JLIBUARY OF CONGRESS.? 
 
 I UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.^ 
 

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GUIDE TO BOSTON 
 
 AND VICINITY, 
 
 MAPS AND ENGRAVINGS. 
 
 By DAVID PULSIFER. 
 
 ^" BOSTON: 
 A. tv"ii:jLia.]ves & coM:i>^i«rY. 
 
 18 66. 
 
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 Kilt* led, nccordinfi tn Act of Congress, in the 3 ear 18ti6, by 
 
 DAVID PULSIFER. 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the Dutiict Court of the District of MaBsachusett*. 
 
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 Stereotyped by C. J. Peters & Son, 
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PREFACE. 
 
 In submitting to the public a new edition 
 of the Guide to Boston, it is proper to state, 
 that free use has been made of material in 
 Mr. R. L. Midgley's valuable work (the copy- 
 right of which has been purchased) ; that 
 portions of this material have been entirely 
 remodeled, and large additions have been 
 made from the most authentic sources. 
 
 To many friends who have kindly assisted 
 in furnishing information and illustrations for 
 this work, the undersigned tenders his grate- 
 ful acknowledgments. 
 
 D. P. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER 1. 
 Ancient Boston 1 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Faneuil Hall. — Faneuil-Hall Market. — Custom House.— 
 Exchange. — Old State House 7 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 Old South Church. — Birthplace of Franklin. — City Hall. 
 — Court House. — Stone Chapel. — Cejjetery 21 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 The Boston Museum. — Historical Society 36 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 Boston Athen.kum. — club Houses 40 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 Trejiont Temple. — MioioN AON. — P.iRK Street Church. — The 
 Granary Cemetery. — Music Hall— United-States Court 
 House. — Masonic Temple 48 
 
 CHAPTKR VII. 
 The State House. — Hancock House.— Boston Water- Works 63 
 
VI CONTEXTS. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 Boston Common. — Old Elm. — Frog Pond 72 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 Public Garden. — Providence L)iiPi>r. — Public Library ... 85 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 Worcester Depot and Road. — Old-Colonv and Fall-River 
 Depot and Road DO 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 Boston Theatre. — JIelodeon 98 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 Mercantile Library Association. — Lowell Institute. — Op- 
 era House. — Bra rTLE-siTHEET Church.— Bowdoin Square 103 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 Lowell Depot. — E.vstern Railroad Depot. — Fitihburu De- 
 pot. — Copp's Hill. — Maine Depot 110 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 Massachusetts Medical College. — Massachusetis Gen- 
 eral Hospit.\l. — Waurkn Museum ok Natural History. 
 — M'Lean Insane Asylu.m. — City j.\il. — Eye and Ear In- 
 firmary 117 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 Back Bay 127 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 Charles-River Basin and Soltm B\y 138 
 
OUXTENTS. Vll 
 
 CUAPTEK XVII. 
 The Ml'seum of the Boston Society of Natural History. 
 
 — TECHNOLOCilCAI. INSTITUTE 141 
 
 CHAPTER XVHI. 
 Education. — Newspapers 145 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 Young Men's Christian Association. — American Congrega- 
 tional Association. —The General Theological Library 149 
 
 H APTEK XX. 
 MouNT-VicKNON Church. — Mission.xry House. — Massachu- 
 setts Sahbath-.schooi, Society. — New-England Metho- 
 dist Depository.— Ameisican Tp.act Society. — Amlrican 
 'l^ACT Society, New-England Branch.— Massachusetts 
 Bible Society 154 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 Horticultural Building.— Great Organ . . , 166 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 New-England Historic-Genkalogical Society. — Sons of 
 Temperance.— Washingtonian Home —Home for Little 
 Wanderers 171 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII. 
 BoTsox Hotels. — Charities.— Fire Telegraph 180 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 Cambridge. — Old Fortifications. — Harvard Institute, 
 Gore Hall, Washington House, Riedesel House, Wash- 
 ington Elm. — Mount Auburn 197 
 
via (JOXTENTS. 
 
 CUAPTEli XXV. 
 
 Bunker Hill. --Monument. —Statue of Gkn. Warren. —Na- 
 vr Yard. — State Prison.— Harvard Monument 220 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 Woodlawn Cemetery. — Rock Tower. — Netiierwood Pond. 
 — Chelsea 234 
 
 CHAPTER XXVU. 
 Concord. — Lexington. — Dorchester Heights. — Perkins In- 
 stitution FOR THE BlIN-1^ • 239 
 
 CHAPTER XXVIII. 
 NAHANT 249 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 Boston Harbor. — Islands. — Farm School. — Alms-House.— 
 Fort Independence. — Fort Winthrop 260 
 
 CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 Blacestone Square. — Franklin Square. —Williams Mar- 
 ket. —Forest- Hills Cemetery 269 
 
 Addenda 286 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 ANCIENT BOSTON. 
 
 BOSTON was settled by Gov. Wintbrop and bis asso- 
 ciates, in 1630, and received its name in bonor of 
 tbe Rev. John Cotton, who emigrated from Boston, in 
 Lincohishire, England. Its original Indian name was 
 Shawmut. 
 
 This little book is intended to be a guide to tbe princi- 
 pal objects of interest in the City of Notions ; therefore 
 we shall not enter into any details respecting the rise 
 and ]>rogress of Boston. If you know nothing of that. 
 
2 DOSTUN AND VICINITY. 
 
 but are desirous of such information, procure Drake's 
 History, published at number 13 Broinfield-street, and in 
 it you will fin.l all you require. 
 
 We will, then, suppose you have arrived in Boston, and 
 that, having located yourself at one of its miiny spacious 
 hotels, you have commenced your tour of the city. It is 
 always well to have sonic defined point to start irom, and 
 therefore we will select Dock-square :ts the scene of our 
 first exploration. 
 
 Dock-square. — It is not a square, now, in tlie literal 
 acceptation of the word, though possibly " once upon a 
 time " it was. Very long ago grass might have grown 
 there, and trees flourished, and birds sung, and no dock 
 ever have been dreamed of. Only a prowling Indian, 
 in search of a squaw or a scalp, might have been seen in 
 the vicinity, and all excitement have been confined to a 
 palaver around the council-fire. But a truce to the past ; 
 it is Dock-square, and nothing else, now. 
 
 In lieu of groves or glades, we have a busy, open 
 space, with labyrinthine thoroughfares leading into and out 
 of it. Bustling, anxious-faced men are to be seen there 
 at all hours of the day, rushing hither and thither, intent 
 on dollars and dimes. House and hotel keepers pay 
 flying visits to the market close by; visitors from all parts 
 of the States look curiously at the " Cradle of Liberty ; " 
 omnibuses rush along, distracting perilled pedestrians ; 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. 3 
 
 market-carts, laden with country produce, stand sur- 
 rounded by dealers, and everything is full of lilb and 
 animation. Looking calmly down upon and over- 
 shadowing this .scene i,f connnen-ial activity, is a huge 
 Structure, Faneuil Hall, of which we shall presently speak. 
 At present, let us direct our glance to a specimen of ai'jhi- 
 tecture of the early days of Boston. The okl bulkllug 
 here represented stood on the corner of North and Market 
 
 Streets until 18G0. It was built in the year 1680, soon 
 after the great lire of 1679 ; but the giant Progress, in his 
 march of improvement, \vd< trodden down this ancient 
 dwelling Others, however, of equal or greater age, may 
 
* BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 still be seen. That at the corner of Dock Square and Fa- 
 neuil-hall Square, formerly occupied by George Murdock 
 and A. A. Wellington, is of the number. Here, on the 
 last day of May, 1813, the lamented Augustus C. Ludlow, 
 first lieutenant of the frigate Chesapeake, called and drew 
 a check for stores sent on board, remarking at the time to 
 a fellow-officer, as a reason for settling the account then, 
 " The Shannon is in the bay, and God knows where we 
 shall be to-morrow." This building, now over two hun- 
 dred yeai's old, may remain for years to come. 
 
 Dr, J. V. C. Smith, in his " Ancient and Modern 
 Boston," published in the Boston Almanac for 1853, says : 
 ' There are reminiscences connected with the growth of 
 IJustun that deserve to be kept in remembrance. For 
 example, where the Maine Station House, in Haymarket- 
 square, stanils, there was an open cunal but a few years 
 ago, and the line of the track is over the course of it to 
 tlie water. Where Causeway-street is, (here was formerly 
 a wall from Lowell-street, running north-easterly to rear 
 of Charlestown old bridge, called the Causeway, making a 
 jiond of many acres, between Prince and Pitts streets. 
 Many aged persons are in the habit of calling all that 
 region between Merriraac and Prince streets, to this day, 
 the Mill Pond. A remnant of the last tide-mill is still 
 believed to exist on the east side of Charlestown-street, in 
 the form of a stable. All of that large tract of land 
 
BOSTOX ANP VICINITY. 5 
 
 known technically as the South Cove was actually a body 
 of water, covering an area of seventy-two acres, within 
 the recollection of those not fur removed from childhood. 
 The Neck may truly be said to be nearly all artificial. 
 Where the wide street runs to Roxbury, was a mere 
 ridge, scarcely removed from the reach of high tides, at the 
 period of the Revolution. By building the Boston and 
 Roxbury Mill-dam, the whole of the back bay, between 
 Washington-street and the wall, was reclaimed from 
 Charles river and the ocean. 
 
 " Whole streets have been detached from the domain of 
 Neptune, as India, Broad, Commercial, Brighton, nearly 
 the whole of Charles, Fayette, and several more that are 
 now at considerable distance from the water. At East 
 Boston very large additions to the territory have been 
 made within a few years. AH the wharves, by which 
 Boston is nearly surrounded, are certainly artificial works, 
 of immense cost, but esteemed excellent and productive 
 property. It is not irapiobable that men are now living 
 who remember to have seen the bowsprit of vessels pro- 
 jecting into Liberty-square." 
 
 Bostun is styled the Athens of America. It 5>hould 
 have been the State. In Boston the princely merL-hant's 
 warehouse presents the appearance of a palace, massive 
 iin I <frand. His counting-room is a picture of opulence, 
 spacious and beautiful ; his ware-rooms are crowded with 
 1* 
 
n I50ST0X AXn VICINITY. 
 
 the products of inuimfacture. Massive buildings of 
 granite, all presenting the neatest and brightest appear- 
 ance, everywhere meet the eje. Along the wharves 
 iimnense ranges of warehouses extend the whole length, 
 at which the finest ships are discharging their foreign 
 cargoes. Again, encircling her " Common," rise in beau- 
 teous outlines spacious mansions, having the appearance 
 of palaces, and presenting a scene of quiet beauty, 
 unsurpassed by anything in the world ; they are the 
 lesidences of her merchant princes. The whole scene is 
 clothed in neatness, regularity, and good order ; there is a 
 characteristic quietness about it which the people of Mas- 
 sachusetts have made their own. Her public men are far- 
 seeing, discreet, :ind dignified; and when they move it is to 
 some purpose. Her merchants are cautious, systematic in 
 their business transactions, re.idy to advance in their 
 proper time, and distinguished from that recklessness 
 which marks the New Yorker. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 PANEUIL HALL. FANEUIL HALL MARKET. CUSTOM 
 
 HOUSE. — EXCHANGE. — OLD STATE HOUSE. 
 
 Faneuil Hall is ofteu by Bostonians and otliers 
 
 styled '•'•The Cradle of American Liberty." Not to Bos- 
 
 7 
 
8 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 ton alone, but to the entire country, does it seem to 
 belong ; for in the annals of America it holds a fore- 
 most and most honorable position. Within its walls 
 some of the tinest speeiniens of American eloquence that 
 have been heard from the days of Washington to those 
 of Webster were delivered. When despotism threatened 
 the colonies of George the Third, the first tones of defi- 
 ance were uttered in P'aneuil Hall. Liberty held there 
 her high court, and from thence issued decrees a thousand 
 times more potent than a king's proclamation or a czar's 
 ukase. What wonder, then, that from far and near come 
 admiring visitors to it, or that Boston should be proud of 
 its possession ? 
 
 Years ago there lived in Boston a merchant whose 
 name was Peter Faneuil. He it was who immortalized 
 his name by the gift of the building to the town of Bos- 
 ton, for a town hall and market place. It was the best 
 monument to his memory that he could possibly have 
 devised. Faneuil Hall is a large, many-windowed struc- 
 ture, of no particular order of architecture, surmounted 
 by a cupola. The great hall to whicli you ascend (for 
 the lower story is still a market and is divided into 
 stalls) is seventy-six feet square, and twenty-eight high ; 
 round three sides runs a gallery, and Doric pillars sup- 
 port the ceiling. At the west end are several paintings 
 
r.OSTON AX I) VICINITV. 
 
 9 
 
 — one of Peter Faneuil in full length ; another of "NVasli- 
 ingtou by Stuart ; llealey's picture of AVebster making 
 his celebrated speech in reply to Hayne. Portraits of 
 Abraham Lincoln and John A. AndrcAv have recently 
 been added. 
 
 Over the great hall is another, Avhere military equip- 
 ments ai"e kept ; and there are al.-^o various offices lor 
 civic fuiiclionaric-. 
 
 Leaving Faneuil Hall at its eastern end, and crossing 
 
 Merchants' Row, we arrive at the entrance of Faneuil 
 Hall Market. It is raised on a base of blue Quincy 
 
10 BOSTON AM) VK IXITY. 
 
 granite, with arched windows and doors communicating 
 Avith cellars. The length of the JMarkct is five hundred 
 and eighty-five feet nine inches, the widlli fifty feet, and 
 built entirely of granite. In the centre is a building 
 seventy-four and a half by fil'ty-five feet, with projecting 
 north and south fronts. At each end of the building are 
 ])orticos. Over the Market proper is a second story, in 
 the centre of which is a hall seventy feet by fifty, crowned 
 by a dome, and named Quincy Hall, after Josiah Quincy, 
 former mayor of the city, and is but a fitting monument 
 of his genius. This hall and F'aneuil Hall are united by 
 a bridge thrown across the street once in three years, and 
 in them the Massachusetts INIechanics' Charitable Associa- 
 tion holds its fair. 
 
 The principal entrances to the corridoi*. where the mar- 
 ket is held, nr<^ from the eastern and western porticos. 
 The corridor it-elf is eight liundrcd and twelve feet long 
 by twelve w!de. This space is div'ded into stalls, where 
 various articles of provisions are always on sale. There 
 are fourteen departments for mutton, lamb, veal, and 
 poultry ; two for poultry and venison ; nineteen for pork, 
 lamb, mutton, and poultry ; forty-five for beef; four for 
 butter and cheese ; nineteen for vegetables ; and twenty 
 for fish. Besides these, the visitor will, a,s he strolls from 
 stall to stall, perceive many varieties of creature comfort; 
 aad in oae place he will be charmed with the melody of 
 
UOSTON ANI) ViriNITV. 11 
 
 hiiils offered lor sjJe in cages, and liis olfactories may be 
 regaled by odors from countless bouquets. 
 
 Faneuil Hall Market was coniuieneed on the 20th of 
 August, 1824. Beneath the corner stone was deposited 
 a plate bearing the following inscription : — 
 
 " Faneuil Hall Market, established by the city of 
 Boston. This stone was laid April 27, Anno Domini 
 Mdcccxxv., in the forty-ninth year of American Inde- 
 pendence, and in the third of the incorporation of the 
 city. John Quincy Adams, Pi-esident of the United 
 States. Marcus JNIorton, Lt. Governor and Commander- 
 in-Chief of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The 
 population of the city estimated at 50,000; that of the 
 United States, 11,000,000." 
 
 The Market is situated between North and South Mar- 
 ket Streets, in each of which business of various kinds, to 
 immense amounts, is transacted. 
 
 Leaving the Market, a few steps through Commercial 
 Street bring us to the United States Custom House. 
 It is an im'io ing ed fice, stand'ng at the head of the dock 
 between Long and Central Wharves, at the foot of State 
 Street. It is in the form of a Greek cross, the opposite 
 sides and ends being alike. It is one hundred and forty 
 feet long, north and south, seventy-five feet wide at the 
 ends, and ninety-five feet t!n-ough the centre. It is sur- 
 mounted by a flat dome, which is ninety-five f-ct from 
 
12 
 
 BOSTOX AND VICINITT. 
 
 the floor, and is built in the pure Doric order of architec 
 lure. Each front has a portico of six fluted Doric col- 
 umns, thirty-two feet in height, and five feet four inches in 
 
 rliamr'tcr. nnd i-; npproachod by fourteen steps. Tlie col- 
 •.iiiiiis arc ill one piece of highly-wrought granite, and each 
 weighs forty-two tons. 
 
 The Custom House is built on three thousand piles, 
 driven in the most thorough manner. Immediately on the 
 top of these i)iles is a platform of granite, one foot six 
 inches thick, laid in hydraulic cement, and upon it the 
 foundation- of the walls were commenced. 
 
BOSTOX AXI) VKJINITY. 13 
 
 The roof of the building is covered with wrought gran- 
 ite tile, and the intersection of the cross is surmounted by 
 a dome terminating in a skyHght twenty-five feet in diam- 
 eter. The dome is also covered with granite tile. 
 
 The cellar, which is ten feet six inches high to the. 
 crown of the arches, is principally used for the storage of 
 goods, which are conveyed to it through the basement 
 stoi'y. 
 
 The principal ingress to the entrance story is through 
 the porticos. This story contains apartments and offices 
 for the assistant treasurer, the weighers and gaugers, the 
 measurers, inspectors, markei's, superintendent of build- 
 ing, &c. In the centre is a large Aestibule, from which 
 two broad flights of steps lead to the principal story, land- 
 ing in two smaller vestibules therein, lighted by skylights 
 in the roof; and these vestibules communicate with all the 
 apartments in this story. The several rooms are for the 
 collector, assistant collector, naval officer, surveyor, public 
 storekeeper, their deputies and clerks. The grand cross- 
 sliaped rotunda, for the general business of the collector's 
 department, in the centre of this story, is finished in the 
 Grecian Corinthian order. It is sixty-three feet in its 
 greatest length, fifty-nine feet wide, and sixty-two feet 
 liigh to the skylight. 
 
 The ceiling is supported by twelve columns of mar- 
 ble, three feet in diameter and twenty-nine feet in height, 
 •> 
 
14 
 
 liOSTOX AND VICIXITV. 
 
 w:th highly-wrought capitals ; the ceiUng is ornamented 
 in a neat and chaste manner, and the skylight is filled 
 ■with stained glass. 
 
 The building was commenced in 1837, and entirely 
 completed in 1840. It has cost about $1,076,000, includ- 
 ing the site, iuuuuatiuut, i^e. 
 
 Passing up State Street, we soon reach The Exchange. 
 It is a splendid building, fronting on State Street. The 
 corner stone was laid August 2, 1841 ; the building com- 
 pleted 1842, and cost, exclusive of land, S17<j,0()0. The 
 width on State Street is seventy-six feet, the height seventj' 
 
l'.(»sr()N AND VI( INITY. 
 
 15 
 
 feet, the depth two hundred and fifty feet, and it covers 
 thirteen thousand feet of land. 
 
 The front is of Quincy granite, and has six column?, 
 each forty-five feet in height, and weighing fifty-five tons. 
 The staircases are of iron and stone and the entire build- 
 ing is fire-proof. The front is occupied by banks, insur- 
 ance and other offices, and the rear is a hotel, while at ll.e 
 top is a telegraph station. Tiic^re are three entrances, 
 one on JState, one on Congress, and one on Liudall Stitet. 
 
 The Merchants' Exchange is up stairs, and is a 
 magnificent hall, e'ghty feet by fifty-eight feet, having its 
 
16 DOST6N AXlt VICIMTV. 
 
 ceiling supported l)v eiirhtcen imitation Sienna marble 
 columns, with Corinthian cai)ital.-. Tliere is a grand 
 dome overhead, filled with stained ghiss. Here news- 
 papers from all parts of the world are reeeived, read, and 
 filed. A superintendent, registrar, news collector, boat- 
 men, messengei's, &c., are attached to the room, and are 
 in attendance from seven o'clock in the morning until ten 
 at night. Vessels arriving are immediately registered, as 
 well as shipping news telegraphed from distant ports. 
 Clearances, invoices per i'aiho;vd, ships, &c., are all en- 
 tered, with the name of the consignee, on books kept for 
 the pur]ioso. Sales of stocks, cotton, &c., are also regis- 
 tered. ^Merchants, singly, are admitted to all the privi- 
 leges of the room for eight dollars a year; firms of two 
 persons, ten dollars, &c. These are called subscribers, 
 and have the privilege of introducing strangers, whose 
 names having been registered in a book kejit for that pur- 
 pose, are allowed to visit the room and read the pajiers 
 during their stay in the city. The board of brokers have 
 their rooms in the Exchange ; and other portions of it are 
 used for banking offices, brokers' offices, raih'oad offices, &c. 
 The architectural beauty of the building, and the chaste 
 but elaborate workmanship of its rotunda, are alone worth 
 a visit. 
 
 The centre of the basement story is occupied by the 
 Post Office, where there is a general dehvery, a box 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. 17 
 
 delivery, a ladies' delivery, and a newspaper deliver}-, 
 besides telegraph and bank offiees. 
 
 On Change are anxious men, during banking Iiours, as 
 ever met to buy stocks, sell shares, lend money, or nego- 
 tiate loans. From the stone steps of the Post Otfice to the 
 Old State House the crowd extends ; and e\'en a strange 
 eye may soon detect the shrewd curbstone broker, balancing 
 himself with a tilting motion at the edge of the pavement, 
 or the anxious borrower, as he eagerl}' claims friendship 
 with those whose acquaintance he will want to disown a 
 few moments later ; while in the centre a speckled cow, 
 fatted pig, or evergreen tree invites the attention of those 
 not othei'wise engaged ; while overlooking all, with a 
 grave and knowing look, stands the Old State House, 
 at the head of State Street, having one front on Washing- 
 ton Street. It retains to the present day many of the 
 architectural peculiarities of the period when it was built, 
 especially that pai't looking towards the harbor. On its 
 summit are signal staffs, where are displayed the flags of 
 different merchants when their ships are approaching the 
 city, and a modern clock decorates State Street end. 
 The lower stoiy is now converted into stores and lawyers' 
 and editors' offices ; and wdiere the General Court of the 
 Province of IMassachusetts used to be holden, gentlemen 
 are suited with legal measures^ or are measured for panta- 
 
18 
 
 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 loons — lawyers and tailors pursuing their several voca- 
 lions beneath the Old State House roof. 
 
 Fanning the old house with their continuous fluttering, 
 (but still depending on it for support,) float the beauteous 
 Hags of different daily papers ; and as they curl lazily up, 
 seem plainly to say, " We show the condition of the world 
 
 
 abroad and at home. Not a steamer arrives but we herald 
 the news." And then, as the folds roll out with an indig- 
 nant flap, they seem to flirt out that the last news from 
 Europe or Washington was not to their hking ; then they 
 stop, and leave us to search in the papers they severally 
 
UoSTOX AND ViriMIV. 1 i> 
 
 represent for particulars ; and it is no easy job to make a 
 selection ; for there is the Journal, Traveller, Transcript, 
 Advertiser, Post, Commercial Bulletin, Herald, and I 
 know not how many others, whose shadows do not fall 
 on the hundred-year-old windows of he Old State House. 
 
I 
 
CHAPTER ni. 
 
 OLD SOUTH CHURCH. HIRTHPLACE OF FRANKLIN. 
 
 CITY HAF.L. COURT HOUSE. STONE CHAPEL. 
 
 CE5IETERY. 
 
 The Old South Church stands on Washington 
 Street, not far i'lom the Old State House. So much his- 
 torical interest is attached to this time-honored building 
 that we must be pardoned if we are rather minute in our 
 notice of it, for which we are indebted to a sketch in 
 Gleason's Pictoral. 
 
 During the first of the seven years' war, a church of 
 this then town of Boston of ten thousand inhabitants, that 
 externally appeared much as it now does, internally pre- 
 sented a strange scene. The sanctuary was profanely 
 converted into a riding school for Burgoyne's cavalry. 
 The pulpit and the pews, all halloAved by devotion, had 
 been taken out to light the fires of our enemies, the library 
 of the good pastor being used for kindlings. Hundreds 
 of loads of dirt and gravel were carted into the church, 
 that it might better answer the strange use to which it was 
 put. A box was suspended four feet fi'om the floor, over 
 
22 BOSTON AND VI( IMTV. 
 
 whicli fierce horses, driven by iui.uus ridei's, kaped. The 
 galleries were occupied, not, as now, by those who freely 
 heard the word of God, but by spectators of the games 
 below, and by those who sold lifjuors and refreshments, not 
 having a reverence for the sanctuary, nor the fear of the 
 ]Maine Law before their eyes. The Old South Church, 
 a- every body knows, was the centre of this dissipation ; a 
 chinch that has been intimately connected with the history 
 of Boston from an early period. At the time alluded to, 
 3Ir. Blackstone's farm was converted into the town of 
 Boston, containing " about two thou.-and dwelling houses, 
 mo>tly of wood, with scarce any public buildings, but 
 eight or nine churches, the Old Slate House, and Faneuil 
 Hall." The Old South Church, like the First Church, 
 and the first Baptist, was organized in Charlestown by 
 seceders from the First Church, who were disaffected Avith 
 a call extended to Hvv. John Davenport. The first meet- 
 ing hon-e was erected on the sjiot where the present one 
 stands, coiner of Washington and Milk Streets. The site 
 was the gift of ]Mrs. Norton. Avidow of Tlov. John Norton, 
 who was ])astor of the Fii'st Church. The first house was 
 ei-ected soon after the chunTi was gathered, in 1GG9. It 
 was built of wood, with a s])ire and square pews. The 
 first pastor was Rev. Thomas Thatcher, an eminent divine, 
 a native of Salisbury, England. Besides being an emi- 
 nent theologian he was a physician, and published the first 
 
BOSTON AXU VICIXITY. 2'5 
 
 nit'Jk'al tract that cvtr was iss-ued in Massachusetts. His 
 successors were Willard, the eminent divine, Femberton, 
 the eloquent pulpit orator, Sewall, who was known as 
 '" good Dr. Sewall," w ho was pastor of the church lor fifty 
 years, and when his health failed, near the close of his 
 life, was carried into the jmlpit, and instructed the people 
 iioni Sabbath to Sabbath ; Prince, the able divine and 
 learned s-cholar, Cumiuing, Blair, liacon. Hunt, Eckley, 
 Huutinyton, the lirst sole pastor ; the devoted Wisner ; the 
 gifted and short-lived Stearns ; Blagdeu and Manning, 
 who now minister to this ancient church, — sixteen iu all. 
 The p)-esent Old South Church is a substantial structure 
 of brick, of a style of architecture that is chaste and be- 
 coming, though not uncommon. It stands as it has stood 
 lor more than a century — it having been erected in the 
 vear 1730. The last sermon was preached in the old 
 house March 2, 1729. The next day it was taken down, 
 when it was found to be so much decayed that it was 
 thought the congregation, the day before, had "a very 
 gracious preservation." A curious plan of the lower floor 
 of the present house is before us, under the head, " Pues 
 on ye lower flore in ye Metting House," evidently drawn 
 soon after the building was finished and the pews sold. 
 From this plan it appears that the house is eighty-eight 
 feet by sixty-one, and that it is substantially now as it was 
 at the beginning. Formerly there was a high elders' seat 
 
24 BO.STO.X AND VICINITY, 
 
 directly in front of the pulpit, and a deacons' scat nearly 
 as high. Several of the best pew.s in the house, accord- 
 ing to the custom of the time, were devoted to the accoui- 
 modation of tlie aged — a custom that has become ob.-o- 
 lete. In this plan the names of the pew holders arc 
 given, embracing some of the noblest names of the time, 
 such a-i Governor Belcher, Franklin, Bromiield, Brattle, 
 Winslow, Cotton, Eliot, <S:c. The ibllowing church record 
 will assist the reader in understanding the disposition of 
 the congregation in the new edifice. '' At a meeting of 
 the South Church, in their brick meeting house, August 5, 
 1730, Voted, That the deacons be desired to procure some 
 suitable person to take the oversight of the children and 
 servants in the galleries, and take cai-e that good order be 
 maintained in time of divine worship ; and that a suffi- 
 cient rewai*d be allowed for the encouragement of such a 
 person." 
 
 The Old South Church is a noble structure, situated 
 now in the very heart of the city, though, as its name indi- 
 cates, at the beginning at its southern extremity. It is sur- 
 mounted by one of the loftiest spires in the city. Its bell 
 is large and fine toned, and more eyes are upturned to its 
 clock daily, we venture to say, than to any other timekeeper 
 in New England. Indeed, it is to New England, as to the 
 hours, what Boston is as to business. The liouse is very 
 capacious, and, with its I wo galleries, will seat, perliaps. 
 
KOSION AN1> viciMav. 25 
 
 more than any other church in the city. The pulpit i- 
 very high for these times, and is overshadowed by a .-ound- 
 ing board that malies httle children fear for the head of 
 the minister This pulpit is the second in the ])re.-(Mit 
 liouse, the lir.-t one bein<x what \va^ styled a "tub" pulpit. 
 The pews, thoiiirh built not after the modern style, are all 
 the more comfortable ; and it would ^eem that the owners 
 never thought of the ihet that the land beneath them was 
 worth thuty dolUu's the srpiare foot. 
 
 C'onsidei'able interest clusters aroimd the Old South 
 Church, or "The Sanctuary of Freedom," as it has been 
 termed, from the patriotic assemblages that were gathered 
 within it' walls just previou- to (he outbreak of the revo- 
 lution. In this church Franklin worshipped and was bap- 
 tized. Here that prince of preachers, Whitefield, lifted 
 up his voice like a trumpet. In this temple " our enemies 
 in war and our friends in jeace " did that which for a mo- 
 ment saddens our interest. Within these walls the elec- 
 tion sermons have been delivered annually before " the 
 powers that be," and multitudes have been educated for 
 the church trium]iliant in heaven. To the Bostonian, the 
 very name of the " Old South " brings back childish recol- 
 lections and happy early associations. Before the city had 
 so groAvn as to extend almost oiit of tow7i, this was a sort 
 of landmark in the designating of distances ; any givci 
 locality M-as about so far from the " Old Smith," this or 
 3 
 
26 BOSTON ANi* VICINITV. 
 
 that side of the " Old South," &c. Indeed, the churcli is 
 not only a ?ort of landmark a> regards the bearing's in our 
 harbor, as tousidered by the pilots, but is al^o a point of 
 departure, so to speak, on the land itself There are few 
 notable localities in the city of notions better known than 
 is ihis venerable and revered jjile, and the site it occupi(>s 
 — a silent remembrancer of scenes and events associated 
 with all that is dear to Americans. 
 
 There is a library connected with this church, that was 
 bequeathed by Rev. Thomas Prince. It is a precious 
 roll(;ction, containing many standard works in church his- 
 tory, biblical literature, valuable pamphlets, and manu- 
 scripts. For nearly one hundred years this has been the 
 public libiary of that church, and accessible to any per- 
 son desirous of using it for literary purposes. 
 
 The Biuthplack of Franklin w^as where the block 
 of stores now stands that bear the inscription. On that 
 s])ot, under the very shadow of the Old South's tall spire, 
 the printer, the legislator, the philosopher, the inimorial 
 Fraukliu, was born, whose statue, the work of Richard 
 S. Greenough, may be seen in front of the City Hall in 
 School Street. 
 
 Passing from Washington to Ti-emont Street, through 
 School Street, the visitor will perceive on his right hand 
 the new City Hall, built of line white Concord granite. 
 Exclusive of the sub-eellar, l)asenient and attic stories, 
 
liUSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 it is three stories iu lieii^Iit. Its front is a hundi'ed 
 aud thirty-eight feet in length, with a projection extend- 
 
 ing fourteen and a half feet from the main line, and fifty- 
 one aud a half feet iu length. The building is ninety- 
 five feet deep in the wings, and a hundred and nine and 
 a half feet in the centre, and cost about $500,000. 
 
 The corner-stone was laid on the 22d of December, 
 1862, with Masonic ceremonies, conducted by the Grand 
 Lodge of Massachusetts, under the direction of the Most 
 Worshipful Grand Master, William D. Coolidge. 
 
•JJ^ BOSTON ANL» VICINITV. 
 
 lu the second story is the mayor and aldermen's room, 
 forty-five by forty-five feet, and twenty-five feet fonr 
 inches high, extending upward to the height of the third 
 story. 
 
 The common-council chamber is located iu the fourth 
 story, directly over the mayor and aldermen's room. It 
 is forty-five by forty-five feet square on the floor, and 
 twenty-seven feet in height to the ceiling, whic-h is octag- 
 onal. It has galleries on three sides, capable of seating 
 two hundred and fifty persons. Wifhin the columns 
 which support the galleries are iron piUars, sup[)orting 
 the immense weight of the dome, which is surmounted 
 by a balcony, from which rises a flag-staflf whose height 
 above the ground is two hundred feet. Four well-execut- 
 ed lions' heads look out fiercely from the corners of the 
 dome. 
 
 The upper stories of the building are reached by double 
 flights of staircases, surrounded by ample halls. The 
 staircases are of iron, Avith balusters of native oak ; and 
 are firm, spacious, and of eiisy ascent. The architects 
 have done themselves great cix-dit in giving to Boston one 
 public building with staircases worthy of the name. The 
 corridor leading from the School-street entrance to the 
 staircases is fifteen feet in width. In the wall back of 
 the first landing, and facing the vestibule, is a tablet of 
 exquisite workmanship, composed of veined Italian si- 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. 29 
 
 enna and white statuary marble, upon wliich is the fol- 
 lowing inscription : — 
 
 CITY HALT. 
 
 Corner Stone laid December 22, 1862, 
 
 J. M. WiGHTMAX, Mayor. 
 
 Dedicated September 17, 1865. 
 
 F. W. Lincoln, Mayor. 
 
 G. J. F. Bryant, and A. Gilman, Architects. 
 
 The new edifice presents a grand and imposing appear- 
 ance, even when viewed at the short distance from which 
 only it can be seen. As the visitor ascends its magnifi- 
 cent staircase, or looks from its windows upon the pro- 
 jecting cornices and beautiful columns, he is deeply 
 impressed with the majestic proportions and massive 
 ^' strength of the structure. European travellers, and per- 
 sons from other cities of the United States, unite in the 
 opinion that nowhere on this continent can a municipal 
 building be found of such elegance, and so well adapted 
 for its designed use. 
 
 The fence in front of the building corresponds well 
 with the dignified architecture of the edifice. 
 
 The peninsula, originally eight hundred acres in extent, 
 and now, by gradual encroachments on tidewater, about 
 fourteen hundred, was known at the early settlement, Avhen 
 William Blackstone was its only inhabitant, as Shawmut. 
 Subsequently, for a short period, it was called Tri- 
 
30 BOSTON AND VICINITV. 
 
 mountain. In 1630, Sept. 7, old style. 17, new, it re- 
 ceived from tlie General Court the name of Boston. It 
 comprises within its municipality South and East Boston, 
 and Lou;!, Thompson, Apple, Deer, and Gallop's Islands 
 in the harbor ; and its present area is computed at about 
 tliirty-one hundred acres. After many inelFectual efforts, 
 one as early as 1650, it was organized as a city. May 
 1, 1822. Its population in 1760 was 18,000; in 1782, 
 12,000; in 1790, 18,000; in 1800, 25,000; in 1810, 
 33,000 ; in 1820, 43.000 ; in 1860, about 190,000. Its 
 valuation, as assessed for city, state, and county taxes iu 
 1865, is $376,000,000. 
 
 Boston, Chelsea, North Chelsea, and Winthrop consti- 
 tute the County of Suffolk. 
 
 The city government, elected in December, consists of 
 the mayor and twelve aldermen, and a common council 
 of forty-eiglit members, four from each Avard. The 
 board of aldermen, who are also the board of health, 
 county commissioners, surveyors of highways, and possess 
 certain police powers, hold their regular meetings on Mon- 
 days, at four, P.M. ; the council, on Thursday evenings. 
 Much of their business is transacted through from forty 
 to fifty committees, joint or several, standing or special, 
 according to the distribution of powers or subjects re- 
 ferred. Meetings of some of the principal committees, 
 such as streets, paving, claims, and public l>uildings, arc 
 
BOSTON AXU VICINITY. 31 
 
 held at s ated times, for the greater convenience of the 
 public. The assessors, four chief, nine assistant, and sev- 
 eral per diem ; tlie water-board ; directors of public insti- 
 tutions at Deer Island and South Boston ; directors of 
 Mount-Hope Cemetery ; treasurer ; auditor ; physician ; 
 engineer ; registrar ; superintendents of health, lands, build- 
 ings, sewers, lamps ; the chief engineer of the fire depart- 
 ment, and his assistants ; and the harbor-master, — are 
 elected by both branches. The chief of police, deputy, 
 clerks, eight captains, sixteen lieutenants, sixteen ser- 
 geants, detectives, and three hundred and twelve patrol- 
 men, with superintendents of the tombs, trucks, carriages, 
 pawnbrokers, and the constables, sealers, inspectors, and 
 various other officers, are appointed by the mayor, and 
 approved by the aldermen. 
 
 Near the City Hall, and in its rear, is the CouRT 
 House. It stands in Court Square. There is not much 
 to attract attention within, it being merely plain and sub- 
 stantial. An entrance-hall traverses the entire length 
 of the building, communicating with the porticos and 
 side-doors. Stone staircases, branching off from this 
 corridor, lead to the various court-rooms. On die first 
 floor are the Justices' Courts, Court of Insolvency, and 
 the offices of the clerks of the different courts. 
 
 The Supreme Judicial Court for the Commonwealth 
 sits for the hearing of legal arguments on the first Wednes- 
 
32 BOSTON AND VKJINITY. 
 
 day of January. The Supreme Judicial Court lor the 
 county of Suifolk sits for jury trials, and matters to be 
 licard by a single judge, on the tirst Tuesday of April and 
 October; and. ibr the hearing ot mutters in equity, the 
 court is practically open every day at (chambers when a 
 judge is present; the Superior Couit on the tirst Tues- 
 day of January, April, July, and October ; the Supe- 
 liur Court for the transaction of criminal business on the 
 first jNIonday in every month. The Municipal Court is 
 busied every day in the trial of criminal offenders, and 
 also sits every Saturday tor the transaction of civil busi- 
 ness. 
 
 The Social Law Library Room, on the second floor, 
 is a comfortable and well-lighted apartment, and con- 
 tains a good selection of juridical text-booLs, including 
 writers in general law, and the English and American 
 Reports. 
 
 In the basement are cells for the temporary accommo- 
 dation of prisoners; and at the side door opposite tiu! 
 the Raih-oad Exchange may be s(!en every morning, about 
 nine o'clock, the jail van discharging its load of prisoners 
 for examination. To one fond of seeing human nature in 
 all its phases, an hour in the Municipal Court any morn- 
 ing will not be thrown away. 
 
 Nearly opposite the City Hall is the Parker Housk, a 
 'pncious marble-front hotel, conducted tipon the Euro- 
 
BUSroN VM> Vl< INIIT. ...i 
 
 peau plau, — oue of" the most popular ret*taiiiant.s iu iii/.-- 
 toii. Not far f'i*om here, ou the corner of Trenioiit 
 and Beacon Streets, is the equally well-known Treniout 
 House. 
 
 Stone Chapel stands at the corner of School aiul 
 Tremont Streets. It was built in 1750, and is a phi in. 
 stibstantial structure. The corner stone was laid bv G<)\- 
 ernor Shirley. Tiie Cf.meteiiy adjoining (from tlic jui- 
 cious dust it holds) should be forever revered by naii\c 
 and stranger. Johnson, the " Father of Boston," as he 
 has been termed, according to his wish was buried here ; 
 and the people evinced their affection for him by ordering 
 their bodies to be biu-icd near him; and this was the origin 
 of the first l)Mrving-plnce in Boston. 
 
 The Lady Arabella, his wife, was the pride and love 
 of the colony ; and hi-torians tell us that though there 
 were several other women of distinction wlio encountered 
 the fatigues and dangers of those days with laudaljlc reso- 
 lution, the devotedness of this lady — lady in deed as well 
 as name — was conspicuous above all. 
 
 The sentiments of her lu^art to him are described in the 
 following language : " Whithersoever jour fatall destine 
 shall di-yve you, eytlier by the furious waves of the great 
 ocean, or by the many-folde and horrible dangers of the 
 lande, I wyl surely not leave your company. There cau 
 
34 UOSTON AXl) VICINITV. 
 
 no peryll channce to me so terrible, nor any kinde of 
 death so oruell, that shall not be mueh ea-ier for me to 
 abyde than to live so farre separate from you." 
 
 She eame to the wilderness, illumined it l>y her love, 
 lier piety, her charities and faith, and died in the then 
 mere village of Salem. Not one of those who had known 
 lier but wept bitterly at the event. It was as if all the 
 flowers of the garden should hang their heads at the blast- 
 ing of the rose. May her memory distil sweets upon the 
 hearts of wives like her 
 
 ' And from her fair and unpolluted flesh 
 May violets sprin?;," forever. 
 
 Many are the good and great whose remains repose 
 here ; but no character of those days has comt^ down to us 
 with brighter memories than that of Governor John Wn>- 
 tnrop, wiioe remains also repose in the Chapel Burial 
 Ground, in the family tomb, on the north side. 
 
,f..,--~ll^g;i»;g,iSa 
 
 ^-'"*«"i,liii 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE BOSTON MLSKL'M. IIISTORICAI, ><)CIKTY. 
 
 On Trcnioiit .Street, between Court and Sehool Streets, 
 stands the Boston Muski;m, lion. Mosms Kimball pro- 
 prietor. It is a spacious buildini^, three stories high ; its 
 front adorned I)y balconies, and i"o\vs of glass globes, 
 "wliicli, at night, are illuminated by gas. 
 
 We reach the interior by a bold flight of stairs, at the 
 summit of which is the entrance to the Hall of Cabi- 
 NKTS, which is surrounded l)y a gallery, and whose ceil- 
 ing is supported by noble Corinthian |iill;ii's. Along the 
 gallery are arranged portraits of celebrated Americans. 
 On the floor of the hall are statuary and works of art, 
 and, arranged in glass eases, curiosities from all ])aits of 
 the known world. The galleries, reai-hed liy a grand 
 staircase, are filled with the rich and rare products of 
 many a clime. Ascending still higher, we find a collec- 
 tion of wax-figures, singly and in groups ; and surmount- 
 ing all is an ol)servatory, allbrding splendid views of the 
 city, the harbor and its islamls. 
 
 The MusKiM Thkatkk is very well managed. The 
 
li(>>TON \N1> \ l( IMIV 
 
 6/ 
 
 visitor there has uo rowdyism to fear, and nothing occurs 
 to offend the most fastidious. 
 
.'")8 BO.STON AND VIClNl'n. 
 
 The Museum buildiuir covers twenty thousand feet of" 
 land, and is crowded with every variety of birds, quad- 
 rupeds, (isli. rei)tiles, insects, shells, minerals, fossils, &c. 
 Then there is the Fekjick Mkumaio, alluded lo by Bar- 
 num in his Autobiography, together with more than one 
 thousand cf)stly ])ainlings, among which is Sully's great 
 picture of Washington crossing the Delaware, porti'aits 
 by Copley, West, Stuart, &c. In short, there are to be 
 seen nearly five hundred thousand rare or curious articles, 
 and all for iho marvellously small sum of thirty cents. 
 
 The rooms of the MAS-SACiiusinTs Historical So- 
 ciety are next to the Museum, iu a granite building on 
 Tremont Street. The library of the society contains 
 about sixteen thousand volumes, with maps, charts, and 
 seven himdred and nincly-one volumes of mauuscripis. 
 Among the treasures are mauusoripis of the historian 
 Hubbard, of the first Governor Wiuthrop, eleven volumes 
 of Governor Hutchin.--on, of Govcriior .Jonathan Tnnn- 
 hull, of Connecticut, twenty-three volumes, and the manu- 
 script of Washington's address to the officers of the 
 American army. There i.> al.-o a copy of Eliot's Indian 
 Bible. The portraits of per^ons, mostly >«'ew England 
 worthies, adorn the room ; two of special value are. 
 Rev. Increase Mather, and Sebastian Cabot. These rooms 
 contain many relics of the past : among these are Philip's 
 sutiip pan, an anicle of Indian antiepiity that perhaps 
 
BOSTON AM) VICINITY. 
 
 31) 
 
 may have been used by Mas?a?oit liiniself before it be- 
 came the })roperty of his youngest son, the renowned 
 sachem of Pokanoket : and here also is Captain Ciiiircli's 
 sword, witli which the chief was slain. The Carrer 
 sword, a worthy memento of a pilgrim, speaks louder 
 than words of the dangers our forefathers incurred be- 
 fore a city's smoke rose from the three hills of Shaw- 
 mut; and Wi7ishnr''s chair, that tradition says "was made 
 in London in l(il4, and brought over in the Mayflower 
 by Edwai'd AVinslow," now, after many years of hajxl 
 service, is treasured as a valuable heirloom. Also the 
 Dowse Library, containing 4,650 volumes of rare works, 
 richly bound. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 BOSTON ATIIKN.KCM. — Cl.VH HOUSES. 
 
 ^•3''// 
 
 The majniifioont ])uiltlinji for tlio use of the Boston 
 Athkn.ki M is sitiKitcd on licm-oii Street, near tlic Slate 
 House. It is of I'atieisoii freestone, and in tlie Pallad.an 
 40 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY, 41 
 
 Style of architecture. It is one hundred and fourteen feet 
 ni length, of irregular breadth, sixty feet in iieight, and 
 stands ten feet back from the street, tlie ground space in 
 ifont being surrounded by a balustrade with stone coping. 
 The main entrance opens into a panelled and decorated 
 rotunda, from wliich fine iron staircases conduct above. 
 
 The ScLLi'TiKE GALLiiKY is in the first story, and is 
 eiglity feet in length. Its entrance is immediately oppo- 
 site tlie front door. Here is to be found a line collection 
 of works of art in mai'ble, and casts in plaster. Among 
 them are the following in marble : Orpheus entering 
 the realms of Pluto in scuirch of Enrydice, by T. G. 
 Crawford ; Ilcbe and Ganymede, by the same sculptor ; 
 bust of Daniel Webster, l)y Powers ; bust of Allston, by 
 Clevenger ; group of cliihlren, l)y II, (ireenough, and the 
 celebrated Venus de Mediei. The collection is very rich 
 in casts from the antique statues in tlie Valieau. Among 
 them, the statues of Mercury, Minerva Polias, Meander, 
 Silenus with the infant Bacchus, Athlete, Barberini Fawn, 
 Fighting Gladiator, Dying Gladiator, and Discobolus, 
 Michael Augelo's Night and Morning, Thorwaldsen's Ve- 
 nus, the Laocoon, and Apollo Belvidere, are represented 
 by fine casts. 
 
 The Reading Room is on the right of the vestibule. 
 On the left is the library of the American Academy of 
 1* 
 
42 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 Arts antl Sciences, In the vestibule stands Ball Hughes's 
 statue of Bowditch, and a cast of Houdou's statue of 
 Washington in the State House of Virginia. 
 
 The LiBKAUY occupies the second story, which is divided 
 into three rooms, two in front, and one large hall (one hun- 
 dred and nine feet by ibrt}) in tlui rear. This hall is 
 beautifully finished in the Italian style. The shelving is 
 carried to the height of eighteen or twenty feet, and the 
 upper shelves are niaile accessible by means of a light 
 iron gallery reached by li\e spiral staircases. Besides 
 eighty-five thousand bound volumes, this library pos- 
 sesses fifty thousand or more of unbound pamphlets, and 
 between four and five hundred volumes of engravings. 
 It also contains part of the library of Washington, — in 
 all about four hundred and fifty bound volumes. The 
 library is hardly surpassed, either in size or in value, by 
 any other in the country ; and although strictly a private 
 institution for the especial benefit of its stockholders, — 
 it being an incorporated stock company with a capital 
 and property of more than half a million, — its regula- 
 tions are iVanied with the design that it shall answer the 
 higiiest purj)()ses of a public library. Strangers are free 
 to walk through the library, and can easily obtain ail- 
 mittancc as readers by the introduction of a proprietor. 
 
 PiCTUUE Galleky. — The third story contains three 
 rooms that are approj)riated to the exhibition of paint- 
 
BOSTON AND VICIMTV. 
 
 43 
 
 inj^s, and of ihe^e there is an admirable collection. A 
 numbered catalogue may be obtained at the door. Many 
 of the paintings belong to private individuals, and arc 
 liable to removal ; so we shall avoid mention of them, and 
 briefly touch on a few belonging to the AtheniEum. Here 
 are the original portraits of Washington and of Lady 
 Washington, by Stuart ; the Sortie of Gibraltar, by 
 Trumbull ; Judith, Avith the head of Holofcrnes ; Count 
 of Wiirtemberg lamenting his Child, by Ary Scha?ffer ; 
 St. Michael chaining Satan, after Guido ; Priam receiv- 
 ing the dead body of Hector, by Trumbull ; Feast of Bel- 
 shazzar, by AUston, and Allston's fine original heads of 
 Benjamin West, Isaac of York, and the Jew. In con- 
 clusion, we cannot help mentioning Dante and Beatrice, 
 by Ary SchoclFcr, and St. Peter's release from Prison, by 
 AUston. The gallery is well worthy of frequent visits, 
 and will doubtless do much to promote the progress of 
 
 art in Boston. 
 
 Admittauce thirty cents, the Sculpture Gallery in- 
 cluded. 
 
 Proceeding towards the State House, a few steps bring 
 us to the large house, corner of Beacon and Park Streets, 
 a mansion interesting from the fact that it was fitted up 
 when a club-house for the accommodation of General 
 Lafayette and his suite, when the illustrious friend of 
 Washington was the guest of the city. At the period 
 
u 
 
 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 ol" the Revolution, the almshouse stood upon this site, ox- 
 teuding on Beacon Street beyond the westerly boundary 
 of the Atliena3um estate. Next to it, on Park Street, was 
 the workhouse; tiieu came the town pound; on the site 
 of Park Street Cliurch stood the granary, whence the 
 name of t!ie adjacent burying-ground. In the enclosure 
 of tlie workhouse yard, we believe, the bodies of the 
 
 w ^ Ji:' X 4 
 
 mi 
 
 British soldiers killed at Bunker Hill were laid out, in the 
 order of their regiments and companies, previous to inter- 
 ment. 
 
 The old almshouse was pulled down in the year 1^00 ; 
 
IHJSTON AM) VlCINirY. 4.J 
 
 uu(l, ill the early part of tlie cuutury, the large biiihiiug 
 shown iu the engraving was erected lor Thomas Aniory ; 
 and, when in the occupation of Governor Gore, the body 
 of FisilER Ames, nlio died July 4, 1808, was thence 
 taken to the place of interment. 
 
 Tlie northerly part of the edifice was jn-epared for the 
 reception of General Lafayette in 1<'S24, and afterwards 
 used as a club-house. The southerly portion is now tiie 
 residence of George Tickuor, well known to the public 
 by his literary tastes and productions. 
 
 The Uxiox Cluij-IIouse, one part of the front of 
 which is seen iu the picture, adjoining the residence of 
 Mr. TIckn<M-, was formerly the residence of Hon. Abbott 
 Jvawrence, the eminent New-England manufacturer, who 
 was minister to England under the admiuistration of 
 President Taylor. The Union Club was organized iu 
 18G3 for the purpose of promoting patriotic sentiment iu 
 tlie social circles of liostou and its vicinity. Its earlier 
 meetings were presided over by the venerable Josiah 
 Quincy ; and Hon. Edward Everett was the tirst presi- 
 dent of the club, being succeeded, on his death iu I8G0, 
 by llun. Charles G. Loring. In the spring of 18G3, the 
 mansion of Mr. Lawrence was purchased, remodelled, 
 and furnished for the club-house at an expense of about 
 $100, QUO. The apartments exceed iu convenience and 
 elegance those of any other of tlie club-houses of the city, 
 
46 BOSTON AXi> vi(;iNnv. 
 
 iiiid will compare with those of the renowned clubs of 
 London. They include a library and a restaurant. The 
 members of this club embrace the most eminent names 
 in the political, literary, and business circles of Massa- 
 chusetts ; and its influence has been constantly and power- 
 fully exerted in aid of the Government during the civil 
 war, and in hospitality to the most distinguished friends 
 of the Union from all parts of this country and from 
 H broad. 
 
 The social clubs of the city are strictly private in their 
 character, and are ail of them of comparati\ely recent 
 date. The Quariintiuo Club, of forty members, existed 
 thirty or forty years ago, on Milk Street. About the 
 year 1840, the Tremont Circle was organized on Tremont 
 Row, and grew into the Somerset Club, now consisting 
 of nearly two hundred members, o<i(fupying the building 
 at the corner of Beacon and Somerset Streets. Several 
 of the members of the old Quarantine Club assisted to 
 form the Temple Club, formerly located on Temple Ave- 
 nue, and which now, consisting of about two hundred 
 members, occupies a handsome edifice erected for the 
 purpose on Vv'cst Street. Another Tremont Club suc- 
 ceeded that on Tremont Row. At the beginning of the 
 late civil war, the Union Club was organized, and is flour- 
 ishing, with several hundred members ; and there has 
 been more recently formed another on Brorafield Street, 
 
BOSTOX AND VICINITY. 47 
 
 called the Constitutional ; both of the last mentioned pro- 
 fess to be slightly political as well as social in their na- 
 ture. 
 
 The Masonic and Odd Fellows' Lodges, and many 
 other similar associations, are believed to combine with 
 their other objvicts the social element. 
 
ciiaptp:r VI. 
 
 TREMONT TEMPLE. MEU)N\ON. PARK STREET CIllUCII. 
 
 GRANARY CEMETERY. NEW MUSIC HALL. UNITEI.- 
 
 STATES COURT-HOUSE. MASONIC TEMPLE. 
 
 This spncious edifice gtand-; oppo-ite the Tremont 
 House, Tremont Street. Of a rich and warm brown tint, 
 produced by a coating of mastic, it presents a pecnh'arly 
 
l)O.STON AND VICINITY. 49 
 
 substantial and elegant frontage. It is seventy-fivo feet in 
 height, and, witli the exception of ten feet by sixty-eight, 
 which is left open on tlie north side for light, the building 
 covers an area of thirteen tliousand feet. 
 
 Passing ihrougli the great central doorway, we find our- 
 selves in the spacious entrance hall. On the first floor we 
 observe on our right and left hand two ticket offices, and 
 a broad flight of stairs also on either hand, each of wliich 
 at their summit terminates in a landing, fi'om whence to 
 right and left diverge tu'o flights of similar staircases, one 
 landing you in the centre of the main hall, and the other 
 to the rear part and the gallery. 
 
 The Main Hall is a magnificent apartment. The 
 utter absence of gilding and coloring on its walls renders 
 it far more imposing and grand in appearance than if it 
 had been elaborately ornamented with auriferous and 
 chromatic sphmdors. It is one hundred and twenty-four 
 feet long, seventy-two feet wide, and fifty feet high. 
 Around the sides of it runs a gallery supported on trusses, 
 so that n6 pillars intervene between the spectators and the 
 platform, to obstruct the view. Tlie front of this gallery 
 is balustraded, and by this means a very neat and uniform 
 effect is secured. The side galleries project over the seats 
 below about seven feet. They are fitted with rows of 
 nicely-cushioned and comfortable seats, and are not so 
 high as to render the ascent to them wearisome in the 
 5 
 
;>0 . liOSTON AM> Vl< rNITY. 
 
 least degree. The front gallery, though it projects into 
 tlie luill only ten feet, extends back ikr enough to give it 
 more than three times ihat di'pth. 
 
 Directly opposite liiis gallei-y is tin* |)l;itform, with its 
 graeef'ully-panelled, semicircidar frcjiit. This plath)i'm, 
 covered with a neat oil clotii. communicates with the, side, 
 galleries hy a few ste[)s, for tiie conveni«M»ce of large 
 (jhoir.s. There are also several avenu(^s of communication 
 from the ])laiform to llu* apartments, dressing rooms, &c., 
 behind. whicJi are exceedingly convenient, and are far 
 superior to tiie places of exit and entiance from and to 
 anv other place of the kind tliat we hav(^ ever seen. 
 
 From the front of the platform the floor of the hall 
 gradually j'ises so as to afford every person in the hall a 
 i'ull and unob.-tructed view of the sp(;akers or vocalists, as 
 the case may be. The ^eats in the galleries rise in like 
 manner. The seats on the hall floor are admirably 
 arranged in a semicircular form from the front of the 
 l)latibrm, so that every face is directed towards the 
 s])eaker or sing<'r. They are each one numbered, have 
 iron ends, are capped with mahogany, and are completely 
 cushioned with a drab-colored materia!. Each slip is 
 capable of containing ten or twelve persons, with an aisle 
 at ( ach extremity, and open from end to end. 
 
 Tlu; side walls of tlie hall ai'e very beautifully orna- 
 mented in panel-, arched and tlecorated with circulai' 
 
I'.OSTOX AND Vlt'INITV. 51 
 
 oi-naiueiit-, which would be difficult properly to describe 
 without the aid of accompanying drawings; but as views 
 of the ititcrior of the Temple will soon be common enough, 
 the omission here will be of little consequence. As we 
 intimated, there is no fancy coloring; it is a decorated 
 and relieved surface of dead white, and the etfect, lighted 
 as it is from above by large panes of rough plate glass, is 
 beautifully chaste. The only color observable in the hall 
 is the pur[)le screen behind the diamond open work at the 
 back of the. platform, and which ft)rms a screen in front 
 of the organ. 
 
 The ceiling is very finely designed in squares, at the 
 intersections of Avhich are twenty-eight gas burners, with 
 strong reflectors, and a chandelier over the orchestra, 
 slu.'dding a mellow but ample light over the hall. By 
 this arrangement the air heated by innumerable jets of 
 gas is got rid of, and the lights themselves act as most 
 efficient ventilators. The eyes are likewise protected 
 I'rom glare ; and should an escape of gas take place, from 
 its levity it passes u]) through shafts to the outside, and 
 does not contaminate the atmosphere below. Undei- the 
 gallei-ies are common burners. There are for day illuni'- 
 nation twelve immense j)lates of glass, ten feet long by 
 four feet wide, placed in the ceiling, in the spring of the 
 arch, and open directly to the outer light, and by sixteen 
 smaller ones under the "-alleries. 
 
rr> 
 
 IJOS'IOX ANU VK'INITV 
 
 The whole of the flooring of the hull, in the galleries, 
 the body of it, and of the [jlatfonn, consists of two layers 
 of board-, with the interstices between them hlk'd by a 
 thick bed of mortar. The advantages of thi^ in an acous- 
 tical point of view must be obvious to all. Another ad- 
 vantage is, that the applause made by the audience in this 
 great hall does not disturb the })eople mIio may at the 
 .-ame time be holding a meeting in the other hall below — 
 a very important consideration. 
 
 There are eight flights of stairs leading from the floors 
 of the main hall, and four from the galleries, the aggre- 
 gate width of which is over fifty feet. 
 
 The Boston Young Men's Christian Association occupy 
 several beautiful rooms up one flight of stairs, which are 
 a<hnirably adai)ted for their present uses and occupants, 
 and are rented by the Association for twelve hundred dol- 
 lars ])(;r amunn, though it is estnnated that they are worth 
 at lea<t fit'te-en hundred dollars ; but the Temple is owned 
 by a chiu'ch who were very desirous that a religious asso- 
 ciation should occupy them. Tlie great organ, built by 
 the Messrs. Hook, is one of the finest instruments ever 
 constructed in this country. Its bellows is worked by 
 steam. 
 
 The Tiemont Temple, besides the great hall, contains a 
 lesser one, called The Mhionaon, the main entrance to 
 which is through the noi-fherly passage way. opposite the 
 
BOSTON AND VICINIXr. 53 
 
 (lu()i\-. of" the Tri'moiit House ; this ;ivenue is about seven 
 feet wide. The southerly passage way .-erves as an outlet 
 from this lesser tein[)h'. 
 
 Perhaps the reader, who may not have been initiated 
 into the mysteries of Greek literature, may thank us for 
 a detinition of this strang(;-looking word, " Meionaon." It 
 is so -called from two Greek words — melon, signifying 
 less, smaller, and naon, temple — Les>er TeJnple. It is 
 pronounced j\Ii-o-na-on. This lesser temple is situated 
 back from the street, and directly under the great hall. 
 It is seventy-two feet long by fifty-two fett wide, and 
 about twenty-five and a half feet high. Not so elaborately 
 adorned as its neighbor overhead, this hall is remarkably 
 chastely and beautifully fitted up, and within its walls the 
 religious society of Trcmont Street Baptist Church wor- 
 ship. Its walls are relieved by pilasters supporting arches. 
 The seats are similarly arranged to those in the hall above, 
 and are equally comfortable and commodious in all respects. 
 At one end is a platform, on which, on Sabbath days, stands 
 a beautiful little pulpit, of dark walnut, and cushioned with 
 crimson velvet. At the other extremity of the hall is a 
 gallery for a choir; back of it stands a neat little organ. 
 The place is beautifully adapted for sound, and competent 
 judges say fiom their own experience that it is a remarka- 
 bly easy place to si)eak in. From the hall to the outer 
 door the way is through a broad passage way covered with 
 5* 
 
54 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 ]Manilla matting let into the floor, so that little dirt can be 
 brought in from the street ; and as the doors swing on 
 noiseless hinges, no interruption from scuffling of feet or 
 slammings can ever occur. 
 
 The Cltola. — In making our way thil her we travel 
 o\ er the ceiling of the great hall, dropping our heads as 
 we pass beneath roof and rafter, to save our hat and skull, 
 and beholding beneath our feet a great network of gas- 
 j)iping connected with the burners of the hall under us. 
 In long rows are square ventilators, which discharge their 
 sti'cams of vitiated air on the outside. 
 
 The cupola forms a spacious observatory, glazed all 
 round, and fiom vvcrj window is obtained a charming 
 view, the whole forming one of the most superb pano- 
 ramas that we ever witnessed. From this elevated spot 
 may be seen the adjacent villages and towns, the iiarbor 
 and its islands, the city institutions, churches, liou-e--. and 
 shipping. In short, the whole city and vicinity lies ;i! our 
 feet. 
 
 Pauiv Street Church is situated at the corner of 
 Trcmont and Park Streets. The spire is remarkably 
 beautiful, and the interior very sjiacious and striking. 
 Cloe by lies Granary Ik rying Gi;oind — a spot hal- 
 lowed by the remains of many goofl, and brave, and beau- 
 tiful as such can be. Here a mouiunncnt has been laid 
 over the graves of Dr. Fnuiklin's parents. It is an obelisk 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. i)0 
 
 t went}' -five feet high, formed of seven blocks of Quincy 
 granite, each weighing about six tons ; and the name of 
 " Frankhn " can be easily read from the street. The 
 stranger often stops to gaze at the flowers blooming among 
 
 tiiose gra}' old tombstones, or to i-ead the time-worn inscrip- 
 tions of the mourned ones' virtues — virtues perhaps not 
 visible during life, but " known and read of all men " when 
 they have passed away. 
 
 Nearly across the street from here is 
 
 The Nkav Music Hall. — Until within the last few 
 years, although a musical peojde, the city Avas sadly in 
 
56 BO.>*TON ANU VKJINITY. 
 
 want of a littinpj place tor concerts, &e. ^'o\v, howevei", 
 we have a ]Music Hall of the first class, which we can 
 refer to Avith pr.de a.^ an ornament to oni' metropolis, and 
 an index of the laste and liberality of Boston. 
 
 There has been no atteni])t at display on the exterior 
 of the building, it being deemeil important to reserve, as 
 i'ar as practicable, for the interior ihe means contributed 
 iur the enterprise. 
 
 The hall is one hundred and thirty feet long, seventy- 
 eight feet wide, and sixty-five feet high, the proportion of 
 length to width being a.> five to three, and of length to 
 height as two to one. Two balconies extend round three 
 sides of the hall. 
 
 The ceiling, which is forty feet above the floor of the 
 upper balcony, is in general section flat, and connected 
 with the wall by a large cove, in which are seveiUeen 
 semicircular windows, that light the hall by day. A row 
 of gas jets, pi-ojecting from the edge of the cornice, just 
 below these windows, light the hall l)y night. 
 
 The floor is arranged with seats whi<'Ii will accommo- 
 date upwards of fiflecn hundred persons, and there is suffi- 
 cient room in the balconies for upwards of one thousand 
 more. 
 
 The orchestral platform is raised five feet abov*^ the 
 floor of the hall, and rises by a few steps to the organ. 
 Vrum f ach side of the orchestra to the floor of the lower 
 
nosroN AM) VI< IMTV. ;>< 
 
 balcony is a emeries of raised platlbrms for chonstcrs, or 
 for the audience, as uwiy he required. The whole on-he-- 
 tra will aceoiiiiiutdale ii|)w;u<ls of tour hinidred per.-oiis. 
 
 The whole has been consliueted with special reference 
 to the science of acou.^tics — a (•on>ideration of the utmost 
 importance in a building intended lor a music hall. The 
 architect, George Snell, Esq., has (nideavored to combine 
 in this structure the advantages which he has been able to 
 discover by a careful per.-onal examination of numerous 
 music halls in Europe and America. This is of es];ecial 
 importance, as thei-e has been placed here one oi' the 
 largest organs in the world. [See page 1 70.] 
 
 In the matter of ventilation, the architect iiad the 
 assistance of the large experience, in that department, 
 of Dr. Morrill Wyman, of Cambridge. Mr. Alpheus C. 
 Morse, a native of Boston (a partner of Mr. Snell), also 
 assisted in the arrangement of the decorations of the in- 
 terior. 
 
 The entrances are from Winter Street, Bumstead Place, 
 and Bromfield Stieet. Ample accommodations are afford- 
 ed for drawing rooms, alcoves, offices, &c. 
 
 The United-States Court House (formerly the Ma- 
 sonic Temple) is situated on the corner of Tremont 
 
08 
 
 Boston and viciNiTy. 
 
 Street and Ti-nijile Place : it is sixty ieet Avitk', and eighty 
 feet long, and fronts westwardly on Tremont Street. The 
 walls are fifty-two feet high, of stone, covered with a slated 
 roof, twenty-four feet high, containing sixteen windows to 
 liglit the attic story. Tlie gutters are of cast iron, and 
 im' waicr trunks are of coiJiJcr. The basement is of fine 
 
 hammered granite, twelve feet high, with a belt of the 
 same. The towers at the corners next Tremont Street 
 are sixteen feet square, sui-mounted with granite battle- 
 ments, and pinnacles rising ninety-five feet from the 
 •Trnaid. The door and window frames are of fine liam- 
 
BOSTON AM) VICrXTTT. i>-' 
 
 nicverl p;^rauit(\ and the main walls, from the basement to 
 the roof, ai'e of Quincy granite, disposed in courses, in 
 such a maniiei- as to present a finished appearance to tlie 
 eye. The blocks are triangular in shape, and there is 
 probably no other such building in Massachusetts. 
 
 This building was the property of the Grand Lodge 
 of Massachusetts, but has for some years been occupie<l 
 and known as the United-States Court House. 
 
 The Nkw ]Masokic Temple stands on tlie site of the 
 late Wintlirop House, at the corner of Tremont and 
 Boylston Streets, which was destroyed by fire April 5, 
 18G4. Freemasons' Ilall being a pait of the Win- 
 throp House, the Oi-and Lodge of ^Massachusetts lost 
 property, uninsured, worth from S80,000. to 8100,000. 
 AVith the many valuable articles in the masonic apart- 
 ments, were portraits of Henry Price, first Grand Mas- 
 ter, 1733 ; Major-Gen. .foseph Warren, Paul Revere, and 
 their successors in office, iiu-lnding Winslow Lewis, John 
 T. Heard, and AViliiam U. Coolidge, Esqrs. ; a full-lenglh 
 portrait of Gen. Washington, and portraits of distin- 
 guished members of the iraternity, with many inter- 
 esting documents and letters, among which were auto- 
 graph-letters of Gen. Washington, Benjamin Franklin, 
 and Marquis Lafayette. 
 
 Bidding an aflfectionate farewell to the ruins of the 
 Winthrop House and the old Freemasons' Hall, where 
 
CO 
 
 noSToN AM) Vl( IMTV 
 
 '■ every man in cvf rv i'aci' 
 Beheld a brotlu r and a friend," 
 
 we introduce tlio new INlasonic- Temple. Designs for the 
 facade of the new Masonic Temple, oi' ureat excellence 
 and beauty, were submitted by the principal architects 
 
 of Boston. That adopted Avas drawn by Mr. M. G. 
 "VVheelock, " The idea, or motif, of the design, in an 
 artistic sense, is to present such a combination of the 
 architectural forms characteristic of the mediaival ages 
 (which forms owe, if not their invention, at least their 
 development, to the combined labors of the travelling 
 
)'.OSr()\ AND Vl( IM'IV 
 
 CI 
 
 masons of tluit period) as naturally to sug:gest the most 
 effective poetical and Iiistorical associations connected 
 witli the masonic institution." The front, upon Tremont 
 .Street, is, in round numbers, ninety feet in width, and 
 eighty-six feet in height, to the coping, or gutter. The 
 elevation is divided into four stories : above these, in the 
 roof, a fifth stoi-y." A full description of the temple 
 may be found in "The Freemasons' JNIonthly Magazine" 
 ior September, 1864. The corner-stone was laid on Fri- 
 day, Oct. 14, 1864, by the Most Worshipful William 
 Parkman, Grand Master. Invitations were sent to the 
 lodges, and all other masonic bodies in the Common- 
 wealth ; and it is believed that there were present on that 
 occasion a larger assemblage of masons in regalia than 
 were ever before brought together on any public occasion 
 in Massachusetts. 
 
 MASONIC MEETINGS IN BOSTO.V. 
 
 St. John's Lodge 
 
 Moiuit Lebanon . 
 
 Ma'^sacliusetts . 
 
 (lermania 
 
 Revere .... 
 
 Aberdour 
 
 Joseph Warren 
 
 Eleusis 
 
 Columbian 
 
 St. Andrew's 
 
 Win«l()w Lewis 
 
 Mount Tabor, East Boston 
 
 r, 
 
 Ist ]\Ionday. 
 2d Monday. 
 3d Monday. 
 4th Monday. 
 1st Tuesday. 
 2d Tuesday. 
 4th Tuesday. 
 3d Wednesday. 
 1st Thursday. 
 2d Thursday. 
 2d Friday. 
 3d Thursday. 
 
^'r2 ixjsion am> \I(:imtv. 
 
 Baalbec, East Boston ... 1st Tuesday. 
 
 Hamniatt, Eaat Boston .... 4tli We'diiesday. 
 8t. Paul's, South Boston . . . 1st Tuesday. 
 
 (Jate of the Teuiple, Sou'h Boston . 4th Tues lay. 
 
 St. Andrew's Cha[)tcr . . . 1st Wednesday. 
 
 St. Paul's Chapter .... 3d Tuesday. 
 
 St. John's Chapter, East Boston . -llh jNIonday. 
 
 St. Matthew's Cha])ter, South Boston . "id Monday. 
 Council Royal and Seleet Masters . Last Thursday. 
 
 Boston Encampment . . . .3d Wednesday. 
 
 De jNIolay Encampment . . . . 4fch Wednesday 
 St. Bernard Encampment . . .1st Friday. 
 St. Omar Encampment, South Boston 1st Monday. 
 
 Grand l.,od;ze, 2(1 Wi-dnesday in December, March, June, 
 
 and Sej)tember; 27th December, annually. 
 Grand Chai)ter, Tui'sday preceilinj; (i. L. Meetings. 
 Grand Council, Tuesday preceding G. L. Meetings. 
 Grand Encampment of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, in 
 
 May and October. 
 Convention of High Priests, 3(1 Monday in September. 
 
 Ancient and Accepted Scottish Ili!e. 
 
 Boston Grand Lodge of Perfection, . 3d Friday. 
 
 Mount Olivet Chapter of Rose Croix, . 3d Friday. 
 
 Boston Council of Princes of Jerusalem. 3d Friday. 
 
 Boston Sovereign Consistory, . 3d Friday. 
 
 Supreme Council of Sovereign (irand Inspectors General 
 33° for the Northern Jurisdiction, annually on 3d Wednes- 
 day in May. 
 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory, appendant to the Supreme 
 Council, annually on 3d Wednesday in ^Lay. 
 
 Board ot Relief, first Tuesday in each month. 
 
 Tlie lueetiiigs in Boston proper are now held in Thorn- 
 dike Hall, Siinmu'r Street. 
 
THE 8TATK IIOUSK. — HANCOCK HOUSK. 
 WOKKS. 
 
 U-iSroN AVATKK- 
 
 JjOno before the stranger reaches Boston, he must have 
 seen, from the window of the railwny-iar, or the vessel'? 
 ileck, an imposing dome, crowning the summit of the 
 highest of the three hills on which the city is built. 
 On a nearer approach, he will perceive that this dome 
 surmounts a splendid and spacious edifice ; and this, he 
 will learn, is 
 
 The State House. — To this place it would be well 
 to pay an early visit, as from the window of the lofty 
 cupola he will be eiiablod to take such a bird's eye 
 or panoi'amic view of the city, as will enable hin>, by 
 fully comprehending its various localities, and their rela- 
 tions to each other, to render his future investigations all 
 the easier. In any cit^- such a proceeding would prove 
 advantageous, but especially is it so in Bi ston, where 
 
»')! BOSTON' ANI> VICINITY. 
 
 strangers, in consequence of the crooked streets, experience 
 more difficulty in ascertaining tlieir whereabouts than 
 periuips in any other hirge phice in the Union ; and here 
 we now ui'c. 
 
 It were scarcely possible to conceive a more appropriate 
 situation for such a building than the one occupied by the 
 State House. It is erected about tlie centre of the city, 
 on elevated ground, at the corner uf Beacon and Mount 
 A'ernon streets. The corner-stone was laid on the Fourth 
 of July, 1795, by Governor Samuel Adams, who made an 
 address on the occasion, in which " he trusted that within 
 its walls liberty and the rights of man would be forever 
 advocated and supported." In 1798 the building was 
 finished, and occupied by the Legislature. 
 
 When the corner-stone of the New State House was to 
 be laid, it was conveyed to the spot by fifteen white horses, 
 there being, at that time, but fifteen States in the Union. 
 Now they are more than doubled. 
 
 The height of the capitol, to the sunnnit of the dome, is 
 one hundred and ten feet; the frontage is one hundred 
 and seventy-three feet. " It consists externally of a base- 
 ment story twenty feet high, and a principal story thirty 
 feet high. This, in the centre of the front, is covered with 
 an attic sixty feet wide, and twenty feet high, which is 
 covered with a pediment. Inmieiliately above arises the 
 dome, fifty feet in diameter, and thirty in height; the 
 
U()5T<»N ANU VICINITY. Go 
 
 whole tonniiiating with an elegant circular lantern, which 
 supports a pine cone. The basement story is finished in a 
 plain style on the wings, with scjuare windows. The 
 centre is ninety-four feet in length, and formed of arches 
 which project fourteen feet, and make a covered walk 
 below, and support a colonnade of Corinthian columns of 
 the same extent above. 
 
 " The largest room is in the centre, and in the second 
 story (the large space below in the basement story is 
 directly under this) is the Representatives' Chamber, that 
 will accommodate five hundred niembers, and soujetinies 
 they have been more numerous. The Senate Chamber is 
 also in the second story, at the east end of the building, 
 and is sixty feet by fifty. At the west is a large 
 room for the meetings of the Governor and the Executive 
 Council, with a convenient ante-chaniber." 
 
 The view from the top of the State House is very 
 extensive and variegated ; perhaps nothing in the country 
 is superior to it. To the east appears the bay and harbor 
 of Boston, interspersed with beautiful islands; and in the 
 distance beyond tlu> wide-extended ocean. To the north 
 the eye is met by Charlestown, with its interesting and 
 memorable heights, and the Navy Yard of the United 
 States ; the towns of Chelsea, Maiden, and Medford, and 
 other villages, and the natural forests mingling in the 
 distant horizon. To the west is a fine view of the Charles 
 
6G BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 river and a bay, the ancient town of Cambridge, rendered 
 venerable for the university, now above two hundred 
 years old ; of the flourishing villages of dmbridgeport 
 and East Cambridge (in the latter of which is a large 
 glass manufacturing establishment) ; of the highly-culti- 
 vated towns of Brighton, Brookline, and Newton ; and to 
 ilie south is lloxburv, which seems to be only a continu- 
 ation of Bo>toii, and which is rapidly increasing ; Dur- 
 clicster, a fine, rich, agri.-ultural town, with Milton and 
 Quincy beyond, anl still fuither south the Blue Hills, at 
 the distance of eight or nine miles, which seem to bound 
 the prospect. The Common, stretching in front of the 
 capitol, with its numerous walks and flourishing trees, 
 where " the rich and the poor meet together," and the 
 humblest have the proud consciousness that they are free, 
 and, in some respects (if virtuous), on a level with the 
 le.irne 1 and the opulent, a(hJs greatly t.t the whole scene. 
 Large suras have recently been ex;)Oiideil in a<lditions 
 to the State House, both within and without. On the 
 lawns in front are two beautiful fountains. The desi<rn 
 
 c 
 
 of the enlargement was to obtain additional fire-proofroom 
 for the safety and security of the arehivcs of the state ; 
 a library-room suflSciently commodiuus to satisfy the 
 wants of the present and future ; and additional accom- 
 modations for the several departments of the government, 
 including the agricultural l)ureau recentlv established. 
 
BOSTON AM) VICINITY. C7 
 
 The plan adopted comprised ante or committoe rooms for 
 the use of the Senate and Council, and committee rooms 
 fur the general use of the Legishiture. The dimensions of 
 the library are as follows : Length, eighty-eight feet ; width, 
 thirty-seven feet ; height, thirty-six and a half feet. It is 
 fitted with galleries and alcoves, which will afford abun- 
 dant space for the accumulations of many future years. 
 The basement and iire-pruof rooms beneath the library are 
 of the sa>ne dimensions as the latter, with the exception 
 of the height ; and they will be sufficient to accommodate 
 the agricultural department, and to afford room and 
 security for the public archives. All the designs of 
 the plan, so far as providing accommodations is con- 
 cerned, are fully carried out in the structure, which is 
 completely fire-proof, and built in the most substantial 
 and massive style. The wall of the basement story is of 
 " rusticated dressed granite," and the others of brick. A 
 large amount of iron is used in the structure, which gives 
 it an air of grandeur and solidity. 
 
 Visitors to the cupola are required (o inscribe their 
 names on a register. 
 
 For the enlargement of the iState House, the city is 
 largely indebted to the activity and perseverance of the 
 Hon. F. Brinley, then a senator from Suffolk County. 
 
 One of llie first objects that attract the attention of 
 a stranger, on entering the State House, is the statue 
 
68 
 
 BOSTON A^fi.) VICINITY, 
 
 of Washington, by Sir F. Chiintrey, which is placed in 
 the rotunda. This statue was purchased by private sub- 
 scription, and was placed where it now stands in 1828. 
 
 Fac-similes of the Memorial Tablets of the Washing- 
 ton Family, presented to Hon. Charles Sumner by 
 Earl Spencer, and by Hon. Charles Sumner to the Com- 
 monwealth, are placed upon the marble floor in front of 
 the statue. Bronze statues of Daniel Webster and Hor- 
 ace Mann stand in front of the State House. 
 
 The Hancock House. — Until the year 1863, near 
 the capitol, on the west, stood the mansion-house of the 
 eminent patriot, John Hancock. On the east, at about 
 the same distance, was situated the dwelling of the late 
 James Bowdoin, another patriot of the Revolution, a dis- 
 tinguished scholar and philosoj)hcr, and who, by his firnT 
 
ABLETS 
 
 t^ THE WaSHiJ^ ^^ WHICH THK StATUK OF WASHINGTON 
 
 „;k, Boston, Massachusetts. 
 
 TVk 
 
 or!" 
 
F 
 
 Ol. THE 
 
 FAC-SIMILES OF THE MEMORIAL TABLETS 
 
 Washington Famii.v, i-kumankntly i-lackd ui'ON the maublk floou oi- the arka ,.v ,vi„c„ -rn,.- Statlk oi' 
 
 STANDS, WITHIN' THE l.AIMNG IN FKONT OF SAID StATUE, IN THE StATE HOUSE, BostoN', MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Washington 
 
 W 
 
 lUilil: I.IFiS INTKHIlICr) V IIOIIIKH Ol' El.l/.Ml : W.\S111.\«;T()N 
 
 wiMiioHi:, WHO <ii.VN(;iJ> this i,ii k fok imoiiiai-mtik 
 
 V 19 Ol MAIK H UiTi- As ALSO V llODV OK KoKKIlT 
 
 Washinotox <;i;nt: ni:it r.ATi-: HVsriAxi) .sKcoxii 
 
 SONXi: OI RollJUtT WASHIXOTOX ol' Sot.cltAVH IX Y 
 
 COVXTV OK iVoltTH : Ksil : WHO l)i;i'Ti:i> THIS l.ll'K V 
 lOorMAIiCIt mTi- Ar-TKItTHjy MVKI) I.OVlXd.Y TOCiP.TIKl: 
 
 ■^^kik 
 
 fcf 
 
 iilii!i';:;i:a:>;,ij,„jji; 
 
 niESR FAC-SIMILES OF THE MEMORIAL STONES OF 
 ■nil', WASHINGTON FAMILY, IN THE PARISH CHURCH 
 OF lUilNOTON, THE BURIAL -PLACE OF THE SPENCERS 
 NEAK ALTHOUl', NOUrilAMPTONSHIRE, ENGLAND, WERE 
 PRESENTED HY I'HE UIOHT HONORABLE EARL SPENCER 
 TO CHARLES SUMNER, OF MASSACHUSETTS, AND BY HIM 
 OFFERED TO THE COMMONWEALTH 22 FEBRUARY, 18(n. 
 
 LAWRENCE WAS KATllEU, ANU KOHEUT IINCI.E, Or THE EN(;i.lSH 
 EMIOKANT TO VIUOINIA, WHO WAS OKEAT GUANIH'ATHER OV (iEOUOK 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 HERE-LIETH'TbE-BODlOF-LAVRENCE 
 
 WASHiNGTON-SONNE-&-HEiRE-0F 
 
 ROBERT-WASHiNGTON- OF-SOVLCRAE 
 
 IN-TLE-COVNTiEOFNORTHAMTON 
 
 ESQViER-WHO'MARlEDMARGARET 
 
 TFE- ELDES T- DAVGH TER-OFWiLUAM 
 
 BVTLER-OF-TEES-iN-TPE'COVNTIE 
 
 OFSYSSEXE-ESQViER-WHO-HAD-iSSV 
 
 BY-hER-8-SONNS-&,-9-DAVGHTERS 
 
 WHiCHLAVRENCEDECESSEDTFEI3 
 
 OFDECEMBER-A:DNi:|6l6 
 
 TioV-THAT'BY'CHANCE-ORCHOYCE 
 OF-THIS-HASr- SIGHT 
 
 KNOW-LiFE-TO-DEATH-RE^iGNES 
 
 as-daye-to-nIght 
 
 bvt-as-thesvnns-retorne 
 revives tfe- daye 
 
 SO-CHRiST-SHALL-VS 
 
 THOVGH TVRNDETODVST&CLAY 
 
OAvlHtY. 
 
 ,\ii :;!:r 
 
 " :ii/.M.i.i ;< I i- u'loii / (!;'i:i'i. 
 
liOSTON' AN1< VK.JMTY. GO 
 
 ness iu the criwcal period of llHG, contributed most 
 efficiently to the preservation of order and tranquillity 
 in the Commonwealth. 
 
 The Hancock IIou.sc. built A.D. 1737, and taken 
 down in 1863, was one of the celebrities of Boston ; 
 and no stranger who felt the patriotic impulse failed to 
 pay it a visit. 
 
 It stood ill Heacon-strect, very near the State House, 
 fronting the south, presented a (quaint and picturesque 
 appearance, embosomed, as it was. with shrubs, evergreens, 
 trees, and flowers. It was built of hewn stone, and raised 
 about thirteen feet above the street, the ascent being 
 through a garden. There it stood, beside its modern 
 neighbors, like a venerable grandsire surrounded by his 
 children's cliildren, conuuanding respectful attention, and 
 even admiration. The front was fifty-six feet in breadth, 
 and it terminated in two lofty stories. Formerly there 
 was a delightful garden behind the hou>e, ascending grad- 
 ually to the hig'i lands in the rear. 
 
 In the governor's time we are told that in front of the 
 edifice " an hundred cows daily fed " on the Common. 
 
 A brave place for hospitality has th;it house been in old 
 times, when " the east wing formed a spacious hall, and 
 the west wing was appropriated to domestic purposes; 
 the whole embracing, with the stables, coach-hou-^es and 
 
70 BOSTON AND VICINM'V. 
 
 Other offices, an extent of two luuidred ani twenty) feet." 
 There was also a glacis, in the days when Thomas Han- 
 cock, the governor's uncle, resided there ; but garden, 
 glacis, stables, and coach-houses, have made way for streets 
 
 The Boston Water- \V or. ks. — A short walk on Beacon 
 Ilill brings us to an enormous structure of massive granite 
 masonry, which will, if the stranger knows not its uses, 
 strike him with astonishment. It is not a jail, though it 
 somewhat resembles one; nor is it a warehouse, nor a 
 church. It is the great Beacon Hill Reservoir, into whit-h 
 flows, from Cochituate Lake, formerly called Long Pond, 
 the water which supplies the city with the pure element. 
 The dimensions of this huL'e cistern are, on Deine-street. one 
 hundred and ninety-nine feet and three inches ; on Temple- 
 street, one hundred and eighty-two feet and eleven inches; 
 on Hancock-street, one hundred and ninety-one feet seven 
 inches ; and on the rear of Mount Vernon-street, two 
 hundred and six feet and five inches. From the founda- 
 tion to the sunnuit, exclusive of railing, it is on Derne- 
 street sixtv-six feet, and on the rear of Mount Vernon- 
 •itreet forty-ihree feet high. 
 
 This building is an immense basin, or reservoir. It 
 rests on arches of immense strength, fourteen and three 
 fourths feet span. The basin holds 2,678,9(31 wine gal- 
 lons of water. 
 
 Two granite tablets are placed on the north side of th 
 
BOSTON AND VlCINIir. 71 
 
 Reservoir, witli the following inscriptions: 
 
 BOSTON WATER-WORKS. 
 
 BEGUN AUGUST, 1846. WATEK INTRODUCED OCTOBER, 1848 
 
 JOSIAH QUINCY, JR., Mayor. 
 
 (NATHAN HALE, 
 COMMISSIONERS,^ JAMES F. BALDWIN,- 
 /THOMAS B. CURTIS. 
 
 BOSTON WATER-WORKS 
 
 THE RESERVOIR COMPLETED NOVEMBER, 1849. 
 JOHN P. BIGELOW, Mayor. 
 
 rW. S. WHITWELL, I 
 
 ENGINEERS, ^ E. S. CHESBROUGH, 
 
 ^JOHN. B. JERVIS, C 
 
 W. S. WHITWELL, East Div. 
 
 West Dit. 
 
 CoNSCLTlNa. 
 
CHAPTER V 1 1 1 . 
 
 BOSTON COMMON. OLD ELM. PROG PONDo 
 
 Were we to be asked, "What is the great feature of 
 Boston city, we should assuredly reply, Boston Common, 
 
 The parks of the British metropolis have not unaptly 
 been termed the lungs of London. "With equal appropri- 
 ateness the Commo'i of Boston may be styled the great 
 
BOSTON AN1> VICINITY. 73 
 
 breathing apparatus of Boston. In summer or in winter 
 those forty-eight acres of undulating ground, green with 
 grass or white with snow, constitute a favorite place of 
 resort. And when the noble trees that abound there are 
 thick with foliage, no more delightful promenade than 
 those broad avenues beneath their interlacing boughs 
 could well be imagined. 
 
 A glance at the early history of the Common may not 
 be uninteresting. 
 
 " In 1 634, commissioners were chosen to dispose of un- 
 occupied lands. They were directed to leave out portions 
 for new comers and the further Ijencfits of the tOAvn. Tlie 
 Common was among the reserved portions, nnd became 
 public property, as a training field and pasture. In 1833 
 a city ordinance appeared, forbidding its use as a pasturage, 
 and it has long since ceased to be a training field." 
 
 The citizens of Boston have always been proud of their 
 beautifid Common. Several times have attempts been 
 made to encroach upon it, but public opinion in each case 
 defeated the object, and it is not now probable tliat a single 
 toot of it will be misa})pro]iriated. 
 
 The American elm is celebrated abroad for its beauty, 
 and our Common has extremely beautiful groves of these 
 graceful trees, whose hanging boughs form arches on high, 
 which, either in summer, autumn, or winter, attract gen- 
 eral admiration for their fairv-like tracery — Nature's own 
 7 
 
74 UObTON AM) MLINITY. 
 
 drapery, woven hy her most fantastic liands. Time and 
 storm have dialt iiardly with some of them, and thev 
 have been felled and supplanted by others, where repair 
 was impos.-iblc. The extreme hardness of the malls has 
 operated injuriously upon the roots of many of them, and 
 eanker worms have oeea-sionally made too free among the 
 branches ; but great and judicious care and exj)ense have 
 done much to remedy tliese evils ; and the full foliage of 
 the Common, now shading the numerous paths with the 
 magnificent garniture of their verdure, affords ample 
 rewai'd for years of intelligent husbandry. 
 
 The richness of the soil on our Common has been one 
 reason why the multitude of trees which decorate it have 
 been so long preserved in vigor and beauty. In the sum- 
 mer season the Common j)resents its most lovely aspect ; 
 all the malls ai-e crowned with rich green canopies, and 
 the carpet sjjreail by Nature at man's feet is of the amplest 
 and freshest verdure. 'J'he birds and squirrels frolic un- 
 harmed amid the broad, ancient f)oughs, and the malls, 
 which intersect the un<lulating surfiice of the lawn, add 
 vastly to its ornate appearance. The cathedral-like arches 
 which overtop the elm-lined malls are ever charming to 
 tht' artistic eye; and indeed it is a question with some 
 whether they do not hx)k as beautiful in their u'lnter 
 robes, when the network of srray-like twigs is frosted over 
 with the fleece of snow, or a crystalline coaling of ice 
 
BOSTON AND VICIMTV. 75 
 
 glistens with prismatic splendors in the sunlight. Truly. 
 the care wliich has been bestowed upon the Coninio:; i ; 
 been amply repaid. 
 
 Two of the walks in Boston were formerly designated 
 by the names Gkkat Mall and Little Mall, The 
 Great Mall borders the eastern edge of the Conunon, and 
 tlie Little Mall the eastern edge of the Granary or Park 
 Street burying ground. The hx^t named was planted with 
 English elms by Colonel Adino Paddock, in 1770. They 
 are therefore more than eighty years old. The trees in 
 the Great Mall were planted, as appears from the plans, 
 between 1722 and 1729. Those that remain are therefore 
 about one hundred and thirty years old. The trees on 
 the Little Mall Avcre a mixture of elms and buttonAvoods. 
 Mr. Paddock was a loyalist, left lioston in 177G, and set- 
 tled in Nova Scotia, where his descendants still live. 
 
 The Great Elm is one of the lions — perhaps the 
 lion — of Boston Common. Still hale and strong, it 
 stands about the centre of the green, and is supposed, 
 from various data, to be upwards of two hundred years 
 old. 
 
 In 1825 it was sixty-five feet high, the circumference at 
 thirty inches from the ground being twenty-one feet eight 
 inches, and the spread of branches eighty-six feet. In 
 1855 it was measured, and found to be seventy-two and a 
 half feet in height; height of first branch from the ground, 
 
76 
 
 BOSTON ANU VICIMTT. 
 
 twenty -two and a half feet ; girth four feet from the ground, 
 seventeen feet; average diameter of greatest spread of 
 branches, one hundred and one feet. This shows that the 
 ehn has grown considerably within the last quarter of a 
 century. 
 
 But this colossal plant has more interesting features 
 than its age or size, though they are great. 
 
 SUMMEn EtM. 
 
 There wa'? once a powrlor niMprnzino near this tree, on 
 the little hill at wImvc font it stands. Tliis hill. also, diir- 
 ,n?r f!u' ••io!?(> of l^oston. wms the site of a British fortifica- 
 tion, bombarded by Washington. 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY, 
 
 77 
 
 III the war of 1812 its existence was endangered by the 
 eneampmenl around it of American troops, destined to 
 protect tlie town. It lias often been exposed to injury by 
 tlie custom of hanging and burning elfigics upon its giant 
 branches ; and many lurbuh-nt occasions, on Election and 
 Independence days, liave exposed the tree to violence. 
 
 WINTER ELM. 
 
 Severe tempests have at times threatened to annihilate 
 this tree; and in 1831 or 1832 a violent storm separated 
 four .of its large limbs, and so far detached them that they 
 rested partially upon the ground. They were raised and 
 bolted tngpthrr ; tho bolts are still visible, and the branches, 
 7* 
 
tH BOSTON AND VICINITV. 
 
 at the end of t\vt,'iit\-livc years, appear to be perfectly 
 united. In l<So'J a large branch was blown off. 
 
 For many }ears the interior of the trunk was rotten, 
 and mueli of it had disappeared, from neglect; but finally 
 the spirit of improvement, which came ui)on the Common, 
 extended to tiie great tree, and the edges of the aperture 
 were prolcctcil, and the exterior coveicd l»y canvas. The 
 }iarts Iiavc tiuis l)een regeneialcd, and the 0])ening fdled 
 and oliUteratcd. 
 
 Notwitiistanding the years that have rolled over the 
 veteran colo-su-;, it still j)i-esents an aspect of grandeur 
 whicli will ever be the adiniiation of the beholder. Dr. 
 A\ arieii remark^, in his book upon the Great Tree, — 
 
 This tree, therefore, we nuist venerate as a visible 
 relic of the Indian Siiawmut, for all its other native trees 
 and groves have been long since jiixistrated. The frail 
 and transient memorials of the aborigines have vanished; 
 evi'n the hills of Trimounlain cannot be dis'inguished ; 
 and this native noble elm icmains to ])resent a substantial 
 association of the existing with the former ages of Boston." 
 
 A handsome iron fence now surround-; it. through which 
 entrance is had by a gate. Flowers adorn the little circle 
 enclosed at its foot, seeming to pay the homage of beauty 
 to majesty ; and squirnd-; gambol among its branches, in 
 which a shelter and tbod are ])rovided for them. The fol- 
 lowing iiiscription is on the fence: — 
 
BOSTON AM> VICIM'IV. 79 
 
 THE OLD KLM. 
 This tree has been standing 
 here for an unknown period. 
 It is belii'vcd to have existed be- 
 fore the settlement of IJoston, be- 
 ing full grown in 1722. Exhibited 
 marks of old age in 1792, and was 
 nearly destroyed by a stonn in 
 1832. Protected by an iron 
 fence in 1&)4. J. V. C. 
 Smith, Mayor. 
 
 Tlio following lines, dedicatotl to tlif old Elm Tree on 
 Boston Common, by Geo. E. Kicc. originally appeared in 
 the Satnrday Evening Gazette. 
 
 TO THE GREAT ELM TREE OX BOSTON COMMON. 
 
 When first from mother Earth j-ou sprung, 
 Ere Chaucer, Spenser, Shakcsjicare sung, 
 Or Puritans had come among 
 The savages to loose each tongue 
 
 In psalms and prayers. 
 These forty acres, more or less, 
 Now gayly clothed in Nature's dress, 
 Where Yankees walk, and brag, and guess. 
 Was but a " howling wilderness " 
 
 Of wolves and bears. 
 
 Say, did you start with the presenti- 
 Ment that you'd e'er be the centre 
 Of all that's known 
 
80 UOSTON AM> VICINITY. 
 
 About the sciences and arts ? 
 For we are men of mighty parts, 
 And strangers say that Boston hearts 
 With pride are blown ; 
 
 And fondly deem their little state 
 To be '■^ pur cxcelU-nce " the great. 
 
 And look with pity 
 And sore contempt on those who say 
 That Europe boasts a to\\Ti to-day 
 That's not surpassed in every way 
 
 By Boston City. 
 
 What wondi-ous chani;cs you have seen 
 Since you put forth yoiu' primal green 
 
 And tt'iidcr shoot ; 
 Throe hundred years your life has spanned, 
 Yet calm, serene, erect you stand. 
 Of great renown throughout the land. 
 Braced up with many an iron band, 
 And showing marks of Time's hard hand 
 
 From crown to root. 
 
 You, when a slender sapling, saw 
 The persecuted reach this shore. 
 
 And in their tuni 
 Treat others as themselves were treated. 
 To mete the measure that's been meted. 
 And cheat if he has e'er been cheated. 
 
 How does man yearn ! 
 
 Of tales perchance devoid of tioith. 
 With which they would, in early youth. 
 My heart appall. 
 
BOSTON AMJ VICINITY. 
 
 AV'as one the gossips used to tell 
 About a witch so grim and fell, 
 That here was hung for raising — well, 
 It wasn't Saul. 
 
 Since you beheld the light of day, 
 A race of men has passed away — 
 
 A warlike nation, 
 Who, oft with fire water plied. 
 Lost all their bravery and pride. 
 And yielded to the rapid stride 
 
 Of annexation. 
 
 Behold, a mightier race appears. 
 And high a vast republic rears 
 
 Her giant features, 
 And westward steadily we drive 
 The few poor Indians who survive, 
 And barely keep the race alive — 
 Degenerate creatures. 
 
 For arc we not the mighty lords 
 And masters of all savage hordes, 
 
 In our opinion ? 
 And when we with inferiors deal, 
 'Tis well to use the iron heel, 
 And make them wince, and writhe, and feel 
 
 Their lords' dominion. 
 
 You heard the first rebellious hum 
 Of voices, and the fife and drum 
 Of revolution, 
 
 81 
 
^2 ROSTOV AXI> VI( IXITY. 
 
 And heard the bells and welkin ring, 
 When they threw off great George, their king, 
 And much improved by that same thing 
 Their constitution. 
 
 And yon still thrive and live to see 
 The country prosperous and free. 
 
 In spite of all 
 The very sage prognostications 
 Of prf)phets in exalted stations. 
 Who could foresee the fate of nations, 
 
 And snid she'd fall. 
 
 You've seen both the tremendous spread 
 Of ronimerce, and of those it made 
 
 Rich and ;inibitious, 
 ^^^lo fl:iimt with parvenu's true pride. 
 And in their sliowy coaches ride, 
 With arms emblazoned on the side, 
 Wliich any herald who descried 
 
 Would deem flagitious. 
 
 Majestic tree ! Yoii've seen much worth 
 From little Boston issue forth. 
 
 And know some men 
 Who love their kind, and give their store 
 To help the suffering and the poor, 
 Nor drive the beggar from their door. 
 Heaven bless such hearts, and give them more, 
 
 I pray again. 
 
 And you shall see much more beside. 
 Ere to your root, old Boston's pride, 
 
 , The ;.xo i>i l:iid. 
 
UOsiON AND VICIMIV. 
 
 83 
 
 And long, 1 trust, the time will be. 
 Ere mayor and council sit on thee. 
 And find with unanimity 
 That you're decayed; 
 
 For you arc still quite hale and stanch, 
 Though here and there perhaps a branch 
 
 Is slightly rotten ; 
 And you will stand and hold your sway 
 When ho who ]>ens this rhyme to-day 
 Shall mingle with the connnon clay. 
 
 And l-o forsifotten. 
 
 The Frog Pond, now called " Cochituate Lake by 
 super-srenteel people, or. as it ha-; been called. " Quincy 
 
84 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 Lake," is situated near the Old Elm Tree, whose roots it 
 has moistened for so many years. The original form has 
 long been changed, and the natural pond in which the boys 
 iished for minnows and horn-pout is now supplied from 
 Cochituate Lake ; and in one portion a fountain sends up 
 its sparkling waters to the height of over ninety feet. A 
 variety of jets are connected with it at pleasure ; and 
 nothing can be more charming than the effect produced 
 on a summer's evening, when bands discourse sweet 
 music, and the strains blend with the sound of falhng 
 waters : the effect is inexpressibly beautiful. Then is the 
 time to see Boston Common and its tiny silver lake. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 PUBLIC GARDEN. PROVIDENCE DEPOT. PUBLIC 
 
 LIBRARY. 
 
 The Public Garden is situated at the foot of the 
 Common, and contains about twenty acres. Like its 
 neighbor, all walks and beauties are open to the inspec- 
 tion and enjoyment of visitors. The new land adjacent 
 is fast being occupied by elegant churches and dwelling- 
 houses. Close by, on Pleasant Street, is 
 
 The Providence Railroad Depot, a fine brick 
 structure, and rather striking in its architecture. The 
 interior arrangements are good, and unusually convenient. 
 This road is forty-three miles in length, and, joined with 
 the " Stonington Line," which is properly a continuation 
 of it, connects Boston with Long Island Sound. The 
 branch roads uniting with this are the Dedham, Stough- 
 ton, Taunton, and Attleboro' roads. 
 
 Cars leave the depot in Boston for Providence daily, 
 stopping at Roxbury, which is two miles from the city, 
 Jamaica Plain, three and a half miles. 
 
 Canton, fourteen miles from Boston, is a beautifully- 
 
«6 
 
 BOSTON AM) VICINITY. 
 
 tliversified and picturesque town, watered by the Neponset 
 Kiver, wliicli, with the numerous ponds in its vicinity, 
 fjives it an extensive water power. Tlic i-ailroad bridjre 
 which crosses tin.' river at Canton is one of the finest 
 pieces of nia-onry in the country. It is of hewn <rranite, 
 is six hundred and twelve feet lung, and elevated sixty- 
 
 three feet above the foundation, resting on six arches, with 
 a succession of arches on top. Its cost exceeded ninety 
 thousand dollars. 
 
 Sharon, seventeen and a half miles from Boston, occu- 
 pies the highest land between Boston and Providence. 
 
KOSTON AN1> VH'IXITY. 
 
 87 
 
 Its natural scenery is exceedingly line. Maslmpoag Poml, 
 a beautiful sheet of wjiter over a mile in length, rests upon 
 a bed of iron ore. During the Ioav stages of the water, 
 the ore is extracted by machines made lor the purj)ose. 
 Fishing and plciisure parties frequent this pond in the 
 summer season. 
 
 Mansfield is twenty-ibur miles, Attleboro' thirty-uiie 
 miles, Pawtucket thirty-nine miles, and Providence Ibrly- 
 three and a half miles from Boston. 
 
 The Public Library building of the city of Boston 
 is situated on Boylston Street, opposite the Common, 
 
88 BOSTON AM» VirlNlTY. 
 
 au(l is constructed of brick : llie ornamental portions -fire 
 of sandstone. The whole Imildinir is strictly fire-proof. 
 It was designed by Mr. Charles Ivirby, and is eighty two 
 feet in front, one hundred and twenty-eight feet deep, and 
 two stories in height, besides the basement. The lower, 
 or basement, story is situated below the level of the side- 
 walk. 
 
 The first story of the building contains the large hall 
 of entrance, which opens directly into the room for dis- 
 tribution, occupying the central part of the story. It 
 is intended to .-cive al.-o as a conv(M>ation room. This 
 room is connected with a large hall in the rear of the 
 building, having a gallery and twenty alcoves, calculated 
 to contain about forty thousand of the l)Ooks most fre- 
 quently demanded for u-e. On the front of the building, 
 and entered only Irom the room of delivery, are two read- 
 ing rooms, one on the east for ladies, and one on the west, 
 amply supplied with the periodicals of the day, for gen- 
 eral use. 
 
 The second or principal story is one hall, approached 
 by visitors only by the staircase in the entrance hall. 
 This hall, which by calculation will contain more than two 
 hundred thousand volumes, has ten alcoves on each of its 
 sides, and the same number in each of its galleries, mak- 
 ing sixty alcoves in all. Plach alcove contains ten ranges 
 of shelves, and each range ten shflves. The object of 
 
llOsTON ANI» VICINITY. 89 
 
 tliis decimal arrangement of shelves is to simplify all the 
 details connected with the library. 
 
 The Library was organized in 18o2. The building 
 was commenced in l.S.>5, and was dedicated on the first 
 day of January, I.S.'jS. It cost, together with the grounds, 
 about $863,000. An annual appropriation of about 
 $25,000 is made by the city for its maintenance. It pos- 
 sesses also permanent funds presented and bequeathed for 
 the special purpose of purchasing books, amounting at 
 present to nearly $100,000. 
 
 At the date of the last report, the Library contained 
 upwards of 110,000 books, besides pamphlets, maps, and 
 other articles. It has already become the second in size 
 among the libraries of the country, and is but little be- 
 hind the largest. The average of lendings of books ibr 
 home use was GG3 a day the year round. It is stated that 
 sometimes more than 2,000 persons a day visit the Library 
 for literary purposes, besides those who go from mere cu- 
 riosity. The building is open from nine, a.m. to ten, p.m. 
 every day. The privileges of the institution are entirely 
 free to all the citizens of Boston. The institution has 
 from the first met the favor of the people ; and it has been 
 cherished more and more as its benefits have been widely 
 known and enjoyed. 
 
 The valuable New^-England Library bequeathed in 
 1758 to the Old South Church, by the Rev. Thomas 
 Prince, has lately been transferred to the Public Library. 
 8* 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 WORCESTER DEPOT AM) ROAD. OLD COLONY AND 
 
 FALL RIVER DEPOT AND ROAD, 
 
 Leaving the Public Library, a stroll through Boylston 
 Street, (passing the spot where the Liberty Tree once 
 grew,) down Beach Street, brings us to The Boston and 
 Worcester Railroad Depot. It is a very plain 
 
BOSTON AND VJCIMTV. 91 
 
 brick building, but covering a large area of ground, facing 
 on Kneeland Street, with entrances and exits on Kneeland, 
 Albany, and Lincoln Streets. The accommodations are 
 spacious, and the arrangements so well made that the 
 stranger, on his arrival, is not in danger of being pulled 
 in pieces by olficious hackmen, for here each has his place 
 and nmst keep it. The vicinity of this depot presents a 
 busy scene en the arrival and departure of the New York 
 and Albany trains, and it is well worth the walk to wit- 
 ness it. The branch roads uniting with this road are, the 
 Brookline, Newton Lower Falls, and Saxouville ; the Mil- 
 ford branch, from South Framingham depot to Milfbrd ; 
 the Millbury branch, from Gi-afton to Millbury ; and the 
 Agricultural, from South Framingham to Marlboro'. 
 
 Brighton, the first stopping place on this route, five 
 miles from P)0>ton, is a pleasant town on the soulh side 
 of Charles River. It is noted for its cattle market, the 
 largest in New England. Monday is the market day, 
 when buyei's and sellers congregate in large numbers to 
 traffic in live stock. This town has become the residence 
 of many persons of wealth and taste, who occupy beauti- 
 ful country seats, with splendid gardens attached. Win- 
 ship's Gaixlen is famed for its nursery of fine fruit trees 
 and shrubbery, and for i(s grand display of fruits and 
 flowers of every variety. It is free to visitors. 
 
 Newton is both an as;ricultural and a manufacturing 
 
5)2 UOSTON AM> \ 1( IMTV. 
 
 town. Its borders ai-e washed by Charles River for sev- 
 ei-al miles. There are two sets of falls on that river in 
 this town, two miles apart, called the Upper and Lower 
 Falls, on which are extensive j)ai)er mills, and other man- 
 ufacturing estal)lishments. There is a Theological Semi- 
 nary here, established in 182.'). 
 
 Needham is now quite a manufacturing town, having 
 several paper mills, a chocolate mill, a coach and car 
 manufactoiy, and manufactories of shoes, hats, &c. It 
 has also <iuarries of stone, which are becoming yearly 
 njore valuable. 
 
 Natick, seventeen miles distant fioni the city, (called by 
 the Indians " the place of hills,") is watered in part by 
 Charles River; it contains ,-everal delightful ponds, well 
 stored with fish. The southern part of Long Pond is in 
 this town, and is seen from tlie cars while passing. The 
 first Indian church in New England was established hei-e 
 in 16G0, under the direction of the apostle Eliot. 
 
 Framingham, twenty-one miles from Boston, has the 
 Sudbury River passing through its centre. Its fishing, 
 fowling, and other sports make it an agreeable i)lace of 
 resort. 
 
 Hopkinton is twenty-four miles from Boston, and Graf- 
 ton thirty-eight miles, T-he Western, Nashua, Norwich, 
 and several other routes pass ovei- this road, and through 
 Worcester, to srain Boston. 
 
BOSTON AND VK INITV. 
 
 93 
 
 Not far from this depot stands Thk Old Colony 
 AND Fall Rivek Dkpot, at the corner of Kneeland and 
 South Streets. It is a plain, substantial building of brick, 
 
 and very convenient. This road was opened for travel 
 on the I'Jth of November, 1845, and extends from Boston 
 to Fall River, and from Braintree to Plymouth. The 
 branch roads connecting with it are the South Shore, Cape 
 Cod, Milton, Middleboro', and Taunton roads. 
 
 South Boston, the first stopping place, was formerly a 
 ])art of Dorchester, and is connected with Boston by two 
 bridges, and also by the Old Colony and Fall River Rail- 
 
94 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 road. Dorchester, four miles from Boston, lies on Dor- 
 chester Biiy, in Jioston harbor. It is under a high state 
 of cultivation — fruits, vegetables, and flowers being raised 
 here in great abundance ; and this town, in consequence of 
 the facilities for reaching Boston, has become a favorite 
 place of residence for many of its citizens. 
 
 Neponset Village, five miles from Boston, situated in 
 the town of Dorchester, is on the jN'eponset River, near 
 its mouth. It has consideiable trade, and the population 
 is rapidly increasing. 
 
 Quincy, eight miles from Boston, is situated on Quincy 
 Bay, in Boston harbor. The village, which is built on an 
 elevated plain, is remarkable for its neatness and beauty. 
 The ancestral estate of the Quincy family, one of the 
 most beautiful residences in New England, is in this town. 
 In a church in the village, erected in 1828 at a cost of 
 forty thousand dollai's, is a beautiful monument to the 
 memory of John Adams and his wife. This town sup- 
 plies the " Quincy granite," noted for its durability and 
 beauty. Immense quantities are annually quarried and 
 sent to various parts of the United States. 
 
 The first railway constructed in this country was in 
 Quincy, it being a short line of four miles, completed in 
 1827. It was built for the purpose of conveying granite 
 ({uarried in the Granite Hills to vessels lying in the Ne- 
 ponset River, and still remains in use. Of course horse 
 power only was used. 
 
BO-^TUN AND VICINITY. 95 
 
 North Braintree is tun and a half miles from Boston, 
 liraintree eleven and a half, South Weymouth fifteen, 
 XorLh Abington eighteen, Abington nineteen and a quar- 
 li'r, South Abington twenty-one, North Hanson twenty- 
 three and a quarter, Hanson twenty-four and three quar- 
 ters, Plympton thirty, Kingston thirty-three. 
 
 Plymouth, the terminus of the Old Colony road, is 
 thirty-seven miles from Boston, and is celebrated as being 
 the landing place of the "Pilgrims," who disembarked 
 here on the 22d of December, 1G20. It is the oldest 
 town in New England. Pilgrim Hall, the building most 
 worthy of notice, contains a valuable painting represent- 
 ing the landing of the Pilgrims from the " Mayflower." It 
 is thirteen by sixteen feet, and is valued at three thousand 
 dollars. The cabinet of the Pilgrim Society contains 
 many valuable antiquities. From Burying Hill, in the 
 rear of the town, which is elevated one hundred and sixty 
 feet above the level of the sea, is a tine view of the vil- 
 lage, the harbor, and shipping beyond, Avith the coast for 
 some miles in extent. " Plymouth Rock," a deeply inter- 
 esting spot to New P^nglanders, is near the termination of 
 Leyden Street. The town contains about two hundred 
 ponds ; the largest, called Billington Sea, is about six 
 miles in circumference. It is two miles south-west of 
 the village, and contains a good supply of pickerel and 
 perch. 
 
96 
 
 BOSTON AN1> VICINITV. 
 
 The National Monumknt to tiik Forefathers, a 
 description of which we talie from the Boston Ahnanac of 
 1856, is to be erected here. The design comprises an 
 octagonal ])cdestal, eighty-three feet high, upon whieli 
 stands a figure of Faitli, rising to the height of seventy 
 feet above the platform of the pedestal, so that the whole 
 
 monument will rise one hundred and fifty-three feet above 
 the earth upon which it rests. Faith is represented as 
 standing upon a rock, holding in iier left hand an open 
 Bible, while the other hand is uplifted toward.^ heaven. 
 
BOSTON AND ViaNlTV. 97 
 
 From the four cmaller faces of the main pedc!<tal project 
 wings or buttresses, upon which are seated figures em- 
 lilematic of the principles u})on which tlie Pilgrim Fathers 
 proposed to found their commonwealth. These are Moral- 
 ity, Law, Flducation, and Freedom. The sides of the 
 seats upon which they sit are dHcorated with niches, in 
 which arc statues appropriate to the figures above. 
 
 Upon th(; larger faces of the main pedestal are panels, 
 which are intended to contain recoi'ds of the names of the 
 Pilgrims of the Mayflower, the events of the voyage, the 
 piuininent events in the early history of the colony, and 
 the events which occurred previous to their departure from 
 Delft Haven. Upon smaller panels, placed below these, 
 are to be inscribed events connected with the Pilgrim So- 
 ciety and the erection of the monument, Avith an appro- 
 priate dedication. Upon the faces of the wing pedestals 
 are panels designed lO contain alto-reliefs of the departure 
 from Delft Haven, the signing of the social compact in the 
 cabin of the Mayflow^er, the landing at Plymouth, and the 
 first ti'eaty with the Indians. 
 
 In the main pedestal is a chamber twenty-four feet in 
 diameter, and from the floor of this a stone staircase leads 
 to the platform upon which stands the principal figure. 
 
 The pedestal is eighty feet in diameter at the base, and 
 the sitting figures upon the wings are forty feet high in 
 their position. The figures in the panels are eighteen feet 
 
98 
 
 lidS'KiN ,\M> \I('IMTV. 
 
 in lieiglit. In magnitmle tliu monument will far exceed 
 any monumental struct ure of modern times, and will 
 equal those stupendous works of the Egyptians whicli for 
 forty centuries have awed the world by their grandeur. 
 Tlie figure of Faith will be larger than any known statue 
 excepting that of the great Kamses, now overthrown, and 
 the Colossus of Rhodes; and the sitting figures are nearly 
 <'cjual in size to the two statues of Ramses in the plain of 
 Luxor. The architect of the monument is Mr. Hammatt 
 killings, and it is to be erected at Rlymouth under the 
 auspices of the Pilgrim Association. 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 BOSTON THEATRE. MKLODEON. 
 
 The Boston Theatre is situated ou Washington and 
 Mason Streets. Tlie entrance-front, on the former, is a 
 simple three-story biiiUling, with no attempt at architec- 
 tural display. The auditorium is nearly circular in form, 
 about ninety feet in diameter, and in height about fifty- 
 four feet. The proscenium-boxes on either side of the 
 stage are huudsomely draped. Around the avtditorium 
 above are the first and seeoiid tiers, and the gallery; in 
 front, below the first tier, or dress-circle, is a light bal- 
 cony containing two rows of seats. 
 
 In the i)arqnet and balcony, there are iron-framed chairs, 
 cushioned on the back, seat, and arms ; the first and sec- 
 ond tiers ai'c furnished with oaken-l'ramed sofas, covered 
 Avith crimson plush. The walls of the auditoiium arc of 
 a rose-tint ; the fronts of the balcony and the second cir- 
 cle are elaborately ornamented ; and the frescoed ceiling 
 embraces in its design allegorical representations of the 
 
 99 
 
IIHI 
 
 HUSTON AND VK.IXITV, 
 
 twelvemonths. Tha grand promenade sahon is 46 feet 
 long, 26 feet wide, and 26 feet high, finished with orna- 
 juented walls and ceiling, and elegantly lurnished. The 
 corridois exUiud entirely round the auditorium. 
 
 The stage side of the theatre is on Mason Street, and 
 the doors and arches, breaking the sameness of the brick 
 wall, comprise a passage leading to the cari)enter's shop 
 
BOaJON AM) VICINITT. 
 
 101 
 
 and steam work?, a set of double doors for the introduc- 
 tion of horses, carriages, &,c., shouhl such ever be requiri'd 
 for the purposes of llie stage, a [trivate door for the u.-e 
 of the actors, anil an audience entrance at the corner of 
 the building nearest West Street. 
 
 Close to the entrance on Washington Street is the Me- 
 lodeon, a small, comfortable hall, used for reli.Lnous pur- 
 poses, panoramic and other exhibitions. 
 
 9 * 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. LOWELL INSTI- 
 TUTE. OPERA-HOUSE. BRATTLE-STREET CHURCH. 
 
 BOWDOIN SQUARE. 
 
 The Mercantile Library Association occupies the 
 second floor iu Mei-cantile Building, at the corner oC 
 Hawley and Summer Streets ; the main entrance being 
 from the latter. The rooms occupied by this Association 
 are divided as follows, — Rcading-i'oom, Library, and 
 Lecture-hall. 
 
 The library is one of the finest in the city : it contains 
 at present 18,000 volumes. New books are constantly 
 added, and in quantities to suit vhe demands of the mem- 
 bers. A fire which occurred here al)out three years 
 ago desti'oyed many valuable volumes. In this lil)rary 
 may be found many books Avhich cannot be seen else- 
 where, and which are uot allowed to be taken from the 
 library. Polite and able librarians are in constant at- 
 tendance day and evening, and ai-e always ready to give 
 information to visitors. The reading-room is well 
 stocked with daily and weekly newspapers, reviews, and 
 periodicals ; and comfortable arrangements have been 
 
 made for reading. 
 
 103 
 
104 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 Besides the (acilities for gatherinif news, there are 
 Oihcr attractions to interest visitors. Facing you, as yo\i 
 enter, hangs a fine copy of Stuart's Washington, a gift 
 from the IIou. Edward Everett; and around tlie walls 
 of the reading-room and tlie hall are suspended por- 
 traits of Webster, Hamilton, Vespucius, Columbus, and 
 some of our much-honored citizens of Boston ; viz., 
 Thomas II. Perkins, Peter C. Brooks, David Sears, Wil- 
 liam Gray, Thomas C. Amory, and Robert (1. Shaw. 
 
 By the terms of the constitution, any person engaged 
 in mercantile pursuits, who is more than fourteen years 
 of age, may become a member of the Association by the 
 payment of two dollars annually. Persons not engaged 
 in mercantile pursuits may become subscribers, and be 
 entitled to all the privileges of members, except that of 
 voting, by the payment of two dollars ; and ladies may 
 become subscribers on the same terms. 
 
 Mercantile Hall will acconimodate about seven hun- 
 dred persons, is centrally located, easy of access, and 
 Icjjhted from the ceiling. It is well ventilated, and fur- 
 nished with two ante-rooms on each side of the rostrum. 
 It is a pleasant, cheerful room, and remarkably well 
 adapted by its construction for a lecture or concert room ; 
 and is in much demand for these purposes. 
 
 In this hall, weekly entertainments, either of declama- 
 tion, debate, or composition, are given for the benefit of 
 
BOSTON' AX J) VICINITY. lO/i 
 
 the members, and whic-h are always interesting, and lis- 
 tened to by crowded audiences. 
 
 Prominent amonjr tlie attractions and ornaments of the 
 hall, stands the marble statue of the " Wounded Indian," 
 by Peter Stephenson. This truly American work, aside 
 from its excellence as a work of art, is celebrated as be- 
 ing the first statue executed in the marble of this coun- 
 try, and also as being the only piece of sculpture on 
 exhibition at the World's P^air at London, that was de- 
 signed and completed in the United States. A course of 
 lectures is dekvered before the Association each winter, 
 by talented speakers. 
 
 This institution is the oldest of all the Mercantile- 
 Library Associations in the country ; having been founded 
 in March, 1820. Among the many institutions founded 
 in this city for intellectual, moral, and social improve- 
 ment, none are exerting a more beneficial influence, or 
 are more firmly established in the confidence of the people. 
 
 The erection of a building which shall suitably accom- 
 modate the wants of this grooving institution has long 
 been agitated. A building-fund has been started, the 
 amount of which at present is $16,000. It is proposed 
 to raise it to $50,000 ; and, should the promises of Bos- 
 ton's generous merchants be fulfilled, double that sum 
 will be at the disposal of the Association within a few 
 years. 
 
106 BOSTON ANIJ VICINITY. 
 
 Thk Lowell Institute, with an entrance from Wash- 
 ington Street, is the next object of interest. It was founded 
 by John I^owell, Jr., Esq., for the support of regular courses 
 of popular and scientific lectures. The sum bequeathed 
 for this purpose amounts to about two hundred and fifty 
 thousand dollars. By his will he provides for the main- 
 tenance and support of public lectures on natural and 
 i c'vealed religion, physics and chemistry, with their appH- 
 cation to the arts, and on geology, botany, and other use- 
 ful subjects. These lectures are all free. The season for 
 delivering them is from October to April, during which 
 period four or five courses (of twelve lectures each) are 
 usually delivered. Mr. Lowell died at Bombay in March, 
 183G, in the tiih-ty-seventh year of his age. 
 
 Opera House is situated in Province House Court. 
 The building is very old; and when Ma-.- achusetts was 
 a province, the colonial governors re. ided here. The 
 king's coat of arms, that once adorni'd this building, is 
 still treasured in the rooms of the Massachusetts Histor- 
 ical Society, and seems to have suffered more from the 
 tooth of time than the stanch old building it once adorned. 
 Perhaps the smoke from Lcxinuion and Concord dimmed 
 its bright colors, tarnished its gilding, and caused it to 
 be laid aside forever. The walls of this old house, that 
 once echoed with kings' decrees, eloquent speeches, and 
 loyal toasts, now ring with songs of negro minstrels. 
 
BO.STON AM) VJCINITY. 107 
 
 Brattlk Strket Church stands in Brattle Square. 
 The fifft house of woiship, a wooden building, was taken 
 down in May, 1772, to make room for the [jresent one, 
 which was built upon the same spot, and consecrated July 
 2.3, 1773. In the front wall, near a window, may be seen 
 the veritable cannon ball shot from Washington's camp in 
 Cambridge, at the time IJoston was in possession of the 
 British. 
 
 Proceeding westerly from Court Street, in whose vicini- 
 ty, fronting on Howard Street, is the Howard Athenaeum, 
 occupying the spot where once stood the house in which 
 Governor Kustis died, we enter BowDOiN Square. Not 
 long ago, it was environed by the extensive grounds, and 
 adorned by the stately, old-iashioued mansions, of tiiose 
 eminent merchants, the Coolidges, Pratt, Lyman, and 
 I'arkman. They have been effaced by the march of im- 
 provement, and are succeeded by the attractive Revere 
 House, the commodious Coolidge Block, Bowdoin Square 
 Church, and other less conspicuous edifices, erected for 
 the accommodation of spirited and emulous tradesmen. 
 The Square is no longer the centre of the refined hospi- 
 tality and home comfort of old Boston, but has been 
 transmuted into a centre, from which spread and radiate 
 the tracks of numerous horse railroads. Instead of quiet, 
 private, and stately residences, we encounter the activity 
 of spacious iiotels, well-stocked shops, and crowded cars. 
 
108 
 
 BOSTi^N AND VICINITY 
 
 Public ucfommodatiou, here as elsewhere in llie metropo- 
 lis, has reai()\ I'd aucieut landmarks, and substituted the 
 useful for the ornamental. 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 LOWELL DEPOT. EASTERN RAILROAD DEPOT. FITCH- 
 BURG DEPOT, COPP'S HILL. MAINE DEPOT. 
 
 The Boston and Lowell Depot, in Causeway 
 Street, is a plain brick building, with no pretensions to 
 architectural elegance. The length of the road proper is 
 twenty-six miles. The branch road connecting is the 
 Wobura Branch. The towns passed through on the road 
 to Lowell are, — 
 
 EasL Cambridge, a flourishing ])lace, with many exten- 
 -.ive manufactories, of which the glass works are the most 
 important. 
 
 Somcrvillc, thre(^ miles distant. 
 
 Medford, five miles from Boston, is at the head of navi- 
 gation on the Mystic River, and noted for its ship building. 
 
 Woburn, ten miles, has a varied and pleasing aspect, 
 and contains ^ome beautiful farms. Horn Pond, m this 
 110 
 
BOSTON AM) Vl< IMTV. 1 1 I 
 
 town, is a delightful sheet of water, surrounded by ever- 
 greens, and is so remarkable ior its rural beauties as to 
 attract many visitors from a distance. 
 
 Wilmington is fifteen miles, Billerica nineteen miles, 
 Billerica Mills twenty-two miles, and Lowell twenty-six 
 miles from Boston. 
 
 The Eastern Railroad Depot, which is built of 
 brick, stands on Causeway Street, at the foot of Fi'iend 
 and Canal Streets. The length of the road to Ports- 
 mouth is tifty-six miles, or to Portland one hundred and 
 
112 
 
 BOSTON AND VI CI MTV. 
 
 seven miles. On the way to Port, mouth the following 
 towns are passed through : — 
 
 Lynn, nine miles distant, is noted for its shoe trade. 
 
 Salem, sixteen miles, was formerly engaged in the East 
 India trade, but has declined in commercial importance, 
 most of its shipping having been removed to Boston, 
 although continuing to be owned in Salem. The INIuseum 
 of the East India Marine Society is well worth a visit, for 
 which tickets of admission can be procured gratis, on ap- 
 plication. It is remarkable for the variety and extent of 
 its natural and artificial curiosities, collected from every 
 
BOSTON' AND VICINITY 
 
 113 
 
 jiart of the world. The road jiasses tluoiigh a tunnel 
 built under E-^sex and Washington Streets, and is thence 
 earried over a bridge of considerable length to Beverly. 
 
 Beverly, sixteen miles from Boston, is connected with 
 Galem by a biidge across the North River fifteen hundred 
 ieet in length. 
 
 Wenham is twenty-two miles, Ipswich twenty-seven 
 miles, Rowley thirty-one miles, Newburyport thirty-six 
 miles, The celebrated George Whitetield died in this 
 town in September, 1770. vSalisbury Beach is thirty- 
 eight miles, Seabrook forty-two miles, Hampton forty-six 
 miles, and Portsmouth fifty-six miles from Boston. The 
 branch roads connecting with this road are the Saugus, 
 Marbleliead, South Reading, Gloucester, Essex, and Ames- 
 bury brauches. 
 
 The FiTCiiBUUG Depot fronts on Causeway Street, at 
 tlu- corner of Haverhill Street. The building, which is 
 three hundred and sixteen feet long, ninety-six feet wide, 
 and two stories high, is of Fitchburg granite, and one of 
 the handsomest depots in this country. Several loads 
 imite with this road, and the Lexington and West Cam- 
 bridge, Watertown and Marlboro', Peterboio' and Shirley 
 blanches ; and the Worcester and Na-liua, and Stony 
 Brook Railroads connect at Groton Junction. 
 
 Charlestown, the first place reached after crossing the 
 
 % iaduct over Charles River, is built on a peninsula formed 
 
 by the Charles and Mystic Rivers, and is connected with 
 10* 
 
Ill 
 
 BOSTON AND VKJIMIV. 
 
 Boston by two public bridges, by one whh Chelsea and 
 Maiden, over the Mystic, and with Cambridge by a bridge 
 over Charles River. 
 
 Somerville is three miles, Waltham ten miles. Concord 
 
 twentv miles. Groton thirty-five miles, and Fitchbnrg fifty 
 miles from l>o-ton. 
 
 Coit's Hill, not far from tlie Fitcliburg Dejiot. was 
 formerly called Snow Hill. It came into the possession 
 of the Ancient and Ilonyrable Artillery Company; and 
 when, in 177;"), they were tinbidden by General Gage to 
 parade un the Conuiion, they went to this, theii- own 
 
noS'iON AND VICIMTV. 
 
 11, J 
 
 ground, ami diilkil in detiance of his threats. The ibrt, 
 or battery, that was built there by the British, just before 
 the buttle ol' Bunker Hill, stood near the brow of the hill, 
 adjoiuintj the buryiiii>:-iiroui;d. The remains of many 
 eminent men repose in this little cemetery. Close by the 
 EMitrance is the vault of the Mather family, covered by a 
 plain oblong structure of brick, three feet high and about 
 six feet long, upon which is laid a heavy brown stone 
 slab, with a tablet of slate, bearing the following inscrip- 
 tion : — 
 
 The Reverend Doctors Increase, Cotton, and Samuel Mather were 
 interred in this vault. 
 
 IxcuKASE died August 27, 1723, iE. 84. 
 CoTTox " Feb. 13, 1727, " 65. 
 S.\MrEL " Jan. 27, 178.5, " 79. 
 
 Tlie whole is surrounded by a n<^at iron railing. 
 
116 
 
 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 The Boston and IMatm: Railuoad Depot fronts 
 on Haymarkf't Square. It is a fine large brick building, 
 two stories liigli, and is more centrally located than any 
 other depot iu the city. This road is seventy-four miles 
 long, and reaches to Portland. The ears pass through 
 Charlestown, which is distant one mile, Maiden, four 
 
 miles, South Reading, ten miles, Reading, twelve miles, 
 \Vilmingtou, eighteen miles, Audover, twenty-three miles, 
 Lawrence, twenty-six miles, North Audover, twenty- 
 eight miles, Bradford, thirty-two miles, Haverhill, lliirty- 
 rliree miles, Exeter, liity miles, Dover, sixty -eight mile.-, 
 and Portland, one hnndird and eleven miles. 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL COLLKGE MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 GENERAL HOSPITAL. WAHREX MUSEUM OF NATURAL 
 
 HISTORY. M-LEAN INSANE ASYLUM. CITY JAIL. 
 
 EYE AND EAJl INFIRMARY. 
 
 The Massachusetts ^Medical College is a plaiu 
 brick buildiiiir, tiitualuil in-ar llie hospital, in North 
 Grove Street, ami is the medical school ol' Harvard \]n'.- 
 versity. It is capable of accommodating about two hun- 
 dred students in the lecture-rooms. 
 
 Lectures are delivered during the winter months, be- 
 ginning on the first Wednesday in November, and contin- 
 uing seventeen weeks. Private instruction is also given 
 by the professors during the mouth preceding, luid for 
 foiu" months following, the winter courses. 
 
 In a lai-ge liall, in the upper part of the building, is 
 the AVarreu Anatomical Museum. This line calinet, 
 one of the largest in the country, and used lor illustrat- 
 ing the lectures at the Medical College, was commenceil 
 (iuriug the professorship of Dr. John Warren, the first 
 professor of anatomy in ILirvard College : the chief col- 
 li: 
 
1 1 >; l;0'^Tt)X AM) Vl( iNirv. 
 
 lectious, however, weic made by his sou aiul successor, 
 Dr. John C. Warren, by whom it was presented, in 1847, 
 to the college, with a lund sulficient tor its maintenance. 
 It contains a great number of original specimens pre- 
 pared by Dr. Warren, and by his numerf.-us friends and 
 jissistants. It is also rich in preparations of morbid 
 imnes. collected, for the most part, in Paris, by Dr. J. 
 Mason Warren, in 1832, who has also added many other 
 valuable specimens to it. In 1849, it was still further 
 increased l)v the donation. Ijy Dr. Warren, of the greater 
 part of the cabinet which had belonged to the Phreno- 
 logical Society. Tiiere are now about 2,750 specimens 
 in the museum ; and a detailed catalogue of them has 
 been prepared for i)ul»lication by its present zealous cu- 
 rator, Piof. J. B. S. Jackson, who has spared no lime 
 or labor in enlarging and classifying the collection, so as 
 to make it one of the most valuable for study in America. 
 
 The iiuiseuni was o|)en to the pnl)lic tor two or three 
 suinmers, at stated hours, and Inlly ad\ erli.-ed ; but tliere 
 was not a sulUcient number of visitors to warrant a con- 
 tinuance. Any respectable person, iiowever, by making 
 application at the college, at the proper time, can get a 
 permit (or admission. 
 
 Massachusetts Gkneral Hospital. Allen Street, 
 is a beautiful structure of white granite, with terraces in 
 front, and walks shawled by u growth of beautiful elms. 
 
BOSTON AM) VICINITY. 
 
 iiy 
 
 On oue side, it coinniiuuls a view oi' the river, which, in 
 siiinmer, gives it iit; .-itinospherc uncqiuillcil in Boston. 
 
 This institution Avas first suggested by a circular letter 
 to the public from Dr. James Jackson and Dr. John C. 
 Warren, in 1810. Subscriptions having been collected, 
 mainly by the efforts of these gentlemen, it was opened 
 in 1821. Shortly before, the McLean Asylum, a branch 
 of it situated in Somerville, began to receive patients. 
 
 The pliysicians and surgeons attached to it being 
 among the most eminent in the profession, and the trus- 
 tees, who have alwjiys kept a strict watch over it, being 
 gentlemen of Boston, well known, and distinguished in 
 the various walks of life, have been the means of its 
 attracting patients, not only from all New England, and 
 the Western States, but also from Canada and the Brit- 
 ish Provinces. 
 
12*' lU)STON AM) \1C1MTV. 
 
 la 1846, the fir^t operatiou ou a patieut uuder the in- 
 fluence of ether, was performetl there by Dr. John C. 
 AVarren, followed by the other surgeons of the hospital, 
 — Drs. George Ilayward, S. D. Townsend, J. Mason 
 Warren, II. J. Bigelow, mid Samuel Parkman. These 
 experiments being supported by the influence of the visit- 
 ing physicians, consulting board, and trustees, together 
 with the principal medical men of Boston, gave it a solid 
 guaranty to the confidence of the public ; and its use was 
 shortly adopted throughout the civilized world. 
 
 It is a remarkable fact, that although ether has been 
 administered fifteen or twenty thousand times in this 
 institution, in all kinds of surgical and medical cases, 
 yet not a single death, and what is more remarkable, so 
 iar as is known, no permanent injury, has resulted from 
 its use. 
 
 The surgical operaiious, since the introduction of ether, 
 have been greatly increased ; patients who formerly pre- 
 ferred to take the risk of dying rather than undergo a 
 painful surgical operation, now submitting to it cheerful- 
 ly, their terrors being relieved ; and many surgical ope- 
 rations being permitted which would not be justified with- 
 out it. Within the last few years even, notwithstand- 
 ing the opening of another large hospital in this city, 
 the surgical operations have increased fourfold, and now 
 amount to four or five hundred in the course of a year. 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. 121 
 
 The hospital is opeu at all times to cases of sudden 
 accident. During the four months of medical lectures 
 in winter, a surgical visit is made on Saturdays, at ten 
 o'clock ; surgical operations at eleven ; at which the med- 
 ical students, and all physicians in good standing, are 
 permitted to attend. During the remainder of the year, 
 the surgical visits are made on Wednesdays and Satur- 
 days at ten o'clock, both for physicians and students ; 
 surgical operations at eleven. 
 
 The following are the Rules of the Hospital, hath for the admission 
 of the patients, and the visits of their friends. 
 
 Applications for admission of patients must be made to the 
 resident physician, at the hospital, on any day of the week, Sun- 
 day excepted, between nine and ten o'clock, a.m. In urt^ent 
 cases, however, application may be made at other times. The 
 patient, if able, should in all cases appear at the hospital in per- 
 son ; if unable, or living at a distance, application must be made 
 in writing, addressed to the resident physician of the hospital, 
 by the attending physician of the patient, accompanied by a 
 full description of the case, and, when a free bed is desired, by 
 a statement of the pecuniary circumstances of the patient. 
 
 The price of board varies from S4.50 to 9!-25.00 per week. 
 Five weeks' board must be advanced upon entering (any bal- 
 ance due being refunded), or an obligation with surety for its 
 payment must be furnished. Benjamin S. Shaw, M.D., is the 
 resident physician. 
 
 Admission of FmVons.— Relatives may be admitted to visit 
 patients in the wards on each day of the week, Sunday except- 
 ed, from half past eleven to half-past twelve o'clock ; but no pa- 
 tient in any ward can receive more than one visitor a day. 
 11 ^ 
 
122 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 No visitor can be allowed to bring any article of food or liquor 
 to any patient, unless specially permitted by the attending phy- 
 sician ; and then such article must be deposited with the nurse 
 for the use of the patient. 
 
 WARREN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. 
 
 92 CHESTNCT STKEET. INCORPOKATED FEBRUARY, 1858. 
 
 This building, which is fire-proof, contains many 
 unique specimens of great value, among which is the 
 most perfect specimen of the skeleton of the great mas- 
 todon in existence ; discovered in 1845, near the North 
 River, at Newburg, and purchased in 1846 by Dr. John 
 C. "Warren. 
 
 The building is composed of two large halls, a smaller 
 one, and an entry. The lower hall contains, first, the 
 skeleton of the mastodon ; at the side of it, and for the 
 purpose of comparison, is that of the elephant Pizarro, 
 one of the largest elephants ever brought to this coimtry, 
 together with that of a horse. The room ftlso contains 
 one or two specimens of the mastodon wliJ^h have not 
 been articulated, and a great number of the heads and 
 teeth of this animal at different periods of life. There 
 is also the head of a whale, and casts of heads of vari- 
 ous animals from the British Museum, among which are 
 those of fossil heads of elephants from the Himalaya 
 Mountains. Around the room is arranged a specimen 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. 12o 
 
 of the fossil skeleton of the zeuglodon cetoides, sixty 
 feet long, of great antiquity. 
 
 There are other skeletons of the different kinds of 
 monkeys, and part of the skeleton, with the stnffed skin, 
 of a gorilla. 
 
 In the entry are slabs containing the fossil impressions 
 of gigantic birds, and of other large animals. The story 
 above contains the collections belonging, for the most 
 part, to Dr. J. Mason Warren, who is constantly adding 
 to them. They consist of large collections of crania 
 from all parts of the world, both human, and compara- 
 tive ; many specimens in papier mache, from Aiizoux, 
 of Paris ; a skeleton of the ornithorhyuchus paradoxus, 
 with the stuffed skins of the male and female. Here is, 
 also, the head, heart, and brain of the distinguished 
 Spurzheim, and a cast of his face, taken immediately 
 after death, by Dr. Winslow Lewis ; and an original pic- 
 ture of him, by Fisher. The interesting collection of 
 Peruvian miimmies and crania, brought by John H. 
 Blake, Esq., from ancient Peruvian cemeteries near 
 Arica, are deposited in this room. Some of these cra- 
 nia, with others in the collection, are described in the 
 valuable work of Dr. Daniel Wilson, on " Prehistoric 
 jNIan." In the smaller room is a collection of anatomi- 
 cal preparations, illustrative of healthy and morbid anat- 
 omy ; also the casts of the enormous eggs of tlie gigantic 
 
124 
 
 IJOSTON AND VICIMITY. 
 
 birds from New Zealand and Now Holland, — the epyor- 
 nis and the dinornis ; also many geological specimens of 
 interest. Dr. .J. Mason Warren is the president, and Mr. 
 J. Sullivan Warren is treasurer. 
 
 The museum is open to visitors on Thursdays, through- 
 out the year, from eleven, a.m., to four, p.m. 
 
 Tlie New City Jail is located on Charles Street, on 
 land reclaimed from the ocean, about one hundred feet 
 north of Cambridge Street, between that street and the 
 Medical College. 
 
 The Jail consists of a centre octagonal building having 1 
 four wings radiating from the centre. The main building 
 
 is seventy feet square, and eighty-five feet in height. It j 
 
 is but two stories high, the lower one of which contains ' 
 
HUSTON AND VICINITY. 125 
 
 the great kitchen, scullery, bakery, and laundry. The 
 upper story contains the great central guard and inspec- 
 tion room. This room is seventy feet square, and con- 
 tains the galleries and staircases connecting with the gal- 
 leries outside of tlio cells in the three wings. 
 
 The north, south, and east wings contain the cells, 
 and are constructed upon the " Auburn plan," being a 
 prison within a prison. The north and south wings each 
 measure eighty feet six inches in length, fifty-live feet in 
 width, and fifty-six feet in height. The east wing meas- 
 ures one hundred and sixty-four feet six inches in length, 
 fifty-five feet in width, and fifty-six feet in height above 
 the surface of the ground. The west wing measures fifty- 
 five feet in width, sixty-four feet in length, and of uniform 
 height with the three other wings, four stories in height, 
 the lower one of which contains the family kitchen and 
 scullery of the jailer. 
 
 The exterior of the structure is entirely of Quincy 
 granite, formed with split ashlar in courses, with cornices 
 and other projecting portions hammered or dressed ; the 
 remaining portions of the entire building, both inside and 
 outside, are of brick, iron, and stone, excepting the inte- 
 rior of the west wing, which is finished with wood. 
 
 The Eye and Ear Infirmary is situated on Charles 
 Street, a short distance south of Cambridge Bridge. The 
 building is of brick, and consists of a main building and 
 11 * 
 
120 UOSTON AND VICINHV. 
 
 two wings. The front of the principal building (which is 
 sixty-seven feet in length and forty-four feet deep) is em- 
 bellished by stone dressings to all the windows, doors, 
 cornices in the Italian style. The wings retire from the 
 front eleven feet, and are pei-fectly plain. In the base- 
 ment are the kitchen, wash room, laundry, refectory 
 wards, baths, store rooms, &c. In tlie first story in tliii 
 main building are rooms for the matron and committee, 
 and receiving and reading rooms ; in the wings are the 
 male wards, with operating, apothecary, and bath rooms. 
 In the second story are accommodations for the matron, 
 and private female wards. The building is provided with 
 a thorough system of ventilation, and the whole surrounded 
 by a spacious, airy ground, shut out from the street by a 
 high brick wall. This institution is intended exclusively 
 for the poor, and no fees are permitted to be taken. 
 
 In the rear of the Infirmary, and extending from the 
 west end of Cambridge Street to the opposite shore in 
 Cambridge, is Gumhridge Bridge, seeming (from a little 
 distance) like a huge cable confining Boston to the main 
 land. Tliis bridge was the second built over Charles 
 River, and the first bridge over which a horse railroad 
 left the city. To the original proprietors a toll was 
 granted for seventy years from the opening of the bridge, 
 which, together with the causeway, was estimated to have 
 cost twenty-three thousand pounds lawful money. 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 
 BACK BAY. 
 
 Towards the close of the last century, there extended 
 westward of Beacon Hill and the Common a cove, or 
 bay, which, when the tide was full, spread its breadth of 
 waters to the opposite upland. Into tliis basin flowed 
 the Charles River, and several smaller streams, of which 
 the most considerable were Muddy and Stony Brooks. 
 Owing its formation partly to these streams, and in part 
 to the tidal flow, much of it was shoal or marsh : but its 
 channels were navigable ; and previous to the erection of 
 Charles-river Bridge, in 1783, vessels of light draught 
 could pass up from the sea without obstruction. Its east- 
 erly boundary, south of Dover Street, reached the Rox- 
 bury Road ; farther north, its shores nearly corresponding 
 with the present line of Pleasant Street. Grants had 
 been earlier made by the town of lots on the Roxbury 
 Road, which carried with them riparian rights, under the 
 ordinance of 1641-1647, to flats extending one hundred 
 rods from the upland, unless Avhen abridged by conver- 
 ging lines in the cove, or by the channels : the town, as 
 
 127 
 
128 Ji(^STON AND VICINITY. 
 
 proprietor of the Common, under grant from Blackstone 
 for a training field, liad similar rights. 
 
 In tlie year 1794. an extensive conflagration destroyed 
 the ropewalks near the westerly declivity of Fort Hill ; 
 and six strips, fifty by eleven hundred feet each, of land 
 then flowed by the tide, but which, recently filled iu, 
 forms the larger part of the Public Garden, were granted 
 by the town for others to be erected. These, in 1806, 
 were also burnt and rebuilt ; again consumed iu 1819 ; 
 and the proprietors, after long negotiations, in 1824 re- 
 linquished, under an award, their rights to the city for 
 $54,000. While these buildings renuiined, the place was 
 a favorite resort for fishing and bathing, and similar en- 
 joyments for the younger portion of the inhabitants. 
 Outside the rope walks, and not far from the summer- 
 house, or centre of the pond, was a small elevation 
 known as Fox Hill, which, in the previous century, had 
 been occasionally used as the site for a Avindmill. 
 
 Sixty years ago, Uriah Cotting was in the full vigor 
 of his faculties, and these were all directed to the de- 
 velopment of the town. Improvements near Barton's 
 Point at its western extremity, at Wheeler's Point to- 
 Avards the south, India Wharf and Broad Street, were 
 the fruits of his ceaseless activity. When these projects 
 were accomplished, he turned his attention to the Back 
 Bay. In 1813, a charter had been granted for the con- 
 
BOSTOX AND VICINITY. 129 
 
 struQtion of the Westeru Avenue from the foot of Beacon 
 Street to Sewall's Point, in Brookline, with branches to 
 Brighton and Roxbury. T'le causeway was to be used 
 as a milldam, the ebb and flow of the tide furnishin"- 
 water-power for grist and other mill purposes. This was 
 not a novel idea in Boston, inasmuch as tide-mills for 
 grist, colors, and chocolate, had long existed on the mill- 
 pond, which had then recently yielded to the march of 
 improvement in that quarter, and been filled in. Cot- 
 ting, in 1818, issued an address recommending that the 
 causeway should be two hundred feet in width, with 
 house-lots on either side, as at present ; and that the full 
 basin should be placed on the Boston side of the bay. 
 
 Had this plan been adopted, a vast sheet of water, as 
 large as Jamaica Pond, would have spread from Charles 
 Street towards the west, and, connected with the sea 
 by gates open at liigh tide, its purity would have been 
 preserved. Around it would have risen palatial dwell- 
 ings and public edifices of stately splendor : the fash- 
 ionable quarter, with the development of wealth and 
 numbers, would have made more rapid strides towards 
 the opposite uplands, which, crowned with parks and 
 pleasure-grounds, would have afforded opportunity to all 
 classes for exercise and recreation. Tlie existing ar- 
 rangement has its advantages : it is more convenient, and 
 we have the Garden and greenhouse close at hand ; but, 
 
130 BOSTON AM) VICIXITV. 
 
 if this design had been carried out, neither the celebrated 
 Inner Allstcr of Hamburg, nor the Lagoons of Venice, 
 couhl have surpassed in beauty, cither at noonday or by 
 moonlight, tliis spacious water-park. 
 
 In 1821, on tlie second of July, the avenue was opened 
 for passengers ; and a cavalcade of citizens passed over 
 it in honor of the occasion. Although, when the sub- 
 scription-lists were opened, the stock had been taken in a 
 day, it never proved remunerative ; and the water-power 
 proved of far less value than had been anticipated. The 
 area of the receiving basin was about five hundred and 
 fifty acres ; that of the full basin, a hundred and ninety- 
 four acres, and various transfers were made from time 
 to time by the riparian owners and the corporations. In 
 1838, and again in 184G, leases were made to Horace 
 Gray and his associates, of that part of the Back Bay 
 which belonged to the city, as proprietor of the Common, 
 for a public garden. In 1848, the Legislature created a 
 commission to ascertain the rights and duties of the 
 Commonwealth in the bay. The Supreme Court having 
 decided that the fee of the land below the riparian rights 
 was in the State, measures were taken to turn it to ac- 
 count. The increased sewage which accumulated in the 
 empty basin tainting the air, and threatening the health 
 of the neighborhood, prepared the way lor excluding the 
 water, and filling it up. 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITV. 1;31 
 
 It admits of a grave doubt, the basin having been a 
 part of tlie sea, and, by common law, held by the State 
 in eminent domain for the purposes of navigation, whether 
 the Legislature could properly appropriate it for general 
 purposes. As a tidal reservoir, previously serving to 
 maintain the channels of the harbor at suitable depths, 
 when it ceased to be available for the other public objects 
 to which it had been appiopriated, it should have revert- 
 ed to its original use, and its proceeds, when sold, 
 applied to preserve the harbor from deterioration. Le- 
 gislative bodies are not apt to be scrupulous, and the 
 whole Commonwealth was admitted to participate in 
 what belonged to Boston Harbor. Another injustice was 
 wrought in depriving riparians of drainage without com- 
 pensatiou. The owners of lands on the empty basin had 
 been benefited in this respect, by the original stipulation 
 that the water should never be allowed to rise more than 
 three feet above the sluice-ways, or low tide ; and had 
 erected buildings at low grades in the expectation that 
 this arrangement was to be permanent. But, when the 
 sewage capacity of the basin became gradually dimin- 
 ished by filling up, their cellars were overflowed, and 
 their houses rendered unhealthy, and of little value. The 
 city treasury will probably be called upon to expend 
 large sums in i-aising this low territory to a better grade 
 for drainage ; and it is to be hoped that the Legislature, 
 
132 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 if it does not assume its liability to re-imburse the city 
 out of the proceeds of the lands, as it of right ought, 
 will modify the grade-laws so that owners of houses may 
 be compelled to contribute a reasonable proportion of the 
 additional value which may be added to their property by 
 the improvement, towards its cost. 
 
 After the respective rights of the proprietors in the 
 basin had been determined, preliminary steps were im- 
 mediately taken to prepare the territory for habitation. 
 The lines of ownership were in some instances re-adjusted ; 
 streets were laid out ; and a system of drainage adopted. 
 These were again from time to time modified, that the 
 streets might better connect with those of other sections 
 of the city ; and instead of the great sewer, at the outlet, 
 nine feet in diameter, through Dartmouth, formerly Ded- 
 ham Street, two of six feet were, in 1864, substituted 
 through Uartuioutii i\iid Berkeley Streets. As the rails 
 of the Providence and Worcester Railroads were, at some 
 points, of a less grade than six feet above low water (too 
 low for effective drainage for the lands belonging to the 
 Water-power Company east thereof), it was decided to 
 carry this sewage into the South Bay. The gravel and 
 earth for filling up the Commonwealth lands was brought 
 from near Cliarles River, in Necdham, by the Brookliue 
 branch of the Worcester Railroad. 
 
 The territory of the Connnonwealth westward of the 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. ]3;> 
 
 Garden comprised an area of about one hundred acres, 
 or four millions and a half of square feet. The pro- 
 ceeds were appropriated to the school-fund and other 
 educational purposes, including grants to some of the 
 colleges of the State. In 1860, the Natural-history So- 
 ciety and Technological Institute made an application 
 to the Legislature for a lot of laud for tiieir buildings ; 
 and about three acres, or a space of 240 by 548 square 
 feet, between Berkeley and Clarendon, Newbury and 
 Boylston Streets, was granted to them on certain condi- 
 tions. The portion of the two streets, viz. Boylston and 
 Newbury, abutting on this grant, now bears the name 
 of Berkeley Square. Two spacious edifices for their 
 accommodation have already been erected, and one of 
 them completed. These are very ornamental to the bay, 
 and Berkeley Square will one day be made exceedingly 
 attractive. Near by are other institutions, one of which 
 is for the education of young women of the Catholic 
 Church ; the other, an asylum for aged blacks. Several 
 Churches, the Unitarian on Arlington Street, the Imman- 
 uel on Newbury, the Berkeley Street, and Central Con- 
 gregational on Berkeley, are imposing structures. The 
 First Church Avill be at the corner of Newbury and Marl- 
 borough. Whoever has heard the musical chimes that 
 peal from the Arlington-church steeple must appreciate 
 how much they add to the sacred pleasures of the sab- 
 bath, as also to our festal occasions. 
 \2 
 
134 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 The sales already effected have agreeably disappointed 
 the most sanguine expectations. The aggregate, with 
 interest, made up to 18G6, is over two and a quarter 
 millions of dollars ; the cost of filling and preparing for 
 sale having been upwards of one million. Already about 
 twelve luindred thousand dollars liave been paid to the 
 education-fund, and to various colleges and institutions; 
 and every town in Massachusetts is indebted to these 
 lauds for aid in the education of its youth. The Com- 
 monwealth has still midisposed of 980,032 square feet; 
 and, remaining to be filled, 134,200 square feet, exclu- 
 sive of streets and passage-ways. 
 
 If we bear in mind that only ten years have elapsed 
 since the tripartite indenture was signed, and the Back 
 Bay appropriated to habitation, and but five since the first 
 dwelling-house was erected thereon, and that, during the 
 larger portion of that period, the country has been en- 
 gaged in a civil war of gigantic proportions, we cannot 
 but be struck with astonishment at what has already been 
 accomplished. Many dwellings have been already erect- 
 ed, and many more are in process of construction. The 
 tax-lists show already a valuation of three millions of 
 dollars on tiiis section between Tremont Street and tlie 
 Ciiarles-river basin ; and the buildings are costly and 
 elegant. 
 
 The principal street of the bay, Commonwealth Ave- 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY.* 135 
 
 • 
 
 nue, two hundred and forty feet in width, including the 
 central mall, extends fi'om the Garden in a westerly di- 
 rection, and in time, doubtless, will reach the Heights of 
 Brookliue. Ah-eady it has been decorated by a colossal 
 statue of white granite of Alexander Hamilton, by the 
 distinguished artist Rimmer, placed in the mall by our 
 munificent fellow-citizen, Thomas Lee, Esq. ; and this 
 magnificent thoroughfare will no doubt be further embel- 
 lished in time by other works of art, fountains, and for- 
 est-trees. Parallel with the avenue, towards the north, 
 are Marlborough and Beacon, towards the south, New- 
 bury and Boylston Streets ; while two large avenues, Co- 
 lumbus and Huntington, extending in a south-westerly 
 direction, form the main arteries of the Water-power 
 territory. The names of the streets running north and 
 south — Arlington, Berkeley, Clarendon, Dartmouth, and 
 Exeter, — follow an alphabetical progression which it is 
 proposed to continue as the residue of the State domain 
 is developed. Dartmouth Street, by legislative enact- 
 ment in 1866, was made a hundred feet wide. 
 
 The Board of Aldermen, in 1860, offered a pi-emium 
 for the best plan for the Public Garden ; and several were 
 submitted. That of G. W. Meachara was selected. The 
 area of the garden is twenty-four acres, three of whicii 
 arc appropriated to a lake of irregular but graceful form. 
 Originally, the level being much below that of the sur- 
 
l;)6 BOSTON AM> VlClXnV. 
 
 rounding streets, the land was filled up at an expense of 
 seventy thousand dollars. The greenhouse was removed 
 from its I'ormer position near Beacon Street, and the 
 Garden enclosed with an ii'on fence. It is thickly plant- 
 ed with flowers and sliruhs, aud abounds with fountains, 
 in one of which stands a statue of Venus, the gift of the 
 late John D. Bates, whose handsome mansion near by, 
 at the Corner of Arlington Street and Commonwealth 
 Aventie, was the first erected on tlie bay, having been 
 commenced in 1860, and completed ready for occupancy 
 in 18G3. 
 
 Dui-ing the dull and trying times in the early period 
 of the Rebellion, the commissioners were unable to dis- 
 pose of the lauds of the Commonwealth advantageously, 
 and called upon the Legislature for an issue of scrip to 
 carry on the work of filling. Two hundred and fifty 
 thousand dollars were appropriated ; of which the sum 
 of two hundred and twenty thousand dollars ouly was 
 used, and has been since returned to the treasury. 
 
 The good judgment of the commissioners in disposing 
 of the Commonwealth's lands is manifest from the fact 
 that the price received has generally been much- higher 
 than was anticipated. 
 
 The average value of the property of the Common- 
 wealth, as shown by the sales, has steadily advanced from 
 $1.17 in 1858, to over $2.80 per square foot in 1865. 
 
BOSTOK AMI) VICINITI'. 137 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 It is not necessary for our present purpose to present in detail the plans 
 adopted, or their modifications. For the benefit of wlioevcr desires more 
 exact information, refertuce is made to the following documents and deeds, 
 as also to acts and rcsihcs of the Legislature passed in relation to the 
 bay. 1. Charter of Bo-iOn and Roxbury Mill Corporation, June 14, 1S14. 
 2. Additional Act, Feb. 11, 1824. .3. Indentures between David Sears 
 and City of Boston, 1824. 4. Charter of Boston Water-power Company, 
 1824. 5. Indentures between City of Boston and Boston Water-power 
 Company, I)ei\ 2r>, 182<i, and Feb. 1, 1827. 6. Agreement City of Boston 
 and Edward Tuckermau and others, and Boston and Koxbury Mill Corpo- 
 ration, Dec. 2t), 182(); lib. ;J15, fol. 2/8. 7. Agreement between Boston and 
 Uo.Kbury Mill Corporation, Epiiraim Marsh and others, .Sept. 00, 182S; lib. 
 HJ8, fol.2 r. 8. Indi'nturo between David ."^ears and Roxbury, 18.'52. 9. Act 
 establishing boundaries between Boston and Roxbury, March 10, 18.'i(i. 
 li>. A 't authorizing I'.oston and Roxbury Mill Corporation to fill up loi) 
 (eet north of the Milldain, 184:!. 11. Act authorizing Boston and Roxbury 
 -Mill Corporation to extend a wharf at foot of Beacon Street, 1844. 12, 
 Release of AVater Power to Boston and Worcester Railroad, 1846. 13. Re- 
 solve of Legislature appointing Commissioners, May 10, 1848. 14. Report 
 of City Committee on drainage, Oct. 1, 1819. 15. Report of Commission to 
 Legislature, IS-W. 16. Report of Commissioners to Legislature, 1852. 17. 
 Act granting Boston Water Rower Company $275,000 increase of capital, 
 stipulating tolls shall cease on Milldam, May 1, 180."!, June, 1854. 18. In- 
 dentuie Commouwealth and Boston and Ro.xbuiy Dam Corporation, June 
 9, 1854; lib. Orio,fol. 149. 19. Indenture Commonwealth and Boston Water 
 Power Company June 9, 1854; 1 b. 005, fol. 14.5. 20. Indenture Common- 
 wealth and Boston Water Power Conipmy, So]>t. 26, 1854 21. Indenture 
 Commonwealth, Boston, and Boston Water PowerCompany, Dec. 11, 1856. 
 22. Release Commonwealth to City of Lands on Marlborough and Xevv- 
 bury Streets, on condition (hat strip on Arlington Street be added to Pub- 
 lic Garden. 23. Vote of city, dedicating strips on Arlington Streets to 
 Public Garden, It^Ou. 24. Report of City Commission on street sewage 
 and grade, Aug. 24, 1803; doc. 81. 25. Indenture of Commonwealth, City 
 of Boston, and Boston AVater-power Company, modifying indenture. 26. 
 Indenture between the Commissioners on Public Lands and the heirs of 
 David Sears, for the purpose of adjusting the line of ownership between 
 these parties. Dec. 1, 1865. 
 
 12* 
 
CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 CHAELES-RIVEK BASIN AND SOUTH BAY. 
 
 Between the Westeru Avenue aud tlie railroad 
 bridges whicli cross from Causeway Street is tlie Charles- 
 river Basiu, crossed by the West-Boston Bridge to Cam- 
 bridgeport, and Craigic's Bridge to East Cambridge. On 
 the other side of the Back Bay, between the city proper 
 aud South Boston, lies the .Soutli Bay. This formerly 
 comprised three hundred and sixty acres, but has been 
 reduced, by the extension of wharves aud solid filling, to 
 less than one-half that area. Vessels of light draught 
 can reach its upper end in Roxbury, the channel having 
 been recently deepened, [n 1848, a contract was made 
 for filling up twenty acres of flats belonging to the city, 
 to cost about ibur hundred thousand dollars. This con- 
 tract was modified in 1856, so that the cost, when com- 
 pleted in 1862, amounted to thrice that sum. It has 
 been in part sold lor dwellings ; and on its area have been 
 erected the City Hospital, and a large aud commodious 
 stable for the Health Department, where eighty horses 
 are kept for street purposes. 
 138 
 
BOSTON AXD VICINITV. 139 
 
 For many years, a waut had beea lelt lor auother gen- 
 eral hospital ; when, upon the recommendalioii of more 
 than one hundred of tlie faculty, the city council author- 
 ized its construction. From the public domain on the 
 South Bay, a site on Harrison Avenue, between Concord 
 and Springfield Streets, was selected, since extended to 
 the water, and comprising about eight acres, or 361,000 
 square feet. The work was commenced in the fall of 
 1861, and the buildings were open for the reception of 
 j)atients in June, 1864. These consist of a central edi- 
 fice for the administration, pay-patients, and surgical 
 operations ; two pa\ ilious connected therewith by corri- 
 dors, each containing three long wards, besides other 
 apartments ; another pavilion for separate treatment ; and 
 a long, low structure for a laundry, and steam apparatus 
 for warming and ventilating. On the water side of 
 Albany Street are other buildings for ditferent pur- 
 poses. 
 
 Both surgical and medical cases are treated ; chronic, 
 incurable, and contagious cases not coming, however, 
 Avithin the rules. The number which can be accommo- 
 dated is about two hundred ; but there is space for other 
 pavilions. Dr. Derby is the admitting physician ; L. A. 
 Cutler, Esq., the superintendent. The control is vested 
 ill a board of eiglit trustees, five of whom are members 
 of the city council, and three citizens at large. 
 
140 K(.)ST»>X AXI» VICINITV. 
 
 Opposite tlie City Hospital is the Catliolic Church uf 
 THE Immaculate Conception, one of the luiud^onicst 
 churches in the city. Adjoining to it is the Boston Col- 
 lege. On Washington Street, not far to the north, is to 
 be erected the cathedral. 
 
CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 THE MUSEUM OF THE BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HIS- 
 TORY. — TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE. 
 
 The Museum is situated upon Berkeley Street ; it is 
 a handsome structure of brick and freestone, having a 
 front of a hundred and five feet, and eighty feet high. 
 It is built in the chissic style of architecture, with Co- 
 rinthian pilasters and capitals: the foundation is of 
 heavy hammered granite, the first story, of freestone, 
 and the second and third of brick ; the trimmings and 
 external ornamental work are of freestone. Over the 
 main entrance is carved the seal of the society, with the 
 head of Cuvier ; and. on the keys of the windows are cut 
 the heads of various wild animals. The pediment is 
 surmounted by a carved wooden eagle. 
 
 From the spacious vestibule open the library, lecture- 
 hall, and other rooms. Around the sides of the vestibule 
 are exhibited the fossil footprints of animals from the quar- 
 ries of the Connecticut River. On the left of the vestibule 
 is the secretary's office, and a similar room in the rear ; 
 in the rear of the vestibule is the lecture-room ; on the 
 
 141 
 
142 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 right are the ethnological and botanical rooms, in the 
 former of which arc displayed the household utensils, gar- 
 ments, and weapons of different ancient and modern races 
 of men. Between these two apartments is a small loom 
 containing the microscopical collection of the late Pro- 
 fessor Bailey. The main hall is on the second floor, and 
 extends thence to the roof, being liglited principally from 
 al)Ove. It is forty by ninety feet, and sixty feet in height, 
 and is encircled by balconies connecting witli the floors 
 or balconies of the adjoining rooms. Opening from the 
 hall floor are two rooms on either side, each thirty feet 
 square. The eastern end of the hall, and the south room 
 at that end, are devoted to the departments of geology 
 and paleontology ; the corresponding room on the north 
 side contains the minerals. The entire western end, with 
 the adjoining rooms, is set apart for the bones and skele- 
 tons of different animals, and contains the finest series 
 of mounted skeletons in tlie country ; especially those of 
 the cat tribe, viz., the lion, leopard, lynx, &;c. In one 
 of the cases may be seen, side by side, the skeletons of a 
 European, a Hottentot, and a gorilla, and, at tlieir light, 
 orang-outangs, and the monkey-tribe. In other cases in 
 this department will be found well-mounted skeletons of 
 the wolf, hyena, jackal, bear, &c. ; squirrels of different 
 sorts ; also different breeds of dogs, and the three-toed 
 and two-toed, or American and African ostriches. Two 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. 143 
 
 larire cu.ses ure tilled with the skulls of difFereut races of 
 mtti. At the west end of the main hall, the skeleton of 
 an elephant is seen, accompanied on either side by a 
 moose and a horse ; at the other extremity, in the geo- 
 logical department, is placed a cast of the huge megathe- 
 rium, one of the largest of the extinct fossil animals 
 belonging to the sloth tribe : it is represented in the act 
 of feeding from the upper branches of a large oak-tree. 
 
 The cases of the first gallery suri'ounding the main 
 hall are devoted to birds and shells. 
 
 The cases of the second galleries are devoted to the 
 insects of New P^^ngland, and to reptiles and fishes, corals 
 and other radiata, crabs, lobsters, &c. 
 
 These collections have been brought together by the 
 energy and enthusiasm of the members of the society, 
 and its many friends throughout the State, from whom it 
 is receiving, and still hopes to receive, valuable accessions. 
 
 The library belonging to the society is composed of 
 works on natural history, and contains about eight 
 thousand volumes and pamphlets, many of them exquis- 
 itely illustrated works of great value. The society hold 
 semi-monthly meetings, have published sixteen octavo 
 volumes of Transactions, and number over four hundred 
 resident members. They own the building which they 
 occupy, which was completed in 1864, at the expense of 
 about a hundred thousand dollars, obtained by subscrip- 
 
144 BOSTON' AND VICINITY. 
 
 tion from tlie liberal citizens of Boston and vicinity, and 
 by tbe nuiniticent donations or bequests of distinguished 
 patrons of science. Tlie ground occupied by the society, 
 in connection with the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 
 nology, was ceded to them by a grant of the State of 
 Massachusetts. The Museum is open to the public every 
 "Wednesday and Saturday, from ten, a.m., to tive, p.m. 
 
 The Institutk was chartered in 1861. Its principal 
 object is the application of science to the useful arts ; 
 trainiug young men in the dilfereut branches of construc- 
 tion, engineering, chemistry, and metallurgy, and, by its 
 classical lectures and discussions, raising tiie standard of 
 all mechanical and industrial pursuits. It has already 
 organized classes, attended by nearly one hundred pupils. 
 As it is richly endowed, it will soon possess all the mod- 
 els, apparatus, and cabinets needed to illustrate the in- 
 struction it affords; and these must always prove an 
 interesting study to strangers in Boston. Its president 
 is AVilliam B. Rogers, to Avhose zeal in the work of pop- 
 ular education and practical science we are indebted for 
 its ibundation. 
 
 I 
 
CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 EDUCATION. NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 Of the thirty-live tlioiisanil children iu the city between 
 the ages of five and .sixteen, one-tenth are supposed to 
 attend private schools, and one-tenth not to attend any. 
 Of the twenty-eight thousand left, there are thirteen thon- 
 sai)d in the primary, and thirteen thousand in the gram- 
 mar schools; the sexes being nearly equally divided, 
 about oue-tifieentii in excess of half the whole number be- 
 ing females. These are instructed, in classes of about 
 sixty, by one hundred male and four hundred female 
 teachers, in al)out five hundred rooms. The school edi- 
 fices are conveniently distributed about the city ; there be- 
 ing ten school buildings for girls and as many for boys 
 in the grammar-schools, and thirty more for the primary. 
 Besides these, there are an English High School and a 
 Latin School, on Bedford Street, for preparing boys for 
 college or business ; and a High and Normal School for 
 gu-ls, in Mason Street, with a training-school attached in 
 Somerset Street, where i)upils of distinguished scholarship 
 in the grammar-schools are prepai-ed to become teachers. 
 13 145 
 
140 r.'i-r<>\ AM> \it iMjv. 
 
 The general cliariix' "of llie public iustruclioii ut' the 
 city is in tlio scliool-cominittt'e of seventy-two, six from 
 each ward, elected for three years, with alternate vacau- 
 (ios, who meet quarterly, or ofteuer, in the Common-coun- 
 cil f'hanibor. and. by their several sub-committees, super- 
 \ i.-c I lie schools. The superintiMidrnt of public schools, 
 Mr. J. D. riiilbrick, 1im> his ollice in the City Hull, and 
 has the general control under the committees. 
 
 Besides these schools, there are several boarding or day 
 schools for Catholic children whose parents prefer they 
 should be educated apart fiom the Protestants. The 
 principal Catholic Seminary is St. Mary's, on Endicott 
 Street. At the St. Vincent de Paul, there are three Inm- 
 dred children ; in Father llaskins's, four hundred ; and 
 about tw(j thousand more in diflerent schools. There are, 
 moreover, various asylums for orphans and indigent chil- 
 dren, having sclujcds of their own ; others where children 
 attend public schools in the neighborhood. The Farm 
 School, on Thompson's Island, is of the fornuT class; 
 but this and similar institutions will be more jjarticularly 
 described under the head of Charities. 
 
 On Harrison Avenue is a Jesuit Catholic Seminary, 
 called the Boston College; and, on Berkeley Street, u 
 school for adult imnde Catholics. 
 
 The Technological Institute is organizing various 
 classes for instruction in the uscfid arts. The School of 
 
 r 
 
r.oslON AMI NUIMTY. 147 
 
 Design teaches tlie nu'chauicul applicatiou of the fine 
 arts. Tiie Medical College, in Grove Street, has an at- 
 tendance ut' lour liuiulriMl pupils on its lectures ; and the 
 Female Medical College, in Rutland Street, has numer- 
 ous pupils. Tiicre are schools for poor adults in the AVar- 
 ren-strect Ciuipcl. 
 
 NEWSPAriiUS. — It is well known that Boston has the 
 honor of" the first newspaper on the continent : it was 
 called the Newsletter ; it was a small halt-sheet, first 
 puldished April 6, 1701. I)e<'. 21, 1711), James Frank- 
 lin, the hrother of tlie renowned philosopher and states- 
 man, issued the Boston (iazetle. On the 17th of August, 
 1721, the Courant followed; and March 20, 1727, tlie 
 New-England Weekly Journal, which was united with the 
 Gazette in 1741. In 1730, the Evening Post was first is- 
 sued, and continued down to 177."). The Boston Weekly 
 Post-boy, issued in 1734, was continued twenty-one years. 
 The Independent Atlvertiser, to which Samuel Adams 
 contributed, existed but two years, to wit, 1748 and 1741). 
 In 177.>, the Boston (j^azette and Country Joiuiial was 
 issued, and sustained till 17D8. In 17G7. the Boston 
 Chronicle appeared, the first paper published in New 
 England as often as twice a week. The C'olunil>ian Cen- 
 tinel was started in 1790, and was ably supported by the 
 best writers uf the day ; Iligginson, Lowell, Sullivan, 
 Adams, Jarvis, Austin, Ames, and many more, being at 
 that period constant contributors to the journal.-. 
 
148 HOSKfN AND \'J(;iXITV. 
 
 Early in the present century, the Ceutinel, Chronicle, 
 Repertory, and Democrat were the principal papers. 
 Later, the Daily Advertiser, edited by Nathan Hale, 
 uniting with the Chronicle, became one of our most re- 
 spectable prints. In 1830, the Boston Post and Atlas, 
 both daily papers, were the most active organs of the 
 opposing parties, the Democrats and Whigs. It is not 
 our purpose to enumerate all the papers which have at 
 different periods enjoyed a brief hold on popular regard, 
 but to direct attention to such as are now issued in this 
 city. The Advertiser, Journal, Traveller, and Transcript 
 are in their politics decidedly Republican ; the Herald 
 somewhat neutral ; the Post and Evening Commercial ad- 
 vocate strict adherence to the Constitution. Besides these 
 papers, issued daily, are the Saturday-Evening Gazette, 
 Express, Sunday Herald, Commonwealth, Voice, Volun- 
 teer, Bulletin, Journal of Music, Pilot, and others, ap- 
 pearing once a week. Besides these, the North-Ameri- 
 can Review, New-England Historical and Genealogical 
 Magazine, Atlantic Monthly, Young Folks, and other 
 periodicals, appear quarterly or monthly. Files of News 
 papers are to be found in the libraries of the Athenteum, 
 State, Massachusetts Historical, and New-England His- 
 toric-Genealogical Societies. 
 
CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 YOUNG men's christian ASSOCIATION. — AMERICAN CON- 
 gregational association. the general theolo- 
 gical library. 
 
 The Boston Young Men's Christian Association 
 occupies the whole front of Trcmont Temple, up one flight, 
 and is always free to young men and strangers, from 
 nine, a.m., to ten, p.m. It is divided into five apartments. 
 In the centi-e is a large, spacious room, used as the read- 
 ing-room, where may be found all the principal daily and 
 weekly papers, secular and religious, and all the periodi- 
 cals and magazines of the day. On the left is a room 
 devoted to the library of the Association, which numbers 
 upwards of three thousand five hundred good standard 
 works of history, biography, poetry, &c. 
 
 On the right of the reading-room is the committee- 
 room, occupied by the Bible-class every Saturday even- 
 ing, and daily used as a conversational room. Opening 
 from this is the cabinet-room of curiosities. 
 
 This Association liad its origin in a meeting of a 
 i'ew Christian young men, held Dec. 21, 1851, to consider 
 what should be done in this great city to shield the young 
 
 13* 1-19 
 
150 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 men and youth coming from the tender watch and care 
 of a loving mother, and the heaUhful influences of the 
 home fireside, into temptation and danger. It was final- 
 ly voted to form an association, which shoidd have for 
 its object the mental, moral, and spiritual well-being of 
 the young men and youth of our city. Providence 
 smiled upon the effort ; the churches seconded it ; the 
 young men and strangers welcomed it. Since its forma- 
 tion over six thousand five hundred young men have been 
 members of the Association ; and six thousand five hun- 
 dred more, we believe, have been equal recipients of its 
 benefits. Thousands upon thousands have been blessed 
 through its instrumentality. 
 
 For nine years, there has been a daily evening prayer- 
 meeting, from nine to ten o'clock, in the reading-room, 
 open to all ; and for eight years a daily prayer-meeting 
 on board the United-States receiving-ship " Ohio," sta- 
 tioned in our harbor, conducted by the members. 
 
 There is a committee of attendance on the sick in the 
 association ; a committee on employment, who assist 
 young men in procuring good situations ; a committee on 
 boai'ding-houses, who provide good boarding-places for 
 young men and strangers, by applying at the rooms ; 
 and a committee on Bible and tract distribution, who fur- 
 iiisli Bibles and tracts gratuitously to those who need. 
 
 This institution bore a noble part in the work of the 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. 151 
 
 United-States Christian Commission. Its members were 
 first and foremost in the formation of that Commission ; 
 and, through its army committee, this Association collect- 
 ed from the people of Boston, and other cities and vil- 
 lajrcs of New England, the noble sum of nearly $350,000 
 for the Commission ; also, 5,498 boxes and packages of 
 hospital-supplies, which were properly forwarded and 
 distributed. Eternity alone will reveal the results of 
 these labors. Make your sons and brothers members 
 of this Association when they first come to the city. 
 
 Mr. Rowland, the librarian, will make welcome any 
 who may visit the rooms, at Xo. 5, Tremont Temple. 
 
 The American Congregational Association has 
 rooms in its own building, No. 23, Chauncy Street. It 
 was formed in May, 1852, and has for its chief objects, 
 first, the gathering, and carefully arranging and preserv- 
 ing books, pamphlets, manuscripts, and other mementoes 
 of the founders of New Englnnd, Avhich illustrate their 
 principles and the church-polity which tliey established ; 
 and, secondly, to adjust these in a place which shall be- 
 come a congregational home, having a structure so 
 fitted, that, while its library treasures shall be perfectly 
 available to all who may desire the privilege, it shall, at 
 the same time, have the conveniences and attractions of 
 a congregational home, where the ministers and mem- 
 bership of the Congregational churches throughout the 
 
152 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 country may meet, and catdi the inspiration of the Pil- 
 grim and Puritan fathers, who, though dead, will there 
 speak. It is the intention of the Association, as soon 
 as their funds will admit, to erect a suitable fire-proof 
 building for the purposes above mentioned, which shall 
 be an ornament to the city. 
 
 The library thus far collected contains 5,689 bound 
 volumes, including duplicates ; and 37,895 pamphlets, 
 assorted and arranged by Rev. Isaac P. Latjgworthy, 
 corresponding secretary and librarian : it is open to all 
 for daily consultation. The visitor in Boston will find 
 much of curious interest to the scholar and historian on 
 the shelves of this Association. There is a larger collec- 
 tion of treatises upon the Congregational church-polity 
 found here, probably, than exists in any other public 
 library in the country. 
 
 The General Theological Librauy. — This insti- 
 tution was founded in the city of Boston on the 20th of 
 April, 1860 ; opened to the public in 1862 ; and incorpo- 
 rated in 1864. Its object is " to benefit all religious de- 
 nominations, and to promote the interests of religion, 
 and the increase of theological learning, by a public the- 
 ological library." There is nothing sectarian in its char- 
 acter, principles, or operations. 
 
 The library now contains nearly five thousand volumes, 
 and about eighty periodicals are regularly placed upon 
 
liOSTOX \yi> VICINITY. 153 
 
 the tables of the readiug-room. All but puix-ly reference- 
 books may be taken fiom the library. Per.sous re.sidiujr 
 witliiu ten miles of Boston can take ont two books at a 
 time, and retain them a fortnight ; if living beyond ten 
 miles, they can retain them for a month. In the case of 
 new books, a single volume is taken at a time, and is re- 
 tained only half as long as one that is not new. 
 
 The volumes are principally used by clergymen, sab- 
 bath-school teachers, authors, editors, theological stu- 
 dents, and members of congregations in New England, 
 of every denomination, and of both sexes. 
 
 The library and reading-room are situated at No, 41 
 Tremont Street, nearly opposite King's Chapel, in Bos- 
 ton ; and all persons are welcome as visitors every day 
 between the hours of eight, a.m., and six, p.m. 
 
 This is already one of the interesting institutions of 
 Boston, particularly to persons connected with the various 
 religious denominations. 
 
CHAPTER XX. 
 
 MOUNT-VERNON CHURCH. MISSIONARY HOUSE. — MASSA- 
 CHUSETTS SABBATH-SCHOOL SOCIETY. NEW-ENGLANP 
 
 METHODIST DEPOSITORY. — AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY. 
 
 AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY, NEW-ENGLAND BRANCH. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS BIBLE SOCIETY. 
 
 The Mount-Vernon Clnirch, in Ashburtoii Place, was 
 erected in 1843. The dinu'tisious of the building are 
 seventy-five feet by ninety-.-^evcn, containing a hundi-L-d 
 and thirty-two pews on the lower floor, and fifty in the 
 gallery, in which twelve hundred and seventy persons 
 may be comfortably seated. Tiie basement story con- 
 tains, besides the several committee-rooms, a commodi- 
 ous chapel, sixty-eight feet long by forty-eight feet wide, 
 and fifteen feet high, which accommodates six hundred 
 persons with seats. 
 
 The Rev. Edward N. Kirk, D.D., has been the pastor 
 of this religious society since its organization, June 
 1, 1842. 
 
 On account of tlie quit-t situation and eligible accom- 
 modations of this church, it was selected as the place 
 for the meetings of the National Congregational Coimcil, 
 
 154 
 
 I 
 
UOSTON AND VI(;:iXTTV, 
 
 155 
 
 which assemble! J„ne 14, 1865, and con.iaucd its ses- 
 sion ten .lays. The assembly was composed of five hun- 
 dred and nineteen clerical and lay delegates, representing 
 
 the Congregational Churches of the nation, more than 
 three thousand in nu».iber, scattered from the Atlantic to 
 
 ihe Pacilic coasts. lis 
 
 convocation is regarded as one 
 
156 
 
 BOSTON AM) \IC1M1V. 
 
 of the most importaut epochs in tlie history of Congre- 
 gationalisai which has occurred since the landiug of the 
 Pilgrim Fathers ou Plymouth Rock, which the couvoca- 
 tioa visited duriug their session. 
 
 The Missionary House, No. 33 Pembertou Square, 
 is ail object of interest to many who visit the city of 
 Boston. It was completed early in 1S39, aiul has since 
 
BOSTON ANI> VICINITY. 157 
 
 been occupied by tbe officers of the American Board of 
 Commissiouer.s for Foreign Missions. It cost about 
 twenty-three thousand dcjHars, and is admirably located 
 for the uses which it subserves. In the third story will 
 be found a cabinet of curiosities collected and sent home 
 by missionaries. 
 
 The society which erected this building was organized 
 in 1810; and as it is the oldest, so it is the largest of 
 the institutions of its class in the United States. It has 
 missions in China, India, Western Asia, Greece, South 
 Africa, West Africa, the Pacific Ocean, and among the 
 North-American Indians ; and its expenditures, some 
 years, have exceeded five hundred thousand dollars. The 
 men sustained by it have reduced some twenty-five lan- 
 guages to writing ; published books at presses owned by 
 the Board in nearly fifty different tongues ; made the 
 Bible accessible by their translations to many millions of 
 our race ; established schools wherever they have gone, 
 some of the highest grade as well as the lowest ; formed 
 Christian churches, which liave become centres of light 
 and truth in some of tlie darkest portions of the earth. 
 Its aims and operations are therefore manifold. It Chris- 
 tianizes and civilizes at the same time. Hence the ne- 
 cessity of that generous patronage which it receives. 
 
 Passing east from Pemberton Square, across Court 
 Street, diagonally, you come to Cornhill, so named from 
 14 
 
158 I'.(»8T0N AND VICINITY. 
 
 the old hook-marl in London, and a street equal!)' famous 
 iu the New Worhl for tlie number and variety of its 
 bookselliug, publishing, and printing eslablislimeut.s. In 
 this short street, connecting Court and Washington 
 Streets, and its imme<h'ate neighborhood, ai-e at least 
 thirty different establishments where printing, binding, 
 and publishing in various departments are extensively 
 carried on. Here are located the Tract, societies, with 
 their immense lists of publications ; and from hence are 
 sent out monthly scores of thousands of their periodicals. 
 Here are the Sabbalh-school Depositories of the Congre- 
 gulionalisis. Baptisls, Methcjdists, and Universalists. 
 Here are the headquarters of the Bible Society, Educa- 
 tion, Congregational Doaid of Publication, Home Mis- 
 sionary, Temperance, and oiIkm- public institutions. From 
 this little street, issue the weekly organs of the Cuugre- 
 cationalists. Methodists, and Universalists. And just 
 around this centre ai-e numerous printing establishments, 
 — among them one of the very largest and most com- 
 plete in New England, — binderies, type-fouuderies, and 
 stereotype estalili^hnients. This is the great mart for 
 Sunday-school literature of all kinds, and religious and 
 miscellaneous bo(jks, new and old. In short, it is the 
 Cornhill of Boston and New England. 
 
 At 13 Co'iihili may be found the rooms of the Mas- 
 SACiusmTS SAUBATii ScuoOL SociF.i V, a Store which 
 
BOSTON' AND VICIMTY. 159 
 
 has been occupied by them for more than a quarter of a 
 century. This society publishes a very hirge number of 
 attractive library and gift books for the young ; and also 
 ihe little paper called the "Well Spring, which we read 
 when we were many years younger than now, and which 
 has exerted a good influence upon the children for a geu- 
 21-ation. Rev. Asa BuUard has edited this paper since 
 its commencement ; its circidatiou is now about a hun- 
 :ired and eighty thousand per mouth. This society is 
 congregational, and publishes only books approved by a 
 :'ommittee of eight clergymen of this denomination ; it 
 circulates about $125,000 worth of books each year. Its 
 agent and treasurer is Moses II. Sargent. 
 
 The Congregational Boaid of Publication have their 
 headquarters at this place. The publications of the 
 Board are widely and favorably kuowu for their sterling 
 qualities and permanent interest. The treasurer is M. 
 H. Sai'gent, Esq. 
 
 New-England Methodist Depository, No. 5, Corn- 
 hill. — This is the agency of the Methodist Book Con- 
 cern, at New York. It is now the largest religious pub- 
 lishing house in the world. It was commenced in 1789, 
 on a borrowed capital of six hundred dollars. In 1836, 
 it had so increased its business that its capital stock was 
 valued at two luuidred and fifty thousand dollars. In 
 this year the whok' es'.ablishment was destroyed by fire. 
 
160 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 But it has risen from its ashes ; and, from the report of 
 the agents in 1864, we learn tliat it has two principal 
 establishments, — one in New York, and one in Cincin- 
 nati, — with an aggregate capital of $850,000. It has 
 seven depositories in our principal cities, of which Boston 
 is one. It employs four agents, who manage the busi- 
 ness ; twelve editors of its periodicals, and over five hun- 
 dred clerks and operatives. It puljlishes one Quarterly 
 Review, four Monthlies, one Semi-monthly, and ten Week- 
 lies, with an aggregate circulation of over 1,000,000 copies 
 per month. It publishes about oOO bound books, from a 
 folio Bible to the smallest size book. It also publishes 
 1,500 Sunday-school books, and about 900 tract publica- 
 tions in various tongues. 
 
 This Concern is the property of the Church, and is 
 managed by agents elected at each General Conference, 
 which meets quadrennially. Its profits are used entirely 
 for church purposes of a general character. 
 
 The agency at Boston occupies limited quarters at pres- 
 ent ; but it is in contemplation soon to erect a fine build- 
 ing, which shall accommodate the book business and the 
 Zion's Herald (the New-England Methodist paper), and 
 furnish headquarters for the denomination in New Eng- 
 land. The agent is Mr. James P. Magee. 
 
 The American Tkact Society, No. 28 Cornhill, was 
 organized at Boston, May 23, 1814. Some incipient 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. 161 
 
 measures leadiug to it luid been adopted in the autumn 
 preceding. The first publications of the society were 
 mostly reprints of the best tracts of the English and 
 Scotch societies. During the first eleven years, the 
 whole number published was 1 77 twelve mos, and 18 
 twenty-four mos, the latter being tracts for the young. 
 Of both series, 5.140,000 copies had been printed. The 
 Christian Almanac was begun in 1821, the first num- 
 ber of which Avas prepared by Rev. Rufus Anderson, 
 D.D. This society early gained a strong hold on the 
 affections of the Christian public throughout the land, 
 and speedily received contributions to its funds from nearly 
 every State. The object of the society is " to promote 
 the interests of vital godliness and good morals, by the 
 distribution of such books and tracts as may be calcu- 
 lated to receive the approbation of Christians of all 
 denominations usually termed evangelical." 
 
 The society has at present regular business connec- 
 tions with publishers and booksellers in most of the 
 principal cities iu the country ; and enjoys, through the 
 enterprise and liberality of these houses, facilities for 
 obtaining a very wide circulation of its publications. 
 
 Its position before the country and the world is known 
 as the promoter of an evangelical Christian literature, 
 adapted to the wants of the times, and imbued with the 
 spirit of loyalty to our country, and fidelity to the rights 
 of man. 14 * 
 
162 boston and vicinity. 
 
 American Tract Society, New-England Branch, 
 No. 40 Cornliill, Boston. Tliis house is a branch of the 
 American Tract Society, whose headquarters are at New 
 York. Its business is chiefly with New England and 
 the British Provinces. The national society publish 
 an immense number of books and tracts yeai'ly, and 
 issue volumes and cheap publications in no less than 
 140 languages. It also publishes the American Messen- 
 ger, which has a total circulation of about IGO.OOO copies 
 monthly, of which 20,000 are sent from the depository 
 in Boston. The child's paper is also published by this 
 society ; the circvdation is about 300,000 copies, of which 
 28,000 are distributed in New England and the Prov- 
 inces. The Family Christian Almanac has been pub- 
 lished regularly for the past forty years, and about 
 100,000 copies are sold yeai'ly. 
 
 The society has now on its catalogue nearly 700 dis- 
 tinct English tracts, and over 700 bound volumes, vary- 
 ing in size from the miniature Dew-Drop, a 128 mo, 
 to the Family Bible, an octavo of 1,000 pages, many of 
 which are beautifully illustrated. Mr. N. P. Kemp, the 
 agent of tlie society for New Ii^nglaud, is widely and 
 favorably known on account of the active interest he has 
 always manifested in behalf of the Sabbath-school cause ; 
 he is a veteran in the Tract Society's service, having been 
 connecti'(l with it for a period of nearly twenty years. 
 
I50.ST()X AM> VICIMTV. 16o 
 
 Massachusetts Bible Society, No. 15 Cornhill. — 
 This society was incorporated Feb. 15, 1810. During 
 the year 1865, the number of volumes issued from its 
 depository was 40,777; of which 12,691 were Bibles; 
 15,436, Testaments ; 6,041, Testaments with the Psalms ; 
 and the remainder were smaller portions of the Scrip- 
 tures. The gratuitous circulation amounted to 10,526 
 volumes, costing $3,811.50. 
 
 The income of the society, including a balance on 
 hand at the beginning of the year 1865 of $2,253.48, 
 and $5,000 from invested funds, has been $36,769.13. 
 
 The American Education Society, No. 15 Corn- 
 hill, lias for its object the education of pious young men 
 for the gospel ministry. It was organized Dec. 7, 1815, 
 and incorporated in 1816. "The Avork of the society 
 rests back upon that grand apostolic principle, ' How 
 shall they hear without a preacher? and how shall they 
 preach except they be sent? ' " Rev. Increase N. Tarbox 
 is secretary of the society. 
 
 Nearly all of the societies mentioned in this chapter 
 hold their annual meetings in May. The anniversary 
 or public meetings of the most of them being held in 
 Ti-emont Temple, which on these occasions is generally 
 filled with attentive and delighted audiences. 
 
 There arc other societies which deserve notice ; as 
 The Boston Seaman's Friend Society, Alpheus Hardy, 
 
164 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 president, Thomas D. Quincy, treasurer, No. 40 Com- 
 mercial Street. 
 
 The society, in the year 1865, furnished a hundred 
 and forty libraries to ships' companies. Among those 
 interested in the "welfare of sailors, as their untiring 
 friend, Capt. Bartlett will be long remembered. 
 
 At the Mariners' Church, corner of Summer and Fed- 
 eral Streets, the regular ministrations of the gospel are 
 attended on the Sabbath. In connection with this ser- 
 vice, there is a Bible class for seamen, conducted by the 
 chaplain, Rev. J. M. H. Dow. There is also a Sabbath 
 school, numbering about a hundred scholars. 
 
 At the Sailors' Home, Xo. 99 Purchase Street, there 
 were received as boarders, between May, 1865, and May, 
 1866, over seventeen hundred seamen, seventy-four of 
 whom had been shipwrecked, and were destitute. 
 
 The Boston Port Society, Rev. E. T. Taylor, chaplain, 
 Charles H. Parker, treasurer, is at No. SOTremont Street. 
 
 The Baptist Bethel, corner of Hanover and North Ben- 
 nett Streets. Rev. Phinehas Stowe, cliaplain, began in 
 1840, with fourteen members. It now numbers 354, 
 and is in a highly flourishing condition. 
 
 The Mariners' Exchange, incorporated in 1864, is on 
 the corner of Lewis and Commercial Streets : Rev. Phin- 
 ehas Stowe is president, and Rev. E. M. Buyin, chap- 
 lain. It is doing an important service for seamen. 
 
UOSTOX AXn AHINln. ](;,") 
 
 Tlse Boston Episcopal Mission ior Seanxni. Rev. John 
 T. Burrill, rector, has been instrumental to a \ery giati- 
 fyincr extent in nieetinjj: the sailors' spiritual necessities, 
 and in piovidin,':' tor their temporal wants. Services are 
 held at the chapel ev-eiy Simday, both in the morning 
 and evening : theie is also a weekly prayer-meeting. 
 
 P^ree Chiu'ch of St. iMary's, Rev. J. P. Robinson, rec- 
 tor. Sunday service : morning prayer and service at 
 quarter-past ten, a.m. ; evening prayer and sermon at 
 hali-past seven, p.m. ; and an evening prayer and lecture 
 on Fridav evening. Sunday school : two sessions, begin- 
 ning at nine, a.m., and half-past two, p.m. The Sunday 
 school coutituies to enjoy its wonted prosperity, under ex- 
 cellent and otricient teachers. 
 
 Shipwrecked and destitute seamen have ever found 
 sympathy and aid in St. Mary's. The ladies of the Sail- 
 oi's' Aid Socieiy have by their efforts enabled the rector 
 to assist many persons and families. 
 
 The American Unitarian Association was organized 
 in 1824, and incorporated in 1847. The rooms of the as- 
 sociation and depository are at No. 26 Chauncy Street. 
 The Hon. John G. Palfrey is president. 
 
CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 HORTICULTURAL BUILDING. — GREAT ORGAN. 
 
 This elegant edifice, the Homestead of the Massachu- 
 setts Hoi-ticnhiiral Society, is h)cated on Tremout Street, 
 between Brouiiiehl Street and Montgomery Phice, nearly 
 opposite the Tremout Honsc. It is built of Concord 
 
 166 
 
BOSTON AND VJCIXITV. 1G7 
 
 grauite, with a front of fifty-five feet on Tremont Street, 
 extending on Bromfield Street ninety feet : it is tlivee 
 stories high, and is an ornament to that part of the city. 
 Its style is tlie Renaissance, a pecnliar style of decoration 
 revived by Raphael in the pontificate of Leo X., re- 
 sulting from, but freer than, the antique : popular in Eu- 
 rope, and becoming so in this country. The front <a(;ade 
 is separated into three divisions, and is imposing. The 
 centre is decorated with an order of coupled columns, 
 repeated in pilasters beliind, and carried through the 
 three stories ; Doric in the first, Ionic in the second, and 
 Corinthian in the third. The wdiole facade is crowned 
 by a rich composed cornice, surmounted by a central 
 attic, as a pedestal for a handsome figure of Ceres cut in 
 white granite, from the celebrated antique in the Vatican 
 at Rome. The front angles are decorated with project- 
 ing piers, forming bases at the top of the first story for 
 figures of Pomona and Flora. 
 
 The first story consists of stores, two fronting on Tre- 
 mont Street, and the remaining four on Bromfield Street. 
 The front staircase, ten feet in width, with marble steps, 
 is carried up between the two stores on Tremont Street. 
 Ascending the staircase, the second story is reached, 
 which contains one of the exhibition-halls, fifty-one by 
 fifty-seven feet, spanning the width of the building, and 
 lighted bv three larae windows on each side. Besides 
 
168 UOi'lON AN1» VICINITY. 
 
 this hall, there ai'e four large apartmeuts to the west of 
 it ; two for the library, and two for the offices of the su- 
 perintendent and treasurer. The height of the rooms is 
 seventeen feet in the clear. The third story is devoted 
 to the principal exhibition-hall, which occupies nearly 
 its whole length, and is seventy-seven feet nine inches 
 long, fifty feet six inches wide, and twenty-six feet high. 
 It has a stage recess of about ten by twenty-four feet, in 
 the rear of which is a lobby, eleven by twenty-five feet, 
 over which is a gallery the whole width of the hall. 
 
 The halls are finished and decorated in a style uniform 
 with the exterior. The lower one has Ionic pilasters, 
 and tiie ceiling and walls are panelled and ornamented 
 with mouldings and drops. The upper hall has a beau- 
 tiful coved ceiling, resting on a n^odillioned Ionic cornice, 
 supported on enriched pilasters. The doorways are 
 ornamented with rich architraves and pedimented heads. 
 The hall is a very attractive one for lectures or concerts, 
 and its beauty and location will doubtless cause it to be 
 much in demand. The building was designed by G. J. 
 F. Bryant, and Arthur Gilmau. 
 
 Washburn & Co., occupying one of the stores on the 
 first story of this new Horticultural Building, have just 
 issued " The Amateur Cultivator's Guide to the Flower 
 and Kitchen Garden," which is really tlie most elegant 
 and attractivf book of tlie kind we have vet seen. It cou- 
 
15(t»'r<)X AM> VKIMTV. . 1^9 
 
 tains over fifty illustriitioiis, with 128 pages of descriptive 
 matter, with lists of prices of both seeds and plants, and 
 will be sent to any part of the United States or Canada 
 on the receipt of only twenty-five cents. 
 
 The Great Organ in the Music Hall, Winter Street, 
 may truly be oalU-d one of the cliief attractions of 
 Boston. It was inaugurated on Monday evening. Nov. 
 2, 1863, and cost above fifty thousand dollars. 
 
 " In gazing upon the grand case of the instrument, or 
 the organ-house (orgd-r/chause^^ as the Germans call it, 
 the first impression is that of perfect symmetry and har- 
 mony, both in its component parts and its relations to the 
 hall. The structure may be generally divided into tAvo 
 grand parts ; the upper portion containing the pipes, and 
 the lower portion, or base, supporting the many columns. 
 The facade, Avhich is about fifty feet wide, sliows four 
 grand towers, two of which are circular, and stand bold- 
 ly out from the centre, coming forward eighteen feet 
 upon the stage, the wings falling towards two smaller 
 and square towers." In height, from platform to the 
 summit of the tower, it measures sixty feet. 
 
 '' The breath of this mighty instrument is furnished 
 by twelve pairs of bellows, which are operated by water- 
 power." 
 
 The organ is played by a competent performer, Wednes- 
 days and Saturdays, from twelve, M., to one, p.m. 
 15 
 
'-'/■■•£SofiV& V'liiii/rr .'; ' 
 
CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 new-england historic-genealogical society. sons 
 
 of temperance. — washingtonian home. — home 
 vor little wanderers. 
 
 The New-England Historic-Genealogical Soci- 
 ety. — This society was incorporated March 18, 1845. 
 At the close of the first year, it Avas composed of thirty- 
 seven members, most of whom were among our first cit- 
 izens. It has increased gradually, and now consists of 
 four hundred. The late Charles Ewer, Esq., one of the 
 five originators, was the first president. They hold their 
 meetings in a fine, spacious room, at No. 13 Bromfield 
 Sti-eet, which is generally open from nine, a.m., till the 
 evening. 
 
 The society principally depends on a regular annual 
 assessment for defraying its incidental expenses ; and on 
 donations for its books, documents, &c. It has met with a 
 most liberal encouragement ; and although it commenced 
 with a few rare and antique works and neglected pam- 
 phlets, yet at the monthly meeting, Oct. 3, 1866, the 
 
 171 
 
172 noSToX ANJ) VKINITV. 
 
 librarian reported 0,786 bound volumes, and 2o,'^42 
 pamphlets of various kinds belonging to the library. 
 Among these are twenty bound volumes of the Direct 
 Tax, 1798, for Massachusetts, precious for the certaiutv 
 of facts concerning our citizens and their estates at that 
 time; also 170 volumes of family genealogy ; and 159 
 town histories, which are next in value as it regards an- 
 cestry, Rymer's Focdera, in nineteen folio volumes, and 
 a fine selection of works on heraldry, might be named ; 
 also a curious old manuscript volume in parchment, beau- 
 tifully executed, of chants, the musical notes in square, or 
 angular forms, — a choral work iVom a Florence monas- 
 tery. There are a few a it ides for the nucleus of a mu- 
 seum, such as a piece of a statue from the Greek temple 
 of Bacchus, in Candia, overthrown by an earthquake six 
 hundred years before Christ, ])resented to the society by 
 G. Mouutfort, Esq., United-States Consul ; also a frag- 
 ment of the timber of an ancient ship, discovered on the 
 eastern shore of Cape Cod, supposed to have been buried 
 in the sands for more than two centuries, of which au 
 account may be seen in the New-England Historic and 
 Genealogical Register. 
 
 Membership is obtained upon a written nomination of 
 the candidate by some member of the society ; and after 
 an election the acceptance must be in writing, wherein 
 some notice of his descent is requested, when conve- 
 
UO^^iOX AM) VICIMTV. ] 7^ 
 
 nient. Ou the deatli of a member, his character is no- 
 ticed by the historiographer at the monthly meeting, and 
 a more or less extended account of liis life is given. From 
 this department, which has been conducted with much 
 research and ability, they are supplied with many valua- 
 ble pieces of biography dear to friends, and nowhere else 
 to be found out of the archives. 
 
 The publication of the New-Euglaud Historic and 
 Genealogical Register, under the auspices of this societv, 
 is in itself a lasting monument of their success and use- 
 fulness. It is a vast reservoir of historical and genea- 
 logical facts touching New England, and this year will 
 complete twenty volumes. 
 
 Sons of Tempehance. — Few strangers visit Boston 
 who are not members of some of the affiliated societies 
 of the present day. From the masonic institution, or 
 rather in consequence of it, numerous other societies, 
 based on principles similar to theirs, but having some 
 specific object to which their attention was more partic- 
 ularly given, have been organized. Two among these, 
 the Odd Fellows, with their system of weekly benefits to 
 sick members, and the Sons of Temperance, making 
 the total-abstinence pledge their prominent feature, have 
 become tlie most numerous ; and few cities or large towns 
 in the United States are without a Division of Sous of 
 
 Temperance. Ladies are admitted to their meetings, but 
 15* 
 
174 BOSTON AND VICINITV. 
 
 are not couuted as members. lu this city, they are quite 
 numerous, luiviug in their conuection about two tliousand 
 members, ami a hirgcr number of ladies ; while there 
 are more than ten thousand members in the State of 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 Active exertions are being made by them at the pres- 
 ent time to build for their use a hall worthy of the gi-eat 
 cause they are banded together to j)ei'petuate ; and we 
 hope before many years to present to our leaders au en- 
 graving of a building devoted to their uses, which will 
 be an ornament to our city. The names of tho.-^e earnest 
 in this matter, and active in promoting flie interests of 
 this order, are a guaranty that wliat is done will be well 
 done. Their principal officers for the preseut yeai- are, 
 Isaac W. May, G. W. P. ; Samuel W. Hodges, G. Scribe; 
 
 The AVashingtonian Home, which is represented on 
 the following page, is located at No. 887 Washington 
 Street, near the corner of Dover Street. It was origi- 
 nally organized Nov. 5, 1857, and incorporated March 
 liG, 18o9. It is an asylum for inebriates, and for those 
 unfortunates who require some extraneous assistance to 
 enable them to break the ties with whic-h the appetite for 
 stimulants has bound them; and is conducted on a prin- 
 ciple peculiar to itseli. 
 
 It was oi-iginally started by a few philaulhropic and 
 con-iderate men. w liu thought this class, so susceptible 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY, 
 
 175 
 
 to temptation, needed proper seclusion until the immedi- 
 ate effects of stimulants could be removed, and after- 
 wards sncli care and influences as Avould appeal to the 
 higher and nobler motives of their nature to complete 
 
 the work of reformation. It commenced in a most hum- 
 ble way, with very small resources and limited accom- 
 modations ; but such was the success attendinjj it fVom 
 its commencement, that it has been obliged to change its 
 
176 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 location for more extensive accommodations three times 
 rt'itliin the first six years of its existence ; and aheady 
 finds its present bnilding insufficient to accommodate the 
 increasing number of its patients, of which it has ahx-ady 
 had very many, principally from Boston and otiier parts 
 of the State, but includiug a hirge number from almost 
 all the other States, and the Britisii Provinces. A very 
 large proportion of its graduates are now regarded as 
 thoroughly leformed men. 
 
 Patients arc expected to pay in proportion to their 
 ability, and the accommodations enjoyed. An armnal 
 sum is appr()i)ri;ited by the Legislature, which is em- 
 ployed in the support of a certain number of free patients, 
 who, however, must be residents of Massachusetts. 
 
 Confinement is not resorted to, except in extreme cases ; 
 and it is the aim of the conductors of the institution to 
 render a residence within it agreeable, by surrounding 
 the patient, as far as possible, with the comforts and en- 
 joyments of a home. The gentlemen who have so far 
 conducted the institution have every reason to believe, 
 from the success attending it, that the metho<l they have 
 adopted is the best, if not the only true, method for deal- 
 ing Avith this large and unfortunate class. 
 
 Much of its success is owing to the affection enter- 
 tained for the Home by those who have been benefited 
 by it, and to their enthusiastic efforts in its behalf; and 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. 177 
 
 much also to the uuwearied labors of its intelliijent and 
 Christian superintendent, Dr. Albert Day, wlio.sc name 
 is inseparably identified with the most successful attempts 
 at the reformation of the inebriate. 
 
 Baldwin-Place Hojie for Little Wanderers. — 
 This institution was incorporated March 2i, 18G5. It is 
 in every sense an outgrowth of Christian charity. Ten 
 good men felt that something must be done for the perish- 
 ing poor children of the city. They found, upon exami- 
 nation, that thousands of them were growing up in utter 
 destitution and ignorance, and that more than fifteen hun- 
 dred were annually carted off to the prisons of the city. 
 These facts were of fearful significance, showing the use- 
 lessness of endeavoring to reform adult criminals while 
 their ranks were so largely recruited each year from the 
 neglected little ones of the streets. Hitherto strangers to 
 each other, but impelled by a common impulse, these 
 gentlemen came together. Their deliberations resulted 
 in the giving of fifty thousand dollars. With this amount 
 a building was purchased, and, through the generous co- 
 operation of the churches, fitted up and furnished. The 
 preamble to its constitution details specifically the rea- 
 sons for organizing, and the beneficent objects they had 
 in view. Ouc object was tliat of placing homeless chil- 
 dren in homes. In less than one year after its ori-aniza- 
 lion, it secr.red homes for over three hundred ; and very 
 
178 BOSTOX AND VICINITY. 
 
 nearly one-halt" thus locatefl have thus far been received 
 from cities and villages outside of Boston. The insti- 
 tution is therefore not local iu its operations : it invites 
 homeless chihh-eu from all New England 
 
 It was i'elt also that no creed should be stamped upon 
 its charities ; hence five leading denominations of Chris- 
 tians are represented on its board of managers ; and such 
 are its provisions, that no one denomination can ever ob- 
 tain other than its proportionate power in the manage- 
 ment of the institution. The public has therefore the 
 guaranty that its offerings will be judiciously expended, 
 "without reference to color, nationality, or creed. 
 
 The first anniversary of tliis institution was held May 
 22, 1866. From the annual report presented on that 
 occasion, we learn that over seven hundred destitute chil- 
 dren were received, clothed, fed, and otherwise cared for, 
 during the yeai-. Its work is divided into three depart- 
 ments. 
 
 1st, Every homeless child is provided with a carefully 
 selected Christian home, no matter where the child comes 
 from. In regard to the homes provided, it may be added 
 that children arc not put in them as servants. Everj'' 
 person who takes one is compelled to treat it as a mem- 
 ber of his family, bring it up to some useful occupation, 
 and give it the advantages of a good common school edu- 
 cation. Tli(>n. in the neighborhood where they ai'e 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. 179 
 
 located, agents are appointed to look after them, and see 
 that they are cared for, and make changes when they 
 become necessary. 
 
 2d, A large class of poor but worthy mothei-s are 
 made beggars by their little children. They cannot take 
 them when they go to seek or do Avork ; nor leave them 
 at home, because they have no one to care for them. To 
 benefit this class, the institution has opened a large nurs- 
 ery, where the mother may leave hor little ones during 
 the day, go out and do her day's work, and obtain them 
 again at night. Much suffering is prevented, and great 
 good is being done, in this way. 
 
 3d, There are thousands of children in the city who 
 cannot go to the public schools. Their rags and poverty 
 shut them out. They are unable to pay for an educa- 
 tion ; and such is their poverty, that they cannot avail 
 themselves of a gratis one. The institution is gathering 
 in this class of children, giving them food and clothing, 
 and, with the bread of charity, giving them also food for 
 the mind. 
 
 Various religious meetings are also held in the insti- 
 tution, to which the poor of the city are urged to come. 
 Among others is a prayer-meeting for poor mothers, 
 under the management of the matron, Mrs. Harriet N. 
 Plummer. 
 
 Rev. R. G. Soles is the superintendent. 
 
CHAPTER XXIII. 
 
 BOSTON HOTELS. — CHARITIES. — FIRE-TELEGRAPH. 
 
 An interesting subject of inquiry to the traveller, as he 
 approaches a strange city, is, at ■what house of entertain- 
 ment he shall stop. When after his arrival, rested and 
 refreshed, he moves through its apartments in ineffectual 
 search of occupation for Iiis mind (for neither our hotels 
 nor our railway stations are made too cheerful or attract- 
 ive), his imagination recurs to the probable experiences 
 of parents, kindred, or friends wlio may have been in 
 the place before him. It would be a difficult task, out 
 of the materials we possess, to pi-esent any complete his- 
 torical sketch of the inns and ordinaries of Boston in 
 early, or even more recent days ; but a few of those of 
 most note deserve some mention. 
 
 Mr. Drake tells us, that in 1634, Samxiel Cole opened 
 the first tavern. It was situated on the west side of Mer- 
 chants' Row, about midway between Dock Square and 
 State, then King Street. OHiers soon followed ; and we 
 find fi'equent allusion made before 1700, to the State 
 Arms in King Street, corner of what is now Exchange 
 
 180 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. 181 
 
 Street ; Ship, in Aun Street, 1666 ; King's Arms, kept 
 by Thomas Veuner, on Fore Street; King's Ilciul, 1691, 
 Scarlett's Whai'f, near Fleet Street ; Red Liun, near 
 Richmond Street, lGGG-1766; Castle, 1G75-1G'J3, on 
 Mackerel Lane, now Congress Street ; and the Green- 
 dragon Tavern, on Union Street, 160G-1824. 
 
 After 1700, wc I'md the Blue Anchor; Star, in Hano- 
 ver Sti'eet ; Swan, 1708 ; Queen's Head, 1732, near Fleet 
 Street ; the Bight of Logan, now " Bite," on Dock 
 Square ; Cross, corner of Cross and Aun Streets, 1732 ; 
 Crown Coffee House, foot of King Street, 1724 ; Bimch 
 of Grapes, 1724, King, corner of Kilby Street ; Royal 
 Exchange, King, corner of Exchange Street, 1727 ; Ad- 
 miral Vernon, 1743-1745, corner of King Street and 
 Merchants' Row; Red Cross, 1746; Salutation, 1731, 
 on Ship Street, so called from its sign of two men, in 
 the fashionable dress of the times, meeting, and shaking 
 hands ; British Coffee House, King Street, above Mer- 
 chants' Row; Cromwell's Head, 1760, School Street; 
 King's Arms, or George's Tavern, on the Neck, near 
 Roxbury line, where the General Court sate in 1721 ; 
 Holland's, corner of Howard Street, aiterwards Pembcr- 
 ton House; Swan, Cornhill, 1755; White Horse, Hay- 
 ward Place, 1724-1760 ; Three Horse Shoes, near Com- 
 mon Street, 1744-1775; Swan, South End, 1784; In- 
 dian Queen, Bromfield Street, and Golden Ball. 
 16 
 
182 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 Of the above, the State Arms, King Street, in 1653, 
 was noted as the place where the magistrates used to re- 
 sort. The ship, corner of Chirk and Ann .Streets, was 
 kept by Vials in 1666 ; and tliere, on the evening of 
 the 18th of January of that year. Sir Robert Carr, the 
 royal commissioner, made merry with his friends. It 
 was Saturday evening, and by the laws of that period a 
 part of tlie Sabbath ; and carousing there at such a time 
 was a penal offence. Being arrested by Arthur Mason, 
 constable, he remonstrated at so great an indignity to the 
 king's representative ; but Mason replied tliat lie should 
 have arrested the king himself had he been there, and 
 broken the law. About seven o'clock, Sept. 5, 1769, the 
 patriot James Otis, who had posted the commissioners 
 of customs for some similar affront to himself, entered 
 the British Coffee House, standing on King Street, on 
 the site of the Massacliusetts Bank, where Robinson, 
 one of the commissioners, was sitting in company with a 
 number of army, navy, and revenue officers. An alter- 
 cation took place ; blows were interchanged, and Mr. 
 Otis was seriously injured by a blow on the head with a 
 brass candlestick, from the effects of which he never 
 completely recovered. The Royal Exchange, on a por- 
 tion of the site of the Merchants' Bank, was long among 
 the most prominent of the taverns ; and auction-sales 
 and business-meetings often took place there. Near the 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. 183 
 
 market was the Roebuck Inn. The house of most his- 
 torical interest, from having been the headquarters and 
 place of most frequent resort of the Liberty Boys in the 
 troublous times preceding the Revolution, was the Green- 
 dragon Tavern, on Union Street, for a long period owned 
 by St. Andrew's Lodge of Freemasons, to whom the es- 
 tate still belongs. 
 
 For a long period after the town was settled, strangers 
 arrived for the most part b_y sea ; and the inns were near 
 the Avater. But, as the population increased, the roads 
 Avere more travelled ; and, about the middle of the last 
 centiuy, public conveyances came in vogue. With them 
 sprang up such taverns as are still found in country 
 places. The Eastern-stage House, on Ann Street, be- 
 tween Cross and Centre Streets, the Elm-street House, 
 City Tavern on Brattle Street, Earl's on Hanover Street, 
 were all famous in their day for fine teams of horses and 
 merry drivers ; none surpassing in speed or pleasantry 
 whips who averaged ten miles an hour on the Portsmouth 
 Road. 
 
 The French Revolution brought to Boston its share of 
 emigres^ and likewise a taste for French cooking ; and, 
 early in the present centuiy, Julien established a cele- 
 brated eating-house on Milk Street. The service was on 
 silver, and the guest himself selected from the capacious 
 larder hung round with a tempting display of birds and 
 
l.S4 KOSTON AND YICIMTT. 
 
 veuison, or viands more substantial. On Congress and 
 Devonshire Streets, near State Street, was built, about 
 the year 1(S04, tlie largest hotel, up to tliat time, in the 
 countr}', — the Boston Exchange. It was consumed by 
 fire in 1818. Henry Clay was stopping there, and it is 
 said he was engaged in his favorite game of cards when 
 the fire broke out. lie carried his cards to the sidewalk, 
 and as the light of the fire showed Avhat they were, he 
 remarked to his companion, in a tone expressive of his 
 disappointment at not being permitted to finish the 
 game, that he held three white aces, the best hand in the 
 pack. Mr. Ilalloweirs house on Batterymarch Street, 
 became the Sun Tavern. The Commercial Coffee House, 
 near by, on Milk Street, was large and liberally patron- 
 ized. Hatch's house, opposite the Common, near West 
 Street, the Pearl-street House, the Lion, and the Lamb, 
 have all passed away ; but the Marlborough and Adams 
 on Washington Street, Pavilion on Tremont Street, Al- 
 bion on Beacon Street, Bromfield on Bromtield Street, 
 American on Hanover Street, New England on Clin- 
 ton Street, Merrimack on Merrimack Street, Massachu- 
 setts on Endicott Street, Hancock on Court Square, 
 Quincy on Brattle Street, all good houses, have taken 
 their place. 
 
 Of the more expensive class, the Tremont House, 
 opened in 1830, the Revere, on Bowdoin Square, have 
 
BOSTON' A\D VICINITY. l^O 
 
 each in turn started a new era in hotel accouimodaiion. 
 Both were long under the charge of Mr. Faran Stevens, 
 who at the same time leased the Fifth-avenue Hotel in 
 New York, and Continental in Philadelphia. Parker's 
 marble palace, on School Street, is kept on a different 
 plan from the rest ; the charges for board and lodging 
 being distinct. Young's Hotel, Cornhill Court, on the 
 same plan, is also much resorted to for social and festal 
 purposes, political gatherings, and business meetings. 
 Though not in the city, the Taft House, at Point Shirley, 
 is widely kuovvu for its exquisite game dinners. So ma- 
 ny people reside at a distance from their places of busi- 
 ness, that innumerable restaurants, eating-houses, and 
 confectioneries, are to be found in the central parts of 
 the city. These are too numerous for any list to be 
 attempted. There are also many large buildings where 
 apartments can be had, either with or without accommo- 
 dations for food ; such as the Coolidge House, Pelham 
 Hotel, Evans House, and Wiuthrop House, 34 Bowdoin 
 Street, corner of Allston. 
 
 Charities. — The curiosity of the intelligent stranger 
 will be naturally attracted to our institutions and associ- 
 ations for the relief of want. Several of these, and 
 amongst them the Massachusetts and City General Hos- 
 pitals, the McLean Asylum for the Insane, at Somer- 
 
 ville, and Washingtonian Home, have been already men- 
 16* 
 
186 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 tioned. Besides these, the City Luuatic Asylum, at 
 South Boston, soon to be located at Winthrop ; the Hos- 
 pital foi' Women and Children, on Pleasant Street ; the 
 Good Samaritan, on McLean Street ; the Carney Catho- 
 lic, at South Boston ; tlie Ryan, or Chauning Home for 
 Incurables, on South Street ; the State, on Rainstbrd 
 Island ; the Naval and Marine, at Chelsea ; the Eye and 
 Ear Infirmary, on Charles Street, — are the most impor- 
 tant. Contagious diseases are treated at the Small-pox 
 Hospital near the south city stables, at Rainsfoixl Island, 
 or at Deer Island. There have been during the war 
 many houses and hospitals for soldiers, of which the 
 Home in Springfield Street has been most generously 
 supported. These will soon be closed. A large fund is 
 accumulating for a Lying-in Hospital, which amounts to 
 nearly a hundred thousand dollars. Institutions for 
 chronic cases, paralytics, foundlings, and consumptive 
 patients, are thought by some to be needed, although the 
 latter class are in part provided for by Dr. Cutler's pri- 
 vate retreat on Veruou Street. 
 
 At No. 18 Kneeland Street, and No. 82 Rutland Street, 
 are Refuges for females. Missions for relief and reform 
 are established at No. 144 Hanover Street, and at No. 
 80 North Street ; and for mariners at No. 247 North 
 Street. At No. 16 Tremont Temple, at the Homes for 
 the Destitute, No. 24 Kneeland Street, St. Stephen's, Pur- 
 
BOSTON AKD VICINITY. 187 
 
 chase Street, and at the City Temporary, No. 36 Charles 
 Street, numbers find board or lodging, aid in regaining 
 their homes or in finding employment. Another institu- 
 tion has been established on Sudbury Street for similar 
 objects. 
 
 The Asyhim for the Blind, at South Boston, with 
 which is connected the Massachusetts School for Idiotio 
 and Feeble-minded Youth, are under the charge of 
 Dr. Samuel G. Howe, the eminent philanthropist. The 
 Old Ladies' Home, by the water, near Charles Street, 
 has over one hundred inmates, and that for Aged Men, 
 established in 1861, about twenty-four: one for colored 
 females, on the Back Bay, is nearly ready for occupation. 
 Asylums for children are numerous. Of these, are the 
 Farm School, at Thompson's Island ; Female Orphan, 
 Washington Street; Children's Friend, Rutland Street; 
 vSt. Vincent's, Camden Street ; Church Home, Charles 
 Street ; and the Baldwin-place Home for Little Wander- 
 ers, already noticed. There is at Newton a refuge for 
 juvenile offenders, and truants are sent to Deer Island. 
 At Koxbury is the House of the Angel Guardian, with 
 about five hundred pupils. At Deer Island are the City 
 Alms-house, Huuse of Industry, House of Reformation, 
 and a Small-pox Hospital. At South Boston, the House 
 of Correction. On Gallop's Island, accommodation has 
 been prepared for persons coming from infected ships or 
 
188 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 places. The State institutions, besides the State Prison 
 at Charlestowu, and Hospital at Rainsfoi-d Island, men- 
 tioned elsewhere, are three Lunatic Asylums, at North- 
 ampton, Worcester, and Taunton ; three alms-houses, at 
 Monson, Bridgewaler, and Tewksbury ; the Reform 
 School for boys, at Westbqrough, for girls at Lancaster, 
 and two School Sliips. As these institutions are filled 
 as much from Boston as from other parts of the State, 
 they are thus briefly alluded to. They are under the care 
 of the board of State charities. Dr. Wheelwright, the 
 agent, has an office in the State House. One hundred 
 thousand dollars is expended annually through this board 
 for the non-settlement poor \\ ho are sick, and too ill to 
 be removed to an alms-house. Under the State-aid Acts, 
 large sums are distributed to the families of those who 
 served in the late war. 
 
 The other agencies for the lelief of the poor at their 
 own homes are numerous. The overseers of the poor, 
 who have trust funds to the amount of two hundred thou- 
 sand dollars in value, and liberal appropriations from the 
 city council, relieve all who have settlements in the city, 
 now including soldiers who have seived on its quota. 
 They relieve also destitute persons having settlements 
 elsewhere in the State, at the expense of the settlement 
 towns. 
 
 Where education is so general, and, amongst our native- 
 
BOSTON .VN1> VK.IXITV. 189 
 
 boru populatiou, the average capital for o'lcli inhabitant 
 exceeds two tliousand doUars, and where industrial em- 
 ployments are varied and prosperous, the proportion of 
 the helpless poor is naturally small ; and even these are, 
 for the most part, supported by their relatives and friends, 
 by churches, or mutual-aid societies. But the numbers 
 here, born abroad, infirm, aged, or helpless, impose a 
 heavy if not unwelcome burthen on the charity of the 
 city. This has led to the organization of various socie- 
 ties for their relief, through whose agency large sums 
 are distributed. 
 
 Of these we can notice only llie more considerable. 
 The Provident Association, No. 284 Washington Street; 
 the Howard Benevolent; Young Men's Benevolent; 
 many church and city missions, including the esteemed 
 Father Cleveland's ; tlie Fatherless and Widows', Wid- 
 ows' and Singlewomen's, Female Samaritan, British, 
 Irish, Hibernian, Scotch, Scandinavian, Boston Episco- 
 pal Charitable ; and mutual aid societies, such as the Free- 
 masons, Odd Fellows, Massachusetts Charitable, — are 
 some of the chief. Tlie Industrial aid Society, for find- 
 ing employment for the poor, having its offices under the 
 church on Bovvdoin Square, and the Needlewoman's 
 Friend Society, on Channing Place, are also among the 
 ))rincipal. The Warren-street Chapel, the Old South 
 Chapel on Chambers Street, and the Young Mens' Chris- 
 
U)(» KOSTOX AM> VICINITY. 
 
 tian Association at the Tremout Teiuple, exert a happy 
 religious and moral influence over the poor. 
 
 To enable these various societies to work in concert, 
 prevent imposition, and extend every possible and rea- 
 sonable assistance to the deserving, the city council, in 
 December, 1864, authorized, on condition that thii-ty 
 thousand dollars should be contributed at large, tJie erec- 
 tion of a central relief building, in which the overseers, 
 and such of the charitable societies as might desire it, or 
 would be accommodated, should be under the same roof. 
 Opportunity will thus be afforded to sensible persons en- 
 gaged in the duty of almsgiving, to confer, compare 
 opinions, and to further in concert plans for the relief of 
 new forms of distress. It will admit of the system of 
 registration and investigation, and those in need can be 
 more speedily made again dependent on their own exer- 
 tions and resources. In the same building, it might be 
 Avished that the Board of State Charities and Alien Com- 
 missioners should also have their offices. It Avould be 
 of advantage to have near it the City Temporary Home, 
 now in Charles Street, where food is furnished to the 
 destitute, and lodgings to women and ciuldren who are 
 homeless. 
 
 Medical advice is given, and surgical operations are 
 performed gratuitously, at the hospitals ; and at the Bo>-- 
 ton Dispensary, on Bennett Street, on several days in the 
 
h.usroN AND VU'INHV. ]i)l 
 
 wet'k, medic'iues are also distributed to tlie poor; aud its 
 pliysiciaus attend at their dwellings without charge. 
 
 The Fire-alarm Telegraph. — The syt;tem of tele- 
 graphic lire alarm was originated by Dr. William F. 
 Cliauuiug, of liostou, and Moses G. Farmer, of Salem. 
 
 As early as 1845, Dr. Channing, in a lecture delivered 
 before the Smithsonian Institute, suggested the employ- 
 ment of the telegraph as a means of giving alarms of fire. 
 
 In 1848, the subject was brought before the city gov- 
 ernment of Boston by the mayor; and two machines for 
 striking the city bells from a distance, by means of the 
 telegraph, were constructed under the direction of Moses 
 G. Farmer, Esq., one of the ablest and most ingenious 
 telegraphic engineei'S in the country. Ono of these ma- 
 chines was placed in tlie beUVy of the Boston City Hall, 
 and connected with the line of telegraphs extending to 
 New York ; and the telegraph-operator in New Yoik, by 
 tapping on the key, struck the bell on the City Hall sev- 
 eral times, thereby causing a false alarm of fire in Boston. 
 This was the first exhibition of the capacities of the fire- 
 alarm telegraph. 
 
 In 1851, the city government of Boston appropriated 
 ten thousand dollars to test the system. The construc- 
 tion and mechanical arrangements were iuti-usted to the 
 charge of Mr. Moses G. Farmer, and during the next year 
 were brought by him into successful operation. 
 
li*2 UOSTOX AN1> VICIKITV. 
 
 The fire-alarm office is situated iu the dome of the City 
 Hall. From this point, wires radiate to all parts of the 
 city. At the present time, seventy-five signal stations, or 
 boxes, plainly numbered, are located at convenient points 
 about the city, and are in communication with the cen- 
 tral office by means of the wires, which being constantly 
 cliarged Avith electricity, are ready to communicate an 
 alarm at any moment. Tiiis is done by simply turning 
 a crank, which starts the instrument in the box, and tele- 
 graphs its number to the central otlice, and continues to 
 repeat its number as long as the crank is* turned. The 
 operator on duty at the City Hall receives upon a register 
 the number thus transmitted, and communicates it to the 
 firemen by striking upon all the alarm-bells, of- which 
 there are upwards of thirty. To illustrate the striking 
 of the bells for an alarm of fire, we give the two follow- 
 ing numbers, — 24 and 175. To announce No. 24, the 
 operator at the central station strikes upon the alarm-bells 
 two blows, and after a pause of two or three seconds, 
 four blows more, thus indicating the number (24) of the 
 box mentioned. This is repeated six or eight times until 
 the firemen ;ire sufficiently notified of the locality of the 
 fire. For box 175, the bells would strike one, seven, 
 and five blows, with proper intervals, and repeated as 
 long as necessary. 
 
 To indicate the true time for the city, a single blow is 
 
BOSTON' AND VICINITV. l^H 
 
 struck simultaneously upon all of the nlarm-l)clls, nt pre- 
 cisely twelve o'clock of each day. Joseph B. Stearns, 
 Esq., is the suporintendent of the fire-alarm telegraph, 
 aided by Charles A. Stearns, and three other assistants. 
 In 1858, the city government authorized the construc- 
 tion of a police telegraph, which was built under the 
 superintendence of Joseph B. Stearns, and connects bv 
 telegraph-lines the oliice of the chief of police with the 
 police-stations in the different parts of the city. This 
 is used for police purposes only, and is operated at the 
 different stations. 
 
 17 
 

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Boston and Vicinity. 
 
CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE. — OLD FORTIFICATIONS, HARVARD INSTITUTE, 
 GORE HALL, AVASHINGTON HOUSE, RIEDESEL HOUSE, 
 "WASHINGTON ELM. — MOUNT AUBURN. 
 
 Taking the cars from Bowdoiu Square, it takes but a 
 short time to be landed in Cambridge. At the corner of 
 luraan Street stands an old mansion, shaded by noble trees, 
 find with an ample lawn in front. Previous to the Revolu- 
 tion it was owned and occupied by Ralph Inman, a wealthy 
 tory, who was unceremoniously dispossessed, and his fine 
 house assigned as head quarters to the redoubtable General 
 Putnam. The street which leads up to the side entrance 
 of the house perpetuates the name of its original owner. 
 
 The ridge of land called Dana Hill, which is approached 
 by an almost imperceptible ascent, forms the natural 
 boundary between the " Port " and " Old Cambridge." 
 On the summit of this ridge, on the right hand side of the 
 road, was located one of the chain of redoubts erected by 
 the Americans at the outset of the revolution. Traces 
 of it have been visible within a very few years, but they 
 are now obliterated in the march of improvement — that 
 
 1 7 * 107 
 
1 U8 
 
 KOSrON AS\} \ ICIMIT. 
 
 same spirit of progress which made it necessary to cut a 
 road through another old fort, a little beyond the one just 
 mentioned, on the opposite side of the way. The land 
 never having been required for building purposes, this 
 redoubt continued in a good state of preservation, and its 
 embankment and fosse were plainly distinguishable. 
 
 Still following the " Main Street," it is not long before 
 
 the turrets of Gore Hall — the library building of the 
 "vcr ity — come in sight, and a side glimpse of the 
 
 oilier college buildings is obtained through the trees. 
 The University Libraky is divided into four depart- 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. li)9 
 
 ments, viz., Theological, Medical, Law, and College ; 
 which last, besides books in all other departments of 
 learning, embraces also an extensive collection of works 
 on theology, medicine, and law. 
 
 The Theological Library is in Divinity Hall. Per- 
 sons entitled to its jjrivileges must be connected with the 
 divinity school. Number of books, about 16,000. They 
 consist of valuable select works, principally in modern 
 theology, with some of the early Fathers. 
 
 The Medical Library is in the Medical College in 
 Boston. It is placed there for the convenience of students 
 attending the medical lectures. The number of books is 
 about 2.000. 
 
 The La"\v Library is in Dane Hall. It is designed for 
 the otficers and students of the law school. Number of 
 books, about 13,000. It contains most of the valuable 
 works in English and American law, and in the civil law, 
 together with a variety of others, by writers of France, 
 Germany, and Spain. 
 
 Gore Hall is of recent construction. The outer walls 
 of the building are of rough Quincy granite, laid in reg- 
 ular courses, with hammered-stone buttresses, towers, 
 pinnacles, drip-stones, &c. It is in the form of a Latin 
 cross, the extreme length of which externally is one hun- 
 dred and forty feet, and thi'ough the transept eighty-one 
 and a half feet. 
 
2UU IJOSTON AND VICINITV. 
 
 The interior contains a liall one limidred untl twelve 
 feet long, and fliirty-tive feet liiuli, witli a vaulted ceiling 
 supported by twenty ribbed columns. The spaces between 
 the columns and side-walls are divided by partitions into 
 stalls or alcoves for books, above and below the gallery. 
 
 The public library is for the common use of the whole 
 University, in this respect diflering from the other 
 branches of the University library ; and it may be con- 
 sulted, diu'ing library lioui's, by all i)ei'sons, whether con- 
 nected with the University or not. The total number of 
 books is about 116,000; of which 1,000 belong to the 
 Boylston Medical Library, in immediate connection with it. 
 In term time (excepting Christmas Day, New- Year's Day, 
 Fast Day, the 4th of July, and the two recesses), the libra- 
 ry is open, on the first five secular days of the week, from 
 nine, a.m., till one, p.m., and from two, p.m., till five, p.m.. 
 or till sunset, when that is l)eforo five. In the summer 
 vacation, it is open from nine to one o'clock every Mon- 
 day ; and, in the winter vacation, every Monday, Wednes- 
 thiy, and Friday during the same hours. The total 
 nuiuber of books in the libraries of the University is 
 about 167,500. All persons who wish to have access to 
 the library, or to bring their friends to see it, are expect- 
 ed to make their visits on the days and within the hours 
 above named. 
 
 UNIVERSITY Hall is a handsome granite edifice, and 
 
KosTuN Axu vicixnv. 201 
 
 contains the old chapel, lecture-rooms, &c. Besides the 
 large halls occupied by the undergraduates, there are 
 Divinity Hall, appropriated to theological students. Mu- 
 seum OF Zoology, IIakvauu Hall, Appleton Chapel, 
 BoYLSTON Hall, &c. A large observatory is furnished 
 with one of the largest and finest telescopes in the world. 
 The Legislative Govekxment is vested in a corporation, 
 which consists of the president and six fellows, and a 
 board of overseers, composed of the president and treas- 
 urer, ex officiis, together with thirty others, elected by the 
 alumni. The faculty of instruction, embracing the pro- 
 fessional and scientific schools, consists of the president, 
 forty-five professors, five tutors, and several teachers. 
 The degree of Bachelor of Arts is conferred at the close 
 of a course of four years' study, there are very liberal 
 funds appropriated to the support of students who require 
 assistance in the prosecution of their studies. The term 
 of study for the divinity school is three years ; that of the 
 law school, tw,o years. The law school, which enjoys a 
 high repute, was established in 1817. The lectures to 
 the medical students are delivered at the Massachusetts 
 Medical College, in Boston. A degree of M. D. is con- 
 ferred only upon those students who have attended the 
 courses of lectures, and spent three years under the tui- 
 tion of a regular physician. 
 
'202 )',<>ST<»X AXl> VICINITY. 
 
 From an am-ieut inauuscript copy of " ®IIE LAWES 
 And orders of harvard COLLEDGE " agreed 
 upou April 2, IGoT), we take the following: — 
 
 Every one shall so exercise himselfe in reading the Scrip- 
 tures twice every day that he shall bee ready to give ac- 
 count of his proficiency therein, both in theoreticall obser- 
 vations of Language & Logicke, & in practicall & Spir- 
 itual} truths as his Tutor shiill require, according to their 
 f-everall standings respectively. Seeing the enti'ance of 
 the word gives Light. Psal. 119, 130. 
 
 All Students shall eschew the profanation of God's holy 
 Name, Attributes, Word, or Ordinances & Times of wor- 
 ship and in th(^ pnblique asseinblyes they shall carefully 
 eschew whatsoever may shew any contempt or neglect 
 thereof .and be ready to give an account to their Tutors of 
 their protitting & to use such helpes of storing themselves 
 with knowledge, as their Tutors shall direct. 
 
 T]i(! foundation of Harvard University is one of the 
 most lionorable events in the history of INIassachusetts. 
 In 1G36, six years only after the settlement of Boston, 
 the General Court appropriated four hundred pounds for 
 the establishment of a school or college at Cambridge, 
 then called Newtown. When we consider the scantiness 
 of the colonial resources, and the value of money at that 
 time, the allowance appears no less than munificent. The 
 colonial records mention this a]>propriation in the follow- 
 
lit IS ION AND VICINITV. "ZOo 
 
 ing torms : " The court agrood to give four liundrcfl pouii.ls 
 towards a school or college, whereof two hundred pounds 
 be paid the next year, and two hundred pounds when tlic 
 work is finished, and the next court to appoint where and 
 what building." The colonists were then involved in the 
 Pequod war. Savage says the ?um was " equal to a year's 
 rate of the whole colony." Bu't the college owes its exist- 
 ence in fact — for it is doubtful whether the legislature 
 would have carried their plans beyond the establishment 
 of a grammar school — to the liberality of an English 
 clergyman, the Rev. John Harvard, who died in Charles- 
 town in 16.38. Very little is known respecting this 
 benefactor of learning. Plis birthplace, even, cannot ho 
 ascertained. He was, however, a man of education, hav- 
 ing graduated at Cambridge University, England : he 
 preached in Charlestown, where he died about a year 
 after his arrival in the country. Harvard left by will 
 one-half of his estate, about £800, to the school which 
 the legislature had established in Newtown. His bequest 
 gave a vigorous impetus to the new establishment, and the 
 General Court at once determined to erect it into a col- 
 lege, to be called Harvard, in commemoration of its bene- 
 factor ; while in honor of the classic seat of learning in 
 the mother country, where so many of the colonists had 
 been educated, the name of Newtown was changed to 
 that of Cambridge. " It pleased God," says a contempo- 
 
20i r.osroN anh vk iniiv. 
 
 rary writf-r, "to stir up the heart of one Mr. Harvard (a 
 f'odly gentleman and lover of learning then living among 
 us) to give one half of his estate towards the erection of 
 a college, and all his librai-y." 
 
 " When," says Edward Everett, in his address delivered 
 at the erection of a monument to John Harvard, in the 
 graveyard at Charlestown, September 2G, 1828, " we think 
 of the miglity importance, in our communii}', of the sys- 
 tem of public instruction, and regard the venerable man 
 whom we commemorate as the first to set the example of 
 contributing liberally for the endowment of places of edu- 
 cation, (an example faithfully imitated in this region in 
 almost every succeeding age,) we cannot, as patriots, 
 admit that any honor wiiich it is in our power to pay to 
 his memory is beyond his desert." 
 
 The imi)ulse given by John Harvard's generosity placed 
 the permanence of the college out of danger. Four years 
 after Harvai-d's deatli, a class gradiiatcd, whose finished 
 education rctlected the highest credit on tlieir alma mater. 
 The university became the pride of the colony. English 
 youths were sent hither to receive their education. The 
 legislature continued its guardianship and care, and aided 
 it by timely donations, while private individuals, animated 
 by the spirit and example of Harvard, poured their con- 
 tributions and bequests into its treasury. It was richly 
 endowed, a:id in resources, buildings, library, and profes- 
 
BOSTON AN1» VKIMJV. 205 
 
 sorships it takes precedence of all other institutions of" 
 learning in the country. 
 
 The aimual commencement still attracts crowds, and is 
 regarded with interest ; and tor two centuries it was to 
 Cambridge, Boston, and its environs the great event of 
 the year. It gathered together all the dignitaries, all the 
 learning, and all tlie beauty and fashion of the land. The 
 university comjn'ises a department for under graduates 
 and schools of theology, law, and medicine. A most im- 
 portant addition to the educational advantages of Cam- 
 bridge was the founding of the Scientific School, in 
 1848, by Hon. Abbott Lawrence, with a fund of fifty 
 thousand dollars, which has since been largely increased. 
 In this school, young men who have not received a classi- 
 cal education can be fitted for various departments of 
 business, as chemists, civil engineers, navigators, &c. 
 
 On the left, opposite Gore Hall, is seen a large, square, 
 old-fashioned house, at a little distance from the street, 
 which wa3 built by Mr. Aj)thorp, who was a native of 
 Boston, but received his education at the university of 
 Cambridge, in England, where he took orders, and received 
 the appointment of missionary to the newly-established 
 church in this place. He is said to have been a very am- 
 bitious man, and to have had his eye upon a bishopric, 
 which he fondly hoped would be established in New Eng- 
 land, having Cambridge for its centre, and himself the 
 18 
 
206 UOSTUN AM) VICIMTV. 
 
 incfrojpulitan. It Jiui.-i be confessed that llic stately man- 
 i-ion which was erected for his use, still styled "the Bish- 
 op's Palack," lar surpassing in pretensions the general- 
 ity ot" houses at that day. givers some coun;enance to the 
 traditionary report of his aristocratic jtredilections. But 
 whatever may have been his expec;a;ion.~, they were 
 doomCM:! to disappointment, and his house — tiie .-ame 
 w hlch, a i\'w years after the departure of its original ]»ro- 
 prietor, received tiie haughty Burgoyne beneath its roof, 
 not as a master, but as a discomfited prisoner of war — 
 yet retains unmistakable traces of its former elegance. 
 
 Let the stranger stroll along the old road to Watcrtown 
 — the Brattle Street of the moderns. Leaving the ven- 
 erable Brattle mansion on the left, — now cast into the 
 shade by the "Brattle IIon^(^'' erected on a portion of its 
 once elegant domain, — and pa^^sing beyond the more 
 thickly settled part of the village, he will find, on each 
 side of the way, spacious edifices, belonging to some for- 
 mer day and generation ; extensive gardens, fai'ms, and 
 orchards, evidently of no modern date ; and trees whose 
 giant forms were the gi-owth of years gone by. AVho 
 built these stately mansions, so unlike the usual New Eng- 
 land dwellings of ancient days, with their spacious lawns, 
 shaded by noble elms, and adorned with shrubbery ? "Who 
 were the proprietors of these elegant seats, which arrest 
 the att(Mition and cliarm the eA'e of the passing travellei- ? 
 
BOSTON AM) VICINITY, 
 
 •207 
 
 AVho were the original occupants of these abodes of aris- 
 tocratic pride and wealth. — for such they must have been, 
 • — and whose voices waked the eclioes in these lofty halls? 
 A race of men which has passed away forever! Tliey are 
 gone. Their tombs are in a distar.t land; even their 
 names have j)ass(-d from remi'mhi-ance ; and nought re- 
 mains to tell of their sojourn here save these stately piles, 
 whose walls once echoed to the sound of pipe and harp, 
 
 and whose courts reverberated with the notes of their 
 national anthem. 
 Prominent among these residences of the royalists of 
 
•208 BOSTON ANK VICIMTV. 
 
 olden time is lliat of Colo;u I John Yassall, whicli became 
 in July, 1770, the head <|iiarters of General Washington; 
 an edifice even more elegant and ^-pacious tlian its fellow.-, 
 standing in the mid.-t of shrubbery and stalely elms, a 
 little distance from the -street, once the highway from Har- 
 vard University to Waltham. At tins mansion, and ar 
 Winter Hill, Washington passed most of his time aftei' 
 taking command of the continental army, until the evacu- 
 ation of Boston in the fi)llowing spring. Its proent 
 owner is Henry Wadsworih Longfellow, widely known 
 in the world of literature as one of the most gifted men 
 of the age. It is a spot worthy of the residence of an 
 American bard so endowed, for the associations which 
 hallow it are linked with the noblest themes that ever 
 awakened the inspiration of a child of ^onG'. 
 
 This mansion stands upon the npjx^r of two terraces, 
 which are ascended each by five stone steps. At each 
 front corner of the house is a lofty elm, mere saplings 
 when Washington beheld them, but now stately and patri- 
 archal in appearance. Other elms, with flowers and shrub- 
 bery, beautify the grounds around it ; wiiile within, icono- 
 clastic innovation has not been allowed to enter with its 
 mallet and trowel, to mar the work of the ancient builder, 
 and to cover with the vulgar stucco of modern art the 
 carved cornices and panelled w^ainscots that first enriched it. 
 
 A few rods above the residence of Professor Lonjrfel- 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. 209 
 
 Icnv is ihe house in which the Biimswick general, the 
 Ijarox Riedksel, and his family were quartered, during 
 tlie stay of the captive army of Burgoyne in the vicinity 
 of Boston. Upon a window pane on the north side of the 
 house may be seen the undoubted autograph of the accom- 
 
 plished Baroness Riedesel. It is an interesting memento, 
 and preserved with great eare. 
 
 Near the westerly eorner of the Common, upon Wash- 
 ington Street, stands the Washington Elm, one of the 
 ancient anakim of the primeval forest, older, probably, by 
 half a century or moi-e, than the welcome of Samoset to 
 the white settlers, and is distinguished by the circumstance 
 that beneath its broad shadow Gineral Washington first 
 18* 
 
210 
 
 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 drew his SAVorJ as commuiidL'r-in-chk't" ol" the contiueutal 
 army, on the morning of July 3d, 177.3. iS^ot far from 
 here Avas the spot where public town meetings were held, 
 and also the tree under which the Indian council fires 
 were lighted more than two hundred years ago. When 
 
 the drum was used in Cambridge, instead of the bell, to 
 summon the congregntion to the ])lace of worship, or 
 to give warning of a savagi'. enemy, tlie sound floated 
 throughout those trailing limbs, that, eould they but speak, 
 would take a veteran's delight in telling of the past. May 
 no unkind hand mar the last tree of the native forest. 
 
HUSTON AND VKIM IV. 21 i 
 
 Though it may have stood century alter century, like a 
 sentinel on duty, def) ing the lightning and tlie storm, still 
 let it stand, an interesting and sacred memorial of the 
 }iast and the present, and continue to be associated, for 
 many years to come, Avilh the history of our country. 
 And let the illustrious name whicli it bears, and which it 
 dei-ives from one of the most important events in the life 
 of the father of his country, preserve it to remind the 
 coming generations of his invaluable services and labors. 
 
 Mount Aluijrn. — The cemetery of Mount Auburn, 
 justly celebrated as the most interesting object of the kind 
 in our country, is situated in Cambridge and Watertown, 
 about four and a half miles from the city of Boston, and 
 one and a quarter miles west of Harvard UniA'ersity. It 
 includes upwards of one hundred acres of land, purchased 
 at diffei-ent times by th(; Massachusetts Horticultural Soci- 
 ety, extending from the main road nearly to the banks of 
 Charles River. A portion of the land next to the road, 
 and now under cultivation, once constituted the experi- 
 mental garden of the society. A long watercourse be- 
 tween this tract and the interior woodland formed a nat- 
 ural boundary, separating the two sections. The inner 
 portion, wliich was set apart for the purposes of a ceme- 
 tery, is covered, throughout most of its extent, with a 
 vigorous growth of forest trees, many of them of large 
 size, and comprising an unusual variety of species. This 
 
1. 
 
 Road to Fresh Pond. 
 
 14. 
 
 Juniper Hill. 
 
 2. 
 
 Chapel. 
 
 15. 
 
 Temple Hill. 
 
 3. 
 
 Spruce Aveirne. 
 
 16. 
 
 Rosemary Path. 
 
 4. 
 
 Public Lot. 
 
 17. 
 
 Jasmine Path. 
 
 5. 
 
 Laurel Hill. 
 
 18. 
 
 Chestnut Avenue 
 
 6. 
 
 "Walnut Avenue. 
 
 19. 
 
 Poplar Aveime. 
 
 7. 
 
 Mountain Avenue. 
 
 20. 
 
 Meadow Pond. 
 
 8. 
 
 Mount Auburn Tower. 
 
 21. 
 
 Lime Avenue. 
 
 9. 
 
 Dell Path. 
 
 22. 
 
 Larch Avenue. 
 
 10. 
 
 Pine Hill. 
 
 23. 
 
 Garden Pond. 
 
 11. 
 
 Central Square. 
 
 24. 
 
 Forest Poiul. 
 
 12. 
 
 Cedar Hill. 
 
 2.5. 
 
 Central A\enue. 
 
 13. 
 
 Harvard Hill. 
 21i 
 
 
 
lK)M'ON AM) VICIMTV. "i ] . "j 
 
 tract is beautifully undulating in its surface, containing a 
 number of bold eminences, steep acclivitiCTvand deep, 
 i-liadowy valleys. A remarkable natural ridge, with a 
 level surface, runs througli the ground fi-om south-east to 
 north-west, which wa> for many year^ u favorite walk with 
 the students of Harvard. The principal eminence, 'called 
 Mount Aul)urn. is one hundred and iwcnty-five feet above 
 the level of Charles Ifivcr, and commands i'rom its sum- 
 mit one of the fine- 1 prospects which can be obtained in 
 the environs of F.oston. On one side is tiie city, in full 
 view, connected at its extremities with Chai'lestown and 
 Roxburv. The serpentine course of Charles Kiver, with 
 the cultivated hills and fields rising beyond it, and the 
 Blue Hills of Milton in the distance, occupies another 
 portion of the landscape. On the north, at a very small 
 distance. Fresh Pond appears, a handsome sheet of water, 
 finely diversified by its woody and irregular shores. 
 Country seats and cottages, in various directions, and 
 es])ecially tho-e on the elevated land at Watertown, add 
 much to the ])icturesque effect of the scene. On the 
 summit of this elevation a tower has been erected, (of 
 sufficient height to be seen above the surrounding trees.) 
 to subserve the triple purpose of a lar.dniark, to identify 
 the s])ot, and for an observatory, commanding an uninter- 
 rupted view of the surrounding landsca];e of cities, towns, 
 hills, fainns, rivers, Massachusetts Bay, with its many 
 
2\ i BOSTON AND VKJINITV. 
 
 islands aiul shipping. The lantern or cupohi of this 
 tower is at, least one liuxidred and eighty-five feet above 
 Chai'les River. 
 
 The front entrance, gate from Cambridge road is a 
 design from an Kgyj tian model, and is masterly chiselled 
 in granite, at a co.-t of about ten thousand dolhirs; and 
 the cast iron picketed fence on that whole fi-oni line was 
 erected at a cost of about fifteen thousand dollars ; a 
 splendid cha|K'l was completed within its grounds in 184ft, 
 at a cost of jibout twenty-Hve thousand dollai's. 
 
 Strangers ca:i i-eccive on application to any trustee, or 
 to the secretary, a ju'rinit to enter the cemetery with a 
 carriage any day exce|)t Sundays and holidays ; but with- 
 out a vehicle, visitors are admitted without charge. 'J'iie 
 following direct guide through tlie cemetery is taken from 
 "Dearborn's Guide through Mount Aul)urn," a book that 
 maybe procured at the entrance. 
 
 "The fj'o;it line of the cemetery is east to west; and 
 Central Av<'ihi<', fronting the gate, is from the north to 
 the south. From the gate, advance in front up Central 
 Avenue, and on the lel't, on an elevated plot, is the monu- 
 ment to SiKir/.heim, and a little farther is the metal 
 bronzed statue of Dowditch, in a sitting posture; then 
 turn to the west, into Chapel Avenue, and you see a 
 beautiful monument erected to the memory of Dr. Sharp, 
 and also a magnificent temj)le, appropriated to the sanctu- 
 
U(.)ST<)N Ai\I) VICINITV. ^],') 
 
 ary services of the grave; pass on into Pine Avenue. ai..l 
 there are the Shaw and Dorr nioniunents; continne Pine 
 AveJiue to the north-west, which leads to Gjeen Brier and 
 \ arrow Patlis, and there are the inonnnients to ImsIki-, 
 Haughton, Fessenden, Channing, Curtis Turner, Ban<>--. 
 I lie scul})tured child of Binncy, Doanc, Gossler, Allen, 
 with numerous other pillars and obelisks to meet the eye; 
 :ifter this examination, turn into Heliotrope and Heath 
 Paths for sculpture of Gardner's child, nioiunnent of Wil- 
 liam Apph'ton. and I he splendid nia.i>oleum of two fronts 
 to 1)1-. P>iui:ey; Armstrong, Shattuck's boy; p;,ss into Fir 
 Avenue at tiie west, and view the ]\Iagoun monument of 
 mother and daughter ; then tui-n to the south, whci-e are 
 the monuments to Torrey, Mrs. N. P. Willis, Bates, Lin- 
 coln, Pickens, and many others; pass through Fir Avenue 
 to the south, crossing S])ruce Avenue, curving to the 
 south-east, and then turn to the right hand into Walnut 
 Avenue, and at the right han.l are Elder, Pilgrim, and 
 Snowdrop Paths, on a north-west line, and view the ele- 
 gantly carved temj)les of Cotting, Miles, Bush, Foss, Pen- 
 niman, Shattuck, Farrar, Wolcott, Hartshorn, and others ; 
 return to Walnut Avenue, and pass through it. curving to 
 the south, and view the monuments to Hicks, Worcester, 
 Watson, and others ; then turn to the left into Mountain 
 Avenue, north-westerly, and ascend Mount Auburn's high- 
 est mound, one hundred and twentv-five feet above the 
 
lM() HUSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 River Charles, from whence Boston and the siii romiding 
 counliv may be seen ; then descend Mount Anhiirn on 
 the soutli-east, through Ilazel Path, curving round to the 
 north, and view the FuUer monument ; then pass on to 
 Harvard Hill at the north-east ; here the eye will greet 
 the mausoleums to Andrews, Kirkland. Ashmun, Hoff- 
 man, and offiC("rs of" Harvard University, and also to some 
 of the students ; descend into Rose Path, at the south- 
 west, where are monuments of Scudder and Davis, encir- 
 cling its base, to the eastward ; then turn to the light 
 hand into Sweet Brier Path, and continue to its south-cat 
 termination, and there is a mausoleum to Cofiin ; then 
 turn to the left hand into Chestnut Avenue, and at its 
 junction with Hawthorn Path is the Tremont Strangers' 
 Tomb ; continue north-west through Hawthorn Path, 
 which leads to Cedar Hill, where are the monuments to 
 Hildreth, Appleton, and others; from thence soutli-we>t, 
 round Cedar Hill, is Ivy Path, whicli ciirves to the norih, 
 and at the end of this branch, a little to the west, is Con- 
 secration Dell, where an; monuments to Stanton, Watts, 
 Waterson, Leverett, Dana, &c. ; leave Consecration Dell 
 at its north-west corner, and pass into Vine Path, crossing 
 Moss Path by the monument to Steains, on to Central 
 Square, where are monuments to Hannah Adams. Mur- 
 ray, and others ; at the north-west of Central Square is 
 Poplar Avenue, ctu-ving to the east; and there may l»e 
 
KosroN .AM) VK.rNITV. 21, 
 
 seen iiu'iiK-iirocs to Warren Culhiirn, Sturgis. Choate, 
 jNIunson, ]\Ir.-. Ellis, and otlier? ; then turn round to the 
 left into the ea-^tern line of Willow AvcMuie, curving round 
 into its western line, and there are obelisks or mausoleums 
 to McLellan. Williams, Buekingham. Randall, Chamber- 
 lain, Thavci-. Tuekerman, Mrs. Gannett, Lowell, Mason, 
 Howard. aii<l otiiers; leaving AVillow A^('nue at its south- 
 west corner, turn to the right through Popiar Av<'nue into 
 Alder Path, to the north, and see a nioinunent to Wet- 
 more, (ireenleaf, and others; pass into Narcissus Path 
 northerly, around Forest Pond, and view liie monuments 
 to Story, W( li-!er, (Xxnard. Ilich. Dingiii. Faxon, Win- 
 chestei', and others; at the north cuive of Forest Pond is 
 Catalpa Path, on an east line to Indian liidge Path, where 
 those to Brimmer, Bond, Seaver, Gieenleaf, Patterson, 
 Wadsworth, Fi-anoi>, Fearing, West, To my Mary, Stack- 
 pole, and others are erected ; then i-eturn to Catalpa Path 
 west, to Linden Path, near to Beach Avenue, where are 
 monuments to Ta])pan, Thaxter, Raymond, and others ; 
 pass through Beach Avenue to the south, where are the 
 monuments of Bigelow, Stone, Stevens, Coolidge, Putnam, 
 &c. ; then turn round to the right hand into Central Avc;- 
 nue, where are the monuments of Harnden, Gibbs, Phelps, 
 Peck, Burges, Abbe, Clary, and the sculptured watch dog 
 of Perkins; turn to the left hand into Cypress Avenue, 
 where the Bible monument of Gray may^ be seen on 
 19 
 
218 UOSTON AND NIC I MTV. 
 
 Hibiscus Path, and a little south is the Cojriiswell monu- 
 ment ; then turn to the left, easterly, and near the centre 
 of Central Avenue the monuments of Ht^\\iii>. Tisdale, 
 Buckminster. Cleveland, Lawrence, Ileiwijr, and others ; 
 continue through Cypress Avenue, curving to the south, 
 and there is the public lot. wiiii immcious shafts and me- 
 mentoes to friends, with a singular horizontal slab to the 
 memory of jM. W. B., and a little north-west of the pub- 
 lic lot, on Eglantine Path, is the sculptured figure of 
 Christ blessing little chil(b( ii ; a little to the ea>t of that 
 is the Ford monunicnt. Faith wiih (Ik- Cross, and the 
 Fuller monument. Keturn through the south part of 
 Cypress Avenue, where is a monument to Samuel Story, 
 Jr., on Lupine Path; then turn round to the left, into 
 Cedar Avenue, leading to the north, whcie are monuments 
 to Gridley, Ilayward, Benjamin, and others ; continue to 
 the right hand, through part of Cypress Avenue, to Cen- 
 tral Avenue, passing the statue of Bowditch, and view the 
 monument to the ollicers lost in the ex])loring e\]tedition, 
 and others, after whicli a return to the gate on the north 
 may be made direct." 
 
 A short distance from the cemetery, in Watertown, 
 is the ITniteu States Arsenal. It stands on the banks 
 of the Charles River, a short distance below the village, 
 contains a large amount of munitions of war, and co\ers 
 forty acres of ground. 
 
CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 BUNKER HILL. MONUMENT. STATUp: OF GEN. WARREN. 
 
 NAVY YARD. STATK's PRISON. HARVARD MONU- 
 MENT. 
 
 C'harlestown horse-cars can speedily set us down 
 at the foot of Bunker Hill, where the pride of Britain 
 was once humbled, and her veteran sons, in promiscuous 
 heaps, bit the dust. On the summit of this eminence 
 stands the renowned Monument, towering to the skies, 
 silently saying. Here was the bloody conflict between the 
 oppressor and the oppressed ; there floated the ships of 
 war that vainly thundered with the engines of desolation 
 against the undaunted heroes who, with pickaxe and 
 shovel, upheaved the mounds that were to protect them 
 from the enemy. 
 
 Ascending one of tlie long flights of granite steps to 
 the gravel walk that leads to the monument, we approach 
 the highest spot of this everlasting hill, of everlasting 
 remembrance. Though once soaked witli the blood of 
 the slain, it is now a beautiful and interesting resort to 
 strangers and travellers. Its pleasingly verdant surface 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY, 221 
 
 regularly descends every way to a green hedge that fringes 
 its base, and outside of a broad walk on its four equal 
 sides is a granite and iron fence, of elegant style. 
 
 Bunker Hill Monument rises, lofty and grand, from 
 the centre of the grounds included within the breastworks 
 of the old redoubt on Breed's Hill. Its sides are precisely 
 parallel with those of the redoubt. It is built of Quincy 
 granite, and is two hundred and twenty-one feet in heio'ht. 
 The foundation is composed of six courses of stone, and 
 extends twelve feet below the surface of the ground and 
 base of the shaft. The four sides of the foundation ex- 
 tend about fifty feet horizontally. There are in the whole 
 pile ninety courses of stone, six of them below the surface 
 of the ground, and eighty-four above. The foundation is 
 laid in lime mortar; ihe other parts of the structure in 
 lime mortar mixed with cinders, iron filings, and Spring- 
 field hydraulic cement. The base of the obelisk is thirty 
 feet square ; at the spring of the apex, fifteen feet. In- 
 side of the shaft is a round, hollow cone, the outside diam- 
 eter of which at the bottom is ten feet, and at the top, six 
 feet. Around this inner shaft winds a spiral flight of 
 stone steps, two hundred and ninety-five in number. In 
 both the cone and shaft are numerous little apertures 
 for the purposes. of ventilation and light. The observa- 
 tory or chamber at the top of the monument is seventeen 
 feet in height and eleven feet in diameter. It has four 
 19* 
 
222 BOSTON AND vrCIMTY. 
 
 window.^, one on each side, which are provided with iron 
 shutters. The cap piece of the apex is a single stone, 
 three feet six inches in thickness, and four feet square at 
 its base. It weighs two and a half tons. 
 
 The monument was dedicated on the 17th of June, 
 1843, The president of the United States (Mr. Tyler) 
 and his whole cabinet were present, and Daniel "Webster 
 was the orator. 
 
 Within the colossal obelisk is a beautiful model of Dr. 
 "\Va';t:- n"s Monument, which was romovod to give place 
 to the present one ; and a simple marble slab now only 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. 223 
 
 mai-ks the spot where a patriot fell, as Hon. Edward 
 Everett has beautifully expressed it, " with a numerous 
 band of kindred spirits — the gray -haired veteran, the 
 stripling in the flower of youth — who had stood side by 
 side on that dreadful day, and fell together, like the beauty 
 of Israel in their high places." He was buried where he 
 fell, but his ashes now repose in " Forest Hill Cemetery." 
 In the top ot the monument are two cannons, named 
 respectively " Hancock " and " Adams," which formerly 
 belonged to the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Com- 
 pany. The " Adams " was burst by them in firing a 
 salute. The fbllowhig is the inscription upon the two 
 guns: — 
 
 SACRED TO LIBERTY. 
 This is one of four cannons which constituted the whole train of 
 field artillery possessed by the British colonies of North America at the 
 commencement of the war, on the 19th of April, 1775. This cannon 
 and its fellow, belonging to a number of citizens of Boston, were used 
 in many engagements during the war. The other two, the property of 
 the government of Massachusetts, were taken by the enemy. 
 
 Though this monument was built to commemorate an 
 important event and a bloody battle, it is also a most 
 lofty observatory. The view from the top, for extent. 
 variety, and beauty, is certainly one of the finest in the 
 world, and worth a thousand miles of travel to see. Bos- 
 ton, its harbor, and the beautiful country around, mottled 
 
2'2A BOSTON AM) VICINITY. 
 
 with village.^, are .•spread out l.ke a vast painting, and on 
 every side llie eye may re.-t iij-uii ioc-alities of" great his- 
 torical interest — Cambridge, lluxhiay, Clielsea, Quincy, 
 Medtord, Maibleliead. Dorclie-ter, and other phices. In 
 tlie far di.^tanee, on (he north-west, rise the higher peaks 
 uf tlie Wiiite Monntains of New Hampshire; and on tiie 
 r.orth-east the penin.-nhx of Xahant and the more remote 
 (•ape Ann may be seen. Wonders which present science 
 and enterprise are developing and forming ai*e there ex- 
 h^biled in profusion. At one glance from this lofty obser- 
 vatory may be seen several railroads and many other 
 avenues connecting the city with the country ; and ships 
 from almost every region of the glol)e dot the water-; of 
 the harbor. Could a tenant of the old graveyard o)i 
 Copp's Hill, wlio lived a hundred years ago, when the 
 vilhige upon Tri-monntain was fitting out its little armed 
 flotillas against the French in Acadia, or sending ff)rtli its 
 few vessels of trade along the neighboring coasts, or occa- 
 sionally to cross the Atlantic, come forth and stand beside 
 us a moment, what a new and wonderful world would be 
 presented to his vision ! 
 
 The statue of JM.vjoK-CiKNEHAL Joskpii Warren, by 
 Ilcury Dexter, in a building near tlie nionnment, was 
 iuaugm-ated on the fifth day of Jnne, l.SoJ. It is seven 
 feet liigh, of the best Italian marble, and weiglied in llie 
 block about seven tons. It is draped in the eoistuiuc of 
 
UUSTON AXI> VICINITV. 
 
 22a 
 
 the Revolutionary period, the moilel of the artist being a 
 veritable citizeu's suit of Cioveriior Hancock, which has 
 come down to our fjeueration. "The altitude of the 
 figure is highly dignified and imposing. The right hand 
 rests upon a sword, the left being raised as in the act of 
 giving emiihasis to his utterance. The chest is thrown 
 out, the head, wjjich is luicovered, is elevated, and upon 
 the broad brow, and the firm, manly features of the face, 
 thought and soul are unmistakably stamped." 
 
 Charlestown Navy Yard. This naval depot is 
 situated on the north side of Charles River, on a point 
 
•>'2(j HOSroN AM> \ I< IMTY. 
 
 of land east of tlic centre of the city of Charlestown, ex- 
 tending along the liarbor from the mouth of the Charles 
 to the mouth of tlii' Mystic River. This yard was pur- 
 chased by the United States, under authority of an act of 
 Congress, in the year 180U. The State of Massachusetts, 
 by an act of the legislature of that year, gave its assent to 
 the sale, under certain restrictions. The cost of the whole 
 purchase, including commissions, was about forty thousand 
 dollars. On tin; side next the town the yard is protected 
 by a wall of >tone masonry, sixteen feet high; on the 
 harbor side are several wharves and a dry dock ; except 
 the ap[)roach to these, a sea wall is extended the whole 
 harbor line. This dry dock was authorized by the nine- 
 teenth Congress, commenced 10th July, 1827, and opened 
 for the reception of vessels, 2-1 tli .Tune, 18.13. It is built 
 of beautifidly-liannnered granite, in the most workmanlikt; 
 and substantial manner; is three hundred and forty-one 
 feet long, eighty feet wide, and thirty feet deep, and cost 
 jiboul six lumdi-etl and seventy-five thousand dollars. The 
 tirst vessel (locked after its completion was the frigate 
 Constitution. A little farther off, on their own element, 
 float the old co]ipcr bottoms with two or three decks, and 
 with threatening broadsides and bow and stern chasers 
 ready for the woi-k of destruction, but now passive as so 
 many swans. 
 
 Tliere an> in (his yard four l-irjro ship houses, various 
 
UOSTON AM) VICINITV. 21 1 
 
 mochanic shops, storehouses, dwelling houses for the offi- 
 cers, and marine luirijieks, besides an extensive ropewalk 
 of granite. This sti-uetuiv, the finest in the country, is an 
 object worthy the attention of strangers, and w'ill give 
 some idea of the vast amount of expenditure defrayed for 
 public works at this superb naval station. The princij)al 
 building contains in the basement the engine room and 
 boilers; the second story contains the spinning madiinery ; 
 and the " walks," being a quarter of a mile in length, 
 occupy the ground floor. 
 
 There are, too, in the yard large (piantities of timber 
 and naval stores, exceeding in value two millions of dol- 
 lars. IMore or less shi])s of war are at all times lying 
 htu-e in ordinary. There is a sufficient depth of water ibr 
 the largest ships of war to lie afloat, at all times, at the 
 ends of the wharves. The yard contains within the wall 
 about one hundred acres, and, independent of all buildings 
 and works, the site would now readily command more 
 than a million of dollars. 
 
 The visitor to the navy yard will find many objects of 
 interest to claim a share of his attention ; and in every 
 department of this great establishment there is a uniform 
 neatness and order, Avhicli are always pleasing, and for 
 which this station is infei'inr to none in the world. Many 
 improvements liave been made in it within a few years. 
 Its general appearance is neat and fit; and for all manu- 
 
•22H 
 
 BOSTON AM) VICINITY. 
 
 facturing purposes connected witli building and equipping 
 ships of war, perhaps no other yard in the Union offers 
 so great iaeililies. 
 
 The CiiAKLiiSToWN Static Puison is in tlie form of 
 a cross, having lour wings united to a central octagonal 
 building, one for the superintendent and his family, and 
 three of them for inmates. The kitchen is in the centre 
 
 octagon building, in the first story ; the supervisor's room 
 is over the kitchen ; the chapel over the supervisor's room ; 
 the hospital over the chapel ; and so good is the arrange- 
 ment, that all areas, apartments, windows, walls, gallerie.', 
 
BOSTON AM) \ U IMTV. 2j29 
 
 Staircase?, fa>toiiinj;s, oxternal wall>, and external yard 
 walls, except the space outside, at the end of the wings, 
 are under supervision from the centre. If a prisoner 
 breaks out, he only breaks in ; that is, if he escapes 
 from his dormitory into the area, he has still another 
 wall or grating to break, while at the same time he is in 
 sight. 
 
 The buildings being of stone, the cell floors of stone or 
 iron, the galleries and staircases of iion, and the dooi's 
 and gratings of the same material, render the prison 
 nearly fire-proof, while the whole building is ventilated in 
 the most thorough mannei-, each small room, dormitory, or 
 cell being ])rovided with a ventilator, starting fi*om the 
 floor of th(i same, in the centre wall, and conducted, sepa- 
 rate from every other, to the top of the block, where it is 
 connected with a ventiduct. Both at the top and bottom 
 of the room there is a slide, or register, over orifices open- 
 ing into this ventilator, which are capable of being opened 
 or shut. 
 
 School rooms, privilege rooms, chapels, private rooms 
 and places, comfortably large single rooms, are provided, 
 in which all kinds of good instruction can be given. The 
 hospital is large, light, convenient, easily accessible, well 
 warmed, and well ventilated. Tli(> separate rooms are so 
 located and distributed, under supervision, from the centre 
 bnilding, that a gentle knock on the inner side of the door 
 •20 
 
■J'Mi U*).Sr<.)\ ANU VICINITY. 
 
 of each separate lodging room can be heard by the person 
 on dnty in tlie central room tor t;upervision and care, and 
 relief be immediately j)rocured, if seized by sickness. 
 
 Large provision is made of tloors and space for employ- 
 ment, under cover, with good and sufficient light, conven- 
 ience, ar.d supervision. In many old buildings there has 
 not been employment, because there was no place suitable 
 for it. Tiiis diliiculty has received great consideration, 
 and every cttbrt has been made entirely to remove it, so 
 that all the imnates of these buildings should be kept out 
 of idleness, which is the mother of mischief. Labor is 
 favorable to order, discipline, instruction, reformation, 
 health, and self-support. But there can be but little pro- 
 ductive industry without a place for it. A visit to the 
 Avork rooms, comjirising the i-lioc making, whip making, cab- 
 inet making, stone cutting, black? mithing, upholstering, and 
 other departments, generally pleases the visitor, and calls 
 forth encomiums for the stillness, order, and cleanliness 
 observed. 
 
 The MoNiMEXT erected to the memory of John Har- 
 vard is situated on the top of the hill in the old graveyard 
 near the state prison, in Charlesto\\Ti. It was erected by 
 the subscriptions of the graduates of Harvard University. 
 It is con.-:tnicted of granite, in a solid shaft of fifteen feet 
 elevation, and in the simplest style of ancient art. On 
 the eastern lace of the shaft the name of John Harvard 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITV. 
 
 231 
 
 is inscribed ; also on a marble tablet the following : " On 
 the 26th of September, A. D. 1828, this stone was erected 
 by the graduates of the university at Cambridge, in honor 
 of its founder, who died at Charlestown on the 2Gth of 
 S('j)teinb('r, 1 (J.JS." On the western side of the shaft is an 
 inscription in Latin, of the following purport : " That one 
 
 who merits so much from our literary men should no 
 longer be without a monument, however humble, the 
 graduates of the University of Cambridge, New England, 
 have erected this stone, nearly two hundred years after 
 his death, in pious and perpetual remembrance of John 
 
"i'i'J BOSTON AND VKJINITV. 
 
 Harvard." At the erection of this monument, the Hon. 
 Edwaid I'^veiett, who is considered one of tlie most ac- 
 com})n.-hed scholars educated at Harvard CoHege, dehv- 
 ered an appropriate and eloquent address. 
 

 
 y/l'^«^ 
 
CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 "WOODLAWN CKMETERY. ROCK TOWKK. 
 
 WOOD POND. CHELSEA. 
 
 XETHER- 
 
 =^^=?5^^, 
 
 ^a.ai^^«<^ 
 
 WooDLAWN Cemetery is about 
 four miles noi-th of Boston, and two 
 miles from Chelsea. Horse-cars for 
 Chelsea and Woodlawn leave Scollay's 
 Building, Boston, crossing the ferry 
 at the end of Hanover Street. Chel- 
 
 234 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. -230 
 
 sea Ferry is situated at the eud of Hanover Street, and 
 is cue mile and three-eighths long. 
 
 The best mode of reaching Woodlawn now is to cross 
 over the Chelsea Bridge or Chelsea Ferry, and after con- 
 tinuing in the main street for a quarter of a mile, to turn 
 off to tiic left into Washington Avenue, which leads 
 directly to the cemetery. 
 
 By this route the visitor approaches the gate house by 
 Woodlawn Avenue, which is a beautiful curve, rising reg- 
 ularly for a distance of seventeen hundred feet, keeping a 
 width of fifty feet, with sides well planted, and a jet or 
 fountain at its lower extremity. 
 
 The gate house is a fine Gothic building, fifty-six feet 
 wide, with a high centre arch and two side arches. A 
 lodge adjoins it, and the whole structure has been much 
 admired for its dignity and grace. Near to it stands a 
 rustic well house, embowered in roses and running vines. 
 
 A few steps inside the gate bring the visitor to a small 
 triangle, where the avenues diverge. Here stands the St. 
 Bernard dog, the emblem of fidelity and affection, and by 
 his side is the wonderful Ginko tree, the form and leaf of 
 which demand notice. 
 
 On the right, towards the hill, is now seen the Rock 
 Tower, of which a view is presented on the following page. 
 This tower is constructed of rude boulders, with a spiral 
 walk ascending easily to the top. Its base is seventy- 
 
286 
 
 BOSTON AM) VICINITV. 
 
 cijrht feet in diameter, and its altitude about thirty feet. 
 From its summit are seen Lynn, JSaugus, Nahant, tlie sea, 
 bay, and other objects of intere t. When covered with 
 lichens, mosses, ferns, woodbines, and ivy, this ponderous 
 
 T*:^;: 
 
 
 pile will be exceedingly attractive. Eventually it is to 
 r^erve as the base for a high observatory of iron. 
 
 On the left of Entrance Avenue starts off the beautiful 
 N^etherwood Avenue, through which every one should 
 pass, either entering or returning. Near its junction with 
 Forest Glade Avenue, a few feet from the triangle, tui*n- 
 ing to the right, are seen the receiving tombs, remarkable 
 
ii(.»>n)\ AM) VK iMiv. 2."5 7 
 
 lor their neatness and repose. I'assing on towards the 
 north, the long vista of Woodside Avenue will appear; 
 and i)assing through this elegant way, the approach to 
 Chapel Hill is marked l;y a beautiful rustic arch, covered 
 with wild grape vine.% and surmounted by a cro^s bearing 
 on one side the inscription, "I am the true vine," and on 
 the other, " Abide in me." 
 
 In this vicinity are many beautiiid lots and monuments; 
 and near the junction of P'loral and Chajiel Avenues 
 another specimen of the Ginko tree is seen. 
 
 Near tin- entrance to Cha})el Hill is the lot of John M. 
 Brown, and many others in good taste, which we have not 
 room to specity. 
 
 But one of the most delightful scenes any where to be 
 found is Nethcrwood Pond, with its line fountains and 
 beautiful arbor, and the tall trees and gentle slopes which 
 surround it. The views from Elm Hill, also, are fine. 
 
 This cemetery w^ill furnish some of the iinest drives in 
 the vicinity of Boston, and is destined to occupy a high 
 place among the rural beauties of the country. 
 
 Chelsea is one of the pleasantest of our suburban 
 towns, the sti-eets being broad, and bordered with shade 
 trees, well lighted by gas, and lined with tasteful resi- 
 dences. Among the public buildings in the citv are (he 
 Naval Hospital, and the United-States Mauixe Hos- 
 pital. The latter is a large and substantial brick build- 
 
2.18 BOSTON AN1> VICINITY. 
 
 iug at the left of the bridge, and with tlie dwelling-house 
 and the grounds around, including nearly the whole hill, be- 
 longs to the United-States Government. The City Hall 
 is a fine large building of brick. The surface of Chelsea 
 is quite undulating, rising in parts to a considerable eleva- 
 tion. The most considerable of these eminences is Powder 
 Horn Hill, about one mile from the ferry, from the summit 
 of which magnificent views may be obtained of Boston, 
 Charlestown, Bunker Hill, Medford, Lynn, Nahant, and 
 Boston Harbor. Mount Bellingham is a lofty hill, com- 
 manding an extensive prospect, and is already nearly cov- 
 ered with elegant private residences. The attractions of 
 the pla''e are so great that numbers of gentlemen doing 
 bu-iness in Boston and elsewhere make their homes in 
 Chelsea. 
 
CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 CONCORD. LEXINGTON. DORCHESTER HEIGHTS. 
 
 PERKINS INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND. 
 
 Concord and Lexington may be easily reached from 
 the Fitchburg dq)Ot, as Lexington is only eleven miles 
 from Boston, and Concord six miles beyond. The vicinity 
 of these historical places to Boston, and their accessibility 
 by rail or country road, procure them large numbers of 
 visitors during the pleasant months of the year. Boston 
 and its environs abound in mementoes of the rcA'Olution- 
 ary dead; Bunker Hill rises, a sanctified spot forever; 
 llie lieiglits are not yet levelled Avhich once bristled with 
 Washington's cannon, and hastened the evacuation of the 
 town by the British ; and here at Lexington and Concord 
 is the soil that drank the very first blood of the martyrs 
 of liberty — a soil on which the first armed resistance to 
 aggression was attempted. 
 
 Lexington is a very pretty place, and since the estab- 
 lishment of the branch railroad connecting it with Boston, 
 many of our citizens have availed themselves of the op- 
 portunity of residing in the old historic town. Its area 
 
 239 
 
210 
 
 HOSTOX AM) VICIMTV. 
 
 compriserf a great variety of teener}-, and the soil is not 
 ungrateful for the care of the husbaiuhnan. The town is 
 built principally on a broad street, and in about the centre 
 of it is the green on which the monument stands. It is 
 
 built of granite, and has a marble tablet on the south iront 
 of the pedestal, with the following inscription : — 
 
 Sacred to the Liberty and the Rights of Mankind ! ! ! The Freedom 
 and Independence of America — sealed and defended with the blood of 
 her sons. This Monmncnt is erected by the Inhabitants of Lexington, 
 under the patronage and at the expense of the Commonwealth of Mas- 
 sachusetts, to the memory of their Fellow-citizens, Ensign Robert Mon- 
 
BOSTON AND VICINIXV. 241 
 
 roe, Messrs. Jonas Parker, Samuel Hadley, Jonathan Harrington, yr. 
 Isaac Muzzy, Caleb Harrington, and John Brown, of LeSiiit,ton, ;i 
 Asahel Porter, of "VVoburn, who fell on tliis Field, the firs: victims o. 
 the Sword of British Tyranny and Oppression, on the morning of the 
 ever-memorable Nineteenth of April, An. Dom. 1775. The Die was 
 cast ! ! ! The blood of these Martyrs in the Cause of God and their 
 Country was the Cement of the Union of these States, then Colonies, 
 and gave the Spring to the Spirit, Firmness, and Resolution of their 
 Fellow-citizens. They rose as one man to revenge their Brethren's 
 blood, and at the point of the Sword to assert and defend their native 
 Rights. They nobly dared to be Free ! ! ! The contest was long, bloody, 
 and affecting. Righteous Heaven approved the Solemn Appeal ; Vic- 
 tory crowned their Arms, and the Peace, Liberty, and Independence of 
 the United States of America was their glorious Reward. Built in the 
 year 1799. 
 
 Concord is a pleasant little village, and lies upon th'^. 
 Concord River, one of the chief tributaries of the Merri- 
 mac, near the junction of the Assabeth and Sudbury 
 Rivers. Its Indian name was Musketaquid. On account 
 of the peaceable manner in which it was obtained, by 
 purchase, of the aborigines, in 1635, it was named Con- 
 cord. At the north end of the broad street, or common, 
 is the house of Colonel Daniel Shattuck, a part of which, 
 built in 1774, was used as one of the depositories of stores 
 Avhen the British invasion took place. 
 
 The Monument at Concord stands a short distance 
 from the road leading into the town, upon land given for 
 the purpose by Rev. Dr. Ripley. The river runs at the 
 21 
 
242 
 
 nOSTON AND VICINITY'. 
 
 foot of the mound on which it stands. It is built of 
 Carlisle granite, and the following inscription is engraved 
 on a marble table inserted in the eastern face of the ped- 
 estal : — r 
 
 Here, 
 
 On the 19th of April, 1775, 
 was made the first forcible resistance to 
 
 BiuTiSH Aggression. 
 
 On the opposite bank stood the American 
 
 militia, and on this spot the first of the enemy feU 
 
 in the War of the Revolvtion, 
 
 which gave Independence to these United States. 
 
 In gratitude to God, and in the love of Freedom, 
 
 This Monument was erected, 
 
 A. D. 1836. 
 
ItOSTON AND VICINITY'. 243 
 
 The view is from the green shaded lane which leads 
 from the highway to the monument, looking westwaiv]. 
 The two trees, standing one upon each side, without the 
 iron railing, were saplings at the time of the battle ; be- 
 tween them was the entrance to the bridge. The monu- 
 ment is reared upon a mound of earth, a few yards from 
 the left bank of the river. A Uttle to the left, two rough, 
 uninscribed stones from the field mark the graves of tho 
 two British soldiers who were killed and buried upon the 
 spot. 
 
 To reach South Boston from Boston we take the horse- 
 cars, and arc landed in a very short time at Dorchester 
 Heic/hts, which were occupied by Washington and his troops 
 on the night of March 4th, 1776, and by ten o'clock two 
 forts were formed, one towards the city, and the other 
 towards Castle Island. Preparations were made for an 
 attack by the British, and for defence by the Americans ; 
 but the weather prevented the designs of the former, and 
 they embarked for New York. Few visit Boston witliout 
 a view of the spot that once bristled with bayonets, or the 
 lines of the fortifications thrown up so speedily by the 
 Continentals. 
 
 Here, also, stands the Perkins Institute for the Blind. 
 It is open to the public on the afternoon of the first Sat- 
 urday in each month ; but in order to prevent a crowd, 
 no persons are admitted without a ticket, Avhich may be 
 
ifii 
 
 llO^iON AND VICINITY. 
 
 obtained gratuitou.-ly at No. 20 Bromtield Street. A lim- 
 ited number oi strangers, and persons particidariy intei*- 
 ested, may be admitted any Saturday in the forenoon by 
 previously api)lying as above for tickets. 
 
 The pupils in the school are taught reading, writing, 
 arithmetic, geography, histor}', natural philosophy, natui-al 
 
 0"""!)=f^ 
 
 history, and physiology. They are carefully instructed in 
 the theoiy and practice of vocal and instrumental music. 
 Besides this they are taught some handicraft work by 
 which they may earn their livelihood. In this institution, 
 for the first time m the world's history, successful attemnts 
 
liOSTOX AND VIOINITV. 24;') 
 
 were niatle to break through the double walls in which 
 blind deaf niute.s are innmired, and to teach them a sys- 
 tematic kujjiu.age lor cumnumioii with their fellow-men. 
 Laura Bridgman and Oliver Caswell are living refutations 
 of the legal and popular maxim thai those who are born 
 both deaf and blind must be necessarily idiotic. They are 
 pioneers in the way out into the light of knowledge, wliieh 
 may be followed by many others. 
 
 In 1844 a supplementary institution grew out of the 
 parent one, for the employment in han-.licraft work of such 
 blind men and women as could not leadily hnd employ- 
 ment at home. This establishment has been highly suc- 
 cessful. A spacious and convenient workshop has been 
 built at South Bo-ton, to which the work men and women 
 repair every day, and are furnished with work, and paid 
 all they can earn. 
 
 The general course and history of the Perkins Institu- 
 tion has been one of remarkable success. It has always 
 been under the direction of one person. It has grown 
 steadily in public fiivor, and is the means of extended use- 
 fulness. In 1832 it was an experiment; it had but six 
 pupils ; it was in debt, and was regarded as a visionary 
 enierprise. In 1833 it was taken under the patronage of 
 the state ; it was patronized by the wealthy, and enabled 
 to obtain' a permanent local habitation and a name. 
 
 The terms of admission are as follows : the childi'en of 
 21* 
 
2-JU BO.^iON VNK VK.'IMTV. 
 
 citizens of Massachusetts not absolutely wealthy, fnc ; 
 others at the rate of one hundred and sixty dollars a year, 
 which covers all expenses except for clothing. Applicants 
 must be under sixteen years of age. Adults are not 
 received into the institution proper, but they can board in 
 the neighboihood, and be taught trades in the workshop 
 gratuitously. After six months they arc put upon wages. 
 This department is a self->u]iporting one, but its success 
 depends upon the sale of goods at the depot, No. 20 Brom- 
 field Street. Here may be found the work of the blind 
 — all warranted, and put at the lowest market prices; 
 nothing being asked or expected in the way of cliaiity. 
 The institution is not rich, except in the confidence of the 
 public and the pati'onage of the legislature 
 
CHAPTER XXVIII. 
 
 NAHANT. 
 
 Stranger, if you would visit one of the raost pleasant 
 and delightful watering places in the world, seat yourself 
 in the cars, be landed at Lynn, take passage in one of the 
 stages that leave almost hourly, and when deposited in 
 Nahant- take your Guide's word for it- you will bless 
 your stars, and thank him. Here, isolated from the noise, 
 
 249 
 
2.')0 BOSTON AND VICINITT, 
 
 and hoar, and bustle of the city, you may wander by the 
 liour on tlie rocks, and watc-Ii the liquid chisel of the sea 
 t!t its unwearied task upon the lihie and slaty substance 
 of the crajjs. Atom l)y atom they yield to the muscular 
 swing of the billows, worn and })olis!ied by their frothy 
 edges, — the toughest erration eontjuered by the softest, 
 and the noise of this constant scui])ture is the music of 
 the world. 
 
 The rocks are torn into sncii varieties of f)rin, and the 
 beaclies are so hard and smooth, that all the beauty of 
 wave motion and the whole gamut of ocean eloquence are 
 offered here to the eye and ear. The soil swash of the 
 lighter waves upon the sloping sand; the bellow of the 
 l)rrakers that are driven into tlic rifts and caverns where 
 the sunlight never strays ; the gurgle of the waters as 
 they i-un back I'rom out the cold chambers of darkness ; 
 the da-h of an irregular roller u[ion the rough front of 
 the l)altli'ments ; the fulK majc tie bass of a billow that 
 charges the rocks in ))lum('d order; tiie heavy thump of 
 tlie waves upon the ibundation of the rocks, waking a 
 muffled moan, as from the earth's weary heart; and all 
 the si)lendors which the ocoan offers to the eye — the 
 scattering of creamy foam over the pebbly beach, and the 
 dying of its whiteness into the gloomy bronze of the dark 
 seaweed ; the sparkle of the frolicking froth in the sun ; 
 the curl of the solemn rollers, and the bewitching green 
 
bOSTON AND VJCIMJV. 251 
 
 of their crests, as they bend just before they tumble in 
 music; all the loveliness imd majesty of the ocean are 
 displayed around the jagged and savage-browed cliffs of 
 Nahant. 
 
 This Harrt)\v jiromontory, which runs out from Lynn 
 Beach, is crowned with charming gardens, cottages, and 
 villas, and rests like an emerald in its sparkling and fretted 
 framework of brilliants. AVhile the rocks present every 
 variety of color, the cliffs are pierced by fissures, caverns, 
 and grottos so numerous that the visitor stands in awe ; 
 and the shell-crowned beaches of shining, silvery sand are 
 so i^mooth and hard that they take no impress of the 
 steed's hoof or the rolling wheel ; and as the mind does 
 not seem capable of containing all, follow the Guide, and 
 view each object separately. 
 
 Turning to the left of NaHxVNT Beach, over which we 
 have just come, a vast fissure in the cliff, forty feet in 
 depth, is seen, bearing the name of John's Peril. At 
 the distance of three fourths of a mile from where we 
 
'2i^'2. BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 Stand, Egg Rock rises abruptly from the sea to the hei;iht 
 of eighty -six feet. Its sliape is oval, and on its summit 
 the gulls (U'[)osit their eggs in abundance, whence it takes 
 its name.* Passing the luox JMi:>K, (a huge black ledge,) 
 we reach Thk Spouting Hokn. Here the water, after 
 being driven through a rocky tunnel one hundred feet in 
 length into a deejj cavern, is spouted forth in wild sheets 
 of foam and si)ray, while the Atlantic's billows seem to 
 jar the solid rocks with thundering sound, and shake the 
 very crags that dare to stay their onward pi'ogress. Pass- 
 ing Saindp'.ks's Lkdge, we reach 
 
 Castle Rock. The Imttlements, buttresses, turrets, 
 and embrasures of an ancient castle ere sc faithfully rep • 
 
 * A UL'lit hou-ii' has been erpctpd on this rock. 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY^ 
 
 2r)3 
 
 resented by this immense pile of rocks, that one almost 
 waits for tiie warden's challenge or the trumpet's blast 
 and expects to see the square openings (so like doors mid 
 windows) peopled with armed men. 
 
 In Caldkon Cliff the water boils with tremendous 
 force and fury during great storms ; and in Roaring 
 Cavern the sound is distinctly heard. Crossing Natu- 
 ral Bridge, we may see the varying tides and jagged 
 rocks full twenty feet below us, and we reach 
 
 PuLi'iT Rock, a huge mass of stone nearly twenty feet 
 square, and rising full thirty feet above the yeasty billows. 
 The upper portion of the rock bears a sti-iking resem- 
 blance to a pile of books, with a seat opening in their 
 22 
 
K>A 
 
 BOSTON AND VICINITr. 
 
 midst ; but the steepness of the crag renders the ascent 
 very ditRcuh, as the road to knowledge always has been 
 found to be. 
 
 -.j^ 
 
 Swallows' Cavf, is a passage eight feet high, ten 
 wide, and seventy-two feet in length, opening into the sea. 
 Formerly the swallows inhabited this cave in great num- 
 bers, and built their nests in the irregularities of the rocks 
 above ; but the multitude of visitors has frightened them 
 away. Continuing on our way, we reach 
 
BOSTON AND VICINHV. 
 
 255 
 
 Iiikxe's Grotto, a tall arch, grotosque juid beautiful, 
 leading to a large room in the rock, and one of the great- 
 f^st curiosities on Nahant. Near by is the Steamboat 
 Wharf. The cut at the head of this chapter (page 
 249) is a representation of the hotel forinei'ly standing 
 at East Point, Nahaut, which was ])r()l>ably the largest 
 hotel iu America, the carpeted floors covering an area of 
 nearly four acres ; nine miles of wire being required to 
 connect the bells with the annunciator ; and the whole of 
 the immense establishment lighted with gas manufactured 
 on the premises. It was built in the year 1824, and was 
 purchased in the year 1853 of the then pi'oprietor, Phiu- 
 ehas Drew, by four gentlemen of Lynn, and by tliem re- 
 modelled and greatly enlarged, and for several years was 
 
256 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 occupied by the Avell-known landlonl, Paran Stevens, du- 
 ring which time Nahaut was one of the most popular 
 wateriug-phiccs in tlie United »States. The Iiotel was 
 entirely desti'oyed by hie in September, 18C1, since which 
 time no hotel has been erected on its site. A hotel, 
 smaller but eoinniotlioiis. kept by Albert Whitney, has 
 been the resort ot" travellers for some thirty years ; and a 
 number of boardinir-hoiises afford accommodation to the 
 many visitors who annually sj)end a portion of the sum- 
 mer at this ])leasaiit resort. The peninsula is dotted over 
 Avith the cottages of li<»ston merchants, who early sought 
 this charming spot, where they find coolness and quiet 
 during the warm season. The proximity of Nahant to 
 Boston, and the excellent facilities which there usually 
 ai"e for getting there, render it one of the most desirable 
 places for a summer residence to be found upon the whole 
 New-England coast. 
 
 We cannot better finish our description of this match- 
 less watering place than by the following, from the pen of 
 the late Alonzo Lewis, of Lynn, a gentleman well known 
 to the literary world. 
 
 " The temperature of Nahant, being moderated by sea 
 breezes, so as to be cooler in summer and milder in winter 
 than the main land, is regarded as being highly conducive 
 to health. It is delightful in summer to I'amble round 
 this romantic [wninsula. and to examine at leisure its in- 
 
UO.STON .VN1> VUINITV. 2'i)7 
 
 leresting curiosities — to lieai' the waves rippling (he col- 
 ored i)ebbles of the beaches, and see them glidini; over 
 the pi-ojecting ledges in fanciful cascades — to beliold the 
 plovers and sandpipers nuuiing along the beaches, the 
 seal slumbering u])on the outer rocks, the white gulls soar- 
 ing ovei-hcad, the porpoises pursuing their rude gniubols 
 along the shore, and the curlew, the loon, the black duck, 
 and the coot, the brant, with his dappled neck, and the 
 oldwife, with her strange, wild, vocal melody, swimming 
 gracefully in the coves, and rising and sinking with the 
 swell of th(^ tide. The moonlight evening- here are ex- 
 ceedingly lovely; and the plios])horic rad-ance of the bil- 
 lows, on favorable nights, (making the waters look like a 
 sea of fire,) exhibits a scene of wonderful beauty. 
 
 " But. however delightful Xahant may appear in sum- 
 mer, it is surpassed by the grand<Hir and sublimity of a 
 winter storm. AVhen the strong ea-t wind has swept over 
 the Atlantic for several days, and the billows, wrought uu 
 to fury, are foaming along like living mountains — break- 
 ing U[)on the precipitous clIHs — da>hing into the rough 
 goi'ges — thundering in the subterranean caverns of rocks, 
 and throwing the whiti; ioam and spray, hke vast columns 
 of smoke, hundreds of feet in the air, above the tallest 
 ciifls — an appearance is presented which the wildest 
 unagination cannot surpass. Then the ocean — checked 
 in its headlong career by a simple bar of sand — as if 
 22* 
 
"258 BOSTON AXU VICrNITY. 
 
 mad with its detention, roars like protracted thunder; and 
 the wild sea birds, borne along by the furious waters, are 
 dashed to death against the cliffs. Standing at such an 
 hour upon the rocks, I have seen the waves bend bars of 
 iron an incli in diameter double, float rocks of granite six- 
 
 teen feet in length, as if they were timbers of wood, and 
 the wind, seizing the white gull in its irresistible embrace, 
 bear her, shrieking, many miles into Lynn woods. In 
 summer a day nt Nahant is delightful ; and a .storm in 
 winter is glorious, but terrible." 
 
 Maolis. — Mr. Tudor, known as tlio iec-king, from 
 his enterprise* in supplying many portions of the globe 
 with ice from ^Massachusetts, set apart from his extensive 
 possessions this beautiful spot for parties of pleasure, who 
 resort thither, in summer, in large numbers, from the neigh- 
 boring towns and cities. He selected its fanciful name, 
 
IIOSTUX AND VICINITY. 259 
 
 Siloum reversed, from the health-giviug property of its 
 t!ea-baths, to be enjoyed in the grottos and recesses of its 
 shores. Money has been profusely expended in mason, 
 shell, and pebble work, statuary, fountains, swings, and 
 other contrivances for amusement ; and the crowd that 
 resort there on pleasant days proves it to have been well 
 laid out. The grounds comprise about twenty acres, and 
 border several hundred feet upon the sea. They com- 
 mand a superb view of P^gg Rock, Little Nahant, Lynn, 
 Swampscott, and Phillips' Beach ; and of a summer noon- 
 day, as the eye ranges over the gleaming waters to the 
 graceful headlands peering in the distance, it takes in a 
 .scene, which, once enjoyed, will ever be remembeied wi.li 
 dcliu:ht. 
 
CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 nOSTOM HARBOR. ISLANDS. FARM SCHOOL. ALMS- 
 HOUSE. FORT INDKPKNDENCE. FOHT WINTHROP. 
 
 The readiest way of regaining the city is to take 
 passage on board a steamer lying at tlie wharf. The 
 trip occupies only about forty minutes, and is one of 
 260 
 
BOSTON AXl) VICINITY. 261 
 
 the most delightful that can be imagined. Shooting off 
 from the rocky peninsula, and leaving beliind Nahant, 
 ^\llh its enchanting a.s>ociations, we have time, as the little 
 .-teamer goes puffing along, to see the Islands in Boston 
 Harbor ; and il" there are natural beauties, romantic ele- 
 vations, or silent and wild retreats in the vicinity of Bos- 
 ton, they are in the hai-bor. These islands are gradually 
 wearing away ; and where; large herds of cattle once fed, 
 the ocean now rolls its angry billows, and lashes with au 
 overwhchning surge the la.-t remains of earth. 
 
 We can see the Lower Light, or, farther off, the smoke 
 rising from Hull Nearer by, George's Island, with com- 
 manding Fort Warren upon it, ready to annihilate any 
 intruder ; (this island is the key to the harbor, command- 
 ing tlie o[)(>n sea, and rising in some places nearly fifty 
 feet aboAe high water mark ;) and the rocks of Nix's Mate 
 may be seen, where tradition says a captain was murdered 
 by his mate, and buried. The Lighthouse, and the splen- 
 did building formerly occupied as a hotel, in the form of 
 a Greek cross, and which is often visited by parties who 
 sail down the harbor, show plainly on Long Island. 
 In the rear is Rainaford Island and the Quarantine 
 Gronnd. Not far off are Spectacle and Thompson's 
 Islands. On the latter is situated the Farm School. 
 The objects of the institution are, to rescue from the ill- 
 
262 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 and the temptations of povei'ty and neglect those who 
 have been left without a parent's care ; to reclaim from 
 moral exposure those who are treading the paths of dan- 
 ger; and to offer to those whose only training would 
 otherwise have been in the walks of vice, if not of crime, 
 the greatest blessing which New England can bestow upon 
 her most favored sons. The occupations and employments 
 of the boys vary with the season. In spring, summer, 
 and autumn, the lai'ger boys work u])on the garden and 
 farm. Tiie younger boys iiave small gardens of their own, 
 which aiford them recreaiion when released from school. 
 In the winter season most of them attend school, where 
 they are instructed in the learning usually taught in our 
 common schools, and some of them are employed in 
 making and mending clothes and shoes for the institution. 
 The winter evenings are occupied with the study of geog- 
 raphy and the use of globes, botany and practical agri- 
 culture, lecturing on different subjects, singing, and I'eading. 
 Every boy in the institution is recpiired to be present 
 during the evening exercises, if he is able. At the age 
 of twenty-one each boy is entitled to a suit of clothes, and 
 if apprenticed to a farmer, to one hundred dollars in money 
 in addition. The boys are all comfortably chul with wool- 
 Ion clothes, slioes, stockings, and caps, and appear to be 
 a-; ha]ipy in their j^re^-cnt situation as boys generally are 
 under the paternal roof They are well supplied with 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. 263 
 
 books, and requircil to keep them in order, their library 
 eontaining about four hundred volumes of well-selected 
 books. Oi)i)ortunities are oceasionally offered to the 
 friends of boys at the institution of visiting them on the 
 island in the summer months. 
 
 On the long promontory in the rear is Squantum, the 
 very name of whieh is sufficient to conjure up ideas of 
 chowders, fishing {)arties, &c. 
 
 We shoot past Dver Maitd, on which stands the Alms- 
 HOUSK. The form of this structure is that of a " Latin 
 cross," having its four wings radiating at right angles from 
 a " central building." The central building is four stories 
 high ; the lower story (on a uniform level with the cellars 
 or work rooms of the north, east, and west wings) contains 
 the bathing rooms, cleansing rooms, furnace, and fuel 
 rooms ; the two next stories contain the general guard 
 room, to be used also as a w^ork room ; the next story is 
 the chapel; and the upper story is the hospital. The 
 south wing is four stories high ; the lower one contains the 
 family kitchens and entry of the superintendent's family ; 
 the second is appropriated for the family parlors of the 
 superintendent, and a room for the use of the directors, 
 together with the entrances and staircases, and the opening 
 or carriage wny for receiving the paupers. The staircases 
 communicating with the guard room, and with the cleans- 
 ing rooms in the lower story of the central building, are 
 
264 BOSTON AND VICINITV. 
 
 also located in this story. The two remaining stories 
 ?a'e used for the family sleeping rooms, superintendent's 
 ofiice, officers' rooms, and bathing rooms, together with the 
 entries, passages, closets, and staircases. Each of the 
 north, east, and west wings is three stories high, with base- 
 ments and attics over the whole surface of each wing. 
 The basements are for work rooms. The remaining 
 stories, includhig the attics, contain tlie wards, hospitals, 
 and day rooms lor the inmates, together with the sk-eping 
 and inspection rooms for the nurses and attendant.-. 
 There is a chapel, with a gaileiy, occupying seventy-five 
 by seventy-five feet, on the third floor of the central build- 
 ing, equal in height to two stories. The floor of the 
 chapel is on a level with the attic floors of the wings. It 
 is well lighted, in a central position, of convenient access 
 from all parts of the establishment, and is commodious 
 enough for those who are able to attend religious woi*- 
 ship, out of even a larger population than twche hundred. 
 
 The paupers, as they arrive, are received at a central 
 point, under the eye of the superintendent, in his office, as 
 they approach ; thoroughly cleaned, if necessary, in the 
 basement central a])artments for cleansing; and distrib- 
 uted, when ])r('parcd for distribution, to those parts of the 
 building assigned to the classes to which they belong. 
 
 As the channel narrows, we pass between Castle and 
 Winthrop Islnnfls. On the former stands Fort Inpk- 
 
BUsTUN AND VICINITY. 2G5 
 
 PENDENCE. The following is the quaint description of 
 the Castle as it was first built : " The Castle is built on the 
 North-East of the Island, upon a rising hill, very advan- 
 tageous to make many shots at such ships as shall offer to 
 enter the Harbor, without their good leave and liking; 
 the Commander of it is one Captain Davenport, a man 
 approved for his faithfulness, courage, and skill, the Mas- 
 ter Canoneer is an active Ingineer ; also this Castle hath 
 
 * 
 cost about four thousand pounds, yet are not this poor pil- 
 grim people weary of maintaining it in good repair ; it is 
 of very good use to awe any insolent persons, that putting 
 confidence in their ships and sails, shall offer any injury to 
 the people, or contemn their Government ; and they have 
 certain signals of alarums, which suddenly spread through 
 the whole country." By these alarums is meant the can- 
 non and beacon light upon the great natural pinnacle of 
 Beacon Hill. 
 
 It was afterwards rebuilt with pine trees and earth. In 
 a short time this also became useless, and a small castle 
 was built, with brick walls, and had three rooms in it ; a 
 dwelling room, a lodging room over it, and a gun room 
 over that. The erection of this castle gave rise to the 
 present name of the island. At one time there was like- 
 wise a strong building erected on the island for the recep- 
 tion of convicts whose crimes deserved the gallows, but 
 by the lenity of the government had their punishment 
 28 
 
;(3G 
 
 BOSTON AND VICIMTY. 
 
 changed. Here abode the celebrated Stephen Burrongh'. 
 This island belongs to the United States, by which Foi t 
 Lidependence has been erected on the castle ruins. 
 
 On the west side of the wall a tombstone stands, beneath 
 which sleeps the good old Edward Pursley, whose spirit, 
 
BOSTON AND VICINn'Y. 267 
 
 we ti-ust, has spent nearly a century in heaven. There is 
 likewise an ancient slab, small, of red sandstone, bearing 
 the name of Nathaniel Ely, but no date, and, stranger to 
 relate, no epitaph ! But turning the western flank of a 
 battery that fronts on the channel towards the city, Ave be- 
 hold a different monument, each of whose four faces bears 
 an inscription. Here, the name — an otficer of U. 8. 
 Light Artillery ; there, that the stone is erected by the 
 officers of his regiment; on the third side, that he fell 
 near the spot ; and on the fourth, the distich from CoUins's 
 beautiful ode : — 
 
 " Here Honor comes, a pilgrim gray, 
 To deck the turf that wraps his clay." 
 
 Here we may observe the wonderful beauty of the har- 
 bor, with its cities on land, and its steeple-pointed ship- 
 ping, in the midst of which sit so lovely the flocks of 
 graceful and motionless islands. 
 
 Governor's Island lies about one mile north of Castle 
 Island, and was first called Conant's Island. It was de- 
 mised to Governor Winthrop in 1632, and for many years 
 after was called the Governor's Garden. Here the United 
 States government is building a fortress called Fort Win- 
 throp. Its situation is very commanding, and in some 
 respects superior to Castle Island. 
 
 It is a pleasing occupation, as we glide along, to watch 
 
•2(J8 
 
 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 the outward-bound vessels, their canvas first becoming 
 dim as tliey tend towards the distant horizon, and finally 
 blotted out in the misty obscurity of the sea distance. 
 The imagination loves to follow them in their flight, and 
 picture their adventures on that vast watery expanse 
 whose daily history is full of marvel, and Avhose dark 
 depths shroud mysteries never to be unfolded to mortal 
 ken. 
 
 Few visitors, after landing at Liverpool Wharf, (once, 
 under the title of " Griffin's Wharf," so celebrated for the 
 waste of English tea that occurred there,) do not cherish 
 the most pleasing reminiscences of their visit to Nahant 
 and sail up Boston Harbor. 
 
CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 BLACKSTONE SQUARE. — FRANKLIN SQUARE. 'WILLIAMS 
 
 MARKET. FOREST HILLS CEMETERY. 
 
 Forest Hills Cemetery is situated between Norfolk 
 and Bristol Turnpike, Walk Hill, Canterbury, and Scar- 
 borough Streets, in Roxbury. It may be reached from 
 the Providence Depots or by horse cars ; but it will be 
 found more pleasing to go by horse cars, and return in 
 the steam cars. As the car rolls along, we can catch a 
 hasty view of Williams Market, of the high stone walls 
 of the Cemetery^ and of Blackstove, Fran]di?i, and Worces- 
 ter Squares, and Chester Park. 
 
 The former {Blackstone Square) on the west side of 
 Washington Street, beyond No. 773, containing one hun- 
 dred and five thousand feet of land, and now laid out 
 with young trees, is an ornament to this portion of 
 the city. The fence is constructed of iron, and lias a 
 length of thirteen hundred feet, tlie cost of which was five 
 thousand dollars. Of this sum, two thousand dollars were 
 contributed by the property holders or residents around 
 
 the square. 
 
 or* 269 
 
1*70 
 
 BOST(.>N AND VrciMTV. 
 
 Franklin Square is opposite Blackstone Square, and 
 contains the same quantity of ground, and is improved in 
 the same style as tlie former. A Cochituate fountain is 
 provided in the centre of each square, at a cost of seven 
 
 hundred and fifty dollars each, exclusive of the pipe and 
 vase. 
 
 A hasty glance is all we catch of fine dwellings and 
 beautiful gardens, as we ]>ass raj)idly tln-ough Roxbury. 
 But at length we ai'rive at the Cemetery, the description 
 of which (by permission of Mr. Crafts) we are allowed to 
 borrow from " The Guide to Forest Hills," of which he is 
 the author. 
 
KOsnjN AM> VK.'IXITY. 271 
 
 The approaches to Forest Hills from all sides are 
 through plea.-^aiit and quiet roads, by well-cultivated lands, 
 delightful rural residences, or by the wilder beauties of 
 unadorned nature. In the season of verdure and flowers, 
 few more agreeable drives can be Ibnnd in the vicinity of 
 lioston than tlnuugh the streets and avenues that lead to 
 the cemetery. There are beautiful views in every direc- 
 tion from the elevated grounds, and in the valleys or the 
 woods many a nook may be observed where cottages may 
 nestle, while all around are springing up elegant villas, 
 and pleasant grounds mark the progress of taste and 
 relinenient. But from no direction is the cemetery notice- 
 able at a)iy distance, except perhaps on the south-eastern 
 side. It is shut out from the world, a calm retreat, though 
 near the rapid tide of life. 
 
 The main entrance to the cemetery is reached from the 
 highway, Scarborough Street,'*by a broad avenue, which 
 curves up a gentle ascent, till it reaches the gateway. As 
 it approaches the gateway, this avenue is divided by a 
 group of trees, but unites again directly in front of the 
 entrance. The gateway at this entrance is of somewhat 
 imposing dimensions, the whole structure having a front 
 of one hundred and sixty feet. The carriage way is 
 through an Egyptian portico, copied from an ancient por- 
 tico at Garsery, on the Upi)er Kile. On each side, a lit- 
 tle removed, are smaller gates for pedestrians, and near 
 
BOSTON A\u viciNirr. 273 
 
 tliese are ftinall lodges corresponding with the gateway in 
 
 I'jtoii the outfM- architrave of the gateway are inscribed, 
 ill golden letters, the words, — 
 
 "THOUGH I WALK THUOVGII THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH 
 I WILL FEAR NO EVIL." 
 
 On the interior architrave, in the same kind of letters, are 
 the words, — 
 
 " I AM THE KESURRECTION AND THE LIFE." 
 
 Consecrated June 28. 1848. 
 
 The gateway and lodges are built of wood, painted and 
 sanded in imitation of Jersey sandstone. 
 
 There are other entrances on the southern and eastern 
 sides of the cemetery. On the southern side the cemetery 
 grounds do not extend to any public street, but an avenue 
 thirt}-three feet wide is laid out from Walk Hill Street to 
 the boundary of the cemetery, where there is an entrance 
 through a gate supported by Egyptian piers. This avenue 
 is shaded on each side by thickly-growing evergreens, and 
 from it the visitor enters at once upon one of the most 
 beautiful i)arts of the cemetery. 
 
 From the main entrance three avenues diverge towards 
 different parts of the cemetery, that on the right, however, 
 being designed to open into lands which have not yet been 
 
r.O.STOX ANU VICIXITV. 
 
 added to the grounds. Chestnut Avenue, which leads to 
 the left, passes over a gentle elevation, and thence thiough 
 the vale of Lake D<'11 towards Consecration Hill. On the 
 riirlit hand of this avenue, before reachinji Lake Dell, 
 
 rises a rocky eminence, called Snowjlake Cliff', from a 
 beautiful wild ))]ant which grows at its base. From the 
 summit of tliis rock there is a beautiful view of the villa<re 
 
BOSTON AND VICINITY. 27i> 
 
 of Jamaica Plain, and of the wooded bills of Brookline 
 and the country beyond. 
 
 Lake Dell is a natural pool, thickly overshadowed by 
 trees which grow fioni its banks. On either side an ave- 
 nue is laid out, and from these the wooded hills rise, en- 
 closing a most quiet and beautiful dell, suggesting the 
 name of the pond. 
 
 From the eastern end of Lake Dell, Magnolia Avenue 
 leads to the summit of Consecration Jlill, which rises in 
 an angle of the cemetery, and touches its northern and 
 eastern boundaries. As its name indicates, the consecra- 
 tion services were performed here, at the loot of its south- 
 ern slope, while the audience which was gathered there on 
 that day were ranged upon the hill side. Consecration 
 Hill is one of the highest of the Forest Hills, and from 
 its summit is a beautiful prospect. Through the vistas of 
 the trees there are charming views of the Blue Hills and 
 the intervening valley, and in other directions of hills and 
 plains, of farm houses, villas, and cottages, with here and 
 there a church spire rising above the distant woods. 
 
 Following Rock IMaple Avenue, the visitor is led from 
 the eastern end of Lake Dell around the base of Mount 
 Warren, which rises on the right, for the most part regu- 
 larly but steeply, with here and there large boulders pro- 
 truding above the surface. The side of Mount Warren is 
 clothed with a thick growth of wood, and this avenue, in 
 
y/G 
 
 UOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 (he afternoon especially, lies in deej) shadow under the 
 foliage. Curving around the foot of the hill, it is a pleas- 
 a:it approach to some of the more attractive spots in the 
 
 cemetery, and leads directly to the jileasant dell at the foot 
 of Mount Dearhorn and Fountain Ilill. In this dell there 
 is a little nook, which seems almost a grotto under the 
 
IIOSTON AND VICXXITY. 277 
 
 o\erlianging foliaG;e of trees and shrubs fliat grow on the 
 precipitous sides of Fountain HilL The deep shadows 
 seem to spread a refreshing coolness around, and invite 
 one to rest on the garden scats, which are disposed on one 
 side, while on the other is a rustic fountain — a natural 
 spring, over which is erected a covering of rough stones. 
 The stones are clothed with lichens, and in the interstices 
 are planted moss, brakes, and other wild plants, the whole 
 forming a pretty rustic monument. (Jn the upper stone is 
 fixed a bronze plate bearing the following words : — 
 
 *' WHOSOEVEll URINKETH OF THIS WATEU WILL THIIIST AGAIN : BIT 
 
 THii WATEU THAT I SHALL GIVE WILL BE IN HIM A WELL OF 
 
 WATER SPRINGIXG UP INTO EVERLASTING LIFE." 
 
 From this vicinity two avenues lead up, through natural 
 depressions, to the higher plain of the cemetery, one on 
 each side of Mount Dearborn. The eastern side of this 
 hill is very rough and precijjitous, huge boulders being 
 piled one above another, in fantastic shapes, clothed with 
 shrubbery which grows in the fissures of the stones, and 
 sliaded by trees which have found root beneath them. 
 
 From the Fountain Dell a steep path leads up the 
 southern side of IMount Dearborn, and then up its more 
 gentle western slope to the top. As seen from the plain 
 on tlie west of the hill, it appears to be only a slight ele- 
 vation, but it rises to a considerable height above the low 
 '24 
 
27.S 
 
 BOSTON AND VICINITY. 
 
 land on the opposite side. On the summit is the monu- 
 ment erected by his friends and fellow-citizens as a tribute 
 to the memory of General Dearborn. The prospect from 
 
 this hill is not very extensive, but glimpses may be had of 
 some of the most finished and beautiful portions of the 
 cemeterv. 
 
liOSTOX AND VICINITY. l'7i) 
 
 From the dell which divides Mount Dearborn from 
 Mount Wurren an avenue leads, by a somewhat steep 
 ascent, to the top of the latter, which is, in fact, rather 
 fable land than a hill. The i)rospect from Mount Warren 
 is more limiied than that from some of the otlicr hills, 
 owing to the growth of the trees wluch skirt its sides. 
 But here and there, through the trees, a distant picture 
 of rural scenery may be seen, or a nearer one of some 
 beautiful si)ot in the cemetery, with the marble monuments 
 gleaming among the foliage and flowers. 
 
 The burial lot of the Warren family is on the summit 
 of Mount Warren. The ashes of General Warren, with 
 oihers of the family, have recently been taken from their 
 original resting place, deposited in urns, and reinterred in 
 this lot; so that these grounds are in fact the shrine which 
 contains his sacred remains. 
 
 The Eliot Hills, which take their name from the apostle 
 Eliot, are four eminences in the south-western part of the 
 cemetery ; or, more correctly, there is but one hill, having 
 several small ridges or undulations near its summit. The 
 summit of this hill is of solid rock. Here it is proposed 
 to erect a monument to commemorate the virtues and 
 labors of the devoted Eliot, who for nearly sixty years 
 was tlie pastor of the First Church in Roxbury, who, 
 ^\dth so much of self-sacrifice and untiring energy, sought 
 
2.S0 BOSTON AND VICIMTT. 
 
 to civilize and Christianize the savage, and who so truly 
 earned the noble title of "Apostle to the Indians." 
 
 On the south of Mount Dearborn is another elevation 
 of al)oiU the same height, which is called Fountain Hill, 
 from the spring at its base, betbre alluded to. On the 
 side of the Fountain Dell this hill is very precipitous, and 
 thickly covered with trees and underwood. The eastern 
 and south-eastern slopes are (piite steep, but nuich less 
 rugged and jtrecipitous. Down its sides paths lead to 
 Fountain Dell and towards Lake Hibiscus, which can be 
 seen gleaming through the ibliage. Towards the south a 
 path of more gentle descent, overlooking the lake, leads 
 down to the grounds in the vicinity of the Field of Mach- 
 pelah. For a ]iortion of the distance, the outer side of 
 this path is supported by a rough wall, through which 
 alitor v'itiB and other trees have been made to grow, the 
 roots being planted below the wall. These trees, w'hen 
 they shall attain a larger growth, will add much to the 
 picturesque beauty of this hill side. 
 
 Into this portion of the cemetery the southern entrance 
 opens, and in the vicinity of the gateway the pine grove 
 retains more of its original solemn beauty. Down the 
 avenue wliicli leads irom this gateway to Walk Hill Street, 
 with its thick evergreens, is a view through the long vista 
 which is sure to attract the eye. 
 
 Cypress Hill, which is the first elevation on the open 
 
H06T0N ANU VICINJ 1 V. 2« I 
 
 portion of the cemetery, immediately overlooks the quiet 
 plain of " Canterbury," and a portion of the neighboring 
 cemetery of Mount Hope. On the opposite side there 
 are views of different portions of the cemetery grounds. 
 There are but few trees on this hill, except those recently 
 planted ; but there is a quiet charm about the spot, even 
 in its openness and want of shade, so favorable for the 
 distant prospect, that makes it one of the attractive local- 
 ities of the cemetery. East of Cypress Hill extend the 
 open grounds, presenting an undulating surface — gentle 
 swells of land, which gradually descend to the fertile 
 plain near the eastern boundary. 
 
 Lake Hibiscus, already an attractive feature, promises 
 to be one of the chief beauties of Forest Hills. It lies a 
 short distance east of Fountain Hill, and is approached by 
 avenues from different parts of the cemetery. In it two 
 islands have been formed, one of which contains a copious 
 and never-failing spring of crystal w^ater, which gushes up 
 through the pebbly bottom of a little basin. About the 
 island birches are planted, and willows are trained across 
 the rustic bridge by which it is reached. This island is a 
 favorite resort for visitors, who gather here to watch the 
 graceful swans and the snowy ducks, as they sail about 
 their domain. The beautiful swans, especially, are always 
 objects of interest, and ore quite ready to meet .their vis- 
 itors, and receive food from their hands. From them the 
 24 * 
 
282 
 
 BOSTON AND VKJINITY. 
 
 Other island, which is hirger than that containing the spring, 
 takes its name, and to their use it is to be appropriated. 
 
 The numerous boulders which are scattered over some 
 parts of the cemetery have not only added to the pictu- 
 
 resque character of its scenery, but have afforded an op- 
 portunity for rustic ornament in laying out the grounds 
 
bOSTON ANU VKJINITY. 2^:^ 
 
 Some of the most striking and pictiiic (\iw rocks liave 
 been suffered to remain in their natural state, the hibor 
 of art going only so far as more clearly to develop their 
 beauty, and to adorn the grounds around. One of the 
 most picturesque grou])s of these rocks is on the lot of 
 General William II. Sumner, called Sumner Hill, on the 
 western slope of Mount Warren. They have not suffered 
 by the hand of art, and the lot is one of the most beauti- 
 ful and appropriate in the whole cemetery. 
 
 The number of monuments at Forest Hills, compared 
 Avith the number of lots which have been taken, is small. 
 In this respect it presents a contrast with INlount Auburn, 
 wher» that cemetery was in the early period of its exist- 
 ence. There, monuments were erected on a large propor- 
 tion of the lots first taken ; in many cases before the lots 
 were enclosed, and before interments had been made in 
 them. At Forest Hills, from the first, the erection of 
 monuments seems to have been the exception rather than 
 the rule. A large number of the lots are enclosed, and 
 the name of the proprietor is borne ujion the gate, with- 
 out any monumental structure or stone. Even where 
 interments have been made, the grave is in many cases 
 adorned with fiowers, or is marked by a simple slab or 
 scroll, but has no more ostentatious stone to bear the in- 
 scriptions which sorrow sometimes places over the beloved 
 and the good. It is a simpler custom, perhaps less attrac- 
 
284 BOSTON AM> VM'INITV. 
 
 live to the eye of some observers, but quite as impressive 
 to the heart of him 
 
 " who wanders through these solitudes 
 
 In mood contemplative." 
 
 Such is a brief outline of some of the scenery and 
 beauties of Forest Hills, designed to lead the reader to 
 those places where the beauties may be seen, rather than 
 to desci'ibe them. The eye of taste will find much to ob- 
 serve that has not here been mentioned, and in nearly all 
 parts of the cemetery objects and views which will attract 
 and delight. Time, too, must create much that will add 
 to the attractions of tlie place. But, even now, it needs 
 only a visit to see and to feel that Foiest Hills, in tlicir 
 natural and artificial beauty and fitiu'ss, are not surpassed 
 by any other rural or garden cemetery. 
 
ADDENDA. 
 
 The rates of fare in the city of Boston, to be taken by 
 or paid to the owner or driver of any licensed carriage, are 
 as follows : — 
 
 For carrying a passenger from one place to another, 
 within the city proper, fifty cents. 
 
 For children between three and twelve years of age, 
 if more tnan one, or if accompanied by an adult, half 
 price only is charged for each child ; and for children 
 under three years of age, when accompanied by then- 
 parents, or any adult, no charge is made. Every driver 
 or owner of any licensed carriage is obliged to carry with 
 each passenger one trunk, and a valise, saddle bag, carpet 
 bag, portmanteau, box, bundle, basket, or other article 
 used in travelling, if he be requested so to do, without 
 charge or compensation therefor ; but for every trunk or 
 other such article as above named, more than two, he ia 
 entitled to demand and receive the sum of five cents. 
 
 286 
 
286 ADDKNDA. 
 
 DISTANCES IN BOSTON FROM THE EXCHANGE, IN 
 STATE STREET. 
 
 To the Providence Depot, three quarters of a mile ; the 
 Worcester and Old Colony Depots, two thirds of a mile ; 
 the Boston and Maine Depot, one third of a mile ; the 
 Lowell Depot, two thirds of a mile ; the Eastern Depot, 
 half a mile ; Bunker Hill Monument and Navy Yard, 
 one and a quarter miles ; Roxbury, two and a half miles ; 
 Chelsea, two miles ; Cambridge bridge, three (juarters of 
 a mile ; Harvard University, three and a half miles ; 
 Mount Auburn, four and a half miles ; Fresh Pond, five 
 miles ; East Boston, one and one third miles ; Mount 
 Washington and Dorchester Heights, South Boston, two 
 miles ; House of Reformation, South Boston, two and 
 three quarters miles. 
 
 Steamers leave Boston — For Eastport, Calais, 
 and St. Johns, N. B. The steamers New Brunswick 
 and New England leave Commercial Wharf. 
 
 For Gardiner, Hallowell, Richmond, and Bath. 
 Four excellent steamers are nriw ruiinin". 
 
ADDENDA. 
 
 i'K7 
 
 For ]}AN<;on and intermediate landings. The steamer 
 Katahdin leaves Foster's Wharf. 
 
 For Bangor. Inland route, via Portland. The steamer 
 Regulator leaves Portland on arrival of the train that 
 leaves Boston. 
 
 For HiNGHAM. The steamer Rose Standish leaves 
 Liverpool Wharf. 
 
 For Nahant. The steamer leaves Liverpool Wharf. 
 
 For Portland. The steamers Montreal and Lew- 
 I8TON leave India Wharf. 
 
 From Portland the Grand Trunk Railavay passes 
 through 
 
 Falmouth, 
 
 Cumberland, 
 
 Yarmouth, 
 
 Yarmouth Junction, 
 
 North Yarmouth, 
 
 Pownall, 
 
 New Gloucester, 
 
 Cobb's Bridge, 
 
 Danville Junction, 
 
 Hotel Road, 
 
 Empire Road. 
 
 Mechanic Falls, 
 Oxford, 
 South Paris, 
 North Paris, 
 Bryant's Pond, 
 Locke's Mill, 
 Bethel, 
 West Bethel, 
 Gilead, 
 Shelburne, 
 Gorham. 
 
288 
 
 ADDENDA. 
 
 Berlin Falls, 
 
 Milan, 
 
 Stark, 
 
 Northumberland, 
 
 Stratford Hollow, 
 
 North Stratford, 
 
 Wenlock, 
 
 Island Pond, 
 
 Norton, 
 
 Coaticook, 
 
 Compton, 
 
 "Waterville, 
 
 Lennoxville, 
 
 Sherbrooke, 
 
 Windsor, 
 
 Richmond, 
 
 Durham, 
 
 Acton, 
 
 Upton, 
 
 Britannia Mills, 
 
 St. Hyacinthe, 
 
 Soixante, 
 
 St. Hilaire, 
 
 Boucherville Mountain, 
 
 Charons, 
 
 Montreal. 
 
 From Richmond the road running to Quebec passes 
 through 
 
 Richmond, 
 
 Danville, 
 
 Warwick, 
 
 Ai*thabaska, 
 
 Stanfold, 
 
 Somerset, 
 
 Becancour, 
 
 Methott's Mill, 
 
 Black River, 
 
 Craig's Road, 
 
 Chaudiere, 
 
 Point Levi, South Quebec. 
 
ADDENDA. 
 
 289 
 
 The Eastern Railroad luis its depot in Causeway- 
 Street, foot of Friend and Canal Streets, and passes 
 through 
 
 Somerville, 
 
 South Maiden, 
 
 Chelsea, 
 
 North Chelsea, 
 
 Lynn, 
 
 Swampscot, 
 
 Salem, 
 
 Beverly, 
 
 Wenham, 
 
 Hamilton, 
 
 Ipswich, 
 
 Rowley, 
 
 Salisbury, 
 
 Newburyport, 
 
 Seabrook, 
 
 Hampton, 
 
 Hampton Falls, 
 
 North Hampton, 
 
 Greenland, 
 
 Portsmouth. 
 
 The FiTCHBURG Railroad has its depot in Causeway 
 Street, and passes through 
 
 Somerville. 
 
 Porter's, 
 
 Wellington Hill, 
 
 Waverley, 
 
 "VValtham, 
 
 Stony Brook, 
 
 Weston, 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Conof)rd, 
 
 2.T 
 
 South Acton, 
 West Acton, 
 Littleton, 
 Groton Junction, 
 Shirley, 
 Lunenburg, 
 Leominster, 
 Fitchburg. 
 
'j:k) 
 
 ADDKNUA. 
 
 The Boston am> Maink Railroad, depot at 
 Haymarket Square, passes through 
 
 iSomerville, 
 
 Edgeworth, 
 
 iVIaldcn, 
 
 Wyoming, 
 
 Meh'ose, 
 
 Stoneham, 
 
 Greenwood, 
 
 South Reading, 
 
 Reading, 
 
 Wilmington, 
 
 Wilmington Junction, 
 
 Ballardvale, 
 
 Andover, 
 
 Lawrence, 
 
 North Andover, 
 
 Bradford, 
 
 Haverhill, 
 
 Atkinson, 
 
 Plaistow, 
 
 Newton, 
 
 East Kingston, 
 
 Exeter, 
 
 South Newmarket, 
 
 P. and C. Junction, 
 
 Newmarket, 
 
 Durham, 
 
 Madbury, 
 
 Dover, 
 
 Rollinsford, 
 
 Great Falls, 
 
 Salmon Falls, 
 
 South Berwick, 
 
 Portland. 
 
 The Boston and Lowell Railroad, having its 
 depot in Causeway Street, passes through 
 
 East Cambridge, 
 Milk Row, Somerville. 
 
 Somerville Centre, 
 Willow Bridge, 
 
AUUENDA. 
 
 •291 
 
 Brancli 
 Road. 
 
 Medtbrd Step^;, 
 West Medford 
 Symrnes's Bridge, 
 Winchester, 
 
 Richardson's 
 ■I Horn Pond, 
 
 Woburn Centre, 
 East Woburn, 
 
 Woburn Watering Place, 
 North Woburn, 
 Wilminfrton, 
 
 Billerica and Tewksbnry, 
 Billerica Mills, 
 Bleachery, Lowell, 
 Middlesex Street, Lowell, 
 Lowell. 
 
 The Om» Colony and Fall Rivkr Railroad, 
 havinp; its depot in Kneeland Street, passes through 
 
 Savin Hill, 
 
 Harrison Scpiare, 
 
 Neponset, 
 
 North Quincy, 
 
 Quincy, 
 
 Braintree, 
 
 South Braintree, 
 
 Randolph, 
 
 North Bridgewater. 
 
 West Bridgewater, 
 Bridge water, 
 Middleboro', 
 Myrick's, 
 Fall River, 
 South Abington, 
 East Bridgewater, 
 Kingston, 
 Plymouth. 
 
 Train leaves Myrick's for Fall River on arrival of the 
 train from New Bedford. 
 
 DoRCHKSTKK AM) MiLTOX Branch trains leave Bos- 
 ton for Granite Bridge, Milton Lower and Upper Mills. 
 
292 AODKNUA. 
 
 The Boston and Worcester Railroad has its pas- 
 8en<.aM- stniidii on Bcacli utul Kneeland Streets, and passes 
 througli 
 
 Canibi-idire Crossing, Framin<Tham, 
 
 Brijrhtoii. Ashhmd, 
 
 Newton Corner, Southboro', 
 
 Newtoiiville, Westboro', 
 
 West Newton, (iraiton, and 
 
 Auburndale, Millbnry. lo 
 
 Grant villu, Worcester. 
 Wellesley, 
 Natick, 
 
 Branches of the B. & W. R. R. connect with 
 
 Newton Lower Falls, 
 
 Saxonville, 
 
 HoUiston and Milford, 
 
 Marlboro', Clinton, and Fitchburg. 
 
 The Boston and Fuovidence Railroad has its de- 
 pot on Pleasant Street, and passes through 
 
 Roxbury, Mansfield, • 
 
 Jamaica Plain, West Mansfield, 
 
 Hyde Park, Attleboro', 
 
 Readville, Dodgeville, 
 
AD1)K.\I)A. 
 
 ^^^^ou, Hebruuville, 
 
 Sharon, Pawtucket, 
 
 Foxboro', • Providence. 
 
 •>.'t * 
 
 •293