F 
 899 
 
 541)6 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 THE vSOUND STATE AND ITS CHIEF CITY 
 
 m 
 
 EATTIiE 
 
 ISSUED BY 
 
 
 ^\lQ (^l^amber of (^ommerc? 
 
 JUriE, 1890. 
 
Glass ___Faa£i__ 
 
Chamber of CoMMERCii Buieding. 
 
A WONDERFUL CITY, 
 
 LKADING AIJ, OTIIlvRS IN WASHINGTON, QRKGON, MONTANA, 
 
 Idaho and British Columbia : 
 
 SEATTLE, 
 
 Its Past History, Recent Progress and 
 Present Advanced Position. 
 
 By J. W. J)()D(;E, 
 
 vSkcrktary of the Chamber of Commerce. 
 1890 
 
 Seattle. 
 Lownian & Hanford Stationery and Printing Company. 
 
 iSgo. 
 

 Seattle Chamber of Commerce 
 
 1890 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 
 President - - - . - 
 
 JOHN LEARY 
 
 Vice-President - . . . . 
 
 .' E. 0. GRAVES 
 
 Second Vice-President 
 
 THOS. W. PROSCH 
 
 Treasurer ----- 
 
 - E. F. WITTIER 
 
 Secretary ----- 
 
 J. W. DODGE 
 
 TRUSTEES. 
 
 • 
 
 PERCY W. ROCHESTER 
 
 B. F. SHAUBUT 
 
 C. H, KITTINGER 
 
 HERMAN CHAPIN 
 
 A. HOLMAN 
 
 U. R. NIESZ 
 
 A. P. MITTEN 
 
 W. E. BAILEY 
 
 G. DAVIES 
 
 JACOB FURTH 
 
 G. H, HEILBRON 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 N 
 -^. 
 
 
,P R E F A C E. 
 
 • This pamphlet is issued by tlie Seattle Cliamber of Commerce 
 lor the purpose of giving briefly, autlieiitic information as to the. 
 eliinate, resources and advantages of that portion of the State of 
 Washington adjacent to Paget Sound, and especially of Seattle, the 
 metrojiolis of the State ; conveying to home-seekers and to capital- 
 ists desiring profitable investments a correct idea of what will be 
 found here in the way of natural resources, climate, transportation 
 facilities, commerce, trade and social advantau'es. 
 
MT. RAIN11;R, IKUM JvAKl'; WASHINCtTOX. 
 
THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 C,qAS]IINGTON was ci-eato(I a TeiTitory Mairli 2, 
 
 ^^ 18-")3, and was admitted to statehood Novend)er 
 
 ^m. ISSl). It lies between the 46tli and 49th i)aTallels of 
 
 noi'lh latitude and the llTtli and I'ioth ineridians of 
 
 P longitude west from CJreeinvie]!. It li'as an area of 
 
 a ()J),994 square miles and an estimated })oj)ulation of 
 
 :M(),000. 
 
 The State of Waslnngton is greater in area tlian any 
 State east of the Mississi[)})i river, and is greater than all six New- 
 England States comljined, or Pennsylvarna, New Jersey, Delaware 
 and Maryland together. It is not only greater in area, but also in 
 resourees. The growth of the Commonwealth has been comparatively 
 slow until of late years. This has been due to remoteness from the 
 centers of trade and poi)ulation and to lack of railroad facilities. 
 
 The following table, showing population and wealth, will s})eak 
 for itself: 
 
 Year. 
 
 Population. 
 
 r86o 
 
 1870 
 
 1875 
 
 1880 
 
 1885 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 (E.stimated)- 
 
 Wealtii. 
 
 11,594 
 
 $ 4,394,735 
 
 23.955 
 
 10,642,863 
 
 44,842 
 
 14,569,156 
 
 75,116 
 
 23,^13,693 
 
 130,465 
 
 5o,/84,437 
 
 240,000 
 
 125,058,879 
 
 350,000' 
 
 155,000,000 
 
 Let the reader imagine a further continuance of this growth at 
 the same ratio of increase and the year 1900 will find 1,200,000 
 people in the State, owning })roperty valued for taxable purposes at 
 $900,000,000. 
 
 Tlie first American settlement on Puget Sound w^as made in 
 Octol)er, 1.S45, at New Market, now Turn water, by Col. M. T. Sim- 
 mons and others. Prior to this the Hudson Bay and Northwestern 
 Fur Companies had established trading posts at different points and 
 
THE SOUND STATE. 
 
 had iridaced one party of farmers from the Red River valley of the 
 nortli to settle at Nisqually, in November, 1841. There were also 
 early missionary settlements at Salem, in 1<S;34 ; A^^alla Walla, 1835 ; 
 and Spokane, in 1838. 
 
 The State of Washington is divided hy the Cascade range of 
 monntains, extending through it north and south, into two distinct 
 regions. That portion to the east of the mountains and known as 
 Eastern Washington contains about 45,000 square miles. 
 
 The winters in this district are longer and colder and the sum- 
 mers shorter and warmer than in Western Washington, where the 
 climate is equable and mild. Eastern Washington consists chiefly 
 of plateau or table lands, for the most part sparsely timbered. The 
 soil is fertile and produces excellent and abundant crops of wheat, 
 oats, barley, hay, vegetables and fruits. Tlie average yield of wheat 
 in Washington as per Government reports is larger than any other 
 State in the Union, being 23.5 bushels per acre. 
 
 Western Washington has an area of 25,000 square miles, and 
 while possessing agricultural resources as great as Eastern AVashing- 
 ton, is entirely different, owing to the difference in soil and climate. 
 But little wheat is raised west of the Cascade range, not because it 
 cannot Ije grown, for it must be Ijorne in mind that wheat raised in 
 Tlnu'ston county was awarded tlie premium over all competitors at 
 the Centennial Exliibition held in Plnladelphia in 1870. 
 
 Western Washington is covered with a dense growth of im- 
 mense timber, consisting cliiefly of Douglas (or red) fir, wliite cedar, 
 hendock, spruce, wliite pine, balsam (or white) fir, yew, maple, ash 
 and alder, Douglas fir predominating; its timber is of the best 
 quality, said by experts to be superior to any other fir tree in tlie 
 world. It is especially adapted to ship, bridge and car building; 
 in fact, for all building purposes it has a world-wide reputation, l)e- 
 ing heavy, strong and firm. It has been proven by experimental 
 test that this timber is stronger than the oak of the Eastern States. 
 The trees are of immense proportions, specimens over 250 feet in 
 lieiglit and upwards of eight feet in diameter being not uncommon, 
 while the average is estimated at 160 feet in height and four feet in 
 diameter. There was recently cut at the Port Blakely Mill (a Seattle 
 company) a stick of fir timber 150 feet long, three feet S(|uare at 
 each end. 
 
 AVhite cedar is next in abundance and size as well as com- 
 mercial importance. Its wood is soft and light, splits with ease and 
 ivgularity, and is .especially valuable for shingles, finishing work 
 and furniture. The immense quantity and fine quality of the tim- 
 l)er, coupled with the ready means of direct water communication 
 with the markets of the world from Puget Sound, first attracted set- 
 tlement in Western Washington, and the lumber industy lias held 
 
THE SOUND STATE. 
 
 tlu' suprc'iiuK-y to tlio ])r(>scMit time. By reason of the })rolits in tliis 
 line of business I'arniinu- lias l)een neii'lected. A\"liilo there are now 
 many fine farms, tlie area of tilled land as eompared with that yet 
 unck^ired and uncultivated is very small. The natural fertility of 
 the soil, the present heavy and steadily growin<i- demand for farm 
 produce, will, so soon as ^-onerally known, attract farmers. Es[)e- 
 cially to those accpiainttMl with garden farming, dairying, fruit and 
 ])oultry raising, is there hei'e a most profitable iield. An authority 
 on poultry recently state<l to the writer, when speaking of the 
 protits in that business, that the jirice of ranch eggs in this section 
 averaged 30 cents per dozen during the past year. At the same 
 time this is the best poultry producing eounti'v west of the Mis- 
 souri river, California and the dry countries east of the Sierras and 
 west of the jNIissouri having many unfavorable conditions, none of 
 which exist in Western Washington. Poultry here is not sul)ject to 
 any disease and can be produced with great success and i)rofit. 
 
 There are some crops, such as corn, lima beans and sweet po- 
 tatoes, which, owing to the cool summer nights, do not mature, and 
 cannot, therefore, be advantageously produced. I^)Ut all other cereals 
 can be raised successfully and there is no soil or climate better 
 adapted to the j^roduction of oats, hay, jjotatocs, vegetables and 
 fruits. 'Florida is termed the land of fruits and flowers. It cer- 
 tainly has no better claim to this title than her most distant sister 
 State. 
 
 All fruits that can be grown in the temperate zone here are 
 produced with ease and in abundant quantities; peaches, prunes, 
 a})})les, cherries, strawberries, pears and melons are especially fine 
 and prolific. The prunes of Puget Sound district are equal in 
 quality to those of Italy and find a ready market at e(|ual price 
 with the best Italian. 
 
 The most beautiful flowers, and especially the queen of them 
 all, the rose, grows here most prolifically, even those varieties which 
 can only be produced in the best conservatories of the Eastern 
 States are here raised with ease and with but slight attention. The 
 c[uantity of bloom . is sim})ly astonishing. The writer recently 
 measured a rose freshly plucked from one of the Seattle gardens 
 and found it to be 5^- inches in diameter, while specimens G and 7 
 inches in diameter are known. 
 
 In the production of hops Western Washington has become 
 justly celebrated both as to quantity and quality produced. The 
 average yield of the State for the past thirteen years has been a])out 
 1700 pounds per acre, though many ranches are i)ro(lucing a much 
 higher average. Mr. J. P. Stew^art, of Puyallup, for instance, states 
 that the average yield on his place for the past thirteen years has been 
 2111 pounds per acre. Several instances are known where thej'ield 
 
THE SOUND STATE. ■ it 
 
 \V{is 3000 and as liitiii as 4000 j)()uii(ls pci' acre. Tiiu average price 
 l)ai(l the grower duriiiu; the ah()ve-ineiiti<iiie(l pei-iod (exchisivo of 
 tlie year 1S.S;3, wlien the niaxiinimi price paid was $1.10) has been 
 IS cents per pound : the avera^'e cost of [)r()diictioii is !) cents ]>cr 
 pound. The avera-c yield of the State is 40,000 l)ales of 200 
 pounds each. In New York State tlie average yield of ho])s is (500 
 |M)unds per acre ; in England and ( terniany, SOO pounds per acre. 
 In Wiishington the cro[) is not subject to pests or disease, while in 
 all other districts it is aft'octed to a, greater or l(>ss extent, 'i'lie crop 
 of this State is grown chielly in King and Ti^'rce counties, though 
 more or less are produced in Sk;igit, Lewis, Yakima, Walla Walla 
 and other counties. The yield of ho})s is greater here than in any 
 other ])rirt of the Vvorld. The business is a permanent and growing 
 one. 
 
 By far the most important })ortion of Washington is the region 
 adjacent to Puget Sound. This body of water is in reality an in- 
 land sea. It was discovered in 1592 by A})ostolus Valerianus, 
 called Juan de Fuca, a Greek navigator, and the straits connecting 
 the Sound with the Pacific ocean bears the nanu^ Ijy which he was 
 known. 
 
 Puget Sound extends from north to south entirel}' witlnn the 
 State, parallel with and about 90 miles from the Pacific ocean. It 
 has a surface area of 2000 square miles, and a shore line of over 1600 
 miles. With its numerous bays, harbors and estuaries, it is one of 
 the most beautiful sheets of water in the world. From the entrance 
 of the straits to the extivnie southern end of the Sound there is an 
 average de|)th of 70 fathoms, l)old waters to the shores, and not one 
 hidden danger, rock, quicksand or shoal, and being land-locked 
 severe storms are uidcnown u[)on it, therein' affording a direct, un- 
 interru})ted and unsur[)assed highway for commerce to all ])orts of 
 the world from a section of country })ossessing more natural ad- 
 vantages and resources than any other ])art of the Union. 
 
 The climate of this region is the most equable known, there l)eing 
 no extremes of heat or cold and no severe droughts. Tins is chiefly 
 due to the close proximity of the nnghty Pacific ocean and of the 
 warm Japan current, keeping the temperature nearer uniform than in 
 any otlier part of the Union. Government records show the highest 
 temperature within the past ten years to have been 94 degrees and 
 the lowest during the same time 3 degrees above zero. During the 
 past twelve years the rainfixll, as recorded at Port Blakely (on the 
 0])})Osite side of the Sound and nine miles from Seattle) by the official 
 signal observer, has averaged 41.03 inches per year. During this 
 time there were three years when no snow fell. The average fall of 
 snow per year for the period was 17.6 inches. The mean tempera- 
 ture for the past twelve years has been 53 degrees above zero. 
 
12 THE SOUND STATE. 
 
 Liimljer-making has been tlie leading manufacture of Wash- 
 ington in the })ast and will be the leading industry, doubtless, for 
 many years to come. The outjnit from Puget Sound mills for the 
 year^l<S89 aggregated 684,188,000 feet ; laths, 143,052,000 ; pickets, 
 8,200,000. The total cut of shingles in the State for the year was 
 900,000,000. While a large part of this output found a home mar- 
 ket, that 'is, within the State of AVashington, east by rail to Chicago 
 and points in Colorado, Montana, Dakota and other States, and by 
 water to San Francisco and southern Pacific Coast points, a very 
 consideral)le (quantity was shi})ped on orders to Soutli America, 
 Mexico, Australia, Hawaiian Islands, China and England. 
 
 Large as the present lumber trade is, it is but an indication of 
 the future possibilities and, we may safely add, probabilities. 
 
 It is possible to increase the trade almost indefinitely. Tliere 
 is a ready demand for the output and it can practically be placed in 
 every marked of the world. From 1850 to 1860 the entire cut of 
 lumber in Washington did not average 60,000,000 feet per year; 
 from I860 to 1870 the average was 175,000,000; from 1870 to 1880, 
 250,000,000, and for the past ten years, 400,000,000. Upon this 
 basis the total cut of lumber in Washington up to this year has 
 been 8,350,000,000 feet. A reasonable estimate of standing timber 
 in the State is 200,000,000,000 feet. There need, therefore, be no 
 apprehension of an exhaustion of tiinber in tliis State for many 
 years to come. 
 
 Notwithstanding the immense value of the timber of Western 
 Washington, it will, doubtless, be exceeded by the mineral wealth, 
 which cannot be estimated, being as yet practically undeveloped. 
 Coal, iron and limestone exist in almost unlimited quantities, while 
 copper, galena and the precious metals tu'e found in paying quanti- 
 ties over a large area and new discoveries of very rich deposits are 
 of frequent occurrence. 
 
 The coal measures of the Puget Sound basin consist of alter- 
 nate beds of yellow and gray fine-grained sandstone and very fi-ne 
 gray arenacious shales interstratified with many beds of carbona- 
 ceous shale and coal. Mr. Willis in his report says: "Looking at 
 the Puget Sound basin as a whole the coal measures extend from 
 l)eyon(i the liritish boundary south almost to the Colund)ia, and 
 from the Pacific ocean eastward up into the Cascade range to eleva- 
 tions varying from 800 to 5000 feet above the sea. The coals of 
 this district range in (juahty all the way from lignite, which still 
 retains a woody structure, to antlu'acite. The magnificent forests 
 so extensive on the western slope of the Cascades, with tlieir lux- 
 urious and dense growth of vegetation, makes a formidable obstruc- 
 tion to the development of and to the determination of the coal 
 fields. Coal, however, is known to exist h'om tlie northern to the 
 
H 
 
 THE SOUND STATE. 
 
 soiitlicrii l)oiin(laiy lines of the State, through a l)eU ranging from 
 10 to 30 miles in width. The general coal formation in the Htate 
 is })laced much the same as that of the anthracite of Tennsylvania, 
 with the sides of the basins dipping at all angles from 15 degrees 
 to 90 degrees. The number of coal beds in the field is undeter- 
 mined, but, judging from the great number of exposures and the 
 varied character of the beds aiid rocks, it is large. Those already 
 examined vary in thickness from 1 to 4i5 feet." 
 
 Below will be found comparative analyses of Pennsylvania, 
 Tennessee, Utah and Washington coals, as shown by reports of the 
 De})artment of the Interior — United States Geological Survey: 
 
 Coal. 
 
 FIXED 
 CARBON. 
 
 VOIvATILE 
 MATTER. 
 
 ASH. 
 
 E. C. 
 
 WATER 
 
 v. H. C. 
 
 
 Ivawrence County, Pa- 
 
 Coal Creek, Tenii 
 
 Emery County, Utah 
 
 A 
 
 Washington - B 
 
 ,C 
 
 55-50 
 57-52 
 47-65 
 60.67 
 60.38 
 52.11 
 
 40.65 
 38.82 
 
 39-75 
 25.88 
 29.09 
 42.27 
 
 3-15 
 
 3-09 
 
 6.05 
 
 12.12 
 
 9-37 
 3.82 
 
 2-35 
 .20 
 Not given 
 
 2.34 
 2.07 
 3.S2 
 
 Not given 
 1.04 
 6-55 
 1-33 
 1. 16 
 1.80 
 
 Coal from several different localities has been tested and found 
 to j)roduce excellent coke. With only a few mines developed to 
 any extent, and with a greater number of our most promising mines 
 not sufficiently developed vet to be shi})})ing, there was an output 
 during the year 1889 of f,000,000 tons, valued at $4,r)00,000. Of 
 tbis amount King county produced 4oO,320 tons. Tlie output is 
 increasing as rapidly as tlic capacity and number of mines will i)er- 
 mit. The out])ut for 1890 will consideral)ly exceed that of the past 
 vear. Shii)ments from the Gilman mine alone, operated by the 
 Seattle Coal and Iron Company, have been 29,000 tons from Janu- 
 ary 1st to June 1st. This mine is now producing over 350 tons per 
 day, and as the shaft is extended the quality of coal im])roves. 
 The total output of coal from Seattle from January 1st to June 1st, 
 1890, was 201,180 tons. When it is borne in mind that with the 
 exce[)tion of two very small mines in California, producing coal of 
 an inferior qualit}^ and in quantity not sufficient to be taken into 
 consideration, and an annual output of 40,000 tons of an inferior 
 (piality from Oregon mines, tliere is no other State than Wash- 
 ington on the Pacific ('oast possessing coal, the value and future of 
 this branch of industry can be understood. 
 
THE SOUND STATE. 
 
 15 
 
 Next in prospective iinporlMiicc lo tlic ('(tnl nnd closely con- 
 iiectei-l with it is the iron, of which tiiere iii-c live grades, three of 
 them l\iiii;- within the Ik'ssenier hiiiits. Below will l)e found an 
 analysis of some of the iron ores trihntarv to Seattle: 
 
 METAI,I,IC 
 IRON 
 
 .SILICA. 
 
 PHOSP. SULPHUR. 
 
 A 
 
 B 
 
 C 
 
 71.17 
 67.17 
 64.50 
 
 1.30 
 4.02 
 6.03 
 
 . -039 
 .031 
 
 .005 
 .041 
 .005 
 
 The iron ore of this district has been thoroughly tested and 
 is known to possess the re<piisite i)roperties for i)roducing the very 
 best steel. Experts who have examined the dei)osits now ex})0sed 
 state that the beds are inexhaustible. 
 
 One powerful com})any has been incorporated for the })urpose 
 of manufacturing iron and steel, and is now erecting extensive 
 works at Kirkland, one of Seattle's suburbs. Of these works we 
 have the following official statement from the com})any : " Kirkland, 
 the site of the works of the Great Western Iron and Steel Company, 
 is located on the eastern' shore of Lake Washington and is a])out 
 live miles distant from Seattle. It is at ju'esent a scene of great ac- 
 tivity and gives promise of becoming one of the most important 
 manufacturing cities of the Pacific Coast. As has been said, it has 
 been chosen as the location for tlie plant of tlie (Jreat Western Iron 
 and Steel AVorks, an institution which has been organi/A'd to de- 
 velop the mineral resources of Washington. The authoi'ized ca})ital 
 of this com})any is $5,000,000, of which $1,000,000 has been paid 
 in. Among its stockholders are (leneral Russell A. Alger, of De- 
 troit ; J. jNIontgomery Sears, of I)oston ; H. A. Noble, of Des Moines ; 
 I J on. J. S. Fassett, of Elmira ; Edward Blewitt, L. S. J. Hunt, Jacob 
 Eurth, C. T. Tyler, Peter Kirk, W. W. Wilhams and l^ailey (uitzert. 
 It is the purpose of the company, wliich controls the most extensive 
 bodies of ore on the Pacific Coast, to erect at once blast furnaces and 
 rolling mills which will give employment to more than .3000 men. 
 The preliminary work with this oljject in view is well under way. 
 Extensive purchases of material have been made, the ground is be- 
 ing })repared for the erection of the buildings, and it is expected 
 that the extensive plant will be in operation within eighteen months. 
 The Northern Pacific is now building a branch to Kirkland, and 
 this, with the Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern, assures ample railroad 
 facilities for the new works and the town which will surround them." 
 
i6 THE SOUND STATE. 
 
 In close })r()ximity to the iron and coal clc])0.sit is found tlio 
 finest of limestone for furnace use. Following is an analysis of 
 crystallized limestone from King county: Silica, 0.81; oxide of 
 lime and alumina, 1.85 ; carbonate of lime, 94.06 ; carb. magnesia, 
 3.12; phosphorus, trace ; sulphur, . 
 
 Flint fire clay and also very fine qualities of plastic clays are 
 found in large quantities in the coal measures. One compan}^ with 
 |1 00,000 capital, has just, completed an extensive plant at Seattle 
 for the manufacture of terra cotta, fire brick and sewer pipe. 
 
 Ma'rble of various kinds and grades has been discovered in 
 the Cascade range. The writer was recently shown a fine sam})le of 
 verd anti(iue, which is said to exist in considerable quantity, while 
 the white, gray and black are abundant. 
 
 Granite, syenite and several grades of sandstone exist in large 
 c[uantities. 
 
 The whole tide waters of Puget Sound, as well as the rivers of 
 Washington, abound with food fishes. Everybody has known that 
 in this section fish — halilnit, salmon, cod, smelt and other choice 
 varieties — were i)lentiful in quantity and excellent in (piality, but 
 nobody not engaged in the business has sup})Osed that it amounted 
 to anything. But statistics show that our fisheries supply prolitahle 
 employment to 3000 men, that |1, 000, 000 of capital is'enqjloyed in 
 it and that the annual })roduct amounts to over |1,000,000. More- 
 over, the excellence in quality and great quantity, have tem})ted 
 schooners from far-off Massachusetts to engage in catching, drying 
 and shipping halibut from tliese watei'S. All of which takes no ac- 
 count of the rich oyster beds of Sho;d water bay, the most prolific 
 on the Pacific Const. There is no reason why the 3000 men who have 
 found profitable enq)loyment in these fisheries should not be in- 
 creased by many multiples. 
 
 The commerce of the State and especially of Puget Sound is 
 expanding rapidly and surely. The great outside trade is thro\igii 
 the Sound. Here come the teas of China, and Japan, the cement, 
 iron, fire l)rick and manufactured goods of Great Britain ; the coffee, 
 rice, si)ices, sugar, etc.; of Hawaii, Brazil, Manila, Central America 
 and other foreign countries, to say nothing of the thousands of tons 
 of American })roduction from New York, San Francisco and other 
 seaports.. From here go lumber, coal, wheat, fish, etc., to the value 
 of thirteen to fourteen million dollars per annum. Five sea-going 
 vessels per day, 150 per month and ]800 per year, averaging 1000 
 tons each, go from Puget Sound to foreign ports and coast points 
 l)evond the State limits, and as many vessels enter the Sound. Tlie 
 aniount of shi[)})ing in American bottoms is greater from Puget 
 Sound than any port in the Cnion except New York, The United 
 
THE SOUND STATE. 
 
 17 
 
 States Board of Local Inspectors of Steam Vessels for the Puget 
 Sound District, in their annual report for 1889, shows as follows: 
 
 Total number of steamers inspected 194 
 
 Gross amount of tonnage 20,672.18 
 
 Number of passengers carried 892,000 
 
 out 
 I'ade a 
 
 The nunihei- of passengers carried 
 exceeds that of the previous year bj 
 300,000. Below will be found the re- 
 port of the Collector of tlie Customs 
 District of Puget Sound showing the 
 total tonnage of vessels officially enter- 
 ing Puget Sound during the past year 
 to have been 941,167 tons; of vessels 
 clearing, 965,474 tons. And yet the 
 tonnage, large as it is, shows less than 
 two-thirds of the actual shii)ping pass- 
 ul Puget Sound, many vessels l)eing engaged in 
 nd not legally required to enter and clear: 
 
 VEvSSELS ENTERED. 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 1890 
 
 > 
 
 o2 
 
 > 
 III s 
 
 S n 
 n > 
 o 2; 
 
 
 w 
 
 t/5 
 
 
 TONS. NO. TONS. NO 
 
 49-935 
 60,816 
 
 60,295 
 52,260 
 61,506 
 
 56,043 
 52,756 
 
 62,119 
 52,221 
 
 60,797 
 
 66,497 
 79,987 
 
 74 
 88 
 80 
 72 
 86 
 64 
 79 
 79 
 62 
 
 75 
 80 
 
 12,272 
 
 7,193 
 2,428 
 
 7,373 
 7,507 
 8,876 
 3,681 
 5,588 
 
 3,828 
 7,506 
 
 TONS. NO 
 
 9,483 
 21,665 
 
 25,471 
 14.520 
 23.900 
 13,768 
 17,250 
 14,011 
 14,009 
 10,820 
 18,449 
 17,041 
 
 17 
 26 
 
 23 
 31 
 19 
 19 
 16 
 
 17 
 16 
 
 25 
 26 
 
 TONS. NO. 
 
 1,485 
 1,235 
 2,603 
 619 
 1,380 
 2,392 
 1,839 
 
 2,442 
 
 628 
 561 
 
t8 
 
 THE SOUND STATE. 
 
 VESSELS CLEARED. 
 
 MONTHS. 
 
 Tune 1889 
 July 
 
 August ' ' 
 Sept. " 
 Oct. 
 
 Nov. " 
 Dec. 
 
 Jan. 1890' 
 Feb. 
 
 March " 
 April " 
 May " 
 
 o « 
 
 TONS. ! NO. 
 
 
 t< 
 
 o 
 
 2 Vi 
 
 TONS. 
 
 s « 
 
 1J 
 O C 
 
 TONS. NO 
 
 55-503 
 67,307 
 65,072 
 67,088 
 
 64,359 
 62,176 
 65,900 
 59,829 
 
 59,045 
 61,091 
 
 77,405 
 86,720 
 
 80 
 89 
 91 
 90 
 
 84 
 80 
 
 j 80 
 
 73 
 68 
 
 I 77 
 I 96 
 III 
 
 9,616 
 11,790 
 9.338 
 5,765 
 7,866 
 6,011 
 11,779 
 5,184 
 2,495 
 4,831 
 2,709 
 6,868 
 
 16 
 
 II 
 6 
 
 II 
 7 
 
 15 
 7 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 
 II 
 
 8,384 
 10,158 
 16,538 
 10,717 
 17,928 
 
 12,373 
 12,648 
 
 9,349 
 
 9,975 
 
 13,193 
 
 13,156 
 
 13,685 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 18 
 
 13 
 20 
 
 14 
 18 
 II 
 12 
 16 
 16 
 19 
 
 TONS. Tsro 
 
 12,351 
 
 The total value of exports from the Puget Sound Customs Dis- 
 trict for May, according to the report just completed at the Customs 
 House, was $307,781. This is an increase of $63,000 over the ex- 
 ports of the month of April. Of the exports, goods to the value of 
 $124,104 were carried in American bottoms, and to the value of 
 $183,777 in foreign bottoms. The destination of exports and their 
 value is as follows : 
 
 Ireland |i36,82l 
 
 British Columbia 88,561 
 
 China 34,273 
 
 Chili 20,951 
 
 British Possessions 13,226 
 
 Hawaii _-, 8,597 
 
 Mexico 5,352 
 
 Total 1307,781 
 
 The following statement, kindly furnished by the Collector of 
 the District, shows the business of Puget Sound District as com- 
 pared with Boston, New York, San Francisco and New Orleans : 
 
33 
 
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 865,373 
 408,268 
 480,060 
 
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SEATTLE. 
 
 T ESS til an forty years ago 
 the site of the present City 
 
 ■ The 
 of 20 
 
 present i ity 
 of Seattle was a wilderness 
 more wild and lonely than any sec- 
 tion of the country now within the 
 i)Oundaries of this Union. To-day it is the 
 nietropohs of Washington; the Queen City of 
 the Northwest ; the most progressive and i-apidly 
 growing city in the West, Its location is most ad- 
 vantageous, situated near the middle and on the eastern 
 shore of that grand arm of the Pacific, Puget Sound, it 
 is the natural centre toward wdiicli gravitates the trade and 
 'commerce of the State, aiid especially that portion lying 
 between the Cascade and Olympic ranges, 
 harljor of Seattle is unsurpassed, liaving a surface area 
 S(|uare miles, affording good and safe anchorage for 
 an immense number of vessels. The water front extends for 
 six miles. A^'.'-sels an(-horing within one-half mile of the shore in 
 this harbor will find the maximum depth of water 15 fathoms. 
 The wharfage facilities of Seattle are ample and excellent, there be- 
 ing over a mile of ivJiarf frontage, 42.'35 feet of which has been con- 
 structed since the fire. 
 
 Seattle was first settled April 3, 1852, by A. A. Denny, I). T. 
 Denny, W. N. Bell and C. D. Boren, who first located at Alki Point, 
 November 13, 1851, but the harborage not proving good there they 
 commenced exploring the Sound and adjacent country for a more 
 advantageous location for the sup})l3'ing and i)roper handling of 
 piling and lumber. After careful inspection of the timber and 
 sounding the harbor, they decided upon the present site, and lo- 
 cated on the date- above mentioned, naming the new place after 
 tlieir Indian friend Seattle, chief of the Suquampsh and allied 
 tribes. Mr. H. L. Yesler, of Ohio, arrived in October, 1852. His 
 coming was an important event, as he established the first steam 
 saw mill on the Sound. 
 
22 
 
 SEA TTLE. 
 
 Seattle harbor was first surveyed in '1841 by Captain Cliarles 
 Willies, of the United States exploring expedition sent out under 
 President Tyler's administration. In Captain Wilkes' report occurs 
 the now well-known and famous verdict concerning Puget Sound : 
 " I venture nothing in saying that no country in the world possesses 
 waters equal to these. From the mouth of tlie straits to the head 
 of navigation, 200 miles inland, not a shoal nor reef nor hidden 
 danger exists. At times it narrows to a river's width and ag;iin 
 widens into the majesty of a sea, but is everywhere free to naviga- 
 tion, the home of all craft ; blue deep and fathomless." 
 
 Puget Sound scenery, especially that adjacent to Seattle, is ma- 
 jestically grand. From natural elevations in various parts of the 
 city is seen, to the west and beyond the calm blue waters of tlie 
 Sound, the dark and snow-capped Olympics, while to the east one 
 first notices Lake Washington, a beaisitiful sheet of fresh water, 
 which lies parallel with the Sound and from 2 to 10 miles from it, 
 but 19 feet higher than the waters of the Sound at mean tide (thus 
 affording, when put to use, an immense water power). Lake Wash- 
 
SEA TTLE. 
 
 ington is 22 miles in Icii^tli by an average of tlirec miles in width 
 and of an immense de])tli, soundings showing 100 fathoms in })laees. 
 The water is clear and cold, being fed by s[)rings and mountain 
 streams. Be^'ond and extending north and south as far as the eye 
 can reach is the mighty Cascade range, with Mt. Baker to the north 
 and Mt. Rainier to the"^ south, the former 10,814, the latter 14,444 
 feet in heighi, capi)e(l witli ])erpelual snow. Still to tlie east of Lake 
 Washington and parallel with it is Lake Samamish, about one-half 
 the size of Lake Washington. Tliese two lakes ai'e connected by 
 the Samamish river. In the northern part of the city and between 
 Lake Washington and tiie bay lies Lake Union. All three of these 
 lakes are connected with the Sound by a small canal which it is in- 
 tended in the near future to enlarge, making a ship canal, thus 
 affording an unexcelled fresh water harbor for ocean vessels. The 
 feasalnlity of this undertaking has been successfully demonstrated. 
 The General Government will, doubtless, when the matter is properly 
 presented, recognize the national advaiitage of such an enterprise, 
 especially in the solution of the problem of the best location for a 
 large navy yard. 
 
 \\\ 1870, Seattle was in population the fourth town in the Ter- 
 ritory ; in 1875, the third ; in 1880, the second, in 1883 and since 
 the first. The following table will forcibly illustrate its remarkable 
 growth : 
 
 United States 
 
 Territorial 
 
 United States 
 Territorial — 
 
 Territorial 
 
 Directory 
 
 City 
 
 Territorial 
 
 City 
 
 YEAR. 
 
 POPUr^ATION 
 
 '1870 
 
 1,107 
 
 1875 
 
 1,512 
 
 1880 
 
 3,533 
 
 1883 
 
 6,645 
 
 1885 
 
 9,786 
 
 • 1887 
 
 12,167 
 
 1888 
 
 19,116 
 
 1889 
 
 26.740 
 
 1S9O 
 
 43.467 
 
 The United States census is now being taken, but we have no 
 means of determining witli accuracy the present po])ulation. When 
 the city census was taken in May there were 4o,4G7 residents 
 in the city. Since that time a large number of laboring men, esti- 
 
Central School. 
 
 DEN>fy School. 
 
SEA TTLE. 
 
 25 
 
 mated at over 3000, have by reason of the rapid railroad construc- 
 tion, mining industries, etc., been taken from this city. X conserva- 
 tive estimate of our TixcmI population will, however, be upwards 
 of 40,000. 
 
 The school census is taken ainuially. Its showings are most 
 oratifying. The number of childri'n of school age reported each 
 vear since 1877 is as follows : 
 
 1877 
 
 187S 
 
 1879 
 
 18S0 
 
 1881 
 
 1882--I 
 
 188.V— — - 
 
 1,171 
 
 1,257 
 
 1,341 
 1,462 
 1,580 
 
 1,877 
 2,675 
 
 1884 2,826 
 
 1885 — 2,901 
 
 1886 3,069 
 
 1887 3,594 
 
 1888 — 5,809 
 
 1889 9,248 
 
 1S90 11,156 
 
 Seattle is a city of intelligence and culture. Its educational 
 organization is as complete; as that of any city in the Tniou. It is 
 the seat of the Washington State University, an institution of higher 
 education wdiicli will compare favorably with the universities of the 
 older States. Its public school system is a model one. There are 
 now seven large public school buildings. They are modern in style 
 of architecture and complete in all their appointments — built to en- 
 dure for generations. Four additional school buildings, each to cost 
 $25,000, are now being constructed and will soon l)e com[)leted. 
 Seattle is also the seat of an excellent female seminary, which is 
 conducted under the auspices of the Catholic Church. 
 
 The number of children in actual attendance at the })ublic 
 schools, as per Superintendent Kennedy's report for the month of 
 April, 1890, was 4,502. 
 
 The amount of public land set apart for school purposes in the 
 State of AVashington is 2,824,400 acres, divided as follow^s : 
 
 For Public Schools 2,488,320 
 
 For State University 46,080 
 
 For Agricultural Colleges 90,000 
 
 For Scientific Schools 100,000 
 
 For State Normal Schools 100,000 
 
 There are 43 church societies in Seattle, and we venture to say 
 the various houses of worship are Ijetter attended than in any city 
 of its size in the West. The various denominations are represented 
 as follows ; 
 
vSouTH School. 
 
 Providence Hospital. 
 
SEA TTIJi 
 
 27 
 
 DENOMINATION. 
 
 NO. OK 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 Baptist 7 
 
 rresbyteri.'in 7 
 
 Methodist 6 
 
 Coiigregatioiialist ^^ - 4 
 
 Methodist Protestant 3 
 
 Lutheran 3 
 
 Episcopal 3 
 
 Catholic 2 
 
 DENOMINATION. 
 
 NO. OF 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 Free Methodist i 
 
 Unitarian i 
 
 Refc)rnie<l Prcs1)3terian i 
 
 Christian — i 
 
 (jernian Reform I 
 
 German Evani^elical - 1 
 
 vSwcdish Christian Mission i 
 
 Hebrew i 
 
 Total 43 
 
 THE FIRE. 
 
 One year ago Soattle passed throiigli a fiery ordeal whieli an 
 ordinary city would never have recovered from. The liusiness dis- 
 trict, covering an area of sixty-four acres, was left in ruins and 
 ])roperty valued upwards of ten millions of dollars were destroyed. 
 Of the fire we quote from the Pod-Intelligencer of June 7, 1889 : 
 
 " The story which is told this morning needs no elaboration. 
 •Our whole business and commercial district, the very heart and 
 center of the city, upwards of fifty blocks of business buildings is 
 this morning a glowing heap of ashes. But a single important 
 business building, the Boston block, is left standing. Every bank, 
 every wdiolesale house, every hotel, every newspaper office and 
 nearly every store has been swei)toutof existence. Pro|)erty which 
 yesterday morning rei)resented upwards of ten millions of dollars 
 has been utterly destroyed. The facts speak for themselves. In the 
 presence of such a calamity it would be useless to multiply phrases. 
 No other American city ever suffered a loss proportionately great. 
 But great as is this calamity there is good fortune in the fiict that it 
 is attended with comparatively little personal distress. The resi- 
 dence district remains practically untoucluid, and even those wliose 
 money losses are terrible are comfortal)ly lioused in their accus- 
 tomed homes. It is another fortunate fact that the heaviest losses 
 will fall u[)on those best able to sup])ort them and to re])lace the 
 l)roi)erty which has been destroyed. On the part of tliose who 
 might be called poor there is scarcely any direct loss, and the indirect 
 losses will not seriously affect them. While Seattle has received a 
 terriljle blow, there is not the slightest danger that it will be a fatal 
 one. Obstacles, as is well known, have heretofore served only to 
 
28 SEA TTLE. 
 
 stimulate our people to new and greater efforts, and the spirit which 
 lias heretofore sustained the city has not deserted her in this hour 
 of calamity. Not one of the business establishments which is home- 
 less this morning will be more than tem])orarily embarrassed by the 
 misfortune that has fallen upon us. While the flames are yet active, 
 and while the embers are still glowing, preparations are making for 
 re-establishing every line and department of our business. Our city 
 will be rebuilt at once, and we have assurance from many sources 
 upon a })lan much more liberal and extensive than formerly. The 
 relationship of trade and commerce between Seattle and the country 
 at large will not be broken, nor even seriously disturbed. 
 
 " We believe that it will be comparatively but a short time un- 
 til the immediate loss which has befallen us will prove to be indi- 
 rectly a great and permanent blessing. From the ruins of Seattle 
 there will spring a new Seattle, just as from the ruins of Chicago 
 there sprang a new and mightier Chicago." 
 
 Of the recovery of Seattle from this great loss and of her im- 
 provement since that time we quote as follows : " In presenting a 
 record of the general work of reconstruction accomplished witliin 
 the district in this city swept by fire on the 6th of last June — one 
 year ago. It should be understood that tliis record is limited to the 
 l)urnt district only. Of the many scores of business buildings and 
 the many hundreds of dwellings built outside of the burnt area in 
 the city at large no reckoning is made. It is proper to say that if 
 the record were^made to include the whole construction in the city 
 of Seattle for the past twelve months the figures would have to be 
 multiplied many times. The fire wi})ed out of existence practically 
 tlie wliole business district of the city. The four main business 
 streets, with their intersecting streets, and the whole city front were 
 swept clean. Not a building remained standing upon the sixty- 
 five blocks which formed the center, the very heart of the city. It 
 is too much, perhaps, to say that this area was swept clean. The 
 debris left by the fire covered the whole area, making a chaos more 
 difficult to reduce to order than if the site had been in its original 
 state of savage wilderness. The work of clearing away the wreck- 
 age was prodigious, alone costing many scores of thousands of dol- 
 lars. At the beginning of the work of restoration there was the 
 most serious embarrassment due to the fact that there were neither 
 railway depots nor docks for the landing of building materials. It 
 was full six weeks before arrangements were perfected whereby 
 brick, stone, iron, timber and the thousand and one materials of 
 construction could be received in any considerable quantities. 
 
 " Only })ersons acquainted with the local situation and the con- 
 fused conditions, in the sense referred to, will understand or appre- 
 ciate this. But before materials could be received the work of 
 
SEATTLE. 2g 
 
 cleariiio; away building sites was well in hand, and iVoiii tlicii until 
 now tliere has been no cessation of construelion work cxceitt that 
 due to shortage of material supply. Tlic ])rices of brick, ce- 
 ment, etc., have been nearly double the ordinary prices during 
 much of the time since the fire, at times it has been difficult to se- 
 cure mechanics of sullicieut number, or having the skill rcMpnsite 
 for particular work. 
 
 "But in s})ite of all eud)arassments th(^ consti'uction lias 
 been something marvelous. Nothing like it has been witnessed on 
 the American continent, except in the singk; instance of Chicago 
 during the time immediately succeeding the great tire of 1871. 
 Within the year lot) Iniildings have been constructed of brick, stone 
 and iron, ranging in lieight from three to eight stories, with a total 
 frontage of upwards of one and one-half miles. Upon the construc- 
 tion of these buildings $4,593,900 has been expended, and when all 
 now well under way are completed their total cost will reach the 
 sum of $6,682,700. Within the same time there have been con- 
 structed in the l)urnt district 335 frame and corrugated iron build- 
 ings at a cost of $1,266,400. There have been constructed 60 
 wharves with a frontage of more than tw^o miles, with coal bunkers, 
 warehouses, etc., with street improvements, etc., at a total cost of 
 $1,287,448. The total number of bricks used in this prodigious 
 work of construction is $69,425,000. The use of stone and iron 
 has been proportionate to the use of brick. Of lumber there has 
 been used a total of 86,310,000 feet. The total cost of all this ma- 
 terial, with the labor of construction, makes a grand total of $7,147,- 
 798. This, it must be noticed, is the sum already expended. At 
 least $3,000,000 more will be re(iuired to complete l)uildings now 
 in process of construction, and upon which work is being diligently 
 pursued. 
 
 It will be seen that within one year there lias been accom- 
 plished within the limits of the l)urnt district a general building 
 construction nearly matcliingthe total loss of tho great fire, includ- 
 ing both the buildings and the merchandise destroyed. 
 
 There is no sort of comparison in point of quality and general 
 character of the buildings distroyed and those which have taken 
 their places. In the stead of low wooden ranges, unsightly, cramped 
 in space, and much exposed to the danger of fire, we have massive 
 blocks of brick, stone and iron, constructed upon the best models of 
 modern architectural science. It is a fact frequently noted that in 
 their general character the new buildings of Seattle sur|)ass the con- 
 struction of any other city on the Pacific Coast. The Butler Block, 
 the Haller building, the Harrisburg building, the Safe Deposit 
 building, the Burke building, the Pioneer building, the building of 
 the Wasliington Territory Investment ronq)any, and many others 
 
30 SEA TTLE. 
 
 which might be named, would be noticed for their size and for the 
 sohdity and beauty of their construction in any city of the United 
 States. 
 
 It should not be inferred that there is any cessation of building- 
 enterprise. Almost daily work of construction is begun on some 
 new building, and it is now evident that the construction of the year 
 to come will very nearly equal if indeed it does not excel the con- 
 struction of the year past. 
 
 Work has commenced on an opera house to cost $250,000. 
 
 In the burnt district since the fire the following streets have 
 been raised to grade, making nearly three miles 0/ road constructed 
 on timber or filled in in that district alone: In Jackson street^ from 
 Sixth to West, 2490 feet; Main, from Fifth to West, 2184; Washing- 
 ton from Third to West, 1560; Yesler Avenue, South Second to 
 West, 1248; South Third, Wasliington to Jackson, 480; South Sec- 
 ond, Yesler Avenue to Jackson, 720 ; Commercial, Yesler to Jack- 
 son, 720 ; West street. Union to Jackson, 8880 ; Columbia, Front to 
 West, 312 ; Cherry street, 312 ; James, 312 ; University, 800. Total, 
 14,524." 
 
 The construction of wharves and warehouses is a just indica- 
 tion of the growth of Seattle and its shi})i)ing since the fire. Seattle 
 now possesses wharves having an aggregate area of 922.950 square 
 feet or 21.11 acres. These wharves have a direct water frontage of 
 4435 feet, 4235 feet of which has been constructed during the past 
 year. There have also been erected 28 warehouses, which with the 
 three not destroyed by fire have a floor area of 158,800 square 
 feet. 
 
 As a natural commercial center Seattle is recognized as having 
 no equal on the Pacific Coast. Its harljor is superior to that of San 
 Francisco and infinitely better than that of Portland. There being- 
 no impediments, vessels of the heaviest draught are able at all times 
 to come directly to the wharves. There is no waiting for high tides 
 in order to pass bar^ or obstructions, or for winds. Consequently 
 vessels are not obliged to lighten or to be towed, thus saving both 
 time and expense. 
 
 The wholesale business of Seattle is but in its infancy notwith- 
 standing the fact that it exceeded $13,000,000 last year despite the 
 interruption from fire. The trade of Seattle merchants extends not 
 only over tlie State, but to Alaska, which most naturally looks to 
 this, the nearest city of importance in the Union, as its base of 
 supply. 
 
 As to tlie possible and profitable field of trade in the near fu- 
 ture more than passing notice should be given that of the Orient, 
 with its millions of population. The trade of China, which is now 
 to a large extent controlled by Great Britain, is estimated at $130,- 
 
^EA TTIJL 3t 
 
 000,000 annually. Trade witii this vast empire was but recently 
 established and it is but fair to i)resunie that within a few years it 
 will double and treble, while to the north of China are other coun- 
 tries with whom trade relations should exist. So soon as the preju- 
 dices are' overcome, as they are being gradually but surely, there 
 will be o})ened to American commei'ce an avenue of trade rivaling 
 that of Great l^ntain, now so envied. As to the question who are 
 to handle this vast trade we quote from Professor Ruffner's rei)ort 
 on Washington, in which he says : " No one nation exclusively, of 
 course. The Dutch and otlier small powers will have a little of it ; 
 but the only contest will be between England and the American Pa- 
 cific Coast. England has the lion's share now, but this great nation 
 will hereafter labor under too many disadvantages in its contest 
 with America. America has the needful capital, material, })luck 
 and energy, and enjoys certain decisive advantages, as, for example : 
 
 " First — In distance, which would of itself decide the matter. 
 
 " Second — In the local production of certain staple articles which 
 will be in great demand, and which England cannot sui)ply so 
 cheaply, such as lumber, meats, flour, canned goods, cheap cottons 
 and agricultural and other machinery ; which, if not cheaper, can 
 be more readily adapted to the wants of the market. 
 
 " Third — In possessing the back country of Eastern America, 
 whereby the entire United States becomes tributary both ways to 
 the Pacific commerce ; to which may be added 
 
 " Fourth — The ever-flowing river in the Pacific ocean, flowing in 
 a circle from Japan to the American coast and back — the famous 
 Kuro Shiwo, or Japanese current — a current which gives a gain to 
 every ship of twenty miles a day in distance ; the current which 
 brings the disabled Japanese junks to the American coast. 
 
 " The half-way point on the Pacific side between America and 
 England is the Malay peninsula. This leaves even Australia and 
 all of Oceanica nearer to us than to England, and all of China, 
 Japan and Sil^eria thousands of miles nearer to us. Hongkong and 
 Canton are the English headquarters in China, and yet our Pacific 
 Coast is 5000 miles nearer to these than England is. It is also 
 6500 miles nearer to Shanghai, which is a more important port than 
 Canton, because of its greater nearness to the rice and tea producing 
 sections. The advantages are still greater in respect to Pekin, Japan, 
 Vladivostook, the terminus of the projected Russian railwa}', and' 
 the entire country drained by the Amoor. Our commerce is now 
 within thirty days of the coast of China, and will be within less 
 than ten days when the last mail and express and passenger steamers 
 are launched. I insert a table of distances, which is full of signifi- 
 cance : 
 
32 
 
 SEA TTLE. 
 
 Seattle to mouth of Amoor river 3,900 miles 
 
 " to Vladivostock 4,700 " 
 
 " to Shanghai 5,75o " 
 
 " to Canton 6,500 " 
 
 " to Singapore 8,100 " 
 
 " to SW. point of Australia 9>55o " 
 
 San Francisco to Vladivostock 5,200 " 
 
 " to Shanghai 6,100 " 
 
 " to Canton 6,800 " 
 
 " to Singapore _ 8,400 " 
 
 " to SW. point of Australia 9.500 " 
 
 " to Calcutta 10,200 " 
 
 Liverpool to mouth of Amoor river i3,55o " 
 
 " to Vladivostock 12,700 " 
 
 " to Shanghai ii,75o " 
 
 " to Canton 10,900 " 
 
 " to vSW. point of Australia-^ 10,750 " 
 
 " to Singapore 9,300 " 
 
 " to Calcutta 8,700 " 
 
 Liverpool and Puget Sound are about equally dis- 
 tant from the west coast of the Malay peninsula. 
 
 New York to Canton via Puget Sound 9,500 " 
 
 " to Shanghai via " " 8,000 " 
 
 "By this it will be seen that New York by way of Puget Sound 
 is 1,400 miles nearer to Canton than Liverpool is, and nearly 4,000 
 miles nearer to Shanghai. It should also be noted that Puget 
 Sound has the advantage of distance over San Francisco."- 
 
 . The present trade with Ja][)an is in a thriving and prosperous 
 condition. The interchange of comoditics is increasing and the 
 future prospects are certainly bright. 
 
 The total amount of local freight received at and forw^arded 
 from Seattle during the year ending June 6, 1890, was 1,178,742 
 tons. Of this amount 48,920 tons was iron. 
 
 The average shipments of freight from Seattle by water, as per 
 Wharf Master's records, is 35,000 tons per month ; the average 
 receipts, 20,000 tons. 
 
34 
 
 SEA TTLE. 
 
 Of the ocean trade the following table shows the ocean vessel 
 entries from January 1st, to June 1st, 1890, and the tons of freight 
 handled by them to and from Seattle proper : • 
 
 OCEAN VESSEL ENTRIES. 
 
 1S90. 
 
 SAII, VES- 
 SELS. 
 
 OCEAN 
 STEAMERS. 
 
 TOTAL. 
 
 TONS OF MDSE. 
 
 TO AND FROM 
 
 SEATTLE. 
 
 TONS. I NO. 
 
 TONS. NO. TONS. REC'D. 
 
 January _ 
 February 
 March-- - 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 Total 
 
 10,962 
 
 6,329 
 
 11,316 ; 18 
 
 12,197 I 21 
 
 15 I 13,3" ' 30 
 
 56 I 54,115 ; 87 
 
 20,466 ! 17 31,428 11,600 1 27,250 
 
 23,271 17 29,600 10,975 27,300 
 
 20,321 30 31.637 11,970 34.600 
 
 22,599 : 34 34,796 15,956 31,600 
 
 29,193145 42,504 13,375; 21,125 
 
 115,860 
 
 143 I 169,965 i 63,876 1 141,875 
 
 It is estimated that there are 100 steam vessels of all classes 
 landing at and departing from Seattle daily. These vessels represent 
 an agregate capacity of 12,000 tons. 
 
 MANUFACTURE. 
 
 It is a well recognized fact; so well recognized as to have 
 become the central principle of all stable and progressive nationali- 
 ties, that manufacturing is the mainstay of progress and prosper- 
 ity. So firmly has this idea become fixed and so universally has 
 the princi})le received recognition, that in nearly every country the 
 practice of protecting manulacturers is a fixed policy. 
 
 And whatever differences may exist as to the protection of home 
 against foreign agricultural products or raw materials, is almost 
 exclusively due to a fear that such protection might lessen or injur- 
 iously interfere with the protection given to manufacturing. 
 
 The production of raw materials is mainly or in large part a 
 work of nature, due to soil, climate and other natural conditions, 
 and to but a limited extent affords employment to human beings. 
 But manufacturing implies labor, skill and ingenuity in every stage 
 of its progress, and whereas great and })rosperous farming sections 
 may be sparcely settled and but slightly tilled a great manufactur- 
 
SEA TTLE. 35 
 
 ino; center must of neeeseity become populous, a swarming liive of 
 industry, cliaracterized by large concentrations of Avealtli, tlu^ most 
 profitabK' market for iiome products, a liberal dis})enser of benefits 
 to tliose engaged in and to tliose dependant upon it, and also to 
 all contiguous })roj)erties and lines of business. 
 
 Iron, coal and timber are the three cliief elements in the con- 
 stitution of great manufacturing centers, and Avdien these are easily 
 accessible to good harbors and convenient waterways, every require- 
 ment is fultilled. But when these advantages are supplemented by 
 practically unlimited waterpower, the combination becomes irresist- 
 ible and it requires no gift of prophecy to foresee a ])rilliant future 
 for the locality thus favored. 
 
 These are the advantages possessed by Seattle beyond compar- 
 ison with any city in the world, and the statistics published else- 
 where show that her advantages have been recognized, and that the 
 enterprises thus far inaugurated have attained to vigorous condi- 
 tions. And the principle acted upon by nearly all civilized gov- 
 ernments, to the enormous betterment of the condition of their peo- 
 ])le, should be taken to heart by the property -holding and busi- 
 ness classes of this city. 
 
 The output of her saw and planing mills foots up two hundred 
 and forty million feet, valued at $2,266,000; her brickyards turned 
 out one hundred and thirty-seven million brick, valued at $1,644,- 
 500; she has iron works worth $810,000, whose output for the year 
 amounted to $617,600; in carriage and wagon manufacture there is 
 $46,200 of capital invested, with an out})ut of $81,000, employing 
 fifty men at an average wage of $;3 per day; shi})building has been 
 active; the plaining mills separate from the lumbering concerns 
 have turned out work to the amount of $1,518,000; in the butcher- 
 ing business $200,000 of capital is employed, with a payroll of 
 $71,175 per annum and an output valued at $1,145,813.60; in roof- 
 ing $77,000 of capital is invested, and their output for the year w^as 
 $208,400; in artificial stone and cement (as yet in its infancy) the 
 output is estimated at $50,000; in sixteen establishments engaged in 
 cigar manufactiire sixty-one men are employed and turnout 4,680,- 
 000 cigars per annum, valued at $187,200 and apa3'-roll of $86,720; 
 in soap manufacture $30,000 ca})ital is invested and the output was 
 $50,000; in tanneries $20,000 capital and $107,000 output; in tent, 
 sail and awning making $5,000 capital and $26,000 output; in har- 
 ness and saddles $30,00 capital and $50,000 output ; in candy facto- 
 ries $(K),000 ca})ital and $68,000 outjait; in furniture (barely begun) 
 $124,000 output; in shingles $216,000 output; bakeries enq^loy 350 
 persons and turn out $3()5,()00 of product; marble works, capital 
 $30,000, outiHit $40,000, employing 20 hands at $3.50 per day; 
 mattresses, $53,000 ca})ital and $126,000 output; box factory 
 
SEA TTLE. 37 
 
 employs 30 men at 1-3.50 per day, and in seven montlis turned out 
 |50,000 worth of work, consuniini;- 700,000 feet of lumber; in broom 
 manufacture $8,000 invested, 14 hands employed, payroll $7,400, 
 outi)ut (),000 dozen, valued at $1S,000; oil clothing, out]Hit $5,000, 
 caj)ital $(),0()0; drugs, output $'20S,000; overalls, capital $2,500. out- 
 put $2,475; crackers, capital $30,000, ])ut])ut $75,000; spices, just 
 started with a capital of $10,000; })icture frames and window 
 shades, out[)ut $54,000; sausage factory, output, four months, 
 $4,800; breweries, output $315,000; brass foundry, outi)ut $7,200. 
 
 A large elevator and grain Avarehouse with ca}>acity of (500,000 
 busliels is now being erected at West Seattle and will be completed 
 in time to handle the wheat crop this fall. It is the intention to 
 do a large export business. 
 
 Seattle, thanks to the energy of her citizens, manufacturers 
 largely, but still enough has not been done in that direction. Now 
 that wheat is to be shipped from this port three or four large flour- 
 ing mills will be needed to grind the Mdieat into flour for consump- 
 tion in Seattle and other cities on the Sound, as well as in Alaska, 
 British Columbia and China. There is a great opportunity for the 
 flouring mill industry in this city. Several tanneries could be estab- 
 lished to advantage here, and it would not hurt to have two or three 
 more salmon canneries. There are hundreds of manufacturins: 
 enterprises that could be entered into here with advantage. It is the 
 leading city on the Sound, and here can be found the greatest ad- 
 vantages for the location of factories, because a splendid home mar- 
 ket is already provided. 
 
 There are some branches of the wholesale trade not yet fully 
 re})resented. \\i? would especially call attention to the excellent 
 opj)ortunities for wholesale dry goods, boot and shoe and paint and 
 oil houses. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 Of all the industries doubtless the one wliich furnishes the 
 most reliable indication of commercial activity is the banking bus- 
 iness. 
 
 The amount of money deposited in the banks of Seattle has 
 increased by $2,235,812 since last May. In Mav, 1889, it was $4,- 
 118,033; on or about June 1, 1890, it was $6,353,845. Notwith- 
 standing all the large amounts of money sent away there is a clean 
 gain of 50 per cent in one year. Enthusiasm may paint in glow- 
 ing colors the growth and bright future of a community ; self-inter- 
 est may hopefully exaggerate the advantages of the present and the 
 promises held out of greater prosperity, but the banks tell a cold- 
 blooded, unimpassioned tale of hard, actual cash, counted dollar by 
 dollar. 
 
SEA TTLE. 
 
 Crowds congregate, men use bad judgment sometimes in build- 
 ing costly edifices, booms stir the blood; but the man who liolds the 
 money bag does not get excited. Tliere is no romance about the 
 statement that the total resources of the banks in the city amount 
 to $8,631,227. If to this be added the Bank of British Columbia, 
 which has a branch establislied in Seattle, the entire capital repre- 
 sented would be 11,631,227, but as no figures can be obtained by 
 which the local business can be determined, it cannot bo included 
 in a definate shape. 
 
 In order to appreciate the financial condition of the city and 
 its marvelous recuperation, but a few comparative tacts need be 
 given. A fire is not like a fina;icial or commercial cataclysm. It 
 comes suddenly and the condition of a city a few days before it 
 'happens — so ftir as the disaster is concerned — may be taken as 
 normal. The end of May, 1889, therefore, is a good time with 
 which to make comparisons. On the day of the anniversary of the 
 fire the business of the city was so far promising that the Bank of 
 Nortli Seattle had just been incorporated and the Washington Nation- 
 al Bank was preparing for business, its date being July 1, 1889. For 
 a few months after the fire several million of dollars poured into the 
 city. The insurance companies prom})tly paid their risks and East- 
 ern capitalists hastened to seek investment. The record of real 
 estate transfers affords only incomplete testimony because a consid- 
 erable portion of the purcliase price was in many cases left unpaid. 
 What was paid was put into buildings by those who sold. The value 
 of buildings erected since June 6th last, is shown by the permits 
 granted to be over $8,000,000. Of this, probably one third is bor- 
 rowed, the remainder being investment of money realized from sales 
 of land. No loan of any magnitude was made at a higher rate than 
 8 per cent., to run for five years, and where buildings are complete 
 they are fully occupied at a rental ranging from 12 to 18 per cent. 
 It is within the mark to say that $500,000 is lying in the banks be- 
 longing to Eastern capitalists, awaiting opportunity for investment. 
 The tempting advancement in real estate values and the demand 
 for houses at high rental has induced many merchants, and almost 
 anybody else, to put at least a portion of their capital into land. 
 It is this which makes the condition of the banks, under the circum- 
 stances, seem so remarkable. 
 
 '. #,. 
 
 
SEA TTLE. 
 
 39 
 
 Tlie folic iwino; eonij^arisoii of the anioiint of deposits at tlie sev- 
 eral banks in May last and on or about Juno, 1st of this year, speaks 
 for itself. 
 
 Puget Sound 
 
 Dexter Horton & Co 
 
 F^irst National — 
 
 Bank of Commerce 
 
 Merchants' National 
 
 Guarantee Loan and Trust- 
 North Seattle 
 
 Washington National 
 
 Boston National 
 
 Washington Savings 
 
 Seattle National Bank 
 
 Bank of British Columbia. - 
 Total 
 
 DEPOSITS. 
 
 % 798,432 
 
 1,885,693 
 
 720,000 
 
 62,000 
 
 539,795 
 112,113 
 
 1890 
 
 DEPOSITS. 
 
 I 4,118,033 
 
 1,099,715 
 2,066,518 
 889,666 
 185,000 
 564,434 
 232,596 
 203,158 
 
 229,977 
 432,828 
 204,006 
 
 245,947 
 *I00,000 
 
 I 6,453,845 
 
 RESOURCES. 
 
 % 1,411,547 
 2,370,170 
 
 1,212,200 
 230,000 
 852,122 
 373,568 
 266,124 
 368,598 
 787,857 
 264,591 
 494,450 
 
 3,000,000 
 
 111,631,227 
 
 *Estimated. 
 
 Not only have five new banks opened within a year but some 
 of the old banks have either enlarged their capital stock or added 
 surplus to their working resources. The new banks are the Bank 
 of North Seattle, AVashington National, Boston National, Washing- 
 ton Savings Bank, Seattle National Bank, and a branch of the Bank 
 of British Columbia. 
 
 The Seattle National Bank has increased its capital from |125,- 
 
 000 to $200,000; its cash reserve from $98,463 to $232,402. 
 
 The Puget Sound National IJank has added to its surplus l)y 
 $20,000 and its undivided profits $20,018. 
 
 Dexter Horton & Co. have added to their surplus by $50,000. 
 Since Mav 1, 1889, Bank of North Seattle has added profits of 
 $11,489. 
 
 The First National Bank has a surplus fund of $50,000 and un- 
 divided profits amounting to $75.70. 
 
SEA TTLE. 41 
 
 ■ 1 — — ■ ■ 
 
 The Washington National Bank reports within its first year a 
 net profit of |9,922. 
 
 The Merchant's' National reported on June 6, 1S89, a sui'plus 
 of |5,000, now it is $20,000; they had then undivided profits 
 amounting to |29,252; on May 17, 1890, they had 145,040. 
 
 The Boston National Bank ()j)ened its doors November 11, 1889. 
 On Mav 17, 1890, its sur[)lus and un(hvided profits amounted to 
 $4,082.^ 
 
 The Washington Savings Bank has increased its sur})lus and 
 undivided profits to $10,584. 
 
 The Guarantee Loan and Trust Companv has increased its 
 capital from $50,000 to $120,000, and its undu-idcd profits have 
 reached $11,217 notwithstanding exceptional expenses. 
 
 The record cannot be paralleled anywhere. Tt must l)e borne 
 in mind that very heavy expenses havS had to be incurred l)y every 
 Bank this year. All the pro})erty of the old Banks was destro^'ed, 
 and business has been conducte<l under the most inconvenient cir- 
 cumstances. 
 
 The clearing house was not establislied in Seattle until Au- 
 gust 26, 1889. At the end of the first week tlie statement showed 
 a total of $610,031; for the third week in May, 1890, it was $1,130,- 
 297, an increase of $520,266. Tlie great amount of fall business and 
 the activity in real estate in November brought the figures up as 
 high as $1,549,504, but with the exception of one or two weeks, 
 when the natural fluctuations of the season's trade are apparent, the 
 gain has been steady. 
 
 Investment is eagerly sought at as low as 7 per cent.; but a 
 considerable business is done by local brokers and syndicate agents, 
 wlio borrowed money in the East at 7 and even 6 per cent., and re- 
 invested it at 9 and 10 per cent. Short loans are placed at 1 per 
 cent, a month. 
 
 Besides the usual real estate mortgages and commercial paper 
 transactions large sums of money have been placed in local enter- 
 prises. Money is waiting to be loaned on the city water bonds at 
 five per cent., the grain elevator has attracted capital, projected cable 
 and electric lines find capital easy to command; new steamers on 
 the Sound, the Great Northern Railroad, and the transcontinental 
 road have brought money into the city which does not enter into 
 any of the compilations made in this article, and the advent of the 
 Union Pacific will set thousands of dollars of foreign capital flowing 
 into the local avenues of trade. 
 
 A subject so prolific of fascinating deductions cannot be 
 enhaustecl within narrow limits, and only sufficient data are given to 
 afford suggestive calculations for business ,men dealing in undorned 
 statements of incontrovertible facts. 
 
^2 
 
 SEA TTLE. 
 
 "In June, 1889, the taxable property of the city was $16,000,- 
 000, now it is |'2(j,000,000. That is a very considerable increase of 
 value within one year. But what is even more significant is that in 
 1889 the total amount of mortgages on real estate was $2,500,000 
 or so, this year we have no more than $3,000,000 or a fraction less, 
 although the additional buildings are probably worth $8,000,000. 
 This is evidence that the large amount of building has been at the 
 expense of property owners and not on borrowed money. Owners 
 of land have sold a portion and used the money to put up struct- 
 ures." 
 
 "This fact alone dissi})ates any fear that there can be serious 
 depression. The foreign capital l)rouglit into the city and of which 
 so much has been said has gone directly into investment and not in 
 the shape of loans. This Ras greatly stimulated business in the 
 city, and if any reaction comes it will be a natural consequence of 
 the ebb and flow of trade, and not due to any run upon property or 
 foreclosure of mortgages. 
 
 "The banking capital of the city has grown from $700,000 
 about June, 1889, to its present proportions of $1,500,000. Depos- 
 its in all the l)anks amounted in 1889 to $3,000,000, now tliey are 
 fully $6,000,000. 
 
 The Seattle C'learing house was established August 26, 1889. 
 The exchanges since that time by months has been as follows: 
 
 August, 1889 - 
 September, " 
 October, " 
 November, " 
 December, " 
 
 I 425,980.86 
 2,463,558.77 
 5,914,843-38 
 4,406,855.61 
 3,368,240.23 
 
 January, 1890-- 
 February, " 
 March, " 
 
 April, " 
 
 May, " 
 
 --1:4,212,522.26 
 — 3,362,850.17 
 -- 4,331,406.34 
 -- 4,734,043.08 
 -- 4,786,286.13 
 
 The increase of business in the Seattle Postoffice will also indi- 
 cate the growth of businesss of the city. The gross receipts from 
 box rents, an<l sales of stamps, envelopes, postal cards and wrappers 
 for the })ast three years was follows: 
 
 July I, 1887, to July I, 188S 126,890.96 
 
 July I, 1888, to July I, 1889 46,962.51 
 
 July I, 18S9, to July I, 1890 -■ 77,828.45 
 
 Capital is proverbially cautious, and where heavy concentra- 
 tions of it are noticeable it is safe to assume that there are assur- 
 
SEA TTLE. 
 
 i3 
 
 allocs that security is good and future ])i"OSi)ect.s |>i()iiiisiii^. 'Hie 
 formation of ()()H incorj)orated companies in Wasliiii^lon within the 
 })ast year, with a ca})ital of $220,012, 21Jo, s})eaks volumes ior the 
 estimation in which tlie State is lield l)y tlie moneyed chisses. Of 
 the ahove amount eighty-live milhon is represented in Seattle cor- 
 porations. 
 
 The United States Land Ollice in Seattle did a greater business 
 in 1889 than any other land office in the country. A niillion and a 
 ([uarter acres were dis})oscd of. The following stateiiujnts show 
 the business done from Januarv 1st to June loth, 1890: 
 
 CHARACTER OF ENTRY. 
 
 NO. ENTRIES 
 
 1532 
 
 731 
 
 i6i6 
 
 lO 
 
 54 
 
 2 
 
 488 
 1080 
 
 AREA 
 EMBRACED. 
 
 Original homesteads 
 
 Final homesteads 
 
 Pre-emption declarator}^ statements __ 
 
 Soldier declaratory statem ents 
 
 Coal land declaratory statements 
 
 Miningf claims 
 
 200, 190.05 
 
 112,637.48 
 
 258,560.00 
 
 1,600.00 
 
 8,640.00 
 
 Timber land final proofs 
 
 Pre-emption cash proofs 
 
 65,117.41 
 
 Commuted homesteads . _ _ 
 
 440 65,492.22 
 14 2,056.54 
 
 Coal cash entries 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 Kof)"! ' S6n /\nR t-> 
 
 
 
 7>t 
 
 Total Acreage on which final proof has l)cen made and final 
 receipts issued therefor, 401,418.07. Total cash, $758,121.02. 
 
 RAILROADS. 
 
 Washington is acquiring a railroad system of great magni- 
 tude and national importance, of which Seattle is being made the 
 principal terminus. Owing to its remoteness from the great centers 
 of population and w'calth, and to the consequent slowness of its 
 earlier development, but little progress was made in railroad build- 
 ing until recent years. In 1870, there were but five miles of rail- 
 road in the State. On the l.st of January, 1890, there were 1717 
 miles, of which 398 were built during the year 1889. It is esti- 
 mated that 800 miles of road will be constructed this year, which 
 will make the mileage January 1st next 2517. 
 
 As in ancient days all roads led to Rome, so at the present 
 time all railroads in the Nortlnvest lead to Seattle. The Seattle, 
 Lake Shore & Eastern, Northern Pacific and Columbia & Puget 
 
SEA TTLE. 45 
 
 Sound roads are tlie tliree now doing regular freiglit and passen- 
 ger business in Seattle. The Great Northern has been granted 
 facilities and will make this its western terminus. Work on this 
 road is being pushed to completion as rapidly as possible. The 
 Union Pacific has also been granted a franchise, will make Seattle 
 its chief Sound terminus and is pushing work on its line from both 
 Portland and Seattle ends. Work on the Fairluiven & Soutliern 
 and on the northern extension of the Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern 
 is progressing rapidly. Botli of these lines will make connection 
 with the Canadian Pacific tliis year, so that within a short time 
 Seattle will have four great transcontinental roads, and very likely 
 five, as it is believed the Southern Pacific will not long remain with- 
 out direct rail communication with this city. 
 
 In the matter of street railways Seattle is without a peer among 
 cities of her size in the Union. Horse power was abolished some 
 years since and more modern, humane and rapid systems substi- 
 tuted. The street car lines of Seattle are cable and electric. Diverg- 
 ing from a common point near the business center, they radiate to 
 all parts of the city. There are now in operation 16 miles of cable 
 and 21| miles of electric roads; in process of construction or under 
 contract : cable, 4 miles ; electric, 24 miles ; steam motor, 4 miles. 
 
 The real estate transfers in Seattle for 1889 amounted to $15,- 
 055,794. The transfers from January 1st to June 1st, 1890, amount 
 to $9,722,033.58. 
 
 Seattle is well supplied with light, both gas and electricity be- 
 ing used. 
 
 Three telegrapli companies are represented here — the Western 
 Union, Pacific Postal, and Puget Sound Cable companies. 
 
 The present indebtedness of Seattle is about |300,000. As- 
 sessed valuation of real estate and personal property, 1889, $16,- 
 016,900; tax rate, 12 mills. Total value of real estate and i)ersonal 
 propertv, $55,000,000. Total tax rate — State, County, City and 
 School for 1889—29 mills. 
 
 \a\ one respect Seattle surpasses all other cities of her class, 
 that is in the matter of newspapers. She has four dailies that 
 would do credit to any city of 100,000 inhabitants. In the order 
 of their age they are the Post- Intelligencer, the Times, the Press and 
 the Journal, the first and last-named being morning and the other 
 two evening papers. The regular daily edition of each is eight 
 pages, while every week several twelve and sixteen page papers are 
 issued, and on special occasions immense papers of twenty to thirty- 
 two pages. Their news service is complete, while mechanically and 
 editorially they are unexcelled. Connected with each of the dailies 
 
4.6 SEATTLE. 
 
 is a mammoth, first-class, clean weekly, and in addition to these are 
 a number of other fine weeklies, including the Budget, illustrated 
 and of twelve pages ; the Observer, illustrated and of twent}^- 
 four pages ; the Sunday Star, the Leader and papers printed in foreign 
 languages. There are also the WasJdngton Churchman and the 
 Washington 3Iagazine of monthly issue and a number of clean pub- 
 lications devoted to hotels, railroads and like interests. The warm- 
 est feelings are entertained by citizens of Seattle towards their 
 newspapers, the patronage bestowed upon them being exceedingly 
 generous and fully deserved. 
 
 The Seattle Chamber of Commerce was incorporated March 3d, 
 1890, with a capital stock of $30,000. Membership limited to 300; 
 each member required to be the owner of one share of stock. Every 
 sliare of stock has been issued and tliere being many applications 
 for admission the advisability of increasing the membershij^ is now 
 being considered The Chamber occupies a very fine building and 
 grounds on tlie corner of Third and Marion streets which it has fitted 
 u}) in elegant style since the first of April, and now has quarters sec- 
 ond to none in the west. The work of the Cliamber is devoted to 
 pul)lic interests of Seattle and vicinity and has been of special serv- 
 ice in securing the extension to and location of railroads in the city. 
 In ofiering inducements for the development of mines and demon- 
 strating the great mineral wealth of our State; by setting apart a 
 room in its building for the display of specimens from each mine de- 
 siring representation; also, procuring at its own expense an assay by 
 the State (Geologist of all ores sent by mine owners. The Cham- 
 ber will also place on exhibition samples of the agricultural, horti- 
 cultura] and timber resources, as well as of the manufactures of this 
 sectioii. 
 
 AVERAGE YIEIvD OF CROPS IN WASHINGTON. 
 
 Wheat 25 bushels per acre. 
 
 Oats 55 " " " 
 
 Barley 27 " " " 
 
 Rye 27 " " " 
 
 Potatoes 125 " " " 
 
 Hops 1700 pounds " " 
 
 RESUME OF SEATTI.E STATISTICS. 
 
 Population, May census 43,467 
 
 Average death rate 7 in every 1,000 
 
 Buildings erected last year 3,465 
 
 Property assessment (1889) 116,078,685 
 
 Property assessment, estimated (1890) $26,000,000 
 
 (Above figures are based on 40 per cent of actual valuation.) 
 
^8 
 
 SEA TTLE. 
 
 Real estate transactions (1889) •ifi5,o55,794 
 
 Real estate transactions (5 months, 1890) $9,722,033 
 
 L,ocal freight tonnage 1,179,000 
 
 Docks, area (acres) 21. 11 
 
 Dock warehouses, area (square feet) 158,800 
 
 "Water frontage, (miles) 6 
 
 Capital invested in manufactures I7, 000,000 
 
 Value of output |i2,ooo,ooo 
 
 Miles of street railway in operation _ 37^ 
 
 Miles of street railway under construction 32 
 
 Lumber output, 1889 (feet) . 170,099,000 
 
 Coal output, 1889 (tons) 450,320 
 
 Brick output, 1889 . - -.. 40,000,000 
 
 Iron industry, value |826,42o 
 
 Salmon canneries, output, 1889 (cases) -25,000 
 
 Wholesale trade, exclusive of lumber _ |i7, 700,000 
 
 Pviblic schools : 11 
 
 State University i 
 
 School children registered 4, 502 
 
 Average attendance 3,102 
 
 Clu;rclies 43 
 
 Membership 8,285 
 
 Highest temperature in ten years 94° above zero 
 
 Lowest temperature in ten years 3° above zero 
 
 '"^^MiJl^J.K.H^^^ 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 } 
 
 017 167 686