Park. 244. 
 Washingtonian Home, 1 1 5. 
 Washington Park, 88. 
 Washington Park Club, 146. 
 Washington Square, 93. 
 Watchmakers' and Jewelers' Association, 
 
 266. 
 Waterworks, 71-73. 
 W. C. Vosburgh Manufacturing Co., 318. 
 Weber Lady Quartette, 258. 
 Weber Music Hall, 243. 
 Wells, Capt. William, 12, 13. 
 Wells, O. M. & Co., 286. 
 Wentworth, Elijah, 15. 
 Western Avenue Boulevard, 97. 
 
 Western Avenue M. E. Church, 191. 
 
 Western Bank Note Co., 325. 
 
 Western Leather Manufacturing Co. , 324. 
 
 Western Railroad Association, 266. 
 
 Western Seamen's Friend Society, 124. 
 
 Western Society for the Suppression of 
 Vice, 129. 
 
 Western Society of Engineers, 234. 
 
 Westfall & Chapek, 291. 
 
 West Side, 7. 
 
 West Side Club, 134. 
 
 West Side Free Dispensary, 1 27. 
 
 Whistler, Capt. John, 8. 
 
 Whitehead, Henry, 173. 
 
 Wicker Park, 92, 93. 
 
 Willing, Henry (Library), 225. 
 
 Wilmot, James, 287. 
 
 Wilson, J. Appleton, 287. 
 
 Wolf Point. 11, 15. 
 
 Woman's Christian Association, 125. 
 
 Woman's Hospital of Chicago, 1 10. 
 
 Woman's Medical College, 218. 
 
 Woman's Physiological Institute, 158. 
 
 "Women's Exchange," 1 27. 
 
 Women's Homeopathic Medical Society, 
 158 
 
 Woodlawn Park, 93. 
 
 Wunder Cemetery, 171. 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association, °05. 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association (Hol- 
 land), 204. 
 
 Young M«n's Christian Association 
 (Scandinavian), 205. 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association Li- 
 brary, 224. 
 
 Young Men's Hebrew Charity Society, 
 129. 
 
 Zearl & Zander, 278. 
 
 Zion Congregation, 200. 
 
 

 
 
 
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