Sfass— & 13 / Book ^JEl£A£ COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT MOSS'S QUESTIONS. GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS TO ACCOMPANY SMITH'S QUARTO GEOGRAPHY, BT WILLIAM P. MOSS, JR., PRINCIPAL N. Y. WARD SCHOOL NO. TWENTY NEW YORK : CADY «j BURGESS, 60 JOHN STREET. % > Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1851, by WILLIAM P. MOSS, Jr., in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the Southern District of New York. Cc/3/ S. W. BENEDICT. Printer. 16 Spruce-Stryv PREFACE. At the suggestion of several Teachers, we have prepared this little Manual of Map Exercises as a Supplement to Smith's Quarto Geography. These, with the Primary or First Book, make a complete Common-School Series. We have endea- vored to make the book as full as the importance of the sub- ject demands ; yet have been careful to keep from it those little tedious particulars with which works of the kind too frequently abound, and which are altogether foreign to the science of which they purport to treat. C ur suggestions will be few, for every teacher has his own way of imparting instruction, and of course deems his own s best. At the risk, however, of trespassing on forbid- ound, we will recommend (at the request of a kind ) teachers to ask the same questions in different forms, lis means they may determine whether their pupils have learning the ideas, or merely the answers to the questions, e \Yould further recommend weekly reviews, and the fre- quent writing of geographical compositions. New York, January 10, 1851. GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. LESSON L GEOGRAPHY. 1. Geography is a description of the earth's surface. 2. Its divisions are Mathematical, Natural and Political Geography. 3. Mathematical Geography treats of the form and measurement of the earth's surface. 4. Natural Geography treats of the elements of the earth's surface, and of their natural forms and divisions. 5. Political Geography treats of the divisions of the earth's surface as marked by man for the purposes of government. MATHEMATICAL GEOGRAPHY. 1 . The Earth is a sphere or globe, about twenty-five thousand miles in circumference, and eight thousand miles in diameter. 2. It has a revolution, once in twenty-four hours, on its Axis, which produces the change from day to night. It has also an annual revolution around the sun, pro- ducing the change of season. 3. The Axis is an imaginary straight line passing through its centre and terminated both ways by its sur- face. The extremities of the axis are called the Poles; they are distinguished as the North and the South Pole. 1* 6 4. Equidistant from the poles, is the Equator, an imaginary line encircling the earth. 5. Parallel to the equator, are other circles, called Parallels of Latitude. 6. Cutting the Equator and the Parallels of Latitude at right angles, and passing through both Poles, are circles called Meridians. 7. The use of these circles is to measure distances. In every circle there are 360 degrees ; each degree of the Great Circles of the Earth, — i. e., the Equator, and the Meridians, — contains 69 5 statute miles. 8. Latitude is distance north or south from the Equa- tor, measured on a Meridian. " 9. Longitude is distance east or west from the Prime Meridian, measured on the Equator. 10. The Meridian passing through Greenwich, near London, is usually taken as the Prime Meridian ; though sometimes those of Washington and Paris are used for that purpose. 1 1 . The Tropics are Parallels of Latitude 23£ degrees each way from the Equator. The northern one is called the Tropic of Cancer; the southern, the Tropic of Capricorn. 12. The Polar Circles are other Parallels 23k degrees from the Poles. The northern is called the Arctic Circle; the southern, the Antarctic. 13. The Tropics and Polar Circles, it will be seen, di- vide the earth into five Belts or Zones. 14. The division lying between the Tropics, on account of its great heat, is called the Torrid Zone. 15. The divisions lying between the Tropics and the Polar Circles are, on account of the mildness of their cli- mate, called the Temperate Zones. 16. The divisions between the Polar Circles and the Poles are, on account of the intensity of their cold, called Frigid Zones. LESSON II. NATURAL GEOGRAPHY. LAND. 1. The surface of the earth consists of land and water. There are three times more water than land. 2. The principal Natural Divisions of Land, are Islands, Continents, Peninsulas, Capes, and Isthmuses. 3. An Island is a body of land entirely surrounded by water. The largest islands are called Continents. 4. A Peninsula is a body of land nearly surrounded by water. Small Peninsulas are called Capes. The neck of land which prevents a Peninsula from being an Island, and also connects it with the main land, is called an Isthmus. 5. On the Earth's surface are found: Mountains, which are high elevations of land ; Volcanoes, moun- tains emitting flame, smoke, lava, ashes, &c; Deserts, barren tracts of sand, or rock ; and Oases, fertile lands surrounded by deserts, as islands are by water. 6. The principal Natural Divisions of Water are Oceans, Seas, Gulfs or Bays, Archipelagoes, Straits, Lakes, and Rivers. 7. Oceans are the largest divisions of water. 8. Seas are divisions of water smaller than Oceans. Gulfs and Bays are divisions smaller than Seas. Seas thickly interspersed with Islands, are called Archipela- goes. This name is sometimes applied to islands. 9. A narrow passage, connecting two larger bodies of water, is called a Strait. If the Strait is wide, it is called a Channel ; if so shallow that its depth can be measured, a Sound. 10. The expansion of a River is called a Lake. A 8 large body of water entirely surrounded by land, is also called a Lake. The water of some Lakes is fresh ; but of others, salt. Salt Lakes are usually, but improperly, denominated Seas. 1 1 . A River is a long stream of water, flowing through the land, into some larger body of water. Small Rivers are called Brooks, Creeks, and Rivulets. 12. Havens, Harbors, Coves, Friths or Firths, and Inlets, are small bays, or straits, affording more or less security to vessels in time of storm. LESSON III: POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY. GOVERNMENT. 1. There are three distinct forms of Government, viz., Monarchy, Aristocracy, and Democracy. 2. Monarchy is that form of Government in which the power is vested in an hereditary emperor or king. 3. When the power of the ruler is controlled by law, the Government is called a Limited Monarchy. 4. A Government in which the ruler is superior to the law, is called a Despotism, or Absolute Monarchy. 5. Aristocracy is that form of Government in which the power is either exercised by a few individuals collec- tively, or by one or more persons chosen by them for that purpose. 6. Democracy is a Government of the people. A Pure Democracy is a Government in which the people meet in a body, make their own laws, and appoint their rulers. This can only be done in small communities ; in large communities, and where the people are scattered over an extensive district of country, it has been found convenient for the people to elect Representatives, who meet together to make laws and carry on the Govern- ment. This form of Government is called a Represent- ative Democracy. 7. A State is a district of country under an organized Government. The Seat of Government for a State is called the Capital. 8. An Empire is one or more States governed by an emperor. A Kingdom is a State governed by a king. A Republic is a State under a Democratic Government. The Free Cities of Europe, usually styled Republics, are more or less Aristocratic in their form of Government. 9. A County is a subdivision of a State. A Township is a subdivision of a County. A City is a large, incor- porated town, with certain exclusive privileges. A Vil- lage is a small and scattered town. The name Town is frequently given to a large Village. LESSON IV. THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC. 1 . The American Republic consists of several inde- pendent republican States, united under one government, for mutual protection and convenience ; it is hence called a Federal Republic. 2. The States, in their independent capacity, make laws for their own government. The laws are made by the Legislature, or body of Representatives j and are administered by the Governor. But matters of general interest, appertaining to the welfare of the whole, are confided by the States to the General Government. Hence the United States Government controls foreign commerce, coins money, establishes mails, declares war, and makes peace. 3. There are three distinct branches of Government in the American Republic, viz : Legislative, the power 10 moss's questions. which makes laws ; Executive, the power which admin- isters laws ; and Judicial, the power which judges their validity, and decides disputes between individuals or States. 4. The Legislative power is vested in Congress, which consists of a Senate and a House of Representatives. 5. Each State Legislature sends two Senators to Con- gress ; the Senate, therefore, represents the State Govern- ments. The Senators are chosen for a term of six years. 6. The States are divided into Congressional Dis- tricts, so as to have about 70,680 inhabitants to each district. The voters of each of these districts elect a person to represent them for two years in Congress. All the Representatives combined constitute the House of Representatives . 7. The Executive power is vested in a President, who, together with the Vice President, is chosen by the Colleges of Electors of the different States, for a term of four years. 8. The Colleges of Electors are either chosen by the people of the several States, or appointed by their Legis- latures, as the State law may direct. Each State is enti- tled to as many Electors as it has Senators and Repre- sentatives in Congress. 9. The Vice President presides over the Senate, and in case of a tie, has the casting vote. This makes him a Legislative officer. If the Presidency becomes vacant by death or other cause, the Vice President succeeds to the office. 10. The Veto Power, which is Legislative, reposes in the hands of the President. 11. The Senate is also partially Executive in its power ; for the President can appoint no one to office, nor make treaties, except " by and with the advice and consent of the Senate." 12. The Judicial power is vested in "one Supreme Court, and in such Inferior Courts as Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." The Judges, both of moss's questions. 11 the Supreme and Inferior Courts, are appointed by the President, " by and with the advice and consent of the Senate," and hold office during good behavior. LESSON V. MAP OF THE WORLD. DIVISIONS OF LAND. How many grand divisions of land are there 1 Ans. Six ; North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceanica. Name them in the order of their size, com- mencing with the largest. What continent do North and South America form ? Europe, Asia, and Africa ? What natural division is South America'? Africa? How is South America connected with the main land ? Africa 1 Bound North America. South America. Europe. Asia. Africa. Of what does Oceanica consist, and where does it lie ? What is said, on the margin, of South America % Of Oceanica ? Of Europe ! Of Africa 1 Of Asia ? Of the Earth's surface 1 &c. ISLANDS. Name the largest island in the world. The next in size. By what other names are they known 1 What large island, or continent, southeast of Asia 1 What five islands directly north of it 1 What one south 1 What, off the east coast of Africa ? What cluster between North and South America ? What island east of Green- land ? What one at the mouth of the St. Lawrence river? What at the mouth of the Amazon % What two west of Europe? What two in the Pacific, near latitude 40° south 1 To what nation do they belong 1 What large body of land near the south pole ? What is said of it on the map ? What important cluster of islands in the Pa 12 cific, in latitude 20° north ? How many square miles do they contain, and what is their population ? What other groups in the Pacific ? What islands in the Arctic ocean, north of Europe ? What is the name of the largest of the Japan Islands ? Where is Terra del Fuego ? Mel- ville Island ? Bermudas ? To what nation do they be- long ? Falklands ? St. Helena? Bourbon? Formosa'? Cape Verde ? By what distinctive names are divisions of Oceanica known ? LESSON VI. MAP OF THE WORLD. DIVISIONS OF WATER. — OCEANS, How many oceans are there ? Name them in the order of their size. What one around the north pole 1 Around the south pole ? Between Asia and America? Between America, and Europe and Africa ? South of Asia ? How wide is the Pacific ? The Atlantic? The Indian ? By what other name is the Arctic frequently called? Ans< The Northern ocean. By what other name is the South- ern sometimes called I Ans. The Antarctic ocean. SEAS, BAYS, GULFS, ETC. What sea between Europe and Africa ? Between Africa and Asia? Between North and South America? What sea, bay, and gulf, south of Asia ? What sea and gulf southeast of Asia ? What six seas east of Asia ? What gulf north of Asia ? What two salt lakes or seas in the western part of Asia? What sea southeast of Europe ? What gulf south ? What bay, channel, and sea west ? What two seas north? What gulf west of Africa? What, south of North America ? What two bays north- east of North America ? What gulf and sea north of Australia ? 13 STRAITS, ETC. How is the Arctic connected with the Pacific ? Baffin's Bay with the Atlantic % Hudson's Bay with the Atlan- tic ? The Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic % The North Sea with the Atlantic on the south ? The Red Sea with the Indian Ocean ! What Strait between Sumatra and Asia, and what waters does it connect ? Where is the Strait of Sunda, and what waters does it connect ? Torres 1 Belleisle ? Cook's ? Magellan ? Where is the Aluetian Archipelago 1 Central ? Anson's ? Sol- omon's ! Ethiopian ? Magellan's ? LAKES AND RIVERS. Where is Lake Superior ? Slave Lake ? Lake Tchad 1 Lake Baikal % Where is McKenzie's river, and into what larger body of water does it flow ? Columbia ? St. Law- rence ? Mississippi ? Missouri *? Orinoco 1 Amazon ? Madeira"? Tapajos ? Tocantins? Francisco'? Para- na? Rio de la Plata? Dnieper'? Don? Volga? Senegal? Niger? Congo? Nile? Orange? Obi? Irtysh? Yenesei? Lena? Ural? Indus? Ganges? Cambodia ? Yangtse ? Hoang Ho ? Amoor ? LESSON VII. MAP OF THE WORLD. GREAT AND SMALL CIRCLES, ZONES, ETC. What great circle divides the earth into two equal parts, called the Northern and Southern Hemispheres ? What are those small circles called, which pass around the earth parallel to the Equator ? Why do they not appear parallel on the map ? What is Latitude ? For what are the Parallels used ? What is the Axis of the Earth? What are its extremities called? What are 2 14 moss's questions. those great circles called which pass through the Poles and cut the Equator at right angles ? For what are they used % What is Longitude % What do you understand hy the Prime Meridian ? What Prime Meridian is gene- rally used % What others are sometimes used % In what is distance measured on the maps % How many miles in a degree ? How many degrees in a circle ? How many degrees from the Equator to the Poles ? How many miles % What part of a circle is the distance 1 What is the highest latitude I Suppose you were in latitude 89° north, and should continue to travel on in a right line for two degrees, in what latitude would you then be ? On what is latitude reckoned % On what is longitude ? If longitude is distance east or west from the prime meridian, what is the greatest longitude a place can have % What group of islands on this meridian, about 18 c south ? Is any part of Asia in west longitude ? Is America in east or west longitude 1 Central Archipelago % Sandwich Islands % Are the Washington Islands in north or south latitude % Christmas, and America ? What is the lati- tude of the Azores % What is the longitude ? Of Terra del Fuego % Isthmus of Darien ? Joannes Island ? What point on the globe has neither latitude nor latitude % ZONES. What are Zones 1 How many zones are there ? Where is the North Frigid Zone % South Frigid ? North Tem- perate"? South Temperate'? Torrid'? In what zone is the greater part of South America and Africa ? North America, Europe, and Asia % Australia 1 ? Madagascar"? Antartic continent % Greenland % In what zone are the United States 1 Great Britain % Borneo ? Patagonia % Spitzbergen % Victoria Land % What is the width of the Torrid Zone ! The North Temperate Zone ? The South Temperate Zone % The North Frigid Zone % The South Frigid Zone'? Which zone has always contained the most civilized and powerful nations % How do you ac- count for this % 15 TRAVELS. Through what waters and near what islands and capes you pass and what course wuld you take in a voyage from New York to Canton ? Chagres to New York % Constantinople to New York ? Charleston to Copenha- gen ? New Orleans to Odessa ! Quebec to Stockholm % St. Petersburg to Calcutta ? London to Cape Town 1 London to Mecca % Bombay to London ? Panama to London % Dublin to Hobart Town % Liverpool to New Orleans % Liverpool to Columbia river ? Buenos Ayres to Liverpool ? Philadelphia to Manilla 1 Paris to Ba- tavia % Batavia to Lisbon ? Jeddo to Havana ? From San Francisco to New York % From London to Calcutta ? From Constantinople to St. Petersburg t From Stockholm to Valparaiso ? From Sandwich Islands to Van Dieman's Land? Note. — Let the teacher multiply questions like the fore- going ; they are of great value in testing a pupil's knowl- edge of Geography. LESSON VIII. MAP OF NORTH AMERICA. Bound North America. How is it divided 1 What divi- sion in the Northwest ? Northeast % North ? Middle % Southwest? South'? RUSSIAN POSSESSIONS. Land. — Bound the Russian Possessions. What capes in the north % In the west 1 Where is Mount St. Elias I 16 moss's questions. How high is it ? Where is Mount Fair weather ? What peninsula in the southwest % What islands off the southern coast? What settlement on one of them ? What is the character of the country ? By what races is it inhabited ? What Indians in the north ? How large a population has it ? What is said of the interior ? What is the chief occupation of the inhabitants ? Water. — What ocean on the north ? West and south ? What strait on the west ? How wide is it ? What waters does it connect, and countries separate ? What sound and bay on the west ? What inlet, bay, and harbor on the south % BRITISH AMERICA. Land. — Bound British America. In what zones does it lie % How is it divided ? What English company ex- ercises sovereignty over the greater portion of British America ? Arts. The Hudson's Bay Company. What is the object of the company ? Am. To purchase furs of the Indians. Peninsulas and Capes. — What peninsula in the east ? Southeast ? Northeast? Where is Cape Bathurst ? St. Lewis? Walstonholm? Churchill? Turnagain ? Whit- tle? Kings? Walsingham? May? Sable? Hector? Mountains. — What mountains in the west ? What is their direction ? What is their length and height? Islands. — What island opposite the mouth of the St. Lawrence ? What three in the Gulf of St. Lawrence ? What one in Hudson's Bay ? Between Hudson's and Baffin's ? What islands in the Pacific ocean? Inhabitants, &c. — What Indians in British America? For what is Labrador celebrated in History ? Ans. As being the first part of the American continent discovered. Cities, &c. — (See also the map of the United States). What is the capital of Canada ? What towns on Lake Ontario ? On the peninsula between the lakes ? On the St. Lawrence river ? What one on the Ottowa ? What is the capital of New Brunswick ? What other towns 17 in this province ? What is the capital of Nova Scotia ? Where is Louisburg? What is the capital of New- foundland ? LESSON IX. MAP OF NORTH AMERICA. BRITISH AMERICA. Water.— What ocean on the north of British Amer- ica 1 East ? West ? What two seas on the north ? What large bay in British America ? Where is James Bay? Mosquito'? Wager? South? Baffin's? Fundy? Chesterfield Inlet ? Bathhurst ? Gulf of Georgia ? St. Lawrence ? Richmond ? Lakes and Rivers. — What lakes on the southern boundary ? Where is Slave Lake ? Great Bear Lake ? Athabasca ? Wollaston ? Deer ? Winnepeg ? Cama- puscaw ? Mistissinny ? Where is the St. Lawrence river, where does it rise, what course does it take, and where does it empty ? McKenzies ? Columbia ? Al- bany ? Saskatchewan ? Nelson ? Churchill ? Otta- wa ? Frazers ? Coppermine ? Koksah ? How long is Hudson's Bay ? Gulf of St. Lawrence ? River St. Lawrence ? McKenzies ? Saskatchawan ? Nelson ? Sounds, Straits, &c. — What sound connects Baffin's Bay with the Arctic Ocean? Where is Queen Char- lotte's Sound, and what waters does it connect ? Noot- ka ? Lancasters ? Where is Cumberland Strait and what waters does it connect ? Belle Tsle ? Frobishers ? Da- vis ? Claasets ? Hudsons ? What bank off New Found- land, and what trade is carried on there ? GREENLAND. Greenland is supposed to have been discovered about the year 900 ; or nearly 600 years before the first voyage of Columbus. 2* 18 moss's questions. Land. — Bound Greenland. What natural division is Greenland % To whom does it belong ? What Island east of it ? To what nation does it belong ? For what is it noted 1 What cape at its northern extremity ? What cape at the southern extremity of Greenland? Where is the island of Disco ? What highlands in the north of Greenland ? On which coast are the settlements'? Name them. What is the population of Greenland? By what races is it inhabited ? Water. — What water on the east ? South ? West ? Where is Scoreby's Sound % Smiths % How far is Green- land from New York % LESSON X. MAP OF NORTH AMERICA. UNITED STATES. Land. — Bound the United States. What parallel of latitude forms part of its northern boundary % Peninsulas, Capes, and Islands. — What peninsula on the Southeast ? What other peninsulas on the Atlantic coast? What capes on the Atlantic ? On the Pacific? What island on the northeast ? What cluster of islands east ? To what nation do they belong ? How many mites east of Savannah are they ? Mountains, &c. — Where are the Alleghany Moun- tains ? In what direction do they lie, and how long and high are they? Rocky Mountains? Cordilleras? What desert in the interior ? What is the capital ? Name a few of the chief towns. Water — Bays, &c. — What bays on the Atlantic coast ? On the Pacific ? What gulf and bays on the south ? What chain of lakes on the north ? What one of this chain wholly within the United States ? What lake in the west ? moss's questions. 19 Rivers. — What river forms the boundary on the north- east ? What large river drains the whole central part of the United States ? How long is it ? Where does it rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty ? What large branch has it on the east ? What branches on the west ? How long are these branches ? Where does the Rio Grande rise, what course does it take, and where does it empty? Colorado of the West ? Colum- bia ? How long are these rivers ? Where is the Gulf Stream ? MEXICO. Land. — Bound Mexico. What peninsula in the west? In the southeast ? What capes on the Pacific coast % What noted isthmus in the south, over which it has been pro- posed to build a canal 1 Ans. Tehuantepec. What moun- tains intersect Mexico 1 What Indians in the north ? What metals are found in Mexico? Ans. Gold and sil- ver. Cities, &c. — What is the capital, and how is it situ- ated ? What towns on the west coast ? On the Gulf of Mexico 1 On the Rio Grande river ? What towns inland ? What towns in Yucatan ? Water. — What gulf and bay on the east? What ocean on the south and west ? What gulf on the west ? What rivers empty into the Pacific ? Gulf of California? How long is the Gulf of Mexico ? California ? GUATIMALA, OR CENTRAL AMERICA. This country, formerly a federal republic, consists of several independent States. Three of these States, San Salvador, Nicaragua, and Honduras, are about uniting under one general government. Land. — Bound Guatimala. What Mexican state north ? What British territory on the northeast ? What town does it contain ? What cape east of Guatimala ? What isthmus . on the southeast ? What mountains extend through Guatimala ? What towns on the Pacific coast ? On the Caribbean ? 20 moss's questions. Water. — What bay northeast? Sea east? Ocean south and west 1 What lake in the southeast 1 How is it connected with the Caribbean sea % [By recent surveys it has been found that a canal of twelve miles will unite the Lake with the Pacific] WEST INDIES. How are the West Indies situated % Name four of the largest islands ! To what nations do they belong % What is the name of the more eastern cluster ? What cluster north of Cuba 1 To what nation does it belong % For what is one of the islands (Cat) noted ? Through what waters and near what islands and capes would you pass and what course would you take in a voyage from Hudson's Bay to Kingston, Ja.? Montreal to Vera Cruz ? Halifax to Mobile 1 Portland to Pensa- cola ? Boston to New Orleans ? Havana to Norfolk ? New York to Natchez % San Francisco to Philadelphia ? Vancouver's Island to Savannah ? New York to Galves- ton % James' Bay to Panama % Lake Superior to Atlan- tic Ocean % From Havana to New Orleans % Boston to Vera Cruz ? St. Louis to Quebec % Halifax to Port au Prince ! St. Salvador to San Francisco % From Galves- ton to Portland % LESSON XL MAP OF THE UNITED STATES. EASTERN STATES. Land. — How many Eastern States are there ? By what other name are they sometimes called ? Bound them col- lectively. Wnat are their names ) Name them in the 21 order of their size. In the order of their population. Which of the states border on the Atlantic ? Which of them has the most seacoast ? Which the least ? What mountains in the Eastern States ? What capes on the seacoast ? What peninsula % What islands ? Name the capitals of the New England States. Name the largest and most commercial city. What is its population ? Water.— What ocean on the south 1 What sound? What bays on the coast ? What lake on the northwest ? Name the principal rivers. Between what two rivers do the Eastern States chiefly lie ? MIDDLE STATES. Land. — Name the five Middle States. Bound them collectively. Name them in the order of their size. In the order of their population. What are the capitals? Name the two largest cities. What is their population ? What island on the coast ? What capes ? What penin- sulas % What mountains in the interior? What State is inland ? Which States border on the Atlantic ? What District in the Middle States ? What city in it ? Water. — What ocean on the east? WTiat bays? What lakes on the north ? Name the principal rivers. How far from Maryland to Portugal ? SOUTHERN STATES. Land. — Name in order the States bordering on the At- lantic. On the Gulf of Mexico. How many in all? Bound the Southern States collectively. Name them in the order of their size. In the order of their popula- tion. What mountains in the Southern States ? How long and high are they ? What capes on the coast ? What peninsula ? What small islands south of Florida ? What is the largest and most important town in the Southern States ? What town in Florida is the oldest in the United States ? Ans. St. Augustine. What Indians in Texas ? Water. — What ocean on the east? Gulf on the 22 moss's questions. south'? What two sounds on the Atlantic? What small gulfs and bays on the south ? What lakes on the southern coast % Name the principal rivers. Between what two rivers do the Southern States lie 1 WESTERN STATES. Land. — Which of the Western States lie east of the Mississippi and north of the Ohio river ? South of the Ohio % West of the Mississippi ? What one on the Pa- cific ? Name them in the order of their size. In the order of their population. How many of these States are inland % Name the two principal cities of the West- ern States. Which State consists of two peninsulas? Water. — On what great river do nine of the Western States chiefly depend for their commercial intercourse % In what lake does it rise 1 What is its principal branch on the east? Name the chief branches of the Ohio. What large rivers are tributary to the Mississippi on the west ? To what place and for how many miles is the Mississippi navigable for steamboats % LESSON XIL TERRITORIES. The extensive districts of country called Territories are divided into two general classes ; Organized and Un- organized. Minnesota, New Mexico, Utah, and Ore- gon are organized, having regular territorial govern- ments. Nebraska and Indian are unorganized. Nebraska is inhabited by wild Indian tribes, who are kept in partial subjection by the U. S. troops stationed among them. Indian Territory is inhabited by tribes who have been removed from their lands east of the Mississippi river. moss's questions. 23 Each tribe has a government of its own; but all are under the general supervision of the United States. MAP OF THE UNITED STATES. Land. — Bound Minnesota. What State on the east 1 . On the south 1 Territory on the west 1 Country on the north 1 What Indians in Minnesota ? Cities, &c. — What is the capital, and how situated 1 What town on the St. Croix river 1 What town on the Red river ? Where is Fort Snelling 1 Water — Rivers and Lakes. — What river on the west % North-west % South-east ? How long is it 1 What large branch has the Mississippi in this territory 1 What branch on the south-east % What expansion of water has it 1 What expansion below its confluence with the Mississippi 1 Where does Red River rise, what course does it fake, and where does it empty % Sioux % James ? St. Peters ? White Earth ? St. Louis ? Missis- sippi % What lake on the north-east ? What two on the north % What three flow into the Mississippi ? Into the Red River 1 What one into the Des Moines ? Into the St. Peters 1 Where are the Falls of St. An-, thony? NEBRASKA. Land. — Bound Nebraska. Name the principal tribes of Indians. What mountains on the west ? What hills near the centre % What desert in the south ? What peaks % How high are they 1 How long and high are the Rocky Mountains 1 Where is Fort Leavenworth % Council Bluffs ? What island in the Platte % Water — Rivers. — What river on the east % How far is it navigable for steamboats % What branches has it on the north ? On the south % On the west ? Do any of the waters of Nebraska flow into the Pacific ? Where are Hot Springs found % Where are Great Falls * What large river forms part of the Southern boundary ? Where does the Missouri rise, what courses does it take, and 24 where does it empty ? Yellow Stone % Grand ? Platte ? Kansas ? Arkansas ? How long are these rivers ? LESSON XIII. MAP OF THE UNITED STATES. INDIAN TERRITORY. Land. — What territory on the north ? Two States on the east ? What one on the south and west % What Indians are settled in the territory ? Water. — What river on the north ? On the south ? In the centre'? What branches has it? How long is Red River % Land. — Bound Oregon ? What mountains in the west ? In the east ? In the centre ? What peak in the Cascade range, near the Columbia? How high is it? Where are the Three Butes, and the Three Tetons? Where is Mount Ranier ? Mount Olympus ? What towns in Oregon ? What is the capital ? How is it situated ? What forts in the territory, and how are they situated ? What capes on the coast ? Where is Wapatoo Island ? What Indians in Oregon ? Water. — What ocean on the west? What large river in Oregon? Name its two principal branches. What important branch from the south ? What bay on the coast ? What sound on the north-west ? Where does Clark's river rise, what course does it take, and where does it empty ? Lewis ? Columbia ? Green ? Willammette ? Tlamath ? UTAH. Land. — Bound Utah ? What mountains in this terri- tory ? What settlement on the small river which con- nects Utah lake with the Great Salt lake ? moss's questions. 25 Water. — What rivers in Utah ? What large one empties into the Great Salt lake ? What lakes in Utah ? NEW MEXICO. Land. — Bound New Mexico. What mountains does it contain % What is its capital ? What other towns on the Rio Grande ? Water. — What is the principal river of New Mexico? Where does it rise, what course does it take, and where does it empty 1 How long is it ? What large branch has it ? What other rivers in New Mexico % travels. In going from New Orleans to Pittsburg, on what waters would you sail, and what cities would you pass ? From St. Paul to New Orleans ? Milwaukie to Quebec'? What courses would you take., and through what waters and near what islands and capes would you pass in a voyage from Portsmouth to Tampa Bay ? Boston to Baltimore ? Metamoras to Boston ? Newport to Pen- sacola % Poughkeepsie to Washington ? Oswego to Chicago ?. Isle Royale to Buffalo ? Buffalo to New York ? New York to Cincinnati 1 Washington to St, Louis ? Charleston to New Orleans ? Mobile to Savan- nah ? Galveston to Eastport % Salem to Norfolk % C, Flattery to Monterey % Astoria to San Francisco ? Proceed due West from the following places, and name all the States and Territories through which you pass ? all the Lakes and Rivers which you cross, and the most important cities on your route. Boston. New York, Eastport. Cape Fear. Savannah. St. Augustine, Cape Charles. 26 moss's questions. LESSON XIV. MAP NO. 1, UNITED STATES. Land. — Bound Maine. What is its population % What peaks in Maine ? How high is Mount Katahdin % What capes on the coast ? What islands ? Between Maine and what island does the United States boundary pass ? To whom then does the island belong I Cities, &c. — What is the capital of Maine, and how is it situated ? How is Portland situated ? Bangor ? Brunswick? Bath? Thomaston? Belfast? Hallo- well ? Calais ? Eastport ? Gardiner ? Saco ? Which of the above towns have 5,000 or more inhabitants ? Which is the most eastern city in the Union ? Which is the largest city in Maine ? How many counties in Maine ? Water. — What ocean on the south ? Name the bay?, commencing with the most easterly one. Rivers — Lakes. — What river on the north-east boun- dary ? On the south-east ? South-west ? Which is the largest river in Maine ? Where does the St, Croix river rise, what course does it take, and where does it empty ! Penobscot ? St. Johns ? Kennebec ? Androscoggin ? Saco ? How long are each of these rivers ? To what {)lace is the Penobscot navigable ? Kennebec ? What ake, or pond, in the south-west ? What two lakes in I the north-west ? In what lake does the Kennebec rise ? ! How long is it ? Where is lake Chesuncook ? Pema- dumcook ? Millinoket ? Grand ? What lakes in the north ? In the south-east ? NEW HAMPSHIRE. Land. — Bound New Hampshire. What is its popula- tion ? What mountains in the north ? Name the highest 27 peak. What is its height ? Measure by the scale of miles the extent of the sea-coast of New Hampshire. Cities, &c. — What is the capital of this State, and how is it situated ? How is Dover situated ? Nashua ? Gilmanton ? Manchester % Portsmouth % Which of the above towns have 3000 or more inhabitants ? Which is the largest city in the State ? Which is the only sea- port ? How many counties in New Hampshire ? Water. — What water on the south-east ? Rivers — Lakes. — What river on the western boun- dary ? What branch has it ? What river in the centre of the State % What on the eastern boundary ? On the north-eastern boundary? Where does the Connecticut rise, what course does it take, and where does it empty ? Merrimack Salmon Falls ? Ammonoosuc ? How long is the Connecticut 1 ? Merrimack What large lake in the center of the State ? How long is it ? Into what river does it flow ? What other lakes in the State ? How far from Portsmouth to Lisbon ? •LESSON XV. MAP No. 1, UNITED STATES. VERMONT. Land. — Bound Vermont. What is its population ? What islands in Lake Champlain ? What mountains in- tersect Vermont ? How long, and high are they ? Cities, &c. — What is the capital of this State, and how is it situated ? How is Burlington situated 1 Middlebury ? Castleton'? Brattleboro ? Bennington? St. Albans? Which of these have over 2000 inhabitants ? Which is the largest town in the State ? Name the largest towns on the Connecticut. For what is Bennington noted? How many counties in Vermont ? 28 Water. — Lakes and Rivers. — What lake on the west % What rivers flow into it ? Into what large river does it discharge its waters % Through what smaller river ? How long is the lake % What river on the east ? What lake en the northern boundary % How long is it % TRAVELS. In coasting from Thomaston to Newburyport, what capes and islands would you pass? What bays and islands from Thomaston to Eastport 1 What towns would you pass in going by railroad from Bath to Boston ? From Portsmouth to Boston ? From Boston to Montpe- lier ? From Boston to Burlington % MAP No. 2, UNITED STATES. MASSACHUSETTS. Land. — Bound Massachusetts. What is its popula- tion ? What mountains in the western part ? Where is Mount Tom? Holyoke? Machuset? What peninsula on the coast % Ans. — Cape Cod. What cape at its northern extremity % At its southern extremity ? What cape on the north-east ? What two large islands off the south coast ? Where is No-Mans-Land % Cities, &c. — What is the capital of Massachusetts, and how is it situated 1 Where is Lowell, and how is it situated % Worcester ? Charlestown % . Roxbury % Nan- tucket % New Bedford % Cambridge % Salem ] Newbu- ryport % Plymouth ? Fall River % Springfield ! Pittsfield ? Marblehead "? Lynn % Which of the above is noted as be- ing the greatest manufacturing town in America % Ans. Lowell. Which, as being the landing place of the first settlers of New England ? Ans. Plymouth. Which is the largest town in the State; and what is its popula- tion ? How many counties has Massachusetts ? Water. — What bay on the east ? What is the south- ern part of it called ? What bay and sound on the south ! What harbor on the eastern coast % moss's questions. 29 Rivers. — What river intersects the State ? What branch- es has it ? What river in the western part ? In the north- eastern ? Where does the Housatonic rise, what course does it take, and where does it empty'? Quinebaug? Blackstone? Taunton? RHODE ISLAND. Land. — Bound Rhode Island. What is its popu- lation ? What island south ? What islands in Narragan- sett bay ? What cape south ? Cities, &c. — Name the capitals of Rhode Island. How are they situated 1 How large a population have they ? Where is Smithfield? Bristol? Warwick? Scituate ? Slatersville 1 Coventry ? Tiverton ? How many of these have over 4000 inhabitants'? Name the largest city' in the State. How many counties has Rhode Island? Water. — What bay divides Rhode Island? What ocean on the south ? Rivers. — What river in the north-east ? Where does Paucatuck river rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty ? Which river forms part of the eastern boundary ? South-western ? LESSON XVI. MAP No. 2, UNITED STATES. CONNECTICUT. Land. — Bound Connecticut. What is its population ? A continuation of what chain of mountains are in the west ? What large island south ? To what State does it belong ? What three other islands belonging to the same State, on the south-east ? Cities, &c. — What are the capitals of Connecticut ? How are they situated ? How large a population have they ? What important town at the junction of the Thames 3* 30 and Quinebaug ? What, near the mouth of the Thames ? What, in the south-east ? What towns on and near Long Island Sound 1 The Thames and Quinebaug ? The Con- necticut % The Housatonic ? Where is Danbury *? Litch- field ? Windham ? Name the largest town in the State. How many counties has Connecticut % Water. — What sound on the south ? How long is it ? Bjver. — What river on the south-east boundary ? What three rivers intersect this State ? How long are they ? Describe the Thames river % What large branch has the Connecticut ? Describe it % To what place, and for how many miles is the Connecticut navigable 1 ? Thames ? Housatonic % TRAVELS. In traveling on the railroad from Boston to Springfield and New York, what towns would you pass, and what States would you cross ? From Bridgeport to Albany ? From Boston to Albany ? From Nashua to Hartford 1 From Boston to Stonington ? From Boston to Fall River 1 From Boston to Norwich % How are these last three places connected with New York ? Arts. Each by a direct steamboat line. MAP No. 3, UNITED STATES. NEW YORK. Land. — Bound New York. What is its population 1 ? What mountains in this State ? A continuation of what range are they ? How high is Mount Marcy ? In what county is it 1 ? How high are the Catskill Mountains'? Where are they situated % What is the length of Long Island ? (See Map No. 2.) What cape at the eastern ex- tremity of Long Island % What two islands on the south'? Where is Grand Island % Cities, &c. — Name the capital of this State ? How is it situated % Where is Troy, and how situated % New York? Buffalo? Rochester? Brooklyn? Lockporf? West 31 Point ? (For what is this place noted % Ans — As the seat of the United States Military Academy.) Canandaigua ? Plattsburgh 1 Geneva % Newhurgh % Syracuse % Ithaca ? Binghamton ? Poughkeepsie 1 Hudson 1 Schenectady 1 What town at the head of Lake Champlain 1 On the Hudson river % On Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence river ? Name the six largest cities in the order of their size. What is the population of the largest city % How many counties in this State % What county does Staten Island form % New York island 1 What three on Long Island % Water. — What ocean on the south-east ? What har- bor ? What sound ? Where is Peconic bay % South Bay ? (See Map No. 2.) Lakes, &c. — What lake on the north 1 How long, wide and deep is it % On the east ? How long, wide, and deep is it ? By what strait are these two lakes con- nected 1 What lake on the north-east 1 What lake con- nected with this on the south % How long is it % Where is Chautauque lake ? Into what does it discharge its wa- ters % Oneida ? How long is it % Into what lake are its waters discharged 1 Through what river ? Canandai- gua ? Cayuga ? Seneca ? Crooked ? Owasco ? Skaneat- eles ? What river is their common outlet ? Are any of the waters of this State discharged into the Gulf of Mex- ico 1 Into Chesapeake bay ? Into Delaware bay ? Through what rivers ? Rivers. — Where does the Hudson River rise, what course does it take, and where does it empty ? Mohawk 1 Black ? Genesee ? What river forms part of the north- ern boundary ? Southwestern ? How far is the Hudson navigable 1 How far from New York to Liverpool ? 32 moss's questions. LESSON XVII. MAP No. 3, UNITED STATES. NEW JERSEY. Land. — Bound New Jersey. What is its population ! What two capes on the coast ? Cities, &c — What is the capital of New Jersey ? How is it situated? Where is Newark, and how situated? Jersey City? Camden? Freehold? New Brunswick ? Middletown ? Paterson ? Princeton ? Rahway ? Bur- lington ? Mount Holly ? What towns on, or near the Delaware ? Passaic ? Delaware Bay ? Atlantic Ocean ? How many counties in New Jersey ? Water. — What ocean on the east ? Bay on the south- west ? How long and wide is it ? What two harbors on the east ? What inlet ? What river on the west ? How long is it ? On the north-east ? How far from Cape May to Portugal ? PENNSYLVANIA. Land. — Bound Pennsylvania. What parallel forms the most of its northern boundary ? What is its popula- tion ? What two ridges in the State ? A continuation of what mountain chain are they ? How many counties in the State ? Cities, &c. — What is the capital, and how is it situat- ed ? Where is Philadelphia, and how situated ? Pitts- burg ? Lancaster ? Erie ? Carlisle ? York ? Hollidays- burg ? Norristown ? Reading ? Pottsville ? Easton ? Honesdale ? What is the population of the largest city ? How many of the above cities have over 3000 inhabit- ants? What towns on, or near the Ohio ? Monongahe- la ? Alleghany ? Susquehanna ? North Branch ? West Branch ? Juniata ? Delaware %' Schuylkill ? Lehigh ? Water. — What lake on the northwest ? How long and deep is it ? 33 Rivers. — What river on the eastern boundary ? From what states does it separate Pennsylvania ? Name its principal branches. How long is it ? What large river intersects the state ? How long is it ? What are its main branches'? What two rivers unite at Pittsburgh What do they form ? Where does the Delaware rise, what course does it take, and where empty ? Susque- hanna? Lehigh? Alleghany? Monongahe.la ? Juni- ata? Schuylkill? West Branch? How long is the Ohio ? How far is the Delaware navigable ? Mononga- hela ? Alleghany ? Susquehanna ? Why is the head of navigation on the Monongehela marked 2200, and that of the Alleghany 2149? Am. Because they are that distance above the mouth of the Mississippi. In sailing from Troy to New York, what towns would you pass on the right bank (right hand side sailing down stream) ? On the left bank ? Through what towns would you pass in going from New York to Dunkirk, by the New York and Erie railroad ? In going by railroad from Albany to Buffalo ? From Albany to Whitehall ? From Brooklyn to Greenport ? (See Map No. 2.) From New York to Amboy and Philadelphia ? From New York to Jersey City and Philadelphia ? From New York to Erie railroad, by the way of Jersey City ? From New York to Easton ? From Philadelphia to Chambers- burg ? From Philadelphia to Pottsville ? From Harris- burg to Pittsburg ? MAP NO. 4, UNITED STATES. DELAWARE. Land. — Bound Delaware. What is its population? What cape on the coast ? What does the country be- tween the Delaware ana the Chesapeake form? What cape at its southern extremity ? What other States be- 34 sides Delaware have territory on this peninsula ? How many counties has Delaware ? Cities, &c. — What is the capital of this state ? How is it situated? Where is Wilmington'? New Castle? Milford ? Georgetown ? Water. — What bay on the east? How long and wide is it ? What large river empties into Delaware bay from the north ? What small river in the southwest ? Where does it rise, what course does it take, and where does it empty ? LESSON XVIII. MAP NO. 4, UNITED STATES. MARYLAND. Land. — Bound Maryland. How large is its popula- tion? How is it divided by Chesapeake Bay? Ans. Jnto the east and west shores. What mountains cross this state ? What is the latitude of its northern bound- ary ? What is this line frequently called ? Ans. Ma- son and Dixon's line. [In the year 1682 a dispute arose between William Penn and Lord Baltimore respecting the limits of their respective grants, (Pennsylvania and Mary- land,) a conference was held by these two distinguished men, but they were unable to settle their difficulties. The matter was carried into the English Court of Chancery and in 1750 Lord Chancellor Hardwicke made a decree awarding costs against Lord Baltimore, and directing that Commissioners be appointed to mark the boundary. These Commissioners met at New Castle (Delaware) in 1755, but not agreeing, they separated. After still fur- ther difficulties the matter was settled by mutual agree- ment among the surviving heirs of Penn and Baltimore. Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon were appointed to MOSS'S QUESTIONS. 35 run the line between the two provinces, which has hence been called " Mason and Dixon's line." Marking the boundary between the slave and free states, Mason and Dixon's line has an important political signification in the history of the present day.] Cities, &c, — What is the capital of Maryland ? How is it situated ? How is Baltimore situated i Frederick ! Hagerstown ? Havre de Grace % Cumberland ? Em- mettsburg % Snow Hill % Chestertown ? Easton 1 Which is the largest and most important town in the state 1 What is its population 1 What towns on, or near the Potomac? Chesapeake Bay % What towns on the East shore % How many counties in Maryland ? Water. — What ocean on the south-east ? What bay intersects the state ? How long is it ? What inlet on the coast ? Rivers. — What river forms its south-western boun- dary ? How long is it ? What large river empties into Chesapeake Bay 1 What is its length % How far is the Potomac navigable % What small rivers on the East shore ? Where does the Potomac rise, in what direction does it flow, and where does it empty % DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Lands. — How large was the District formerly 1 Ans. Ten miles square. How did it come into the possession of the United States government ? JLns. It was ceded by Virginia and Maryland to the United States ? Which state's portion was retroceded in 1846 1 What large city in the District ? For what is it noted ? What other city does it contain'? Bound the District. Water. — What river on the south-west ? To what place is it navigable by steamboats ? VIRGINIA. Land. — Bound Virginia. What is its population * What mountains cross this State % What, on the south- western boundary ? What capes at the entrance of 36 Chesapeake Bay ? What two counties on the East shore peninsula ? Where is the Natural Bridge ? How many counties has Virginia ? Cities, &c. — What is the capital of Virginia ? How is it situated % Where is Norfolk ? Petersburg ? Wil- liamsburg, formerly the capital ? Yorktown, memorable as the place where Cornwallis surrendered'? Wheeling'? Fredericksburg ? Charlottesville 1 Harper's Ferry ? Lynchburg ? Winchester ? Abingdon ? Wellsburg ? What towns on or near the Ohio ? Great Kanawha ? Lit- tle Kanawha ? Monongahela ? Potomac ? Shenandoah ? Rappahannock 1 York ? James ? Chowan ? Roanoke 1 Water. — What bay on the east ? What ocean on the south-east? Rivers, &c. — What river on the north-east ? On the north-west ? What branches has it ? What river in the north % What rivers empty into the Chesapeake Bay ? Albemarle Sound ? What river in the south-west ? Into what does it empty? How long is the Potomac ? Ohio? Shenandoah ? Rappahannock ? James? Great Kanawha? Big Sandy ? Where does the Potomac rise, what direc- tion does it take, and where does it empty ? Shenan- doah ? York ? James *? Chowan ? Roanoke ? Hol- ston ? Big Sandy ? Great Kanawha ? Monongahela ? New ? What swamp on the south-eastern boundary of Virginia ? What lake does it contain ? What medicinal springs in Virginia ? LESSON XIX. MAP No. 4, UNITED STATES. NORTH CAROLINA. Land. — Bound North Carolina. What is its popula- tion ? What mountains in the west ? What peak ? What capes on the coast ? How many counties has North Carolina ? 37 Cities, &c. — What is the capital 1 How is it situated * How is Wilmington situated ? Fayetteville ? Newbern * Salem? Charlotte? Washington? Tarboro' ? What is the population of the largest and most commercial town in the state ? What towns on or near the Broad river ? Cahawba ? Yadkin ? Cape Fear ? Neuse ? Tar « Roanoke ? Chowan ? Water. — What bays and sounds on the east ? How long and wide is Albemarle sound ? How long is Pamlico sound ? What three inlets on the coast ? Rivers. — What rivers in the state ? How long is Roanoke river ? Tar ? Neuse ? Cape Fear ? Where does the Chowan river rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty ? Roanoke? Tar? Neuse? Cape Fear ? Yadkin ? Cahawba ? To what place is the Roanoke navigable ? Tar ? Neuse ? Cape Fear ? Great Pedee ? What towns would you pass in going from Wash- ington to Philadelphia, by railroad ? From Balti- more to Cumberland ? From Fredericksburg, Va., to Wilmington. N. C? Which of these towns are in Vir- ginia ? Which in North Carolina ? MAP No. 5, UNITED STATES. SOUTH CAROLINA. Land. — Bound South Carolina. What is the popula- tion % What mountains on the northwest ? What islands on the coast ? What cape ? Cities, &c. — What is the capital ? How is it situated * How is the largest and most commercial city situated * Where is Georgetown 1 Cheraw ? Camden ? Spartan- burg ? Beaufort ? Greenville ? How many districts or counties in this State 1 What towns on or near the Sa- vannah ? Edisto? Saluda? Broad? Wateree ? Pedee? 4 38 moss's questions. Water. — What ocean on the southeast ? What sound on the coast ? What bay ? What strait ? Rivers. — What river on the soathwest ? How long is it? What other rivers in the State? How long is the Santee ? Name its principal branches? How long is the Great Pedee? Where does the Great Pedee rise, what course does it take, and where does it empty ? Santee 1 Edisto ? Savannah ? How is the Congaree formed 3 How is the Santee formed ? What river is Lynch's Creek a branch of ? Land. — Bound Georgia. What is its population ? What mountains in the north ? What islands on the coast ? How many counties has Georgia ? Cities, &c. — What is the capital of this State ? How is it situated ? Where is the largest and most commercial city situated? Augusta? Athens? Darien ? Macon? Columbus ? Lagrange ? What towns on or near the Sa- vannah ? Ogechee? Oconee? Ocmulgee ? Flint? Chattahoochee ? Coosa ? Water.— What ocean on the east? What sound? How far from Savannah to Liverpool ? What is said on the map in connection with this ? What swamp on the south ? Rivers. — What river form's the boundary on the north- east ? On the southwest ? What other rivers in Geor- gia ? How long are they? To what places are the largest of them navigable ? Where does the Chattahoo- chee rise, what course does it take ; and where does it empty? Flint ? Ogechee ? Oconee ? Ocmulgee ? San- tilla ? Through what towns would you pass in going by rail- road from Charleston, S. C, to" Atlanta, Ga.? Which is the first town you would reach in Georgia ? From Sa- vannah to Macon ? From Macon to Chattanooga ? In I what State is Chattanooga ? moss's questions. 39 LESSON XX. MAP No. 5, UNITED STATES. FLORIDA. Land. — Bound Florida. What is its population ? What capes on the Atlantic coast ? On the Gulf ? What does Florida form ? What small island southeast of Florida ? What clusters off Cape Sable ? Where are the Cedar Keys ? Where is Santa Rosa island ? Amelia * How many counties in Florida'? Cities, &c. — Name the capital. How is it situated ? What town in St. John's county, the oldest by forty years of any in the United States ? Where is St. Joseph's ? Jacksonville? Tampa? Pensacola? Apalachicola ? What towns between the Apalachicola and Perdulo rivers ? Apalachicola and Suwanee ? Suwanee and the Atlantic ? Water. — What ocean on the east? Gulf on the west ? Three inlets on the Atlantic ? What harbor on the west % What bays % What sound % What inlet ? Rivers. — What river forms the western boundary ? What large river intersects this State ? What other rivers in the State % Where does the Perdido river rise, what course does it take, and where does it empty ? Escambia % Apalachicola ? Ocklockony ? Suwanee ? St. John's ? What river forms part of the northeastern boundary of Florida ? What large lake in Florida ? How long is the Escambia? Apalachicola ? Suwanee? ALABAMA. Land. — Bound Alabama. How large is its population ? How many miles of sea coast has it ? The termination of what range of mountains is in the north ? How many counties in Alabama ? Cities, &c— What is the capital ? How is it situated ? 40 moss's questions. How is the former capital, Tuscaloosa, situated? Which is the largest and most commercial town in the State? How is it situated ? Where is Demopolis % St. Stephen's ? Cahawba ? Florence % Tuscumbia % Huntsville ? Selmo ! What towns on or near the Tennessee % Tom- bigbee ? Alabama ? Black Warrior % Cahawba 1 Coosa ? Chattahoochee ? Escambia % Water.— What gulf on the south ? What hays ? Rivers. — What river forms part of the eastern bound- ary of the State ? What river in the north 1 What two in the interior 1 How long are these rivers ? What large branch has the Tombigbee ? How is the Mobile river formed ? Where does the Tombigbee rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty ? Alabama ? What branches has the Alabama? LESSON XXI. MAP No. 6, UNITED STATES. MISSISSIPPI. Land. — Bound Mississippi. How many counties has it 1 What is its population ? Cities, fee—What is its capital % How is it situated % How is Natchez, the largest city, situated % Vicksburg % Grand Gulf? Mississippi City? Columbus? Holly Springs ? What towns on or near the Mississippi ? Yazoo ? Big Black ? Tombigbee ? Pearl ? Pascagoula ? Water. — What gulf on the southeast ? What bay ? Rivers. — What two rivers form its western boundary ? What branches has the Mississippi in this State ? What rivers empty into the Gulf of Mexico ? How long is the Yazoo ? Big Black ? Pearl ? Where does the Yazoo rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty ? Pearl ? Pascagoula ? Big Black ? moss's questions. 41 LOUISIANA. Land. — Bound Louisiana % What is the population % What islands on the southeastern coast % How many parishes (counties) in Louisiana 1 Cities, &c — Name the former capital, one of the largest and most commercial cities of the Union. What is the present capital 4 How is it situated 1 How is New Orleans situated ? Natchitoches % Opelousas \ St. Francisville \ Donaldsonville ? What towns on or near the Mississippi ? Red 1 Washita ? Water. — What gulf on the south % What bays * What lakes ? What two near New Orleans 1 What two in the northeast % How far from New Orleans to New York ; by water 1 Rivers. — What river, forms part of the eastern bound- ary of this State, and afterwards intersects the southern portion 1 How long is it ? What large branch has it in this State % How long is it ? What extensive tributary has the Red 7 How Jong is it 1 What river forms the southeastern boundary ? The western % Does the Mis- sissippi discharge its waters through one or many mouths 1 Where does the Washita rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty ? Sabine % Red % Mississippi % How long is the Sabine 1 (For some of the answers to the following questions, see Map U. S.) Land. — Bound Texas. What is its population % What mountains in the west 1 What peaks in this range ? What desert on the north 1 What Indians in Texas * What is the capital of Texas % How is it situated % Where is Galveston % Houston 1 Washington 1 Mat- agorda ? San Augustine % Nacogdoches 1 San Anto- nio de Bexar ? Corpus Christi ? What towns on or near 4* 42 the Rio Grande ? Nueces 1 Guadalupe % Colorado 1 Brazos % Trinity ? Water. — What gulf on the southeast 1 What bays and inlet ? Rivers. — What river on its eastern boundary 1 North- eastern and northern ? Southwestern 1 What large river empties into Galveston bay ? How long is it % Into Matagorda bay ? How long is it % What into the Gulf of Mexico, between these two bays 1 What noted river into Corpus Christi bay ? What river between Trinity and Sabine rivers ? Where does Trinity river rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty % Brazos 1 Colorado ? Gaudalupe % Nueces % Rio Grande % TRAVELS. What towns would you pass on the right bank in sail- ing down the Mississippi from Marion to New Orleans 1 On the left bank ? In naming the towns, also name the States in which they are found. What towns would you pass on the right bank in sailing down the Arkansas 1 On the left bank % Through what waters would you sail and what towns would you pass in sailing from Little Rock to Austin % LESSON XXII. MAP No. 7, UNITED STATES. INDIANA. Land. — Bound Indiana. What is its population ? How many counties has it % Cities. — What is the capital? How is it situated? Where is New Albany 1 Madison % Evansville 1 Vin- cennes 1 Connorsville % Terre Haute % Crawfords- moss's questions. 43 ville ? La Fayette? Logansport ? Foit Wayne? Michigan City ? What towns on or near the Wabash % White river ? Ohio % Water— Rivers. — What lake on the north-west ? How long and deep is it ? What river forms the southern boundary ? What, a part of the western boundary ? What branches has it % What branch of the Illinois river in this State? What river in the north empties into Lake Michigan? Where does the Wabash river rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty ? White ? Tippecanoe ? Eel ? Kankakee ? How long is the Wabash ? White ? To what place is the Wabash navigable ? How far is that from the mouth of the Mississippi ? OHIO. Land. — Bound Ohio. What is its population ? How many counties has it ? Cities, &c. — What is the capital ? How is it situated ? Where is Cincinnati ? Zanesville ? Portsmouth ? Chil- licothe? Steubenville ? Circleville ? Xenia? Marietta? Cleveland ? Akron ? Sandusky City ? Springfield ? Toledo ? Dayton ? Warren ? Lancaster ? What towns on or near the Ohio ? Sciota ? Miami ? Little Miami ? Muskingum ? Sandusky ? Maumee ? Water. — What lake on the north-east? How long and deep is it ? Where is Maumee bay ? Rivers. — What river on the south and south-east? What branches has it in this State ? What rivers empty into Lake Erie ? Where does the Muskingum river rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty ? Sciota ? Little Miami ? Miami ? Maumee ? Sandusky ? Cuyahoga ? How long is the Muskingum ? Sciota ? Miami ? Ohio ? KENTUCKY. Land. — Bound Kentucky. What is its population ? How many counties has it ? What mountains in the southeast ? 44 moss's questions. Cities, &c. — What is the capital ? How is it situated 1 Where is Lexington ? Maysville ? Covington ? Au- gusta ? Louisville ? Bardstown % Danville ? Bowl- ing Green ? Harrodsburg ? Georgetown ? What towns on or near the Ohio ? Mississippi ? Cumberland ? Green ? Kentucky? Licking? Big Sandy? Water — Rivers. — What river forms the northern and northwestern boundary ? What branches has it in this State ? What river forms the western boundary % Where does the Tennessee river rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty ? Cumberland? Green? Ken- tucky? Licking? Big Sandy? How long are each of these rivers ? LESSON XXIII. MAP No. 7, UNITED STATES. TENNESSEE. Land. — Bound Tennessee. What is its population ? How many counties has it ? Cities, &c. — What is the capital ? How is it situated ? Where is Memphis ? Knoxville ? Murfreesboro' ? Clarksville ? Columbia ? Franklin ? Jonesboro' ? Covington ? Benton ? Fayetteville ? What towns on or near the Mississippi ? Tennessee ? Cumberland ? Holston? Clinch? Mountains. — What mountains divide this State into East and West Tennessee ? What mountains on the eastern boundary ? Water — Rivers. — What river on the west ? What branch has it ? What river intersects this State ? What branches has it ? What large river in the north? In what States does it flow ? In what States does the Ten- nessee flow ? Where does the Hatchee river rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty ? Clinch ? Holston ? Hiwasse ? 45 TRAVELS. In sailing on the Ohio river from Pittsburg to its junc- tion with the Mississippi, what towns will you pass in Pennsylvania ? In Virginia % In Ohio 1 In Kentucky ? In Indiana? In Illinois ? (For Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Illinois, see the other maps.) What towns will you pass on the railroad between Sandusky City and Cincinnati ? What on the canal be- tween Cleveland and Portsmouth ? On what waters will you sail, and what towns will you pass, in going from the head of steamboat navigation on the Tennessee, to the head of steamboat navigation on the Wabash % ILLINOIS. Land. — Bound Illinois. What is its population ? How many counties has it ? Cities. — What is the capital ? How is it situated ? Where is Chicago ? Galena ? Kaskaskia ? Shawnee- town ? Alton ? Nauvoo ? Grafton ? Jacksonville ? Peoria'? Rock Island ? Vandalia? What towns on or near the Mississippi river ? Rock ? Illinois 1 Sanga- mon ? Fox? Kaskaskia? Ohio? Little Wabash? Wabash ? What town at the junction of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers ? On what river is Pontiac ? Middle- port? Water. — What lake on the northeast ? Rivers. — What river on the south ? On the west ? On the east ? What branches has the Mississippi in this State ? What branches has the Illinois? What branch has the Ohio ? Wabash ? How long is Rock river ? Illinois? Kaskaskia? Wabash? Where does Rock river rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty? Illinois? Spoon? Sangamon? Vermillion? Fox? Kankakee? Kaskaskia? Little Wabash? Wabash. 46 moss's questions. LESSON XXIV. MAP No. 8, UNITED STATES. MISSOURI. Land. — Bound Missouri. What is the 'population ? How many counties does it contain ? Cities, &c. — What is the capital ? How is it situated % Where is St. Louis, one of the largest and most thriving towns of the West ? Lexington ? New Madrid ? Ful- ton % Booneville 1 St. Charles ? Richmond ? Colum- bia'? Independence? Potosi? What towns on or near the Mississippi ? Missouri ? Grand % Osage ? Gas- conade? White? Maramec ? Salt? Water. — Rivers — What river on the east ? What river intersects the State ? What branches has the Mis- souri on the north ? On the south ? What other river in the southern part of the State ? Where does the Nishne- botna rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty? Little Platte? Grand? Chariton? Salt? Osage ? Gasconade ? Maramec ? St. Francis ? Big Black? White? IOWA. Land. — Bound Iowa. What is its population ? How many counties has it ? What is the latitude of the north- ern boundary ? Southern ? How long are they ? Cities, &c. — What is the capital ? How is it situated ? Where is Burlington ? Bloomington ? Davenport ? Belle- vue ? What towns on, or near the Mississippi ? Des- Moines ? Skunk? Iowa? Red Cedar ? Wabespinicon ? Where is the Neutral Ground ? Water — Rivers. — What river on the east ? West ? Northwest? What branches has the Missouri wholly in this State ? The Mississippi ? What branches of the Missouri rise in this State ? Where does Sioux river rise, what direction does it take, and where does it emp- 47 ty? Floyd's? Little Sioux? Soldier? Boyer? Des Moines ? Racoon ? Upper Three ? Skunk ? Red Cedar ? Otter Creek ? English 1 Onontaska ? Wabespinicon ? Turkey? Upper Iowa? In what part of the State is Lake Albert Lea, and what river is its outlet ? Boyer Lake ? TRAVELS. On what waters will you sail, and what towns will you pass, in going from the head of steamboat navigation on the Illinois to the head of steamboat navigation on the Missouri ? In going from the head of steamboat naviga- tion on the Mississippi, to the mouth of the Ohio river ? LESSON XXV. MAP No. 9, UNITED STATES. WISCONSIN. Land. — Bound Wisconsin. What is its population ? How many counties has it ? What group of islands in Lake Superior ? Cities, &c. — What is the capital of Wisconsin ? How is it situated ? Where is Prairie DufChien ? Milwaukie ? Kenosha ? Sheboygan ? Fond du Lac ? Green Bay ? Racine ? Cassville ? What towns on or near Lake Mich- igan ? Winnebago ? Mississippi river ? Wisconsin ? Rock ? Water — Lakes. — What lake on the east ? What is said of it ? What lake on the northwest ? What is said of it ? Where is Green Bay ? Sturgeon ? Fond du Lac ? Where is Winnebago lake, and what outlet has it? Kayesikang ? Namebin ? Makwa ? Kino ? Manomi- nikan ? Mille ? Court Oreilles ? Flambeau ? Labiche ? 48 moss's questions. First, Second, and Third Lakes ? Koskonong ? St. Croix % Pepin % Rivers. — What two rivers on the west ? What large river intersects this State ? How long is it ? What branches has the Mississippi in Wisconsin ? What two large rivers rise in this State and flow through Illinois into the Mississippi? Where does the St. Croix rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty ? Chippewa ? What are its principal branches ? Black ? Wisconsin? What are its principal branches'? Fox? How long is it ? What branch has it ? Oconto ? Pesh- tego 1 Menomonee ? How long is it ? MICHIGAN. Land. — Of what does Michigan consist? Bound the southern peninsula. Bound the northern peninsula. What Islands in Lake Superior ? Michigan? Huron? What noted natural curiosity on the southern shore of Lake Su- perior? Where is Shawtomeog Point? Sleeping Bear Point ? Point au Sables? Little Point au Sables ? Point Paterson? Point de Tour? Point au Sables ? Granite Point ? Kewenaw Point ? White Fish Point ? Point au Barques? What is the population of Michigan ? How many counties does it contain ? Cities, &c. — What is the capital ? How is it situated ? Where is Detroit, the former capital ? Mackinaw, a noted trading post ? Monroe ? Ann Arbor ? Jackson ? Ypsi- lanti ? Adrian ? Sault de St. Marie ? Marshall ? Kala- mazoo ? St. Joseph ? Monroe ? Eagle Harbor ? What towns on or near Lake Michigan? Erie? St. Clair lake, and river ? Detroit river ? St. Josephs ? Kala- mazoo ? Grand ? Raisin ?- Saginaw, and its branches ? Huron ? Water, Lakes, Bays, &c. — What lake west and north- west of the southern peninsula ? East and north-east ? What is said of it? What two on the south-east ? What lake on the peninsula north of the northern peninsula ? What lakes in the southern ? Where is Kewenaw Bay ? moss's questions. 49 Grand Traverse Bay % Tah-qua-me-naw % Big Bay No- quet ? Little Bay Noquet ? Green Bay ? Thunder Bay ? Saginaw Bay ? What strait connects Lake Huron with Lake St. Clair ? St. Clair with Erie ? Michigan with Huron ? Huron with Superior ? Rivers. — Where does the St. Joseph's river rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty ? Kala- mazoo ? Grand ? Moskegon ? Manistee ? Thunder Bay ? Sable ? Saginaw ? What are its main branches ? Huron ? Raisin % What rivers in the northern penin- sula ? What small lakes in the southern peninsula ? Where is Lake Vieux Desert % What river is it the source of? What two rivers between Wisconsin and Michigan ? CALIFORNIA. (See Map of the United States.) Bound California. What is its capital ? How is it sit- uated ? What town on the coast ? How is San Francisco situated? Stockton? Sacramento City? What other towns in California % What mountains ? What peaks in the north ? What precious metal is found in great abund- ance in California ? What capes on the coast ? What islands ? Water. — What ocean on the west ? What bays ? Name the principal rivers of California. Where does each rise, what course does it take, and where does it empty ? What lake in the southeast ? What strait on the southern coast 1 Through what waters will you sail, and what capes and islands will you pass, in travelling from Detroit to Chi- cago ? Through what strait and lake will you sail in going from Detroit to Buffalo, N.Y. 1 What towns will you pass in crossing Michigan, by railroad, from Detroit to New Buffalo ? 5 50 moss's questions. LESSON XXVI. REVIEW EXERCISES ON THE FOREGOING MAPS OF THE UNITED STATES. States and Territories. — Which of the states bor- der on the Atlantic ? On the Gulf of Mexico % On the Great Lakes ? What three on the north, or right bank of the Ohio ? What two, on the south or left bank 1 What states on the left (east) bank of the Mississippi 1 j On the right bank ? Which State is intersected by it ? What states and territory^ have the Missouri for their | western boundary % What State is intersected by the i; Arkansas % By the Susquehanna ? What two by the I Connecticut % What territory has the Missouri for its eastern boundary % What territories between the Mis- sissippi and the Pacific % . Which of the States are pe- ninsulas ? What State and territory are separated by the St. Croix 1 What State and province are separated by the St. Croix ? Through what States does the Red river flow % What State and territory does it separate % What States are separated by the Wabash % Chata- hoochee % Pearl % Savannah % Potomac ? Delaware % Connecticut 1 Sabine'? Hudson'? Salmon Falls ? Lake Champlain % What does the Rio Grande separate ? Cities and Towns. — Name the capitals of the I New England States. How are they situated ? The largest towns. How are they situated ? The capitals | of the Middle States. How are they situated 1 The } largest towns. How are they situated 1 The capi- \ tals of the Southern States. How are they situated ? f The largest towns. How are they situated ? The capi- \ tals of the Western States. How are they situated %\ The largest towns. How are they situated ? Islands. — Where is Long fsland 1 Grand Island % \ Mount Desert Island 1 Key West ? Nantucket ? Isle Royale ^ Martha's Vineyard 1 Block Island ? Macki- moss's questions. 51 i naw ? Grand Isle ? Staten Island ? Santa Rosa ? | Sullivan's Island ? Chandeluer ? The Apostles *? Capes. — Where is Kewenaw Point % Point au Bar- ■. ques % Point Charlotte ? Cape Sable ? Canaveral 1 ! Romain "? St. Bias % Cape Fear ? Lookout ? Hat- ; teras ? Henry ? Charles ? Henlopen % May ? Sandy . Hook % Montauk Point % Point Judith ? Cape Mala- ! bar % Cod ? Ann % Pemaquid Point % Cape Small Point % Cape Elizabeth ? Cape Porpoise ? Cape Ned- I dock ? Conception Point ? Point Pines ? Cape Men- : docino % Oxford ? Point St. George ? Latitude and Longitude. — Of New York % Bos- ton % Washington % Philadelphia 1 Charleston % Mo- bile % New Orleans ? St. Louis ? Cincinnati ? San Francisco 1 Chicago ? Milwaukie ? LESSON XXYII. REVIEW EXERCISES CONCLUDED. water. Oceans, Gulfs, Bays, &c. — Between what oceans do the United States lie? What large gulf on the southeast'? How long and wide is it 1 Where is the Bay of San Francisco ? To what water is it tri- butary ? Monterey Bay % Grays % Trinidad % Mata- gorda % Fond du Lac % Timbalier % Mobile ? Green ? Delaware 1 Chesapeake ? Passamaquoddy ? Penob- scot ? Massachusetts 1 Cape Cod ? Casco ? Ma* cliias? Frenchmans? Buzzards'? Narragansett ? Peco- nic'? South Bay? Little Egg Harbor? Great Egg Harbor ? Raleigh Bay ? Onslow Bay ? Winyaw Bay ? Charlotte Harbor ? Tampa Bay \ Wakasasse Bay 1 Appalache Bay 1 Choctawhatchee Bay (Inlet) ? Pensa- cola Bay % Perdido 1 Mobile % Pascagoula ? Bara- 52 moss's questions. taria % Atchafalya ? Cote Blanche ? Vermillion ? Gal- veston ?• Corpus Cbristi? Kewenaw? Tahquame- naw ? Saginaw ? Straits. — Where is Sault St. Marie, and what waters does it connect ? Strait of Mackinaw ? St. Clair River ? Detroit River ? Niagara River ? St. Andrews Sound ? St. Mary's Sound ? Port Royal Entrance % St. Helena Sound ? Ocracoke Inlet 1 Roanoke Inlet % Currituck Inlet ? Barnegat Inlet ? Long Island Sound ? Vine- yard Sound ? Strait of Juan de Fuca % Puget Sound ? Lakes. — Where is the Great Salt Lake ? Name the great lakes in the order of their size. Which one of them is wholly within the United States % Where is Lake Chintaceh? What outlet has it? Pyramid Lake ? Moose- head ? Itasco ? Moosetocmaguntic % Umbagog ? Ap- moojenegamook ? Winnipiseogee ? Squaw ? Grand ? Pemadumcook ? Connecticut % Memphremagog ? Cham- plain ? George ? Oneida ? Chautauque ? Canandai- gua ? Crooked ? Seneca ? Cayuga ? Otsego ? Owasco ? Skeneateles ? Scroon ? Okeechotee ? Ponchartrain ? Borgne? Sabine? Bisteneau ? Caddo? Grand? Win- nebago ? Pepin ? St. Croix ? St. Clair ? Lake of the Woods ? Rivers. — What large river drains Oregon ? Into what river does the Red flow ? In what lake does the Red flow ? Into what bay does the Rio Colorado flow ? Into what gulf does the Rio Colorado flow ? Name the principal rivers of the New England States. Of the Mid- dle States. Of the Southern States. Of the Western States. Into what do the rivers east and south of the Al- leghany mountains discharge their waters ? Between the Alleghany and Rocky Mountains ? West of the Rocky Mountains ? 53 LESSON XXVIII. MAP OF THE WEST INDIES. Land. — Tell by what waters each of the islands is sur- rounded. Where are the West India Islands situated 1 Which is the largest % To what nation does it belong % How many square miles does it contain % By what races is it inhabited % What is its population % What is its capital 1 How is it situated ? Name the chief towns. What towns on the northern coast 1 On the southern % What cape at its eastern extremity % At its western 1 On its northern coast ? On its southern ? What island ranks next to Cuba in size ? By what race is it chiefly inhabited ? What is its population % How many gov- ernments exist on the island, and what are their capitals ? [Hayti, or St. Domingo, was discovered by Columbus, December 5, 1495 ; it continued wholly in the possession of Spain till 1665, when the French, by treaty, obtained from Spain the cession of nearly one-third of the island. The French possessions increased in prosperity, and were gradually augmented, till, in 1776, they embraced more than half the island. In 1791', the memorable revolt of the slaves, in the western or French portion of the island, and the massacre of their masters, took place. In 1800, independence was declared, and in 1803, the French were finally expelled from the island. The east or Span- ish portion, by the neglect of the mother country, became virtually independent, and remained so until 1820, when it was annexed to the Haytien government. In 1844, it revolted and established an independent government, un- der the title of " The Dominican Republic," which still exists. Its capital is St. Domingo. The French, or more properly the African, portion of the island, after various changes in its form of government, has finally settled down into " The Empire of Hayti," with Port au Prince for its capital.] What capes on the north coast 1 5* 54 moss's questions. What towns ? What capes on the south coast % What towns % What island ranks next to Hayti in size ? To what country does it belong % How many square miles does it contain ? What is its population % What is its capital, and how is it situated ? What other towns on the island ? Where is Morant Point ? What island ranks next to Jamaica in size ? To what nation does it belong 1 How many square miles does it contain 1 What is its population ? What is its capital, and how situated ? What other towns on the island % What cluster of islands north of Cuba ? To what nation do they belong ? What is their population % Name the principal islands. For what is St. Salvador noted ? For what is Turk's island noted'? For the manufacture of salt. What town on New Providence island is the capi- tal of the Bahamas 1 What groups of islands southeast of Porto Eico % Which are the principal Leeward islands 1 The principal Windward islands ? By what name is the northern coast of South America known % Where is the Isle of Pines, formerly a famous resort for pirates ? Where is Virgin Gorda ? To what nation does it belong ? Grenada % St. Christopher ? Barbadoes ? Antigua ? Anegada 1 St. Lucie ? Montserrat ? Nevis 1 Tobago % Trinidad ? Roatan ? Tortola ? Grenadines * Barbuda 1 Anquilla 1 St. Vincent ? Dominica % Grand ? Cay- man % Crab? Desirade? Guadelupe 1 Marie Galante 1 St. Martin ? (Northern part, French ; southern, Dutch.) Martinique ? Saintes ? Curacoa ? St. Eustatius % Saba ? St. Bartholomew % Santa Cruz ? St. John ? St. Thomas ? For what is Desirade noted % How man} r inhabitants has Port Espana (Spain), the capital of Trinidad ? What other towns on the island ? Where is Scarborough % . St. George % Bridgetown ? Kingstown ? What town on Martinique ? Dominica ? Guadalupe ? Antigua ? Capes. — Where is Cape San Antonio, and into what waters does it project % Point Mayei or Maize ? Cape Cruz ? Morant Point ? Cape Haytien % Raphael % moss's questions. 55 Engano ? Faux ? Point Gravois ? Cape Florida ? Point Gallinas ? Cape Gracias au Dios % Water. — What ocean north and east of the West Indies % What sea south ? What is said of it % What gulf west 1 What sea south of Cuba 1 What channel north' ? What strait between Cuba and Hayti % What strait between Cuba and Florida ? What strait between Hayti and Porto Rico 1 What gulf west of Trinidad ? What strait at the eastern entrance ? Where is Provi- dence channel ? Where is Gulf Stream % What waters are connected by Windward Passage 1 By Mona Pas- sage ? Where is the Gulf of Paria? Where is Ser- pent's Mouth ? What two towns of the same name, one on the island of Jamaica, and the other in Hayti % Where is Mosquito Gulf? LESSON XXIX. MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA. SOUTH AMERICA. — DIVISIONS OF LAND. Peninsulas, Capes, &c. — Bound South America. What natural division is it 1 How is it connected with the main land ? Where is the peninsula of St. Joseph, and into what waters does it project? Tres Montes? What capes on the north ? On the east 1 On the west 1 What one on the south % Which is the most northern 1 Southern % Eastern ? Western 1 Where is Cape Gal- linas 1 Into what waters does it project % Cape Orange ? North 1 St. Koque % Frio ? St. Maria ? San Antonio ? Corrientes ? Blanco ? Point Gallegos ? Blanco, 2d ? St. Francisco ? Islands. — Tell by what waters they are surrounded. What islands in the Caribbean sea 1 In the Atlantic ocean ? In the Pacific $ What large island off the 56 southern extremity of South America ? On what island is Cape Horn ? Ans. Cape Horn Island. What islands northeast of Terra del Fuego ? By what nations are they claimed ? Where are the Juan Fernandez Islands ? What are their names % For what is one of them noted ? Ans. As having been for several years the residence of Alexander Selkirk, or Robinson Crusoe. Where is the island of St. Catharine'? Joannes? Curacoa? Buen Ayre ? Tortuga? Margarita? Trinidad? Joannes? St. Sebastian ? East Falkland ? West Falkland ? Sta- ten Land ? Terra del Fuego ? Desolation ? Welling- ton ? Chiloe? Juan Fernandez ? Quibo? St. Catha- rine ? St. Francisco ? Mountains. — What range of mountains, adjacent to the Pacific coast, extends through the whole length of South America ? What is its length and average height? What is the name of its highest peak ? How high is it ? What other peaks ? How high are they ? What two ranges in Brazil ? What is the length of the Brazilian Andes ? DIVISIONS OF WATER. Oceans, Seas, &c. — What sea on the north ? What ocean on the west ? What ocean on the east ? Where is the Gulf of Venezuela ? Quaquil ? San Antonio ? Trinidad? Penas ? Chonos 1 ? Where is the Bay of Panama ? Darien ? All Saints ? Pisco ? Choco ? Pa- ranagua ? Rivers, Lakes, &c. — Where is Maracaybo Lake ? Titicaca ? Mirim ? Bevedero ? Oberava ? Name the longest river in South America. How long is it ? Name its branches on the north. How long are they ? Name its branches on the south. How long are they? Why are there no large rivers on the Pacific coast? What large river in the south ? How long is it ? How long are its principal branches ? What large river in the north ? How long is it? How many Rio Negro rivers are there in South America ? Where are they ? moss's questions. 57 v Distances. — How far from Chili to Australia 1 From Bolivia to the Sandwich Islands'? From Rio Janeiro to the Cape of Good Hope ? TRAVELS. What would he your course, and through what waters and near what islands and capes would you pass in a voyage from Carthagena to Guayaquil % Maracaybo to Callao % La Guayra to Panama % Coquimbo to George- town? Cayenne to Assumption ? Bahias to Valparai- so % Rio Janeiro to Chagres'? Buenos Ayres to St. Martha % Valparaiso to Calderon % LESSON XXX. MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA. POLITICAL DIVISIONS. Name the political divisions of South America. Which is the largest % Which the smallest % Which border on the Caribbean sea % Which on the Atlantic ? Which on the Pacific ? Which is inland ? What republic did Venezuela, New Granada and Equador formerly com- pose'? VENEZUELA. Land. — Bound Venezuela. What is its population ? What mountains on the west % What islands on the coast % What cape on the northwest % Cities, &c. — What is the capital, and how is it situ- ated ? Where is Maracaybo % Valencia ? Cumana % Truxillo 1 Angostura 1 Merida ? La Guayra ? San Carlos ? Esmaralda'? Water. — What sea on the north 1 What gulf in the northwest ? What lake 1 How long is it 1 What is the name of the principal river % How long is it % Name 58 its branches. Where does it rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty % What two rivers are connected by a canal ? Land — How is Guiana divided ? What is the eastern division called, and to what nation does it belong % The central division % The western division? Bound British Guiana. What is the capital, and how is it situated % What other towns has it ? What is its population % Bound Dutch Guiana. What is its capital, and how is it situated % What is its population % Bound French Guiana. What is its capital, and how is it situated % What is its population % Water. — What ocean on the north ? What river in British Guiana % In Dutch Guiana ? On the boundary between Dutch and French Guiana % On the eastern boundary of French Guiana % W T hat is the direction, and into what body of water do all these rivers flow ? LESSON XXXI. MAP OF SOUTH; AMERICA. BRAZIL. Land. — Bound Brazil. What is its population 1 What is its most eastern extremity called 1 What other capes between it and Guiana ? Between it and Uruguay 1 What islands off the coast % Which is the largest ? What mountains are in Brazil % What are the Pampas 1 Ans. They are vast grassy plains. Name the provinces of Brazil. Cities. — What is the capital of Brazil, and how is it situated % What is its population 1 Where is Bahia % Pernambuco % Maranham ? What other towns on the moss's questions. 59 coast ? What towns on the Amazon ? San Francisco ? What town on St. Catharine's Island ? Water. — What body of water on the east? What bays on the coast 1 What lake in the south ? Name the rivers of Brazil. Name the branches of- the Amazon on the north. On the south. What is the length of the principal rivers of Brazil ? Where does the Amazon rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty 1 ? Rio Negro 1 Zapura ? Putumayo ? Jutay ? Jurna ? Jeffe? Puras? Madeira? Tapajos ? Xinqua? Ara- guay % Tocantins 'I Maranham 1 Parnaiba ? St. Fran- cisco 1 Diamond ? Doce % Parana % Land. — Bound Paragua. What is its population 1 What is its capital, and how is it situated ? What other town % Water. — What river on the west ? How long is it ? What river on the south and east ? How long is it 1 URUGUAY. Land. — Bound Uruguay. What is its population ? What cape on the coast 1 What is the capital, and how is it situated % What town on the coast % Water. — What ocean on the southeast ? What lake in the eastern part 1 What river on the south % How long is it % What river on the west ? How long is it 1 Where does it rise? what direction does it take, and where does it empty 1 What small river wholly in Uruguay % BUENOS AYRES, OR ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Land. — Bound Buenos Ayres. What is its population % What capes on the coast 1 What mountains on the west % Cities. — What is the capital, and how is it situated 1 Where is Catamarca % Cordova? Mendoza? Tucuman? 60 Salta ? What other towns in Buenos Ayres, and how are they situated ? Water. — What water on the southeast ? What bay ? What Jakes in Buenos Ayres? What rivers'? How Jong are they * Where does the Paraguay rise ? what course does it take, and where does it empty ? Pil- comayo ? Vermeja % Salado ? Dulce % (empties into lake De los Porougos.) Parana ? Uruguay ? Salado ? Colorado'? Rio de la Plata ? LESSON XXIII. MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA. PATAGONIA. Land. — Bound Patagonia. What is its estimated po- pulation ? What is the character of its inhabitants ? What tribes in the west ? What mountains in the west ? How long and high are they 1 What peninsula on the east ? On the west ? What capes on the east ? What islands east of Patagonia ? By what nations are they claimed ? What large island south ? What islands and capes south of it ? What islands orT the west coast % Water. — What water on the east? On the west? On which coast is the gulf of San Antonio ? Nuevo ? Chonos ? Penas ? Trinidad ? Archipelago de la Madre de Dios ? Port Desire ? Port Sta. Cruz ? Where is the Strait of Magellan, and what waters are connected by it ? How long and wide is it ? Land. — Bound Chili. W T hat is its population ? What independent nation of Indians in the south ? What moss's questions. 61 mountains on the coast ? What large island on the south 1 Name the other islands belonging to Chili. Cities. — What is the capital, and how situated 1 Name the other towns, and their situation. Which is the largest town in Chili, and one of the chief seaports of South America ? Water. — What ocean on the west ? Why are there no large rivers in Chili ? BOLIVIA. Land. — Bound Bolivia. What is its population % What mountains on the west % What is said of one of the peaks % How high is it ? How many miles of sea- coast has Bolivia'? Cities. — What is the capital of Bolivia, and how is it situated % Where is La Paz % Tarija ? Cobija ? Oruro ? Sta. Cruz ? Potosi, noted for its silver mines ? Coch- abamba ? Water. — What water on the south- west? What lake forms part of the western boundary % What large river drains the greater part of Bolivia % By what rivers is it formed % How long is it % . What river on the western boundary ? How long is it ? What expansion has it ? What large river in the south % How long is it ? What important river is formed by the junction of these two rivers 1 Where does the Beni river rise, what coarse does it take, and where does it empty % Mamore ? Blanca % Paraguay ? Pilcomayo ? Purus % i 62 moss's questions. LESSON XXXIII. MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA. Land. — Bound Peru. What is its population ? What v mountains intersect it in the west ? What cape on the j 1 coast ? Cities. — What is the capital ? What town near is the chief seaport of Peru? Where is Arequipa? Puno Truxillo ? Huancavelica, noted for its quicksilver ? '<•■ Cusco % Paso ?. Guamanga 1 Arica ? Pisco ? Name | all the towns on or near the coast. On or near the f 1 Ucayale. Water. — What ocean on the west? How long and P wide is it ? What large lake on the southwest ? How 1 long is it ? What great river has its source in Peru ? How many miles from its source to its mouth ? Which of its branches lie wholly in Peru ? Which merely have j their source in Peru ? Where does the Maranonj rise, '■> what course does it take, and where does it empty ? ^ Huallaga? Ucayale? Javary? Purus % Jutay ? " Jurna j f EQUADOR. Land. — Bound Equador. What is its population ? What range of mountains intersect it % What peaks J has it in Equador % Which one of these is one of the [ most noted volcanoes on the earth? How high are two i of these peaks ? What cape on the coast ? What island l on the southwest ? Cities. — What is the capital ? What is its latitude ? | Where is Guayaquil ? San Luis? Cuenca? Loxa? Water. — What water on the west ? What gulf on I the southwest 1 What river forms the greater part of \ the boundary on the south ? What small river on the r 63 jsouthwestern boundary ? On the northwestern ? Where I does the Putumayo rise, what course does it take, and I where does it empty ? Zapura % How long are these i rivers ? NEW GRANADA. Land. — "Sound New Granada. What is its population ? | What mountains in New Granada? What isthmus on the ; northwest ? What does it connect ? What is its length land width? Ans. About 300 miles long; general I breadth 40 miles, but where narrowest, not more than 28 ! miles from sea to sea. What island south of the isthmus ? Cities. — What is the capital of New Granada ? How is it situated ? What important town on the south shore of the isthmus ? On the north shore ? Where is Carthagena? St. Martha? Pasto ? Popoyan ? Pam- plona ? Honda ? Water. — What sea on the north ? What ocean on the west ? What bays on the west ? What bay on the north? What branches of the Amazon rise in New Granada ? Of the Orinoco ? What two large rivers lie wholly within New Granada? What is the length of these rivers ? What is their direction, and where do they empty ? What sea and ocean receive nearly all the waters of this country ? LESSON XXXIV. MAP OF EUROPE. DIVISIONS OF LAND. Peninsulas and Islands. — Bound Europe. What peninsula on the southwest ? Into what waters does it project ? What two on the south ? What one on the northwest ? What directly south of it ? What one in 64 moss's questions. the south of Russia ? What large islands northwest of France ? By what waters are they surrounded ? What one northwest of these ? To what nation does it be- long % Where is Corsica ? To what nation does it be- long % Sardinia % The Balearic isles % Name the three principal islands of the group. To what nation do they belong 1 Where is Sicily, noted for its fertility ? Can- dia ? Zealand ? Funen 1 Laland ? A part of what kingdom are the last three ? Where is Malta ? To what nation does it belong % Capes and Mountains. — What is the most northern cape of Europe % Into what waters does it project 1 Southern % Western ? Where is North Cape % Cape Trafalgar ? Matapan ? Passara 1 The Naze ? North Cape ? Lands End % Cape Clear ? Duncansby Head ? Cape Ortegal ? Finisterre 1 St. Vincent * What mountains on the northeast ? How long are they 1 How high ? On the southeast % How long and high are they ? What, between Norway and Sweden 1 How long and high are they % What, in Spain % Between Spain and France % How long, and high are they % Where are the Alps % What is their length, and height 1 Where are the Carpathian mountains ? What is their length, and height % Where are the Balkan mountains % How long and high are they ? Appenines % How long and high are they 1 Which is the longest range ? Which, the highest % Ocean and Seas. — What ocean on the north ? On the west % What seas on the south % What gulfs ^ Where is the North Sea ? Mediterranean 1 Archipelago ? Black % Marmora % Azov % Baltic 1 Irish % Gulfs and Bats. — Where is the Gulf of Finland 1 To what larger body of water is it tributary 1 Venice % Bothnia % Genoa % Lyons % Taranto 1 Riga % What gulf north of Russia ? What bay west of France ? Where is Drontheim Fiord ? Where is St. George's Channel, and what waters does it connect 1 Bristol % English ? North ? Strait of moss's questions. 65 Dover ? Skager Rack ? Cattegat ? Gibraltar 1 Bos- phorus ? Dardanelles ? Enikale ? Otranto ? Mes- sina ? Bonifacio ? Lakes and Rivers. — Where is the Caspian Sea 1 Lake Onega T Ladoga 1 Baima % Tchoudsko % Wen- ner % Wetter 1 Geneva 1 Enare % Which is the largest river in Europe % The next 1 The next ? The next ? What rivers empty into the Atlantic ? Bay of Biscay ? North Sea ? Baltic ? White "? Caspian * Azov ? Black ? Gulf of Venice 1 Mediterranean Sea ? TRAVELS. What would be your courses, through what waters, and near what islands and capes would you pass, fn a voyage from Archangel to Azov ? North Cape to Crimea % . Constantinople to St. Petersburg % Stockholm to Odessa ? Trieste to Copenhagen 1 London to Ancona ? Genoa to London % Dublin to Cairo % Edinburgh to Marseilles % Paris to Algiers % Amsterdam to Venice % Bordeaux to Smyrna ? Lisbon to Tornea ? Cadiz to Naples % Naples to Riga % Malta to Iceland 1 Odessa to Cork % Liverpool to Ajaccio ? LESSON XXXY. MAP OF EUROPE. POLITICAL DIVISIONS. What are the political divisions of Europe ? Which is the largest % What proportion does it bear to the rest of Europe 1 What two kingdoms on the northwest of Russia ? What two empires on the southwest % What kingdom west ? What large republic borders on the Atlantic ? What two kingdoms south 1 What two on the northeast % What celebrated kingdom on the north ? 6* 66 moss's questions. How is it divided ? What republic between France and Austria ? What kingdom north of Hanover % By what general name is Central Europe known % Of what does Germany consist % Ans. Of a number of confederated states, the principal of which are Austria and Prussia. What small kingdom south of Turkey 1 What are the governments of Italy % Ans. Monarchical, excepting the small republic of San Marino. RUSSIA.. Land. — Bound Russia. What is its population 1 What cape on the north 1 What peninsula on the south 1 What island in the Arctic ocean ? What cluster of islands at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia % What island in the Baltic, between the Gulfs of Riga and Fin- land ? In what zone is the north of Russia % What mountains on the east ? How long are they % On the south % How long are they 1 Cities. — What is the capital ? How is it situated % Where is Moscow % Archangel ? Riga % Astrakhar % Odessa, the principal seaport of Southern Russia % Warsaw, the capital of the former kingdom of Poland 1 Wilna % Orel % Cherson ? Saratov ? Toula 1 Oren- burg % Kazan ? Jaroslav % Tver ? Abo ? Koursk ? Moghilev % Revel % Water.— What ocean on the north % What sea 1 How long is it % What Gulf? What seas on the south 1 How long are they % What gulfs and sea on the west 1 What is their size % What lakes in the west ? How long is Lake Onega % Lake Ladoga % What outlets have they ? These being the largest fresh water lakes in Europe, how do they compare with those of North America ? How is the Sea of Azov connected with the Black Sea ? What river forms the southwestern boun- dary % Southeastern 1 Where do the following rivers rise, what course do they take, where do they empty, and what are their lengths *? Ural ? Volga 1 Don % Dnie- per % Bog % Pruth 1 Dniester * Vistula 1 Niemen % moss's questions. 67 Duna ? Divina ? Mezen 1 Patchora 1 What branch has the Don ? Volga 1 LESSON XXXVI. MAP OF EUROPE. SWEDEN. Land. — Bound Sweden. What is its population ? What mountains on the west? How long and high are they? What country on the north? On the west? What do Sweden, Norway and Lapland form? Ans. The great Scandinavian Peninsula. What islands in the Baltic belonging to Sweden ? Cities. — What is the capital of Sweden, and how is it situated ? Where is Gottenburg, next to the capital, the chief seaport of Sweden ? Carlserona ? Fahlun ? Cal- mar? Upsala ? Sundswal ? Umea ? Pilea ? Tornea ? Water. — What gulf and sea on the east ? How large are they ? What strait on the southwest ? What waters does it connect? What river on the northeastern bound- ary ? Where do the rivers of Sweden have their source ? What would you judge their length to be ? Where do they empty ? What large lakes in Sweden ? How long are they ? ' Norway is attached to the crown of Sweden ; that is, the king of Sweden is, by virtue of his office, king of Norway. In all other respects the governments are dis- tinct. Land— Bound Norway. What is its population ? What mountains in Norway ? What cape in the south ? What in the north ? What islands on the coast ? Cities. — What is the capital, and how is it situated ? 68 Where is Drontheim ? Christiansand ? Bergen? Als- tahoug ? Water. — What ocean on the north? On the west? What strait on the south ? What waters does it connect ? What small fiords (bays) indent the western coast ? What noted whirlpool in the Atlantic ? DENMARK. (See also the Map of Denmark.) Land. — Bound Denmark. Of what does it consist? Ans. Of the peninsula of Jutland, and the islands of Zea- land, Funen, Laland, &c. What is its population ? What large island west of Norway, belonging to Denmark? What is its size ? What noted volcano has it ? What cluster of islands between Norway and Iceland ? Cities. — What is the capital of Denmark, and how is it situated ? Where is Fleusburg ? Altona ? Gluck- stadt ? Aarhuas ? Aaalborg ? Sleswick ? Water. — What sea on the west ? Southeast ? What strait on the east ? North ? What waters do they con- nect? What river on the south ? LESSON XXXVII. MAP OF EUROPE, AND OF THE BRITISH ISLES. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Bound Great Britain. What are its divisions? What parts do they occupy ? Where is Ireland ? How do these four divisions compare in size ? What is the pop- ulation of each ? (The population of Wales is included in that of England.) What countries of Europe adja- cent to Great Britain ? 69 Mountains. — What mountains in Wales ? How high is the highest peak ? (Wyddva is the name of the highest peak of the Snowden range.) What mountains in Scot- land ? What peaks ? How high are they ? Which is the highest mountain in Great Britain ? Capes and Mountains. — Which is the most southern cape of Great Britain ? Northern? What capes on the eastern coast ? Western? Where are the following capes, and into what waters do they project I Duncansby Head ? Kennard's Head % Flamboro Head ? Beachy Head ? Portland Bill? Start Point? Lizard Point? Land's End ? Hartland Point ? St. David's Head ? Braichy Point? Butt of Lewis? Cape Wrath? What two clusters of islands north of Great Britain? What are the names of the Shetland Islands? Of the Orkney Islands ? What cluster west of Scotland ? [The Hebrides or Western Islands embrace all the islands on the west coast of Scotland, from the Firth of Clyde north. Those immediately adjacent to the coast are called the Inner Hebrides; the others the Outer.] What are the names of the Inner Hebrides ? Which is the largest ? Of the Outer Hebrides ? Which is the largest ? What small island is the most southern of the Outer Hebrides ? What noted island in the Irish sea ? What two islands in the St. George's Channel, northwest of Wales ? Where are the Scilly Islands ? Where is the Isle of Wight ? What cape or headland at the northern extremity of Ireland, and into what waters do they project ? At the southern? Where is Slyne Head ? Hog's Head ? Loop Head ? Mizen Head? Gaily Head? Cape Clear? Cansore Point? Hoath Head? Malin Head? Tillin Head ? Binwi Head ? Where are the North Arran Islands ? South Arran ? Where is Inish Bonin ? Achil ? Tory ? 70 moss's questions. LESSON XXXVIII. MAP OF EUROPE, AND BRITISH ISLES. GREAT BRITAIN. Oceans, Seas, &c. — What ocean on the north and west? What sea on the east 1 ? From what countries does it separate Great Britain % What sea between Eng- land and Ireland? What channel south of England? What south of Wales ? Is this a channel ? What is it properly? What channel between Wales and Ireland? Between Scotland and Ireland ? By what name is the strait between the Outer and Inner Hebrides called ? Be- tween the Outer Hebrides and Scotland? Between the Orkneys and Scotland ? Where is Dover strait and what waters does it connect? What firths or friths on the east coast of Scotland? On the west coast? What lochs on the west coast ? What lakes (lochs) in Scot- land ? Which one of these is the largest lake in Great Britain ? What lakes in Ireland ? Where is Cardigan Bay ? Morecamby ? Luce ? Galway ? Black-sod ? Tralee? Dingle? Kenmore ? Bantry ? Dundalk ? Dendrum? Belfast Lough? Lough Foyle? Lough Swilly? Where is Cork Harbor? Dungarvan ? Where is Milford Haven? Where is the roadstead called "The Downs?" Where is the estuary called "The Wash?" How far from Liverpool to New York ? From Bristol to New York ? From Cork to Bristol ? From Scotland to Labrador ? Rivers. — What rivers of England empty into the North Sea ? Into the Irish Sea and Bristol Channel ? Where do each of the following rivers rise, what course do they take, where do they empty, and how long are they? Thames? Blackwater? Yare ? Ouse ? Great Ouse ? Humber? Trent? Swale? Tees? Tweed? Ribble? Mersey? Dee? Severn? Which is the longest river in moss's questions. 71 England ? Which is part of the boundary between Eng- land and Scotland 1 Where do the following rivers rise, what course do they take, and where do they empty? Dee? Spey? Clyde? Nith ? Which of these rivers is the largest in Scotland ? What waters are connected by the Caledonian Canal ? Where do the following rivers rise, what course do they take, and where do they empty ? Suir? Nore ? Barrow? Blackwater? Boyne ? Car- lingford ? Bann ? Shannon ? Which is the largest river in Ireland ? How long is it ? Are there any large rivers in Wales ? Why not ? LESSON XXXIX. MAP OF THE BRITISH ISLES. ENGLAND AND WALES. Cities. — What city is the capital of England, and of the whole British Empire ? Where is it situated, and what is its population ? Where is Greenwich, the town from which longitude is reckoned ? Where is Birming- ham, noted for its general hardware? Sheffield, for its cutlery ? Manchester, for its cotton goods ? Liverpool, for its American trade ? Bristol, for the same ? New- castle, for its coal mines ? Kidderminster, for its carpets ? York, for its cathedral? Leeds, for its woolen goods? Cambridge, for its Universities ? Oxford, for the same ? Bath, for its medicinal springs, and as a fashionable re- sort? Brighton, for its sea-bathing facilities? Ports- mouth, as the principal naval station of Great Britain ? Falmouth, for its excellent harbor? Plymouth, for its dock yard, and as being the last place from which " The Mayflower" sailed on her way to America ? Southampton, as being the port from which the British West India steamers start? Hastings, for the battle which gave Eng- 72 moss's questions. land to William the Conqueror? Dover, for its chalk cliffs ; and as the nearest town to the continent ? King- ston upon Hull, as a seaport ? Halifax, for its ex- tensive manufacture of woolen cloth, &c. I? Where is Ipswich? Shrewsbury? Preston? Reading? Nor- wich ? Leicester ? Derby ? Chester ? What towns in Wales have over 3000 inhabitants ? Where is Holywell? Dongelly ? Pembroke? Swansea, noted for the coal, copper, and tin mines in its vicinity ? Holyhead, as the nearest port to Dublin ? SCOTLAND. Cities. — Where is Edinburgh, the metropolis of Scot- land ? Where is Glasgow, noted as being, next to Man- chester, the largest cotton manufacturing town in the kingdom ? Aberdeen, a celebrated manufacturing town, and seaport ? Dundee, the chief seat of the British linen I manufacture ? Stirling, noted for its castle ? Perth, a manufacturing city ? Inverness, the great sheep and wool market of the Scottish Highlands ? Dumfries, a seaport noted for its cattle market ? Port Patrick, for its trade with Ireland ? Where is Dunbar, celebrated in Scottish history ? Paisley, noted for its shawls ? Greenock, for its shipyards 1 Where is .Montrose ? Berwick ? Kilmar- nock, noted for its manufactures ? IRELAND. Cities. — Where is Dublin, the capital ? Cork, noted for its fine harbor? Killarney, for its beautiful lakes ? Belfast, for its linen manufacture, and as the first commercial town in Ireland? Londonderry, a seaport famous for its siege in 1689 ? Gal way ? Sligo? Drog- I heda ? Dundalk ? Waterford^ one of the most commer- cial towns of Ireland ? Limerick, famous for its siege in 1691 ? Dungarvan, a watering place ? Clonmell ? En- | niskillen? Tralee ? Bandon ? Kilkenny? Ennis ? Castlebar? Wexford? Carlo w ? Dundalk? Coleraine ? Carrickfergus ? Cashel ? Youghal ? 73 LESSON XI. MAP OF EUROPE AND OF FRANCE. Land. — Bound France. What is its population % What cape on the north-west % What island % What large island in the Mediterranean, noted as the birth-place of Bonaparte 1 What mountains in the south of France % How long and high are they 1 What do they form the boundary between 1 What mountains between France and Switzerland % What, in the southeast of France % Cities. — What is the capital, and how is it situated % Where is Havre, the principal Atlantic seaport % Mar- seilles, the principal Mediterranean seaport % Where are Aix, Brest; Cherbourg, and Toulon, the naval depots of France 1 Bordeaux, a principal seaport, noted for its wines ? Bayonne, another seaport, noted for the inven- tion and first use of the bayonet 1 L'Orient, noted for its naval school ? Where are Lyons, Nismes, Avignon, Tours, and St. Etienne, noted for their manufacture of silk % Where are Sedan, Louviers, Rouen, Amiens, Elbeuf, Bernay, Lodeve, Carcassonne, and Chateauroux, noted for the manufacture of woolen cloth % Where are Lille, Dieppe, and Alencon, noted for their manufacture of lace % Where is Sevres, noted for its beautiful china- ware % Rennes % Calais % Metz 1 Toulouse ? Orleans i Nancy ? Versailles % [It is noted for its grand collection of paintings and statues, illustrating the history of France, which are deposited in the palace, made famous by the attack of the Paris mob at the commencement of the great French Revolution.] Strasbourg ? La Rochelle ? Montpellier ? Perpignon % Caen ? Clermont ? Nantes, a celebrated commercial city % Water. — What channel on the north % What strait ? How wide is it % What waters does it connect, and what 7 74 moss's questions. countries separate ? What bay and ocean on the west 1 What sea and gulf on the south-east 1 Rivers. — What important river forms part of its east- ern boundary % Where does this river rise, what course does it take, through what countries does it flow, and where does it empty 1 How Jong is it % What river in the south-east 1 Where does it rise, what course does it take, and where does it empty % How long is it 1 De- scribe each of the other rivers of France in the same manner. How is Toulouse connected with the Gulf of Lyons % LESSON XLL MAP OF EUROPE, AND OF SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. SPAIN. Land. — Bound Spain. What is its population % With Portugal, what peninsula does it form ? Ans. The Spanish peninsula. What capes on the north-west ? What cape on the east % What islands, belonging to Spain, in the Mediterranean % What mountains between Spain and France ? What, in the north-west % What, in the centre % What, in the south-east ? Cities. — What is the capital of Spain, and how is it situated % Where is Cadiz, the chief seaport % Malaga, noted for its wines and raisins % Granada, as the former capital of the Moorish kingdom of the same name % Barcelona, an important seaport % Valencia, a manufac- [ turing town anciently held by the Moors % Toledo, noted for the manufacture of the celebrated " Toledo (sword) blades'?" Cordova ? Ciudad Real ? Alicante 1 Oviedo ? Corunna, before whose walls Sir John Moore was killed in 1808 ? Salamanca, the seat of the univer- moss's questions. 75 sity % Saragossa, noted for the obstinate resistance its inhabitants made to the French army, in 1808 — 9 % (Dur- ing the siege 6000 of the inhabitants were killed in bat- tle, and above 30,000 perished from hunger and pesti- lence.) Tortosa % Bilboa % Valladolid % Seville, noted for its oranges ? Carthagena, originally a colony of ancient Carthage 1 What important town and fortress have the British in the south ? Water. — What ocean on the north-west, and south- west % What bay on the north % What sea on the east and south-east ? How are the ocean and sea connected % What two grand divisions of the earth are separated by this strait 1 How wide is it ? Rivers. — What rivers of Spain empty into the Medi- terranean % Into the Atlantic ? How long are these rivers % Where do each of these rivers rise, what course do they take, and where do they empty % PORTUGAL. Land. — Bound Portugal. What is its population * What mountains in Portugal % What capes on the coast % Cities. — What is the capital, and how is it situated ? Where is Oporto, the city from which port-wine is shipped ? Where is Coimbria, the seat of the university ? Faro, a seaport 1 Badajos, memorable for its siege dur- ing the Peninsular war % Valencia % What other cities in Portugal 1 Water. — What ocean on the west and south % What are the rivers of Portugal % In what country do they all have their source ? 76 moss's questions. LESSON XLII. MAP OF EUROPE, AND OF CENTRAL EUROPE. SWITZERLAND. Land. — Bound Switzerland. What is its population ? What mountains in Switzerland ? How long and high are they ? What noted peak in the south 1 What is the government of Switzerland % Ans. A confederated re- public % How many cantons or states are there in this confederation'? Ans. 22. Cities. — What three cities are each the capital, in turn for two years % Where is Neuchatel, noted for its watches and laces ? Schaffhausen, for the falls of the Rhine in its vicinity % Geneva, the most populous city in Switzerland ; noted for its manufacture of watches and jewelry, and for its literary institutions 1 Lausanne ? Basle ? Soleure ? Water. — What lakes in Switzerland ? The expansions of what rivers are they ? What two of the principal rivers of Europe rise in Switzerland % What branch of the Danube rises in the east ? HOLLAND. What is the proper name of this state ? " The King- dom of the Netherlands." Bound the Netherlands. What islands on the coast ! Cities.— What is the capital, and how is it situated % Where is Amsterdam, the chief city % Rotterdam, the secondary? Utrecht, famous for its treaty of 1713 T Breda, for the treaty of 1668, which ceded New York to England? Maestricht? Arnheim? Groningen ? Leeu- warden ? Zwolle? Helder ? Bergen op Zoom % Water. — What sea on the north and west % What is this sea frequently called % Ans. " The German Ocean." 77 What large sea or bay indents the Netherlands'? What three large rivers cross its territory, and empty into the North Sea ? BELGIUM. Land. — Bound Belgium. What is its population ? Cities. — What is the capital (noted for its carpets.) and how is it situated 1 Where is Waterloo 1 For what is it famous % Where is Antwerp, the chief commercial city? Ghent, noted for the treaty of 1814, between the United States and England % Liege % Bruges 1 Namur t Water. — What sea on the west % What two rivers intersect Belgium ? Where do they rise, what course do they take, and where do they empty 1 LESSON XML MAP OF ENGLAND AND OF CENTRAL EUROPE. ITALY. Land. — What natural division is Italy 1 What does it resemble 1 Bound Italy. Where is Sicily ? Sar- dinia T What islands between Sicily and Italy? What island south of Sicily belonging to Great Britain 1 What, north of Sardinia belonging to France ? Where is Cape Tenlado 1 Passaro % Name the eight political divisions of Italy ? What mountains extend through Italy * What is their length and height 1 What mountains on the north 1 Water. — What gulf on the east 1 (Frequently called the Adriatic Sea.) What sea on the south and west 1 Rivers. — What is the principal river of Italy 1 Where does it rise, what course does it take, through what 7* 78 moss's questions. divisions does it flow, and where does it empty 1 What large branch has it from the north 1 What river on the northwest ? What rivers on the west % What lakes in Italy ! KINGDOM OF SARDINIA. By what name is it known on the map % Bound Sar- dinia ? What large island is embraced in this kingdom % Am. Sardinia. What is the population of the kingdom % Cities. — What is the capital, and how is it situated ? Where is Genoa, formerly a celebrated commercial re- public ; and the birth-place of Columbus % Alessandria, near to which, on the 14th of June, 1800, was fought the battle of Marengo % What cities on the island of Sar- dinia ? Venitian Lombardy, or the kingdom of Lombardy and Venice, has no political existence ; it is a general name applied to Austrian Italy. As it is an integral portion of Austria, we will defer its study until we come to that empire. DUCHY OF PARMA. Bound it. What is its population 1 What is its capital, and how is it situated 1 DUCHY OF MODENA. Bound Modena. What is its population % What is its capital, and how is it situated. GRAND DUCHY OF TUSCANY. Bound it. What is its population 1 What is its capital, and how situated % Where is Leghorn, the chief commercial city of Italy, noted for its manufacture of straw hats % Where are Siena, Lucca and Pisa, republics of the middle ages % Where is Piombino ? 79 STATES OF THE CHURCH, OR THE POPEDOM. Bound them. What is their capital, and how is it situated ? Where is Ancona, the chief seaport 1 Civita Vecchia, the second seaport \ Ravenna % Where is Bologna the next populous city to Rome'? Loretto ? Terracina 1 Rimini, the first town occupied by Caesar, after crossing the Rubicon % Where is San Marino, the oldest republic in existence 1 The Kingdom of Naples, or the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, comprises the whole southern part of Italy, the island of Sicily, and some small adjacent islands. What division on the north of Naples 1 What is the capital of this kingdom (noted for its beautiful bay), and how is it situated ? What towns on the Gulf of Venice ! Where is Gaeta, a strongly fortified seaport ? Aquila ? Salerno, anciently the seat of the great medical school of Europe ? Taranto 1 Messina ! Palermo ? What volcano in Naples ? How high is it ? What volcano in Sicily 1 How high is it % Where is Stromboli, called on account of its constant activity, " The Light-House of the Medi- terranean 1 Arts. On the island of Stromboli, one of the Lipari group ? What is the population of the kingdom ? LESSON XLIV. MAP OF EUROPE AND OF GREECE. KINGDOM OF GREECE. Land.— Bound Greece. What is its population? What natural division is it ? How is the peninsula of Morea, the ancient Peloponnesus, formed ? What cape at its southern extremity ? What isthmus connects Morea with the upper peninsula ? Ans. Corinth. Where is 80 the island of Negropont % Syria ? Santorin, noted for its wines ? Milo, for its fine harbor, and trade 1 Tinos, and Andros, noted for their silks, fruits, and wines % . What other islands in this Archipelago ? What cele- brated mountain on the northern peninsula % Cities. — Where is Athens, the capital, anciently the seat of learning 1 Where is Corinth, to the church of which St. Paul addressed two epistles ? Navarino, noted for the battle in its bay, Oct., 1827, in which the com- bined English, French, and Russian fleets, destroyed the Turkish fleet ; and thus led to the acknowledgement of the independence of Greece % Arcadia ? What other towns on the Morea % Where is Hermopolis ? Lepanto 1 What other towns on the upper peninsula ? Water. — What gulf nearly insulates Greece 1 What sea on the south, and west ? On the east % What gulfs I indent the eastern coast ? The western % IONIAN REPUBLIC. Land. — What group of islands west, and south of I Greece ? What is their number ? What are their names ? What is their population ? What is their government % Ans. An Aristocratic Republic, under the protection of Great Britain. Cities. — Where is Corfu, the capital, and one of the British naval stations % Where is Zante, noted for its commerce, and for the Zante currants, which are pro- duced in great abundance in the surrounding country ? j Argostoli ? Lixuri ? Capsali 1 Water. — In what sea do these islands lie ? MAP OF EUROPE. TURKEY. Land. — Bound Turkey. What is its population 1 What mountains on the north ? What, intersect Turkey | from east to west ? Where is the island of Candia % Lemnos ? 81 Cities. — What is the capital, and how is it situated 1 Where is Adrianople, the second city in Turkey, noted for its manufacture of leather ? Salonica, the ancient Thessalonica 1 Belgrade, the capital of the tributary principality of Servia 1 Bucharest, the capital of the tributary principality of Wallachia T Jassy, the capital of the tributary principality of Moldavia ? Sophia, an important trading and manufacturing town ? Silistria % Candia 1 Middin ? Varna, a seaport ? Seres, noted for its commerce, its manufactures, and for the cotton plan- tations in its neighborhood 1 Larissa 1 Joanina ? Ibaila ? Burgas % Water. — What sea on the east ? What two on the south ? What one west ? What gulf west ? What waters are connected by the Strait of Otranto 1 Darda- nelles ? Bosphorus ? What river forms the boundary between Turkey and Russia % What, crosses the northern part of Turkey % Where does the Pruth rise, what course does it take, through what countries does it run, and where does it empty 1 Danube % How long is the Pruth % Danube % LESSON XLV. MAP OF EUROPE, AND OF CENTRAL EUROPE. GERMANY. Land. — What states constitute Germany 1 flow is Germany bounded 1 Ans. On the north, by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic; on the east, by Russian, Austrian, and Prussian, Poland ; on the south, by the Gulf of Venice, Italy, and Switzerland ; and on the west, by France, Belgium, and Holland. What island in the Baltic belonging to Prussia % What mountains between 82 moss's questions. Austria and Prussia ? Austria and Saxony 1 Austria and Turkey ? Austria and Italy % Austria and Bavaria 1 What ranges in Austria ? Water. — What two seas on the north? What gulf on the south % What lakes in Germany ? What outlets have they ? Name the rivers of Germany ? Where does the Rhine rise, what course does it take, through what countries does it flow, and where does it empty ? Weser % Elbe ? Oder % Danube 1 What large branch has the Rhine from the east ? What branches has the Elbe ? Danube ? What branch has the Po in Ger- many ? What river forms part of the boundary between Germany and France % EMPIRE OF AUSTRIA. What divisions of Austria belong to Germany % Ans. Bohemia, in the northwest, — capital, Prague; Austria proper, both sides of the Danube, bordering on Bavaria, Bohemia, and Hungary, — capitals, Vienna, and Lintz; Styria, south of Austria, — capital, Gratz; Illyria, be- tween Styria and Venetian Lombardy, — capital, Inns- pruck ; and Moravia, between Bohemia and Hungary, — capital, Brunn. What divisions of Austria have no political connection with Germany 1 Ans. Hungary, (including Croatia, between the Drave and the Gulf of Venice, — capital, Agram; and Slavonia, between the Drave, Danube, and Save rivers, — capital, Esseck ;) between Turkey and Austria proper, — capital, Buda; Galicia, or Austrian Poland, (including, since 1846, the former republic of Cracow) — capital, Lemberg j Transylvania, between Hungary and the Turkish pro- vince of Moldavia, — capital, Clausenburg; Dalmatia, between Turkey and the Gulf of Venice, — capital, Zara ; and Venetian Lombardy, or Austrian Italy, — capital, Milan. Bound Austria. What is its population ? moss's questions. 83 j Cities. — What is its capital, and how is it situated 1 ! Where is Venice, the capital of an ancient republic, noted ij for its beautiful situation on 136 small islands; and for i the wealth and commercial enterprise of its former in- ! habitants % Where is Milan, the silk market of Lom- ! bardy % Mantua % Verona, noted for its silk manufac- I' tures ? Padua, for its university ? Austerlitz, for the ! battle, gained by the French, under Bonaparte, over the ; combined Austrian and Russian armies, December 2nd, | 1805 % Prague, the capital of Bohemia, one of the most !; important manufacturing and commercial towns in Aus- j tria % Innspruck % Troppau ? Brunn 1 Cracow % ! Pesth and Buda ? Salzburg'? Zara? Lintz 1 Presburg? ! Trieste, the principal seaport of Austria and South j Germany 1 Eger ? Gratz ? Trent, noted for the great I ecclesiastical council of 1545 % Hermanstadt % Clausen- i| burg % Carlstadt 1 Olmutz, noted for its strong for- tress in which Lafayette was imprisoned in 17941 LESSON XLVL MAP OF EUROPE. AND OF CENTRAL EUROPE. KINGDOM OF PRUSSIA. By what kingdom is -Prussia divided? What is the population of Prussia? Bound East Prussia. What three provinces are marked on the map 1 What two not included in Germany lie east of these? Ans. Prussia proper, east of Pomerania and Brandenburgh, along the Baltic ; and Posen, or Prussian Poland, south of Prussia proper. What Province between Brandenburgh and Hanover % Ans. Saxony. What Swiss Canton is "claimed by Prus- 84 moss's questions. sia? Am. Neuchatel. Bound West Prussia. What two Provinces in West Prussia ? Cities. — What is the capital of Prussia, and how is it situated ? Where is Magdeburg, a large inland commer- cial town ? Breslau, the second city in Prussia in im- portance, and the greatest wool market in Germany ? Frankfort ? Stettin, the chief seaport of Prussia ? Pots- dam ? Brandenburgh? Posen? Dantzick, an important seaport ? Konigsberg, the seat of a university ? Cologne, noted for its cathedral, trade, and manufacture of Cologne water ? Aix la Chapelle, for the great treaty of 1748 % Coblentz, for its strong fortifications'? Elberfeld, the greatest manufacturing town in Prussia; noted for its silk and cotton goods, and for its dyeing establishments? Dusseldorf, for the celebrated gallery of paintings bearing its name? Wosel? Saarlouis? Treves? KINGDOM OF HANOVER. Bound it. What is its population ? Cities. — What is its capital, and how is it situated ? Where is Embden, an important commercial city ? Osnaburg ? Gottingen, noted for its university, and other literary institutions ? Lunenburg, for its salt works ? Soltan ? KINGDOM OF SAXONY. Bound Saxony. What is its population? Cities. — What is the capital, and how is it situated? Where is Meissen, noted for its manufacture of " Dresden China?" Leipsic, next to Hamburg, the most commercial city of Germany; and the great German book mart? Freiburg, noted for its extensive silver mines ? Bautzen, for its manufacture of linen, paper, and leather ? KINGDOM OF BAVARIA. Bound Bavaria. On which bank of the Rhine does a portion of it lie ? What is its population ? Cities. — What is its capital, and how is it situated? 85 [Munich is, on account of its literary institutions, called the Athens of South Germany. Its galleries of paintings are among the most extensive and valuable in the world.] Where is Augsburg ? Wurzburg ? Nuremburg, the most important trading and manufacturing town in Bavaria % Bayreuth'? Passau? Wasserburg? Weitheim'? Ingol- stadt % Anspack •? Bamberg % Spire % KINGDOM OF WIRTEMBERG. Bound Wirtemberg. What is its population ? Cities. — What is its capital, and how is it situated ? Where is Ulm % Heilbronn ! Esslingen ? Reutlingen ? LESSON XLVII. MAP OF CENTRAL EUROPE. GRAND DUCHY OF BADEN. Bound Baden. On which bank of the Rhine does it lie ? What is its population 1 Cities. — What is its capital, and how is it situated 1 Where is Freiburg, the seat of a university ? Manheim ? Heidelburg? [noted for the ruins of its strong castle, in one of the cellars of which is the celebrated Heidelburg tun, a wine cask which is capable of holding 800 hhds. of wine?} Baden (usually styled Baden Baden), on account of its hot springs, one of the most frequented watering places in Germany % Constance % GRAND DUCHY OF OLDENBURG. What kingdom nearly surrounds Oldenburg ? What other territories are embraced in the Grand Duchy'? Ans. The principality of Lubec, near the city of tne same name, surrounded by Holstein; and the principality of Birkenfeld, near the city of Treves. [These two princi- palities are each marked XIX on the map.] 8 86 moss's questions. What is the population of the Grand Duchy of Olden- burg 1 What is its capital, and how is it situated ? Where is Kniphausen 1 GRAND DUCHY OF HESSE, OR HESSE DARMSTADT. What two rivers intersect this Grand Duchy % What countries surround it ? What is its population % Cities. — What* is its capital, and how is it situated 1 Where is Mentz, or Mayence, which contains the strong- est fortress in Germany, and is noted as the birth-place of Guttenberg, the inventor of the art of printing % Where is Giessen, noted for its literary institutions % GRAND DUCHY OF S AXE-WEIMAR. By what countries is it surrounded ? What is its population % What is its capital, and how is it situated ? Where is Jena, noted for the terrible battle of the 14th of October, 1806, gained by the French, under Napoleon, over the Prussians, in which the latter lost in killed and prisoners upwards of 20,000 men ? On what river does the other portion of the duchy lie % GRAND DUCHY OF MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN. Bound this duchy. What is its population V Cities. — What is its capital, and how is it situated 1 What two commercial towns in the north % What town in the south % GRAND DUCHY OF MECKLENBURG-STRELTTZ. How is it bounded % What is its population * Bor- dering on what sea, of the Grand Duchy is the principal- ity of Ratzeburg, a detached portion of the Grand Du- chy % What is the capital, and in which territory is it 2 DUCHY OF NASSAU. Bound Nassau. On what two rivers does it lie 1 87 What is its population % On what river is Wiesbaden, the capital, noted lor its mineral waters ? DUCHY OF SAXE-MEININGEN-HILDBURGHAUSEN. By what territories is this duchy surrounded ? What is its population 1 [Its capital is Meiningen.] DUCHY OF SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA. How is this duchy separated % What is the name of its western division ? Ans. Duchy Coburg. Of its eastern division % Ans. Duchy Gotha. What is the capital of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, and in which province is it ? What is the population of the duchy % [Prince Albert, the husband of the Queen of England, is a native of this duchy.] DUCHY OF SAXE-ALTENBURG. Where is it situated % What is its capital and chief town % What is the population of the duchy % DUCHY OF ANHALT-BERNBURG. Where is this duchy 1 How many divisions are there % What is the capital, and in which division is it \ DUCHY OF ANHALT-DESSAU. What river intersects this duchy ? By what kingdom is it nearly surrounded % What is its capital, and how is it situated ? DUCHY OF ANHALT-COTHEN. Between what two duchies does this lie % What is its population % What is its capital % [Since 1847 this duchy has been under the common government of the Duchies of Bernburg and Dessau.] 88 LESSON XLVIir. MAP OF CENTRAL EUROPE. DANISH GERMANY, OR THE DUCHIES OF HOLSTEIN AND LAUENBURG. With what crown are these duchies connected ? Ans. Denmark. What river forms the south-western boundary'? From what kingdom does it separate them? What grand duchy on the southeast ? What sea on the west T On the east ? What is the population of Holstein ? Where is Lau- enburg situated % Ans. In the southeast, bordering on Holstein and Mecklenburg, and separated from Hanover by the Elbe. What is its population ! Ans. 47,000. [For cities, see Denmark.] DUCHV OF BRUNSWICK. How many divisions of this duchy are marked on the map ? By what kingdom is it nearly surrounded 1 What is its population ? What is its capital, and on a branch of what river is it situated ? GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBURG. Where is this duchy situated % What is its popula- tion % Between what two kingdoms has it been divided % Which has the eastern half ? Which the western 1 In which division is Luxemburg, the capital, noted for its fortress % ELECTORATE OF HESSE, OR HESSE-CASSEL. What countries surround it ? What is its population 1 Cities. — What is its capital, and where is it situated ? Where is Fulda, noted for its linen and other manufac- tures % Where is Hanau, noted for the battle between the allied Austrian and Bavarian armies, and the French army under Napoleon, in which the former were defeated with a loss of 10,000 men'? [It was from Hesse-Cassel that moss's questions. 89 the British government obtained the "Hessians" who fought against the Americans during the Kevolution.] LANDGRAVIATE OF HESSE, OR HESSE-HOMBURG. This small monarchy consists of two territories sepa- rated from each other by the Duchy of Nassau. The united area is but 128 square miles. Homburg, the resi- dence of the landgrave, is a few miles north of Frank- fort-on-the-Mayne ; it is noted as a watering-place. The western division of the Landgraviate is on the left bank of the Rhine, bordering on the western territories of Prussia, Bavaria, and Oldenburg. PRINCIPALITIES. Where is the Principality of Liechtenstein, the small- est of the German States ? What is its population 1 [Its capital is Leichtenstein.] Where is the Principality of Waldeck 1 Into how many sections is it divided 1 Ans. Two ; one marked on the map, and the other about thirty miles north of it. What is its population 1 Where is Arolsen, its capital ? What other town in the Principality ? Where are the Principalities of Reuss % . What are their names 1 What is the population of each % What is the capital of Reuss-Greiz, and on a branch of what river is it situated 1 What is the capital of Russ-Schleiz 1 Ans. Schleiz. What other town in this Principality 1 Where are the Principalities of Schwarzburg % What is the name of the northern one % Of the southern ? What is the population of Saundershausen % What is its capital? What is the population of Rudolstadt'? What is its capital ? Ans. Rudolstadt. Where is the Principality of Lippe-Detmold 1 What is its population % What is its capital % Where is the Principality of Schaumbtjrg-Lippe ? On what river is it situated 1 What is its population ? What is its capital % Ans. Bueckeburg. 8* 90 moss's questions. Where are the Principalities of Hohenzollern % What is the capital of Hohenzollern- Sigmaringen, and on what river is it ? What is the population of the Princi- pality 1 What other towns does it contain % What is the population of the Principality of Hohenzollern- Hechingen 1 What is its capital ? FREE CITIES. Where is Frankfort, the former capital of Germany 1 What is its population % How large is the territory of this city % Ans. 42J square miles. Where is Lubec ? What is its population ? How many square miles in its territory ? Ans. 117J. Where is Hamburg, the chief commercial city of Germany ? What is its population ? What is the area of its territory % Ans. 106 J square miles. What ter- ritory (on the Elbe, southeast of Hamburg) has Hamburg in common with Lubec ? Ans. Bergedorf. Where is Bremen, the next German commercial city to Hamburg, noted as the European terminus of a line of New York steamships 1 On both sides of what river does it lie i What is its population % What is the area of its territory ? Ans. 106J square miles'? LESSON XLIX. MAP OF AFRICA. Bound Africa. What natural division is it? What prevents it from being an island 1 With what other grand division is it connected % Capes, Islands, &c. — What is the most northern cape of Africa % Southern 1 Eastern ? Western ? What capes project into the Atlantic ? Into the Indian % 91 What cluster of islands west of Portugal ? What are their names, and to what eountry do they belong 1 What cluster southeast of these 1 What are their names, and to what country do they belong 1 What cluster south of these ? What are their names, and to what nation do they belong? What is the longitude and latitude of Ascension Island ? St. Helena ? To what nation do these islands belong ! For what is the latter one famous ? Ans. As the place of exile and death of Bonaparte. What large island east of Africa ? Where are the Co- moro islands ? What two noted islands east of Mada- gascar] To what nations do they belong ? What islands north of Madagascar ? What Portuguese islands in the Gulf of Guiana ? By whom was the passage around the Cape of Good Hope discovered'? Ans. By Vasco de Gama, a Portuguese navigator, in 1498. Mountains, &c. — What mountains in the north of Africa ? What is their length and height ? What moun- tains cross the centre from east to west ? How long and high are they ? What mountains in the south % How high are they ? What chain in the east ? In the west ? What is the length and width of the Great Desert? What is the northeastern portion called ? Where fc? the Nubian Desert ? Great Southern Desert ? Oceans, Seas, &c. — What ocean on the west of Africa ? What on the east ? What sea on the north 1 On the northeast? What archipelago on the east? What large gulf on the west ? What smaller gulfs ? What gulfs on the north ? What bays on the southeast ? On the west ? Where is the strait of Gibraltar, and what waters does it connect ? Babelmandel ? Mozambique channel ? Lakes and Rivers. — What lakes in Africa? Name the four largest rivers of Africa in the order of their size ? Where does the Nile rise, what course does it take, and where does it empty ? Niger ? Orange ? Senegal ? What rivers empty into the Atlantic ? Into the Indian ? 92 moss's questions. TRAVELS. What would be your course, through what waters would you sail and near what islands and capes would you pass in a voyage from Cairo to Suez ? Alexandria to Mocha % Tunis to Socotra Island ? Algiers to Port Natal ? Cape Town to Cabes % Tangier to Comoro Islands ? Monro- via to Damietta % LESSON L. MAP OF AFRICA. Barbary States. — Which are the Barbary States 1 What part of Africa do they occupy 1 Which is the most eastern 1 western ? What is their population % Why are they called the Barbary States % Ans. From the name of their ancient inhabitants, the Berbers. morocco. Bound Morocco — Cities. — What is its capital 1 Where is Tangier % Mogadore, a noted seaport ? Fez, noted for its Morocco leather, and as an ancient seat of learning 1 Mequinez % Noun % Salee % Santa Cruz 1 ALGERIA, OR ALGIERS. Bound Algiers. — To what European nation does it now belong % Ans. To France. Cities. — What is its capital 1 Where is Constantina 1 What other towns in Algiers ? By what name was the northern part of Algiers known in ancient geography ? Ans. Numidia. TUNIS. Bound Tunis. — Cities. — What is its capital 1 Where is Kairvan, anciently a seat of Arabian literature 1 moss's questions. 93 Cabes 1 Where did Carthage, the mighty rival of Rome, formerly stand ? Ans On the coast of the peninsula north of the city of Tunis. TRIPOLI. Which is the most eastern of the Barbary States ? Bound Tripoli. — Cities. — What is its capital, and how is it situated % What other town in Tripoli % What province ofi the east % What is the capital of Barca ? Where is Bengazi 1 What town on the south % What province south of Tripoli % What natural division is Fezzan % What is its capital city ? What town on the caravan route between it and Tripoli ? Bound Egypt. — Cities, &c. — What is its capital, and how is it situated ? What is its population ? What commercial city on the northwest, named from its distin- guished founder 1 What towns east of this last 1 Where is Thebes, noted for the extent and magnificence of her ruined temples and palaces % What other towns on the Nile ? Where is the oasis of Siouvah (Sivah), noted for its temple of Jupiler Ammon % What other oases in Egypt % What seaport at the head of the Red Sea ? [This port was anciently connected with the Nile by a canal, the remains of which are still visible. It has been proposed, and will probably soon be carried into effect, to re-open this canal, and thus form a short and direct water communication between Europe and the Indies.] What tributary province on the south of Egypt 1 What are its divisions % What cities does it eontain, and how are they situated ? What desert between the Nile and the Red Sea % Rivers. — What are the branches of the Nile % How far above the mouth of the Nile is its first branch % Ans. About 1200 miles. 94 moss's questions. abyssinia. i This country, like Italy, Arabia, and most of the coun-[ tries of Africa, has merely a geographical existence. ,; Though formerly a powerful empire, it is now split up ,, into many petty kingdoms, which are continually at war| f with each other. How is Abyssinia bounded ? What J towns does it contain % What mountains extend into it % ' What small lake in Abyssinia % BERBERA. By what general name are the countries between' Abyssinia and the Indian Ocean, known % Name these j countries. ZANGUEBAR. What countries south of Berbera % What towns does!! it contain % What islands on the coast % I LESSON II. MAP OF AFRICA. MOZAMBIQUE. Bound Mozambique. What European nation claims f it % Ans. Portugal. What settlements on the coast I Which of these is the capital % What use do the Portu-j guese make of this country % Ans. From it they obtain; slaves, which are sold in Brazil and Arabia. i SOUTH AFRICA. By what nation is nearly the whole of the country! lying south of Mozambique, and between the Indian and| Atlantic oceans claimed % Ans. The English. What[ are the divisions of it as marked on the map % What| 95 I important river in South Africa % What mountains ? S Into what ocean does the Cape of Good Hope project % \ What cape southeast, the most southern land of Africa ? j What is the capital of Cape Colony, and how is it I situated ? What towns on the south coast % What is | the population of the colony ? What two small bays on the western coast % What one on the southeast 1 What town in CarTraria % In South Africa 1 By what names are the natives of South Africa known ? What city in South America has the same latitude as Cape L'Agulhas ? . MADAGASCAR. What large island off the east coast of Africa % In 'what ocean is it 1 What channel separates it from Mozambique % What Archipelago on the north % What is the population of the Kingdom of Madagascar % What is the capital 1 What other towns does it contain 1 How long is the island % What cape north % What cape south ? What cape southwest ? ETHIOPIA. By what name are the southern, interior regions of Africa known 1 Are we well acquainted with this country ? By what tribes are the parts of which we have some little knowledge inhabited % What large lake and tributary river has been recently discovered in the south, by a British missionary % Ans. Lake Ngami, and the Zonga river. LOWER GUINEA. What is the country called which is bounded on the north by the mountains of the Moon, east and south by Ethiopia, and west by the Atlantic % What kingdom in the south ? What settlement have the Portuguese on the coast % [The most of the towns on the coast are Portuguese slave marts.] What kingdom north of Ben- guela 1 What is its capital % What is the capital of 96 moss's questions. Congo % Of Loango % What other town on the coast 1 What "countries in Lower Guinea, north of Loango ? Bound Guinea. What kingdoms does it comprise % Which is the most eastern % What is the capital of Benin, and how is it situated ? What extensive kingdom in the west % What is the capital of Ashantee, and how is it situated ? What mountains on the north ? What town among these mountains ? What kingdom between Benin and Ashantee % What is the capital of Dahomey % Near what gulf is it % What is the principal river of Guinea 1 Where does it rise, what course does it take, and where does it empty *? How long is it? Where is the Gold Coast ? The Ivory Coast 1 What settlement have the English on the Gold Coast % Ans. Cape Coast Castle. What republic of liberated American slaves, west of Guinea % What is its capital, and how is it situated % What other towns besides Monrovia does it contain % What British liberated slave colony northwest of Libe- ria % What is its capital % SENE GAMBIA. Bound Sene Gambia. What two European govern- ments have settlements on or near the coast % Ans. The French and English. Where are the French settlements % Ans. Between the Senegal and Gambia rivers. What is their capital % Where are the English settlements 1 Ans. On and near the Gambia river. Where is Bathurst the capital ? What other towns in Sene Gambia I What desert on the north ? From what do you think the name Sene Gambia is formed % How long is the Senegal river 1 What islands off Cape Verde ! 97 SOUDAN. By what name is Central Africa known % What mountains form its southern boundary ? What forms its northern. % What country on the east % On the west 1 What two large rivers have their sources in Soudan % Where do these rivers empty % What lake in the north % Name the kingdoms in Soudan. What large towns on the Niger and its branches 1 Which one of these is noted for its trade, and as the grand terminus of the caravan routes from the north ? What towns on or near Lake Tchad ? What towns in the eastern part of Soudan ? By what other name is Soudan known ? Ans. Nigritia. LESSON in. MAP OF ASIA. ASIA. Bound Asia. How does it rank with the other grand divisions of the earth 1 Ans. It is the largest in size, and contains the most inhabitants. Capes, Islands, &c. — Into what waters do the capes project ? What is the most northern cape of Asia ? What other capes on the north % What is the most eastern cape % What other capes on the east % What cape south of Hin- dostan % Where is the Malay Peninsula % Corea ! Kamtschatka % Can you trace out any other peninsulas in Asia % North East C % C. Sviatoi ? C. Chelagskoi 1 East C % C. Navarin % L. Lopatka? C. Engano ? C. Ne- grais? C. Comorin'? Dondra Hd.'? By what waters are the islands surrounded % Where are the Japan islands % W T hich is the largest and most important 1 Name the others 1 Where are the Philippine is- lands 1 To what nation do these belong i Ans. To 9 98 moss's questions. Spain ? Which is the largest of the group ? Which ranks next in size ? On which island is Manilla the cap- ital of the Philippines ? What large island south-west of this group ? How does it rank among the islands of the world? Ans. Next to Australia. What European kingdom has acquired a sovereignty over a large portion of this island ? Ans. Holland. What towns in Borneo % What large island east ? What town is the capital of the Dutch settlements ? What island, noted for its coffee, 6outh of Borneo 1 To what nation does this belong ? Ans. To the Dutch. What is the capital? What im- portant island north-west of Java, noted for its pepper ? What European nation has settlements in Sumatra ? Ans. The Dutch. In what Grand Division are all of the above islands excepting the Japan ? Ans. Oceanica. What islands on the coast of China? What British island, south of Hindostan, noted for its cinnamon? What islands north of Siberia? What one south of Arabia ? What two clusters south-west of Hindostan ? Mountains. — What two chains of mountains separate Europe from Asia ? In what directions do they run, and how long and high are they ? What mountains in Tur- key ? What noted one in the northeast ? What at the head of the Red Sea, in Arabia ? What mountains be- tween Siberia and the" Chinese Empire? What is the length and height of the Altay ? Where are the Himmalah mountains, the highest in the world ? How iong and high are they ? What is the name of their highest peak ? Ans. Dhawalageri. What mountains in the southwest of Hindostan? In which countries are deserts marked ? What is the character of the Persian desert l 99 LESSON ML MAP OF ASIA. Ocean, Seas, &c. — What ocean on the north 1 On the east ? On the south ? What sea on the north-west ? What two on the north-east ? Where is the Japan Sea ? Yellow ? Sea of Arabia'? Red Sea? Black Sea/? Mediterranean ? Java ? Sea of Celebes ? Where is the Persian Gulf? Gulf of Oman? Bay of Bengal? Gulf of Siam? Tonquin ? Manar ? Anadir? Obi? Straits. — What waters are connected, and countries separated by the Strait of Babelmandel ? Malacca ? Sunda ? Macassar ? Corea ? Sangar ? Behrings ? (What is the width of this strait ?) Channel of Tartary; ? Lakes and Rivers. — What large salt lakes, or seas, in the west ? How long is the Caspian Sea ? Sea of Aral ? What other large lake in Tartary ? What large lake in the south of Siberia ? What lakes in the Chinese Em- pire? What large river forms part of the boundary be- tween Asia and Europe ? Where does the Ural rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty, and how long is it? Sihon ? Obi? Yenesei ? Olensk? Lena ? Amour ? Hoang Ho ? Yang tse Kiang ? Cam- bodia ? Irrawaddy ? Burrampooter ? Ganges ? Indus ? Euphrates? Tigris? TRAVELS. Through what waters, and near what islands and capes would you pass in a voyage from the mouth of Obi R. to Suez ? Northeast C. to Bagdad ? Bombay to Nova Zembla ? East C. to Madras ? Jeddo to Mocha ? Canton to Bushire ? Bankok to Cambay ? Calcutta to Manilla ? Batavia to Behring's Strait ? Ceylon to I. of Jesso ? 100 MOSS'S QUESTIONS. POLITICAL DIVISIONS. Name the Political Divisions of Asia. Which is the most northern % eastern ? western % southern ? Which border on the Pacific V Indian ? Which on Europe ? Africa ? SIBERIA. Bound Siberia. Of what empire is it a part % What is it chiefly used for by Russia % Ans. As a place of ex- ile, for those persons who have fallen under the dis- pleasure of the government. In what two zones does lie ? What is its population 1 How is Tobolsk, the capital of West Siberia situated % Where is Yakutsk, noted for its fur trade ? Irtousk (properly Irkutsk) the capital of Eastern Siberia, noted for its trade with China and Russia ? CHINESE EMPIRE. Bound the Chinese Empire. What are its divisions ? Cities. — What is the capital, and how is it situated ? What is its population'? What celebrated structure is near it 1 How long and how high is it % What large city near the mouth of the Yangtse Kiang % Where is Canton, noted for its trade in teas, and silks; and as being the chief port open to European and American commerce? On what island is the Portuguese city of Macao ? What other large cities in China i What is the population of China ? What is the capital of Thibet 1 What cities in Chinese Tartary % moss's questions. 101 LESSON LIV. MAP OF ASIA. INDIA. What extensive country south of the Chinese Empire ? What river forms its western boundary ? What is that portion of it lying between the Indus and Burrampooter rivers called ? What mountains form its northern boundary. What natural division is it? What three empires are embraced in the eastern portion of India ? What natural division does this division form ? EMPIRE OF ANAM. Bound Anam. What is its population? What is its capital, and how is it situated ? What three divisions has this empire ? Ans. Tonquin, in the north ; Cochin China, in the east j and Cambodia in the south. What town in the north, the chief town of Tonquin 1 What town in the southeast, the chief town of Cambodia 1 What is the population of the empire % What is the name and length of its principal river ? EMPIRE OF SIAM. Bound Siam. What is its population ? What penin- sula on the south ? How much of this peninsula is claimed by Siam % Ans. To the sixth degree of south latitude. What British colony and town of the same name on the southwestern part of the peninsula? What large commercial city, belonging to Great Britain, on a small island at the extremity of the peninsula ? What is the capital of Siam, and how is it situated 1 What town north of it ? What British town northwest of this last? 9* 102 moss's questions. EMPIRE OF BIRMAH. Bound Birmah. What is its population ? What is its capital, and how is it situated % What town northeast % What seaport on the south % What town north of it % What large river in Birmah % How long is it 1 HINDOSTAN. Bound Hindostan. What is its population % To what government is it mostly subject ? Ans. The English. How is that part of Hindostan, directly under the control of the English, divided? Ans. Into the three pre- sidencies of Bengal, Madras, and Bombay. Bengal occupies the northeastern part, and includes the British settlements in Birmah and Siam ; Madras oc- cupies the southeastern ; and Bombay the western part. Cities. — What is the capital of Bengal, and the resi- dence of the Governor General of British India 1 How is it situated ? What is the capital of Madras, and how is it situated % Of Bombay, and how is it situated ? Where is Delhi, the ancient capital of the Great Mogul empire 1 What large city north 1 What cities on the Ganges and its branches ? Where is Hydrabad % Poonah ? Nagpoor ? Pondicherry, the capital of the French settlements at Hindostan % Benares the Mecca of the Hindoos % Goa, the capital of the Portuguese settle- ments ? Seringapatam % Man galore % Dacca? Cash- mere, noted for its beautiful shawls 1 What is the south- western coast called ? The southeastern % What large island south of Hindostan ? What two clusters south- west ? In what zones does Hindostan lie 1 moss's questions. 103 LESSON LV. MAP OF ASIA. BELOOCHISTAN AND AFGHANISTAN. Bound Beloochistan. What is its population ? What is the capital, and how is it situated ? What other towns in Beloochistan 1 Bound Afghanistan. What is its population % (This country is divided into several small kingdoms, which are continually warring with each other.) What cities are marked as capitals'? What important city in the northeast. What city southwest of Caubul 1 What river and lake in Afghanistan % PERSIA. Bound Persia. What is its population ? What is the capital, and how is it situated ? Where is Ispahan the former capital % Balfroosh, noted for its commerce 1 What city east of Balfroosh % What west ? What ports on the Persian Gulf % The ruins of what noted city in Persia % GEORGIA. What Russian Province occupies the southern part of the isthmus, between the Black and Caspian Seas ? What mountains separate it from Circassia on the north ? Where is Teflis the capital? What other towns in Georgia 1 What river 1 independent tartary. Bound Independent Tartary. What is its popula- tion ? What lake or sea on the west ? What is its 104 length % What river does it receive on the northeast ? How long is it % What other salt lake in Independent Tartary ? How long is it % What large river does it receive from the east ? From the south f How long are these rivers ? What lake in the east ? What is its length ? What are the political divisions of this country 1 What is the capital of Khokan, and how is it situated ? Of Bokhara ? Of Khiva ? Where is Samarcand noted for its former grandeur, and as the great seat of Asiatic learning ? What other towns in Independent Tartary % TURKEY. Bound Turkey. What is its population 1 What city is the capital of European and Asiatic Turkey ? How is it situated % What noted city in the southwest % What large city north % Where is Bagdad, an ancient capital of the Mohammedan empire 1 Smyrna 1 Aleppo ? Mosul 1 (Opposite this city is the supposed site of ancient Nineveh.) Armasia? Bassora 1 Where is the island of Cyprus ? To what country does it helong ? Ans. To Egypt. What countries does Turkey comprise % Ans. Palestine, Syria and Armenia. What was the peninsula between the Black and Mediterranean Seas called 1 Ans. Asia Minor ? By what name is the Mediterranean coast of Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt known ? Arts. The Levant. ARABIA. Bound Arabia. What is its population ? How is Arabia connected with Africa % What natural division is Arabia ? What is the character of a large portion of its surface ? What cape on the southeast ? Into what sea does it project ? To what nation does the district Hedja belong 1 Ans. To Egypt. What towns does it contain'? What district south of Hedja'? What towns in Yemen % What district west of moss's questions. 105 Hedja ? What towns does it 'contain ? What district south of Ned jed ? What towns in Oman ! Where is Mecca, noted as the birthplace of Mahomet, and for the pilgrimages of his followers ? Medina, as his place of burial ? What noted seaport on the Gulf of Oman ? What town, noted for its coffee, near the strait of Babel- mandel ? What seaport southeast of it belonging to the British? LESSON LVI. MAP OF OCEANICA. OCEANIC A. In what ocean is this grand division situated ? How long and wide is this ocean ? Between what other grand division is Oceanica ? Name its three divisions ? MALAYSIA. What does Malaysia comprise ? Arts. The Asiatic islands of Oceanica, or those lying between Australia and Asia. For what are these islands chiefly valuable ? Ans. For their spices. What Spanish group in the north ? What is their population ? Where are the Molucca or Spice Islands ? What noted island west of these 1 What is its population ? What other large island in the south of Malaysia ? What is the population of Borneo 1 Suma- tra ? Java? In what zone is Malaysia? What sea between Malaysia and China ? Between Java and Cele- bes? What archipelago between Borneo and the Phil li- pines ? Where is the strait of Malacca ? Sunda ? AUSTRALASIA. What part of Oceanica does Australasia occupy ? In what ocean does it lie ? What ocean on the west ? South? What large island or continent does it contain? To what government does it belong ? What is its popu-' 106 lation ? What capes on the north ? West 1 East ? South ? What rivers in the south 1 What are the divi- sions of Australia'? What parts do they occupy? What colony in tr.e southwest ? What towns does it con- tain ? What town in New South Wales 1 What town in South Australia, near Bass strait % What noted island south of Australia ? What towns does it contain % What is its population ? What use has England, to a great extent, made of these islands ? .4ns. To colonize her convicts. What large island north of Australia'? What clusters of islands northeast of Australia? What large islands southeast of Australia? What are their native names ? What are they called by the British set- tlers ? Am. The northern one, New Ulster; the southern New Minister; and the small island south (Stewart's Island), New Leinster. What is the capital of New Zea- land ? Ans. Auckland, on New Ulster. Where is Nor- folk Island, a penal settlement of England ! What lan< is indented by the Gulf of Carpentaria 1 What wate are connected and land separated by Bass strait ? Torre* Cook's % What sea between New Hebrides and Australia POLYNESIA. What part of Oceanica does Polynesia occupy ? What great circle divides it into Northern and Southern Poly- nesia ? NORTHERN POLYNESIA. Where are the Caroline islands 1 What islands com- pose this group % Where are the Sandwich islands ? What islands in this group ? On which was Capt. Cook killed ? Where are the Ladrone islands % Mulgrave ? Where is Anson's archipelago? Magellan's archipelago ? Where are Christmas, New York, and America islands ! SOUTHERN POLYNESIA. Where are the Washington islands ! Marquesas ? King George's 1 Society I Hervey % Navigators' ? 107 Feejee ? How many islands in this group 1 Friendly ! Where is Pitcairn's island, and for what is it noted? What groups north of the Navigators' ? What group north off Pitcairn's ? What group is crossed hy the equator'? Where is Queen Charlotte's archipelago'? Central ? What is said of Oceanica at the bottom of the map ? What continent has recently been discovered near the South Wales'? LESSON LVII. LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE. MAP OF THE UNITED STATES. What are the latitude and longitude of New York ? Washington ? Boston ? New Haven ? Charleston ? Savannah? New Orleans'? Cincinnati 1 ? St. Louis'? San Francisco ? Oregon City ? The southern extremity of Florida'? Northern extremity of Maine'? North- western extremity of the United States ? Quebec ? MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA. Rio Janeiro ? Caraccas ? Quito ? Lima ? Buenos Ayres % Cape Horn ? Cape Galenas ? Cape St. Roque % Cape Blanco % MAP OF EUROPE. London ? Lands End ? Duncansby Head ? Paris ? Madrid? Rome? Gibraltar? Berlin? Vienna? Co- penhagen ? North Cape ? MAP OF AFRICA. Cape Bon? Cape L'Agulhas ? Cape Guardafui? Cape Verde ? Cairo ? Monrovia ? (What spot on this map has neither latitude nor longitude ? Why ?) 108 MAP OF ASIA. Northeast Cape % Singapore ? Western extremity of Turkey? East Cape? Calcutta? Canton? Pekin ? Jerusalem ? Mecca ? MAP OF OCEANICA. Owyhee ? Behring's Strait ? Borneo ? Sidney ? Mar- quesas ? Hobart Town ? LESSON LVIII. How would you sail from New York to London ? Ans. I would sail down New York Bay, through the strait called " The Narrows j" by the cape, called " Sandy Hook;" into the Atlantic ocean ; across the Atlantic to the English Channel ; through the English Channel, and the Strait of Dover to the Thames river ; and up the Thames to London. From New York to Canton ? Boston to St. Petersburg ? Boston to Calcutta ? Baltimore to Vienna ? Baltimore to Monrovia? Philadelphia to Glasgow? Philadelphia to Rome ? Charleston to Cairo ? Cincin- nati to Buffalo ? St. Louis to San Francisco ? New Orleans to Havre ? Constantinople to New York ? New York to the Sandwich Islands? Galway to New Zea- land ? Liverpool to Hobart's Town ? Bristol to Edin- burgh ? Copenhagen to Iceland ? Portsmouth (Eng.) to Singapore ? Odessa to New Archangel ? Rio Janeiro to Valparaiso ? Panama to Chagres ? Bagdad to Smyrna ? New London to Juan Fernandez ? Savannah to Cape Town? Stockholm to Elba? Amsterdam to Batavia ? Lisbon to Lyons? Venice to Belfast? Suez to Alex- andria ? Syracuse to Berlin ? Hull to Archangel ? Southampton to Alexandria ? New York to Bremen ?