GV 1203 For ChlldrGn BARONESS VON PALM Cioipghtl^^ COI>yRrC>IT DEPOSIT RAINY DAY PASTIMES *Raing; Dap ' Pastimes for Children r s^^ I t rt by B aroness -pon Palm . With o\)er 250 Illustrations BOSTON DANA ESTES S COMPANY PUBLISHERS. a' :? 'Z^ Copyright, igio. By Dana Estbs & Company E le ctroiyfied and Printed by THE COLONIAL PRESS C. H. Simands &' Co., Boston, U.S.A. >CLAyfis}»: PREFACE It has been often stated that a child's play, amusements, or games are as real and serious to him as business or work is to the grown up people, and any one who has had oppor- tunity or occasion to watch and study children at their play will certainly agree with this saying. A little girl playing with her doll does not regard it as a plaything, but as a real child and herself a real mother, with all the trials and worries of one. It must therefore be the aim of parents and teachers to direct the child's imagination to such amusements, that will not only in a playful way teach the child something that is useful to him in later life, but what will also tend to sharpen and develop the child's faculties and dexterity. To this end the author has aimed to give in this little book a series of amusements that will teach the child quick- ness of perception and alertness, as well as quickness of decision. In many chapters the author aimed to develop the ideas of color, form and ornament. 8 PREFACE In the chapter on paper cuttino; it is aimed to develop the dexterity of the hand as well as the idea of form and ornament. All of the amusements, with one exception, are devised • for boys and for girls. The author hopes this book will be an aid to parents m occupying the play time of children as well as in the training of them, and also be of especial value to kinder- garten teachers in their school work. Boston, 1910. CONTENTS CHAFTEB PAGE I. Straw Ornaments 11 II. Bead Work 17 III. Paper Mosaic Work 23 IV. Stick and Ring Work 33 V. Embroidery on Paper 43 VI. Stencil, Work 59 VII. Paper Cutting 79 VIII. Paper Weaving . .' 97 IX. Paper Folding 103 X. Games with Blocks ...... 119 Rainy Day Pastimes FIRST CHAPTER STRAW ORNAMENTS This is an easy and very suitable occupation for small children, especially toward Christmas time, as the orna- ments make a nice decoration for Christmas trees. Chains, bracelets and necklaces can also be made. To prepare for the making of these ornaments take coarse damp straw and cut in pieces from one-half to three-quarters inches long, Fig. 4, putting aside all pieces that contain knots as indicated at a, Fig. 3, page 12. Trace the designs on page 12, Fig. 1-2, on thin white or colored card board or stiff paper. Cut out quite a num- ber of these designs. Take a blunt needle and coarse thread, cut the thread according to the size ornament you wish to make. Put a hea\y knot on end of thread, Fig. 5, b, then thread alter- nately a piece of card l)oard and a piece of straw as in Fig. 6, page 12, starting with the card board fii^t. Do not crowd the straws too closely, as they may break. For 11 R^. t Fia Z, a -/ Fiq 3. F134. 12 RAIXY DAY PASTIMES 13 smaller children it will be best to pierce the card board first. On page 14, in Fig. 7, 8, 9, are given some examples of designs that can be made from the combination of pieces of straws and card boards. Many other combinations can be used according to the originality of the teacher. Spangles substituted for the card boards give a more graceful and decorative effect, while confetti, so much in demand at carnival time, gives a variety of colors to choose from. On page 15, a design for a necklace is shown containing a combination of single and double straws. For the necklace two needles and thread are used. Pierce a piece of card board in the centre and pass both needles through the opening, leaving enough thread on the end for tying; next place a straw, then a card board, then a straw, then take a card board, piercing a hole either side of the centre, and pass the needles separately through the perforations, add to each thread a straw, pierce two places in a card board, passing the needles through, add to each thread a straw, and continue by passing both needles through a card board with a single perforation, and so on until the necklace is as large as desired, finishing with a card board on the end and leaving the thread long enough to tie. RAINY DAY PASTIMES 17 SECOND CH.\PTER BEAD WORK For this work ordinary glass beads are used. Take coarse linen thread about 20 to 30 inches long and tie a bead on one end of it as in Fig. 1, page 18. String the beads from the other end by twisting the thread with the fingers to keep it pointed. A separate box with thread and beads should be kept for each child, and large size beads used for the smaller children. Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, page 18, are examples of the various ways in which the beads can be strung. In Figure 2 the small beads should be of a different color than the larger ones, for instance the small beads red and the large beads white. Fig. 3, the small beads yellow and the large beads green. Fig. 4, the large beads blue, the small beads red. Fig. 5, the two large beads together, red, the two small beads together green, and the single large bead white. Figs. 6, 7, two strings are used and both are passed through the H i- H^- H^- IS RAINY DAY PASTIMES 19 single beads. In working the examples out they should also be varied in color. In Fig. 8, both strings are tied to the bead on the end and are then passed crosswise through each following bead as shown at a. Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, on page 20, show the various com- binations in which the beads can be worked. These designs are suitable for bracelets or necklaces. In Fig. 9, after fastening the two strings to the bead marked c, pass one string through the bead marked (/ and the other string through the bead marked e, cross both strings through the bead marked /, then pass one string through the bead marked g and the other string through the bead marked h and continue in the same way as before. In Fig. 10, after fastening both strings to bead marked a, thread one bead on either side of it before passing the strings through the beads marked h and c, and cross both strings through three beads instead of one, as in Fig. 9. In Fig. 11 fasten both strings to the bead marked a, then thread three beads on either string, then cross both strings through another bead, then recross both strings, in another bead, thread again three beads on either string, cross both strings through another bead and continue as before. RAINY DAY PASTIMES 21 Fig. 12, page 20, is a combination of Figs. 9 and 11, and the threading of the strings can easily be followed in the drawing. Fig. 13, page 22, is the front part of a necklace. Four strings are used, and are all fastened to the bead marked a, otherwise the work on this is the same as in Figs. 8, page 18, and 1 1 on page 20. After reaching the beads marked b and c continue with the top row of beads as in Fig. 8, to the required length of the necklace. Fig. 14, page 22, is made in the same way as Fig. 9. Four strings are used and all are fastened to the bead a, and are worked from the centre towards both sides. After reaching the end of the design, continue by threading the three top rows of the design to the required length of the necklace. Then knot the two strings on either side to the last bead. Take another string, preferably colored silk, and thread it through the top row of beads as shown in row marked b and c. This string is used to tie the necklace. RAINY DAY PASTIMES 23 THIRD CHAPTER PAPER MOSAIC WORK This chapter, while really a process of weaving, has been called Mosaic because the result resembles such work. Very small children can do this and it will prove fascinating not only to them, but older children as well, A number of pretty things suitable for permanent use can be manu- factured this way. Care must be taken to cut the slips as equal as possible, and the pasting, which will be described later, must be equally as carefully done, so that the long strips of card- board are not pulled sideways. Take a piece of one-ply white cardboard or stiff paper and divide with pencil lines into a number of one-quarter inch wide strips. With a sharp knife cut along these lines, starting to cut one-half inch or three-quarters inch from the top of the paper as shown in Fig. 1, page 24. Take paper of various colors and after ruling it in one-quarter inch sections cut into strips along the ruled lines as shown in Fig. 2. To distinguish the various colors used, a color schedule is given in Fig. 3. It is a good idea to memorize this color scheme so that no mistakes are made in the making of the mosaics. fi^ 1 fi^,^ fli.i u u »♦' ,.•• ••''. **« ',•• i ^ o • * < -J :?:-: ^ >> '.*'-- «» I— 24 RAINY DAY PASTIMES 25 For easier working purposes, the strips on the white cardboard are numbered in rotation. It is advisable to start with small pieces of cardljoard at first. Fig 4, page 26, contains 7 strips. To make this design start with the card- board cut as in Fig. 4. Take a strip of red paper, lay the end on strij) 1, lift up strip 2, pass the red paper under the strip, over strip 3, under strip 4, over strip 5, under strip 6, and over strip 7, and pull through so that it laps over the edge; then cut the red paper so that it laps a little over the edge of strip 1 as well, fold the two edges over the edge of the cardboard and paste under slip 1 and 7. Fig. 5 shows how the second piece of paper is passed through the cardboard by passing under 1, over 2, under 3, over 4, etc. Cut the two ends close to the edge of the white paper, fold and paste the two remaining ends under 2 and 6. Fig. 6 shows the insertion of the third strip which is cut and pasted as the strip in Fig. 4. Repeat the passing of these slips until within about one-half inch or three- quarters inch of the lower edge of the bottom, then cut a piece of white paper the size of a, b, c, d. Fig. 7, and paste it securely over the loose ends of the white strips. If it is desired not to show any white margin of the design, turn in on the lines a, b, e, f, and paste securely to the back. To make Fig. 11 on page 28, pass the red strip over 1 and under 2 and 3, over 4, under 5 and 6, over 7, under 8 and 9, and over 10, as shown in Fig. 8 and Ht- Hs. fig. 6 /i^.8 1 1 i i f i 7 h 9 iO .HiK-Tinin / ^ / h^ Sii^ 9 ^ii'7. ^z'>)^S6 7B9^^ ^^4' -^0. izd^s^ys9/^ RAIXY DAY PASTIMES 27 secure the ends as described before. To work the second strip, pass under 1, over 2 and 3, under 4, over 5 and 6, under 7, over 8 and 9 and under 10, then cut the ends and paste under strips 2 and 9 as shown in Fig. 9. Fig. 10 shows the way to secure the third strip. Con- tinue with the strips till the design is finished. In Fig. 12, page 28, first pass the red strip over 1, under 2 and 3, over 4, under 5 and 6, over 7, under 8 and 9, and over 10. Pass the second under 1 and 2, over 3, under 4 and 5, over 6, under 7 and 8, over 9, under 10. Paste the ends under 3 and 9. The third line under 1, over 2, under 3 and 4, over 5, under 6 and 7, over 8, and paste under 2 and 8. The fourth strip is a repetition of the first strip and so on. For Fig. 13, which is in two colors, red and yellow, pass red over 1 and 2, then take a yellow strip, pass over 4, cut and secure both ends under strip 4, now continue the red strip under 3, 4 and 5, over 6 and 7, then pass the yellow strip over 9 and cut and paste the ends under the same strip, paste the red strip under 7. Continue the rest of the design by counting the number of white strips to be passed over and under by the colored strips. Fig. 14 is in three colors. Pink, blue and yellow. Take the pink strip, pass over 1, under 2 and 3, over 4, under 5 and 6, over 7, under 8 and 9, over 10 and secure the ends. Lift up strip 3 and pass the yellow over it and paste the ends under it. Lift up strips 5 and 6, pass the blue strip over and paste the ends under. Continue by counting it4 y/. S<^1 ^^ 11 i ^ y ^ 7 i 9 /^ f t^. iS. 1 I J} H S h 7 S 9 iO fi^. /^ / ji b ^ S f> 7 ^ ^ fO '•^-JBQHIIIilinTT 28 RAINY DAY PASTIMES 29 out where the colored parts of each strip appear on the surface. Varied designs for practice with mixed colors are given on page 30 in Figs. 15, 16, 17, 18. It will be easy to follow these d?signs by counting the slip numbers. Re- member in every design, where two or more colors are used, to cut and paste the ends of the slips when that slip is liable to meet another color. In Fig. 15 where the red slip on top will have to pass under 3, it will have to be pasted under 1 and 5, while in the second line it will have to be passed over and pasted under 1 and again under 5, while the yellow strip on the second line will have to be passed over 2, under 3, over 4 and pasted under 2 and 4. The green strip on the third line is passed over 1, under 2, over 3, under 4, over 5 and pasted under 1 and 5. It is a good plan after all the design is made, to turn it over on the table and paste a piece of paper of the same size securely to the back. This will secure the ends and also strengthen it. Fig. 19, page 31, is a design suitable for a table mat. If it is desired to have this or any other design a larger size, cut all the strips in one-half inch sizes, or larger, instead of one-quarter inch, but keep in mind, in making any given design, the same number of strips must be cut of the white cardboard as indicated. Fig. 20 is a small design for a book marker. Fig. 21, page 32, is a border design which can be continued to any length. /•^^•'^ ^ ^ V s hi i 9 w f'f'l ft^y^. y ;? i ^ :>' d Si^ m ««?? ^^^^^ :«<:<:« ^1 ?ii? ^ ^ '.\^ gS!^'^ fu^./^. i >x ^ f 6 y 9 f /a ^ <..- ^ ;5 ^ 7a 7t w m. ^ w m 30 M ^9- i X i> H 5" 6 ? S 9 /^ // n /i /9 /f /i // /g /f io V JtjL L fi^.iO. - mil , lilt .,, 1 .-. II ^ nil ^ II ^ ^ m -4- 1 -11 Hill lllll lllll nil L 1 •v* ^ ^?^ ;2^ ii ^ - mi III! II 111 111 II 31 / t d ^ y 6 / $ f /£> // n /J /it /r /6 // /S /9 ro u 32 RAINY DAY PASTIMES 33 FOURTH CHAPTER STICK AND RING WORK These exercises have been devised with the ultimate ob- ject of leading the children up to the drawing of ornamental designs. It is advised therefore to let the children, after they have become fairly proficient in laying out these designs, draw them on their slates or with pencil and paper. The teacher will find the children very eager to make these drawings. Whether the drawings are made on slate or paper the corresponding squares must be ruled as in the ornament. The best material to use for this work is a fairly strong brass wire, cut in one-half inch, one inch, one and one-half inch and two inch lengths as in Fig. 1, page 34. Any plumber or metal worker will do the cutting at a very small cost. The ring as shown in Fig. 3 is of one inch diameter and can be had at most hardware stores. A number of these rings should be cut in half as shown in Fig. 2. For the actual work take a piece of cardboard and rule in one-half inch squares, with pencil, as shown in Fig. 4, Each child receives one of these boards and a number of sticks and rings. Figs. 5, 6, and 7, page 36, show how the sticks are laid on the ruled squares. These are parallel to each other. Figs. 8 1 U ^■ Mt- o 1 34 RAIXY DAY PASTIMES 35 and 9 show how the sticks are laid in angles to each other. Figs. 10, 11, 12, and 13 are exercises, to show the laying of various different angles. Figs. 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 are designs of an elementary- nature. The designs on page 37, in Figs. 19 to 26, show various objects, 19 a house, 20 a tent, 21 a boat, 22 a pennant, 23 a standard, 24 a tree, 25 a church, and 26 a boat with a sail. After the children have finished each design, have them guess what they have made. On the previous pages all designs have been made with straight sticks. In Figs. 27 to 34, page 38, are designs made from rings and half rings. Have the children lay the sticks and rings carefully in all designs, as the slightest touch or jar will shift the pieces already laid and make it impossible to reproduce the design. In Figs. 35 and 36 and 39, page 39, are given three repeat- ing designs in which sticks of the same size are used. Figs. 37, 38, and 40 are repeating designs, in which sticks of different lengths are used. Figs. 41 to 44, page 40, show repeating designs made from full and half rings. Fig. 45, page 41, is a more elaborate repeating design made from straight sticks. Fig. 46 is a repeating design combining sticks with rings. Fig. 47, page 42, is a centrepiece made from straight sticks. Fig. 48 is straight sticks and rings combined. f^A-^ f. 8. fi-^i'i H ■ '" f^ M-9 f^^-a. f c,.is i'^-di H H W- a. H <6 H n 36 f^^-^t- -G^B^^ 41 RAINY DAY PASTIMES 43 FIFTH CH.APTER EMBROIDERY ON PAPER It is easy to hold the attention of small children with this occupation, boys as well as girls. As the work is done on cardboard and not on canvas, as embroidery usually is, it will teach the children to make the designs more correctly. It is primarily intended to teach the children color effects, correctness of design and neatness of work. Very pretty and useful articles can be made with the cardboard as shown on the following pages. Use very thin cardboard so the child will not have any difficulty in passing the needle through. Ordinary woollen yarn can be used at first and later on silk can be substituted. Very pretty color effects can be had by employing colored cardboard and silks or yarns. To make the designs on page 44 cut pieces of cardboard the same size as Figs. 1, 2, 3. Draw on each cardboard two squares of equal size, and divide each side of each square by making pencil dots one-quarter inch apart as shown in Fig. 1, la, and the cardboards are ready to work. After threading the needle, make a knot, and draw the fU 1 1 ' r ■ ' ]^'' ] i^ : ^^ : !b / ^' • ; / 1 ) 1 1 ' I ' i ' 1 I I ) ) 1 i 1 ' H i >* % » ><<» 3. 44 RAINY DAY PASTIMES 45 needle from the back through the point marked a, so the knot comes on the under side, then draw the needle through the point marked 6. The needle is now on the under side. Bring back again through the point marked e, then go through point marked / and back again through g and so on. The result of this work is shown in Fig. lb. The dotted line shows how the yam runs on the back. Figs. 2, 3 are given as exercises of the same w^ork, showing the crossing and re-crossing of the yam. Cut pieces of cardboard the same size as Figs. 4, 5, page 46, draw on each piece 4 squares of equal sides, and mark each square with dots one-quarter inch apart as described before. In w^orking the design it will be well to make a larger hole at the point where all the stitches come together so the cardboard will not tear from the repeated passing through of the needle. Figs. 6, 7, page 47, are on the same order as the designs on page 46, only a little more complicated. For instance, the yarn is passed through the point h coming up at point c, and again through point h and up again at d, and so on in all four squares. The same method is used in Fig. 7. On page 49 are given a number of ornamental designs. Prepare the cardboard as on the previous pages. Should it be desired to make the designs larger than here given, 48 RAINY DAY PASTIMES place the dots one-htilf iiuli apart instead of one-quarter inch and make the cardl)oard four times as large as the illustration given on this page. Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11, page 49, are simple designs and 12, 13, 14, 15 more complicated. The best mode of procedure is to have the child count the number of dots from stitch to stitch. For instance in Fig. 12, start from dot 1 and go to dot 2 or the third dot from the lower corner, from there go to dot 3, then go on the underside as indicated by the small dotted line through point 4, then point 5 on the underside to point 1, etc. On page 50, Figs. 16 to 23, are given designs of the same order as page 49, for practice work. More complicated designs are next shown in which all stitches employed are made from division point to division point. As all the designs in the pages following this page are made on the same principle, it will be unnecessary to give in the following pages another description of this method. Cut a piece of cardboard the size of Fig. 24, page 51, with a pencil draw a square, dixide each side into spaces one-quarter inch apart, draw pencil lines from side to side, forming small squares as shown in Fig. 24. Put a dot where each line intersects. Fig. 25 shows how these squares are utilized in making the embroidery. This is a design that could be used as a table mat, for which purpose the divisions ought f.^.24. ^ — r ^._^^^__l 4-^-U ^ t - + T r- r r^ -T - i-4 -^4 I -•- 4- I ^ 4- 1 I u4-i^i U-- i_i. .;.._•._, i~i- T" 1 T « -4- i-— ^ 4- I i I _._4 -1 ^ 1.1 r T-^ -i. ^^.^■?. CLTLTL • » ♦ t— f tTUU 61 52 RAINY DAY PASTIMES to be made one-half inch apart and the cardboard cut 4 times as large as in Fig. 24. A more elaborate design for a table mat is shown in Fig. 26, page 53. To make the cardboard in an octagon shape first cut a square the size from a to 6 as shown by the dotted lines, measure from the centre of each side, one inch to either side, as shown at point a, then draw a diagonal line across the comers from point to point and cut away the corners on the diagonal lines. Draw the small squares and dots as in previous designs and follow the lines with yarn or silk. After proceeding in the usual way in Fig. 27, stitch the cardboard to a piece of ribbon about twice its length and the design can be used as a book marker. Fig. 28, page 54, is a design for a picture frame. Cut the cardboard the same size as Fig. 28. Cut out the part marked a either before or after embroidering. Draw the small squares and dots as on page 51, and follow the stitches as given in the design. Fig. 29, page 55, is a design for a small tray. Cut the octagon form in the same manner as described in Fig. 26, page 53, measure the space between the eight sides of the design and cut them out with a sharp penknife. Then pro- ceed to draw the squares and dots as in previous designs and follow the lines of the design with yam or silk, as shown. /6^.^6. Ol- /tg.^r. S3 H.19. 65 56 RAINY DAY PASTIMES After doinj^ this, turn the cardboard over and with a sharp penknife slit very Hghtly, without cutting through, on the dotted lines and bend the sides upward so the embroidered side forms the bottom of the tray. Fasten the sides to- gether with baby ribbon or yarn at the points a, a and b, b. Fig. 30 is a model for a long tray. It is made in the same way as the octagon tray by cutting out the comers, and fastening the sides together at the points, a, b, c. A very pretty tray can be made of this design if a light yellow cardboard is used with a combination of lavender and green wool or silk. Do not forget to slit the four sides on the dotted lines, on the back of the cardboard, as other- wise it will be difficult to bend the sides upward on a straight line without breaking the cardboard. Fig. 31, page 58, is the design for a small square box with a lid. To make this, take a square piece of cardboard, draw the six squares and cut away the superfluous parts. Be care- ful to have the three upper as well as the two lower squares perfectly even. After finishing the embroidery slit the five dotted lines with a sharp knife, on the upper side of the cardboard, then turn the cardboard over and bend the four sides up, so that the empty square forms the bottom and the embroidery is on the outside. Tie the sides together in the three places indicated by black dots and fold down the square marked a, which will form the lid. Tie two small pieces of ribbon one at point b and the other at point c to close the box. fi^.3/ a «■ (y 58 RAINY DAY PASTIMES 59 SIXTH CHAPTER STENCIL WORK Brush and color have a strong fascination for every normal child, and if painting is made easy children will quickly become interested in the work. There is no easier or more suitable work for a child than stencilling, as it re- quires very little skill and training. It must be especially impressed on the children's mind to keep the stencils clean at all times. This not only facil- itates the work but also teaches them neatness. It is well to begin with the easiest designs of one color, and as black gives the shai-pest outlines, it is advisable to use this color at first. Stencil paper can be had at any hardware or paint store or can easily be made at home. To make the stencil paper at home take rather stiff paper, or l)etter. one-ply card- board; mix two parts linseed oil with one part turpentine, and cover the surface of the cardboard on both sides, then hang up 48 hours to dry and the paper is ready for use. 60 RAINY DAY PASTIMES In making colored designs plain water color is used, take the color not too thick and especially not too moist. Have a separate brush for each color. Round brushes with short bristles are the best. In using the color dip the brush well into the pan, then press it against the edge of the pan to remove the super- fluous color, have ready a clean piece of cloth and lightly wipe the brush, and it is ready to apply to the stencil. After putting the stencil in place do not rub the brush across it, but hold the brush in a perpendicular position and go over the cut out parts with a quick up and down motion, slightly pressing the brush against the paper with each motion, while holding the stencil in place with the other hand. After finishing the coloring of the design carefully lift the stencil from the paper so that it does not slide over the wet paint. Wipe the stencil on both sides with a slightly moistened cloth to remove all traces of the paint. To reproduce the designs for stencilling, take a piece of tracing paper, and carefully trace the design with pencil or pen and ink, then cut a strip of stencil paper the required size, lay a carbon paper over it, the carbon side next to the stencil paper, put the tracing you have made on the carbon paper, and transfer the design to the stencil by going over the outlines with a sharp pointed pencil or a blunt needle. After removing the carbon paper cut along the traced lines with a sharp penknife. f t^ /. M ^• figs. H i BLACK. BLUE. GREEN- ■ RED. 1 ; • \ > . ' YELLOW. 61 62 RAINY U.\V PASTIMES The stencils can be cut at any paint shop at very Httle expense if one does not care to go to the trouble of cutting them. In Fig. 4, page 61, is shown the color chart which has been used in the following designs of this chapter. Compare the color chart with every design to be made. It is understood in tracing the designs, only the outlines are to be traced and not the lines indicating the color. Figs. 1, 2, 3 are simple stencil designs, well fitted for practice of getting sharp outlines. These designs should be done over and over again until the children can do the stencilling without smudging and give a clean cut design. ^Vhen this stage is reached they can be given the more elaborate designs. In Figs. 5, 6, 7 are shown more elaborate designs than on the previous page. Proceed in the following manner, if you wish to continue these designs in case it is required to make them longer. After hfting the stencil from the design, carefully wipe it on both sides with a slightly moistened cloth, lay the two stencilled squares marked a over the two stencilled squares marked h, taking care that the two squares fit exactly over each other, then proceed with brush and color as before. To repeat the designs of 6, 7, put the cut out parts of the stencil marked a over the stencilled parts marked b. Figs. 8, 9 are more elaborate designs. To repeat the n^ n^ M7. mm 1 D 1 1 ID mm mm 1 ■ m m m ■ >^(^ ■ tm ■ ■ ■ ■ b (■-3 64 RAIXY DAY PASTIMES des^ns put parts a over parts b as explained on previous page. Fig. 10 on page 66 is a border design of four equal sides. To get an exact square proceed in the following manner. After stencilling one side, lift the stencil, carefully wipe on both sides, then turn the stencil over, in a right angle to the design so that the two stencilled squares marked a are perfectly covered by the two parts marked b. Then take a pencil and outline the two squares a, a on the paper, take up the stencil and cover these two scjuares with the squares marked 6, b, then turn the stencil over and see whether the two squares on each end of the last side fit, if not shift your marks until they do. The designs in Figs. 12, 13, 14, page 67, can be used to make square borders of either equal or unequal sides. To make Fig. 12 equal sides, turn your stencil over after making your first impression and repeat the design, starting at the point d. To make the other three sides proceed as de- scribed on the previous page, using the points marked a, b as corner connections. Should longer sides be required connect at the point marked c with the point marked d and proceed as before. To make Fig. 13 a square border lay the stencil, after making the first impression, at the point a, a over the point marked b, b, taking care not to paint again over the corner part marked c. To make any side longer con- M3. fig. 9. 05 68 RAINY DAY PASTIMES nect at the points c, c with d, tl, then proceed as be- fore. The same appUes to Fig. 14. Figs. 16, 17, 18 are designs that can be used in various ways for making doilies or napkins. In making napkins mix about a teaspoonful of fixative, which can be bought in any art store, to a saucerful of color. This will prevent the color rubbing off if the napkin becomes moistened. To make the four sides of each border proceed as de- scribed on page 64. All the connecting points are plainly marked. Use Dennison crepe paper which can be bought in small sheets suitable for napkins. Figs. 19, 20, page 70, are more elaborate designs for the same purpose. Another elaborate design is showTi in Fig. 21, page 71. To make a square border of Fig. 22, turn the stencil over so that c fits closely on d and proceed as before. Figs. 23, 24 page 72, are two centre pieces which can be put in the centre of any of the Ijorders on the preceding pages. Fig. 25 is a simple border which can be used to teach the children to find for themselves the connecting points, g:i fi^.Zi. j'i^. Z2, fi^.Z6. li 74 RAINY DAY PASTIMES to repeat or to make a square border out of it, and to choose their own colors. The Figs. 26, 27, 28 on page 73, are intended for circular borders for doilies, etc. Proceed in the usual way with the stencil and continue the design by laying the points marked a, a over points marked 6, b and repeat until the full circle is completed. Figs. 29, 30 are designs to be stencilled in the centre of circular borders. Figs. 31, 32, 33, page 76, are centre pieces or can be used for other decorative purposes. Be careful to choose the right colors for each stencil part, as otherwise the designed figures will not be clear. Figs. 34, 35, page 77, are of the same order as the designs on the preceding page. A very nice effect can be had by taking any of the previous border designs and connect it at the points a, b in Fig. 34. In Fig. 36, page 78, is given a larger centre piece that can be used for sofa pillows. In this case, stencil on cloth and put fixative in the color. Be careful to observe the color scheme for this design which is given at the bottom of page 78. /Lg.Z9 fig, 30 tfUE^ ^SJ2^ 75 fii.5Z 7 1 £2 ^ 'mS «5» ja fig- 33. ft , ll ft^.5^. W^^ A^ <«f-^^2^ ^E3©^ Ub5. ';--'/■ ji£.5b. RED, PINK DARK LICHT BROWN, qreen' green ih RAIXY DAY PASTIMES 79 SEVENTH CHAPTER PAPER CUTTING Instructions for Paper Cutting Take a piece of paper of any size and fold as Fig. 1, page 80, on the line o, a, when it will assume the form of Fig. 2. Fold again on the line h, b, Fig. 2, and it assumes form of Fig. 3. Fold again on line c, c, in Fig. 3, and it assumes the form of Fig. 4. After being folded, should the paper show any unequal parts on the outer edge as in Fig. 5, cut away on line d, d, till all the edges are equal as in Fig, 6, and the paper is ready for cutting. Now copy wnth a pencil on the triangle the hea\y lines indicated around the shaded portions of Fig. 7, page 81. It is not necessary to draw the lines the same size as in Fig. 7. They should be drawn in proportion to the size of the paper triangle which you have prepared. So in all other designs, judgment must be used in determining the size of the part to be cut out, in proportion to the designs given in the book. After the child has repeatedly cut out Fig. 7, proceed with Figs. 8, 9 and 10. Figs. 7*, 8*, 9% and 10* show how the cut out will look after the paper is unfolded. 82 RAINY DAY PASTIMES After the child has become proficient in the cutting out of the desijjjns on the last page, it is read}- for the more complicated designs as in Figs. 11, 12, 13, 14, drawing the heavy lines on the triangles and cutting out the shaded portions. All the designs on previous pages were based on straight lines. We now proceed as in Figs. 15, 16, 17, 18, page 84, to curved lines. While the aim of the teacher should be to have the child draw the curves as correctly as possible, it is not es- sential they should be as perfect as the originals, even incor- rect lines will give a design greatly resembling the original. A good plan is for the teacher to draw the lines for the child on the folded triangle, and after the child has become proficient in cutting out the curves, then allow it to draw the lines for itself. Having drawn the curved lines on the prepared triangle, proceed to cut out around the shaded portions, as in the preceding chapters. More elaborate designs on the same lines are given in Figs. 19, 20, 21, 22, page 85. If the designs on this, the preceding and following pages, are cut out of Dennison crepe paper they can be used as square doilies. On page 86 cut out designs in Figs. 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, are given for practice. The cutting out of these designs can be made more entertaining in the following jlA . H^ H- ii- H- ^3 fig. a^ fi§,JZ^ Hit H- i^ M.H^ 83 H-iSs^ n ■ i(>^ f'4- i^- fi^ir. fli.iS^ bi H- ^9> fi§.. 10^ ooo HM^- fii.Zl"^ 85 >so RAIXY DAY PASTIMES 87 way. After all pencil lines have been copied from the originals on the paper to be cut, cut out one of the sections, then carefully unfold the paper and have the child see the result of the first cut, then refold the paper, taking care to fold on the same lines and cut another section, and again see the result. Continue this way until you have the design completed. This enables the child to see the gradual growth of the design. To Cut out Doilies To cut out doilies, fold the paper in the usual way, then cut away the section marked a\ a^, a^, in Fig. 25, page 88, by cutting along the curved line a-, a^, in the same figure. Proceed to cut out the design in Fig. 25 and you have the design 25* which can be used as a doily. Repeat the same with Fig. 26 to make the design 26''. After having cut out the doilies in Figs. 27 and 28, page 89, take a piece of colored tissue paper of the same size, fold in the usual way, cut round the hea^y line a\ a^, in Fig. 27 and paste lighth' under the doily as indicated by the heavy black portion of 27* and 28"^, in this way a two color effect is gained. A good plan would be to lay the doily, before it is opened after cutting, on the folded triangle of tissue paper, and draw the pencil line around the edge of the doily to get the exact size. 88 ^v^ «0 90 RAINY DAY PASTIMES To Make Napkins Fold the paper in the usual way and cut out on the heavy lines in Fig. 29. The paper for napkins should not be less than twelve inches square. Dennison Crepe Paper is the best to use lor napkins. A more elaborate design of a napkin is given in Fig. 30, page 92, 30'' being the finished article. Another napkin design of different character is given on page 93, in Figs. 31, 3P. To Make Lamp-shades The folding has to be done in a different way. Take a piece of Dennison Crepe Paper not less than twenty inches square and fold on the dotted line a, a, in Fig. 32, page 94, and it assumes Fig. 33. Take the two corners e, e, in Fig. 33 and fold on line 6, h, and it assumes Fig. 34. Fold again on c, c, in Fig. 34, and it assumes Fig. 35. Now lift the top layer of the triangle at d, turn over and cut away this double section d^, d^, d^, on the line d\ d^, Fig. 6, from the triangle and the paper is ready for the lamp-shade. To make the lamp-shade Fig. 37*, page 95, cut out the shaded portions marked with heavy lines in Fig. 37, taking care that the space c is large enough, to not only pass the cylinder of the lamp, but to leave a space of about one inch all around it. After opening the paper, paste it together on the lines a, a, b, b, being careful that the corre- sponding parts overlap each other, and the lamp-shade is ready for use. Cut out Fig. 38, page 96, in the usual way ; then take a piece of crepe or tissue paper, colored, the same size as Fig. 38, fold as in Figs. 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, and cut on the heavy Une d, d, e, e, in Fig. 38, then paste it under the four spots marked a in Fig. 38*. Paste together lines 6, 6, and c, c, and you have made a two-colored lamp-shade. fik.ii- 9.S RAINY DAY PASTIMES 97 EIGHTH CHAPTER PAPER WEAVING Although paper weaving is somewhat delicate work, children take to it pretty well. The woven strips make a very fine decoration for Christ- mas trees or can be put up as garlands. Paper of various colors is used for the weaving. Cut the paper about one- half inch wide and any desired length as shown in Fig. 1, page 98. Take a strip and paste another strip on the back of it, as shown in Fig. 2, marked a, so that the lines of the paper run as in Fig. 3 marked a and b. Then lap the paper strip over as in Fig. 3, following the edge of the long strip, then lap it over again as shown in Fig. 4, on the line c, d, and repeat as shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 6 shows how the completed strip looks, the working of which is explained above. A very pretty effect can be had if two of the completed strips made as long as desired are pasted together on both ends as shown at a in Fig. 7. Should the strips of paper be too short for any purpose, paste them together length- wise to the desired size. 100 RAINY DAY PASTIMES To produce Fig. 13 on the following page proceed as fol- lows. Paste a strip of paper on a long strip, at right angles as shown in Fig. 8, page 99, then turn it over diagonally as shown in Fig. 9, turn it over again and pass it back of the long strip at a right angle, turn it over again diagonally following the edge of the long strip as shown in Fig. 11a; turn it over again at right angles and lap it over the front of the long strip as figure 12. By continuing this method the result will be Fig. 13, as shown on the following page. Figs. 14, 15 are more elaborate designs, which are w^orked in the same manner, the dotted lines in both designs showing how the strips are passed back of the long strip. Figs. 16, 17, page 102, are made in a different way from the previous designs. Take the long strip and double it so that both ends hang parallel as shown in Fig. 16. Then take a small strip and paste one end back of the long strip as shown in Fig. 16 at 6. Pass it over the strip marked d and under the strip c, then turn the strip over as shown in Fig. 16 and pass over the strip c and under the strip (1. Continue in this same way to any length desired. To make Fig. 17, double the strip as shown in Fig. 16. Take a smaller strip and pass it back of the half marked 6 and over the half marked c. Double the strip over at right angles to the long strip and pass it under c and over h. Continue this way until the desired length is reached, then paste the end of the strip a over the long strip marked b. n-^1- C b 1 102 RAINY DAY PASTIMES 103 NINTH CHAPTER PAPER FOLDING It may seem in the natural order of this book that this chapter should have preceded the Sixth Chapter on Paper Cutting, as paper folding is employed in the paper cutting, but as the folding in the Sixth Chapter is only of a secondary nature, and of the simplest kind, it has been thought better to have it precede this chapter, in which the work is more delicate and complicated. The folding in the paper cutting is practice for the folding in this chapter. In paper folding use a paper that is white on one side and colored on the other, as this not only gives a double effect but also makes it easier to follow the directions for folding. In all illustrations of the folding, that which represents the white side of the paper has been left white, and the colored side is designated by shaded lines. It is an absolute requirement to strictly follow the folding lines and to make the folds as sharp as possible, as other- wise it will give trouble to copy the given designs. 104 RAINY DAY PASTIMES All the following designs can be folded from the same piece of paper, but shoiikl you wish to keep any form, paste the folded parts over each other. Take a square piece of paper, any size, and lay it on the table with the white side up. With a pencil divide each side in half and draw lines as in Fig. 1, from a to h, h to d, d to c, and c to a. Fold over the triangle a, b, /, so that the point e is exactly in the centre of the square and the colored side of the paper is shown. Proceed by folding the triangle marked a in Fig. 2 in the same way. Fold in the triangle left on either side and the folded paper resembles Fig. 3. To make design in Fig. 4, page 106, fold the paper as in Fig. 3 on the preceding page, then fold the two triangles a and 6 under the square, so that they lay on the back as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 4. For Fig. 5 take the paper as folded in Fig. 4 and fold the two colored flaps on the lines c, d, and e, /, and turn the two small triangles marked a and b under the flap as in- dicated by the dotted lines. To make Fig. 6, page 107, take the paper as folded in Fig. 5 on preceding page, bring over the two flaps from the under side of the square and fold the two triangles on top and bottom, the same as you have done on the two sides, so that the four small triangles a, b, c, d are turned under as indicated by the dotted Unes. Hi » • ^ 1, '^ y\ V /;^, W I \, / ; ^ /^ \ N. ^r > \ r • \^ ^ 7 » \. / : ^^ f 1 ^^ ^r > w 1 >x X ' ^ • / ^:- "/^ ^V y^ 'X Hi / 'v v^ .•'' ^-.n^- # • / / xrauiim iiF!\ • HJfJI T 13^ % /■^ F . \ / ^1 « / ; ^^ f : \ / ^3!j,^ ,ii^S \ % \ A ,, , ii Ij^ / • *^ bi ^ % % • ^ ' \ - %' V, 106 fig. 6. w 107 1U8 RAINY DAY PASTIMES In Fi^. 7 turn the four small triangles marked a, h, c, and d over and fold flat against the four sides, so that the white paper shows. Fig. 8 is folded as in Fig. 3 on page 105, then fold back- ward parallel with the rim of the square, on the line a, d, and 6, c, flap marked A then fold toward the centre on the line b, c. Fold again toward the rim on the line e, f, and turnover the triangle marked e,f, g, so the white sideshows, and the paper will be folded as the dotted triangles between a and d show. Do the same with the other three sides. Fig. 9 is folded as Fig. 8, then fold the four triangles marked 1, 2, 3, 4, over toward the centre, so that the colored sides show. To make Fig. 10, page 110, begin as in Fig. 3 on page 105, then turn the side marked a, c of the flap marked A and fold on the line marked c, b, so that the line b, a lays like the dotted line b, d, under the colored side. Do likewise with the other three sides. To make Fig. 11 take the paper as folded in Fig. 10 and fold the flap on the line a, c, so that the line c, b lays like the dotted line c, d, on the under side of the colored paper. To make Fig. 12, page 111, fold as in Fig. 3 on page 105, then fold on the line c, b, in flap marked A with the white side upwards, do the same with the other three flaps, then fold the half flap marked b, c, d, e, in the same way as the folding was done in Fig. 11 on the preceding page. 112 RAIXY DAY PASTIMES Fig. 13 is folded as in Fig. 3 on page 105, then fold the four flaps oil the line c, b, fold the four corners backward so that the triangle marked b, c, h will be back of the paper as shown by the dotted triangle a, b, c. Then turn the triangle c, f, g over on the line /, g, and repeat the same on the other three sides. The following exercises are especially suitable for very small children, and are given to awaken their imagination. For this purpose it is well to let them guess what the vari- ous objects are after they have folded them. The same piece of paper is used in all the folding. Start by folding the paper as in Fig. 3 on page 105. Then fold over towards the centre the four corners so that the folded paper looks like Fig. 14, the dotted lines indicating the four small squares, that have been folded under the triangles, the four corners of these squares meeting in the centre as shown in Fig. 15 at a, b, c, d; now take the comer marked a of the small square and slide it out between the two tri- angular flaps marked 1 and 2 so that an upright standing triangle will be formed on the lines d, e, a. Now fold the upright standing triangle on the line c, 6, downward as shown in Fig. 16, page 114, and draw out'the other three corners 6, c, d, as shown in Fig. 15 on the previous page and fold in the same way. By folding these triangles at right angles to each other the design in Fig. 17 representing a windmill is produced. All the following figures are made from the windmill H ''^ 113 jiiJi • / / • c yi \ N ' WI- 4 / r / / • / r /■ 1 f / d \ \ 114 RAINY DAY PASTIMES 115 design and therefore the four triangles have been marked a, b, c, d, and this marking has been used in all following designs. Having folded the windmill, leave the triangle d in its position, turn triangle c on the line marked 1, 2, in Fig. 17 on the previous page, leave triangle b in position and turn triangle marked a on line 2, 3, in Fig. 17, fold downward on the line e, f, and you have a double boat as in Fig. 18, page 116, the side view of which is shown in Fig 19. To make Fig. 20 restore the paper to Fig. 18, then fold diagonally downward on the line g, h. Leave the triangles marked b and d in position and turn up the triangles marked a and c and a flower vase is formed. Fig. 21, page 117, represents a single boat with sail. Take the folded paper as in Fig. 20 on the previous page, and fold the triangle marked d back of the triangle marked c as indicated by the dotted lines. Fig. 22, representing a hobby horse, is made by folding the triangle b inward as indicated by the dotted line, bringing down the triangle marked d and folding over the triangle marked c to the right. Fig. 23 represents a bird and is made from the previous folding by folding the triangle d backwards as indicated by the dotted line. 116 fi^M cA\ \ V j.^.zx. RAINY DAY PASTIMES 119 TENTH CHAPTER GAMES WITH BLOCKS The blocks for this work should be cut of wood. Two sizes are used, one is a square one inch high, one inch wide, and from one-quarter to one-half inch thick as shown in Fig. 1, page 120, which is drawn in one-half size. The second block should be formed as Fig. 2, two inches wide, one inch high and the same thickness as the first one. The object of this work is to form various designs out of blocks. But these designs should not be made by building each design separately, but by slowly shift- ing or moving the blocks of one design into different places so that they form another without moving more of the blocks than is absolutely necessary. Another thing which the children should be taught and which gives great value to this work is the judging of distances. As an example take Fig. 11. After the block marked 1 is put in place, the block 2 should be placed by the child so that the lower edge of it forms a straight line RAINY DAY PASTIMES 121 with the upper edge of 1. When block 3 is laid down the child must judge the distance between 1 and 3, as other- wise its upper edge will not be a continuation of the edge of block 2, and it will therefore bring the rest of the design out of the straight line. Figs. 3 to 12 are designs for the practice of laying the blocks correctly. To make Fig. 14, out of Fig. 13, page 122, leave block 1 in its place. Turn the blocks 2 and 3 to the left and right and shove them down to the position of 2 and 3 in Fig. 14, then bring block 4 up to the corners of blocks 2 and 3 in the same figure. To make Fig. 17 from Fig. 16, take block 1 in Fig. 16 and place it under block 4, leaving the other two blocks in position. Then take two other blocks and place in the posi- tion of 2 and 3 in Fig. 17. Try to make Fig. 15 out of 17, and Fig. 19 from Fig. 18. Try to make Fig. 23 out of Fig. 20 and Fig. 24 from Fig. 21, page 123. To make Fig. 23 from Fig. 22, leave the blocks marked 1 and 2 in position, bring block 3 straight up to the height of block 1 and push block 4 up to the height of 1. Bring blocks 5 and 6 up to the edge of blocks 3 and 7 and 8 and down to the edge of 2 and 5. Figs. 25 to 27, page 124, are three repeating designs. With designs of this kind very nice games can be played by the children. 122 124 RAINY DAY PASTIMES 125 Let a child lay the section marked a, the second child section marked 6, the third section marked c, and so on. The child that lays its section so correctly that the blocks of the following section fit exactly in the space left for them receives a point, and the child having the most points at the end of the design wins the game. These designs can be continued to any length. The same game can be played with Figs. 26 and 27. Fig. 27 is especially difficult. ^UG le 19^0 One copy del. to Cat. Div. Ays w •^•^ w LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 020 237 135 8