m ft. mm mM"^' Qass. Book COrYRICin DEPOSIT NEW YORK TO PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, WASHINGTON. ^^^. TAINTOR BROTHERS, 758 Broadway, New York. T35^^^^?Er ^J RIGAUD & CO.'S PERFUMERY RIGAUD'S NEW PERFUMES FOR THE HANDKERCHIEF Are recommended as unsurpassed by any similar articles, both for delicacy of perfume and permanence. The following are esp cially recommended : OHAMPAOA, KANANGA, ALSO ALL THE STANDARD PEEFUMES OF THE DAY. Special attention is called also to RiGAUD's Exquisite Toilet Preparations ; Dentifrices ; Preparations for the Complexion ; Pomades, Oils, and Washes for the Hair ; Fine Toilet Soaps. which are offered in great variety. Send for Rigaud & Co.'& Toilet Guide, which is mailed free by E. FOTJGERA & CO., Agents for the United States, 30 North William St., Netv Yorh. DELACRE'S CHOCOLATES. The attention of Connoisseurs in Chocolate is directed to the above Chocolates, which for purity and fine aroma are UNSURPASSED. WE NOW OFFER THE FOLLOWING QUALITIES: SANTE FIN ; SANTE SUF^FIN ; VANILLA FIN ; VANILLA SUI^FIN ; also HOMOEOPATHIC CHOCOLATE, and DELACI^E'S EX- TI\ACT OF MEAT CHOCOLATE, An excellent Tonic for Invalids and Convnlescents. Consumers unable to obtain this brand will please send their orders or inquiries to E. FOTJGERA & Co., Agents, 30 North William St., New York. THE TRAVELERS LARGEST IN THE WORLD. LIFE AND ACCIDENT ^SURANOE COMPANY, HARTFORD, CONN. H ASSETS over $3,750,000 '.PLUS TO POLICY HOLDERS, . . . 1,300,000 D IN CASH BENEFITS over .... 3,000,000 Accident Policies Written, over . . 400,000 Accident Claims Paid, over . . . 24,000 One in seventeen of the whole number insured have thus received the practical benefits of Accident Insurance. General Accident Policies, for year or month, written by Agents without delay. No medical examination required. Yearly cost, $5 to $10 per $1,000 for occupations not specially hazardous. LIFE AND ENDOWMENT INSURANCE. All approved forms at Low Cash Prices. JAMES G. BATTERSON, President. RODNEY DENNIS, Sec'y. JOHN E. MORRIS, Ass't Sec'y. XJlW YORK OFFICE, 207 BROAHWAY, Agents everywhere m United States and Canadaa. PERRY & COMPANY, MANUFACTURERS OF THE ARGAND BASE BURNER THE BELMONT RANGE, THE CXJN^RD COOK, And one hundred and twenty -five other patterns of STOVES, RANGES, AND HOT-AIR FURNACES. NEW YORK CITY, ALBANY, CHICAGO, . 86 Beekman St. 115 Hudson Ave. 15 and 17 Lake St. C. H. COVELL, 922 Broadway, N. E. Corner 21st Street, IMPORTER OF AND DEALER IN Clocks, Bronzes, F^lSrCY GOODS, CHANDELIERS AND GAS FIXTURES. AXSO, FUTURES FOE Oil LAMPS, 0/ most approved patterns. CONSTANTLY RECEIVING PER STEAMER Novelties at Popular Prices. LADIES I ASK FOR ^T^^ ONvi: 9i Q(S^ _ {Wound on White Spools.) GEORGE A. CLARK, . . . Sole Agent. And miLlTAKD'S HELIX NEEDLES in patent wrappers. They are the best in use. 'PW^ Sold Everxwheke. Phelps, Dodge & Co,, CLIFF ST., between John and Fulton, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN TIN AND ROOFING PLATES, OP ALL SIZES AlO) KINDS, PIG TIN, RUSSIA SHEET IRON, Charcoal and Common Sheet Iron, LiJBJkI>, SHEIQT ZINC, COI*I>B3£i, SPELTER, SOLDER, ANTIMONY, &c. MAiaJFACTTTREBS OP COPPER, BRASS, AND WIRB- M^^.^ ' fi^^m .^9i^;' >^'e^-^<3^X. CAW^V i^ .^wcv^ s\ . UUUiAi: 1V£*ULI Kit * An indispoosable requisite /or every Teacher^ Advanced Student^ Intelligent Family^ Library^ and Professional Person^ is THE BEST ENGLISH DIOTIONAEY. 5^^\vje\\eci^^^^ ^IGY WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED 10,000 Words and Meanings not in other Dictionaries. 3,000 Eugravings; 1,8 40 Pages Quarto. Price, $12. FOUR PAGES COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS. iV^ " The best practical English Dictionary kxt E London Quarterly Revieio, Oct., 1873. The sales of Webster's Dictionaries throughout the country J^ "R in 1873 were 20 times as large as the sales of any other Diction- ^* Saries. S One family of children having Webster's Unabridged, and •**• TH using it freely, and another not having it, the first will become JL __ much the mo«t intelligent men and women. Ask your teacher T) Fm or minister if it is not so, then buy the book and use, imd urge its g^ "ID use. freely. 22^ *•* PubUshed by ±U S G. & C. MERRIllTI, Springfield, Mas$«. 13 If SPRINGFIEiLD 9^ire and Marine insurance Co, Incorporated 1849. Charter Perpetual. NO MARINE RISKS TAKEN. Capital, ----- ^750,000.00 Caeli Assets, - - - _ 1,500,000.00 DWIGHT R. SMITH, Pres't. S. J. HALL, Sec'y. A. J. WRIGHT, Treas. BIGELOW, COIT & PECK, Agents, .... New York. ALEX. W. WISTER, Agent, Philadelphia. REED & BROTHER, Agents, Boston. Agencies also in all the principal Cities and Towns in the country. A., jr. SiAJRTiTNGr, G^en'l Agt. ^Western. Department, Chicago, 111. M:0SE3L.EY'© IVETV ITA.VE1V HOTJSE, Fronting the Park and opposite Yale College, Is owned and kept by S. H. Moseley, who for ten years was connected with the famous Massasoit House, Sprinprfield, Mass., and for five years partner of the charming Brevoort House, New York. It is the most complete, comfortable and homelike Hotel in the City, and one of the best to be found in this country. Mr. Moseley also has the Restaurant at the Railway Station, which is the best eating place for passengers between New York and Boston. All express trains stop ten minutes "t New Haven. BREVOORT HOUSE, NE^V^^ YORK. This well known Hotel is located on FIFTH AVENUE, cor. of EIGHTH STREET, Near "Washington Square. One of the most delightful situations, combining the quiet retirement of a private mansion with easy access to all parts of the city. The Brevoort has always been a FAVORITE WITH EUROPEANS visiting the United States, the plan upon which it is kept being Buch as to commend it to those accustomed to European habits. CHARLES C. WAITE, JResident Proprietor. ^W^INDSOB HOTEL, FIFTH AVENUE, 46tll & 47tll STS., K£W YORK. .HAWK, WAITE, &- VVETHERBEE, Proprietors. The Windsor is more magnificent and commodious, and contains more real comforts, than any other Hotel in America. Its location is delightful, being surrounded by the most fash- ionable residences in New York ; it is also near the famous Central Park and within three minutes' walk of the Grand Central Railway Station. The rooms, with all the modern improvements, are especially adapted for travelers ; this Hotel also has elegant apart- ments, en suite for families, permanent or transient. The light, ventilation, and sanitary cfualities are perfect, and cannot be excelled. SAMUEL HAWK, CHAS. C. WAITE, GARDNER WETHERBEE, of St. Nicholas Hotel, ofBrevoo^'t House, late of Revere House, Boston, Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Co., OF HARTFORD, CONN. Thirtieth Annual Statennent. Net Assets, January 1, 1S75 f 0S,Si:8.2G7 85 FU-rFivpn INT 107K . j For Premiums $7,165,468 55 RECEIVED IN 18^5 . ^ p^j. Interest and Rent 2,652,931 81 9,818,4ti(> 3(i 48,fi56.C,f)S 21 Disbursed in 1875 7,194.6(12 OS Balance, Net Assets, Decembeb 31, 1875 141,462,065 5} Gross assets, December 31, 1875 $43,494,650 92 Liabilities : Amount required to reinsure all outstanding policies, net, assuming 4 per cent, interest ... $38,494,0^5 00 Extra Reserve ... 197,612 00 All other liabilities 798,142 00 39,489,799 00 Surplus, December 31, 1875 $ 4,004,851 92 Increase of assets during 1875 $3,050,954 95 Ratio of expense of management to receipts in 1875 7.55 per cent. Policies in force, Dec. 31, 1875, 66,209, insuring , $186,076,842 00 JAMES GOODWIN, President. JACOB L. GREENE, Sec. JOHN M. TAYLOR, Asst. Sec. Secure yonr Valuables by Depositing in Fire and Burglar Proof Vaults, Tliorouglily Ventilated and PositlTely Free from Dampness. CENTRAL SAFE DEPOSIT CO. 71 & 73 West 23d Street, Masonic Temple Building. Silver received on deposit for the season at low rates. Packages will be Bent for and delivered FEEE OF CHAEQE. VALUABLE PAINTINGS STOEED P02 ANY LENGTH OF TIME IN A EOOM SPECIALLY FOE THE PUEPOSE. Trunks of clothing received on deposit (accessible at all times to the owner), 50 cents per month. Small Safes to rent by the year or month in Fire and Burglar Proof Vault at from |10 to $100 per year. An ex- amination of the premises is requested before depositing elsewhere. Chas. Koome, Pres. Manhattan Gas Co. ; Darius R Mangan, Pres. National Trust Co.; Edward V. Loew, Pres. Manuf. & Builders' Fire Ins. Co. ; Geo. Pancoast, Pres. Archer & Pancoast Manuf. Co.; Edward B. BuLKLEY, Pres. Jefferson Iron Co.; Alex. M. Lesley, Pres. Trades Savings Bank.; Thos. L. James, Postmaster, New York.; Geo. E. Ster- RY, Weaver & Sterry, Importers of Drugs.; Wm. H. Howell, Howell, Barr & Co., Dealers in Syrups.; Archibald Hance. Sup't Dry Dock, E. B. & B. R. R. Co.; Ellwood E. Thorne, 71 & 73 West 28d Street. EIjIjWOOJD E. TIIOBNE, President. JOHN P. ROBERTS, Sec^y dt Treas. WILLIAM A. FRAZER, Supt. NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON A Complete Guide Book OF THE ROUTE FKOM NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON ; DESCRIBING ALL STATIONS ON THE EOUTE, AND CON- TAINING A FULL DESCRIPTION OF THE THREE CITIES PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, AND WASHINGTON \ ILLUSTRATED WITR MAPS AND WOODCUTS. ,. ^ ^.(^f.'f.-^ ^H :,z^^y^ PUBLISHED BY TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., 7S8 BROAD\A/-AY, NEW YORK. COPYRICSHT, TAINTOR BROTHERS 4 CO., 1876. LE BOUTILLIER BROTHERS, 48 EAST 14t]i STEEET, NEW YOEK, IMPORTERS AND RETAILERS OP BLACK AND COLORED SILKS, DRESS GOODS OF EVERY DESCRIPTI02S , MOURNING GOODS OF ALL KINDS, LINENS AND WHITE GOODS^ HOSIERY, UNDERYESTS and DRAWERS, PARIS AND DOMESTIC UNDERGARMENTS, EMBROIDERIES, LACESi HANDKERCHIEFS, RIBBONS, NECK-WEAR, Etc. PERINOT KID CLOVES We call especial attention to our Stock, com- prising all the new and desirable styles, which we offer at the VERY LOWEST prices. Samples sent free on application. •* LE boutillieu buothers, 48 East 14th Street, . . . NEW YOB.K. 912 Chestnut Street, . PHILADELPHIA. 104 and 106 West 4th St., CINCINNATI. 2 Faubourg Poissonnier, , . . PARIS < •J .5" ft INDEX. V* Aberdeen. PAGE 64 Elizabeth Elkton .... PAGE 13 ^ Alexandria 95 22 m 65 62 !^ Andalusia Fort Washington Erankford .... 96 .... 23 Back River Georgetown 93 Saltimore 66 80 71 78 Gilson's . . . . 66 Amusements Gray's Ferry .... 56 .... 65 Cemeteries Havre de Grace 63 Charitable Institutions. Educational Institutions Hotels 74 72 80 Holly Oak Holmesburg .... 59 .... 22 9 73 Lamokin Lawrence 58 liibraries, etc 73 18 77 75 69 76 ... 57 14 Public Buildings Linwood .... 58 Public Parks. . .. Man'nolia 64 Railroad Depots Steamboat Lines . ... 80 60 .... 15 Monmouth Junction .. 17 The Water Works 78 Morrisville .... 21 80 .... 95 Bellevue . ... 59 Newark .... 10 Bell Road 57 Newark, Del 61 Bridesburg 23 21 64 15 .... 60 New York .... 8 52 New York to Washiygton New York to Philadelphia North East .... 5 Charlestowii Chase's 62 65 58 7 .... 62 Chester North Elizabeth Pennepack Perry mans ville Perryville Philadelphia .... 13 Claymont 5!) 22 .... 22 .... 64 60 .... 63 Delaware River Edgewood Edington 20 64 22 .... 24 .... 50 Asylums .... 47 INDEX. Philadelphia — page Banks 49 Benevolent Institutions 33 Cemeteries 41 Charitable Institutions 36 Churches 46 Club Houses 45 Colleges 51 Dispensaries 47 Educational Institutions 29 Fairmount Park 39 Fairmount Water Works 40 Financial and Commercial As- sociations 50 Fine Arts 33 Hack Fares 43 History 24 Hospitals 47 Hotels 44 Libraries and Reading Rooms. 51 Literary and Scientific Asso- ciations 31 Location and Topography 25 Manufactures 26 Other Objects of Interest 42 Places of Amusement 50 Prisons 37 Public Buildings 27 Public Buildings and Institu- tions 48 Public Libraries" 31 Public Squares and Parks 38 Railroad Depots 42 Safe Deposit and Trust Com- panies 49 Philadelphia — PAOB Saving Funds 50 Streetcars 43 Streets and Numbers 44 Trade and Commerce 27 Philadelphia to Baltimore 56 Plainsboro 17 Potomac Water Works 94 Price's Wood Station 61 Princeton 17 Princeton Junction 17 Principio 63 Rahway 17 Routes 5 Schenck's Station 22 South Elizabeth 14 Stanton 60 Stemmer's Run 65 Tacony 23 Thirteen Mile Switch 65 Thurlow 58 Torresdale 22 Trenton 18 Tullytown 21 Uuiontown 15 Vicinity of Washington 93 Washington 81 Cemeteries 92 Charitable Institutions 91 Churches 92 Educational Institutions 90 Hotels, etc 92 Waverley 13 Wilmington. 59 Wissinoming 23 1 .f'^ ^ v,/''<"" m, ll-OPf* x^_ PUKPARKD FOR TAINTOR'S ROUTE KIT! GinDES, PUBLTSHED BY TAHTTOB BUOTHEBS i CO., yEir YORK. NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. THE EOUTES. 1. The most direct route by rail from the great commercial metropolis of the country to its political capital passes in a nearly direct line through two other of its largest and most important cities, namely, Philadelphia and Baltimore, full descriptions of which are contained in this Guide-book. The railroads by which the passage is made are three in number : First. The New York Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, across the State of New Jersey, passing through the cities of Jersey City, Newark, Elizabeth, Rahway, New Brunswick, and Trenton, to Philadelphia. Second. The PhilaclelpJiia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad, passing across the northern part of the State of Delaware, through the city of Wilmington, to Baltimore ; and. Third. The Baltimm^e and Potomac Railroad to Washington. - This is the only through route from New York to Washington, conveying passengers without change of cars. The distance is 231 miles ; the running time on the regular trains from eight and a half hours to nine and a half hours. A limited express train is run through each way, daily, in six hours and forty minutes. This train is composed exclusively of Pullman Parlor Cars, and an extra rate of fare is charged. 2. For tourists who wish to stop at intermediate points, there are three other routes from New York to Philadelphia : First. The New York and Philadelphia New Line, which is composed of the Central Railroad of New Jersey to Bound Brook, N. J., the Dela- ware and Bound Brook Railroad to Yardley, Pa., and the North Pennsylvania R/aUroad thence to Philadelphia. This line com- 5 NJSW YOUK to WASHINGTON. xnenced running May 1st, 1876, and conveys passengers through from New York to Philadelphia without change of cars. The terminal passenger depots are at the foot of Liberty St. in New York, and at the corner of Berks and American streets in Phila- delphia, 3. By the Amhoy Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad the pas- senger may take the main line to Trenton, thence by way of Bordentown and Burlington to Camden, and cross by ferry to the foot of Market St., Philadelphia ; or he may take a steamboat to South Amboy, a pleasant sail of thirty miles, and go from there by rail through Jamesburg and Hightstown to Bordentown, and to Camden by the route above mentioned. 4. A pleasant route in the summer is by the New Jersey Southern Railway^ running from Sandy Hook by way of Atlanticville, Long Branch, Bricksburg and Manchester to Camden, where pas- sengers cross the ferry to the foot of Market St.. Philadelphia. The connection between New York and Sandy Hook is made by steamers from Pier 8, North River, which connect with all the trains. NEW YORK TO PHILADELPHIA. VIA PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD — NEW YORK DIVISION. Distance 90 Miles. It will be seeu by reference to the map that the railway consti- tuting this line forms a nearly direct route between these two cities. Almost in the direction of the prolongation of the line of this route toward the northwest are the important cities of New Haven, Providence, Boston, Salem, and Portland, while its pro- longation in the opposite direction will range almost directly toward Baltimore and Washington, where connections are made by railroad and steamboat with all the important Southern cities. Besides the Southern connections of this great railway, it forms a part of two of the four great railway lines from New- York to the Mississippi Valley, namely, those known as the "Pennsylvania Central" and the "Baltimore and Ohio" routes. Its through travel from New-York to points beyond Philadelphia connects without change of cars with the Pennsylvania Central and the Baltimore roads for the West and South. The New-York and Philadelphia line comprised four different companies, whose interests were consolidated. By an act of the Legislature of New Jersey, passed February 15th, 1831, the Dela- loare and Raritan Canal and the Camden and A7nboy Railroad Companies^ which were chartered in 1830, Avere, with the consent of seven-eighths of the stock of each, united in effect into one com- pany, and were thenceforward commonly known as the ''Joint Companies." By an agreement, dated April 22d, 1886, between the "Joint Companies" and the PkHadelphia and Trenton Rail- road Company^ the net profits of these companies were to be divided share and share alike. By an agreement between the "Joint Companies" and the New Jersey Railroad Company^ dated January 28th, 1867, confirmed by act of the Legislature, and by 7 Broadway, New York, ZiOOKINO SOUTH FROM BABCLAT STBEKT AHD TH£ NEW POST OFnCS. NEW YORK TO WASHING TOy. the assent of two thirds of the stock of each of the companies interested, the New Jersey Railroad Compary was united to the Joint Companies in substantially the same manner as the orig^inal "Joint Companies" were with each other. The four companies were thus united in interest as if they were consolidated into one company. In 1873, these companies executed a lease to the Penn- sylvania Railroad Company by which, for the payment of an annual rental of ten per cent, of the capital stock of the several roads to be paid by the Pennsylvania R, R. Co. , they ceded to the latter company the entire control of their roads, canals, rolling stock, depots, etc. , so that it is now under one management from New York to Chicago. NEW YORK. The passenger stations of the Pennsylvania Railroad are at the Jersey City Ferries on West street, at the foot of Cortlandt street, and at the foot of Desbrosses street. Street cars run up and down West street, connecting at South Ferry with the east, side cars, and thus with all the ferries around the city ; also, by the Cross-toicti routes, with the entire system of street railroads. (For full particulars of all the ferries, city railroads, omnibuses, etc., see laintofs New York City Guide.) After purchasing his ticket at the oflBce on the New York side of the river, the pas- senger takes his seat in the ferry-boat, and is rapidly conveyed across the Hudson River to Jersey City. From the river a fine view of New York City is afforded, with its long line of wharves and shipping, and a solid background of brick warehouses, stores, manufactories, and residences, interspersed with frequent church- spires. On the west side of the river, here about one mile wide, may be seen Jersey City^ Iloboken^ and the commencement of the Palisades, which form a bold bluff toward the north, as far as tlie eye can reach — a fitting gateway to this noble and beautiful river, often aptly called the " Rhine of America." Looking toward the south, we have a magnificent view of New York Bay, v/ith its for- tified islands, and the surrounding shores of Long Island, Staten Island, and Bergen Point, covered with elegant residences. The sail is too brief to allow more than a few passing glances. ]^SW YORK TO WASHINGTON. JERSEY CITY. Jersey City, Hudson Co., N. J.,\ m. fr. JV. Y. Fr. PJiila. 89. Population about 100,000. This important suburb of New York is situated on the west "bank of the Hudson or North River, at its entrance into New York Bay. The river here is about a mile in width ; but its expansion into New York Bay, below the city, gives a water- front on the south as well as on the east. Jersey City, to which the cities of Bergen and Hudson City were annexed in 1870, is, next to Newark, the largest city in New Jersey. The water- front of the city is over three miles in extent, two of which are directly opposite the most valuable water-front of New York City, the remainder fronting south, as already stated. The princi- pal business portion of the city lies along the river, and extends back to the foot of the bluff known here as Bergen Hill, which is an extension of the Palisades of the Hudson. In the northern part of the city the bluff is over one hundred feet high, the top forming a level tract nearly a mile in width. Two railway tun- nels have been cut through the hill, one by the Erie Railway Company, the other by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western. The Pennsylvania Railroad, however, crosses the hill through an open cut. The streets are broad, handsome, and regularly laid out, crossing each other at right angles. They are lighted with gas, and supplied with water by an aqueduct from the Passaic River, seven miles distant. The reservoir is on Bergen HiU, two miles west of the Hudson River. The business of the city is large, and rapidly increasing. It has manufactories of glass, black lead, pottery and porcelain ware, besides several extensive iron-foundries and machine-shops. It possesses extraordinary advantages in its position, being the initial point of imjDortant lines of railway diverging from the great metropolis of the coun- try, and, by their connections, bringing in the trade of nearly the whole United St^ates, and of steamers sailing both to foreign and domestic ports. It is evidently destined to become one of the most important commercial cities of the Union. It is the eastern terminus of four important railroads : the Pennsylvania Railroad, leading to Philadelphia ; the Central Railroad of New Jersey, passing across the State to Easton ; the Erie Railway, running 1* 9 NEW TOEK TO WASHIJSGTON. north-west ; and the New York and New Jersey Midland Railroad, running to Oswego, New York. Besides these railroads, the Morris Canal, 101 miles in length, forms another avenue of com- munication between the Hudson and the Delaware Rivers. This canal has a large basin for its numerous boats immediately north of the Central Railroad depot. The Cunard Royal Mail Steam-' ship Company have their wharves and storehouses here. NEWARK. Newark, Essex County, N. J"., 9 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Phi a. 81. F(ypukit'mi, 125,000. . The city of Newark is the largest in the State, and the tenth city in size, in the United States. It is situated on the right bank of the Passaic River, four miles from its entrance into Newark Bay, and this has direct water communication with New York Bay. It is built chiefly on a plain, terminated on the west by a ridge of land, extending from its northern to its southern extre- mity. It is regularly and handsomely laid out, with wide, straight streets, intersecting at right angles, and everywhere shaded with a profusion of magnificent elms, which line both sides of its streets in unbroken ranks. Broad street, the principal business thorough- fare, is 120 feet in width and extends through the entire length of the city, dividing it into two nearly equal parts. Crossing Broad street near its centre, is Market street, another important avenue of trade. Above Market street, and bordering on Broad, are two beautiful public squares, called " Washington" and ''MOitary" Parks, each adorned with a profusion of shade-trees. In the lower part of the city is the " South Park," younger than the other two, and containing only trees of recent growth. Among its 'puhlk, buildings are the Court- House, a large and handsome brown- stone edifice, in the Egyptian style of architec- ture, at the intersection of Market and High streets. The build- ing of the Library Association, containing a library of over 12,000 volumes, is one of the finest in the city. Besides apartments for the library, it contains a large hall for public lectures and con- certs. The Custom-House, Post-Office, and City Hall will also attract attention. The Newark Academy is a fine brick building, situated on the most elegant part of High street, and is surrounded by pleasant grounds, where an extended view is obtaiued of the 10 NUW YORK TO W ASHING TOK Passaic Valley. The city of Newark contains seventy-five churches, lifting their spires skyward, and deserves the cogno- men of "The City of Churches" equally with its sister city, Brooklyn, Among the most prominent are the Presbyterian on High street, the Methodist on Church street, the Episcopal on Broad street, and the St. James' Cathedral. The building occu- pied by the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company is one of the finest in the State. Newark owes its rapid growth chiefly to its extensive manufac- tories, numbering nearly eight hundred, and causing it to rank as the third city of the Union in manufacturing importance. The amount of capital employed in these pursuits is between ten and eleven millions of dollars, while the value of manufactured articles aggregates more than twenty- one millions annually. Approach- ing the city, Fagiii's Flour-miU rises prominently in view, to the south on the river bank. The building is immense, the largest establishment of the kind, probably, in the world, being 156 feet or twelve stories high, and 85 feet wide by 150 feet long. It is not only a monster grain elevator, but also a " huge hive of in- dustry," turning out 2000 barrels of flour daily. The chimney at its side is 175 feet high. Nearer the railroad bridge is Ballantine's huge Brewery^ where thousands of barrels of ale are manufactured annually. North of the railroad bridge are the factories of the Clark '■'' O.N. T." Thread Company —one of the largest thread works in the country, giving employment to 750 girls — and the Rankin Mills. Besides these, there are in Newark establishments for the production of India- rubber goods, carriages, paper, machinery, castings, boots and shoes, etc In the manufacture ot jewelry this city is perhaps not surpassed by any in the United States, while in all the various branches of industry it presents a most busy and prosperous ap- pearance. Here are some very celebrated broiDii stone quarries, which furnish great quantities of building material for New York stores and residences, as well as for home consumption. In its commerce, Newark is limited chiefly to the coasting trade, the Passaic River being navigable only for vessels of light draught. En the Autumn of each y ear,an Industrial Exhibition or Fair is held, continuing several weeks, at which the various manufacturing K NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON-. interests of the city are exhibited, in actual operation, forming a most interesting and instructive exhibit, and attracting thou- sands of visitors from neighboring cities. A number of the principal streets of Newark are lined with magnificent old elms, and in the vicinity of the city are many pleasant drives and walks. The shore of the Passaic River is lined with many beautiful villas and elegant residences, which are seldom surpassed in the taste and costliness of their orna- mentation. Among the more interesting of these is " Kearney Place," the residence of the late General Kearney, one of the na- tion's gallant defenders during the late war. It stands in a forest, and is built in the French style of architecture. On the opposite shore from Kearney Place stands the ancient house, immor- talized by Washington Ir%'ing in the Salmagundi, under the title of ''■Cockloft Hall.'''' Just beyond are the " Cedars,^'' the former home of Henry William Herbert, known in literary circles as " Frank Fori' ester.'''' Here he lived an almost hermit life, de- voted to literature and dissipation, and here died. Mount Fleas- ant Cemetery, north of the city, embraces thirty-five acres of pleasantly undulating grounds, with smooth, winding avenues, and a deluge of flowers that load the air with a grateful perfume. Newark was settled in 1666 by a company of Puritan families from New Haven and adjoining colonies, the influence of whoae character is moulding the future of the town is witnessed at the present day in the marked morality and respect for religious ob- servances that distinguish this city above others. It has a large foreign population, and is the see of a Roman Catholic Bishop. The Morris and Essex Division of the Delaware and Lackawanna Railroad, running from New York to Easton, passes through the northern part of the city. The Newark and Bloomfield Railway connects with the pleasant suburban towns of Roseville, Bloom- field, and Mount Clair, while horse railroads run to Belleville, Clinton, Orange, and other adjoining places. The Pennsylvania Railroad has three stations within the limits of Newark — the Centre Street Station, near where the railroad first enters the city after crossing the Passaic River; the Market Street Station, near the business centre of the city ; and the Chestnut Street or Wa- v&iiey Station, in the southern part of the city. The Market 13 NEW YOUK TO WASHrNOTOX. Street Station is the one at which the through trains stop, the others being for the accommodation of residents doing business in New York, etc. Branches of the Central Railroad of New Jersey connect Newark with New York, Elizabeth and Long Branch, and the Newark Branch of the Erie Railroad passes through the northern part of the city, running from New York to Paterson, where it connects with the main line. The Morris Canal passes through the city, and a passenger steamboat plies daily to and from New York, by way of the Passaic River and Newark Bay. WAVERLEY. Essex Co., N. J"., 12 m. fr. N. Y. Fi\ PMa. 78. Pop. 500. The New Jersey State Fair grounds are located here, and an Agricultural and Industrial Fair is held every Autumn, continuing one or two weeks. About half a mile west from the station is Weequahick Lake., a beautiful sheet of water about a mile in length. It is surrounded by gently sloping hills, upon some of which handsome residences have been erected. NORTH-ELIZABETH. Elizabeth, Union Co., N. J., U 7n. fr. JST. Y. Fr. PJiila. 76. This station accommodates the northern portion of the city of Elizabeth, and the eastern part of Union township. Evergreen Cemetery, about one mile north of the station, is very tastefully laid out. It is partly in Clifton and partly in Elizabeth. ELIZABETH. Vnion Co., N. J., 15 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. PJiila. 75. Pop. 25,000. The city of Elizabeth, upon Elizabethtown Creek, two miles from its entrance into Staten Island Sound, was once the capital and chief town of New Jersey. It is still the capital of Union county, and a favorite residence of many merchants and others doing business in New York. It is one of the older towns of the State, its settlement dating back to 1664. It was incorporated in 1739, and long bore the name of the " Old Borough.^'' Governor Carteret made it the place of his residence. It has a pleasant situation on elevated ground, and is regularly laid out with broad, straight streets, finely shaded, and intersecting at right angles. It bears an honorable record for its patriotism and zeal during the Eevolution, having furnished to the patriot forces under Wash- 13 NEW YORK TO WASHING TOK ington a large number of volunteers, who exhibited the loftiest spirit of self-sacrifice. General Winfield Scott had a residence here during his later years. Elizabeth contains numerous churches, several banks, and a number of English and classical schools of high reputation. Although not noted for the extent of its manu- factures, it has three establishments for the manufacture of oil- cloths, which are the largest in the world. The College of New Jersey was founded here in 1746, the Rev. Jonathan Dickinson being its first President. This institution was afterwards removed to Newark, and thence to Princeton, where it enjoys a great de- gree of prosperity. This city has long been noted for its educa- tional advantages, and for its intelligent and refined society. It is rapidly being built up with beautiful dwellings and country- seats, and is becoming populous and wealthy. Here the Central Railway intersects the Pennsylvania Railroad, and more trains pass through it daily than any other town in the United States, affording communication with New York at intervals of only a few minutes. A short distance south-east of the city is Elizabeth- port, a thriving manufacturing town, and a great coal depot, situated on the Kills opposite Staten Island. SOUTH-ELIZABETH. Elizabeth, Unioii Co., N. J., 16 m.fr. N. T. Fr. Phila. 74. This is the south-western part of the city, where the avenue called Bay Way intersects the railroad. This avenue is laid out to extend to the Staten Island Sound, about two miles south-east.. LINDEN. Union Co., N. J., 18 m. fr. N. T. Fi\ Phila. 72. P(yp. 300. Formerly called Wheat- Sheaf Station. The village of Wheat- Sheaf, now called Linden, is about a mile west of the station. The country level, and mostly devoted to agricultural purposes. Morse's Creek, which crosses the railroad near here, runs into Staten Island Sound about two miles to the east. RAHWAY. Union Co., N. J., 20m.fr. NewYork. Fr. Phila. 70. Pop. 10,000. The city of Rahway is situated on both sides of the Rahway River, about four miles from its entrance into Staten Island Sound. The river is navigable for schooners and smaller vessels, 14 I^EW YORK TO WASHINGTON. as far as the city. Rahway has a boarding-school for girls, called the Rahway Female Institute ; a classical boarding-school for boys, and a union free school ; also nine churches, two banks, an insur- ance office, etc. Rahway is noted chiefly for its extensive manu- facture of carriages. Before the late war three thousand carriages were made annually for the Southern market. There are also manufactories of hats, stoves and stone-ware, a large muslin printing establishment, an iron foundry and a manufactory of felt cloth. The Perth Avibot/ and Woodbrldge Railroad extends from here through the village of Woodbrldge to the flourishing borough of Perth Amboy^ north of the mouth of Raritan River and on the west side of Stateu Island Sound, opposite the south-western end of Staten Island. UNIONTOWN. Middlesex Co., N. J., 23m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Phila. 67. Pop. 300. A station on the west side of the South-Branch River. Here is a small village, containing a public school. Considerable agricul- tural produce from the adjoining country is sent to the various markets from Uniontown. METUCHEN. Middlesex Co., N. J"., 27 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Phila. 63. Pop. 500. A very pleasant and rapidly growing village, containing some fine residences. Fruit-growing is a prominent pursuit in this vi- cinity, which abounds with peach-orchards and many fine farms. NEW-BRUNSWICK. Middlesex Co..N. J", 32 m. fr. K. Y. Fr. Phila. 58. Pop, 20,000. This city, the capital of Middlesex county, is situated on the right bank of the Raritan River, which is here crossed by a sub- stantial bridge, 1000 feet long, resting upon eleven abutments, and built of wood. In the immediate vicinity of the river the ground is low, but rises rapidly as it recedes. The upper part of the town is laid out with broad and handsome streets, and contains many elegant residences, surrounded by beautiful gardens. Across the river, is what is called Fast Bru/iswicJc, where the elevated shore is lined with elegant viUas and country-seats, commanding charm- ing views of the river and surrounding country. New Brunswick contains three banks, two carriage manufactories, a flouring-mill, 15 I^BW YORK TO WASHING TOK four saddle and harness maaufactodes, an establishment for the making- of hosiery, three machine-shops, a paper manufactory, three extensive india-rubber manufactories, a pottery, thirteen churches, and two newspaper oflQces, Its facilities for manufac- ture are excellent, and its site is pleasant and attractive. The outlet of the Delaware and Raritan Canal is at the head of tide- water, about two miles above the town. This is the eastern ter- minus of this canal, which extends to Bordentown, 42 miles. A branch railway also extends from New Brunswick to Millstone. Here, on an elevated site, quite near the railroad station, is RuT- GEKs' College, an important educational institution, recently favored with liberal additions to its endowments, and in a prosper- ous condition. Its charter was granted in 1770, by Georg-e III., when it was called "Queen's College," in honor of his consort. This name was dropped, however, and the present one substituted in 1825, at the request of the trustees, in honor of Colonel Henry Rutgers, of New York, who had bestowed many liberal pecuniary donations upon it. The college grounds are pleasantly shaded and tastefully arranged. A short distance west of the college, on an- other elevation, is " Hartzog Hall,^'' a theological seminary of the Reformed Church. The building is of brick, three stories high, with a cupola surmounting its top, and has a pleasant location. It received its name from a Mrs. Hartzog of New York, who gave a large sum of money towards its establishment. It has a high reputation throughout the State, and is in a flourishing condition. In the vicinity of New Brunswick considerable quantities of cop- per ore have been found. A mine was formerly extensively worked here, but is now abandoned, having been found unprofitable. The site of the city of New Brunswick was a dense wDdemess no fur- ther back than the close of the seventeenth century, when it was called the "Prigmore Swamp," after the owner of the property. The earliest settlers came to the place from Long Island, and, during 1730, several Dutch families moved here from Albany, bringing with them material with which to erect dwelling-houses. Many of the first houses were erected on Albany street, the post- road passing through the town, and which is now a well-paved thoroughfare, upon which stand many elegant and commodious buildings. New Brunswick is at the he,ad of navigation on the 16 NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. Raritan River. It is also the eastern termiiins of the Delaware and Raritan Canal, extending 42 miles to Bordentown, and is the eastern terminus of the Millstone and New Brunswick Railroad. MONMOUTH JUNCTION. 8. Brunsicick, Middlesex Co., 40 in. fr. N. Y. Fr. Phila., 50. In South Brunswick township, is situated on Laurence's Brook, which empties into the Raritan River below New Brunswick, and affords considerable water-power. Here are a distillery, a tannery a grist-mill, and a saw-mill. From here branch railroads extend in both directions ; west to Kingsto7i, five miles, and Ihcky Hill, two miles further ; and east six miles to Janiesbiirg, the seat of the Statp Reform School, connecting with the main line of the Amboy Division, formerly the Camden and Amboy Railroad, and also connecting with the Freehold and Jamesburg R. R., extendr ing 12 miles to Freehold, the county seat of Monmouth county. PLAINSBORO, S. Brumicick, Middlesex Co. , iV. J"., 45 ?/i. //•. K Y. Fr. Phila. 45. An unimportant station in a farming locality. PRINCETON JUNCTION, Princeton, Mercer Co., N. J., 48 wi. fr. N. Y. Fr. Phila. 45. Formerly the railroad followed the bank of the canal through the town of Princeton, which is here seen upon the hills about three miles to the north. The present route f o ms a nearly straight line from Monmouth Junction to Trenton. A branch track conveys passengers from the station to Princeton. PRINCETON, Mercer Co., N. J., 50 m. fr. iV. Y. Fr. Phila. 47. Poj). 2,000. Is a pleasant city, situated on an elevated ridge, which rises by a long declivity, commanding an extensive and pleas- ant prospect toward the east and south. It is remarkable for the silabrity of its climate, the beauty of its villas, and the general neatness of its buildings. It was incorporated as a borough in 1813, and recently as a city. Princeton was the scene of a battle, quite important in its results, between the forces of Cornwallis and "Washington, Jan. 3d, 1777. After the battle of Trenton, and Washington had crossed the Delaware river a second time, and taken post in that town, Cornwallis, who had 17 NEW YORK TO WASJimOTOy. been encamped at Princeton, marched with the better part of his forces to attack the American troops. Arriving at Trenton at night-fall, after a fatiguing march, owing to the inclemency of the weather, he deferred his attack until morning. Washington, leaving sentries to keep camp fires biirnmg, and a small body of troops to deceive the enemy by throwing up eaith-works, marched about midnight to attack the British forces remaining there. He arrived near there in the morning, and while General Mercer with a part of his troops marched along the direct route. Washington with the remainder took another road. Mercer soon encountered Colonel Mawhcod with two regiments on his way to join Corn wallis, and the American forces were being worsted,' when Washington came up, and after a short but sharp contest the British were defeated. It has long been distinguished as the seat of Princeton College^ one of the first literary institutions of the kind in this country. This college was founded in 1746, by the Presbyterians, at Eliza- bethtown, and was removed to this place in 1757, where, for more than a century, it has maintained a high reputation as a seat of literature and science. A theological seminary of the Presbyterian church was formed here in 1813. LAWRENCE. Lawrence, Meixer Co., N. J., 53 m. fr. N. T. Ft. Phila. 37. This station is near the south-east comer of the township, on the Assanpink, which forms its southern boundary. Here are a grist-mill, saw-mill, etc. TRENTON. fiercer Co., N. J"., 48 m. fr. N. T. Fr. PMla. 32. P(yp. 40,000. The city of Trenton, the capital of the State of New Jersey, and the seat of justice of Mercer countj^ was first settled in 1720, incorporated as a city in 1792, and derives its name from its foun- der, William Trent. It is situated on the left bank «f the Dela- ware River, at the head of steamboat navigation. It is regularly laid out, and contains many fine stores, public buildings, and resi- dences. Trenton is well located for manufacturing purposes, having abundance of permanent water power, obtained from the falls on the Delaware, which are made available by a canal ex- tending from a point three or four miles above. Among the prin- 18 J^^JEJW YORK TO WASHINQTOK assengers at the Kensington station, from whence street cars take them to various parts of the city. Through passengers pass around north and west of the built portions of the city, crossing the Richmond branch of the Reading Railroad, over which long trains of coal are constantly passing to the wharves at Port Richmond, also across the North Pennsylvania and the Nor- ristown and Gerraantown railroads. The Schuylkill River is crossed on a bridge of solid masonry, supported by three arches. In West Philadelphia, the road connects with the Pennsylvania Railroad Division. The station is on Market street, and street cars run across the Market-street bridge through the city to the Delaware River. 2.5 NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. PHILADELPHIA. Philadelphia is the largest city in area in the United States, and the second in population and wealth, and in the extent and variety of business carried on within its limits. HISTORY. William Penn, having obtained a grant from Charles II. of England, purchased the land now covered by the city of Phila- delphia from the Indians in 1682. This purchase was ratified by a treaty in due Indian form, under an elm tree, 'in the part of the city now called Kensington. He gave it the name of Philadelphia signifying brotherly love^ in part as an embodiment of the princi- ples he undertook to carry out in its settlement, and which are a part of the creed of the society of Friends, and partly after the ancient city of that name, whose church is spoken of in the book of Revelation. The city rapidly grew, and in 1084, three years after the first settlement was made, the population was 2,500. In the same year the first local government was organized. In 1701 it was incorporated as a city, receiving its charter from Penn, and it soon became the leading city in the country, con- tinuing the largest till after 1820, since which time it has been Fecond only to New York. The first Congress of the American States was held here, Sept. 4th, 1774, in Carpenter's Hall, a building which still stands in Carpenter's court, south of Chestnut street, below Fourth. It was the capital of the State until 1799 and was the seat of the Federal Government from 1790 till 1800. It was the scene of many important events during the Revolutionary war, being in possession of the British troops from September, 1777, to June, 1778. The battle of Germantown was fought within the present limit of the city, October 4th, 1777. It was also herein Inde- pendence Hall, that the immortal Declaration of Independence was adopted. The rapid growth of Philadelphia, to its present proportions may be seen by the subjoined census returns of the population, from 1684 to 1870 : 24 NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 1684 2,500 1830 167,325 1777 21,767 1840 258,037 1790 42,520 1850 408,763 1800 70,287 I860 565,529 1810 96,287 1870 674,023 1830 119,325 1875 (Estimated). 780,000 LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHY, Philadelphia is situated near the south-east comer of the State of Pensylvania, on the west bank of the Delaware River, at its junction with the Schuylkill, and about ninety miles above the entrance from the Atlantic Ocean into Delaware Bay. It is a nearly level plain, rising in the middle to a height of about sixty feet above high-water mark in the river. Its soil consists of clay, beneath which is found coarse gravel. The original city charter covered only the portion bounded on the north by Vine street, and on the south by Cedar street, extending across between the Dela- ware and Schuylkill rivers. In 1854, the adjoining districts of Spring Garden, Penn, Northern Liberties, Kensington, and Rich- mond on the north ; West- Philadelphia, etc., on the west, ; and South wark, Moyamensing, and Passayunk on the south, forming* the entire county of PJiiiadelpMa, were consolidated with the city under one municipal government. The present area of the city is 82,600 acres, or more than 129 square miles, but a large portion of it is still in farm lands. Its greatest width East* and West is ten miles, and its greatest length from north-east to south-west, twenty- two miles. The compactly built portion is regularly laid out in squares, each measuring about one tenth of a mile. The main business thoroughfares are Market street, running east and west, and Broad street, running north and south, divid- ing the city into four quarters. The principal business portion of the city is, however, east of Broad street. The streets run- north and south are named in numerical order, coTimencing at the Delaware River, First or Front street, Second street. Third street, etc. ; north of Market street, they are called North First street, North Second street, etc. ; and sout'i of Market, they are named South First street. South Second street, etc. Many of 2 25 NEW YORK TO WASHING TOX. those rumiing east and west are named after different kinds of trees, etc., as Chestnut, Walnut, Pine, etc. The houses are num- bered by squares, commencing a new hundred with every square. From east to west the numbers commence at the Delaware River. North and south the numbering- commences at Market street and runs each way. Thus, on Market street, No. 540 would be be- tween Fifth and Sixth streets, while on North Third street. No. 320 would come between Vine and Callowhill streets, this being the fourth b'ock above Market. For list of streets and numbers, see page 44. Chestnut street, next south of Market, is the principal retail business street and fashionable promenade. It is lined on both sides, from the Delaware River to Broad street, with magnificent stores, hotels, banks, and public buildings The commercial facilties of Philadelphia are of a high order. At a convenient distance from the ocean to communicate freely with a large and fertile inland region, its harbor is entirely safe, and can be reached by vessels of the largest size. It is even said that vessels too large to enter New- York harbor can readily enter here. MANUFACTURES. Philadelphia is pre-eminent among the cities of the United States for its manufactures. In its vicinity, and to some extent within its limits, immense water-power abounds, and the anthra- cite coal mines of the State afford a convenient and exhaustless supply of fuel for her steam-engines. Her laboring population is numerous, skilled, and industrious. These advantages with that of a large home market, offer inducements to the manufacturer that are rarely equaled elsewhere. Among the manufactures may be mentioned that of locomotives, whose excellent qualities are widely celebrated. Large numbers of them are exported. Forges, foundries, and almost every species of iron manufacture, abound in the suburbs. Sugar refining is also a very extensive business in Philadelphia. The suburb of Manayunk is almost wholly en- gaged in manufactures, principally of cotton and woolen goods, and carpets. IMore shoes are manufactured h^re for the South and West than in any other city in the United States. Great quantities of umbrellas and parasols are made, one house turning out 1000 and another 700 a day. Carts, wheelbarrows, and other 26 NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. vehicles and cabinet furniture are made and exported to the Southern States, the West-Indies, and to California. Ship build- ing, especially the building of steam propellers, is also carried on to a large extent, and a large number of hands are employed in lithographing, printing, book-binding and kindred trades TRADE AND COMMERCE. Philadelphia is the fourth city in the Union in the amount of its foreign commerce, and her coasting trade is rapidly increasing. Among articles exported, the principal are coal, iron manufactares of all kinds, cotton and cotton goods, wheat and other grain, and breadstuffs. The coal trade of Philadelphia forms a large por- tion of the coasting business. The Reading Railroad extends from the anthracite coal regions of the State to Philadelphia, which is the nearest port to them. This railroad has immense wharves extending for more than a mile along the Delaware River, and a very large portion of all the anthracite coal mined in the country is sent to this market. Indeed, a large part of the lands upon which the mining operations are carried on are owned by Philadelphia capitalists. The city itself is the owner of some of the most valuable portions of these coal lands, which were be- queathed to it by Stephen Girard. Philadelphia has always been distinguished for the stability, enterprise, and sterling integrity of its merchants. Originally founded by the Friends, its population was formerly made up principally of members of this sect, who were instrumental in building up its commercial reputation. It is familiarly known as the *' Quaker City.'''' PUBLIC BUILDINGS. One of the first public buildings which will attract the atten- tion of travelers is the old State House, or "Independence Hall," located in Independence Square, on the South side of Chestnut, between Fifth and Sixth streets. This is a some- what plain and substantial brick structure, and was built in 1734. It was in the East room of this building, on the first story, that the Declaration of Independence was passed by Congress, July 4th, 1776. Few more important events than this, when considered in aJl its bearings, have happened in Modern History, and the build- er NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. ing is therefore a cherished object with Philadelphians, and to the country a national political shrine. The present steeple, erected in 1828, is a facsimile of the old one, which was removed on account of its decay. The hall in which the Declaration was signed is preserved in the same condi- tion it was in at that time. The old ' ' Liberty Bell " is kept here, and is a most interesting and hallowed relic. It was imported for this building in 1752, but, becoming cracked, was recast in this country, when the prophetic inscription which it bears was given to it. It is from Leviticus 25 : 10 : " Proclaim liberty throughout all the land, to all the inhabitants thereof." The Declaration of Independence was announced by the ringing of this bell. Old Congress Hall is situated on the south-east corner of Sixth and Chestnut streets, and is occupied by the Highway Commis- sioners, the Court of Quarter Sessions, and the Court of Common Pleas. This building was occupied by Congress, from 1790 to 1800, and in it Washington was inaugurated for the second term in 1793, and in 1797 President Adams and Vice President Jefferson. The City Hall., at the south-east corner of Fifth and Chestnut streets, was occupied while the Federal government was in Phila- delphia by the U. S. Supreme Court and the U. S. District Court, It is now used for the offices of the police and fire department, the Mayor, and the clerks of the city councils. The new City Hall, in process of construction at the junction of Broad and Market streets, will probably be the largest single building in the United states, covering an area of about four and a half acres. It was commenced in 1871 and will probably not be completed before 1881. Its entire cost is $10,000,000. 2 he new Post Office is being built on the corner of Ninth and Chestnut streets. The material is granite and the style the French Renaissance. It is to be 428 feet long by 152 wide, and four stories in height. The cost is limited by the present appro- priation to four millions of dollars. The Custom House, formerly the U. S. Bank, on Chestnut street, above Fourth, is a splendid marble edifice, in imitation of the Parthenon at Athens, and one of the finest specimens of Doric architecture erected in modern times. It was commenced in 1819, completed in 1824, and cost $500,000. NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON: The Merchants' Exchange^ fronting on Walnut, Dock and Third streets, is a magnificent marble building, with semi-circular portico of Corinthian columns. The semi-rotunda, with a part of the main building, constitutes the great hall of the Exchange. The United States Mint, in Chestnut, near Broad street, is a handsome brick building, faced with marble. Its style of archi- tecture is an imitation of a Grecian temple of the Ionic order. Its front on Chestnut street is over 100 feet, and it extends back to Penn Square. The portico in front is sixty- two feet wide, and its entablature, which is of white marble, is supported by six marble columns. The main entrance is from Chestnut street, into a hall where jjersons connected with the institution are in attend- ance to escort visistors through the establishment. Visitors are admitted every week-day, except Saturday, between nine and twelve o'clock. The operations here carried on are exceedingly curious and interesting. A magnificent collection of the coins of all nations and ages may be seen in the cabinet of coins. The Post- Office is a substantial granite building, on Chestnut street, a little below Fifth. . EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. The University of Pennsylvania, in Ninth street, below Market, was established in 1750 as an academy. In 1779 it was erected into a university. It comprises four departments, namely, aca- demical, collegiate, medical and law. The professors are of the highest standing in the various departments, and the rank of the University is among the first in the country. The Governor of the State is, ex-officio, the president of the board of trustees, which consists of twenty-five members. The most flourishing depart- ment of the University is the medical, and the anatomical museum attached to it is one of the largest and most complete in the co-untry. Besides this University medical department, there are several medical colleges of high reputation. Among these are the Jefferson Medical College, in. Tenth street, above Walnut, having extensive hospital accommodations ; the PhiladelpJiia University of Medicine and Surgery, in Ninth street, below Locust ; the Col- lege of Physicians, north-east comer of Thirteenth and Locust streets, meeting monthly for discussions, etc. ; the Homeopathic 29 NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. Medical College of Pennsylvania.^ in Filbert, below Twelfth street ; the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania., the first college ever established for the medical education of women, in North College avenue, corner of Twenty-second street. Girard College is a magnificent institution, founded by Stephen Girard, who bequeathed $2,000,000 to the city of Philadelphia for the gratuitous instruction and support of destitute orphans. It is situated on Kidge avenue, north of Girard avenue, and its grounds occupy forty-one acres. There are five buQdings ; namely, the main college building, with two smaller buildings on each side, arrayed in a line extending east and west. The college building is constructed of white marble, in the form of a Grecian temple of the Corinthian order, entirely surrounded by lofty columns, and is a remarkably handsome building. The grounds are surrounded by a high wall, and the entrances are on the north and south fronts. About four hundred orphans are here accom- modated. Convenient access to this college is afforded by the Ridge-avenue street cars. The Public Schools of Philadelphia have been organized upon a very efiicient system, and have attained a high degree of excel- lence. There are over four hundred schools locate'd in nearly two hundred school buildings, about two thousand teachers, and over 100,000 scholars. The Central High School, at the corner of Broad and Green streets, is a large and handsome building, with an extensive chemical laboratory, astronomical observatory, etc. There is also a Girls' High and Normal School on Sergeant street, between Ninth and Tenth. The School of Design for Women is located at the comer of Filbert and Merrick streets, and is open for visitors on Mondays from 10 A.M. to 12 M. The school was founded by Mrs. Peter, in 1848, for the purpose of giving to women gratuitous instruction in all branches of mechanical drawing. The school is in a flourish- ing condition and is doing efficient work, nearly 200 pupils being in attendance. Besides these are a number of academical institutions, of wide repute, under the control of the various re- ligious denominations, among which may be mentioned the Pro- testant Episcopal Academy, corner of Locust and Juniper streets ; the Protestant Episcopcil Divinity School, corner of Thirty-ninth 30 NFW YORK TO WASRfiVOTOjY. and Walnut streets ; Lutheran Theological Seminary, 216 Frank- lin street ; Seminary of St. Vincent de Paul (Roman Catholic), Chew street, Germantown ; La Salle College (Roman Catholic), corner of Juniper and Filbert streets, and St. Joseph's College (Roman Catholic), 317 Willing's Alley. Two colleges established and controlled by the Society of Friends are located a short dis- tance from the city : Haverford College (Orthodox),. on the Penn- sylvania railroad, nine- miles out ; and Swarthmore College (Hicksite), about, fche same distance from the city, near Westdale Station, on the Westchester and Philadelphia railroad. PUBLIC LIBRARIES. The PhiladelpJiia Library^ established in 1731, principally through the efforts of Benjamin Franklin, has since increased by bequests and otherwise until it is now one of the most extensive in the country. It is located on Fifth, below Chestnut street, and is open daily, from 10 a.m. until sunset, for visitors. The Athenceum occupies a handsome building on the south-east comer of Sixth and Adelphi streets. It has a large library, a reading-room, chess-room, etc. The Mercantile Library is situated on Tenth street, north of Chester. It was founded in 1821 for the benefit of young men employed in the various mercantile establishments. It is the largest library in the city, containing 112,000 volumes of well- assorted books for popular reading. Besides these there are several other public libraries, including the German Library, on Seventh street, above Chestnut ; the Apprentices^ Library^ in the old Friends' meeting-house, corner of Fifth and Arch streets ; the Friends^ Free Library, 304 Arch street, SouthiDork Library, 765 South Second street ; Oirard Library, south-west corner of Sixth street and Girard avenue ; James Page Free Library, (jl-irard avenue, east of Shackamaxon street ; and the Friends' Association Library. There are also libraries connected with many of the literary, scientific, and reli- gious associations of the city. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATIONS. The American PJdlosopJiical Society sprang from the famous *' Junto," a club organized in 1727, in which Benjamin Franklin 3J. NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. was the leading spirit. Its rooms are in the building in Indepen- dence Square, jusb below Chestnut street on Fifth. It has a large library and an interesting collection of relics, including Thomas Jefferson's original draft of the Declaration of Independence. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania occupy rooms in the Athenceum Building, on Sixth and Adelphi streets. Here they have an in^oiesting museum and library. Open every Monday, from 8 A.M. to 10 p.m., except in July and August. The Academy of Natural Sciences will soon be removed from its old location, corner of Eroad and Sansom streets, to its new build- ing on Race street, opposite Logan Square. The cabinets of the society are rich in the various departments of natural history, zoology, botany, geology, and mineralogy, and the collections are said to form the best museum of the kind in the country. They include Dr. Morton's celebrated collection of crania. The Franklin Institute occupies a plain but substantial edifice on Seventh, abovhia Society for tlie Promotion of Agriculture oc- cupies a 'building on the corner of Ninth and Walnut streets. The society was instituted in 1857, and is the oldest agricultural society in the country. It has published several volumes of its transactions, and has a fine cabinet and library. The Numismatic Society has a full and fine collection of coins, etc. , at its cabinet, 927 Market street. Among the numerous other associations of a literary and scien- tific character may be mentioned the Philadelphia Lyceum., south- east corner of Mnth and Spring Garden streets ; the Philadelphia City Institute., north-east corner of Eighteenth and Chestnut streets; the Sowing Garden Institute, corner of Spring Garden and Broad streets ; the Wagner Free Institute of Science., corner of Seventeenth street and Montgomery avenue ; the West Phila- delphia Institute, corner of Market and Thirty-ninth streets ; the Mayamensing Institute, comer of Eleventh and Gatharine streets ; 33 NEW YORK TO WASHIXQTON: and the Kensington Institute, corner of Richmond and Shacka- maxon streets. The Entomological Society occupies rooms at 518 South Thir- teenth street. It has a large cabinet of specimens, and the finest entomological library in the United Scates. The Zoological Society was instituted in 1859, and a porbion of Fairmouut Park was set apart for its use. It was not used by the Society, however, until 1874, when the Zoological gardens, which are noticed in another place, were opened. The Horticultural Society occupies a building on Broad street, near Spruce, It was organized in 1829, incorporated in 1831, and is the oldest society of the kind in the United States. It gives semi-annual exhibitions, and has a valuable library. FINE ARTS. The Pennsylvania Acadamy of Fine Arts occupies a fine new building on the corner of Broad and Cherry streets. It is built of brick and stone, in the Venetian style of architecture, and is one of the most beautiful buildings in the city. The first floor is de- voted to a lecture room, class rooms, and the galleries of models, etc. ; the second floor, to the galleries of marbles and paintings, which include many noted works of art. The society was incor- porated in 180G, and is the oldest institution devoted to the fine arts in the United States. Its first building was partially destroyed by fire in 1845, when some fine casts, presented by the first Napo- leon, were destroyed ; also, a valuable picture by Murillo, "The Roman Daughter," which was presented to the society by Joseph Bonaparte. An annual exhibition of new pictures is held, but the galleries are open throughout the year. The Philadelphia Sketch Club was founded in 1861, and occupies rooms at 524 Walnut Street. It has a gallery, and is a favorite resort for artists and amateurs. The Fairmount Park Art Association is devoted to beautifying Fairmount Park with works of art, and has placed there a num- ber of very fine bronze and marble statues. BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. The Pennsylvania Hospital is the oldest in the city, being founded in 1752. It occupies the square between Pine, Spruce, 2* 33 NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. Eighth, and Mnth stxeets. It is surrounded by majestic trees, and exhibits considerable architectural beauty, though somewhat ven- erable in aspect. There are on the premises a hall for Surgical Clinics, and several other buildings. On the lawn facing Pine street, is a fine statue of William Penn. The whole revenue of this noble charity is devoted to the alleviation of the sufferings of the indigent poor. Visitors are admitted from 10 a.m. till sun- set, every day, except Sunday and the afternoon of Saturday. Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane. This is a branch of the Pennsylvania Hospital, and is located in West Philadelphia, Tdc- tween West Chester and Haverford roads, and its grounds, which are most beautifully adorned with trees, flowers, and shrubbery, embrace 113 acres. These grounds are divided into two parts, and on each of them a hospital building has been erected, capable of accommodating 250 patients, one being devoted to male and the other to female patients. The management of this institution is in accordance with the highest acquirements and refinements of modern medical and mental science, and a visit to it will be found instructive and interesting. The view from the dome of the female hospital is one of great beauty and extent. Market street cars pass the grounds. Visitors are admitted from 10 a.m. until sunset, except Sundays and Saturday afternoons. Friends'' Asylum for the Insane. This institution is located in the northern j^art of the city, near Frankf ord. It is supported by contributions from Friends and by the pay received from patients. Pennsylvania Deaf and Dumb Institution. This institution was founded in 1820 and the present edifice completed in 1825. it is located at the corner of Broad and Pine streets. The build- ing is of granite, measures 96 feet in front and extends back 235 feet. It accommodates about 150 pupils, who are treated with every regard for their welfare and the improvement of their un- fortunate condition. Visitors are admitted on week days. Pennsylzania Institution for the Blind, situated at the north- west corner of Race and Twentieth streets, was founded by the State in 1883. Instruction given to the pupils in plain English branches. Particular attention is paid to music; and many of the pupils become so proficient that they are enabled to gain a livelihood by becoming organists, teachers of music, etc. They 34 NEW YOBK TO WASHINGTON. are also taught in various industries in the workshops. Visitors are admitted on application to the principal. On Wednesday afternoon, from three to five, concerts are given, accompanied by a full orchestra. A small admission fee is charged to avoid too great a crowd. The Race and Vine street cars pass the building. Philadelphia Alm-id Pine streets. Pennsylvania Hospital, corner Eighth and Pine streets. Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, West Philadelphia, between West Ches- ter and Haverford roads. Philadelphia Lying-in Asylum, 229 Arch street. Philadelphia Almshouse, West Phila- delphia. Philadelphia Orphan Asylum, comer Race and Eighteenth streets. Presbytei-ian Hospital, corner Thirty- ninth and Filbert streets. Preston Retreat, corner Twentieth and Hamilton streets. State Hospital for Women and In- fants, 171S Filbert street. St. Ann's Widow's Asylum, Moyamen- sing road, near Christian street. St. Francis' Hospital, corner Fourth sti-eet and Girard avenue. St. John's Orphan Asylum, Westmin- ster avenue, near Forty-ninth street. St. Joseph's Female Orphan Asylum, corner Seventh and Spruce streets. St. Joseph's Ho^picid, Girard avenue, between Sixteenth and Sevent^ench streets. St. Mary's Hospital, corner Frankford road and Palmer street. St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, corner Wood and Eighteenth streets. United States Naval Asylum, Gray's Ferry road. Western Home for Children, corner Forty-first and Venango streets. Widows' Asylum, corner Eighteenth and Cherry streets. Wills' Hospital, corner Eighteenh and Race streets. Woman's Hospital, corner Twenty- second street and North College avenue. PRISONS. The State Penitentiary for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, located on Fairmount Avenue, a little east of the Fairmounb Water-works, -n-as bniltin 1829. The g-rounds comprise a square tract of about eleven acres, formerly known as Cherry Hill Farm, and hence the prison is sometimes called Cherry Hill prison. NEW YORK TO WASHINOTON. They are enclosed by a stone wall thirty feet high. Visitors can obtain tickets of admission from the Mayor of the city, or from any of the Inspectors. Green and Coates street cars (green cars) pass the prison. The Cotmty Prison of Philadelphia is situated on the Passyunk Road, in what was formerly the Moyamensing district, about a mile south of the old city. It is constructed oi Quincy granite, in the Tudor Gothic style of architecture. Tickets of admission are obtained at the Mayor's office, corner of Fifth and Chestnut streets. Tenth street cars pass by the prison. The House of Refuge is at the corner of Twenty-second and Poplar streets, near the western end of the Girard College Grounds, and a little north of the State Penitentiary. Originally built by private liberality, it has been recognized by an act of the Legislature of the State. Visitors are admitted with tickets, which may be obtained from any of the Board of Managers. The Ridge avenue cars and the Green and Coates street cars pass quite near the building. The House of Correction^ for the reception of persons guilty of slight offences, is situated on the south bank of Pennypack Creek, at its junction with the Delaware River. It occupies a plot of ground of more than two hundred acres, most of which is devoted to farming purposes. The buildings are extensive, comprising a large main building and eight wings. It was "fully completed and opened in January, 1874. Tickets of admission may be had of any of the managers, and the institution may be reached by the Pennsylvania Railroad, stopping at Holmesburg station. PUBLIC SQUAKES AND PARKS. These are numerous and very ornamental to the city. They are laid out with well-kept walks, majestic trees, green and luxuriant grass-plofcs, and sparkling fountains. As they resemble each other in their general features, it is only necessary to give the name and location of the more important ones. Independence Square, between Chestnut, Walnut, Fifth, and Sixth streets, formerly the property of the State, was conveyed to the city to be kept open as a public square. Washington Square is between Walnut, Sixth, and two short streets. It was formerly a " Potter's Field," or grave-yard for paupers, but it is now one of the finest of the public squares. 2^EW YORK TO WASHIXOTOK Franklin Square is between 6th, Race, Vine, and Franklin sts. Logan Square^ bounded by Race, Vine, 18th, and 19th sts. RittenJwuse Square^ between Walnut, Locust, Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets. In the neighborhood of these last two squares are many elegant private residences. Jefferson Square is between Third and Fourth streets, extend- ing from Washington to Federal streets. It contains 2^ acres. Passyunk Square occupies a portion of the old Parade ground between Twelfth and Thirteenth, Wharton and Reed streets. Norris Square^ given to the city by Isaac Parker Norris, is bounded by Susquehanna avenue, Hancock, Howard, and Diamond streets. Fairhill Square, on Lehigh avenue, is also on a plot presented to the city by the Norris family. Sliackamaxon Square, a small tract at the junction of Maiden street and Frankford Road. Germantown Square, Cortlandt and Wyoming streets, is half an acre in extent and is around the old town hall of Germantown. Union Square is at the junction of Fifth and Buttonwood sts. Thouron Square is at the junction of Sixth street and German- town Road. FAIRMOUNT PARK. This is one of the largest parks in the world, containing about 2800 acres. It is situated on both sides of Schuylkill river, com- mencing on the east side at Callowhill street, and extending five and one-half miles along the bank to the mouth of the Wissa- hickon, and along that stream seven and one-half miles to Chest- nut Hill. In the lower part of this portion are the old Fairmount water-works and reservoirs, just north of the Spring Garden Bridge. The Graff Memorial, Leda-and-the-Swan fountain, some wooden statues by Rush, and other beautiful objects, adorn the park. The Art Gallery, which is free to all visitors, is near the Green street and Fairmount avenue entrance. It contains some valuable paintings. On the river bank are beautifully constructed boat-houses, for the use of amateur boat clubs. Passing north- ward, under Girard Avenue Bridge, the portion known as the East Park is entered. Just north of the bridge are the Schuylkill Water Works and Reservoir, which holds seven hundred and fifty 89 4 it m ' ^^^ \ 1 . 'i;/: i .^i «»* IfEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. million gallons. The upper portion of the East Park is very beau- tiful. The roads and hills and trees, the quiet little lakes and the dashing cascades, all combine to make a ride through it most de- lightful, and the drives are much frequented. The portion of Fairmount Park west of the river is called the West Park, noted now as being the place where the Centennial Exhibition is held. The West Park commences at Spring-Garden street, and extends northward to a point on the Schuylkill nearly opposite to the mouth of Wissahickon creek. At G-irard avenue it widens out to about two miles, but other portions are from half a mile to a mile in width. The southern end of the Park is occupied by the Zo- ological Gardens, which are maintained by the Zoological Society. The collection of animals and birds is very creditable, including some that are rare. The grounds are handsomely laid out, and comprise about thirty-three acres. Within the enclosure is John Penn's villa, which he named " Solitude," where he lived in seclu- sion for a number of years. A fee of twenty-five cents is charged for admission to the gardens. Nature has done much to render this and other portions of the West Park inviting, and it is adorned by many beautiful works of art. The drives are delightful, afford- ing a series of charming views. FAIRMOUNT WATER- WORKS. These are a source of just pride to Philadelphians, and will well repay a visit from the tourisii. They are situated on the east bank of the Schuylkill, within the East Park, just described. The water is pumped up from the Schuylkill River into reservoirs : the height, when full, being 102 feet above the river, and 56 feet above the highest ground in the city. There are four main reser- voirs, covering together about six acres, divided from each other by stone walls, and their combined capacity is 26,896,630 gallons. The ground was artificially raised for the purpose, in some parts to the height of forty feet above that of the original hill. The power used in pumping is that of the river itself, and the pumps and water-wheels are objects of great interest to all, and especially to those interested in mechanical science. There are several tur- bine wheels here of great economy and power. The dam across the river, by which the power is obtained, is worthy of notice. It is 1248 feet in length, and was erected in 1819. It is built of 40 N-EW YORK TO WASHINQTOK stone, upon a rock foundation, the bottom of the river having been excavated in some places for this purpose to the depth of thirty feet. It has so far successfully withstood' the heaviest freshets, in some instances having more than ten feet of water flowing- over it. Besides the Fairmount Water- Works there are four others, namelj^, the Schuylkill Water- Wor?is^ at the foot of Thompson street ; the Delaware Works on the Delaware river, at the foot of Wood street ; the Belmont fVbrks, on the west side of the Schuylkill, below the. Reading Railroad bridge ; and the Rox- borough Works, on the east bank of the Schuylkill, above Mana- yunk, on the line of the Philadelphia and Norristown Railroad. CEMETERIES. The cemeteries of Philadelphia are noted for their rural and picturesque beauty, the good taste of the monuments, and the pains taken to render them beautiful and attractive. Laurel Hill Cemetery is one of the most beautiful in America. It is situated between the Ridge Road and the Schuylkill River, jusb below the Falls Bridge of the Reading Railroad. It consists of two portions, the older called North, and the newer South Laurel Hill. The entrance is built of brown-stone in Doric style, the entablature being supported by eight fluted columns. Within the grounds are a Gothic chapel, the Superintendent's residence, an observatory commanding a fine view of the river and opposite shore, a hot-house for flowers and shrubbery, lodges for the accom- modation of attendants, etc. Access is had by the Ridge avenue cars, and by small steamboats from Fairmount in summer. Mount Vernon Cemetery is adjacent to Laurel Hill on the other side of Ridge avenue ; it is newer, but very attractive. Glenwood Cemetery is at the comer of Ridge avenue and Isling- ton lane, about a mile north-west of Grirard College. The Odd Fellows' Cemetery is a little north-east of the Glen- wood, on Islington lane. Monument Cemetery is on Broad street, between Montgomery avenue and Diamond street. Woodland Cemetery adjoins the Aims-House tract on the west side of the SchuylkQl River, a little above Gray's Ferry. Bonaldson's Cemetery, situated on Tenth, Bainbridge, and Fitz- water streets. It contains handsome monuments and tombstones. 41 2iEW YOPcK TO WASHING TON. CatJiedral Cemetery (Roman Catholic) occupies a large enclos- ure on Lancaster avenue, between 48th and 51st streets. There are naany smaller cemeteries in different parts of the city. OTHER OBJECTS OF INTEREST. The Penn Mansion.^ near the Delaware River, in Letitia Court, below Market, between Front and Second streets, was the residence of William Penn in 1682-3, and probably the first brick building built in Philadelphia. The material was sent out before Penn came to Pennsylvania, that the house might be ready for his occupation when he should arrive. Letitia Court; is named after his daughter, to whom the house was afterwards given. Car 21 enters' Hall, situated in Carpenters' court, running south from Chestnut street below Fourth. Here the first Congress of the United Colonies of North America assembled. The building is of brick, two stories high, with a cupola. It is occupied by the Car- penters' Company as of old. Hultsheimer'' s Hotel^ the residence of Thomas Jefferson at the time he wrote the Declaration of Independence, is situated at the south-west corner of Seventh and Market streets. • Jefferson rented the second floor of the proprietor, Jacob Graff. l.he Old Mint, standing on the east side of Seventh street, above Filbert st., was the first United States building erected in the country, in 1792. It was used as a mint until 1832. The Wilson Scliool House is on the Darby Road, west of the Darby Railroad Depot. It is now used for a blacksmith shop. In 1800 it was known as the Union School House of Kingsessing, and the school was in charge of Alexander Wilson, the American ornithologist, from 1800 to 1804. In the latter yeir he left the school to devote himself to the study of ornithology, and four years after the first volume of his splendid work was published. RAILROAD DEPOTS. Pennsylvania Railroad Depot — Thiitj -third and Market streets, reached by the ilarket street cars, to which passengers are transferred from the Tenth and Eleventh street. Twelfth and Sixteenth sti-eet, Thirteenth and Fifteenth street, and the Seventeenth and Nineteenth street lines. Kensington Depot. — Front and Berks streets, reached by the Fifth and Sixth street cars ; the white cars of the Second and Third street line ; and the Union line carries passengers to within one block of it. North Pennsylvania Depot. — Berks and American streets, reached by the Fifth and Sixth street cars, and the gi-een cars of the Second and Third street hue. 43 y-EW YORK TO WASHINGTON. Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Depot.— Eroa&. street and Washing- ton avenne, reached by the Union line, Thirteenth and Fifteenth sti-eet line, and by exchange tickets, by the Lombard and South street, the Spruce and Pine street, Chestnut and Walnut, Race and Vine, Market, and the Arch street cars. Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Depot. — Thirteenth and Callowhill streets, reached directly by the Callowhill street line, and the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Ftreet line. An exchange ticket via the Callowhill street line will carry passengers to it by way of any line running north and south, except the Union line. Germantown Depot. — Ninth and Green streets, reached by the Union line, and by both lines running up Eighth street. Trains leave the Germantown depot for Germantown, Chestnut Hill, Manayunk, Conshohocken, Norristown, Plymouth Railroad, Chester Valley Railroad, Perkio- men Railroad, Pickering Valley, Colebrookdale, Phoenixville and Pottstown. West Jersey Depot. — ^At Camden, N. J. Railroad running to Cape May. Reached by ferry at foot of Market street. The Union \me and Market street line run to Front and Market streets, and passengers on the line of Tenth and Eleventh, Thirteenth and Fifteenth, Twelfth and Sixteenth, and Seventeenth and Nineteenth street cars can reach it by an exchange ticket over the Market st. road. Camden and Atlantic Depot. — Foot of Vine street, reached by Race and Vine street cars, or an exchange over this line from anywhere on Tenth and Eleventh, Thirteenth and Fifteenth, Twelfth and Sixteenth, and Seventeenth and Nine- teenth street lines. HACK FARES. Distance not exceeding one mile. — One passenger with trunk or valise, 75 cents. Two passengers, $1.25. Each additional passenger, 25 cents. Distance, over a mile and not more than two miles. — One passenger, $1.25 and 50 cents more for each mile or fraction of a mUe above two miles. Each addi- tional passenger, 50 cents, j^" Twelve squares are a legal mUe. When engaged by the hour, $1.50 per hour is the legal rate. STREET CARS. No city in the United States has so complete and so convenient a system of street cars as Philadelphia. The rate of fare is seven cents, but exchange tickets good for any connecting lines, on the day they are issued, are sold for nine cents. The passenger should be careful to inquire of the conductor as to the lines' oq which the exchange tickets can be used. The Cars run through the following Streets : Going North. Going South. Going East, Going West, Third street. Second street. Columbia avenue. Master street. Fifth street. Fourth street. Girard avenue. Girard avenue. Eighth street. Sixth street. Wallace street. Poplar street. Ninth street. Seventh street. Green street. Fairmount avenue. Eleventh street. Tenth street. Spring Garden st. Spring Garden st. Fifteenth str?et. Twelfth street. CriUowhill street. Callowhill s^treet. Sixteenth street. Thirteenth street. Race street. Vine street. Eighteenth street. Seventeenth street. Arch street. Arch street. Nineteenth street. Twentieth street. Filbert street. Market street. Twenty-third street. Twenty-third street. Market street. Sansom street. Chestnut street. Walnut street. Spruce street. Pine street, Lombard street. South street. 4ii NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. HOTELS. Name. Location. No. of Rooms. Capacity. Charge Per Day. Allegheny 814 Market 100 180 76 400 60 70 200 62 100 117 307 50 50 500 50 150 60 ~m 400 1,000 60 60 102 130 50 50 150 384 75 60 83 60 100 50 120 175 175 200 115 100 135 50 500 300 60 150 90 250 600 125 2,000 100 200 600 130 300 300 700 125 125 1,000 200 350 150 400 125 800 4,500 240 105 200 200 100 1.50 350 1,000 100 150 350 150 240 200 175 400 400 400 200 200 450 160 1000 6(10 125 350 175 $2.00 3.00 517 Chestnut Arch Street House 1 Arch. Thirty-fourth & Walnut. 257 North Second 314 Race Barlev Sheaf $1.75 Binder's Bingham Black Bear Eleventh & Market 425 North Third 352 North Second 831 Market $3.00 2.25 Black Horse 2.00 2.00 Colonnade Fifteenth & Chestnut.... Ill North Broad 820 Market $3.50 & 5.00 2.50 2.00 Continental Ninth & Chestnut 6 & 8 South Del. Av 227 North Third 5.00 2.00 2.50 European .... 315 Arch . European Forrest Mansion Hotel Broad & Master European Franklin Square Girard Franklin &Vine... Chestnut, below Ninth . . Elm & Belmont Av 1311 Market $2.50 & 3.50 4.50 Globe Great Western 5.00 2.00 & 2.50 Guy Seventh & Chestnut 919 Walnut $3.00 & 5.00 3.50 La Pierre Broad, below Chestnut.. 319 North Fourth 919 Chestnut Lincoln 2.00 Markoe 3.00 Merchants 413 North Third 42 North Fom-th 413 North Sixth 1.75 3.00 & 4.00 Montgomery 2.50 New Market 1619 Market 2.00 Pennsylvania Manor. . Pennsylvania Farmer. Eed Lion Eighth & Spring Garden. 346 North Third 472 North Second 923 Chestnut 2.00 1.50 2.00 3.00 Ridgway 1 Market 3.00 St. Charles 54 North Third European 709 Arch $3.00 St Elmo. 317 Arch $2.50 & 3.00 Broad & Walnut 310 Race 2.00 & 3.00 St. Stephen's Chestnut, above Tenth . . 327 Vine 3.00 & 5.00 2.00 Trans Continental United States. Ninth & Chestnut 42d & Columbia Av 9 Wahiut 5.00 European United States European Washington . . . Chestnut, above Seventh. 1524 Chestnut $3.00 & 4.50 West End • European STREETS AND NUMBERS. The streets running east and west, from the Delaware to the Schuylkill, are named, while the principal ones running north and south are numbered, com- mencing at the Delaware river with First street, which is also called Front street. The system of numbering is very simple, each square commencing with a new 44 NEW YORK TO WASBINOTON. hundred. Many of the squares are intersected by short and narrow streets. The streets running north and south are numbered each way from Market street. The following list gives the names of streets running east and west, on each side of and parallel with Market street. The numbers refer to the cross-streets. For in- stance, on North Fifth street, from lilarket to Arch streets, is one square, and the numbers run from 1 to 100. NO. NORTH. 1 Market, Filbert. — Commerce, Chm-ch. 100 Arch, Cherry. 200 Race, Branch, New. 300 Vine, Wood. 400 Callowhill, Willow. — Noble, Margaretta. 500 Suttonwood. — Spring Garden. 600 Crreen. — Mount Vernon. — Wallace, Melon. 700 Fairniount avenue. — (31ive. 800 Brown. Parrish. — Ogden. 900 Poplar, Laurel. — Beaver, George. 120') Girard avenue, Stiles. 1300 Thompson, Seybert. 1400 Master. 1.500 Jefferson. 16 Oxford. 1700 Columbia avenue. 1800 Montgomery avenue. 1900 Berks. 2000 Norrih, Otis. 2100 Diamond. 2200 Susquehanna. 2300 Dauphin. 2400 York. 2500 Cumberland. 2600 Huntingdon. 2700 Lehigh avenue. 2800 Somerset. 2^'O0 Cambria. 3000 Indiana. 3100 Clearfield. 32U0 Alleghany. NO. SOUTH. 1 Market, Jayne. — Merchant, Minor. 100 Chestnut. Sansom. — Library, Dock. 200 Walnut, Locust. 300 Spruce, Union. 400 Pine. 500 Lombard, Gaskill. 600 South. 700 Bainbridge. — Monroe. — Fitzwater, German. 800 Catharine, Queen. 900 Christian. Marriott. 1000 Carpenter. 1100 Washington. — Ellsworth. 1200 Federal, Marion. 1300 Wharton. 1400 Reed. 1500 Dickinson. — Greenwich. 1600 Tasker. 1700 Morris, Pierce. 1800 Moore, Siegel. 1900 Mifflin. 2000 McKean. 2100 Snyder. 2200 Jackson. 2300 Wolf. 2400 Ritner. 2500 Porter. 2600 Shunk. 2700 Oregon avenue. 2800 Johnson. 2900 Bigler. 3000 Pollock. 3100 Packer. 3200 Curtin. Name. CLUB-HOUSES. German Society Merchants' Penn. ... Philadelphia Press Reform Sketch Social Art St. George State in Schuylkill . Tinicum Pish Union League . Location. .24 S. Seventh street. .246 S. Third street. .233 S. Eighth street. . 13th and Walnut streets. .505 Chestnut street. .1520 Chestnut street. .10 Merrick street. .1525 Chestnut street. .1.300 Arch street. .(Fish H.) G-ray's Ferry. , . Tinicum. .Broad about Walnut. . 45 NEW YORK TO WiSHINGTON. CHURCHES. These are abimdant in Philadelphia, there beino: 9S Episcopal, 101 Presbyte- rian, 43 Roman Catholic, 71 Baptist, 100 Methodist, 32 Lutheran, 16 Dutch Reformed, 4 Moravian, 4 Universalist, 2 Unitarian, 9 Jewish synagofjues, 2 Congregational, 6 Evangelical Associa- tion, 1 French Protesti^nt, 4 Sweden- borgian. Besides these, the Friends have 17 meeting-houses. The following list comprises the prin- cipal churches in different parts of tha city. BAPTIST. Berean, Chestnut street, above 40th. Beth-Eden, cor. Broad and Spruce sts. Broad St., cor. Broad and Brown sts. Fifth, cor.lSth and Spring Garden sts. First, cor. Broad and Arch streets. First, West Philadelphia, cor. 36th and Chestnut streets. Fourth, cor. Fifth and Buttonwood sts. Gcthsemane, corner Eighteenth street and Columbia avenue. Memorial, cor. Broad and Master sts. Tabernacle, Chestnut st., above 18th. CONGREGATIONAL. ; Central, cor. 18th and Green sts. Plymouth, cor. 19th and Master sts. EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION. Christ Church, Eighth street, below Girard avenue. Southwark, Fifth street, below Car- penter. FRENCH PROTESTANT. Free Church, 1512 Chestnut street. FRIENDS (Orthodox). Northern District, 6th and Noble sts. Fourth and Arch sts., fifth days only. Orange, above 7th st., first days only. Western District, Twelfth street, be- low Market, first and fourth days only. FRIENDS (Hicksites). Race, above Fifteenth street, first and fonrth days. Girard avenue and Seventeenth st. Green street, cor. Fourth street. Spruce street, cor. Ninth street. HEBREWS. Rodef Shalom, Broad and Mount "Vernon stxoets. House of Israel, Crown street, be- tween Race and Vine streets. 46 Keneseth Israel (Reform), Sixth, above Brown street. Mikve Israel, 7th st., above Arch. LUTHERAN. Eng-lish (General Council). Holy Communion, south-west corner Broad and Arch streets. St. John's, Race street, between Fifth and Sixth. St. Mark's, Spring Garden, above Thirteenth street. German (General Council). Emanuel, corner Fourth and Carpen- ter streets. Zion, Franklin street, above Race. St. John's, cor, 15th and Ogden sts. Scandinavian. Meets Sunday afternoon, at four o'clock, in St. Mark's, Spring Garden street, above 13th. METHODIST EPISCOPAL. Arch Street, southeast corner Broad and Arch streets. Grace, Broad and Master streets. Green Street, Green st., above 10th. Spring Garden, Twentieth and Spring Garden streets, MORAVIAN. First, corner Franklin and Wood sts. PRESBYTERIAN. Alexander, corner Nineteenth and Green streets. Arch Street, Arch, above Tenth st. Bethany, Bainbridge and Twenty- second streets. First, corner Seventh and Locust sts. Immanuel, Tenth and Filbert streets. North Broad Street, corner Broad and Green streets. Oxford Street, Broad and Oxford sts. Second, 21st and Walnut streets. Tenth, Tenth and Walnut streets. Central, corner 8th and Cherry sts. Third (old Pine Street), Fourth and Pine streets. West Arch Street, corner Eighteenth and Arch streets. West Spruce Street, Spruce and Sev- enteenth streets. PRESBYTERIAN (Reformed). First, Broad, below Spruce street. NEW YORK TO WASHING TOK PRESBYTEKIAN (United), Second, Race, below Sixteenth street PROTEST ajs:t episcopal. Christ Church, Second street, above Market. Church of the Epiphany, comer Fif- teenth and Chestnut streets. Church of the Holy Trinity, corner Nineteenth and Walnut streets. Church of the Holy Incarnation, cor- ner Broad and Jeii'erson streets. St. Andrew's, Eighth street, above Spruce street. St. Mark's, Locust street, above Six- teenth street. St. Peter's, corner Third and Pine sts. St. Stephen's, Tenth street, above Chestnut street. REFORMED EPISCOPAL. Second, meet in hall, corner Twenty- fii'st and Chestnut streets. REFORMED (Dutch) CHURCH. First, Race street, below Fourth st. ROMAN CATHOLIC. Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, ISth street, opposite Logan Square. Assumption, Spring G-arden, below Twelfth street. Holy Trinity (German), corner Sixth and Spruce streets. St. Augustine, 4th st., below "Vine. St. John the E\-angelist, Thirteenth street, above Chestnut. St. Maf^'"s, Fourth st., above Spruce. SWEDENBORGIAN. Philadelphia, Cherry street, west of Twentieth. UNITARIAN. First, corner Tenth and Locust sts. UNIVERSALISTS. Chm-ch of the Messiah, Locust street, below Broad. Church of the Restoration, Master street, above Sixteenth. ASYLUMS, DISPENSARIES, AND HOSPITALS. RULES FOR ADMISSION TO HOSPITALS. The general rules in force at the above Hospitals require application to be made to the Steward in charge, or through the Managers on duty, to secure permits for the admission of patients, except in cases that result from accident. Accident cases are received at any hour of the day or night, no permit being required provided patients are brought to the Hospital within twenty-four hours after the receipt of the injury. Name. Location. Charity Hospital of Philadelphia 1882 Hamilton Street. Children's Hospital Twenty-second street above Locust. Church Dispensary of South wark 1719 South Ninth street. City Municipal Hospital Hart lane and Lamb Tavern road. Christ Church Hospital Belmont av. and Monument road. Dispensary for Skin Diseases 216 South Eleventh street. Eye and Ear Institute of the Philadelphia Dis- pensary Thirteenth and Chestnut streets. Fi'anklin Reformatory Home for Inebriates.. .913 Locust street. Friends' Asylum for the Insane Near Frankford. German Hospital Corinthian and Girard avenues. Germantown Hospital Shoemaker's lane, near Chew street. Gynaecological Hospital Olney road. Hospital for Nervous Diseases Main street. Chestnut Hill. Hospital of the Protestant Episcopal Church. .Front and Huntingdon streets. Hospital of the Jefferson Medical College Sansom street above Tenth. Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. . .Thirty-fourth and Spruce streets. Howard Hospital and Infirmary for Incurables.1518 and 1520 Lombard street. Infirmary for Diseases of the Ear 4'i South Seventeenth street. Jewish Hospital Olney road. Magdalen Asylum Twenty-first street above Race Northern Dispensary of Philadelphia, for the Medical Relief of the Poor 608 Fairmount avenue. Old Man's Home Powelton and Saunders avenues. Orphans' Home and Asylum for Aged and In- firm of Evangelical Lutheran Church 5580 Germantown avenue. 47 NEW YORK TO WAS RING TOK Name. Location. Penn Widows' Asylum Belgrade street above Otis. ' Pennsylvania Hospital Eighth and Spruce streets. Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane Forty-fourth and Haverford road. Philadelphia Dispensary 127 South Fifth street. Philadelphia Hospital Darby road, below Spruce street. Philadelphia Orthopaedic Hospital N.W. Cor. Seventeenth and Summer Presbyterian Hospital Thirty-ninth and Filbert streets. Preston Retreat. (Lying-in, Charity) Twentieth and Hamilton streets. St. Ann's Widow Asylum 906 Moj^amensing avenue. St. John's (Male) Orphan Asylum Westminster ave. and Forty -ninth. St. Joseph's Hospital Girard avenue and Sixteenth street. St. Joseph's (Female) Orphan Asylum TOO Spruce street. St. Mary's Hospital •; Palmer street and Frankford road. St. Vincent's Orphan's A sylum Tacony. Southern Dispensary 318 Bainbridge street. Southern Home for Destitiite Children Twelfth and Fitzwater streets. State Hospital for Women and Infants 1718 Filbert street. United States Naval Asylum Gray's Ferry Rd. below Bainbridge. United States Naval Hospital Gray's Ferry Rd. below Bainbridge. Wills' Opthhalmic Hospital Race street below Nineteenth. Women's Hospital of Philadelphia North College avenue and 22d st. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. Name. Location. HOUES OP Admission. Wheke to Procxire Tickets OF Admission. Asylum for the Blind Blockley Almshouse. Court House Custom House Eastern Penitentiary Fairmount Park Art Association House of Correction . 20th and Race sts. . . 34th and Darby road. Chestnut above 5th. . Chestnut above 4th. . Fairmount ave. be- low 22d street 9 to 5 every day I except Saturday, Tues., Thms.. and Sat., 9 to 5 P.M. . House of Refuge. Independence Hall . . League Island Navy, Masonic Temple Morgue National Museum New Post-OflHce Penn. Institution for Deaf and Dumb. . . Philadelphia Coimty Prison Green st. Entrance . Bridesburg 23d and Parrish sts. . Chestnut above 5th. . League Island Broad and Filbert sts. Beach and Noble sts . Independence Hall.. 9th and Chestnut sts. Broad and Pine sts. . . Passyunk ave. below Reed street Post-Offlce Chestnut below 5th. . Public Buildings | Broad and Market. . . United States Arse n'l' Bridesburg United States Arsen'l! Gray's Ferry road. . . United States Mint. . i Juniper and Chestnut Young Men's Chris- 1 tian Association. . . 1 15th and Chestnut sts 48 9 a.m. to 3 p.M 1 to 5 P.M., except Sat. and holidays Every day Monday, Wednes'y and Fri. 10 to 2. Mondav, Wednes'y and Fri., 10 to 2. 8 A.M. to 10 p.M Every day 10 to 2, Thursday. . Tues., Thurs., and Sat., 9 to 5 P.M. 8 A.M. to 10 P.M... Being erected Every Thursday, 3 P.M. No ticket required. From Managers. No ticket required. From Inspectors. No ticket required. 51 N. 6th street. 21 N. 7th street. No ticket required. Every day ex. Sat., 9 to 12 and 2 to 4 All hours Being erected. From Judges of the Courts and Pris- on Inspectors. No ticket required. Every day 10 to 12 o'clock.. Every day. No ticket required. At the door. No ticket required. NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. BANKS. Name. Bank of America Clearing House Bank Bank of North America. . . Centennial National Bank. Capital. $■.'50,000 Central National Bank City National Bank Commercial National Bank Commonwealth National Bank Consolination National Bank Corn Exchange Bank Eighth National Bank Farmers' and Mechanics' National Bank. First National Bank Girard National Bank Kensington National Bank Keystone Bank Manayunk Bank Merchants' Exchange Bank Manufacturers' National Bank Mechanics' National Bank National Bank of Commerce National Bank of G-ermantown National Bank of Northern Liberties National Bank of the Republic National Security Bank Peun National Bank People's Bank Philadelphia National Bank Second National Bank Seventh National Bank Shackamaxon Bank Sixth National Bank Southwark National Bank Spring Garden Bink State Bank of Camden, N. J Third National Bank Tradesmen's National Bank Twenty-second Ward Bank Union Banking Company , Union National Bank I] nited States Banking Company West Philadelphia Bank Western National Bank 1,000,000 800,000 750.000 400,000 810,000 300,000 300,000 500,000 275,000 2.000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 :i50,000 400.000 100,000 100,000 1,000,000 b(,0,000 250,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 250.000 5U0,000 100,000 1,500.000 300,000 250,000 300,000 150,000 250,000 250,000 2()0,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 700.000 500,000 200,000 500,000 400,000 Location. 30R Walnut street. 429 Chestnut street. 307 Chestnut street. ) 3126 Market street. } Branch on Exhib'n Grounds 109 South Fourth street. 32 North Sixth street. 314 Chestnut street, 400 Walnut street. 331 North Third street. Second and Chestnut streets. Second and Girard avenue. 427 Chestnut street. 313 Chestnut street. IK) South Third street. 909 Beach street. 1326 Chestnut street. 4371 Main street, Manayunk. 133 South Third street. 27 North Third street. 22 South Third street. 209 Chestnut street. 4800 Germantown avenue. Third and Vine streets. 320 Chestnut street. Seventh and Girard avenue. Sixth and Vine streets. 437 Chestnut street. 423 Chestnut street. 4434 Frankford avenue. 401 Market street. 1737 Franlvford avenue. Second and Pine streets. 610 South Second street. Spring Garden and Bidge ave, 212 Church street. 1428 Market street. Ill South Third street. 4850 Germantown avenue. 310 Chestnut street. 101 North Third street. Tenth and Chestnut streets. 3938 Market street. 408 Chestnut street. SAFE DEPOSIT AND TRUST COMPANIES. Name. Capital. Location. Fidelity Insurance, Trust, and Safe Deposit Company $1,500,000 329 Chestnut street. Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit Company 1,100.000 320 Chestnut street. Penn Trust and Safe Deposit Company ICO.OOO Spring Garden and Ridge ave. Pennsylvania Company for Insurances ' on Lives and Granting Annuities. . . 2,000,000 431 Chestnut street. Philadelphia Trust and Safe Deposit Company 1,000,000 417 Chestnut street. Pennsylvania Warehousing Company. 250,000 58 South Third street Philadelphia Warehousing Company. . 1,000,000 Dock street below Third. 3 40 NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. SAVING FUNDS. Name. Location, B3neficial 1200 Chestnut street. Germantown 4()08 Germantown avenue. Northern 6th and Spring Garden. Philadelphia 700 Walnut street. Western 1000 Walnut street. FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL ASSOCIATIONS- NAAfE. Location. Board of Brokers 21 Merchants' Exchange. Board of Trade Mercantile Library Building, Tenth sti-eet. Chamber of Commerce 133 South Second street. Commercial Exchange 133 South Second street. Grocers' (The) Wholesale Association.119 South Front street. Philadelphia Drag Exchange 17 South Third street. Philadelphia Exchange Company Third and Walnut streets. Maritime Exchange 131 South Second street. Tobacco Trade of Philadelphia 31 North Water street. ART AND SCIENCE ASSOCIATIONS. Name. Location. Academy of Natural Sciences Nineteenth and Eace streets. Academy of Fine Arts Broad and Cheny streets, AthenaBum Society of Philadelphia Sixth and Adelphi streets, American Philosophical Society 104 South Fifth street. American Entomological Society 518 South Thirteenth street. Carpenters' Company of Philadelphia 322 Chestnut street. Fairmount Park Art Association Green st. Entrance, Fairmount Park. Franklin Institute 15 South Seventh street. Germantown Scientific Society 483G Germantown avenue. Historical Society of Pennsylvania 820 Spruce street. Law Association of Philadelphia Sixth and Walnut streets. Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia Eighteenth and Chestnut streets. Philadelphia School of Design for Women. . .Merrick and Filbert streets. Zoological Society of Philadelphia 35th street and Girard avenue. PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. ^T ^ Character of Name. Location. Amusement. • Academy of Music Broad and Locust Streets. . Operatic. Arch Street Opera House Arch Street above 10th Minstrels. Arch Street Theater 60!) Arch Street Dramatic, Chestnut Street Theater 1218 Chestnut Street Dramatic, Enoch's Variety Theater 7th Street below Arch Variety. Eleventh Street Opera House 11th Street below Market. . . Minstrels. Fox's New American Theater Chestnut Street above 10th.. Variety. Grand Central Theater Walnut Street above 8th Variety. Kiralfy's Alham. Palace Garden.. Broad Street below Locust. . Orchestral. New National Theater 10th tmd Callowhill Street. . Vai-iety. Theo. Thomas' Orchestra Broad and Master Streets. . Orchestral. Walnut Street Theater 9th and Walnut Streets Dramatic. Wood's Museum . . 9th and Arch Streets 60 JVUW YOMK TO WASHIXGTON. CONCERT HALLS. Name. Location. Blind Asylum Twentieth and Race Streets. Concert Hall 1221 Chestnut Street. Continental Hall 806 G-irard Avenue. Handel and Haydn Hall ^'i North Eighth Street. Horticultural Hall Broad Street near Locust. Mcennerchor Hall 717 Fairmonnt Avenue. Musical Fund Hall 808 Locust Street. National Guards' Hall 520 Race Street. Washington Hall 810 Spring Garden Street. LIBRARIES AND READING ROOMS. Name. Location. American Baptist Historical Society 530 Arch Street. American Mechanics' Library Fourth and George Streets. Athenasuiu Library Sixth and Adelphia Streets. Apprentices' Library Asaociatian 5-0 Arch Street. American Protestant Hall and Librarj^ Association. 1415 Locust Street, Friends' Library 304 Arch Street. Germantown Library 4S3S Germantown Avenue. James Page Library Company 208 East Girard Avenue. Library Association of Friends Race and Fifti-enth Streets. Library Company of Phila lelphia Fifth and Library Streets, Library of the German Society 24 South Seventh Street. Library of the Law Association 582 Walnut Street. Mercantile Library Company Tenth above Chestnut Street. Mechanics' Institute Library 1110 South Fifth Street. Moyamensing Library Eleventh and Catharme Sts, Odd-Fellows' Library e0(i North Third Street. Philadelphia City Institute Library Eighteenth and Chi-stnut Sts. Spring Garden Institute 1.341) Spring Garden Street, South wark Library Company 7(15 Sotith Second Street. Wm. Brotherhead's Library 235 S ntth Thirteenth Street. West Philadelphia Institute Library 4050 Market Street. Wagners Free Institute of Science Seventeenth and Montgomery. The Ridgway Branch of the Philadelphia Library . Broad and Christian Streets. COLLEGES. Academy of the Protestant Episcopal Church. ... .Locust and Juniper Streets. OoUege of Physicians of Philadelphia Thirteenth and Locust Streets Girard College Ridge Avenue and Nineteenth Hahnemann Medical College and Dispensary 1105 Filbert Street. Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia Tenth below ChcNtnut Street. Pennsylvania Ct)llegc of Dental Surgery Tenth and Arch Streets. Philadelphia College of Pharmacy.^ .. *. 147 North Tenth Street. Philadelphia. Dental College lOS North Tenth Street. Polytechnic College of the State of Pennsylvania. .1716 Market Street. St. Joseph's College 317 Willing's A lley. Theol. Sem. of the Evangelical Ltttheran Church. 216 Franklin Street. University of Pennsylvania Thirty-fourth and Locust Sts. Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania 21st and North College Ave, 51 soldiers' monument, Gettysburg Battlefield. NFW YORK TO WASHING TON. THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. ITS ORIGIN AND ORGANIZATION. In Febuary, 1870, a memorial, setting forth the appropriate- ness of such an exhibition, and asking the assistance of the govern- ment, was presented to Congress by a joint committee consisting of a Committee of the Select and Common Councils of Philadel- phia, a Committee of the Franklin Institute, and a Committee of the Pennsylvania Legislature. On March 3d, 1871, Congress passed an act providing that the exhibition should be held and creating a Centennial Commission, consisting of one delegate from each State and Territory, to be nominated by the State Governors, and appointed by the President. On June 1st, 1872, Congress passed an act creating a Centennial Board of Finance, and empowering them to issue ten-dollar shares of stock to the amount of $10,000,000. On July 3d, 1873, the President issued a Proclamation, commending the Exhibition to the people of the United States and to all nations. On January 23d, 1874, the President appointed a Board to represent the execu- tive departments of the Government. On June 5th, 1874, Con- gress passed an act requesting the President to invite foreign nations to participate. On June 16th, 1874, an act was passed providing for appropriate medals. On June 18th, Congress passed an act providing that all articles sent from foreign countries for exhibition shall be admitted free of duty. HOW TO REACH THE EXHIBITION. The Pennsylvania Railroad takes passengers to its fine new depot, on Elm avenue, directly opposite the main entrance. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company has a depot a short distance east of the art gallery. Five lines of City Railways run through the center of the city, directly to the grounds, and these lines may be reached by any of the street railways in the city. Several lines of steamboats, also, run up the Schuylkill, landing passengers at Belmont Landing. 52 NEW YORK TO WASIII^YGTON. THE EXHIBITION GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS, The grounds are located in the south-west part of Fairmount Park, a tract of 236 acres having been deeded to the Commis- sion by the city of Philadelphia. The Main Building stands on the south-west side of the in- closure, which fronts on Elm avenue. It is 1880 feet long by 464 feet wide, and is devoted to the exhibits, domestic and foreign, in the departments of Mining and Metallurgy, Manufactures, and Education and Science. It is a fine structure of glass and iron, costing over one and a half millions. It covers twenty-one and a half acres, and there are five miles of aisles or passageways in it. Machinery Hall also fronts on Elm avenue. It incloses four- teen acres and cost about one and a half millions. Machinery of all kinds and from all countries is here to be seen in operation, the whole being driven by an immense fourteen hundred horse- power Corliss engine. A short distance from the west end of this building is George's Hill, from which a fine view of the entire grounds may be had. The Art Gallery^ or Memorial Hall^ is in the rear, or north-east of the main building, built on an elevated terrace, of granite, iron, and glass, in the modern Rsnaissance style. It is three hundred feet long by one hundred and fifty feet wide. It waa built by the State of Pensylvania at a cost of $1,500,000, and it is intended to be used after the exhibition as a National Art Gallery, The exhibit here of pictures and statuary from all parts of the world is very fine. In the rear of the permanent building is a large annex. Horticultural Hall is situated north of the Art Gallery, and is separated from it by the ravine, spanned by a handsome iron bridge. Its dimensions are three hundred and eighty-three by one hundred and ninty-three feet, and it is built chiefly of iron and glass. The central portion of the building is an immense conservatory, and on each side are the forcing houses. A beautiful garden of forty acres surrounds the building. Agricultural Hall stands further north; covering over ten acres of ground. It is built of wood and glass, is very large, and is most admirably constructed for the purpose intended. The exhibit here of animal and vegei>able products, land and marine animals, 53 NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. etc. , is very interesting and instructive. The stock yards inclos- ing- twenty-two acres, are situated about five hundred yards from the main entrance of this building. The display of stock will be made in September and October. The United States Building stands midway between Agricultural Hall and Machinery Hall. The various Departments of the Gov- ernment are here represented by models of guns, boats, apparatus used in the machine shops, mints, etc. This building covers an area of about two acres. East of this is the Womiii's Pamlion, a unique structure, cost- ing about $30,000, and erected for exhibiting the highest types of women's work. A Kindergarten school is attached. The State Buildings are north and west of the United States Building, between State Avenue and Belmont Drive. Further to the south and west are buildings of foreign nations. The Judges' Hall is opposite the main Elm Avenue Entrance, flanked on the east side by the House of Public Comfort, and on the west side by the Photographic Building. Other buildings, independent exhibits, and restaurants, etc. , are about the grounds. A narrow gauge steam railway passes around the grounds in- side of the inclosure, stopping at all the principal places of in- terest. Fare, five cents. The ofiicial catalogue is published in English, French, German, and Spanish, in four parts : Number 1, under the title of " Main Building," embraces the departments of Mining and Metallurgy, Manufactures, Education, and Science. Number 2, under title of "Machinery Hall," embraces the de- partment of Machinery. Number 3, under title of " Art Gallery," embraces the depart- ment of Art. Number 4, under title of " Agricultural and Horticultural Halls," embraces the dep'ts of Agriculture and Horticulture. Price for each part, 25 cents. There are thirteen entrances. The principal are as follows : East end of Main Building. The chief entrance for carriages. Between the Main Building and Machinery Hall, for visitors coming by the Pennsylvania Railroad and the street cars. From George's Hill, 54 NEW YORK TO WASHING TON. At the junction of Belmont Avenue and the Park Drive. At the depot of the Reading Railroad. Belmont Valley for visitors by steamboats. In front of the Horticultural Hall. For visitors arriving- on the Junction Railroad, and by steam boats in the Lansdowne Valley. To the Art Gallery. All of these entrances are fitted up with self -registering- turnstiles. A fee of fifty cents is charged for admission to all parts of the buildings and grounds. WILLISTON SEMINARY, EASTHAMPTON, MASS. The Thirty-sixth year begins August 31st. Examination of candidates, August 30th. Classical Course, four years ; Scientific, three. Prepares for the first Colleges and Scientific Schools. Ten permanent instructors, including the following recently appointed: James M. Whifcon, Ph.D., Principal, formerly Rector of the New Haven Hopkins Grrammar School ; Robert P. Keep, Ph.D., Master in the Classical Department, recently U. S. Consul at Athens, and pupil of the Professors Curtius in Berlin and Leip- sic; Roswell Parish, M. A., Master in the Scientific Department, recently Master of the English Department of the Worcester High School, and George Y. Washburn, B.A., Instructor in Rhetoric and Oratory, recently Principal of the High School in Holliston. Lo- cation salubrious and accessible, seventeen miles north of Spring- field by the Connecticut River R.R., and twelve miles north of AVestfield (on the B. and A. R.R.) by the New Haven and North- ampton R. R. , which directly connects it with New York. For information, address Treasurek, WiLLlSTOJSf SEMINARY, Easthampton, Massachusetts. AID BTJiunr&s, Showing DEPOT and TRACKS of ii. PENNJ t L V A N I A 9 Id »• j*n Wm. bj Rjnd, M«lf Or A ( Rand. UeNally A Co., Blap ExiarttTan, Ohlongo. SEW YORK TO WASHINQTOlf. aiLADELPHIA TO BALTIMORE. M. Philaddpliia, WUmington and Baltimore R. R. , 98 Miles. _Kh.e present railroad between Philadelphia and Baltimore, no-v? jk property of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore R.R.- JO., was originally commenced, and in part completed, by several different companies. It soon became evident that a consolidation would be best for all parties concerned, and accordingly the com- panies were consolidated into one, under the present name, Feb- fary 5th, 1838. Two important improvements added greatly to le efl&ciency of the road. These are the connection with New " ^rk and Philadelphia line by which trains are run through with- ^.t change of cars, and the magnificent bridge over the Susque- hanna at Havre de Grace, built at an expense of over $2,000,000, tnd doing away with the inconvenience and delay of the ferry. These, with the laying of a second track, enable the road to ful- 3R1 all that can be required of it. Connecting by an almost direct fine two of the largest cities in the country, and forming a part of the great trunk line uniting the Southern and Western with the Northern and Eastern States, the possibilities of a future in- crease of prosperity commensurate with the growth of the coun- try seem almost without limit. GIBSON'S. Pliiladeliiliia^ Pa. This station is for the accommodation of the immense oil store- houses and refineries on the flats near the Schuylkill River. •w GRAY'S FEERY. J rhiladelpJda^ Pa., 2 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimoi'e, 96. I Near the west end of the bridge across the Schuylkill River. I Here the through trains from New- York to Baltimore connect I with this road by means of the Junction Railway. The name is derived from the original proprietor of a ferry formerly established here about the year 1740. Subsequently a place of recreation, called *' Gray's Garden," was kept here, which be- came very popular as a resort for the pleasure-seeking peopile of 56 JSrSW YORK TO WASHINGTON. Philadelphia. Afterward a floating bridge took the place of the ferry. On the 20th of April, 1789, it was decorated with trium- phal arches, flowers, etc., and General Washington crossed over amid the plaudits of thousands of his grateful countrymen, on his way to take his seat as first President of the United States. The present bridge was built in 1888 at a cost of nearly $200,000. Since that time it has undergone extensive repairs, with a view of increasing its strength. It is 800 feet in length, is provided with a draw near the western end, and supported by five piers. Besides the railroad uses, the bridge has a separate part devoted to common highway travel. Near its west end is an obelisk built by the company to commemorate the successful com- pletion of the bridge. BELL KOAD. PhUadelphia, Pa., 6 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 92. The Bell Road, from which this station is named, runs south- east to the river. " Bell Road Hotel " is opposite the depot. LAZARETTO. Tiniciim, Ddaware Co., Pa., 11 m. Jr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 87. The name of this station indicates its proximity to the Quaran- tine Grounds of Philadelphia. It is situated on the east side of Darby Creek, which, with a branch called Bow Creek on the east and the Delaware on the south, completely surrounds the island and township of Tinicura. The Lazaretto buildings are on low ground to the left, on the bank of the Delaware River. They may be distinguished by the ominous yellow flag, upon which is the letter Q, signifying Quarantine. Vessels from foreign ports are here boarded and examined by health-officers before proceed- ing up the river. The buildings consist of a main edifice with two wings, 180 feet long by 50 feet wide; the Physician's resi- dence, the Quarantine Master's residence, bams, out-houses, etc. These are surrounded by about twelve acres of ground. The Inspection Station adjoins the Lazaretto. A little bejoni we cross Crum Creek, and soon after Ridley Creek, forming the west boundary of the town of Ridley. Both of these creeks are furnished with draw-bridges. 3* 57 NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. CHESTER. Delaware Co.^ Pa., 14 m. fr. Phila. Fr, Baltimore, 84. This is an incorporated borough, and an important station.' Large quantities of milk are sent into Philadelphia from the country about here, and considerable manufacturing is carried on. It is the seat of one of the most important shipbuilding interests in the United States. The magnificent ships of the Pacific Mail Co. were built here. The village is between the R. R. and the river. It is the oldest town in the State, having been settled by the Swedes in 1643. It was then called Upland, but the name was changed to the present one by William Penn, after Chester, in England. The first Provincial Assembly of the State was held here in 1682, and it was the county-seat of Chester county till 1780. It was also the county- seat of Delaware count^frora its organization in 1781 to 1851, when the county-seat was removed to Media. Crozers' High and Nor)iial School is a mile north of the station. Astor Ridge Seminary, for young ladies, is at Village Green, in the town of Astor, about six miles north-west of Ches- ter. Prior to the battle of Brandywine, a portion of the Ameri- can army crossed the Delaware from New Jersey at Chester, and joined the main body. After the defeat, the army retreated to this place and passed the night. LAMOKIN. Delaware Go. , Pa. , 14^ m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 88^. Junction of the Philadelphia and Baltimore Central Railroad. THTJRLOW. Dela.ware Go , Pa., 16 m.fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 82. Named after a resident in the vicinity. A little south, on the Delaware River, is a large rolling-mill. LINWOOD. Delaware Go., Pa., 18 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 80. Formerly called Marcus Hook, after a prominent Indian Sa- chem, named Maarti, who lived upon the " hook," or point of land on which it is built. The village is very pleasantly situated on the Delaware, half a mile south of the station. It is the last station ia Pennsylvania. About 1 mile west of it, the line be- tween Pennsylvania and Delaware strikes the Delaware River. 58 I^UW YORK TO WASHINGTON. CLAYMONT. Newcastle Co., Bel, 20 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 78. Formerly called Neaman's Creek. A small village a little soulh of the station. Rich dairy farms abound in this vicinity. HOLLY OAK. Newcastle Co., Bel, 23 m.fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 76. A small station on the bank of the Delaware, for milk trains. BELLEVUE. Neiccastle Co. , Bel. , 2 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 75. This is another milk station, just half-way between New York and Washington. WILMINGTON. Newcastle Co., Bel, 38 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Bait., 70. This pleasant city, the most important and populous in the State of Delaware, is situated between Brandywine and Chris'tiana Creeks, about one mile above their junction, and two miles above the Delaware River, in the midst of one of the finest agricultural regions in the United States. The upper part of the city is built on the southern slope of a hill, which rises to the height of 112 feet above tide -water, and commands a fine view of the city and the Delaware River. It is regularly laid out with broad streets, crossing each other at right angles. Market street is the principal thoroughfare, extending from the Brandywine to the Christiana, and terminated at each river by a handsome bridge. In 1777, immediately after the disastrous battle of Brandywine, in which the Americans, after a hard-fought battle, were defeated with great losses -on both sides, the British occupied the town. In 1809, it was chartered as a borovigh, and in 1832 incorporated as a city. In 1837, the completion of the railroad to New York and Baltimore gave it a new impetus, and it has since continued to increase in wealth and importance. The manufactures of Wilmington are extensive and important. Among them are those of steamboats, both wood and iron, steam- engines, agricultural implements, machines, iron castings, cotton and woolen goods, carriages, railway cars, and car-wheels. It has some of the finest flour-mills in tlie United States on the Brandy- wins, which is navigable for vessels drawing eight feet of water. 59 NEW YORK TO WASHIXG TON. More than one million bushels of grain are annually ground by these mills. Dupont's celebrated Powder Mills are in this vicinity. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The city contains thirty churches, a city hall, a large hospital and almshouse, and several seminaries and academies. The Old /Swedes^ Church, built in 1698, is an interesting object. The graveyard around it contains many quaint monuments. The ^^ Institute^'''' on Market street, is a large brick building containing a spacious hall, a scientific lecfcure-room, and a library of 7000 volumes. There are five banks and three insurance offices. The Farmers' Mutual Insurance Company have a fine building of red sandstone. St. Mary^s College is in the west part of the city, on Ninth street. Grace Church (Episcopal) is the finest church edifice in the State, built of stone and tastefully adorned. The Water- Works were constructed in 1828, and consist of the neces- sary buildings and machinery for forcing the water into the reservoirs. They occupy the square bounded by Market, King, Tenth, and Eleventh streets. Wilmington is the northern ter- minus of the Delaware Railroad, which runs southward by way of Smyrna, Dover, and Seaford to Crisfield, Md., making connec- tions with branch-roads running to the east and west coasts of the peninsula. It is also the eastern terminus of the Wilmington and Western R. R. , which extends westward 65 miles to Lauden- berg, there connecting with a branch of the Pa. R. R. and the Southern terminus of the Wilmington and Reading R. R. extend- ing north to Reading, Pa. DELAWARE JUNCTION. Newcastle Co..^ Del.., 30 ?w. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore^ 68. This is the junction with the Delaware Railroad line. NEWPORT. Newcastle Co.., Del., 32 m./;-. PJdla. Fr. Baltimore., 66. Situated on Christiana Creek ; is a venerable looking town, and was founded by the Swedes in 1640. The creek is navigable for small vessels up to this point. STANTON. Newcastle Co., Del, 34 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltiinore, 64. Pop. 1000. The village is three-fourths of a mile north of the station, in 60 NE W YORK TO WASHING TOK the parish or "hundred" of Mill Creek. It lies between White Clay and Red Clay creeks, a short distance above their junction. It was settled about two centuries ago by English " Friends," and derived its name from a prominent member of this society. A fine water power is afforded by the two creeks. Just before reaching- the station the railroad crosses White - Clay Creek, a little below its present junction with Red Clay Creek. Formerly it pursued a circuitous course, and entered the White Clay Creek below the' railroad. The portion between the old and new channels is called Bread and Cheese Island. PRICE'S WOOD STATION. Newcastle Co., Del, 37 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 61. On the creek, a short distance south of the station, are one or two small mills. NEWARK. Newcastle Co. , Del. , 40 m. fr. Phiki. Fr. Baltimore 58. The village is about three-fourths of a mile north of the station, and on account of its superior educational institutions has been called the " Athens of Delaware." It is an old town, and was a place of considerable importance at the time of the Revolution. After the landing of the British troops at the " Head of Elk," now Elkton, General Washington was frequently here while conduct- ing his reconnoissances. A portion of the invading army passed through it on their march to Brandywine, and the Hessians amused themselves by committing various depredations on the undefended property. About a mile south of the station. Iron HiU, the highest point of land in the State, may be seen from the ears. In 1777, when the British were at Elkton, General Max- well occupied this hilL with his troops, and General Washington ' watched the movements of the British from it. It commands a most extensive view of the surrounding country, including both the Delaware and Chesapeake bays. As the name indicates, this hill contains iron ore, which has been extensively mined. The Neioark Academy is one of the oldest in the country. It was founded in 1749. The old stone building was taken down in 1840, and the present elegant building erected. Delaware College was chartered in 1833, and reincorporated in 1851. It is a pros- perous and well-endowed institution. There are also two excel- 61 I^A'W YORK TO WASHI.VG Toy. lent Female Seminaries in Newark, Two miles north of the town is a Mineral Spring, tlie waters of which formerly enjoyed a high reputation for their medicinal properties. The White Clay Creek, in the rear of the town, furnishes motive power for several paper-mills, woolen mills, etc. A stage line runs from Newark to Hoimoell, 18 miles. Two or three miles beyond the station we cross the line between Delaware and Maryland. About two miles beyond Newark, in an open field, within a hundred yards north of the railroad, are two boundary stones which mark the position of the " tangent j)oinV' fixed by Mason and Dixon, in 1768, preliminary to running the celebrated ' * Mason and Dixon's line " between Pennsylvania and Maryland. ELKTON. Cecil Co., Md., 46 m.fr. Phila. Fr. BaUimore,b2. This is the county-seat of Cecil county, and is located a little above the junction of Great and Little Elk creeks. It was set- tled in 1694 by Swedish fishermen, and was called Head of Elk till 1787, when it received its present name. The prominent buildings, besides the venerable court-house, are the Elkton Academy, and the Methodist, Episcopal, Presbyterian, and Catholic churches. NORTH-EAST. Cecil Co., Mel, 52 m. fr. Fhila. Fr. Baltimore, 46. This is another of the early settlements, and is named from the river at the head of which it is located. As we approach the station, we cross one of the branches of tliis river on an arched bridge of stone, comprising three arches. The tide-water just below the station is an arm of Chesapeake Bay. CHAELESTOWN. Cecil Co., Md., 55 m.fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 43. This is another of the "old towns" of Maryland, having been settled in 1742. It acquired sufficient importance at one time to be considered as a formidable rival to Baltimore. Before the railroad was finally located, it was contemplated to fix its terminus here, and convey passengers the remaining distance to Baltimore by steamboat. Large numbers of fire-bi;icks are made in this vicinity, the clay being peculiarly adapted for that purpose. A brick meeting-house, standing about two miles from the village, NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. was erected by William Penn for the use of the " Friends." Gilpin's Rock, near where the railroad crosses the stream, which here flows into the North-East River, is a favorite resort for pic- nic parties. As we approach the next station, we ride upon a high embankment, overlooking the head of Chesapeake Bay, etc. PRINCIPIO. Cecil Co., Md., 48 m. fr. PMla. Fr. Baltimore, 40. On both sides of the Principis Creek, which was explored by Captain John Smith in 1608. Here are large iron furnaces. PEREYVILLE. Cecil Co., Md., 61 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 32. This is a small village upon the east side of the Susquehanna River. A magnificent bridge is built across the river to Havre de Grace, on the opposite side. This bridge is about seven-eighths of a mile in length, and cost upward of $2,000,000. Passengers were formerly conveyed across the river in ferry-boats, which were of sufficient size to taJce the locomotive and cars from one side to the other. A branch railroad extends from here to Port Depodt, four miles up the Susquehanna, at the head of tide-water. The lumber trade of the Susquehanna River has built up a:i important business at Port Deposit. Numerous immense rafts come down from the wild lumber regions of Pennsylvania and New York, and here the lumber dealers resort to make selections and purchases. The town is located at the base of a range of almost perpendicular hills, which rise above it some two or three hundred feet. These hills, which form the steep banks of the Susquehanna on either side, with their wild and varied scenery, give the place a rich reputation for romantic beauty. The heights here approach so near the water that the town is built on one street parallel with the river, and in its growth is obliged to exca- vate the hills, and fill in to the river. Granite is quarried among these hills, which is very much sought for on account of its supe- rior beauty and durability. Among the public buildings of Port Deposit are several neat churches, an academy, and schools. HAVRE DE GRACE. Hartford Co., Md., 62 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 36. This thriving village is finely located on the west bank of the 63 NEW YORK TO WASHING TOK Susquehanna, the ground rising- with a gentle slope back from the river. It is surrounded by an undulating and fertile country. It received its name from French officers in the Revolutionary army, who were passing throug-h about the time it was laid out by the original proprietor, Robert Young Stokes, on their way to a southern campaign. Fancying a resemblance to a city of the same name in their native land, and admiring its beauty, they called it '' Havre de Grace," or Haven of Grace, ABERDEEN. Hartford Co., Md., 67 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 31. A small village, formerly called Hall's Cross Roads, from which the parish or district derives its name. A stag-e runs from here to Churchville, six miles north-west. Just before reaching- the next station, a neat Norman church is seen about half a mile north of the railroad. This is Spesutia church, so called from the Utie family, so prominent in the colonial history of Maryland. The word Spesutia signifying the "hope of Utie." Its parish is one of the oldest Episcopal parishes in Maryland. PERRYMANSVILLE. Hartford Co., Md., lim.fr. Phila. Fr. BaUiin/yre, 27 . A small village. There are some pleasant residences here. BUSH RIVER. HalTs X Boads, Hartford Co., Md., 74 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Bal^ timoi'e, 24. At the east end of the long pile bridge over Bush River, 3089 ifeet, or nearly three-fifths of a mile long, and containing a draw. Bush River is an arm of Chesapeake Bay, and was entered by Capt. John Smith, who called it Willowbye's River. EDGEWOOD. Hartford Co., Md., 77 m.fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 21. A station for the accommodation of residents in the vicinity, MAGNOLIA. Hartfoi-d Co., Md., 79 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimm-e, 19. Opposite this station is Magnolia Grove, a favorite resort in summer for picnic and excursion parties from Baltimore. Soon after leaving this station, we cross Gunpowder River on a pile bridge 5238 feet long (only 42 feet less than a mile). This is also provided with a draw f >r the accommodation of small vessels. 64 NEW YORE TO WASHING TOK HAEEWOOD. Baltimore Co.^ Md., 81 m. fr. PIdla. Fr. Baltimm'c, 17. A small way station on the west side of Gunpowder River. The country around is a favorite resort for sportsmen. CHASE'S. BaLtimore Co.^ Jfd, 83 m. fr. PJiila. Fr. Baltimm-e.^ 15. A small station. There is no building-, but simply a platform. 13 MILE SWITCH. Baltimore Co.., Md.., 86 m. fr. PJiila. Fr. Baltimore, 13. Two or three houses in the vicinity. A switch here accommo- dates freight trains, the principal article being wood. STEMMER'S RUN. Baltimore Co., Md., 89 m. fr. PJiila. Fr. Baltimore, 9. So called from the small stream that runs into the Back River at this point. Near here is the Locust Grove Furnace, reached by a short branch railroad for the transportation of iron, iron ore, etc. The Post-office name is Rossville. All through this region are the famous ducking grounds of Chesapeake Bay, including the numerous arms, bays, and coves. BACK RIVER. Baltimore Co., Md., 91 m. fr. Phila. Fr. Baltimore, 7. Here is another pile-bridge, 759 feet long. A fine view ia afforded down the river to Chesapeake Bay. NEW YORK TO WASHING TON. BALTIMOEE. Baltimore Co., Md., 190 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Wash. 40. Pop. 267,354. Baltimore, the fourth city of the Union in population, wealth, and commercial importance, is situated on an arm of Chesapeake Bay, called Patapsco River, which empties into the Bay about 14 miles below the city. Its latitude is 39" 17' K, and its longitude 76" 37' W. It is admirably situated both for foreign and domestic commerce, being in a central position on the Atlantic coast, on a number of gentle eminences which greatly relieve the monotony found in cities built on level ground, besides increasing the facili- ties for drainage, etc. The limits of the city comprise about twelve square miles, bounded on the north, east, and west by broad, straight avenues, and on the south by the Patapsco River, whose branches make deep indentations into the land. The har- bor is some three miles in length. The small inner bay or " basin," as it is called, extends up to the business portions of the city and admits vessels of light draught, while the lower har- bor has a depth sufficient for the largest ships. This extends to Fell's Point and a considerable distance below, Fort McHenry commanding its entrance. A stream of water, called Jones's Falls, passes through the city from north to south, emptying into the harbor or north-west branch, at the city dock, and divid- ing the city into two portions. The eastern portion is called " Old Town," as far east as Central avenue ; east of this avenue it is called "Fell's Point; " whUe west of Jones's Falls is the city proper. Baltimore street is the great central avenue running east and west, and is the fashionable promenade and the seat of much of the retail and jobbing trade. It is numbered in both directions from the Falls, as are the other avenues running par- allel with it. The prefixes East and West are given t(f those streets on either side of the Falls, and thus the direction of the numbering is indicated. The central street running north and south is Charles street. Streets running in this direction are named and numbered each way from their intersection with Balti- more street, as North Charles street, South Charles street, etc Among the important streets running in this direction are Han- 66 HEW YORK TO WASHINGTON: over, Sharp, Howard, Eutaw, Light, St. Paul. Calvert, North, South, HoUiday, Gay, and Frederick, West of these streets the city is made up principally of residences, the g-reat bulk of trade and commerce being in the neighborhood of the basin. Exchange place, in Lombard street, is the focus of financial and other heavy business. The Merchants' Exchange, Custom-House, and Post- Office are located here, and in the immediate vicinity are gath- ered the offices of the principal bankers, brokers, etc. HISTORY. The first settler upon the present site of Baltimore was David Jones, after whom the stream called Jones's Falls is named. He built a house upon land he had purchased around the head of the basin in 1682. In 1726, Edward Fell settled on the east side of the Falls, on the tract called Fell's Point. Then the entire settle- ment consisted of two dwelling-houses, a mill, with a few out- buildings. In 1729, an act of Assembly was passed for " erecting a town on the north side of the Patapsco, in Baltimore county." In 1730 the town was surveyed off into lots, and the name Balti- more was given to it in honor of the proprietary. In 1768, Balti- more having increased to a considerable size, the county-seat of Baltimore county was removed to it from Joppa, in the extreme eastern part of the county, where it was originally located, in ac- cordance with an act of the Assembly ; the inhabitants of Baltimore having raised funds by contribution for the erection of new county buildings. Considerable ill feeling on the part of the inhabitants of the northern and eastern portions of the county, attended with some violence and outrage, took place on the removal of the records. In 1773 the publication of the first newspaper was commenced by William Goddard, of Rhode Island, under the title of the Mary- Land Journal and Baltimore Advertiser^ and about this time a line of packets and stages was established, communicating with Phila- delphia During the Revolution, Baltimore took an active and important part in the great struggle, furnishing soldiers, money, etc., and using her influence in every practicable way in behalf of national independence ; but no important military operations took place here. On the last day of the year 1796, Baltimore was incorporated as a city. Since that time its history has been that of a constant growth in population and wealth. The rats of 67 NEW YORK TO WASHINQTON-. progress may be seen in the censuses taken at different times. The population was, in 1775 5,934 1830 80,620 1790 13,530 1840 102,513 1800 26,514 1850 169,054 1810 46,455 1860 212,419 1820 62,738 1870 267,354 TRADE AND COMMEKCE. Two lines of European steamers sail from Baltimore, and with her two great Railroads, the Baltimore and the Ohio, and the Northern Central, she is an important competitor for the trade of the north-west. The two great staple articles of trade for Balti- more are flour and tobacco^ and it is the greatest market for these articles in the United States, if not in the world. A large amount of Bituminous Coal is brought iu here from the Cumberland mines in the western part of the State, Much of this is shipped to various ports of the United States. A consid- erable quantity of Anthracite Goal is also transported here by way of the Susquehanna River and Canal, and the Northern R. R's. The trade in West-India Goods and Provisions is very great, and is rapidly increasing. Sugar, Molasses, Coffee, and the other pro- ducts of the West Indies and South America are imported in im- mense quantities, and largely disposed of to western purchasers. The quantity of Lumber received here is almost incredible in amount. A very large wholesale Dry Goods trade has grown up and is rapidly increasing. Extensive commission stores have been erected, which carry on a very large trade with country merchants from the South and West. Baltimore is the largest market in the country for guano, imported principally from Peru. The industrial employments of the inhabitants are various and extensive. Among the most prominent manufactures are those of iron, copper, leather, flour, tobacco, clothing, glass-ware, bricks, etc. The refining of sugar and the canning of oysters are also extensively carried on. The rolling-mills of Baltimore are largely engaged in making Railroad Iron, etc. Immense quantities of Nails are manufactured here. Two of the most extensive Loco- motive Manufuctoi'ies in the country are located here, and several large foundries are engaged in the manufacture of Stoves^ Fur- 68 NEW YORE TO WASHINGTON: naces^ and all kinds of Cast Iron Articles, Machinery, etc. TheBaZ* timore Copper and Smelting Company have the largest establish- ment of the kind in the Union. In fact, most of the copper ore mined in the country is smelted here, besides much larger quanti- ties from Chili and Cuba. Upwards of 6,000,000 R)s. of refined copper are annually produced here. The works are located at Canton, near the eastern boundary of the city. Nearly one thous- and persons are directly or indirectly employed. The Leather business is also immense. Boots and Shoes are largely manufactured and sold in the South and West. The Flouring Mills in the city and its immediate vicinity are more extensive than any other branch of manufactures. There are .many establishments engaged in Canning Oysters. The oys- ters of Chesapeake Bay are highly esteemed all over the country. The Manufacture of Clothing employs many more hands than any other branch of business. Some of the largest buildiugs of the city are fully occupied by it. The value of its annual product is only excelled by that of the flouring mills. Several large Piano Manufactories do a successful and extensive business. Their pianos are noted for their good qualities and elegant finish, and find a ready market, especially in the South. Ship-building is one of the heaviest branches of business carried on here. The prin- cipal ship-yards are located at Fell's Point, or in that neighbor- hood, where the water has the necessary depth, and from them have been launched some of the finest and fleetest American ships. The name "Baltimore Clipper" is synonymous, throughout the world, with all that is beautiful in naval architecture, and perfect in the requirements of a staunch and well-appointed ship . Cot- ion and Woolen Goods are also manufactured to a considerable ex- tent. Tobacco is also largely manufactured. Among other exten- sive manufactures may be mentioned those of Bricks, Glass, Earthenware, Hats and Caps, Drugs and Chemicals, Silverware, Cabinet Furniture, Saddlery, Trunks, Carriages, Books, etc. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. Among these may be mentioned the Court-House, a handsome bnck edifice, 145 feet long, 65 feet wide, and two stories high, NBW YORK TO WASH IN O TON". with a dome. It is situated at the comer of Motmment square and Lexington street, and was built at a cost of $150,000. The Exchange^ situated in Gay street, between Second and Lombard, was completed in 1820, from designs by Benjamin H. Latrobe, Esq., at a cost of $600,000. It is 240 feet in length, 143 in depth, and three stories in height, besides the basement. It is occupied by the Custom-House, the Merchants' Bank, the Post- OfRce, the Exchange, and a large Reading Room. The Exchange itself, in the centre, is a magnificent hall, 86 by 53 feet, and 115 feet high to the top of the dome, which is 53 feet in diameter. The Maryland Institute^ for the promotion of the mechanical arts, occupies one of the largest buildings in the city, situated in Baltimore street, near Jones's Falls. The building is 355 feet long and 60 wide. The three-story edifice, fronting on Baltimore street, contains the library, committee-rooms, offices, etc. The main hall extends south from this building, and is 260 feet long. The annual Mechanics' Fair is held in this hall in the month of October, and attracts thousands of visitors. It . is one of the largest halls in the country. Attached to the Institute are schools of Design and a fine Library. Lectures on scientific and other subjects are given during the winter months. The Peahody Institute. This is one of the exhibitions of the princely munificence of the late Mr. George Peabody. He was born in Massachusetts, but resided for many years in Baltimore, where he laid the foundation of that immense wealth which he so wisely devoted, during his lifetime, to the improvement of the condition, physical and mental, of his fellow-men, and in such a way that it will be most widely felt to the remotest periods of the future. In 1857*he announced his intention to contribute several hundred thousand dollars to the founding of an Institute in Baltimore, for the encouragement of Art, Science, and General Knowledge. The main building, located opposite the Washington Monument, is built of brick and marble, and is 145 feet in length and 71 feet in width. It contains the handsomest and most convenient hall for lectures in the city, having a capacity for 1400 persons. The library in the upper story is 100 feet long and 30 feet wide, and contains 50,000 volumes. This building cost $133,000, independent of the gro\»nd. The design of Mr. 70 NUW YOUK to WASHINGTON. Peabcdy contemplates the erection of another building on the east. The Masonic Temple, in Charles street, near Saratoga street, is a fine building completed in 1870, and costing $400,000. The Odd Fellows' Hall, on North G-ay street, is a very handsome building in the castellated Gothic style of architecture. The Grand Lodge meets here annually. The New City IlaU occupies the entire square bounded by Holli- day, North, Lexington, and Fayette streets. It is one of the finest municipal buildings in the country, and cost $3,000,000. The height to the top of the building is 125 feet, and to the top of the dome 222 feet. CHURCHES. Baltimore contains not less than 160 churches, many of which are grand and beautiful structures, adding very much to the architectural decoration of the city. The First Presbyterian Church, on the corner of Madison and Park streets, is one of the finest in the United States. It is built of brown-stone, in rich Gothic style. It is 150 feet long and 64 feet wide. Its spire is 250 feet in height. The Second, Central, and Westminster Presbyterian churches are also notable structures. The latter, at the corner of Fayette and Green streets, contains in its yard the grave of Edgar A. Poe. The Franklin Street Presbyterian Church, at the corner of Franklin and Cathedral streets, is built of white, rough-hewn stone, and is very handsome. St. PauVs Church, Episcopalian, at the corner of Charles and Saratoga sts. , is a handsome building on a commanding elevation. Grace Church, at the corner of Monument and Park streets; Emmanuel Church, at the comer of Reed and Cathedral streets ; the Memorial Church, on Townsend, near Garden street, and St. Luke^s Church, in Franklin square, are noted Episcopal churches. The Cathedral, at the corner of Cathedral and Mulberry streets, is one of the largest and fineSt Roman Catholic churches in this country. It is 190 feet long and 177 feet wide. Its dome is 69 feet in diameter and 95 feet in height. The organ has 600 pipes and 36 stops. In the church are several vakinble paintings. St. Ignatius^ Church, at, the corner of Calvert and Madison 71 NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. streets, St. Alphonsus' Church (German), at the comer of Park and Saratoga streets, both Catholic, are imposing in appearance. Among the Methodist churches, the Charles Street^ at the cor- ner of Fayette street, is the handsomest. The Madkoii Avenue., at the corner of Townsend street, has a fine, commanding loca- tion. The Light Street, at the corner of Wine alley, has many interesting associations, as it was here that Summerfield, Maffit, and other distinguished lights of the church, preached in former days. The Independent., on the corner of Madison avenue and Preston street, and the Ghatsioorth^ on Pine street, are fine build- ings. The Methodist is the largest denomination in the city. The principal Baptist churches are the First., at the corner of Sharp and Lombard streets ; the Second, on Broadway, near Pratt street ; the Seventh., at the corner of Paca and Saratoga streets ; and the Franklin Square. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. The Public School System of Baltimore, inaugurated in 1829, has been brought to a high degree of efficiency and usefulness. There are now twenty-eight Grammar and fifty-two Primary schools, at which about twenty-five thousand children are edu- cated. Besides these are the Ceritral High School, for boys, and the Eastern and Western High Schools., for girls, at which gradu- ates of the Grammar schools receive a liberal education. The free school system is rapidly extending over the State of Mary- land, and bestowing its benefits and advantages on the children, without distinction of race or color. An extensive Educatioiuil Institution for the benefit of Poor Children was liberally provided for by the will of the late John McDonogh, who left the whole of his immense fortune to the cities of New Orleans and Baltimore, for the purpose of founding an institution in each of those cities for the education of poor children and for other benevolent purposes. The Male Free School of Baltimore was established by private liberality, and has never received any aid from public funds, either of the State or city. It is located in the rear of Calvert street. The Coldn Institute for Girls is a similar institution, named in honor of the late Miss Rachael Colvin, who left a large legacy for NUW YORK TO WASHTNQTON. its organization. Miss Elizabeth Buchanan also left a considerable amount for the same purpose. The Unwersity of Maryland School of Medicine^ at the corner of Lombard and Green streets, sustains a high reputation as a medical college. Its faculty comprises the most eminent medical talent in the city. Connected with it is the Baltimore Infirmary^ in whose wards are constantly found ample material for illustrat- ing the various forms of disease. Clinical instruction in medi- cine and surgery are here given. The Baltimore Medical Institute, 151 Lombard street, was es- tablished in 1839 by Dr. J. R. W. Dunbar, an eminent physician. The Baltimore Female College, in St. Paul street, was chartered by the State of Maryland in 1849. The Convent of the Visitation and the Carmelite Nunnery have large schools for young ladies attached to them, and the College of Loyola and St. Mary's College are supported by the Catholics. The Maryland Institute, corner Baltimore and Harrison streets, is designed for the promotion of the mechanical arts. The Johns Hopkins University, founded by the late Johns Hop- kins, is one of the most liberally endowed institutions of the kind in the United States. LITERAllY INSTITUTIONS, LIBRARIES, ETC. Besides the Maryland Institute and the Peabody Institute, already mentioned, Baltimore has a Mercantile Library Associ- ation, whose library contains 26,000 well-selected volumes. It is in the AntheuEeum building, at the comer of St. Paul and Saratoga streets ; entrance at the east end of the building. All strangers visiting the city are entitled to the free use of this library for one month. There are at present upward of 1300 members, including ladies, who are eligible for membership. The library and reading rooms are open daily from 10 A.M. until 2 P.M. for the exclusive reception of ladies, and from 2 to lO^P.M. for members generally. The Maryland Historical Society has rooms in the Athenasura building; entrance "at the west end. Here are about 10,000 volumes of historical works, relating principally to American States, cities, etc. , and including over 300 volumes of newspapers, Bome of which are the earliest printed in the State. There is also 4 73 NEW YORK TO WASHINOTOK an extensive collection of rare historical manuscripts, paintings, drawings, maps, coins, medals, etc., open to the public. CHAKITABLE INSTITUTIONS. The Buy View Af^ylum^ the almshouse of Baltimore County, situated in Canton, a little east of the city, upon an eminence, in full view of the Philadelphia Railroad, is a very large and impos- ing building. Permits to visit the institution may be obtained from the mayor, or any of the board of trustees. Mount Hoiie Hosjyital foi' the Insane^ at the comer of North avenue and Bolton street, was established in 1844, and is under the care of the Sisters of Charity. It is 182 feet + 40 feet deep. The NeiD Mount Hope Asylum^ recently completed, is located on the Reisterstown road, four miles from the city, and is built of brick made on the ground. The bases, etc. , are of granite, and the cornices are ornamented with heavy iron Corinthian caps. The main building is six stories, and the wingt? five stories in height, with a cupola on each, commanding fine views. The Maryland Hos^yital for the Insane is located on Monument street, east of Broadway. This was founded by private liberality, but h.is become a State Institution, having received State aid. The Maryland Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, formerly located on Saratoga street, now occupies a fine building on North avenue, near Charles street, erected at a cost of $75,000. The Baltimore Orphan Asylum is a large and commodious building on Strieker street, near Lexington, and was founded in 1801 for the maintenance of poor orphan children under nine years of age. 200 girls and 100 boys are supported here. Visitors are admitted on Tuesdays and Fridays, from 2 to 7 P.M. The Union Orphan Asylum is situated on the corner of Frank- lin and Schroder streets. The Children's Aid Society occupy a building at No. 72 North Calvert street, near Pleasant. The Hicks Hospital, named in honor of Governor Hicks, was built near the close of the late war, for the treatment of wounded soldiers. There are several buildings constructed of wood. The Aged Men''s Home and the Aged IVoinen's Home are two distinct but adjoining buildings, on the corner of Fayette and 74 NEW YORK TO WASHING TON. Calhoun streets. They are designed to furnish comfortable homes to a limited number of aged persons, at a moderate cost. The Maryland Soldiers' Home is located at 16G West Lombard street. It was founded in 1865 for disabled and invalid soldiers, by the liberality of a number of citizens. The Union Protestant Infirmary is on the comer of Mosher and Division streets. It is a handsome and commodious building, built and fitted up expressly " to provide a Christian Asy- lum for the reception of the sick and suffering, where they may receive kind nursing and skilful medical treatment at reasonable rates, or gratuitously, as circumstances may require, and may enjoy the privilege of reading the sacred Scriptures and the con- solations of Protestant religious instruction." All the different Protestant denominations are represented in the skilful and en- ergetic board of lady managers. The Baltimore Infirmary \B connected with the University Med- ical school, as already mentioned. Its patients are attended by the faculty of the University and nursed by the Sisters of Charity. There are many Dispensaries where medicines and treatment are furnished to the poor ; namely, the Baltimore, at the north- east comer of Liberty and Fayette streets; North- Eastern, East Monument street, near Gay ; Southern, No 48 Conway street ; the Mistern, cor. of East Baltimore st. and Central avenue, and others. PRISONS. The Maryland Penitentiary is an extensive building of brick and stone occupying the eastern part of the square between Mad- ison, Forrest, and Truxton streets. It Is separated from the county jail by a wall twenty feet in height. The prisoners are employed in the various mechanical arts. The Baltimore County Jail is a very ornamental castellated structure of granite and marble. The central building is 404 .feet long, fronting on Barclay street. It is well ventilated and warmed, and is lighted with gas. Every part of it is fire-proof. Visitors are admitted with permits from the city authorities. The House of Refuge, opened in 1855, is located near the Elli- cott's Mills Railway, a little beyond the western limits of the city. About 400 children are accommodated. Trades are taught. Visitors are admitted with permits from the commissioners. 75 NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. PUBLIC PARKS. Baltimore is more fortunate than other American cities in hav- ing a great park in which the grounds, trees, etc. , have been in process of skilful artistic preparation for more than 100 years. Druid Hill Park is situated about one third of a mile north of the city limits, between the Northern Central Railway on the east, the Reisterstown road on the west, and the Woodbury Mill road on the north. It contains 500 acres, and was purchased in 18G0 by the city of Raltimore, at a cost of $500,000. It occupies the highest point of land in the immediate vicinity of the city, and from its principal eminences commands magnificent views of the city, harbor, and bay beyond, for many miles up and down. It was, before its purchase, in the possession of the Rogers family for a century and a half, during which the skilful arrang^ements of some early proprietor have been carefully maintained. The mansion, nearly in the centre of the park, is 336 feet above tide- water. A hill in the rear, the highest in the park, rises forty feet higher, or 366 feet above tide-water. Toward the south and east, the ravines descending towards Jones's Falls form secluded valleys generally densely wooded, while on the west the surface is a comparatively level plateau as far as the Reisterstown road, and descends toward the Woodbury Mill road on the north. A handsome gateway has been erected at the Madison avenue en trance. Access is had to the park by two city railroads, and by the Northern Central Railway. Franklin Square^ on high ground, between Carey, Calhoun, Fayette, and Lexington streets, commands fine views. Union Square is pleasantly situated, between Wilmore, Strieker, Lombard, and HoUins streets. Lafayette Square is on an eminence west of Fremont street, and between Lanwale, Townsend, Republican, and Oregon streets. Patterson Square is a large and handsome square, between Baltimore, Gough, Gist, and Luzerne streets, at end of east Lom- bard street. It commands an extensive view of the city and bay, and contains the remains of fortifications erected in 1814. Madison Square is between North Eden, North Carolina, £ast Eager, and East Chase streets, near Belle Air avenue. 76 NUW YORK TO WASHING TOK MONUMENTS. On account of tbe number and prominence of its monuments, Baltimore has been denominated the "Monumental City." WasJiington Monument, the most remarkable of these, stands in a small inclosed square, at the intersection of Charles and Monument streets. Its base. 50 feet square and 20 feet high, supports a Doric column, 17Gi feet in height, which is surmount- ed by a colossal statue of Washington, 16 feet high, giving it an elevation, at the top, of 312^ feet above tide-water. The column is 20 feet in diameter at the base, and 14 feet at the top, and may be ascended by means of a winding staircase within. From the top, a most magnificent view of the city and surroundings is had. It is constructed of white marble, and cost $200,000. Battle Monmnent^ also a beautiful structure of marble, is situa- ted in Monument square, in Calvert, near Lexington street. From the base, which is square, and ornamented with various de- vices, rises a fascial column, symbolical of the Union, 18 feet high. On the bands which bind together the rods are inscribed the names of those who fell while defending the city from the attack of the British, September 12th, 1814. This is surmounted by a beautiful statue of a female, 7^ feet high, making the entire height of the Monument 52^ feet. The Odd Fellows\ or Wildey Monument^ is on Broadway, above Baltimore street, on an elevated situation where it can be seen from a great distance. It was erected in honor of Thomas Wildey, who founded the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in America, and is intended by its symbolical carvings, and its inscriptions, to commemorate the character and history of the Order in this country. The design comprises a granite base 10 feet square, whose diagonals or corners range with the cardinal points of the compass. Upon this base is another white marble base, on which is a pedestal supporting a Grecian Doric column, sur- mounted by a life-size figure of Charity. The entablature, ped- estal, and base of the column, are covered with emblematical carvings and inscriptions. The entire height of the monument is 52 feet, and its cost was about $18,000. The site was given by the city of Baltimore. The McDonogh Statue was erected in Greenmount Cemetery, 77 NEW YORK TO WASHING TOK on Greenmount avenue, in the nortliern part of the city. On his death, in 1850, he left an immense fortune to the cities of New- Orleans and Baltimore, to be devoted to the education of the poor children of those cites. The statue, considerably larger than life, is erected in a conspicuous position on an elevated portion of the cemetery. The monument consists of a massive granite base; supporting a marble pedestal 14 feet high, upon which stands the statue, which is said to be a good representation of the man. CEMETERIES. Qreenmount Cemetery. This is located on Greenmount avenue, about two miles north of Baltimore street, near the north line of the city. It is a beautiful tract of about sixty acres, laid out and embellished in the most tasteful and appropriate manner. Strangers may obtain admittance on application at the g,ate. Baltimore Cemetery. This comprises about 100 acres in the north-eastern corner of the city. It is reached by the Gay st. cars. Loudon Park Cemetery. Situated on the Ellicott's Mills Pas- senger Railway, about three miles from the city. The location is very picturesque, commanding at several points fine views of the city and bay. It contains some fine monuments and statues. Mount Olivet Cemetery is on the Frederick road, about 2^ miles from the center of the city. Besides these there are several smaller cemeteries in different parts of the city. THE WATER-WORKS. Baltimore is principally supplied with water from Jones's Falls. The old Water Company was established in 1804, and water con- veyed through the city in 1807. In 1854 this company sold its entire rights and properties to the city for $1,350,000. There were then two reservoirs on Charles street, near the northern boundary, holding 25,000,000 gallons. New works were com- menced in 1858, greatly increasing the capacity. Sicanii Lake^ named after Governor Thomas Swann, then Mayor of the city, is an artificial reservoir formed at the head of Jones's Falls, near the Relay House, on the west side of tho Northern Central Railway, about eight miles from the city. It covers about 116 acres, is 225 feet above tide-water, and contains 78 NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. 500,000,000 g-allons. From the lake a brick conduit or acqueduct conveys the water to Hampden lieservoir, a smaller basin, situated at the Falls road, near Hampden, opposite the Druid Hill Park. It is 217 feet higher than tide -water, and holds about 50,000,000 gallons. From this reservoir pipes extend across the falls and along the railway to Mou7it Royal Beserwir, near the intersection of North avenue by the railway. The scenery in this vicinity is very picturesque. The reservoir is circular, its diameter 550 feet, area 5 acres, height above tide-water 150 feet, and capacity 30,000,000 gallons. From the reservoir the distribution pipes extend throughout the city. Lake Chapman. In order to render the supply of water to the <}ity still more abundant and secure, and at the same time to in- crease the beauties and attractions of Druid Hill Park, the city authorities purchased the tract south of the park, and by build- ing a dam 750 feet long this lake has been formed, containing 55 acres. The dam is 119 feet deep in the centre, 520 feet wide at the broadest part of the base, and 40 feet wide on the top. It is estimated that the reservoir will contain 600,000,000 gallons, or enough to supply the city at the rate of 10,000,000 daily for 60 days. The engineer of these works is James S. Suter, Esq. YARIOUS OBJECTS OF INTEREST. Foi't McHeni'y. This famous fort is on the extremity of Whet- stone Point, about three miles from the center of the city. The associations connected with the war of 1814 and the late war render it an interesting place to visit. It was during its bombardment in 1814 that the well-known national song of " The Star-Spangled Banner" was composed by Francis S. Key, then a prisoner on one of the British ships. It is named in honor of McHeury, an early promient citizen. The MerchanW Shot Tower. This lofty building, on the corner of Fayette and Front streets, was built of brick, in 1828. Its height is 246 feet, diameter at the base 40 feet, at the top 20 feet. The walls are 4^ feet thick at the bottom, and 18 inches at the top. It contains 1,100,000 bricks. Those who will undergo the fatigue of ascending to the top will be rewarded with a magnifi- cent view. It is stated as a curious fact that during a strong wind the top will oscillate eight or ten inches. 79 NUW YORK TO WAHHINGTOK. KAILROAD DEPOTS. Baltimore and Ohio R. R,, Camden street, between Eutaw and Howard ; Baltimore and Potomac R. R. , Union Depot, Charles street; Northern Central R. R., Union Depot, Charles street ; Phil- adelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore R. R., President street; Western Maryland R. R. , Calvert street. STEAMBOAT LINES. There are steamship lines running to Liverpool^ Havana, New- Orleans^ SavamiaJi, Charleston, Wilmington, Boston, New Tork^ Norfolk, Richmond, and other ports. Besides these there are some ten or twelve lines running up and down the bay, and to different ports on the Atlantic coast, some of them connecting with canals and inland navigation. PRINCIPAL PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. Academy of Music, Howard St., between Franklin and Center Sts. Concordia Opera House, cor. Eutaw and German Sts. Ford's Opera House, Fayette St., near Eutaw St. Front St. Theater, Front St. , near Gay St. Holliday St. Theater, HoUiday St., opposite the City Hall. PRINCIPAL HOTELS. Carrollton Hotel, Light St. , near Baltimore St. $4 per day. Barnum's Hotel, Calvert St., comer Fayette St., $4 per day. Eutaw House, Eutaw St., cor. Baltimore St., $3.50 per day. CiUY's, Monument Square, European plan, restaurant attached. Howard House, Howard St., near Baltimore St., $2 per day. Maltby House, Pratt St., near Light, $3 per day. St. Clair Hotel Calvert St., near Fayette St. Mount Vernon Hotel, Monument St., European plan. Rennert's House, Fayette St., near Calvert St. BALTIMORE TO WASHINGTON. The traveler has a choice of two routes in going from Balti- more to Washington : the W^ashington Branch of the Baltimore <& Ohio U. B., and the Baltimore & Potomac B. B. The distance by the former is 40 m. , and by the latter 43 m. ; time 1^ to 2 hrs. ; fare $1.30. The country traversed is flat, with few picturesque, and no striking features. On leaving the Baltimore station the trains of the Baltimore & Potomac line pass through the great tunnels beneath the city (7,500 ft. long), and just before entering . Washington through another tunnel 1,500 ft. long. The first view '^ of the Capitol in approaching the city is very fine, and should not be lost. 80 NEW YORK TO WAfiHIXOTOlT. WASHINGTON. BMrict of Columhia. The Capital of the United States of America, named in honor of its most distinguished patriot, is situated on the Potomac River at the head of its navigation, lOo miles from Chesapeake Bay, and 1 71 miles from the Atlantic Ocean. The location was selected by- Washington himself, and the Act of Congress creating the District of C'jiumbia \^as passed July 16th, 1790. At that time the seat of Grovemment was at Philadelphia. The law provided that the Government should be moved to Washington in 1800, and that during the intervening time, suitable buildings should be erected for the President, Congress, and the public offices. The District of Columbia was exactly ten miles square, and was laid off diagonally in reference to the points of the compass, ^.6., its boundary lines bear north-east, north-west, etc. Its southern angle was at Jones's Point, just south of Alexandria, on the west side of the Potomac. It comprised portions of the territory of the States of Virginia and Maryland, which were ceded by them to the general government. The portion which was derived from Virginia, lying south-west of the river, was, however, ceded back to that State in 1846, and the remaining portion, containing 60 square miles, lies entirely on the north-eastern side of the river, la 1871 the District of Columbia was organized as a Territory, by Act of Congress. Its municipal form of government was abrogated and a legislature of two houses, a governor, and a delegate in Congress was given it. The rule of the District, however, fell into unworthy hands, and Congress repealed the organic act and devolved the administration of affairs on a Board of Commis- sioners appointed by the President. The people of the District have therefore no vote in their own affairs. The city of Washington occupies a nearly central position ia the District, on the left bank of the Potomac, in the fork made by the eastern branch. Its streets are laid out exactly parallel with the meridian, or at right angles with it, with the exception of a number of broad avenues, which intersect the others ia diagonal 4* SI NIUW YORK TO WASHINGTON ^-lirectionf?. These have the names of the fifteen States which joraprised the Union at the time the city was laid out. The length of the city in the direction of the river ia 4| miles, and its width about 2^ miles. The President's hoiise and the Capitol are somewhat more than a mile apart, and are the centers around each of which several of the broad diagonal avenues radiate in different directions. The former is 44 feet above the Potomac* and the latter 72 feet. Pennsylvania avenue is the main thor- oughfare, extending between the Capitol and the President's house, and upon it are built many of the principal hotels, stores, etc. The streets are alphabetically and numerically named in each direction, commencing at the Capitol. Broad avenues run north, south, and east from the Capitol, called North, South, and East Capitol streets. The other streets running east and west have the alphabetical names, there being two of each letter. Thus, A street North is the first street north of East Capitol street. B street South is the second street south, etc. The streets running north and south are numbered and designated east and west. Thus East First street is the first street east of North or South Capitol street ; West Third street is the third street west etc. The streets are from 70 to 110 feet in width, and the avenues from 130 to 160 feet. The city has become one of the largest in the country, with a population of 109,199 in 1870, and is laid out on so grand a scale that it may be many years before all its streets are lined with buildings. It has acquired the name of the "City of Magnificent Distances." PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The public buildings are generally worthy of the great political metropolis of the country. First of these, in architectural gran- deur as well as general interest, is THE CAPITOL, which contains the halls of the national legislature. Supreme Court, etc. It is situated on an eminence facing the west, and commands a view of the entire city, the heights of Georgetown, the windings of the Potomac, and the city of Alexandria. The central part of the edifice, recently remodeled and extended, was commenced in 1793, and completed in 1815. The corner-stone of 82 ^^EW YORK TO WASHINGTON: the extension was laid by President Fillmore, July 4th, 1851, with Masonic ceremonies, on which occasion the Hon. Daniel Webster delivered a brilliant oration. TJie new wings are each 325 feet in length from east to west, including porticos and steps, by 153 feet from north to south, also including porticos, and are con- nected to the main building by corridors, each 44 feet in length and 56 feet in width, making the entire lengt^\ of the building from north to south 751 feet. The top of the building is sur- rounded by a balustrade of stone, and surmounted by a lofty dome in the centre. The entire building covers a little more than three and a half acres. The material of the older or central building is a white sandstone, from an island in Acquia Creek, Va. The extension is built of fine white marble from Lee, Mass. The porticos fronting east have each twenty-two fluted columns. There is also a portico of ten columns on the west end of each wing, and similar porticos on the north side of the north wing and south side of the south wing. The columns are of white marble from Maryland. The main entrances are by the three eastern porticos, to which easy access is had by broad flights of stone steps. The more frequent entrances, however, are from the rear, the larger and more populous portion of the city being on that side. In the centre of the entire structure is the Dome^ the general outline of which resembles that of St. Peter's of Rome and St. Paul's of London. Its interior diameter is 96 feet, and its exterior diameter is 125 feet. Its height above the ground is 300 feet, or 230 feet above the roof of the Capitol. It is built of iron, and surmounted by a colossal statue of Freedom, in bronze, by Crawford. The structure is double, and between the two shells a winding staircase affords access to the very summit. Directly under the dome is the Hoiumla^ a circular room 96 feet in diameter, and rising to the entire height of the interior of the dome. It is surrounded by an ordonnance of fluted pilasters 30 feet high. Between these pilasters are hung eight paintings on canvas, each 18 feet long and 12 feet high. Four of them were painted by Col. John Trumbull under orders from Congress, given in 1817, at a cost of $8,000 each, and illustrate : The Declaration of Independence^ July 4, 1776. Prominent in this picture are the figures of Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, Hau- 83 NEW Y6rK to WASHINGTON. cock, and Rutledge, The Sm^render of Burgoyne^ October, 1777, at Saratoga. The principal actors portrayed are General Bur- goyne, the English commander, in the act of tendering his SAvord to the American General Gates. The Surrender of GornwalUs, October, 1781, at Yorktowii, Va. Among the prominent figures are General Lincoln, who received the surrender on behalf of the American army, by direction of General Washington, General Eochambeau, the commander of the French troops serving with the Americans, and General O'Hara (one of Comwallis's staff) at the head of the English troops. The Resignation of Washing- ton as Commander-in-Chief of the Army. The scene is in the State House at Annapolis, Maryland, on the 23d of December, 1783. The remaining four pictures on the eastern side of the hall are illustrative of events connected with the early history of America. They are : The Baptism of Pocahontas, Ja7n€stoiD7i, Va., 1613. John Gadsby Chapman, artist. Ordered by Congress in 1836, at a cost of $10,000. The Discovery of the Mississippi River, by De JSoto, May, 1541. Artist, William H. Powell. Ordered by Con- gress in 1850, at a cost of $12,000. The Landing of Columbus, Bahama Islands, October, 1492. John Vanderlyn, Artist. Or- dered by Congress in 1842, at a cost of $10,000. The Embarka- tion of the Pilgrims from Delft- Haven, Holland, July, 1620. O. S. Weir, artist. Ordered by Congress in 1836, at a cost of $10,000. Hanging under each of the above is a diagram, in outline, with numbers, whereby the individuals in the picture may be identified. These pictures have become familiar to American people by be- ing engraved on the backs of the bills of National banks. The wall above these paintings is ornamented with panels of arabesque in bass-relief. Four alternate panels contain heads of Columbus, Raleigh, Cabot, and La Salle. In panels over the four doors of the Rotunda are alto-relievos in stone : '"'■ Pemo's Treaty ivith the Indians,'' by Gevelot ; the ^'Landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth,''^ the " Conflict of Daniel Boone icith the Lidians,'" both by Cansici; and the ^'Rescue of Cajjtain John Smith by Pocahontas,'" by Capellano. The Senate Chamber is in the center of the north wing. It is rectangular in form, 112 feet long, 82 feet wide, and 30 feet high. The ceiling is of cast-iron, deeply paneled with richly ornamented 84 NjEW YORK TO WASinyoToy. stained g-lass skylights. Galleries capable of seating upward of a thousand people surround the hall. Opening from the portico on the easj front to the vestibule in the north or Senate wing is a bronzi -loor fourteen feet six inches high, and nine feet six inches wide. This is one of two doors for w^hich orders were given to Mr. Crawford, it being the intention to have another similar to it in a corresponding place in the south wing. The death of the artist when the model for the door was incomplete frustrated that design, and for the finished work now in this door we are indebted to W. H. Rhinehart, at the time an assistant to Crawford, who took up the work, and with the help of the original designs car- ried the models to completion. The door weighs 14,000 pounds, and was cast at the Ames Works, Chicopee, Mass. Total cost for models and casting about $5o,000. The design is to illustrate Peace and War, which are typified in the foot panels, by histori- cal events of the Revolutionary period. The right division of the door represents successively from the top downward : Battle of Bunker Hill and Death of Warren, 1775. Battle of Monmouth^ 1778, with Washington in the act of his famous rebuke of General Lee. Battle of Torktown^ 1781, with Hamilton capturicg an earthwork. Upon the left division of the door from the top downward, are represented : Laying the Corner Stone of the Capitol, 1793. Inauguration of Washington as first President of the United States, 1789. Welcome of Washington at Trenton, 1789. Above the door are two marble female figures, represent- ing Justice and History, reclining upon a globe. These are also by Crawford. Adjoining this chamber are retiring rooms for Sena- tors, reception rooms, presiding officers' rooms, etc. , all finished in magnificent style, with walls and columns of white and red mar- ble, and the ceilings gorgeously gilded and painted. The JEFall of Rejyresentatives is in the center of the south wing, and is larger and more highly ornamented than the Senate Cham- ber. It is 139 feet long, 93 feet wide, and 30 feet high. Its galleries will accommodate 1200 with seats. The Speaker's room is immediately in the rear of his chair, and is highly decorated with paintings and frescoes. Magnificent marble staircases give access to the galleries here and in the Sen- ate Chamber, and are some of the most striking architectural 85 NUW YORK TO WASHINGTON. features of the building. On the staircase leading to this gallery is a large fresco painting by Leutze, representing a group of Emi- grcDits crossing the Rocky Mountains., and illustrating the west- ward progress of civilization. The Supreme Court Chamber., formerly the Senate Chamber, is on the east side of the north wing of the center building, and is semi-circular in form, 75 feet in length, and 45 in height. The Old Hall of Representatives.! in the south wing of the center building, is also semi-circular in form, 95 feet in length and 60 feet in height. It will be used hereafter as a receptacle for his- torical paintings and sculpture. The Congressional Library room is west of the rotunda, and fronts upon the western part of the park and upon the city. Outside of the building are some fine Sculptures in alto-relievo. The tympanum of the central pediment has a group representing the " Genius of America.,'^'' by Persico, said to have been designed by John Quincy Adams. The northern pediment contains a group by Crawford representing the " Progress of Cirilizaiion in the United States.'''' Upon the south side of the steps to the central portico is a group by Greenough, depicting the " Early Struggles of Settlers in the Wilderness ; " and on the north side another by Persico, the " Discovery of America by Columbus.'''' On either side of the eastern entrance to the Rotunda are statues of Peace and War, also by Persico. In the eastern part of the park is Greenough's colossal statue of Washington. The entire cost of the Capitol, including the grounds, has been about $12,000,000. The Presidential Mansion was completed in 1815, and forms a center from which radiate Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, and Vermont avenues. Its grounds cover about twenty acres, ex- tending southerly to the Potomac. The building is of white free- stone, with Ionic pilasters, two lofty stories in height, and sur- mounted by a stone balustrade. The front of the building facing north is ornamented with a lofty portico, consisting of a colon- nade of four Ionic columns, beyond which project three more. Between these two colonnades is the driveway for carriages. The public rooms are always open to strangers, and the President has occasional receptions, when the public at large are at liberty to pay him their respects, and to promenade the famous " East 86 NEW YORK TO WASHINOTOK room." On summer afternoons a concert is given by the Marine Band in tlie grounds near the house, making them a pleasant and fashionable promenade. A bronze Statue of TJwmas Jefferson stands immediately in front of the house ; and in the center of Lafayette Square, just across the street on the north, which connects the two portions of Pennsylvania avenue, is Mills's Equestnan Statue of General Jackson^ cast from cannon captured by the Greneral. A duplicate of this statue was executed for the city of New Orleans. The State Department at present occupies a building belonging to the Protestant Orphan Asylum of Washington, The building is located on Fourteenth st. , and is temporarily occupied by the De- partment until the completion of the building mentioned in connec- tion with the War and Navy Departments. It was in this build- ing that the Joint High Commission held its sessions in the Spring of 1871, and framed the Treaty of Washington as a basis for the settlement of the existing points of difEerence between the govern- ment and Great Britain. All the passports necessary for Ameri- can citizens traveling abroad are issued here; also pardons by the President of convicted offenders against United States laws. The library of the department contains a remarkable collection of curious state papers. The Treasury Department building is east of the Executive Mansion, also within its grounds. It is a costly and imposing edi- fice, built of granite from the State of Maine. Its front, on West Fifteenth street, is 457 feet in length, and consists of a grand colonnade stretching the entire length of the building. The War Department building is north-west of the Presidential Mansion. Nearly a hundred clerks are employed here. Here may be seen a large collection of trophies from the battlefields of the different wars the country has been engaged in. The Navy Department occupies a building directly west of the President's house and south of the War Department. Scattered throughout this department are captured flags and other trophies. The Department of the Interior is located in one of the most in- teresting and extensive buildings in the metropolis. This build- ing, commonly called the Patent Office, occupies the entire square between North F and G, and West Seventh and Ninth streets 87 NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON'. It is 406 feet long, with two x^dngs, each 375 feet deep. Its height is 75 feet. The sub-divisions of the department are the Land, Patent, Pension, and Indian OflBces. In the Patent Ofl&ce may be found models of all the machines which have been p»atented since the foundation of the government. The proverbial ingenuity of the American people, and the interest taken by them in new in- ventions, renders the Patent Office very attractive to a large pro- portion of those who visit this city. The General Post- Office^ on the comer of North E and West Seventh streets, is one of the handsomest buildings in the city, built of white marble, in the Italian palatial style. It is three stories high, 204 feet long, and 102 feet deep ; it contains twenty- seven rooms on each floor. The Dead-Letter Office is connected with this department, and is an interesting place to visit. The City Post- Office occupies the central gro\md floor of the General Post-Office Building, with its entrance on F street north. The Smithsonian Institution is about half-way between the Capitol grounds and the Potomac River, in that part of the public grounds which extend west from the Capitol. This institution was organized in accordance with the will of James Smithson, who left to the United States the sum of $515,169, " to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men," The money was received in 1838, and the act of Congress establishing the Institution as it now exists was passed in 1846. The building is of reddish sand-stone ; its extreme length 450 feet, and its width 140 feet. It has nine towers, varying in height from 75 to 155 feet. The grounds around it have been orna- mented with great taste and care. The management is vested in a Board of Regents, composed of the Vice-President of the United States, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the Mayor of Washington, three members of the Senate, three of the House of Representatives, to be selected by the President and Speaker thereof, with six others from different parts of the country, to be chosen by the ex-officio members. Prof. Joseph Henry, then of Princeton College, N. J., was originally chosen Secretary, in which office he still continues. Under his skilful and efficient management the Institution is taking very high rank among the NIW YORK TO WASHINGTON-. scientific institutions of the world. A portion of the museum and libraiy was destroyed by fire in 1866, but the damage has been repaired, and the lost objects, as far as is possible, replaced. The United States Coast-Survey Office is on the west side New- Jersey Avenue, a little south of the Capitol, and occupies four old houses. The work here carried on is of the hig-hest importance. The National Observatory is located on the Potomac, a little south of west from the President's house, and not far from the line of Georgetown. The site is a beautiful one, commanding a fine view of Washington, Georgetown, and the Potomac River. The Obs^vatory is connected with the Navy Department, and its collection of instruments is surpassed in the extent and complete- ness only by the National Observatory of Russia. Among the in- struments are the Great Equatorial^ with a fourteen-feet re- fracting telescope, having an object-glass nine inches in diameter. In the room with the Transit instrument, by which the chrono- meters belonging to the navy are regulated, is t^ie Electro- Ghrono- grajyli^ invented by Dr. Locke, of Cincinnati, by means of which the longitude of different places in the country has been deter- mined with great precision. Ofl&ce hours are from 9 a.m. to 3 P.M. Visitors meet with politeness and attention. The Washington Arsenal is located on Greenleaf's Point, the southern extremity of the city. Its position is a commanding one, and convenient for its purposes. Here are spacious store- houses for arms of every description, workshops for the manu- facture of small arms, gun-carriages, ammunition, etc. The Model Office contains models or patterns of all the arms ctnd equipments used in the service, and many of those used in foreign countries. In the Gun lot are great numbers of cannon and balls piled up in pyramids, and in front of the old Arsenal Square are arranged trophies, consisting of captured cannon, etc. West of the Arsenal Grounds, are curious-looking pyramidal structures, containing the Ballistic Pendulum, and other arrange- ments for scientific experiments on gunnery. The Navy Yard is bounded by East Sixth and East Ninth sts., M street south, and the East Branch. This area covers about twenty acres, and is inclosed by a substantial brick wall, having a principal entrance at the foot of Eighth street, through a hand- 89 NJ3W YORK TO WASHINGTON. some arched gateway. The extensive workshops, comprisiiig foundries, forges, rolling-mill^ machine-shops, etc., are interesting to visitors. The grounds are beautifully laid out, the avenues shaded with fine trees, the grass plats neatly inclosed, and the whole preserved in handsome order. The officers of the yard have commodious residences within the grounds. The City Hall occupies a commanding position on Judiciary square, fronting on the intersection of Indiana and Louisiana avenues with D street north. It is a handsome stuccoed building 200 feet in length. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. The Columbian College is located on an eminence, a little north of the city limits, near the line of West Fourteenth street. It is a handsome brick edifice, four stories high, and overlooks the city, the surrounding country, and the Potomac for many miles. The National Medical College was organized as a department of the Columbian College in 1823, and is in successful operation at No. 453 Fourteenth street, between F and G streets. In assum- ing its present name, it has been newly organized, and its facili- ties for instruction greatly extended. The Medical Department of Georgetown College is located at the comer of F and Twelfth streets. The Gonzaga College is located on North F street, between West Ninth and Tenth streets. It was formerly Washington Seminary, but was raised to the rank of a college, May, 1858, and incorporated by Act of Congress as Gonzaga College. It is con- ducted by the Fathers of the Society of Jesus. Howard Vniversity, on Seventh street, is incorporated as a National University, there being no designation of race in the act of incorporation. The Normal and Preparatory Department was opened May 2d, 1867. The National Institute^ founded in 1840, has for its object the promotion and diffusion of scientific knowledge. It has a good library and a cabinet of medals, coins, etc. It occupies apart- ments in the Patent Office building. The Washington Library Company own and occupy a building on Eleventh street, between C street and Pennsylvania avenue. The shares of the company are sold at $12, with an annual assess- 90 yUW YORK TO WASHmarOK ment of $3. There are now about 10,000 volumes in the library, including many rare and curious works. Open from 9 A.M. to 3 P.M. every day, except Sunday. The Library of Congress^ having been twice ravaged by fire, 13 now contained in fire-proof apartments, in the western projection of the central building of the Capitol. In 1866 the 40,000 volumes of the Smithsonian Library were added to the previous collections. The Library now contains about 130,000 volumes especially rich in law, politics, history, and books relating to America. The use of the library is free to all ; but members of Congress and some other government officers only are allowed to draw out books. Open from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. The Law De- partment is located in the lower portion of the Capitol, in the room formerly occupied by the Supreme Court, contains about 20,000 volumes, and is regarded as the most select and complete law library in America. The Public School System^ organized in 1844, has attained a very high degree of efficiency and excellence. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. The Government Hospital for the Insane is located on a com- manding eminence, on the south-east side of the Anacostia River, about two miles nearly due south from the Capitol. The Columbia Deaf and Dumb Institution is located on Kendall Green, near the junction of North M and Boundary streets, in the eastern part of the city. The Military Asylum^ also known as the "Soldiers' Home," occupies a commanding eminence, about three miles north of the Capitol, near the northern boundary of the city, and is intended as a home for disabled soldiers and sailors. During the adminis- trations of Presidents Buchanan and Lincoln they made the Superintendent's house at this institution their summer residence. Brigadier-General Dimmick is the commanding officer in charge. The Naval Hospital is located on Square No. 948, bounded by Pennsylvania avenue. South E, East Ninth, and East Tenth sts. It is now continued as a post-hospital for the treatment of enlisted men stationed at barracks and camps around. The Washington City Orphan Asylum is temporarily domiciled in a large house in Douglas-row, on I st., bet. Second and Third. 'Jl IfEW YORK TO WASH [NO TON. St. Vincenfs Female Orphan Asykim^ situated on the comer ol West Tenth and North G streets, was established by the Catholics of Washington in 1825. St. Joseph's Male Orphan Asylum^ also established by Catholics, is situated on H street, between Ninth and Tenth streets, in the building formerly occupied by the Washington Orphan Asylum. St. Ann's Infant Asylum is another Catholic charity, located in a commodious house on the corner of K and Twenty-third streets. The National Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home is located on the comer of North B and East Second streets. CHURCHES. In Washington there are churches or places of worship for nearly all the religious denominations of the country, includ- ing Baptist, Catholic, Episcopal, Liitheran, Methodist Episcopal, Protestant Methodist, Presbyterian, Unitarian, Reformed German, one Swedenborgian, Friends, Jewish Synagogue, and colored, principally Methodist Episcopal. CEMETERIES. The National or Congressional Burial- Ground is situated about one mile east of the Capitol. It contains about ten acres, is well laid out, and tastefully ornamented with trees and shrubbery. Here are to be seen the graves of many noted men, including a large number of members of Congress. GleniDOod Cemetery is a fine rural cemetery recently laid out by the citizens of Washington. It is situated about a mile and a half north of the Capitol, and is approached by North Capitol street. HOTELS, ETC. The principal hotels of Washington are situated on or near Pennsylvania avenue. Among them are The Arlington, Vermont Avenue, between H and 1 Sis., T. Roessle & Son, prop's. The best in the city. Congres^^ional Hotel, Capitol Hill, William Sanderson, prop. Ebbitt House, F St.. corner 14th, C. C. Willard, prop. Imperial Hotel, E St., between 13th and 14th, I. S. Pierce, prop. Metropolitan Hotel, Pennsylvania Avenue, between 6th and 7th Sts., George B. Cake. National Hotel, corner Pennsylvania Avenue and 6th St., F. Tenney & Co., prop's. Owen House, Pennsylvania \venue, between 14th and loth Sts. St. James Hotel (European plan), Pennsylvania ALvenue, corner 6th St. St. Marc Hotel (European plan), Pennsylvania Avenue, corner 7th St., John H, Semmes. Gray's, 920, 15>^ St., John A,. Gray. Willard's Hotel, Pennsylvania Avenue, corner 14th St., J. F. Cake & Co., prop's. " Wormley's," corner H and 15th Sts., James Wormley. Washington House, corner 3d St. and Pennsylvania Avenue, Mrs. A. F. Bever- idge, prop. Welcker's, 727, 15th St., Mrs. John C. Welcker. 93 SEW YOSK TO WASHINOTON. VICINITY OF WASHINGTON. There are many interesting places to be" visited in tlie vicinity of Washington, a few of which will be briefly described. GEOEGETOWN. This city adjoins Washington on the west, Rock Creek forming the boundary between the two cities. It is a place of some con- siderable commercial importance, being connected by the Ohio and Chesapeake Canal with the Cumberland coal region of west- em Maryland, and by lines of sailing packets with New York, Boston, and the West Indies. It is noted for its superior brands of flour, which are much sought for in northern markets. The Heights of Georgetown are lofty eminences overlooking the city from the north and west. Along these are many splendid villas, and beautiful grounds of wealthy and distinguished resi- dents, and the view is one of surpassing beauty, embracing the two cities and the Potomac and its valley for a great distance. Oeorgetown College is at the west end of the city, on an elevated and commanding location. It was founded as an academy in 1789 and incorporated as a college in 1799. Connected with this establishment, under the charge of the nuns, is the Academy of the Visitation^ a flourishing female academy. Visitors are admit- ted to both these institutions at all seasonable hours. The Aque- duct of the Ohio and Chesapeake Canal is a stupendous work, and has attracted much attention from engineers, etc. , in Europe as well as America. It was constructed by Major Tumbull, of the Topographical Engineers, and cost nearly $2,000,000. It has nine piers, whose foundations are built of granite, and some of them are thirty-six feet under water. Its length is 1446 feet, and its height above the river about 40 feet. Oak Hill Cemetery is on high ground at the northern extremity of Washington street, and is beautifully and tastefully laid out. The Little Falls are about three miles above Georgetown. The Potomac River is here contracted to a very narrow width, and descends about fif- teen feet, amid wild and picturesque scenery. It is a favorite resort of anglers, and has been honored with the presence of some NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON. distingnislied persons in that capacity. The Hon. Daniel Webster frequently came here during his lifetime, with his rod and line. THE POTOMAC WATEB-WORKS. These were constructed by the General Government at a cost of about $4,000,000. The water to supply the cities of Washington and Georgetown is brought from the Potomac River above the Great Falls. These are sixteen miles above the President's house and are weU worth a visit. They may be reached by canal-boat or by private conveyance. The river here falls seventy-six feet through a deep gorge in the rocks. A dam of stone has been constructed across the river, and above this dam commences the Aqaeduct, passing under the Ohio and Chesapeake Canal. Between this point and the city it passes through three tunnels and over several bridges. One of these, called the Cabin John Bridge, is a stupendous arch of granite, spanning a ravine by a single leap of 220 feet. The depth of the ravine below the top of the bridge is 101 feet. This is the lar- gest masonry arch in the world. The famous Grosvenor Bridge, of Chester, in Great Britain, is 20 feet less in span. The width of the bridge is 20 feet, its extreme length 482 feet. The Rock Creek Bridge is another remarkable engiaeering work. This is an arch of 200 feet span, composed of two immense cast-iron pipes, four feet in internal diameter, which, in the form of an arch springing from massive sandstone abutments, support a hori- zontal roadway, and at the same time convey the water of the Aqueduct across the stream. A similar bridge of 120 feet span crosses the College Branchy a little above Georgetown. The Re- ceiving Reservoir^ about three miles above Georgetown, spreads out among the hills in an irregular form, resembling a mountain lake. Its water is retained by an immense embankment, 65 feet in height and several hundred feet in length. It is about seven- eighths of a mile in length, contains fifty-two acres, and its ca- pacity is 100,000,000 gallons. The Distributing Reservoir, nearly one mile long and one fourth of a mile wide, contains about forty acres. Its height is 145 feet above tide-water. It is situated one mile above Georgetown, on high table-land overlooking the val- ley of the Potomac. The High Service Reservoir is on the Heights of Georgetown. From it the city of Georgetown is supplied. 94 Ni:W YORK TO WASHING TOK The Aqueduct itself is built of stone, or bricks set in hydraulic cement, in a circular form, nine feet in internal diameter. Its entire length from Great Falls to the Distributing Reservoir is 12^ miles. It is capable of supplying 67,596,400 gallons per day. The supply of New York is about 30,000,000 gaUons. ALEXANDRIA. This old city, formerly in the District of Columbia but now in Virginia, has many attractions for the tourist. It is situated about six miles below Washington, on the west bank of the Poto- mac, and may be reached by steamboats and omnibuses. Here may be seen the old church in which Washington worshipped, and the pew in which he sat. There is also a museum here, contain- ing many personal relics of Washington, and a large and valuable collection of specimens of Natural History. The town was orig- inally called Belhaven, and is handsomely and regularly laid out. The views in all directions are very beautiful. To the north, the city of Washington, with the towering dome and white walls of its Capitol, is seen ; while on the south, the Potomac opens a broad and majestic expanse, with Fort Washington in the distance. MOUNT VERNON. As long as liberty shall be the heritage of Americans the name of Washington will be revered ; and the place of his residence while living, and of his repose in the tomb, will be a shrine to which the people of the great nation he was so instrumental in founding will never cease to pay a grateful homage. Mount Ver- non is situated on the west bank of the Potomac, about fourteen miles below Washington and eight below Alexandria. A steam- boat makes special daily trips from Washington to the spot. The property is now held in trust by the Ladies' Mount Vernon Asso- ciation. The entire plantation contains several hundred acres of land. The mansion is of wood, two stories high, and ninety-six feet in length, with a portico extending the entire length. The library-room remains in nearly the same condition as when it was occupied by its illustrious owner. The grounds around are inter- spersed with trees, and pleasant walks extend among them in every direction, some of them terminating at a summer-house which commands an extensive and beautiful prospect of the noble 95 NEW YORK TO WASBINOTOK Potomac. Not far from the house is the tomb which contains the remains of Washington, By his side, in a similar tomb, are the ashes of "Martha, consort of Washing-ton." The appearance of the tomb, as well as that of the house and its surroundings, have been made familiar, by numerous engravings, to every American. ARLINGTON HOUSE. This was formerly the mansion of George Washington Parke Custis. It is nearly opposite Georgetown, on the Virginia side of the Potomac. It is a large and elegant building, two hundred feet above the water, and commands a magnificent view of the cities of Washington and Georgetown. The property was confis- cated and sold during the rebellion, and having been purchased by the U. S., the large estate surrounding the mansion has been converted into a National Cemetery, and the bodies of those who fell in the battles in Virginia during the late war have been interred there. Over 40,000 soldiers have found here " Fame's eternal camping ground, The bivouac of the dead." FORT WASHINGTON. Situated about midway between Alexandria and Mount Vernon, on the opposite or Maryland side of the river. It is an extensive and strong fortification. Mount Vernon steamboats stop here. COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. The Washington^ Alexandria^ and Georgetown Railroad extends to Alexandria, connecting at the Loudon Junction with the Orange and Alexandria Railroad for all points south and south- west. Also, at Alexandria, with the Alexandria^ Lovdon^ and Hampshire Railroad for Leesburg, 38 miles north-west, in Virginia. The WasJiington Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad connects at Annapolis Junction with the Annapolis Branch to Annapohs, on Chesapeake Bay, and at the Washington Junction with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad^ for Baltimore and all points west and north. Station on New- Jersey avenue, comer of North C street, a little north of the Capitol. Baltimore and Potomac R. R. station, at North C street, also connects at Balti- more for the north and west. Connection is made by horse-rail- road between the passenger-stations of the two railroads termi- nating in Washington. Steamboats run hourly to Alexandria. ITHACA HOTEL. ITHACA, N. Y. A. SHERMAN & SON, Proprietors. The above new Hotel was completed and opened for tlie recep- tion of guests on the oOth of September, 1872. It is centrally located for business, and convenient to Cornell UuiVERsrrY, The Gorge, and other places of interest in and around Ithaca. This house has been furnished throughout with new and costly furniture, and is provided with every modem improvement found in any First-class Hotel in the country. Its rooms are large and airy, and great care has been taken in its construction to se- eure perfect ventilation. The table is constantly supplied with the luxuries of home and foreign markets, the assistants competent and attentive ; and the proprietors pledge themselves that no pains cr expense shall be spared to make the stay of the guests of the Ithaca Hotel pleasant and agreeable. OR, ONE HUNDRED YEARS AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. This beautiful work is distinctively a Narrative for the reading of the people in a sense not realized by any other publication. It is not a transient volume, written to catch the hour, but a thor- oughly-prepared work. Every statement can be depended on and quoted as historically correct. A very full ''Introduction" treats of the earliest periods, so that the work is essentially a complete history of our country, of permanent value. The style is life-like and vivid, carrying the reader along by the sweep of the story, as in a novel. Every battle is a dramatic picture, with the key-note, the pivot on which the decision turned, clearly brought out. The illustrations are simply superb. The printer's and binder's work is unexcelled in the history of book-making. Numerous maps illustrate events for which our modem maps are comparatively useless. Chapters on " manners and customs " of the different periods are unique. The book is written in the impartial spirit of the true historian — no sectionalism. The development of parties and the history of political campaigns are accurately and fully set forth. The achievements of noted inventors and authors, the founding of great newspapers and associations, the building of important public works, etc. , all duly recorded, attest the faith- fulness of the author, A, S, eHlliES & COMPAP, Publishers, 111 & 113 William Street, NEW YOBK, Ardatthe "PUBLISHERS' DEPARTMENT " of the CentennlaJ Exposition at Philadelphia. THE BALDWIN HOUSE, N"E:^W"IiXJJEiGMI, OR.^IS'GMlJ CO., IS-. Y. This new and elegant hotel has just been completed and hand- somely furnished throughout, and is now open for the reception of guests. It is situated on an eminence overlooking the city, 200 feet above tide-water, and commands a view of the Hudson Eii^er and adjacent country, which for beauty, variety and extent cannot be surpassed. The Baldwin House is provided with all the modern improvements and conveniences for guests, and is kept open all the year round. The surrounding country abounds in the most delightful walks and drives, and the river below affords ample op- porbunitv for boating, sailing and fishing. It maybe reached from New York ma the Erie R.R. from Chambers or West 23d St. ; via Hudson River R.R. from Grand Central Depot, 42d St. and 4th Av., or vi(t the " Day Line " Steamers from Pier 39, foot of Vestry St., for Newburgh, at 8 A.M. The Mary Powell leaves same pier at 3.30 P.M., and the Steamers J. W. Baldwin and Thomas Cornell leave pier foot of Harrison St. at 4 P. M. Time from New York to Newburgh 2 hours. Passengers leavino- New York via Day Line Steamers in tho morning may have two hours for dinner in New- burgh and reach New York via the same line at 6 P.M. For further particulars address the proprietor, Mrs. J. T. CoCKS, Baldwin House, Newburgh, N. Y. PEOSPECT PARK HOTEL, CATSKILL, N. Y. A NEW SUMMER HOTEL. A well situated, well arranged, and well conducted Place of Resort, of easy access, on the banks of the Hudson River. WITH ALL THE LATEST IMPROVEMENTS. The Hiruse has been greatly enlarged this season. The main building is two hun- dred and fifty feet front by forty feet; with wing one hundred and forty by forty feet. Dining-room full length of wing. With two-story Piazza, three hundred and Beventy by sixteen feet. The grounds, walks, avenues, and shrubbery are adapted to the chief design, which is, to produce such an establishnient, on a liberal and appropriate scale, as nan offer to those, who with their families annually seek the country during the Summer months, health and grateful change from the heat and confinement of the city. THE VIEWS FROM THE HOTEL ARE UNSURPASSED IN EXTENT AND BEAUTY. The annually increasing tide of visitors to this region— drawn hither by the pur- suit of health and pleasure— has already vindicated its right to the title of "the Switzerland of America." The localitv is a judicious selection from the Prospect Hill property, in the Village of Catskill ; and the site, with its surroundings, occupies twenty acres. The plateau is admirably adapted to the purpose. With a commanding view of the River in front and for miles North and South, and the grand old Mountains in the back- ground, with a climate of great salubrity, healthy mountain air, and accessories of fle\d and river sports and pleasant drives, it is unsurpassed, in all the borders of th« Hudson, for its attractions and advantages. 2^" Carriages will be in attendance at the Cars and Boats. Accessible by nearly all Trains of the Hudson River Rail Road, and "by the Day Bot.ts '^Chmincey VibhnrcV ''Daniel Drew.'" Also by Night Steamers "■ Neu Champion'''' and '■'■ Andrew Harder,'''' every evening, from foot, of Franklin Stieei Hew York. fST" First -class Livery connected with the Hotel. WILL OPEN JUNE I4th. tMTf^ JOHN BREASTED, Catskill. 9n illllllllil (/} |l!lil!|l|llllll!liil!li;M^^^^^ 3 ' THE EQUINOX HOUSE (FOOT OF MT. EQUINOX), Open from June to October. Address, by Mail or Telegraph, F. H. ORVIS. Manchester, the leading summer resort of the Green Mountains, is two hun- dred miles noith of New York, fifty miles north of Troy, and thirty miles south of Riitland, on the Harlem Extension Division of the Central Vermont RaUroad. It has about three miles of white marble sidewalks, finely shaded witli elm and maple trees, and is the most charming summer resort in New England. The fcrip to the top of Mt. Equinox should be taken by every visitor. An ex- tended and magnificent view is obtained from the Summit House. The road ia In fine order, and four-horse mountain wagons run to the top in two hours. Manchester can be reached from New York during the summer in six and a half hours by Hudson River RaDroad, via Troy. Drawing-Room Cars through without change. Hudson River Night Steamers connect at Troy with 8:30 A.M. Train, reach- ing Manchester at 10:55 A.M. New York Morning Papers reach Manchester 10:55 A.M. Central Vermont Railroad Day Express brings Passengers from Montreal, Highgate Springs, St. Albans, Burlington, Stowe, &c., to Manchester direct. Diawing-Room Cars through. From Saratoga, Trains going North connect at Rutland for Manchester; Trains going South connect at Troy for Manchester. THE i*xjT]sr^]M house;, Open from JVovember to May. Address, by Mail or Telegraph, F. H. ORVIS. Palatka is situated on the west bank of the St. John's River, seventy miles south of Jacksonville. It is at the head of Navigation for ocean steamers, and at the mouth of the celebrated Oclawaha River. Hart's famous orange grove is immediately across the St. John's River, opposite the town. Florida tourists should visit Palatka and make the trip up the romantic Oclawaha to the wonderful Silver Spring. Palatka can be readied by steamers daily from Jacksonville, and by the steamers Dictator and City Point from Charleston and Savannah, which run in connection with steamers from New York, and lines of Railroad from the North. OOZZENS' 130T!Ill^.— CozzeiW Landing, West Paint, N.T, GooDSELL Brothers, Proprietors. This elegant and favorite summer resort stands on a commanding eminence on the west side of the Hudson, 250 feet above the river, and about one mile and a half south of the Militar)' Academy ot West Point, It commands one of the finest views on the Hudson, embracing the very heart of the Highlands, and the wildest and most picturesque scenery on this famous river. Its location is remarkably healthful ; no cases of sickness having originated at this resort in tweniy-five years. West Point was selected as the site of the Milj- tary Academy partly because of the healthfulness of the locality. Its location is particularly convenient for New York families, as It la but fifty miles distant, and gentlemen are enabled to visit New York daUy, returning to Cozzens' at night if they desire. Among che many places of interest around Cozzens' are the U. S. Military Academy, where daily military exercises of interest occur, old Fort Putnam, Beverly Dock, Robinson House, Buttermilk Falls, etc. The drives among the historic Highlands are celebrated for their enchant- ing beauty, and one or two, including the five-mile drive to Crystal Lake, have recently been laid out. Distinguished visi^R. A. HA^^^LEY heath, AUTHOR AJUD PROPRIETOR, FREE. Depot and Eeoeption Eooms, No. 200 Broadway, New Tort Reduced to Twenty -Five Cents a Gallon per Barrel. ALBANY AND NE^A^ YORK r> A.-y LINE On the Hudson River, Summer Arrangement for Pleasure Travel. THE STEAMBOATS C. VIBBARD AND DANIEL DREW LEAVE NEW YORK DAILY (SUNBAYS excepted). G-oinsro- iTOis-Tia:. <3-OI2.50 CONNECTINQ AT ALBANY WITH ALL POINTS NORTH AND WEST. Jg^ TRIP TICKETS from New York to West Point and New- burgh, returning same day, $1.00. TICKETS or COUPONS good on Hudson River Railroad are received on board for passage. MEALS CAN BE HAD ON THE BOATS. Leave Albany at 8:30 A.M. on arrival of Chicago Express, on the New York Central Railroad. ISAAC L WELSH, G. T. A., New York. 'i .^^:^^44i#^^i^.%^ DBS. STRONG'S REMEDIAL INSTITUTE, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y., Is open all the year, and is also a Summer Resort during the Visiting Season. The Institute has recently been doubled in size to meet the necessities of its increased patronage. It is now the largest health institution in Saratoga, and is unsurpassed in the variety of its remedial appliances by any in this country. In the elegance and completeness of its appointments it is unequaled. The building is heated by steam, so that in the coldest weather the air of the house is like that of midsummer. The proprietors, Drs. S. S. & S. B. STRONG, are Graduates of the Medical Department of the New York University, and are largely patron zed by the medical profession. In addition to the ordinary remedial ns< ncies used in general practice, they emplov the EQUALIZER, or VACUUM TREATMENT, ELECTRO-THERMAL BATHS, SULPHUR AIR-BATHS. RUSSIAN BATHS, TURKISH BAJHS. HYDROPATHY, MOVEMENT CURE. OXYGEN GAS, GYMNASTICS. HEALTH-LIFT, FARADAIC AND GALVANIC ELECTRIC- ITY, LARYNGOSCOPE. &c., for the treatment of Nervous, Lung, Female, and Chronic Diseases. Its boarding department is of the highest order, and its society very superior. References.— Bishop M. Simpson, D.D., LL.D.; Rev. T. L. Cnyler, D.D.; Prof. Taylor Lewis, LL.D.; Chauncey N. Olds. LL.D.; Robert Carter, Esq. 1^" For particulars of the Institution, send for Circulars on Lung, Nervous, Female, and Chronic Disea.ses, and on our Appliances. Address DRS. S. S. & S. E. STRONG, Remedial Institute, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. PEOPLE'S LINE OF STEAMBOATS. NEW YORK TO ALBANY STEAMERS: ST. JOHN, Capt. T. D. Christopher, MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, FRIDAY. DREW, Capt. S. J. Roe, TUESDAY, THURSDAY, SATURDAY. From Pier 41, North River, South side of Canal Street, Near Jersey City Ferry, Desbrosses Street, AT SIX O'CLOCK, P. M. Connecting with trains of New York Central, Albany and Susquehanna, Rensselaer and Saratoga, and Boston and Albany Railroadw. Tickets can be had at the Office on the Wharf, to all points West and North — Adirondacks, White Mountains, via Lake Georf^e and L. Champlain, &,c.. Sac. Also at Dodd's Express Office, 944 Broadway, and No. 4 Court Street, Brooklyn, and Baggage checked to destination. Telegraph Office on the Wharf. Passensrers leaving Washington at 8 A.M., Baltimoee at 9:25 A.M., Philadel- phia at 1:30 P.M., arrive at New Yoek at 5:15 P.M.— in time to connect as above. MEALS ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN. ALBANY TO NEW YOflK. STEAMERS : I>RF\%', ST. JOHN, Capt. T. D. Christopher, TUESDAY, THURSDAY, SATURDAY. Capt. S. J. Roe, MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, FRIDAY. From steamboat LANDING, on arrival of trains of New York Central, Albany & Susquehanna, Rensselaer & Saratoga, and Boston & Albany Railroads. Arriving in New York in time to connect with trains South and East. Cars of Reus. & Sar. R. R. take passengers to Boats. Tickets to Newark, New Brunswick, Trenton, Burlington, Philadelphia, Wilming* ton, Baltimore, and Washington City for sale on the Boats, and Baggage checked to destination. For delivery of baggage, apply to Baggage Masters on Boats. Hudson River R.IL Tickets taken for passage, including State-Room Berth. Rooms heated by Steam during cool months. JOHN C. HEWITT, G. T. Agent. THE Congress and Empire Spring Waters of Saratoga, 4BB THE BEST OF ALL THE SARATOGA WATERS FOR THE USE OJ PERSONS OF CONSTIPATED HABIT. Tiiey act promptly and pleasantly, without producing debility, and their effect Is not weakened by continued use, as is the case with ordinary cathartics. At the tmme time they are not too cathartic — a fault with some of our moH drast.c mint- ml ttxiters— but sufficiently so for daily and healthful use, and not strong enough to produce reaction. Their continued use keeps the blood in a very pure and healthful condition, producing a clear floiid complexion. They preserve the tone of the stomach, ani •re powerful preventives of fever and bilious complaints. THE COLUMBIAN SPRING WATER lb universally acknowledged to be the best Chalybeate Wattr known. Where the blood -equires h^on, this water supplies it in the best possible form for use. Th« assimilation is perfect. A grain of iron in this water is, in the opinion of a cele- brated physician, " more potent than twenty grains exhibited according to the Ph armacopceia. " These waters, being purely natural, are highly recommended, and very fre- quently prescribed by the best medical authorities, many of whom, however, have expressed their condemnation in strong terms of the use of artificial mineral waters. Every genuine bottle of Congress Water has a large ** C " raised on the glasB. FOR SALE BY DRUGGISTS and HOTELS THROUGHOUT the COUNTRY, None Genuine Sold on Draught. At our General Mineral Water Depot, In New York, all varieties of Natural Waters for sale at proprietors' prices, delivered and shipped in New York, Brook- lyn, and Jersey City, free of charge. Orders by n.ail will receive prompt attention. Empties taken back and allowed for at liberal prices. Address, CONGRESS AND EMPIRE SPRING CO., 94 Cliaiubers Street, Nciv York City, Or, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. T. lar^In connection with a recent analysis of Congress Water, Prof. Chandler 8ay»; " As a Cathartic water, its almost entire freedom from iron should recominflB£ It above all others, many of which contain fo much of this ingredient as to pedcti*!} koi>aif their usef olness." FALL RIVER LINE Between New York and Boston Via. 2VEAV3POI1T AIVI> F^H^JLi KIVEH. STEAMERS LEAVE NEW YORK AT 5D M Daily (Sundays, June nth to Sept. loth, inclusive,) r . If I . from Pier 28, N. R. , ft. of Murray St. ; 4 P. M. in winter, THE WORLD-RENOWNED STEAMERS BRISTOL, . PROVIDENCE, COMMANDER, A. G, SIMMONS. COMMANDER, B. M. SIMMONS, Trains leave Boston from the Old Colony R.R. Depot, corner South and Kneeland Sts., at 4:30 and 6 P. M., (and Sundays, June nth to Sept. loth, inclusive, at 7 P. M.,) connecting with these magnificent Steamers at Fall River. Steamers leave Newport at 8:30 P. M. The Very Best Route to and from New York, Boston, Taunton, New Bedford, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Cape Cod, the White Mountains, and all points East, South, and West, 3VEXJ JS 10. The Management having in view the ENTERTAINMENT as well as the COMFORT AND SAFETY of their patrons, have at great expense engaged, for the season of pleasure travel. Hall's Celebrated Reed, String and Brass Bands, which will entertain passengers every evening with a GRANJJ PHOMEIS'ADE CONCERT. FOR TICKETS AND STATEROOMS in New York, apply at 529 Broadway; Broadway, cor, 23d St.; Dodd's Express Ofilce, 944 Broadway ; and 4 Court St., Brooklyn, at all principal Hotels and Ticket Offices, at the Office on the Pier, and on board of Steamers. In Boston, at No 3 Old State House and at Old Colony R.R. Depot. Through Tickets sold by all the principal Railroads East, South and West. Baggage checked to destination. THE ONLY DIEEOT LINE TO AND PEOM NEWPOET. i^'" Ask for Tickets via Fall River Line. J. R. KENDRICK. Sup't, BORDEN k LOVELL, Agents, 0. C. n.n., Boston, O. C. S. B. Co., New York. GEO. L CONNOR, Gen'i Pass'r Ae:t . 0. C. S. B. Co., New York. • THE "BRUWSWTICK/' Boylslon Sireel^ cor. of Clarendon^ Boston, Muss. A new strictly first-class Hotel. ConTeniently located in the most fashional/le part of the city. Fire-proof — all modem. improTements. J. W. WOLCOTT, Proprietor. WESTMINSTEIi HOTEL, Sixteenth Street and Irving Place, New York City. Centrally located. Affords accommodations of peculiar ex- cellence. European Plan. CHAS. B, FERRIN, Prop'r. Best Religious Weel- >- o This wonderful mineral fountain was discovered in February, 1870. It is located on the Ballaton avenue, one and a half miles south of principal hotele, at Saratoga Springs. The water vein was struck by the drill in the bu-d's-eye lime- atone one hundred and thirty-two feet beneath the surface rock. The orifice, bored in the rock, is five and a half inches in diameter, and 132 feet deep, and ia tubed with a block-tin pipe, encased with iron, to the depth of eighty-five feet. Analysis of one U. S. Gallon by Professor C. F. Chandler, Ph.D., of Columbia College School of Mines ; Chloride of Sodium. . . . 562.080 grains. ChlorideofPota&ium. 24.634 " Bromide of Sodium. . . . 2.212 " Iodide of Sodium 0.248 " Fluoride of Calcium . . Bicarbonate of Lithia. Bicarbonate of Soda . . Bicarb, of Magnesia.. Bicarbonate of Lime . trace. 9.004 71.232 149.343 168.392 Bicarbonate of Strontia 0.425 Bicarbonate of Baryta. 2.014 grains. Bicarbonate of Iron.... 0.979 " Sulphate of Potassa. . . . 0.318 " Phosphate of Soda trace. Biborate of Soda trace. Ahimina trace. Silica 0.665 " Organic matter trace. Total solid contents.. . .991.546 Carbonic Acid Gas in 1 TJ. S. Gal 454.082 cub. in. Density l.Oll Temperature 46° Fah. It will be observed that the water is strongly charged with valuable medici- nal, mineral and gaseous proper .ies, and the preponderance of Gas enables the water to hold its heavy and vahtable mineral elements in perfect solution, whereby the water is bottled in perfect purity, and may be preserved for agea and in any climate. The fact that the Spring is located 132 feet beneath a solid rock renders it free from all impurities from surface wash or drainage. The water never varies in flavor, nor are its properties subjected to change by the dilution of fresh water or the mingling of foreign substances during the wet seasons of the year. As a medicinal agency its effects are marvelous, especially in cuianeotia disea-fes or any of the various phases of Scrofula, also in Kidney Disease, Liver Complaint, Dyspepsia, Biliousntas, Rheumatism, Acidity of Stomach, Constipa- tion, and Piles. Geyser Water is a powerful cathartic, while at the same time, by proper use. its minerals m.iy be retained to operate as a tonic and builder up of an en- feebled system. Geyser Water operates with excellent effect upon the Kidneys. The lithia found in it is a specific for gravel or stone, and is effectual in dis- Bolving the chalk or limestone and urate deposits in Rheumatism and Gout. As an Aperient or Cathartic the water should be taken jn the morning. It is sold in cases of four dozen Pints, two dozen Pints, or two dozen Quarts, and in Block Tin- Lined Barrels containing 30 gallons, for draught by druggists. The Spring property is not managed by a Stock Company, and for the pur- poses of business the proprietor has adopted only the name '* G-eyser Spring." Address GEYSER SPRING, Jacob M. Adams, Prop'r. Saratoga Springs, N. Y United states Ink Man'fg Co. BLACK WATER-PEOOF WEITING INK. Will not blur or spread when exposed to the action of water in any way, for any length of time. Is Black when first written with. Is Absolutely Non-corrosive. Does not gum up the pen. Our Copying (and Writing) Fluid is superior to any in the market, foreign or domestic. Superior Colored Inks and. M;iacilage. Our Liquid Bluing is the purest and best in the market. Four times as economical as any other. Tte SOUGHT AFTER HAIR RESTORER is manufactured by Mr. L. Wilkins of the Company. Is the best article known for Restoring grey hair to its original color. la not a dye. Does not injure the hair or head. SALESROOMS, No. 49 DEY STREET, NEW YORK CITY, AWARDED THE HIGHEST MEDAL AT VIENNA. E. & H. T. ANTHONY & CO., 581 BROADWAY, NEW" YORK, (0pp. Metropolitan Hotel.) MlarLiafactiirers, Im.poi'ters and Dealers iti Ohromos and Frames, Stereoscopes and Views, ALBUMS, GRAPHOSCOPES, and SUITABLE VIEWS. PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS. "We are Headquarters for everything in the way of Being Manufacturers of the Micro-Scientific Lantern, Stereo-Panopticon, University Stereoptioon, Advertiser's Stereopticon, Artopticon, School Lantern, Family Lantern, People's Lantern. Each style being the best of its class in the market. Catalogues of Lanterns and Slides, with directions for using, sent on application. ANT ENTEEPRISING MAN CAN MAKE MONET WITH A MAGIC LANTERN. Visitors to the Centennial are invited to examine our display at the Exposition hi Photographic Hall, and to call on us at our Store in New York. On your way to the Centennial, stop in ]Vew York and have yowr Photo- g^raph taken hy ABM. BOGARDUIS, the Art Photographer of thirty years' experience. £very man, iroman and child should have some of my exquisite pictures to shoiF hovr you looked in the Centennial Year of American Indepen- dence. Remember my Gallery is 872 Broadway, cor. of 18th Street, only. ]\ro connection with other Galleries carried on by persons pretending to be my successors. Block beloiv and opposite Arnold^ Constable & Co's. it Sams mme Monej^. " Fulfills the condition of a Family Sewing Machine far better than any other machine in the market." — Judges' Beportf Ameri' can Institute Fair. WILLCOK & GIBBS AUTOMATIC SILENT SEWING MACHINE. Awarded the grand "Gold Medal of Progress," of the Ameri- ican Institute, Nov., 1875, and the " Scott Legacy Medal," of the Franklin Institute, Oct., 1875. No other Sewing Machine in the world has an " AUTOMATIC TENSION," or any other of its characteristic features. WILLCOX & GIBBS S. ffl. Co. invite the public to inspect this marvel of Sewing Machine mechanism — unquestionably the greatest invention in Sewing Machines since their introduction; completely revolu- tionizes the art of machine sewing. Visitors are delighted. Call and examine, or send for full Descriptive Catalogue. Perfect and durable Worh altvaya asstired No Instruction or Experience required. No Ripping, Most Powerful Feed ever invented. The Only Machine in the World with A.utoniatio Tension. New Stitch Regulator, Absolutely Noiseless in operation. Other New and Valuable Features, WILLCOX & GIBBS S. M. Co., 658 BROADWAY, CoE. OF Bond Stkeet, NEW YORK. THE HEALTH-LIFT Heduced to a Science. CUMULATIVE EXERCISE. A Thorough Gymnastic System IN TEN MINUTES ONCE A DAY. Health restored and Muscular Strength developed by equalizing and invigorating the circulation. The result of twenty years practical and theoretical study and experi- ment. The only scientific system of physical training. Minimum time for maximum results. Thia "cut" represents a lady taking an exercise on the Reactionary Lifter. It will be seen that the Exercise, as well as the Appabatus, ia especially adapted for Ladies vse. It is the only Machine in use by which a l»dy can take sufficient exercise without change of dress, soiled hands, awkward positions, etc. By its use, ten minutes once a day, they can get •11 needed exercise. You are cordially invited to visit the LADIES' PARLORS New York Health-Lift Company, 46 EAST FOURTEENTH STKEET, Bet Broadway and University Place, NEW ^ORK. John F. Trow & Son, PRINTERS AND BOOKBINDERS, Combine in their Extensive Premises, 205-213 EAST TWELFTH ST. AKD 15 VANDEWATER ST., OSTK^^ YORK, The resources of the Old and Well-known Houses of John F. Trow, Robert Craighead, and C. A. Alvord. They are constantly adding improvements, Iwth In the Biisii m FfiiiTiM Immim, And offer to Publishers facilities nne^inalled in this country for the EAPID AITD ACOUEATE PEODUOTION OF BOOKS. ALL ORDERS FOR Job Printing Promptly attended to. Estimates for B'nding or Printing furnished on application. SMITH'S PAI^LOE. B£:D DEPOT. Also, Ladies' Cutting Table and Folding Chairs. 816 Broadway, Near 12th Street, NEW YORK