^ffm^tl. '<;\\v.Vm';m';!'.sy.',','.Vi j«ivm;b!y-if' I A Sketch of the HISTORY or OWEOITTA D. M. CAMPBELL. Class Book^ GopyrightN«_f^ COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. iiil^lii;^:illliili!(a||^llii^!:i!t^llil,iill<^i;ne\vhaL strengthened by a quotation ^rmia Jour al of What Occurred between the French and .ravages, kept during the vears 1657-58. (See Doc. Hist., Vol I. p. 14. ■: *' •' Ae vJord Ounota. which signiliesin the ["-oquois tongue^a ry«- tain has given the name to the village called Onnontae, oi as others ^ call' it, Ounontague, because it is on a mountain ,.^ v/^ Perhaps the Word Oneonta may have the «'^»^tilf J^^frto foil nv r derivation asOnondaga-perhaps not. 'ine ^f ^er s let to toU nv no the Querv. Among the Hurons who had been conqueitfl D> ino dCoS a tkbtis nfentioned under the ^^P^]}^;^^"^ The name may have no reUui,)n to, nor any bearing upon the cieri vation of tliTvvord Oneonta, bm that there was such a tribe, the lact is given for what it may be worth. ^^ THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. the IVforthern Branch of Susquehanna- takes its rise, does not exceed foarfceen miles. Goods may be carried from this kike in Battoes or flatt bot- tomed Vessels through Pennsylvania to Maryland and Virginia, the current of the river running everywhere easy witliout any cataract in" all that large space." The last quotation is from the report of the Sur- veyor General to the Lieutenant Governor in 1637. The foregoing extracts appear to contain about all the information which the authorities at the provincial capital could glean of the Indians con- cerning the Susquehanna country, as it was called. The few scattered natives who remained here after the establishment of peace, were, in 1795, re- moved to the reservation at Oneida, and became a part of the Indian tribes ab-eady settled there. In volume III of the Documentary History of New York, a quaintly interesting letter of the Rev. Gideon Havvley may be found. The letter is interesting, because it may be safely regarded a& the earliest authentic writing respectino- this por- tion of the valley. Mr. Hawley was sent out as a missionary teacher to the Indians. About this time a good deal of interest was being taken in the education of Indian youth. For the furtherance of this design, the Rev. Elea- zur Wheelock established a school at New Leba- THE HISTOEY OF ONEONTA. I3 Tion, Conn., for the education of young whites and young Indians. This school afterwards ripened into Dartmouth college, and was removed to Han- over, New Hampshire. From this new-fledired seminary, the Rev. Mr. Kirkland was sent among the Oneidas, and his labors in that quarter even^ ually resulted in the founding of Hamilton college, at Clinton. From a similar school established at Stockbridge, Mass., and which appears to have been favored by the influence and good will of the celebrated Jonathan Edwards, Mr. Hawley was sent to Oquaga on the Susquehanna. Oquaga was the Indian settlement near the site of the present village of Windsor in Broome county. Mr. Hawley's journey was from Albany up the Mohawk, across the mountains to Scho- harie, thence along the valley to Schenevus creek and westward. As his letter, in the form of a journal, contains the earliest account that is known of the presence of wliite people within the present territorial limits of Oneonta, I hope the quotations I make from it may prove of some interest. The letter is dated July 31st, 1794. The first entry is as follows : July 31st, 1794. " It is forty years this date since I was ordained a missionary to the Indians, in the old South Meeting House, when the Rev. Dr. Sewall preached on the occasion and the Rev. Mr. Prince gave the 1^ THE niSTOEY OF ONEONTA. charge The Rev. Mr. Po.wroft and Dr. Chaun- cey of Cambridge, assisted upon the occasion, and IX M,.T?f "■'?"'■ w '''"•' "'^ P^fonage of the Kev. Ml . Edxvards Was instructor of a few fam- ilies of Iroquois, who came down from their coun- try for the sake of christian knovYledge and the sc mohug of tlie.r cluldren. These families con- sisted of Jlohawks, Onoidas and Tuscaroras. I was their school-master and preached to them on the Lords day. Mr. Edwards visited mv sc ool catechised my scholars, and frequently delivered a discourse to the children." j >- '-nvueu a Tliis quotation may serve to show what kind of man this early missionary was, and the deep interest then felt in the education and civilization 01 the aborigines. The formality with which the clerical harness was put on in the historic Old bouth Church, is strikingly in contrast with the way the missionary to the Indians is equipped now-a-days. ' In the following quotations the dates are of the year 1,53. May 22d of that year, a party consist- ■ng of Mr. Hawley, Mr. Wood bridge, a Mr. Ash- ley and Mrs. Ashley, set out from Stoekbridge for May 30th, 1753, a little more than a week after leaving Stoekbridge, the party had its iirst view of the Susquehanna at Colliers. As the journal gives some description of our valley as it was then THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 15 — one hundred and thirty years aj^o — I quote freely : " Our way was generally obstructed by fallen trees, old logs, miry places, pointed rocks and entangled roots, wliicli were not to be avoided. We were alternately on the ridge of a lofty moun- tain and in the depths of a valley. At best, our path was obscure and we needed guides to go before us. Night approaches, we halt and a fire is kindled; the kettles are filled and we refresh our- selves; and we adore Divine Providence, return- ing thanks for the salvations of the day and com- mitting ourselves to God for the night, whose presence is equally in the recesses of the solitary wilderness and in the social walks of the populous city. With the starry heavens above me, and having the earth for my bed, I roll myself in a blanket, and without a dream to disturb my repose, pass the night in quiet, and never awake till the eye-lids of morning are opened, and the pene- trating rays of the sun look through the surround- ing foliage. " It may not be impertinent to observe that in this wilderness we neither see nor hear any birds of music. These frequent only the abodes of man. There is one icood-Urd, not often seen, but heard without any melody in his note, in every part of the wilderness wherever I have been. In some ^^ THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. parts of this extensive country, the wild pi,o:eons breed in numbers almost infinite. I once passed an extensive vallev where they had rested; and for six or eiglit miles, where the trees were near and thick, every tree had a nnmber of nests upon it, and some not less than fifteen or twenty upon them. But as soon as their young are able, they take wing and are seen no more." The next extract is from the journal of Mav '^Oth, 1753: ' ^ " We were impatient to see tlie famous Susque- hanna, and as- soon as we came, Mr. Woodbridge and I walked down to its banks. Disappointed at the smallness of its stream, he exclaimed, 'Is this the Susquehanna?' "When we returned our young Indians, who had halted, came in, looking as terrible and ugly as they could, having bedaubed their faces with vermilion, lampblack, white-lead, etc. A young Indian always carries with him his looking-glass and paint; and does not consider himself as dressed until he has adjusted his countenance by tlieir assistance. "Mr. Woodbridge and Mrs. Ashley, our in- terpreter, could not travel any further by land. We therefore concluded to get a canoe and con\^ey them by water. From this place [now Colliers] to Onohoghwage is three days' jour- THE HISTORY OF OXEONTA 17 iicy; and how bad the traveling is we cannot tell. " May 31st, [1753.] We met with difficulty about getting a canoe, and sent an Indian into the woods to get ready a bark, but he made small progress. " In the afternoon came from Otsego lake, which is the source of this stream, George Windecker and another, in a small batteau, with goods and rum, going down to Onohoghwage upon a trading- voyage. We agreed with them to carry the inter- preter and Mi. Woodbridge in their batteau; and bought a wooden canoe to carry our flour and bag- gage. " We soon saw the ill effects of Windecker's rum. The Indians began to drink and some of our party were the worse for it. We perceived what was coming. '• June 1st, 1753, is with me a memorable day, and for forty years and more has not passed unnoticed. We got off as silently as we could with ourselves and effects. Some went by water and others by land, with the horses. *I was with the land party. The Indians, half intoxicated, were outrageous, and pursued both the party by water, in which was Mr. Woodbridge, and the party by land. One came so near us as with his club to strike at us, and he hit one of our horses. We hastened. Neither party met till we arrived at Wauteghe [the name of the Indian village at the moutli of 18 THE HISTOEY OF ONEONTA. the Otego creek] at which had been an Indian vil- lage, where were a few fruit trees and consider- able cleared land, but no inhabitants. Here, being unmolested and secure, we all refreshed ourselves. But Pallas was the worse for his rum; was so refractory that Mr. Ashley's hired man, who had been in the canoe with him, w^as afraid. I reproved him; got into the canoe to keep him in order; was young and inexperienced ; knew not much of Indians, nor much of mankind; whereby I endan- dangered my life." In 1763, Rev. Mr. Wheelock made application to Gen. Amherst for a land grant in the following words : " That a tract of land, about fifteen or twenty miles square, or so much as shall be suffi- cient for four townships, on the west side of Sus- quehanna river, or in some other place more conven- ient, in the heart of the Indian country, be granted in favor of this school. The said townships be peopled with a chosen number of inhabitants of known honesty, integrity, and such as love and will be kind to, and honest in their dealings with Indians. " That a thousand acres of, and within said grant be given to this school; part of it to be a college for the education of missionaries, interpreters, school-masters, etc.; and part of it a school to teach reading, writing, etc. And that there be THE HISTOEY OF ONEONTA. 19 manufactures for the instruction of both males and females, in whatever shall be useful and necessary in life, and proper tutors, masters and mistresses be provided for the same." CHAPTER 11. rjURIN'G the war for independence, the Susque- hanna valley below Schenevus creek was the lurking place of Indians and Tories, who, from this secluded territory, made many and frequent inroads upon the settlements on the Schoharie and Char- lotte. Owing to the remoteness of this section and the weak condition of the frontiersmen, the trail of the retreating savages was seldom followed to any considerable distance and consequently but little knowledge concerning the valley was derived by the settlers at the former points until the restor- ation of peace. In 1770, an extensive tract of land was granted to Sir William Johnson and others, a large part of which lies within the limits of the town of One- onta. This tract lies on both sides of the Susque- hanna river, both above and below the Otego creek. It is supposed the first settlement within the town was made upon this patent.* It contained 26,000 acres. *Many have erroneously believed this patent to have been the "rant TXnV^t^'f'^\''\'^^h ^'' ^^'iil\^^ in accordance with a drSm ^o^fi^^^i ^^^'J- f-' ^^ ^^^^ dreamed that the Indian gave him all of a Sid wt,T h^^? ^1^%^' ^^'l^erenPon the Indian told him that he sSp d?e«m oo^ i. " ^^^ dreamed must be true, but "be sure and not HerkTmScounty ''''°' '^' ^^ ^°^^ authority, is said to be in THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 21 Some years before the commencement of hostili- ties, Henry Schramling, a hardy pioneer from the older settlement at German Flats, on the Mohawk, came into the valley and made a settle- ment at a point near the Otego creek bridge, but l)y reason of the troubled condition of the country after 1775, Mr. Schramling moved back to the Mohawk for greater security. After the war he with his brothers, George and David, returned to the Susquehanna. It is believed upon good authority that he was the first white settler in the town of Oneonta. After the departure of the Schramling family, many years elapsed before any pioneers were found venturesome enough to settle in this portion of the valley. Abram Houghtailing, Eiias Brewer and Peter Swartz became settlers here in 1786. Houghtail- ing and Brewer came from Washington county, and Swartz from Schoharie. About the same date, James Youngs settled near the mouth of the Char- lotte and Baltus Kimball settled north of the vil- lage on the farm now owned by Jacob Morell. About the year 1790, Thomas Morenus" settled on the south side of the river. He was a German from Schoharie. About the same time Frederick *Thomas Morenus, before settling here, had been a captive among the Indians, and had " run the gauntlet" at Fort Niagara 1 he ter- rible scourging he had received at the hands of the savages left marks which were plainly traceable when he had become an old man. 22 THE HISTOEY OF OKEONTA. Brown came from Fulton, N. Y., and settled on the farm formerly owned and occupied by Eliakim R. Ford. At this time Brown's house was the only one standing within the limits of the present village corporation. About the year 1795, one Aaron Biink built a large log house by the mill pond, or rather between the railroad crossing on Main street and the mill pond. Brink's house was the first hotel kept in the village of Oneonta, and perhaps the first that was kept in town. Between Brown's house and Brink's tavern there was only a common wood-road, with a dense forest on either side. About the same time John Yanderwerker built the first grist-mill. This mill stood some distance east of the grist-mill now standing in the lower part of the village. In 1791, Asel Marvin came from Yermont and first settled at Oneonta Plains. Shortly afterwards he removed on a large tract of wild land, about two miles from the village, upon the Oneonta Creek. He was a well-known builder and lumberman. For twenty-two consecutive years he rafted lumber to Baltimore. He built the first school house on the Oneonta Creek road, and when the first church edifice was built in town, he was one of the trustees of the church society. When Mr. Marvin moved into the valley of the Oneonta Creek, the country THE HISTORY OF ONfiONTA. 23 across the hill from Oneonta to Laurens, was al- most an unbroken wilderness. Some years later than the last named date, Peter Dinninny opened the first store kept in Oneonta. The store then stood where the opera block now stands. The first school-house was built soon after 1790, and stood on the rise of ground near the house of Horace Sessions, on the south side of the river. Previous to 1816, when the Presbyterian church was built, church services were generally held in Frederick Brown's barn. The first clergyman who regularly preached here was the Rev. Alfred Conkey, who was settled at Milford. Mr. Conkey is yet remembered by some of the older citizens as a very earnest and zealous man, besides being a person of liberal culture. The first white child born in this town, or the first known to have been born in town, was Abram Houghtaling. He was born in 1786. John and Nicholas Beams were early settlers to the east of the village. Elisha Shepherd came from New England at an early day and settled at Oneonta Plains. His sons, in after years, became actively engaged in different branches of industry, and the Plains at one time bid fair to become the most prominent village in town. It contained a hotel, a store, two churches and a distillery. 24 THE HISTOKT OF OXEONTA. Andrew Parish was also one of the pioneers of Oneonta. He was born in Massachusetts in 1786, and moved from Springfield here in 1808. He settled on the south side of the river on the John Fritts farm, and afterwards on the hill near the "Round Top." From the latter place he moved to the farm now owned by his son Stephen, on the south side of the river. Mr. Parish reared a large family of children, all of whom became successful farmers, and men of business. Andrew Parish was a justice of the town for twenty years in suc- cession. He was also a commissioner of schools under the old system. In 1809 he put up a brick kiln on the Elisha Shepherd farm at the Oneonta Plains, from which came the first bricks that w^ere used in town. Dr. Joseph Lindsay was the first physician who settled in Oneonta. He came from Pelham, in the old county of Hampshire, Mass., in the year 1807. Having received a liberal education in the ad- vanced schools of his native state and at Williams College, in after years he became a teacher to many of the younger people of the country who were ambitious of extending their studies beyond the rudimentary branches taught at that time in the schools of the neighborhood. In 1815, Frederick Bornt moved on the farm now owned and occupied by his son, on the Oneonta THE IIISTOKY OF ONEONTA. 25 Creek. He had been a soldier in the war of 1812 and had served at the battle of Plattsbnrg. He came from Rensselaer county, N. Y. Before the date last named, Jacob Van Woert, a Dutchman, and father of the late Peter and John Van Woert, came from Albany and settled on the farm lately owned by his son Peter, near the mouth of the Otego Creek. Asa Emmons about the same time settled on the south side of the river, near the Charlotte. He came from Vermont, and settled where Deacon Slade now lives. Jacob Wolf, the father of Conradt Wolf, had also settled in the sonth- ern part of the town at about the close of the Rev- olutionary war. Mr. Wolf had been taken as an Indian captive to Canada, where he had been detained for several years. His home, when cap- tured, was in the valley of the Mohawk. While extinguishing a fire which had caught in a tall hemlock, by night, he was surprised by a company of Indians, by whom he was easily overpowered. He at length escaped from his captors, and making his w^ay southward, after a long and perilous journey, he met with friends on the Tioga river. He rejoined his wife on the Mohawk, and after- wards removed to the Susquehanna, on the farm now owned by George Swart, southwest of the village. Elihu Gifford, with four sons, came from Albany 26 THE HISTORY OF OXEONTA. county in 1803, and first settled at West Oneonta, on the farm now owned by Joseph Taber. In 1806, Mr. Gifford moved to the farm now owned by Henry Gifford on Oneonta Creek. About the same time Josiah Peet and Ephraim Farrington moved into the sameneighborliood. Later, Col. Wm. Richardson settled further up the creek and built a saw-mill and a grist-mill. "Richardson's Mills'' became a well-known place in a few years, and a thriving hamlet soon began to form around them. Col. Richardson was an enterprising man of busi- ness and took a prominent part in the affairs of the town. He served in the war of 1812-15. When Elihu Gifford moved to the Oneonta Creek there were only four "clearings" in that valley. A Mr. Armitage had made some inroads upon the wilderness, on what is now known as the Losee farm ; Asel Marvin had made a clearing on the James Sheldon farm, and there were others on Mrs. Richardson's farm, and where Peter Yager lives. The settlers along the Oneonta Creek, after Mr. Marvin, moved in slowly. About 1804, David Yager came from Greenbush, N. Y., and purchased the farm now known as the Peter Yager farm. Solomon Yager, the father of David, came afterwards, purchasing his son's farm.* * For the purpose of showing the increase in the valne of real es- tate, it may be mentioned that at the time David Yager sold to his father, he was offered a farm lying between Maple street and the farm of J. R. L. WaUing, containing 150 acres, for $400. THE HISTORY (►F ONEONTA. 37 James McDonald settled at the lower end of the village at an early date. Mr. McDonald was of Scotch descent, and an active business man. The lower part of the village was largely built through his enterprise and at one time bid fair to become the business centre of the village. He built a mill and hotel, and also became an extensive landholder. James McDonald kept the first post-office estab- lished within the limits of the town. The first settlers were mostly German Palatin- ates from Schoharie and the Mohawk. The Ger- man w'as the language of common conversation, and so continued until Dr. Lindsay and Asa Em- mons came into the settlement. At this time the Emmons and Lindsay families were the only ones that made the English their exclusive language. These German settlers were a patient and per- severing people, and betook themselves to the task of felling the forest and rearing homes for them- selves and their posterity, with a noble and praise- worthy resolution. Beneath the sturdy strokes of the axe, the wilderness slowly but gradually dis- appeared around their rude homes, and in the place of the gloomy forest, fields of waving grain appeared on every side to cheer and encourage the industrious woodsman. The forests abounded in the most ravenous animals, such as bears, panthers and wolves, while along the river and creek bot- 28 THE HISTOKY OF ONEONTA. toms the ground was at places almost literally cov- ered with poisonous reptiles. The climate wns severe, and the country remote from the frontier, yet notwithstanding the obstacles and discourage- ments that beset them, these were not sufficient to cause the settlers to relax their efforts to rear com- fortable homes for their descendants. The following story I have taken from Priest's Collection, for the reason that the scene of the ex- ploit is said to have been near our town boundaries : "Ben Wheaton was one of the first settlers on the waters of the Susquehanna, immediately after the war, a rougli, uncultivated and primitive man. As many others of the same stamp and character, he subsisted chiefly by hunting, cultivating the land but sparingly, and in this way raised a numerous family amid the woods, in a half starved condition, and comparative nakedness. But as the Susque- hanna country rapidly increased in population, the hunting grounds of Wheaton were encroached up- on ; so that a chance with his smooth-bore, among the deer and bears was greatly lessened. On this account Wheaton removed from the Susquehanna country, in Otsego county, to the more unsettled wilds of the Delaware, near a place yet known by the appellation of Wait's Settlement,"^ where game *Wait's Settlement is said to have been in the vicinity of what now is known as North Franklin. THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 29 was more plenty. The distance from where he made his home in the woods, through to the Sus- quehanna, was about fifteen miles, and was one con- tinued wilderness at that time. Through these woods this almost aboriginal hunter was often com- pelled to pass to the Susquehanna, for various necessaries, and among the rest no small quantity ot whiskey, as he was of very intemperate habits. On one of these visits, in the midst of summer, with his smooth-bore always on his shoulder, knife, hatchet, &c., in their proper place, he had nearly penetrated the distance, when he became weary, and having come to the summit of a ridge (some- time in the afternoon) which overlooks the vale of the Susquehanna, he selected a convenient place in the shade, as it was hot, for the rays of the sun from the west poured his sultry influence through all the forest,where he lay down to rest awhile among the leaves, after having taken a drink from his pint bottle of green irlass, and a mouthful of cold John- ney cake from his pocket. " In this situation he was soothed to drowsiness by the hum of insects, and the monotony of passing winds among the foliage around him, when he soon unwarily fell asleep with his gun folded in his arms. But after a wdiile he awoke from his sleep, and for a moment or two still lay in the same position, as it happened, without stirring, when he found that 30 THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. something had taken place wliile he had slept, which had situated him somewhat differently from the manner in which he first went to sleep. " On reflecting a moment, he found he was entirely cov- ered over, head and ears, with leaves and light stuff, occasioned, as he now suspected, cither by the sudden blowing of the wind, or by some wild animal. On which account he became a little dis- turbed in his mind, as he well knew the manners of the panther at that season of the year, when it hunts to supports its young, and will often cover its prey with leaves and bring its whelps to the banquet. He therefore continued to lie perfectly still, as when he first awoke ; he thought he heard the step of some kind of heavy animal near him ; and he knew that if it were a panther, the distance between himself and death could not be far, if he should attempt to rise up. Accordingly, as he suspected, after having lain a full minute, he now distinctly heard the retiring tread of the stealthy panther, of which he had no doubt, from his knowl- edge of the creature's ways. It had taken but a few steps however, when it again stopped a longer time ; still Wheaton continued his silent position, knowing his safety depended much on this. Soon the tread was again heard, farther and farther off, till it entirely died away in the distance — but he still lay motionless a few minutes longer, when he THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 31 ventured gently and cautiously to raise his head and cast an eye in the direction the creature, what- ever it was, had gone, but could see nothing. He now rose up with a spring, for his blood had been running from his heart to his extremities, and back again, with uncommon velocity ; all the while his ears had listened to the steps of the animal on the leaves and brush. He now saw plainly the marks of design among the leaves, and that he had been covered over, and that the paws of some creature had done it. " And as he suspected the panther was the ani- mal, he knew it would soon return to kill him, on which account he made haste to deceive it, and to put himself in a situation to give it a taste of the contents of old smooth-bore. He now seized upon some pieces of old wood which lay all about, and placed as much as was equal to his own bulk, ex- actly where he had slept, and covered it over ^Vith leaves in the same manner the panther had done, and then sprang to a tree near by, into which he ascended, from whence he had a view a good distance about him, and especially in the direction the creature had gone. Here in the crotch of the tree he stood, with his gun resting across a limb, in the direction of the place where he had been left by the panther, looking sharply as far among the woods as possible, in the direction he expected 33 THE HISTOET OF OKEONTA. the creature's return. But he had remained in this condition but a short time, and had barely thrust the ram-rod down the barrel of his piece, to be sure the charge was in her, and to examine her priming, and to shut down the pan slowly, so that it should not snap, and thus make a noise, when his keen Indian eye, for such he had, caught a glimpse of a monstrous panther, leading warily two panther kittens toward her intended supper. Now matters were hastening to a climax rapidly, when Wheaton or the panther must finish their hunting on the mountains of the Susquehanna, for if old smooth-bore should flash in the pan, or miss her aim. the die would be cast, as a second load would be impossible ere her claws would have sun- dered his heart strings in the tree where he was, or if he should but partially wound her the same must have been his fate. During these thoughts the panther had hid her young under some brush, and had come within some thirty feet of the spot where she supposed her victim was still sleeping ; and seeing all as she left it, she dropped down to a crouching position, precisely as a cat, when about to spring on its prey. Now was seen the soul of the panther in its perfection, merging from the re- cesses of nature where hidden by the creator, along the whole nervous system, but resting chiefly in the brain, whence it glared, in bright horror, THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 33 from the burning eyes, curled in the strong and vi- brating tail, pushed out the sharp, white and elipti- cal fangs from the broad and powerful paws, ready for rending, glittered on the points of its uncovered teeth, and smoked in rapid tissues of steam from its red and open jaws, while every hair of its long dun back stood erect in savage joy, denoting that the fatal and decisive moment of its leap had come. " Now the horrid nestling of its hinder claws, drawn under its belly was heard, and the beut ham strings were seen but a half instant by Wheaton, from where he sat in his tree, when the tremendous leap was made. It rose on a long curve into the air, of about ten feet in the highest place, and from thence descending, it struck exactly where the breast, head and bowels of its prey had lain, with a scream too horrible for description, when it tore to atoms the rotten wood, filling for several feet above it, the air with the leaves and light brush, the covering of the deception. But instantly the panther found herself cheated, and seemed to droop a little with disappointment, when however she re- sumed an erect posture, and surveyed quite around on every side on a horizontal line, in search of her prey, but not discovering it, she cast a furious look aloft among the tops of the trees, when in a mo- ment or two the eyes of Wheaton and the panther 84 THE H18T0RY OF ONEOTS^TA. met. Now for another leap, when she dropped for that purpose ; but the bullet and two buck shot of old smooth bore were too quick, as he lodged them all exactly in the brain of the savage mon- ster, and stretched her dead on the spot where the hunter had slept but a short time before, in the soundness of a mountain dream. " Wheaton had marked the spot where her young were hidden, which, at the report of the gun, were frightened and ran up a tree. He now came down and found the panther to measure, from the end of its nose to the point of its tail, eight feet six inches in length ; a creature sufficiently strong to have carried him off on a full run, had he fallen into its power. He now reloaded and went to the tree where her kittens, or the young panthers were, and soon brought them down from their grapple among the limbs, companions for their conquered and slain parent. " Wheaton dismantled them of their hides, and hastened away before the night should set in, lest some other encounter might overtake him of a similar character, when the disadvantage of dark- ness might decide the victory in a way more ad- vantageous to the reamers of the forest. Of this feat Ben Wheaton never ceased to boast ; reciting it as the most appalling passage of his hunting life. The animal had found him while asleep, THE HISTORY OP ONEONTA. 35 and had him concealed, ashe supposed, intending to give her young a specimen of the manner of their future life; or if this is too much for the mind of a dumb animal, she intended at least to give them a supper. " This circumstance was all that saved his life, or the panther would have leapt upon him at first, and have torn him to pieces, instead of covering him with leaves, as she did, for the sake of her young. The panther is a ferocious and almost untamable animal, whose nature and habits are like those of the cat ; except that the nature and powers of this domestic creature are in the panther immensely magnified, in strength and voracity. It ij^ in the American forest what the tiger is in Africa and India, a dangerous and savage animal, the ter- ror of all other creatures, as well as of the In- dian and the white man." The German Palatinates who settled in the up- per Susquehanna were noted for their physical en- durance and their fondness for sports, but the same can hardly be said of their desire for intellectual culture. Perhaps they were no worse, in this re- spect, than circumstances made them. Poverty and hard work were their portion, and the share was not stinted out to them. There were no news- papers, that is, during the earlier history of the settlement, published at a nearer point than Albany. 36 THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. Even those papers were but poor affairs. They were filled with the unimportant doings of the Dutch burghers — perhaps enlivened now and then, with a highly seasoned article, full of indignation because some obscure man in Massachusetts had committed a trespass by cutting a forest tree on the manor of Livingston. School teachers were not numerous nor were they well qualified for their work. School houses were at a great distance from most of the homes. They were both comfortless and cheerless. The snows were deep in winter and the weather was inclement. In summer, even little hands were helpful at home. In their sports, the settlers were often inclined to push a joke to rudeness, and what began in fun often ended in a fight. Still, they were good- natured, honest people. They were kind to those needing assistance, and if necessity became com- mon so did the loaf of bread. There was no lack of social enjoyment, for their hardest toil was made the occasion of a gathering. If a piece of woodland was to be cleared, or a fallow, the male portion of the community united in a "bee" and the work was soon done. Perhaps, while the men were thus working together in the field, the women had gathered within doors, and were busily plying their fingers over the mottled THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 37 patch-work of a quilt. In the lengthening sum- mer twilight the men, coatless and barefoot, sat in groups on the front steps or under the low Dutch stoops and talked of the incoming crops, the weather or the watery moon. The forests, all over the hillsides, where now village streets are creeping up and winding across, were frowning with great pines and hemlocks. The log road ran in every direction and was no more ex- clusive than a common highway. The " shingle- weaver's" huts were on nearly every road and by- path. The most towering pines were regarded as lawful prize, and during the winter the men found plenty of employment and slight recompense in hauling the pines to mill. Here they were con- verted into lumber, which was piled up by the bank of the river until "the spring freshet." On the swollen stream it was rafted to Baltimore, Harris- burg and other places. The "rafting season" was looked forward to with no little solicitude by the more robust and dar- ing of the young men. They waited for the rafts to be cut from their moorings with keen anticipa- tion, and the stories of some of the river men are still well remembered by the older inhabitants. For a great many years, Albany was the only market to which the pioneers carted their wheat. The roads were barely passable and the trip to 38 THE HISTOET OF ONEONTA. Albany and back required from six to eight day?. The wagons, upon which the produce was carted, were of rough and clumsy make. It would not be supposed that the driver would find much pleasure in making the distance to market and back on one of these clumsy vehicles, but the trip, especially to the younger men, was not without its enjoyments. They carried their provisions in a large, round, wooden box over which closed a round, wooden cover. They also carried provender for their teams and the only necessary cash expense was a sixpence each night for lodging. The more sump- tuous and less economical might, if they chose, di- minish their exchequer to the amount of an extra sixpence by indulging in a glass of " flip." Nearly every farm-house of any pretension on the high road to Albany was a hotel, so-called, if not in fact. Seated at night within these primitive hotels, the farmers who had assembled from different parts told their tales of prowess — some true stories and a good many lies. Beside the ambitious house that gloried in a daub of red paint and which had been pushed up to the aristocratic height of one and a half or two stories, before which flapped in the wind a wide, white board with the cheerful announcement, "Smith's Inn — Kefreshments for Man or Beast," stood a more modest structure. Brown, unpainted. THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 39 unclapboarded, it stood by the wayside. Its log walls were stuccoed with mud, and in the wide mouth of the doorway was the brawny housewife, bare-armed, peering from beneath a slatternly red sun-bonnet, while over the doorway the passer-by read the letters in red chalk upon a new pine shingle : V " •'CAKES AND BEER" *i • FOE 8ALE HERE." i After the farmer had sold or bartered away his wheat or other produce, he generally returned with a load of ffoods for the village merchant CHAPTER III. PROMINENT among the early settlers of One- onta was Jacob Dietz, who removed into the settlement from Schoharie county about the year 1804. Mr. Dietz was early appointed a justice of the peace, and continued in office either by appointment or election for a great length of time. He was active in the affairs of the town and an energetic man of business. He was a long time in mercantile busi- ness, and his store, which was situated where now stands the brick building occupied by the First National Bank, was the center of a lively trade for those times. Mr. Dietz accumulated an exten- sive estate, and reared a large family of children. He became the owner of extensive tracts of land, some of which are now occupied by the streets and residences of the village. Some of his representa- tives are now living in the west and are deservedly esteemed where they reside. At about the date last mentioned, one School- craft erected a modest structure on the site of the Susquehanna House. Schoolcraft's house became in a short time the leading tavern of the community, where poor grog and worse food were dispensed THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 41 to the villagers and wayfarers, doubtless much to the gratification of their primitive tastes. About the same period, 1804-5, one Joseph Westcott, from the present town of Milford, erected a store nearly opposite the residence of D. M. Mil- ler. These stores — Dinninny's, mentioned in the preceding chapter, Dietz's and Westcott's — were all of the most primitive order, and, especially the first named, contained but a meagre stock of goods, the stock generally consisting of a barrel of New Eng- land rum of the most violent nature, several old bull ploughs, a little crockery ware, a few cooking utensils, and a small amount of dry goods. There was but little money and the merchant's trade was carried on mostly in the way of barter, the trades- man exchanging his merchandise for grain, lumber and shingles. Early in the history of the town, a Mr. Walling, the grandfather of J. R. L. Walling, located to the east of Oneonta creek, near where his descendant above named now lives. One Newkirk also set- tled on Chestnut street, on the lot adjoining Phi- lander Lane's. Lawrence Swart settled on the farm now owned and occupied by Henry Wilcox, about the same time that Jacob Dietz came into the settlement.^ *There were other families among the settlers by the name of Hill- singer, Co use, Whitmarsh, Harsen, Sullivan, White and Morrell. 42 THE HISTOEY OF ONEONTA. At the time of Swart's settlement the land on the lower end of River street was covered by a dense forest of hemlock and maple. Over those attractive and well-tilled fields now composing Mr, Wilcox's farm, roamed at that time the bear and the panther, and glided with little molestation nnm- berless rattlesaakes of the largest and most pois- onous species. The settlement along the river, below the residence of George Scramling, seemed to proceed slowly, as the land below this point was considered of but little value, while the heavy growth of hemlock precluded the rapid clearing away of the forest. To the north and east of the village the hillsides yielded a vast quantity of the more valuable timber. For news outside of the little settlement the in- habitants had recourse to the Freeman^s Journal, at that time published by one of the pioneers of journalism in Otsego county, John H. Prentiss. The mails were conveyed from one settlement to another by the postman, who traveled over the hills and through the valleys on horseback, and made known his approach to each post-village by tlie winding of a huge horn, which was always carried by his saddle-bows ready for use. During the war of 1812-14, the winding of the postman's horn caused the settlers both in the vil- lage and without to assemble rapidly and in lull THE HISTOEY OF ONEONTA. 43 force, men, women and children, to learn the news from the " Canada border.'' Early in that war a number of men entered the army from Oneonta. Some of them were stationed at Sackett's Harbor and Oswego, while others did good service at Lundy's Lane and the Heights of Queenstown. But few of those veterans yet remain to tell " Of their strange ventures happed by land or sea," At the time of its first settlement, Oneonta was in the old county of Tryon, which was formed from Albany county in 1772. Tryon county them em- braced the whole western portion of the state, from a line extending north and south through the cen- tre of the present county of Schoharie, to Lake Erie. In 1784 the name was changed from Tryon to Montgomery. Oneonta was then in the old town of Sulfrage. During the period of which we have written, Oneonta as a distinct town had no existence. The village of Oneonta was then in the town of Mil- ford, and was known as Milfordville. Through the brawl of two old bruisers, it was sometimes vulgarly called " Klipknocky."" This nickname lasted a long while, and was known at a long dis- tance from home. ^^ *0n the banks of the Susquehanna, in Pennsylvania, there is a thrivina: little hamlet known as " Klipknocky Jr.'; It was first set- tled by an emigrant from Oneonta. While the river Avas the high- way the most easily traveled, fugitives from the older settlement found a landing-place for their canoes and a sate retreat tor them- selves at " Klipkuocky Jr." 44 THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. In 1830 the town of Oneonta was formed from the adjoining towns of Milford and Otego. It is said that it received the name Oneonta at the sug- gestion of Gen. Erastus Root. Among the early inhabitants of Oneonta, whose enterprise contributed to the developement of the resources of the town, was William Angell, who soon after his settlement here became the most prominent inhabitant of the village. He built the Oneonta House, where he acted as host for a num- ber of years. He was also one of the proprietors of the Charlotte turnpike, which upon its comple- tion in 1834, was made the great highway from Catskill to the southwestern portion of the state. Any attempted sketch of our early history would be very far from complete and far from just, were mention not made of a class of citizens, some of whom are still living, whose labors were early identified Avith the history of the town, a part of whom were here born and here grew to manhood ; a part of whom came to the village while it was yet an outlying hamlet, but whose labors have largely aided in advancing the growth and pros- perity of the community. Among these was Timothy Sabin, a native of the town, who, upon arriving at the age of manhood, embarked in mercantile pursuits, and continued to an advanced age to lend his aid to the manage- THE HI8T0RY OF ONEONTA. 45 ment of an extensive business. Another of the older class of men of the villag-e is John M. Wat- kins, who was born in Oneonta in 1806. For thirty years Mr. Watkiiis was one of the leading- hotel keepers of the village, and during this long period in which he acted the part of host, his house was known far and wide as the best kept hostelry in this section. There are many more " to the manor born " whose names it would be a pleasure to mention, but for lack of data which their friends or representatives have neglected or failed to fur- nish, we are compelled to forego any more ex- tended notice. Occupying a prominent position among those who, at an early date, emigrated into the town was Eliakim R. Ford. Mr. Ford was born in Albany county in 179T, and removed to Greenville, Greene county, when quite. young. From the latter place he removed to Oneonta in 1822, he then being twenty-five years of age. He at once embarked in mercantile enterprises and so conducted his business matters as to rapidly win both the confi- dence and trade of his fellow citizens. His first store stood near the Free Baptist church. From that point he removed to a store next to the lot where now the opera house stands, and in 1828 he again moved into a store which he had built near the residence of Harvey Baker. His late resi- THE HISTORY OF OXEONTA. dence and the stone store recently destroyed by fire were built in 1839-40. Dr. Samuel H. Case settled in the village of Oneonta in 1829. He was born in Franklin, N. Y., in 1808, and at the age of twenty-one was gradu- ated at the medical college at Fairfield, N. Y. More than fifty years he has continued the practice of medicine in the village and throughout the sur- rounding country. There are but a few among the longer resident population of the community who have not, at one time or another, been under the Doctor's treatment. He built the office still occupied by him, in 1832, and his house in 1834 — soon after his marriage — and has never moved from either since he began to occupy them. When he moved into the village, the latter con- tained only two painted houses, and the whole bus- iness prosperity of the hamlet was then centered in two stores — Dietz's and Ford's — one potash and two distilleries. Dr. Case is of New England ancestry, his father having emigrated to Franklin from Tolland county, Connecticut, in 1792. Col. William W. Snow came to Oneonta, a few years after the last named, and early engaged in manufacturing. The Colonel was born in the town of Heath, Franklin county, Mass. He became interested in the organization and welfare of the militia. He was elected to a colonelcy, whence his THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 47 military title. He was elected to congress from Otsego and Schoharie counties in 1848. He has been several times elected to our state legislature, and has been a member of the third house many years. Though not a resident of the town, yet his busi- ness relations have been such as to identify the name of Jared Goodyear with its history. Mr. Goodyear for a long term of years resided upon the borders of Oneonta, and from an early period was largely interested in the business of the village. He was born in Connecticut, and while a boy removed to Schoharie county, whence he came to Colliersville while yet a young man, and there he resided the remainder of his life. By persistent industry Mr. Goodyear accumulated a large for- tune, and won a high reputation for integrity. The following is a column of business cards from the " Oneonta Weekly Journal," of July 1, 1841. It is nearly a correct showing of what the business of the village then was : Headquarters at the foot of Chestnut street. New Fall and Winter goods. Timothy Sabin is now receiving a fresh supply of Spring and Summer Goods, comprising a general assortment of Dry Goods, Groceries, Crockery, Hardware, Dye Stuffs, Paints, Oils, etc., etc., for sale as low as at any establishment west of the Hudson river. Please call and ex- amine goods and prices; they are well selected, and will be sold cheap for Cash, Produce, or a liberal credit. Oneonta, May 13, 1841. 48 THE HISTORY OF OXKONTA. Cabinet and Chair Warehouse, No. 10 Chestnut St., One- onta. The subscriber respectfully informs his friends, and the public generally, that he has opened a Cabinet Ware- house at No. 10 Chestnut st , Oneonta, where he manufac- tures and keeps constantly on hand, a general assortment of Cabinet Furniture, comprising Mahogany, Cherry and Maple work. Also, a good assort-ment of Chairs, will be kept con- stantly on hand, and all other articles generally found at an establishment of this kind. N. B. Most kinds of Lumber and grain will be received in payment. Oneonta, Sept. 17, 1840. R. W. Hopkins. A Card Executed at the office of the Oneonia Weekly Journal with neatness and dispatch and on reasonable terms. Job Printing of every description. E. Cooke, Attorney at Law, Oneonta, Otsego County, N.Y. John B, Steele, Attorney, &c., Oneonta, Otsego County, N. Y. Otfice, in the stone building opposite the Otsego House, Main street. Mason Gilbert, Hatter, Main street, Oneonta. The following advertisement fiom the "Weekly Journal," of July ], 1841, will show that people were not more honest in former times than they are now : FENCE IN THE FOG. 'I"'HE fence around the Baptist Church in this village, has disap- 1 peared very mysteriously during the past winter. Whether strayed or stolen it is not yet definitely "ascertained ; but from circum- stances recently developed, the latter idea seems most conclusive. Rumor says it has been tracked going Westward ; but still, as the Church is located on quite an elevated piece of ground, and near the brink of the hill, it is possible that it may have slid off to the East- ward. Any person who will give correct information where said fence may be found, or where it was last seen after leaving the premises, will be liberally rewarded by the trustees of the Baptist society. Any person wishing to make any confession in relation to it, may rely upon having profound secrecy maintained by applying soon to one of the Deacons of the Church. Oneonta, May 20, 1841. THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 49 Cooke & ?)rown, retail dealers in Dry Goods, Groceries, Crockery, Hardware, Iron, Steel, &c., &c. Store under the office of the Oneonta Weekly Journal, Main street, Oneonta. Potter C. Burton, dealer in Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Silver and German Silver Ware, &c., &c. One door north of Cooke & Brown's Store, Main street, Oneonta. Timothy Sabin, retail dealer in Dry Goods, Groceries, Crockery, Hardware, Iron, Steel. &c., &c. Store opposite the Oneonta House, Main street, foot of Chestnut, Oneonta. Clyde & Cook, retail dealers in Dry Goods, Groceries, Crockery, Hardware, Drugs & Medicines, Dye Woods & Dye Stuffs, &c., &c. Store nearly opposite the Otsego House, Main street, Oneonta. Snow & Van Woert, manufacturers of, and wholesale and retail dealers in Tin, Sheet-Iron, and Copper ware, Stoves, &c., &c. Over Clyde & Cook's Store, Main street, Oneonta. C. Noble, manufacturer of, and wholesale and retail dealer in Beach's Patent Shaving Soap, Beach's Liquid Opo- deldoc, and Black Varnish, &c., &c. Main street, Oneonta. Robert W. Hopkins, manufacturer of, and dealer in Cabi- net Ware and Chairs of every description. Chestnut street, Oneonta, Cashing & Potter, manufacturers of, and wholesale and retail dealers in Barrels & Firkins, &c., &c. Main St., One- onta. W. W. Snow's Wool Carding and Cloth Dressing Estab- lishment. Opposite E. K. Ford's Store, Main street, Oneonta. Ben net & Smith, dealers in Morocco, Boots and Shoes, Thread, Nails, and Findings, &c., &c., Chestnut street, One- onta, Otsego Co., N. Y. George W. Andrews, Chair Maker, and House & Sign Painter, (Chestnut street,) Oneonta, Otsego Co., N. Y. C. G. Cross, Waggon and Carriage Maker, Chestnut street, Oneonta. 50 THE HISTOET OF ONEONTA. E. R. Ford, retail dealer in Dry Goods, Groceries, Crock- ery, Hardware, Drugs & Medicines, Dye Woods & Dye Stuffs, Iron, Steel, &c., &c., Main street, Oneonta. From the town book the following copy of the doings of the people, at their first town meeting, has been made : " At an annual town meeting held in the town of Oneonta at the house of Thomas D. Alexander, on the 1st day of March, present Eliakim R. Ford, ) Justices in ZRobert Cook, ) said toivn. " After the opening of the meeting by proclama- tion, it was resolved, 1st, That there be three assessors elected for said town. 2d. That there be four constables elected for said town. 3d, That there be four pound-masters chosen for said town. 4th, That an amount, equal to the sum which may be distributed to said town from the common school fund, be raised by tax for the support of common schools in said town. 5th, That the sum of one dollar per day be allowed to the fence viewers of said town. 6th, That five per cent, be allowed as the com- pensation to the collector, as his fees for collecting the taxes for said town. THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 51 7tli, That all circular and partition fences, in said town, shall be at least four feet and six inches high. 8th, That widows, who have no land, shall be entitled to let their cattle run at large in the pub- lic highways, from the first of April to the first of December. 9th, Tliat the annual town meeting shall be held on the first Thursday of March. The following ofiicers were then elected for the town : Supervisor, William Richardson. Toiun Clerk, Adam Brown. ^ {John Dillingliam, Jonah Northrup, John S. Yager. ( John Yan Woert, Assesso7^s ■< John Fritts, ( John T. Quaekenboss. ( Isaac Shepherd, Commissioners of Highivays < Asel Marvin, ( William Angel. ^ J... ( George W. Smith, Overseers of the poor | g^^^^^- ^ Carpenter. Collector, Hiram Shepherd. r Hiram Shepherd, ry ^77 David Sullivan. Constables i ^^^^^^,^i Northrup, Robert S. Cook. 52 THE HISTOEY OF ONEONTA. ( 01)acliah Gilford, Commissioners of schools < Peter Dietz, ( Joseph Walling. i Samuel H. Case, Inspectors of schools < Washington Throop, ( Amos Cook. Sealer of iveights and measures, Eliakim R. Ford. f Beers Peet, T> I , I Joseph Wallina:, Ponnd-masters ^ ^.^^.^^_^ ^.^^^^' I Elisha Shepherd. In 1835, five years after the organization of the town, the whole tax-paying population of Oneonta was 261. The grand total tax-levy of the tovv^n was $781.48. The amount of public school money raised by the town was $100.45. William Angel was supervisor and David SaUivan collector for that year. In 1840, a newspaper was established here which was thereafter conducted by Wm. J. Knapp for about two years when, owing to poor health, Mr. No historical sketch of Oneonta would be regarded complete that failed to mention another name which no one can recall without a feeling of good-will. Dr. David T. Evans was horn in Washington county, in 1789 and settled here in 1829 He first began business as a tailor, but afterwards became a well-known and successful farrier. He was a famous story-teller and everybody gave a respectful hear- ing to the Doctor's tales regarding tne strange characters he had know^n or heard of. At least two generations of boys have grown up and gone out from the village who have listened to his stories Wherever those boys are now— scattered far and wide— they recall no scenes or events of their springtime without a remembrance of Dr. Evans and his tales, none of which were wanting in pith or amuse- ment. THE HISTOKY OF ONEOMTA. 53 Knapp Avas compelled to discontinue its publica- tion. It was the "Oneonta Weekly Journal." The 2:rowth of the villa3:e of Oneonta from 184U to 1850 must have been very slow. The buildin*:; of a house in those days was an act of no little importance. For ten years there were but few dwellings erected, and those few were of a cheap and inferior class. The population hardly kept pace with the building. The young went west, and the number of families that moved out was about equal to the number that moved in. From 1850 to 1860 there was but little building and but a small increase in population. There are no accessible figures showing the population of the villao-e at the different decades, but the census returns for the town may be taken as safe guides in forming an estimate of the village population at different periods. In ISm, when the town was organized, it contained a population of eleven hun- dred and forty-nine. In 18^0 it had increased to nineteen hundred and thirty-six. In 1850 it had slightly decreased, then being nineteen hundred and two. In 1855 it was twenty-one hundred and sixty-seven. These are the figures for the town. If the village population had increased in the same ratio, it could not have been far from two hun- dred and fifty when the town was formed in 1830. It is hardly fair to infer that the village ratio of 54 THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. increase was quite equal to that of the town. The western emigration was made up more largely from the village than from the farms. The same cause — lack of profitable employment — ^that has transferred the young men of New England from the plow to the manufacturing centres, transferred our young men from a place where no industry was encouraged, to remote but wider fields of usefulness. In 1851 the Albany & Susquehanna railroad company was organized and chartered. Samuel S. Beach and Woodbury K. Cooke drew up the first notice of the railroad project and at the same time drew up a notice of a meeting to be held in One- onta for the purpose of enlisting the interest of capitalists in the proposed road. These notices Messrs. Cooke and Beach caused to be printed and distributed at their own expense. This meet- ing resulted in the formation of the Albany & Sus- quehanna railroad company. High hopes of its speedy completion were then entertained. But could its projectors have forseen the difficulties and obstacles that they had to overcome, and the length of time that elapsed before the road was built to Oneonta, they would have wearied of the project and abandoned the enterprise. The road was completed to this place in 1865 — a little more than fourteen years after the organization of the company. THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. ^5 An improved appearance was at once given the village. New stores and new dwellings were built. Old," weather-stained buildings were brightened with paint, and the Dutch stoop with its half doors gave place to more pretentious verandas. Then about 1872 the machine shops were estab- lished here, and the village began to increase rap- idly, and new industries were developed. In 1860, there was but one newspaper published in the village. That was the Herald, which had been established in 1853 by L. P. Carpenter, and his brother, J. B. Carpenter-the former now ot the Morris Chronicle. L. P. continued the pub- lication of the paper, as editor and proprietor, lor a lono- time, and at last succeeded in gaining tor his journal a firm foothold in the community. He labored earlv and late at the work that was before him— editor, compositor and pressman— often be- set with discouragements, always feebly supported in his efforts, but still hopeful and plucky. He could hardly, in 1860, have dreamed that withm twenty years, steam presses would be brought into the same village to follow in the wake of he clumsy press whose only motive power was his own strong arm. But few of our citizens can now justly appreciate the obligation the commumty is under to Mr. Carpenter for the large part of his life- work which he here so unostentatiously performed. 56 THE HISTOEY OF ONEONTA. In 1860 there was no bank here, and merchants were compelled to adopt a round-about way of making exchanges with their creditors. Money was sent miles away, by the stage-driver, or by special messenger, to a bank where at a round premium a draft was bought. The stores of the village had each a general assortment of merchan- dise, including silks, broadcloths, groceries, plows, and schoolbooks. On either side of Main-st. was a hard-beaten path, which served for a sidewalk. On the south side of the street stood a number of dingy rookeries, in a half tumble-down condition. Pigs and cows roamed at large, and were only known to be home at supper-time, when old brin- dle, in more instances than one, might have been seen peering through the front window with a cov- etous look upon the family group around the table. Marked improvements are now to be observed in every direction. With the multiplication of in- dustries, and the introduction of new ones, calling for the outlay of more capital and the employment of more labor, the growth of the village, in popu- lation and wealth, bids fair to continue. A com- parison of figures is, at least, encouraging. In 1860, Oneonta was a thriftless hamlet with only about six hundred inhabitants. It is now a thriving vil- lage with a population of over four thousand. CHAPTER IV. pALVIN EATON, one of the first settlers about West Oneonta, settled on the farm now owned by Isaac Holmes. He came from Wyoming, Pa., date uncertain. He was a famous story-teller. Many of his stories have been preserved by tradition, and are now told in the neighborhood with great zest. His wife, familiarly known as Aunt Olive Eaton,, died about 1844 or 1845, at a very advanced age, he having died many years before. They brought up several of their nephews and nieces, having no children of their own, William Holmes, father of Isaac Holmes, being one of them. Elder Emanuel Northrup, a. Baptist minister, settled on the farm now owned by his grandson, Isaac Northrup, about 1794. He came originally, it is believed, from Rhode Islaud. He had lived in Connecticut, but came last from Stephentown, Rensselaer-co. His son, Josiah Northrup, wlio was afterwards a justice of the peace for many years, having been elected at the first town meet- ing, a prominent man in town affairs and a leading member of the Baptist church, was, at the time of his father's coming, about fourteen years of age ; he died in 1844. 58 THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. The farm now occupied by the Niles family was settled by Abner Mack, a Rhode Island man. He sold a part of his possession, what is now the Niles farm, in 1797, to Nathaniel Niles ; there were two of the name, father and son, the father being the .purchaser. He was at that time about seventy years of age ; he brought with him some apple seeds, planted a nursery, raised trees, set out an orchard, and lived to drink cider made from the apples. The orchard became quite famous in the neighborhood, and was known to all the boys for miles around ; many of the trees are yet bearing. Upon the death of the father, his son, Nathaniel Niles, who had occupied the farm with his father, became the owner, who lived upon the farm until his death in 1852, at eighty-seven years of age. Franklin Strait, another of the early settlers, came from Rhode Island in 1797 ; he brought his family, and drove an ox-team. He first settled on the farm now owned by Enos Thayer, where he lived until 1808, when he exchanged his farm with Asa Thayer, another of the early comers, for the property at West Oneonta where the hotel now stands. He enlarged the house that then stood upon the ground, took out a license, and opened . " Strait's Tavern," on the Oxford turnpike, one of the old landmarks for many years; he died in 1822. Two of his sons, Rufus and Alvinza Strait, are now THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 59 living. Before this property had come into the possession of Thayer, it had been occupied by Dan- iel Lawrence, father of Lewis Lawrence, of Utica, and where Lewis Lawrence was born. Robert Cook settled early upon the farm owned at present by Hammond Cook. At the time of his coming the Indians were yet frequent visitors. One day, as the story is. Cook was at work in the field, his wife being alone in the house, an Indian called, and finding her alone, brandished his knife, and made some terrible threats, frightening her almost to death. Just at this time Cook appeared ; the Indian took his departure precipitately. Cook seized his gun and pursued him. He returned after a little time, and the Indian never troubled them more. The place where Daniel Hodge now lives was first occupied by Samuel Stephen. His father John Stephen, made a settlement at Laurens before the Revolutionary war. The Sleepers were from near Burlington, New Jersey. During the war they became alarmed at the inroads of the tories and Indians, and returned to New Jersey. On their way back, they passed through Cherry Valley the day before the massa- cre. They returned to the settlement after the war. John Sleeper had several sons. One, Nehemiah Sleeper, built a mill below Laurens on the Otego 60 THE HISTOET OF ONEONTA. creek, which was afterwards known as Boyd's mill. Samuel Sleeper took up several hundred acres of land, of which the farms of Daniel Hodge and Hor- ace White formed a part. He built a grist-mill and saw-mill on theOtego creek, just below the covered bridge, this side (east) of West Oneonta. He was said to have been an active business man, and was quite a noted surveyor. He sold his property after some years to one David Smith, and went to Strouds- burgh. Pa., and thence to Ohio. His oldest son, Ephraim Sleeper, married Jane Niles, daughter of Nathaniel Niles, and remained in the neighbor- hood. The latter died about twelve years ago at West Oneonta, at an advanced age. Other persons are mentioned by the old residents as being among the early settlers. Samuel Green occupied a part of the farm now owned by Joseph Bull. A man named Ticknor, another part of the same farm. One Ogden lived where Joseph Taber now lives, about whom a few stories are current in the neighborhood. At one time a company of In- dians was encamped at the mouth of the Otego creek, engaged in making baskets and trinkets of various kinds. Ogden visited them for the pur- pose of getting a pair of silver shoe-buckles made by an Indian who was skilled in the art. It so happened that he had not silver enough to make the buckles. Two or three of the Indians left sud- THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 61 denly, and after having been absent a short time, returned, bringing a handful of silver. Ogden in- ferred from this that there must be a silver mine not far away, but he was never able to find it. — A deer* often came around his house ; he shot at it repeatedly, but was unable to hit it. An old wom- an lived not far away, who was called a witch; he finally suspected that she had something to do with the deer ; he procured a silver bullet, which he put in his gun, and next time the deer appeared he fired at it, wounding it badly, but it escaped; he soon learned, however, that the old woman was badly hurt.t *T}ie same story is told of other hunters and other witches. fXhe author is indebted to Mr. N. N. BuU for the sketch relating to West Oneonta. CHAPTER V. 'T^HE first church organization in town was effect- ed by the Presbyterians. The first meeting* was held at the house of Fredricli Brown, January 24, 1800, when John Houghtaling, Henry Scramling, John VanDerWerlier and James Dietz were chosen elders ; William Morenus, David Scram- ling, Aaron Barnes, and James Quackenbush w^ere chosen as deacons. Tlie following are the names of the ministers of the church with dates of service : Wm. Fisher, 1823-33 ; Wm. Clark, 18^3-37 ; Jos. W. Paddock, 1837-42 ; Fordyce Harrington, 1813 -45 ; Gaius M. Blodgett, 1845. — [Reorganization.] Eliphalet M. Spencer, 1849-52 ; Wm. B. Christo- pher, 1852-54 ; Wm. Baldwin, 1854-02; Geo. 0. Phelps, 1863-69 ; H. H. Allen, 1869— The next church organization was by the Metho- dist Episcopals. The first steps towards forming the society were taken by Nathan Bennett, Silas Wasliburn, David T. Evans, David Faircliild, and David T. Clark. This society had no house of worship for many years, and held their meetings in the village school house. The first church edi- fice was built in 1844. In 1868-69 a new and large meeting house was built and finished at a cost THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. 63 of $12,000. Rev. George Elliott and Rev. Wm. McDonald were the first preachers. Subsequent ministers have been : Rev. C. G. Robinson, 1854- 56 ; Rev. W. G. Queal, 1856-58 ; Rev. S. M. Stone, 1858-59 ; Rev. D.L. Pendell, 1859-61 ; Rev. Geo. Parsons, 1861-63 ; Rev. P. Y. Hujxhston, 1863-65 ; Rev. H. N.VanDusen, 1865-67; Rev. R.W.Peebles, 1867-70 ; Rev. Austin Griffin, 1870-72 ; Rev. I. N.Pardee, 1872-75 ; Rev. W. B. Westlake, 1875- 78 ; Rev. Y. Z. Smith, 1878-79 ; Rev. A. B. Richardson, 1879-82; Rev. D. C. Olmstead, 1882—. The First Baptist society was organized April 6, 1833. At a meeting called for that purpose, David Yager was chosen moderator and James Slade clerk. April 24, 1833, a council was held, of which Elder Alex. Smith, of Franklin, was mod- erator, and Elder Kingsley, of Meredith, clerk. The pastors have been Rev.D. B. Crane, 1833-35 ; Rev. John Smith, 1836-48 ; Rev. H. Clark, 1848- 49 ; Rev. A. B. Earle, 1849-53 ; Rev. E. West- cott, 1854-57 ; Rev. John Smith, 1858-65 ; Rev. A. Reynolds, 1865-70 ; Rev. Geo. R. Burnside, 1871-74 ; Rev. H. Brotherton, 1874-80 ; Rev. P. D. Root, 1880-82 ; Rev. E. D. Clough, 1883—. The Free Baptist church society was formed at the Emmons school house Feb. 25, 185 6.^ The ~*ArFree"Baptist"chiirchhad been^buiTt at thePlains many years before. 64 THE HISTOEY OF ONEONTA. council consisted of Rev. A. Wing, D. Green, 0. T. Moulton, and laymen Joseph Jenks and Harvey Mackey. The meeting house was built in 1857. The pastors have been, Rev. 0. T. Moulton, 1856- 61 ; Rev. H. Strickland, 1862 ; Rev. E. Crowel, 1864-68; Rev. G. P. Ramsey, 1868-72 ; Rev. 0. T. Moulton, 1872-75 ; Rev. Peter Scramling, 1875 ; Rev. M. C. Brown, 1875-78; Rev. D. C. Wheeler, 1878 ; Rev. David Boyd, 1880-83 ; Rev. C. A. Gleason, 1883~. The first Episcopal services were held in 1839, by the Rev. Andrew Hall, a missionary to Oneonta and Otego. At first the society met in the school- house of the village, and afterwards built a chapel on the lot now occupied by a part of the Central Hotel. The clergy have been as follows : Rev. Andrew Hall, 1839 ; Rev. Stephen Parker, 1855 ; Rev. D. S. Tuttle, 1864-65 ; Rev. E. N. Goddard, 1865 ; Rev. Mr. Foote and Rev. Mr. Ferguson, 1866-67 ; Rev. Mr. Lighthipe, 1870 ; Rev. Mr. Fitzgerald, 1873-74 ; Rev. J. H. Smith, 1874 ; Rev. J. B. Colhoun, 1875-78 ; Rev. J. B. Hubbs, 1880-81; Rev. C. D. Flagler, 1882—. The society was organized under the name of St. James church, April 7, 1870. The " First Universalist Society of Oneonta " was formed Dec. 12, 1877. The meeting house was built in 1878-79. The pastors have been THE niSTOKT OF ONEONTA. G5 Rev. L. F. Porter, 1877-81; Rev. H. Kirke White, 1882—. The Catholic society now numbers about three hundred. Services have been conducted hereto- fore by Rev. J. J. Brosnahan, of Cobleskill, till July, 1883, when the Bishop created a new parish at this place and appointed Rev. James H. Maney (of St. Mary's Church, Albany), who is now the resident pastor. The parish under the charge of the Rev. Mr. Maney extends from the Cooperstown Junction to the Harpersville Tunnel. This society is about to erect a church edifice on a lot already purchased for that purpose. The " Oneonta Union School" was organized in 1867. The sum of $5,000 was first voted for the purpose of building a schoolhouse, and afterwards the sum was increased to $7,500. The building was finished and school opened in 1868 with Wil- ber F. Saxton as principal. Mr. Sax ton resigned his position in 1870, and was then succeeded by Nathaniel N. Bull as principal. In 1873 the needs of the school were met by the building of a smaller schoolhouse in the lower part of the dis- trict. In 1874 and in 1880 the main school building was enlar2;ed to accommodate the increased atten- dance of scholars. An academic department was organized in 1874. The school is attended by about six hundred pupils, and twelve teachers arc 66 THE HISTORY OF ONEONTA. employed. Mr. Bull is still the efficient priccipal, and bis labor is shared by competent assistants. The business iitdustries and enterprises of the village consist of a number of large dry goods and clothirio; stores, several shoe stores, nearly a dozen grocery and provision stores, two or three bakeries, confectionery establishments, flour and feed stores, several builders' macliine shops, three saw mills, three grist mills, furniture stores, three large hardware stores, the railroad machine shops, round-houses, carriage factories, coopers' and black- smith shops, three drug stores, two well-equipped printing offices, each of which issues a carefully edited and well patronized newspaper — Herald and Deynooraf and Oneorda Press. There are two banks— the " Wilber National " and " Tlie First Na- tional" — both of which are doing a large business and are under prudent management. There are a dozen or more lawyers and as many physicians. Three roomy hotels care for and furnish entertain- ment to the way-faring public, and another hotel is in course of construction. The village is rapidly growing, and new indus- tries are multiplying. A desirable water power could be furnished to drive the wheels of a large manufactory — a subject that must sooner or later attract the attention of some capitalist. Well- shaded streets and well-kept roadways add to the THE HISTOUY OF ONEONTA. attractions of the villat^-e, while its sun'oundings of cultivated fields — of hill-side and j^lain — of wooded slopes and mountains— render the scenery as grand and diversified as can be found in the Susquehanna vallcv. • :E:s'X'u^:B3Liisi3::H:iD n.ss3. Herald and Democrat Oneonta, N . Y R REPUBLICRN NEWSPAPER , "T^EVOTED to the interests of Otsego County, of the Second Assembly District, and of Oneonta in particular. The most thorough local and general newspaper in the county. PUBLISHE^DWEEKm, ^JQQP^^ Ye(jr! -BY- YAOER & EAIRCHII.I>. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 224 247 3