THE Anthropometric Manual OF AMHERST COLLEGE, iss*?*. AMHERST COLLEGE. A]sr Anthropometric Manual, GIVING THE AVERAGE AND MEAN PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS AND TESTS . OF MALE COLLEGE STUDENTS. AND METHOD OF SECURING THEM. Prepared from the Records oe the Department of Physical Education and Hygiene in Amherst College, dur- ing the years 3S61-2 and 188()-7, inclusive. BY DR. E. HITCHCOCK, ASSISTED BY DR. II. II. SEELYE. 'itc'l AMHERST, MASS. : J. K. Williams, Book and -Tor. Phintei;. Oclol)er, 1887. \ ^h|?1 In ExcVi. CONTENTS. DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLES. TABLE I. Averages of nearly one thousand (888) students made with the datum of Height as a Basis. TABLE II. Measures of the Aveeage Student, being of the Age of 21 years and 1 month, and the Height of 1725 millimeters, or 67.7 inches. From about eight thousand (7988) individuals. TABLE Ili, Statistics depending upon the Age of the Student as a basis. From 16 to 26 years inclusive, and derived from 1254 individuals. TABLE IV. Measures arranged according to the Doctrine of means. From 462 individuals. TABLE V. Showing eight items as aeuanged by classes for 25 consecutive years, of all the students connected with college, 7988 individuals. Methods and details of securing these statistics. Methods or testing the Eyes, Ears, Lungs and Heart. The following tables are given to the stadeuts of Amherst Col- lege bec;iiise the material from which they are made is furnished by those who have been connected with the college from 1861-2 to 18§6-7, and it is but right that they should enjoy the fruit of the seed they h.ive sown. Besides this, the question has been not infrequently asked "' What is the use of all these measures and tests?" and if many will remember the answer that has not infre- quently been given : '' Wait till we get these data by the tlious- ands and we can then show you what are the form and conditions of an average student." So now college men are of themselves able to judge whether they are up to the standard of the average student, or whether they surpass or fall below him in the conditions and characteristics offered in these pages. The idea of the Tyjncal Man has been in the brain of the anthro- pologist for these many years, and in certain classes and conditions of society, such as soldiers, sailors, cracksmen, prisoners, and others directly under the control of Governments quite approximate - results no doubt have been obtained. And yet to nearl}^ all of these there is the objection that they are selected classes, and will give results which surpass those of the average man, or the " plain people " that Mr. Lincoln used to talk about. But it seems fair to judge that the New England College Student, averaging about 21 years of age, who is neither overworked in body or pampered by hixurious ease or indulgence, would furnish an average, or a mean, that could be used in an Anthropometric study of the Anglo- Saxon Race, for a better conclusion than those mentioned. And certainly we can say to the student who comes to Amherst College that in this pamphlet are facts and data, of both a numer- ical as well as a physiological character, which will help him to learn his resources, and his relation lo the mass of students in his college for the past twenty-five years — and to-day — and to com- pare himself with the '' Typical " Student whenever this personage is satisfactorily worked out. In addition to these tables, there is to be found the detailed method of securing these statistics as taken at Amherst College. The first beginnings of this scheme or method are to be found in the eight items of age, weight, height, chest girth, arm girth, forearm girth, lung capacity and pull up, which were secured from every student in Amherst College since 1861 till about the year 1881, when more elaborate and multiplied items were suggested by Dr. W. T. Brighara of Boston, which were much better meth- odised and arranged by Dr. D. A. Sargent of Harvard College and first used here in 1882. In 1885 the American Association for the Advancement of Physical Education, at a meeting in Brooklyn appointed an Anthro- pometric Committee consisting of Dr. D. A. Sargent of Cambridge, 4 Dr. E. Hitchcock of Amherst, and Dr. W. G. Anderson of Brook- lyn to propose a niiiform method of takuig and securing these statistics. At the; meeting of tlie Association in 1886 this report was made, accepted and adopted by the Association, a copy of which follows the tables in this pamphlet. And it is this method which is practically used at Amherst to-day, as the fundamental parts of it have been used for the past 26 years. The First Table offers to the student the series of measurements and tests of men in college who have been exactly of his own height — within a centimeter, or al)out half an inch — and with no refer- ence to any other bodily characteristic as a standard. This is considered a more reliable and unchanging criterion than is that of age, weight, or the showhig of means or averages, since bodily proportions in the average man will l>e much more controlled by height than any other datum. When the student is examined by one of the Physicians in the Department on his entrance to college, his own record will be placed in the blank column of one of the tables, each item of his own being inserted directly against the average printed icem, as derived from those of his own perpendicular height who have gone before him. With this ideal at his own immediate command, by many meas- ures and tests which he may himself repeat, in many cases at least, he can learn if he gains, loses, or remains constant, or he may request a repetition of the examination from the Professor or his assistant, and thus he can the better know himself all the while he is in college, and perhaps through life. The Second Table gives results the most comprehensive of all the tables offered. This embraces certain statistics secured from all the students who linve been connected with the college since 1861-2. These added together and divided by the number of students furnishing them give us an average, or approximate ideal of what an- Amherst Student has been for a quarter of a century. This table can essentially aid the student by gratifying a general desire, common everywhere and to everybody, to know his relation to the general average, and whether he be up to or below the medium qualification and condition of his associates. The Third Table is based entirely upon the element of Age, which characteristic is much modified in the individual by both present and past surroundings of life. When however combined with the history of the man, and his ancestry and circumstances bearing upon sanitary matters, it may serve a good purpose in predicting the possibilities of longevity, rather than declaring the muscular and organic development of the individual. People of the same age vary areatly in their bodily proportions, and yet the short man may live a long life, and the tall man a short one. And it is very natural to want to compare one's self wiih those of his own aoe. T-A.BLE I- ANTHROPOMETRIC TABLE ARRANGED BY BODILY HEIGHTS. HKIGHX iu m.m. I 1600 Itfl O 1620 1630 1 640 1650^1660 1670J6S0J[6}»0 11 00 ITIO 1720 17lO"1740 1750 1760 t«; HEIGHT in inches. | 63.0 63.4 68.8 64.2 64.6 05.0 65.4 65.7 66.1 66M~^fi.9 67.3 67.3 6W.i 6S.3 6^.0 60.3 09.7 70.1 7i 1770 1780 1700 1800 INIO 1 S20 1830 il.U 71.3 71.7 7-2.0 • WEIGHT. 60.1 61..-) 61.3 132.0 13.5.3 134.8 62.1 62. .5 63. 'J 6d.l 13G.8 137..5 llO..') 143.0 67.8 67. S 6.'j.0 6.S.2 6iS.2 68.3 68.3 149.1 149.1 14'.l.(i IjO.O 1,'iO.O 1.10.7 ,130.7 Knee. 425 111.7 430 10.9 439 17.3 442 17.4 448 i7.i; 448 17.0 4oO 17.7 454 17.8 460 18.1 473 18.0 474 18.7 474 18.7 478 1S.S 484 19.0 486 19.1 486 19.1 489 19.3 494 19.6 499 19.7 500 10.7 504 19.9 517 20.3 519 20.5 525 20.7 ^ Sitting. 801 .33..5 856 .33.7 869 84.3 8V0 34.3 8V9 34.5 880 31.0 883 34.7 884 34.7 35.0 90o 35.0 908 35.7 908 35.7 910 35.8 918 30.1 918 30.2 918 30.2 924 .30.3 925 36.4 925 30.4 933 30.7 934 30.7 937 '30.8 939 37.0 939 37.0 2 ■ Pubes. 397 31.3 800 31.G 810 31.9 812 32.0 814 32.0 820 .32.3 835 33.0 839 33.1 853 33.0 862 34.0 863 34.0 863 31.0 86V 34.1 870 31.3 874 34.4 f<80 31.0 886 31.8 895 35.2 896 35.2 899 36.4 907 33.7 918 30.1 919 S0.2 921 30.3 X Navel. 947 37.1 958 37.8 962 37.9 966 38.0 9V4 38.4 6V9 38.5 983 38.8 986 39.0 991 39.0 1020 10.2 1020 40.2 1020 10.2 1020 40.2 1040 40.9 1050 11.3 1050 41.3 1060 11.7 1060 11.7 1070 42.1 1080 42.5 1090 42.3 1090 42.9 1090 42.9 1480 58.3 1120 41.1 Sternum. 1290 ."iO.S 1300 61.2 1300 .51.2 1320 .53.0 1330 52.2 1340 52.8 1350 53.2 1350 53.2 1360 5:i.5 1400 55.1 1400 55.1 1400 55.1 1430 50.3 1440 50.7 1440 50.7 1440 50.7 1440 .56.7 1150 57.1 1450 .57.1 1460 .57.3 1470 1480 5S.3 1505 .-,11.1 ' Head. 559 22.0 561 22.0 562 23.1 562 22.1 563 22.1 663 22.1 565 565 22.3 565 33.2 566 22.2 571 23.1 571 22.4 572 22.5 572 33.5 572 33.5 572 32.5 573 23.6 574 22.0 575 22.6 576 22.6 582 .5X2 22.0 583" 23.0 " 356 14.1 .^83" 2:1.1 Neck. 335 13.2 338 13.4 340 13.4 345 14.0 345 13.0 346 13.0 347 13.0 348 13.7 348 13.7 350 13.8 350 13.8 352 13.9 353 13.9 3o4 13.9 354 14.0 355 11.0 355 11.0 355 14.0 356 14.1 356 14.1 356 14.1 356 14.1 356 14.1 % Chest Full. 881 34.0 882 34.7 888 .34.9 900 35.1 900 35.4 901 3.5.1 903 35.5 904 35.5 905 35.0 909 35.8 913 3.5.9 916 30.0 926 30.4 930 30.0 931 30.0 931 30.0 931 30.0 934 30.7 936 30.8 936 30.9 938 37.0 939 37.0 953 37.6 956 37.7 Chest Repose. 851 33..i 852 .33.0 854 33.7 857 .33.8 857 33.7 864 31.0 865 34.0 868 31.3 872 34.4 872 34.3 876 31.5 880 34.0 887 34.8 88T 34.8 888 34.9 8«9 35.0 890 36.0 .S90 35.0 891 35.1 893 35.1 894 36.2 .S98 35.3 S9.S 36.3 899 33.4 Helly. 702 703 27.7 ^27.7 703 703 27.7 708 27.8 709 28.0 710 28.0 710 2S.0 714 23.1 722 28.4 772 2S.4 723 2S.4 723 2S.1 726 28.5 729 38.7 731 3,S.7 738 29.0 738 29.0 741 745 29.3 748 29.4 748 29.4 748 29.1 749 29.3 Hips. 860 33,9 860 33.9 864 34.0 864 34.0 873 34.1 879 34.0 881 34.8 882 34.9 882 34.9 881 31.7. 886 31.8 886 31.S 888 31.9 895 35.2 896 35.0 908 35.7 912 36.9 912 35.9 912 35.8 916 30.1 921 36.2 721 30.2 922 36.3 923 36.4 g Thigii. 499 19.7 500 19.7 500 19.7 500 19.7 503 19.8 503 19.8 505 19.9 508 20.0 516 20.3 516 20.3 516 20.3 517 20.3 518 20.4 519 30.6 520 20.5 520 20.5 521 20.5 522 30.0 522 30.6 522 20.0 523 20.0 523 20.0 525 20.7 528 20.8 x^ Knee. 340 13.4 340 13.4 341 13.4 342 13.5 343 13.5 345 13.0 346 13.0 347 13.7 350 13.8 351 13.8 353 13.9 354 13.9 356 11.0 359 14.3 359 14.3 363 11.3 364 11.3 365 14.4 365 11.1 366 11.4 868 11.5 368 14.5 368 14.6 368 14.6 ^ Calf. 324 12.7 325 12.8 332 13.1 334 13.3 335 13.2 836 18.3 339 13.4 341 13.5 344 13.0 344 13.0 345 13.0 346 13.0 346 13.0 350 13.8 350 13.8 351 13.8 352 13.9 352 13.9 352 13.9 353 13.9 353 13.9 3.55 14.0 355 14.0 .355 14.0 Instep. 230 0.1 230 9.1 231 9.1 232 233 9.2 234 9.3 234 9.2 235 9.3 235 9.3 236 9.3 236 9.3 238 9.4 240 0.1 241 9.4 243 9.5 243 9.5 244 9.5 244 9.5 2,5 9.0 246 9.0 246 9.0 246 9.6 246 9.0 246 9.6 11. U. Ann contr'ed. 275 IO.S 277 10.8 280 11.0 280 11.0 282 11.1 283 11.1 285 11.2 285 11.2 287 11.3 287 11.3 290 11.1 292 11.5 293 11.0 295 11.0 296 11.0 296 11.0 296 11.0 296 11.0 297 11.7 300 11.8 300 11.8 300 11.8 300 n.8 300 11.8 Upper Arm. 246 9.0 246 9.0 246 9.0 250 9.8 251 9.8 252 9.9 25-2 9.9 252 9.9 255 10.0 255 10.0 255 10.0 255 10.0 258 10.1 258 10.1 259 10.2 259 10.3 259 10.3 259 10.3 260 10.2 260 10.2 260 10.2 261 10.2 261 262 10.3 Elbow. 239 9.4 239 9.4 240 9.4 240 9.4 240 9.4 242 9.5 243 9.0 243 9.0 245 9.0 247 9.7 247 9.7 247 9.7 250 9.8 250 9.8 252 9.9 252 9.9 252 9.9 2.53 9.9 253 254 10.0 254 10.0 2.VI 265 10.4 266 10.5 Ti'i.i'j Forearm. 250 9.8 250 9.8 250 9.8 251 9.3 251 9.8 252 9.9 253 9.9 254 9.0 256 10.1 258 10.1 258 10.1 259 10.3 260 10.3 260 10.3 261 10.3 261 10.3 261 - 10.3 262 10.3 263 10.3 264 10.3 265 10.4 266 10.6 ^ Wrist. 160 0.3 160 0.3 161 0.3 161 0.3 161 G.3 161 0.3 161 0.3 162 0.4 162 0.1 163 0.1 165 0.5 165 165 0.5, 165 6.5 166 0.5 166 0.5 167 0.0 • 167 6.6 167 0.0 168 0.0 169 6.6 170 6.7 170 6.7 171 6.8 'Head. 151 5.9 151 5.9 151 5.9 152 5.9 152 6.0 152 0.0 153 0.0 153 6.0 153 6.0 153 6.0 153 6.0 153 6.0 153 0.0 153 6.0 154 0.1 1.54 6.1 154 0.1 154 6.1 154 6.1 155 0.1 155 0.1 156 0.2 156 0.2 156 0.2 Neck. 1 104 1 4.1 104 4.1 106 4.1 106 4.1 106 4.1 107 4.1 107 1.3 107 1.2 108 4.2 108 4.2 108 4.3 108 4.2 108 4.2 109 4.3 109 4.3 109 1.3 109 4.3 109 1.3 109 1.3 109 1.3 109 4.3 109 4.3 109 4.3 109 4.3 Shoulders. 1 413 1 10.2 416 loa 418 16.4 419 16.4 423 16.6 424 16.6 429 16.9 431 16.9 431 16.9 431 10.9 431 10.9 431 16.9 432 17.0 432 17.0 432 17.0 433 17.0 433 17.0 438 17.2 438 17.3 438 17.3 439 17.3 439 17.3 440 17.3 445 17.5 Waist. 1 245 1 9.0 245 9.6 245 9.(i 245 9.0 247- 9.6 248 9.7 '248 9.7 250 9.8 252 9.8 252 9.8 ■253 0.9 253 9.9 254 10.0 254 9.9 254 9.9 254 9.9 254 9.9 256 10.1 256 10.1 256 10.1 256 10.1 260 10.2 263 10.3 263 10.3 m Hips. 1 313 313 12.3 315 12.4 316 12.1 316 12.1 316 12.4 316 12.5 318 12.3 320 12.6 324 12.7 330 13.0 332 13.0 332 13.1 332 13.1 335 13.2 335 13.2 335 13.2 335 13.2 336 13.2 337 13.3 340 13.3 ■ 341 13.1 311 13.1 341 13.1 N' 1 1 191 192 192 193 193 194 195 196 196 196 196 196 Ii)7 198 198 109 199 200 200 201 201 205 206 206 1^ IP 1 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.0 7.7 7,7 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 T.ff 8.1 8.3 8.a*?^^ Shoulder Elbow. 347 13.5 350 13.8 351 13.8 352 13.9 355 14.0 356 14.0 360 11.2 364 11.3 364 11.3 365 11.1 366 11.1 368 14.5 371 14.6 374 14.8 375 14.8 378 11.9 380 15.0 381 15.0 382 1.5.1 893 15.5 394 15.6 894 15.6 395 15.6 .396 16.7 X Elbow Tip. 430 16.9 434 17.0 436 17.1 438 17.1 442 17.4 443 17.1 445 17.5 445 17.5 446 17.5 4o0 17.7 455 17.9 lav 17.9 460 18.1 465 18.3 468 18.3 468 18.4 468 18.1 470 18.5 475 18.7 480 18.9 484 19.0 485 10.1 486 19.1 488 10.2 Foot. 242 9.5 244 9.5 244 9.5 244 9.5 247 9.6 249 9.8 252 0.8 252 9.9 252 9.9 253 256 10.0 259 10.1 260 10.2 264 10.3 264 10.3 265 10.1 265 10.1 266 10.1 267 lO.l 270 10.0 273 10.7 274 10.8 274 10.8 '1890 74.4 276 10.9 H Stretch of Arms. 1660 05.1 1690 00.5 1690 00.5 1690 O0.5 1700 66.9 1700 66.9 1700 06.9 1720 67.7 1730 08.1 1740 08.6 1770 69.7 IV 70 09.7 1780 70.1 1810 71.3 1810 71.3 1810 71.3 1810 71.3 1810 71.3 1820 71.7 1850 72.8 1870 73.6 1880 71.0 1890 71.1 Horizontal Length. 1610 63.4 1620 63.8 1640 64.0 1650 65.0 1650 66.0 1660 05.1 1680 60.1 1680 66.1 1690 00.5 IV 00 66.9 1750 08.9 1V60 09.3 IV 60 09.3 1770 69.7 1770 69.7 1770 69.7 1770 69.7 1780 70.1 1780 70.1 1790 70.5 1790 70.5 1790 70.5 1820 71.7 1840 72.4 f Lung 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 r.2 1.1 1.2 Back. Dip. a a "I Pull up. es 126 277.2 126 277.2 126 127 377.3 379.1 128 281.6 130 135 136 137 386.0 297.0 399.1 301.4 140 140 30S.O 308.0 145 147 147 148 319.0 32:1.4. 323.4 326.0 10 10 11 10 11 10 10 143 311.6 148 149 325.6 327.0 150 330.0 151' .333.2 160 333.0 164 164 164 165 167 168 168 169 171 172 173 174 174 300.8 .360.8 300.8 363.0 .307.4 :|09.6 .360.0 371.8 '376.2 373.4 380.0 :iS2.8 .3,»2.8 33 33 33 34 34 35 77.0 35 35 37 38 SS.0 38 S3.6 462 1010.4 438 963.6 455 878 lOOI.O 831.0 427 464 939.4 1020.8 405 452 459 433 891.0 99-1.4 1009.8 9.52.0 457 432 10054 950.4 LUNG CAPACITY. 1 3.45 1 210.0 3.51 215.0 3.55 210.0 8.57 220.0 3.64 3.76 3.82 222.0 230.0 234.0 3.84 236.0 3.87 237.0 3.98 340.0 3.96 4.00 4.14 4.26 441.0 250.0 2ol.O 260.0 4.2V 260.0 4.30 4.39 264.0 208.0 4.40 209.0 4.42 270.0 4.57 279.0 4.72 4.75 4.75 290.0 290.0 390.0 4.89 297.0 PILOSITY. 1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.4 1.7 2.5 2.3 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.5 Note— The "Weight" is recorded in kilos, aniiii pounch. In the series of " Strength " all but ''Pull" and " Bip " are recorded in the same way. " Lung Capacity " is given in litres anil in cMc inc/ies : the " Dip " and " Pull Up " the number of times the body is drawn or pushed up : and by " PUosity " is meant the amount of the body which is covered by hair ; supposing the surface of the body to be divided into ten parts. .\11 the rest of the measures are expressed in jnillimelers, and in inches. It will be observed that the succession of items here is not so perfect as it is in the Table of Height, partly because of a smaller number of students observed, but mainly owing to the fact that age is pi'obably not so good a basis of comparison for the physical measurements. The Fourth Table is prepared by grouping together the items and arranging them by their simple numkiucal quantities. Tak- ing for example the item of Height, and placing together the short- est student measuring sa}' 1600 m.m., we shall find but a few of these. Then selecting those who measui'cd 1610 m.m., we shall find a few more individuals, and so on, till we reach a point at which the numbers begin to fall ofl" till we reach the very tallest persons who will be say 1830 m.m. or six feet, the tallest men. This point at which we have found the greatest number of the series or the top of a curve is 1724 m.m. or 67.7 inches. This we say is the mean or medium height of a student of Amherst College, a point, or a criterion, all deviations from which ma}' be regarded as deviations from a standard, since it represents the largest actual number of objects in this group of charactei-istics. By thus group- ing all of the fifty-four items observed the Table No. IV is con- structed. Or, if represented b}' an upward curve the lowest and highest objects will place themselves at the ends of the curve, and the one which has the largest number of rei)resentatives at the top of the curve ; the medium or mean will be at the height of the curve. The Table No. V. is mainly of college interest as showing the difference in classes. Of course it is paralleled somewhat with Table No. Ill, and corroborated by it. And the fact is shown that the growth and increase is more conspicuous during the early than the later college years. The physiological truth is also cor- roborated that bodily growth is mainly attained before the period of majority, as is always recognised in civil law. The detailed method of securing these statistics is to be found in the report of the Anthropometric Committee of the American Association for the Advancement of Physical Education made in November, 1886 at Brooklyn, New York, which is in a subsequent part of this manual. THE Anthropometric Card OF Mr at the age of. years, months, made out this day, His height is between and Tnillimeters , or and...:. inches. \ Condition of Eyes: Ears : Heart : Lungs: Muscles : Anthropometric Card of HEIGHT in m.m. 1 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 65.4 1670 65.7 HEIGHT in inch's 1 63.0 63.4 63.8 64.2 64.6 65.0 WEIGHT. 53.9 118.5 54.0 118.8 54.1 119.0 54.5 119.9 b4:.l 55.5 120.3 122.1 57.3 127.1 57.9 127.3 Knee. 425 16.7 430 16.9 439 17.3 442 17.4 448 448 17.6 17.6 450 J7.7 454 17.8 H |T| Sitting. 851 33.5 856 33.7 869 34.3 870 34.3 879 880 34.5 34.6 883 34.7 884 34.7 1— 1 Pubes. 397 31.3 800 31.6 810 31.9 812 32.0 814 820 32.0 32.3 835 33.0 839 33.1 Navel. 947 37.4 958 87.8 962 37.9 966 38.0 974 679 38.4 38.5 983 38.8 986 39.0 Sternum. 1290 50.8 1300 51.2 1300 51.2 1320 52.0 1330 1340 52.2 52.8 1350 53.2 1350 53.2 'Head. 559 22.0 561 22.0 562 22.1 562 22.1 563 563 22.1 22.1 565 22.2 565 22.2 Neck. 335 13.2 338 13.4 340 13.4 345 14.0 345 346 13.6 13.6 347 13.6 348 13.7 Chest Full. 881 34.6 882 34.7 888 34.9 900 35.4 900 901 33.4 35.4 903 35.5 904 35.5 Chest Repose 851 33.5 852 33.6 854 33.7 857 33.8 857 864 33.7 34.0 865 34.0 868 34.2 Belly. ■ 702 27.7 703 27.7 703 27.7 703 27.7 708 709 27.8 28.0 710 28.0 710 28.0 Hips. 860 33.9 860 33.9 864 34.0 864 34.0 873 879 34.4 34.6 881 34.8 882 34.9 ffl Thigh. 499 19.7 500 19.7 500 19.7 500 19.7 503 503 19.8 19.8 505 19.9 508 20.0 h— 1 Knee. 340 13.4 340 13.4 341 13.4 342 13.5 343 345 13.5 13.6 346 13.6 347 13.7 o Calf. 324 12.7 325 12.8 332 13.1 334 13.2 335 336 13.2 13.2 339 13.4 341 13.5 Instep. 230 9.1 230 9.1 231 9.1 232 9.2 233 234 9.2 9.3 "282'"" 283 ' 11.1 11.1 234 9.2 '285 11.2 235 9.3 285 11.2 R.U.Arm c'd. 275 10.8 277 10.8 280 11.0 280 11.0 Upper Arm. 246 9.6 246 9.6 246 9.6 260 9.8 251 252 9.8 9.9 252 9.9 252 9.9 Elbow. 239 9.4 239 9.4 240 9.4 240 9.4 240 242 9.4 9.5 243 9.6 243 9.6 Forearm. 250 9.8 250 9.8 250 9.8 251 9.8 251 252 9.8 9.9 253 9.9 254 9.9 I ^ Wrist. 160 6.3 160 6.3 161 6.3 161 6.3 161 161 6.3 6.3 161 6.3 162 6.4 Anthropometric Card of HEIGHT in mm. | 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750| HEIGHT in inch's 66.1 66.5 66.9 67.3 67.3 68.1 68.5 68.9 WEIGHT. 60.1 132.0 61.5 135.3 61.3 134.8 61.3 134.8 61.7 135.7 62.1 136.6 62.5 137.5 63.9 140.5 Knee. 460 18.1 473 18.6 474 18.7 474 18.7 478 18.8 484 19.0 486 19.1 486 19.1 1— 1 Sitting. 891 35.0 905 35.6 908 35.7 908 35.7 910 35.8 918 36.1 918 36.2 918 36.2 Pubes. 853 33.6 862 34.0 863 34.0 863 34.0 867 34.1 870 34.3 874 34.4 880 34.6 Navel. 991 39.0 1020 40.2 1020 40.2 1020 40.3 1020 40.2 1040 40.9 1050 41.3 1060 41.3 Sternum. 1360 53.5 1400 55.1 1400 55.1 1400 55.1 1430 56.3 1440 56.7 1440 56.7 1440 56.7 'Head. 565 22.3 566 23.3 571 23.4 571 22.4 572 22.5 572 -22.5 572 22.5 572 33.5 Neek. 348 13.7 350 13.8 350 13.8 352 13.9 353 13.9 354 13.9 354 14.0 355 14.0 Chest Full. 905 35.6 909 35.8 913 35.9 916 36.0 926 36.4 930 36.6 931 36.6 931 36.6 Chest Repose 872 34.4 872 34.3 876 34.5 880 34.6 887 34.8 887 34.8 888 34.9 889 35.0 Belly. 714 28.1 722 28.4 772 28.4 723 28.4 723 28.4 726 28.5 729 28.7 731 38.7 Hips. 882 34.9 884 34.7 886 34.8 886 34.8 888 34.9 895 35.2 896 35.6 908 35.7 |T| Thigh. 516 20.3 516 20.3 516 30.3 517 20.3 518 30.4 519 30.5 520 20.5 520 20.5 H J Knee. 350 13.8 351 13.8 353 13.9 354 13.9 356 14.0 359 14.2 359 14.2 363 14.3 C!5 Calf. ^ 344 13.6 344 13.6 345 13.6 346 13.6 346 13.6 350 13.8 350 13.8 351 13.8 Instep. 235 9.3 236 9.3 236 9.3 238 9.4 240 9.4 241 9.4 243 9.5 243 9.5 R.U.Arm c'd. 287 11.3 287 11.3 290 31.4 292 11.5 293 11.6 295 11.6 296 11.6 296 11.6 Upper Arm. 255 10.0 255 10.0 255 10.0 255 10.0 258 10.1 258 10.1 259 10.2 259 10.2 252 9.9 Elbow. 245 9.6 247 9.7 247 9.7 247 9.7 250 9.8 250 9.8 252 9.9 Forearm. 1 256 10.1 258 10.1 258 10.1 259 10.2 260 10.3 260 10.2 261 10.3 261 10.3 ^Wrist. 162 6.4 163 6.4 165 6.5 165 6.0 165 6.5 165 5.5 166 6.6 166 6.5 — Anthropometric Card of HEIGHT iu mm. I 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 HEIGHT ill inch's 69.3 69.7 70.1 70.5 70.9 71.3 71.7 72.0 WEIGHT. 65.1 143.0 67.8 149.1 67.8 149.1 68.0 149.6 68.2 150.0 68.2 1.50.0 68.3 150.7 1J873 150.7 Knee. 489 19.3 494 19.6 499 19.7 500 19.7 504 19.9 517 20.3 519 20.5 525 20.7 vSitting. 924 36.3 925 36.4 925 36.4 933 36.7 934 36.7 937 36.8 939 37.0 939 37.0 Pubes. 886 34.8 895 35.2 896 35.2 899 35.4 907 35.7 918 36.1 919 36.2 921 36.3 Navel. 1060 41.7 1060 41.7 1070 42.1 1080 42.5 1090 42.5 1090 42.9 1090 42.9 1120 44.1 Sternum. 1440 56.7 H50 57.1 1450 57.1 1460 57.5 1470 57.9 1480 58.3 1480 58.3 1505 59.1 'Head. 573 23.5 574 22.6 575 22.6 576 22.6 582 22.8 582 22.9 583 23.0 583 23.1 Neck. 355 14.0 355 14.0 356 14.1 356 14.1 356 14.1 356 14.1 356 14.1 356 14.1 Chest Full. 931 36.6 934 36.7 936 36.8 936 36.9 938 37.0 939 37.0 953 37.5 956 37.7 Chest Repose 890 35.0 890 35.0 891 35.1 893 35.1 894 35.2 898 35.3 898 35.3 899 35.4 Belly. 738 29.0 738 29.0 741 29.2 745 29.3 748 29.4 748 29.4 748 29.4 749 29.5 Hips. 912 35.9 912 35.9 912 35.8 916 36.1 921 36.2 721 36.2 922 36.3 923 36.4 w Thigh. 521 20.5 522 20.6 522 20.6 522 20.6 523 20.6 523 20.6 525 20.7 528 20.8 ^ J 1— 1 Knee. 364 14.3 365 14.4 365 14.4 366 14.4 868 14.5 368 14.5 368 14.5 368 14.5 o Calf. 352 13.9 352 13.9 352 13.9 353 13.9 353 13.9 355 14.0 355 14.0 355 14.0 Instep. 244 9.5 244 9.5 245 9.6 246 9.6 246 9.6 246 9.6 246 9.6 246 9.6 R.U.Arm c'd. 296 11.6 296 11.6 297 11.7 300 11.8 300 11.8 300 11.8 300 11.8 300 11.8 Upper Arm. 259 10.2 259 10.2 260 10.2 260 10.2 260 10.2 261 10.2 261 10.2 262 10.3 Elbow. 252 9.9 253 9.9 253 9.9 254 10.0 254 10.0 254 10.0 254 10.0 255 10.0 Forearm. 261 10.3 262 10.3 263 10.3 264 10.3 265 10.4 265 10.4 266 10.5 266 10.5 ^ Wrist. 167 6.6 167 6.6 167 6.6 168 6.6 169 6.6 170 6.7 170 6.7 171 6.8 10 Anthropometric Card of HEIGHT in m.m. 1 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 HEIGHT in inch's 1 63.0 63.4 63.8 64.2 64.6 65.0 65.4 65 7 fHead. 151 5.9 151 5.9 151 5.9 152 5.9 152 6.0 152 6.0 153 6.0 153 6.0 M Neck. 104 4.1 104 4.1 106 4.1 106 4.1 106 4.1 107 4.1 107 4.2 107 4.2 H P < < Shoulders. 413 16.2 416 16.3 418 16.4 419 16.4 423 16.6 424 16.6 429 16.9 431 16.9 Waist. 245 9.6 245 9.6 245 9.6 245 9.6 247 9.6 248 9.7 248 9.7 250 9.8 m Hips. 313 12.3 313 12.3 315 12.4 316 12.4 316 12.4 316 12.4 316 12.5 318 12.5 Nipples. 191 7.5 192 7.6 192 7.6~ 193 7.6 193 7.6 194 7.6 195 7.7 196 7,7 'Sh'lder Elbow 1 347 13.5 350 13.8 351 13.8 352 13.9 355 14.0 356 14.0 360 14.2 364 14.3 Elbow Tip. 430 16.9 434 17.0 436 17.1 438 17.1 442 17.4 443 17.4 445 17.5 445 17.5 Foot. 242 9.5 244 9.5 244 9.5 244 9.5 247 9.6 ' 249 9.8 252 .9.8 252 9.9 Stretch Arms. 1660 65.4 1690 66.5 1690 66.5 1690 66.5 1700 66.9 1700 66.9 1700 66.9 1720 67.7 Hor'l Length. 1610 63.4 1620 63.8 1640 64.6 1650 65.0 1650 65.0 1660 65.4 1680 66.1 1680 66.1 Lungs. 1.5 3.3 1.3 2.8 1.4 3.0 1.2 2.6 1.2 2.6 1.3 2.8 1.2 2.6 1.2, 2.6 Back. 126 275.0 126 277.2 126 277.2 126 277.2 126 277.2- 127 279.4 128 281.6 129 283.8 Dip. 10 7 8 9 8 6 7 6 Pull up. 11 10 10 11 9 10 11 10 Legs. 130 286.0 143 314.6 147 323.4 148 325.6 149 327.0 150 330.0 151 332.2 154 338 8 Forearm. 33 72.6 33 72.6 33 72.6 34 74.8 34 74.8 35 77.0 35 77.0 35 77.0 Total. 462 1016.4 463 1018.6 438 963.6 455 1001.0 378 831.6 397 873.4 363 798.6 427 939.4 LUNG CAP'TY. 3.45 210.0 3.51 215.0 3.55 216.0 3.57 220.0 3.64 222.0 3.76 230.0 3.82 234.0 3.84 235.0 PILOSITY. 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 11 Anthropometric Card of HEIGHT ia m.m. 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 HEIGHT in inch's 66.1 66.5 66.9 67.3 67.3 68.1 68.5 68. & 'Head. 153 6.0 153 6.0 153 6.0 153 6.0 153 6.0 153 6.0 154 6.1 154 6.1 W Neck. 108 4.2 108 4.2 108 4.2 108 4.2 108 4.2 109 4.2 109 4.3 109 4.3 Q Shoulders. 431 16.9 431 16.9 431 16.9 431 16.9 432 17.0 432 17.0 432 17.0 433 17.0 Waist. . 252 9.8 252 9.8 253 9.9 253 9.9 254 10.0 254 9.9 254 9.9 254 9.9 pq Hips. 320 12.6 324 12.7 330 13.0 332 13.0 332 13.1 332 13.1 335 13.2 335 13.2 Nipples. 196 7.7 196 7.7 196 7.7 196 7.7 197 7.7 198 7.7 198 7.8 199 7.9 'Sh'lder Elbow 364 14.3 365 14.4 366 14.4 368 14.5 371 14.6 374 14.8 375 14.8 378 14.9 Elbow Tip. 446 17.5 450 17.7 455 17.9 457 17.9 460 18.1 465 18.3 468 18.3 468 18.4 Ci5 J Foot. 252 9.9 253 9.9 256 10.0 259 10.1 260 10.2 264 10.3 264 10.3 265 10.4 Stretch Arms. 1730 68.1 1740 68.5 1770 69.7 1770 69.7 1780 70.1 1810 71.3 1810 71.3 1810 71.3 Hor'l Length. 1690 66.5 1700 66.9 1750 68.9 176U 69.3 1760 69.3 1770 69.7 1770 69.7 1770 69.7 Lungs. 1.2 2.6 1.1 2.4 1.3 2.8 1.1 2.4 1.1 2.4 1.3 2.8 1.2 2.6 1.2 2.6 Back. 130 286.0 135 297.0 136 299.1 137 301.4 138 303.6 140 308.0 140 308.0 140 308.0 o Dip. 7 6 6 6 7 6 5 6 Pull up. 10 10 9 9 10 10 8 7 P5 Legs. 159 349.8 160 352.0 163 358.6 164 360.8 164 360.8 164 360.8 165 363.0 167 367.4 Forearm. 37 81.4 38 83.6 38 83.6 38 83.6 38 83.6 39 85.8 39 85.8 39 85.8 Total. 464 1020.8 434 954.8 426 937.2 405 891.0 452 994.4 459 1009.8 433 952.6 437 961.4 LUNG CAP'TY. 1 3.87 1 237.0 3.93 240.0 8.96 241.0 4.00 250.0 4.14 254.0 4.26 260.0 4.27 260.0 4.30 264.0 PILOSITY. 1 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.4 1.7 2.5 2.3 2.8 12 Anthropometric Card of HEIGHT in m.m. 1 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 HEIGHT in incn's 1 69.3 69.7 70.1 70.5 70.9 71. S 71.1 72.0 Head. 154 6.1 154 6.1 154 6.1 155 6.1 155 6.1 156 , 6.2 156 6.2 156 6.2 ffl Neck. 109 4.3 109 4.3 109 4.3 109 4.3 109 4.3 109 4.3 109 4.3 109 4.3 f4 Shoulders. 433 17.0 438 17.2 438 17.2 438 17.2 439 17.3 439 17.3 440 17.3 445 17.5 Waist. 254 9.9 256 10.1 256 10.1 256 10.1 256 10.1 260 10.2 263 10.3 263 10.8 PQ Hips. 335 13.2 335 13.2 336 13.2 337 13.3 340 13.3 341 13.4 341 13.4 341 13.4 Nipples. 199 7.9 200 7.9 200 7.9 201 7.9 201 7.9 205 8.1 206 8.2 206 8.2 'Sh'lder Elbow 380 15.0 381 15.0 382 15.1 393 15.5 394 15.6 394 15.6 395 15.6 396 15.7 w Elbow Tip. 468 18.4 470 18.5 475 18.7 480 18.9 484 19.0 485 19.1 486 19.1 488 19.2 5 J Foot. 265 10.4 266 10.4 267 10.4 270 10.6 273 10.7 274 10.8 274 10.8 276 10.9 Stretch Arms. 1810 71.3 1810 71.3 1820 71.7 1850 72.8 1870 73.6 1880 74.0 1890 74.4 1890 74.4 Hor'l Length. 1770 69.7 1780 70.1 1780 70.1 1790 70.5 1790 70.5 1790 70.5 1820 71.7 1840 72.4 Lungs. 1.2 2.6 1.3 2.8 1.2 2.6 1.2 2.6 1.1 2.4 1.2 2.6 1.1 2.4 1.2 2.6 Back. 141 310.0 141 310.2 141 310.2 142 3J2.4 145 319.0 147 323.4 147 323.4 148 825.6 H Dip. 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 Pull up. 8 8 8 9 8 8 8 11 Legs. 168 369.6 168 369.6 169 371.8 171 376.2 172 378.4 173 380.0 174 382.8 174 382.8 Forearm. 39 85.8 39 85.8 40 88.0 41 90.2 41 90.2 41 90.2 42 92.4 42 92.4 Total. 457 1005.4 432 950.4 427 939.4 462 800.4 426 937.2 451 992.2 458 1007.6 478 1051.6 LUNG CAP'TY. 4.39 268.0 4.40 269.0 4.42 270.0 4.57 279.0 4.72 290.0 4.75 290.0 4.75 290.0 4.89 297.0 PILOSITY. 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.2 2:4 2.6 2.5 T.A.BLE III. ANTHROPOMETRIC TABLE. ARRANGED BY AGES. \ A&E IN YEARS, 10 17 IS 1!» ■20 21 22 23 24 25 28 VVEIGHT, 58.6 'I-'n i;i .11 i;i .N ';:;;; ';^;- (;■-'. 1 6 1.5 '^aT 64.8 ifBody, 170J 1 7 -.' 1 ':rr ^\~\ IT-.'l '■;■:; ' I'- 1 7 ] r, 'If:' 1 72.T 1724 X Steruum, 134;) 14117 1 iii.s 1403 14116 1412 ll 00 1J07 1407 1444 1450 3 Navel, Ill2;l I02.S 1024 1024 1022 1018 1018 1040 40.9 1043 1047 Pulies, .S.-)6 868 868 863 865 ■n'l' >i:>\\ 867 882 .S50 882 B Knee, 472 1S.5 475 476 476 474 479 K~, 473 481 489 493 Sitting. HK7 897 897 903 9114 910 907 902 909 913 922 Head. .564 ^!';' ■;i'J 567 568 5", 3 6 70 671 ~573" 5J7 672 Neck, .■>4l' 34 2 ;i4(; 3.) 2 352 3611 356 357 368 360 374 1 Chest Repose, .S4.-) :»..? Slil 878 885 34.J 902 k!" ,s:i(l 906 914 S,s7 f "Clicst Full, S8S( 890 909 92o 928 936 938 30.9 94 2 'k!! 951 'in Belly, 70-i 27.7 705 27.8 717 723 I'S.S 739 738 743 !,;,'■,' 753 '■{'1 1 Hips, 861 39.9 8-1 (i K77 .3.1..5 893 3.5.2 893 899 903 900 911 905 922 Right Thigh, 601 506 507 614 20.2 316 622 519 20.4 517 532 519 20.4 625 Left Thigh, 493 .103 502 512 20.1 511 519 617 514 623 322 531 Right Knee, 3.00 356 356 36.S 358 360 373 354 361 '39 Im Left Knee, 354 3oa 355 358 14.1 369 360 358 353 360 361 365 Right Calf, 342 338 342 348 347 855 330 349 338 362 356 g-| Left Calf, 340 13.4 337 341 13.1 347 13.7 34 7 13.7 34.M 351 347 352 351 353 13.9 o Right Instep, 238 238 9.3 240 241 242 9.,i 243 243 243 246 247 262 Left Instep, -238 237 239 239 239 240 242 242 246 240 247 R. U. Aral conti'cd. n'.d tf" ■Jf'.' m" 'u- 299 300 298 307 309 307 Right Upper Aim, 247 'tl 250 ''T\ 261) 265 267 267 267 267 266 Left Upper Arm, 23a 242 247 257 254 257 237 263 262 262 262 Right Elbow, 244 244 247 250 252 254 262 251 254 256 254 Left Elbow, 239 241 244 245 24 7 250 24!) 24 6 -'■"'- 249 253 Right Forearm, 1i!o 258 260 262 263 266 265 260 10.2 26.S 271 267 Left Forearm, 247 248 253 9,9 265 258 269 258 269 10.0 264 10.3 262 10.2 260 Right Wrist, 165 163 166 165 165 166 165 166 167 167 170 6.7 Left Wrist, 164 162 164 163 163 164 163 164 166 165 167 0.0 Head, 162 1,53 153 153 154 154 154 166 164 186 163 a b ISeck, 106 105 106 107 109 108 4.3 108 108 109 109 111 Shoulders, 410 424 422 428 431 li;.9 437 436 430 441 443 446 6^ Waist, 244 244 248 250 258 265 234 2111 26.1 263 203 ;a Hips, 320 320 320 324 324 32V 327 32 V 332 332 3.33 Nipples, 185 189 198 194 198 202 201 202 206 204 214 r D- w u-iK 370 373 372 371 371 373 372 374 378 369 378 14.9 387 "'S""^'"""' i4.e U.7 14.0 14.6 14.6 14.0 14.7 14,9 Left Elbow, 366 14..1 370 370 3V0 3V0 14.0 3V1 14.0 370 •6 la 14.8 3V8 15.0 ■jj Right Elbow Tip, 438 461 466 459 is.o 459 18.0 460 469 463 46o 18.3 469 466 b ■ Lett Elbow Tip, 437 457 460 459 is.o 458 469 459 460 18.1 464 18.2 45V 463 IS.2 Right Foot, 260 260 10.2 258 269 259 261 10.2 269 10.0 258 264 261 263 10.3 -3 Left Foot, 259 259 268 259 268 260 2.-)9 2oV 263 260 263 Stretch of Arms, 1770 1774 1780 1780 1781 1778 1779 1797 1802 1826 1833 Horizontal, 1722 1732 1733 1732 1736 173V 1731 1V31 IV 03 1V42 0S.5 1770 f Lungs, 1.1) 1.3 1.3 \-^ 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 3.03 1.3 2.66 J •Back, 123 120 129 183 137 301 142 134 141 144 143 141 310 Dip, 2.8 4.5 5.6 6.3 7.1 7.3 7.1 7.4 7.4 8.0 6.0 b Pull Up, 7.9 8.0 9.3 9.6 10.0 10.1 10.3 10.0 9.0 10.7 8.8 a ^Legs, 145 144 157 345 164 164 300 176 387 169 163 166 365 43.7 90.1 V: Right Forearm, 33.5 35.6 37.2 38.9 39.0 40.9 40.9 41.3 42.4 42.5 93.5 Lett Forearm, 33.5 37.1 34.3 37.8 40.5 40.0 38.6 36.0 39.6 38.3 39.1 Total Strength, 372 379 423 436 467 471 464 445 450 421 477 /I .UNG CAPACITY, 3.82 •>35 4.03 4.03 4.33 4.30 4.32 263 4.29 4.33 4.3V 207 4.63 2S3 2.60 4.44 272 'ILOSITY. 2.27 2.24 2.44 2.21 2.34 2.46 2.02 2.32 2.64 2.30 For Explanation see " Note " under Table II. 12 13 T^A-BLE II. The Average Student as gathered from 7988 individuals in Amherst College between 1861-2—1885-6. Met- ric. Eng- lish. Met- ric. En(J- LISH. ICilos. Pounds. m. m. Inches. Weight. 61.2 134.6 Xl ' Head, 155 6.1 m.m. Inches. K Neck, 108 4.2 ^ fBody, 1725 67.7 Q J. Shoulders, 430 16.9 ^ Sternum, 1410 55 5 <^ Waist, 257 10.1 K Navel, 1030 40.6 S Hips, 323 12.7 h-i Pubes, 860 33.9 ^Nipples, 198 7.8 w Knee, 476 18.7 M ^ Sitting, 903 35.5 'A Sh'lder Elbows. 370 14.6 ffl Elbow Tips, 464 18.2 ^Head, 572 22.5 '%■ Feet, 260 10.2 Neck, 349 13.8 Arm Stretch, 1780 70.1 Chest Repose, 880 34.6 w Hor. Lenoth, 1730 68.1 Chest P^ill, 922 36.3 P-5 ^ o ' !Xi Belly, Hips, 724 893 28.4 35.1 Lung Capacity. Liters. 2.96 Cub. In. 242.5 Thighs, Knees, Calves, 515 355 345 20.3 14.0 13.6 CO ' Lungs, Back, Kilos. 1.0 147 Times. Ponnds. 2.20 323.4 Insteps, 241 9.4 < Chest Dip, 6 R. U. Arm cont'd, 295 11.6 Chest Pull, 9 Upper Arms, 257 10.0 w ^ Leofs, Kilos. 185 Pounds . 407.0 Forearms, 260 10.2 CO Forearms. 39 85.8 Elbows, 249 9.8 ^ ' . Part of ^Wrists, 163 6.4 Pilosity, Body. 2.25 T^BLE OF ME^lSrS. WEIGHT, 60.5 133.1 Left Forearm, 260 10.2 Body, 1724 67.7 Right Wrist, 160 6.3 r/ Sternum, 1420 55.9 Left Wrist, 160 6.3 H M Navel, 1020 40.2 XI Q Head, 150 5.9 Pubes, 860 33.9 Neck, 100 3 9 K Knee, 475 18.7 Shoulders, 430 16 9 ^ Sitting, 908 35.7 Waist, 250 9.8 Head, 560 22.0 Hips, 325 12.8 Neck, 350 13.8 Nipples, 200 7.9 Chest Repose, 890 35.0 ' Right Sh'lder Elbow, 370 14.6 Chest Full, 940 87.0 Left Sh'lder Elbow, 370 14 6 Belly, 740 29.1 Right Elbow Tip, 455 17 9 Hips, 900 35.4 Left Elbow Tip, 445 17 5 Right Thigh, 520 20.5 Right Foot, 260 10.2 Left Thigh, \ 510 ° ' 1 20.1 Left Foot, 255 10.0 Right Knee, 350 13.8 Stretch of Arms, 1781 70 1 Left Knee, 350 13.8 Horizontal, 1740 68.5 Right Calf, 340 13.4 si H ^ < X ' Lungs, 1.5 Left Calf, 340 13.4 3.30 Back, 150 Right Instep, 240 9.4 Chest Dip, 6 Left Instep, 240 9.4 Chest Pull Up, 10 R. U. Arm contr'ed. 290 11.4 Legs, 170 Right Upper Arm, 270 10.6 Right Forearm, 40 Left Upper Arm, 250 9.8 Left Forearm, 35 Right Elbow, 250 9.8 Total Strength, 470 Left Elbow, 250 9.8 LUNG CAPACITY, 4.3 Right Forearm, 270 10.6 267 PILOSITY. 1 2 15 TABLE OF COLLEGE GLASSES. ^a ros I; a.3s 5^ p; cS © CO rt>S Wag C3 DO ^ CO Qi ^ « ^ Eh =S O Ph o ® -^ fl * O '^ •* Hlfl 22-4 21-10 141.88 64.55 67.96 1726 140.59 63.77 67.86 1724 35.88 35.61 904 11.78 299 11.72 298 11.07 280^ 11.07 280 252.0 250.0 4.10 10.99 Seniors. 11.12 Juniors. 20-3 188.24 62.70 67.61 1717 35.50 902 11.70 297 10.93 278 249.9 4.09 10.35 Sopliomores. 19-2 132.99 60,32 67.40 1712 34.35 878 10.99 279 10.40 264 239.5 3.97 8.65 Freshmen. ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS. Number. — lu order to secure privacy tlie individual should be entered in the record book by number. As a means of identifica- tion the number can be entered m an alphabetical index book opposite the corresponding name, as : Smith, John H., 526. For further convenience it is advisable to enter the name in a numerical index book opposite the corresponding number, as : 526, John H. Smith. Date. — Record the year, month, day and hour, as: Jan., '86, 12, 9 A. M. Where perfect accuracy is desired, note should be made of the time that has elapsed since eating, the occupation of previous hours, and of the temperature of the room. Age. — Record years aud months, as: 21, 9, i. e., twenty-one years and nine months. Weight. — The weight of the body should be taken without clothes. Where this is impracticable the weight of the clothes should be deducted. Height. — The height should be taken without shoes and with the head uncovered. The head and figure should be held easily erect, aud the heels together. This position is best secured by bringing the heels, the buttocks, the spine between the shoulders and the back of the head, in contact with the measuring rod. Height of Knee. — The subject should place one foot on a box or chair of such a height that the knee is bent at a right angle. A box about 12 in. hi&h is suitable for adults. Press a ruler 16 upwards with a force of about one pound against the bam string tendons close t(j the calf of tlie leg. See that the ruler is held in a position at right angles to the vertical rod, and measure the height of the top o( the ruler from the box. Height Sitting. — Lei the subject sit on a hard, flat surface about 12 inches high, such as afforded by a box or chair, with the head and figure easily erect so that the measuring rod will touch the body at the buttocks, between the shoulders, and at the back of the head. Measure the distance from the box to the vertex. Height of Pubes. — With the subject standing easily erect on the box or floor, measure up to the lower edge of the pubic bone. Height op Crotch. — With the subject standing easily erect on the 1)ox or floor facing the vertical rod, press a ruler firmly against the perineum (crotch) and measure the height of the top of the ruler. Height op Navel. — With the figure and head of the subject erect, measure the height of the centre of the cicatrix. Height of Sternum. — With the figure and head of the subject erect, measure the height of the interclavicular notch. Girth of Head. — This measurement should be taken around the head with the tape at the upper edge of the eye brows, over the supra orbital and occipital prominences. All girths should be made on the skin itself and at right angles to the axis of the body or limb at the point of measurement. No oblique measurements are taken. Girth of Neck. — With the head of the subject erect, pass the tape around the neck half way between the head and body, or just below the "■' Adam's apple." Girth of Chest. — Pass the tape around the chest so that it shall embrace the scapulae and cover the nipple. The arms of the subject should be held in a horizontal position while ihe tape is being adjusted and then allowed to hang naturally at the sides. Take the girth here before and after inflation. Where it is desirable to test the elasticity or extreme mobilit}' of the walls of the chest, a third measurement may be taken after the air has been forced out and the chest contracted to its greatest extent. To test the respiratory power, independent of muscular development, pass the tape around the body below the pectora line and the inferior angles of the scapulae, so that the npper edge shall be two inches below the nipples. Take the girth here before and after inflation. 17 Girth of Waist. — The waist should be measured at the small- est part after a natural expiration. Girth op Hips. — The subject should stand erect with feet together. Pass the tape around the hips above the pubes over the trochanters and the glutei muscles. Girth op Thighs. — With the feet of the subject about six inches apart, the muscles set just enough to sustain the equilib- rium of the body and the weight distributed equally to each leg in gluteal fold, measure around the thigh just below the nates. GiRTPi OF Knee. — With the knee of the subject straight and the weight of the body equally supported on both legs, measure over the centre of the patella. Girth of Calf. — With the heels down and the weiL'ht of the body supported equally on both feet, the tape should be placed around the largest part of the calf. Girth of Instep. — Measure around the instep at right angles with the top of the foot, passing a point at the bottom of the foot midway between the end of the great toe and back of the heel. Girth op Upper Arm. —With the arm of subject bent hard at elbow, firmly contracting the biceps and held away from the body in a horizontal position, pass the tape around the greatest promi- nence. If desirable to find the girth of the upper arm when the biceps is not contracted, the arm should be held in a horizontal position and measured around the most prominent part. Girth of Elbow. — Taken around the internal condyle of the humerus while the arm of the subject is straight, with the muscles of the forearm relaxed. Girth op Forearm. — Taken around the largest part. The fist should be firmly clinched and the palm of the hand turned upward. Girth op Wrist. — With the hands of the subject open and the muscles of the forearm relaxed, measure between the styloid process and the hand. Breadth of Head. — The breadth of head should be taken at the broadest part. In taking the breadth measurements, stand behind the subject. Breadth op Neck. — Taken at the narrowest part with the head of the subject erect and the muscles of the neck relaxed. Breadth of Shoulders. — With the subject standing in a nat- ural position, elbows at the sides, shoulders neither dropped for- ward nor braced backward, measure the broadest part two inches below the acromion processes. 18 Breadth of Waist. — Taken at the narrowest part. Breadth op Hips. — Measure the widest part over the troch- anters, while the subject stands with feet together, the weight resting equally on both legs. Breadth of Nipples. — Taken from centre to centre with the chest in a natural position. Depth of Chest. — Taken after a natural inspiration. Place one foot of the calipers on the sternum midway between the nipples, and the other foot on the spine at such a point that the line of measurement is at right angles with the axis of the spinal column. When it is desirable to ascertain the extent of the^ ante- ro-posterior movement of the chest, measurements may be taken from the same points after the fullest inspiration and after the fullest expiration. Depth of Abdomen. — Place one foot of the calipers immedi- ately above the navel, th'C other on the spine at such a point that the line of measurement is at right angles to the axis of the spinal column. Length of Shoulder to Elbow. — With the arm of the subject bent sharply at the elbow and held at the side, measure from the top of the acromion process to the olecranon. Care should be taken that the measuring rod is parallel with the humerus and not with the external surface of the arm. Length from Elbow to Finger Tip.- — With the arm of the subject bent sharply at the elbow and the rod resting on back of arm and hand, measure from the olecranou process to the tip of the middle finger. Length of Foot. — Take the extreme length of foot from the end of the first or second toe to the back of the heel, about one inch from the surface upon which the foot rests. Stretch of Arms. — With the arms of subject stretched out horizontally so that both hands and shoulders are in a line, with one middle finger and the zero end of the measuring rod pressed against the wall, note the point to which the other middte finger tip reaches. Horizontal Length. — With the heels of the subject pressed hard against a perpendicular wall, with arms at the sides and body resting naturally on a horizontal plane, measure the distance of the apex of the head from the wall. Capacity of Lungs. — The subject after loosening the clothing 19 about the chest and taking a full inspiration, filling the lungs to iheir utmost capacity, should blow slowly into the spirometer. Two or three trials may be allowed. Expiratory Strength. — As before, the subject after loosening the clothing about the chest and filling the lungs completely, should blow with one blast into the manometer. Care should be taken that no air is allowed to escape at the sides of the mouth, and that in expelling the air all the muscles of expiration are brought into play. Strength of Back. — The subject, standing upon the iron foot- rest, with the dynometer so arranged that when grasping the handles with both hands his body will be inclined forward at an angle of 60°, should take a full breath and without bending the knees, g^ive one hard lift, mostly with the back. Strength of Legs. — The subject while standing on the foot- rest with body and head erect, and chest thrown forward, should sink down, by bending the knees, until the handle grasped rests against the thighs, then taking a full breath, he should lift hard px'incipally with the legs, using the hands to hold the handle in place. Strength of Chest. — The subject with his elbows extended at the sides until the forearms are on the same horizontal plane and holding the dynometer so that the dial will face outward and the indicator point upward, should take a full breath and push vigor- ously against the handles, allowing the back of the instrument to press on the chest. Strength of Upper Arms, Triceps. — The subject, while hold- ing the position of rest upon the parallel bars, supporting his weight with arms straight, should let the body down until the chin is level with the bars, and then push it up again until the arms are fully extended. Note the number of times that he can lift himself in this manner. Strength of Upper Arms, Biceps. ^ — The subject should grasp a horizontal bar or pair of rings and hang with the feet clear from the floor while the arms are extended. Note the number of times that he can haul his body up until his chin touches the bar or ring. Strength of Forearms. — The subject, while holding the dynamometer so that the dial is turned inward, should squeeze the spring as hard as possible, first with the right hand then with the 20 left. The strength of the muscles between the shoulders may be tested with the same instrument. The subject, while holding the dynamometer on a level with the chest, should grasp it with hand- les and pull with both arms from the centre outward. Total Strength. — The Total Strength is purely an arbitrary, and relative, rather than an actual test of strength as its name would indicate. And while confessedly imperfect, it seems decid- edly desirable that there should be some method of comparison which does not depend entirely on lifting a dead weight against gravity, or steel springs. The bodily weight is multiplied by the sum of the "Dip and Pull." (This is divided by ten simnly to prevent too great a num- ber of figures in the calculation.) To this is added the strength of back, the strength of legs, the average of the forearms, and the lung strength. The sum is the Total Strength. For example, the vreight of No. is 64.6 kilos. The Dip is 11, the Pull 12—23. The Back Strength is 125, the Leg Strength 150, the Forearms 40 and the Lungs 1.4. Or, 64.6X23 ^10+125+150+40+1.4=464.9. FiLOSiTY. — Note the amount of hair on the body and limbs, exchiding the head, face and pubes. Color of Hair. — Light (Very Fair, Fair, Light Brown, Brown), Dark (Dark Brown, Black Brown, Black). Red (Red Brown, Red, Golden). Color of Eyes. — Light (Dark Blue, Blue, Light Blue). DarTc (Light Brown, Brown, Dark Brown, Black). Mixed (Gray, Green). DIRECTIONS FOR TESTING THE REFRACTIVE CONDI- TION OF THE EYE. PREPARED BY DR. H. H. SEELYE. Procure of any optician two pairs of spectacles, one with convex glasses. No. +.75 Dioptric (equal to No. +.48 in the old or English system), and the other with coilcave glasses. No. — .75 Dioptric. Also obtain a copy of Monoyer's test letters (a card of Dr. Den- ^1 nett*s modification of Monoyer's test type may be procured of Meyrowitz Bros., opticians, 295 and 297 Fouith Ave.. New York City), to be hung up at 5 meters distance, and a copy of Green's astigmatic lines, in tlie form of a clock face, to be luing up at the same distance. Test:— Seat the subject at a distance of tive meters from tlie test cards, which should be hung in a good light. Examine encli eye separately, keeping the other covered by a card or small hook held in front of, but not touching it. Never press the fingers against the closed lid. There are ten lines of letters on the test cai'd, numbered from .1, .2, .3, etc.. up to ten lOths or 1. If now the subject can read the top line, the smallest letters on the card, with the right eye (R.E.) alone, his vision (V.) is recorded as ten lOthsor 1. (V.K.E. =:1.) If he sees nothing clearly above the fifth line from the l»ot- tom, but can read that correctly, then V.R.E.=:.5. If he cannot read any of the lines, then V.R.E.:=0, (^. e. less than one-lOth). Whatever the vision without glasses may prove to be, always next put on the convex spectacles and again cover the other eye. If now he can still with the right eye see as well or l)etLer than with no glasses at all, and can read the same line as before, he is Hypermetropic (H.) in that eye. For example, if without glasses it was found that V.R E.^.5, and now alter adding the convex glass his V. is improved to .8, the record would be V.R.E.:=.5, -j-H.:::=.8. But if the vision is neither improved nor made worse by the convex glass, tlie record will be thus : V.R.E.=:.5,-j-H.=: .5. If the convex glass can be used at all without decreasing the vision, no further testing with this card is needed; the subject is hypermetropic in that eye. If it is found that the vision of the right eye equals 1. without glasses, and then the addition of the convex glasses blurs the let- ters, the eye is Emmetropic, that is, the vision is normal (V.R.PL =1.). If, however, the vision without glasses is less than 1 ., for iiistance only .3, and the convex glasses make even that line more indis- tinct, then put on the concave glasses. If now the vision is improved so that a higher line can be read, for instance the eighth from the bottom, the eye is Myopic, or " near sighted," and the record will be V.R.E.^.3,-|-Myr=.8. Or again, if the vision without glasses in the left eye is found to be .7 and then with tlie 4 22 concave glass the top liue can be read, the record v,\\\ stand thus : V.R.E.rr:.7,-|-My.=:l. After testing each eye separately, place the record of one above the other, for example thus : ( V.R.E. = 1. |V.L.E.=.6,-1-My.=.9. This completes the testing for simple hypermetropia, myopia and emmetropia. After testing the eyes as above, if the vision has not yet been made perfect in either, leave on the proper correcting glass, the convex if there is hypermetropia, or the concave if there is myopia, or use no glass if there is neither ; then direct the subject's attention with that eye tilone, the other l)eing covered, to the card of "radi- ating black lines. If he sees one or more of the lines running in any direction clearer or blacker than those at right angles to them, he is shown to be astigmatic. Either the perpendicular or the horizontal lines usually appear the blacker to the astigmatic per- son. If the previous record was V.R.E. = .7 and this defect is found, then it will be V.R.E.=i:.7,-f-As. Or if before it read : V. L.E.^.3,-j-My. = .6. and astigmatism is found, it will read. V.L E.r=.3,-|-My.=r:.6,-j-As. Astigmatism may exist either alone or in combination with My. or H. If alone we might have a record thus : V.R.E.=r.6,-|-As. ; V.L.E. = .4,-|-As.. or il'with hypermetro- piathus:V.K.E.— -.7,+H. = 7,-f-As. ; V.L.E.=:.6,+H. = .8,+As. To recapitulate, in brief ; if it is found that V.R.E.:rrl, then the R.E. is either Emmetropic or Hypermetropic. If emmetropic, the convex glass will markedly impair the vision : if hymermetropic it will not. It the V.R.E. = .9 or less, then the R.E. is either hypermetropic, myopic, astigmatic or ambl3opic. 1st. If it is H. the the convex glass will not greatly impair the vision. 2nd. If it is My. the concave glass will improve V. 3rd. If it is As. one of the radiating lines is blackest. ith. If neither of these defects exists and the V. is less than .7 then Amblyopia or partial blindness may be recorded. It may read thus : V.L.E.rr:.6,-f-Ara. Caution. — Always try the convex glass. Never try the concave unless the convex glass blurs the vision. In the foUoveing cases the subject should be recommended to consult an oculist concerning the advisability of wearing glasses : If the vision without any glasses is less than .4 in either or both 23 eyes ; if he complains of weak, watery or painful eyes, especially in reading, and any degree of hypermetropia or astigmatism is found to exist. Directions for Testing the Colok Sense. A I'eliable set of test worsteds of different colors may be pro- cured for $1.2.5 of N. D. Whitney, 129 Tremont St.. l^>oston. Among these will be found three large test skeins colored light green, purple (pink or rose), and bright red. To make the exam- ination, spread all the worsteds out on a white cloth placed upon a table. First lay the green test skein a little to one side of the others, and then tell the subject to throw out of the pile and lay along side of the test skein all the lighter and darker shades of that color, or all the skeins containing a shade of that color in any degree. Avoid naming the color ''green" to him. If he throws out only shades of green or light blue his color sense is normal (C.S.N.) and the test is completed. But if in addition he throws out light grays, or any other shade of gray, or light yel- lows, salmons, or pinks, he is color-blind. It he handles or fum- bles over those shades a good deal and hesitates, as if in doubt about them, but yet does not throw them out, he probably has "■feeble color sense" (C.-'^F.). The examiner in these cases must use his judgment in making a certain amount of allowance for the stupidity of some persons in understanding what is wanted, especiall}' in the young and uneducated. If the subject is found to be color-blind, next lay down the purple or rose-colored test-«kein, in place of the green, in order to determine the nature of the defect. Now tell him to throw out all the different shades of that color. If he only throws out pinks and light reds and shades approaching these he is only partly color-blind. (P.C.B.) But if he throws out decidedly bluish purples, blues, violets, greens, or grays, he is completely color- blind. (C.C.B. I Completely red blind if he throws out the blues, violets, etc., or green blind if the grnys or greens. No further testing is need, d, but as a matter of curiosity and to prove the result, the I'ed test skein may next be tried in the same way. If he matches with it bi'owns or greens and graj's he is com- pletely color-blind. Dark brown or green if red blind, and light brown or areeu if oreen blind. 24 li is not ivnpoitHut to record vvliethei' the complete color-blind- ness is red or green blindness. The following classes may be recorded : — Color sense normulrrzCS.N. ; Color sense feeble=3 C.S.F. ; Partial color-blindnessz^P.C.B. ; Complete color-blind- ness^C.C.B. ^ Color-blind individuals should be warned against engaging in any occupation where tiiis defect would prove dangerous or incon- venient. Directions fok Testing the Condition of the Ears. Use an ordinary watch and a tuning fork, letter A. or C, as tests. Seat the snbject with his right side toward you, and then while the room is perfectly quiet, see how far off he can hear the watch tick. Having previously learned by a few experiments what is the furthest distance at which the tick can be heard by normal ears, make that number of inches the deiiominator of a fraction, and the hearing distance of each person examined there- after the numerator. Having found the normal distance (=:H.D.) to be, for instance, about sixt}' inches, and that of the subject now examined to be, say forty inches, his record for the right ear would then be: H.D.R.K.=|i]. If it had been |g or 1, the ear would be normal. 60 would show an abnormally acute sense of hear- ing. If the watch could only be heard while in contact with his ear, it would be recorded: H.D.R.E.^^,. If qot heard at all, then H.D.R.K.rr:"),. Next test the left ear in the same way. Voice sounds in talking will often be easily heard by persons quite deaf to the watch tick, so the latter is not always a reliable practical test. Suppose we have found H.D.R.E — |g, H.D.L.E.=1, this im- plies some deafness in the right ear, and the tuning fork will now help us to decide whether the cause lies in some defect of ■ the auditory nerve or internal ear, or in the external or middle ear or Eustachian tube. Strike the fork against some solid substance, and then place the end of the handle against or between the sub- ject's front teeth. If both ears are normal he will probably seem to hear the ringing of the fork equally well in both ears. But if there is a defect in one ear he will either seem to hear it louder or more feebly in the affected ear. If, as in the case we are examin- ing, the fork is heard best in the deaf ear, this tells us that the deafness is due to some defect in the more external parts of the 25 orgau, and it cau probably be corrected by appropriate treatment. Bat if it is lieard best in tlie good ear, it goes to prove tliat tlie defect in tlie other ear is nKjre deeply seated and cannot probably be greatly benefited by treatment. This eit'ect of the tuning fork is contrary to what would ordinarily be expected, and it is often a matter of surprise to a deaf person to find that he hears with his teeth apparently better on the deaf side. We may now add to our reccord in this case : T.F. best R.E. If it had been heard equally well in both ears we would record : T.F.=N. (or normal). Where the defect in hearing is at al^ marked a specialist in ear diseases should be consulted. Our record in a normal case might be thus: H.D.R.E.^rl, H.D.L.E.=r:l.,T.F.z=N. ; or in an abnormal case it might be thns : H.D.R.E. = 1., lI.D.L.E.=(?o: T.F. best in R.E. This would im- ply that the subject was ' so deaf in the left ear as not to be able to hear the watch tick at all, and the fork held between the teeth could be heard best in the good ear, consequently his trouble is probably seated in the deeper structures of the ear, or in the nerve itself, and treatment would not be expected to help him greatly. The tuning fork need not be tried unless the watch tick shows some defect in hearing. To Examine the Lungs and Heart. Procure a Camman's Binaural Stethoscope. Before the subject tries any of the strength tests, let him be seated, and while the breathing and circulation are easy apply the stethoscope to various parts of the chest. The faint respiratory murmur heard every- where will soon become familiar, and any unusual sounds should be noted as abnormalities. These may be crackling, bubbling or whistling sounds of varying intensity. Or the respiratory mur- mur may be abnormally loud or entirely absent. Note whether these sounds change or disappear with deep breathing after violent exercise. Next listen to the heart sounds. Place the stethoscope over the apex of the heart, one inch below and to the right of the left nip- ple. Both sounds should be heard most distinctly here. Then place the instrument two inches above this spot and listen. Then place it two inches below the centre of the top of the sternum, or breast bone, and listen in this vicinity. Any abnormal heart sounds are apt to be heard most distinctly at one of these points. 26 In organic heart diseases rough grazing or blowing sounds are heard with one or both of the normal heart sounds. Take no notice of an arterial murmer heard loudest under the outer half of each collar bone, which often closely resembles an abnormal heart murmur, esiDccially after violent exercise. If all the heart sounds are natural, then let the subject take the arm tests of pulling up or dipping, and immediately after let him be seated again, and then listen to see if the heart and lung sounds are still natural, though intensified by the exertion just made. Also note any irregularity in the rhythm of the heart sounds or any intermission in the beat or great increase of rapidity. There may be such, as functional disturbances, without any or- ganic disease. When the breathing and heart sounds seem abnor- mal advise consulting a physician. The ESSENTIAL APPAKATus for securing these statistics, and their approximate cost are : Fairbanks's scales, $18.00 Measure for heights, 9.00 " ■•'■ breadths, 4.00 Back and Leg Dynamometer, 30.00 Hand Dynamometer, 15.00 Lung Dynamometer, 15.00 Lung Spirometer, 17.00 Tapes, 1.00 ALSO A Record book, $8.00 A Stethoscope, 3.(i0 Set of colored worsteds, 1.25 Cards for Eye Tests, 1.00 Two Pairs of Spectacles, 3.00 Tuning Fork, .35 ERRATA AND ADDENDA. Page 10 should follow page 7 ; page 11 should follow page 8 ; and page 12 should follow page 9. The "Anthropometric Measurements" are not an exact tran- script of the anthropometric committee of the A. A. P. Educa- tion, but are intended to meet the slight modifications of that re- port as they are practiced at Amherst. I.IDI-IMI-IT Ur U(JN«jKt:£>& 029 726 881 8