BonIr > (^ /r G^yrightl^" COPYRIGHT DEi-OSir. / ^ DIAGRAM, CONSTRUCTED BY CAPT. J. P. CADMAN, A. M., ST. LOUIS, ESPECIALLY FOR CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. Illustrating the remarkable progress of Missouri since her admission into the Union and showing the rank in population of 23 other States according to each census from 1820 to 1870, and their ratio of increase during the last decade. Missouri, as will be noticed, was in 1820 23d in rank; in 1830, 21st; in 1840, i6th; in 1850, 13th; in i860, 8th; and in 1870, Fifth. c rt (A I 1820. N. Y. 1830. N. y. 1840. N. Y. i8so. N. Y. j86o. N. Y. 1870. N. Y. Pwcentage of increase bet i860 & 1870. 12.94 c I 2 Va. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. 21.19 2 3 Pa. Va. Ohio. Ohio. Ohio. Ohio. 13.92 3 4 N. C. Ohio. Ky. Ohio. N. C. Ky. Va. Tenn. Ky. Va. Tenn. Mass. 111. Va. Ind. 111. , 48.36 ] 5152 24.45 4 5 Mo. 5 6 Ind. 6 7 Mass. S. C. Tenn. Tenn. Mass. S. C. N. C. Mass. Ge. Ind. Ky. Ga. Mass. Mass. Ky. Tenn. 18.38 23.98 25.91 7 8 Mo. 8 9 Ky. 9 10 Md. Ga. Ind. N.C. Tenn. Va. * 10 II Ga. Md. S. C. 111. Ga. Iowa. 76.91 II 12 Me. N.J. Conn. Me. Ind. N.J. Ala. Me. 111. Ala. N.C. Ala. Miss. Ga. Mich. N.C. 35-73 58.06 24-55 12 ^3 Mo. 13 14 S. C. H 15 N. H. Vt. La. Ala. Conn. Vt. Md. Miss. Me. Md. Wis. Mich. La. Wis. Ala. N.J. 35-93 26.17 38-83 15 16 Mo. 16 17 Miss. 17 18 Ind. N. H. N.J. La. S. C. Miss. 34.26 18 19 Ala. La. La. N.J. Md. Tex. 54.10 19 20 R. I. Miss. Del. 111. Conn. Vt. N. H. Mich. R. I. Mich. Conn. N. H. Vt. Wis. Iowa. N.J. Me. Tex. Conn. Md. La. S. C. Me. Cal. 19.74 26.35 30.01 -0.22f 54.68 20 21 Mo. 21 22 Miss. R. I. Del. 22 23 Mo. 23 24 111. 24 The increase in population in Missouri was, between 1820 and 1830, 110.94 per cent.; between 1830 and 1840, 173 per cent.; between 1840 and 1850, 77.75 per cent.; between 1850 and i860, 73.30 per cent.; and between i860 and 1870, 51.52 per cent. The increase of the United States was 22.63 per cent, between i860 and 1870. *The increase was 4.44 per cent., but the erection of West Virginia occasioned a loss to the State, as reduced, of 12.49 P^r cent. I Loss. CAMPBELL'S j.i GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI FROM ARTICLES CONTRIBUTED BY PROMINENT GENTLEMEN IN EACH i COUNTY OF THE STATE, AND INFORMATION COLLECTED AND COL- LATED FROM OFFICIAL AND OTHER AUTHENTIC SOURCES, BY A CORPS OF EXPERIENCED CANVASSERS, UNDER THE PERSONAL SUPERVISION OF THE EDITOR, R. a/ CAMPBELL, AUTHOR OF "CAMPBELL'S ATLAS OF MISSOURI," "CAMPBELL'S ATLAS OF ILLINOIS," "CAMPBELL'S SHIPPERS' GUIDE AND TRAVELERS' DIRECTORY," ETC., ETC. ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS AND ENGRAVINGS. ST. LOUIS: R. A. CAMPBELL, PUBLISHER. 1874. Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1S74-, by ROBERT A. CAMPBELL, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. Barns & Betoon, Becktold & Co . Printers :iiul Stereotypers, Binders 215 JHne St., St Louis. 215 Pine st.. St. Louis. Ch^ *r PREFACE. The most careful observer and candid writer cannot, in making tours through the State, give as accurate information concerning its many important resources, as the intelligent, practical residents of each locality The Editor has not therefore relied mainly upon his personal observation, but has sought the best available authority in every department. He has invited over five hundred able and promment gentlemen in the different counties of the State to contribute informa- tion, descriptions and articles for the work. The parties addressed, with scarcely an exception, have either complied or secured some other com- petent person, who did the State good service by giving the information sought. The vast amounts of description, statistics and history thus obtained,— together with that selected from the works consulted, (see page 14,) have been woven into form and submitted to several prominent citizens of each county for criticism, correction and amendment. After the pages were electrotyped, proofs were sent to contributors and others, and errors in dates, figures, spelling of names, etc., were cor- rected regardless of time, trouble or expense. The Editor desires to acknowledge his indebtedness to these able and pains-taking contrib- utors, and to many others who have read proofs, verified statements, and in many ways enabled him to make the work more complete. Did it not appear partial, he would much like to name several whose assistance has been particularly valuable. He must in justice, however, acknow- ledge his especial obligations to his careful and efficient chief assistant, Mrs. J. M. Townsley, upon whom has devolved much of the editorial work, and to whom must be awarded a generous share of whatever praise the Gazetteer may merit. In such a work perfect accuracy is impossible. From the care taken, however, it is believed that but few errors will be found, and none of great importance. And the Editor feels justified in hoping that the Gazetteer will meet with the approval and patronage of a fact-loving P"^^^"- R. A. C. St. Louis, June, 1874. The publisher will be under obligations to anyone in any part of Missouri, who will furnish him with reliable information concerning changes occurring in the State, or for the correction of possible errors. All such additions and corrections will be made from time to time, as successive editions of this work are issued. ^ CONTENTS. List of Contributors 9 Works Consulted 14 MAPS AND Progress of Missouri.... facing title. Missouri, as admitted to the Union facing St. Louis in 1780, by Atiguste Chouteau facing Section illustrating the Geol- ogy of Missouri — facing Post-offices in Missouri and Index to descriptions 15 14 ig 15 30 DIAGRAMS. Railway Map of Missouri — following 30 Climatological Map of Missouri 3 1 Political Map of Missouri 32 Geological Map of Missouri, facing 33 Climatological Diagrams — facing 728 GENERAL ARTICLES. Topography 651 Statistics 655 Railroads 661 Education 665 History 675 Changes in Government 700 Religious Denominations 713 Climate 723 Lead 73i Iron 745 Physical Geography 755 Geology 755 Mines and Useful Minerals.... 773 Waters of Missouri 780 Prairies 7^2 Timber 783 Soils 784 Pottery Clays 79° COUNTIES. Adair 33 Carroll. Andrew 39 Atchison 43 Audrain 47 Barry 5^ Barton 53 Bates 55 Benton 59 Clay Bollinger 63 ' Clinton Boone 65 Carter "7 Cass 119 Cedar 125 Chariton 129 Christian i37 Clark 141 149 161 Cole 165 Buchanan 73 Cooper 171 Butler 83 Crawford i75 Caldwell 87 Dade i79 Callaway 93 Dallas 183 Camden 99 Daviess 187 Cape Girardeau 103 DeKalb 191 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL Dent 193 Douglas 197 Dunklin 199 Frankl in 201 Gasconade 207 Gentry 211 Greene 215 Grundy 221 Harrison 225 Henry 229 Hickory 233 Holt 235 Howard 241 Howell 255 Iron 259 Jackson . 265 Jasper 273 Jefferson 279 Johnson 287 Knox 293 Laclede 295 Lafayette 299 Lawrence 303 Le\yis 307 Lincoln 311 Linn 317 Livingston 323 McDonald 329 Macon 333 Madison 339 Maries 345 Marion 349 Mercer 361 Miller 365 Mississippi 371 Moniteau 375 Monroe 379 Montgomery 383 Morgan 389 New Madrid 393 Newton 399 Nodaway 403 Oregon 407 Osage 411 Ozark. . . 415 Pemiscot 417 Perry 421 Pettis 427 Phelps 433 Pike 439 Platte 445 Polk 451 Pulaski 45 q Putnam 459 Ralls 463 Randolph 467 Ray 471 Reynolds 477 Ripley 479 St. Charles 481 St. Clair 491 St. Francois 495 Ste. Genevieve 503 St. Louis 509 Saline 581 Schuyler 587 Scotland 591 Scott 595 Shannon 599 Shelby .601 Stoddard 605 Stone 609 Sullivan 613 Taney 617 Texas 619 Vernon 621 Warren 625 Washington 629 Wayne 637 Webster 641 Worth 645 Wright 649 Note.— Some counties and articles occupying more and others less space than calculated has resulted in the omission of pages 169, 170, 213, 214, 543, 344, 359, 360, 413, 414, 573—580 and 705—712, and in having 8 extra pages between 81 and 83 and 2 extra pages between 123 and 125. CONTRIBUTORS TO CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER @ MISSOURL The general articles are furnished by the following able gentlemen, each of whom writes upon a Rubject in. which he is especially interested and well infonned : GEORGE EXGELMANN, M. D., etc., Ejt,- President of St. Louis Academy of Science. HON. GEORGE C. SWALLOW, M.D.,LL.D. Professor of Agriculture, Geology and Botany ■in the Missouri State University, and Late State Geologist. HON. G. C. BROADHEAD, State Geologist. Col WM. F. SWITZLER, .Editor of the Statesman, Columbia. HON JOHN MONTEITH, State Superintendent of Public Schools. Prof. W. T. HARRIS, LL.D., Superintendent of Sf. Tenuis Public Schools and President of St. Louis Academy of Science. PROF. E. P. POWELL, St. Louis. R. O. THOMPSON, M. E., St. Louis. H. M. THOMPSON, ESQ., St. Louis. Capt. J. P. CADAIAN, A. M., St. Louis. The following named gentlemen have contributed the History, Description and Statistics •of the Counties, Cities, Villages, etc. : A. ACKERMAN, ESQ., Attorney at Law, Warrenton, Warren County. T. S. ADAMS, Esq., Lutesville, Bollinger Co. .JOS. H. ALES^VNDER, ESQ., Cashier of Union Savings Bank, St. Charles. Hon. ALBERT O.ALLEN, Editor of if ecorf?, New Madrid. D. C. ALLEN, ESQ., Attorney at Law, Lib- erty, Clay County. B,EV. J. W. ALLEN, St. Louis. J. G. ANDERSON, Esq., Real Estate Agent, Steelville, Crawford County. SCHUYLER ANDREWS, ESQ., Deputy Cl'k and Recorder of Deeds, Green ville,WajTie County. .J. W. ARMSTRONG, ESQ., Editor Rustic, Stoutland, Camden County. O. D. AUSTIN, ESQ., Editor Record, Butler, Bates County. JAS. BARNES, ESQ., Sturgeon, Boone Co. P. BARRICKLOW, ESQ., Salem, Dent Co. J.F. BEATTY, Esq., Editor of Gazette, Milan Sullivan County. Hon. W. n. BENNETT, Attorney at Law, Perryville, Perry County. FRANCIS J. BERNAYS, M. D., late Surgeon in U. S. Army, Ste. Genevieve. FREDERICK L. BILLON, ESQ., St. Louis. A. BLACK, Esq., Merchant, Maysville. De Kalb County. Col. JAMES W. BLACK, Attorney at Law, Richmond, Ray County. A. G. BLACKWELL, Esq., Carrollton, Car- roll County. MILO BLAIR, ESQ., Editor of Eagle, and Mayor of Boonvillo, Cooper County. J. A. BODENHAMER, ESQ., Editor of the People's P}-ess, Carthage, Jasper County. THOS. D. BOGIE, ESQ., Editor of Herald, Keytesville, Chariton County. BOGIE & HUNTER, Editors and Publishers of Herald, Huntsville, Randolph County. S.J. BOSTWICK, ESQ., Attorney at Law and County Superintendent of Public Schools, Waynesville, Pulaski County. Rev. THOS. BOWMAN, Bishop of M. E. Ch , St. Louis. JOHN N. BOYD, ESQ., Attorney at Law, Chillicothe, Livingston County. Maj. S. G. BROCK, Attorney at Law, Macon City, Macon County. OTTO BRIX, Esq., Editor of Pos<, Washing- ton, Fi-anklin County. JAMES F. BROOKS, Justice of the Peace, Jackson, Cape Girardeau Coimty. H. L. BROWN, Esq., Real Estate Agent, Fayette, Howard Coimty. lO CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. J. J. BROWTJ, Esq., Attorney at Law, For- syth, Taney County. Hon. M. C B KOWN, Monroe City, Monroe Co. THOS. C. BROWN, ESQ., Van Buren, Car- ter County THEODORE BROWER. ESQ., Publisher of Herald, Bolivar, Polk County. HENRY BRUMBACK, Esq., Attorney at Law, Mt. Vernon, Lawrence County. Hon. R. F. BULLER, Attorney at Law, Stockton. Cedar County. B. F. BURCn, M. D., Washington, Franklin County. Hon.N. C. BURCH, Editor of Journal. Jeffer- son City. C. E. BUREN, ESQ., Publisher of Advance, Princeton, Mercer County. REV. A. H. BURLINGHAM, D.D., Pastor 2d Baptist Church, St. Louis. W. A BURNS, Esq., Charleston, Mississippi County. COL. D. A. BURTON, Editor, Fredericktown, Madison County. J. M. BYLER, Esq., Real Estate Dealer, Se- dalia, Pettis County. W]VI. J. BYRAN, Esq., Editor, Montgomery City. Hon. J. E.CADLE,M.D.,Chillicothe, Living- ston County. R. CAHILL, Esq., Attorney at Law, Doni- phan, Ripley County. R. R. CALKINS, ESQ., Editor Standard, St. Joseph. Maj. G. W. CARLETON, Esq., Attorney at Law, and Editor of Democrat, Gayoso, Pemiscot County. ALEX. CARTER, ESQ., Circuit and County Clerk,. Van Buren, Carter County. Judge SOL. D. CARUTHERS, County Clerk Fredericktown, Madison County. E. P. CARUTHERS, Esq., Editor of Bee. Fredericktown, Madison County. C. C. CASH, Esq., County Superintendent of Public Schools, Hartville, Wright County. JOHN S. CHANDLER, Esq., Real Estate and Insurance Agent, Shelbina, Shelby Co. S. CHANDLER, ESQ., Stockton, Cedar Co. A. W. CHENOWETH, M. D., Pineville, McDonald County. J. t. CHILD, Esq., Richmond, Ray Co. W. E. CHILES, Esq., Lexington, Lafayette County. W. G CHURCH, Esq., Editor Agriculturalist Mexico, Audrain County Judge WM. CLANCY, Attorney at Law, Edina, Knox County. Hon. N. G. CLARK, Attorney at Law and Proprietor of Abstract Office, Steelville, Crawford County. Col. JOSEPH COOPER» Howard County. W. D. CRANDALL, ESQ., Editor Gazette, Brookfleld, Linn Coimty. A. II. CRAVEN, Esq., Ozark, Christian Co. Judge C. B. CRUMB, Attorney at Law,. Bloomfleld, Stoddard County. Hon. D. S. crumb, C. E., Real Estate Agent, Bloomfleld, Stoddard County. Hon. Jno. F. DARBY, St. Louis. Hon. D. E. DAVIS, Richland, Pulaski County. "Uncle " PETER DEAN, Perry Coimty. D. A. De ARMOND, Esq., Attorney at Law, Greenfield, Dade County. Col. MARK L. DE MOTTE, Y:<\\ior of Register Lexington, Lafayette County. SAMUEL DICKEY, ESQ , Merchant, Marsh- fleld, Webster County. J. P. DILLINGHAM, ESQ., Attorney at Law, Ironton, Iron County. Hon. D. S. DONEGAN, Licking, Texas Co. Col. jno. DONIPHAN, Attorney at Law, St. Joseph. JOHN D. DOPF, Esq , Real Estate Dealer, Rockport, Atchison Co. T. E. DOUTIIIT, Esq., Supt. of Public Schools. Liberty ville, St. Francois County. E. draper, Esq., Real Estate Agent, Louis- iana, Pike Co. JAMES DUMARS, Esq., Editor of i^ree Press, Bolivar, Polk Co. DYSART & MILLER, Editors & Publishers of Excelsior, Lancaster, Schuyler County. Rev. J. G. EBERHARD, St Louis. J. E. F. EDWARDS, A. B., Attorney at Law, , Ironton, Iron County. Col. NEWTON G. ELLIOTT, Farmer and Director of M. K. & T. R.R., New Franklin, . Howard County. Hon. R. C. EWING, Judge of Criminal Court,. Kansas City. JOHN W. FARRIS, Esq., County Clerk and Recorder, Lebanon, Laclede County. L. N. FARRIS, ESQ., Logan Creek, Reynolds County. Rev. R. p. FARRIS, D. D., Editor of 0. S. Presbyterian, St. Louis. Hon. L. J. FARWELL, Ex-Gov.ofWiscon- sin. Grant City, Worth County. W. T. FOSTER, Esq., Editor of Tribune,. Bethany, Harrison County. J. F. FRANKEY, ESQ, Attorney at Law,. Unionville, Putnam County. J. M. FRAZIER, Esq., Hartville, Wright Co. JAMES T. FREEMAN, Esq., Real Estate Agent, Grant City, Worth County. J. M. GALLEMORE, ESQ., Editor, Salisbury, Chariton County. J. WADE GARDNER, M.D., Osceola, St. Clair County. A. GIBONY, Esq., Editor of iS^'ews, Attorney at Law, Poplar Bluff, Butler County. Maj. W. C. B. GILLESPIE, Editor of Register. Kirksville, Adair County. Hon. R. Q. GILLILAND, Farmer, Gaines- ville, Ozark Comity. JUDGE H. A. GLENN, Attorney at Law, Harrisonville, Case County. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. C. H. S. GOODMAN, Esq., Attorney at Law, Albany, Gentry County. Kev. C. L. GOODKLL, St. Louis. C. M. GORDON, ESQ., Attorney at Law, Cali- fornia, Moniteau County. SAMUEL M. GREEN, ESQ., Attorney at Law, and County Supt. of Schools, Cape Girar- deau. OLIVER GUTHRIE, ESQ., Marshall, Saline County. N. M. GWYNNE, ESQ., Attorney at Law, Memphis, Scotland County. S. K. HALL, ESQ., Warrensburg, Johnson County. N. H. HAMPTON, M. D., Marshfleld. Webs- ter County. JOHN A. HANNAY ESQ , Editor of Gazette, V Versailles, Morgan County. O. D. HARRIS, Esq., Cashier of Bank, Ste. Genevieve. HON. T. R. E. HARVEY, ESQ., Miami, Salme County. L. T. HATFIELD, ESQ., Attorney at Law, Milan, Sullivan County. D. J. HEASTON, ESQ.. Editor of Watchman, Bethany, Ilarrif >n County. J. C. HEBERLING, M. D., Boonsboro, Howard County. Z. T. HEDGES, ESQ., Editor of Southwest, North Springfield, Greene County. GEO. B. HERENDEN, ESQ., Publisher, Han- nibal, Marion County. JOEL HESTER, Esq., County Surveyor, Oregon, Holt County. E. E HICKOK, ESQ., Notary Public, Paris, Monroe County. RUDOLPH HIRZEL, ESQ., Attorney at Law, Hermann, Gasconade County. D. L. HOFFMAN, ESQ., Editor of Advance, Morley, Scott County. Dk. A G. HOLLENBECK, Buffalo, Dallas Co. Dr. E. HOVEY, Buffalo, Dallas County. MAJ. G. H. HUBBELL, Farmer, Trenton Grundy County. A. W. HUTCHINS, ESQ., Notary Public, Real Estate and Insurance Agent, Lex- ington, Lafayette County. HUTTON & JACKS, Publishers Intelligencer Mexico, Audrain County. W. T. JOHNSON, ESQ., Osceola, St. Clair Coimty. Hon. E. frank HYNES, West Plains, Howell County. 0. C. JOXES, Esq., Editor Reporter, Bloom- field, Stoddard County. 1. M. JULIAN, Esq., Editor Democrat, War- rensburg, Johnson County. WM. KAUCHER, ESQ., Ex-Sheriff, Oregon, Holt County. VINCENT P. KELLEY, ESQ., Superinten- dent of Public Schools, Cameron, Clinton County Hon. S. B. KELLOGG, St Louis. JOHN KERR, M. D., County Clerk, Galena, Stone County. CHARLES K. KEW, ESQ., Real Estate Ag't and Notary Public, Commerce, Scott Co. O. J. KERBY, Esq., Editor Journal, Carroll- ton, Carroll County. J. B. KING, Esq , Probate Judge and Attor- ney at L.aw, Vienna, Maries County. L. L. KINGSBURY, ESQ., Editor Democratic Banner, Fayette, Howard County. HON. D. L. KOST, Attorney at Law, Galla- tin, Daviess County. Judge R. H. LANDRUM, Mt. Vemon, Law- rence County. Hon. PRESLEY C. LANE, Palmyra, Marion County. JAMES H. lay. Esq , Real Estate Agent, Warsaw, Bt-uton County. B. R. LINGLE, Esq., Editor of Democrat, Warsaw, Bcntoii County JACOB A. LOVE, ESQ., School Commis- sioner, Lane's Prairie, Maries County. J. M. LOVE, ESQ , Editor of Times, Macon City, Macon Co. WM. A. LOVE, ESQ., Clerk of Circuit. County and Probate Courts, Gainesville, Ozark County. M. A. LOW, ESQ., Attorney at Law, Hamilj ton, Caldwell Comity. H. P. LYNCH, M. D., Commerce, Scott Co. REV. D. R. McANALLY, D. D., Editor N. W. Christian Advocate, St. Louis. JOHN C. MCCOY, Esq., Kansas City. W. G. Mcdowell, esq , Real Estate Ag't, Greenfield, Dade County. L. W. McKINNEY, ESQ., Attorney at Law, Fulton, Callaway County. JAS. M. MCLELLAN, ESQ., Attorney at Law Troy, Lincoln Coxmty. E. W. MC.MULLIN, Editor oi Jefferson Demo- crat, Hillsboro, Jefferson Co. LOGAN MCREYNOLDS, M. D., Pleasant Hill, Cass County. J. G. MAGANN, ESQ., Editor of Opinion, Sedalia. Judge G. W. MAGOWAN, New London, Ralls County. DEXTER MASON, ESQ.,Robidoux, Texas Co. F. A. MASON, ESQ., Editor of the iVew«, Hartville, Wright County. J. F. MASON, ESQ., Grant City, Worth Co. HON. J. B. MERWIN, Fditor of the American Journal of Education, St. Louis. JNO. W. MILLER, ESQ., Supt. of Public Schools, Current River Shannon County. R. H. MILLER, Esq., Editor of Tribune, Lib- ertj'. Clay County. A. B. MILLS, Esq., Editor Sentinel, Kings- ton. Caldwell County. HON. JAS. R. MILNER, Attorney at Law and Principal of the Board of Regents of State Normal School, Springfield, Greene County. 12 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL THOMAS MITCHELL, ESQ., Farmer, Shel- bina, Shelby County. J. G. MOOUE, Esq., Monticello, Lewis Co. JOHN W. M(30UE, Esq., Attorney at Law, Calilbniia, Moniteau County. W. P. MOOUE, Esq., LaCrange, Lewis Co. A. P. MOREHOUSE, ESQ., Ileal Estate Ag't, Maryville, Nodaway County. Hon. T. J. O. MOKKISON, Senator, New Madrid. J. A. MUDD M. D., Editor Herald, Troy, Jjincoln County. J. F. MUUl'IIY, ESQ., Superintendent of Public Schools, Eldorado, Clark County. GEO. T. MURPHY, Esq., County Supt. of Public Schools, St. Louis. DeWITT MYERS, Esq., late Publisher of Argus, Appleton City, St. Clair County. Judge F. C. NEELEY', Real Estate Agent, Greenville, Wayne County. M. N. NEIHARDT, Esq., Attorney at Law, Hermitage, Hickory County. Rev. S. J. NICHOLLS, D.D., Pastor 2d Pres- byterian Church, St, Louis. N. G. NORMAN, Esq., Alton, Oregon Co. B. J. NORTHCUTT, Esq., Pres. B. & S. W. R. R., Linneus, Linn County. W. T. O'BRYANT, ESQ., Publisher of Repub- licnn, Unionville, Putnam County. JAMES O'GORMAN, Esq., County Clerk, Lexington, Lafayette County. E. B. PARK, C. E., Chillicothe, Livingston County. E. N. PARKER,.Esq., Washington, Franklin County. A. J. PARKS, Esq., Clerk of Circuit Court, Centreville, Reynolds County. O. E. PAUL, Esq., Editor and Proprietor / oi Republican, Savannah, Andrew County, V W. M. PAXTON, Esq., Attorney at Law, Platte City. J. A. PAYNE, Esq., Sheriff, Vera Cruz, Douglas County. JAMES E. PAY'NE, ESQ., Editor Courier, Harrisonville, Cass County. li. K. PEERS, Esq., Merchant, Farmington, St. Frartcois County. ALVINA PERKINS, Esq., County Supt. of Public Schools, Albiua, Howell County. W. N. PICKERILL, A. M., Attorney at Law, Clinton, Henry County. J. M. PIERCE, Esq., Editor of Star, Grant City, Worth County. Hon. WILSON PRIMM, Judge of Criminal Court, St. Louis. Hon. BRAXTON POLLARD. Shelbina, Shelby County. ALBERT E. PUTNAM, ESQ., Clerk County Court, Maysville, De Kalb County. Col. JOHN RALLS, Attorney at Law, New London, Ralls County. S. A. RAWLINGS, Esq., Publisher Democrat Shelbina, Shelby County. JOHN RAY', M. D., Editor and Publisher of Democrat, Cassville, Barry County. HENRY REED, ESQ., County Supt. of Pub- lic Schools, Canaan, Gasconade County. O. S. REED, A. M., Editor of Advertiser, Springlield, Greene County. T. B. REESE, Esq., County Supt. of Public Schools, Versailles, Morgan County. WM. S. RELFE, Esq., Attorney at Law, Potosi, Washington County. J. A. RICHARDSON, ESQ., Editor of 3/on«or, Ozark, Christian County. G. H. RIFE, Esq., County Supt. of Public Schools, Little Black, Ripley County. A. P. RITTENHOUSE, Esq., Attorney at Law, Vienna, Maries County. Rt.Rev. C. F. ROBERTSON, D.D., St. Louis. Dr. H. E. ROBINSON, Editor of Republican, Maryville, Nodaway County. J. B. ROP,INSON, Esq., Clerk of the Circuit and Coimty Courts, Tuscumbia, Miller County. J. B. ROCKE, M. D., Van Buren, Carter Co., A. RODEMY'RE,ESQ., 'EAitov Fireside Guard Centralia, Boone County. M. V. RODNEY', Esq., County Supt. of Pub- lic Schools, Charleston, Mississippi Co. Rev. ERNST ROSS, St. Louis. Rev. RANDALL, ROSS, D. D., Greenwood. Hon. LUCIEN SALISBURY', Farmer, spec ialty Trotting Stock, Salisbury, Chariton County. SAMPSON & BRO., Attorneys at Law,SedaUa, Pettis County. W. R. SAMUELS, ESQ., Real Estate Agent, Huntsville, Randolph County. E. P. SEARLE, Esq , Real Estate Agent, Carthage, Jasper County. Rev. G. SEYMOUR, Steelville, Crawford County. M. V. B. SHATTUCK, M.D., Carthage, Jasper County. Rev. J. E. SHARP, Pastor Cumberland Pres- byterian Church, Kansas City. Dk. R. SHELBY', Perry County. Hon. M. F. SIMMONS, Editor of Messenger, Mexico, Audrain County. Rev. JOHN SNY'DER, St. Louis. J. J. SITTON, Nurseryman, Pinkleyville^ Oregon County. J. H. SLINGERLAND, Esq., Laclede, Linn Coimty. E. B. smith, Esq., County Clerk, Potosi, Washington County. S. W. SMITH, Esq., Editor of Times, Warsaw, Benton County. Rev. Dk. S. H. SONNESCHEIN, St. Louis. HOMER SPIVA, Esq., Co. Supt. of Schools, Clarkton, Dunklin County. P. S. STANLEY', ESQ., Alexandria, Clark Co. EDWIN W. STEPHENS, Esq., Editor of Herald, Columbia, Boone County. P. C. STEPP, ESQ., Trenton, Grundy Co. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. 15 C. H. STEWARD, ESQ., Clerk of the County Court, Princeton, Mercer County. N. H. STIDGER, ESQ., Shelton & Stidger, Attorneys at Law, Uuionville, Putnam Co. B. STINSOX, Esq., Assistant Editor Central Christian Advocate, St. Louis Hon JOHN H. STOVER, VeraaiUes, Morgan County. T. C. STRICKLAND, ESQ., Lebanon, Laclede County. JAMES R. SULLH^AN, ESQ., Greenville, Wayne County. Hon. J. W. SUTHERLAND, Kirkwood, St. Louis County. Col. W. F. SWITZLER, Bditor of statesman, Columbia, Boone County. D. B. TAYLOR, A. M., Editor Times, Spring- field, Greene County. Prof. D FRAZER TOMSON, Editor and Manager of tlie Richland Sentinel, Rich- land, Pulaski County. L. A. THOMPSON, ESQ., Editor, Danville, Montgomery Coimty. T. O. TOWLES, Esq , Editor of Democrat, Lagrantre, Lewis County. R N. TR AVER, ESQ., Editor, Albany, Gentry County. ISAAC B. TTJBB, Esq., Attorney at Law, Poplar Bluff, Butler County. J. H. TURNER, Esq., Business Manager of the Record Printing Company, Carrollton, Carroll County. Hon. AMEDEE VALLE, St. Louis. VAN BUREN VANDYKE, ESQ., Real Estate Agent, Butler, Bates County. E. VAN BUSKIRK, Esq., Attorney at Law, Oregon, Holt County. V Hon. R. T. VAN HORN, Editor Jmirnal, Kansas City. Gen. R. C. VAUGHAN, Esq., Lexington, Lafayette County. C. J. WALDEN, Esq., Editor Advertiser, Fayette, Howard Co. J. ED. WALILER, ESQ., Real Estate Agent, Hillsboro, Jefferson County. JESSE B. WALLIS, ESQ., Greenville, Wayne County. REV. Father WM. WALSH, St. Louis. Rev. C. F. W. WALTHER, St. Louis. R. F WALTON, Esq., Ozark, Christian. County. U. B. WEBSTER, ESQ., County Supt. of Public Schools, Joplin, Jasper County. Hon. J. F. WIELANDY, Jefferson City» Cole Coimty. W. L. WILLARD, ESQ., Editor Heraldy Shelbyville, Shelby County. Hon. a. M. WILLIAMS, Editor Journaly Neosho, Newton County. J. B. WILLIAMS, ESQ., Editor Telegraphy Fulton, Callaway County. JNO.M. WILLIAMS, ESQ., Attorney at Law California, Moniteau County. Hon. CHAS. A. WINSLOW, Brunswick, Chariton County. Hon. J. H. WINSTON, Platte C.ty. Prof. MARC W. WOOD, Hannibal, Marion County. HON. J. R. WOODSIDE, Circuit Judge, 13th Disti-ict, Thomasville, Oregon County. A. J. WRAY, ESQ., Attorney at Law and County Supt. of Public Schools, Lamar» Barton County. LUCIEN B. WRIGHT, ESQ., County Supt. of Public Schools, Hardin, Ray County. L. S. WRIGHT, ESQ., Editor of Stet, Linn Creek, Camden County. Hon a. E. WYATT, Banker, Rockport, Atchison County Hon. WM. F. YOCUM, Platte City. 14 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. List of Works consulted in the preparation of Campbell's Gazetteer of Missouri. Atlas and Gazetteer of the United States— AslierA Adams. Illu-trated Hand Book of American Travel— I). Appk'ton. ITuivfrbal i'ronouncing Gazetteer— F. Bald- win. Pronouncing Gazetteer, or Geographical Dic- tionary—Titos. J. & J. Baldwin Gazetteer of the States oi Illinois and Mis- souri— L. C. Beck. Discovery and Settlement of Louisiana— H. M. Brackenridge. Illustrated Atlas of the U. S. and Adjacent Countries— T. G. Br.idford. Universal Gazetteer— U. Brookes. Western Gazetteer, or Emigrant's Directory — S. 11. Brown. History of Louisiana— E. Bunner. History of Illinois — Davidson & Stuv6. Atlas of Illinois— 11. A. Campbell. Atlas of Missouri— R. A. Campbell. Atlas of the World— G. W Colton. Universal Gazetteer— W. Darby. Gazetteer of Korth America and the West Indies— B. Davenport. The Great West and her Commercial Metro- polis— R. Ed war. Is and M. Hopewell. Illinois in lf*37— K. L. Ellsworth. Geological Report of an Examination of the Elevated country between the Missouri and Red Rivers— (i. W. Featherstonbaugh. Sectional Map of aiissouri— Jno. T. Fiala. Statistical Gazetteer of the United States— R S. Fisher. History and Geography of the Mississippi Valley-T. Flint. History of 111 nois T. Ford. Historical Collections of Louisiana— B. F. French. Historical Collections of Louisiana and Flor- ida— B. F. French. History of Louisiana, French Domination — C. Gayarre. History of Louisiana, Spanish Domination — ('. liayarre. Louisiana, its History as a French Colony — C. Gay.irre. (Jazetteer of the World— Harper. History ol the Valley of the Mississippi— A. M. Hart. Spanish Conquest in America— Sir A. Helps. Annals of America from 1492 to 1826— A. Holmes. Family Atlas— A. J. Johnson. General Atlas— Kitchen. Expedition to the Sources of the Missouri River— Lewis & Clark. Pronouncing Gazetteer— J. B.Lipplncott & Co. History of the United States— B. J. Lossiug. Universal Gazetteer— J. R. JEcCullough. History of Louisiana— B. Martin. History of Louisiana— F. X Martin. Description of the U. S. with British and Spanish Possessions— T. Melish. Map of the U. S. with British and Spanish Possessions— J. Melish. Universal Atlas -S. A. Mitchell. History of the Valley of the Mississippi— J. W. Monette Missouri as it is in ISOT- N. H. Parker. History ol the Conspiracy of Pontiac— F. Park- man. Description of St. Louis— James Parton. Gazetteer of Illinois— J. M. Peck. Guide for Emigrants to the West— J. M. Peck. Annals of the West— J M. Peck. History of L,ouisiana, or of the Western Parts of Virginia and Carolina— M. LeP. Du Pratoz Report on the Iron and Coal Fields of Missouri — R. Pumpelly. Pioneer History of Illinois— John Reynolds. Beyond the Mississii)pj— A. D. Richardson. History of the U. S. before the Revolution— E. Sandford. Expedition through the Upper Mississippi— H. R. Schoolcraft. The North-western Regions of the United States— H. R. Schoolcraft. Scenes and Adventures in the Ozark Moun- tains— H. U. Schoolcraft. View of the Lead Mines of Missouri— H. R. Schoolcraft. Geographical Dictionaiy of the United States —J Scott. United States Gazetteer— J. Scott. Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi Valley — T. G. Slu-a Earlv History of St. Louis and Missouri— E. H. Shepard. Harper's Statistical Gazetteer of the World — J. C. Sinitii. Sketches, Historical and Descriptive of Louis- iana— A. Stoddard Missouri, First and Second Annual Report of Geological Survey- G. C. Swallow. Geological Report of "Country along the South- west Branch of the Pacitic Railroad — G . C. Swallow. Geographical and Historical Dictionary of America — (i. A. Thompson. Atlas of the County of St. Louis— C. T. Ulil- mann. The War wiMi the Sac and Fox Indians — J. A. WakolieM. Resources of .Missouri- S. Waterhouse. Gazetteer of the State of Missouri. — A. Wet- more. View of the U. S. and the Eui-opean Settle- ments in America and the West Indies — AV. Winterbotham. Centennial Gazetteer of the United States. American Archives, State Papers and other Notices of Public Affairs. American State Papers, Documents, Legis- lative and Executive of the Congress of the United States. Hunt's Minutes.* Journal Historique de I'Etablissement des Francais a la Louisiane. Livre Terrien.* Louisiana, District and Territorial Laws. Maps of the Society for the Diffusion of Use- ful Ivnow ledge. Missit^sippi Valley Fanner. Missouri Republican liles since ISOS.f Missouri, Report of th.e Board of Public Works of the State of. Misssouri, Report of the Superintendent of Common Schools. Missouri Session Acts, Territorial and State, from 1812 to 1874.. Missouri State Board of Agriculture, Report of Missouri State Horticultural Society, Pro- ceedings of. * Mamiscript, on file in U. S. liecorder's office, St. Louis. t The thank-s of the Editor are tendered to Messrs. Geo. Knapp <^ Co. for the use of the complete files of the llepublican from 1808. INDEX TO POST OFFICES. Post Offices, in Roman. Local Names, in Italic. * Money Order offices. EXPLANATIONS OF FIGURES USED IN THE RAILROAD COLUMN OF tftiS INDEX. 1 St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern. Adnms Express. la St. L., I. M. & S.— Belmont Div. Adams. lb St. L., I M & S.— Cairo & Poplar Bluff. Adams Express. 2 Atlantic & Paciflc. Adams Express. 2a Memphis, Carthage & N. W Adams Ex. 2b St Louis, Salem & Little Rock. Adams. 3 Missouri Paciflc. U. S. Express. 3a M. P.— Boonville Branch. U.S. Express. 3b M. P.— Lexington Branch U.S. Express. 3c St. L , Lawrence & Western. U. S. Ex. 4 St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern— U S Express 4a St.L.,K.C&N.— Columbia Br. U S.Ex. 4b St.L.,K. C. & N.— Northern Br. U. S. Ex. 4c St.L .K C. & N .— Omaha Br. U. S. Ex. 4d Keokuk & Kansas City. U. S. Ex. 5 Missouri, Kansas & Texas. U. S. Ex. from Sedalia south-west. Adams Ex. 5a M.,K &T.— Holden & Paola. U.S. Ex. 6 Chicago & Alton— Mo. Div. U. S. Exp. 7 Hannibal & St Joseph American Ex. 7a H. & St. J —Kansas City Br. Am. Ex. 8 Miss. Valley & Western. U. S. Exp. 9 Quiney, Mo & Paciflc. " " 10 Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska. " " 11 Burlington & Southwestern. Am. Exp. 1-2 Chicago, Rock Island & Paciflc. U. S. Ex. 13 Kansas City, St. J. & C. B. U. S. Ex. 13a KC St.T. &C B.— ChicagoBr. U. S. Ex. 14 St. Louis & St. Joseph. U.S. Ex. 15 St. Louis, Hannibal & Keokuk. U.S.Ex. A Mississippi River. B Missouri River. Post Office. County. R. R. Page. A.berdeen, Pike 441 Abernathy — Longiown, Perry 425 Acasto, Clark 145 Agency, Buchanan 14 7^ Akron, Harrison 226 Alamode, Reynolds 47^ Alanthus Grove, Gentry 211 Alba, Jasper 275 ALBANY, Gentry 212 Albany — Ray 473 Albina, Howell 257 Alexandria, Clark 8, ID cSi A 145 Alice — Horse Creek — Mule Creek, Cedar 127 Allendale, Worth 647 AUenton, St. Louis 3 5^2 Allenville, Cape Girardeau la 105 Alma, Webster 643 Almartha, Ozark 415 Alpha — Nevada, Gx-anAy 222 Alta Vista, Daviess 188 Altenburg, Periy,. 425 ALTON, Oregon 408 Altona, Bates 56 Amazonia, Andrew B 13 & 13a 41 Americus, Montgomery 3^6 Amity, DeKalb 192 Anderson, Clinton 162 Andover, Harrison 226 Annapolis, Iron 262 Anson, Clark 146 Anthony's Mills, Crawford X76 Post Office. County. R. R. Page. Antonia — Jefferson 283 Appleton — Apple Creek, Cape Girar- deau 105 Appleton City,* St. Clair 5 492 Arbela, Scotland lO 593 Arcadia, Iron.... i 262 Areola— Pleasant Hill-^SorCs Creek, Dade i8r Argo, Crawford 176 Arica, DeKalb 192 Arlington, Phelps 2 435 Arno, Douglas 198 Arnold— y9/«^ Eagle, Clay 7a 159 Arnoldsville, Buchanan 76 Arrow Rock, Saline B 583 Ashburn, Pike 44i Asherville, Stoddard 608 Ash Grove, Greene 217 Ash Hills, Butler ib 85 Ashland, Boone 69 Ashley, Pike 441 Ashton, Clark lo 146 Asper, Livingston 326 Astoria, Wright 650 Athens, Clark 146 Atlanta, Macon 4b 335 Auburn, Lincoln 314 Augusta — Mount Pleasant, ^ St. Charles B 487 Aus^Hsta 6'/ff//oM— Boles, Franklin..! 203 Au'llville, Lafayette 3b 301 Aurora, Lawrence 2 305 i6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL Post Office. County. R. R. Page. Austin, Cass 121 Austin, Monroe 5 380 Auxvasse — Clinton City, Callaway 6 95 AVA, Douglas 198 Avalon, Livingston 326 Avilla, Jasper 275 Avoca, Jefterson 283 AvoJa, Vernon b 624 Avon, Ste. Genevieve 506 Ayresville, Putnam 461 Baden — Bellefontaine, St. Louis 4 512 Bailey — Hanover, Jefferson i 283 Bailey's Creek, Osage 412 Baileyville, Carroll II3 Bainbridge, Clinton 162 Bairdstown, Sullivan 615 Baker, St. Clair 492 Baker's Grove — Fairbanks, Barton.. 54 Baladan — Blankenship's Mills, McDonald 330 Bald Knob, Taney 618 Bainown — Little Osage, Vernon.. .b 624 Ballwin, St. Louis 512 Bancroft, Daviess 188 Bandyville, Oregon 408 Bannock — Enterprise, McDonald... 330 Barkersville — Cote Sans Dessein, Callaway B 95 Barkley, Marion 7 353 Barnard, Nodaway ,..l2a 405 Barnett — Manton, Maries 347 Barnettsville — Stone House, Morgan 392 Barneyville — Hickory Cr., Audrain. 49 Barnsville — Logan's Cr., Reynolds. 478 Barnumtown, Camden 100 Barrett, St. Louis 3 512 Barry, Clay 159 Barryville, Macon. 335 Barton City, Barton 54 Battsville, Carroll 113 Bauff, Taney 618 Bay, Gasconade 210 Beaman — Marlin, Pettis 5 429 Bear Branch, Linn 319 Bear Creek — Paynterville, Cedar.... 127 Bear Creek — Marion 7 353 Beaufort, Franklin -. 203 Beaver, Douglas 198 Beaver Valley, Phelps 2 431 Beckville, St. Louis 512 Bedford, Livingston 4c 326 Bee Creek, Taney 618 Bee Ridge, Knox 294 Belew's Creek, Jefferson 284 Belgrade, Washington 633 Bel Air, Cooper 173 Bellefonte, Pulaski 457 Bellefontaine, St. Louis 512 Bellefontaine — Washington 633 Bellefontaine — Baden, St. Louis.. ..4 512 Belleview, Iron 262 Belmont, Mississippi la A 373 Post Office. County. R. R. Belton, Cass ic Benbow, Marion Benjamin, Lewis Benton Cr., Dent 2b Benton — McClurg, Johnson 5a Benton — St. Louis 3 Benton, Scott Benton City, Audrain* 4 Berger, Franklin 3 Berlin, Lafayjtte B Bertrand, Mississippi ib Berwick, Newton 2 Bessville, Bollinger .la BETHANY,* Harrison Bethel, Shelby Bethpage, McDonald Beverly — Round Grove, Macon 7 Beverly Station, Platte 12 & 13 Bevier, Macon 7 Bible Grove, Scotland Biehle, Perry Bigbee —Cynthiana, Callaway 6 Big Creek, Texas Bigelow, Holt 13 Big River Mills, St. Francois Big Spring, Montgomery Billings, Christian 2 Billingsville, Cooper -. 3a Birch Tree, Shannon Bird Point — Mississippi lb A Bismarck, St. Francois I & la Blackjack, St. Louis Black Oak, Caldwell Black Oak Point, Hickory Blackwell, Macon 4b Blackwell Station, St. Francois i Blankenship' s Mills — Baladan, McDonald Bliss, Miller- Block's Mills — Shivelton, Platte... 13 Blodgett, Scott la Bloomfield, Stoddard Blooming Rose, Phelps Blooniington — DeKalb, Buchanan 12 Bloomington, Macon Blooniington — Lane's Pr., Maries.... Bloomsdale, Ste. Genevieve Blue Eagle — Arnold, Clay 7a Blue Eye, Stone Blue Mill, Jackson Blue Mound — Mound Cr., lAwmgsion Blue Ridge, Harrison Blue Springs, Jackson Bluffton, Montgomery B Boeger's Stoe, Osage Bceuf Creek, Franklin Bogard, Henry Bogard Mound, Carroll Bois d' Arc, Greene Bolckow, Andrew 13a Boles — Augusta Station, Franklin,.3 Page. 121 353 309 19s 290 512 597 49 203 301 373 401 64 226 603 330 335 447 335 593 425 95 620 237 499 386 139 ^IZ 600 373 499 512 90 234 336 500 330 368 447 597 608 435 76 336 348 506 159 611 268 326 227 268 386 412 203 231 114 217 41 203 J^'For explanations seepage 15. INDEX TO POST OFFICES. 17 Post Office. County. R. R. Page. BOLIVAR* Polk 345 Bollinger's Mill, Bollinger 42 Bolton, Harrison 672 Bond's Mines, Morgan 392 Bonfils' Station, St. Louis 4 512 Bonhomme, St. Louis 5^2 Bonnofs Mills — Dauphine, Osage 3B 412 Boonsborough, Howard 252 BOONVILLE,* Cooper... 3a, 5 & B 173 Bontear, St. Francois 500 Bourbon, Crawford 177 Bower's Mills— Zyow, Lawrence 305 Bower's Store, Gentry 212 BOWLING GREEN, Pike 6 442 Bowmansville — Medicine, Sullivan.. 615 Boxford, De Kalb 192 Boyd, Dallas 184 Boyler's Mill, Morgan 392 Bradleyville, Taney 618 Brashears — Paulville, Adair 9 35 Brazito, Cole 167 Breckenridge, Caldwell 7 90 Breckenridge — Randolph 469 Bridge Creek, Carroll 114 Bridgeport — Buchanan 76 Bridgeport, Warren 627 Bridgeton, St. Louis 4 512 Bridgewater, Nodaway 13a 405 Brighton, Polk 4';3 Brighton Mills, Jefferson 284 Brookfield,* Linn 7 319 Brookline — Little York, Greene.... 2 217 Brooklyn, Harrison 227 Brosley, Cass 121 Brotherton, St. Louis 4B 512 Browning, Linn n 320 Brown's, Boone 4a 69 Brownsville* — Siveet Springs, Saline 3b 584 Brumley — Mill Creek — Thompson's Store, Miller 369 Brunot, Wayne , 639 Brunswick,* Chariton 4 & 4c B 134 Brush Creek, Laclede 2 297 Bryan, Saline 6 95 Bryant, Callaway 95 Buchanan, Bollinger 64 Buckland's, Phelps 2 435 Bucklin, Linn 7 320 BUFFALO,* Dallas 185 Buffington, Stoddard ib 608 Bufordsville, Cape Girardeau 105 Buhlsville, Gentry 212 Bull's Mills, Christian 139 Bunceton, Cooper 3a 173 Bunker Hill, Myers, Howard 252 Bunker Hill, Lewis 309 Bunker, North View, Webster 2 643 Burbois, Gasconade 210 Burdett, Bates 57 Burlington, Boone 69 Burnett' s St' n— WaWs Store, Johnson 290 Post Office. County. R. R. Page, Burr Oak, Harrison 227 Burr Oak Valley — Robinson's Mill, Lincoln 3 '4 Burton, Howard 5 252 Bushberg, Jefferson I A 284 Bush's, Boone Afi- 69 BUTLER,* Bates 57 Buttsville, Grundy 222 Bynumville, Chariton 134 Byrne, Osage 412 Byrne's Mill, Jefferson 284 Cadet, Washington I 633 Cainsville, Harrison 227 Cairo, Randolph 4b 4^9 Caldwell, Woodland, Marion 7 353 Caledonia, Washington 633 Calhoun, Henry 5 231 CALIFORNIA*, Moniteau 3 376 Callao.Macon 7 Z2>^ Callaway, Callaway 6 95 Calumet, Pike 442 Calvey, Franklin 203 Calvey — Robertsville, Franklin 2 204 Cambridge, Saline B 584 Camden, Ray 4^ 473 Camden Point, Platte 12 447 Cameron,* Clinton 7, 12 and 7a 162 Campbellton, Franklin 204 Canaan, Gasconade ... 210 Cane Hill, Cedar 127 Caney Creek, Scott la 597 Canton * Lewis 8 A 309 Cap au Gris, Lincoln A 314 CAPE GIRARDEAU* A 105 Caplinger's Mills — Sackville, Cedar 127 Cappelen, St. Charles 487 Capps CrQek,yollifuation, Newton.. 401 Caput, Barton 54 Carbon, Macon 7 33^ Carbon U.i\\— Clear Fork, ]o\m%on.Z 290 Carondelct-^o?///^ St. Louis, St. Louis 513 Carpenter's Store, Clinton 163 Carrington, Callaway 6 95 CARROLLTON,* Carroll 4 "4 Carrsville, Henry 231 CARTHAGE,* Jasper 2a 275 Caruthersvilie, Pemiscot A 418 Casco, Franklin 204 Case, Laclede 297 CASSVILLE, Barry 52 Castle, Andrew 4^ Castle Rock, Osage 412 Casto, Texas 620 Castor, Bollinger 64 Castorville, Stoddard 608 Catawba, Caldwell 9° Catawissa, Franklin 2 204 Cave Pump, Camden 100 Cave Springs, Greene 218 Cedar Bluff, Texas 620 Cedar City, Callaway 6 B 96 Cedar Creek, Taney- 618 Cedar Fork, Franklin 204 i8 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Post Office. County. R. R. Cedar Hill, Jefferson Cedarville, Dade Celina, Dent Centerville, Saline Central, St. Louis Central City, Putnam Centralia, Boone 4 &4a Centre, Ralls Centre Creek — Oronogo, Minersville, Jasper 2a Centre Town, Cole 3 Centre View, Johnson.. 3 CENTERVILLE, Reynolds Centreville, Cedar Chain of Rocks, Lincoln Chalk Level, St. Clair Chalybeate, Johnson Chalybeate Springs — Paris Springs, Lawrence Chambersburg, Clark Chambersville, Jasper Chamois, Osage 3 B Chantilly, Lincoln Chapel, Howell Chapel Grove, Greene Chapel Hill, Lafavette CHARLESTON,'Miss la & ib Cheltenham, St. Louis 3 Cherry Box, Shelley Cherry Grove-/)(?t<:'«zM^,Schuyler. 10 Cherry vi lie. Craw ford Chesapeak , Law rence Chestnut Grove, Bates Chestnut Ridge, Ste Genevieve Chilhowee, Johnson CHILLICdTHE,* Liv'gn....4c & 7 City Bluff — IJulsa's Ferry, Nodaway City Point — East Leavenworth, Platte 13 B Civil Bend, Daviess Clapper, Monroe 5 Claremont, Nodaway Clarence,''* Shelliy 7 Clark, Randolph '....4 Clark City, Clark 10 Clarksburgh —Moniteau, Moniteau.3 Clark's P'ork, Cooper Clarksville, Pike A Clarkton, Dunklin Claiysville, Peri7 A Clay, Clark Claysville, Boone Claysville — Prospect Hill — Clay Clayton, Vernon e Clayt onville — Greenville, Clay Cleopatra, Mercer Clear Creek, Cooper Clear Fork — Carbon Hill, Johnson 3 Clear Spring — Lel)eck, Cedar Clear View, Sullivan Clearwater, Wayne i Cliff" Cave, St. Louis i A Page. Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 284 Clifton — Warm Fork, Oregon 408 181 Clifton, Schuyler 588 196 Clifton Hill, Randolph 4 469 584 Cliffy Dale, Maries 348 513 CLINTON,* Henry 5 231 461 Clinton — Somerset — Monroe 380 69 Clinton City — Auxvasse, Callaway 6 96 466 Clinton's Mills, Crawford 177 Clintonville, Cedar 127 276 Clover Bottom, Franklin 204 167 Cloverdale, Benton 61 290 Coatsville, Schuyler 4b 588 478 Coffeysburg — 5'a/^OT, Daviess 189 127 Coldwater, Wayne 639 314 Cole Camp, Benton 61 492 Colemanville, Carter 11& 290 Coleville, Bates 57 Colfax, Sullivan 615 305 College Mound, Macon 336 146 College View, St. Louis- 4 513 276 Collins, St. Clair 492 412 Colman, St. Louis 51^ 314 Coloma, Carroll 114 257 Colony, Knox 294 218 COLUMBIA, *Boone 4a 69 301 Columbus, Jcjhnson 290 373 COMMERCE, *Scott A 597 513 Competition — Newburg — Laclede... 297 603 Conception, Nodaway 405 588 Concord, Callaway 96 177 Concordia, Lafayette 3b 301 305 Conner's Mills, Cooper 174 57 Consville, Hemy 232 506 Converse, Clinton 14 163 290 Conway, Laclede 2 297 326 Coon Cr. — Midway — Dublin, Barton 54 405 Cooper PI ill, Osage 412 Cornelia, Johnson 290 447 Cornersville, Hickoiy 234 188 Corning, Holt 13 B 237 380 Cornwall, Madison .la 342 405 Corsicana — Gadfly — Barry 52 603 Corso, Lincoln 314 469 Cote Sans Dessein — Barkersville — 146 Callaway B 96 376 Cottleville, St. Charles 487 174 Cotton Hill, Dunklin 200 442 Cotton Plant, Dunklin 200 200 Cottonwood, Mercer 12 362 425 Cottonwood Point, Pemiscot A 419 146 Cove City, Bates 57 69 Crab Orchard — Elk Horn — Ray 473 159 Craig, Holt 13 238 624 Cream Ridge, Livingston 327 159 Crescent Hill, Gates 57 362 Creve Coeur, St. Louis 513 174 Crigler's Mills, Ralls, 466 290 Crittenden, Daviess 189 127 Crocker, Pulaski 2 457 615 Crooked Creek — Lentner, Shelby... 7 603 639 Cress Plains — Woodhill, Dallas 185 513 Cross Roads — Rock Prairie, Dade... 181 JIS'For explanations see page 15. INDEX TO POST OFFICES. 19 Poit Office. County. R. R. Page. Cross Roads, Iron 262 Cross Timbers, Hickory 234 Ci-ystal City, Jefferson A 284 Cuba, Crawford 2 & 2b 177 Cuivre, Lincoln 314 Cunningham, Chariton 4c 134 Curran, Stone 611 Current River, Shannon 600 Curryville, Pike 6 443 Cynthiana — Bigbee, Callaway 96 Dadeville — Melville, Dade 182 Dalhoff, St. Charles 487 Dallas, Webster.. 643 Dalton, Chariton 4 134 DANVILLE, Montgomery 386 Dardenne — St. Peters, St. Charles. .4 487 Darksville, Randolph 469 Dauphine-i9y««o/'jil/?7/5,Osage,3 B 412 Davenport, Dade 182 Dawn, Livingston 327 Dayton, Cass 121 Dayton — Racine, Newton 2 401 De Bruin, Pulaski 457 Decaturville, Camden loo Deerfield, Vernon 5 624 Deer Ridge, Levi'is,. 309 DeKalb — Bloo>nington,'2>MQ}s\z.n2in 12 76 DeLassus, St. Franpois la 500 Delaware Town, Christian 139 Dell Delight, Benton 61 Delta, Cape Girardeau la 107 Dent's Station, St. rran9ois i 500 Denver — Fairview, Worth 647 Des Arc, Iron I 262 Des Moines City — Gregory's Landing, Clark 8 A 146 Des Peres, St. Louis 513 De Soto, Jefferson i 284 De Witt,* Carroll 4 B 114 Dexter City, Stoddard ib 608 Diamond City, Jasper 276 Dick, Lafayette 301 Dick's Creek, Dallas 185 Diehlstadt, Scott la 597 Dillon, Phelps 2 435 Dittmer's Store, Jefferson 284 Dixon, Pulaski 2 457 riolles Mills, Bollinger 64 DONIPHAN, Ripley 480 Dorchester, Greene 2 218 Douglas, Genti7 212 Dover, Lafayette 301 Downing-Cherry Grove, Schuyler, 10 588 Doylesport, Barton 54 Doyleston, St. Clair 492 Drake, Gasconade 210 Dresden, Pettis 3 429 Dripping Springs, Boone 71 Dry Branch, Franklin 2 204 Dry Creek, Crawford 177 Dryden, Lincoln 314 Drywood, Vernon 624 Dublin — Coon Creek, Barton 54 Post Office. County. R. R. Page. Dudley, Stoddard ib 608 Duncan, Webster 643 Duncan Creek, Vernon 624 Dundas, Pulaski 457 Dundee — New Port, Franklin.. .3 B 204 Dunkle's Store — Lawrenceburg, Lawrence 306 Dunksburg — Sigel, Pettis 429 Durgen's Creek, Lewis 8 309 Durham, Lewis 9 309 Duroc, Benton 61 Dutchtown — Hendricksville, Ca-^e G. 107 Dutzow, Warren 627 Dykes, Texas 620 Eagle, Harrison 227 JEast Leavenworth — City Point, Platte 13 B 447 East Lynne, Cass 5a 121 Easton, Buchanan 7 76 Eaton, Cedar 127 Ebenezer, Greene 218 Economy — Vienna, Macon 336 Edgar Springs, Phelps 435 Edge Hill, Reynolds 478 Edgerton, Platte .....12 447 EDINA,* Knox 9 294 Edinburgh, Grundy 222 Egypt Mills, Cape Girardeau 108 Eldorado — Liiray, Clark 10 146 Elizabethtown — Indian Cr., Monroe. 380 Elk City— Elk Mills, McDonald 330 Elk Creek, Texas 620 Elkhart, Bates 57 Elk Head, Christian 139 £lk Horn — -Crab Orchard, Ray 473 Elkland, Webster 643 Elk WxWi—Elk City, McDonald 330 Elkton, Hickory 234 Elleardsville, St. Louis 513 Ellenorah, Gentry 212 Elliottsville, Monroe 380 Ellisville, St. Louis 513 Ellsworth, Texas 620 Elm Grove — Forbes, YioXl 13 238 Elm Point, St. Charles 4 488 Elm Tree — Keysville, Crawford 177 Elm Wood, Saline 584 El Paso, Barry 52 Elston Station, Cole 3 167 Ely, Marion 7 353 Embr/s — Hickory Cr., Grundy... 12 223 Emerson — Excello, Macon 4b 336 Emerson, Marion A, 5 & 15 353 EMINENCE, Shannon 600 Empire Prairie, Andrew 41 Engleman's Mills, Dade 182 Enterprise — Northcott, Linn 320 Enterprise — Bannock, McDonald.... 330 Erie, McDonald 330 Essex, Stoddard ib 608 Estill, Howard 5 252 Etlah, Franklin 3 B 204 Etna, Scotland 593 20 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. Post Office. County. R. R. Page. Ettieville, Gentiy 212 Eudora, Nodaway 401; Euj^ene City — IVakanda, Carroll. ..4 1 14 Eureka, Boone B 71 Eureka, Perry 425 Eureka, St. Louis 3 513 Evansville — Mill Grove, Monroe... 5 380 Eveline — I/all, Buchanan 13 77 Everett, Cass 122 Excello — Emerson, Macon 4I) 336 Excelsior, Morgan 392 Eairhanks — Baker's Grove, Barton.. 54 Eair Dealing, Ripley 480 Fairfield, Benton 61 Fair Grove, Greene 218 Fairmount, Clark 146 Fair Play , Miller 369 Fair Play, Pulk 453 Fairport, DeKalb 192 Fairview, St. Louis 3 513 Fairvie-M — Denver, Worth 647 Fairville, Saline 584 Falling Springs, Douglas 198 Falmouth, Lincoln A 314 Farber, Audrain 6 49 Farley, Platte 447 Farmersville, Livingston 327 FARMINGTON,* St. Fran9ois 500 FAVETTE,* Howard 5 252 Fayetteville — Hazel Hill, Johnson... 290 Fee Fee — Pattoti's Sfore, St. Louis... 513 Femme Osage, St. Charles 488 Fenton, St. Louis 513 Ferguson, St. Louis 4 513 Fidelity, Jasper 276 Fillmore, Andrew 41 Fire Prairie, Jackson 268 Flag Springs, Andrew 41 Flat Creek, Barry 52 Flat River, St. Fran5oi&i 500 Flat Wood, Phelps 435 Flint Hill, St. Charles 488 Florence, Morgan 392 Florida, Monroe , 381 Florissant, St. Louis 514 Floyd's Creek, Adair 36 Foote Station — Rayville, Ray .14 473 Forbes — Elm Grove, Holt 13 238 Forest City,* Holt 13 238 Forest Green, Chariton 4d 134 Foristell— i^Z/y^z//^, Snow Hill, St. Charles 4 488 Forkner's Hill, Dallas 186 Fort Henry, Randolph 469 Fort Lynn, Benton 62 FORSYTHE, Taney 618 Fountain Grove, Linn 7 320 Fourche a Renault, Washington 634 Four Mile, Dunklin ,. 200 Fox — Russellville, Ray 473 Fox Creek, St. Louis 514 Frankford, Pike 15 443 Post Office. County. R. R. Page. Franklin — Pacific, Franklin. ..2 & 3 204 Franklin — North Side, Howard. .5 B 253 Franks, Pulaski 2 457 Frankville — New Franklin, Howeli. 257 Frazer — Jordan, Rockhouse, Prairie, Buchanan 14 77 Fredericksburgh, Osage 412 Fredericksburgh — New Garden, Ray 473 FREDERICKTOWN,* Madison la 342 Fredie, Butler 85 Freedom, Lafayette 301 I'rccland, Carter 118 I'reeman — Alorristown, Cass 5a 122 French Village, St. Fran9ois 500 Friendship Community, Dallas 185 Frohna, Perry 425 Frumet, Jefferson 284 FULTON, Callaway 6 96 Gadjly — Corsicana, Bariy 52 Gad's Hill, Wayne i 639 Gaines' Farm, Henrv 232 GAINESVILLE, Ozark 416 Galbraith's Store, Henry 232 GALENA, Stone 611 Galesburg, Jasper 276 GALLATIN,* Daviess 12 189 Gallagher — Montserratt, Johnson... 3 290 Gallaway Station, Osage 412 Gamble, St. Louis 4 514 Garden Grove, Ralls 466 Garrettsburgh, Buchanan 77 Garrett's Mill, Benton 62 Gasconade City, Gasconade B 3 210 Gasconade Ferry, Gasconade 2IO Gates, McDonald 331 Gatewood, Ripley 480 GAYOSO, Pemiscot A 419 Georgia City, Jasper '. 276 Georgetown, Pettis 3b 429 Georgeville, Ray 473 Germantown,* Henry 232 Gentryville, Gentry 212 Ghermanville, Iron 262 Gibsonville, Newton 401 Gilead, Lewis 309 Gillis Bluff, Butler 85 Gilmore, St. Charles 4 488 Givensville, McDonald 331 Glaize City, Camden 100 Glasgow,* Howard 4d B 253 Glen Allen, Bollinger la 64 Glencoe, St. Louis 3 514 Glendale, St. Louis 3 514 Glenwood, Jefferson I 284 Glenwood, Schuyler 4b 588 Goff's Creek, Stone 611 Goffsville, Buchanan 77 Golden City, Barton 54 Gooch's Mills, Cooper 174 Goodland, Knox 294 Good Water, Iron 262 MS'X'or explanations see page 15. INDEX TO POST OFFICES. Post Office. County. R. R- P^Se- Goose Neck, Hickory 234 Gordonsville, Cape Girardeau 108 Gordonville, Livingston 327 Goshen, Mercer 3^2 Gosneyville— Pairrti/w.?, Clay I59 Gower, Clinton 14 ^63 Grangerville, Wayne 639 Graham, Nodaway 4^5 Granby,* Newton 4°! Granby City, Newton 2 401 Grant, Holt 238 GRANT CITY,* Worth 647 Grant's, St. Louis 3 SH Grant's Hill, Ste. Genevieve 506 Grantville, Linn 320 Granville, Monroe 3^1 Gravel Point, Texas 620 Gravelton, Wayne 639 Gravois Mills, Morgan 392 Graysonville, Clinton .....12 163 Gray's Point, Lawrence 3°^ Gray's Ridge, Stoddard 608 Gray's Summit, Franklin 3 204 Greasy — Middle Fabius, Scotland... 593 Green Castle, Sullivan 615 GREENFIELD,* Dade 182 Greenfield— ^\xA\\\\q, Miss lb A 373 • Greenleaf, DeKalb 192 Green Ridge, Pettis 5 429 Greensburgh, Knox 294 Green's Ferry, Cape Girardeau.... A 108 Greenton, Lafayette 3°! Greentop, Schuyler 4b 589 Greenville — Claytonville, Clay 159 GREENVILLE, Wayne 639 Greenwood, Jackson 3 268 Gregory's Landing — Des Moines City, Clark 8 A 146 Griffin, Schuyler 4^^ & 1° 5^9 Grinnell, Grundy 223 Grove Springs, Wright 650 Grubbtown, Grundy 223 Grubville, Franklin 204 Guilford, Nodaway 4^5 Gunn City, Cass S^ 122 Gunter's Big Spring, Camden loi Hager's Grove, Shelby 603 Hainesville, Clinton 7a 163 Half Rock, Mercer 3^3 Halfway, Polk 453 /rco\.i 598 Hamilton, Caldwell 7 9° Hamptonville — Sampson Creek, Harrison 227 Hancock— Iron Summit, Pulaski... 2 457 Hannibal,* Marion A 7 353 Hanover — Bailey, Jefferson ....I 284 Post Office. County. R. R. Page. Happy Valley, Harrison 227 Hardin, Lewis 8 309 Hardin, Ray ' 4 473 Harlem, Clay 13. 4 & 7aB 159 Harmony— Webster, Washington... . 634 Harrisburgh, Boone... 7' Harrison's Mills, Crawford I77 HARRISONVILLE,* Cass.. 5a 122 Plarriston, Cooper 5 ^74 Hartford, Putnam 4^1 HARTVILLE, Wright 650 Hassard, Ralls 5 400 Havana, Gentry 212 Havens, Lawrence 3°" Haw Creek, Benton 62 Hawk Point, Lincoln 3H Hazel Green, Laclede 297 Hazel Hill, Fayetteville, Johnson.... 290 Hazel Run, St. Francois 5°° Hazelwood, Webster • 643 Hazle Barrons, Barry 52 Heaton, Lawrence 3°^ Heiinsath's .S/^jr^ — Lake Creek, Benton 62 Hematite, Jefferson I 284 Henderson, Webster 643 HenJrirkson — Reeves Station, Butler lb 85 Hendricksville — Dutchtown, Cape Girardeau ^0° Henrietta — Henry, Ray 4 & 14 474 Uexixy— Henrietta, Ray 4 & 14 474 Henson, Mississippi la 373 Herdsville, Barry 52 HERMANN,* Gasconade 3b 210 HERMITAGE, Hickory 234 Herndon, Saline 5^4 Hester, Marion 35^ Heth, Douglas 198 Hibernia-HoVCs Summit, Callaway 6 97 /r^/<:/6wa«— Hallsville, Boone 4a 71 Hickman's Mills, Jackson 268 Hickory Barren, Greene 218 Hickory Cr.— Barneyville, Audrain. 49 Hickory O'.— Embry's, Grundy.. .12 223 Hickory Hill, Cole 168 Hickory Ridge, Cape Girardeau 108 Hickory S-^nwg—Mountaitt Grove, Wright 650 Hickory Springs, Texas 620 Hick's City, Jackson 268 Higbee, Randolph 5 4^9 Higginsville, Lafayette 3b 301 High Camp, Srone 61 1 High Grove, Maries 348 High Hill,* Montgomery 4 386 li\gh\z.nA—McGitks, Moniteau... .3 377 Highlandville, Christian I39 High Point, Moniteau 376 High Point, Sullivan 615 High Prairie, Webster 643 High Ridge, Jefferson 284 HILLSBOROUGH, Jefferson 284 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Post Office. County. R. R. Hill's LandiiiiT, Carroll B Hitt, Scotland' Hiwassie, Orcj^un Hogan MouiUain, Iron I Holbrook, Putnam n Holden,^ Johnson 3 & 5a Holman's Store, Warren Hollyday, Monroe 5 Holstein, Warren Holt, Clay 7a Holt's Summit-//;^cr«/rt,Callaway 6 Homer, Atchison Honej, Mercer Honey Creek — South West City, McDonald Honey Grove, Worth Hopewell, Warren Hopewell Furnace, Washington....! Hopkins, Nodaway 13a Horine Station, Jefferso» i Hornersville, Dunklin Horse Creek — Nrwpo t, Barton Horse Creek — Alice, Cedar House's Spring, Jefferson Houghs, Mississippi ib HOUSTON, Texas Houstonia, Pettis 3b Howard's Mill, St. Clair Howes, Dent Howe's Mill, Dent Howland — Mendota, Putnam 1 1 Hudson, Bates Hudson City, Worth Hugginsville, Gentry Hughes, Nodaway Hughesville, Pettis 3b Hull's Point, Ray Humansville, Polk Hunnewell, Shelby 7 Huntingdale, Henry HUNTSVILLE * Randolph 4 Hurdland, Knox 9 Hutton Valley, Howell , latan, Platte 13b Iberia — Oakhurst, Miller '. Iconium, St. Clair Illinois — Isle au Bois, Jefferson i INDEPENDENCE,* Jackson 3 Indian Q.x'V— Elizabethtown, Monroe Ionia City, Pettis Irish Grove — Milton, Atchison Irondale,* Washington i Iron Mountain, St. Fran9ois i Iron Ridge, Crawford 2 Iron Summit — Hancock, Pulaski.. .2 Iron Switch, Newton 2 IRONTON,* Iron i Isabella, Ozark Isadora, Worth Island City, Gentry Isle au Bois — Illinois, Jefferson i Ivory, St. Louis i A Page. Post Office. Cou7ity. R. R. Page. 114 JACKSON, Cape Girardeau 108 593 yackson, Sullivan 615 408 Jackson Station, iJaviess 4c 189 262 Jackson's Corners — yacksonville, 461 Sullivan n 615 291 Jacksonville, Randolph 4b 469 627 yacksonville — Jackson's Corners, 381 .Sullivan n 615 627 Jake's Prairie, Crawford 177 159 Japan, Franklin 204 97 James Bayou — St. yatnes, Miss... .A 373 45 Jameson, Daviess 4c 189 363 Jamesport, Daviess 12 189 Jamestown, Moniteau 377 331 Jasper, Jasper 2a 277 647 Jeanette — IVallace, Buchanan 12 77 628 ye^erson, Jefferson i 285 634 Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis lA 514 405 JEFFERSON CITY,* Cole 3B 168 284 Jeffriesburg, Franklin 204 200 Jenkins Creek, Jasper 277 54 Jennings Station, St. Louis 4 514 127 Jericho, Laclede 297 285 Jerome, Phelps 2 435 373 Jobe, Oregon 408 620 John's Branch, Audrain 49 430 Johnson City — Monegaw, St. Clair... 493 493 yohnson's Mills, Vi'^AQ 182 196 yohnson's Mills, 'L.^v/x&ncQ 306 196 Johnstown, Bates 57 461 yollification — Capps Creek, Newton 401 57 Jonesboro, Saline 584 647 Jonesburgh, Montgomery 4 386 212 Jones' Tan Yard, Callaway 97 406 Jonesville, Cass 122 430 Joplin City, Jasper 277 474 yordan — Frazer, Buchanan 77 453 Jordan, Scotland 593 603 yudysGap — Quincy, Hickory 234 232 KAHOKA, Clark 10 146 469 Kansas City,* Jackson B, 3,4, 7 & 13 269 294 Kaolin, Iron 262 257 Kaseyville, Macon 336 447 Kearney, Clay 7a 159 369 Keetsville — Washburn , Barry 52 493 , Keightley''s,^^\.'i\?, 5 430 285 KENNETT, Dunklin 200 268 Kent, Crawford 2 177 381 Kent, Newton 401 430 Kenton — Zm«V«, Christian 139 45 Kerbyville, Taney 618 634 KEYTESVILLE,* Chariton »4 134 500 Keytesville Landing, Chariton B 135 177 Kidder, Caldwell 7 91 457 Kiddridge, Osage 412 401 Kiddville, Sullivan 615 262 Kmimswick, Jefferson i A 285 416 King City, Gentry 212 647 King's Point, Dade 182 212 KINGSTON,* Caldwell 91 285 Kingstort Furnace, Washington....;.. 634 514 Kingsville — Rainey, Johnson 3 291 JiS'For explanations seepage 15. INDEX TO POST OFFICES. 23 Post Office. County, R.R- Page. KIRKSVILLE * Adair 4b & 9 3^ Kirkwood, St. Louis 3 SH Knights, Jasper. 2a 277 Knob Lick, St. Fran9ois la 500 Knobnoster, Johnson 3 291 Knob View, Crawford 2 177 Knox QXty— Myrtle, Knox 9 294 Knoxville, Ray ... 474 Koehztown, Osage 4^2 Konoko, Holt 238 Krakow, Franklin 204 Kreizel's Mill, Benton 62 Kysville—YXm. Tree, C.awford 177 Labadie, Franklin 3 204 La Belle, Lewis 9 309 Laclede,* Linn 7& U 320 Laclede Station, St. Louis 3 $15 Lacon, Maries 34^ Ladonia, Audrain 6 49 La Due, Henry 5 232 Laflin, Bollinger la 64 La Grange,* Lewis 8 A 310 Lake, St. Louis 5*5 Lake Creek — Heimsath's Store, Benton 62 Lake House, St. Louis 5*5 Lakenan, Shelby ^^ 603 Lake Spring, Dent 196 Lake Station, Buchanan 13 77 Lakeville, Stoddard 608 LAMAR,* Barton 54 Lamir's Station, Nodaway 406 La Mine, Cooper I74 Lamonte, Pettis 3 43° LANCASTER,* Schuyler 10 589 Lane's Prairie — Bloomington, Maries 348 La Plata,* Macon 4b 336 La Porte — Ten Mile, Macon 336 Lathrop, Clinton 7a & 14 163 Lawrenceburg — Dunkle's Store, Lawrence 3°^ Lawson, Washington I 634 Lawson Station, Ray 14 474 Laynesville, Saline B 584 Leasburg, Crawford 2 177 LEBANON,* Laclede 2 297 Lebeck — Clear Springs, Cedar 127 Lee's Summit,* Jackson 3 271 Leesville, Henry 232 Lentner — Crooked Creek, Shelby. ... 7 603 Le Roy, Audrain 49 Le Roy, Barton 54 Lesterville, Reynolds 478 Levick's Mills, Randolph 469 Lewis Station, Heniy 5 232 Lewiston, Lewis 9 310 LEXINGTON,* Lafayette 3b B 301 LIBERTY,* Clay 7a 159 Liberty Landing, Clay 4 B 160 Libertville, St. Fran9ois 501 Licking, Texas 620 Lick Valley, Ozark 4*6 Lincoln, Benton 62 Post Office. County. R. R. Page. Lincolnville, Pettis 43° Linden — Kenton, Christian 139 Lindersville, Adair 38 Lindley, Grundy 223 Lineville, Mercer 12 363 Linn — New Salem, Lincoln 314 LINN, Osage 412 LINN CREEK,* Camden loi LINNEUS,* Linn II 320 Linn's Mills, Lincoln 314 Linwood, Osage 4*2 Lint Dale, Pemiscot.. A 419 Lisbon, Howard B 253 Lisbon — Napoleon, Lafayette B 302 Lisbonville, Ray 474 Little Beaver, Douglas 198 Little Berger, Gasconade 210 Little Black, Ripley 480 Little Blue, Jackson 3 271 Littleby, Audrain 49 Little Compton, Carroll 114 Little Gravois, Miller 369 Little Maramec, Franklin 204 Little Osage — Balltotvn, Vernon 624 Little Finey— Ozark, Phelps 2 436 Little Fory^-Brookline Sta. Greene.2 218 Livonia, Putnam 461 Lock Springs, Daviess 4c 189 Locust Hill, Knox 294 Locust Mound, Miller 369 Lodi, Newton 40* Logan, Lawrence 2 306 Logan's Cr'k — Barnsville, Reynolds 478 London, Atchison 45 Lone Cedar, Crawford.. 177 Lone Elm, Cooper I74 Lone Jack, Jackson 271 Lone Oak, Bales 57 Long Branch, Monroe 381 Long Lane, Dallas 186 Long's Mills, Stone 6ll Longtown — Abernathy, Perry 425 Longwood, Pettis 43° ZcowjV^z'.— Tribulation, McDonald. 331 Loose Creek, Osage 4*2 Lost Branch — Neneveh, Lincoln 314 Lost Camp, Howell 257 Loughboro, St. Fran9ois la 501 Louisburgh — Round Prairie, Dallas 186 Louisiana,* Pike 6 A 443 Louisville, Lincoln 3*4 Loutre Island, Montgomery B 386 Love Lake City, Macon 4b 336 Lowell, St. Louis 5*5 Lowndes, Wayne 639 Lowry City, St. Clair 493 Low Wassie, Oregon 408 Lucas, Heniy 232 /,«ra;/— Eldorado, Clark 10 146 Luteston, Nodaway 4°^ Lutesville, Bollinger '.... la 64 Luther, Franklin 204 Lyon, Clinton - 14 163 24 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Post Office. County. R. R. Page. Lyons — Bower's Mills, Lawrence.... 306 Mabry's Ferry, Stone 6n McCartney's Cross Road, De Kalb.. 192 McClurjT — Benton, Johnson 5a 29I McCredie, Callaway 6 97 McCullough, Sullivan II 615 McDowell, Barry 52 McGirks — Highland, Moniteau 3 377 Mack's Creek, Camden • lOl MACON CITY,* Macon 4b & 7 336 Madison, Monroe 5 381 Madisonville, Ralls 466 Magnolia, Moniteau 377 Malta Bend, Saline 584 Manchester, St. Louis 515 Mandeville, Carroll. II4 Alanlins — Pleasant Park, Carroll II4 Manton — Barnett, Maries 348 Maramec L'on Works, Phelps 436 Maramec Station, St. Louis 3 515 MARBLE HILL, Bollinger 64 Marion, Cole B 168 Marionville,* Lawrence 306 Marlin — Beaman, Pettis 5 430 Marquand, Madison la 342 MARSHALL,* Saline 584 MARSHFIELD,* Webster 2 643 Marthasville, Warren 628 Martinsburgh, Audrain 4 49 Martinstown, Putnam 461 Martinsville, Harrison 227 Marvel, Bates 57 Marvin, Henry 232 MARVVILLE,* Nodaway 13a 406 Matney, Buchanan. 14 77 Maune's Store, Franklin 204 Maxville, Jefferson 285 MAYSVILLE,* De Kalb 192 Mayview, Lafayette 302 Maywood, Lewis 9 310 Meadville, Linn .*. 7 320 Mechanicsville, St. Charles 488 Medecine — Bo7vmansville. Sullivan. 615 Medoc, Jasper 277 Medora — St. Auberfs Sta. OsageB 3 412 Melissa, Ozark 416 Melrose, St. Louis 51^ Mellville — Dadeville, Dade 182 Mellville, Wright 650 MEMPHIS,* Scotland io 593 Mendon — Salt Creek, Chariton 135 Mendota — Howland, Putnam 11 461 Mercyville, Macon 337 Metz, Vernon 624 MEXICO,* Audrain 4 & 6 49 Miami, Saline B 585 Miami Station, Carroll 4- 114 Micklin, Jackson 271 Middlebrook, Iron i 262 Middle Brook, St. Fran9ois i 501 Middlebury, Mercer 363 Middle Fabius — Greasy, Scotland... 593 SSS'For explatiat Post Office. County. R. R. Page- Middle Grove, Monroe 381 Middletown, Montgomery 386 A/id'cuay — Coon Creek, Barton 54 Midway, Boone 71 Midway, Jasper 277 MILAN,* Sullivan n 615 Miles Point, Carroll B 1 15, Milford, Barton 54 Mllford, Carroll 115 Millard, Adair 4b 38 Mill Creek — Brumley, Miller 369 Millersburgh, Callaway 97 Aliller^s Landing — New Haven, Franklin,. .: 3 B 204 Millersville, Cape Girardeau 108 Mill Grove, Mercer 12 363 Aim Grove — Evansville, Monroe... 5 381 Millport, Knox 294 Mill Sprim:; — Otter Creek, Wayne, i 639 Millville, Ray 474 Millville — Foristell, St. Charles 4 488 Millwood, Lincoln 314^ Milton — Irish Grove, Atchison 45 Milton, Randolph 470. Minaville-A^. M. 7««r.,Clay.4 & 7a B 160 Mincey, Taney 618 Mine La Motte, Madison 342 Mineral Point, Washington i 634 Minersville, Christian 139 Minersvillc — Centre Cr'k, Jasper. .2a 277 Mingsville, Wright 650 Mint Hill, Osage 412 Mirabile, Caldwell 91 Missouri City, Clay 4B i60' Missouriton, St. Charles B 488. Mitchellville, Harrison 227 Miteomah, Webster 643 Moberly,* Randolph 4, 4b & 5 47a Mobcrly's Landittg, Carroll B 115 Modena, Mercer 363 Mokeville, St. Louis 515 Alonegaw — Johnson City, St. Clair... 493 Moniteau Station — Clarksburgh, Moniteau 3 376 Monroe — Old Monroe, Lincoln 314 Monroe City,* Monroe 7 381 Montauk, Dent 196 Montevallo. Vernon 624 MONTICELLO, Lewis 310 Montgomery City,* Montgomery.... 4 386 Montrose, Henry 5 232 Montserratt — Gallagher, Johnson. ..3 291 Mooresville, Livingston 7 327 Morley, Scott la 598 Mornington, Webster 643 Morrison, Gasconade 3 210 Morris Ridge, Harrison 227 Morristoivn — Freeman, Cass 5a 122 Morrisville, Polk 453 Morse's Mill, Jefferson 285 Morton, Ray 474 Moselle, Franklin ...2 204 ions see page 15. INDEX TO POST OFFICES. 25 Post Ojffice. County. R. R. Page. Mound City, Holt 238 Mound 6V.-Bliie Mound, Livingston 327 Mounds — Moundville, Vernon 624 Mountain Cove, Barry 52 Alountain Grove — Hickory Spring, Wright 650 Mount Airy, Randolph 470 Mount Enterprise- IVkite Hare, Cedar 127 Mt. Hope, Lafayette 302 Mount Moriah, Harrison 227 Mt. Pleasant, Gentry 212 Alt. Pleasant — Tinney's Grove, Ray. . 474 Mt. PIeasant-A\xgVi?.iz.,^i. Charles.B 488 MT. VERNON, Lawrence 306 Moijnt View, Benton 62 Mount Zion, Dade,.". 182 Muddy Lane, Livingston 327 Mulberry, Bates 57 Mule Creek — Alice, Cedar 127 Murphysbiirgh — West Joplin, Jasper. 277 Muirton, Grundy, 223 Muscle Fork, Chariton 135 Myers, Bunker Hill, Howard 253 Myrtle — Knox City, Knox 9 294 Naomi, Marion 356 Napoleon — Lisbon, Lafayette B 302 Narrows Creek, Macon 337 Nashville, Barton 54 Nebo, Laclede 297 Neely's Landing, Cape Girardeau.. A 108 Neelyville, Butler I 85 Nelsonville, Marion 356 Nelsonville, Shelby 603 Neola — Tindall, Grundy 12 223 NEOSHO,* Newton 2 401 Nettleton, Caldwell 7 91 Nevada — Alpha, Grundy 223 NEVADA,* Vernon 5 624 Newark, Knox 294 New Bloomfield, Callaway 6 97 New Boston, Linn 320 Newburg — Competition, Laclede 297 Newburgh, Macon 337 New Cambria* — Stockton, Macon..7 337 New Castle, Gentry 212 New Farmington, Daviess 12 189 New Florence, Montgomery 4 387 New Frankford, Saline B 585 New Franklin, Howard 253 Neto Franklin — Frankville, Howell. 257 New Garden — Fredericksburgh, Ray 474 New Harmony, Pike 443 New Hartford, Pike 443 New Haven — Aliller's Landing, Franklin 3 B 204 New Home, Bates 57 New Hope, Lincoln 314 NEW LONDON, Ralls 15 466 NEW MADRID,* New Madrid.. A 398 New Market,y[.'3jnoxi 356 New Market, Platte 12 447 New Melle, St. Charles 488 New Offenburgh, Ste. Genevieve.,... 506 Post Office. County. R. R. Page. New Palestine, Cotjper 3a 174 Nexupurt — Horse Creek, Barton 54 Nexa Fort — Dundee, Franklin... 3 B 204 New Salem — Linn, Lincoln 314 New Santa F6, Jackson 271 Newtonia,* Newton 402 Newtown, Putnam 461 New Wells, Cape Girardeau 108 Niangua, Webster 2 643 Nineveh, Adair .' 38 Nineveh — Lost Branch, Lincoln 314 Nishnabotna, Atchison 13 45 Nodaway, Andrew 13 41 Norfolk, Mississippi 374 Norborn, Carroll 4 115 Norma, Webster 643 Normandy, St. Louis 515 Norris Fork, Henry 232 Northcott — Ente7-prise, Linn 320 North Lexington, Ray 14 B 474 North Alissouri yunction — Minaville Clay 4 & 7a B 160 North River, Marion 356 North River Station, Marion 7 356 North Salem, Linn 321 North Side — Franklin, Howard. B 5 253 North Springfield, Green 2 218 North Star — Scott City, Atchison ...B 45 North View — Bunker, Webster 2 643 Novelty, Knox 294 Nursery Hill, Dent 196 Oak O'i^— Spickardville, Grundy. 12 223 Oakfield, Franklin 204 Oak Grove, Jackson 271 Oak Hill, Gasconade ; 210 Oakhurst — Iberia, Miller 369 Oakland, Laclede • 297 Oakland, St. Louis 3 515 Oak Ridge, Cape Girardeau 109 O'Fallon, St. Charles 4 488 Old Alexandria, Lincoln 314 Old Ditch, Jefferson 285 Old Mines, Washington 634 Old Monroe — Alonroe, Lincoln 314 Olive City, Camden loi Omaha, Putnam 461 OREGON,* Holt 238 Orleans, Polk 453 Oronogo — Centre Creek, Jasper ...2a 277 Orrick, Ray 4 474 Orville, St. Louis 515 Osage, Crawford 177 Osage Bluff, Cole 168 Osage City, Cole 3 168 Osage Iron Works, Camden lOl Osborn, De Kalb 7 192 OSCEOLA,* St. Clair 493 Otter Creek — Mill Spring, Wayne . i 639 Otterville, Cooper 3 174 Overton, Cooper B 174 Owasco, Sullivan 615 Owensville, Gasconade 210 Owl Creek, Knox 294 26 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL Post Office. County. R. R. Page. Oxford, Worth 648 OZARK, Christian 139 Ozark I. W —Little Piney, Phelps... 2 436 Ozark Mills, Iron 262 Pacific — Franklin, Franklin.., 2 & 3 204 Page City, Lafayette 3b 302 PALMYRA,* Marion 7 356 Papinville, Bates 57 Paradise — Gosneyville, Clay 160 PARLS, Monroe 5 381 Paris Springs — Chalybeate Springs, Lawrence 306 Parker, Andrew 41 Park's Grove, .St. Clair 493 Parkville,* Plarte 13 B 447 Patterson, Wayne 639 Patton, Bollinger 64 Pattonsburg, Davies 4c 189 Patton'' s Store — Fe Fee, St. Louis... 515 Patitville — Brashears, Adair 9 38 Pay Down, Maries 348 Payne's Prairie, Polk. 453 Paynesville, Pike 444 Paynterville — Bear Creek, Cedar.... 127 Peaksville, Clark 146 Peculiar, Cass 122 Peirce City,* Lawrence 2 & 2a 306 Pendleton, Warren 4 628 Pennville, Sullivan 615 Perrin, Clinton 12 163 Periy, Ralls, 466 PERRYVILLE,* Perry 425 Persinger, '^oowQ 4a 71 Periique, St. Charles 4 488 Petra, Saline 585 Pevely, Jefferson i 285 /V)//o«<7, Montgomery, 387 Phelps, Lawrence 306 Phelps City,* Atchison 13 45 Philadelphia, Marion 357 Philander, Gentry 212 Phillipsburgh, Laclede 2 297 Pickering, Nodaway 13a 406 Piedmont, Wayne i 640 Y\Vg.Kqv^— Spring Hill, Stoddard'. 608 Piland's Store, Ozark 416 Pilot Grove, Cooper 5 174 Pilot Knob,* Iron i 262 Pine Creek, Laclede 297 Pine Hill, Shannon 600 PINEVILLE, McDonald....!!'.'/,'.'.'.'. 331 Pink Hill, Jackson 271 Pinkleyville, Oregon 408 Pinkney, Warren 628 Pin Oak, Warren 628 Pisgah, Cooper 174 Pitts, Warren 528 Pittsburg, Hickory 234 Pittsville, Johnson 291 Plato, Texas 520 PLATTE CITY, Platte !..'!i'2 447 Platte River, Buchanan 77 S^For explanat Post Office. County. R. R. Page. Plattin, Jefferson. 285 PLATTSBLRG,* Clinton... 14 & 12 163 Pleasant I<"arm, Miller 369 Pleasant Gap, Bates 57 Pleasant Green, Cooper c 174 Pleasant Hill,* Cass 3 & 3c 122 Pleasant //ill— Areola, Dade 182 Pleasant Home, Putnam 461 Pleasant Hope, Polk 453 Pleasant Mount, Miller 369 Pleasant Park— J/a«///«, Carroll 115 Pleasant Prairie, Lafayette 302 Pleasant Retreat, Scotland 593 Plea.sant Ridge, Harrison 227 Pleasant Run, Vernon 624 Pleasant Valley, Wright 650 Plum Valley, Texas 620 Plymouth, Barry 2 52 Pocahontas, Cape Girardeau 109 Point Pleasant, New Madrid A 398 Pollock, Sullivan n 615 Polo, Caldwell 91 Pond, St. Louis 515 POPLAR BLUFF, Butler.. ..i & ib 85 Poplar Hill, McDonald 331 Porche's Pr. — Tnplett, Chariton. ..4c 135 Portage des Sioux, St. Charles A 488 Portageville, New Madrid 398 Port Hudson, P'ranklin 205 Portland, Callaway B 97 POTOSI,* Washington . 634 Potterville, Howell 257 Powell, McDonald 331 Prairie, Putnam 11 401 Prairie Bird, Adair 38 Prairie City, Bates 57 Prairie Hill, Chariton 135 Prairie Home, Cooper 174 Prairieville, Pike 444 Pratherville, Clay 1 60 Preston, Jasper 277 Price's Branch, Montgomery 387 Price's Landing, Scott A 598 PRINCETON,* Mercer 12 363 Proctorville, Caldwell 91 Prospect Grove, .Scotland 593 Prospect //ill — Claysville, Clay 160 Providence, Boone B 71 Pryor's Store, Douglas 198 Punjaub, Ste. Genevieve 506 Quapaw, Newton 402 Quarantine, St. Louis i A 515 Quarrytown, Ste. Genevieve A 506 Queen City, Schuyler 4b 589 Quincy — Judy's Gap, Hickory 234 Quitman, Nodaway 406 Racine — Dayton, Newton 2 402 Rainey Creek, Camden loi Ramey — Kingsville, Johnson 3 291 Randolph — Renick, Randolph 4 470 Ravanna, Mercer 363 Raymondville, Texas 620 ions see page 15. y INDEX TO POST OFFICES. 27 Post Office. County. R. R- Page. Raymore, Cass 3*^ '^3 Raytown, Jackson 27 1 Rayville — Sheridan, Haller, Foote Station — Ray H 474 Reading, Pike 444 Readsville, Callaway 97 Reeds, Jasper 2a 277 Reeves St'n — Hendrickson, Butler. lb 85 Reform, Callaway 97 Relfe, Phelps 43^ i^d'wzV-^— Randolph, Randolph 4 47° Rensselaer, Ralls 5 466 Republic, Greene 2 218 Reynolds, Iron I 263 Rhineland, Montgomery 387 Rich — Sonora, Atchison B 45 Rich Hill, Bates 5^ Richland, Pulaski 2 457 RICHMOND,* Ray 14 474 R. S^ L. 7««f.— Henry, Ray4& 14 475 Richville, Douglas 198 Richville, Holt 239 Richwoods, Washington 635 Ridge, Carroll "5 Ridgeley, Platte 448 Ridge Prairie, Saline 5^5 Ringo's Point, Adair 3^ Ritchey, Newton 2 402 Ritter, Scotland 593 River Aux Vases, Ste. Genevieve.... 506 Riverside, Clark 8 146 Roanoke,* Howard 253 ■Roaring River, Barry 52 Robertson, Clay 7^ 160 Robertson's Mills, Stone 611 Robertsville— Ca/z'O' Sta. Franklin. 2 205 Robidoux, Texas 620 Robinson's MtUs—Bmr Oak Valley, Lincoln 3^4 Rocheport, Boone B 71 Rochester, Andrew 4^ Rockbridge, Ozark 416 Rock Creek, Jackson 3 271 Rock Hill, St. Louis 5i5 Rockhoiise Prairie-¥xz.ze.x, Buchanan 77 ROCKPORT,* Atchison 45 Rock Prairie — Cross Roads, Dade... 182 Rock Spring, St. Louis 516 Rock Spring, Washington 635 Rockville, Bates 5 5^ Rocky Comfort,* McDonald 331 Rocky Mount, Miller 369 ROLLA,* Phelps 2 436 Rolling Home, Randolph 47° Rondo, Polk V-^ ! Roney, Hickory '4 Roscoe, St. Clair ; 13 Rose Hill, Johnson -■'! Rose Hill, Si. 1.0m?, 3 5 •'' Rosendale, Andrew 13a 4' Rothville, Chariton 135 Round Grove, Lawrence 306 Round Grove— BQ\^r\y, Macon 7 337 Post Office. County. R. R. Pnrc. Round Prairie — Louihburgh, Dallas iS5 Round Prairie, Vernon 6,4 Rowletta, Pettis A o Rural Dale, Grundy 2^3 Rush Tower, jcfterson A 2S5 Rushville, Buchanan 7, 12 & 13 77 Russell, Howard 5 254 Russell's Hill, Shannon 6oo Russell's Mills, Iron I -C^3 Russellville, Cole 168 Russellville—Yo-n, Ray 475 Ruth, Texas 620 ^af/ft-zV/if— Caplinger's Mills. Cedar 127 Sacramento, Wright 650 St. Annie, Pulaski 457 St. Aubert's, Callaway B 97 St. Aubert's 5/a.-Medora, Osage. 3 B 412 St. Catharine,* Linn 7 321 ST. CHARLES,* St. Charles... 4 B 488 St. Clair, Franklin 2 205 St. Cloud— 5I'/^w«^rt, Scott la 598 STE. GENEVIEVE. Ste. Genev.A 507 St. Elizabeth, Miller 369 St. Francisville, Clark 147 St. James — James Bayou, Miss.... A 373 St. James, Phelps 2 438 St. John, Putnam 461 ST. JOSEPH,* Buchanan.. 7, 14,13. K 77 St. Lawrence — Hamburg, Scott 598 St. Leger, Ozark 416 ST. LOUIS,* .St. Louis... A, 1,2,3,4 516 St. Luke— Si. Paul, Webster 643 St. Martin's, Morgan 392 St. Mary's, Clark 147 St, Mary's, Ste. Genevieve 506 St. /"««/— Sherman, St. Louis 3 572 St. Paul— .S/. Luke, Webster 643 St. Peters — Dardenne, St. Charles.. 4 490 St. Thomas, Cole i68 6'«/jrtf5 i9f«^ 377 Toennia, Schuyler 5^9 Tolona, Lewis 9 3io TRENTON,* Grundy 12 223 Tr\hM\zX\on- Looftiesville, McDonald 331 Triplett-Vorche'?, Prai., Chariton. .4c 135 TROY, Lincoln SH Troy Mills, Adair 4b 3^ Truxton, Lincoln 2>^S Tuckersville, Morgan 39^ Tullvania, Macon 337 Tuque, Warren 628 Turnback, Dade 182 Turney's Station, Clinton 7a 163 TUSCUMBIA, Miller 3^9 Twane, Dent 196 Twin Grove, Jasper 2a 278 Ulman's Ridge, Miller 3^9 UNION, Franklin 205 Union City, Atchison 4^ Union City, Jasper 278 Union Ridge. Sullivan...; 616 Union Star, De Kalh 192 Uniontown, Perry 425 Union Valley, Nodaway 406 UNIONVILLE,* Putnam n 461 Upper Jefferson — Scott's Station, Cole 3 168 Utica,* Livingston 7 327 Urbana, Dallas 186 Urich, Henry 232 Valparaiso, Sullivan 616 VAN BUREN, Carter 118 Vandalia, Audrain 6 49 Van Horn, Carroll "5 Vannoy's Mill, Pike 444 Vera Cruz, Douglas 198 Vermont, Cooper 3a 174 Verona, Lawrence 2 306 VERSAILLES,* Morgan 392 Vibbard.Ray 14 475 Victoria, Daviess 189 Victoria, Jefferson I 285 Vienna — Economy, Macon 337 VIENNA, Maries 348 Vineland, Jefferson I 285 Vinemont, Bollinger 64 Vinton, Bates 58 Virgil City, Cedar 128 Virgil City, VernOn 624 Virginia, Bates 58 Virginia Mine, Franklin 205 Post Office. County. R. R. Page. Wadeshurg, Cass 123 Wakanda — Eugene City, Carroll.. 4 115 Waldo, Webster 643 Waldron, Platte 13 448 Walkersville, Shelby 604 Wallace — Jeanette, Buchanan 82;^ WalVs 5/or^-Burnett's St'n, Johnson 291 Walnut Creek, Bates 58 Walnut Forest, Greene 220 Walnut Grove, Greene 220 Walnut Shade, Taney 6i8 Walton Mills, Washington 635 Warm Yo\\i— Clifton, Oregon 409 Warren, Marion 357 WARRENSBURG,* Johnson 3 291 WARRENTON,* Warren 4 628 Warrenville, Laclede 297 WARSAW,* Benton 62 Washburn — Keetsville, Barry 52 Washington,* Franklin 3B 205 Waterloo, Clark 147 Watson, Atchison 13 4^ Waverly,* Lafayette B 302 WAYNESVILLE,* Pulaski.. 457 Webster, Oregon 4^9 Webster — Harmony, Washington .... 635 Webster Groves, St. Louis 3 572 Welch, Monroe 382 Weldon, Maries 348 Wellington, Lafayette B 302 Wellsburgh, St. Charles 49° Wellsville, Montgomery 4 387 Wentzville, St. Charles 4 49° West Ely, Marion 357 West Fork, Reynolds 478 West Hartford, Ralls 466 West yo///«— Joplin City, Jasper 277 West Liberty, Putnam 461 West Line, Cass 5a 123 Weston,* Platte 13 B 448 WEST PLAINS, Howell 257 West Point, Bates ';8 Westport,* Jackson 271 West Quincy, Marion 7 357 West Springfield, Shelby 604 West Union, Cass 123 West Union, Holt B 239 Westville, Chariton 135 Wet Glaize, Camden loi Wheatland, Hickory 234 Wheeling, Livingston 7 327 Whetstone, Wright (^5° Whig Valley, Holt 239 White Hare — Mt.Enterprise, Cedar. I 1 28 White Oak Spring, Webster 643 White Rock, Carroll "5 White Rock Prairie, McDonald 331 White's Store, Howard 254 Whitesville, Andrew 42 White Water—Sirodexv., Cape G. . I a 1 09 Williamsburgh, Callaway 97 Williamstown, Lewis 310 Williamsville, Wayne i 640 30 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Post Office. County. R. R. Page. Willmathville, Adair 38 Willow Springs, Howell 257 Wilson, Adair 38 Winchester, Clark I47 Windsor, Henry 5 232 Winemiller's Mills, Worth 648 Winigan, Sullivan 616 Winslow, De Kalb 192 Winston, Dent 196 Winstonville, Daviess 12 189 WhitersvilU , Andrew 42 Wintersville, Sullivan 616 Winthrop, Buchanan... .13, 7 & 12 B ^ih Withers Mills, Marion 7 357 Wittenberg, Perry A 426 Wolf Creek, St. Fran9ois la 501 Wolf Creek, Wright 650 Wolf Island, Mississippi A 374 Woodend, Pulaski 2 457 Post Office. County. R. R. Page. Woodhill — Cross Plains, Dallas 186 Woodland — Caldwell, Marion 7 357 Woodlawn, Monroe 382 IVoodlawn, St. Louis 3 572 Wood's Fork, Wright 650 Woodside, Oregon 409 Woodville, Macon 337 Woolam, Gasconade 210 Worth, Worth 648 Wright City, Warren 4 628 Wyaconda, Scotland 593 Yancy Mills, Phelps 438 Yankee Doodle, Howell 257 Yankee Ridge, Harrison 227 Yeatma7i, St. Louis 3 572 Youngers, Boone . . 71 Young's Creek, Audrain 49 Younts' Store, Perry _. 426 Zig, Adair 38 JiS'For explanations seepage IB. M^RTTCAL SECTTO^'' OF BOKIXGS AT THE ST.ZOUIS COUNTY mSAXE ASYLUM. ccnstnu:ucL ^^,^^,. .^^..,,.,.. £L,^.v.££^Qr^P ^ ^0. State Gcolotist of Mq. Formation Miu/r. Feet ^(Oa l.Measvu'es . Jjower CtcrboTLtfcrou^. No. Strata Found in Well 67(9 Chouteaxv Grcnip. Jren tcnJJlaclJlwer a.n.(Z JBirdseyeJiiniestone . "zsazs TOT muslration iJ"*^! (JJ epth J ChertyiDiniesion e. J^^^b,ChertrZiTneHcme ifaTd^iie^CJieHyZimeston ' ' sxaf' 93 -fS/ «ii!a : Uca-KUnmUrrw vnlh icmic Oar' j^JMI.'.l|iJjl^jl)|ll ^ ' STATE LEGISLATURE. Senatorial Apportionment. Districts. Composed of the Counties of ist — Andrew, Holt, Nodaway and Atchison. 2d — Buchanan, DeKalb, Gentry and Worth. J —j^ 3d— Platte, Clay and Clinton. {j B;ATE S^^_ 4th — Caldwell, Ray, Daviess and Harrison. | 5th — Livingston. Grundy, Mercer and Carroll. iTn/i^^ V 6th — Linn, Sullivan, Putnam and Chariton. | "a f^'\^ 7th — Randolph, Howard and Monroe. 8th — Adair, Macon and Schuyler. 9th- -Audrain, Boone and Callaway. 10th — St. Charles and Warren, nth — Pike, Lincoln and Montgomery. i2th — Lewis, Clark, Scotland and Knox. 13th— Msrrion, Shelby and Ralls. 14th — Jackson, Cass and Bates. ■ ^ 15th— Johnson, Benton, Henry and St. Clair. Ljl ^ i6th — Dade, Vernon, Barton, Jasper and' , 17th— Saline, Lafayette and Pettis. 18th— Newton, Barry, Lawrence, McDonald. 19th— Greene, Christian, Stone, Taney, !_.. Webster. 20th— Polk, Dallas, Laclede and Hickory. j aist — Osage, Franklin and Gasconade. 22d— Phelps, Crawford, Dent, Texas, Wright,' Pulaski, Ozark, Douglass, Howell. ,^ '--a, 13d— Washington, Jefferson, St. Francois andi:;:i^fe^"~l5 ■-|^"^''< Ste. Genevieve. ! N^AV "" -~ -^ 24th— Iron, Ripley, Madison, Wayne, Butler, H», Shannon, Reynolds, Oregon, Carter.!/ ^^^ 'z.'^XV'''- ' 25th— Mississippi, Stoddard, Dunklin, Pemis-jV;. "%> c" ^'^%^% (y^ cot. New Madrid and Scott. 'rt^'r. 7^^^ '^i ( ' %. 1 26th— Cape Girardeau, Perry and Bollinger. ! / "^ j i i- C*' 27th— Cole, Miller, Camden and Maries. yAlT lyoTCAXJDi j 28th — Cooper, Morgan and Moniteau. \^\,.' ___®f'>'vivllet ^<)th. and 36th inclusive — St. Louis. Represbntativk Apportiokmbnt. St. Louis County, - - ,14 Representatives Jackson County, - - 3 do Buchanan County, - • 2 do Franklin County, - i do All other Counties, each one Representative. \ \ I \ n- 1 - ■ s "-"^^ ^ constnicledand engmi'i'd cxyivsslx • for aiMPBEU^S GAZETTEER OFJ^nSSOURI auiaiaita curEREDACCOnOING TO ACT OF CONGRESS IN THE y EAR 1814- BY ^^i^^\ ROBERT A.CAMPBELL y^T^X if^ j.„g Q^f^icE or THE LIBRARIAN OFCONGRESS AT tlASHIN6rON Congressional Districts numbered thus. /' i F ) H i/ 'L ; < , ^ or'.' Ail\icerptjf _^ / \ ^HOLrb 1 -1 uW/^f -^ ^. . %h. S^Bunufi^aroN V BUTLER "kJ'^^ (^//^^/y//7/y Oefi-zretms Ow/j l/erAW/i?s. Zmver ^.R^. ....••■ .-tAT «;tiT#^ ¥T^ 4U-4 ]6;^ i f' a<*vT d_2_ -V V'Jf !i A' ..I ^Y'^^oc 1 "^ Mecni Sumtner \ ^.^ Teniptrulun' ^ '^ ' TeinptratiiTC / * »K\3;i°- ft' ^ f^^yf. 'Vr HOT j J3 A Pi P{ -p!^' '-^4., ENGELMANN S mm C3XIMATOI.O€iICAri MAP or T HKKawiMr j^?v^-- cpuslnicted and eiLgixived c.xpivssly for CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OFMLSSOURI 8^V "i* I ^ ^ ■■'M> JUrCRBD ACCORDING TO ACT Or CONGRESS IN THE YEAR 187* BY ROBERT A. CAMPBELL IN THE OFFICE or THE LIBRARIAN OrCOWRESS AT 'tJASHINGTON Ji:XBLANATI02rS The Icaye figures on ffie fiice of the JUofj show tJw Avemge AmatalRcdjLfaR in Inches //'4, o ■%C3\ '-II^Al ^ ■..'■ :> n^l '^*^i \'^ — L~- ? '5 '■ r*/ fii> -i-1 T) E :isr T p •^H f,-,@P£Rf ;M"."-^„ <.;'-o\i ,^.^';;;^-^ cape . •'^ssoji /^f ■n/iii "j CENTKt [- G I. A S )VEHACiru-i T^ v:^* V ^ ! ^ ^a/tS-^.Pt.AINS poplaIp BLU^F: r-laOOHIPH/^H K"R. Bftifon -iAINEiSlLt-t -/- y FO^ATTAh ADAIR COUNTY, In the northern part of the State, is bounded north by Putnam and Schuyler Counties, east by Scotland and Knox, south by Macon, and west by Sullivan County, and contains 356,420 acres. Population, in 1850, 2,342; i860, 8,530; 1870, 11,448; of whom 11,305 were white and 143 colored; 5,892 male and 5,556 female; 11,072 native (4,904 born in Missouri) and 376 foreign. History. — A settlement, known to the older portions of Howard and Randolph Counties as the ** Cabins of White Folks," was made near the present site of Kirksville in 1828. The little colony had been established about a year, when they were visited by a considerable body of the Iowa Indians, who insulted the women and committed many depredations. The pioneers becoming alarmed, dispatched a messenger to Randolph County for aid. The messenger reached the house of Wm. Blackwell on the night of July 24th, 1829, and before many hours the news of the threatened attack had spread through the settlement, and by the next evening a company under command of Mr. Trammel, marched to "Grand Narrows," now in Macon County, so called from a peculiar opening in the timber bordering the prairie. Here they encamped for the night, and the next day marched to the "Cabins," a distance of 44 miles. At a council on the morning of the 27th, they determined to order the Indians to leave. They marched ten miles, and formed a line in the rear of the Indian encampment and called for an interpreter. As the Indians appeared, a Mr. Myers, who lived at the "Cabins," recognized an Indian who had grossly insulted his wife, and immediately shot him dead. The Indians commenced loading, the squaws with a characteristic whoop retreated, and Capt. Trammel gave the order to fire. Fifteen guns were discharged and the remainder of the company broke and ran, the Indians pursuing for a short distance. Three of the whites were killed and several wounded, Capt. Trammel among others. They returned to the "Cabins" for the women and children, and, taking up their line of march southward, traveled all night, never halting until within 5 miles of Huntsville. The women and children were then sent on to Howard. Richardson, Guess, Myers, Gross and Blackwell, with about 60 others, under command of Capt. Sconce, returned to the battle-field and buried the bodies of Winn, Owenby and Myers, who had been killed in the fight. Three Indians were left lying where they fell. The company returned to Howard where a regiment was organized under 34 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. the command of Col. John B. Clark, which speedily drove the Indians north of the State boundary. This comparatively small affair was one of the incidents leading to the Black Hawk War. The first permanent settlement was by Kentucky Emigrants in 183 1-2, among them were John Stewart, Andrew Thompson, John Cain, Jesse Jones, Robt. and Frayel Myers, Mr. Collett, father of King Collett, James A. Adkins, Washington and Lewis Conner. Soon after they were ioined by Kennedy Ownby, David E. Sloan, and the father of Wm. H. and Ed. Parcels, both of whom were young boys at the time. For this information we are indebted to Mrs. Mary Sloan, widow of David E. Sloan, now — 1874 — in the 79th year of her age. The county was organized Jan 29th, 1841, and Jefferson Collins, of Lewis County, L. B. Mitchell, of Clark, and Thomas Ferrell of Monroe, were appointed Commissioners to select the County Seat within 2^ miles of the center of the county. The first circuit court was held at the house of John Cain in 1841, Judge James A. Clark, presiding; David James, Clerk ; and Isaac N. Eby, Sheriff. In 1862, C-ol. Porter (Confederate) having about 2,000 newly recruited men, one-half of whom were poorly armed, or not armed at all, marched in the direction of Scotland County with the purpose of attacking about 300 Federal troops stationed at Memphis, but being closely pursued by McNeil's command, turned his course towards Kirksville, destroying bridges on the way. Porter arrived at Kirksville about noon, August 6th, an hour in advance of his pursuers, and ordering the citizens to leave town, stationed a part of his command in the houses and sent the balance on west. When McNeil came up he reconnoitered with a portion of Merrill's horse, losing one killed and one wounded by a fire from the Confederates in a corn field and behind a rick of cord wood. He then threw a battery of artillery to the front and commenced shelling, under cover of which the main force entered the town and proceeded to capture it house by house, the batteries changing position as necessity required for greater and more effective service. In three hours the town was in possession of the Federals and Porter's force, was in full flight, leaving about sixty who were taken prisoners. The Confederate loss, in killed, wounded and prisoners, was estimated at about 200. The Federal loss was 8 killed and a number wounded. McNeil is reported to have caused sixteen of the Confederate prisoners to be taken out and shot. But little damage was done to the town during the fight. A few houses were damaged by cannon balls, and bullet holes were quite plenty. Mrs. Coots was so badly wounded that she died a day or two after. The Confederate dead were gathered up and buried by the citizens. The Federal force left a detail to take care of the wounded and pursued Porter, who escaped across the Chariton River. Physical Features. — The Chariton River passes through the ADAIR COUNTY. 35 county from north to south, three to five miles west of the center, heavy timber extending on either side for several miles. Its principal tributaries on the west are Blackbird, Shuteye, Spring, Billey, Hog and Walnut Creeks, and on the east, Hazel, Rye, Big and Sugar Creeks. In the eastern part of the county are found South Fabius, Cottonwood and Salt Rivers, Floyd, Steer, Timber, Bear and Bee Creeks, all of which flow in a south-easterly direction toward the Mississippi. These streams in all their windings are beautifully fringed with timber, consisting prin- cipally of maple, walnut, hickory, oak, elm, linn and cottonwood. Between the rivers are rich rolling prairies, which occupy about one-half ■of the county. The timber land is fully as productive as the prairie. Agricultural Productions. — The soil is mostly fertile and adapted to the raising of nearly all the cereals — wheat, corn, oats, rye, barley, etc. Tobacco and other crops are also grown with profit. In grazing facilities it is hardly surpassed by any county in North Missouri, and is second to none in the North-east. Apples, peaches, pears, cherries, plums, etc. are grown in abundance. Hay is one of the staple crops, and timothy seed ■ is receiving increased attention, as farmers are beginning to realize that it, together with hay, is a profitable crop. Mineral Resources. — There is an abundance o. coal in the county, also some excellent quarries of limestone and sandstone. Manufacturing Interests will be noticed under the heads of the various towns where they are located. ^Vealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $10,202,000.* Railroads. — There are two railroads in the county. The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway, crossing it from north to south and having 24^^ miles of track, and the Quincy, Missouri & Pacific Railroad, having 13}^ miles of track in the county, thus furnishing Adair a southern, eastern and northern outlet to market. Exports as yet, are confined to agricultural products and stock. Large quantities of grain, baled hay, timothy seed, cattle, hogs, etc., are annually shipped from the several railroad stations in the county. Educational Interests. — There are 76 public school houses in the county, with a registered attendance of 4^957 pupils. In addition to these school houses, there are other buildings used in that capacity in order to furnish room for those attending the schools ; especially is this the case in Kirksville, where the school building, containing four large rooms, is not sufficient to accommodate all. The North Missouri State Normal School will be noticed under the head of Kirksville. Brashears (Paulville) — ^Twelve miles east of Kirksville, on the Q., M. & P. R. R., laid out in 1372 by Richard Brashears, in honor of ♦Assessed valuation for 1873, $3,362,798. Taxation for State and county purposes, $1.61 on $100. Bonded debt of the county for railroad, $75,000 ; Normal School, $78,000 ; bridges, $4.8oo. Benton town- ship, $40,000; Salt River township, $6,000. Both of the latter for subscriptions to Q., M. & P- K. K. Floating debt of the county, about $2,000. 36 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL whom it is named, contains about 6 stores, a saw and grist mill, a grain warehouse, hay press, school house and church — United Brethren. It is about 2 miles s. e. of the old site of Paulville, which has principally- been moved to Brashears. It is the heaviest shipping point in the county except Kirksville. Population about 200. Floyd's Creek, is a post-office 8 miles n. e. of Kirksville. KIRKSVILLE, the county seat, named in honor of Jesse Kirk, is located on a high rolling prairie, near the center of the county, and about six miles east of the Chariton River. It is on the St. L. , K. C. & N. R. W., 203 miles from St. Louis, and on the Q., M. & P. R. R., 70 miles from Quincy, and on the grand divide between the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, where the best of water can be obtained at a depth of from 15 to 20 feet. The town was laid out in 1842, and incorporated in 1857. The first Board of Trustees were M. P. Hannah, John Thomas, Wm. Lough, O H. Beeman, Jesse C. Thatcher, John D. Foster and E. W. Parcels. Kirksville has 6 churches, — M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South, Presbyterian, Cumberland Presbyterian, Baptist, Free-Will Baptist, Christian, Episcopal ■ and Colored Baptist, costing in the aggregate about ;^ 20,000. The M. E. Ch. South worships in the Cumberland Presbyterian Church and the Christians with the Freewill Baptists. The educational facilities of the town are found in the public schools, which are under the supervision of superior teachers. The State Normal School, originally established by Prof. Joseph Baldwin, as a private insti- tution for the training of teachers and others, with primary and inter- mediate departments, was first opened September 2d, 1867. It was, through the laborious and untiring efforts of Prof. Baldwin and his able assistants, Profs. Nason, Greenwood and others, continued as first com- menced, with increasing success, until 1871, when it was opened as a State Institution. The Legislature in 1870 made provision for two State Normal Schools, one south and the other north of the Missouri River. Several counties in North Missouri competed for the location, but by an appropriation of ^100,000 voted by this county, and the donation by John W. Morris and J. A. Richter of fifteen acres of ground, beautifully situated, and the additional fact that the private Normal of Prof. Baldwin had secured more than a State reputation, the location was secured at this point, and the first session of the North Missouri State Normal School was opened January 2d, 187 1, in the same building previously occupied by Prof. Baldwin. In the spring of 1872, the Legislature appropriated ^50,000 to complete the building, an imposing and suitably arranged structure, which was completed and occupied the following December. The annual appropriation for the support of the school was first fixed at $5,000. In 1873, the Legislature increased it to $10,000. Tuition is free except an incidental fee of $3.00 per term, and board can be KIRKVILLE NORMAL SCHOOL. 38 ADAIR COUNTY. obtained at from ^3.00 to $3,50 per week. During the term commencing Sept. 2d, 1873, 400 students were enrolled. Thus it will be seen that the educational facilities of Kirksville, are equal to any in the country, and the people being generous, sociable and free in their manners, is an additional attraction to students. There are 2 newspapers, TJie Register, W. C. B. Gillespie, editor and publisher, and The Journal, S. M. Pickler, editor and publisher ; 2 bank- ing houses, 1 2 dry goods stores, 4 clothing, i book, 9 grocery, 2 furni- ture, 4 drug, 2 jewelry and 3 hardware stores, 2 saddle and harness shops, 2 lumber yards, i wagon maker, 4 hotels, i hide, fur and wool purchasing store, 2 brick yards near town, 2 marble manufactories, 3 grain ware- houses and 2 hay pressing establishments. Kirksville has three essentials for profitable manufacturing — water, wood and coal, the latter being found in abundance about four miles west of the town — and that branch of industry is receiving increased attention. There are 2 grist mills, i woolen mill, i plow, i hub and spoke factory, i cheese factory, i planing mill and furniture factory. Lindersville is a post-office 11 miles s. w. of Kirskville. Millard, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 7 miles s. of Kirksville con- tains a warehouse, 3 stores, school house, church, etc. Population about 100. Nineveh, 11^ miles n. w. of Kirksville, is in a German settlement, well located, on high ground, on the west side of Chariton River, which is. bridged at this point. It has a large steam saw and grist mill, a school house, tannery, and 2 stores. Population about 100. Paulville — See Brashears. Prairie Bird is a post-oflfice 10 miles s. e. of Kirksville. Ringo's Point is 18 miles w. of Kirksville. Shibley's Point, 17^ miles n. w. of Kirksville, has a store. Sloan's Point, 6 miles w. of Kirksville, on the Chariton River, over which there is a good bridge, has i store and 2 saw and grist mills. Sublett, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 7 miles n. of Kirksville, a shipping point of importance, has 2 stores and i warehouse. Troy Mills, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. R., 4 miles s. of Kirksville^ is the site of a large woolen mill. Willmathville, 13 miles n. e. of Kirksville, contains 2 stores, a school house and church. Population about 50. Wilson, 16 miles s. e. of Kirksville, contains 2 stores, aschool house,, etc. Population about 30. Zig is a p. o. 13 miles s. w. of Kirksville. ANDREW COUNTY, In the north-western part of the State, is bounded north by Nodaway County, east by Gentry and De Kalb, south by Buchanan, south-west by the Missouri River which separates it from Kansas, and west by Holt County, and contains 273,025 acres. Population in 1850, 9,433; in i860, 11,850; in 1870, 15,137; of whom 14,736 were white, and 401 colored; 8,014'male, and 7,123 female; 14,261 native (7,254 born in Missouri) and 876 foreign. History.— The "Platte Purchase," which now consists of Andrew, Atchison, Buchanan, Holt, Nodaway and Platte Counties, was, up to 1836, an Indian Reservation, having been selected by the Indians, with their usual sagacity. It was considered by the early settlers of North- western Missouri, as the natural garden of the State. That far-seeing statesman, Thomas H. Benton, in 1836, secured the passage of a bill removing the Indian occupants and adding this portion of their territory to Missouri ; thus giving to the State a large area of the most fertile, and at the same time, the most beautifully diversified land, and most readily accessible district in the country. The " Purchase " was soon afterward divided into counties, and settlers from all parts of the country crowded into what is now Andrew County, and from that time to the present its growth in population and material wealth has been rapid and healthy. The county was first settled by Joseph Walker, Esq., in 1837, and organ- ized January 29th, 1841. Its remoteness from the seat of the late Civil War prevented any conflict in the county. Physical Features.— Andrew County is considerably diversified in its topography. About three-fifths of the county is timbered, the remainder upland, rolling prairie. The bottom lands along the Missouri and in the valleys of the principal streams, are almost level, while the bluffs, except along the Missouri River, are gradually sloping, and the upland j)ortions considerably rolling. The eastern portion of the county is peculiarly attractive in its general appearance, being high rolling prairie, with beautiful groves of timber skirting the streams, while the southern and south-western portions are somewhat broken, but scarcely an acre, except the face of Missouri River bluffs, is so steep as to be unfit for cul- tivation, and even these are in most cases admirably adapted to grape-growing. The north-eastern portion, known as "Empire Prairie," is the most level district in the county, and will compare favorably in beauty and fertility, with any place in the West. The county is well 40 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. watered, every portion of it abounding in running streams, and fine springs. The One Hundred And Two River, running from north to south through the centre of the county, the Platte two to six miles east- ward, and the Nodaway on its western boundary, with their numerous tributaries, furnish not only excellent drainage, but iilso supply an abund- ance of water for stock. The Nodaway, which affords ample mill power, has been navigated by small steamers to State Ferry. Its principal tribu- taries in this county are Lincoln and Peddler Creeks, into the latter of which empties Arapahoe Creek. Emptying into the Missouri in the south- western part of the county, are several brooks, the principal of which are Dillon and Caples Creeks. Muddy Creek and its tributary. Third Fork, traverse the eastern part of the county, a distance of lo miles. Much the greater portion of the bottom lands has an exceedingly fertile soil, being siliceous alluvial, intermixed with clay and vegetable mold. There are, however, along the Missouri bottoms several small patches of "gumbo," a tenacious vegetable mold which cracks in drying, leaving the field lumpy and difficult to cultivate. It has, however, a sandy sub- soil, and needs only deep cultivation to make it among the most fertile of alluvials. The peculiar geological formation along the Missouri, being almost identical with the loess or bluff formation of the River Rhine, renders artificial drainage unnecessary, and being deeply impregnated with salts and oxyde of iron it is peculiarly adapted to raising pears, while its fertility insures good crops of other fruits and veg- etables. The timbered portion of the county has usually a dark brown calcareous soil overlaid by vegetable mold with a clay sub-soil. The timber is oak, walnut, elm, hickory, sugar maple and hackberry. Agricultural Productions. — Corn is the principal product, and on no upland soil in the West does it succeed better; crops have been fre- quently made averaging 75 and sometimes 100 bushels to the acre. Winter and spring wheat are staples, while oats, barley, rye, buckwheat and potatoes, yield largely, the latter being a specialty. Grapes are cultivated with great success, large quantities being shipped in all direc- tions, while the grasses and garden vegetables here find a congenial soil, and yield immense crops. The Manufacturing Interests are exceedingly limited ; the whole county being so well adapted to agriculture, the energies of the people are almost entirely bent in that direction. There are about 10 flouring mills in the county, and twice as many saw mills. "Wealth. — Valuation of the county, per census of 1870, ;^8,ooo,ooo.* Educational Interests. — The citizens are fully alive on the subject of education, and fine school houses are a characteristic of the county. Each district has a comfortable and commodious building. The one at •Assessed valuation in 1873, ^4,936,418. Taxation, Ji.oo on Jioo. Bonded debt, ^100,000. ANDREW COUNTY. 41 Savannah, is an imposing structure, built in 1872, and cost about ;$i8,ooo. There are 83 districts, and 84 school houses, with 93 schools for white, and 2 for colored children. The average wages paid teachers are : male, ^58 ; female, $39 per month. The average daily attendance at school in the county in 1872 was 3,197. Railroads.— The Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad traverses the south-west corner of the county, following the Missouri River. From Amazonia the Chicago Branch runs north, through the centre of the county, connecting with the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad at Hopkins, forming a through route from Kansas City and St. Joseph to Chicago. The county subscribed $100,000 (the bonded debt above •named) to aid in building this road. The Exports are flour, wheat, oats, rye, corn, apples, peaches, grapes and other fruits ; . cattle, hogs, horses, mules, and in fact everything usu- ally raised for exportation in a strictly agricultural community. Amazonia, the second place of importance in the county, is situated on the Missouri River, at the junction of the Chicago Branch, with the main line of the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R.— 6 miles s. w. of Savannah. The town has a fine, picturesque appearance, with many beautiful building sites, and is an excellent shipping point for a considerable section of country. A number of saw-mills, i flouring mill, i turning mill, and .a box factory, are among its industries. It has 10 or 12 stores, and a fine graded school. Population about 400. Bolckow, a station on the Chicago Branch of the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., II miles north of Savannah, has a few stores, and a population of about 200. Castle is a post-ofiice 10 miles s. e. of Savannah. Empire Prairie, 15 miles n. e. of Savannah, contains a Presbyterian church and a few stores. Fillmore, pleasantly situated in a thickly settled locality, 12 miles n. w. of Savannah, is a good business point, has about 12 stores, a flouring and a saw mill, a Presbyterian and a Methodist church, and a fine graded seminary. Population about 350. Flag Springs, 10 miles n. e. of Savannah, has a woolen, a saw and a grist mill, and several stores. Population about 100. Nodaway is a station on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 10 miles (by rail) w. of Savannah. Population about 100. Parker, 17 miles n. w. of Savannah, has one store. Rochester, on the west bank of Platte River, 8 miles e. s. e. of Savannah, has about 12 business houses, a Methodist church, and a fine seminary. Population about 400. Rosendale is a station on the Chicago Branch of the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 6 miles n. of Savannah. Population about 100. SAVANNAH, the county seat, and principal town, is finely located, 42 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL near the centre of the county, on the Chicago Branch of the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 15 miles n. of St. Joseph. It is situated on gently rolling ground which insures perfect drainage. The conformation of the adjacent ground gives many beautiful localities of which advantage has been. taken for the erection of elegant dwellings. The town was laid out in 1842, incorporated as a city in 1854, and is settled by a thrifty and enterprising people, mostly from the Eastern and Northern States. Popu- lation in 1870, 1,256; now estimated at 1,500. It contains i first-class steam flouring mill, i wagon, i plow, and i furniture factory ; 2 banks, about 30 stores, and i newspaper and job printing establishment — the Andrew County Republican, O. E. Paul, editor and proprietor. The following churches have each one building, valued at from |iooo to ^3000: M. E. Ch. South, M. E. Ch., O. S.Presbyterian, Presbyter- ian, Christian, Episcopal, Congregational and colored Methodists. A fine graded seminary building was completed in 1873 — the seven departments of which are well filled and ably taught. Whitesville, on the Platte River, 5 miles e. of Rosendale, has a few stores and twa^churches— Baptist and Reformers. Population about 200. ATCHISON COUNTY, Situated in the north-western corner of the State, is bounded north by Iowa, east by Nodaway County, south by Holt, and south-west and west by the Missouri River, which separates it from Nebraska, and has an area of 329,751 acres. Population in 1850, 1,678; in i860, 4,649; in 1870, 8,440; of whom 8,405 were white and 34 colored; 4,489 male, and 3,951 female j 7,712 native (3,283 born in Missouri) and 728 foreign. History. — Atchison is a part of the celebrated Platte Purchase. The first settlement was made at Sonora, on the Missouri River by Callaway Millsaps and his family, who reached that point Nov. nth, 1839. His son, Joseph,-was the first white child born in what is now Atchison County. Both fatherand son are still (1874) living. The county was organized Feb- ruary 14th, 1845, from apart of Holt, and Linden was made the county seat. The early settlers were generally of that brave, resolute, but unsatisfied class of men who continually keep on the frontier and open the way for the less "estless people who follow to make permanent homes. Except the depression that was general in business throughout the State, this section was not greatly affected by the late Civil War, and since its close, it has rapidly increased in population and wealth. Physical Features. — Atchison is principally a prairie country, almost exclusively agricultural in its interests. It may be divided into three natural belts or districts : First, the Missouri bottom on the west side of the county; second, a bluff and timber district, lying between the bottom lands and the upland prairies; third, the prairie district, comprising nearly all of the east half of the county. The Missouri bot- toms are exceedingly fertile, and produce good crops of wheat and smaller grains, though corn is the principal product. The whole bottom, except the timber skirting the Missouri River, is in cultivation, and is known as the ''Egypt of the North-west." The bluff and timber district lies immediately east of the Missouri bottom, and furnishes most of the native timber for fuel, posts and build- ing material for other portions of the county. It is also the best adapted portion for fruits of the various kinds usually grown'in similar latitudes. It is an average country for the production of corn, wheat, barley, etc. — somewhat better for the smaller grains than the Missouri Bottom. The third district, consisting of about two hundred thousand acres or more, on the east side of the county, is almost wholly composed of rolling, upland prairies, diversified by numerous small but unfailing 44 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. streams of pure water. Some of the larger ones, especially the Big Tar- kio, have a limited amount of timber upon them. Streams fed by springs are numerous, and furnish all the water necessary for stock purposes, while wells dug at a small expense give pure water in the greatest abundance for all domestic uses. The Missouri River flows in a south-easterly course along the entire western border of the county, the other streams flowing south-westwardly into the Missouri. The Nishnabotna (Good Canoe) River enters the county on the north line and follows the bluffs in a south-easterly direc- tion. Several years ago the stream cut its channel into the Missouri River at a point near the north line, and emptied its waters into the Missouri some 40 miles above its original mouth. The K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R. Co. built a dam below its present mouth, and now most of its waters flow through the new channel. This old channel completely ' drains the "bottom" lands, rendering them the finest and richest in the county. Big Tarkio and West Fork, Middle Fork and East Fork of Big Tarkio, are in the north-eastern and central parts, and Little Tarkio, East Fork of Little Tarkio, and the head waters of Squaw Creek, are in the south-east. The bluffs on the Missouri River are a striking feature in the topogra- phy of this county. They are steep, sloping or rounding in every direc- tion, like miniature mountain peaks, from the tops of which the view is often beautiful and extensive. At a distance they apppear like walls of rock, but are ' ' bluffs. ' ' These bluffs, extending one to two miles eastward from the river, are being cleared — orchards and vineyards taking the place of the original forests upon them. Agricultural Productions. — Corn is the principal crop, but all varieties of wheat, oats, barley and rye, are largely and profitably raised ; also hemp and tobacco to some extent. But little attention has been given to cultivated grasses, the prairies furnishing all the pasture and hay heretofore needed. Where much pastured, the prairie grass is giving way to blue grass, which will eventually supersede the wild grasses. Apples grow to a perfection seldom found in other places. Peaches, plums and cherries all do well. Berries of all kinds adapted to this cli- mate, produce abundantly. Horses, mules, cattle and hogs are raised, the first principally for home use — the others for market. Stock-raising and feeding is by far the most important interest in the county. For a few years past sheep-raising has received considerable attention. The land in cultivation approximates to only one-fourth of the entire area. The gregit depth of the soil and its ready absorption of water, peculiarly adapts it to agriculture ; even after heavy rains plowing can be done, and the retention of moisture prevents dry weather from cutting off the growing crops. ATCHISON COUNTY. 45 The Manufacturing Interests have not been very much developed, although some very desirable locations for mills and manufactories can be had upon the smaller streams. Prominent among those needed are woolen mills, agricultural machinery manufactories, and a number of flouring mills. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^5,000,000.* Railroads. — The Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs R. R. runs through the county from north to south, having 26 miles of track. The Quincy, Missouri «&: Pacific R. R. is projected through Atchison ; and the Burlington & Mo. River R. R. connects with the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R. at Hamburg, Iowa, near the northern line of the county, affording with the river, excellent facilities for transportation. * The Exports are corn, wheat, cattle, hogs, fruit and flour. Educational. — The county has made great progress under the public school system, being well supplied in all its sub-districts with good schools, and competent teachers. Many of the buildings are of brick — handsome, substantial and well furnished. The county hasaschool fund of ^125,000. Homer is a post-office 12 miles e. of Rockport. Irish Grove (Milton), 5 miles n. of Corning, has a public school,, 3 stores, I wagon shop, a large saw and grist mill, etc. London is a post-office 18 miles e. n. e. of Rockport. Milton. — See Irish Grove. Nishnabotna, on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R,, 127 miles north of Kansas City, has i general store. North Star (Scott City), 2 miles w. of Phelps and 8 iftiles w. of Rock- port, is on the Missouri River. It has a population of about 200, and contains an M. E. Church, a public school house, 2 flouring mills, a hotel, warehouse, stock yard, and 3 general stores. There is a ferry at this place to Brownsville, just opposite in Nebraska. Phelps City, on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 135 miles north of Kansas City, is located in a rich agricultural region. It is a favorite resort for stock dealers and shippers. The facilities for grazing and feed- ing are so good in this neighborhood, that thousands of cattle and hogs are driven here, fattened and shipped. It has about 250 inhabitants, 4 stores and a lirtTnber yard. Rich (Sonora) is a p. o. on the Missouri River, 2 miles w. of Watson. ROCKPORT, the county seat, 5 miles e. of Phelps City, is situated on Rock Creek, near the centre of the county. It was laid out and the records removed thither from Linden, the old county seat, in 1856. The place grew slowly at first, but since 1870 its progress has been steady and its population is now about 800. The business houses are mostly sub- stantial brick buildings. Two new school buildings, costing ;^ 16,000, afford ample educational facilities. There are 3 churches — M. E. Ch.,. * Assessed valuation in 1873, J3j494>838. Taxation, Jo. 45 per Jioo. No county [debt. 46 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. Baptist and German Lutheran — aggregate value, $12,000, and i Masonic and I 1. O. O. F. Lodge. The town has about 20 stores, 2 wagon shops, I brewery, i bank, 2 hotels, and 2 newspapers — The Atchison County Journal, published by Dopf & McCreary, and The Granger's Advocate, by Hassners & Willard. There is a large flouring mill on Rock Creek, within the limits of the town, and 2 other grist mills on the same creek, within 2 miles of the town. Scott City.— See North Star. Sonera. — See Rich. Watson, on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 141 miles north of Kansas City, situated in the centre of a fine farming district, is a good trading and shipping point. It has a population of about 200, and con- tains 5 general stores, i church — Cumberland Presbyterian, also used by other denominations — and a school house. Union City, 3 miles e. of Phelps, has a church, store, etc. AUDRAIN COUNTY, In the north-east-central part of the State, is bounded north by Monroe and Ralls, east by Pike and Montgomery, south by Montgomery, Callaway and Boone, and west by Boone and Randolph Counties, and has an area of 441,927 acres. Population in 1840, 1,949; in 1850, 3,506; in i860, 8,075; in 1870, 12,307; of whom 11,237 were white, and 1,070 colored; 6,417 male, and 5,890 female; 11, 720 native, (6,433 born ^^ Missouri) and 587 foreign. History. — The first settlement of the county was made in 1830 by emigrants from Kentucky, who were soon followed by others from North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia. The county was organized and the county seat located, Dec. 17, 1836. In these early days, when settlements were very few, and the population sparse, the people were much troubled by wolves, which made havoc among their domestic animals. The prairies abounded with elk, deer and bears, which afforded hunting sport as well as sustenance to the pioneers. Previous to 1854, the larger portion of the lands in Audrain, were still held by the Government. In that year they were sold under the "Grad- uation Act," and most of them brought a "bit" an acre. This sale drew many inhabitants from adjoining counties, and the cabins of "homesteaders" arose all over the rolling prairies. Many of these still stand, but are gradually giving place to the finer dwellings of the thrifty and wealthier inhabitants of to-day. Physical Features. — Audrain lies on the "divide," between the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. The surface of the country is generally high and rolling, prairie land predominating. The soil is usually a clayey loam, with clay sub-soil that retains moisture and consequently responds liberally to the application of fertilizers, and is therefore suscept- ible of a very high state of cultivation. There is sufficient sand in the soil to warm it up early in the spring, thus giving vegetation the advantage of the entire season. But little of the land is too rough to plow or too low to produce good crops. There are no streams in the county large enough to deserve the name of rivers, although one is so called. Salt River, Reese's Fork, Long Branch, Young's Creek, South Creek, Davis' Fork, Beaver Dam, Littleby and Lick Creeks, all tributaries of Salt River, and the West Fork of Cuivre River in the eastern part of the county, afford an abundant supply of water for stock at all times. There are but few natural springs— 48 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. water lor domestic purposes being mainly obtained from wells or cisterns. Timber is abundant along the streams, and much of it is of good quality for sawing. White oak, hickory and black oak are most abundant, while burr oak, elm, maple, walnut, sycamore, linn or basswood and birch are found in plentiful supply, and of a size suitable for lumber. The Agricultural Productions are chiefly hay, corn, wheat, oats, rye and buckwheat. Potatoes and sweet potatoes succeed well. Tobacco was formerly cultivated to some extent, but since the war has not been much grown. Recently considerable attention has been given to fruit- raising, to which the climate and soil are adapted, and large orchards have been planted. Small fruits have not, so far, received the attention which they merit, but those who have engaged in their cultivation have been well rewarded. Grapes yield remarkably well. Not half of the arable land is yet subjected to tillage. Thousands of acres of wild prairie remain unenclosed over which flocks and herds roam at liberty. The leading business of the farmers of Audrain is stock-raising. No better grass-producing country exists than this portion of Missouri, and cattle, mules, sheep and swine are raised by thousands. Mineral Resources. — Bituminous coal is the only mineral yet found in paying quantities. It crops out near the surface of ravines, and is easily obtained by "drifting." Some shafts have been sunk and paying veins are usually found at a depth of from 20 to 50 feet below the surface. Some few ledges of fine cannel coal have been discovered, and it is believed to exist in considerable quantities in the northern part of the county. The Manufacturing Interests of Audrain, outside of Mexico, have not been developed to any extent, being confined to a iQ.\i saw and grist mills. ^Vealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^8,503,407.* Railroads. — There are 62 miles of railroad in the county, of which the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway have 27 and the Chicago & Alton Railroad 35 miles. The railroad debt is 1 200,000. The Exports consist of hay, oats, corn, horses, mules, cattle and hogs. Educational. — Audrain County is well supplied in all its sub-districts with public schools, many of them having commodious and well-furnished buildings already completed, while others are in course of construction. The system has been adopted since 1865. Through the munificence of Hon. Charles H. Hardin, State Senator from this district, the "Hardin College" for young ladies, has recently been founded, and opened its first session with 100 scholars. Mr. Har- din generously gave the buildings and ten acres of ground, besides endow- ing it with $40,000. A private subscription of $30,000 is now being raised to erect a larger and more substantial edifice. This institution is located in Mexico, the county seat. ^ * Assessed valuation for 1873, ^4,643,289. Taxation, ^1.95 per ^loo. Bonded debt ^210,000, AUDRAIN COUNTY. 49 Barneyville. — See Hickory Creek. Benton City, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 7 miles e. of Mex- ico, contains i general store. Farber, on the C. «Sr A. R, R., 19 miles e. of Mexico, has i store, I grocery, i hotel and several shops. Hickory Creek (Barneyville) is a post-ofifice 22 miles e. of Mexico. John's Branch is a post-ofifice 11 miles e. of Mexico. Ladonia, on the C. & A. R. R., 15 miles e. n. e. of Mexico, has a population of about 200 and contains a good school house and 2 stores. Le Roy, a post-office 10 miles e. n. e. of Mexico. Littleby, a post-office 9 miles n. e. of Mexico. Martinsburgh, on the St. L., K. C. &N. R.[,W., 14 miles s.e. of Mex- ico, has a population of about 500. It has i church, i school house, 6 stores and a cheese factory. MEXICO, the county seat, is situated at the junction of the L. & M. R. R. R. (Mo. Br. of C. & A.) with the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W. about 108 miles from St. Louis, 51 miles from Jefferson City and 325 miles from Chicago. It was laid off as a town in 1836 by Smith & Mansfield, but being so far inland did not make much progress in population or business for twenty years. At length the opening of the N. M. R. R. in 1857 gave vigor to the apathetic town, and, arousing from the Rip Van Winkle sleep, she made rapid strides in wealth and population, until now the latter reaches 5,000, and she has become an important shipping and commercial point. Her trade extends 40 or 50 miles into the coun- try, in all directions. Besides a handsome public school edifice, where over 600 pupils are in attendance, it has the Hardin College, already noticed under the head of Education. It has 8 churches — Baptist, M. E. Church, M. E. Church South, Christian, Catholic, Episcopal, Presby- terian, Baptist, Colored Baptist and Methodist — aggregate value about g8o,ooo. It also has i merchant flouring mill, 2 grist and saw mills, i woolen and carriage factorj^, 2 wagon shops, i plow factory, i machine shop, I soap and candle factory, 4 job printing offices and newspapers — Missouri Messenger, published by Milton F. Simmons; Intelligencer, published by Hutton & Jacks ; Leader, published by J. Linn Ladd, and the Agriculturalist, published by W. G. Church. Mexico has many natural advantages as a manufacturing center. The railroads afford easy access to all parts of the country, while fuel is abundant and cheap, and in addition to this all manufacturing enterprises are exempt from taxation for many years to come. Thompson's Station, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 5 miles n. w. of Mexico, and has i general store. Vandalia, on the C. & A. R. R., 24 miles e. n. e. of Mexico, has a population of about 300, with 5 stores, i wagon shop, etc. Young's Creek is a post-office 10 miles n. n. w. of Mexico. BARRY COUNTY, Near the south-western corner of the State, is bounded north by Lawrence County, east by Stone, south by Arkansas, and west by McDonald and Newton Counties, which separate it from the Indian Territory, and con- tains 501,760 acres. Population in 1840, 4,795 > ^^ 1850, 3,467 ; in i860, 7,995 ; in 1870, 10,373; of whom 10,320 were white, and 52 colored ; 5,224 male, and 5,149 female; 10,345 native (4,946 born in Missouri) and 28 foreign. History. — The county was first settled in 1828 by Mr. Washburn, on the prairie which now bears his name. Between that time and 1834, settlements were made on Flat Creek by the Locks and Bratins ; by Jerry Fly and one, Joyce, on Joyce Creek ; by Wm. Logan, on Shoal Creek ; and by Daniel Meeks, on the headwaters of Sugar Creek. The county was organized January 5, 1835, ^^^ originally embraced all the territory from which the counties of Barton, Dade, Jasper, McDonald, Newton, and (in part) Cedar, have been formed. It was reduced to its present limits January 24, 1849. The " Jackson State Legislature " met in 1861 at Cass- ville, which was a military post, during the late war. The first battle in the county was fought in Mountain township, in the eastern part of the county, about the last of July, 1861, between the Home Guard, on one side, and the State Guards and some Texan Rangers on the other. Early in 1862, Washburn was the scene of a sharp fight between a Texas Regiment, under Col. Stone, and the First Missouri Cavalry, under Maj. Montgomery. Gadfly was, for a time during war, the headquarters of the Union element in the county. Physical Features. — The northern and north-western parts of the county are rolling prairies, interspersed with timbered valleys. The eastern and south-eastern parts are hilly, and the southern part moun- tainous, with fertile valleys, while the south-western and western portions are high, undulating plains. About one-fourth of the county is prairie, the balance timber — oak, hickory, cherry, walnut, &c. The county is well supplied with water. White River runs through, and with its tribu- taries, Roaring River, Rock, Big and Butler Creeks, drains the south- eastern part of the county. Flat Creek with its tributaries, Rockhouse, Jenkins and Carney's Creeks, are in the north-eastern and northern; and Shoal, Joyce and Sugar Creeks in the western, and the two Capp's Creeks in the north-western part of the county. Among the many prairies we mention King's in the north, Hickum's in the south-east, Washburn's in the south, Round in the south-west, and 52 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL Stone's in the north-west. About one-half of the county is good, tillable land, with a rich black and brown soil, having a subsoil of red or yellow clay. Roaring River Springs, and the many caves in the Ozark Mountains, in the eastern and south-eastern part of the county, are objects of interest to tourists and explorers. The Agricultural Productions are mainly corn, wheat, tobacco, oats, potatoes — Irish and sweet. Fruits generally yield well when cultivated. There is about 100,000 acres of Government land in the county, and the Atlantic & Pacific Railroad own about 200,000 acres which they offer for sale at ;^5 to ^10 per acre.* Mineral Resources. — Lead has been found in nearly every town- ship in the county, but has not been developed in paying quantities. Iron, with indications that promise well, has been discovered 7 miles s. e. and 18 miles e. of Cassville. Building stone is abundant. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^2, 500, 000. f The Exports are wheat, corn, flour, horses, mules, cattle, hogs, and sheep. Educational Interests are receiving increased attention. There are 69 public schools — including two high schools in the county. Railroads. — The Atlantic & Pacific Railroad has about 6 miles of track and I station, Plymouth, in the northern part of the county. CASSVILLE, the county seat, and principal town, located on Flat Creek, near the centre of the county, 22 miles from Peirce City, and Verona the usual railroad stations, contains about 8 stores and i newspaper — the Cassville Democrat, John Ray, M. D., editor and publisher. The commodious court house is used by the different denominations for church purposes. Population, 300. Corsicana (formerly Gadfly), 12 miles n. w. of Cassville, has a few stores, a carding machine and flouring mill. Population about 100. El Paso, a p. o. 8 miles w. of Cassville. Flat Creek, a p. o. 17 miles e. of Cassville. Gadfly. — See Corsicana. Hazle Barrens, a p. o. 18 miles s. e. of Cassville. Herdsville, a p. o. 15 miles s of Cassville. Keetsville. — See Washburn. McDowell, a p. o. 12 miles n. e. of Cassville. Mountain Cove, a p. o. 8 miles s. of Cassville. Plymouth, on the A. & P. R. R., 285 miles from St. Louis. Roaring River, a p. o. 13 miles s. of Cassville. Shell Knob, a p. o. 18 miles s. e. of Cassville. ^Vashburn (formerly Keetsville), on Wa.shburn Prairie, 8 miles s. W. of Cassville, has about 8 stores. Population about 200. *The Railroad Comp.-iny requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to^i>e paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offer free transportation from St. Louis to the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix — Page t Assessed valuation in 1873, Ji, 527,137. County out of debt. BARTON COUNTY, In the south-western part of the State, is bounded north by Vernon County, east by Cedar and Dade, south by Jasper County, and west by Kansas, and contains 378,100 acres. Population.— In i860, 1,817; in 1870, 5,087; of whom 5,068 were white and 19 colored; 2,698 male, and 2,389 female; 4,931 native (1,518 born in Missouri) and 156 foreign. History. — This county was organized from the northern part of Jasper, December 12th, 1855. During the late Civil War it suffered much, and was almost entirely depopulated, but has rapidly recuperated. Physical Features. — The surface of this county is generally high table lands, sufficiently undulating to be well drained, yet level enough for all agricultural purposes. These lands are principally prairie, inter- spersed with extensive groves of timber — linn, hickory, oak, locust, wal- nut, sycamore, cedar, cottonwood and elm, of which, if properly pre^ served, there is sufficient for all practical purposes. Muddy, or tTie North Fork of Spring River, in the south-eastern part of the county, is the principal stream. Coon Creek, in the south-east. North and West Forks, in the south-west, the two Drywoods in the north-west, and Horse Creek in the north-east of the county, each with their tributaries furnish an abundance of water for stock. Numerous springs are found throughout the county. Large bodies of fertile valley lands lie contiguous to all the larger streams. The soil of the prairies is a dark, sandy loam, rich and very productive. Nearly every section of the county is susceptible of profitable cultivation. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats and rye. Barley and buckwheat and potatoes do well. Apples, pears, peaches, plums and grapes, yield abundantly. Flax, cotton, tobacco and the castor bean, are successfully raised on a small scale. Barton has about 65,000 acres of cultivated lands. Improved farms average about ^15 per acre; unimproved lands ^4 to $5 per acre. Mineral Resources. — Coal underlies the whole county, but has only been developed so far as needed for home consumption, sufficiently, however, to prove its existence in immense quantities. Iron and lead have been discovered but not developed. ^A^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $3,000,000.* Educational.— There are in the county 49 sub-districts, about 38 good ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, #1,882,939. Taxation, j?i.35 per $100. Bonded debt, $27,000. Floating debt, ^57,500. 54 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL frame school houses, and about 45 schools in session every year. The common school fund belonging to the county is ^75,000. Lamar has a graded school of four departments. Baker's Grove (Fairbanks) is a p. o. 10 miles n. n. w. of Lamar. Barton City is a post-office 13 miles n. w. of Lamar. Caput is a post-office 7 miles w. n. w. of Lamar. Coon Creek (Midway — Dublin), 10 miles s. of Lamar, contains 2 general stores, i wagon shop and a lime-kiln. Dublin. — See Coon Creek. Doylesport is a post-office 10 miles n. n. e. of Lamar, Fairbanks. — See Baker's Grove. Golden City, 14 miles s. e. of Lamar, contains 4 general stores. Horse Creek (Newport), 10 miles e. n. e. of Lamar, has a store and saw mill. LAMAR, the county seat, centrally located on the east bank of the North Fork of Spring River, was incorporated in 1858, and at the com- mencement of the Civil War contained a population of about 300, but was entirely destroyed by the contending factions. It has, however, been rebuilt on its old site, and is thriving. Nevada, its nearest station on the M., K. & T. R. R., is 24 miles north; and Carthage, on the M., C. & N. W. R. R., is 25 miles south, and Fort Scott about 35 miles west. It contains 3 churches — Baptist, Catholic and Methodist. In 1870 a graded school was completed at a cost of ^12,000. It contains a bank, 2 hotels, I flouring and saw mill, and about a dozen stores. Le Roy is a post-office 20 miles n. w. of Lamar. Midway. — See Coon Creek. Milford, 10 miles n. e. of Lamar contains 2 stores. Nashville, 18 miles s. w. of Lamar, has i general store. Newport. — See Horse Creek. BATES COUNTY, * On the western border of the State, is bounded north by Cass County, east by Henry and St. Clair, south by Vernon, and west by the Kansas State Line, and has an area of 538,638 acres. Population in 1850, 3,669; in i860, 7.215; in 1870, 15,960; of whom 15,840 were white and 120 colored ; 8,541 male, and 7,419 female ; 15,422 native (5,383 born in Missouri), and 538 foreign. History.— The Osage Indians occupied this region until 1824, when some missionaries, who had traveled from New York in keel boats, landed near the present site of 'Papinville. The Indians received them in the most friendly manner, and the missionaries had no difficulty in taking possession of the 3 sections of land which the Government had donated them. They selected for their establishment a very beautiful location above high water level, partly timber and partly prairie, near a little brook which they called Mission Branch; this with the Marais des Cygnes (Osage) River, which at this place is about 200 feet wide, running over a gravelly bed and easy of access, afforded plenty of water. They built a mill, store, blacksmith shop, church and several dwelling houses, also planted an orchard of apple trees. They called the settlement Harmony Mission, and dwelt among the Osage Indians for many years, doing what they could to teach and civilize them. Aftpr the Indians were removed to the Indian Territory, the missionaries broke up the establishment and located in different parts of the county where some of them who were then young still reside with their descendants. The county was established January i6th, 1833, and organized January 29th, 1841. In 1854 it was reduced to its present limits, and Decem- ber 4th, 1855, Butler was made the county seat. At this date two-thirds of the land was held by the Government, but in three years it was nearly all entered, mostly by actual settlers, and from that time until the breaking out of the Civil War, there was a steady immi- gration induced by the rich lands and the facilities for stock-raising. In 1 86 1, Butler, the county seat, was a well built town with a population of about 1000, and the people generally throughout the county were in a prosperous condition. Being on the border it became the prey of Kansas jayhawkers, and Missouri bushwhackers. In 1863, Gen. Ewing issued his famous order No. 11,* and wnen the 15 days had expired, nearly every inhabitant had crossed its border, and * Ordering the inhabitants to leave the county within fifteen days. 56 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL for three years its history was a blank. During these years the prairie fires swept over the land, adding to the desolation. In the spring of 1866, some of the former inhabitants returned, but with a very few exceptions, not a vestige of their old homes was left, save the chimneys rising above beds of rank weed's. The richness of the land, however, could not be destroyed. Settlers flocked in rapidly, and with peace came prosperity. Physical Features. — The county is an undulating prairie, occasion- ally interspersed with timber. There are a few mounds from 50 to 200 feet high. The soil is a rich loam, sometimes 5 to 8 feet thick, underlaid with red clay. The county is well watered. The Osage River, running south-easterly in the southern part, is the largest stream. It has been navi- gated by steamboats to Papinville, and is well adapted to driving ma- chinery. Grand River, the next in size, and which forms part of the northern boundary of the county, also furnishes good water power. The other streams are Miami, Mormon, Elk, Deepwater, Panther, Deer, Mound, Mulberry, Walnut, Bone, Cove, Peter and Muddy Creeks, all of which furnish plenty of water for stock. About one-fifth of the county is covered with good timber — white, black, water, post and spotted oak, black-walnut, hickory, locust, syca- more, linn, Cottonwood, maple, cherry, mulberry, ash, elm, red-bud, box-elder, coffee-bean and pecan, found chiefly along the banks of the streams. Mineral Resources. — The county seems to rest on a bed of coal. A mine 2 miles n. w. of Butler, has a 3 feet seam of e'xcellent coal only 8 feet below the surface. 8^ miles n. w. of Butler is a mine which has been worked for a number of years, and has a 3 feet seam from 2 to 10 feet below the surface. The coal from this mine brings a higher price than any other in Butler, from blacksmiths. Two other mines of excel- lent coal are worked — one 6 miles n. w. and another 1 1 miles north of Butler. The Manufacturing Interests are noticed under the different towns where they are located. ^Vealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $8,000,000.* Railroads. — The Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad has 6 miles of track in the south-eastern part of the county. The Lexington, Lake & Gulf Railroad is graded and bridged through the county, north and south. The Exports are corn, wheat, oats, apples and stock; and it only needs a railroad to make coal a leading export. Educational, — The county has a school fund of $95,796.86. There are about 100 sub-school-districts, each having a commodious school house. Altona, 12 miles n. e. of Butler, laid out by Wm, Crawford January * Assessed valuation for 1873, J5, 552,011. Taxation, Jo. 70 per Jioo. BATES COUNTY. 57 29th, i860, is in the midst of a fine agricultural region, and has i public school, I Masonic hall, i flouring mill, and 3 stores. Population about 200. Burdett, on Mormon Creek, 15 miles n. w. of Butler, was laid out by Hon. S. S. Burdett, September 27, 1870. It has one public school, i saw-mill, and 5 stores. BUTLER, the county seat, is located at the center of the county, 1 8 miles n. w. of Rockville, the usual shipping point. The town was burned during the Civil War, but in 1866 the officers of the county returned to the site with the records, and two small houses were built, one for a court-house and one for a clerk's office. Since that time the town has been steadily rebuilding, and has a present population of 2,800. It has a handsome court-house, completed in 1872, costing ^35,000, 2 public schools, 4 churches — Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian and Cum- berland Presbyterian — 2 flouring-mills and i woolen factory, 7 dry goods, 6 grocery, 3 drug, 2 hardware stores, 2 hotels, 3 harness, 2 jewelry, 2 furni- ture, 3 tin and stove stores, 4 wagon shops, and 2 newspapers — The Democrat, published by Wade & Scudder, and The Record, published by- Austin & Stone. Chestnut Grove, a post-office, 16 miles s. w. of Butler. Coleville is a post-office 12 miles n. e. of Butler. Cove City is a post-office 17 miles n. e. of Butler. Crescent Hill, 12 miles n. of Butler, has i public school and 7 stores. Population about 300. Elkhart is a post-office 9 miles n. w. of Butler. Hudson is a post-office 13 miles s. e. of Butler. Johnstown, 16 miles n. e. of Butler, was surveyed by John Herbert in 1854, and has i public school, 2 hotels, i saw-mill and 5 stores. Population about 200. There is a valuable coal mine on the outskirts of the village. Lone Oak is a post-office 7 miles s. e. of Butler. Marvel is a post-office 11 miles s. w. of Butler. Mulberry is a post-office 14 miles n. w. of Butler. New Home is a post-office 11 miles s. w. of Butler. Papinville, 16 miles s. e. of Butler, at the head of navigation on the Osage River, was, until 1854, the county seat of Vernon County. There is a good wooden bridge across the river, i public school, i flouring and saw-mill, 3 wagon shops and 12 stores. Population about 550. Pleasant Gap, one of the oldest places in the county, was laid out by Joseph Smith. It is very beautifully situated, commanding a view of Papinville, Rockville, Prairie City and the timber of the Osage River. This place escaped fire during the war, and when the county government was re-organized it afforded a temporary shelter for the county records and officials. Prairie City, 18 miles s. e. of Butler, was laid out by J. N. Darand, 58 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL May 7, 1859, and was a thriving village until the location of Rockville, on the M., K. & T. R. R. Rich Hill is a post-office 10 miles s. w. of Butler. Rockville, 18 miles s. e. of Butler, on the M., K. & T. R. R., 67 miles from Sedalia, was laid out by the Rockville Town Co., November 15, 1870, and has a good stone public school-house and a number of business houses. Vinton is a post-office 12 miles n. w. of Butler. Virginia is a post-office 8 miles n. w. of Butler. Walnut Creek is a post-office 12 miles s. w. of Butler. \A*^est Point, 18 miles n. w. of Butler and j^ mile from the State Line^ was surveyed by Col. T. B. Arnett and Sidney Adams in 1843. ^^ that time it had a good trade with the Miami Indians west of the State Line. It was destroyed by fire during the war, but has since been rebuilt It has 5 stores. Population about 200. BENTON COUNTY, In the west-central part of the State, is bounded north by Pettis County, east by Morgan and Camden, south by Hickory, and west by St. Clair and Henry Counties, and contains 468,432 acres. Population in 1840, 4,205; in 1850, 5,015; in i860, 9,072; in 1870, 11,322; of whom 11,002 were white, and 320 colored; 5,850 male, and 5,472 female; 10,198 native (6,166 born in Missouri) and 1,124 foreign. History. — The county was settled mainly by emigrants from Ken- tucky, Virginia and Tennessee. Among the earliest were Bledsoe, Kin- kead and others, in 1834. Bledsoe's Ferry, on the Osage, was in early days a noted crossing on the road from Palmyra, through Boonville, to Fort Smith and the Cherokee Nation. The county was organized Jan. 3rd, 1835, the courts being held in a dwelling near Bledsoe's Ferry. Stephen Houser and others settled Osage, and a post-office was established there in 1836. The name was changed to Warsaw and the county seat located there in 1838. There originated in this county, about 1841, the Turk or Slicker War,* a feud between Hiram K. Turk, a slicker, and Howard Sutleff and others, anti-slickers, which was kept up by midnight thrashings and road-side assassinations, until the sympathies of nearly all in the vicinity were enlisted on one side or the other. Many bloody tragedies occurred, and the history of the "Turk War" has always possessed much romantic interest for the people of this part of the State. Little anxiety however was felt for the safety of person or property, outside of the leaders and their immediate partisans, as few others took any active part in the affair. It was terminated by the death or flight to Texas of those most prominent in it. During the late Civil War the whole community was thrilled with horror by the bloody affair at Cole Camp. The German residents of the vicinity- organized under Capt. Cook as friends of the Federal cause, and were encamped in and around barns about 2 miles east of Cole Camp. They * Parties of desperate character, such as sometimes flee from justice in better organized communities, established themselves among the hills in the vicinity of the new settlements and sallied forth to steal the horses from the settled portions of the State, as well as to prey upon the cattle, hogs and other property of the backswoodmen. The latter organized a vigilance committee known as " The Slickers " from their peculiar mode of administering punishment. Deciding that some one deserved chastisement, a committee was appointed to capture him. The offender was tied to a suitable tree, usually a black-jack, and " slicked" or whipped with hickory withes. He was then usually ordered to leave the county within a given time. Personal spite often actuated the slickers beyond, and sometimes contrary to, the demands of justice, and there was organized the " Anti-Slickers." These two powers made war against each other with savage cruelty, for there were honest but misguided men in both organizations, and each professed to be actuated by a desire to put down rascality and maintain the right. 6o CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL were surprised about daylight, June 19th, 1861, by two companies from Warsaw, who, knowing of the encampment, had marched all night for the purpose of attacking them. Over 100 of the Germans are said to have been killed — the remainder fleeing in every direction. The attacking party lost 6 or 7, among whom were some prominent citizens of Warsaw. No other event of the war produced such sorrow and dismay among the l^eople of Benton County, and the animosity of the Germans towards all who were engaged in the attack has scarcely yet died out. No other battle occurred in the county. The peace of the inhabitants, however, was so disturbed by bands of marauders and bushwhackers, that large numbers of them fled, mostly to other States, not returning to their homes until peace was established. In 1867-68 and '69 large numbers immigrated to the county, and since then the influx has been moderate but steady. Physical Features. — The general character of the county is broken — about one-third being undulating prairie, the remainder, rough timber land. The northern portion is principally prairie, and the central, along the Osage River, is broken and hilly, with excellent timber and extensive bottoms, some of which are under a good state of cultivation. The Osage River flows centrally through this county from west to east. The large streams of Pomnie de Terre and Grand River, Big Tebo and Cole Camp Creeks, flow into the Osage through the county ; Big Tebo entering Grand River 4 miles above its junction with the Osage. Little Tebo, Brush and Bear Creeks flow through the county from the north, and Hogle's Creek, Little Pomme de Terre, Turkey and Deer Creeks from the south. These creeks are good-sized streams. All the water courses of the county are filled with beautiful clear water, except Grand River and Big Tebo, which are generally muddy. The head-waters of Flat, Lake and Haw Creeks, tributaries of the La Mine, are also in Benton. The bottom lands along the streams are alluvial deposits, and well adapted to agriculture. The Clark Sulphur Springs, 4 miles, and the White Sulphur Springs, 10 miles from Warsaw, are favorite summer resorts, although as yet no com- modious buildings have been erected. The waters are highly esteemed for their medicinal properties, and every summer, parties from a distance in large numbers come to derive benefit from the waters, and enjoy the novelty of camp life. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats and stock. Fruit-culture is receiving more attention, the small fruits succeeding admirably. There are about 50,000 acres of Government land and some Agricultural College lands still for sale in the county. Mineral Resources. — This county is situated in the midst of one of the great iron-bearing districts into which the State is divided by Prof. Pumpelly's Report on the Geology of Missouri. The existence of iron BENTON COUNTY. 6i was not generally known to the people of the county until 1872. Since then many valuable beds have been found. Scattering particles of ore are found in many places where digging does not develop any masses. There are probably as many as 100 ore-beds in the county — many of these of great richness. The ore is mainly brown hematite, but red hematite and blue specular ores are also found, the former in considerable quantities. Capitalists are now prospecting for new banks and developing those known, and Benton will undoubtedly soon take rank as one of the great iron-producing counties of the State. Lead has long been known to exist in many places in the county, and has to some extent been mined for market. New discoveries are con- stantly being made, but seldom in sufficient quantities to warrant mining. There is also in Benton an abundance of building stone and sand, also clay for brick. The Manufacturing Interests of Benton County are yet in abey- ance, though there are rich natural deposits and fine water power — plenty of fuel and excellent timber. There are 4 flouring and 7 saw-mills, also a mill recently erected on Grand River for cutting out timber for wagons, plows, etc. These, with those noted under the different towns and the usual complement of wagon, blacksmith and other shops, constitute the present manufactories of Benton. ^A«^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $4,000,000.* Railroads. — 24 miles of the Osage Valley & Southern Kansas R. R. are graded from Warsaw to a point east of Cole Camp. This railroad is projected to Versailles in Morgan County, from which point it is graded to Tipton on the Mo. R R. R. The debt of ;^ 165, 000 is part of ;^ 200,000 of bonds issued for this road. The Exports are wheat, stock, and prospectively iron. Education. — The public school system has been fully organized, good houses built, competent teachers employed, and the schools are in a prosperous condition. According to the returns of 1872, there were in the county 5,014 children of school age, 85 teachers, and 71 school-houses. Cloverdale, a post-office 14 miles n. w. of Warsaw. Cole Camp, 20 miles n. e. of Warsaw, on the O. V. & S. K. R. R., laid out by Blakey & Brother in 1857, has i church, i hotel, 5 stores, and I flouring and i saw-mill. The country south is timbered ; on the north, east and west it is a fine undulating prairie. Dell Delight, a post-office 7 miles s. e. of Warsaw. Duroc, a post-office 17 miles e. of Warsaw. Fairfield, on the Pomme de Terre River, 8 miles s. of Warsaw, con- tains 2 stores, and 2 saw and grist-mills. Population about 75. ♦Assessed valuation for 1873, ^2,820,813. Bonded debt, ^165,000. Floating debt, a few warrants. Taxation, $1.79 per ^100. 62 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL Fort Lyon, a p. o. 19 m. n. w. of Warsaw an4 8 m. s. of Windsor. Garrett's Mill, on Grand River, 3^ miles n. e. of Warsaw, does a large business in sawing, planing, hub and spoke manufacturing, etc. Haw Creek, 22 miles n. e. of Warsaw, contains i general store. Heimsath's Store. — See Lake Creek. Kreizel's Mill, a post-office 15 miles n. e. of Warsaw. Lake Creek (Heimsath's Store), a post-office 24 miles n. e. of Warsaw. Lincoln, 13 miles n. of Warsaw and 15 miles s. e. of Windsor, has 3 stores, I saddle-tree manufactory, and i grist-mill. Population about 100. Mount View, 13 miles s. e. of Warsaw, has i general store. WARSAW, the county seat, on the left bank of the Osage River, is 38 miles from Sedalia and 24 miles from Windsor (on the M. K. & T. R. R.). It has a population of about 500, contains 2 churches — valued at $1,200 each, I hotel, i public school-house, i bank, 15 stores, i carding machine, i flouring and i saw-mill and 2 newspapers — The Times, S. W. Smith, publisher, and The Benton County Democrat, Ben. R. Lingle, editor and publisher. BOLI.INGER COUNTY, In the south-eastern part of the State, and bounded north by Perry County, east by Cape Girardeau, south by Stoddard and Wayne, and west by Wayne and Madison Counties, contains 381,081 acres. Population in i860, 7,371; in 1870, 8,162; of whom 8,116 were white, and 46 colored; 4,135 male, and 4,027 female; 7,823 native (5,677 born in Missouri) and 339 foreign. History. — Bollinger County was settled in 1800 by North Carolinians, and organized from parts of Cape Girardeau and Wayne, March i, 185 1, and named in honor of Maj. Bollinger, one of the early settlers, proverbial for his honesty and generosity — many of whose descendants still live in the county. There were two engagements in this county during the late Civil War; one in 1861 near Patton, and one in 1863 near Marble Hill (then Dallas), besides several skirmishes between scouting parties, and many murders and robberies by guerrillas. Physical Features. — The general surface of the county is broken and hilly, and in one part — Turkey Hill — mountainous, and is thoroughly drained by Castor, Big White, Water and Little White Water Rivers, and Crooked, Hurricane and Perkins Creeks. The soil is rich, and the land well timbered with oak, ash, hickory, walnut, cottonwood and pine. Many relics of the Indians still remain, such as mounds, granite toma- hawks, flint spikes, etc. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, tobacco, sorghum, and the various grasses, all of which yield abundantly. Apples, peaches, plums, pears, apricots, grapes, and all of the small fruits do well. But few farmers in this region have as yet given their attention to fruit-growing. There are in the county small amounts of Government and swamplands, and Hon. Thos. Allen has about 14,000 acres for sale on liberal terms.* Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $2, 106, 000. f The Mineral Resources of this county have not been developed, but it gives promise of being very rich in iron, lead, zinc, clays and ochres. Kaolin used in the manufacture of porcelain ware, cornish stone for the manufacture of ironstone china ware, pipe clay and fire clay, have been discovered in large quantities. Hematite iron ore is being mined and shipped extensively. * For full particulars see Appendix — Page t Assessed valuation in 1873, ^1,709,001. Floating debt about J2, 500. 64 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL The Manufacturing Interests are chiefly confined to three steam and four water-power flouring-mills, and a number of saw mills. Railroads. — The Iron Mountain Railroad traverses the county from north to south, a distance of almost 20 miles, affording easy and speedy access to market. There are about 4 miles of the Illinois, Missouri & Texas Railway projected across the south-eastern corner of the county. The Educational Interests are taken care of in 45 sub-districts,, all of which are supplied with public schools at least 4 months each year. There are 50 churches in the county, consisting of Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, Christian, Episcopal, and Roman Catholic. Bessville, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 9 miles n. w. of Marble Hill, has I store, and is a shipping point for a considerable quantity of choice lumber. Bollinger's Mill, 16 miles s, of Marble Hill, has a large flouring-mil. and I store. Buchanan, a post-office 18 miles s. w, of Marble Hill, has i store. Castor, a post-office 16 miles w. of Marble Hill. DoUes Mills, 22 miles n. of Marble Hill, in a rich agricultural region,. contains a large water-power flouring-mill and i store. Glen Allen, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 3 miles n. w. of Marble Hill, has I store. Laflin, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 5 miles s. e. of Marble Hill, has I store, and is an important shipping point for railroad timber. Lutesville, on the St. L. «& I. M. R. R., 133 miles from St. Louis, and within a mile s. w. of Marble Hill, is a thriving village, containing i church — Methodist — i public school building, i newspaper — The Herald ^ T. S. Adams, publisher ; i hotel, i iron furnace in course of construction, I carriage and i stave factory, and about half a dozen stores. Population, including Slaybaugh's addition, about 900. MARBLE HILL, the county seat, built upon a hill of the same name just above the confluence of Hurricane and Crooked Creeks, near the centre of the county, was located under the name of Dallas, in 1852, and incorporated as Marble Hill in 1868. Its high elevation renders it free from any malaria that may arise from the low lands near it. It contains a church, public school building and court-house, i newspaper — the Standard, D. A. Burton, publisher; i steam saw and grist-mill, i carriage factory, i paint mill, one fair hotel several shops and about half a dozen stores. Population, about 500. Patton, 15 miles n. w. of Marble Hill, has i store. Sedwickville, 18 miles n. e. of Marble Hill, has 2 stores. Vinemont, about 5 miles s. e. of Marble Hill, in the centre of a German settlement, has i store and a Catholic church. a BOONE COUNTY, In the north-central part of the State, is bounded north by Randolph and Audrain Counties, east by Audrain and Callaway, south by Cole and Moniteau, and west by Cooper and Howard Counties, and contains 430,600 acres. Population in 1821, 3,692; in 1830, 8,859; i^ 1840, 13,561; in 1850, 14,979; ^^ i860, 19,486; in 1870, 20,765, of whom 16,727 were white, and 4,038 colored; 10,420 male and 10,345 female; 20,439 native (14,990 born in Missouri) and 326 foreign. History. — The first settlement, in what is now Boone County, was made in 1812-13, at what a few years afterwards was called "Thrall's Prairie," by John Berry and Reuben Gentry; the latter was the father of Gen. Wm. Gentry, of Pettis Co. In 1815, immediately following the treaty by which the Indians relinquished all their country in Missouri Territory, north of the river. Robert Hinkson, William Callaham, William Graham, Reuben and Henry Cave located along the old '* Boone's Lick" trail, or old St. Charles Road, leading from St, Louis to Old Franklin, which was made by Benjamin Cooper and others in 18 10. In 1 8 16, Augustus Thrall, Dr. Geo. B. Wilcox, Tyre Harris, Overton Harris, Anderson Woods, Wm. Leintz, the Wilhites and others settled on what is now Thrall's Prairie, in the western part of the county. These settlers are remembered as the honest and substantial pioneers of Boone, and are now represented by a line of worthy descendants, who have nobly devel- oped the work of civilization and progress, which their courage and energy inaugurated. The years 181 7 and 1818 witnessed a great influx of population to the "Boone's Lick Country," as all Central Missouri was then familiarly called. The immigrants were a solid class of people, who possessed the intelligence to perceive the undeveloped resources and bright future of Missouri, and the heroism to overcome the difficulties in its attainment. These early settlers were mainly from Kentucky (principally Madison county), Virginia, Tennessee and North Carolina. Of late years all sections of the Union have been represented, and a cordial reception awaits the honest immigrant. The county was organized from Howard, November i6th, 1820, and named in honor of Daniel Boone. The county seat was located at Smithton, i mile west of the present Columbia court-house, and named in honor of General T. A. Smith. The first county court was held February 23d, 1821, with officers as follows : Anderson Woods, Lazarus Wilcox and Peter Wright, justices; and Warren Woodson, clerk. The first circuit court was held at 66 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL Smithton, beneath the branches of a sugar maple, on April 2nd, 1821 : David Todd, judge; Roger N. Todd, clerk; Overton Harris, sheriff; Hamilton R. Gamble, circuit-attorney. The county seat was removed from Smithton to Columbia, November 15th, 182 1, on account of a failure in digging wells to strike veins of water in the former place. The first circuit court held in Columbia, was December 7th, 1821. The first election in the county was on August 5th, 1822, at which 557 votes were polled. Physical Features. — About 76,800 acres of the county is beautiful undulating prairie, and the remainder 353,800 acres is timber land, which is rolling, except that along the creeks and the Missouri River, which is hilly. The timber is mainly white oak, sycamore, cottonwood, black and white ash, hackberry, linn, black and white walnut, maple, birch, cherry, elm, white and shell-bark hickory, honey locust, box elder and sassafras. Along the bluffs red cedar grows to perfection. The most valuable kinds of timber are still abundant. Boone is well watered. Cedar Creek in the east is a part of the eastern boundary line between Boone and Callaway, and empties into the Mis- souri about 3 miles below the south-east corner of the county. Petite Bonne Femme (Little Good Woman) rises near the center of the county and flows in a south-easterly direction to the Missouri. The Roche Percee (Pierced Rock), the most important stream in the county, rises on Grand Prairie in the extreme northern part, flows southward receiving on the east, Hinkson, Rocky Fork, Silver Fork, Graves' Fork, and on the west Lick's Fork and Sugar Creek, so called from the sugar maples on its banks. The Moniteau, or river of the " Great Spirit," inter, locks its head waters with those of the Roche Percee, forming a por^ tion of the western boundary, and empties into the Missouri River near Rocheport. The larger streams, though rapid and containing a great quantity of water when swollen by heavy rains, are not, ordinarily, reliable as water powers. There is no richer soil in the State than can be found in Boone County. It is diverse in character, and is adapted to the growth of all products known to the latitude. Professor G. C. Swallow enumerates the various soils of the county as follows: "The Elm, Resin Weed, Hickory and Equivalent Prairie, the White Oak and the Magnesian Limestone lands. The Elm lands abound, near Thrall's Prairie, in the west, and the Hickory lands around Colum- bia and between that city and Rocheport the White Oak lands in the south-east, west and north-west. The rich bottom lands have been greatly diminished in the last thirty years by the treacherous encroach- ments of the Missouri River, and, unless saved by artificial means, will all finally be swept away." BOONE COUNTY. 67 All the cereals are cultivated with great success. The farming com. munity are very prosperous as a rule. Many farmers within a few years have amassed fortunes, relying alone on the marketable products of the soil and raising of stock. About 7 miles north-west from Columbia is Conner's Cave, the entrance of which is 20 feet wide and 8 feet high, which has been penetrated for several miles. A short distance above Rocheport are high cliffs of rocks, containing Indian hieroglyphics and numerous caves and springs. There is a natural bridge of considerable interest at Rockbridge, or McConathy's Mills, 6 miles south from Columbia, and in the southern part of the county there are numerous Indian mounds. On the University grounds at Columbia is a mineral spring possessing superior medicinal qualities. The analysis of one gallon of the water by Paul Schweitzer, Professor of Analytical Chemistry in the Univer- sity, gives the following result : silicic acid, 1.458 grains ; alumina, 0.787; sulphate of lime, 95.777; sulphate of magnesia, 31.342; sul- phate of soda, 16.224; bi-carbonate of lime, 14.527; bi-carbonate of iron, 5.505; carbonic acid (free), 15.517; organic matter, 0.073; total, 181.210. The free carbonic acid, as found in the water, amounts to 32.147 cubic inches. This favorable showing must, in course of time, render this spring a frequent resort for invalids. Agricultural Productions.— The various soils of the county are adapted to the growth of corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, beans, potatoes, sorghum, hemp and tobacco ; the latter principally of a coarse quality. Much of the land is adapted to grape-culture, and this branch of business is largely on the increase. Great numbers of new vineyards are being planted every year, and soon the wine product will be an important item. This is the home of blue grass ; it often keeps one-fourth as much stock through the winter as in summer. During the summer, with the blue grass there is a fine growth of white clover, which is indigenous to the soil. The advantages which Boone possesses for the shipment of stock and produce, with the great Missouri on its south-western boundary, its rail- road connections, and its 60 miles of splendid turnpike, are not sur- passed by those of any county in the State. A few Alderneys have been imported, and many short-horned cattle are annually reared in the county. Many of the leading farmers are turning their attention in this direction. Great improvement has been made in hogs, by the importation of Berk- shire, Essex, Suffolk and the mixed breeds, Poland-China and Chester White. Cotswold, Leicester, Southdown and Merino sheep have been imported, and great improvement effected thereby. The " Prize Model Farm " of the State is on Thralls Prairie, and owned by Hon. John W. Harris, a son of one of the first settlers. 68 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL Good farming and stock-raising lands, accessible to market and well- improved, sell at from ;g2o to ;^3o per acre. The best quality of land sells at from ;^4o to ^50 per acre. Mineral Resources. — But little has been done toward the discovery and development of the mineral resources of the county. Coal is the most important mineral product, and its development is increasing. More than one-half the northern part of the county is underlaid with superior coal, which generally lies near the surface. There are five beds, varying in thickness from one to five feet, and producing block coal, valuable for smelting iron, also a gas coal, nearly equal to that of Pitts- burg. Of other minerals, hydraulic limestone, fire clay, potters' and brick clay, limestone and sandstone suitable for building purposes, sand and limes for cements and gravel for roads and streets, all abound in large and superior quantities. Iron ores of fine quality are also found in several places. Lead has been found, but its extent is unknown. Sulphur also exists in considerable quantities. The Manufacturing Interests, aside from the country flouring and saw-mills, consist of tobacco, wagon and woolen factories, and are noticed under the different towns. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $15,000,000.* Railroads. — The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W. traverses one-half of the northern border of the county, having 12 miles of track. A branch of this road, 22 miles in length, connects Columbia with the main road at Centralia. To aid in the construction of these roads, the citizens of the county subscribed $325,000. They also subscribed $50,000 to aid the Louisiana & Mo. River R. R., which has been sur- veyed and graded through the county from east to west, Boone County has 4 excellent turnpike roads radiating from her county seat — one to Rocheport, west, distance 13 miles; one to Rocky Fork Church, in the north-western portion of the county, distance 7 miles; one east to the Callaway border, distance 10 miles, and one to Claysville on the Missouri River, via Ashland, in the south-eastern part of the county, distance 28 miles. The principal streams are bridged, and the roads are kept in splendid condition, and through them the farmer has, at every season of the year, a ready and easy market communication. The Exports are corn, wheat, rye, oats, tobacco, fruit and stock. Educational Interests. — The public schools of this county are in a flourishing condition. There are in the county 115 sub-districts, 113 school-houses, valued at $60,910, furniture worth $4,260; 8,981 children of school age, 5,671 attending school, and 136 teachers. The annual cost of the public schools is about $38,000. There are also a number of ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $7,164,284. Taxation, ^1.35 per Jioo. Bonded debt, ^383,600. Rocky Fork and Percle Township have $50,000 bonded debt for the L. & M. R. R. R. Betw^een 1866 and 1874 the county paid $45,900 on bonds and interest, which promptness places it in excellent credit. BOONE COUNTY. 69 excellent private schools and colleges noticed under the different towns, and the University of Missouri and Agricultural College described under heading of Columbia. Ashland, 14 miles e. s. e. of Columbia, in the center of a rich farming country, has a wagon manufactory, i church — Baptist, i public school, several stores, and a brisk trade. Population 300. Brown's, on the Col. Branch of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. R., 8 miles n. of Columbia. Burlington, near the Missouri River, 18 miles s. of Columbia and 14 miles n. w. of Cedar- City, has a few stores. Bush's, on the Columbia Branch of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. R., 6 miles n. of Centralia. Centralia, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. R., 122 miles from St. Louis, at the junction of the Columbia Branch, beautifully situated on the dividing ridge between the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers, was laid out in May, 1857, incorporated in 1867, and is surrounded by a beauti- ful, fertile and well cultivated prairie. It contains an excellent public school and several private ones, i newspaper, The Guard, published by Adam Rodemyre, 2 churches — Christian and M. E. Ch. South, 3 hotels, I wagon-shop, i hay-press, i lumber-yard, i flouring-mill, and about a dozen stores. The famous " Bill Anderson Massacre," of September 28th, 1864, occurred at Centralia. Population about 700. Clays villa, near the Missouri River, 6 miles n. w. of Cedar City, and 28 miles s. e. of Columbia, contains a few stores. COLUMBIA, the county seat and principal city, on the Colum- bia Branch of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W. , 22 miles s. of Centralia (junction), is located in a rich and healthy region of timber, near the center of the county. It is one of the most delightful places in the State, its streets being regularly laid out, many of them nicely paved and shaded with beautiful trees. The business houses are gener- ally substantial brick buildings, some of them elegant and imposing. Its outskirts are bordered with fine lawns, in which stand elegant residences. The enterprise, culture and intelligence of the people of Columbia have won for it the honored and classic title of "The Athens of Missouri." It is the acknowledged seat of learning of the State, and bases its prospects and its hopes chiefly on its educational interests. For such reason it will necessarily continue to be the abode of much refinement and wealth. The State University, located at this place, is the most prominent educa- tional institution in Missouri. It was established by an act of the Legislature in 1839, upon an endowment made in 1820 by Congress, in the form of two townships of land, known as the "Seminary Lands.'* This endowment had grown by accumulation to the value of ;^ioo,ot)0, when the institution was founded. The present endowment is about 70 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 1^223,000. The citizens of Boone County contributed tlie generous sum of ^117,500 as a bonus for the location of the University at Columbia. The first president was J. H. Lathrop, LL. D., elected in 1840. The present incumbent, Daniel Read, LL. D., was elected in 1S66. The supervision of the University is vested in a Board of Curators, who are appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate ; and upon this Board devolves the duty of selecting the president, professors and tutors. The University contains a library of 7,000 volumes, a cabinet with 120,000 specimens, and an edifice erected by private subscription at a cost of ^85,000. The University embraces at present in its group of schools, besides the regular academic course, a preparatory school, an agricultural college, a college of normal instruction, a school of mines and a law and medical school. All these schools are located at Columbia, except the school of mines, which is at Rolla, Phelps County. The advantages of the University are extended to women on equal terms with men. All resident youth in the State, upon the payment of an entrance fee of ten dollars, are entitled to the benefits of the University, except in the strictly professional schools. Christian College, for young ladies, under the patronage of the Christian denomination, is a flourishing institution, justly celebrated for its able management as well as for the culture and proficiency of its pupils. Annual attendance about 200. President, Elder J. K. Rogers. Stephens College, for young ladies, under the patronage of the Baptist denomination, was located here in 1870, and named in honor of Hon. James L. Stephens, who gave it a munificent endowment. It is not surpassed in the State as a seminary for young ladies. It has a liberal patronage from Missouri and other States. President, Rev. E. S. Dulin, D. D.,LL. D. There are also numerous other schools, well conducted and in a prosperous condition. There are 7 churches — Baptist, Christian, Presbyterian, M. E. Ch., Episcopal, and colored Baptist and colored Methodist. There are two newspapers. The Staiesjnan, published by Wm. F. Switzler, was established in 1843, ^^^1, except the Missoini Republican, is the oldest newspaper in the State; and The Herald, published by E. W. Stephens, is one of the leading papers in central Missouri ; also two monthly papers, the University Missourian, published by the students of the State University, and the Chaplet, published by the students of Stephens College. The Masonic fraternity is represented by large lodges of the various branches of their order, and the Odd Fellows have a lodge of about 100 members which is increasing rapidly. The ground on which Columbia now stands, was purchased at the Government Land sale, November 14th, i8i8,by the Smithton company, who, in 1 81 9 laid out Smithton, one mile west of the present Columbia court house, but failing to find water in that locality, the town was BOONE COUNTY. 71 transferred to the present site of Columbia in 182 1, and it was incorpor- ated the next year. The population of Columbia was in 1823, 130; 1835, 700; 1840, 770; 1848, 1,008; 1850, 1,022; 1852, 1,139; i860, 1,541; 1868, 2,501; 1870, 2,954; 1874 (estimated), 3,500. The city- contains 2 banks, 2 hotels, i flouring-mill, r saw-mill, i woolen-mill, 2 wagon and plow manufactories, i pork-packing house, i carriage manu- factory, 3 lumber yards, i flower store and green-house, i brewery, and about 40 stores, with the usual number of shops and smaller industries. Dripping Springs, a p, o. 9 miles n. w. of Columbia. Eureka, ©n the Missouri River, 20 miles s. of Columbia, contains a few stores. Hallsville, (Hickman,) on the Col. Branch of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 9 miles s. of Centralia, is a good business point. Pop. about 60. Harrisburgh, 16 miles n. w. of Columbia, and surrounded by a fine farming country, is on the line of the proposed L. & Mo. River R. R. Population about 100. Hickman. — See Hallsville. Mid^way, a p. o. 7 miles w. of Columbia. Persinger, on the Col. Branch of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W,, is 17 miles s. of Centralia. Providence, on the Missouri River, 10 miles s. of Columbia, has several good stores, and a shipping business of considerable consequence. Rocheport, on the Missouri River, 14 miles w. of Columbia, sur- rounded by a fine country, is substantially built upon an old " New Madrid claim;" it was laid out in 1825, and for a time promised to be the city of the interior. It contains i three-story brick high-school build- ing, which is usually conducted with ability and well attended, 3 churches — Baptist, Christian and Methodist. The society in Rocheport is far above the average of that of towns of similar size. The splendid agricultural country adjoining, and the ferry across the Missouri, make it a thriving business place, and one of the best shipping points on the Missouri River. It contains i large tobacco factory, i large steam flouring-mill, 3 wagon and plow factories, i tannery, i carding-machine, I pottery, i bank, 12 stores, etc. Population, about 1,000. Stephens, on the Col. Branch of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 16 miles s. w. of Centralia. Sturgeon, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 7 miles w. of Cen- tralia, the center of a rich and thickly settled country, has a population of about 700 enterprising people, who have established good public schools and the Sturgeon Academy. This place was named in honor of Hon. Isaac H. Sturgeon. It has i newspaper — The Leader, published by Thos. S. Carter, and 3 churches — Christian, Catholic and Methodist, 2 hotels, I flouring-mill, i lumber-yard, and about 12 stores. Youngers, a p. o. 8 miles s. e. of Hallsville. BUCHANAN COUNTY, In the north-western part of the State, is bounded north by Andrew County, east by DeKalb and Clinton, south by Platte, and west by the Missouri River, which separates it from Kansas, and contains 272,329 acres. Population in 1840, 6,237; in 1850, 12,975; in i860, 23,861; in 1870,35,109; of whom 33,155 were white, and 1,953 colored ; 195I75 male, and 15,934 female; 28,796 native (15,495 born in Missouri) and 6,313 foreign. History.' — The first white person who visited what is now Buchanan County, was Joseph Robidoux, Sr., of French descent, in 1799. His connection with the American Fur Company induced him to locate, in 1803, near the confluence of the Black Snake Creek with the Missouri River, where, for 33 years, he remained as a fur-trader among the Indians. In the selection of his building spot, he evinced the same shrewdness and good taste which has characterized the location of the more intelligent settlers throughout the West. He chose a plain having an area of several miles, surrounded by mound-shaped bluffs so artistic- ally arranged, and so beautifully diversified in shape and size as to resemble more the work of art than that of nature. The most prominent of these bluffs is " King Hill," which has indications of having formerly been used as a place of burial by the Indians. Mr. Robidoux' s keen perception, and his knowledge of the character of the surrounding country, convinced him that this was a choice location, and as he viewed the adjacent territory and considered its central locality, and looked forward to what he deemed the future demands of the country, he was more and more pleased with the location he had selected. Many years — long weary years, no doubt, to the solitary man — passed before anything but the little clearing and log cabin of a single pioneer designated the present site of the city of St. Joseph. Eventually others came and settled thereabouts, but the immigration was limited until after the "Platte Purchase." In 1836, Congress annexed to the State of Missouri that part of the then Indian Territory since known as the "Platte Purchase," and now com- prising the counties of Atchison, Andrew, Buchanan, Holt, Nodaway, and Platte; and in 1837, by treaty with the Indians, removed them west of the Missouri, leaving the newly acquired territory completely in pos- session of the "pale faces." The county was organized Feb. loth, 1839, and the first county court was held April ist, 1839, in the log house of 74 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. Richard Hill, who, with Wm. Harrington and Samuel Johnson, were county judges. Their first order was the appointment as county clerk of Wm. Fowler, a resident of the then Black Snake Hills, now the city of St. Joseph, The first circuit court of the district was held at the log house of Joseph Robidoux, July 15th, 1839. Hon. Austin A, King, afterwards Governor of Missouri, presiding; P. H. Burnett, circuit attorney; Edwia Toole, now of St. Joseph, clerk; and S. M. Gilmore, sheriff. The only resident attorney at that time was Gen. Andrew Hughes. The county seat was located near the centre of the county, May 25th, 1840, on a quarter section of land selected by the county commissioners, and called Sparta. The first court-house at this place was built of logs and completed in 1843 ^^ a cost of ^300, and is now occupied (1874)1 as a dwelling house. Soon the fame of the " Platte Country " spread far and wide, and scarce a day passed without the arrival of new-comers, to make their homes upon the newly-acquired territory. In 1843, ^^- Robidoux became the pro- prietor of the present site of St. Joseph — land which he had occupied for years ; and to supply the imperative and increasing demands of the rapidly growing community, he proceeded to lay out a village, which is now shown on the city map as the " Original Town." The new place increased rapidly in population and importance, and in 1845 received a charter. In 1846 the county seat was removed to St. Joseph and soon after the records and officials followed, and most of the buildings and people of Sparta, the site of which has since been abandoned. There remains only an old church, the old court-house and hotel to mark the place, while its successful rival now numbers nearly 30,000 inhabitants. Physical Features. — This county is agreeably diversified with hill and dale, high and steep bluffs, low and gentle declivities and gently- undulating surfaces. Along the north line there are wide bottoms rising by very gentle slopes into the neighboring hills. The country drained by the Platte River and its tributaries is mostly gently undulating, with low hills near the streams. But nearer the Missouri Bluffs the hills seem higher, or, more properly speaking, the streams cut deeper and the slopes are more steep. The bluffs on the interior streams are from 50 to 60 feet in height. The Missouri Bluffs near the north county line are about 145 feet high, and appear to retain about that elevation, sometimes higher and sometimes lower, until they pass southward to St. Joseph. King Hill, 2 miles south, is 255 feet above the bottoms. There is a bluff about 8 miles south-west of St. Joseph which is 310, and one between 3 and 4 miles east of Winthrop 250 feet high. The other bluffs along the river are lower. The tops of these hills are probably of the same elevation as most of the interior upland. The Missouri Bottoms are wide, flat, and seldom marshy — nine-tenths of them being arable. BUCHANAN COUNTY. 75 The Missouri, in a tortuous course, washes the western boundary, and receives Black Snake, Maiden, Contrary, Lost, and some minor creeks. The Platte traverses the east-central part of the county from north to south, receiving from the west One Hundred And Two River, Bee Creek and smaller streams, and from the east Third Fork of Platte, Castile Creek, etc. Contrary Creek is so named as it runs near and nearly parallel with the Missouri River, but in an opposite direction. There are many good springs in the county, the streams are clear, and an abundance of good water can be easily reached by digging. Lakes form an important feature of this county. Contrary Lake, 5 miles south-west of St. Joseph, fed by Contrary Creek, is a considerable body of water, in shape some like a half-circle, half a mile wide and nearly 6 miles in length. This lake affords an abundance of perch, black bass and other fish for the St. Joseph market. It is also a pleasant resort for fisher sportsmen and residents of the city. Horseshoe, Muskrat, Lost, Singleton, Prairie, Sugar, and Mark's Lakes are also found in this county in the townships bordering on the Missouri River. Sugar Lake contains also an abundance of fish. The eastern and northern portions of the county near and on the "divide " consist mostly of prairie or of thickets covering what was formerly prairie. The country near Platte River, for several miles east and west, also most of the southern and western portions of the county, are heavily timbered. The timber on the Platte River and its tributaries is oak, walnut, elm and hackberry ; on the Missouri Bottoms it is mostly elm, cottonwood and hackberry, and on the bluffs and uplands, oak, walnut, hickory, linn, ash, elm and maple. The "Platte Country" has a world-wide fame for its fertility ; the deep soil producing all kinds of grains, grasses, fruits and vegetables found in this latitude. King Hill, situated about 2 miles south of St. Joseph, is celebrated as a battle ground, fort and burying place of the Indians, who, only a few years ago, were the lords of this region. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, barley, hogs and live stock, for staples ; with considerable amounts of hemp, grapes, apples, peaches and small fruits. The wine and grape interests are considerable. Several persons have large vineyards, and not less than six have recently engaged in the manufacture of wines of excellent quality. The exportation of wine from this point will assume commercial importance in the early future. Con- cord and catawba grapes are the choice varieties. The Mineral Resources so far as developed, consist of an abundance of building stone and brick clay, with indications of coal. Manufacturing Interests.— Aside from saw and flour mills in every township, the manufacturing interests receive but little attention, except in St. Joseph. However, the county has timber, streams and many facilities which invite capital and skilled labor to engage in the work of establish- 76 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL ing manufactories. The attention of the people is now turned in the direction of manufacturing as a sure means of increasing the value of lands and farm products. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $20,000,000,* Railroads. — A glance at a good map will give an idea of St. Joseph as a railroad centre. First, the Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. extends east across the State. The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W. gives direct communication with St. Louis. The Atchison Branch of H. & St. J. R. R. leads to Atchison, Kansas. The Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs R. R. extends south to Kansas City, north to Council Bluffs, and via Hopkins, on the Iowa State line, opens a direct route to Chicago. The St. Joseph & Denver City R. R. extends west into Kansas and Nebraska, connecting with the Union Pacific at Fort Kearney. The Atchison & Nebraska R. R. at Troy, with the Missouri Pacific ; the Atchison & Topeka and the Central Branch of the Union Pacific at Atchison, have also direct communication with the city, over the great iron bridge at St. Joseph. These make St. Joseph, in fact, the centre of 1 1 railways. Other roads are in contemplation, as the St. Joseph & Texas Railway, a road on the west bank of the river to Omaha, and the Chicago & Burlington R, R. now completed except about 60 miles. The Exports are mainly corn, wheat, cattle, hogs, tobacco, hemp and manufactured articles, among which are starch, furniture, wagons, and agricultural implements. Educational. — J. T. Riley, superintendent of schools, reports 72 organized sub-districts in the county, outside of St. Joseph. The schools generally are in a flourishing condition, and the people are alive to the needs and interests of education. Churches also are situated in each township, and the spirit manifested in behalf of learning and religion indi- cates a just appreciation of a high social and moral standard. Agency, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 12 miles s. e. of St. Joseph, at the crossing of the Platte River, is a thriving town of about 700 inhabit- ants. It was formerly an Indian Agency and point for the distribution of Indian annuities, hence its name. It contains a steam flouring and steam saw-mill, and several stores. The Platte River can here be utilized for manufacturing purposes. Arnoldsville, a post-office 15 miles s. e. of St. Joseph. Bridgeport, on the Platte River, 8 miles e. from St. Joseph. DeKalb (formerly Bloomington), on the C, R. I. & P. R. R., 11 miles east of Winthrop and the same distance s. w. of St. Joseph, contains about 600 inhabitants. Easton, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 12 miles east of St. Joseph, con- tains about 600 inhabitants. The Batmcr, Times, and Observer is pub- lished here by David Loudon. ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $12,800,727. Taxation, $2.is»per $100. Bonded debt, f 400,000. BUCHANAJ^ COUNTY. 77 Eveline.— (Hall), is a p. o. on the K. C, St. J. & C. B, R. R., 11 miles s. w. of St. Joseph. Frazer (Jordon, Rock House Prairie), on the St. L., K.^C. & N. R. W., 15 miles s. e. of St. Joseph, has a store, a few shops, etc. Garrettsburgh, is a p. o. on the Platte River, 8 miles s. e. of St. Joseph. GofFsville is on the One Hundred And Two River, 5 miles e. of St. Joseph. Hall.— See Eveline. Halleck (formerly Taos), 14 miles s. of St. Joseph, has about 250 inhabitants. Jeanette (Wallace), a station on the C, R. I. & P. R. R., 16 miles s. of St. Joseph. Jordan. — See Frazer. Lake Station, on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 4 miles s. of St. Joseph, has a glue factory. • Matney, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 7 miles s. e. of St. Joseph, is a flag station. Platte River, a post-office 18 miles s. e. of St. Joseph, contains an excellent water-power flour and saw-mill, and i store. Rockhouse Prairie. — See Frazer. Rushville, on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 15 miles s. w. of St. Joseph, and on the C, R. I. & P. R. R., 5 miles n. e. of Winthrop, is a vigorous town of about 500 inhabitants, and is the oldest village in the county. ST. JOSEPH, the county seat, named in honor of its founder, Joseph Robidoux, is beautifully situated on an undulating plain in a bend of the Missouri River, 545 miles from its mouth, 310 miles from St. Louis by railroad and 565 by river. Up to 1843, St. Joseph contained only two log houses and a small frame flouring mill, situated on Black Snake Creek. Joseph Robidoux allowed no settlers upon his claim till he obtained his title to 160 acres of land in May, 1843. He laid off" the town in the June following, and had a sale of lots in September. He then sold inside lots at the uniform price of ^100 and corner lots at ^150 each. At the close of 1845 the town contained about 600 inhabitants. The first store after Mr. Robidoux's was opened in a log house, by Elias Perry and A. M. Saxton, in the summer of 1843, with a stock of assorted merchandise worth ^3,000. The first postmaster, Fred. Smith, in 1843, carried the mail in his hat — postage 25 cents. The first frame dwelling and store house was built by Julius C. Robidoux, 1843. Samuel Hall was the first Justice of the Peace, in the same year, and he carried his docket and kept his office, as Fred. Smith did the post-office, in his hat. The first school for small children was kept by a Mrs. Stone, in 1844. In the same year A. M. Saxton, then a bachelor, pre-empted by actual settlement 78 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. and the building of a log cabin, a quarter section of land, one and a half miles east of the Patee House, and paid for the same to the State in three annual payments of ^66.66^3 each — the price per acre being $1.25, Said section of land is now worth with the improvements ^32,000. The first church, a house 20 by 30, was erected in 1845 ^ ^ Union Church, by Rev. T. S. Reeves, Elder Patton, Bishop Marvin and Elder Rush, half a block east of the site of the present Pacific Hotel. In 1846, owing to the extreme scarcity of money, John Corby obtained the possession of 80 acres of land, now Corby's Grove, for ^200. The same year John Patee purchased 320 acres, now Patee's Addition to St. Joseph, for ^2,400. The principal citizens in and adjoining St. Joseph, from 1844 to 1846, were Joseph Robidoux, Wm. P. Richardson, Fred. Smith, Simeon Kemper, R. W. Donnell, Dr. D. Benton, John Corby, Jos. C. Hull, Elias Perry, A. M. Saxton, Rev. T. S. Reeves, Isadore Poulin, Dr. Dan'l Keedy, Israel Landis, Henry M. Vories, B. C, Powell, Jonathan Levy,I. &J. Curd, John D. Richardson, Wm. H. Edgar, Robt. I. Boyd, Ben. F. Loan, Jas. B. Gardenhire, J. M. Bassett, Lawrence Archer, Thos. Mills, Solomon L. Leonard, Wm. Ridenbaugh, Michael Miller, Elisha Gladdin, Elisha SoUers, Joseph Davis, J. G. Karns, Jas. Highly, C. Carbry and W. P. Hall. St. Joseph was incorporated as a village, Feb. 26, 1845, ^i^h Joseph Robidoux as first President of the Board of Trustees. A city charter was obtained Feb, 22, 185 1, and has been sixteen times amended. Thos. Mills was the first mayor. The first daily mail was in 1857 — now the city has thirteen daily mails. The population was in 1845, 600; 1850, 3,460; i860, 8,932; 1870, 19,625 ; and in 1874 estimated at 30,000. The value of property as shown by the city assessment was in 1845, ^40jOoo; 1850, ^583,016; 1855, ^847,860 ; i860, ^4,355.693 ; 1865, ^3,167,200 ; 1870, ^11,283,435. The location is favorable for trade, having superior facilities for the transportation of goods both by land and water. The Missouri River and, virtually, 11 railways extend the commerce of the city to the whole north- west of the State, and to large portions of Kansas, Nebraska and Iowa. Even the merchants of Idaho, Colorado and Montana, seek this city for supplies, thus making the mineral wealth of these territories tributary to St. Joseph. St. Joseph has all the advantages of a central location. It is midway between the Atlantic and the Pacific, British America and the Gulf. An air line from Chicago to Santa Fe passes through this city. On a direct line from the mouth of Columbia River to Charleston, S. C. St. Joseph is half the way. A straight line drawn on the map from Augusta in Maine to San Diego in Lower California, passes through Detroit, Chicago and St. Joseph, and the latter city is an equal distance from either extreme. The North and the South, the East and the West will in all future time exchange products, an^^ short lines of communication. pass through St. Joseph. BUCHANAN COUNTY. 79 Manufactories. — St. Joseph is fast becoming a city of manufactories. The Internal Revenue receipts for 1873, fo^ beer made in the city, amounted to ^12,107; for distilled spirits, ^148,078; for cigars, $8,806.50; the whole collection of the district amounting to $333,045.65. The value of manufactured products in the time mentioned reached $4,000,000. There are 37 manufacturing establishments using steam power, as follows: I axe-handle factory, i boiler-making works, 5 breweries,2 cracker bakeries, " I spice mill, 2 distilleries, i feed mill, 4 flour mills, 2 foundries, 2 furni- ture factories, i glue manufactory, i planing mill, 2 jdIow factories, 4 pork houses, 3 printing and book-making houses, 2 saw-mills, i soap factory, I starch manufactory, i stone saw-mill, i tannery, i wagon factory and i woolen mill. Besides these, St. Joseph has a large boot and shoe manu- factory, a car and machine shop, a clothing manufactory, 17 cigar manu- factories, 6 farm wagon shops, 4 buggy and spring wagon shops, 5 cooper shops, 2 galvanized iron works, 2 vinegar works, i pottery and terra cotta ware works, 2 iron shutters and iron works, i trunk and valise factory, I broom factory, 2 saddle, harness and collar manufactories — making a grand total of 84 manufacturing establishments in the city, besides the large number of shoemakers, tailors, glove makers, shirt makers, brick makers, box makers, etc. The city has 8 first-class banking houses, which had for 1873 ^'^ 3-ggi"egate deposit account of over $30,000,000. The city is supplied with 6 newspapers. The Gazette, daily and weekly, Democratic, J. A. Corby & Co., proprietors. The Herald, daily and weekly. Republican, under the editorial management and control of Wilkinson & Bittinger. The Westlichcs Volksblatt, German, daily and weekly, Republican, C. Eichler & Co., proprietors, H. W. Kastor, editor. The Evening Coninicrcial, Independent, daily and weekly, C. C. Scott, editor and proprietor. The Little Monitor, monthly, Sunday School paper, conducted by the Sunday School of Christ Church. The St. Joseph Standard, weekly, Industrial, devoted to home news and the encourage- ment of the productive industries in the West, R. R. Calkins, editor. Each of these papers indicates a prosperous condition, .with a large and increasing circulation. All in all, the St. Joseph press compares favoraljly with other cities of 30,000 inhabitants. The work of building elegant and costly churches has not lagged behind in the progress of St. Joseph. The city has 23 church edifices, represent- ing all the various denominations, and the value of church property is not less than $200,000. Of the churches 5 are Catholic, i Episcopal, 4 Pres- byterian, 6 M. Episcopal, 4 Baptist, i Christian, i German Evangelical, I Jewish, and i Congregational. The public schools employ 48 teachers, with a daily attendance of nearly 2,500 pupils. The city now owns 6 large brick school buildings and 2 small ones — the whole valued at $n8,ooo. 8o CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. In addition to the public schools may be mentioned the Yomig Ladies" Institute, 67 pupils; Mrs. O'Rourke's school, 35 pupils; Seminary of the- Sacred Heart, 200 pupils; St. Patrick's Parochial School, no pupils; Saint Joseph College, 175 pupils; St. Joseph's School, 119 pupils. The value of these various institutions is estimated at ^119,500. Among the Benevolent Institutions of the city are the City Hospital, County Hospital and St. Joseph's Hospital, at all of which the sick and unfortunate are kindly and properly cared for. Among the benevolent and social organizations are 4 Masonic Lodges, I Chapter, i Council and i Commandery, 4 Odd Fellow's Lodges and 2 Encampments; 2 Lodges of Knights of Pythias, 2 Lodges I. O. R. M., i Lodge I. O. B'nai Brith, i Lodge I. O. G. T., St. Andrew's Benevolent Society, St. George's Benevolent, St. Patrick's Benevolent Association, Hibernian Benevolent Society, St. Joseph Catholic Union, German Benevolent Association, St. Joseph Temperance Society, St. Joseph Maennerchor, St. Joseph Turnverein, Ladies' Society Children of Mary, and the Young Men's Society. St. Joseph has many beautiful private residences. The stores and busi- ness houses generally are of a substantial character, built of brick with, iron and stone fronts. The Tootle Opera House may be mentioned as ' one of the best in the country. The City Hall, the Court House and the Insane Asylum, now in course of erection, will be stately and ornamental buildings. The city owns the railroad, wagon and foot bridge over the Missouri at this point. This bridge is pronounced the best which spans the wild and turbid Missouri. The sub-structure consists of 6 piers of solid masonry, resting on the bed-rock about 50 feet below the surface of the water. The superstructure is iron; the length, 1,345 feet; the cost about ^1,000,000. The bridge was located July 14, 1871, and its com- pletion was celebrated May 31, 1873. The place is supplied with gas, has nearly 40 miles of macadamized streets, and all the thousand interests that make a busy, bustling city. The property of the Fire Department consists of 2 steam fire engines, i hand engine, i hook and ladder truck, 3 hose carts, i coal wagon, 2,500 feet of hose, 3 alarm bells, 6 horses, and an elegant building — the hook and ladder house on Francis street. The firemen number about 120. The city has one of the best industrial exhibition buildings in the West. The Union Stock Yards are large and conveniently located. Connected with the Exposition grounds is a fine race track, a mile in length. St. Joseph is strongly fortified against stagnation in trade or a "money panic." With cash balances in her favor in Wall Street, and transacting business on her own capital, her solid millions are all her own. The wholesale trade of the city in 1873 aggregated over$i3, 000, 000, and the retail trade nearly $10,000,000. There are 60 wholesale houses,, and the retail stores are numerous and prosperous. BUCHANAN COUNTY. 8i Corporate Associations. — St. Joseph has two fire insurance com- panies, now doing a large home and agency business. The Merchants'" Insurance Company was organized in i86^; The St. Joseph Fire and Marine, in 1867. Both of these companies are well conducted, and enjoy the full confidence of the public. The St. Joseph Improvement and Manufacturers' Aid Association has for its object the promotion of manufacturing interests. The St. yoseph Building Company was organized March 7th, 1871, under the general incorporation law of the State, and on December 8th following, the demand for an excellent class of loans having become very large in the State of Kansas, a part of the Directory of the St, Joseph Building Company, in connection wth five gentlemen of Kansas, organ- ized the St. Joseph & Kansas Loan & Building Company, and incorpo- rated it in the States of Kansas and Missouri. A large demand for a character of loans not negotiated by either of the aforementioned Companies induced the parties composing the Direc- tory of the Missouri Loan & Trust Company to organize and incorporate it December 6th, 1872. Public Buildings.— The Northwest State Lunatic Asylum, just east of the city limits, is a large and beautiful building, finished (1874), at an expense of $250,000. The county is building a new court-house to be the largest in the State (outside of St. Louis), costing over $200,000. The corner stone was laid August 19, 1873, and the stone work is now finished. Col. John Doniphan, in his address at the laying of the corner stone, said : " From the progress we have made in thirty-five years and the evidences of permanency around us, with such an active and enterprising population, we may be permitted to anticipate a magnificent future for our county and city. This building will doubtless stand to serve as a seat of Justice for a quarter of a million of population. Churches, colleges and palaces will be scattered over miles of the adjacent country, our court-house and iron bridge still standing as monuments of the giant energy of the men of 1873. " The Supreme Court holds two sessions at St. Joseph each year, and there is a large and valuable law library kept for their use which has been contributed by the city bar and the county. The City Hall is an imposing building, the best of the kind in the State. It is 70 by 1 70 feet, and the main dome is 1 1 2 feet high. This building cost $50,000, and is one example of an "honest job," built by R. K. Allen, contractor. The view on the next page was engraved by J. W, Haines, and photographed by J. T. Needles, both of St. Joseph. CITY HALL, sr. JOSEPH. BUCHANAN COUNTY. Z2b STATE SAVINGS BANK, COR. FOURTH AND FELIX STS., ST. JOSEPH, MO. This bank was organized in 1859, with R. W. Donnell, (now Donnell, Lawson & Co., of New York,) president, and A. M. Saxton, cashier, till 1871. C. B. France was teller for 8 years previous to 1871, when he was elected cashier, and-A. M. Saxton, president, which offices they hold at the present time. Many of the old citizens who have since passed away, have been directors in this bank, among whom may be mentioned John Curd, Wm. K. Richardson, Solomon L. Leonard, John Corby, Robert Boyle and John Patee. The Pacific Hotel is known as a first-class house in every respect, to every traveler who visits St. Joseph. It is the largest hotel in the city, with accommodations for 300 guests. R. D. Gilkey and John J. Abell ■are the proprietors, both favorably known to the traveling public. The iatter, familiarly called "Uncle John," is a landlord of no ordinary merit. S2C CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. W.HAINCS CMC bTSoT^^ TOOTLE S OPERA HOUSE, COR. FIFTH AND FRANCIS STREETS, ST. JOSEPH. This magnificent building was erected in 1872 by Mr. Milton Tootle, of this city. It is located on the corner of 5th and Francis streets, fronting" north. The Opera House proper is four stories high, with mansard roof, though portions of the whole building, as seen in the cut, are used for theatrical purposes. The cost of the whole building was near ^200,000. The auditorium, on the second floor, is 66x120 feet ; the stage 66x45 feet. The drop curtain, a beautiful artistic work, is 35 feet wide and 34 feet high. The main entrance is from Francis street, and admission to the building is gained by a wide hall and an easy flight of stairs — the stage entrance is from 5111, street. The seating capacity is 1,500, divided into parquette, dress circle, balcony and gallery. Four elegant prosce- nium boxes are so arranged as to give a view of the stage and the audience. The room is lighted v/ith a handsome chandelier with 160 jets, and numerous ornamental brackets in all parts of the house. The seats are patent orchestra chairs, with plush upholstering. The walls and ceiling are beautifully frescoed with artistic designs and allegorical representations. The exterior of the building is profusely ornamented with fine cut stone in front, and embellished with ornamental cornices. In every way and in all of the api)ointments the ideal finds a counterpart in the reality. The stage is furnished with all the modern appliances — 12 working traps, 17 pairs of flats, with wings, borders and a great variety of set BUCHANAN COUNTY. 82./" scenery; also, carpets, properties and furniture. Nothing is wanting for the presentation of any play in the whole range of the drama. The green room and 5 dressing-rooms are convenient to the stage, and they are most elegantly and expensively furnished. This splendid temple was first opened to the puMic on Monday even- ing, December 9th, 1872, with Maggie Mitchell as the leading star, in the popular play of Fanchon. The grade floor is occupied for stores, among which may be noticed the large and elegant salesroom of Chas. Lang, manufacturer and dealer in fine furniture, and the business rooms of Jas. M. Street, president of the Building and Loan Associations. ST. JOSEPH COLLEGE, ST. JOSEPH, MO. This building was erected in 1858, was opened as an educational insti- tution in 1867, and empowered to confer degrees in 1872. The col- lege is under the direction of the Christian Brothers, an order solely and exclusively devoted to teaching. The object of the faculty is to confer a thorough classical and commercial education. The Institution is at present under the charge of Bro. Agatho, president, an able and pop- ular educator. bTORE OF BAILEY, TOWNSEND & CO., Corner Fifth and Felix Streets, - • St. Joseph, Mo. The retail department of this house, on the grade floor, is 40 by no feet, with large basement, and contains the largest stock of staple and fancy dry goods to be found in the North-west. The second and third lofts, occupied for the wholesale trade, are 40 by 140 feet. The firm carries a stock of $200,000, and began business in September, 1873. The house is deservedly popular and enjoys eminent success. X s Dr. Bishop claims a new system of the philosophy of medicine, and an entirely new modification of practice, founded upon a collation from high stand-points of the experience of the various pretensions of old and new systems, and sects of theorists and practitioners. He claims .this a new and true system of medicine, superior to all others and known only to himself, and denominates it, " lateria Zoopoioun — Medico-Theop- neusty," or Divine system. FIRST PRKSBYTKRTAN CHURCH. C(U\ yXH AND JULE STREETS, ST. JOSEPH. 7?r7'. J*", r. Facklcr, Pastor. 82/^ BUCHANAN COUNTY. SEMINARY OF THE SACRED HEART, ST. JOSEPH. The Seminary of the Sacred Heart, standing on a commanding emi- nence, and half hid by shrubbery and trees, is one of the first buildings which attracts the attention of visitors to this city. The school, under the direction of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, is in a flourishing con- dition, with 1 60 pupils in attendance. The course of instruction is complete and practical, embracing the elementary and higher branches of a refined and finished education. The charges of this institution are moderate. For full information, address Lady Superior, care of Semi- nary of the Sacred Heart, St. Joseph, Mo. San Antonio is a post-office 7 miles n. n. e. of St. Joseph. Saxton, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 6 miles n. e. of St. Joseph, is a growing village of about 600 inhabitants. Taos. — See Halleck. Wallace. — See Jeanette. Winthrop, on the Missouri River, opposite Atchison, is on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 20 miles s. w. of St. Joseph and 50 miles n. w. of Kansas City. It is the terminus of the Atchison Branch of the H. & St. J. R. R., and also of the C, R. I. & P. R. R. It contains about 500 inhabitants. BUTLER COUNTY, In the south-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Wayne County, east by the St. Francis River, which separates it from Stoddard and Dunk- lin, south by the Arkansas State Line, and west by Ripley and Carter Counties, and contains 437,935 acres. Population in 1850, 1,616; in i860, 2,891; in 1870, 4,298, of whom 4,275 were white, and 21 colored; 2,167 male, and 2,131 female; 4,265 native (1,780 born in Missouri) and ^^ foreign. History.— What is now Butler County was a favorite hunting ground of the Indians, and at a very early period in the history of Louisiana, a few white men resorted there for the same purpose. They would build a log hut, spend a season, perhaps, and then depart. In 1800, cabins of a more permanent character were built and hunters lengthened their visits, and, in 1805, some land was cleared and cultivated. Among the earliest settlers were Messrs. Howard, Asher, Winn, Huskey, Epps, Hudspeth, Kittrell, Bollinger, Lewis, Stephenson, McMurry, Brannum, Sandlin, Vandover and others. Having no easy communication with the outer world, the growth of the county was necessarily slow, and the privations of the settlers many. For years their supplies were hauled from the Mississippi, a distance of from 70 to 90 miles. They seem to have lived in harmony with the neighbor- ing Indians, who, for many years after it was settled, continued to visit the county for game, for not a single story of bloodshed or depredation of any sort has come down to us. The county was organized from a part of Wayne, Feb. 27th, 1849, when almost all the land belonged to the Government. For several years the taxes were chiefly paid in furs and peltries, there being little money in circulation. During the late Civil War the county was not permanently held by either army, but was a skirmishing or scouting ground for both. A few valuable lives were taken, and good citizens were carried off, on false or trivial charges, by each party. Lawless bands prowled about, running off stock, plundering citizens, burning houses, and occasionally taking life. On the whole, Butler was as unsafe and unpleasant as any county of south- eastern Missouri, and at the close of the war there were only 4 families residing in Poplar Bluff, and but few in the whole county. The county was slowly rallying from this prostration, when the building of the St. L. & I. M. R. R. gave the needed impetus to immigration and improve- ment, and now Butler compares favorably with the other counties of that section. 84 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Physical Features. — A little more than one-third of the area of this county lies east of the Big Black River, a beautiful, clear stream which runs south through the entire county; alai'ge portion of the land east of this river, and of the southern third of the county, is one vast expanse of heavily timbered bottom, much of which is dry and needs only to be cleared for cultivation. The Legislature in 1853 granted 250,000 acres of these swamp lands to the county for reclamation, with the provision, however, that a certain portion of their proceeds should be reserved for a school fund. West of the Big Black are Cane and Copeland Creeks, and Little Black running in a southerly direction and furnishing many fine mill-sites. The central and northern parts of the county are diversified with broad fertile valleys, poor "ridges" and fair uplands. The high lands are timbered with oak and pine, the latter in large quantities, in the north and north-western parts of the county. The bottoms are covered with oak, walnut, poplar, maple, elm, ash, gum, etc. Large groves of cypress are found in the southern part of the county, and everywhere the different varieties of wild fruit grow in wonderful perfection. In the north-western part of the county are two caves of interest ; they have not yet been fully explored. Agricultural Resources. — The soil is peculiarly adapted to small grains, and also to tobacco. Cotton is a paying crop and is cultivated to some extent. Wheat, corn and vegetables are successfully cultivated. Stock is raised with but little trouble and expense, as the wild grasses flourish in great luxuriance. The Government lands are valuable only for timber and minerals. The St. L. & L M. R. R. have about 3,500 acres, the C. A. & T. R. R., about 100,000 acres, and Hon. Thomas Allen about 100,000 acres of land in this county, for sale on liberal terms.* Mineral Resources. — Some prospecting has been done, especially near Hendrickson, with encouraging indications of iron, but the want of capital has prevented conclusive developements. There is a tradition that the Indians found silver here, and carried it to an early settler, a Mr. Howard, who smelted it for them. The Manufacturing Interests are only such as are common to a new country — a few saw and grist-mills, blacksmith shops, and one stave factory. The fine forests of timber and the numerous excellent mill-sites indicate that the manufacture of lumber will ultimately be a great source of wealth to Butler. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $i,ioo,ooo.f Railroads. — The Arkansas Branch of the St. Louis & Iron Mountain *For full particulars, see Appendix, page- fAssessed valuation in 1873, #1,178,935. Taxation, |i.6o per #100. Bonded debt of the county, ^S,ooo; floating debt, #S,ooo. BUTLER COUNTY. 85 Railroad passes through the county from north to south, a distance of 36 miles. The Cairo, Arkansas & Texas Railroad has about 12 miles of track ; it enters the county about midway on the eastern boundary, and at Poplar Bluff forms a junction with the Arkansas Branch of the St. Louis & Iron Mountain Railroad. The Illinois, Missouri & Texas (Cape Girardeau & State Line) R. R., is located through this county to Poplar Bluff. The Exports are stock, lumber, tobacco, corn, wheat, peanuts, etc. The Educational Interests are greatly neglected. Some of the districts have neither public nor private schools, and of the 2,000 children of school age not more than 500 attended school any portion of 1873. There are signs, however, of an awakening interest of the people on this subject. Ash Hills, a station on the C, A. & T. R. R., 10 miles e. of Poplar Bluff. Fredie, a post-office 12 miles s. w. of Poplar Bluff. Gillis Bluff, situated on Black River, 27 miles s. e. of Poplar BlufT, and 2 miles north of the State Line, has i store, and is remarkable as being the traditional place where the Indians discovered silver ore. Hendrickson. — See Reeves Station. Neelyville, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R.. 16 miles s. of Poplar Bluff, has I store, i cotton gin and i saw-mill, and is surrounded by a fine farming country. POPLAR BLUFF, the county seat, at the junction of the St. L. & I. M. with the C, A. &. T. R., 165 miles s. of St. Louis and 179 miles n. e. from Little Rock, was laid out in 1850. It is beautifully located on the west bank of Black River, on an elevation 25 or 30 feet above the adjacent valley, and has a population of about 1,000. This town is sur- rounded by valuable timber lands, and is an important shipping point for a large region of country. It has one newspaper. The Black River News, published by Andrew Gibbony and Geo. H. Kelly ; 2 drug stores and 4 general retail stores, i grist-mill, i public school-house and i seminary ; the latter, worth about ;^2,ooo, is occupied by a good private school. Reeves Station (Hendrickson), on the St, L. & I. M. R. R., 12)^ miles n. of Poplar Bluff, was laid off in 1873, ^"d has i store. There are indications of immense deposits of iron in this vicinity, which has given importance to the place. Shiloh, a post-ofifice 18 miles n. w. of Poplar Bluff. CALDWELL COUNTY, In the north-western part of the State, is bounded north by Daviess, east by Livingston and Carroll, south by Ray, and west by Clinton and DeKalb Counties, and contains 275,480 acres. Population. — In 1840, 1,458; in 1850, 2,316; in i860, 5,034; in 1870, 11,390, of whom 11,106 were white and 284 colored; 5,959 male and 5,431 female; 10,715 native (4,072 born in Missouri,) and 675 foreign. History. — Among the first of the bold and hardy frontiersmen who were attracted to what is now Caldwell County, by the fertility of the soil and the beauty of the broad rolling prairies, fringed about with belts of excellent timber, was Jesse Mann, who settled near the present site of Kingston in 1830. The same year, Rufus Middleton settled on Shoal Creek. In 1832 Zephaniah Woolsey, and in 1834 Robert White, Richard Beemer and Logeton settled in the eastern portion of the county. They were joined by Thomas Skidmore in 1835, followed in 1836 by Wm. Boyce, Thos. Crandell, Abe Jones, Squire McGuire, Frank McGuire, and others. The county was organized December 26th, 1836, from a part of Ray. That year John Whitmer and a few others, who had been sent forward to look out for a Mormon home in the wilderness, where they would not be abused and persecuted by the Gentiles, selected the site of Far West, in the western portion of the county. The Mor- mons immediately began to flock in from Jackson and Clay Counties. The leading spirits among them were Joseph Smith, Hyrum Smith, John Carroll, Sidney Rigdon, Edward Partridge, W. W. Phelps, Philo Dibble, Elias Higbee, Oliver Cowdery, John Clemmison, John Daley, John and David Whitmer, and the Bozarths. Far West was selected as the grand rallying point, and Joseph Smith and their chief officers were located there. It was to be one of the mighty cities of the world, and under the influence of their missionaries, who were canvassing all the Eastern States and many parts of Europe, the young city promised much. Converts settled all over the county, and especially along the streams and belts of timber. Farm houses sprang up as if by magic, and the wilderness was in a few months transformed into a busy, promising industrial community. Their settlements extended into Livingston, Daviess and Clinton Counties, but Far West, their only town, was their commercial center, and became the county seat. In 1839 it contained from 2,500 to 3,000 inhabitants. In 1837, the Mormons began 88 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL work on what was intended to be one of the most magnificent temples in the United States. In the center of the town a large square had been laid off as the site of the temple. It was approached by four main streets, each loo feet wide. In 1838 the corner stone was laid with great cere- mony, but the temple was never built. The prosperity of the Mormon settlement had drawn thither many good and industrious men, and also many desperadoes and thieves, who soon obtained full sway in their councils. They boldly declared that " the Lord had given the earth and the fullness thereof to His people," and that they were "His people," and consequently had the right to take whatsoever they pleased from the Gentiles. In pursuance of this decla- ration of rights, bands of the more lawless of them strolled about the country, taking what they pleased. As they largely outnumbered the Gentiles, and as the county officers were mostly Mormons, they were enabled to act with impunity until their lawless course excited the indig- nation of the other settlers, who, not being able to obtain justice in a lawful manner, also resorted to mob violence and retaliation in kind, until many a dark and unlawful deed was perpetrated on both sides. In 1839 the discord became so great, and the clamor for the expulsion of the Mormons so imperative, that Gov. Boggs issued a proclamation, ordering Maj. Gen. David R. Atchison to call out the militia of his division to put down the insurgents and enforce the laws. He called out a part of the ist brigade of the Missouri State Militia, under command of Gen. Alex. W. Doniphan, who proceeded at once to the seat of war. The militia were placed under the command of Gen. John B. Clark. The Mormon forces, numbering about 1,000 men, were led by G. W. Hinkle. The first skirmish took place at Crooked River, in the south- western part of the county, but the principal engagement was fought at Haun's Mills, 5 miles south of the present site of Breckenridge. The Mormons of the eastern portion of the county had concentrated there and entrenched themselves in the mill and in the blacksmith shop, where the militia, numbering about 125 men, attacked and captured them. One militia man was wounded and 18 of the Mormons killed — some of them after their surrender. When the militia appeared at Far West, where the principal Mormon forces were gathered, Jos. Smith surrendered, agreeing to Gen. Doni- phan's conditions, viz. : That they should deliver up their arms, surren- der their prominent leaders for trial, and that the remainder of the Mormons should, with their families, leave the State. The leaders were taken before a court of inquiry at Richmond, Judge Austin A. King presiding. He remanded them to Daviess County, to await the action of the grand jury on a charge of treason against the State. The Daviess County jail being poor, they were confined at Lib- erty. Indictments were found against Jos. Smith, Hyrum Smith, Sidney CALDWELL COUNTY. 89 Rigdon, Lyman Wright, Col. Hinkle, Baldwin and Lyman. Sidney Rigdon was released on a writ of habeas corpus. The others requested a change of venue, and Judge King sent their cases to Boone County for trial. On their way to Columbia, under a military guard, Jos. Smith and his fellow prisoners effected their escape. It is claimed, and gen- erally believed, that the guard was bribed. In connection with the removal of the remainder of the Mormons, according to the terms of the surrender, there were many terrible scenes. Many of the Mormons were poor and had invested their all in lands from which they were about to be driven. Valuable farms were traded for an old wagon, a horse, a yoke of oxen, or anything offered that would fur- nish means of transportation. In many instances conveyances of lands were demanded and enforced at the muzzle of the pistol or the rifle. At this time there were about 5,000 inhabitants in the county, nearly 4,000 being Mormons, most of whom went to Nauvoo. In 1842 the county seat was moved from Far West to Kingston, namea in honor of Gov. Austin A. King. Immigrants flocked in to occupy the homes deserted by the Mormons. In 1859 the H. & St. J. R. R. was completed through the county, giving direct communication with eastern markets. Prior to that time goods had to be brought from the Missouri River. On April 19th, i860, the court-house, with all its records, except those of the probate court, was burned. In July, 1864, the Confederates, under Maj. Thrailkill, entered the south-eastern part of the county, capturing Peyton Davis, whom they compelled to act as guide. The Home Guards were at Daniel Michael's awaiting their commander, Captain Fortune. They were surprised by the Confederates, who, on their march thither, had shot John Phillips and Joseph Kain, and severely wounded Daniel Toomey. A part of the Home Guard escaped, and those captured were soon released through the repre- sentations of Judge S. D. Davis and others. Thrailkill marched to Tinney's Grove, thence into Carroll County, and two days later returned to Kingston. The Home Guards, finding themselves outnumbered, with- drew to Hamilton, and many of the citizens took to the brush. The Confederates broke open the court-house vault and safe, taking therefrom about $8,000 belonging to the school fund. They burned all papers relating to the enrollment of the militia, but did not harm the other records. They broke open and rifled the store of Northup & Lewis. Among the citizens captured at Kingston were John C. Lillard, James M. Hoskinson, George Young and Hugh Chain. From Kingston they proceeded to Mirabile, breaking open the stores and scattering the goods in the streets, and took from Dr. Crawford's safe, which they broke open, a large sum of money. The next day they passed on to Plattsburg. Physical Features. — Shoal Creek, the principal stream, runs through go CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL the central portion of the county from west to east, and with its numerous small tributaries, affords an abundant supply of water for stock. Crooked River drains the extreme southwestern corner of the county. The creeks are skirted with timber, so that the supply is ample for all reasonable wants of an agricultural community, and it is so evenly dispersed over the county that there are few sections of land destitute of wood. The prairies are gently rolling. The soil is a deep, rich, black, sandy loam of great fertility. There are not loo acres of non-arable land in the county. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, the various grasses, which are a never failing crop, and cattle, horses, mules, sheep and hogs. It is one of the finest grazing counties in the State, owing to the very nutritious grasses. The soil is well adapted to fruit-growing, and there are several fine vineyards in the county. Mineral Resources. — The county is well supplied with a superior quality of building stone, which is shipped to many of the cities and towns along the Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. The Manufacturing Interests are mentioned in connection with the various towns in which they are located. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^7,000,000.* Railroads. — The Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. traverses the northern part, and has 26 miles of track in the county. The Exports are corn, cattle, hogs, wheat, hay, potatoes, etc. Educational Interests. — School-houses dot the prairies in every direction, and are mostly new and commodious. At the principal towns there are high schools of a superior order. Black Oak, 12 miles s. e. of Kingston, has i general store. Popu- lation about 25. Breckenridge, 11 miles e. of Hamilton, on the H. & St. J. R. R., laid out in 1858 by J. B. Terrill, Henry Gist and James A. Price, is the second town in the county, and has i large steam flouring-mill, i brewery, I broom, i cabinet, 3 carriage and i plow factory, and about 20 stores ; I lumber yard, 2 hotels, i' bank, i large grain depot, 5 church buildings, with 7 organized church societies. Several of the business houses are substantial brick structures. The private residences are mostly new, neat and comfortable. The school-house is a fine two-story brick building, with capacity for 400 pupils, and cost about ^15,000. The town does a large business in shipping grain, cattle, and hogs. Catawba, a post-office 10 miles e. of Kingston. Hamilton, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 156 miles from Hannibal and Quincy, 50 miles from St. Joseph, 69 miles from Kansas City, and 249 from St. Louis, is the principal commercial town, and the shipping point for Kingston and the interior portions of the county. The surrounding country is beautiful, undulating prairie, very fertile and productive. •Assessed valuation in 1873, ^3,799,173. CALDWELL COUNTY. 91 The town was settled in the spring of 1855, and incorporated in 1868. From 1856 to 1858 it contained only three families, in 1859 and i860 it improved a great deal, but during the war made little progress ; since its close, emigration from the East has poured in, until now (1874) it con- tains about 1,400 inhabitants. It has i steam flouring-mill, i wind grist and feed-mill, 3 wagon, i cooper and 3 harness shops, 3 hotels, 2 com- mission houses, about 30 stores, i bank, 2 lumber yards, i grain elevator,. 10 dealers and shippers of live stock, i brick-yard, i newspaper and job printing ofifice — The News, M. A. Low, editor and proprietor; i school building, erected in 1871 at a cost of $15,000; 4 church buildings— M. E. Ch., Presbyterian, Congregational and Episcopal. Kidder, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 7 miles w. of Hamilton, has about 300 inhabitants. It has 3 stores, i foundry and machine shop, i hotel and 2 church buildings. It is in the center of a most delightful country, is settled chiefly by New England people, and is the location of Thayer College, under the patronage of the Congregational Church. KINGSTON, 8 miles s. s. w. of Hamilton, has been the county seat since 1842. It has about 500 inhabitants, and contains a good court- house and jail, 12 stores, 3 wagon and blacksmith shops, i boot and shoe manufactory, 2 churches, i hotel, i fine two-story brick school-house, i steam saw and grist-mill, and 2 newspapers — The Sentinel, Mills & Spivey,. publishers, A B. Mills, editor and The Citizen, J. T. Lentzy, editor. Mirabile, 7 miles s. w, of Kingston, in the most thickly settled portion of the county, has 4 stores, i hotel, and several churches. Populatioa about 200. Nettleton, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 5 miles e. of Hamilton, has i general store. Polo, 7 miles s. of Kingston, a new and brisk town, has 3 stores, i wagon and carriage manufactory, and a flouring-mill. Population about 50. Proctorville, 14 miles e. of Kingston and 8 miles s. of Breckenridge, named in honor of Dr. Daniel Proctor, an old and influential citizen, has J general store, a steam flouring and saw-mill, a church, school- house, etc. CALLAWAY COUNTY. In the central part of the State, is bounded north by Audrain County, east by Montgomery, south by the Missouri River, which separates it from Osage and Cole, and west by Boone County, and contains 517,736 acres. Population, in 1830, 6,159; in 1840, 11,765; in 1850, 13,827; in i860, 17,449; in 1870, 19,202; of whom 15,768 were white, and 3,434 colored; 9,916 male, and 9,286 female; 18,498 native, (13,317 born in Missouri) and 704 foreign. History. — This county was settled by Captain Samuel Boone, (nephew of Daniel Boone,) in 1818. At that time it was a part of Montgomery, which was a territorial county, and reached from St. Charles to Howard. It was organized Nov. 25th, 1820, and named in honor of Capt. James Callaway, (for account of Capt. Callaway's death, see Montgomery Co.) but its limits have since been reduced by the formation of adjoining counties. When Capt. Boone first settled here, his nearest neighbor was Isaac C. Vanbibber, 8 miles distant. Mrs. Vanbibber was a grand-daughter of Col. Daniel Boone, and was the first white child born in Kentucky, her parents at that time — 1776 — residing at Boonesborough. Col. Boone and Mr. Vanbibber came from Kentucky with their families in 1799, and in the fall of 1820 Daniel Boone died without ever having returned. This fact is mentioned, (says our informant, Capt. Samuel Boone) because there has been some dispute among historians about his return to Ken- tucky. Physical Features. — The surface of this county along the river is level and fertile, the northern portion being broken and hilly, extending out upon the ridge which divides the waters of the Mississippi from those of the Missouri. Cedar Creek forms nearly the whole of its western boundary, and with its numerous tiibutaries, waters and drains this part of the county, debouching into the Missouri River at Cedar City. Big Muddy, with its tributaries of Stinson, Richland, Bacheler and Bragg Creeks, besides Mud, Logan, and Big Tavern Creeks, flowing south and southeasterly into the Missouri River, and numerous small tributaries of Loutre River, flowing easterly, drain the county. More than ^ of Callaway is timbered land, and the remainder prairie. Lying adjacent to and north of the Missouri River, and almost the entire length of the county, is a belt of bottom land from i to 2 miles wide, of extraor- dinary fertility. Next to this, northward, is a line of bluffs from i to 2 miles wide. These are very broken, but exceedingly fertile. The growth 94 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. is papaw, sugar-maple, linn, ash, black and white walnut, oak, etc. The soil is about i foot deep, of fine mold, with a very porous, sandy- clay subsoil, of several feet thickness, underlaid with clay, rock and sand. Farther north lie the prairie and oak lands of Callaway. The growth is principally oak, interspersed in many places with black walnut, ash, sugar-maple, elm, etc. The growth of timber is very rapid, and up to the present time, keeps pace with its destruction. The soil of these lands is from 3 to i6 inches deep, with about 6 inches of yellow, sandy ■clay underlaid with 2 feet or more of porous, friable, red clay, which is very productive, when turned up to the frost and sun. The prairie lands, comprising the greater part of the north and east of the county, have a soil from 8 to 16 inches in depth, with a porous subsoil of sandy, yel- lowish clay, underlaid with light clay. Artificial ponds are made here for stock purposes. These prairies are finely interspersed with timber, at convenient distances. Of the soil on the southern bluffs of the county. Prof. Swallow says: "It is all that could be desired for the culture of the grape, containing an abundance of all the mineral substances which enter into the composition of the vine. It is warm, light and dry, and contains large quantities of magnesia and vegetable mold, giving it great capacity for the absorption and retention of moisture, even in the droughts of summer. ' ' The prairie land is especially adapted to timothy and blue grass. The latter, though slower to take hold here than in the timbered lands, is more tenacious when once set, and the yield of tim- othy surpasses that in many other portions of the State. The timbered lands are well suited to wheat, tobacco, fruit, hemp, the cereals and "vegetables peculiar to this latitude. The bluff land belt, from i to 2 miles wide, is equal to the river bottom in fertility, and is easily kept up iDy a rotation of crops. The Agricultural Productions are tobacco, wheat, corn, oats, Tye, barley, the grasses, hay and stock. Tobacco is one of the staples, and is cultivated with great success. This county took over ^1,700 in premiums at the Tobacco Fair, held in St. Louis in 1873. The vine grows in perfection and bears abundantly here. Peaches never entirely fail, and all other fruits yield largely. Cattle, horses, mules, sheep, and hogs, are raised to some extent for market, and the stock trade is the principal source of revenue. The mule trade has always been direct with the southern markets. Callaway boasts with justice of her fine cattle, having some of the best improved short-horn breeds in the West. The blue grass, in which much of the county is set, the numerous streams and beautiful timber, make this as fine a range for stock as can be desired. Minerals. — Beds of bituminous coal underlie the county, with pock- ets estimated as 24 feet thick in some places; iron ore, marble, fine lime- stone, potters' clay and cannel coal, are found in working quantities. In 1848 an extensive stratum of marble was discovered, and at the time, CALLAWAY COUNTY. 95 pronounced equal to any in the United States, being ''compact, fine grained, and exhibiting a very minute crystalline structure, with its frac- ture conchoidal. It is of a light cream color, and handsomely varie- gated." This is about 3 miles from Fulton. Near Cedar City are large quantities of mineral paint ; also beds of white sand suitable for making the finest glass. Iron ore, hydraulic cement and stone coal, are said to exist upon the same section of land. During 1873 i^iore iron was dis- covered, of fine quality and in paying quantities. The deposits being on the line of the railroad, are easy of access. Several large veins of ochre of excellent quality exist, and also extensive beds of good fire-clay. The land attached to the State Lunatic and Deaf and Dumb Asylums, is underlaid with the latter. The Manufacturing Interests are not yet extensively developed. A fulling-mill, a tobacco factory and a pottery, besides some 6 or 8 saw and grist-mills, constitute the present manufactories. "Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;gio,ooo,ooo.* Railroads. — The Missouri Branch of the Chicago & Alton R. R. has 44 miles of track in this county. It gives a direct outlet to St. Louis, via Mexico, on the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W., or via Jefferson City, on the Missouri Pacific R. R., and to Chicago and the East via Louisiana and the -Chicago & Alton R. R. The railroad debt is the ^500,000 above alluded to. The Exports are chiefly tobacco, hay and live stock, also some pottery ware. "Callaway tobacco" stands very high in the market. The live stock is second to none. Large droves of horses and mules are annually shipped South. In the spring of 1873, ^^on was shipped in considerable quantities, but some litigation about title has for a time arrested mining. Educational. — The county is organized under the general school law of the State — 76 good buildings, with competent teachers, being pro- vided in the various sub-districts. There are also 2 colleges located at Fulton — Westminster College and Fulton Female Synodical College, having substantial, commodious brick buildings, and a competent corps of professors. Auxvasse. — See Clinton City. Barkersville. — See Cote sans Dessein. Bigbee (Cynthiana), a station on the C. & A. R. R., 12 miles s. of Fulton, contains i general store. Bryant, a station on the C. & A. R. R., 16 miles n. of Fulton. Callaway, a station on the C. & A. R. R,, 5 miles n. of Fulton. Carrington, a station on the C. & A. R. R., 8 miles s. w. of Fulton ♦Assessed valuation for 1873, J6,i24,iio. Taxation, Ji.os per |ioo. Bonded debt, ^500.000. Floating debt, about ;^4,ooo. 96 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. contains 3 general stores. The country around is mostly wood-land, well set in grass and affording excellent pasturage. Many cattle, and large droves of hogs, are shipped from this place. Cedar City, on the C. & A, R. R., 25 miles s. of Fulton, is a thriving village, on the Missouri River, opposite Jefferson City, and contains i hotel, 9 stores, i lumber yard, i gunsmith shop, and other establishments usual in such towns. Clinton City (Auxvasse), on the Mo. Br. of the C. & A. R. R., 13 miles n. of Fulton, is a prosperous village in the center of a very pro- ductive country, and is the shipping point for large droves of horses, mules and cattle. Concord, 4 miles w. of Clinton City, contains 5 stores, i mill and a Presbyterian church. Population about 150. Cote sans Dessein (Barkersville), on the Missouri River, 2 miles below the mouth of the Osage, opposite Dauphine, and 22 miles s. of Fulton, contains i general store, and is a considerable shipping point. It was first settled by French emigrants in 1808, and was once a populous village. Its name (signifying a hill without design) is derived from an isolated limestone hill, some 600 yards long, and very narrow, standing in the bottom, which, it is thought, some convulsion of nature separated from the Osage bluffs, on the opposite side of the river. Cote sans Des- sein was the scene of some hard fought battles with the Indians, in which were exhibited many instances of woman's bravery and determination. Cynthiana. — See Bigbee. FULTON, the county seat, on the C. & A. R. R., 20 miles n. n. e. of Jefferson City and 25 miles s. of Mexico, has a pleasant and healthy situation, surrounded by an excellent farming district, well settled by intelligent and industrious citizens. The town was laid out about 1822, incorporated March 14, 1859, and has about 1,800 inhabitants. Besides the county buildings, the city has 5 churches — Presbyterian, United Baptist, Methodist, Christian and Old School Baptist. The Westminster College, under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church, with an endow- ment of $100,000; also Fulton Female Seminary, established in 1871, and an excellent common school, all ably conducted and liberally patron- ized, are located here ; also the State Institution for the education of the deaf and dumb, and the State Lunatic Asylum. The latter is a beautiful edifice, 5 stories high, containing 112 rooms. The people of the county contributed $12,000 and 460 acres of land to secure its location at this place. Both of these noble charities are well conducted, and are doing an important work. Fulton has 2 newspapers — The Telegraph, established in 1839, J. B. Williams, publisher; and The Enterprise, established in 1873, and published by F. Bysfield; 2 banks, i steam grist-mill, 2 hotels, about 24 stores, and other industries common to a place of its size. CALLAWAY COUNTY. 97 Holt's Summit (Hibernia), on the C. & A. R. R., 20 miles s. of Fulton, contains i general store. Jones' Tan Yard, a post-office 9 miles n. e. of Fulton. McCredie, on the C. & A. R. R., 8 miles n. of Fulton, is in the center of a fine agricultural country, containing an intelligent and pros- perous people. Large numbers of horses, mules, cattle and hogs are shipped from this point. Millersburgh, 12 miles w. of Fulton, contains 4 stores, i mill, and i wagon shop. New Bloomfield, on the C. & A. R. R., 14 miles s. of Fulton, con- tains 5 stores and i saddler shop, besides several other business houses. Portland, on the Missouri River, 24 miles s. e. of Fulton, is the shipping point for a considerable extent of country. The manufacture of tobacco is the principal business of the place. This town, settled about 1833, has a population of about 300, and contains i steam mill, i brewery, 1 saddler's and i wagon-maker's shop, 4 stores, i steam flouring-mill, etc. Readsville, 18 miles e. of Fulton, contains 2 stores, i tobacco ware- house, and I milling company. Reform, 14 miles s. e. of Fulton, contains 2 stores and i saw-mill. St. Auberts, on the Missouri River, 16 miles s. of Fulton, contains 2 stores. Shamrock, 6 miles s. w. of Wellsville (in Montgomery County), is in the extreme n. e. corner of Callaway. It contains i dry goods store. Stephens' Store, 20 miles n. w. of Fulton, contains 3 stores and i cabinet shop. \Villiamsburgh, 16 miles e. n. e. of Fulton, contains 4 stores and i wagon-maker's shop. Population about 150. CAMDEN COUNTY, In the south-central part of the State, is bounded north by Morgan, north-east by Miller, east by Pulaski, south by Laclede and Dallas, and west by Hickory and Benton Counties, and contains 435,209 acres. Population.— In 1850, 2,338; in i860, 4>975 i i^i 1870, 6,108, of whom 5,959 were white and 149 colored; 3,105 male and 3,003 female; 6,032 native (3,862 born in Missouri) and 76 foreign. History. — This county was settled by hardy frontiersmen in 1834 or 1835. The relations of the settlers with the Indians, who were then in possession of the county, were friendly. For an account of the "Slicker War," which raged for a time in the county, see Benton County, page 59. Kinderhook County was organized January 29th, 1841, and Oregon was made the county seat. February 23d 1843, the name was changed to Camden, and the county seat to Erie. Linn Creek afterwards became the county seat. During the Civil War, Camden suffered less than some of her sister counties of the same section, although many homes were pillaged and burned, many men, murdered and much property destroyed and carried off by the contending factions. Physical Features. — Camden is made up chiefly of a succession of hills, valleys and beautiful woodlands, there being but little prairie. The Osage River traverses the entire northern section, forming part of the boundary ; its tributaries from the south-west are Maries, Fork of Rainey.Pearson's Creek, and some smaller streams. The Little Niangua, from the west, empties into Big Niangua, which unites with the Osage in the north-central part of the county. The principal branch of the Little • Niangua is Mack's Creek, from the south-west. Big Niangua is swollen by Ausburis Branch and numerous smaller streams from the west, and by Woolsey's, Bank Branch and Spencer Creeks from the east. Dry Auglaize, Miller's Creek, Wet Auglaize and its tributaries debouch into the Osage River from the south-east. The bluffs of the Big and Little Niangua are picturesque, while the water power of these streams, together with their fine forests of oak, walnut and cherry, and a variety of other timber, are objects of interest to the manufacturer. The Wet Auglaize, in the south-eastern part of the county, meanders through it for fifteen miles, and the two Niangua Rivers, conjointly, forty miles. These streams aflford good water power, which has been partially improved. loo CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. There are numerous fine springs throughout the county. Lower Big Spring, and the Big Cave, in township 37, range 17, are points of con siderable interest. Some of tliese springs furnish good water power. The "range" of this county is excellent, and well suited to sheep-raising. The timber is principally, red, burr and black oak, American and red elm, white and black walnut, sugar and soft maple, ash, sycamore, hickory, honey locust, hackberry, basswood, wild cherry and buckeye. In the more eleyated districts, post, black-jack and laurel oak, crab-apple and persimmon are found. The soil of the bottom lands and prairies is rich antl productive, well suited to agriculture, while the broken lands and hill sides are well adapted to stock-raising and grape-culture. Agricultural Productions. — Corn, wheat, oats and tobacco are the leading productions. Tobacco is fast becoming a staple. Stock-raising is largely carried on. Barley, buckwheat, broom-corn, potatoes and rye are cultivated. The Atlantic & Pacific Railroad Co. have about 3,300 acres of land in this county for sale, at from ^2.50 to $8.00 per acre.* Mineral Resources. — Mining is carried on to a limited extent, but the results of operations thus far indicate extensive deposits of iron and lead. In 1846, Captain W. D. Murphy discovered lead ore, erected a furnace, and during the year 100,000 pounds of mineral were taken out, but in 1S47 the mine was abandoned. The Manufacturing Interests consist of a lead smelting furnace, an iron furnace, 5 or 6 flouring-mills, a few wool-carding machines, some saw and grist-mills, and a wagon factory. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1S70, $1,500, 000. f Railroads. — The Atlantic & Pacific R. R. has about 11 miles of track on the soutli-east boundary of the county. The Exports are wheat, tobacco, oats, cattle, hogs, bacon, fruit, wool, lumber and lead. Educational Interests. — The public schools are receiving increased attention, but the buildings are still poor and there is a great need of improvement. Barnumtown, a post-office 20 miles w. n. w. of Linn Creek. Cave Pump, a post-office 7 miles s. w. of Linn Creek. Decaturville, on Benton Prairie, 15 miles s. s. e. of Linn Creek, was settled in 1838, and has a population of about 50, 2 stores, i wagon shop, and a school-house, used also for church purposes. Glaize City, 20 miles e. s. e. of Linn Creek, was founded in i860. It is in a fine farming district, and contains i general store, a school-house and about 25 inhabitants. ♦The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years; and offer free transportation from St. Louis to the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full p.articulars see Appendi.\ — Page t Assessed valuation in 1873, ^989,386. Taxation, ^1.05 per ^100. Floating debt, j84,ooo. CAMDEN COUNTY. loi Gunter's Big Spring, a post-office 9 miles s. of Linn Creek. LINN CREEK, the county seat, is on the creek of the same name, about I mile from the Osage River, and 27 miles n. w. of Richland. It is divided into Upper and Lower Town, the business houses occupying the former. The Osage being navigable part of the year, gives the town fair advantages as a shipping point. There is i wagon-maker's shop, 3 stores, I saw-mill, i grist-mill, i lead-smelting furnace, 2 school-houses and i , newspaper — The Stet, L. Samuel Wright, editor and publisher. Mack's Creek, a post-office 19 miles s. w. of Linn Creek. Olive City, beautifully situated on the Osage River, i mile n. of the Osage Iron Works, contains 2 stores and i saw and grist-mill. Popula- tion about 50. Osage Iron Works, on Bollinger Creek, 13 miles w. n, w. of Linn Creek, and about i m. s. of the Osage River, has about 150 inhabitants, principally miners and laborers. Rainey Creek, a post-office 17 miles w. n. w. of Linn Creek. Stoutland, on the A. & P. R. R., 171 miles from St. Louis, is the shipping point for a large portion of Camden and Laclede Counties. It was settled in 1869, and contains 4 stores, i wagon manufactory, i church (used jointly by the M. E. Ch. South, and Baptists), i public school, and I newspaper — The Stojitland Rustic, Dr. John W. Armstrong publisher. Population about 80. Wet Glaize, a post-office 7 miles n. w. from Stoutland. CAPE GIRARDEAU COUNTY, In the south-western part of the State, .s oounded north by Perry County, east by the Mississippi River, which separates it from Illinois, south by Scott and Stoddard, and west by Bollinger County, and con- tains 362,450 acres. Population, in 1810, 3,888; in 1829, 5,968; in 1830, 7,445; in 1840,9,359; in 1850, 13,912; in i860, 15,547; in 1870, 17,558, of whom 15,912 were white, and 1,646 colored; 9,003 male, and 8,555 female; 14,721 native (11,010 born in Missouri) and 2,837 foreign. History. — Cape Girardeau was one of the original districts of which Missouri was composed. The first settlement was made by Louis Lor- imer on the present site of the town of Cape Girardeau in 1 794. The same year three Indian villages — two of Shawnees and one of Dela- wares, were erected .on Apple Creek, about 20 miles above its mouth. One of these little towns in 181 1 contained eighty houses, principally hewn log cabins, covered with shingles and comfortably furnished. El Baron de Carondelet, governor-general of the Spanish province of Louisiana, granted to Louis Lorimer, by two concessions dated respect- ively Oct. 26th, 1795, and Jan. 26th, 1797, 800 arpents of land on the Mississippi River, opposite Cypress Island. This grant was confirmed to the representatives of Louis Lorimer by act of Congress July 4th, 1836. It is represented upon the plats of the United States Surveys as private claim No. 2,199, ^nd is the site of Cape Girardeau City. In 1799 the district contained 521 inhabitants, who, except three or four Frpnch families, were all emigrants from the United States, and soon after that country took possession of the Territory, the men were formed into three large military companies. Cape Girardeau district extended over a large area, from Apple Creek on the north to Tywappity Bottom on the south, and west indefinitely; but county after county was taken from it, until March 5th, 1849, it was reduced to its present limits. Physical Features. — The southern part of the county is mostly level, the other portions present a moderately uneven surface, very little more than enough to insure good drainage, except in the first range of hills adjacent to the Mississippi River in the north-western part of the county, some of which are abrupt. It is a heavily timbered countpy, comprising in the different sections poplar, ash, sugar maple, cherry, elm, beech, and the different varieties of walnut, hickory, oak, etc., in great abundance. The county is well watered by numerous small streams. In the north and tributary to Apple are Little Apple. I04 CAMPB ELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Hugh, Buckeye and Swan Creeks; in the east, Indian, Flora, Gane,. Cape and Cape La Croix Creeks ; the central and western parts are watered by White Water River and its tributaries, Hubble, Byrd, Caney, Crooked and Hahn Creeks. Many of these streams furnish excellent water power. The soil is generally sandy, but part of it is q very productive black loam. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, hay, barley, sorghum, potatoes and white or navy beans. Hemp, flax, castor-beans, broom-corn and buckwheat are each grown to a limited extent, but all of them can be produced in paying quantities. Blue grass has been somewhat cultivated on the uplands, with fair success. Other kinds of cultivated grasses do well, and are used considerably for pasturage. Increased attention has been given lately to stock-raising, and improved breeds of animals are being introduced to a considerable extent, especi- ally hogs and horses. Sheep-raising is also profitable, and fruits of all kinds are grown in abundance. There are about 400 acres in the county (100 in the vicinity of Cape Girardeau City) planted in grapes. Wine is made in large quantities and meets with a ready and remunerative sale. The Mineral Resources are large quantities of iron, easy of access; some within 3 miles of the Mississippi River; limited quanti- ties of lead, different kinds of valuable ochres; also, kaolin in large quantities. Cape Girardeau City is built upon a marble formation. The State Capitol of Louisiana, and some very fine blocks in St. Louis were con- structed from it. The light marble is very compact and hard ; does not crack from the action of frost, and is within i per cent, of pure lime. Beside this, there are variegated marbles, the white and black, the purple, red and white, and the yellow and white, all susceptible of a fine polish. These marbles are all convenient to the city. Brown sandstone, beauti- fully stratified, and easily quarried and dressed, and which hardens upon ' exposure to the atmosphere, is abundant near the city, and is used for building, paving, etc., as well as the marbles. The beautiful white sand found here is shipped to Pittsburg, Philadelphia and Boston for manu- facturing the clearest glassware. The Manufacturing Interests are considerable, and are noticed under the different towns where they are located. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $10,105,000.* Railroads. — There are 16 utiles of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern R. W. passing through the south-western part of the county, and Cape Girardeau City is the eastern terminus of the Illinois, Missouri & Texas R. R., which has about 25 miles of road bed in the southern part of the county. When completed, this road will open up a valuable ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $3,912,205- Taxation, 80 cents per $100. Bonded debt, ^20,000. CAPE GIRARDEAU COUNTY. 105 trade from Southern Missouri and Northern Arkansas. Mr. Crandall, the president, is pushing the work rapidly forward toward completion. The Exports are stock, lumber, lime, mineral paint, wheat, corn, flour, wine and small grains. The Educational Interests are receiving increased attention, and are rapidly improving. Public schools are established throughout the county, and the city of Cape Girardeau is well supplied with good schools. The county contains 83 sub-districts ; 75 school-houses, valued at $68,000 ; 7,246 children of school age, 4>4oo of whom are enrolled as pupils. Fruitland Normal Institute, J. H. Kerr, principal, is 4 miles north-east of Jackson. Allenville, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 147 miles from St. Louis, and 13 miles s. s. w. of Jackson, is situated on the east bank of White Water River, which is quite a large stream at this point. The saw-mill here does a large business, logs being rafted down from the forests above. The town contains 2 stores, i livery stable, i M. E. Ch., I good public school, and is an important shipping point for Stoddard and Dunklin Counties. Population, about 150. Appleton, (formerly Apple Creek), on the south side of Apple Creek, 16 miles north of Jackson, and 14 miles w. s. w. of Wittenberg, its shipping point, was settled in 1824 by John McLane and John Shoaltz. For many years it was the chief trading-post for the surrounding country, furnishing supplies to the pineries in what is now Madison County. The first store was established here by Kimmel & Taylor, in 1829. It contains 2 general stores, i hotel, a brewery and a public school, i saddler's and i wagon shop, a saw and grist-mill and about 150 inhab- itants. Bufordsville, beautifully situated on the White Water River, 8 miles s. w. of Jackson, and 8 miles n. e. of Laflin, has i store, several shops, a grist and saw-mill, and woolen-factory known heretofore as George Frederick Dougherty's mills, and the finest water power in the vicinity, about 100 horse-power being utilized, with abundant water even in the dryest season. There is a suspension bridge at this point. Pop- ulation, about 100. Cape Girardeau, the chief city of the county, very beautifully located on the west bank of the Mississippi River, 150 miles below St. Louis, and 17 miles n. e. of Allenville, was settled in i794> laid off as a town in 1805, incorporated in 1824, and again in 1843. ^^ ^^ bui^t upon a solid bed of marble, so abundant and easily procured that it is used for paving. The city possesses very superior facilities for manufac- turing, having, as already mentioned, immense quarries of lime and sandstone for building purposes, and clay for brick-making, which is carried on extensively, one and one-half millions being made annually. There are also fine forests of oak, ash, poplar and black walnut in close io6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS QUEL proximity. The flouring-mills are among the best in the West. The Union Mills have a daily capacity of 300 barrels, and their various brands of flour meet with a ready sale through the South and in the West India Islands. The Cape City Mills, owned by Col. George C. Thilenius, have a capacity of 160 barrels, and do a business of nearly a quarter of a million dollars per year. The honor of bearing off the "MEDAL OF merit" at the World's Exposition at Vienna, in 1873, ^o^ the best flour in the world, belongs to Col. Thilenius. It is a notable fact that this flour was made from wheat raised in Cape Girardeau County. Large amounts of wheat are purchased annually in St. Louis for this market. There are two lime-kilns, with a daily capacity of 400 bbls. " Rich- ard's Cape Lime," so well known throughout the South and West, is manufactured here. The exports for 1873 were 15,000 bbls. The great quantities of ochres and mineral paints in close proximity, induced the building of a paint mill in the northern part of the city. The exports of 1873 were 4,075. bbls. There are in the place 4 saddle and harness makers, i foundry, i planing mill, i woolen manufactory, having 180 spindles and 6 looms, i washing machine, i broom, 3 cabinet, 4 carpenter, 4 wagon and 25 cooper shops ; the latter making nearly 200,000 packages annually, and exporting, after home demand from packers, millers and lime manufacturers, over .20,000 packages ; besides 4 breweries, i stave manufactory producing 500,000 staves annually, 2 large marble yards, i tobacco and 3 cigar manufactories, 2 whole- sale grocery, liquor and commission houses, about 60 stores, 3 hotels, I bank, and a large number of artisans and branches of industry usual to a city of its size. There are 4 large vineyards in the suburbs, 3 wine cellars, and an annual vintage of 25,000 gallons. Some of the wines have a fine reputation, and the demand for them is increasing. The Catholics have 2 handsome church edifices, costing ^50,000.' The Spanish Catholic Church was organized in 1832 by Father Timon, afterwards Bishop of Missouri, and the first child baptized in it was Leo. Doyle, now of Doyle Bros, of this city. The Presbyterians have a fine building worth ^12,000, and the M. E. Ch., Baptist, Lutheran, and Ger- man Methodists have neat and comfortable buildings. There is an excellent graded school with an average daily attendance of 450, and an enrollment of 2,081, taught in a substantial public school building, which cost ^40,000, and in architectural beauty and conveni- ence of arrangement is surpassed by few in the State. Situated on an eminence in the central part of the city, it can be seen for many miles above and below on the Mississippi River, and is a conspicuous land- mark and profitable advertisement of the city. St. Vincent College, Rev. A. Verrina, C. M,, president, was incorporated Feb. 27th, 1843, with power to confer degrees in science and literature. The corporation own CAPE GIRARDEAU COUNTY. 107 1,610 acres of land in the immediate vicinity, and 40 acres within the city limits, upon which the college buildings are erected. These cost over ^100,000, and the whole property is worth about $250,000. St. Vincent convent, under the care of the Sisters of Loretto, has also a magnificent property. The convent was incorporated in 1836, and has 65 pupils, and property valued at about ;^35.ooo. The State Normal School for South-east Missouri was located in this city Nov. 22d, 1873, and the winter term commenced Dec. loth, 1873. The regents will, during 1874, erect a magnificent normal school building in the northern part of the city, on the site of old Fort B , one of the most command- ing locations in the city. Chambers' Commercial College, established in 1872 ; the Cape Girard- eau Institute, by Prof. Daniel S. Wilkinson, now in its fourth year, and several parochial schools are in successful operation. The city has 2 newspapers — TJie Western Press, German and English editions, pub- lished by Charles Weidt, and the Marble City News, published by A. M. Casebolt. The Cape Girardeau Library Association, incorporated Feb. 19th, 1862, has'several hundred volumes and a cabinet of minerals from South-east Missouri. A literary department is connected with the Library Association. The fine grounds of the South-east District Agri- cultural Society are located at this place. This district, which includes 23 counties, organized its society in 1855, ^'-^^ during the Civil War its meetings were suspended until 1870, when operations were again com- menced, and in 1872 over $3,000 were awarded in premiums. The taxable property of the city is estimated at $1,500,000, and the bonded indebtedness is $130,000. The city was visited by the earth- quakes of 1810-12, and some chimneys thrown down. In 1850 a tornado blew down several buildings, but no lives were lost. Of the small popu- lation of 1 81 6, four persons are still living : Mrs. Stephenson, Mrs. Wm. Watson, Miles Doyle and Andrew Gibony. Population, about 4,500. Delta, 3 miles s. e. of Allenville, is the point of intersection of the I. M. & T. R. R. with the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W. Dutchtown, (Hendricksville,) beautifully located at the foot of the hills on the banks of Hubble Creek, 7 miles n. e. of Allenville, was set- tled by Peter Held, a native of Switzerland, in i860. The traveler entering this place from the east and noticing its romantic location, is reminded of Washington Irving's descriptions of some of the ancient houses on the Island of Manhattan when it was peopled by the subjects of that chivalrous old hero Peter Stuyvesant. The ancient elms, whose boughs almost touch the waters of the Hubble on either side of the anti- quated bridge, and the sharp gable ends of the oddly-constructed houses, remind one of Irving's inimitable chapters in Wolfert's Roost. There are a few shops, a small general store and a large water power saw and grist-mill. Population, about 50. io8 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Egypt Mills, 12 miles e. of Jackson, and 3^ miles w. of the MIst sissippi River, has a saw and grist-mill, Lutheran Church, a genera) store, public school and several shops. Green's Ferry is 12 miles n. e. of Jackson. Gordons ville, 6 miles s. of Jackson, has a flouring-mill, i general store, I wagon and i saddler's shop, and a public school, and is the central trading point of the most prosperous part of the county. Popu- lation, about 50. Hendricksville, (See Dutchtown). Hickory Ridge, a p. o. 7 miles s. w. of Allenville. JACKSON, the county seat, near the center of the county 10 miles n. w. of Cape Girardeau, and 13 miles n. n, e. of Allenville, was incor- porated in 1824, and was the early residence of a number of distinguished gentlemen of the legal profession among whom the following are particu- larly noted : Gen. Nathanael W. Watkins, Gen. Johnson Ranney, Judge Thomas Bullitt, John Scott, first Congressman from Missouri, John D. Cook, Alex. McNair, first governor of this State, Alex. H. Buckner and Greer W. Davis. Gen. Watkins, now residing in Scott County, and Mr. Davis, are the only survivors of that memorably brilliant bar of 1820-23. The first Baptist church in Missouri was founded in 1806 near Jackson, under the labors of Rev. D. Green. Jackson is beautifully located on the east side of Hubble Creek on a succession of hills afford- ing fine building sites. It contains 6 handsome churches — Catholic, Presbyterian, Lutheran, Baptist, M. E. Church South and African Meth- odist. The public school building, a fine brick structure, centrally located, has an excellent graded school. Fair View Seminary is in a flourishing condition. The court house is claimed to be the finest build- ing of the kind in the State outside of St. Louis. There are 4 general, I furniture and several grocery and drug stores, i carriage and wagon manufactory, i broom and some other shops, i steam flouring-mill with a capacity for 250 barrels per day, 2 hotels and i newspaper, The Missouri Cash Book, published by Malone «& Johnson. Jackson has a larger inland trade than is usual to a city of its size and number of business houses. It is connected with Cape Girardeau by an excellent macada- mized road, several of which are in the county. Population, about 800. Millersville, on the east bank of White Water River 7 miles n. w. of Jackson, settled in 1848, contains 2 general stores, several black- smith, wagon and shoe shops, a Masonic hall, i Universalist Church, a public school, a large steam flouring-mill and a water-mill. Population, about 150. Neely's Landing, a p. o. on the Mississippi River 13 miles n. e. of Jackson. Ne^v W^ells, 14 miles n. n. e. of Jackson and 8 miles n. w. of Neely's Landing, settled in 1854, is pleasantly located on Shawnee Creek 'CAPE GIRARDEAU COUNTY. 109 and surrounded by a thrifty German population. It has i general store, I wagon and i saddler's shop, a public school-house, and a Lutheran church. Population, about 65. Oak Ridge, 10 miles n. of Jackson, and surrounded by the finest farming uplands in the county, was settled in 1852. It contains 2 churches— Baptist and M. E. Ch. South, a Masonic hall, a public school, several shops, i steam flouring-mill and saw-mill, and a population of about 100. Pocahontas, on the uplands which separate the waters of Shawnee and Indian Creeks, 9 miles from Jackson and 9 miles w. of the Missis- sippi River, was settled in 1856, and contains i store, i steam-flouring- mill, several shops, a carding machine, a public school, 2 churches- Lutheran and Presbyterian, and a population of about 100. The Pres- byterian church is the third oldest in Missouri and celebrated its semi- centennial on May 21st, 1871. It is in the center of a densely popu- lated neighborhood which was settled principally by emigrants from North Carolina, and was known for many years as the old North Caro- lina neighborhood. Shawneetown, 14 miles n. w. of Jackson, noted for the energy and thrift of its citizens, was settled in 1865, and has a large woolen factory, 240 spindles and 6 looms, i general store, saddle and wagon shops, a machine shop and about 125 inhabitants. Stroderville, (White Water,) a p. o. on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W. 3 miles w. n. w. of Allenville. White Water.— See Stroderville. CARROLL COUNTY, In the north-west-central part of the State, is bounded north by Living- ston County, east by Grand River, which separates it from Chariton, south-east and south by the Missouri River, which separates it from Saline and Lafayette, and west by Ray and Caldwell Counties, and contains 441, 535 a^res. Population. — In 1840, 2,423; in 1850, 5,441; in i860, 9,763; in 1870, 17,446, of whom 16,619 were white and 827 colored; 9,237 male and 8,209 female; 16,624 native (9,058 born in Missouri) and 822 foreign. History. — The territory now comprising Carroll County was laid off in townships in 1816, and in 181 7 was sectionized. Previous to these dates little is known about it. The Sac and Fox Indians held control of the country west of Grand River. They had a town in the edge of the timber, on the old Brunswick road, in the bend of the river just east of the present farm of J. C. Wor)^, and lived there for a year or two after 181 7. Near this place was a trading post, established by two Frenchmen, Blandeau and Chouteau, and some 6 miles up Grand River, Joseph Robidoux (the founder of St. Joseph) had a trading post. The trade with the Indians was a source of great profit, and as the Indians began to drift west, the keen judgment of Mr. Robidoux soon led him to take possession of and establish a post at Black Snake Hills, now St. Joseph. Canoes at first were the only ferry-boats, but, as traffic increased, a raft, made of large canoes, was built to accom- modate the westward-bound pioneers. This ferry, kept in after years by Mr. Cross, became the principal one over Grand River. In the fall of 181 7, Martin Palmer, a noted trapper, pioneer, Indian skirmisher, and politician in the territory, ventured some 10 miles to Lick Branch, and built a cabin to shelter him through the winter, while trapping. This is believed to be the first cabin raised within the present limits of Carroll County. He remained here through the winter. In the spring the Indi- ans made some hostile demonstrations, and Palmer abandoned his cabin and returned to the settlements in Chariton County. Gen. Andrew Hughes, an old Indian agent nearly 40 years ago, gave the writer the meaning of "Wakanda," the principal, stream passing through Carroll County. It means "God's River." This stream abounded with fine fish, and on its banks, and in the adjacent timber, were found deer, elk, buffalo and turkeys in great abundance. The Indi- [ 112 CAMPBELL' S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL ans, thinking that a stream where the Great Spirit had placed such quan- tities of game and fish must be sacred, dared not destroy, or kill anything in the neighborhood, except on festival days, and their -festivities were always held on the banks of this river — hence its name "Wakanda," "God's River." The malaria arising from the decaying vegetation on its banks, caused much sickness (chills and fever), which, being a new disease to the set- tlers, they knew nothing about its treatment, and, ignorant to what results it might lead, most of them left for other parts of the country, or returned to their native States, satisfied that this region was "too sickly for human beings to live in." Thus the first attempt to settle this part of the country was retarded, only a few families remaining who were either too poor to return to their old homes, or determined to risk life for fortune in the new country. The first permanent settlement was made in the year 1819 by Mr. John Standley and Mr. William Turner, who came with their families from North Carolina, and, living to a ripe old age, have long since been numbered with the dead, leaving numerous families, who, with their descendants, are among our best citizens. Mr. Standley settled just east of the present site of Carrollton on what is known as "Timmons Addi- tion," and Mr. Turner, north of the town, on the place now owned by Mr. John Tull. These families were the nucleus around which the Careys, Hardwicks, Riffes, Wooleys, and other honored and respited names soon gathered and made a good settlement, while this was a part of Howard County. In 1822 it became a part of Ray, and remained so until the winter of 1832-33, when the territory below range 25 became Carroll County. It was the intention to call it "Wakanda" — from the river above mentioned. The bill forming the new county had passed its first and second reading by that name, but when it came up for final passage, the news of the death of the last surviving signer of the Declar- ation of Independence had just been received at Jefferson City, and when a proposition to call the new county "Carroll" was made, the bill passed unanimously, and was signed the 3rd day of January, 1833. Wm. Curl, Wm. Crockett and Thos. Hardwick were appointed justices of the county court; Joseph Dickson, clerk; and John Curl, sheriff. From that time the county has gone on increasing in population, wealth and prosperity. Physical Features. — The surface is generally undulating; about two- thirds prairie, and the balance excellent timber, consisting of black and white oak, black walnut, sugar-maple, maple, linn, elm, hickory, hackberry, Cottonwood, etc.. The county is well watered by Grand River, which forms its eastern boundary ; also by Wakanda, Big Creek and their trib- utaries. The Wakanda empties into the Missouri, five miles above the mouth of Grand River. Above it is situated the Yellow Rock Prairie, CARROLL COUNTY. 113 noted for its beauty and fertility. Extending along the bank of the Missouri, between Wakanda River and Crooked Creek, is a sugar-maple bottom which is remarkably fertile. It is some 30 miles long, and from five to seven miles in width. Almost every variety of surface, bluff or valley, timber or prairie, can be found in this county; and many beautiful locations for large stock- farms, for which the' climate and position render Carroll peculiarly well adapted. The soil is generally favorable to the cultivation of all kinds of grain, grasses, fruit and vegetables common in this latitude. There are in this county several high mounds rising from one hundred to four hundred and fifty feet above the level of the surrounding country. Bogard, north of the center of the county, is the highest ; the next highest is Stokes ; then Potato Hill Mound, etc. These mounds occur repeatedly, and cover an area of some eight or ten miles. The pioneer settlers state that lead was found in considerable quantities in some of them, but no mines have ever been opened, and none found that would pay for work- ing. De Witt was doubtless inhabited at one time by aborigines, and the mounds standing on the elevation above, near Skelly's residence, appear to have been their works for defense ; and about 600 yards above, on the highest ground, is a high mound which was probably th.eir Avatch tower. The Agricultural Productions are corn, oats, wheat, hemp, tobacco, fruits, cattle, horses and hogs. Mineral Resources. — Coal has been found In abundance, and there is no doubt but that it underlies the whole county. Iron and lead are known to exist, but no paying deposits have yet been discovered. At White Rock are the famous "White Rock Quarries," employing about 50 hands, and furnishing very handsome, desirable and durable stone used for buildings and bridges at St. Louis, St. Charles, St. Joseph, Kansas City and elsewhere. Manufacturing Interests. — There is a large woolen factory in ope- ration at CarroUton, and wagons, plows, etc., are manufactured to a limited extent ; also a foundry which manufactures stoves, fences, fronts for stores, and other iron castings of all kinds. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $9,000,000.* The Exports consist of grain, cattle and hogs; their value being estimated at over;>i,ooo,oooannually. Railroads. — The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway has about 37 miles of track and 5 stations in the county. Educational Interests. — The no sub-districts of the county are in a prosperous condition. Bailey ville, 18 miles n. w. of CarroUton, has a few houses. Battsville, 20 m. n. e. of CarroUton, has a few stores and a wagon shop. ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $3,496,176. Entire county debt, about Ji.ooo. 114 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL. 3ogard Mound, a i)ost-office 7^ miles n. n. w. of Carrollton £ridge Creek, a i»o.st-office 21 miles n. n. e. of Carrollton. CARROLLTON, the county seat and principal town, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 207 miles from St. Louis and 66 miles from Kansas City, has an elevated and beautiful situation, about 4 miles south of the center of the county, on the Missouri Bluffs overlooking the rich river bottom. It was named in honor of the last surviVor of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, was laid out in 1837, incorporated in 1847, ^^^ re-incorporated in 1865. Population, about 2,600. Carroll- ton is a thriving business town, and has 2 banks, 2 steam flouring-mills, about 25 stores, 2 lumber yards, 3 hotels and 2 newspapers and job printing offices — the Wakanda Record, published by the RccordYx\Xi\\xi^ Company, and the Carrollton Journal, O. J. Kerby, editor and publisher. Carroll- ton has a good court-house and a large number of substantial brick build- ings. The public school building is 3 stories high, costing about $41,000, and is carried on at an annual expense of $8,500. The Masonic order and the Odd Fellows have each a fine hall. There is a public library with about 1,000 volumes, and two literary societies — the Prescott and the Bronte Clubs; 8 churches — M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South, Catholic, Christian, Presbyterian, and Episcopal; M. E. Ch., and Bap- tist, colored ; aggregate value, $20,000. The Baptist and M. E. Churches are making arrangements for elegant new buildings. South Carrollton, just south of Carrollton, was laid out in 1868, and has a population of about 300. The depot, grain warehouses and stock yards are at this point. Coloma, 14 miles n. of Carrollton, laid out in 1858, is in the midst of a rich agricultural country, which is fast being settled with industrious and enterprising citizens. Population, about 150. De Witt, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 171^ miles e. of Carrollton, has I church, i school-house and several stores. Being on the Missouri River, it is the center of a large cattle and grain trade. Pop. about 300. Eugene City, (Wakanda,) on the St. L., K, C. & N. R. W., 7 miles e. of Carrollton, is the shipping point for a large circle of surrounding country. Population, about 100. Hill's Landing is a warehouse on the Missouri River, 7 miles s. e. of Carrollton. Little Compton, on the Chariton River, 23 miles n. e. of Carroll- ton, has I mill and a few stores. Mandeville, a small trading point 14 miles n. w. of Carrollton. Manlius. — See Pleasant Park. Miami Station, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 131^ miles e. of Carrollton, was laid out in 1870, and is the railroad station for Miami, Saline County, 2>^ miles distant. Large amounts of cattle, hogs, and grain from Saline County, are shipped from this point. CARROLL COUNTY, 115 Miles Point, a post-ofifice and trading point on the Missouri River, 4 miles s. of Norborn. Milford, 12 miles n. e. of Carrollton, has a flouring and saw-mill, a store, etc. * Moberly's Landing, on the Mo. River, 10 miles s. e. of Carrollton. Norborn, a thriving town on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., lo miles w. of Carrollton, laid out in 1868, has several stores, i lumber yard, 2 grain warehouses, 3 churches — Baptist, German Lutheran and M. E. Ch. South, and a good two-story school-house. Population about 300. It is surrounded by the Sugar-Tree Bottom Prairie, unsurpassed in fertility, which is being rapidly settled and cultivated. Pleasant Park, (Manlius,) a post-office 3 miles n. of Miami Station. Ridge, a post-office 15 miles n. e. of Carrollton. Shootman is a small trading point 9 miles "n. e. of Carrollton. South Carrollton. — See Carrollton. Stokes Mound, a post-office 17 miles n. of Carrollton. Van Horn, a post-office 10 miles n. of Carrollton. ^Vakanda. — See Eugene City. White Rock is a small trading point 12 miles e. of Carrollton — so called because of the immense quarries of the celebrated White Rock mentioned elsewhere. CARTER COUNTY, In the south-east part of the State, is bounded north by Shannon, Rey- nolds and Wayne Counties, east by Wayne and Butler, south by Ripley and Oregon, and west by Oregon and Shannon Counties, and contains 325,405 acres. Population in i860, 1,235; in 1870, 1,455, of whom ^'425 were white and 30 colored; 733 male and 722 female; 1,444 native (829 born in Missouri) and ii foreign.* History. — This county was organized March loth, 1859, and named in honor of one of its earliest and most respected citizens, Mr. Zimri Carter. Physical Features. — The surface is quite broken and heavily timbered ; the bottoms and valleys with the various kinds of hickory, elm, ash, black walnut, birch, honey-locust, sycamore, butternut, willow, hackberry, maple, sugar maple, white, black, burr, pin, post and Spanish oaks, cottonwood, sassafras, papaw, dogwood, redbud, etc. The hills are covered with heavy pine forests — not more than one-fortieth of the original growth having been cleared off within the last twenty years. The soil in the bottoms and valleys is very rich. The hills, being very steep and rocky, have generally been considered unfit for cultivation. The county is well watered by Current River, which passes through the central part. Its chief tributaries on the west are Davis and Roger Creeks. The north-eastern part is drained by Brushy Creek and its numerous small affluents, and the south-east by the headwaters of Little Black River. Current River is swift, clear and beautiful, and abounds in trout, salmon, buffalo, cat and various other kinds of fish. It furnishes excellent water power, though there is but one mill situated upon that stream in this county. The cliffs along this stream are steep and rugged, and of pure white limestone, overshadowed by pines of various sizes, from the beautiful little dwarf that clings to the sides and crevices of the pro- jecting rocks, to the old giant sentinel that towers up from the summit of the cliff. This is a favorite section of the State for fishing and sporting parties. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats and rye. Tobacco and cotton are cultivated to some extent. Sorghum, sweet potatoes, buckwheat, and white or navy beans, all grow well here, but are not cultivated for exportation. Peaches and the small fruits succeed *It is claimed that the census of this county was incomplete, and that the above estimate was only about one-half as large as it should have been. ii8 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL admirably. Some attention has in the last few years been given to the culture of the grape with excellent success, and it is believed that many of the hillsides, hitherto considered comparatively worthless, may be utilized in this way. The Mineral Resources are wholly undeveloped, but indications of iron and copper abound everywhere. The Manufacturing Interests consist of 3 saw and grist-mills, 2 of which are moved by water power and i by steam. ^Vealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $980,000.* The Exports are stock, lumber, wheat, corn, etc. St. Louis furnishes the market for all productions, except lumber, which is rafted on Current River, and finds ready sale in Arkansas. Considerable attention is being paid to the production of pine lumber, and it is probable that the export- ation of that article for the coming year will greatly exceed that of any five previous years. The Educational Interests are much neglected. The Superin- tendent in his Annual Report says: "Among other difficulties may be mentioned an indifference to the subject of popular education on the part of many citizens and a reluctance to be taxed for school purposes. Our school-houses are of a very inferior class, supplied with the rudest benches for seats, and destitute of black-boards or apparatus of any kind. Many of the houses in which schools are taught are unoccupied cabins, which have been erected and used for temporary dwellings, until the owner could furnish more comfortable apartments for his family." Colemanville, a post-office 13 miles n. n. e. of Van Buren. Freeland, a post-office 18 miles e. s. e. of Van Buren. VAN BUREN, the county seat, 20 miles w. s. w. of Mill Spring, Wayne Co., its nearest railroad station, is charmingly situated on Current River, and has 2 general stores, i hotel, i drug store and i saw-mill. 'Assessed valuation in 1873, ^519,373. CASS COUNTY, In the western part of the State, is bounded north by Jackson County, east by Johnson and Henry, south by Bates, and west by the Kansas State Line, and contains 439, 506 acres. Population. — In 1850, 6,090; in i860, 9,794; in 1870, 19,296, of whom 18,793 were white, and 503 colored; 16,408 male and 8,888 female; 18,557 native (6,565 born in Missouri) and 739 foreign. History. — The first settlers in this county located on the streams and in the timber, avoiding the prairie, as seems to have been the cus- tom of the western pioneers. In 1830 the first settlement was made in the northern portion by Walker, Dunaway, Tom Burgen, Isaac Blevins, Warden, Wm. Johnson, J. X. Sloan, Isaac Allen, Levi Russell, Andrew Wilson, Reden Crisp, Wyatt Adkins, Allen Yocum, David Butterfield, Thomas B. Arnett, Daniel Graham, David Creek, John McCarty and Blois, a Frenchman. They were a hardy, fearless set of men, rough and uncouth in their manners, but very hospitable and honest ; their princi- pal occupation was hunting, and they farmed on a very small scale. They dressed principally in buck-skin pants and hunting shirt, an undressed fawn-skin vest, and coon or wolf-skin cap and moccasins. Their nearest point for supplies was Old Fort Osage, on the Missouri, a distance of 30 miles. Their principal articles of traffic were deer-skins, dressed and undressed, venison, the various kinds of furs, wolf-scalps and skins, honey and beeswax, with all of which the country abounded. Some of the men were enterprising and thrifty, and engaged in raising cattle, as there was unlimited grazing summer and winter. These pioneers, in after years, received the appellation of "Nettle trampers " (this troublesome plant being destroyed by grazing) from the succeeding immigrants. The growth of the county was slow, on account of the frequent incursions of Indians on predatory expeditions. These scarcely ever amounted to any- thing more serious than stealing a horse here and there, and were made in revenge of counter incursions from a band of horse-thieves, which infested the western part of the county. This band concealed their stolen property along a branch of Grand River, which, from this circum- stance, was called '' Pony Creek," a name it holds to this day. Many attempts were made by the citizens to break up this band, but without success until 1842. Indeed, as late as 1840, they came within 14 votes of electing one of their number sheriff of the county. The successful opponent was John M. Clark, who immediately began a vigorous prose- 120 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL cut-ion of the war against thieves. Sheriff Clark, who was also county collector, made his first return to the State in wolf-scalps. Van Buren County (now Cass and Bates) was organized September 14th, 1835. The first court was held at the residence of James W. Mc- Clellan, he and Wm. Savage being appointed justices, and Wm. Lyon clerk, pro teiti. At the first term of this court, which lasted but one day, James Williams, Wm. Y. Cook, John Adams and Ful- ler were appointed constables. At this time Russel Hicks (afterwards judge) was admitted to practice in the Van Buren Circuit Court as an attorney, and a most able one he proved himself to be. Directly after- wards the county seat was selected and entered, under an act of Con- gress giving the counties a right to select 160 acres for that purpose, and was named Harrisonville, after the Hon. Albert G. Harrison, then Con- gressman at large from Missouri. February 19th, 1849, the county was reduced to its present limits, and, for political reasons, the name was changed from Van Buren to Cass. During the Civil War, Cass was skirmishing ground for the guerrillas of both armies, and scarcely a day passed without a sharp encounter. The famous "Order No. 11," which applied to Jackson, Cass and Bates, ended this condition of anarchy, but almost depopulated the county. Of the nearly 10,000 inhabitants about 600 only remained, and these were gathered about Harrisonville and Pleasant Hill, the military posts. This order was followed by an immense destruction of property. Immedi- ately after the close of the war, it was estimated that at least one-third of the houses had been burned and one-half of the farms destroyed. The re-settlement of the county was principally by the soldiers of both armies, who, forgetting past dissensions, settled down side by side, and by indus- try and thrift are fast making Cass one of the leading counties of the State. Physical Features. — The country is high and undulating, inter- spersed with streams remarkable for the depth of their narrow bottoms. Looking off from Harrisonville to the north, south or west, the spectator sees only a beautiful expanse of prairie stretching out before him, although between him and the distant horizon are many streams bordered with oak, hickory, elm, ash, walnut, sugar maple, etc., much of it 100 feet high. The "Knobs" relieve the monotony of the prairie; chief among these are Brookhart's Hill, i mile south of Harrisonville, and Brushy Knob, 8 miles east from Pleasant Hill. Belle Plain and the mounds south- west of Harrisonville, are elevations which command fine views of the neighboring country. The county is remarkably well watered, the south-western half being drained by Grand River and its numerous tributaries, chief of which are Wolf Creek, Town Branch, Pony, Eight Mile, Clear Fork, Blacksnake, Sugar and Knob Creeks. The north and north-eastern parts are watered CASS COUNTY. 121 "by Alexander and Big Creeks and their tributaries; also by Percival Creek, Crawford's Branch, Camp Branch, Panther Creek, and many others. In the northern and central portions of the county the streams are bordered on one side or the other with bluffs of limestone, which is occasionally used for building purposes. The soil of the county, which varies from a rich brown to a deep black, is very fertile and produces excellent crops of all the cereals; fruits, also, succeed well. The Agricultural Productions are the grasses, wheat, corn, oats, rye and barley, besides cattle, hogs, horses, mules and wool. Fruits and vegetables succeed admirably, and small quantities of hemp and tobacco have been raised. Mineral Resources. — This county is underlaid with coal, but only one mine has been opened, which is 8 miles south-east of Harrisonville. Manufacturing Interests.— There are 10 flouring-mills, i woolen factory and 2 wool carding-machines. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^12,000,000.* Railroads. — There are 79^ miles of railroad completed in the county. The Missouri Pacific passes through the north-east corner, and the Lawrence Branch, through the northern part ; the Missouri, Kansas & Texas runs east and west through the center ; in addition to which the Lake, Lexington & Gulf R. R. is graded and bridged from the north- eastern corner in a south-westerly direction through the county to the center of the southern line ; and the Kansas City & Memphis R. R. is partially graded from Kansas City to Harrisonville. The Exports are cattle, hogs, wheat, corn, oats, fruits, vegetables, horses, mules, etc. Educational Interests. — There are 120 public schools in the county, affording good facilities for education in each neighborhood. The cities of Plea.sant Hill and Harrisonville have each large and commodious buildings in which high shools are taught by able principals, with five assistants each. Austin, 10 miles s. s. e. from Harrisonville, located in a fine agri- cultural country, on the line of the L., L. & G. R. R., has a good school and church, several stores and i hotel. Population about 400. Belton, on the Lawrence Branch of the M. P. R. R., 17 miles w. of Pleasant Hill, is a thriving village of about 300 inhabitants, and has several stores and a lumber yard. Brosley, a post-office 9 miles s. of State Line. Dayton, 12 miles s. e. of Harrisonville, contains i church, several stores and a good steam flouring-mill. East Lynne, on the M., K. & T. R. R., 6 miles e. of Harrisonville, and surrounded by a fine farming country, has 2 stores, i steam flouring- mill, and I lumber yard. Population about 100. ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $6,123,263. Taxation, $2.00 per $100. Bonded debt, S333,ooo- 122 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS OUR L Everett, 14 miles s. s. w. of Harrisonville, has 3 stores, i church and 1 school-house. Freeman (Morristown), on the M., K. & T. R. R., 9 miles w. of Harrisonville, has 6 stores, i lumber yard and i flouring-mill. Population about 300. Gunn City, on the M., K. & T. R. R., 9 miles e. of Harrisonville,. has I store, and about 25 inhabitants. It is remarkable as the place where the bond swindlers were taken from the train and shot, an act which created great excitement throughout the country. HARRISONVILLE, the county seat, on the M. K. & T. R. R.^ 254 miles w. of St. Louis, was named in honor of Hon. Albert G. Har- rison. The first settler on the site of the town was James Lucky, in 1830. In May, 1837, the town was laid off and the first house was erected by Jason L. Dickey. Henry H. Baker also became a resident of the place about this time. The same year a log court-house was built by John Jackson for $2,00, which was used until 1844, when the present comfort- able brick one was erected. Since the war the growth of this town has been steady, and it now has a population of about 1,000. Some substan- tial buildings have been erected, among which may be mentioned the public school, which cost ;^ 15, 000. It has 5 churches — M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South, Baptist, Cumberland Presbyterian, and Christian, 15 stores, 2 wagon and carriage shops, 2 hotels, i carding machine, i lumber yard, I flouring-mill, and i newspaper — the Cass County Courier, published by Jas. E. Payne. Jonesville, a post-office 3 miles s. of State Line. Morristown. — See Freeman. Peculiar, a post-ofiice 8 miles n. w. of Harrisonville. Pleasant Hill, the chief town in the county, on the M, P. R. R.,. 248 miles w. of St. Louis, and 33 from Kansas City, was first known as Big Creek, but from the beauty of its situation, on a ridge commanding a fine view of the surrounding country, its present name was given. The first settder was Mr. Blois, in 1830. He kept a small grocery store, and for f>ome time llis nearest neighbor was John McCartney. Blois sold out to W. H. Duncan and W. H. Taylor, and they to Wm. Ferrell, and the latter, in 1836, to W. W. Wright, who, in 1843 or '44, (the land having come into market) entered the land and laid off the town. In 1845 ^^ contained about 40 inhabitants, and at tbe breaking out of the war, about 500, During the war it suffered at the hands of both parties, and was almost entirely destroyed ; but after the building of the M. P. R. R. in 1865, it grew with wonderful rapidity; stores, shops, and dwellings went up as if by magic, and wonderful things were predicted for Pleasant Hill. For three or four years past its growth has been slow. It now has 10 churches — 2 Presbyterian, i M. E. Ch., i M. E. Ch. South, i Baptist, I Episcopal, I Congregational, i Christian, i Catholic, and i colored CASS COUNTY 123 Baptist — I public school building which cost $15,000, and a colored school. It contains 2 flouring and i corn mill, i carding and spinning machine, i broom factory, i steam brick machine, about 30 stores, 3 livery stables, 3 lumber yards, and 2 newspapers — the Review, published by A. G. Blakey, and the Dispatch, published by Cameron & Son. Pop- ulation, about 2,554. This town is an important shipping point for stock, corn, wheat, oats, etc. The country about it is thickly populated and under a high state of cultivation, almost all of it being inclosed with hedge or rock ^ences. Raymore, on the Lawrence Branch of the M. P. R. R., 12 miles w. of Pleasant Hill, has 3 stores, i lumber yard and a population of about 25. Schuyler, a post-office 14 miles s. e. of Harrisonville. Strasburg, on the M. P. R. R., 6 miles e. of Pleasant Hill, formerly called Big Creek Station, has i store and about 100 inhabitants. ^Vadesburg, a post-office 22 miles e. s. e. of Harrisonville. West Union, a post-office 5 miles north of Freeman. West Line, on the M. K. & T. R. R., 14 miles w. of Harrisonville, has I store. This town is near the western line of the county, and has been recently laid out. CEDAR COUNTY, In the western part of the State, is bounded north by St. Clair County, east by St. Clair and Polk, south by Dade, and west by Barton and Vernon Counties, and contains 322,000 acres. Population in 1850, 3,361 ; in i860, 6,637 ; in 1870, 9,474, of whom 9,363 were white, and iii colored ; 4,851 male, and 4,623 female; 9,370 native (4,919 born in Missouri) and 104 foreign. History. — The first settlement was made in 1832, near the Mont- gomery and Dunnegan Mills, 2 miles east of Stockton, by John Crisp, who is now living in Dade County. Cedar was organized in 1843, ^om parts of Dade and St. Clair. The first mill built, by Mr. Phillip Crow, on Bear Creek, about 3 miles north-east of Stockton, was for a long time the only one for many miles around. The first county court was held at this, mill, and the first circuit court at what was called the Hunter Place, about 2 miles south-west of Stockton. During the Kansas troubles, and in the late Civil War the hostile parties frequently met upon its soil. The people at that time were strongly swayed by the political tide, the majority at first espousing the Confederate cause. During the summer of 1863, the noted bushwhackers, Livingston and Vaughan, with about 300 men, attempted to capture the court-house at Stockton, which had been converted into a Federal fort, but they were repulsed by the militia, and both the leaders killed. In the fall of the same year, however, Shelby captured and destroyed the building. Stockton was much damaged, and the Crow and Caplinger Mills, with most of the farm-houses in the western part of the county, were destroyed. These proceedings so incensed the militia, that in retaliation, they sometimes refused quarter, destroying with fire and sword nearly everything on the premises of Confederate sym- pathizers. Physical Features. — The surface of the county is undulating, with about an equal division of prairie and timber. The Sac River, the largest stream, traverses it from south to north, flowing into the Osage. Its tributaries are Turkey, Silver and Bear Creeks, East ^Fork of Sac, and Brush Creek from the east ; its largest tributary, Cedar Creek, flowing from the south-west, and joining it near the northern boundary of the county ; Horse Creek, and other smaller streams, coming with Cedar, from the west. Fine springs abound. The Stockton, Conner and White Hare Springs, especially, are worthy of note, the last two, on Conner's Prairie, being large and constant in their flow. The western part of the county is principally prairie, beautifully diversified with groves, while the streams are also skirted with an ample supply of timber. The eastern 126 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL part is nearly all timber land, mostly suitable for cultivation. In the vicinity of Sac River and Cedar Creek, the country is hilly, occasionally rising into bluffs. Conner's Prairie, between these streams and south-west of Stockton, contains about 40 square miles of beautiful and productive land. There is another prairie lying w. n. w. of Stockton, about 10 miles long, and from i to 5 miles wide. The timber of the uplands is princi- pally oak, black-jack and hickory ; the lowlands are covered with a heavy growth of oak, walnut, hackberry, sycamore, ash, maple, pecan, persim- mon, butter-nut, red-bud, birch, sassafras, cherry, box-elder, sumac, mul- berry, honey and black locust; while cedars are abundant on many of the bluiTs along Cedar Creek, hence its name. The soil, generally of red, brown and black loam, is admirably adapted to the production of tobacco ; also to the cereals and grasses common to the latitude. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, flax, potatoes, etc. ; the grasses, tobacco, corn and wheat being the staples. The tobacco is of fine quality, and almost a sure crop. Apples, peaches, pears, plums, quinces, apricots and grapes, especially the first two and the last, do remarkably well. Grazing engrosses much of the attention of the farmers, the fine natural range affording inexpensive pasturage, and making the raising of cattle, horses, mules, sheep and hogs very profitable, — cattle and mules, generally, proving the most remuner- ative. About 21,000 acres of swamp lands were patented to the county, though very little of it is really unfit for cultivation. The State Agri- cultural College owns about 2,700 acres of land in this county. Mineral Resources. — Iron ore is found in large quantities. In 1839 and 1840 a forge and furnace were built on Little Sac River, and consider- able iron, of fair quality, was made, but the low prices and distance from market rendered the business unprofitable, and the workmen failing to receive their pay, out of revenge destroyed the machinery. It has never been rebuilt, nor has any other attempt been made to utilize the iron resources of the county. Coal of excellent quality crops out of the hill- side in many places, in the north-east and south-west. Childress and Hosey's banks, north of Stockton, have been worked since 1858. The surface veins vary in thickness from 18 to 36 inches, but no shafts having yet been sunk, nothing is certainly known of the extent and value of these deposits. At present coal is not considered worth more than the cost of mining. With railroad facilities, the iron and coal would be of im- mense value. There are also good indications of lead and copper in various parts of the county. The Manufacturing Interests are yet in abeyance, being limited to a wool-carding machine, a few flouring and saw-mills, cooper shops, etc. "Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^2,000,000.* ♦Assessed valuation for 1873, ;fi,838,338. Taxation about Ji. 05 on $100. Floating debt, $5,000. CEDAR COUNTY. 127 The Exports consist of wheat, oats, flax-seed, tobacco, wool, fruits, lumber and live stock ; cattle being the largest and most valuable item, horses and mules next, then wheat, tobacco and hogs. Flax-seed each year receives increased attention, and bids fair to stand prominently among the exports of the county. The Educational Interests are well attended to, there being 60 school-houses. The county and township funds amount to about $30,000; number of children of school age, 4063. Alice, (Horse Creek and Mule Creek,) a post-office 8 miles w. n. w of Stockton. Bear Creek (Paynterville), 8 miles e. s. e. of Stockton, on the Boli- var road, has 2 general stores. Population about 40. Cane Hill, 10 miles s. of Stockton, laid out in 1869, contains 4 stores and some other industries. Caplinger's Mills, (Sackville,) on the w. bank of the Sac River, 7 miles n. of Stockton and 23 miles s. e. of Schell City, its nearest railroad station, was settled in 1849 by Samuel Caplinger, who built the mills called by his name. These were destroyed and the dam washed away, during the war, and in 1866 the property changed hands; the mills being rebuilt by Andrew Masters, are now known as Masters' mills, though the post-office still retains the old name. In 1869, the town was laid off by Chandler, and has now a population of about 40. It is surrounded by a fertile country, has the best water power on Sac River, and near it is one of the best coal banks in the county. It contains 2 stores, a grist-mill and a saw-mill. Centreville, 18 miles w. n. w. of Stockton, was destroyed during the late war, and not rebuilt. Clintonville, 16 miles n. w. of Stockton, was laid out in 1857 by G. B. Adcock, and has a population of about 50. It contains 2 stores and a public school building. Clear Spring. — See Lebeck. Eaton, 20 miles n. w. of Stockton, was destroyed during the late war, and has not been rebuilt. Horse Creek. — See Alice. Lebeck (formerly Clear Spring), 17 miles n. n. w. of Stockton, settled in 1868 by Noah Graham, has a population of 30 or 40, and contains i steam saw-mill, 2 stores, a wagon shop and a public school building. Its nearest railroad station is Schell City, 16 miles distant. Mount Enterprise, 10 miles s. s. w. of Stockton, is located near the site of White Hare, which was entirely destroyed during the Civil War. There is a good public school here, and a few other houses. Mule Creek. — See Alice. Paynterville. — See Bear Creek. Sackville. — See Caplinger's Mill. 128 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS URL Silver Creek, 5 miles n. of Stockton, is so called because of its proximity to some mines, which were supposed to contain silver, but proved to be iron and antimony. STOCKTON, the county seat, is 30 miles s. e. of Schell City, its nearest station, on the M., K. &. T. R. R. It was called Lancaster until January 2d, 1847, when it was changed to Fremont. When Gen. Fre- mont ran for the Presidency in 1856, being objectionable to some of the influential citizens, they petitioned the Legislature for a second change, and the town received the name of Stockton. It was settled by Zimri Crabtree, March 26th, 1846. The site was selected on account of a very large spring, which gushes from the foot of the bluff on which the town is partly built. The place is laid out with much narrower streets than is usual in modern towns, and is surrounded by steep, rocky hills, but the adjacent country is generally fertile and well settled. It was incorpo- rated in 1855, has a population of about 400, and contains i church — Christian — worth ^1,800, 2 school-houses, 2 newspapers — the Stockton Journal, edited by H. C. Timmonds, and the South-west Tribune, edited by Jos. H. Dumars ; 3 hotels, i carding-machine, about 10 stores, i gun- smith, I saddlery and harness shop, i wagon shop, i tannery and i steam grist-mill, Virgil City, on the county line between Cedar and Vernon, 15 miles w. n. w. of Stockton, and about the same distance e. of Nevada, its nearest station on the M., K. & T. R. R., was laid out in 1866 by B. R. Con- yers and Virgil W. Kimball (for whom it was named), and has a popula- tion of about 200. It is located on a large prairie, sheltered on the n. w. by timber ; has a public school-house, a steam saw and grist-mill, i wagon and i harness shop, 10 stores, i hotel, etc. White Hare. — See Mt. Enterprise. CHARITON COUNTY, In the north-west-central part of the State, is bounded north by Linn and Macon Counties; east by Macon, Randolph and Howard; south by Howard and the Missouri River— which separates it from Saline, and west by Grand River— which separates it from Carroll and Livingston Counties, and contains 457^397 acres. Population in 1830, 1,780; in 1840, 4,746; in 1850, 7,514; m i860, 12,562; in 1870, 19,136, of whom 16,336 were white, and 2,800 colored; 9,913 male, and 9,223 female; 17,941 native (11,615 born in Missouri) and 1,195 foreign. History.— The first settlers were some French fur-traders, who located near the mouth of the Chariton River, and named it in honor of their leader. A very early settler was George Jackson, who afterward served in the Legislature. On June 10, 1804, Lewis and Clarke passed the mouths of Big and Little Chariton Rivers, which then had separate outlets, but which now unite about a mile before they empty into the Missouri. The Indians had a tradition of a large lake— traces of which are still apparent— in the fork of the Charitons, where they paddled their canoes and caught many fine fish. Some immigration took place previous to 181 2, when, owing to the war, it ceased, and was renewed in i Si 6 when this region was sectionized. In this year, John Hutchinson and two or ^hree families from Howard settled on Yellow Creek about 20 miles from Brunswick, where the first named lived until his death in 1857. A few years later, Henry Clark, revered for his piety and uprightness, settled on Clark's Branch in Clark Township, both of which perpetuate his name. At the time of the sur- vey, Congress granted to each of the soldiers of the war of 181 2, who had been honorably discharged, 160 acres of land, and the same to the widows and orphans of those who died or had been killed in the service. About 5,000 quarter sections were drawn in Missouri, a considerable num- ber of which were in Chariton County. Most of these fell into the hands of speculators, who held them expecting the improvements upon the adjacent lands would greatly enhance their value. The titles to a considerable portion of these lands were for a long time in dispute. The titles called " New Madrid Claims," lands granted to the sufferess by the New Madrid earthquakes, were partly located in this county, and were also largely held by speculators, which circumstance greatly retarded the settlement of the county. 13© CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. The first land sales took place in 1818, during which year large settle- ments were made. The town of Chariton, near the mouth of the Chari- ton River, about 2 miles above the present city of Glasgow, sprang up as if by magic. The splendid lands east in Howard, and north and west in Chariton, were thickly settled that fall. In the Missouri Bottom, west of the Big Chariton, were James Earickson, afterward Senator and State Treasurer, his son-in-law, Talton Turner, Archibald Hix, Sam'l Williams, father of John P. Williams, Col. John M. Bell, John Morse, Henry Lewis, Richard Woodson, John Doxey and others who occupied the county as far north as Bowling Green Prairie. In the forks of the Chari- ton were Joseph Vance, Col. Hiram Craig, Abram Lock, Nathaniel Butler, Thos, Watson, Peterson Parks, Robert Hays, Samuel Burch, Samuel Dinsmore, James Ryan and Abner Finnell ; and further north, James Heryford. In what is now Chariton Township were John Tooley, Samuel Forest, Joseph Maddox and Thos. Anderson. On the bluffs, as it was called, were Maj. Dan'l Ashby, afterward State Senator, Abram Sportsman, Alex. Trent, John Harris, and John Sportsman ; Edward B. Cabell and family also came in 1818. Many others settled here from 181 8 to 1820. There was also a small settlement on Salt Creek, consist- ing of William and John Beatty and a few others. About this time Thos. Stanley settled on Grand RiVer. During the winter he lived in the hollow part of a huge sycamore log, keeping his fire outside. This habitation proved highly convenient, as it was light enough for him to roll around out of the smoke when the wind was in the wrong direction. With such books as the settlement afforded, he spent his long winter even- ings; a sycamore splinter dipped in raccoon oil supplied him with light; the wild game of the forest and prairie furnished his table ; and here he lived as happy, if not as comfortable, as a prince. The Indians in those days were numerous and sometimes troublesome. Skirmishes with them were not unfrequent, for they made occasional forays into the settlements, stealing whatever valuables they could find. These visits were always resented, and in most instances the property was recovered. But few dry goods were brought to the county, as these were mostly manufactured by the industrious women of that period. Nearly all the pioneers were men of intelligence, substance and energy, well qualified to build up a new country. With such surroundings the town of Chariton grew rapidly, and was soon regarded by the people as the most promising place in the State. Intelligent men, who owned land in St. Louis, exchanged it for lots in Chariton. Wm. Cabeen gave lots in St. Louis, situated between the Planters' House and the river, for lots of equal size in Chariton. The site of Chariton is now a farm, and St. Louis is the "Future Great City." Among the first inhabitants of the town were Gen. Duff Green, his brother-in-law, Sample, Dr. John Bull, John AuU, James Glasgow, Stephen Donohoe, John Moore, Col. CHARITON COUNTY. I3' Findley and Mr. Campbell. Rev. John M. Peck preached in Chariton Tan /iSiQ, and in the succeeding week organized a "m.te society, of which Mrs. Duff Green was president. In the spring of 18.9. the first Sunday school west of St. Louis was organized,-the town then con- taining about 30 families. In i8ao, John Bowler, a Baptist preacher, ^' tI: coif; was organized Nov. ,6, x8.o, and the county seat w^ located at the town of Chariton. Edward B. Cabell was appointed clerk of the county and circuit courts, and held that office for -arlyso years ; John Moore was the first sheriff; Col. Hiram Craig, CoL John M. Be 1 Ld Meshach Llewellyn, formed the county court; -^ J"dge lodd presided in the circuit court. George Buckhartt, »ho 'esided in what 1 now Randolph County, was the first representative. Duff Green one of "he mo^t dilinguished men in this region in those early times, afterward edtoof" the i. S. Telegraph at Washington, was, upon one occasion a cadidate for major of the militia, the opposing candidate being the cdebrated Indian fighter. Col. Cooper. Some misunderstanding ex, ted beweetthe rival candidates. Green was to address the voters on election day and Cooper declared that if he dared to do so he would pull him down and chastise him. Green knew this, but commenced his speech at ^appointed time. He saw Cooper making his way through 'he crcnvd evidently intent upon putting his threat into execution. He went on untrcooper was quite near, when, turning his eagle eyes upon him and "a'i^g hs hand upon his sword, he mildly said: "Old gentleman I reLe?t your gray hairs." No further interruption occurred. Cooper known to be a brave man, on being asked why he stopped, repbed: s^w something in Green's eyes which warned me to keep, 'ha"d-ff- Green was elected. About this time he was also appointed by Gov. Clarke to distribute a quantity of goods to the Indians in these regions. On of th few steamboats then navigating the Missouri, was slowly making i' s way up-stream, with the Indian goods aboard The copper pi« by which the steam escaped was made in the form of a snake, head ^^t and jaws wide apart, and placed in d,e water in f""' °f *^ ^^ ■ and the steam gushed out at intervals with a loud snort The Indians "owding the bank, watched the boat (the first they had ever seen) wnh ^n°ense Interest. As it came near enough for them .0 see the terrible re in *e water, drawing it along as they thought the officers on board fired a small cannon. This was too much for the red men, and away they tent fly^g n consternation through the woods in all directions and it :: not ™?il the next day that they could be P--"^^^;;!;- ^ ^^ ^d In the winter of 1833-.4, Findley's steam mill ■"Ch-ton w^burn d This was the first misfortune. In the -™™- "^ '*;/,' ^^"jte" it Missouri River inundated its bottom lands to a depth "f ^-^^"^'/^^ ' " ^^^^TasToned great loss and distress to those living in the submerged district. 132 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS QUEL and after the waters subsided, fever and sickness prevailed. From 1826 to 1830 the county gradually increased in population and wealth, and the people began to make homes in the Missouri Bottom. A body of militia was organized into companies, commanded by Gen. John B. Clark, who marched to the frontier during the Black Hawk War. Martin Palmer (known as the Ring-tail Painter), a singular man and a recluse in his habits, about this time had a cabin on Palmer's Creek, which is named for him. He was a rough man, but hospitable and intrepid, with many eccentricities and good native talent. He was the first Repre- sentative in the Legislature from Chariton County. Many of the earlier settlers were from the tobacco-growing regions of Virginia and Kentucky, and finding both soil and climate here admirably adapted to it, entered largely into its culture with great profit, although the price rarely exceeded from $2.50 to ^3.00 per 100 lbs. Corn was so extensively produced as to be dull sale at from 10 to 12^ cents per bushel. The spontaneous products of the forests and prairies furnished abundance of food for stock, so there was poor demand for corn at home or abroad. About 1825, Jno. P. Williams, then a boy, went out with one of his colored servants coon-hunting. They treed 3 large coons, and after hard work felling trees, and a terrible fight in which dogs, coons and men all took an active and exhaustive part, the coons were captured, killed and drawn home, when they turned out to be panthers, much to the pride and gratification of all concerned. During the late war, Chariton County had its share of "unpleasant- ness." September 20, 1864, the Confederates under Thrailkill and Todd burned the court-house at Keytesville. All the records of the circuit court and recorder's office were saved except two or three books. All would have been burned had it not been for the heroic efforts of Judge Lucien Salisbury. The sheriff of the county, Mr. Robert Carman, a good citizen, whose loss was deeply lamented, was murdered the same day by the men who destroyed the court-house. Gen. Sterling Price was for a long time a citizen of Chariton. He was sent to the Legislature several times, and was also elected to Congress. He won the admiration and respect of all political parties by his gentlemanly and consistent course, and as a citizen and neighbor was loved by all. Maj. Daniel Ashby, one of the pioneers, is still alive, nearly 85 years old. He was an honest politician of the Jefferson school, fond of a good joke, and withal a first-class hunter. Many a panther, bear and deer has been " brought down " by his unerring rifle. Judge Lisbon Applegate, of Keytesville, born in Shelby County, Ken- tucky, July 27, 1803, came to Missouri in 1822, and was for a time Government surveyor. In 1845 ^^ ^^^^ elected a member of the Consti- tutional Convention, and was county judge for many years. The honest CHARITON COUNTY. 133 ana genial old gentleman still lives to enjoy the hearty salutations of his neighbors. Physical Features. — The county is drained by Grand River on its western boundary, and by its tributaries, and sub-tributaries, Elk, Turkey, Yellow and Little Yellow Creeks, also by the Chariton River, which enters the north-east corner of the county, and flows in a south-westerly course until about 4 miles south of Keytes- ville, where it turns south-easterly to the Missouri, which lies on the south-western boundary. The extreme south-eastern part is drained by Chariton Creek and the East Fork of Chariton River. The county is made up of prairies, which are mostly upland, and timber which skirts the streams. The prairies are from 3 to 5 miles wide and 10 to 15 miles in length. The timber, which is abundant, consists of the best black and white walnut, oak, ash, elm, and numerous other growths, including box-wood and papaw. The southern part of the county consists largely of very rich bottom and second bottom lands. The same general features mark the lands along the Grand and Chariton Rivers, with their branches. Further north the land is high, arable and productive, but not quite so rich. On the river near the west line of the county is Bowling Green Prairie, which is claimed to be as rich as any body of land in Missouri. The Agricultural Productions are tobacco, wheat, corn, oats, hay, apples, peaches and fruits of all kinds. Blue grass and prairie grass fur- nish pasturage, the former growing equal to the best in Kentucky, and fast taking the place of the latter. Stock-raising is receiving increased attention, and this county will, in a short time, rank high for its valuable improved stock. The soil is especially adapted to raising tobacco, and the crop of 1873 ^^ estimated at 10,000,000 pounds. There are 30,000 acres, formerly known as swamp lands, which the county subscribed to the construction of the West Branch of the N. M. R. R. Large tracts 01 land are lying idle for want of settlers, and the county to-day presents one of the finest fields for emigrants to be found in the West. Mineral Resources. — Bituminous coal, said to make excellent coke for foundry purposes, is abundant, but only surface veins have yet been opened by the farmers, except in one or two places. Underlying these are thicker and more valuable veins, capable of being profitably worked. The coal crops out on the slopes, and probably underlies the uplands at a depth of 200 feet or more. The vein at present worked is accompanied by about one foot of fire clay, adapted to the manufactory of pottery and fire brick, but beneath it there is a stratum of three feet in thickness, cropping out on Brush Creek at about high-water mark. The veins mentioned furnish about y^^^ feet thickness of coal, within the space of about 50 feet. The Manufacturing Interests are confined to several excellent 134 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL flouring-mills of good, and several others of limited, capacity, and a number of tobacco factories. Plows and agricultural implements are man- ufactured on a small scale, an establishment at Keytesville doing the largest business, and others at Brunswick and Salisbury doing nearly as much. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^9, 500,000.* Railroads. — The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway has 24 miles of its Omaha Branch running n. n. w. from Brunswick, and 28 miles of its main track traversing the county from east to west. The Keokuk & Kansas City Railroad has 11 miles of track between Salis- bury and Glasgow, and several miles graded n. e. of Salisbury. Exports. — Tobacco is the principal one, but grain, hogs, cattle, sheep and horses are shipped in considerable quantities. The export of coal also amounts to considerable in the course of a year. Educational Interests. — The public schools are well organized, and there are good buildings in nearly every district. Brunswick, on the Missouri, at the mouth of the Grand River, and on the St. L. , K. C. & N. R. W., at its junction with the Omaha Branch, is an old town, well laid out, built mostly of brick, and has the advan- tage of both river and railroad transportation. It is the principal town of the county, and contains i bank, 2 hotels, 8 churches — Catholic, Epis- copal, Presbyterian, Lutheran, German Methodist, M. E. Ch. South, M. E. Ch., and colored Methodist, i first-class flouring, i custom and i saw- mill, 5 tobacco factories, i agricultural implement manufactory, 3 wagon and plow shops, i brewery, 2 lumber yards, an excellent graded school, and I newspaper — the Brunswicker, Naylor & Balthis editors and pub- lishers ; and about 50 stores. Population, about 2,000. Bynumville, a post-office 16 miles n, n. e. from Keytesville, is sur- rounded by a fine country. Cunningham, on the Omaha Branch R. R., 18 miles n. of Bruns- wick, was settled in 1870, and has i church, a few business houses and about 200 inhabitants. Dalton, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 4 miles w. of Keytesville, has several stores, and is a good shipping point. Population about 300. Forest Green, a new town on the K. & K. C. R. R., 7 miles s. of Salisbury, promises well. KEYTESVILLE, the county seat, pleasantly situated on Muscle Fork of Chariton River, and on the St. L. , K. C. & N. R. W., 174 miles from St. Louis, has a beautiful and healthful location, and the finest water power in the county. The town, i^ miles from the railroad station, was settled in 1832, and named in honor of James Keytes, of * Assessed Taluation for 1873, $5,374,615. Taxation, 1.95 per $100. Bonded debt, $221,000 000 for milroads). Floating debt, $«o,ooo. CHARITON COUNTY. 135 England. It contains 2 hotels, i first-class flouring-mill, 2 wagon, plow and agricultural implement manufactories, 2 tobacco factories, i bank, 2 churches — Methodist and Presbyterian, an excellent public school with three teachers and an average attendance of 140 scholars, i newspaper — the Herald — Thos. D. Bogie editor, a number of stores and shops, and one of the finest court-houses in the State, built in 1867, size 50 x no feet, 2 stories, finished in the best style. The county also has a jail costing ^13,000, built in 1870, with a residence for the jailer atttached. Population about 1,000. Keytesville Landing is an old steamboat landing, and before the completion of the railroad was a point of considerable importance, it being the landing place for Keytesville. Large quantities of tobacco and other produce were formerly shipped from there, and large quantities of goods were also received. It was the home of Sterling Price, and, there- fore, a place of historic interest. Mendon, (Salt Creek,) 10 miles n. of Brunswick, has i store. Muscle Fork, a post-office 12 miles n. of Keytesville. Porc'he's Prairie, (Triplett,) on the Omaha Branch R. R., 7 miles n. w. of Brunswick, has 3 stores and i tobacco factory. Population about x*25. Prairie Hill, a post-office 9 miles n. n. e. of Salisbury. Rothville, a post-office 17 miles n. of Brunswick. Salisbury, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 167 miles from St. Louis, and 7 miles east of Keytesville, was laid off by Judge Lucien Salis- bury in 1866, and has a beautiful and healthful location, surrounded by a rich agricultural country. It contains 2 hotels, 3 tobacco factories, i saw-mill, a first-class flouring-mill, 3 wagon, plow and agricultural imple- ment manufactories, i cooper shop, 2 lumber yards, 4 churches — Episco- pal, Presbyterian and 2 Baptist, an excellent public school, a public library of 500 volumes, the general offices of the K. & K. C. R. R., i newspaper — The Press, Samuel & Gallimore, editors and proprietors, and about 40 stores and business houses. Fine bituminous coal in abundance is found 2 miles east of the town. Population about 1,500. Salt Creek. — See Mendon. Shannon, on the K. & K. C. R. R., 5 miles s. of Salisbury, has 1 store. Triplett. — See Porche's Prairie. Westville, 17 miles n. of Keytesville, in the north-east portion of the county, located in a fine country, is an older and much more settled place than its fellows on the railroads. It has 3 stores, i tobacco fac- tory, I steam flouring mill, other business houses, and a Masonic hall. Population about 125. CHRISTIAN COUNTY. In the southern part of the State, is bounded north by Green and Webster Counties, east by Douglas, south by Taney and Stone, and west by Stone and Lawrence Counties, and contains 347^520 acres. Population in i860, 5,491; in 1870, 6,707, of whom 6,593 were white, and 114 colored; 3,374 male, and Zy333 female; 6,670 native (3,511 born in Missouri) and 37 foreign. History, — In 1822 a Mr. Wells built a hut on Finley Creek, 2 miles from its confluence with the James River. The same year Mr. Pettijohn and others with their families left their homes in Ohio, traveling in a keel boat down the Muskingum, Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, to the mouth of the Arkansas, thence ascending that river, the White River and James Tork to the present site of Delaware. During the journey most of the party were stricken with sickness, and at one time came near starving. In 1823 the Delaware Indians built a town on a portion of Mr. Petti- john's claim, and annoyed the settlers considerably. In 1830 the Indians were removed to Kansas, but continued to return every year to their old hunting grounds on James River. The settlers in 1836 appealed to the Governor to prevent this annoyance, and he sent a company of militia to escort the red men to their own hunting grounds, after which they molested the settlers no more. The county was organized March 8th, i860. During the Civil War, the battle of Wilson's Creek was fought on Mr. Sharpe's farm near the boun- dary of Greene County. Several cannon balls passed through the house, and the family fled to the cellar for safety. This was the only battle, but during the whole war numerous skirmishes occurred, and much property was destroyed. Among other lawless deeds, the county and circuit clerk's ofiices were rifled, and the court-house was burned, together with all the records and public papers. Physical Featur&s.— Christian County is on the southern slope of the Ozark Mountains. Its surface is undulating ; in some places hilly and broken, and in others, stretching out into prairie. The soil of the valleys and some of the uplands is excellent ; the county generally along the streams is heavily timbered with pine, walnut, ash, hickory, butter- nut, maple, linden, sugar-maple, hackberry, sycamore, wild cherry and oak of many kinds. James Fork of White River, flowing southerly, crosses the western part of the county. Stewart and Martin Creeks are in the extreme north-east, and empty into Finley Creek, which 138 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOUKL runs west-south-west to James Fork. Swan Creek and its tributaries, Lost, Cedar, Hodges, Elkhorn and Barker Creeks, drain the south-eastern, while Bull and numerous small affluents are in the southern part of the county. Good springs abound, and Avells of excellent water can be ob- tained on the prairies at depths varying from 15 to 35 feet. The subsoil is generally dark red, largely mixed with gravel. The bottom lands along the streams are very productive. Between James River and Finley Creek is a section of very fertile land. There are several caves in the county. The principal one, which is a favorite resort for picnic parties, is 2)^ miles north-east of Ozark. Its entrance is through a rock-arch 50 feet across and 80 feet high. About 400 feet from the entrance, the pas- sage is so contracted that the explorer must crawl through on his hands and knees. A fine stream of water, clear and cold, gurgles down through the cave. About 12 miles south of Ozark, near the Forsyth road, on the top of a very high hill is a small opening, which, about 100 feet from the surface, expands into a hall 30 feet wide and about 400 feet long, the sides and top of which are of rock lined with beautiful stalactites. There is appar- ently no other opening, although it is generally believed that there is an outlet which explorers have failed to find. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats and tobacco. Potatoes, hay, rye, sweet potatoes and buckwheat are raised chiefly for the home demand. Fruit is each year attracting greater attention. Tobacco grows luxuriantly and of fine quality. The excellent natural under-drainage and the altitude of the county above the sea-level, peculi- arly adapt it to the culture of all fruits of this latitude. Stock-raising engrosses much of the attention of the farmers. There is a considerable quantity of Government lands in this county which is subject to entry at ^1.25 per acre; some of it is good farming lands, but it is principally valuable for its minerals and timber. The Atlantic & Pacific Railroad Co. have about 32,000 acres of superior land in this county for sale at from $5 to $\o per acre on liberal terms.* Mineral Resources. — Lead mining was carried on before the war quite extensively, and with satisfactory results, about 12 or 18 miles east of Ozark. The operations were mainly surface work, only one shaft being sunk over 50 feet. During 1873 work was again commenced with profit- able yield and flattering prospects. Considerable lead has been obtained 2)^ miles south-west of Ozark, and some near Bull Creek. Near Kenton there is a vein of black-jack and lead which has been somewhat developed. Tripoli has been discovered on Finley Creek, about 4 miles west of Ozark. There are, apparently, rich deposits of iron 3 to 5 -miles south-east of Billings. ♦The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, ef purchase money at ftme of sale, the balance to be paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven ye.-irs ; and offer free transportation irom St. Louis to. the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix— Page CHRISTIAN COUNTY. 139 The Manufacturing Interests are confined to a few flouring, saw and grist-mills and tobacco factories. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $1,800,000.* Railroads. — The Atlantic & Pacific Railroad has about 7 miles of track in the north-western part of the county. The Exports are corn, wheat, tobacco, oats, live stock, hides, lumber and fruit. Educational. — There are 42 sub-districts in the county, and a lively interest is manifested by the citizens in this important subject. Billings, on the A. & P. R. R., 261 miles from St. Louis, laid out in 1872, has a population of about 150, and contains i hotel, i church, 6 stores, I brick yard, etc. Bull's Mills, a post-office 14^ miles s. of Ozark. Dela^va^e To^vn, a post-office 7 miles e. of Billings, was the first settled place in the county. Elk Head, a post-office 16 miles e. of Ozark. Highlandville, a post-office 10 miles s. w. of Ozark. Kenton, (Linden,) 5 miles e. of Ozark, on the north bank of Finley Creek, at the foot of an abrupt hill, was laid off in 1847 by Wm, Friend, and contains 3 general stores, a grist-mill, school-house, blacksmith shop, and about" 150 inhabitants. Linden. — See Kenton. Miners ville, a post office 19 miles s. of Ozark, is located on Swan Creek, in a good mineral section. OZARK, the county seat, is situated on the south bank of Finley Creek, 15 miles s. of Springfield. In 1865 the court-house was burned, destroying all the public records. The town was much damaged during the war, but has recuperated rapidly, having a population of about 500, and containing 6 stores, i hotel, i saw and grist-mill, i tobacco factory, I harness and i wagon shop, and i church — Baptist. The school build- ings are all new, and the schools are in a flourishing condition. The Monitor, published by John A. Richardson, is the only paper in the county. *JAssessed valuation in 1873, ^1,068,962. Bonded debt, ^17,750. CLARK COUNTY, In the north-east corner of the State, is bounded north by Iowa, north- east by the Des Moines River— which separates it from Iowa, east by the Mississippi River— which separates it from Illinois, south by Lewis County, and west by Knox and Scotland Counties, and contains 322,000 acres. Population in 1840, 2,846; in 1850, 5,527; in i860, 11,684; in 1870, 13,667, ofwhomi3,372 were white, and 295 colored; 7,050 male, and 6,617 female; 12,851 native (5,734 born in Missouri) and 816 foreign. History— m September, 1829, Jacob Weaver, from Kentucky, and Sackebt, settled on the Des Moines River near the present site of St. Francisville, and Wm. Clark, in 1830, built a cabin below the present town of Athens. Jeremiah Wayland, Geo. Heywood and Sam'l Bartlett, all from the same neighborhood in Kentucky, followed in November. There was no road above Tully, but they pushed their way through the brush and the high grass to the present site of St. Francisville, where " Uncle Jerry Wayland" built the first cabin. In this he lived until the great flood of 1832, when it was swept away. He then built on the second bottom, now in St. Francisville, where he still resides. Messrs. Bartlett and Heywood built lower down on the bluff, about i mile from the river. Giles Sullivan, the next spring, settled 2 miles above Mr. Wayland. The first children born were Geo. Wayland, Elizabeth Bartlett and Martha Heywood. The first death that occurred among this little band in the wilderness was that of Mrs. Sullivan, in 1831, and ''Uncle Jerry" broke up his wagon to make the coffin. In 1830, Dr. Tribue settled just below Honey Creek, and afterward built a horse-mill. About the same time Mr. Wormington settled on the north side of Sugar Creek, and Henry Floyd on the bluffs, about 2 miles north of the present site of Waterloo. Wm. Bartlett, or "Uncle Billy," as he is familiarly called by half the county, plowed the first corn-field, which was on Mr. Sackett's land, while the proprietor lay in his cabin shaking with ague. These last named immigrants landed at Keokuk (the brush and mosquitoes at the mouth of the Des Moines preventing any boat from touching there) and making their way as best they could to the present site of St. Francisville, were "poled up" the Des Moines by "Uncle Jerry," Sam'l Bartlett and Peter Gillis in a pirogue. The winter of 1830-31 is still remembered by these pioneers for the depth of its snows ; it was impossible for them to reach the nearest mill at Palmyra, 60 miles distant, and the Indians encamped in the bottoms 142 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL of the Des Moines lost nearly all of their horses. In 1831, Col. Ruther- ford, of Tennessee, and Richard Riley and Dabney Phillips, of Kentucky, arrived, bringing with them a few negroes; the former settled on the bluff, 2 miles east of Waterloo, and the two latter near the Des Moines. "Aunt Cally," who was brought by Mr. Sam'l Bartlett, was the first colored woman in the county. She is still living, and boasts of having nursed about one-half of the present inhabitants. Gen. Harrison, a trapper and interpreter, seems to have settled in 1831 near the present site of Sweet Home. The first marriage in the settle- ment was that of Wm. Clark, of Illinois, who arrived about 1830, and Widow Elizabeth Payne. The ceremony was performed at Uncle Jerry's cabin, by one who, in the course of a few months, proved to be a bogus minister. Accordingly another big dinner was given, and Squire Robt. Sinclair was brought from Tully to perfor.m the ceremony "cordin' to law." Mr. Clark charged the Squire to hold himself ready to come again "in case the old woman got skeery." In 1832, J. Weaver built the first mill on Fox Creek, 3 miles below the present site of Waterloo, afterward known as Moore's Mill. The great flood of the same year, and the rumor of trouble with the Sacs and Foxes, checked immigration, and only Wm. D. Henshaw, of Virginia, and Messrs. Butts, Rebo and Ripper, of Kentucky, were brave enough to cast their fortunes with the young settlement. Uncle Jerry Wayland had aflways preserved friendly relations with the Indians who hunted about the Des Moines. Among them were Keokuk and his brother, Mack-a-ce- ne-ne, who warned him that it was not safe for the settlers to remain — that an outbreak was liable to occur at any moment. Mack-a-ce-ne-ne had often been lodged and fed at Uncle Jerry's Cabin, and a singular friendship existed between them. The Indian, after consenting to join Black Hawk, called upon his white friend, and said he felt convinced they would never meet again. Even the stoicism of his race gave way, and he said " good-bye " with the profoundest emotion. He was killed in the last skirmish of the Black Hawk War. After these warnings the settlers sent the women and children to Tully, they taking care of their crops with their guns beside them, and camping at night in Sam'l Bartlett's cabin, which was converted into a block-house. Eventually a company from Pike, Capt. Mace in command, reached them, and soon Fort Pike, at the present site of St. Francisville, was built for the better protection of the settlers. The troops remained 3 months, John Montgomery, afterward a resident of Clark, acting as Colonel, and Geo. K. Biggs, our present State Representative, being in the ranks. After Black Hawk's defeat and during his journey to, and his imprison- ment at Washington, his squaw and little son were constant visitors at Uncle Jerry's cabin, aiding him in his daily work, digging potatoes, hoeing corn, etc. The Indian woman, notwithstanding Uncle Jerry's CLARK COUNTY. 143 assurances that Black Hawk would return in safety, was full of anxiety for her absent husband, and when her chief presented himself arrayed in a full suit of citizen's clothes, her delight and amazement knew no bounds. During the Indian troubles a few left the settlement, but in 1833, Geo. and Isaac Grey, Beadle Benning, and Harlin Rawling, settled at the present site of Athens, and Peter and David Hay settled where the first pioneers crossed Fox Creek; W. Johnson and Col. Charles O. Sandford, near the present site of Waterloo, at which place the latter built a mill. In 1833, John Stake opened a store in St. Francisville, his stock con- sisting of powder, shot, pipes, tobacco and whisky. In 1834, there was 85o, he commenced hts ?„ a preacher and author. In ,857, he pubUshed hts; work ent.tled ^Re i"v o'f Campbellism Examined," a taok of mertt tn a controvers.al potnt of view. In .863, he emigrated to Kentucky and commenced the nublication of "Lard's Quarterly," a magazine of much abi ity. Mr. ?: i" man of uncommon capacity. He o^n soars mto^ereg.o of the sublime. His mind is comprehensive and bold He loves to ^ve whdm the hearer by the force and magnificence of his hought,- meferring the grand to the pathetic. He is eminently analytical in his m"de of t'hought-logical always, and grasps his theme with the confidence '1hTsicIrFTr;es.-The south-western and southern portions of the co!nty are q!ite hilly near the streams ; but in the northern, central and Tern portions, the'slopes rise very gently from the bottom t^the up lands which swell with beautiful undulations. The bluffs along the Missou River vary from 50 .0 .co fee. in height. The southern half of A county i^ nearly all heavilywooded Jand, extending back from the Mssouri Rver r/ miles. About one-fifth of the northern half of the founty is praTrie. The wood is mostly elm, ash, linden maple (white and Iigar), oak, (red, white, laurel, Spanish, pin, black and rock- l.nS,hickor, (shag-bark, thick shell-bark and pignut , b^ack walnu . rherrv locust and iron-wood. Near the prairies, it is mostly laurel d L oak elm cherry, sumach and persimmon; post oak and fragrant sumach oc'cuf in 'ihe eastern part of the county. Fishing S w th its numerous tributaries, drains more than one-fourth of ^rnoleastern, eastern and south-eastern parts of the coumy Smith's Fork of the Platte River, with its tributaries. Fry, Camp fcal Branch) Holtzclaw, Duncan and Wilkinson Creeks drain heTorth-Tef r'n portion, while Big Shoal, Little Shoa and Rush Creeks, and numerous smaller streams, flowing into the Missouri i^iver. 158 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MICSOURL drain the central, southern and south-western portions of the county. Most of the land is rich — only a small strip lying east of Williams' Creek, in the eastern part of the county, being of inferior quality. Agricultural Productions. — The chief productions are corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, rye, barley, hemp and tobacco. The grasses, timothy, clover, millet, hungarian and blue, grow luxuriantly. All garden vege- tables succeed well. There are now several large vineyards, covering, in the aggregate, twenty-five or thirty acres. The grape succeeds well and is receiving increased attention. The most successful varieties are the Concord and Norton's Virginia Seedling. It is thought that there are two or three native varieties which merit attention. The peach is uncertain. The apple of every variety attains the utmost perfection as regards size, flavor, juiciness and beauty of color. The great staple is corn. The average yield of hemp, with ordinary culture and a reason- ably fair season, is 900 pounds to the acre, and of tobacco, under the like circumstances, 1000 pounds. It is a superior stock county. The Mineral Resources, (so far as known) are limited. There are slight indications of coal and lead. The Manufacturing Interests, aside from those noted in the differ- ent towns, are the usual quota of grist and saw-mills and a woolen mill, "Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $8,000,000*. Railroads. — There are four railroads running through the county, as follows: Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R., 293^ miles; St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W., 17^ miles; St. Louis & St. Joseph R. R., \){ miles; Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs R. R., 3^ miles. The St. L., K. C. & N. R. W. now terminates at Minaville (N. M. Junc- tion) 8 miles from Kansas City, using the track of the H. & St. J. R. R. for that space, but proposes soon to build a track of its own. The Exports are flour, tobacco, hemp, hogs, mules, horses, beef cattle, timber and lumber also wine, vegetables and fruit. Education. — This county is well supplied with good schools, and its inhabitants, in point of education, will not suffer in a comparison with the people of any county in the State. Its chief institution of learning is William Jewell College, located at Liberty. It was founded Febru- ary 27th, 1849, organized in schools on the plan of the University of Virginia, named in honor of the late Dr. William Jewell, of Columbia, Mo., who gave $10,000 toward its endowment, and is under the control of the Baptists of Missouri. It has a corps of able, efficient, scientific professors, and many of its graduates bear testimony to its thorough •Assessed valuation for 1873, 54,722,326. Total debt of the county (all funded), ^249,900. Its bonds bear 10 per cent, interest, payable semi-annually, which, being promptly paid, makes th^m worth from I to 3 per cent, above par. The city of Liberty has a debt (funded) of about ^40,000, bearing lo per cent, interest. The taxation for State and county purposes fqr the year 1873, was ^1.45 per jjioo. Tho railroad debt was originally ^200.000. CZAV COUNTY. 159 training. In point of scholarship, it takes rank with the best institutions in the West. The college edifice is very handsome, and one of the finest in the State. It is situated on a commanding eminence, overlook- ing Liberty and a wide expanse of beautiful country. There are also at Liberty a Catholic Institute, and Liberty Female College — both pri- vate enterprises of good local reputation, and in a prosperous condition. The public school system has been in full operation for some years throughout the county, and in every sub-district there is a substantial school-house. The public school building at Liberty is an ornament to the city, and is a model of beauty and convenience. The attendance of pupils in the county is fully up to the average of counties. Churches. — The various denominations of Christians rank numeri- cally as follows: Christians, Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians, Catho- lics and Episcopalians. The church accommodation is unusually large, there being hardly a neighborhood without a comfortable edifice. Arnold, (Blue Eagle,) a station on the K. C. Branch of the H. & St. J. R. R., 7 miles s. w. from Liberty, has a population of 40 or 50. Barry, 10 miles w. from Liberty, 7 miles n. from Harlem, has a pop- ulation of about 75. and 2 churches. Blue Eagle. — See Arnold. Clays ville, (Prospect Hill,) 9 miles n. e. of Kearney, laid out in 1850, has a population of about 50. Claytonville. — See Greenville. Gosney ville, (Paradise,) 8 miles n. w. from Kearney, has about 40 inhabitants. Greenville, (Claytonville,) 6 miles n. e. from Kearney, has 2 churches — Methodist and Christian, and about 70 inhabitants. Harlem, on the north bank of the Missouri River, opposite Kansas City, and connected by the Hannibal and St. Joseph Bridge with all the railroads centering at the latter place, has a population of about 150. Holt, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 17 miles n. from Liberty, has an excellent flouring and saw-mill. Population, about 125. Kearney, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 9 miles n. from Liberty, incor- porated in 1869, contains 3 churches — Baptist, Presbyterian and Chris- tian, 8 stores and i flouring-mill. It is situated in a beautiful and rich country, and its prospects are good. Population, about 450. LIBERTY, the county seat, on the K. C. Branch of the H. & St. J, R. R., 14 miles from Kansas City and 3^ miles from the Missouri River and the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., was laid out in 1822, incorporated as a city in 185 1, and contains a population of about 1,800. This is one of the most agreeable towns in the State, and would be a pleasant summer residence for persons from the large cities. Nearly all of its streets are macadamized, and its side-walks are very good. It is situated in a beauti- ful valley, with high ridges on the east, north and west, and interspersed i6o CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. with many forest and ornamental trees, — presenting a charming appear- ance. It contains, (besides the educational institutions above noted,) a fine court-house, 5 churches — Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, Christian and Catholic, 7 dry good stores, 3 drug and 4 grocery stores, 2 flouring and 2 woollen-mills, i foundry and machine shop, 2 tailor, 2 tin, 3 black- smith and 2 carriage shops, 2 banks, i hotel and i newspaper — The Tribune, established in 1846, published by Robt. H. Miller. Liberty Landing, on the north bank of the Missouri River, is a station on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 13 miles from Kansas City, and 3^ miles from Liberty. This would make a good manufacturing point. Minaville, (N. M. Junction,) on the Missouri, 6 miles s. w. from Liberty and 8 miles from Kansas City, is the junction of the H. & St. J. R. R. with the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W. Missouri City, on the north bank of the Missouri River, 71^ miles from Liberty, on the St, L., K. C. & N. R. W., and 21 miles from Kansas City, was incorporated in 1859. It contains 2 churches, 6 stores, i bank, I hotel and i tobacco factory, and is the shipping point for the south- eastern part of the county. It is a substantial, prosperous town. Popu- lation about 600. North Missouri Junction. — See Minaville. Paradise. — See Gosneyville. Prospect Hill. — See Claysville. Pratherville, 10 miles n. e. from Liberty, in a heavily timbered and fertile district, contains about 30 inhabitants. Robertson, is a station on the H. & St. J. R. R., 5 miles n. from Liberty. Smithville, 13 miles n. w. from Liberty and 9 miles from Kearney, contains about 100 inhabitants, and is surrounded by a very rich country. Photographed by J. T. Hicks. WILLIAM JEWELL COLLEGE BUILDING. William Jewell College, Liberty, Mo., chartered by the Missouri Le!!sllre February .7th, 1849, is controlled by the Baptists of M.ssoun. FACULTY : Rkv. W. R. Rothwell, a. M., Chairman of Faculty, Professor of Biblical Literature and Interpretation. R B. Semple, a. M., Professor of Latin and French. ^ ^ Professor of Greek and German. JAMKS G. Clark,, A. M., Professor of Mathematics. I R Eaton A. M., Professor of Natural Science. RKV. NoKMaN Fox, A M., Professor of Ecclesiastical and Cvd History, ^^nd English Literature. REV. A. J. Emerson, A. M., Principal of the Preparatory Department. OFFICERS OF THE P-OARD OF TRUSTEES; HON. JNO. B. WORNALL, President. Jno. L. Peak, Treasurer. D. C. Allen, Secretary. ^Supplied by Faculty until vacancy shall be filled by the Trustees. CLINTON COUNTY, In the north-western part of the State, is bounded north by De Kalb County, east by Caldwell and Ray, south by Clay, and west by Platte and Buchanan Counties, and contains 264,623 acres. Population.— In 1840, 2,724; in 1850, 3,786; in i860, 7,848; in 1870, 14,063, of whom 13,380 were white and 683 colored; 7.582 male and 6,481 female; 13,036 native (6,358 born in Missouri) and 1,027 foreign. History.— About 1830, David Castile settled on the creek which bears his name, and was soon followed by Washington Huffaker, Page Stanley, James and William Groom, Moses McMahon, the Vassars and others from Clay County. Before its organization, Clinton was attached to Clay, for civil and military purposes, and extended north to the Iowa line. At this time the people purchased their supplies at Liberty, while their milling was done at "Yankee Smith's" in Clay County. There was no serious trouble with the Indians, but petty thieving was carried on quite extensively by them until one of their number was found lying dead across a very large hog. This circumstance effectually stopped their depredations. Being on the line of the Platte Purchase, then an Indian reservation, the settlers were frequently annoyed by sol- diers from Fort Leavenworth, who ranged through that section to keep people from settling on Indian land before it come into market. The county was organized from a part of Clay, Jan. 15th, 1833, and in- cluded the present territory of Gentry and Worth Counties. It was reduced to its present limits Feb. 1 2th, 1 841 . Governor Dunklin appoint- ed John P. Smith, Archibald Elliott and Stephen Jones county justices. The first court was held in April, 1833, at the house of John Bigger- staff, John P. Smith presiding, and Richard R. Reese clerk. Thompson Smith was appointed sheriff, Washington Huffaker, collector, Elijah Fry, assessor, John BiggerstafF, treasurer and Levi Thatcher, surveyor. Clinton County furnished several companies for the Black Hawk War, commanded by Col. Lewis Wood ; also several companies for the Mormon War, who did good service in expelling the "saints" from Far West. In the late Civil War, the people were about equally divided in sentiment and furnished soldiers for both armies, many of whom were distinguished for their valor. Gen. David R. Atchison, for many years president /w /ooo, and a good graded union school, 9 months in the year, with an average attendance of about 500. The court-house which is a small but neat and substantial brick struc- ture, located in the center of the town in a beautiful locust grove, was erected by John D. Mercer, in 1837. Consville, on the proposed K. C, M. & M. R. R., 12 miles s. e. of Clinton, and on the south bank of Grand River, was laid out 1869, and is in a rich farming district, and has fine manufacturing facilities. It con- tains 6 stores, 3 churches and a good school. Population, about 500. Gaines' Farm, a post-office and store 10 miles s. e. of Clinton. Galbraith's Store, a post-office and store 10 miles e. s. e. of Clinton. Germantown, on Deepwater Creek 2 miles n. of Montrose, in a rich farming and good coal district, is settled mainly by Germans, and contams a fine Catholic church and school building. Population, about 200. Huntingdale, on Honey Creek, in a good timber and farmmg dis- trict, 8 miles n. of Clinton, laid out in i860, has a general store, and a population of about 50. LaDue, on Deep Water Creek and on the M., K. & T. R. R., 7 miles s. w. of Clinton, contains 2 stores. Population, about 50. Leesville, in the border of the iron district, 14 miles e. of Clinton, and 9 miles s. e. of Calhoun, was laid out in 1858, and has 3 stores and a good school. Population, about 200. Lewis Station, on the M., K. &T. R. R., 7 miles n. e. of Clinton, has I store. Lucas, 16 miles w. of Clinton, laid out in 1871, has 2 general stores. Population, about 100. Marvin, a post-office 10 miles w. of Clinton. Montrose, on M., K. & T. R. R., 13 miles s. w. of Clinton, is the trading-post for a rich farming district. It was laid out in 1870, and has 9 stores, I lumber yard, an excellent school and three churches— Metho- dist, Cumberland and Reunited Presbyterian. Population, about 600. N orris Fork, a post-office 16 miles n. of Clinton. Shawnee Mound, a post-office and store 13 miles n. of Clinton. Urich, a post-office and store, 17 miles n. w. of Clinton. Windsor, on the M., K. & T. R. R., 19 miles n. e. of Clinton, was laid out in 1855 and incorporated in 1873. It has a high and healthy location, and is in the coal district. It has 9 stores, a fine flounng-mill, a good school and 3 churches— Baptist, Congregational and M. E. Ch. South. Large quantities of coal are shipped from this place. HICKORY COUNTY, In the south-west-central part of the State, is bounded north by Benton County, east by Camden and Dallas, south by Dallas and Polk, and west by St. Clair County, and contains 260,998 acres. Population in 1850, 2,329; in i860, 4,705; in 1870, 6,452, of whom 6,362 were white, and 90 colored; 3,302 male, and 3,150 female; 6,202 native (3,278 born in Missouri) and 250 foreign. History. — The first settlements in what is now Hickory County were made in 1836 or 1837, and the first land entries made in 1838, while it was a part of Benton and Polk Counties. It was organized Feb. 14th, 1845, and named in honor of the "hero of New Orleans," and the county seat — Hermitage — after his residence. The first county court met at the house of Joel B. Halbert, on what is known as North Prairie, and one of the first orders made was that the next court should be held at the house of John Herd, it being near the site of the prospec- tive county seat. One meeting of the court was held there, and then the place of meeting was again changed to the house of Thomas Davis, at the present site of Hermitage. The county has steadily increased in population, as above shown. During the late Civil War, it suf- fered much from the frequent raids of both armies, and at its close, pre- sented rather a desolate aspect. Physical Features. — ^The face of the country is varied, being about two-thirds timber and one-third prairie. The Pomme de Terre River, entering from the south and running due north, divides the county into two nearly equal parts. Along this stream is a rough, hilly and broken country of about 4 miles in width, beyond which on either side are large and fertile prairies well cultivated. Near the east boundary is Little Niangua Creek, in the south-east is Lindley, and in the west are Little Pomme de Terre, Hogles, and Wableau Creeks. Springs are numerous, and the water very pure. The timber mostly consists of the various kinds of oak, hickory, walnut, sycamore, persimmon, hackberry, ash, maple, linn and elm. The valleys and prairies are productive. In the broken parts contiguous to streams, the soil is too rocky to be susceptible of prof- itable cultivation. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, rye, corn, potatoes, sweet potatoes, cotton, etc., among which corn is the staple. Fruit is abundant and excellent. About two-thirds of the county is arable. There are about 6,000 or 7.000 acres of swamp land, and considerable Government land in the county. Mineral Resources. — Lead was discovered shortly after the settle- 234 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL tnent of the county, but the deposits, which are supposed to be very extensive, have been but little worked until quite recently. The mineral lands occupy nearly half of the area of the county, and lie mostly on the rocky hills on either side of the Pomme de Terre River. The lead crops out on the surface, and is frequently found while digging wells, etc. Large quantities have already been mined and smelted. Wealthy com panies have leased of land, and are preparing to prosecute mining in a scientific and systematic manner, in hopes of rivaling Granby and Joplin. The Manufacturing Interests are confined to flouring and saw- mills, and a cheese factory. 'Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $2,000,000.* The Export? are principally wheat, corn, fruit and lead. The Educational Interests have been somewhat neglected, but public schools are now organized in many of the sub-districts; average session 4 months in the year. Black Oak Point, 6 miles e. of Hermitage, was a thriving place, but was wholly destroyed during the Civil War. It now contains i store. Cornersville, a post-office 15 miles s. w. of Hermitage. Cross Timbers, 8 miles n. e. of Hermitage, on North Prairie, was settled in 1870, and contains 2 stores, i steam saw and grist-mill. Pop- ulation, about 150. Elkton, 12 miles s. s. w. of Hermitage, contains i store. HERMITAGE, the county seat, is situated near the center of the county, on the Pomme de Terre River in the midst of the mining dis- trict, and 45 miles from Lebanon, Laclede County, the nearest railroad station. It was settled in 1846 or '47, and became the county seat by vote of the people, March 15th, 1847, the title being acquired by pur- chase from Thomas Davis. It was Incorporated, but the law is not now in force. It has i school, i steam saw and grist-mill, 4 stores, and i printing office. Population, about 200. Goose Neck, a post-office about 14 miles e. of Hermitage. Judy's Gap. — See Quincy. Pittsburg, 8 miles s. of Hermitage, contains i store. Quincy, (Judy's Gap,) 12 miles w. n. w. of Hermitage, was settled in 1845. It is in the midst of a good agricultural district, and near mineral deposits, and contains i steam carding-mill, i steam saw and grist-mill, 2 stores, i Masonic hall, and i school.' Roney, a post-office 14 miles n. n. e. of Hermitage. Wheatland, 5 miles w. and the rival of Hermitage, is near the western portion of the mining district, and is in the midst of a fine agri- cultural region. It was settled in 1868, incorporated in 1870, and con- tains I steam grist and saw-mill, i carding machine and cotton gin, i school, and about 4 stores. Population, about 200. ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, j^i, 284,183. Taxation, J0.50 per |ioo. The county has no debt. HOLT COUNTY, In the north-western part of the State, is bounded north by Atchison and Nodaway Counties, east by Nodaway and Andrew, south and west by the Missouri River, which separates it from Kansas and Nebraska, and con- tains 272,761 acres. Population in 1850, 3,957; in i860, 6,550; in 1870, 11,652 of whom 11,468 were white, and 184 colored; 6,173 male, and 5,479 female ; 11,003 native (5,314 born in Missouri,) and 649 foreign. History. — In 1838, P. and B. Stevenson, Robert H. Russell (present probate judge,) John Russell, John Sterrett and James Key, settled about 5 miles south-east of the present site of Oregon. In 1839, John Blair and his sons, James and Uriah, also Daniel and Jeremiah Baldwin with their families, settled on and near Pierson's Branch about 3 miles below Mound City, and in the same year John Gibson, Harmon G. Noland and Roland Burnett settled in the vicinity of Oregon. About the same time, Abram and Adam Sharpe settled in Sharpe's Grove, in the north-western part of the county. Many of those pioneers are still living, and are full of remin- iscences of the hardships and adventures of those early days. In 1841, Henry Roselius, Cord H. Walter, and Henry Dankes, from Hanover, Germany, settled in the north-western part of the county, and soon gathered around them a number of their countrymen, nearly all of whom have become independent, and are among the best citizens of the county. The local names given by the people in early days to the different parts of the county are still in use ; many of them were suggested by physical features, and others given in honor of pioneers. Nearly one-half of Nod- away township is known as Nickolls Grove, from its earliest settler, Robert Nickolls. Whig Valley, (Highly Creek,) was christened by the old line Whigs who settled it. Allen's Grove, south-west of Whig Valley, is named from the man who planted it. King's Grove, north-west of Whig Valley, was so called for its first occupant, John B. King. Ross' Grove, 5 miles north of Mound City, was settled by Robert K. Ross, the pioneer of that part of the country. Sharpe's Grove, commencing 2^ miles east from Corning, extending eastward about 4 miles, northward to the county line and south to the vicinity of Craig, about 4 miles, was named for the brothers Sharpe. The south-.eastern portion of the county, the great blackberry region, is known as Cracker's Neck ; the Missouri River bottom below Forest City as the Lower Bottom ; that between 236 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. Forest City and Bigelow as the Upper Bottom ; above Bigelow comes Rush Bottom, so called from the heavy growth of rushes. In February, 1839, all that portion of the Platte Purchase north of Buchanan County, was organized and attached to Buchanan for civil 'and military purposes, under the name of the territory of Ne-at-a-wah. This included the present counties of Andrew, Holt, Nodaway and Atchison, and extended into Iowa. Nodaway County was organized January 29th, 1841, and embraced all that portion of Ne-at-a-wah west of the Nodaway River, but the death of the Hon. David Rice Holt, member from Platte, during the session, induced the Legislature, February 15 th, to change the name to Holt, which was reduced to nearly its present limits, January 2d, 1843. The first circuit court was held in 1841, David R. Atchison, judge. The first county court was held March 24th, 1841, Harmon G. Noland, James Crowley and Joshua Adkins, justices; Bayliss B. Grigsby, clerk, and Richard Barkhurst, sheriff. Col. John W. Kelly %vas the first enrolled attorney. In the early part of the Civil War, the Confederates had possession of the county, but in September, 1861, they — 300 strong — were surprised and routed at Blair's Lane, by about 90 Federal recruits and citizens. For several weeks after numerous small bands of the Confederates raided through the county, but finally moved southward and joined Gen. Price's command. Several men were killed by bushwhackers, but the county suffered comparatively little during the war. Physical Features. — Holt forms a part of the Platte Purchase, dis- tinguished for its beauty and fertility. The Missouri River lies along the entire southern and western boundary, and the Nodaway on the eastern. The bottoms of the former occupy more than one-third of the county, and in the northern and central parts are at least 10 miles wide. The bluffs are from 125 to 200 feet high, with occasional intervals of low hills. From the highest of these bluffs may be seen a landscape of great loveliness. On the one side the Missouri and the streams tributary to it, the Tarkio, Little Tarkio, Squaw, Davis and other creeks, winding through fertile bottoms in which are scattered beautiful farms surrounded by belts of timber — black walnut, honey locust, coral berry, red and American elm, sumach, etc., — the view being bounded in the far distance by the bluffs of Nebraska and Kansas ; on the other, a fine rolling country well watered by numerous springs and small streams which, through the Nodaway, reach the Mis- souri. In the north-east, the bottoms of Davis, Tarkio and Squaw Creeks are narrow and their banks steep, but the hills in this section are quite low. The timber in the north-east is scanty. In the western part of the 'county are several small bayous upon which fisheries have been estab- lished. Good mill sites may be found upon all the larger streams. The HOLT COUNTY. 237 .bottom lands of the Missouri are exceedingly fertile, but about one-fifth of them are subject to overflow. They are connected with the bluffs by .a rich belt one-fourth to one-half of a mile in width, of a gently sloping land, and the "bluff" washed from the hills above is the principal ingre- dient of this soil. The upland prairies are very productive ; the bluffs produce excellent wheat and corn, and seem especially fitted for vine- yards. In 1864, Holt had 25,702 acres of swamp lands, from which ;^53,i74.63 for the school fund has been realized, while a portion is still held by the county. Liberal appropriations for the drainage of these lands have •already been made, and it is believed that the ditches and levees now being constructed, will render thousands of acres fit for cultivation, thus .adding to the wealth and healthfulness of the county. Agricultural Productions. — The soil is well adapted to the cultiva- tion of corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, hemp, tobacco, the grasses, buck- wheat, flax, potatoes, apples, pears, peaches and the small fruits generally. The fruit of Holt County is unsurpassed, and has repeatedly taken pre- miums at St. Joseph, Kansas City and other places where it has been exhibited. Mineral Resources. — There are some indications of coal. Red clay is found on Tarkio Creek, and quarries of sandstone and limestone near Forest City. The Manufacturing Interests are principally confined to flour, lumber, woolen goods, barrels, brooms, rope, wine and cheese. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^8,000,000.* Railroads. — The Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad has 40 miles of road running from the south-eastern to the north-western part of the county. The Exports are hogs, cattle, hemp, tobacco, corn, wheat and lumber. The Educational Interests are prospering. Public schools are in operation in every part of the county, and in some districts excellent buildings have been erected. The commodious high school building in Oregon cost ^15,000. Bigelow, on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 39 miles north of St. Joseph, laid off in 1868 by H. L. Williams, is surrounded by a fertile country and near an abundance of timber. It has 4 stores, i public school-house and 2 hotels. A saw mill near the town furnishes large quantities of cottonwood lumber for Nebraska, Kansas and the southern portions of Atchison and Nodaway counties. Population about 250. Corning, on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 52 miles north of ;St. Joseph, is the most northern station in the county. The country •Assessed valuation in 1873, ^3,924, 172. Taxation, $1.25 per %i. The county is'out of debt. 238 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS OUR L about is settled by thrifty Germans. It is ^ mile from the Missouri River, and is the shipping point for several miles up and down the river. It was laid out in the fall of 1868, and contains 6 stores, i wagon and harness shop, 2 hotels, i grist-mill, and i fine public school-house, which is also used for church purposes. Population about 200. Craig, on the K. C, St, J. & C. B. R. R., 46 miles north of St. Joseph, situated between the two Tarkio Creeks, in the bottom near the bluffs, was laid off in 1868, and has seven stores, i hotel, i public school-house and i M. E. Church. Population about 275. Elm Grove, (Forbes,) on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 21 miles north of St. Joseph, laid out by Levi Devorse in 1869, is a brisk business place, dealing largely in cord-wood and railroad ties ; is sur- rounded by a fine fruit country, and is the shipping point for the black- berry region. It has 4 stores and a good school-house. Population about 200. Forbes. — See Elm Grove. Forest City, on the K. C, St. J., & C. B. R. R., 29 miles north of St. Joseph, the second town in the county, has a population of about. 700, and was laid out in 1857. The town grew rapidly until the break- ing out of the Civil War, when many of its citizens enlisted, and there was a general stagnation of business. To add to its misfortune, the channel of the Missouri changed and left it without a landing, but when the railroad was built, trade revived, and it has 13 stores, 2 wagon and carriage and 3 carpenter shops, 2 saw-mills, 2 flouring-mills, 2 public: schools, 2 hotels, i lumber yard and 3 churches — M. E. Ch. South, Presbyterian and Catholic. Grant, 8 miles n. e. of Oregon and 11 miles from Forest City, was. settled in 1872 ; is surrounded by a fine farming country, and has good timber and building stone easy of access. The country adjacent is one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in the county. It has i wagon shop and. I general store. Konoko, a post-office ia King's Grove, 14 miles e. n. e. of Craig. Mound City, 3^^ miles n. e. of Bigelow, has 5 stores, i lumberyard, I harness and i wagon shop, 2 hotels, t flouring and i saw-mill, i school- house and I church — Presbyterian. Population, about 350. OREGON, the county seat, 2^ miles east of Forest City, was locat- ed in July, 1 841, by Edward Smith, Travis Finley and Jno. A. Williams, and for a short time was called Finley. The first caurt was held here in 1842. This place is noted for the beauty of its location and the taste, with which it is laid out. The court-house is surrounded by a lovely park, not large but containing more than forty varieties of native trees and evergreens. The public school is justly the pride of the town, as. the building and the grade of scholarship will compare favorably with any in north-western Missouri. The grounds and buildings of the Holt HOLT COUNTY. 239 County Mechanical and Agricultural Association are an ornament to the town. It has 5 churches — Presbyterian, M. E. Ch., German M. E. Ch., Christian and colored Baptist ; 20 stores, i wagon and 2 harness shops, 3 hotels, I grist-mill, i woolen factory, and i newspaper — the Holt County Sentinel, published by Adam Klippel. Population, about 900. Richville, 5 miles e. of Oregon, was laid out by J. M. Templeton, in 1855. Population, about 40. West Union, a deserted town on the Missouri River. Whig Valley, on the Nodaway, 11 miles n. e. of Bigelow, was set- tled by some old line Whigs, and has an intelligent and enterprising pop- ulation. It contains i good school-house, a fine bridge across the Noda- way, I grist-mill and i general store. HOWARD COUNTY, In the central part of the State, is bounded north by Randolph County, east by Boone, south and west by the Missouri River, which separates it from Cooper and Saline, and north-west by Chariton County, and con- tains 288,234 acres. Population in 1820, 13,426; in 1830, 10,854; in 1840, 13,108; in 1850, 13,969; in i860, 15,946; in 1870, 17,233, of whom 12,040 were white and 5,193 colored; 8,977 male and 8,256 female; 16,679 native (13,167 born in Missouri,) and 554 foreign. History.— Lewis and Clarke, appointed by President Jefferson "to explore and survey the Missouri River from its mouth to its source, and a route thence across the Rocky Mountains and down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean," left their camp at or near the mouth of the Missouri, May 14th, 1804, and on the June 7th following encamped for the night at the mouth of Bonne Femme (Good Woman) Creek. This is the first authentic record of any American landing on the soil of what is now Howard County. During the day they explored the country at the mouth of Big Moniteau Creek, where they found a point of rocks covered with uncouth and hieroglyphic paintings, but the dread of the infesting rattlesnakes prevented a more critical examination. On the 8th they arrived at the mouth of La Mine River ; on the 9th they reached Arrow Rock, and in their narrative very accurately describe the river and the adjoining country, especially a salt lick, which was evidently what is now known as Boone's Lick. The next morning they passed the mouth of the two Charitons, which then entered the Missouri River together. When near the mouth of Grand River they met a trading party from the Sioux Nation, from whom they procured the services of a Mr. Durion, who had lived with the Sioux for more than 20 years. As they returned from the Pacific coast in 1806, they passed along the west- ern and southern borders of Howard County in September, encamping opposite the mouth of La Mine on the evening of the i8th, and passing the spot where Boonville now stands early on the morning of the 19th.* Mr. Durion above mentioned, was afterward employed with Capt. Jos. Cooper, one of the oldest settlers of Howard, to assist the commissioners who ran the western and northern boundary lines of Missouri. Capt. Jos. Cooper came with the party from Loutre Island who first settled the Boone's Lick country, and was an active participant in all the events of those *Soe Lewk& Clarke's Expedition, Vol. I & II pp. 11-13 & P- 432- Philadelphia: Bradford & Ins- keep, 1814. 242 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. days. He made himself acquainted with the country from New Orleans to St. Paul, and after acting as guide for parties through the western wilds, he accumulated a handsome fortune, and in his old age enjoys the confidence and respect of all who know him. He has a more vivid recol- lection of the many exciting incidents of those early days than any one else now living, and to all his statements may be given the most unbounded confidence. To more fully illustrate the incidents of those times, the following correspondence is inserted : Walnut Grove, near New Franklin, ) Howard Co., Mo., Jan. i8th, 1874. J Capt. Joseph Cooper, Sugar Tree Grove : Dear and Venerable Friend : — I have been requested by Mr. R. A. Campbell, of St. Louis, to furnish him with inci- dents of the first settlements and Indian Wars in Howard County. The settlements partly began in 1807 and 1808. Then by a num- ber of persons in Cooper's Bottom in 1810; others in 1811, at and around where Forts Hempstead and Kincaid were built in the spring of 181 2, when the Indian Wars commenced. As you are aware, I was born about 3 miles north of Fort Hempstead, March 3rd, 181 a, my father moving into the fort and doing duty as one of the militia during the entire war, and up to 181 5. I was too young, of course, to recollect the incidents, except by hearsay, yet I have a vivid recollection of very many of them, and could recite them well, but I prefer to get the testimony of yourself and others who were active participants in the scenes of those memorable days. I would be glad if you can answer to-day, as I want to close up the information asked for, at the earliest moment. Yours most truly, Newton G. Elliott. [answer.] Sugar Tree Grove, ) Howard Co., Mo. Jan. i8th, 1874. J Col. Newton G. Elliott : ■ Dear Sir: — In reply to your inquiries touching the early history of the settlements in Howard County, I would make the following state- ments: I am 81 years, 2 months and 20 days old at this dale. I was born in Madison County, Kentucky, and moved to Missouri in the fall of 1807, and settled in Hancock Bottom in St. Charles County. In 1810, I moved to the Boone's Lick country. During the summer of 1807, Daniel and Nathan Boone, sons of the elder Boone, and Messrs. Goforth, Baldridge and Manly made salt at Boone's Lick, and in the fall of the same year, shipped it down the river in canoes made of hollow sycamore logs, with the ends daubed up with clay. They landed opposite my father's house in St. Charles County. In the spring of 1808, Lieut, Col. Een Cooper, my uncle, and his family moved and located about 2 miles HOWARD COUNTY. 243 south-west of Boone's Lick, in the Missouri Bottom, near the river. They shortly afterward received an order frona Gov. Merriwether Lewis, directing them to remove their residence to a point below the mouth of the Gasconade River. He thereupon located at Loutre Island, where he remained nearly two years. Though Daniel Boone first explored this region, and discovered the salt springs, yet he was not a settler, and took no part in the Indian troubles in Howard County. In the fall of 1808, Fort Osage, since called Six Mile, and now, Sibley, Jackson County, was settled. About Feb. 20th, 1810, Col. Ben. Cooper, with his five sons and others, started for the Boone's Lick country, where they arrived in March, and he took possession of the same cabin he had left two years before, and which had not been disturbed. The names of these settlers and their previous residences, as far as known to me, are as follows : FROM MADISON CO., KY. FROM ESTILL CO., KY. Lieut. Col. Ben Cooper. Amos Ashcraft. Francis Cooper. Otho Ashcraft. William Cooper. Jesse Ashcraft. Daniel Cooper. James Alexander. John Cooper. y Capt. Sarshall Cooper (killed April from Tennessee. 14th, 1814). John Ferrell. Braxton Cooper, Sr. Henry Ferrell. Joseph Cooper. Robert Hancock. Stephen Cooper. Braxton Cooper, Jr. (killed Sep- from Virginia. tember, 18 13). James Kile. Robert Cooper. James Hancock. from south Carolina. Albert Hancock. Gray Bynum, first clerk of Howard William Berry. County. John Berry. Robert Erwin. from GEORGIA. Robert Brown. Stephen Jackson. Joseph Wolfskin. William Thorp (Baptis*- minister). from ste. genevieve. John Thorp. Peter Popineau, a Frenchman. Josiah Thorp. James Thorp. previous residence unknown. Gilead Rupe. John Busby, killed February, 1814. James Jones. James Anderson. John Peak. Middleton Anderson. Wm. Wolfskin. William Anderson. Adam Woods. 244 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. The women belonging to these families did not arrive until the follow- ing July or August. The first white man killed by the Indians in the Boone's Lick country- was Jonathan Todd, who had his head cut off and stuck on a pole, near the present Howard and Boone County Line, and near Thrall's Prairie. Thomas Smith was killed at the same time ; he ran a mile and a half, and just after he had crossed a small creek, and was ascending a hill, the In- dians (probably Sacs and Foxes,) overtook and killed him. Both of them had their heads cut off and their hearts cut out and stuck upon sticks at the roadside. Capt. Sarshall Cooper, my father, was killed April 14th, 181 4, in his. house at Cooper's Fort, by an unknown person, who picked out the chink- ing and shot him through the opening. We had taken a pirogue from some Frenchmen who were attempting to take it up the river loaded with whisky, powder and lead for the Indians. We first stopped them and ordered them back ; keeping watch the next night and the night follow- ing, we caught them in a second attempt to pass up the river, and took the pirogue from them. I think one of this party killed my father. We kept the pirogue and its cargo untouched for two or three years, until peace had been made, and no one applied for it. Upon our return from pursuing the Indians who captured Heath's negroes in 1815, we drank up the whisky, and had a great frolic over it. Samuel Boler, commonly called Potter, from his trade, was killed near Noah Smith's, in July, 1813, 4 miles north-west of the present site of Boonville. Braxton Cooper, Jr., was killed by the Indians in September, 18 13, 2 miles north-east of New Franklin, where he was cutting logs to build a house. They had a hard hand to hand struggle, and fought over a large plat of ground before they killed him, as was shown by the broken reeds- and bushes. He had two bullets in his gun, and we found an Indian's buckskin hunting shirt stained with blood, with two bullet holes in it about an inch apart. After following the trail for a mile and a half we lost it, and had to abandon the pursuit. Cooper fell on his face and still held his knife in his hand, which was stained with blood. The Indians did not go near him after the struggle, but his dog stayed by him and howled, until David Boggs (Cooper's brother-in-law,) and Jesse Turner crawled to him at night, fearing the Indians were concealed, watching him. I was there with 25 or 30 men from Forts Cooper, Hempstead and Kincaid, by daylight the next morning, Wm. McLane was killed in October 1813, near B. F. Broadus' land 6 miles s. w. of Fayette; Samuel McMahon was killed Dec. 24th, 1814, 4 miles west of Boonville, in the morning, and Wm. Gregg in the evening of the same day, 4 miles above Arrow Rock, in Saline County. Joseph Still was killed on Chariton River, October 181 3, and about the same time John Smith was killed 4 miles below Cole's Fort, in Cooper HOWARD COUNTY. 245 County; also, Samuel Brown's negro Joe, near Burckhartt, Lick, and near where Estill Station now is. When we came here we drove cattle and hogs with us, which made the journey a very slow one. We packed no provisions but some corn, as we could get all the game we wanted, killing deer as easily as we can now kill sheep in a pasture. We used the corn for bread, grinding it with small circular hand mills made of stone. We used a great deal of hominy scalded with lye, and were without either coffee or tea. The first cog-wheel horse-mill built in the county was at Fort Kincaid, in 1815; the next one at Fort Hempstead, the year fol- lowing. People came 20 miles to these mills. The first cloth made here was made from nettles, and the first cloth shirt I wore here was of this material. It was used both for shirts and pants for summer wear. In the winter, buckskin hunting shirt and breeches were worn. The first store goods were brought here by Robert Morris, about 181 5. I think the first steamboat ascended the river in 18 19, and was bound to Council Bluffs. The first flatboat on the river, I built in 181 8, sawing the plank (hackberry) myself with a whip saw. I built two the same season, loaded them with corn in the ear, took them to St. Louis, sold my corn at from 50 cents to ^i per bushel, most of it for seed corn, sold the boats for a trifle, and walked back. Yours most truly, (Signed) Joseph Cooper. Walnut Grove, near New Franklin, ") Howard Co., Mo., Jan. 22nd, 1874. j las. Barnes, Esq., Sturgeon, Mo. : Dear and Venerable Friend : — Capt. Jos. Cooper, of Howard County, writes me a letter in reference to the early history of that county, and has requested me, if convenient, to ask you to read it or have it read, and if you recollect the incidents as he does, to indorse it as true. I am respectfully your friend, Newton G. Elliott. [answer.] Sturgeon, Mo., Jan. 22nd, 1874. Col. Newton G. Elliott: Dear Sir : — The letter of my early and tried friend, Capt. Joseph Cooper, in relation to the early settlement of the Boone's Lick country, has been read to me, and I heartily indorse as true all he has said. My eyesight is so dim that I am unable to read it myself, being 86 years old. I came to the Boone's Lick country in 1810, and was a participant in very many of the incidents mentioned in Capt. Cooper's letter. Harr rison Jameson (my brother-in-law) and myself were making saltpetre in a cave, just below the mouth of Moniteau Creek, the morning that 246 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. Jonathan Todd and Thomas Smith were killed. We had been informed by the Indian Agent that the Indians were coming to kill us, and that morning we threw all our saltpetre into a canoe and started for Fort Kincaid, arriving there in time to go out with the command to get the dead bodies of Todd and Smith, and chastise the Indians, if found, for, after the murder they had set fire to the woods to destroy their trail. In April 1816, I took to New Orleans for sale a boat-load of provisions, etc., consisting of venison, bear meat, mast-fed pork, honey, hides, peltries and furs. I visited the battle-field and graves where the British were buried who had been killed by Gen. Jackson and his forces in the memo- rable battle of Jan. 8th, 1815. A great many other incidents of the early history of the county might have been given, but I, like others who participated, am getting too old to furnish a minute history. (Signed), Respectfully, James Barnes. In the spring of 181 2 hostilities were commenced by the Indians, mostly Sacs and Foxes, Kickapoos and Pottawatamies, and Forts Hempstead, Kin- caid, Cooper and Cole were erected, and into them the settlers retired with their families, where they remained for the next three years. Cooper's Fort was located about 2 miles south-west of Boone's Lick. Fort Kincaid was east -south-east about 9 miles distant, and about i mile north of the present Boonville railroad bridge. Fort Hempstead was about i^ miles north of Fort Kincaid. Each fort was a series of log houses, built together around an enclosure. In each house lived a fam- ily, and the stock was corraled and the property of the settlers secured at night in the enclosure. Owing to the Indian troubles, immigration had nearly ceased. Imme- diately after the erection of these forts the people organized themselves into a military company, with Sarshall Cooper as captain ; ist lieute- nant, Wm. McMahon; 2d lieutenant, John Monroe; ensign, Ben Cooper, Jr. SERGEANTS. CORPORALS. ist, John McMurray. ist, Andrew Smith. 2d, Samuel McMahon. 2d, Tliomas Vaughan. 3d, Adam Woods. 3d, James McMahon. 4th, Davis Todd. 4th, John Busby. 5th, John Mathis. 5th, James Barnes. 6th, Jesse Ashcraft. The number of men able to bear arms was 112. The following lists comprise all the men and boys in the different forts : HO WARD CO UNTY. 247 James Alexander, James Anderson, Middleton Anderson, William Anderson, Gray Bynum, John Busby, Robert Brown, Samuel Brown, Benjamin Cooper, Sarshall Cooper, Frank Cooper, William Cooper, David Cooper, John Cooper, Braxton Cooper, Joseph Cooper, Stephen Cooper, Robert Cooper, Henly Cooper, Patrick Cooper, Jesse Cox, Solomon Cox, George Alcorn, James Alcorn, Wm. Allen, John Arnold, Price Arnold, Joseph Austin, John Austin, Robert Austin, Wm. Baxter, Big Berry, John Berry, Wm. Berry, David Boggs, Joseph Boggs, Make Box, Joseph Boyers, Robert Brown, Samuel Brown, Wm. Brown, Townsend Brown. Christopher Burckartt Nicholas S. Burckartt Andrew Carson, Lindsay Carson (father of Kit Carson), Moses Carson, FORT COOPER. John Ferrill, Henry Ferrill, Edward Good, Harmon Gregg, William Gregg, David Gregg, Robert Heath, Robert Hancock, Abbott Hancock, Josiah Higgins, Frederick Hyatt, Robert Irvme, David Jones, John Jones, Jesse Jones, George Jackson, Stephen Jackson, James Jackson, Samuel McMahon, Thomas McMahon, James McMahon, William McMahon, FORT HEMPSTEAD. Charles Canole, Wm. Canole, Isaac Clark, Joseph Cooley, James Cooley, Perrin Cooley, Braxton Cooper, Jr., James Cockrell, Thos. Chandler, James Creason, Jno. Creason, Peter Creason, Wm. Creason, Daniel Crump, Harper Davis, James Douglas, Daniel Durbin, John Elliott (father of Col, N. G. Elliott), Braxton Fugate, Hiram Fugate, Reuben Fugate, Sarshall Fugate, Simeon Fugate, Reuben Gentry, Samuel Gibbs, John O'Bannon, Thomas O'Bannon, Judiah Osmond, Samuel Perry, William Read, Benoni Sappington, John Sappington, James Sappington, Daniel Tillman, John Thorp, William Thorp (a Baptist minister), Samuel Turley, Stephen Turley, Ezekiei Williams, Thomas Wasson, Joseph Wasson, Adam Woods, Wm. Wolfskin, Joseph Wolfskin, Wm. Wolfskin, Jr. Abner Grooms, John Grooms, Wm. Grooms, Alfred Head, Moses Head, Robert Hinkson, John James, James Jones, Abner Johnson, Noah Katen; Joseph McLane, Wm. McLane, Ewing McLane David McQuitty, Wm. Monroe (called Long Gun), Joseph Moody, Susan Mullins, Thompson Mullins, John Peak, Wm. Pipes, Michael Poage, Robert Poage, Joseph Poage, Christopher Richardson, Jesse Richardson, 24$ CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI, James Richardson, Silas Richardson, John Rupe, Henry Simmons, Reuben Smith, Andrew Smith, Thomas Smith, John Snethan, James Snethan, Joseph Still, Amos Ashcraft, Jesse Ajihcraft, Otho Ashcraft, Amos Barnes, Aquilla Barnes, Abraham Barnes, James Barnes, John Barnes, Shadrach Barnes, Robert Barclay, Francis Berry, Campbell Bolen, Delany Bolen, Wm. Brazil, David Burris, Henry Burris, Reuben Cornelius, FORT HKMPSTEAD.- John Stinson, Nathan Teague, Solomon Teters, David Teters, John Teters, Isaac Thornton, John Thornton, Davis Todd, Elisha Todd, Jonathon Todd, -[Continued.) Levi Todd, James Turner, Philip Turner, Jesse Turner, Thomas Vaughan, Robert Wilds, William Wadkins, James Whitley, Benjamin Young, John Yarnell. FORT KINCAID. Pryor Duncan, Stephen Fields, John Fields, Cornelius Gooch, Thos. Gray, John Hines, Daniel Hubbard, Asaph Hubbard, Eusebius Hubbard, Joe Jolly, David Kincaid, Matthew Kincaid, John Kincaid, John McMurray, Adam McCord, Daniel Monroe, John Monroe, John Mathis, Wm. Nash, John Parsley, Wm. Ridgeway, Wm. Robertson, Edward Robertson, Gilead Rupe, Enoch Taylor, Isaac Taylor, Wm. Taylor, Enoch Turner, Giles Williams, Britton Williams, Francis Wood, Henry Weeden. There were several smaller forts or stockades erected at different points and times, which were occasionally occupied., principally by persons named in the above lists. Fort McMahon, 2 miles below Arrow Rock on the south bank of the Missouri River, was mostly supplied by Fort Cooper ; Cole's Fort, just below the present site of Boonville, by Fort Kincaid. Forts Head and Arnold, the former about 2^ miles north- north-west of Rocheport, and the latter i^ miles further north, were partly supplied from Fort Hempstead. March 9th, 1815, a treaty was concluded with the Indians, by which the territory within the following limits was resigned to the whites : ** begin- ning at the mouth of Kaw River, thence running north 140 miles, thence east to the waters of the Au-ha-ha, which empties into the Mississippi, thence to a point opposite the mouth of the Gasconade, thence up the Missouri River, with its meanders to the place of beginning." * The Indians mostly left the country, but returned occasionally in small * Proclamation of Gov. Clarke, March 9th, 1815. HOWARD COUNTY. 249 bodies, generally as hunting parties, committing no depredations other than a few petty thefts. Howard County was organized January 23d, 18 16, and named in honor of Benjamin Howard, former governor of the Territory. It included all that part of the State north of the Osage River, and west of Cedar Creek, and the dividing ridge between the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers.* It then embraced the territory since divided into 31 counties, 19 north and 12 south of the river, besides parts of 9 others. The act organizing the county located the seat of justice at Cole's Fort, where the first court was held July 8th, 1816. The officers of the court, which under the ter- ritorial laws discharged the duties now incumbent on the county and circuit courts, were David Barton, judge; Gray Bynum, clerk; John J. Heath, circuit attorney; and Nicholas S.Burckhartt sheriff. John Monroe was appointed coroner, and the Legislature appointed Benjamin Estell, David Jones, David Kincaid, William Head and Stephen Cole commis- sioners to choose the county seat, which was first located at Cole's Fort. On June i6th, 1816, they chose Franklin, to which place it was removed in 181 7, until transferred to Fayette in 1823. In 1818 the county of Cooper was erected, being composed of all that portion of Howard lying south of the Missouri River. The same year the land office was established at Franklin, with Gen. Thomas A. Smith, receiver, and Chas. Carroll, register. May 28th, 1819, the first steamboat— the ''Independence," Capt. Nelson, time from St. Louis including all stops, twelve days — landed at Franklin on her way up the river. It created great excitement and en- thusiasm. A public dinner was given to the officers and passengers, and seventeen toasts were offered and responded to. Speeches were made by a number of gentlemen, among whom were Col. Elias Rector, Gen. Duff Green, Lilburn W. Boggs, N. Patten, Jr., Dr. J. J. Lowry, Maj. Richard Gentry and several others, and a full account of the event was published in the Franklin Intelligencer. In August and September of the same year, three other steamboats passed Franklin: the "Western Engineer," containing Major Long's Government scientific party, bound for the mouth of the Yellowstone; the ''Expedition," and the " R. M. Johnson." The town of Franklin (Old) was laid off opposite Boonville, in what was then called " Cooper's Bottom " in the fall of 1816— the same year Howard County was organized — and remained the seat of justice till it was removed by the Legislature to Fayette, in 1823. Franklin was laid off on fifty acres of land donated by different individuals. The public square contained two acres, and its principal streets were eighty-seven feet wide. It grew rapidly and very soon became a populous and thrifty place, com- manding a large trade. It had a land office, and was the point at which the first land sales west of St. Louis were held in 1818. * Territorial Laws, vol. I., p. 460. 2SO. CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL In April 1819, Nath'l Pattoii established there a weekly newspaper, called the Missouri Intelligencer. For many years Franklin was the most important and flourishing town in the State west of St. Louis. Its early achievements in commerce and wealth during the palmy days of the Santa F6 trade and the Boone's Lick salt works, achievements which were accomplished even long before Cooper's Fort, Kincaid's Fort and Fort Hempstead were lost from view, would fill a volume. It was the focal point of trade, wealth and fashion. The Missouri now covers the site of the town. Travel between this point and St. Louis was accomplished on horseback until 1820, when four-horse stages were put on the line \ fare ^10.50. The first election in Howard county of which there is any record, was in 1819, for delegates to Con- gress. John Scott and Samuel Hammond were chosen, Scott receiving 134 votes and Hammond 113. It was, however, not a full vote. In several precincts no polls were opened. Howard was entitled to five members in the convention to frame a constitution for the State, and on May ist, 2d, and 3d, 1820, elected Benjamin H. Reeves, N. S.Burckhartt.Dufif Green, John S. Findlay, and John Ray. The county was reduced to its present limits in 1820, by the erection of Boone and Chariton. Opposite and a short distance above the mouth of the La Mine in How- ard County, and about five miles above Franklin there was in the olden time a lovely and famous retreat, known as " Hardeman's Garden " — a vine-clad and rose-covered bower, the prototype of the renowned "Tulip Grove" of that public benefactor, Henry Shaw, of St. Louis. The founder of this celebrated Garden, Mr. John Hardeman, was a gentleman of fortune and remarkably fine taste in horticulture. He was ambitious to excel in this inviting field, and to gratify his inclinations, laid off 10 acres in an exact square for a Botanic Garden, sparing neither expense nor labor in adorning it with fruits, flowers and shrubs, indigen- ous and exotic. Serpentine walks, paved with shells, conducted the admiring visitor through this charming court of Flora, where amid zephyrs of the richest perfume, flowers of the most beautiful hues greeted the eye, and fruits of the most delicious flavor tempted the palate. But Hardeman's Garden is gone, and the gay and cheerful groups who once threaded its labyrnthian paths, enchanted by the songs of birds and made happy in the midst of cultivated magnificence, are also gone ! Not a tree or shrub, or vine or flower of it remains. All are gone — even the very spot on which this Elysium was located ! It, as well as the once flourishing town of Franklin, have' fallen victims to the treacherous currents of the Missouri River whose banks they once adorned. Howard suffered less during the late Civil War than many other counties. Only one battle was fought within her limits. In October 1864, a part of Gen. Price's command, under Gen. J. B. Clark, Jr., attacked the Federal HOWARD COUNTY. 251 forces which then held Glasgow, and after a battle which lasted eight hours the latter surrendered. The railway bridge at Boonville, built by the Boonville Bridge Co., and finished January nth, 1874, is a most substantial structure, and was built in less time than any other bridge on the Missouri River. The dike across the slough at the northern end of the bridge, runs through what was once the public square of old Franklin. The present north bank of the river is about 1,000 feet north of where the south line of the public square was in 1828. An interesting circumstance occurred during the building of the bridge. The fifth pier, counting from the Cooper County side, is composed of three cast-iron columns, 8^ feet in diameter. These columns or tubes are sunk through the sand to the bed rock by pneumatic process. The down stream tube was being sunk, and the bottom was about 50 feet below the surface, still in the sand, but near the bed-rock, when a stream of strong brine was struck, which came up through the sand. Physical Features. — The face of the country is generally undulat- ing, and in some places it is quite hilly. The soil is a clay loam, very fertile, and generally well adapted to the growth of clover, which is the principal fertilizer now used. About four-fifths of the county was formerly heavily timbered with the several varieties of oak, elm, ash, black and white walnut, soft and sugar-maple, box-elder, hackberry, honey locust, coffee-bean, linn, cottonwood, white and black hickory, buckeye and wild cherry, and although thousands of acres of these dense forests have been transformed into cultivated farms, timber is still abund- ant. The Missouri River forms the entire southern, and a great part of the western boundary, while the interior is traversed by the Bonne Femme, Salt and Moniteau Creeks and their tributaries, running in a southerly direction. These streams, however, are all sluggish, and afford little or no water power. Fresh water springs are numerous, and there are several saline springs from which large quantities of salt were manu- factured previous to steamboat navigation. The most notable of these is the Boone's Lick, 2 miles west of Boonsborough, named for Daniel Boone, Sr., who camped near this spring, and whose sons Nathan and Daniel, with Messrs. Goforth, Baldridge and Manly, made the first salt in this part of Missouri. A well has recently been bored here looi feet in depth, from which flows a stream 40 feet above the surface, sufficient to produce 100 barrels of salt every 24 hours. The brine from this well is of very superior quality. There are other localities where wells might be sunk with satisfactory results. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, barley, oats, rye, to- bacco, timothy, clover and hungarian grass. The soil is admirably adapted to the culture of hemp and tobacco, which were formerly the staples, but for the last ten years wheat and corn have been made a specialty. A 252 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. marked improvement has been made in the stock in the last few years, especially in the neat cattle, and some fine breeds of hogs have also been introduced. Fruits are grown successfully, and the small fruits especially are of fine size and flavor. About three-fourths of the county may be considered arable, and the remainder, although hilly, is well adapted to blue grass. Mineral Resources. — Howard County is underlaid with coal ; the most important stratum lies at a depth of from 60 to 100 feet, but the min- ing has been confined as yet to the surface stratum, which is from 18 inches to 4 feet in thickness. The Manufacturing Interests consist of flouring and saw-mills, tobacco factories, and wagon and carriage shops. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $9,000,000,* Railroads. — The Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R. passes from north to south through the central part of the county, a distance of 25 miles. The Keokuk «& Kansas City R. R., is completed to the corporate limits of Glasgow, and the road bed of the Louisiana & Missouri River R. R., has been graded from east to west through the county. The Exports are wheat, corn, tobacco, hemp, live stock and fruit. Educational Interests. — There are 60 sub-districts each containing a good school-house with an average attendance of 80 pupils ; average session 6 months. These schools are of a good grade, and are yearly improving. Central College, located at Fayette, under the supervision of the M. E. Ch. South, has an excellent corps of professors, and an attendance of about 120 pupils. Howard College, located at Fayette, an industrial school for young ladies, is well patronized. Pritchett Institute at Glasgow, has a good local reputation. ; Burton, on the M. K. & T. R. R., 6 miles north of Fayette, has 2 stores. Boonsborough, 12 miles s. w. of Fayette, at the crossing of the roads from Boonville to Glasgow, and from Fayette to Arrow Rock, con- tains 2 stores, several shops, i church, and about 100 inhabitants. Bunker Hill, — See Myers. Estill, a station on the M. K. & T R. R., 8 miles s. of Fayette. FAYETTE, the county seat, near the center of the county, on the M. K, & T. R. R., 25 miles from Moberly, 13 miles from Boonville, and 48 miles from Sedalia, and on the line of the L. & M. R. R., was settled in 1823 and incorporated March 12th, 1845. The town is pleasantly laid off about a public square, in which is a handsome court-house, costing about $32,000. On an eminence in the suburbs is Central College, erected in 1853, at a cost of $40,000. Howard College, built in 1857 ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, ;Js,345,i46. Taxation, $2.35 per $100. Bonded debt, 1^750,000. Chariton township, bonded debt, j,ioo,ooo. HOWARD COUNTY. 253 and costing ^25,000, is also located here, and there is a graded public school, also 6 churches — Methodist, Christian, Baptist, Episcopal and 2 colored, 2 newspapers, The Democratic Banner, published by James H. Robertson, and The Advertiser, published by Charles J. Waldon, 2 banks, i steam flouring-mill, i large tobacco factory, 12 stores and a number of shops. Population, about 1,500. Franklin, (North Side,) on the M. K. & T. R. R., 12 miles from Fayette, and on the Missouri River, opposite- Boonville, with which it is connected by a fine iron bridge, recently completed, was settled about 1814, but owing to the encroachments of the river, the old site has entirely dis- appeared. It now has 2 stores and several shops, with a population of about 100, but it is thought that the completion of the bridge will infuse new life into it. Glasgow, on the Missouri River, 12 miles n. w. of Fayette, and on the K. & K. C. R. R., 15 miles south of Salisbury, was laid off in 1836 and incorporated in 1845. '^^^ ^^^*^ house was built in 1S36, by Mr. Charles Purdon, and the town was laid out on land bought of Messrs. Talton Turner and James Earickson, and named for Mr. James Glasgow. It grew rapidly, a large number of the business men of Chariton removing to this point, and there was a determination to build up such a town as this rich agricultural country required. It was incorporated Feb- ruary 27th, 1845, ^^^ again in 1853. H. W. Smith was the first mayor. The city is built upon a succession of beautiful undulations in the north- western part of the county, a small portion of it extending into Char- iton County. The people are enterprising and intelligent, and the city improving. Having both railroad and river communication, it is an important shipping point for the rich agricultural country in the vicinity. It has 8 churches — Catholic, Baptist, Presbyterian and M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South, German Evangelical and 2 colored, a good public school, 2 col- leges — Pritchett Institute and Lewis College (to the latter a good public library is attached), i newspaper — The Glasgoiu Journal, Gen. Lucian J. Eastin, editor, 2 banks, 2 tobacco factories, i pork packing house, i brewery, 2 steam flouring-mills, i carriage factory and 16 stores. Pop- ulation, about 2,800. Lisbon, on the Missouri River, 14 miles w. s. w. of Fayette, contains 2 stores, I steam flouring-mill, i tobacco factory, several shops and about 100 inhabitants. Myers, (Bunker Hill) 10 miles n. e. of Fayette, has i store and i church. New Franklin, 2^ miles n.e. of Franklin and 2j^ miles from Estill contains i church, i public school, i steam flouring mill, 4 stores, and several shops. Population about 275. North Side. — See Franklin. Roanoke, incorporated in February, 1853, March, 1861, and again 254 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. March, 1868, is a thriving village, situated in a rich agricultural country, 12 miles north of Fayette. It has a good public school, 7 stores, i large tobacco factory and several shops. Population about 300. Russell, on the M. K. & T. R. R., 11 miles n. n. e. of Fayette, is a new town in the vicinity of a fine coal mine now yielding 5 car-loads of coal per day. It contains i store, steam mill, several shops, etc. Popu- lation about 75. Sebree, 9 miles e. of Fayette, has i store, etc. Talbot, a station on the M., K. & T, R. R., 4 miles s. of Fayette. White's Store, on the State Road 9 miles s. e. of Fayette and 5 miles n. w. of Rocheport, is a good business point in the midst of a fine country. HOWELL COUNTY, T« the southern tier of counties, near the center from east to west, on the divd ng r d between Current Rtver on the east and the North Fork of tl rtvhite R^ver on the west, is bounded north by Texas east by Shan- non and Oregon Counties, south by the Arkansas State Lme, and west by Ozark and Douglas Counties, and contains 590,679 acres. Populatior> in .860, 3,169; in .870, 4,-8, of wl>om 4,.93 were white, and 34 colored; 2,150 male, 2,068 female; 4,-77 native (.,89. born in Missouri) and 41 foreign. „ „ . „ 11 ir,l History -The first settlement was made about 1838 in Howell Val- ley on the present site of West Plains. The county was organised m x8;7 from parts of Oregon and Ozark. During the late Ciyil War it wi overrun bymarauding bands, who respected neither person nor prop- Tty andin ,865, at the close of the war, there remained but few tenantable farm houses and only 50 families, numbering perhaps 300 persons, in the county West Plains was entirely destroyed with the exception of one li tie cabinf;yerybody that could leave having gone away. Since the war there has been an immense immigration from Illinois, Ohio, Tennessee, Kentucky and other States, mostly men seeking homes under the Homestead Tct They are an industrious, wide-awake, thrifty and hospitable people, and coming as they have from nearly every State in the Union, they meet the immigrant with open hands and give him a hearty welcome to * Phv°sfcal'Ftatures.-The surface of the country is generally rolling, with a southern slope. Rich and fertile valleys wind through the territory ; r these Howell, Hutton, Peace, Myatt, South Fork and Spring Creek ^e remarkable for the fertility of their soil. In the southern and west- ern parts small prairies, rich, but rather wet, do the surface. The uplands are post oak flats, oak openings, and small black jack ridges The soil of these consists of sandy loam, underlaid with a rich, red, oily clav strongly impregnated with iron and lime; some are covered with IrLe s™ne-snra/flint, sandstone and conglomerate rock, and where these are thickest on the surface there are but few in the soil. The timber consists principally of different varieties of oak, with wal- nut hickory and pine, and an undergrowth of sumach, haze and papaw. Thire Ts a large pLery of fine timber in the northern part of the coun y. larnllsare'plenty, and furnish lumber at very low rate. The s uh em portion is well watered by beautiful streams, which in some places 356 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. sink into subterranean passages and again rise to the surface near the Arkansas Line, at what is known as the head of Spring River. Through the central and northern parts there are numerous fine springs and hun- dreds of ponds, which furnish an abundant supply of water for stock, nearly every section of land having one or more of them. Good water is reached by digging from 20 to 50 feet. The Agricultural Productions are principally wheat, corn, oats, potatoes, cotton and tobacco. Corn is the staple, the average yield being about 50 bushels per acre; some farms have yielded 80, and with thorough cultivation it is believed would produce as high as 100 bushels. Winter wheat is the only variety now grown, and does well. Tobacco of good quality is raised, and were it not for the law forbidding its sale to any but licensed dealers, it would be grown to a much greater extent. Cotton of a fair quality is produced, and the farmers are going more ex- tensively into its cultivation every year, although the distance from mar- ket is a great drawback to its larger production. Potatoes and sweet potatoes grow abundantly, and are of excellent flavor, while all the grasses succeed well. It is a fine region for stock-growers, as stock of all kinds will thrive on the range with but little attention, and require to be fed only from 3 to 4 months in the year ; though but few improved breeds of sheep or other domestic animals have been introduced, these have succeeded well. The soil and climate seem very Avell adapted to fruits, especially grapes. Large orchards of the choicest fruit have been planted within the last few years, and are very thriving. The climate is mild and healthful, and the air dry and bracing. The winters are short and mild. Snow seldom falls over 3 or 4 inches in depth, and remains on the ground only a few days. There are about 150,000 acres of Gov- ernment Land, and the Agricultural College of Missouri has about 76,000 acres of selected lands in the county, which can be bought at from $1.50 to $3.00 per acre. About one-half of the Government and College Lands is susceptible of cultivation, and in a few years fine farms will take the place of the wild woods, and the voice of the husbandman will drive the deer from its haunts. Mineral Resources. — There are no minerals worked in the county, but iron, lead and copper have been discovered in apparently large quantities. Nickel and zinc have also been found. The Manufacturing Interests are at present confined to i flour- ing-mill and several saw-mills. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^i, 000,000.* Railroads. — The nearest railroad point is Salem, Dent County, a dis- tance of about 71 miles from West Plains. The Kansas City & Mera- * Assessed valuation in 1873, 1587,745. Taxation, J1.15 per |ioo. Bonded debt, |3,ioo. Floating debt, ^3,000. HOWELL COUNTY. 257 phis R. R., of which the eastern end from Memphis to the State Line, south of Howell County, is under contract, will traverse the county from north to south. The Exports are iirincipally lumber, stock, v.-heat, corn, cotton, tobacco, bacon and flour. Educational Interests. — A zeal is manifested in the organization of public schools throughout the county, whose interests are being ad- vanced as rapidly as circumstances will permit. Albina, a post-office 9 miles n. n. w. of West Plains, Chapel, 20 miles n. e. of West Plains, is a village containing i general store, I wagon-maker's and i carpenter's shop. Frankville, (New Franklin,) 4 miles s. e. of West Plains, contains 2 general stores and i stock yard. Hutton Valley, a post-office 20 miles n. of West Plains. Lost Camp, a post-office 16 miles n. n. w. of West Plains. Ne^v Franklin. — See Frankville. Potterville, a post-office 12 miles w. s. w. of West Plains. WEST PLAINS, the county seat, is situated near the center of the county in Howell Valley. It contains 8 stores, i hotel, i printing office, 4 churches — Baptist, Presbyterian, M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South; 2 schools — I private and i public ; i steam flouring-mill, a very good jail, and a miserable court-house. The buildings are all new. Popula- tion, about 300. Willow Springs, a post-office 23 miles n. n. w. of West Plains. Yankee Doodle, a post-office 18 miles s. w. of West Plains. IRON COUNTY, In the south-eastern part of the State, and bounded north by Crawford, Washington and St. Francois Counties, east by St. Francois, Madison and Wayne, south by Wayne and Reynolds, and west by Reynolds, Dent and Crawford Counties, and contains 353,804 acres. Population in i860, 5,842 ; in 1870, 6,278, of whom 5,926 were white, and 352 colored; 3,148 male, and 3,130 female; 5,756 native (3,561 born in Missouri) and 522 foreign. History. — In 18 10 Ephraim Stout settled in what the Delaware Indi- ans called "The Lost Cove," a name suggested by the fact that it is hemmed in — lost, apparently, — among the surrounding mountains. He was soon joined by the Sharps, Browns, Suttons and Russells, and the locality came to be known as Stout's Settlement, and the stream that drains the valley is still known as Stout's Creek. A New England lady, who came with the first mining company that visited the county, gave it the very appropriate name which it now bears, Arcadia Valley. At a very early day John Sutton settled on Marble Creek, and others followed soon after. The county was organized February 17th, 1857, from parts of Madi- son, St. Francois, Washington, Reynolds and Wayne Counties, and Arcadia was made the county seat. The first officers of the county were : J. V. Logan, John W. Miller and Moses Edmonds, judges ; John F. T. Edwards, county and circuit clerk ; Daniel Q. Gale, circuit attorney ; John Cole, sheriff; John Stone, circuit judge. In August, 1857, Iron- ton, then a town on paper, was, by a vote of the people, made the county seat, and an elegant brick court-house was soon erected. During the late Civil War the central part of the county was made a military post by the Federal authorities. A fort was built in the valley at the western slope of Pilot Knob, and commanded the gap between that and Shepherd *s Mountain. Another held an eminence between Ironton and Arcadia, but was evacuated at the time of Gen. Price's raid. It is now called " Fort Hill," and is the site of a modest church. Physical Features. — The surface is hilly, broken and mountainous, and some parts of it are heavily timbered with pine, oak, hickory, maple, etc. A large portion of the county is rocky and not susceptible of culti- vation, though some of the uplands are available for grazing and for grape and fruit-culture. The county is well watered by numerous small creeks and mountain streams, affluents of the Big Black and St. Francis Rivers, and springs of pure water are abundant. The creek bot- 26o CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL toms afford very rich agricultural lands, and in the Arcadia and Belle- view — the principal valleys — are beautiful farms, well cultivated, pro- ductive and profitable. The principal mountain spurs of the Ozark range are PilotKnob, Shepherd and Cedar Mountains. The first is 581 feet high, 1,118 feet above the level of the Mississippi River at St. Louis, and covers an area of 360 acres. Shepherd's Mountain is 79 feet higher, and covers an area of 800 acres. There are in this county several natural curiosities — the Granite Quarry f about 6 miles north-west from Ironton ; the Shut Ln, about 2 miles south- east; and the Cascade, about 10 miles west of the same place. The Granite Quarry is a solid bed of granite 60 or 70 feet high, covering^ from 100 to 200 acres. Scattered over the top of this mountain of stone are huge boulders rounded and worn smooth, some of them 25 feet high, and weighing hundreds of tons. Some of them have but a small base resting upon the solid ledge, and it seems as if a man could set his shoulder against them and send them thundering to the mountain's base. A trial, however, will prove to the contrary. The granite is of a superior- quality, and has been extensively used by the Government in the erection of public buildings, and 300 men are now employed in the quarry. The Shut In is a cleft-like mountain-pass, at its narrowest point about 100 yards wide, a mile in length, and its sides of rock from 30 to 50 feet high. Through this chasm runs a bright and sparkling stream that empties into the St. Francis River. The Cascade runs over the top of Cascade Mountain, falling down its perpendicular rocky sides about 200- feet to the bottom of a narrow mountain gorge. Opposite and almost within stone's throw, rises another mountain 300 feet high, and nearly- perpendicular. In summer, one standing at the top of this cascade and looking into the abyss, sees the foliage and vegetation at the bottom wear a funereal blackness ; higher up, the color changes to a dark green, and grows paler as it nears the top, where it is of the hue of summer. The continual rush of water in the spring floods over this precipice, and the continued dropping of the summer stream, have worn in the rock large tanks or cisterns holding from 10 to 200 hogsheads of water. These reservoirs seem to be always full. In Dent Township there is a cavern of wonderful beauty and great extent, that has never been fully explored. Stony Battery is a gorge or cafion about ^ of a mile long between the mountains in the southern part of the county. The stones, which in past ages had fallen into it from the mountain above, have been removed, and it now serves for the bed of a stream and for a road. It opens at the south into a fertile valley of considerable extent. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, tobacco, small quantities of cotton, fruits and vegetables, all of which grow luxuriantly in the valleys and creek bottoms, and find a home market. Mineral Resources. — Iron is thought to be inexhaustible. The IRON COUNTY. 261 principal mines are on Pilot Knob and Shepherd Mountain, which were brought into notice in 1836 by Messrs. Pease and Van Doren. In 1837 a Boston company offered them 1^500,000 for a half interest in this pro- perty, which offer they declined. Pease and Van Doren failed in the crisis of 1837, and nothing further was done towards the development of the mines until 1847, when a St. Louis company was formed, and in 1848 they erected furnaces, stores and other buildings. They continued opera- tions until 1864, when Gen. Price, in his raid through south-eastern Mis- souri, totally destroyed the works. They were rebuilt in 1866, and opera- tions successfully resumed. Pilot Knob is an almost isolated, nearly conical hill, connected at its eastern base with a range of lower hills that gradually slope off to the east. At the height of 440 feet on the south side of the mountain is ex- posed a stratum of specular iron ore, about 275 feet in length, and 19 to 24 feet in thickness. Considering the upper 141 feet composed entirely of iron ore, and as a cone with a base of fifty acres, it would make io8,- 507,960 cubic feet of iron ore. It might be said to be almost a solid mountain of iron, rising cone-like with an almost perpendicular peak. It served as a land-mark and guide to the Indian and pioneer, hence its name. Shepherd Mountain, one-eighth of a mile west of Pilot Knob, has been mined sufficiently to show that it is rich in deposits of magnetic ore. Cedar Mountain which is one-quarter of a mile north-west of Pilot Knob, contains a large vein of specular ore, discovered by Tunica. There are 15 or 20 other deposits of rich iron ore in the county, which for want of capital have been only partially developed or slightly worked, and new banks are being discovered. Lead, bismuth and asbestos have been found. A very excellent quality of marble, pure white and variegated, is found on Marble Creek. The red variety of granite exists in abundance. Vast quantities are being shipped for building purposes. Kaolin is found and thought to be unlimited in quantity. Manufactures. — There are 2 tobacco factories, i carding machine and cotton gin, i wagon factory, several fllouring and saw-mills, and several smelting furnaces, operated by the Pilot Knob Iron Company. "Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1S70, ^12,406,100.* Railoads. — The Arkansas branch of the St. L. & I. M. R. R., has 34 miles of track running north and south through the county. The Exports are iron, lumber, tobacco and cigars. Educational Interests. — Arcadia College, owned by the M. E. Ch. South, and nearly completed, is a fine building beautifully situated, and will cost about $40,000. The public schools are improving very rapidly, and new and commodious buildings are being erected. In 1873, ^25,000 were expended for educational purposes. ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $2,019, 490. Taxation, $2.00 per $100. Bonded debt, |i8,ooo. 962 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Annapolis, pleasantly located on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 20 miles south of Ironton, laid out in 1871, is a thriving village with i hotel, 2 stores, 1 church, and i public school. Population, about 60. Arcadia, very beautifully located in Arcadia Valley, and on the line of the St. L. & I. M. R. R., I mile south of Ironton, was laid out in 1849, ^•rid incorporated in 1870, and is becoming well known as a popular place of summer resort. It has 3 stores, 2 cigar and tobacco manufac- tories, I tannery, i cotton carding-mill, i chur^zh — Methodist, and i public school. Population, about 250. Arcadia College, founded by Rev. J. C. Berryman in 1846, is located here. Belleview, a post-office, 6 miles west of Iron Mountain. Cross Roads, 10 miles from Ironton, in the valley of Arcadia, has 4 stores, 2 public schools, and a population of about 75. Des Arc, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 28 miles south of Ironton, was settled in 1S71, and has 3 stores, i hotel, and a public school. Pop- ulation, about 100. Ghermanville, near the Granite Quarry, 4 miles n. w. of Ironton, was settled in 1S73, '^"'^ ^^^ ^ store, and a population of about 75. Good W^ater, a post-office 25 miles west of Iron Mountain. Hogan Mountain, on the St.L.,I.M. &SR.R.,8 miles s. of Ironton. IRONTON, the county seat, situated in the beautiful valley of Arcadia, south and east of Shepherd Mountain, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., and 88 miles from St. Louis, is a thriving place of about 700 inhabitants. The first house was built in 1853, it became the county seat in 1857, and was incorporated in 1859. It suffered greatly during the Civil War, especially from the raid of Gen. Price, in 1864. It contains a large and commodious brick court-house, costing ;^i4,ooo, a brick jail costing ;^8,ooo, 3 churches — Methodist, Presbyterian and Episcopal aggregate cost, ;^i 1,000; a Masonic and Odd Fellows hall, i public school, I school for colored children, i iron foundry, i flouring and 2 saw and planing-mill, 2 wagon factories, i saddler's shop, 2 hotels, i bank and i newspaper — the Register, published by Eli D. Ake. The U. S. Land Office for south-eastern Missouri is located here. The alti- tude of Ironton above the surrounding country gives it a fresh, bracing atmosphere, and it is fast becoming a very popular and delightful place of summer resort. Kaolin, a post-office 12 miles w. of Iron Mountain. Middlebrook, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 4milesn. from Ironton and on the St. Francois County Line, is the shipping point for the granite quarries. Ozark Mills, a post-office 4 miles e. of Reynolds. Pilot Knob, in the valley between Pilot Knob, Shepherd Mountain, and Cedar Mountain, and on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., was laid out in 1858, and incorporated in 1867. It has 2 churches, i public school and IRON COUNTY. 263 several stores and shops and the Pilot Knob Iron Works. Population, about 600. Reynolds, a post-office on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. R., 16 miles s. of Ironton. Russell's Mills, a post-office on the St. L., I. M. & S. R.R., 11 miles s. of Ironton. JACKSON COUNTY, In the western part of the State, is bounded north by the Missouri River, which separates it from Clay and Ray Counties, east by Lafayette and Johnson, south by Cass, and west by the Kansas State Line, and contains 417,089 acres. Population in 1830, 2,823; in 1840, 7,612; in 1850, 14,000; in i860, 22,913 ; in 1870, 55,041, of whom 49,810 were white and 5,223 colored ; 30,282 male, and 24,759 female; 45,916 native (18,966 born in Missouri) and 9,125 foreign. History. — The position of this county upon the great bend in the Missouri River, 300 miles west of the Mississippi, has always, since the earliest explorations of the country, made it a thoroughfare and point of debarkation for trappers and traders of the plains and the Rocky Moun- tains, for the commercial caravans to New Mexico, Chihuahua, etc., for emigrants and gold hunters to California, Oregon, and the boundless regions formerly known by the name of the "Far West," as well as the point of iinal outfit and departure for the various Government exploring parties of Fremont, Beale and others. On July 3d, 1724, M. DeBourgmont, the commandant of Fort Orleans, a French post situated on an island in the Missouri River, 6 or 8 miles below the mouth of Grand River, by previous appointments proceeded to the "Cansas," then the site of the chief town of the Kansas tribe of Indians, afterward Fort Osage, now Sibley, Jackson County, where the general rendezvous of the several nations was appointed, the object being to bring about a general peace of the nations that were at war. M. DeBourgmont made them a great speech, and induced the chief men of the several tribes all to smoke out of the same pipe. Trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes was carried on in the earlier years of the republic, under what was known as the *' factory sys- tem." The Government established posts at suitable points, furnished goods, and the trade was carried on by salaried factors and agents. Private traders, however, were not excluded, but the system was intended as a check upon their pernicious influences and extortions. Fort Osage was established as a Government fort and factory in 1808. Around the fort a tract of land 6 miles square was laid off, upon which a limited number of white settlers were permitted to locate in order to raise supplies for the post. Hon. George C. Sibley, late of St. Charles, was Government factor and agent, from 1818, imtil the abandoment of the fort in 1825. By treaty with the Osage, Kansas and other 2 66 CAMPBELL 'S GAZET TEER OE MISSO URI. tribes, the Indians* title to nearly all the territory of Missouri, was extin- guished in 1808, excepting a strip 24 miles wide, lying eastward from the western boundary of the State, and extending from the Missouri River south into the territory of Arkansas. The eastern line of this strip was a few miles east of Fort Osage, and in it lay nearly all of Jackson County. The Indian title to this strip, including an immense territory lying west- ward was extinguished in 1825. The settlers who had been previously stopped in their westward progress at the eastern confines of this strip of land, immediately made a general rush into the new purchase. The next year (1826) a census was taken preliminary to establishing a general county organization. The county records show the cost of taking this census, by Jacob Gregg (still a resident of the county,) as being 10 dol- lars, for ten days' services. In 1 82 1, Francis G. Chouteau established a trading post on the south- bank of the Missouri River, about three miles below the present site of Kansas City. He brought his wife and family all the way from St. Louis to the post in canoes and pirogues, the journey occupying over twenty days. By the great flood of April 1826, every vestige of his improve- ments were swept away, and the post was transferred to a point on the Kansas River, 6 miles above the mouth. A {q.\s years later, a few French- men (mountain trappers), with their Indian families settled along the Missouri River below the mouth of the Kansas. The county was organized Dec. 15th, 1826, and July 2nd, 1827, the first county court was held at Independence, Henry Burris presiding, and Abraham McClellan and Richard Fristoe, associate judges, L. W. Boggs (afterwards governor) clerk. The commissioners the same month located the county seat at Independence where it has since remained. Although the timbered portion was soon quite thickly settled, various causes con- tributed to retard the development of the county, and principally the fact that a large portion of the finest lands were for many years withheld from sale. On the Blue River, 36 sections were selected for educational pur- poses for the Kansas Indians, as provided in the treaty of 1825, and a still larger amount, under an act of Congress, donating public lands to Missouri for seminary purposes. These last were sold in 1832, and the proceeds applied to the State University at Columbia. That portion of the public land not reserved for other purposes was offered at public sale on Nov. nth, 1828. Another drawback arose in 1830, in a bitter feud between the original settlers and the Mormons who emigrated in large numbers and settled in Jackson County. They entered several thousand acres of land, mostly west of Independence, professed to own all things in common, though in reality their bishops and leaders owned everything (especially the land titles) and established a "Lord's storehouse" in Independence, where the few monopolized the trade and earnings of the many. They pub- JACKSON COUNTY. 267 lished The Evening Star, (the first newspaper in the county) in which appeared weekly installments of "revelations" promising wonderful things to the faithful, and denouncing still more wonderful things against the ungodly Gentiles. The result was that the Gentiles threw the press and type into the Missouri River, tarred and feathered the Bishop and two others, on the public square at Independence, and otherwise mal- treated the Saints, who retaliated upon their adversaries, "smiting them hip and thigh" at every good opportunity. On Oct. 31st, a deadly en- counter took place 2 miles east of Westport, in which two citizens and one Mormon were killed. The Mormons routed their enemies, and elated with victory, determined to utterly destroy that wicked place. Independence, which had been the scene of their sorest trials. A " rev- elation" ordered the work of destruction and promised victory. They marched during the night, and soon after daylight of Nov. 2nd, arrived one mile west of the town, but the Gentiles pouring in from all quarters, met them at that point, and forced them to lay down their arms and leave the county in 24 hours, which they did, crossing the Missouri Nov. 3rd, 1833. (See Caldwell, pp. 87-89.) Since that time (except dur- ing the late Civil War) the county has steadily grown in population and wealth. Physical Features. — The surface of the country is gently undu- lating, except along the river hills and those bordering the smaller streams, and was originally about equally divided between timber and prairie ; it is unsurpassed in fertility of soil, with an abundant supply of water, well distributed from never-failing springs and wells, and the various water courses. The bottom lands of the Missouri and the smaller streams are unusually productive. The surface of the elevated ridges has gen- erally a deep soil, except as they approach the breaks bordering the water courses, which are timbered with the usual varieties found near and south of the Missouri. The Missouri washes the northern boundary. Big Blue River, with its tributaries, Brush, West Fork, and several smaller creeks, drain the western part of the county. Rock and Sugar Creeks enter the Missouri just west of Independence. Little Blue and its branches, among which are Spring, Bryan's, Camp, Mouse, Big Cedar, Little Cedar and East Fork, drain the central portions, Fire Prairie the north-east, and the head waters of the Big Sniabar the south-eastern part of the county. The larger water-courses traverse the county in the gen- eral direction of from south-west to north-east. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, hemp, tobacco, cattle and hogs, and the fruits and vegetables common to the latitude. Mineral Resources. — The eastern part of the county is supplied with beds of bituminous coal 28 to 30 inches thick, lying near the sur- face. In the western part none has been discovered which would justify working. There is an abundant supply of excellent building stone. 268 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL "Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $38,000,000.* Railroads. — The Missouri Pacific has 31 miles of track in the county, and Kansas City, on the Missouri River, is a station thereon. It is also the terminus of the Kansas Pacific R. R. ; the northern terminus of the Fort Scott & Gulf R. R. ; the north-eastern terminus of the Kansas City & Santa Fe Division of the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston R. R. (whose trains run over the track of the M. R. , Ft. S. & G. R. R. from Olathe) ; the southern terminus of the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs ; the south-western terminus of the Kansas City Branch of the Hannibal & St. Joseph, and the western terminus of the Western Division of the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W. ; the latter three forming a junction at Harlem, on the opposite side of the river, their trains crossing over the new magnificent railroad bridge, which is also used as a wagon and foot passenger bridge. 1^300,000 of the county debt above referred to, and the Van Buren Township debt is f "^r railroads, while the Westport debt is for horse railway purposes. The Exports are corn, wheat, stock and manufactured articles for which, and the shipment of produce of the country tributary, see Kansas City. The Educational Interests are well attended to in about 100 sub- districts into which the county is divided. The public schools are well organized and taught, and the high schools of Kansas City and Inde- pendence are the pride of the citizens. Blue Mill, a post-ofifice 8 miles n. e. of Independence. Blue Springs, a post-office 10 miles s. e. of Independence. Fire Prairie, a post-office 10 miles e. of Independence. Greenwood, a station on the. M P. R. R., 28 miles from Kansas City. Hickman's Mills, a post-office 16 miles s. s. w. of Independence. Hick's City, near the south-east corner of the county, has a church, a public school, a few stores, and about 100 inhabitants. INDEPENDENCE, the county seat, selected and laid out in 1827, lies 3 miles south of the Missouri River, and nearly midway between the east and west lines of the county, occupying an elevated, beau- tiful and healthful situation, with wide, macadamized streets, handsome dwellings, churches, seminaries, etc. It is on the M. P. R. R. 9 miles east of Kansas City. From 1828 until about 1845, i* was the mart and rendezvous of the overland merchants and traders to New Mexico and the western plains and mountains, and during that period had extensive manufactories of various kinds, esjiecially of heavy freight wagons suited for the plains. It was the point of final outfit and de- * Assessed valuation in 1873, 1^20,740,335. Taxation, Ji.6x per $ too. Bonded debt, J!5oo,ooo. Van Buren T»wnship, $50,000. Westport (municipal), $25,000. JACKSON COUNTY. 269 parture of nearly all expeditions going westward during that time. After 1845, the overland westward trade was transferred to the new town of Kansas City, and Independence has since been the center of a good local trade. It has 8 churches — 2 Presbyterian, 2 Methodist, i Baptist, 1 Christian, i Catholic, i African ; 4 public schools, i female college, 2 high schools, i pottery, 2 manufactories of wooden-ware, i extensive broom factory, 2 grist-mills, i brewery, i distillery, i national and i private bank, 3 hotels, and a full supply of mercantile houses, grocers, drug stores, etc. Population, about 3,600. Kansas City, in the extreme north-west corner of the county, is built up to the line of the State on the west, and the Missouri River on the Horth. The present city limits include an area of about 3,600 acres. The population in 1870 was 32,268; present population (estimated) 40,000. A circuit of 5 miles in diameter, including the cities of West- port and West Kansas City, Armstrong and Wyandotte (the three latter in the State of Kansas) and Harlem in Clay County, would include a pop- ulation of over 50,000. The original town tract of 256 acres, was pur- chased in 1838 at a sale in partition of the estate of Gabriel Prudhomme, the patentee. The original proprietors were Robert Campbell, William Gilliss, John C. McCoy, Fry P. McGee, Wm. B. Evans, Jacob Ragan, and Henry Jobe, who, in 1839, laid out into lots about 40 acres of the tract and sold them at public sale. Owing to a disagreement between the proprietors, this sale was not fully consummated until April 1846, when a larger area was laid off and sold. Meanwhile some 20 or 30 of the purchasers at the first sale improved and occupied their lots, and car- ried on their several avocations. In this last sale considerable public interest was manifested, and it proved quite a success, the aggregate amount of the sale being over $7,000, and the highest price bid for any one lot being a little over $200. The proprietors were elated at their extraordinary success, and began to talk of a city sometime in the dim future, but they had sturdy competitors to contend with in the race for metropolitan honors. Independence, grown rich with an undisputed monopoly of the commerce of the plains, was disposed to make a death struggle to retain it, and Westport ridiculed the presumptuous aspirations of her steamboat landing, so the problem involved in the race to great- ness remained unsolved, until the superior natural advantages of Kansas City wrought out their legitimate results in favor of that natural diver- ging and concentrating point. Topographically, the old site of the city was a succession of high ridges and deep gorges, with only one possible way to reach the river landing without immense labor and cost. The newer portions south of Tenth street, however, comprising more than sixty additions to the old town, have an excellent surface. For the first 10 or 15 years, those settling and residing there were singularly destitute of capital. Leavenworth and St. Joseph, each with capital and enter- 2^0 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL prise, entered the lists to dispute for the supremacy. During the 4 years; ending with the war, even the outside local trade was entirely cut off,, business was suspended, much of the city destroyed, and at the close of the war the population had decreased to only about 6, 000. Col. Benton and other far-seeing men are said to have predicted the greatness of this gateway to the Occident. Singularly enough, however, none of these prophets invested a dollar in her ugly hills. The sheer necessities of trade and commerce leveled her hills, filled up her gorges, and forced her into the proud position she now holds. In 1866 actual recuperation commenced, and in the rapid increase of the city in population, in the immense amount of public and private im- provement, and in all the substantial and important interests which go to build up a great city, it has, perhaps, no parallel in the history of the con- tinent. In four years from that time (viz. 1870) the official census shows a population of 32,268, being an increase of more than 400 per cent, in four years. The number and cost of public schools and churches, her- magnificent iron railroad and passenger bridge spanning the Missouri, her- Exposition grounds of 90 acres with their adornments, her gas works, her court-house, built at a cost of $160,000, her hotels, opera house and blocks. of costly business and private dwellings, all attest unparalleled growth. Ten, lines of railway concentrate within her limits, and four other lines are in process of construction, and the citizens of Kansas City, at least, regard^ it as a fixed certainty that, as she is now, so she will remain, the great converging and diverging railroad center west of St. Louis. The city* con- tains I court-house, i work-house and farm, i city hospital, 4 engine- houses, also 22 churches, — 5 Presbyterian, 4 M. E., i Israelite, 4 Catholic, 2; Baptist, I Episcopal, i Lutheran, i Swedish Lutheran, i Congregational, i Christian, i Unitarian, — total value, $120,000. The extensive gasworks have ten miles of pipe already laid down, and there are 298 street lamps — annual cost of city supply, $13,385. Three lines of street railways, with 7- miles of track are running, besides one line toWestport 2^ miles, and an- other to Wyandotte City. There are 13 banks, with an aggregate paid up- capital of $900,000. The beef and pork packing and cattle trade has rapidly grown to enormous proportions, as will appear by the following figures, and Kansas City now justly claims to be the greatest beef packing and cattle mart in the world. The total receipts of cattle in 1872 were 236,802; of hogs, 104,639 ; of horses, 2,648; gross sales of commission firms during the same period, about $3,000,000 ; number of cattle- slaughtered and packed, 20,500 ; number of hogs slaughtered and packed, 187,221. The fire department has i Babcock and 3 steam fire engines, 3 hose companies, i hook and ladder company, and a full and efficient: * The total value of real and personal property in the city, excepting railroad, school and church pro- perty, is estimated at $20,000,000 ; debt, funded, $400,000 ; bonded, {900,000;, floating, $go,ooo; totaL $1,390,000. Taxation — city 25^ per cent., school i per cent. JACKSON COUNTY. 271 corps of paid officials and employes, at an annual cost of ^83,000. Large cisterns for fire use are distributed throughout the city. The num- ber of public schools in 1873 was 9; aggregate value of school property, ^i75>738 j number of white pupils 3,851 ; of colored pupils 408; total, 4,259 ; total expended for fiscal year, $115,971. The Catholic convents are not included in the above estimate. The buildings and grounds of these are estimated at $100,000 ; 15 sisters and no scholars. There are 2 commercial colleges, 2 medical colleges, 6 daily newpapers— ^^ stories "high; the upper story to be divided into 3 rooms, o-.ie 12^ x 20 feet, and two 10x125^ feet each, to have a shingle roof, a stone chimney and 2 fire- places, one above and one below. Bailey G. Martin was appointed to let the contract and superintend the building, but died before it was com- menced. On Sept. 6th following, J. J. Parnell was appointed super- intendent of the new court-house, and ordered to ascertain whether stone or brick would be the best and cheapest, and to advertise for bids, or let the contract privately, as might be for the best interest of the county. In the winter of 1836-7, the county seat was located at Hillsboro, the site of which — 50 acres — was given to the county by Samuel Merry and Hugh O'Neil. In the summer of 1839, work was commenced on the new court-house, which cost $4>6oo, and was built by Geo. Cunningham. Physical Features. — The surface of this county is, for the most part, "hilly, the highest ridge attaining an elevation of about 450 feet above the Mississippi , and from 200 to 300 feet above the general level of the neighboring water courses. The high lands of a large portion of the county ' .are moderately rolling, possess good soil and a growth chiefly of black, white, post and black jack oak, and black hickory. • In the northern and western townships the ridges are very narrow at their summits, sepa- rated from each other by deep ravines. The hills bounding the valleys of the large streams are also frequently marked with deep declivities, but sometimes they rise by a succession of gentle slopes, or terraces to the general level of the table lands. Nearly every part of the county is well watered and the Mississippi and Maramec form its eastern boundary. Big River passes in a serpentine course through the western portion, while Saline, Sugar, Mill and Labarque Creeks flow northward and empty into the Maramec. The principal tributaries of Big River are Dry Fork, Belews, Heads and Jones Creek. Joachim Creek runs from near the south-west corner to the Mis- sissippi, about the middle of the eastern line, the Plattin from the southern boundary north, emptying into the Mississippi about three miles further south, and the Sandy from the center of the county into the Joachim near its mouth. Muddy and Isle au Bois Creeks are on the south-eastern boundary. Grand Glaize and Little Rock Creeks empty into the Missis- sippi — the former at Sulphur Springs, the latter at Kimmswick. Cotters, Ogles, Watering and Buck Creeks flow into the Joachim, and Hocum, Flucum, Hominy and Dry Fork empty into the Plattin. The valleys of these streams are generally broad, affording many highly cultivated farms, possessing soils of remarkable fertility, which sustain a heavy growth of excellent timber. Springs abound, and some of them, as those at 282 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Kimmswick and Sulphur Springs, are considered valuable for their medi- cinal qualities. There is much valuable timber, but it is fast disappearing along the line of the railroad. The growth of bottom lands is sycamore, cotton- wood, maple, walnut, hickory, hackberry, oak, buckeye, etc., and of the uplands principally oak and hickory. The scenery along some of the streams is beautiful, and the limestone bluffs of the Mississippi about Selma and Rush Tower have an elevation of from 250 to 300 feet, which at a distance bear a remarkable resem- blance to artificial towers. Along the line of the St. L. & I .M. R. R. are solid masses of white limestone overhanging the track. The country along the route is grand and picturesque ; especially interesting to geologists. Agricultural Productions. The soil of the uplands varies from dark to red clay — in some places very deep, in others shallow and gener- ally sandy. That of the bottoms is a black loam. All kinds of grain and fruits are grown here, corn, wheat and oats being the principal crops. Tobacco and cotton are raised to a limited extent. A mixed husbandry is generally followed ; that is, to raise grain, hay, fruit and stock; all kinds of the latter, especially sheep, do well, par-" ticularly where the old plan of letting common stock run without shelter, feeding and salting only in winter, has given place to improved breeds and greater care. Among fruits, apples, peaches and grapes are the specialties ; the first are exceedingly fine, and never fail. Peaches are as fine as are grown anywhere, and have failed but three times in fifty years, while grape-grow- ing and wine-making is now a large industry, and is rapidly increasing. About one-tenth of the county is under cultivation. There is no swamp or railroad land, and but very little Government Land in the county. The Mineral Resources have never been fully developed. Iron and zinc are found in considerable quantities, but the former is not worked. Lead, however, is the great mineral product of the county. Among the more prominent deposits we note the Frionet Mines, seven miles west of De Soto. The Frumet Company have recently erected ex- tensive works for raising, crushing and smelting the ore, and are now doing a fine business. Their works are among the most complete in this country. The company is also shipping large quantities of zinc ore found on their property in great abundance. Frumet is one of the most promi- nent and permanent establishments in the State of Missouri. The Mam- moth Mine, west of De Soto, has not been worked for several years. It once earned the name applied to it, and no doubt would do so again if properly managed. The Plattin Mities, on Plattin Creek, east of De Soto, include a large scope of country that paid well for the labor and capital spent upon it. It was bought several years ago by a New York Company, for JEFFERSON COUNTY. 283 a large sum, but has not since been worked. The Valle Mines, in the southern part of the county, have been worked 60 years or more, and are still paying both in lead and zinc ore. The Sandy Mines, T. 41, R. 4 & 5, east, are not now worked — have paid well. The Old Ditch Mines near the line of Washington County, have been worked for 40 years or more, and always paid although there has never been any machinery used for separating ores. Hart' s Mines, near the Franklin and Washington County line, have been worked for 10 years, yielding largely. Near the same place a mine has been worked for 40 years, and always paid. Some new dis- coveries have been made on this lode lately, and near this Neree Valle owns a tract of land, rich in ore. The whole south-western part of the county is dotted with mines, there being a line of them from near the Franklin County corner, in a south-easterly course, to the Ste. Genevieve County line, all of which have been successfully worked. Howe' s Mine, east of the Plattin Mine before mentioned, was worked several years ago, but not recently. McCormack Zinc Mine near Plattin, is success- fully worked with a small force. There are a score or more of other mines worked occasionally by farmers when they can do nothing else, but the great want is capital, and energy to properly develop them. Sulphate of baryta accompanies lead ore in nearly all the mines in the county. Build- ing stone is abundant everywhere, and potters' and pipe clay are found at Gray's, the former also at the Nashville Mines. The Manufacturing Interests are a number of flouring and saw- mills, 2 lead furnaces, and a plate glass manufacturing company, which is about to begin operations at Crystal City. Water power is abundant. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $8,108,520.* Railroads. — The St. Louis & Iron Mountain R. R. traverses the county from north-east to south-west, with about 33 miles of track, and the Missouri Pacific runs near the north-western corner. The Exports are lead, zinc, building stone, sand, timber, wood, wheat, and small quantities of corn, oats, hay, tobacco, potatoes, fruit and stock. The Educational Interests consist of one seminary (built at De Soto in i860,) and 75 public schools, about half of which have log houses which are rapidly giving place to more comfortable and tasteful buildings. About half of the sub-districts have a good permanent fund from the sale of the i6th section. Antonia, 8 miles n. e. of Hillsborough,has 2 stores, a wagon shop and stave factory. Avoca, 6 miles s. e. of De Soto, has i mill and 2 stores, one of them owned by the Valle Mining Co. Bailey. — Sc? Hanover. * Assesssd valuation in 1873, 13,711,102. Bonded debt, Ji8o,ooo. Borded debt of De Soto, ^25,000. 284 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL Belew's Creek, a post-office 8 miles n. of Hillsborough. Brighton Mills, 3 miles n. w. of House's Springs, has a mill and store. Bushberg, on the Mississippi River and on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 25 miles from St. Louis, is the site of the grape-propagating and wine establishment of Is i dor Bush & Son, Byrne's Mill, 5 miles w. of House's Springs, has a mill, store, school-house and church. Cedar Hill, on Big River, 14 miles n. w. of Hillsborough, has a mill and store. Crystal City, on the Mississippi River, at the mouth of Plattin Creek, 3)^ miles s. e. of Bailey, is the site of a plate glass manu- factory. De Soto, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 42 miles from St. Louis, is the largest town in the county, and the shipping point for lead and zinc from Frumet, Richwoods, Old Ditch, Valle's and Plattin Mines. The town has two flouring-mills, about 15 stores, 2 good hotels, i semi- nary, I public school building and 4 churches — Catholic, Methodist, Episcopal and Presbyterian. The town recently appropriated $25,000 (the debt above mentioned) to purchase land for the machine shops of the St. L. & I. M. R., thus securing their location and early erection at this point. It has the usual complement of mechanics, etc. Population about 2,500. The Tribune is published by J. S. & S. B. Brady. Dittmer's Store, has a post-office and store, 12 miles n. w. of Hillsborough.. Frumet, 7 miles w. of De Soto, contains i store, a crusher and sepa- rator, and lead furnace. Glenwood, a station on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 24 miles from St. Louis. Hanover, (Bailey) on the St. L. «Sr I. M. R. R., 32 miles from St. Louis, has 2 stores, a school-house and Masonic hall, used also for a church. Population about 50. Hematite, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 35 miles from St. Louis, con- tains about 300 inhabitants, and has 2 stores, a school-house and 2 churches. High Ridge, a post-office 21 miles n. of Hillsborough. HILLSBOROUGH, the county seat, is situated near the center of the county, 4j^ miles from Victoria, and contains about 400 inhabitants. It is connected with St. Louis direct, and Victoria on the railroad, by good macadamized and graveled roads. It has a very high, healthy location, contains 2 churches — Union Protestant and Catholic, a good brick school-house, 5 stores, a few mechanics and i newspaper (the only one in Hillsboro) — the Jefferson Democrat, published by R. W. McMullin. Horine Station, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 29 miles from St. JEFFERSON COUNTY. 285 Louis, contains 2 stores, and is a shipping point for wood, timber and agricultural productions. House's Springs, 14 miles n. of Hillsborough, one of the oldest places in the county, contains 2 stores and a good concrete school-house. Illinois, a station on the St. L. & I M. R. R., 26 miles from St. Louis. Jefferson, a station on the St. L. & L M. R. R., 19 miles from St. Louis. Kimmswick, occupying a beautiful and commanding location on the Mississippi River, and on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 21 miles from St. Louis, is the second town in size in the county, and has a fine flouring- niill, an iron foundry, a good hotel, 5 stores, a beautiful green-house and floral garden, a school-house and a Presbyterian church. Maxville, on the gravel road leading from St. Louis to Hillsborough, 3 miles s. of the Maramec River, is a new place with i store. Morse's Mill, 6 miles n. w. of Hillsborough, has a mill and i store. Old Ditch, a post-office 17 miles s. w. of Hillsborough. Pevely, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 27 miles from St. Louis, has 2 stores, I hotel, i school-house and about 100 inhabitants. It has one of the prettiest locations in the county. Plattin, a post office 7^ miles e. s. e. of Victoria. Rush Tower, a post-office and store 16 miles e. s. e. of Victoria. It is also a landing place for boats. Sulphur Springs, on the Mississippi River and the St, L. & I. M. R. R. , 23 miles from St. Louis, has a flouring-mill, 2 stores, i hotel, a school-house, a Presbyterian church, and about 150 inhabitants. Victoria, is finely located on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 39 miles from St. Louis, and has a good hotel, 2 stores, school-house, and about 300 inhabitants. Vineland, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 47 miles from St. Louis, has 2 stores, 2 baryta-mills, and about 75 inhabitants. JOHNSON COUNTY, In the western part of the State, is bounded north by Lafayette County, east by Pettis, south by Henry, and west by Cass and Jackson Counties, and contains 516,797 acres. Population in 1840, 4,471 ; in 1850, 7,464; in i860, 14,644; in 1870, 24,648, of whom 23,189 were white, and 1,458 colored; 12,662 male, and 11,986 female; 23,665 native, (11,165 born in Missouri) and 983 foreign. Historj^— The first settlement was made near the present town of Columbus in 1833, and among those who drove down their tent pins on the hunting ground of the Indians of that neighborhood was Nicholas Houx, who afterward built the first house in the county. The same year Dr. Robert Rankin, (his son, Mr. Eads Rankin, is now a prominent stock-raiser near Columbus,) Rev. Robert King, John Whitsitt, Robert Craig, Uriel Murray, Morgan Cockrell, Noland Brewer and Mr. Andruss settled in the same vicinity. Later in 1833, Richard Huntsman settled near Fayetteville, planting a large number of fruit-tree cuttings, brought from Tennessee. One of the products of this orchard afterward became widely known among fruit-growers as "Huntsman's Favorite." Chris- topher and James Mulkey, Jacob Pearman, Edward Corder, and Wm. Frapp, came also in 1833, the two last named settling 6 miles west of the present site of Dunksburg. These were followed by Harvey Har- rison (afterward county judge), Gideon Harrison, John and Thomas Evans,. Wm. Hooten, Joseph Hobson, Samuel Evans, William Bigham, Robert Graham, James Cockrell, Jos. Harrison, (a soldier in the war of 1812,) and John, Wm., Daniel and David Marr. These brothers settled near the head-waters of Post Oak Creek, and north of them, Abner, James and John Stewart, Jacob Eppright and Abel Gilliland ; Wm. T. bonway in 1832, Wm. C. Baker in 1833. Solomon and Jesse Cox, Foun- tain Page, Robert, Samuel and John Graham, Rufus Hornbuckle, Simpson Brown, John Thornton, James and Wm. Carmichael, Henry Colburn, Edward and Charles Collins, James Simpson, James Borthick, and Joel Walker settled in what was known as the Graham neighborhood, near Fayetteville ; Samuel and Guy Graham and Phillip Houx near Cen- ter View. Among the early settlers in the south-eastern part of the county were James Patrick, J. N. Ousley, Dr. Ousley, Nathan Janes, Henry Forbian, Maj. Neil, Squire Cooper, Adam Fickus and James Marshall. Many of these pioneers still live to recount their tales of early peril and hardship. These were famous Indian hunting grounds, and wonderful 288 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL stories are told of the buffalo, antelope, elk and deer that roamed in vast herds over the hills and prairies, besides smaller game found in the forests that skirted the streams. The county was organized Dec. 13th, 1834, and named in honor of Richard M. Johnson, of Kentucky. The first court was held in a grove near Columbus. The first county justices were Amos Horn, Dr. Robert Rankin, and Uriel Murray. Among the first papers acted upon was a petition from Harvey Harrison, for the sale of Sec. 16, T. 47, R. 26, for school purposes, this being the first section sold in the county for the benefit of that fund. It was offered in 80-acre tracts, and brought from 1.25 to $3.50 per acre. The first circuit court was held at the residence of Nicholas Houx in Columbus, Judge John Ryland (afterward judge of the supreme court of the State,) presiding. Martin D. Warren, father of James Warren, (from whom the county seat was subsquently named,) was the first circuit and ex-ofiicio county clerk, and Joseph Cockrell, sheriff. He was succeeded by Dr. Wm. Calhoun, afterward State senator. The first representative was Macklin White. The county seat was located about 3 miles east of the present site of Columbus on the farm of Mrs. Fanny Cockrell, but the selection meeting with much opposition from other parts of the county, the commissioners reconsid- ered their decision and selected the present location, then owned by Martin D. Warren. With the exception of a few years during the Civil War, Johnson County has enjoyed uninterrupted prosperity, growing steadily in wealth and importance. Physical Features. — The general face of the country is undulating. In the extreme south-east is the High Point of Tebo, which forms the water-shed between the streams running to the Missouri, and those emptying in the Osage ; north of this is Bristle Ridge, a low range of hills terminating at Mountserrat, on the M. P. R. R. Basin Knob Ridge skirts the western border of the county and forms the water-shed for the tributaries of the Missouri River, and those of the Black Water, the latter finding its source in- living springs which flow from the base of Basin Knob Ridge. This ridge terminates in a high bluff near Kings- ville, and affords an extensive view of the county, which is level or slightly undulating, interspersed with an abundance of timber, consisting of walnut, elm, maple, ash, several varieties of oak, etc., which grow especially along the valleys of Black Water, Clear Fork, Bear, Honey, Walnut, Brush, Scaly Bark and Big Creeks; and on the crests of the ridges referred to, which also afford a choice variety of burr-oak, walnut and hickory for manufacturing purposes. In the early settlement of this county, its vast prairies were considered of little value by persons from densely timbered countries; but since the prairie fires are kept out, groves are growing up rapidly. The soil of JOHNSON COUNTY. 289 the prairie is a dark loam mixed with the debris of limestone rock, and is very fertile; that of the woodland is a reddish brown, and is well adapted to wheat and corn. The saline springs which abound are highly prized by stock-growers, and the numerous streams traversing the prairies peculiarly fit them for pasturage. Of these, the largest is Black Water, which has its source in the north-western part of the county, and flowing south, east, and then north-east, is swollen to quite a river by Brush, Post Oak, Bear and Clear Fork from the south, and Honey, North Walnut, Cracker, Davis and some smaller creeks from the north. Clear Fork its largest tributary, flows from the south nearly due north, through the eastern part of the county, and is joined from the west by Mineral Creek. The south-western part is well watered by numerous small streams; among them. Big Creek with its tributaries of Lost, Panther and South Walnut Creeks from the west, and Butcher, Scaly Bark, and Doe Creeks from the east A large proportion of the soil is rich and well adapted to agriculture, producing a large yield of all kinds of grains, grasses, fruits and vegetables. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, tobacco, hemp, rye, barley, flax, buckwheat, castor beans, and potatoes of both kinds. Corn and wheat are the staples, this ranking among the leading wheat- growing counties of the State. Blue grass is extensively grown, and is rapidly taking the place of the wild grasses. This is decidedly a fruit- growing county, apples, especially, being abundant and of excellent quality Grape-growing is attracting much attention, and there are some fine vineyards. There are a few small tracts of lands owned by the M. P. R. R. for sale in the county.* Mineral Resources.— Large quantities of excellent coal are found in various parts, the strata being from 18 to 30 inches in thickness. In the vicinity of Warrensburg, Montserratt and Carbon Hill, mining has been carried on quite extensively. In the south-eastern part of the county are found veins of ochre, choice clays, and a stratum of plumbago and black oxyde of manganese, which is susceptible of a fine polish and makes a clear, black mark. The limestone through the county embraces several varieties, some of which contain numerous fossils. Several spec- imens of petrifactions— principally of wood-have been found in the south-east corner of the county. The best quality of white and blue sandstone exists in great abundance in the vicinity of Warrensburg. The beds are deep, and the stone clear of veins and other imperfections, so that pieces of any desired size may be obtained. The Manufacturing Interests are represented by 10 flounng- mills, with a capacity of 1,000 barrels a day, beside some other grist- mills, a foundry and machine shop a Warrensburg, a cement-mill and * For prices, terms and full particulars, see Appendix— Page 290 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF AIISSOURL kiln at the same ])lace, which makes a fine article of hydraulic cement, and 3 agricultural implement manufactories. ^A/'ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^18,000,000.* Railroads. — There are 41 miles of track in this county, of which the Missouri Pacific Railroad has 31 miles and the Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R. 10 miles. The Exports are chiefly wheat, flour, corn, oats, apples, potatoes, live stock, coal and stone. The Educational Interests are well attended to, every sub-dis- trict being provided with schools and comfortable buildings. The Sec- ond District State Normal School, located at Warrensburg, is in successful operation, employing, in 1873, ^^ teachers, and having an attendance of 300 scholars. The State pays $10,000 annually toward sustaining this institution, which is a source of pride to the citizens. Benton. — See McClurg. Burnett's Station, (Wall's Store,) a post-office 16 miles s. s. e. of Warrensburg. Carbon Hill, (Clear Fork,) a station on the M. P. R. R., 7 miles e. of Warrensburg. Centre View, on the M. P. R. R., 6 miles w. of Warrensburg, is well laid out, and surrounded by a rich prairie. It contains 2 flouring- mills — one with three sets of buhrs and a capacity of 100 barrels of flour daily, 8 stores, i saddle and harness, i wagon and i carpenter shop, and I tannery, besides some other small business houses. Population about 200. Chalybeate, a post-office 8 miles s. s. w. of Warrensburg. Chilhowee, 14 mile, s. s. w. of Warrenburg, has 2 stores, i carpen- ter shop, I church and a school-house. Population about 100. Clear Fork. — See Carbon Hill. Columbus, 13 miles n. w. of Warrensburg, is the oldest town in the county, having been settled in 1833. It is pleasantly located in the edge of the timber near a valuable mineral spring, is surrounded by a fine country, and contains 3 churches — Cumberland Presbyterian, M. E. Ch. South and Christian, i good flouring-mill — 3 run of buhrs — 100 barrels a day, i wheelwright and 2 wagon shops, and 4 stores. Population about 150. Cornelia, a post-office 10 miles s. of Warrensburg. Fayette ville, (Hazel Hill,) 10 miles n. of Warrensburg, on the Lex- ington turnpike, is situated on a prairie in a wealthy farming community. It contains i church — Christian, and 7 stores. Population about 200. Gallagher — See Mo ntserratt. ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, J8, 107,870. Taxation, $^ per |ioo. Bonded debt, ^10,000! Warrens- burg and Madison Townships each have a bonded debt of Jioo,oooo; both R. R. debts. JOHNSON COUNTY. 291 Hazel Hill — See Fayetteville. Holden, at the junction of the M. P. R. R. with M. K. & T. R. R., ^232 miles from St. Louis, is the second town of importance in the •county. It contains 5 churches — Presbyterian, Cumberland Presbyterian, M. E. Ch., Christian and Catholic, good public schools, with an attendance of 550 scholars, 2 hotels, i large flouring-mill, i newspaper — The Ente7'prise, published by G. N. Richards, about 20 stores, 3 lum- ber yards, i livery stable, i gunsmith, i saddle and harness and 2 car- penter shops, I broom factory, 2 grain depots and i nurseryman. Popu- lation about 2,500. Kings ville. — See Ramey. Knobnoster, on the M. P. R. R., 10 miles east of Warrensburg, derives its name from a prominent mound or knob that stands near to it, isolated, on the prairie. The surrounding country is pleasantly diversified by timber and streams, and there is in the neighborhood an abundance ol good coal, and a bed of ochre. The town was laid off in 1845, incor- porated in 1852, and contains 5 churches — M. E. Ch., Cumberland Presbyterian, Presbyterian, Christian and Catholic, i school, i bank, i newspaper — the Missouri Fanner, published by J. R. Cordell, 2 hotels, 2 livery stables, 20 stores, i Avagon and i saddler's shop, 2 lumber yards, i nursery and i grain depot. Population, about 2,000. McClurg, (Benton,) a station on the M. K. & T. R. R., 8 miles s. w. of Holden. Montserratt, (Gallagher,) on the M. P. R. R., 6 miles east of War- rensburg, contains 2 churches, a public school, a grain elevator and a few business houses. Population, about 100. Pittsville, 10 miles n. of Holden, is in the midst of a fine farming country, and has i church — Baptist, a good public school and 2 stores. Population, about 100. Ramey, (Kingsville,) on the M. P. R. R., 19 miles w. of Warrens- burg, has I hotel, 6 stores, a flouring-mill and a carpenter shop. Popula- tion, about 300. Rose Hill, 7 miles s. s. w, of Holden, has 3 stores and a public school. Wall's Store. — See Burnett's Station. WARRENSBURG, the county seat, on the M. P. R. R., 218 miles west of St. Louis, is pleasantly located on a high, timbered ridge, com- manding an extensive view of well cultivated prairies, dotted with farm houses, stretching away from the town in all directions. The location is healthy, and in the vicinity are a number of fine springs. The town was laid off in 1835 by John and Martin D. Warren, for whom it was named. The first term of the county court was held there in 1836; it was incorpo- rated as a town in 1846, and as a city in 1855. It contains 3 newspapers — The Democrat, published by Julian & Conklin, The Standard, by Baldwin & Klain, and The Jotirnal, by S. P. Cutler; 13 churches — M. E. 292 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL Ch., M. E. Ch. South, 2 Presbyterian, United Presbyterian^ Ciunberland Presbyterian, German Lutheran, Christian, Baptist, Episco- pal, Catholic, colored Methodist and colored Baptist, 2 flouring-mills, about 30 stores, a good city hall, i carriage and i agricultural implement manufactory, 2 hotels, i carding and spinning machine, 3 lumber yards and various other establishments, i nurseryman. Population, about 5000, Besides other public schools the Second District State Normal School is located here. KNOX COUNTY, In the north-east part of the State, is bounded north by Scotland County, east by Clark and Lewis, south by Shelby and Macon, and west by Macon and Adair Counties, and contains 323,195 acres. Population in 1850, 2,894; in i860, 8,727; in 1870, 10,974, of Avhom 10,774 were white, and 200 colored; 5,735 male, and 5,239 female; 10,368 native (4,855 born in Missouri) and 606 foreign. History. — In the fall of 1832, Stephen Cooper, from Howard County, settled in what is now the northern part of Knox, and .2 years late-r Richard Cook and James Reid followed him. During 1840 a num- ber of emigrants from Ohio, Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky established themselves in various parts of the county. In 1842 Peter Early, an Irish- man, established a small colony of his countrymen near Edina, and this has so constantly been added to, that now the foreign born inhabitants con- stitute an important part of the population, and are among the most prominent and industrious citizens. The first church was built at Edina, in 1842, by the Catholics. Knox was organized February 14th, 1845, ^"^ named in honor of Gen. Knox, of Revolutionary fame. Physical Features. — The surface of the country is undulating, about three-fifths prairie and two-fifths timber. It is well watered by South Fabius, Bridge and Troublesome Creeks and numerous other small streams, all flowing from north-west to south-east, and bordered with the different varieties of oak, hickory, walnut, elm, maple, etc. The soil is good and well adapted to all the cereals. This is an excellent grazing district, as all the grasses succeed admirably, and water for stock is abundant. The Agricultural Productions are corn, oats, rye, barley, tobacco, the grasses, vegetables and fruits — especially apples and peaches. This being such an excellent grazing county, stock-raising is an impor- tant interest, and the dairy business is made a specialty in several parts of the county. During 1873 Knox County shipped 1,420 horses, 520 mules, 32,874 hogs, 6,251 sheepand 13,151 cattle; aggregate value over ^400,000. The Manufacturing Interests are but poorly developed. There is room for many new branches of industry. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, 1^4,500,000.* * Assessed valuation for 1873, ^3,194,893. Bonded debt, ^1169,100. Taxation $1.05 per $100. 294 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. Railroads. — The Quincy, Missouri & Pacific R. R., has 23 miles of track passing through the county from east to west. There are about 18 miles of bridging and grading done on the Keokuk & Kansas City R. R., from Edina in a south-westerly direction to the line of Macon County. The Exports are horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, mules, corn, oats, tim- othy and hungarian seed, hay, tobacco, wool and butter. Educational Interests. — There are 80 sub-districts, with good school-houses, well furnished. Edina and some of the larger towns have well-arranged and substantial buildings. The schools are in session from 4 to 8 months each year. St. Joseph's Academy, under the care of the Sisters of Loretto, the only incorporated institution in the county, is located at Edina. Bee Ridge, a post-office 9 miles s. e. from Edii.a. Colony, a post-office 18 miles n. e. from Edina. EDINA, the county seat, on the Q. M. & P. R. R., 47 miles from Quincy, was laid out in 1839 by Jackson Smallwood and Stephen Car- negy, and incorporated February i6th, 1857. The town is well and com- pactly built, and its people are energetic and intelligent. It has 10 dry goods, 6 grocery and 2 hardware stores, 2 newspapers — The Sentinel, published by James C. Claypool, and The Democrat, published by Griffin Frost, 4 churches — Catholic, M. E. Ch., Christian and Presbyterian. An elegant Catholic church is now being erected, to cost, when completed, ^^50,000. This denomination is believed to largely out-number all others. Edina has a fine public school and a separate building for colored children. The Academy of St. Joseph is also located here. Population, about 1,500. Goodland, a post-office 18 miles s. w. from Edina. Greensburgh, a post-office 10 miles n. from Edina. Hurdland, on the Q. M. & P. R. R., 7 miles w. from Edina. Knox City, (Myrtle,) on the Q. M. & P. R. R., 9 miles e. from Edina, was laid off in 1872 and has i store. Locust Hill, a post-office 1 2 miles s. w. from Edina, on the line of the projected K. & K. C. R. R. Millport, 9 miles n. e. from Edina, is a growing town, having a good grist-mill, saw-mill, also several stores and shops. Population, about 200. Myrtle. — See Knox City. Newark, a small village 19 miles s. e. from Edina, was laid off in 1836. Population, about 250. Novelty, a post-office 12 miles s. from Edina. Owl Creek, a post-office 14 miles s. e. from Edina. LACLEDE COUNTY, In the south-central part of the State, is bounded north by Camden and Pulaski Counties, east by Pulaski and Texas, south by Wright and Web- ster, and west by Dallas County, and contains 474,879 acres. Population in 1850, 2,498; in i860, 5,182; in 1870, 9,380, of whom 9,218 were white, and 162 colored; 4,724 male and 4,656 female ; 9,036 native (4,536 born in Missouri) and 344 foreign. History. — Laclede was settled mostly by emigrants from Tennessee, although, as in most parts of Missouri, Kentucky was soon represented ; and there were also a few settlers from Indiana, Illinois, and some fami- lies from the Eastern States, who came early into the territory which now forms this county. At the time of its first settlement it was a part of Pulaski, but was organized as a separate county February 24th, 1849, when it received its name in honor of Pierre Laclede Liguest, the founder of St. Louis. During the late Civil War this county suffered considerably from the invasion of the contending forces. The court-house and county jail were destroyed, but since peace was proclaimed the county has progressed rapidly in population and general improvements. Physical Features. — Laclede is situated upon the summit level of the Ozark Range, and presents a great variety of surface, from the level or moderately undulating prairies to rugged hills and miniature moun- tains. In the vicinity of Big Niangua, Gasconade and Osage Fork of Gasconade the hills range from 150 to 500 feet in height, separated from each other by deep and narrow valleys. From this elevation four streams — Woolsey's, Mountain, Spring Hollow and Sweet Hollow — flow west into the Niangua. Goodwin Hollow runs north to the Auglaize, a tributary of the Osage River, while the eastern and southern parts of the county are drained by Osage Fork of Gasconade, Gasconade River, and Bear, Mill, Cobbs, Brush, Panther, Parks, Steen and several smaller creeks. An erroneous impression is generally formed of these elevated table-lands from the manner in which they are represented upon many of the maps. (For correction of these errors, see general article on Topography.) The soil of the upland is varied ; the light and gravelly portions are well adapted to fruit-culture, and particularly favorable for grapes, while in the post-oak flats the clay comes nearer the surface. The bottoms along the larger water courses are remarkable for their fertility, and sup- port a heavy growth of the finest kinds of timber. They are capable of 296 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL producing excellent crops of corn, hemp and oats, and after being par- tially exhausted by cultivation, they become excellent wheat lands. The bottoms of the smaller streams are not so heavily timbered, but are scarcely inferior in point of fertility. The country is well watered, not only by running streams, but also by never-failing springs. Professor Swallow, in his Geological Report of Missouri, notices one of these — Bryce's Spring (Bennett's Spring) — whose waters are now used as the propelling power of Bennett's flouring-mill and carding machine. Caves are of frequent occurrence, and some of them are of considerable magnitude. The one most deserving of notice is Cave Spring, situated on the east side of Park's Creek, in section 18, T. 32, Range 15. The entrance, 35 feet wide and 30 feet high, at the foot of a perpendicular cliff, is far above the water level. There is, on sec. 21, T. 34, R. 17, a natural bridge or tunnel 7 miles west of Lebanon, worthy of mention. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats, timothy, hungarian and other grasses, tobacco, hemp, barley and buckwheat ; while all the fruits of the latitude, especially peaches and grapes, grow- abundantly, and are of excellent flavor. The county is well adapted to stock-raising, and the main profit to farmers comes from the sale of horses, mules, cattle and hogs. There is quite an amount of swamp land for sale in this county and 85,000 acres of choice land belonging to the A. & P. R. R., for sale on their usual terms at $2 to $7.50 per acre.* The Mineral Resources though not yet developed, are undoubtedly great. Large masses of hematite have been observed near Bear Creek, in T. 36, R. 14. Sulphuret of lead and zinc occur in T. 36. Dark grey dolomite, a fine building material, fire-stone, and a sandstone, composed of grains firmly cemented with a silicious paste which has been successfully used for mill-stones, an^ also limestone from which excellent lime is made, abound in this county. The Manufacturing Interests are at present confined to a few saw and grist-mills and a wool carding-mill, though the excellent water power of the county invites a larger development. ^A(^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $3,000,000.! Railroads. — The Atlantic & Pacific R. R. passes through Laclede from north-east to south-west, having 40 miles of track in the county. The Laclede & Fort Scott R. R., was commenced in 1869 and graded from Lebanon to the western line of the county, a distance of about 14 miles ; ♦ The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St. Louis to the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix t Assessed valuation ini873.Ji,505,2i5- Taxation, ^2.15 per $ioo. Bonded debt, ^100,000. Float- ing debt, $10,000. LACLEDE COUNTY. 297 this project, however, was temporarily suspended after the county had in- curred a debt of ^100,000. The Exports are corn, wheat and stock. The Educational Interests are well attended to. There is a high school at Lebanon, and about 100 other schools in the county, all pro- gressing well. Brush Creek, a station on the A. & P. R. R., 9 miles s, w. of Lebanon. Case, a post-office 13 miles n. of Lebanon. Competition, (Newburg,) 22 miles s. e. of Lebanon, on the Gascon- ade River, has a good school-house and a Masonic hall, and is in the center of an extensive mineral district. Population, about 100. Conway, a station on the A. & P. R. R., 16 miles s. w. of Lebanon. Hazel Green, a post-office 2 miles e. of Sleeper. Jericho, a post-office 1 7 miles s. of Lebanon. LEBANON, the county seat, on the A. &. P. R. R., i86 miles from St. Louis, has a beautiful situation near the center of the county, sur- rounded by a fine agricultural district. It contains 6 churches — Congre- gational, M. E. Ch., Christian, Baptist, Catholic and colored Baptist. Several others have organizations but no church buildings. There are 2 Masonic lodges with halls, i Royal Arch Chapter, i Odd Fellows lodge and hall ; i high school, i colored school, i bank, i steam grist and saw- mill, 21 stores, I lumber yard, 2 cabinet makers, i brewery, 3 hotels, 2 wagon and 3 carpenter shops, i stock yard and 2 newspapers — the Lebanon Chronicle, ]. F. Johnson, publisher, and the Lebanon Anti-Monopolist^ J. G. Lemen publisher. Population about 1,200. Nebo, a post-office 20 miles e. of Lebanon. Newburg, — See Competition. Oakland, a post-office 12 miles e. of Lebanon. Phillipsburgh, a post-office on the A. & P. R. R., 12 miles s. of Lebanon, Pine Creek, a post-office 22 miles e. s. e. of Lebanon. Sleeper, a station on the A. & P. R. R. 7 miles n. of Lebanon. Spring Hollow, a post-office 9 miles s. w. of Lebanon. Warrenville, a post-office 9 miles n. e. of Lebanon. LAFAYETTE COUNTY, In the western part of the State, is bounded north by the Missouri River, which separates it from Ray and Carroll Counties, east by Saline, south by Johnson and west by Jackson, and contains 403,671 acres. Population in 1830, 2,912; in 1840, 6,815; in 1850, 13,690; in i860, 20,098; in 1870, 22,623, of whom 18,584 were white, and 4,039 colored; 11,689 male, and 10,934 female; 20,692 native, (12,518 born in Missouri) and 1,931 foreign. History. — During the war of 181 2, the site of the pleasant village of Mayview — long known as Heth Hills — was the scene of a bloody con- flict between a detachment of U. S. troops, Capt. Heth commanding, and a large body of Indians. There was no further trouble with the sav- ages, and Gilead Rupe, who located, in 18 15, on the farm now occupied by Mr. Erskine, 2^ miles south of Lexington, lived unmolested, although his nearest neighbor was Jesse Cox, who settled about the same time in the bottom above Arrow Rock, distant about 65 miles. In 1816, Thos. Hopper, of North Carolina, settled 8 miles south-west of the present site of Lexington, and was followed by Solomon Cox, who located near what is now the village of Dover. Albert and Wilson Owens came the same year, and located where Lexington now stands. In 1818 the immi- gration was quite large, and among those who came were G. Tryham, Rad. Cole, John Lovelady, Wm. and John Dickson, James Lillard, C. Turnage and James Hicklin. The last named, now an aged and wealthy citizen residing 3 miles east of Lexington, split the first rails ever made in the county. The venerable John Nelson, still living in the vicinity of Lexington, and others now dead, came about 1820. Indeed the immigration was so great about this time — 15 or 20 families coming in — that much dissatisfaction was felt among the older settlers. The nearest corn mill was in the Big Bottom in Saline County, 60 miles distant ; and the nearest flouring-mill was at Old Franklin. Lillard County was organized Nov. i6th, 1820, from Cooper, and the county seat was located at Mt. Vernon, 10 miles below the present site of Lexington, where the first court was held in 1820. The first judge, Hon. David Todd, was succeeded by Hon. John F. Ryland, who continued to preside until appointed to the supreme bench by Gov. Austin A. King. Dec. 3rd, 1822, the county seat was removed to Lexington, and soon after, court was held in Dr. Buck's house, the first one built in the place, and which still stands. Mr. Geo. Houx, who traveled through the county in 1822, states that there was only one church at that time within ;3oo CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL its limits. This was a Baptist church, located about 2 miles south-west of Lexington, where Mr. Wright's lime-kiln now stands. In 1826, a brick church building was erected by the Cumberland Presbyterians at Lexing- ton, and at this place in 1822, Mr. John Aull, elder brother of Mr. Robert AuU, of St. Louis, and of Mrs. Pomeroy, of Lexington, built the first stone- house. In 1834, the name of the county was changed to Lafayette, and its present boundaries established. This county suffered less than many other portions of the State during the late Civil War; one sharp conflict, however, occurred at the old Mason ice College in Lexington, between the Federals under Col. Mulligan, and the Confederates commanded by Gen. Price. Physical Features. — The northern boundary is washed by the Mis- souri River, which receives numerous small tributaries from this county, chief of which are Big Sniabar, East Fork of Sniabar, Little Sniabar, Big Tabo and Salt Creeks. The southern portion is watered by Davis and Black Jack Creeks. All of these streams are bordered by a fine growth of the various kinds of oak, also hickory, elm, ash, etc. The face of the county is generally undulating, and the soil is of a deep rich loam, under- laid with limestone. A ridge passes south of the central part of the country from north-east to south-west, which separates the affluents of the Missouri from the sub-tributaries of LaMine, and in the south-western part there are some elevations — chief of which are Buck and Wagon Knobs — from which fine views of the surrounding country may be had. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, tobacco, hemp, oats, barley, rye, the grasses, fruits and vegetables. The yield of wheat for 1873 i^ estimated at 1,000,000 bushels; corn, 2,000,000; tobacco, 500,000 pounds; and hemp, 1,500 tons. Blue grass succeeds well, and its acreage is yearly increasing. Great attention is given to stock, espe- cially to hogs, and large numbers are raised annually. The fruits of this latitude are grown in large quantities, and are of fine size and flavor. Mineral Resources. — Coal crops out near the base of the Missouri River Bluffs, and along some of the smaller water courses. The average thickness of the vein is about 22 inches. Drift mining was exclusively practiced until lately, but several shafts have been sunk with satisfactory results. The Manufacturing Interests consist of foundry and machine shops, flouring, planing and saw-mills, woolen-mills, breweries, carriage, wagon, hemp and furniture factories. "Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $20,000,000.* Railroads. — The Lexington Branch of the Missouri Pacific R. R. extends from Lexington, 27)4 miles, diagonally through the county and passes out near the south-eastern corner. The Burlington & South-west- * Assessed valuation in 1873, 56,797,93. Taxation, $3.65 per ;gioo. Bonded debt, ^1,044,921 Float- ng debt, ^24,470, Debt of townships, 1^313,000. LAFAYETTE COUNTY. 301 -ern R. R. is graded 26 miles in a south-westerly direction from Lexing- ton, which place is also the terminus of the St. Louis & St. Joseph R. R. The Exports are wheat, coal, hemp, cattle, hogs, corn, flour, etc. Educational Interests. — Number of sub-districts, 91; of school- houses, 95 ; of schools, 102; of children of school age, 8,931 ; teachers, 130 ; value of public school property, $71,185. In addition to the pub- lic shools, which are of a high order, there are three seminaries for young ladies, and several smaller private schools. Value of private school property, about $60,000. Aullville, on the L. &. St. L. R. R., 17 miles from Lexington, in a good agricultural district, was incorporated July 1871. Pop. about 500. Berlin, on the Missouri River, 8 miles e. n. e. of Lexington, and 2 miles n. of Dover, for which place, and the surrounding rich country, it is the shipping point by river, was incorporated March 1854. The exports during the year 1873 were as follows: wheat, 40,000 bushels; hemp, 600 tons; hogs, 1,490; cattle, 100; corn, 30,000 bushels; and sundries valued at $15,000. Chapel Hill, 26 miles s. s. w, of Lexington, and a designated sta- tion on the B. & S. W. R. R., was incorporated in September 1857. Concordia, on the L. & St. L. R. R., 24 miles s. e. of Lexington, incorporated August 1869, is a thrifty and prosperous village in the center of a densely populated German settlement. Population about 600. Dick, a post-office 14 miles e. of Page City. Dover, 10 miles e. of Lexington, incorporated March 1835, is a beautiful village in a rich farming country, and contains 3 churches and several business houses. Population about 150. Freedom, a post-office 3 miles s. of Aullville. Greenton, a post-office 12 miles s. s. w. of Lexington, is surrounded by a country of great beauty and fertility. Higginsville, on the L. & St. L. R. R., 13 miles s. e. of Lexing- ton, was incorporated August 1869. Population about 300. LEXINGTON, the county seat, situated on the high and healthful bluffs of the Missouri River, and on the L. & St. L. R. R., 55 miles from Sedalia, and 244 miles from St. Louis, was settled by A. and W. Owens from North Carolina, in the year 181 7, and was laid off by Commis- ioners James Bounds, John Dustan and James Lillard ; the city charter was obtained March 5th, 1855. This is one of the most beautiful cities of the State; th-e streets are broad and adorned with shade trees, chiefly maple, and the residences are built with taste, and usually surrounded with beautiful flowers and shrubbery, while the business houses are substantial and commodious. Lexington was long the commercial center of the western portion of the State, until the construction of the M. P. R. R. so cut off the trade as to render it now dependent upon the country contiguous to it, but its healthy location, its great educational 30 2 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL advantages and its inexhaustible coal fields must always make it an. important place. It contains 3 public schools, to one of which a high; school is attached; 10 teachers are employed who have the care of 605 pupils. There is also a public school for colored children, employing 4 teachers and having an attendance of 240 scholars. There are 3 semi- naries for young ladies, also i private high school for boys and i private school. There are 12 churches — Catholic, M. E,. Ch. South Presbyter- ian, Presbyterian (O. S.), Cumberland Presbyterian, Baptist, Christian,, Episcopal, German Methodist, 2 colored Methodist and i colored ^Baptist, also 3 newspapers — The Caucasian, edited and published by Ethan Allen, Hon. J. T. Child and W. G. Musgrove, The Intelligeiicer, published by the Intelligencer Pub. Co., M. A. Steele, editor, and The Register, published by H. W. Turner ; Col. Mark L. DeMotte and C. B. Wilson, editors ; 4 banks and about 70 stores. Population, about 6,000. It may not be uninteresting to mention that in Lafayette County there: has existed for many years past, what is known as the *'01d Men's Asso- ciation;" the only qualification for membership is that the applicant shall have attained the age of three score and ten. Semi-annually (spring and fall) they dine at the house of some member. At a meeting recently held at the hospitable residence of Mr. John R. Ford — one of the association — in addition to the members,i6in number, there were present three venerable ladies, two of whom were over 95, and one over 85 years of age. The aggregate ages of the company assembled that day was over 1,600 years. Lisbon. — See Napoleon. Mayvie'w, 12 miles s. s, e. of Lexington, on the line of the proposed Kansas City & Arrow Rock R. R., is about 8 miles n. w. of AuUville, and. was incorporated December, 1867. This town is near the center of the county, and is built upon a succession of mounds, which gives it a fine view.. Mt. Hope, a post-office 20 miles s. w. of Lexington has 4 stores. Napoleon, (formerly Lisbon,) on the Missouri River, and 13 miles w. s. w. of Lexington, was incorporated November 1836. The exports for 1873 were 5,500 bushels of >vheat, 50 tons of hemp, 1,000 hogs, 1,054, bushels of corn, 4,000 tons of tobacco, sundries $2,000 in value. Page City, a post-office on the L. & St. L. R. R. 9 m. s. e. of Lexington.. Pleasant Prairie, a post-office 17 miles s. w. of Lexington. Sniabar, a post-office 20 miles s. s. w. of Lexington. Tabo, a post-office 18 miles s. s. e. of Lexington. ^Al^ave^ly, on the Missouri River, 22 miles e. of Lexington, situated^ on land that was entered by Wm. Carroll in 1818, was incorporated in 1848. It has 2 banks, several churches and schools, and is an important shipping point. Population, about 900. Wellington, on the Missouri River, 8 miles s. vv. of Lexington, was-; incorporated in 1837. Population, about 700. LAWRENCE COUNTY, In the south-western part of the State, is bounded north by Dade County, east by Greene, Christian and Stone, south by Barry, and west by Newton and Jasper Counties, and contains 384,000 acres. Population in 1850, 4,859; in i860, 8,846; in 1870, 13,067, of whom 12,808 were white, and 2,599 colored; 6,634 male, and 6,433 female; 12,829 native (6,154 born in Missouri), and 238 foreign. History. — A number of families accompanied Judge John Williams from Tennessee in 1831, but on reaching the creek and "breaks " near the eastern part of the county, all turned back disheartened, except the Judge and his son, Samuel S. Williams, whereupon the creek was called Turnback, and still bears that name. Mr. S. S. Williams settled on Spring River, 2 miles west of Mount Vernon, and was joined the same year by Geo. M. Gibson and Daniel Lee. From that time to 1839, many moved in, among whom were Alfred Moore, William Wright, George Hill, A. B. Baugh, Jesse Duncan, Ad. Whipple, Sampson Wright, Wm. Jennings, John W. Moore, Robert Jennings, Jesse Williamson and Joseph W. Ellis-i^the four last-named still living. Mr. Joseph W. Ellis may be mentioned as one of the pioneer teachers of the South-west. He opened a school in the William's settlement in 1839, and for 30 years pursued his laborious avocation in this county. For several years after the first set- tlers had located, the Indians, especially the Delawares, passed through the county on their annual hunts, from their reservation to White River. The whole country was then filled with game — now only an occasional wolf or deer is found, but turkeys, prairie chickens, quails, etc., are still abundant. In 1835, ^ grist-mill was built near the northern boundary of the county and 7 miles from the north-east corner. It was called Lumley's Mill. Settlers carried their grist to this mill over many a weary mile. In these days, all the groceries and ''store goods" were brought by teams from Boonville, the principal trading point. The county was organized Feb. 25th, 1845, ^oi^ parts of Dade and Barry, and the first county court was held at the house of Robert B. Taylor, April 7th, 1845, t>y judges Joseph Schooling, Joseph Rinker and Robert B. Taylor. The county seat was located at the present site of Mt. Vernon, at which place the organization of Lawrence was celebrated by a "bran dance," on the 4th of July, 1845. ^^ preparing for this celebration and sale of lots, invitations were sent to neighboring counties, and promptly responded to by hundreds, who came to celebrate the 304 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL national anniversary, and the birth of a new county. An arbor was made from the black jacks and other forest trees, on the spot where the court-house now stands, beneath which the sale was held, and afterward a grand barbacue served up, speeches made and a spirited time enjoyed by all. After the business and the barbacue had received proper attention, the arbor was cleared away, and bran strewn over the ground to prepare it for dancing; old, middle-aged and young joined in the dance, and everything passed off harmoniously. James M. Kellogg, the first mer- chant in Mt. Vernon, took part in this celebration, and is still in business there. The first court held after the location of the county seat, was at the house of George White, Esq., presided over by Hon. Charles S. Yancy, Thomas Hash, clerk, Washington Smith, sheriff; Jno. Williams, one of the oldest settlers, was foreman of the first grand jury. Lawrence shared the fate of Southern Missouri during the Civil War; it was the scene of frequent skirmishes between small squads of Union and Con- federate soldiers and "bushwhackers." One little village and quite a number of dwelling houses were burned. Men were sometimes shot down in the presence of their families, and their houses reduced to ashes. Mt. Vernon was a rendezvous for the Unionists of McDonald, Newton and Jasper Counties; 5 families were known to live for months in a house of 2 rooms. The building of the Atlantic & Pacific R. R. opened con- nection east and south, and the emigrant is fast learning that no richer or more attractive agricultural lands are to be found, than those of Law- rence County. Physical Features. — The county lies on the table lands of the Ozark Mountains, at an elevation of 1,300 feet above the level of the sea. The streams of the north-east, East Turnback and West Turnback, Fork of Sac River, Pickerel and Sinking Creeks find their way to the Missouri ; those of the central and south-western portions — Spring River, which rises in the southern part of the county, i mile south of Verona, and flows in a north-westerly direction, and its tributaries, Honey, White Oak Fork of Spring River, as well as Center Creek, flow into the Arkansas. There are many springs, some of great size and beauty; chief among them are Paris Springs, 12 miles north-east of Mt. Vernon, the Edmonton, 8 miles south-west, the Verona, 13 miles south, the Polk, 10 miles south-east, Williams, 8 miles east, and a short distance north- east the Lumley Spring. Some of these springs and many of the streams furnish excellent water power. It is remarkable that there is not abridge in the county, nor is one needed, the streams being shallow and the fords solid. The north-eastern part of the county is generally hilly and tim- bered, and the remainder gently undulating, with about an equal division of timber and prairie. The county is also about equally divided between bottoms and uplands. In ordinary seasons, the land is all productive, except on a few stony hills in the north-east, and the bottoms never fail. LAWRENCE COUNTY. 305 The timber is walnut, hickory, oak, ehn and sycamore. There are sev- eral extensive caves in the northern part of the county. One within half a mile of Chalybeate Springs has been explored for a short distance, and is found very beautiful and grand. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats, rye, barley, flax, potatoes, sorghum, tobacco, apples, peaches and vegetables gen- erally. Wheat-growing commands most attention. There are about 85,000 acres of land improved. The Atlantic & Pacific R. R. Co. own about 80,000 acres of good land in the county, which they sell at from $5 to $12 per acre.* Mineral Resources. — A great deal of prospecting for mineral is going on in the county, with fair prospects for paying quantities of lead. Near Hunt's store are indications of extensive digging or mining opera- tions in times long past. Miners are now at work there, and anticipate finding silver-bearing quartz. The Manufacturing Interests are machine shops, flouring-mills, saw-mills and wagon factories, and i distillery. Wealth. — Valuation of the county, per census of 1870, $3,ooo,ooo,f Railroads. — The Atlantic & Pacific R. R. has 22^ miles of track, passing through from east to west on the south side of the county, except a few miles where it runs into Barry. The Memphis, Carthage & North- western R. R. has 3 miles of track in the south-western part of the county. The Exports are wheat, corn, cattle, horses, mules, hogs, tobacco and hides. Educational Interests. — There are 75 sub-districts and 60 school- houses in the county. Public schools are established in every sub-dis- trict. The school-house at Peirce City cost $13,000, and is a credit to the town. At Marionville the Methodists have established a college, which has been in successful operation for 2 years. The building is not yet completed. Aurora, on A. & P. R. R., 5 miles n. e. of Verona, was laid out in 1870, has 2 stores, several shops, i school-house and i church — Chris- tian. Population about 100. Bower's Mills, (Lyon,) 12 miles w. n. w. of Mt, Vernon, laid off in 1869, has i dry goods store, i drug store and good water power. Chalybeate Springs, (Paris Springs,) 1 2 miles n. e. of Mt. Vernon, has a large and commodious hotel, and the waters are noted for their healing qualities. Chesapeake, a post-office 8 miles e. of Mt. Vernon. *The Railroad Company requires 'lo per cent. , of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be paid, with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St, Louis to the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix. fAssessed valuation in 1873, $2,567,340. Bonded debt, $10,000. Floating debt, $2,000. Taxation, •fi.iS per ^xoo. Peirce City has a bonded debt of ^50,000, subscription to M. C. & N. W. R. R, 3o6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Dunkle's Store, (Lawrenceburg,) a post-office i6 miles n. e. of Mt. Vernon. Gray's Point, a post-office 12 miles n. w. of Mt. Vernon. Havens, a post-office 14 miles n. n. e. of Mt. Vernon. Heaton, a post-office 6 miles n. of Mt. Vernon. Johnson's Mills, on the Turnback, has 3 grist-mills and a carding machine within a short distance of each other. Lawrenceburg. — See Dunkle's Store. Logan, on the eastern line of the county, and on the A. & P. R. R., 12 miles n. e. of Verona, laid out by the A. & P. R. R., has 2 dry goods and I drug store, and several shops. Lyons. — See Bower's Mills. Marionville, 2 miles w. of Logan, laid out in 1854 by James M. Moore, is an important business point, and has 8 or 10 business houses and a newspaper — The Advocate. Population about 300. MT. VERNON, the county seat, 11 miles n. of Verona, within a half mile of the center of the county, and situated on an elevation, so that it is seen from a distance of 10 or 12 miles from the road, was laid ofiT in 1845. -^^ immense spring of water gushes out in the north-west part of the town, forming a stream of considerable size, and giving the town excellent pure water. It has a fine large school-house, 3 churches — Baptist, Cumberland Presbyterian and Methodist. The Christian Church has an organization, but no house. The court-house is a large three- story brick building, standing in the center of the square. The town contains 1 1 stores, an excellent steam flouring-mill, 3 blacksmith shops, and 2 saddlers ; also i newspaper — the Fountain and Journal, the Mt. Vernon Publishing Company, proprietors. Population about 500. Paris Springs. — See Chalybeate Springs. Phelps, a post-office 7 miles n. w. of Mt. Vernon. Peirce City, at the junction of the A. & P. R. R. with the M. C. & N. R. R., 261 miles s. w. from St. Louis, laid off in 1871, is a town of considerable importance. It has 3 churches — Baptist, Cumberland Pres- byterian and Catholic, i school-house (costing ;^ 10,000), 21 stores, i steam flouring-mill, i wagon manufactory, 3 hotels and i newspaper — The Democrat. Population about 1,500. Round Grove, 12 miles n. n. w. of Mt. Vernon, laid off in 1872, has I store and a Baptist church. Spencer, a post-office 6 miles n. e. of Mt. Vernon. Verona, on the A. & P. R. R., 278 miles s. w. of St. Louis, laid out in 1868, has i church — Cumberland Presbyterian (costing about %^,oo6), I good school-house, 6 stores, 2 blacksmith shops, and is the usual rail- road station for Mt. Vernon. Population about 500. LEWIS COUNTY, In the north-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Clark County, east by the Mississippi River, which separates it from Illinois, south by Marion and Shelby, and west by Knox County, and contains 320,560 acres. Population in 1840, 6,040; in 1850, 6,578; in i860, 12,286; in 1870, 15,114, of whom 13,933 were white and 1,181 colored ; 7,849 male and 7,265 female; 14,146 native (8,020 born in Missouri,) and 968 foreign. History.— It is probable that the first white settler of this county was a Frenchman, named Lesseur, who built a hut on the banks of the Missis- sippi, at the present site ot La Grange, which he occupied during the summer and fall months, while he trafficked with the Indians ; but the first permanent settlement was made by John Bzgarth, who came from Ken- tucky in the spring of 1 819, and planted 20 acres of corn. In November of the same year, he brought his family of 18 persons, including his slaves. Mr. R. Bozarth, (a son of John Bozarth,) now living in the county, gives the subjoined description : *' We came to this county— then a part of Marion — in the fall of 18 19, and put up a log cabin, which having no chimney, only a hearth in the middle of the room, required an open roof for the egress on the smoke. When the day's work was over, we laid down to sleep around the family hearth-stone— the entire family of 18 occupying the only room. Our food was boiled corn and honey, the latter procured from ' bee trees,' which we made a business of hunting, and when found we carried off the spoils in a sassafras log, which we had dug out like a canoe ; hitching our horse to this awkward contrivance, we drew our honey home. Our bread was made from meal obtained by pounding corn in a mortar, and our clothes were of buckskin which we tanned our- selves. On Sunday we donned our best suits and went to call on our nearest neighbors, who lived 20 miles away, a comfortable distance for visiting in those days. I remember that we all had chills, but nobody died, until a doctor came to the country." The early settlers of this county, as well as those adjacent, took an active part in the Black Hawk War, and there are several persons still living who can give many interesting incidents of those trying times. R. Bozarth, Jeremiah Taylor, G. Blackwell and the Durkee family yet living in this county, remember when the red men made annual visits to the Wyaconda Bottoms, where they encamped in t-h-e "sugar season," utilizing the sap of the maple trees, even now so plentiful there. The county was 3o8 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. organized in 1832, and was named for Meriwether Lewis, of the famou?. Clarke and Lewis expedition, these two adventurous explorers being the first white men to cross the western part of the continent. The first sheriff appointed was C. B. Tate; he was not of the required age, but as no one ** told on him," he kept the office. Gov. Dunklin was a Democrat and Mr. Tate, a Whig ; such things occasionally happen among politicians. During the Civil War, although no battle was fought in Lewis County, several atrocious deeds were committed by marauding parties, which, thrilled the community with horror, and left lasting sorrow in many homes. The murder of Mallory and Flannigan by the militia of this county, was deplored and denounced by the reasonable and good men of both parties. Physical Features. — This county has a river front of 25 miles, along which is a rich alluvial bottom, varying in width from a few feet to- several miles. Nearly all the river bluffs, composed of disintegrated limestone, and facing east and south, are peculiarly adapted to the culture of the grape, and many fine and profitable vineyards are now to be seen upon them. The surface is undulating and diversified, about half of the county being well timbered with forests or groves, distributed along the water courses and separated by beautiful upland prairies. The principal streams are the Wyaconda and its largest branch, Sugar Creek, which, with their tributaries, drain the north-eastern part, while North Fabius- and Middle Fabius traverse the center of the county ; Grassy, Trouble- some and South Fabius Creeks in the south-west, and Durgen's Creek in the south-east, all flow from the north-west toward the south-east, debouching into the Mississippi River. The bottom lands along these streams are very rich, and yield immense returns to the husbandman. After leaving the immediate vicinity of the streams, the country breaks into a beautiful rolling prairie, excellent for pasturage. The timber of the bottom lands is chiefly maple, ash, hickory, elm and sassafras, while on the uplands grow oak, hickory, ash, walnut and cherry. Fruits adapted to the climate grow well, both on the uplands and the river bluffs. Nearly all the timber land produces fine tobacco. The bottoms and prairies are well adapted to all the vegetables and cereals common to this climate. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats, buckwheat^ rye, hemp and the grasses. Apples, peaches, grapes, apricots, plums, cher- ries, and the smaller fruits, bear abundantly, especially the three first mentioned. Much attention is given to the culture of the vine, and in 1873 loOjOoo pounds of grapes were raised in Union Township, most of which were shipped. About 10,000 gallons of wine were manufactured in the county the same year. Mineral Resources. — There are In ications of coal in the central part of the county, and the coal measures probably underlie the latest lime- stone formations. An abundance of limestone, of excellent quality, exists. LEVI/ IS COUNTY. 309 which is largely used in building, and stands well the frosts of winter. Much of the stone used in the piers of the Quincy bridge was taken from the quarries of La Grange. The Manufacturing Interests are principally centered at La Grange and Canton, under which heads they are noticed. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $13,206,000.* Railroads. — The Mississippi Valley & Western R. R. has 23 miles, and the Quincy, Missouri & Pacific R. R., 27 miles of track in the county. The Exports are corn, wheat, hay, fruits, wine and live stock. The Educational Interests are as thriving as are those of any county of the same population in the State. In addition to a thorough public school system, with ample school-houses and efficient teachers, there are 3 colleges in the county : the Christian University, at Canton ; La Grange College, at the city of that name, and Monticello Seminary, at the county seat. All of these institutions have a full corps of profes- sors, and annually graduate large classes of well-trained scholars. Benjamin, a post-office 7 miles n. e. of Monticello. Bunker Hill, a post-office 8 miles n. n. w. of Monticello. Canton, 13 miles e. of Monticello, on the west bank of the Missis- sippi River, 175 miles above St. Louis, and on the M. V. & W. R. R, 18 miles north of Quincy, was settled in 1827 by Messrs. Sinclair, Hawkins, Pritchard, Bozarth and Myers. It contains i newspaper — the Canton Press, J. W. Barrett & Son, editors ; 7 mills — 2 of these being planing-mills and i a merchant flouring-mill ; 4 lumber yards, i pork- packing house, 2 cigar and tobacco factories, i tobacco warehouse, 3 wagon makers, i cabinet maker, 2 furniture and 2 saddle and harness shops, I carriage manufactory, 2 banks, 15 stores, i commission house, 2 hotels, and other establishments usual to towns of its size. Besides the public schools, the Christian church has a college at Canton, the building valued at $50,000. There are 7 churches — i Baptist, i Chris- tian, 2 Methodist, i Catholic, i Lutheran, i Congregational. Popu- lation, about 2,400. Deer Ridge, a post-office 13 miles n. w. of Monticello. Durgen's Creek, on M. V. & W. R. R., 3 miles n. of La Grange. Durham, on the Q. M. & P. R. R., 15 miles from Quincy, and 13 miles s. s. e. of Monticello, has i general store. Gilead, situated on the west bank of North Fabius, 12 miles w. s. w. of La Grange, has i general store. Hardin, on M. V. & W. R. R., 5 miles n. of Canton. La Belle, 14 miles w. of Monticello, and 32 miles from Quincy, on the Q. M. & P. R. R., is a thriving little town, containing 5 stores. * Assessed valuation in 1873, $4,225,879. Taxation, $i.oo per $ioo. Bonded debt, $60,000. 3IO CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL La Grange, lo miles from Quincy, on the M. V. & W. R. R., and r4 miles s. e. of the county seat, is located on the west bank of the Mississippi River, about 6 miles from the southern boundary line of the county. The town is both beautifully and healthfully located on the bluffs, which rise at this point from 60 to 80 feet above the river. The first settlement in the county was made here. The Lewis Co. Agricultural Society own 30 acres of handsomely improved ground near La Grange. The Association offers liberal premiums, and the fairs are largely attended from adjoining counties. This town has many natural advantages as a manufacturing place, its means of transportation by river and railroad opening a market for all its productions. A rolling-mill, for the man- ufacture of railroad iron, is in course of construction, which, when com- pleted, will have a capacity of 25,000 tons per annum, and will give employment to between 400 and 500 hands. The buildings are brick covered with slate, and with machinery, will cost over $300,000. There are 2 tobacco factories, which employ 550 hands; 5 cooper and 2 plow and wagon shops, 2 pork-packing houses, i planing-mill, i merchant flouring-mill, 2 banks, 2 hotels, 16 stores, 12 churches — i Baptist, 2 Methodist, 2 Presbyterian, Lutheran, Christian, German Methodist, Con- gregational, Catholic, colored Baptist and Methodist, aggregate value, $30,000. The Baptists have a college at this place, which, with the public schools, affords good educational facilities. Population, about 2,000. Lewiston, on the Q. M. & P. R. R., 26 miles from Quincy and 6 miles s. w. of Monticello, is a growing place. Population, about 100. Maywood, on the Q. M. & P. R. R., 11 miles w. of Quincy, contains i store. MONTICELLO, the county seat, located on the north bank of North Fabius River, 13 miles w. of Canton and 6 miles n. e. of Lewiston, its nearest railroad station, has i bank, 4 churches — Episcopal, Baptist, Methodist and Christian; 8 stores, i saddle and i harness shop, and 3 hotels. Steffersville, a post-office 18 miles s. w. of Monticello. Tolona, a station on the Q. M. & P. R. R., 22 miles n. w. of Quincy. Williamsto^vn, 12 mile n. n. w. of Monticello, has i hotel, 5 stores, and I wagon shop. LINCOLN COUNTY, In the eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Pike County, east by the Mississippi River, which separates it from Illinois, south by St. Charles and Warren, and west by Warren, Montgomery and Pike Counties, and contains 396,148 acres. Population in 1820, 1,662; in 1830, 4,059; in 1840, 7,449; in 1850, 9,421; in 1860,14,210; in 1870, 15,960, of whom 13,973 were white, and 1,987 colored; 8,281 male, and 7,679 female; 15,002 native, (11,290 born in Missouri) and 958 foreign. History. — Major Christopher Clark was, probably, the first white man to settle permanently in what is now Lincoln County. Long before that time the French and Spanish Governments had made grants of land in this county, as the records of the circuit court show that in 1797, Louis Brazeau executed in St. Louis a deed of trust to Antoine Soulard, on a part of his grant, in the vicinity of Cap au Oris. No actual settle- ments, however, were made upon these grants at so early a date. Major Clark visited the spot upon which Troy now stands, in the summer of 1799, and returned the following year to build a cabin and subsequently a stockade fort near the present residence of Frederick Wing, Esq., three miles south-east of Troy on the St. Charles road. Major Clark's first neighbors were the families of Joseph Cottle and Zadock Woods from Vermont, who settled the town of Troy in 1802. Here, also, a log fort was erected, and for many years these two forts (Clark's and Wood's) were the centers of white settlements, and places of note. In 1800, Jeremiah Groshong settled 6 miles east of Clark's Fort, and the same year his son Jacob was born. He was the first white person born in Lincoln County and resides still at the same place. During the war of 181 2, the Indians were active in hostilities. Every settlement had its stockade fort for the protection of the families of the settlers, while the men were organized and armed for the common defense. Many skirmishes took place, the most notable one near Cap au Gris in 1814, when parts of two companies of regulars were surrounded and massacred. In 181 7, George W. Jameson and Edward Cottle left Clark's Fort, crossed West Cuivre and settled upon land now owned by Thomas Dwyer, Esq., zyi miles east of Millwood. They were the first settlers in that section, and there Jameson lived until his death, 43 years later. Lincoln County was organized from a part of St. Charles, December 14th, 1818. Major Clark, a member of the Legislature in 1818, was a 312 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL genuine frontiersman, noted rather for strong common sense and energy than for education and polished manners. He was an earnest advocate of the bill to establish Lincoln County, and his speech in its favor, con- sidered a "clincher," is handed down entire: "Mr. Speaker, I'm in favor of the new county. I was born in Lincoln County, North Carofina; I lived, a year or so, in Lincoln County, Kentucky, and I want to live and die in Lincoln County, Missouri." January ist, 1819, David Todd was appointed judge of the north-western circuit, comprising the counties of Howard, Cooper, Montgomery, Pike, and Lincoln. The first term of this court for Lincoln was held April 5th, 1819, at the house of Zadock Woods, Wood's Fort, or Troy, as it was afterward called. There were present Judge Todd, John Ruland, clerk, and David Bailey, sheriff. Ira Cottle and James White were approved as securities for the latter. Joseph Cottle, John Null, Prospect K. Robbins, Sam. H. Lewis, Thackers Vivions, Job Williams, Alembe Williams, Jr., Jeremiah Groshong, John Bell, Jacob Null, Sr., John Hunter, Elijah Collard, Wm. Farrell, Jacob Null, Jr., Isaac Cameron, Hiram Millsapps, Alembe Williams, Sr., and Zachariah Callaway were appointed a grand jury. At the third term of the court held December 6th, 1819, David Draper, Hugh Cummins, Jas. White, Abraham Kennedy and David Bailey were appointed commissioners to select a county seat, and chose Monroe. The county revenue for 18 19 was ^175.66. The first county court met Jan- uary 182 1, and consisted of Ira Cottle and Jonathan Riggs, and after- ward John Geiger. In 1823 the county seat was moved to Alexandria, and in February, 1829, to Troy. Eleazar Block, a native of Bohemia, was the first foreigner naturalized, February 6th, 1827. Immigration was gradual until 1838, in which, and the following year, it was very largely increased, principally from Virginia, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Maryland, Indiana, Ohio and Vermont. Quite a number of Germans and a few Irish have also settled here. In 1843-4 the county was much disturbed by the "Slicker War." (For origin and particulars of which see Benton County, p. 59.) Cuivre River, forming part of the boundary line between St. Charles and Lincoln Counties, was first navigated by steamboats in the early summer of 1844, when the Bee, a small stern-wheel boat of 75 tons bur- then, went up as far as the mouth of Big Creek. Soon after, during the high water in June, the Pearl, of 125 tons, passed over the dam half a mile beyond Moscow Mills, and returned. During that summer the back water from the Mississippi extended over the mill-dam at Moscow. Since that time small steamboats have, for several months nearly every summer, plied up the Cuivre to Lynchburgh, at the mouth of Big Creek. During the late Civil War Lincoln furnished many men to both armies. LINCOLN COUNTY. 313 and, in common with other counties, experienced a check to its prosper- ity and a marked decrease in its population ; but since peace was declared its growth has been quite rapid. Physical Features. — The face of the country is gently rolling, about one-quarter prairie and three-quarters timber. The soil is of great depth, and wonderfully fertile, especially in the bottoms. The Mississippi River forms the eastern boundary of the county. The North Cuivre enters at the north-west corner, and the West Cuivre below the center of the west line, and, uniting near the center of the county, flow south-east into the Mississippi. Bob's Bryant, Hurricane, Sugar, Sulphur, Lead, Turkey and Big Creeks, besides numerous smaller tributaries, afford abundant water for all purposes. The county is well timbered, principally by the different varieties of oak, black and white walnut, red and white elm, hickory, ash, maple, sycamore, pecan, mulberry and locust. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats, rye, barley, tobacco, clover, timothy, potatoes, apples, peaches, grapes, etc. A fine quality of tobacco is raised, and the bluffs of the Mississippi yield unfail- ing crops of apples and grapes. Lincoln is essentially an agricultural county. Mineral Resources. — There are large deposits of a good quality of coal, the beds being sometimes 20 feet thick. Iron has been found, but not developed. Pure white sandstone is abundant in the northern, and superior glass-sand is found in the central part of the county; blue and white limestone exist in large quantities. The Manufacturing Interests are mentioned under the heads of the several towns where located. W^ealth. — ^Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $10,000,000.* Railroads. — The St. Louis, Hannibal & Keokuk R. R. will pass through the county from north to south, having 30 miles of track already graded. When completed, the company will build a branch 7 miles long to the coal mines, and another 3 miles to the deposits of glass-sand on Mill Creek. The Mississippi Valley & Western R. R. has 25 miles of track graded in the eastern part of the county. Another railroad is pro- jected from Cap au Gris to the western limits, to connect with the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W. The Exports are hogs, cattle, mules, wheat, tobacco, hay, wool, hides, leather and wooden boxes. The Educational Interests. — Public schools are established in 82 sub-districts, and many neat and commodious school-houses have been built since 1867. The township school fund is about ;?27,55o. Troy has 2 brick academy buildings. * Assessed valuation in 1S73, $4,119,660. Taxation, $2.05 per $100. Bonded debt $370,000. 314 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. Auburn, ii miles n. of Troy, has 2 stores, 2 churches — Presbyterian and colored Methodist, and an academy. Population about 100. Burr Oak Valley, (Robinson's Mill,) 18 miles e. n. e. of Troy, has 2 stores, I grist and saw-mill, and i church — Christian. Pop. about 50. Cap au Gris, on the Mississippi, 18 miles east of Troy, has 2 stores and I school. Population, about 60. Chain of Rocks, on Cuivre River, 12 miles s. e. of Troy, has 4 stores, I planing-mill, i steam saw and grist-mill, i lumber yard, i tobacco box factory, and i wagon shop. Population, about 50. There is a ferry across the river at this point. Chantilly, a post-office 9 miles e. of Troy, has i store. Corso, a post-office 4 miles w. of Millwood. Cuivre, a post-office 12 miles n. w. of Troy, has i store. Dryden, 8 miles n. e. of Troy, has i store and i church — Baptist. Population, about 50. Falmouth, on the Mississippi River, 22 miles n. e. of Troy, has * stores. Population, about 40. Hawk Point, a post-office 8 miles w. of Troy, has i store. Linn's Mills, 6 miles s. w. of Troy, has i store, and a grist and saw- mill. Population, about 20. Lost Branch, (Nineveh,) 18 miles w. n. w. of Troy, has 2 stores and I grist and saw-mill. Population, about 50. Louisville, 21 miles n, w. of Troy, has 3 stores, i church — Christian, cost, $4,000, and i school. Population, about 100. Millwood, 12 miles n. w. of Troy, has 4 stores, i church — Catholic, cost, $6,000; I school, and a carding machine. Population, about 90. Monroe. — See Old Monroe. New Hope, 14 miles n. e. of Troy, has 5 stores, i saw and grist- mill, I school and 3 churches — Baptist, Christian and Methodist. Pop- ulation about 200. New Salem, 6 miles n. w. of Cap au Gris, has i store and i church. Population about 25. Nineveh. — See Lost Branch. Old Alexandria, a post-office 5 miles n. of Troy. Old Monroe, (Monroe,) on Cuivre River, 12 miles e. s. e. of Troy, was laid out May 19th, 1819, on lands of Ira and Joseph Cottle and Nathanael Symonds. From 1819 to i823it was the county seat. It has 2 churches — Catholic and Lutheran, i store, i hotel, i warehouse and a ferry. Population about 40. Robinson's Mill. — See Burr Oak Valley. TROY, the county seat, 4 miles s. of thecenter of the county, 14 miles n. w. of Wentzville, St. Charles County, (which is on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W.,) and i^ miles w. of Cuivre River, was settled in 1802, sur- veyed September i6th, 1819, on the lands of Joseph Cottle, Zadock LINCOLN COUNTY. 315 Woods, Lee F. T. Cottle and I. N. Robbins (previous to which it was known as Wood's Fort), incorporated November 7th, 1826, and made the county seat in 1829. The business portion and many dwellings are located in a pleasant valley, while most of the latter occupy the adjacent sunny slopes. The main street is handsomely built up with substantial brick business houses, and the town presents an attractive appearance. Troy possesses many advantages as a business center, being surrounded by a fine agricultural country ; convenient to coal and iron ; having at its limits an abundant supply of timber, and large quarries of limestone capable of a fine finish, besides having water power sufficient for manu- facturing purposes. The machine shops of the St. L., H. & K. R. R. are to be located here. The court-house is a fine new building in mod- ern style, and is provided with fire-proof vaults. The town has 5 churches — Presbyterian, Christian, Baptist, M. E. Ch. and colored M. E. Ch. — aggregate value $30,000, 2 public schools, i seminary, i steam saw and grist-mill, i tannery, i wool-carding machine, i wagon factory, 2 hotels, 3 saddle and harness shops, 15 stores, i lumber yard, i Masonic and I Odd Fellows hall, and i newspaper — The Herald, published weekly, by Fisher & Mudd. Population about 1,200. Truxton, 16 miles w. of Troy, and 8 miles from Jonesburg, was laid . out July 29th, 1852. It has 2 churches — M. E. Ch. and Lutheran, i seminary, i steam saw and grist-mill, i wool-carding machine, 3 stores and I wagon shop. Population about 150. LINN COUNTY, In the northern part of the State, is bounded north by Sullivan, east by Macon, south by Chariton and west by Livingston and Grundy Counties, and contains 388,993 acres. Population in 1840, 2,245; ^^ 1850, 4^058 ; in i860, 9,112; in 1870, 15,900, of whom 15,158 were white and 742 colored; 8,219 male, and 7,681 female; 14,499 native (6,831 born in Missouri) and 1,401 foreign. History. — The present county of Linn was known as the Paradise of Hunters, and the Sioux Indians, from Iowa, attracted by the abun- 339-34 were appropriated to educate 6,476 children. Asper, a post-office 13 miles s. s. e. of Chillicothe. Avalon, 10 miles s. s. e. of Chillicothe, and 6 miles s. w. of Bedford, was laid out in 1870, and has a population of about 100. It is situated on the high prairie near Mound Creek, surrounded by fine farming lands. The academy here, controlled by the United Brethren, cost about $10,000. Avalon has i wagon and i harness shop, 3 stores and 2 hotels. Bedford, 10 miles s. e. of Chillicothe, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., situated on the south bank of Grand River, was laid out in 1843, and is in the center of a fine tobacco-growing region, has an abundance of timber and coal in its vicinity, and is well supplied with water power. It contains i steam flouring-mill, 2 steam saw-mills, i wagon shop, i agricul- tural and 2 tobacco warehouses, 6 stores, 2 churches — Baptist and Meth- odist, and 2 school -houses, one of which is for colored children. Popu- lation about 300. Blue Mound, (Mound Creek,) a post-office 10 miles s.s. e. of Utica, CHILLICOTHE, the county seat, has a beautiful and healthy loca- tion near the center of the county, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 130 miles from Quincy, 95 miles from Kansas City, and 76 miles from St. Joseph, and is on the St. L., K. C. & N R. W., 215 miles from St. Louis. It was located as the county seat in 1837, on land owned by Jno. Graves and incorporated in 1855. Population in i860, 994? in 1870, 3,979; present estimate, 4,000. The superior railroad facilities make it an important shipping point for stock, grain and produce. Convenient to this place may be found coal, sand and limestone, also timber of a superior quality, and water power in abundance. It has i foundry, i woolen, i planing and 2 steam flouring-mills, i cooper, 7 wagon and 3 carriage shops, i brewery, i wine, i vinegar, i mineral water, i candy, i patent medicine, 3 cigar, 3 furniture and 2 washing machine manufactories (the patents for the latter procured by resident citizens), i broom and 1 tobacco factory, i book bindery, 2 gunsmiths, 2 marble and 3 lumber yards, about 60 stores, 6 hotels and 5 agricultural and 3 tobacco warehouses. The city has fine public buildings, the city hall and market-house costing $31,000. It contains 10 churches — M. E. Ch., M. E Ch. South, Baptist, Presbyterian, Congregational, Catholic, Episcopal, Christian, colored Baptist and colored Methodist — aggregate value of buildings, $45,000. There are 5 public school buildings, cost- ing $10,000; 2 select school buildings, worth $16,000; 1,300 children LIVINGSTON COUNTY. ^2'j of school age ; average attendance in public schools, 700. It has 2 newspapers — The Constitution, published by T. B. Reynolds & Co., and The Tribune, by E. J. Marsh & Co. Assessed valuation of real and personal property, ^1,572,875.50; bonded indebtedness of the city, ^53,000 — subscription to C. & B. R. R. ; rate of city tax for all pur- poses, 1 1 mills on the dollar. Cream Ridge, a post-office 9 miles n. n. e. of Chillicothe. Dawn, 6 miles s. of Utica, was laid out in 1853, is surrounded by a fine farming region, known as the •' Blue Mound Country," which is being rapidly developed by an industrious Welsh colony, and has i flouring-mill, i woolen factory, 2 wagon shops, 6 stores, i hotel, i public school building, costing $1,400; i Presbyterian church, worth ;g4,ooo. Population about 160. Farmersville, 14 miles n. of Chillicothe, laid out in 1870, has a high and healthy location on the prairie, and is surrounded by excellent farm- ing lands. It contains i public school, i hotel, i wagon shop and 3 stores. Population, about 125. Gordonville, a post-office 13 miles n. e. of Chillicothe. Mooresville, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 10 miles w. s. w. of Chilli- cothe, is situated on a high and rolling prairie, well supplied with good springs of water. It was laid out in 1 860, and has i hotel, i church — Christian, i steam flouring-mill, i steam saw-mill, i wagon shop, i tobacco warehouse and 5 stores. Population about 200. Mound Creek. — See Blue Mound. Muddy Lane, a post-office 16 miles n. w. of Chillicothe. Sampsell, in Grand River Bottom, w. of Indian Creek, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 9 miles w. of Chillicothe, contains i store. Shoal Creek, a post-office 9 miles s, of Chillicothe. Spring Hill, 8 miles n. w. of Chillicothe, and 5 miles s. e. of Samp- sell, was laid out in 1848, is surrounded by heavy timber, and, as its name suggests, is well supplied with springs. At one lime this was one of the principal business places in the county, but the building of railroads has drawn much of the trade to other points. The only tannery in the county is located here. It has i public school, i Methodist church and parsonage, i hotel and i store. Population, about 130. Utica has a fine location on Grand River, and on the H. & St. J. R. R., 5 miles s. w. of Chillicothe. It was laid out in 1839, and contains I public school (cost of building $5,000), 2 churches — Baptist and Epis- copal, I saddle and harness shop and 4 stores. Population, about 1,000. Wheeling, e. of Medicine Creek, on the H. & St: J. R. R., 10 miles e. of Chillicothe, laid out in 1866, contains i public school, 2 hotels, I plow and i wagon shop and 5 stores. Population, about 150. MCDONALD COUNTY, In the south-western corner of the State, is bounded north by Newton County, east by Barry, south by the State of Arkansas, and west by Indian Territory, and contains 352,978 acres. We may mention here the fact that the southern boundary line of McDonald County is the famous Mason & Dixon's line of 36° 30', the " Missouri Compromise " line of 1820. Population in 1850, 2,236; in i860, 4,03^', in 1870, 5,526, of whom 5,189 were white and 37 colored ; 2,667 rnale, and 2,559 female; 5,181 native (2,418 born in Missouri) and 45 foreign History. — The first settlements were made in 1830, by Augustus F. Friend, P. Williams, R. Lauderdale, Tiner, Mathews, Elevens and Hol- comb, whose families at that time numbered about 40. The county was organized March 3d, 1849, and the county seat was located at Rutledge, but it was removed to Pineville, which was once called Marysville, under which name it was first settled and located by J, K. Mosier. Physical Features. — The surface of the county is mountainous, in- terspersed with rich valleys and prairies, and the soil of the uplands, although unproductive for some crops, is finely adapted to the culture of the grape and other fruits. The ridges are well timbered with oak, wal- nut, pine, cedar, ash, cherry, etc. Wild grasses grow luxuriantly in the forests, and blue grass does extremely well when cultivated. The whole county is well watered by numerous springs which issue from almost every hillside. Near each corner of the county there is a prairie, each comprising about two-thirds of a township in extent. The best farm- ing lands are along the creeks or in the valleys. There is, however, a variety of land called " flat woods," sufficiently described by this title, which is very fertile, and is especially valuable in the production of tobacco and small grain. The county is drained by Elk River and its tributaries, Buffalo, Patter- son, Indian, Sugar, Big Sugar, Little Sugar, Mill, Butler, Panther and Honey Creeks. Most of these streams are very clear and rapid, and afford excellent water power. They are the chief attractions of this beau- tiful country. Big Sugar Creek, which has its source in Barry County, and Little Sugar Creek, in Benton County, Arkansas, unite half a mile above Pineville to form Elk River, which is a stream of considerable size, having at 'one time been declared by law "navigable for flat-boats." It continues its course south-west from Pineville, across the county, thence through the Cherokee Nation, and empties into Grand River. In the 330 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL early settlement of the country large quantities ot lumber, corn and fiour were transported on flat-boats down Elk River to Fort Gibson, Fort Smith, Van Buren and other points on the Grand and Arkansas Rivers, where ready markets were at all times found. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, the grasses, potatoes and sweet potatoes. Cotton and tobacco are grown in small quantities, and yield remarkably well. Grapes and apples yield abund- antly, the culture of the former engaging much of the attention of the fruit-growers, as the climate is peculiarly favorable both to their abundant yield and fine flavor. The new seedling "Neosho," propagated by Mr. Jaeger, of Newton County, is a native of this section. The Atlantic & Pacific R. R. owns about 100,000 acres of land in this county, which is offered for sale on liberal terms at from %\ to ^5 per acre.* Mineral Resources. — Lead is found in almost all parts of the county, and there are several mines in operation. Tripoli exists in large quantities, and there are also strong indications of iron. The Manufacturing Interests are confined to a few grist and saw-mills. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $i,5oo,ooo.f The Exports are corn, wheat, fruit and lumber. Educational Interests. — About $3,000 per year are raised by tax- ation for school purposes. An increased zeal and interest in educational matters have been developed, but although the sub-districts are now pro- vided with neat, substantial and comfortable school-houses, very much yet remains to be done. Baladan, (Blankenship's Mills,) on Indian Creek, 11 miles n. n. e. of Pineville, contains i store and a saw and grist-mill. Bannock. — See Enterprise. Bethpage, 11 miles n. e. of Pineville, has i store. Blankenship's Mills. — See Baladan. Elk Mills, (Elk City,) about 15 miles w. of Pineville, on the south bank of Elk River, and one of the oldest places in the county, is a trading post for the adjacent part of Indian Territory, and contains 2 stores. Enterprise, (Bannock,) about 17 miles w. n. w. of Pineville, laid out in 1835, contains i store, and a grist and saw-mill. Erie, on Indian Creek, is 11 miles n. of Pineville, and 11 miles s. of Neosho Station, on the Atlantic & Pacific R. R., its nearest shipping point. It is a lively little town, was laid out in 1870, and has a popu- *The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be paid, with interest on deferred payments, in seven years; and offers free transportation from St, Louis to the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix — page t Assessed valuation in 1873,1761,947. Taxation, J0.45 per Jioo. Bonded debt, $7,000. Floating debt, $6,000. McDonald county. 331 lation of about loo. It contains i store, i wagon shop, a good school, and M. E. Ch. edifice, costing about $2,000. Erie is surrounded by a fine country, and offers good inducements to manufacturers, stock-growers and horticulturalists. Gates, a post-office 13 miles n. w. of Pineville. Givensville, a post-office 11 miles s. w. of Pineville. Honey Creek. — See South West City. Looniesville. — See Tribulation. PINEVILLE, the county seat, is situated a few miles s. w. of the center of the county, and about 22 miles s. of Neosho, Newton County, its nearest railroad station. It was settled in 1856, and laid out in i860, by Hon. John GuUett. It contains an excellent 2-story brick court-house, has 5 stores, i hotel, i livery stable, i wagon shop, a fine grist and saw- mill, a weekly newspaper — the McDonald County Advocate, published by E. J. Ellis; a school-house, and i M. E. Ch. South, valued at ;g2,ooo. The Baptist and Cumberland Presbyterian churches have as yet no sep- arate houses of worship. Population, about 350. Poplar Hill, a post-office about 8 miles e. n. e. of Pineville, is situ- ated on Big Sugar Creek. Powell, a post-office 14 miles e. n. e. of Pineville. Rocky Comfort, 17 miles n. e of Pineville, and 15 miles from Peirce City, its shipping point on the A. & P. R. R., has 2 stores. Popu- lation, about 75. South West City, (Honey Creek,) 15 miles s. w. of Pineville, is in the extreme s. w. corner of the State, as well as of the county. It is situated on the north bank of Honey Creek, near the southern border of Cow Skin Prairie, was laid out in 1870, has 4 stores, a hotel, a livery stable, a good flouring-mill, and a good school in successful operation. This place has a large Indian as well as local trade, and is one of the most flourishing places in the county. Population, about 200. Tribulation, (Looniesville,) a post-office 16 miles e. of Pineville, on Big Sugar Creek. W^hite Rock Prairie, 10 miles s. e. of Pineville, in the center of a fertile region, contains i store, and i grist and saw-mill, which has recently been purchased by some wealthy Quakers, and large numbers of these people are now settling in this portion of the county. MACON COUNTY, In the northern part of the State, is bounded north by Adair and Knox, ■east by Knox and Shelby, south by Randolph and Chariton, and west by Chariton and Linn Counties, and contains 529,920 acres. Population in 1840, 6,034; in 1850, 6,565 : in i860, 14,346 ; in 1870,23,230: of whom 21,734 were white, and 1,496 colored ; 11,934 male, and 11,296 female ; 21,198 native (11,832 born in Missouri,) and 2,032 foreign. History. — The territory which forms the county was settled as early as 1 83 1, though not organized until 1838, up to which time it formed a part of Randolph County The first election was held in 1838 or 1839, at Box Ancle (afterward Bloomington) of which Wm. Blackwell was one of the judges. The first circuit judge was David Todd. The first physicians were Abraham Still, John Wilkin, Arthur Barron and Wm. Proctor. The first school teacher in the upper part of the county was Oliver P. Davis. Among the first settlers were Jacob Loe, the Wrights, Nathan Richardson, Erben East, James Cowhan, Wm. Sears, the Winns, Holmans, Shackel- fords, McCalls, Wm. Blackwell, Thos. Williams, Morrows, Rowlands and E. Penton. There were but few Indians in the county, and they were friendly; these, however, soon joined their tribes further west, and left the territory entirely to the settlers. The first settlement was located about four miles north of Macon City, and was called Moccasinville. The county was settled slowly until 1858, when the construction of the Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. gave it a new impetus, and from that time until the -commencement of the late war, the population increased rapidly by immi- gration, and although the growth was arrested during the war, since its close, the increase both in population and wealth have been very rapid. Physical Features. — The grand divide which separates the affluents of the Mississippi from those of the Missouri River, crosses the entire county from north to south. West of this are the Chariton and East and Middle Forks of Chariton River with their tributaries. Walnut, Turkey, Brush, Puzzle and Paint Creeks, and on the east of the divide is the Middle Fork of Salt River and its branches. Narrows, Winn and Hooker Creeks. Muscle Fork with its numerous small branches, lies in the ex- treme western part of the county, and in the east are Bear and Ten Mile Creeks. Along these streams and on the adjacent hills is an abundance -of timber consisting of the various kinds of oak, also cottonwood, hickory, maple and black walnut. The forests skirt the prairies and the farms .usually embrace a porti'on of each. The soil, of which there is a great 334 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS OUR L variety, is chiefly a fertile, black loam, underlaid with clay in which marB abounds. West of the Chariton River and north of the H. & St. J. R. R., is the region known as The Barrens. These consist of high rounded hills, covered with a tall, reddish grass and occasional clumps of post oak and black jack, while the valleys or drains between are destitute of trees, though covered with prairie grass. East of the Chariton, The Barrens are- confined to a few miles in the northern part of the county. In the vicin- ity of Muscle Fork, and between that stream and Brush Creek, also on the East Fork of the Chariton, south of the center of the county, and in the- eastern part, north of the Middle Fork of Salt River, the country is quite; hilly. On the Chariton and on Muscle Fork these hills are sometimes^ ICO feet high, elsewhere they never exceed 75 feet, and are often less. Im the remainder of the county, the slopes are gentle and the surface is. mostly prairie. The Agricultural Productions are principally wheat, corn, hayr and tobacco, although Macon excels as a grazing and dairy county. The: soil is well adapted to stock-raising and fruit-culture, and the farmers are- giving increased attention to these pursuits. Apples, peaches, pears and', grapes grow finely, and yield abundantly. Over 150 varieties of apples; are raised which are largely shipped to western cities. About 40 varieties. of grapes are raised successfully, the principal varieties being the Concord, Delaware and Hartford. The H. & St. Jo. R. R. has 10,000 acres of.' good land in the county which can be purchased on most reasonable terms. There are also about 1,200 acres of Government Land, and about 45,000 acres of swamp land, which are partly overflowed in the spring, yet; a great portion of them are desirable and very fertile, and can be pur- chased at low figures on long time. The climate is very healthful and invigorating. The winters are short and the weather generally clear and cool. The Mineral Resources consist chiefly of coal and stone. The whole county is underlaid with rich veins of the former which are worked! principally at Bevier, Summit, ExcellO, New Cambria, Lingo and Carbon, and are rapidly becoming a source of immense revenue to the county. Large quantities are furnished to the railroads, and from the three places first named, about 50 car loads, daily, are shipped to St. Jo^^eph, Kansas City and the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers, Coal is mined at a depth of 70 feet, and also crops out at the streams. As usual, accompanying- the coal formation, are found gypsum and fire-clay. Limestone and sand- stone exist in great quantities, especially in the southern part of the county, and are chiefly used for building purposes. The Manufacturing Interests are as yet somewhat limited. There are several saw and grist-mills, and large amounts of walnut lumber are shipped from the county. MACON COUNTY. 335 The "Enterprise Mills," at Macon City, ship large quantities of flour to Boston and New York, besides supplying the demand from surrounding towns. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $10,000,000.* Railoads. — The Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. traverses Macon from east to west, and the St. Louis, Kansas City and Northern R. W. from north to south, each having about 31 miles of track in the county. Be- sides these, the Keokuk & Kansas City R. R. will have 36 miles (which will when completed) pass diagonally through the county from the north- east to the south-west. The Exports are principally cattle, horses, mules, hogs, tobacco, corn, hay, apples, potatoes and grapes, also coal and timber in large quantities. The Educational Interests of Macon are as well advanced as those of any other western county. There is a permanent fund of |i 100,000 constantly being increased by sales of school lands, the interest of which, in addition to the taxes levied for school purposes, is applied to the support of the sub-district schools. All the townships are divided into sub-districts, in each of which are comfortable school buildings. There are 2 colleges and i seminary in the county. Johnson College, in Macon City, is a fine institution with an able faculty, and capacity for 300 students. McGee College, at College Mound, 12 miles south-west of Macon, under the control of the Cumberland Presbyterians, has an efficient corps of teachers and about 250 pupils. It is a very popular and well patronized institution, of which the county is justly proud. Bloom- ington High School, at Bloomington, 7 miles north-west of Macon, is in a prosperous condition, and well patronized. The public schools of Macon City are in session about 9 months in the year, employing 15 teachers and a city superintendent. The schools are graded, and held in fine large brick buildings erected and furnished upon the most approved modern plans, at a cost of $25,000. There is also a commercial college at Macon, under the control ot experienced professors. Atlanta is a station on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 11 miles north of Macon. Large amounts of live stock are shipped at this point, and there are several manufactures, 4 stores, also i cabinet and 2 wagon shops, I lumber yard and i hotel. Population, about 200. Barry villa, a post-office 12 miles s. w. of Macon City. Beverly, (Round Grove,) a station on the H. & St. J. R. R., 7 miles e. of Macon City, is located in a rich prairie, which is being rapidly settled with thrifty farmers. Bevier, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 5 miles w. of Macon City, con- * Assessed valuation in 1873, ^5,909,200. Taxation, ^3.25 per ^100. Bonded debt, (railroad) ^300,000. Floating debt, $28,000. 336 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. tains about 900 people, who are mostly miners, and are an industrious, sober, intelligent class. There are 3 or 4 coal shafts in this vicinity, from which large amounts of coal are taken. The place contains 8 stores and a few other industries. Black well, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 8 miles n. of Macon. Bloomington, 6 miles n. w. of Macon City, the oldest town in the county, and until 1863 the county seat, was formerly called Box Ancle, and has the honor of issuing the first newspaper of the county — the Bloomingtofi Gazette, published by Jas. M. Love in 1850. Here also, in 1837, was established the first mill in the county, owned by Judge Cochran, Callao, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 9 miles w. of Macon City, in a good agricultural district, is a thriving town containing a woolen mill, a furnace, a lumber yard, several stores, a hotel and some other business houses. Population, about 250. Carbon, on the H. & St. J. R. R. 3 miles e. of Macon. College Mound, 12 miles s. w. of Macon City, contains McGee College (above noticed), 7 stores and a wagon shop. Economy, (Vienna,) a post-office 3 miles e. of Atlanta. Emerson. — See Excello. Excello, (Emerson,) on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 6 miles s. of Macon City. Kaseyville, a post-office 14 miles s. w. of Macon City, La Plata, on the St. L., K. C, & N. R. W., 20 miles n. of Macon City, is a busy town of about 700 inhabitants, and contains 14 stores, 2 hotels, and several other business houses. The broad fertile prairies stretch away from this town for many miles, presenting a fine view during the summer, when thousands of cattle may be seen leisurely feeding there. La Porte. — See Ten Mile. Love Lake City, on the St. L. , K. C. & N. R. W. ,14 miles n. of Macon, has several stores, and fine water power. MACON CITY, the county seat, at the junction of the H. & St. J. R. R. with the St. L., K. C. & N.R. W., 68 miles w. of Quincy, 136 miles e. of St. Joseph and 168 miles n. w. of St. Louis, was incorporated in 1856. In 1857, the town of Hudson was laid out, and in 1859, the two places were incorporated under the name of Macon City. It has an elevated and healthy location, and is handsomely laid out, the streets being at right angles, ornamented with shade trees, and, in the business part of town, macadamized. The citizens are enterprising and intelli- gent, and the merchants carry on an extensive trade with the country around, and with adjoining counties. The city contains 10 churches — M, E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South, Congregational, Presbyterian (O. S.), Cumberland Presbyterian, Episcopal, Lutheran, Baptist, Catholic, Chris- tian; 2 banks, with an average monthly deposit of $300,000; and 3 news- MACON COUNTY. 337 papers — the Republican, Jones, Brock & Wilson, publishers; the/ournaly published by J. M. London, and the Ti?nes, published by J. M. Love. Mercy ville, 20 miles n. n. w. of Macon City, contains several stores. Narrows Creek, a post-ofifice 4 miles s. e. of Macon City. Newburgh, a post-office 6 miles w. of La Plata. New Cambria, (Stockton,) on the H. & St. J. R. R., 16 miles w. of Macon City, is a growing town containing 15 stores, 3 mills, i lumber yard, 2 hotels, and a cheese factory. The town is pleasantly situated upon a high point of land. Round Grove. — See Beverly. Stockton. — See New Cambria. Sue City, 10 miles s. e. of La Plata, and 18 miles n. w. of Macon City, in a very fine agricultural region, contains several stores and churches. Summit is 4 miles w. of Macon City. There are 3 coal shafts at this place which are being constantly worked, also 2 stores. This bids fair to be a very thriving town on account of the coal interests developed here. Population, about 200, mostly miners. Ten Mile, (La Porte,) 9 miles n. e. of Macon City, contains 2 stores and I church. Tullvania, a post-office 25 miles n. w. of Macon City. Vienna. — See Economy. Woodville, one of the oldest places in the county, is 9 miles s. e. of Macon City, and contains 2 stores, 2 mills, a wagon shop and about 50 inhabitants. MADISON COUNTY, In the south-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by St. Francois County, east by Perry and Bollinger, south by Bollinger and Wayne, and west by Iron County, and contains 291,200 acres. Population in 1820, 2,047; in 1830, 2,371; in 1840, 3,395; 1850, 6,003; in i860, 5,664; in 1870, 5,849, of whom 5,688 were white, and 159 colored; 3,015 male, and 2,834 female; 5,471 native, (3,869 born in Missouri) and 378 foreign. History. — The first settlement made in what is now Madison County was at MineLaMotte, in 1722 or 1723. These mines, situated about 4 miles north of Fredericktown, were discovered ini7i9 or 1720 by a French- man, whose name they bear. They were worked as early as 1765, or 1770, "t)y the Indians and Spaniards; the country west of the Missis- sippi belonging at that time to the Spanish Government. Among the American State papers is recorded the claim of John Baptiste Francis Menard, and Emily Josefa Menard, of the Empire of France, to two leagues of land at Mine La Motte, on account of settlement and improvement. They presented a certified copy of a grant from Bois- Ijriant Desursins, dated June 14th, 1723. In consideration of the wealth of these mines, and to aid in their development and the colonization of the country, the Spanish Government, in the year 1800, granted 5,000 arpents of land to fifteen French families, " for settlement and cultiva- tion." This grant lay just north of Saline Creek, which enters the Little St. Francis River a mile below. About the same time a few families from Tennessee, North Carolina, Kentucky and Virginia, settled in the county, but the Osage and Kickapoo Indians were so numerous and troublesome, that these new-comers could not till the soil to any extent, and were obliged to live in close proximity, for mutual protection. Hence, about 1801 the village of St. Michael was built on the north bank of Saline Creek, opposite the spot where Fredericktown now stands. In 1822 it contained 50 dwellings and several stores, but from that time it went down, till scarce a vestige remained to show the location of this once important center; but in 1870, the place was laid off in lots, and sold per order of the circuit court. Since then a number of fine dwellings, a store and 2 planing mills have been erected, and it is now the connect- ing link between Collier & Villar's Addition (in which the depot of the St. L. & I. M. R. R. is situated) and Fredericktown. For several years previous to 181 7, an Indian family named Musco lived on the south bank of 'the creek where Fredericktown now stands. 340 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL As usual in a new country, the settlers spent much of their time in- hunting, trapping and fishing by day, and dancing and frolicking by night. ■ During the war of 1812, a company of volunteers was raised in Ste. Genevieve County, some of whom resided in what is now Madison. This county was formed of portions of Ste. Genevieve and Cape Girard- eau Dec. 14, i8i8, but has since been much reduced in size by the organiza- tion of other counties. During the late Civil War, about an equal number from Madison County joined the Federal and Confederate armies; in all some three or four companies. The battle of Fredericktown, in which the Federals^ were victorious, was fought on the 21st of October, 1861, Col. Plummer commanding the Federal, and Gen. Jeff. Thompson the Confederate forces. Some bushwhacking and guerrilla warfare occurred throughout the entire war, but no other battle was fought. Physical Features. — The surface of the country is mostly hilly and broken, but well watered. The highest hills are generally composed of mineral masses of porphyritic stone, most of which contain more or l^siron ore. The St. Francis on the west and Castor River on the east, both run in a southerly direction through the entire length of the county. These streams and their tributaries afford excellent water power, which as- yet is unimproved. The soil along the valleys of the streams, though generally sandy and gravelly, is very productive. The county is well tim- bered with black, white and Spanish oak, yellow pine, black and white walnut, sugar-maple, cherry, hackberry, sassafras and papaw. The Agricultural Productions are corn, oats, wheat and stock, though not in larger quantities than meet the home demand. Tobacco^ is grown well on the river bottoms and best uplands, but as yet has not been exported. Mineral Resources. — Few sections of country of the same area pos- sess a greater variety of minerals, and some of these exist in large 'quanti- ties. The LaMotte Lead Mines wqxq worked as early as 1722, having^ been discovered about that time by M. La Motte. For a century but little work was done, but since the year 1830, the annual yield has been over 1,000,000 pounds. By reason of sundry improvements in mining and smelting operations introduced by Messrs. Lockwood and Scott, present proprietors and managers, the business is quite profitable. The metals found on the La Motte Lead Company's land consist of gold, silver, nickel, copper, antimony, bismuth, manganese, zinc, lead, iron, cobalt, arsenic and the same kind of ore as is found at the so-called tin mines. Of lead and iron the supply is practically inexhaustible, and of nickel and cobalt there is the largest and richest deposit known in the world. Of minerals and earths there are kaolin, fire-clay, sandstone, molding sand, paris white, sulphur, silex, fluor-spar, limestone, grind- stone, French buhr-stones, yellow and red ochre. Indications of MADISON COUNTY. 341 lead are found in many places, but not in paying quantities, except on the Mine La Motte lands, which embrace 24,010 acres; two-thirds of which is in Madison and the other third in St. Francois County. This tract was confirmed in 1827, by act of Congress, to Messrs. Valle, Pratt, St. James and Beauvis, and November 6th, 1837, it was sold by Commis- sioners Wm. M. Newberry, Josias Berryman, Theodore F. Tong, Caleb Cox and Henry Janis, appointed by the circuit court of Madison County "on petition for partition of lands and tenements." This property is now owned by Messrs. Lockwood, Scott, Hazard and Copelin. Iron, lead and copper are found in nearly every section in the county. The principal deposits of iron are the Mathews Motintain Iron Bank, 7 miles south-west of Fredericktown \ the Hematite Mining Company s Bank, at Cornwall ; Dr. Goff^s Bank, north of Cornwall ; Charles If. Gregoire' s Bank, in T. 2,Z^ R- 7> ^-j ^.nd the Madison Mining Company' s Bank in T. 33, R. 7, e. The Hematite Mining Company shipped a great deal of iron from their works during the years 1871 and 1872. The Buckeye Copper Mines, lyi miles south-east of Fredericktown, were worked in 1846, and at several periods since, but never very profitably. The Cannae, Dillon and Ware Mines, the next township south, have been worked sufficiently to prove them valuable. MarshalV s Mines, 3 miles east of Fredericktown, were worked to some extent in 1 836, and pronounced very rich. The Mine La Motte Copper Mines 2 miles west of Fleming's old smelting furnace, were discovered in December, 1838, by H, N. Tong, Esq., though but little systematic mining was done until the year 1845, when a practical miner named Marie, from England, purchased an interest in them, and a company was formed who erected a large smelting furnace, and began work on an extensive scale. For the next three years the net profit of these mines amounted to upward of $150,000, notwith- standing which, all work in them was abandoned, until within the last year, when it was resumed by the La Motte Lead Company, who are working these mines for nickel, large amounts of which ore are being shipped to Europe for refinement, the mining for copper having been abandoned. Gold and platinum are said to have been found near Fredericktown, and the statement is verified by some St. Louis assayers. The gold is in a vein mixed with magnetic iron, rhodium, etc. Although both Prof. Swallow, then State Geologist, and Dr. Theodore Wise, practical chemist, testified to the existence of gold in paying quantities, yet the leads have never been worked. It may not be generally known that the nickel used for coining was principally from these mines. The idea of introducing this metal into lesser coin was suggested by Prof. Booth, of the U. S. Mint, Philadelphia, who, in connection with a Mr. Coffin, established works at Mine La Motte for the separation of nickel from the other metals, and large quan- 342 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. titles were shipped to the mint for refinement and use. Much of the German silver, or white metal used in forks, spoons, etc, is manufac-* tured from nickel procured at these mines. A few years ago, great excite- ment existed relative to the tin mines of T. T)^ "-j ^- 6 e., and over ;$ 1 00,000 was expended in the erection of reducing and smelting works, but without any prospect of a speedy realization of the hopes of the cap- italists, and work was abandoned. Madison is rich in minerals, but she needs capital and skilled labor to develop her resources, and show her to be what she is, one of the first mineral counties in the State. The Manufacturing Interests consist chiefly of the lead smelting furnaces, but there are several grist and saw-mills, and excellent water power. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^8,210,000.* Railroads. — The St. Louis & Iron Mountain R. R. passes through the north-eastern part of the county for a distance of 23 miles. The Exports are mainly lead and timber. Large quantities of pine and oak timber, stave timber and railroad ties are shipped from Mar- quand, Cornwall and Fredericktown, and over 1,000,000 pounds of lead annually from Mine La Motte. The Educational Interests of this county have been somewhat neglected, but are rapidly improving. There are 42 sub-districts, and the schools are taught 4 months in the year. Cornv/all, a station on the St. L. & L M. R. R., 7 miles s. e. of Fredericktown, contains a few stores and a saw-mill. FREDERICKTOWN, the county seat and principal town, a station on the St. L. & L M. R, R., 105 miles from St. Louis and 91 miles from Belmont, was settled in 182 1. It contains 5 churches — i Catholic, 2 Methodist (i colored), and 2 Baptist (i colored), and about 1, 200 inhabitants. The greater portion of the older settlers — some of whom are still living — were Catholics. There is one large union school building, well supplied with modern desks and apparatus, costing 56,000, and 2 newspapers — 77^*? Bee, Edgar P. Caruthers, editor, and The Plain Dealer, Dr. W. H. Gosney, publisher. Fredericktown, including Collier's and Villar's and the old St. Michael additions, has 16 stores, 3 hotels, 2 planing-mills, i fence manufactory, i saddler's and 4 wagon shops. Marquand, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. R., 14 miles s. e. of Frederick- town, contains 3 stores, i mill, i hotel, and i church — Presbyterian. It is also a shipping point for an iron bank, Po^julation, about 150. Mine La Motte, 4 miles n. of Fredericktown, and 2}^ miles from the station of that name, is an unusual town, not having any saloons, and contains about 300 inhabitants, principally miners and mechanics, and mostly steady working citizens. ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, j2-034,6^- Bonded debt, ^18,050. Floating debt, ?7,56o. MARIES COUNTY, In the central part of the State, is bounded north by Osage County, east by Gasconade and Phelps, south by Phelps and Pulaski, and west by Mil- ler county, and contains 313,416 acres. Population in i860, 4,901; in 1870, 5,916, of whom 5,894 were white, and 22 were colored ; 3,019 male, and 2,897 female; 5,598 native (3,979 born in Missouri), and 318 foreign. History. — This county was organized March 2d, 1855, from parts of Osage and Pulaski, and in those counties the early history of this section is given. During the late Civil War it, happily, almost entirely escaped the disturbances that befell many counties. Physical Features. — Hills, valleys, ridges, prairies and table-lands diversify the surface, under which lie treasures of untold wealth awaiting the scientific exploration of the geologist and the " open sesame" of the capitalist. The county is well watered and drained, in the west by Maries, Little Maries, Sugar and Tavern Creeks, which flow northwardly into the Osage ; the Gasconade River flows from south to north in a winding course, a little east of the center of the county, its lofty cliffs parting to admit Spring Creek with its tributaries ; also Cedar Creek and Long Branch from the east, and Clifty, Dry and several smaller creeks from the west, while the Bourbeuse, in the south-eastern part of the county, flowing north-easterly, is swelled by Dry Fork of Bourbeuse, Pea Vine and other smaller streams. The Gasconade has been surveyed by order of Congress, with a view to making it navigable from its mouth to Arlington, where it is crossed by the A. & P. R. R. These streams influence the topography very much, owing to the depth they cut below the general surface of the surrounding country. Little Tavern cuts about one hundred feet beneath the level, and has narrow bottoms with hills gently sloping on either side. The bottoms of Little and Big Maries are wider, the hills also gently sloping, but the country between and adjacent to these streams is quite broken and hilly. The Gasconade and its trib- utaries cut into the older formations, deep down into the third magnesian limestone, and their bluffs are more abrupt, frequently precipitous, and generally rising over 100 feet, presenting, especially in the southern part of the county, peculiarly wild and picturesque scenery. The adjacent country, for several miles on either side of the streams, is very broken. The Gasconade Bottoms are frequently a quarter of a mile in width. The hills on Cave Spring Creek and Spring Creek are high, although they rise gradually from the valleys. The slopes on Dry Fork of Bourbeuse 346 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OP MISSOURL and its tributaries are gentle, and the hills do not exceed 50 feet in' height. Among the numerous fine springs may be mentioned the Jen- kins Spring, about two miles south-^west of Lane's Prairie, and one on the farm of W. H. Hildebrand, near Spanish Prairie. Quite a number of caves are found among th€ bluffs bordering on the Gasconade River, one situated in Sec. 22, Tp. 40, Range 9, just above the mouth of Indian Creek and on the west bank of the river, has been explored about 400 feet. There is also one at the Old Bloom Landing, and several near the mouth of Clifty Creek. Caves are not the only curiosities observable among the physical fea- tures of this county of such varied limestone deposits. Professor Broad- head says, that on Clifty Creek, in a wild and secluded spot, he observed a natural bridge, with a span of about 30 feet, the arch being about 15 feet above the water, the thickness of the rock above that about 12 feet, and the width on top 15 feet. Two small streams come together under this natural causeway, one from the west and another from the south-west. A part of the bluff on the south-west fork spans the northern fork, and terminates about 60 feet beyond in a sharp point, while 50 feet further, there rise, abruptly from the bottoms, the bluffs of the opposite hills, which are very precipitous, frequently studded with cedars, some on the very- top of the ridge. A perfectly clear stream of water, whose pebbly bot- tom can be seen, courses through this valley, and the bottoms near are overspread with a dense growth of trees and vines ; among the latter, the muscadine grape. The valley here, shut in by perpendicular cliffs, grows wildly picturesque and romantic in its loneliness. On the summits of the highest bluffs of the Gasconade are Indian mounds, most of which in Maries County are constructed solely of stones piled around human remains. It seems that these people had a fondness for burying their dead on the highest points they could find, and generally in sight of a large water course. The bottom lands are generally well covered with good-sized timber, principally burr, swamp, white and black oak, shell- bark and pig-nut hickory, black and white walnut, American and red elm, laurel, red-bud, rock chestnut, hackberry, sycamore and linden. The hills and slopes are sparsely timbered. The prairies are a marked feature — of these Lane's Prairie, situated between the Bourbeuse and the Gasconade Rivers, containing 10,000 acres, Spanish Prairie, of less ex- tent, and Galloway's Prairie, are noted. These prairies are in a high state of cultivation, and produce fine crops of wheat, corn, oats and tobacco. Both the uplands and prairies are well adapted to stock-raising and fruit- culture. The bottom lands produce luxuriant crops of corn and tobacco, 30 to 50 bushels per acre being an average crop of corn. The uplands may be classified besides prairies, as timbered uplands and " barrens." On the latter, before cultivation, grow a few scattering trees and a tall orairie grass, which is very nutritious for stock. The soil of 4 MARIES COUNTY. 347 these " barrens " is good for wheat, oats and other small grains. Agricultural Productions. — Corn, oats, wheat, barley, timothy, •clover, potatoes and tobacco are grown extensively, also apples, peaches pears, grapes, and all the smaller fruits usually grown in this State. Some fine orchards are to be seen on the high farms. This is a fine grazing country, and exportation of grain being expensive *nuch of it is fed to stock. There is but little Government Land in this county. There are 5,000 acres of swamp land, and the A. & P. R. R. has about 4,000 acres of good land for sale on liberal terms at from $t, to $8 per acre.* Mineral Resources. — This county is rich in deposits of lead, iron and copper, though as yet these are mainly undeveloped. Buhr-stone, grindstone, sand and limestone of several varieties are found, also sulphate of baryta (in sec. 20, T. 41, R. 11, w.,) in irregular fragments of massive form ; sands of various kinds, that on Spring Creek being a good mate- rial for making glass. In 1873 ^^^^"^ deposits of iron, both the hematite and the sulphuret"", the latter principally, were discovered in various parts of the county. About a mile west of Lane's Prairie, on the head waters of Cedar Creek, huge masses of ore can be seen ; one place in particular has been laid bare, and a mass of hematite and blue specular ores mixed, presents itself from the bottom of the ravine, rising 70 feet perpendicu- larly, and on either side of this immense deposit, for miles, there are seem- ingly rich banks of ore. On the eastern, northern and southern banks of the prairies are other banks scarcely inferior to the one above described. Rich banks have also been found on Tavern Creek, some of which have been worked. The distance to railroad, and the consequent heavy cost of transportation, retard the development of these mines. Lead is found in various places ; the William Mine, in the north-eastern part of the •county, having been worked with profit for several years. The Manufacturing Interests consist of a few saw and grist-mills and one woolen and carding factory. Admirable mill sites are abundant •on most of the streams. \A^ealth. — Valuation of the county, per census of 1870, $i,6oo,ooo.'j" The Exports are horses, mules, cattle, hogs, sheep, wool, wheat, oats, barley, tobacco, apples, peaches, pears, grapes, etc. The Educational Interests are receiving increased attention. 'There are 34 public schools in the county, 37 efficient teachers, 2,500 children of school age, and school property to the amount of ^100,000. Barnett. — See Manton. *The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be paid, with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St. Louis to the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix- tAssessed valuation in 1873, $1,524,985. Taxation, $1.75 per $100. Bonded debt, $8,000. Floating •debt, $10,000. 348 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL Bloomington. — See Lane's Prairie. Clifty Dale, a post-office lo miles s. e. of Vienna. High Grove, a post-office on Spanish Prairie, lo miles n. n. w. of" St. James, its nearest railroad station, and about i8 miles s. e. of Vienna,. Lacon, a post-office 8 miles n. w. of Vienna. Lane's Prairie, (Bloomington,) 12 miles e. of Vienna, and about 12; miles n. of St. James, its nearest station, contains 2 stores, i wagon shop Manton, (Barnett,) near the n, w, corner of the county, on the road, leading from Jefferson City to Vienna, is 14 miles n. w. of the latter place, and contains i hotel, i saddle and harness shop and i store. Pay Do\vn, 10 miles n. e. of Vienna, on the Gasconade, at the mouth of Spring Creek, is both beautifully and advantageously located, and con- tains I woolen and carding and 2 grist-mills. Steen's Prairie, a post-office 15 miles n. e. of Vienna. VIENNA, the county seat, 23 miles n. w. of Rolla, Phelps County,, and 19 miles n. e. of Dixon, Pulaski County, its nearest station on the: A. & P, R. R., is pleasantly situated on high rolling land, about 2 miles west of the Gasconade. It was settled in 1855, has a population of about 250, and contains a neat brick court-house, costing ;^ 10,000, built in 1870; a good school-house, well furnished, a newspaper — The Courier; published by A, P. & A. J. Rittenhouse, 2 churches — Catholic and Metho- dist, I hotel, 4 stores and i wagon shop. Weldon, a post-office 9 miles s. w. of Vienna. MARION COUNTY, In the north-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Lewis County, east by the Mississippi River, which separates it from Illinois, south by Ralls and Monroe, and west by Shelby County, and contains 280,509 acres. Population in 1830, 4,837; in 1840,9,623; in 1850, 12,230; in i860, 18,838; in 1870, 23,780, of whom 20,187 were white and 3,593 were colored ; 12,282 male and 11,498 female; 21,164 native (12,353 born in Missouri) and 2,616 foreign. History. — Previous to 1800 a tract of land lying upon the Bay de Charles, 3 miles above the present site of Hannibal, was granted to Man- turi Bouvet, a trapper and fur trader. Some Canadian French joined him here, and a little settlement sprung up with which the Indians carried on a lively trade, and on a fall or spring day a hundred bark canoes, loaded with furs and skins, might have been seen moored in the bay. Bouvet grew rich, and it was rumored that he possessed a barrel of gold which he kept buried near his house, and when a few years later his hut was burned and all trace of him was lost, many supposed that he had been murdered, while others believed that fearing that he would be treacherously dealt with, he fired his cabin himself while deep sleep was upon the little settlement, and taking his gold in a canoe, made his way to New Orleans. The ruins of the stone chimney are still to be seen, and also numerous cavities close by, made by parties digging for his gold. The grant was sold by the public administrator before the church door while the people were at service, and Charles de Gratiot became the purchaser. The deed made out in his name is recorded at St. Louis. Settlements were made in South River Valley near Palmyra in 1814, at Taylor's Mills in 1816, at Palmyra in 1818, and at Hannibal in 1819 by emigrants from Kentucky, Virginia and North Carolina. The first families that cut their way through the forests were those of Grafford, Moss, McKay, Haywood, Dur- kee and Foreman in 1814. These settlers were encouraged by the arri- val in 1816 of the families of Bush, Turner, Bates and Dulany. In 1817 came Feagan, Masterson, Lyle, Palmer, Gash, Longmire, Parish, Nesbit, Vallandingham, Keithley and Culbertson. In 1818, Calvert, Spaulding, Donnelly, Young, Mathews, Willis, Barton, Lane, Shropshire, Richey, Ray and White arrived — a hardy stock of immigrants. These were followed in 1819 by Armstrong, Walker, Rice, Lake, (the wife of Burgess Lake is now living in her eighty-fifth year,) McFall, Frye and Taylor. In 1820 350 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. came McFarland, Dunn, Lear, Gupton, Fort and Glasscock, who are still living, and vividly recount the story of their early dangers and hardships. Hawkins Smith erected the first mill on South River, and the settlers came forty miles to mill, remaining one or two days for their grist. Palmyra afterwards became a great trading point for the Indians. The first difficulty between them and the whites occurred in 1817, when an Indian shot a white man and a few weeks later the white man killed the Indian. He was taken as a prisoner to St. Louis in a canoe. The section of country just about Palmyra settled up quite rapidly, the soil being of the finest quality and springs abounding. In the early days, the first Sunday after the arrival of a new settler the entire neighborhood called upon him, and carried him a piece of venison or some present of game, counted his negroes, (his influence was in proportion to the num- ber of these,) and made arrangements to help him build his house. A log-rolling day was appointed, and with hearty good will a cabin was soon erected. The Sacs and Foxes hunted over this entire region, and the site of Palmyra was the council ground of these tribes long before the whites came into the country. After it was settled it was a favorite trading point with them, and their distinguished chiefs, Keokuk and Black Hawk, were frequently here. The venerable Presley Carr Lane, one of the few pioneers who yet remain (1874), says : *' I well remember seeing, soon after the first settlement of Palmyra, the long file of Indians coming into the village, the men in advance, carrying nothing but bows and arrows, while the squaws brought up the rear, each one with a bark sack containing about 2 bushels of pecans, on her back." These pecans grew in the Mississippi Bottom, east of Palmyra and north of Hannibal, but the trees have all been destroyed. In these early days, every family raised from 50 to 100 pounds of cotton for home use, and the picking of this was turned into a merry- making. The evening was the time selected, and the young people col- lected about the great log fire, when the cotton was drying, frolic and work going hand in hand. . It does not require a vivid imagination to suggest that perhaps more than one love story was told, while the busy fingers separated the seed from the cotton. After it was picked, the women spun and wove it, and then fashioned it into garments. Marion was taken from Ralls, and its boundaries defined, December 14th, 1822 ; organized December 23d, 1826, and the first court was held March 26th, 1S27, at the house of Richard Brewer; Elijah Stapp, James J. Mahan, Wm. J. McElroy and John Longmire, justices ; Joshua Gentry, sheriff, and Theodore Jones, clerk. The courtvadjourned for dinner, and re-assembled in the house of Abraham K. Frye, when Daniel Hendricks presented his commission from the Governor, and took his seat as one of the justices. The settlement of Marion was greatly increased from 1830 to 1835, by efforts made in Philadelphia, Cincin- MARION COUNTY. 35 1 nati and Pittsburg by Mr. Wm. Muldron. About 300 immigrants came into the county through his efforts, and a town called Marion City was laid off 6 miles east of Palmyra in 1834, but in the great freshet of 1844, it was entirely washed away. Marion College, and the preparatory schools at East and West Ely (manual labor schools), were established, and the services of such men as Ezra S. Ely, D.D., Dr. D. Nelson, Rev. Marks, D.D., Profs. McKee, Potts, Goodrich, Hays, Roach and Blatch- ford were secured. These schools flourished for 10 years, and were then abandoned. This county furnished troops for the Black Hawk War in 1832 ; for the Florida War in 18373 for the Mormon War in 1838; for the Mexican War in 1846 ; and for the Civil War in 1861. Marion County has been the residence of a number of distinguished men : 5 congress- men, 5 State senators, also Bishop Marvin, Nelson, the author of a work on Infidelity, Dr. Hobson, Uriel Wright, Judge Dryden, Samuel Glover and Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens). Physical Features.— Probably two-thirds of the surface is undulat- ing prairie; the woodland is thin along the margins of the streams, extending here and there into the prairies, and embraces hickory, oak, black walnut, sugar-maple, ash, sassafras, haw, elm, honey-locust, etc. The county is drained by North and South Fabius, Troublesome, Saline and Grassy Creeks, North and South Rivers, and many smaller streams. There are also many fine springs of pure water, besides several chalybeate and sulphur springs. The soil in the bottoms is very fertile, and on the prairie is underlaid by a silicious marl, which contains all the elements necessary to render it exceedingly fertile. North and east of Palmyra are considerable bodies of land which sustain a heavy growth of American elm. The soil of these elm lands is second to none in the State in point of fertility. Hannibal Cave, situated i mile below the city of Hannibal and about a quarter of a mile from the Mississippi River, is approached through a broad ravine hemmed in by lofty ridges which are at right- angles with the river. The antechamber is about 8 feet high and 15 feet long ; this descends into the Narrows, thence through Grand Avenue to a spacious hall called Washington Avenue through which the Altar Chamber is reached, where crystal quartz rock, carbonate of lime and sulphate of magnesia abound ; and stalactites and stalagmites, continually forming by limestone percolations, are everywhere seen. The larger portion of the rock formations of the cave are of the kind styled "litho- graphic stone." By crawling into the Bat Avenue Chamber stealthily, the bats may beseen hanging from the ceiling in clusters like a swarm of bees. A few years ago a king bat was caught in this chamber by Wm. J. Marsh, Which measured 15 inches from tip to tip. Washington Avenue, over 16 feet high, with long corridors of stalactites and stalagmites, is the 352 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL largest and most spacious of all the divisions of the cave. At one place in it is a spring of living water, and at another in a deep pool are found the wonderful eyeless fish. Nitre also abounds here in the crude state, and saltpetre was manufactured here thirty years ago. Another very inter- esting department is the Devil's Hall. This is large, wide and spacious, with horizontal ceiling, and smooth, level floor. In the rear of this chamber is. "the Alligator Rock, a stone bearing a wonderful resemblance to that animal Beyond this is the Elephant's Head, at the confluence of two- avenues that lead to regions far beyond. Here also are seen two natural wells, which are circular in shape and filled with limpid water. Then comes the Table Rock, which is elevated twenty feet above the head, with regular steps to ascend on one and descend on the opposite side, down to the western terminus of the cave. A visit will amply repay the day's time spent in its exploration. This cavern was the rendezvous of French Canadians a hundred years ago, and for the Indians long prior to that time. In 1840, Dr. Joseph McDowell, of St. Louis, purchased it with the intention of using it as a grand museum. Anatomical and mineralogical specimens were brought and assigned a place in the cave,, and a sarcophagus was cut and the remains of a child were deposited in. the Altar Chamber. Murphy s Cave, in Ides Hill, near the center of Hannibal, was dis- covered in 1872, by some workmen who were digging for fire-clay, and is similar to Hannibal Cave. Ure's Cave is in the rear of the same hill, but is not so extensive as the two just mentioned. Lover's Leap, a promontory 300 feet above the Mississippi River, is in South Hannibal, and commands a fine view of the city and surrounding country The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats, hay and fruit. In the vicinity of Hannibal there are several fine vineyards, and grapes are grown to some extent in every part of the county. Stock-raising,, especially of thorough breds^, is an important industry. The Mineral Resources consist of coal, clay, limestone and free- stone. Manufacturing Interests. — Flour, lumber, railroad cars, lime and blank books are all manufactured to some extent, and three extensive potteries are now in operation in the county. "Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $15,750,000.* Railroads. — There are 80 miles of railroad in operation, and about 3 miles in process of construction. The Hannibal and St. Joseph R. R.. extends from Hannibal north-west to Palmyra, and from Quincy south- ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, 19,716,976. Bonded debt, ^80,000. Mason township has a railroad debt of $200,000, and Liberty township, |85,ooo. The bonded debt of Hannibal is ^240,000. The floating debtj $70,000. MARION COUNTY. 353 « west to the same point, thence south-west, returning to pass through the extreme south-western part of the county. The Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R., from Hannibal, follows the southern line of the county for about 12 miles. The Toledo, Wabash & Western R. R. has about i mile of road above Hannibal, The Quincy, Alton & St. Louis R. R., furnishes a con- venient route to Quincy and St. Louis via Hannibal and Fall Creek Junc- tion R. R. The Keokuk & St. Louis R. R. passes through the county along the Mississippi River, and is now completed and cars are running to Hannibal, a distance of 22 miles. The 3 miles remaining will soon be completed. The St. Louis, Hannibal & Keokuk R. R., is completed from Hannibal south-westwardly to the southern line of Ralls County, and when completed will connect with the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., probably at Dardenne, thus furnishing another direct route to St. Louis. The Mississippi Valley & Western R. R. is completed to Hannibal, and cars are now running. The Exports are wheat, beef, pork and fruits. Educational Interests. — There is a growing feeling in favor of public schools, and nearly every sub-district is supplied with a comfort- able school-house. Excellent teachers are employed, and the schools generally are of a high grade, especially in Hannibal and Palmyra, where very superior educational advantages are found. Barkley, named for its first settler, Levi Barkley, a station on the H. & St. J. R. R., 5 miles s. of Palmyra and 10 miles n. w. from Han- nibal, is an important shipping point for stock and fruit. Bear Creek, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 5 miles w. of Hannibal, has 1 patent limekiln, i cooper shop, i stone crusher and i lime quarry which is extensively worked. Benbow, (formerly Midway,) 18 miles n. w. of Palmyra, has i public school, 2 churches — Methodist and Presbyterian, 2 stores and 1 wagon shop. CaldweU. — See Woodland, Ely, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 9 miles s. w. of Palmyra. Emerson, 13 miles w, n. w. of Palmyra, was settled at an early day by Messrs. True, Jones, McPike and Emerson. It was laid off Jan. 20th, 1837, and called Houston, but in 1859 the name was changed to Emerson. It has I public school, 3 churches — Methodist, Baptist and Christian, and 4 stores and several shops. Hannibal, in the south-eastern corner of the county, the terminus of the H. & St. J. R. R., and the M., K. & T. R. R.,and on the K. & H. R. R., is situated on the west bank of the Mississippi River, which is bridged at this point, thus making Hannibal the western terminus of the T., W. & W., and F. C. Branch of Q., A, & St. L. R. R'ds. It is also the northern terminus of the M. , K. & T. R. R. , and present terminus of the M., V. & W. R. R., and of the St. L., H. & K. R. R., which is in 354 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL operation from Frankfort! to Hannibal, a distance of 18 miles. The city is built between Halliclay's Hill on the north, and Lover's Leap on the south, and is divided by Bear Creek and Ide's Hill into North Han- nibal and South Hannibal. It extends two miles back from the river, over the valley of the creek and up on the hillsides, making a beautiful and picturesque city. In early times it was known as Staveley's Land- ing. Lots were sold here to settlers in 1S17, and in 1819 the town was regularly laid off by Thos. Bird, on a New Madrid claim. The first keel~t)oat was built by Moses D. Bates & Bro., and in 1817 the first named built the first log cabin. The oldest portion of the town is near the ferry landing; after this Palmyra Avenue was settled and then Main Street. For years after its settlement, Indian wigwams dotted the hills about it, but they decreased in number as white settlers came in. In the fall of 1828, the families of Giles Thompson, Joseph Brashear, Amos Gridley, Zachariah G. Draper, Reuben Turner, Theophilus Stone and Joshua Mitchell constituted the inhabitants of Hannibal. Mr. Mitchell, now (1S74) 70 years old, says when he arrived, the present site of Han- nibal was a forest of oak, walnut and hackberry, with a dense underbrush of hazel ; and that he rode from St. I^ouis on horseback, finding but three settlers between New London and Hannibal — Stephen Dodd, Stark Simms and James Mills. In 1S29, Mr. Mitchell built the first frame house of the town, and in 1823 Joseph Hamilton the first brick house — on the Levee, between Bird and Hill. Joab Smith and Mr. Johnson, of St. Louis, in 1833, built the first steam saw-mill, on the corner of Main and Broadway, now occupied by Mr. J. Settle's clothing store. In 1826, Mr. John Fry and family settled in the town, followed by Mr. Robert Buchanan in 1832. The commerce of the Upper Mississippi, until 1829, was carried on by keel boats, manned chiefly by French Canadians ; ten to twelve days were required to make the trip from St. Louis to Hannibal. In 1833 the inhabitants of the town numbered 35, and i steamboat arrived and departed per week. The families then residing there, in addition to those already men- tioned, were as follows : Samuel Stone, Joseph Craig, Samuel Bowen, Abraham Curts, Abner Nash, Isaac Holt, A. McGinnis, John L. Lacy, James Clark, John Nelson and James Conroy. In 1837 Thos. E. Brit- 'tingham arrived from Maryland, and in 1839 he built his present brick residence. The same year Dr. B. T. Norton, J. Pierce and William Mc Daniel arrived — the latter in a snow storm, and was only able to find accommodation for himself and family in an out-house, and it was impossible for him to find supplies for man or beast. Bear Creek at that time passed in a serpentine course through what is now the chief busi- ness part of the town ; South Hannibal was a dense forest, and West Hannibal a favorite hunting ground. MARION COUNTY. 355 At quite an early day Dr. Nelson preached to the people, and the first church (Methodist) was organized in 1835 by George W. Bouley. In 1837 Dr. Marks, now (1874) of Webster Groves, organized the first Presbyterian church. In 1847 ^ charter was obtained for the H. & St. J. R. R., and this secured the future prosperity of the city, and in 1845 the Keokuk & St. Louis Packet Co. was organized, which added much to the business of Hannibal. From 1825 to 1835 New London, Pal- myra, Hannibal, Scipio, Marion City and Quincy were the great cities of the West, and much jealousy existed between them. In 1825 New London and Palmyra were rivals J in 1827 Palmyra and Marion City; in 1829 Hannibal and Scipio, and finally a spirited rivalry between Pal- myra and Hannibal. The last came off victorious in the succeeding decade, and was incorporated as a city in 1839. The oldest settlers now living are Thos. E. Brittingham, Joshua Mitchell, John Fry, Robert Buchanan, Theophilus Stone, Abraham Curts and John L. Lacy. The corporate limits embrace about 3,000 acres of land, and the business of the city may be inferred from the following figures: There were sold from this place and carried over tlie various railroad lines centering here, nearly ioo.,ooo,ooo feet of lumber, 100,000 barrels of lime and 150,000 barrels of flour, manufactured here ; and many thousand pounds of tobacco. There were slaughtered here in 1873, 16,000 hogs and several thousand cattle. The city contains about 350 stores and business houses, 2 extensive car shops, which have turned out some fine palace cars, i large foundry and many smaller manufactories. A fine union depot is soon to be erected ; also a grand hotel and a capacious grain elevator. There are 2 newspapers — the Courier, published by the Winchell & Ebert Printing Company, and the Clipper, by Rich & Newberry, 6 public schools and i high school — 3,229 children of school age with a regular attend- ance of 1,000 (^25,000 are expended annually for school purposes), II churches — Baptist, membership 265; Presbyterian, 275; Congrega- tional, 350; Episcopal, 200; Lutheran, 75 ; Baptist (col.), 150; Meth- odist (col), 260; M. E. Ch. South, 250; M. E. Ch. , 300; Catholic, 500 adult members; Arch Street Methodist, 100 ; Christian Church, 225. The Union Stock Yards are new, admirably arranged, and easy of access. The North Missouri Fair Grounds are near the city, and have been beautifully laid off at an expense of ^60,000. Hannibal now has a population of 12,575, and with the natural advantages it possesses, to- gether with the intelligence and enterprise which characterize the people, its past vigorous growth is but a promise of greater prosperity in the future. The Hannibal bridge, erected in 1870 and 1871, at a cost of ^485,- 000, is a combined railroad and highway bridge over the Mississippi, and the trains of the C, B. & Q. R. R., and the T., W. & W. R. R. 356 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL pass over this bridge and through the tunnel, which is cut through Halli- day's Hill, i mile above the city, and is 302 feet long, 20 feet high, and 18 feet wide. Hester, 8 miles w. s. w. of Quincy, and 9 miles n. of Palmyra, is a new town in the midst of a well timbered and fine agricultural district. Naomi, 16 miles n. w. of Palmyra on Troublesome Creek, has been recently laid out, and is surrounded by well-cultivated farms. Nelsonville, a p. o. 25 miles w. n. w. of Palmyra, is near the north- west corner of the county. Ne^v Market, 12 miles w. of Palmyra, has i store, i wagon shop, and I hotel. This place was laid out November 24th, 1836, by Messrs. Hawkins and Burch. North River, a p. o. situated in the forks of North River, 9 miles w. s. w. of Palmyra, is a comparatively new town. This section of country was known as "Turkey Shin," because wild turkeys abounded, and regular hunting excursions were made thither by the early inhabitants. North River Station, a station on the H. & St. J. R. R., is 9 miles from Quincy and 5 miles n. n. e. of Palmyra. PALMYRA, the county seat, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 14 miles from Hannibal, and 14 from west Quincy, is in the midst of the '' Elm Lands," whose marvelous beauty and fertility became, early in the settlement of Missouri, an attraction to those seeking homes in the "Far West." Great inroads have been made upon these elm forests, and now following almost any of the roads leading from the city, are seen farm after farm of golden grain, flowery fields of clover, and magnificent orchards of fruit, which extend far back into the country. There are 7 never-failing springs in and around the city, which form the stream that runs through the heart of Palmyra, and empties into North River. The largest, known as the "town spring," is remembered by many a weary traveler, and affords abundant water for the entire city. Hugh White was the original owner of the site, and March 24th, 1819, he con- veyed it to Samuel K. Caldwell and Obadiah Dickerson, who afterwards sold an interest in it to Joel Shaw and John McCune and the location of each gentleman's portion was decided by lot. The city is regularly laid out and is substantially and tastefully built, having about 30 stores and numerous shops, 2 flouring-mills, 2 breweries, i brick yard, 2 pork pack- ing houses, 2 banks, 2 public and 2 private schools, and Ingleside Acad- emy, under the patronage of the Baptist denomination, Mrs. P. A. Baird principal, 11 churches — M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South, Reformed, Pres- byterian, Episcopal, Lutheran, Catholic, O. S. Presbyterian, also col- ored Baptist and Methodist, 2 newspapers, TJie Spectator, published by Jacob Losey, and the New Era, by Leflet & Gordon. Population about 3,000. During the late Civil War a skirmish occurred at Palmyra between Col. Porter's forces (Confederate) and about 80 Federal troops MARION COUNTY. 357 -under Capt. D. Duback, in which i citizen fell and others were wounded. Philadelphia, 12 miles w. of Palmyra, was laid out by Wm. Mul- dron, Dec. 19th, 1835. It has i Union church, i public school, 3 stores and several simps. Sharpsburg, 5 miles n. w. of Monroe City and 22 miles s. w. of Pal- myra, is a small village which was settled at an early day. Springdale, on the M., K. & T. R. R. 8 miles w. of Hannibal, is a newly laid off town in the center of a fine country. Taylor, on the M. P. R. R. 5 miles w. of West Quincy and 6 miles Ti. of Palmyra, is a small town laid off and chiefly owned by Capt. Jno. Taylor, who settled here in 1820. Warren, 15 miles w. s. w. of Palmyra, was laid off in 1844 by Messrs. McElroy and Edelin. It is surrounded by a good farming coun- try, and contains i church, i public school, i store and several shops. 'West Ely, 10 miles s. of Palmyra, has 2 stores, several shops, 2 pub- lic schools and 2 churches — Lutheran and Presbyterian. West Quincy, on the H. & St. J. R. R. has i public school, i store, I lumber yard, i planing mill and i union depot. Wither's Mills, on the H. & St. J. R. R. 7^ miles from Hannibal and the same distance from Palmyra, has i school and i Baptist Church. Woodland, (Caldwell,) on the H. & St. J. R. R. 5 miles s. w. of Palmyra, has i store, i school-house and a Baptist church. This village is surrounded by a rich agricultural country. il MERCER COUNTY, In the northern part of the State, is bounded north by Iowa, east by Putnam and Sullivan Counties, south by Grundy, and west by Harrison, and contains 283,466 acres. Population in 1850, 2,691; in i860, 9,300; in 1870, 11,557, of whom 1 1,464 were white, and 93 colored ; 5,948 male, and 5,609 female; 11,407 native (5,239 born in Missouri), and 140 foreign. History. — What is now Mercer County was settled in 1837, when it formed a part of Grundy. The Sioux, Foxes and Pottawatamies, who then occupied the region, and with whom considerable trade was carried on, generally lived on amicable terms with the settlers, but occasionally some petty quarrel would arise at the trading posts. One of these led to the killing of an Indian at Pleasanton, in 1845, ^^^ shortly after they were removed to Iowa. The county was organized Feb. 14th, 1845, ^^^ named in honor of Gen. Mercer, of Revolutionary fame. The county seat was located at Princeton, Feb. ist, 1847. A few of the early settlers still remain in the county, among themT. B. Harrington, who has been justice of the peace for 22 years — Squire Thompson, John Etherton, Sen., Joseph Speer, Charles Thompson, Sebird Rhea, Jackson Pritchard, Peter Cain and Joseph M. Sallee. This county participated in the Mormon War in 1837. (See Caldwell County pp. 87 and 88). As the Saints were en route to Utah, a small com- pany halted here for a while, and some of the settlers made their first start toward fortune in trading with them. In 1846, a company was raised in this vicinity for the Mexican War. The late Civil War called forth a large number of the able-bodied men in the county. Compara- tively few — perhaps 50 — espoused the Confederate cause, while at least 2 full regiments enlisted under the old flag, and at many of the hardest fought battles of the war, Shiloh, Fort Donelson, Franklin, Little Rock, Helena, Vicksburg and others, they bore themselves like heroes. Mercer brought no shame to the R-evolutionary name she bore, for her quotas were always filled, though she paid her tribute of blood for a united country. Physical Features. — The face of the country is undulating, watered by numerous streams flowing in a southerly direction. East Fork of Grand or Weldon, passes through the central part and has numerous small tributaries. On a portion of the western boundary is Thompson's Fork of Grand River, and its chief tributaries on the east are Quicksand and Martin's Creeks. In the eastern part are Muddy, Honey and Medicine 362 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. Creeks, and many smaller streams. The Ravanna Prairie, very beautiful and productive, occupies a great portion of the county east of the Wel- don River, while in the west is the Goshen Prairie, by many considered the land of promise of Mercer County. The soil is a rich loam inter- spersed with sand and white oak clay lands. There is little or no poor land, and much of the richest is still uncultivated. The streams are generally skirted by a fine growth of timber from i to 3 miles wide on either side, consisting of the several varieties of oak, also walnut, hickory, ash, maple, basswood, etc. These lands, when cleared, make good farms, almost every acre being arable. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, rye, fruits and stock. The people are awake to the improvements in husbandry, and by the aid of good machinery, are making some of the finest farms in the West. The grasses succeed admirably, and water being abundant, the farmers are giving increased attention to stock-raising, introducing some fine blooded animals, the raising of which is becoming a specialty in several parts of the county. Mineral Resources. — Mercer is underlaid by coal, which is yet undeveloped. Good limestone and sandstone are abundant, also fire clay. The Manufacturing Interests consist of flouring, lumber and woolen-mills. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $4,000,000.* Railroads. — The South-western Division of the Chicago & Rock Island R. R. has about 25 miles of track passing from north to south through the county. The Exports consist of live stock, grain, lumber and fruit. During the winter of 1873, $200,000 worth of timber was sold, including wood, rails, ties, etc., and over ;^io,ooo worth of hoop-poles were shipped. Educational Interests. — This county has a good school fund which has been very well managed. There are 72 sub-districts, all of which have substantial buildings, and the people are thoroughly alive to the necessity of public schools. When the school fund has proved insuf- ficient, to their honor let it be written, they have made up the deficiency by special taxation. Cleopatra, 20 miles n. e. of Princeton, and 6 miles from Lineville, contains 2 stores and a population of about 100. There is a strong sul- phur spring 23^ miles n. e. of this village. Cotton\vood, on the C. R. I. & P. R. R., 6 miles n. of Princeton, has I store and i saw-mill. Population, about 100. Goshen, 6 miles w. of Princeton, surrounded by one of the best farming regions in the county, has 2 stores, several shops, i church and a population of about 100. ♦ Assessed valuation for 1873, ^2,623.214. Taxation, $1.20 per ^100. Bonded debt, ^200,000. MERCER COUNTY. 363 Half Rock, 15 miles s. e. of Princeton, has i store, and is surrounded by a fine farming country. Honey, a post-office 9 miles s. e. of Princeton. Lineville, on the Iowa Line, and on the C. R. I. & P. R. R., 16 miles n. of Princeton. Population, about 500. Middlebury, in the extreme southern part of the county, 3 miles n. e. of Spickardsville, its nearest railroad station, and 10 miles s. of Prince- ton, is a trading point for the surrounding country. It has i store and about 75 inhabitants. Mill Grove, on the C. R. I. & P. R. R., 9 miles s. of Princeton, is a thriving town and has a good flouring-mill, a steam saw-mill, 3 stores and several shops. Population, about 200. Modena, 9 miles s. w. of Princeton, in a fine farming country, has 2 stores, several shops and about 100 inhabitants. Pleasanton, on the Iowa line, 15 miles n. w. of Princeton, is a thriving village of several hundred inhabitants. PRINCETON, the county seat, situated near the center of the county, on the east bank of the Weldon River, and on the C. R. I. & P. R. R., 402 miles from Chicago and 300 miles from St. Louis, was settled in 1840, incorporated in 1857, and now has a population of over 1,000. It is a growing town, and has an excellent high and one district school, 2 churches — Baptist and M. E. Ch., 25 stores, i fine flouring- mill with steam and water power, i wagon and 2 saddle and harness shops, 3 lumber yards, 2 newspapers — The Advance, C. E. Buren and W. L. Robertson, editors, and The Telegraph, L. W. Brannon, editor. There is an abundance of timber in the vicinity, also good building stone, and the Weldon River furnishes excellent water power at this point. During the year 1873, ?55)Ooo was spent in improving and building. Ravanna, on Ravanna Prairie, 10 miles n. e. of Princeton, its usual railroad station, is the second town in the county. It was settled in 1856 by Wm. R. McKinley, who laid off the town in 1857. It was in- corporated in 1869 and has a population of about 300. It is surrounded by a wealthy agricultural community, and contains 2 churches — M. E. Ch. and Baptist, i public school, 6 stores and 5 shops, and is on the line of the projected B. & S. W. R. R. Saline, a post-ofiice 14 miles n. w. of Princeton. MILLER COUNTY, In the central part of the State, is bounded on the north by Morgan, Moniteau and Cole Counties, east by Cole, Osage and Maries, south by Pulaski and Camden, and west by Camden and Morgan Counties, and contains 374,628 acres. Population in 1840,2,282; in 1850,3,834; in i860, 6,812; in 1870, 6,616, of whom 6,440 were white and 176 colored; 3,404 male, and 3,212 female; 6,489 native, (4080 born in Missouri) and 127 for- eign. History. — From the camp of a hunting post grew the first settlements made in this county, though it is not probable that these sportsmen con- tinued to live any length of time in such a manner, but finding the Indian hunting grounds good, and returning from season to season, some of these trappers concluded to make it their home ; and Seneca R. Y. Day and others settled in what is now Miller County, in 1815. About 1819, A. J. Lindley became a "squatter" near the mouth of the Big Tavern Creek, but where he came from or where he went to, tradition fails to inform us. About* 1 821 Wm. and Boyd Miller settled on or near Spring Garden Prairie in the north-east portion of the county (then How- ard). Boyd Miller died there some years ago, but William is still living, a venerable and respected " pioneer." These were followed by Samuel Richardson, Maston Burris, John Brockman, Isaac Bass and Hugh Challes, all of whom made settlements on the Osage River between 1828 and 1833. John Wilson and his family settled on Tavern Creek about 1822. The first winter he, with his wife and children, camped in what is still known as Wilson's Cave, situated 30 feet above the bottoms of Tavern Creek, near the mouth of Barren Fork. He was known in the neighborhood as ''Uncle Jack," and his wife as "Aunt Nellie." Testimonials of this unpretending pioneer's real worth are recorded by one of his con- temporaries in language too sincere to be omitted. This old neighbor says of Mr. Wilson : " He fed the hungry, visited the sick and clothed the naked." He died in 1857 at the residence of John Brumley, and in accordance with his expressed wish, his body was placed in a coffin which he had prepared 15 years before, and entombed in a little cave to the right of the one in which he had once lived. The mouth of this natural sepulchre was then walled up and cemented. He left directions that at his burial, a good dinner, " with something to wash it down," should be furnished to those who attended, all of which was done. 366 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL The settlers experienced no trouble from Indian depredations, as but few Indians remained here at the dates above referred to, but among those who did remain, "Joe Munsey " was most prominent, having served under Jackson at the battle of New Orleans. This county, named in honor of ex-Gov. Miller, was organized Feb. 6th, 1837, that part lying north of the Osage being taken from Cole County, and that part lying south of the river from Pulaski. In its early settle- ment there were no mills nearer than 30 or 40 miles, and groceries were packed from Jefferson City, and paid for in peltries, furs and venison hams. The county was not the scene of any important battles during the late Civil War, but was continually overrun by bushwhacking and marauding bands, and lost many valuable citizens and much property. Traces of those troubled times are still preceptible. Physical Features. — The surface varies in elevation from 40 or 50 to over 600 feet above the level of the Missouri at the mouth of the Osage, the lowest portion being in the valley of the latter stream. Near the Osage and its larger tributaries the country is generally very broken and rocky, excepting immediately in the valleys ; but further back, slopes usually become more gentle, with fewer exposures of rock, until we reach the richer districts, more remote from streams, where the surface is comparatively level or slightly undulating. The largest stream is the Osage River, which passes diagonally through the county near the middle, in a north-easterly direction. Being naviga- ble for small steamboats at high water as far up as Osceola, in St. Clair County, it is of much value to the county as an outlet for its surplus pro- ducts, and for the return of such freights as the trade of the interior demands. Its principal accessions from the north are through Little Gravois and Saline Creeks and their numerous tributaries ; also Jim Henry, Cub and Little Tavern Creeks ; from the south. Bear, Dog, Cat-tail, Coon, Pan- ther, Humphrey and Lick Creeks ; its largest tributary is Tavern, which flows in a devious course from the south-east corner of the county north- wardly, debouching near the north-eastern boundary ; of its numerous tributaries. Barren Fork is the largest coming from the south-west, and from the south-east it is augmented by Fork of Tavern, Sandstone, Bolin and Little Tavern Creeks, besides various smaller Branches from both the east and west. The northern part of the county is well watered by South Fork of Moreau, Blyth's Fork of Moreau and East Branch of Brush, and the south-west by Grand Auglaize and its numerous tributaries. In addition to the many clear streams, fine, never-failing springs abound in all parts of the county, many of these affording extra- ordinary quantities of water of great value for driving machinery, as they generally continue to flow independent of rains or drouth, and their MILLER COUNTY. 367 temperature being from 58° to 62°, of course they never freeze. Some of these large springs are now utilized as water power. This country is well supplied with fine timber of various kinds. The prairie land is of small extent, nearly all of which is located on the high country in the north-western townships. Some portions, however, south of the Osage, partake, more or less, of the character of prairie, the trees being so scattering as to allow a dense growth of tall grass over the high country and along the slopes. In the valleys of Osage River, and Auglaize and Tavern Creeks, as well as in those of nearly all the streams of any extent, there is a fine growth of large timber. It generally consists of red, burr, and black oak, American and red elm, white and black walnut, sugar and soft maple, ash, sycamore, hickory, honey locust, hackberry, bass- wood, cherry, buckeye, etc. In the district known as the "Big and Little Rich Woods," in the southern part of the county, the large growth of timber is not everywhere confined to the valleys, but at many places extends over the higher coun- try. In the valleys of the Osage and those of all the other streams, there is a rich alluvial soil, and in the higher districts are also areas of consid- erable extent, of fine arable lands, especially in the north-western and south-eastern townships. In the latter locality is " Big and Little Rich Woods," and in these the soil is of excellent quality, and the growth of timber larger than in much of the surrounding country. On the north side of the Osage, in the region of Pleasant Mount and Rocky Mount, on the high divide between the streams flowing north- eastward to the Moreau, and those flowing to the Osage on the south, there is a fine district of good land. In various other parts of the county there are smaller areas of good land, and even those districts too hilly and rocky for the plow, are admirably adapted to stock-grazing and grape-culture. There are several caves in the county, the largest of which is on the Big Tavern Creek, in the bluff near its confluence with the Osage River. The entrance is about 25 feet square, and 30 to 40 feet above the river in a solid limestone blufl", and is reached by means of a ladder, but as yet it has been only partially explored. During the late Civil War it was used as a safe retreat by the " bandit " Crabtree. The stalactite formations are of weird and strange appearance, some of them looking like colossal images of marble, and the whole effect by torch-light is solemn if not awful, so strong is the resemblance of these natural formations to the work of the sculptor's hand. Further up the stream are two other large caves, but little explored. One is used by a German as a brewery. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, rye, oats, tobacco, potatoes, beans, etc. Hay of a very fine quality, clover, timothy, red-top and hungarian, is grown with great success, and meadows are becoming very extensive. 368 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL Among fruits, apples, peaches, pears, cherries and plums are raised very successfully. Vineyards are few in number, but very productive. There is considerable Government Land in the county, but most of it is of inferior quality. The Mineral Resources are varied and rich. Lead\i2& been known to exist in different parts of iL^ county for a great many years, attracting but little attention until 1869-70. In the latter year, H. A. Cugwin erected the Pioneer Furnace on Saline Creek, 4 miles n. e. of Tuscumbia. Soon afterwards, Messrs. Johnston, Durbin and Blackburn erected the Buckeye furnace, a mile further north-west. These furnaces smelted a large amout of ore obtained from mines opened along the creek. In 1873, W. A. Hackney discovered on his farm a lead mine, which he is working profitably. The lead deposits seem to be principally on the north side of the Osage, though it is found in small quantities on the south side of the river, and in other localities on the waters of Auglaize Creek. Large deposits of hematite and specular iron have been known to exist in this county since 1836. In 1857 Charles Semple, an enterprising gentle- man of St. Louis, selected iron lands near and south of Tuscumbia, but died before he could develop them ; they had been developed sufficiently, however, to show their immense richness. In 1872, iron was discovered near the south-east corner of the county, but has not been worked. The South Western Iron Company, in 1873, "^^.r this locality developed some very rich banks, reporting one seam of at least 18 feet in thickness. Bitu- minous coal is found near the iron banks in the south-eastern part of the county. T. D. Garner struck the second vein 60 feet below the surface, and 12 feet in thickness. Manufacturing Interests. — There are two smelting furnaces in the county, one on Big Saline Creek, about 4 miles north from Tuscumbia, the other about one mile above, on the same stream and near the Great Sulphur Spring ; also several grist and saw-mills, two carding machines and a wool factory. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;$2, 100,000.* The Exports are cattle, horses, mules, sheep, hogs, hides, pork, bacon, wheat, oats, tobacco, potatoes, apples, peaches, iron ore and lead, the first and last named being the principal items. Educational Interests. — Public schools are very generally organized and well attended. There are 53 sub-districts, some have six months and all four months school in each year. In Pleasant Mount and Tuscumbia fine brick school-houses have been erected, and in the former town a graded school is established 10 months in the year. Bliss, a post-office 16 miles w. of Tuscumbia. A church near is known as the Blue Spring Church. ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, 1^1,876,992. Taxation, Ji.oo per |ioo. The county is out of debt. MILLER COUNTY. 369 Brumley, (Mill Creek, Thompson's Store,) 12 miles south of Tuscum- "bia, contains i general store. Fair Play, an old store-house on the Osage River ^ mile above St. Elizabeth. Iberia, (Oakhurst,) 10 miles from Crocker its nearest railroad station, and 16 miles s. e. of Tuscumbia, was settled in 1856, is located in a wealtliy district, and contains a church, Masonic hall, 4 stores and i sad- dler shop. Little Gravois, a post-office 8 miles w. of Tuscumbia. Locust Mound, 12 miles n. of Tuscumbia near Spring Garden, where there is a seminary, contains i general store. Pleasant Farm, a post-office 6 miles s. e. of Tuscumbia. Pleasant Mount, 12 n. n. w. of Tuscumbia, was laid out by Andrew Burris in 1838 and incorporated in 1869. It is a prairie town, and sur- rounded by one of the wealthiest and most enterprising farming sections of the county. In the town and vicinity are 5 churches — i Congrega- tional, 2 Christian, i Baptist, i M. E. Ch. and a good public school. The Miller County Agricultural and Horticultural Society hold their meetings here and are well attended. There is in the place i wool card- ing and I flouring mill, 2 hotels, 7 stores, 2 wagon and i saddler's shop, .a Masonic hall and Odd Fellows hall. Population, about 200. Rocky Mount, 20 miles w. n. w. of Tuscumbia, is situated between the breaks of the Osage River and the Prairie, and contains i store. St. Elizabeth, on the south bank of the Osage River 18 miles below Tuscumbia, was laid out by Owen Riggs in 1869, and has i store and a Catholic church, the only one in the county. Population, about 60. TUSCUMBIA, the county seat, beautifully located on the north bank of the Osage River, 35 miles s. w. of Jefferson City, is the first settled place in the county. The town was laid out on land donated to the -county in 1837 by J, B. Hanson; it was incorporated in 1856, and has a population of about 200. The business houses fill up the narrow bottom between the river and the hills, which rise nearly 200 feet, affording fine sites for residences and public buildings, the court-house occupying one of the most commanding. The town contains a good public school, 3 stores, I saw and grist-mill, i carpenter, i saddler and i wagon shop, 1 livery stable, i newspaper — The Vidette, published by R. Goodrich, and several small business houses, Mr. Burd Bass is said to have felled the first tree on the ground where Tuscumbia now stands. Ulman's Ridge, a post-office 8 miles south of Tuscumbia. MISSISSIPPI COUNTY, In the most eastern portion of the State, opposite the mouth of the Ohio River, is bounded north by Scott County and the Mississippi River which separates it from Illinois, east and south by the Mississippi River which separates it from Kentucky, and west by New Madrid and Scott Counties, and contains 253,440 acres. Population in 1850, 3,123; in i860, 4,859; in 1870, 4,982, of whom 4,063 were white, and 919 colored; 2,692 male, and 2,290 female; 4,797 native (2,138 born in Missouri), and 185 foreign. History.— The American State papers relate that John Johnson settled at Bird's Point, opposite Cairo, Aug. 6th, 1800, by virtue of a grant from Henry Peyroux, commandant under the Spanish Government, but authorities conflict, and it seems doubtful to whom belongs the honor of making the first settlement in this county. Andrew Ramsey, of Henderson County, Kentucky, and his sons, John, Andrew and James, located at the present site of Norfolk in 1800. These men were ''mighty hunters," and delighted to contest with both the red men and the wild beasts the possession of the soil. The following year Edward Mathews, from Lexington, Ky., settled with his wife and son on the prairie which still bears his name, one mile east of the present town of Charleston. The son, Edward N. Mathews, was the first magistrate in the new settle- ments, and in 1808, performed the first marriage ceremony which took place there, the parties being Absalom McElmurry and Elizabeth Gray. From 1802 until 1805, Charles Gray, Joseph Smith, John Weaver and Geo. Hacker, with their families, located on Mathews Prairie, and Mr. James Lucas on a bend in the river, since known as Lucas' Bend. In 1808, Abraham Bird, who, with his 4 sons, had in 1795 removed from Virginia to Cairo, began to make improvements at a point opposite on the Missouri shore, known still as Bird's Point. For 50 years this was the home of Mr. John Bird, and is now the property of his son, Mr. Thompson Bird. Abraham Hunter made a permanent settlement in 1804. When the Cairo & Fulton R. R. was opened, July 4th, 1859, the old gentleman, who had resided in the county for 55 years, was gratified by seeing his own name, "Abraham Hunter," blazoned upon the loco- motive. He greeted its arrival in a short and appropriate speech, in which he said it was the proudest day of his life, and closed with these words : "May this iron horse survive to slake his thirst from the waters of the Pacific." In 1812, Newman Beckwith and his four sons, from Virginia, all enterprising men, settled and cultivated extensive farms at different points along the river from Norfolk to the foot of Wolf s Island, 372 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL and in 1815, Absalom McElmurry and family settled at Mathews Prairie. Of these, two sons are still living, the Hon, Thos. Scott and Absalom, the former being the oldest living inhabitant who was born in the county. Other early settlers whose families or descendants still reside in the county, were the Rushes, Stanleys, Dysons, Kennedys, Moores, Crenshaws and Swanks. The county was organized Feb. 14th, 1845, ^^om a part of Scott. From this time for nearly 20 years the county enjoyed uninterrupted pros- perity, growing steadily in population and wealth, but from the commence- ment of the late Civil War, her soil was alternately overrun and devastated by both armies. It was here, near the town of that name, that the battle of* Belmont was fought, noted less for its importance than for being the first decided encounter along the Mississippi River. Much of the time during the war, the county was occupied by soldiers, and the people suffered the consequences of such occupancy. Since its close, prosperity has returned, and by the united efforts of the citizens the county has assumed her former place. Physical Features. — Having a river front of 75 miles, and being intersected by numerous bayous, the county consists mainly of bottom lands, which are very rich and productive. The surface is drained by a number of lakes, ponds and bayous, chief among which are St. James Bayou, Ten Mile, Four Mile, and Eagle Ponds and Cypress Lake. There are a great number of the so-called Indian Mounds scattered over the county. The land is heavily timbered, principally with cotton- wood, black walnut, black and honey locust, white, red, black, burr, chinquapin and post oak, sugar maple and maple, hickory, mulberry, cof- fee-bean, sweet and black gum, pecan, persimmon, papaw and dogwood. There are also extensive cypress groves which are a striking feature in the topography of the county. There are 3 small prairies in the county, Mathews, north of the center, and Long and East Prairies in the western part, averaging 4 to 6 square miles each, and occasionally inter- spersed with groves of timber. The soil is warm, rich and sandy, well adapted to vegetables and fruits of all kinds, as well as grains. Agricultural Productions. — Corn is the staple, yielding from 40 to 100 bushels per acre. Barley, oats and rye do well, also sorghum, castor beans, tobacco, timothy and the coarser grasses. Cotton grows well for the latitude, producing from 400 to 500 pounds to the acre. Wheat succeeds on the prairies. Hemp and tobacco are cultivated only to a limited extent, the objection being that they grow too rank. Veg- etables sometimes attain an almost fabulous size. Peaches, apples, pears, quinces and the smaller fruits all succeed remarkably. The Cairo, Arkansas & Texas R. R. has about 10,000 acres of good land in this county, which they offer for sale on liberal terms.* *For full particulars, terms, prices, etc., see Appendix. MISSISSIPPI COUNTY. 373 The Manufacturing Interests are confined to a few saw and grists mills. Wagons, buggies and farm implements are manufactured in Charleston on a small scale. Wealth.— Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $4,125,000. Railroads.— The St. Louis & Iron Mountain R. R. has 21 miles of track in the county, and the Cairo, Arkansas & Texas R. R. 17 miles, total 38 miles. The Exports.- Corn is the principal one, but cotton, pecans, pota- toes and other vegetables, and walnut lumber are also exported. The Educational Interests.— Increased attention is being paid to education. There are already 30 schools in the different sub-districts, of which 4 are for colored children, besides a few select schools. Belmont, the so«th-eastern terminus of the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 195 miles from St. Louis, is situated on the Mississippi River, and was named in honor of Auguste Belmont of New York. It has i hotel, 2 stores, 2 public schools and i M. E. Church. Population, about 300. Bertrand, on the C. A. & T. R. R. 5 miles w. of Charleston, laid out in 1859 by Col. H. J. Deal, contains i store, i hotel, i church— M. E., and I public school. Population, about 100. Birdville.— See Greenfield. CHARLESTON, the county seat and principal town in the county, on Mathews Prairie, at the junction of the St. L. & I. M. R. R. with the C. A. & T. R. R., II miles s. w. of Cairo, 111., and 178 miles s. e. of St. Louis, was laid out in 1837 by Joseph Moore, J. L. Moore and Wesley P. Bar- nard, and incorporated in 1856. It is a very thriving place surrounded by a fine and well settled agricultural country, and contains 12 stores, i grist- mill, 3 hotels, a jail costing $9,000, 3 churches— M. E. Ch. South, Catho- lic and Baptist, aggregate value about $15,000, i public school with 130 pupils, I good private school— the Charleston Academy, and ji news- paper— r^^ Courier, published by H. C. Underwood. Population, about 1,000. Greenfield, (Birdville,) on the C. A. & T. R. R. opposite Cairo, with which it is connected by ferry, and 10 miles e. n. e. of Charleston, is a new village containing i hotel, i general store and I livery stable. Population, about 40. Henson, a station on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 8 miles s. e. of Charleston. Houghs, a station on the C. A. & T. R. R. 6 miles e. n. e. of Charleston. James Bayou, (St. James,) on the Mississippi River, at the mouth of St. James Bayou, 20 miles s. of Charleston, has 2 stores, i hotel, i steam and saw-mill and i public school. Populaiion, about 75. •Assessed valuation in 1873, 11,500,000. Taxation, jSi. 35 pe>- •too. Floating debt, |20.ooo. 374 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. Norfolk, on the Mississippi River, 7 miles by river s. of Greenfield, the oldest settled town in the county, has i store and i public school, and a population of about 50. St. James. — See James Bayou. Texas Bend, in Tywappity Bottom, 5 miles n. e. of Charleston, inhabited chiefly by Germans, has i church — Catholic, and i public school. Population, about 150. "Wolf Island, on the Mississippi River 8 miles below Belmont, has a dry goods stores, 2 warehouses and a seminary. MONITEAU COUNTY, In the central part of the State, is bounded north by Cooper County and the Missouri River, which separates it from Boone, east by Cole, south by Miller and Morgan, and west by Morgan and Cooper, and contains 262,443 acres. Population in 1850, 6,004; in i860, 10,124; in 1870, 11,375, of whom 10,496 were white, and 879 colored ; 5756 male and 5619 female ; 10,203 native, (6,912 born in Missouri) and 1,172 foreign. History. — ^The early settlers were chiefly from Kentucky and Ten- nessee. Among the first who came were John Inglish, Thomas Smith, Vivian Alexander and others. Later, many thrifty Germans, attracted by the advantages offered for fruit-growing, settled in the county. Moniteau, doubtless a corruption of Manito, the Indian name for the Deity, was organized from Cole and Morgan, Feb. 14th, 1845. The old counties bitterly opposed the formation of a new one, and this was not accomplished until after a ten years' struggle, and then only by tack- ing it to an "Omnibus Bill," forming sixteen new counties. During the late Civil War portions of both armies passed and repassed through Moniteau, but only one slight skirmish occurred, at California in Oct. 1864, during Gen. Price's raid. Physical Features. — The eastern, central and a portion of the north- ern part of the county is woodland with a light soil, excepting the bot- toms and flats, where it is deep and rich. The southern, western and part of the northern portion is productive, rolling prairie, with some fine groves of timber. The bottom lands of the Missouri, Moniteau, Moreau and smaller streams are inexhaustible in richness. The chief streams are Little Saline, Splice, Moniteau, North Moreau, Clifty, Har- ris, Big Branch, Straight Fork, Smith's Fork, Willow Fork and Burris' Fork. Good water is found by digging from 10 to 35 feet, and there are numerous fine springs ; several of these, in the south-eastern part of the county, afford excellent water power. Timber is abundant, and con- sists of the various kinds of oak, white and black walnut, hickory, elm, maple and sycamore. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn,"oats, flax, tobacco and potatoes. Some barley is raised ; also rye, hemp, broom-corn, sweet potatoes, buckwheat and beans. The grasses are cultivated largely, and improved breeds of stock have been introduced. Great attention is paid to raising fine mules, and sheep-raising receives some attention. Fruits succeed well, especially the grape. 376 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. The Mineral Resources are confined chiefly to coal and lead, and'. a few large deposits of barytes. From present developments the coal appears to be in " pockets." The largest of these yet discovered is about 14 miles south-west of California, where a fine article of cannel coal, veined with lead, is being mined. A mine 2^ miles south-east of Tipton yields an excellent bituminous coal, large quantities of which are shipped from Tipton. There are several coal mines in the vicinity of California, which are being profitably worked. The High Point Lead' Mines — a circular "chimney" about 180 feet in diameter, near the vil- lage of High Point — were profitably worked about 20 years ago. Of late years they have lain idle, but they have recently been leased, and mining operations will soon be commenced. The West Mines, 7 miles, south-south-east of California, have been profitably worked for 5 years, and there are several other points where lead is found in paying quan- tities. Excellent potters* clay is found 3 miles west of California. The Manufacturing Interests consist of i paper mill, located on Moreau Creek 3 miles south of California, 5 steam flouring-mills, several saw, 2 carding and i flax-mill. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $7,000,000.* Railroads. — The Missouri Pacific R. R. passes through the central part of the county from east to west, having 26 miles, and the Boonville Branch from Tipton north, having 2 miles of track. The Osage Valley & Southern Kansas R. R. is projected south from Tipton, and is graded about 40 miles, 7 miles of which are in Moniteau County. The Exports are live stock, flax seed, flour, wool, com, rye, oats- and lead. Educational Interests. — There are more than 80 comfortable school buildings, and the public school system is growing in favor. CALIFORNIA, the county seat, surrounded by an excellent farm- ing country, is situated near the center of the county, on the M. P. R. R., 150 miles from St. Louis, and was laid off in 1845, ^^^ ^' ^"^^^ called Boonsborough. It was incorporated Nov. 14th, 1857, and con- tains an excellent court-house, i handsome public school building, whick cost 1^23,000, 4 churches — Baptist, Methodist, German Lutheran and German Reformed, i bank and 3 steam flouring-mills. Population, about 1,600, of whom a large proportion are Germans. Clarksburgh, (Moniteau Station,) on fhe M. P. R. R., 6 miles w. of California, has i machine shop, i Union church, i furniture and agri- cultural implement manufactory. Population, about 200. High Point, 12 miles s. of California, has 2 churches — Methodist and Presbyterian, i good school-house and a flax-mill. Population, about 300. •Assessed valuation in 1873, ^3,589,515. Taxation, ^.95 per ;^ioo. No debt. MONITEAU COUNTY, 377 Highland. — See McGirks. Jamestown, 11 miles n. n. e. of California, is a thriving village, having a population of about 300. It has 2 churches — i public school, I steam flouring and saw-mill, and i carding machine. McGirks, (Highland,) a station on the M. P. R. R., 6 miles e. of California. Magnolia, a post-office 8 miles s. s. w. of California. Sandy Hook, a landing on the Missouri River, 12 miles n. e. of California. Tipton, at the junction of the Boonville Branch with the M. P. R. R., 162 miles from St. Louis, is surrounded by a fine country, and has 4 churches — Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist and Catholic, and i bank. It is an important shipping point, and is the terminus of the pro- jected O. V. & S. K. R. R. It has twice, in 1867 and 1873, suffered by- fire. Population, about 900. MONROE COUNTY, In the north-east-central part of the State, is bounded north by Shelby and Marion, east by Ralls, south by Audrain and west by Randolph and Shelby Counties, and contains 422,455 acres. Population.— In 1840, 9,505 ; in 1850, 10,541 ; in i860, 14,785 ; in 1870, 17,149, of whom 15,144 were white, and 2,005 colored; 9,014 male, and 8,135 female ; 16,624 native (10,601 born in Missouri,) and 525 foreign. History. — The first white settlers in what is now Monroe County were two families named Smith, two named Wittenburger, and one named Gil- let, who came in 1819, the first from Tennessee, the latter from some of the Eastern States, and settled on the North Fork of Salt River in the north-eastern part of the county. Monroe was organized from Ralls County, January 6th, 1 831, at which time it contained several thousand inhabitants, principally settlers from Kentucky, Virginia and the Eastern States. During the first two years of the Civil War, the Confederates occupied the county, and several slight skirmishes occurred. After this, the Fede- rals held possession until the surrender. Physical Features. — The country near the streams is hilly, elsewhere it is about equally divided between rolling prairie and timber lands. Along the streams are fertile bottom lands. The soil is a clayey loam, • and, except on the bluffs and breaks of the streams, it is rich and produc- tive. The prevailing rock is limestone. The county is well watered by Salt River and its tributaries, chief of which are Lost Branch, Reese's Fork, Elk Fork, Flat Creek, Middle Fork and Crooked Creek, affording in the eastern portion abundant power for flouring and saw-mills. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats, rye, tobacco and fruits, nearly every farm having an orchard which yields generously. Blue grass grows spontaneously, and is a very important item since this is one of the principal stock counties of the State, improved breeds of cattle, horses, hogs and sheep, being well represented. About one-twentieth of the county is not susceptible of cultivation, but not over one-eighth of the arable land is being worked. The Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R, Co. have about 1,000 acres of good land for sale in this county. Land is worth from $2 to ;g2o per acre, according to quality, location and state of improvement. Mineral Resources. — Bituminous coal of good quality is abundant in nearly every township of the county save the northern tier, but no efforts 38o • CAMPBELL'S GAZE T TEE Ji OE MISSOURL have been made at mining except where it lies near the surface. Red hematite ore, which has been found about 3 miles west of Paris and near Madison, is said to exist in paying quantities, and a sample of the same inspected at St. Louis, is pronounced to contain 85 per cent, of pure iron. A good quality of potters' clay is found in many places. The Manufacturing Interests are confined to agricultural imple- ments, wagon and plow manufactories, saw and grist-mills and woolen factories. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^10,550,000.* Railroads. — The Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R., (late Hannibal & Missouri Central,) passes through the county entering at the north-eastern corner, and has 40^ miles of track. The Hannibal and St. Joseph R. R. has 4j^ miles in the north-eastern part of the county. The projected line of the St. Paul, Keosauqua & St. Louis R. R. passes across the eastern part of the county, and when completed will have about 30 miles of road. The railroad debt is ^250, 000, which is mostly held by citizens of the county. These bonds are eagerly sought at par, accrued interest added. They have never been contested. The Exports are principally wheat, corn, oats, horses, cattle, mules, hogs, sheep and tobacco. Educational Interests. — The county is divided into 22 districts, and these into no sub-districts. Paris has a fine school building erected in 1869, at a cost of ^11,000. Monroe City, Madison and other towns also have good school buildings. The school-houses of the sub-districts are good and substantial, many of them being new and all paid for. The public school fund, arising from the sale of the i6th sections of Gov- ernment Land and other sources, is $106,000. This fund cannot be used for any other purpose. It is invested in bonds and mortgages on real estate, bearing 10 per cent, interest. The official reports show this county to be third in the educational statistics of the State. Austin, a station on the M. K. & T, R. R. 4 miles n. e, of Paris. Clapper, on the M. K. &T. R. R. 16 miles n. e. of Paris, was settled in 1870, and has i store. Population, about 30. Clinton, (formerly Somerset,) 12 miles n. n. e. of Paris, 6 miles w. from Clapper and 5 miles s. of Lakenan, Shelby County, was settled in 1840, and contains 2 potteries. Population, about 30. Elizabethtown. — See Indian Creek. Elliottsville, on the Paris and Hannibal wagon road, at the crossing of the North Fork of Salt River, 10 miles n. e. of Paris, was settled in 1842. Population, about 15. Evansville, (Mill Grove,) on the M. K.;& T. R. R., 17 miles west of Paris, was settled in 1870. Population, about 30. ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, ^5,352,6io. Taxation, J1.45 per Jioo. Bonded debt, ^250,000. Floating debt, f 19,800. MONROE COUNTY. 381 Florida, 12 miles east of Paris, on the line of the proposed St. P., K. & St. L. R. R., 6 miles s. e. of Stoutsville, was settled in 1831. Plat of town in Recorder's Office, book A, page 4, was the first plat recorded in the county. It is pleasantly located on the divide between North and South Fork of Salt River, ^ of a mile from their confluence, and was once a very flourishing town, and competed with Paris for the county seat. It has now 4 stores, 2 wagon shops, 2 water saw and grist-mills, I church — M. E. ch. South, worth $700, and i public school. Population, about 150. The humorist, Mark Twain, was born here. Granville, 9 miles n. w. of Paris and 8 miles south of Shelbina, on the H. & St. J. R. R., has 2 stores, i steam flouring-mill, i wagon shop, I public school and 2 churches — Methodist and Christian. Popu- lation, about 75. Hollyday, on the M. K. & T. R. R., 6 miles west of Paris, has i store. Indian Creek, (Elizabethtown,) on the Paris and Hannibal wagon road, 16 miles n. e. of Paris and 3 miles e. of Clapper, was settled in 1836, and has i wagon shop, 2 stores, i public school and i church — Catholic, costing ^2,500. Population, about 80. Long Branch, is a post-office 10 miles s. s. e. of Paris. Madison, on the M. K. & T. R. R., 12 miles west of Paris, settled in 1836 by James R. Abernathy, contains 6 stores, i school and 2 churches Methodist and Christian. Population, about 200. Middle Grove, 18 miles w. s. w. of Paris and 4 miles s. of Evans- ville, settled in 1830, contains i steam flouring-mill, i wagon shop, 4 stores, I public school and 2 churches — Presbyterian and Christian. Population, about 250. Mill Grove. — See Evansville. Monroe City, on the H. & St. J. R. R. 20 miles n. e. of Paris, is situated on a high, rolling prairie in the extreme north-eastern corner of the county. It was laid out in 1857, though improved but little until the close of the late war, was incorporated April i6th, 1869, and contains I steam flouring-mill with improved machinery, i agricultural implement and I coach and wagon factory, about 25 stores, 2 hotels, 2 livery stables, 2 harness shops, 4 churches — Episcopal, Presbyterian, Baptist and Christian — aggregate value, ^20,000. The Methodists worship in the Presbyterian church. There is i female institute with a fine brick building, I male and female academy and i male academy ; also a public school. The surrounding country is well adapted to stock-raising, and this is an important shipping point for cattle, hogs and sheep. Popula- tion, about 900. PARIS, the county seat, on the M., K. & T. R. R. 41 miles w. of Hannibal, and near the center of the county, is finely located on the south bank of Middle Fork of Salt River. It was settled in 1831 by J. 382 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL C. Fox, incorporated Nov. 19th, 1855, and contains a three-story stearc flouring-mill, built in 1867 at a cost of ^15,000, which has all the modern improvements, a three-story steam woolen factory, built in 1865, costing $12,000, 2 plow and wagon factories, about 32 stores, 2 saddler's shops, 3 hotels, I bank, 2 livery stables and i marble cutter. The court-house, occupying a square near the business center of the town, is a large and commodious brick structure, one of the best in north- eastern Missouri. It was built in 1866, and cost $50,000. There are 6 churches — Presbyterian, Christian, 2 Baptist and 2 Methodist — aggregate value, $23,000, and i public school building erected in 1869, ata cost of $11,000, which has 250 pupils and employs 5 teachers. The fair grounds of the Monroe County Agricultural Association are located here. The Masonic hall, erected in 1872, and costing $8,000, is a handsome three-story brick building. The I. O. O. F. also have a fine two-story building. All of the public streets are macadamized. Paris has 2 weekly newspapers — The Mercury, Bean, Mason & Co., pub- lishers, and the Appeal, Anderson & Blanton, publishers. Population, about 1,200. Santa Fe, 15 miles s. e. of Paris, first settled in 1825, contains i steam saw and grist-mill, 2 stores, i public school and 2 churches — Methodist and Christian — valued at $3,000. Population, about 90. Somerset. — See Clinton. Stoutsville, on the M. K. & T. R. R. 12 miles north-east of Paris, was settled in 1870, and contains i flouring-mill, i wagon shop and 2 stores. Population, about 70. S^vitzler, a post-office 1 1 miles s. w. of Paris. Welch, a post-office 10 miles s. w. of Paris. Woodlawn, 16 miles n. w. of Paris and 10 miles from Clarence on the H. & St. J. R. R., has i store. Population, about 20. MONTGOMERY COUNTY, In the eastern part of the State, is bounded noith by Audrain and Pike Counties, east by Lincoln and Warren, south by Warren and the Mis- souri River— which separates it from Gasconade, and west by Callaway and Audrain Counties, and contains 327,129 acres. Population in 1820, 3,074; in 1830, 3,902; in 1840, 4,37^ '> i^ 1850, 5,489; in i860, 9,718; in 1870, 10,45°; of whom 9,466 were white and 939 colored; 5,272 male and 5,133 female; 9,647 native (6,272 born in Missouri,) and 758 foreign. History. — ^The first settlements in this county were made early in 1800 at Loutre Island, and among those who came, were Messrs. Temple, Patton, Gooch, Murdock and Cole. In 1806 or '7, seven or eight In- dians, probably Sacs and Pottawattamies, stole the horses of these settlers and committed sundry depredations. In consequence of this they were pursued by the settlers to the Salt River Prairie. Night coming on, they made an encampment, intending to attack the Indians early the next morning ; but in this they were anticipated by the savages, who made a furious assault upon them in the night. Messrs. Temple, Patton and Gooch were killed at the first onset. Murdock slipped under the bank of Spencer Creek, near by, leaving Cole to contend with the enemy. Two stout Indians closed upon him ; one of them stabbed him from be- hind, near the shoulder, the other encountered him in front. Cole being a very powerful man, wrenched the knife out of the hand of the Indian in front and killed him ; but having to contend against such odds, he sought to make his escape, which he was fortunate enough to succeed in doing, favored, as he was, by the darkness of the night. Having reached home he collected a party of men, and returned to bury the dead. Murdock, not being acquainted with the roads, did not reach home for several days. In the year 181 2 the Rangers were called out, and traversed the county to protect it from the incursions of the Indians. In the spring of 18 13, a party of Sacs and Pottawattamies made an attack on Loutre Lick, where a Mr. Massey had settled. Young Massey, while plowing in the field, was shot by one of them. His sister hearing the report, and seeing the Indian pursuing her brother, blew a horn, and the Indians hearing and mistaking it for the bugle of the Rangers, made off precipitately. In the spring of 181 4 the Sacs and Foxes stole horses from the settlers in the neighborhood of Loutre Island. Some fifteen Rangers, com- manded by Captain James Callaway being out on duty, accidentally fell upon their trail, and followed it. They reached the Indian encampment at the head of Loutre Creek, finding the horses there, but the enemy were 384 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. gone, probably on some other excursion. Taking the horses, they pro- ceeded toward the Island without molestation, until they arrived at the junction of Prairie Fork with Main Loutre. Here Capt. Callaway, for the purpose of relieving some of the men who were driving the horses, requested Lieutenant Riggs to take command of the company and pro- ceed, while he followed in charge of the men guarding the recovered horses. The exchange of command had been made, and the Rangers were crossing the creek. Captain Callaway with the horses being some distance behind, when the latter was fired upon by a body of Indians, numbering eighty or a hundred, who had lain in ambush, and completely invested the passage from a deep ravine to an adjacent steep hill. Cap- tain Callaway, although severely wounded, broke the line of the Indians, in order to join his men in advance, calling to them to form upon the opposite bank of the stream. His order was of no avail, the survivors sought safety in flight, and Callaway, alone and wounded, endeavored to make his escape by swimming his horse over the main creek, but he was again intercepted by the enemy, and being mortally wounded, fell into the stream and expired. His body was afterwards recovered, and buried on the sterile hill-side which had been the witness of his defeat and death. A rough, flat rock, with his name inscribed in rude but leg- ible characters, marks the last resting place of this gallant pioneer. Cal- laway was a son-in-law of Daniel Boone, and one of the leading men of his time in the State. It may be mentioned here that a part of the Cal- laway Rangers made good their retreat to Loutre Island ; the remainder to Wood's Fort. The names of those who fell in the skirmish, were McDermot, Hutchinson, McMillan and Gilmore. This county was organized from St. Charles, Dec. 14th, 1818, and named in honor of Gen. Montgomery, who fell at Quebec. Physical Features. — The central and northern portions of the county consist of beautiful undulating prairies, of great fertility, inter- spersed with strips of timber along the water courses. During the severe winter of 1872-3, observation proved the temperature of this prairie region to be several degrees warmer than the lowlands and timbered country. The extreme southern part of the county, bordering on the Missouri River, consists of rich alluvial bottoms equal in fertility and adaptation for agricultural purposes to any in this section of country. Back of these bottom lands is a range of high limestone bluffs, running parallel with the river through the southern part of the county. These bluffs, which rise in places to the height of 100 feet, make fine building sites, overlooking as they do the river bottoms of the Missouri, while back of them toward the north, are fertile valleys well watered and drained by the Loutre River, its large tributaries, Prairie Fork and Clear Fork, and the smaller streams of Quick and Murdock Creeks, and Dry Fork flowing easterly, and Whip-poor-will and South Bear Creeks flowing MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 385 southerly into Loutre River. The high prairies in the northern and north-eastern parts of the county are well watered, and drained by Coal Creek, which flows southerly into Clear Fork of Loutre, in the western edge of the county, White Oak, Walker, Elkhorn and Brush Creeks in the north-east, and North, Bear and Price's Creeks in the eastern part. Salt licks abound, and there are many fine mineral springs, among which a group of 3 called Loutre Springs, have acquired some local fame for their medicinal properties. In a little valley on South Bear Creek, there is a head-land of singular appearance ; it seems a mass of solid stone, and rises perpendicularly to the height of 100 feet. A shelving path leads on one side up to the summit, where abroad flat stone, covered with lichens and moss, affords the climber an easy seat, and the view of the surrounding country repays for the toil of the ascent. This immovable sentry, that has kept guard for countless ages over the peaceful valley below, has been christened "Pinnacle Rock." One mile and a half from Bluff'ton, there is another singular peak of volcanic formation, which excites interest. Timber is abundant, the varieties being chiefly, black, white, scarlet, red and post oaks, shell-bark and pig-nut hickory, besides black walnut and burr oak, which grow magnificently in the bottoms. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, hay, oats, potatoes, tobacco and stock. Melons, and the fruits common to this latitude, grow luxuriantly, and yield well. Tobacco is largely and profitably grown in the timbered portion of the county. Rye, broom-corn, sorghum and buckwheat are successfully raised. The hill-sides are suited to the culture of the grape, which each year is receiving more attention from fruit- growers, and wine is manufactured i-n considerable quantities. Much interest is manifested by the people in introducing improved breeds of stock. The Mineral Resources are varied, but only partially developed. Coal is found in several localities, but is only mined at one point, Wells- ville, and but sulificiently here to supply the home demand. A fine quality of marble has been discovered near Danville, and indications of iron exist in several localities. Building stone is abundant, also salt and saltpetre. The Manufacturing Interests are yet in their infancy, and consist chiefly of a few flouring and saw-mills, a tobacco manufactory, and the requisite number of blacksmith shops. ^Vealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^9,550,000.* Railroads. — The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W., to which the county donated 550,000, has 28 miles of track in Montgomery County. ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, fe, 170,399. Bonded and floating debt, ^20,000. 386 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL Educational Interests. — Public schools are established in all of the sub-districts, and many of the larger towns have tasteful and substantial school buildings. At Danville, Jonesburgh, New Florence and Wells- ville, there are excellent public high schools. Montgomery College, at Montgomery City, compares favorably with the educational institutions of the West. The Exports are stock — horses, mules, sheep and hogs — tobacco, corn, oats, wheat, hay, fruit and vegetables. Tobacco is the only man- ufactured article exported. Americus, 12 miles s. of Danville, on the Loutre River, contains 3 stores, several shops and a mill. Big Spring, a post-office 9 miles s. s. e. of Danville. Bluffton, in the s. w, part of the county, 2 miles n. of Morrison, situated on the northern bank of the Missouri River, commands a good trade from the adjacent country, and is becoming noted for its grapes and wine. DANVILLE, the county seat, 5 miles w. of New Florence, its jsual railroad station, and 5 miles s. w. of Montgomery City, was founded in 1834 by Judge Ollie Williams, of St. Louis County, and the same year was made the seat of justice, the county records being moved thither from Livingston, which had been the county seat prior to that time. During the late war Danville suffered severely from guerilla attacks. During a raid of Anderson's men, the court-house, containing all the county records, was burned, several prominent citizens killed, and numerous robberies committed. The town contains 4 stores, i mill and several shops. Population, about 350. High Hill, on the St. L. K. C. & N. R. W. 4 miles e. of New Flor- ence, contains 3. general stores and several shops. Population, about 350. Jonesburgh, on the St. L. K. C. & N. R. W. 9 miles e. of New Florence, in the midst of a fine country, is the center of a growing trade. It con- tains 10 stores, I wagon and 2 saddler's shops, 2 lumber yards, i saw mill, I box factory, i hotel and several other business houses. There are several neat churches, and a good high school building. Population about 650. Loutre Island, on the Missouri River, 15 miles s. s. e. of Danville, contains 2 stores and several shops. This is one of the oldest settlements in the county. Middletown, 10 miles n. e. of Wellsville, one of the oldest towns in the county, is surrounded by a good country with which it has quite an important trade. It contains 15 stores, 2 hotels, i carriage manufactory, 2 saddlers, 2 harness makers, 2 cabinet makers, i wool carding mill, a number of shops, several churches and a high school. Population, about 800. Montgomery City, the principal town in the county, on the St. L. MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 387 K. C. & N. R. W. 5 miles n. n. e. of Danville, and 82 miles from St. Louis, does a large trade in country produce and general merchandise. It con- tains 15 stores, 2 lumber yards, i wagon and i saddler's shop, i mill, i bank, i plow manufactory, i livery stable, and i railroad hotel. It is well supplied with churches and good schools. In addition to the public schools and Montgomery College, there is a flourishing parochial school under the supervision of the Catholic church. Population, about 1,300. New Florence, on the St. L. K. C. & N. R. W. 77 miles w. n, w. of St. Louis, is an incorporated town. It contains, besides schools and churches, 13 stores, 2 livery stables, i hotel, i wagon and i saddler's shop, I marble yard and other business houses. Population, about 600. Price's Branch, 6 miles n. of High Hill, contains 4 stores and a livery stable. Peytona, a post-office 7 miles w. s. w. of Montgomery. Rhineland, is a small village 18 miles s. of Danville near the Missouri River, not far from Bluffton. The culture of the grape engrosses, princi- pally, the attention of the people. Stockland, a post-office 12 miles n. e. of Montgomery City. Wellsville, on the St. L. K. C. & N. R. W. 13 miles n. w. of New Florence, has a fine trade with the adjoining country. It has 14 stores, a number of shops, 2 mills and i lumber yard. There are rich deposits of coal in the vicinity of this town. Population, about 700. MORGAN COUNTY, In the central part of the State, is bounded north by Cooper and Moniteau Counties, east by Moniteau and Miller, south by Camden, and west by Benton and Pettis Counties, and contains 372,107 acres. Population, in 1840, 4,407; in 1850, 4,650; in i860, 8,202; in 1870, 8,434, of whom 8,127 were white and 307 colored; 4,297 male and 4,137 female; 7,735 native (5,089 born in Missouri) and 699 foreign. History. — The diversified physical features of this county, its clear water courses skirted by belts of magnificent timber, the great abundance of game, including the buffalo, bear and elk, attracted the attention of settlers at an early day. The Missionary Trail, leading from Jefferson City to Harmony Mission, on the Osage, now in Bates County, passed through the center of Morgan County. The Osage Indians occupied the territory along the river, extending back to the head waters of the Gravois and Buffalo Creeks. The wide prairies, north, east and west of Versailles, were the scene of many an Indian hunt and battle. The early settlements were usually made in the timber near a spring, the prairie being looked upon as a barren desert, fit only for grazing for the buffalo and deer, and a breeding place for venomous reptiles. The county was organized from a part of Cooper, January 5th, 1833. The first circuit court — Hon. David Todd, judge; Thos. G. Davis, clerk; Alfred McCutcheon, sheriff; Robert M. Wells, attorney-general ; and James McFarland, foreman of the grand jury; — was held in June 1833, at the house of Josiah S. Walton, at Millville, now scarcely remembered by the oldest inhabitant. It was located where James' Mill now stands, and consisted of Mr. Walton's grist-mill and dwelling and Wyan & Gal- braith's dry goods store. The old settlers were surely law-abiding citi- zens, as no presentments were made nor indictments found at that or the following term. The first term of the county court, consisting of Zaccheus German, Seth Howard and John B. Fisher, was held in February 1833, and their first act was to appoint Joseph M. Barnard tax collector. December 23d, 1834, the county seat was established at a place to be selected and called Versailles, and Street Thruston appointed commissioner to receive and have charge of the lots donated to the county. It was located near the center of the county, and was laid off and lots sold in 1835. A number of substantial houses were at once erected, the first being the old McClanahan house and the house now on the south-east corner of the 390 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL public square, which was built and long kept for a hotel. During 1836 Mining Port sprang up on the Osage River, at the mouth of the Gra- vois, and promised to become the leading town in the county, but thg great flood in July 1837 utterly destroyed it. In 1841 Ionia was laid out 6 miles north of Versailles, and unsuccessful efforts were made to re- move the county seat to that place, but nothing is now left to mark its existence. Physical Features. — The divide between the waters flowing north- ward into La Mine, and southward into the Osage, runs nearly east and west through the county, a little south of the center, and, in its most elevated part, is 500 to 550 feet above the Osage, and 700 to 750 feet above high-water mark at St. Louis. The surface of this elevated region is a beautiful, gently undulating or slightly rolling prairie. Between the streams flowing south the slopes are at first gentle, then more rolling, and nearer the streams quite hilly. On the larger creeks, and especially nearer the Osage River, it is very broken and hilly. North of the divide, the high, nearly level prairie extends with a slight descent for some distance, but near most of the larger streams the surface is broken and sometimes rocky, though generally less so than on the southern slope. Gravois Creek, with its tributaries, drains the south-east part of the county, while Big Buffalo, Minnas, Buffalo and Proctor Creeks are in the south-west. All of these flow south into the Osage, which forms a part of the south-eastern and south-western boundaries. Flat Creek, which empties into La Mine River near the northern boundary, flows in a tortuous course through the north-west corner, receiving the waters of Haw, Little Haw, Richland, Little Richland and their numerous tribu- tary creeks, which drain the northern slope. Some small head branches of North Moreau rise north and east of Versailles, but flow into Moniteau County before attaining any importance. There are many fine springs, the largest being on the southern slope, some of which are utilized for water power. One, 5 miles north-west of Gravois, discharges about 4,000 gallons of water per minute, drives i wool carding and 2 grist-mills, and is available for twice that power. Most of the southern part of this county is woodland, and contains, especially in the valleys, extensive forests of fine large timber of the best varieties for building purposes. North of Versailles nearly one- third of the county is occupied by prairies ; but they are so distributed with relation to the intervening woodlands that an abundant supply of wood for fuel and timber for the construction of houses, fences, bridges, etc., can always be found at convenient distances. The growth is red, black and burr oak, elm, white and black walnut, sugar and soft maple, ash, sycamore, hickory, basswood, cherry, buckeye, honey locust, etc. In the elevated central and northern portions of the county there are MORGAN COUNTY. 391 large areas of beautiful level or undulating prairie land, possessing a soil scarcely inferior in fertility to that of any uplands in the State. Much of the more elevated forest land of this section is of good quality, especially for the growth of wheat, while in the valleys there is some first-rate bottom land. The southern part, excepting the valleys, is generally too broken and rocky for the plow, but well adapted to stock-grazing and grape-culture. In the valleys and along the more gentle slopes is a fair proportion of good arable land. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, hay, etc. Tobacco is raised easily, and pays well. Fruits are generally abundant, and some attention is given to grape culture and the manufacture of wine, by the German residents. Mineral Resources. — Building stone, sand and stone for lime are abundant. Cannel coal is found within the city limits of Versailles, and I mile east of the town is a large deposit of both this and bituminous coal. Hhe Indian Creek Coal Mines, 10 miles south-east of Versailles, seem to be inexhaustible, and the coal is of fine quality. Lead is found in almost every township, but until 1873, bttle attention was paid to it. About that time the New Granby and Cross Roads Mines were discov- ered 2 miles s. e. of Versailles, and the Marriott Mines, 4 miles south- west, which, in 6 months, yielded over 500,000 pounds of ore. The Buffalo Mines, 10 miles south-west of Versailles, were the next discov- ered, and operations commenced here in September, and in 3 months 196,000 pounds of almost pure galena were taken out of 3 shafts. New discoveries are constantly being made, while in no place is the mineral exhausted. The Gabrielle Mines, worked by the Gabrielle Mining Co., 7 miles north-west of Versailles, yield handsome profits. There are 6 smelting furnaces in the county. The ore is almost pure sulphuret of lead, uucontaminaled by foreign substances, such as cobalt or antimony. It is generally of the kind termed cog mineral, and yields from 72 to 74 per cent, of pig lead. Iron is also found in paying quantities in the southern portion of the ♦county, and everywhere there is an abundant supply of good building stone. Clays suitable for brick occur, especially in the northern and central parts, and most excellent fire brick are made near Versailles. The Manufacturing Interests consist ©f smelting furnaces, woolen, flouring and saw-mills. ^A^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $3,500,000.* Railroads. — The Missouri Pacific Railroad passes through the extreme north-eastern and north-western portions of the county, having 8 miles of road and one station. The Osage Valley & Southern Kansas ♦Assessed valuation in 1872, $2,307,450. Taxation, $2.00 per Jioo. Floating debt, $9,000. Bonded debt, $100,000, which was a subscription to the projected O. V. & S. K. R. R. 392 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL Railroad has 12 miles graded in the county. The Jefferson City & Southwestern Railroad survey also runs through the county. The Exports are principally wheat, corn, cattle, horses, hogs,, hides and lead. The Educational Interests are well attended to. Public schools are established all over the county, and are in good condition. Barnettsville. — See Stone House. Bond's Mines, a post-office 15 miles s. of Versailles. Boyler's Mill, a post-office 15 miles w. s. w. of Versailles. Excelsior, 10 miles n. e. of Versailles, has 3 stores, i flouring- mill and i school-house. Population, about 75. Florence, 13 miles n. w. of Versailles, was located in 1840, and then- called Jonesboro, for a long time it had a brisk trade, but on the com- pletion of the M. P. R. R. this fell away. It has 2 stores and a popu- lation of about 200. Gravois Mills, a post-office 8 miles s. of Versailles. St. Martin's, 8 miles n. of Versailles, on the Versailles and Tip- ton road, has i store. Stone House, (Barnettsville,) 9 miles e. s. e. of Versailles, in the midst of a rich farming country, has 2 stores and about 50 inhab- itants. Syracuse, on the M. P. R. R., 168 miles w. of St. Louis and 20 miles e. of Sedalia, is a growth of the railroad. The first building was erected in 1858 by Mr. Melves. For some time it was the terminus of the M. P. R. R., and quite a little city grew up, but as the road was extended westward business began to decrease, and portions of the town moved with the road. Houses were torn down and shipped westward. It has 3 stores, 2 churches — Methodist and colored Bap- tist, I high school and a population of about 450. Tuckersville, 20 miles s. w. of Versailles, in the extreme southern part of the county, nearly surrounded by the Osage River. VERSAILLES, the county seat 20 miles south of Tipton, is situated on the water-shed' between the Osage and Missouri Rivers. This is to be a place of considerable importance on the completion of the O. V. & S. K. and the J. C. & S. W. Railroads, each of which is partly graded. The town contains a court-house and a few other public buildings, about 15 stores, i church and i high school. Popu- lation, 1,100. NEW MADRID COUNTY, In the south-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Stoddard and Scott Counties, east by Mississippi County and the Mississippi River which separates it from the States of Kentucky and Tennessee, south by Pemiscot and west by Dunklin and Stoddard Counties, and contains 188,421 acres. Population in 1810, 3,165; in 1820, 2,296; in 1830, 2,350; in 1840, 4,554; in 1850, 5,541; in i860, 5,654; in 1870, 6,357, of whom 4,931 were white, and 1,425 colored; 3,380 male, and 2,977 female; 6,274 native (4,019 born in Missouri), and 8^ foreign. History. — About 1780, Francis and Joseph Lesieur, young adven- turers from Three Rivers, Canada East, arrived at St. Louis, and were employed by Mr. Cerr6, a fur trader, to proceed down the river and seek a suitable point for the establishment of a trading house among the Indians. The place affording the greatest advantages was a large Del- aware town, on the present site of New Madrid. They reported this to Mr. Cerre, who sent them back the following year, with a stock of goods suitable for the Indian trade. About this time the Spanish Government asserted its right to control the navigation of the Mississippi River, a claim which the Americans, settled along the Ohio, and in the district of Georgia, strenuously resisted. After much trouble, the free navigation of the river was obtained, and in order to cement this new political union between the western people and the province of Louisiana, extensive land grants were made to Americans on the west bank of the Mississippi, and an American settlement was planned, to be located between the mouth of the Ohio and the St. Francis River. In 1 788, General Morgan, from New Jersey, arrived with a colony, and upon the then beautiful rolling plains, laid off the plat of a magnificent city, which, in honor of the Spanish capital, he named New Madrid. The early French settlers state that the town originally extended 40 arpents along the river, and the back part was contracted to 20 arpents on account of some swamps, while its depth was 16 arpents. It contained 10 streets running parallel to the river, and 18 crossing them at right angles, the former 60 and the latter 40 feet wide. Six squares of 2 arpents each, were laid out and reserved for town parks, and a street 1 20 feet wide, reserved on the bank of the river. But this whole scheme failed, owing to some trouble with the Spanish Government ; nevertheless, an excellent class of people, chiefly French families from Canada, Detroit and Vincennes, gradually came in, and this became one of the most thriving settlements in Louisiana. 394 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. After the Indians were removed by order of the Government, the vast swamps of south-east Missouri, where game of all l^inds abounded, were overrun by white hunters, who eagerly took the place of the red men, and for 20 or 25 years, the fur and peltry _^collection of this region amounted to $80,000 or $90,000 annually. The Indians in this district — mostly Delawares, with a few Creeks and Shawnees — during 1808-9, adopted the same cruel measures that were practiced in Salerti, Massachusetts, for the extermination of witches, and many of the best among them fell martyrs to this cruel and strange infatuation. No less than 50 in 12 months suffe^d a cruel death by the torch. The charges against these unfortunates were based upon the reports of somerwho imagined they had seen an intended victim in the forid of an owl, a panther or some other fowl or beast of the forest. This was enough. The accused was brought forth, tried by three selected criminal judges, and 9 out of 10, at least, were found guilty, and doomed to suffer death by fire. The frenzy and madness of these tribes had reached their height, when it was suddenly checked by the appearance among them of the famous Shawnee Chief, Tecumseh. It may be mentioned here that some near descendants of a sister of Tecumseh, who married Francis Maisonville, are still residents of New Madrid County, as are also many descendants 6f the Delawares. Soon after the close of the American Revolution, some adventurous Virginians and Carolinians pushed westward, and charmed by the great beauty and fertility of this country, settled in Jnd about New Madrid, and the county was growing rapidly in wealth and prosperity, when the calamitous earthquake of i8ii-'i2, which affected not only New Madrid, but also the adjoining counties, extending even into Arkansas and Ten- nessee, dried up the streams or turned them from their wonted channels, submerged the magnificent forests and fertile plains beneath the waters, producing that large area known still as the "sunk land region." The frightened populace fled in every direction, abandoning homes and property in frantic haste and terror, fearful of a recurrence of the horrors. The terrible phenomena are thus described by the late vener- able Godfrey Lesieur, a resident of New Madrid at that time, and an eye-witness of the scene. We copy from the interesting letters of Mr. Lesieur, addressed in 1871 to professor A. D. Hagar, former State Geologist, being a series of replies to inquiries made by the latter gentleman : "The first shock was about two o'clock A. m., on the night of Dec. i6th, 181 1, and was very hard, shaking down log houses, chimneys, etc. It was followed at intervals from half an hour to an hour apart by com- paratively slight shocks, until about 7 o'clock in the morning, when a rumbling noise was heard in the west, not unlike distant thunder, and in an instant the earth began to totter and shake so that no persons were able to stand or walk. This lasted a minute ; then the earth was observed NEW MADRID COUNTY. 395 to be rolling in waves of a few feet in height, with a visible depression between. By and by these swells burst, throwing up large volumes of water, sand and a species of charcoal, some of which was partly covered with a substance, which by its peculiar odor was thought to be sulphur. Where these swells burst, large, wide and long fissures were left, running north and south parallel with each other for miles. I have seen some 4 or 5 miles in length, 4)^ feet deep on an average, and about 10 feet wide. The rumbling noise, waves, etc., appeared to come from the west and travel eastward. After this, slight shocks were felt at intervals until Jan. 7th, 1812, when the country was again visited by an earthquake, equal to the first two in violence, and characterized by the same frightful results. Then it was that the cry, * sauve qui pent / ' arose among the people, and all but two families left the country, leaving behind all their property, consisting of cattle, hogs, horses, and portions of their house- hold effects. These proved a total loss, because adventurers from other parts carried away in flatboats to Natchez and New Orleans all the stock they did not slaughter. I omitted to mention that after the terrible shock of Jan. 7th slight ones were from time to time felt. This lasted until Feb. 1 7th, when another very severe one, having the same effects as the others, visited the country and caused great injury to the land in forming more extensive fissures and making deep lakes high land. "It would be difficult to say with any degree of correctness how high the water, coal and sand were thrown, as the numerous fissures opening were of different sizes, some being 12 to 15 feet wide, and others not more than 4 or 5 feet. I should guess that they were thrown to the height of 6 or 10 feet. " Besides these long and narrow fissures, they were sometimes forced up to a considerable height in an oval or circular form, making large and deep basins, some of them 100 yards across, and deep enough to retain water during the driest season, affording good watering places for stock. /^ "The damaged and up-torn part of the country was not very extensive, embracing a circumference of not more than 150 miles, taking the old town of Little Prairie, now called Caruthersville, as the center. A very large extent of country on either side of White Water, called here Little River, also on both sides of the St. Francis River, in this State and Arkansas, and also on Reelfoot Bayou, in Tennessee, was sunk below the former elevation about ten feet, thus rendering that region of country entirely unfit for cultivation. "It is a remarkable fact, and worthy of notice, that so few casualties occurred during those terrible convulsions. Among the citizens there were but two deaths, both victims being women. One, Mrs. Lafont, died from fright while the earth was shaking and rocking. The other, Mrs. Jarvis, received an injury from the fall of a cabin log, from which she died a few days after. Not so fortunate were the flat-boat men, many 396 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL of whom must have perished, judging from the amount of debris seen floatT ing on the river. "At the time of the second earthquake, in the morning, when the water, sand, etc., were being thrown up, I suggested to my younger brother, Francis, and to a step-brother, Antoine Gambin, that we should try to cross the water and reach if possible a large Indian mound about 3 miles distant. They agreed, and away we went, myself leading, sometimes swimming, sometimes wading, and throwing logs, brush, or any floating substance within our reach, to make temporary bridges across the deep fissures. When we had gone about a mile we heard the voice of a woman hallooing for help. Mrs. Cooper and four children had tried to reach my father's house, but the rising waters compelled her and her children to get on a large sycamore tree, which had fallen, but was above water. We were unable to reach her anci again started for our mound, swimming and wading, till we had reached a small dry spot on the Red Bank Bayou. The water by this time was coming so fast as to induce us to remain where we could wait a while longer. We found a large grape vine running up a tree, which, at about ten feet from the ground, formed an elbow. Up the vine we went and perched ourselves on the crook. There we remained about half an hour, when to our great joy we discovered the waters to be rapidly receding. Soon we returned home, and had the pleasure of finding Mrs. Cooper and children safe. On our return we heard gun reports in all directions. They were hunting for us boys, and the joy was great at home when we returned, for all believed we were lost. " Here I would remark that the water thrown up during the eruptions of the 'land waves' was lukewarm — so warm, indeed, as to produce no chilly sensation while swimming and wading through it. "A circumstance occurred about 10 miles from Little Prairie, on the Pemiscot River, which those who did not see would pronounce fabulous, but there are many living in -the country ready to confirm the truth of the relation about to be given. An old man named Culberson, with his wife and several children, lived on a farm on the bank of the Pemiscot River, which here made a very short crook or elbow, forming a point on the east side nearly in the shape of the letter V. On this point stood Culberson's house, leaving a space between the house and river of about an acre, where stood the well and smoke-house. On the morning of Dec. i6th, 181 1, just after the second hard 'shake' had subsided, Mrs. Culberson started from the house to go to the well for water and to the smoke-house for meat for breakfast, but behold ! no smoke-house or well was to be found. Upon examination, both had gone across the river, and were actually on the opposite side from where they were the evening previous. A canoe was procured to bring the provisions needed, but not the well and smoke-house. This would seem incredible to those not acquainted with the freaks of earthquakes and their actions. NEW MADRID COUNTY. 397 ''Since the earthquakes of 1811-12, similar phenomena have appeared at frequent intervals, though not at all periodically, and seemingly growing less and less every year. No hard shakes have occurred since February, 1812; those felt were similar to those before mentioned, nor have they been violent enough to produce any changes in the surface of the earth, in the country where they had previously spent their greatest force." In Feb. 181 5 an act was passed by Congress for the relief of sufferers by the earthquakes in New Madrid County, but through the ignorance of the people (all mail communication having been stopped) and the dishonesty of sharpers, it afforded but little relief. The same year the great flood added much to the suffering of the already impoverished people. After these horrors, the county recovered but slowly, though something like prosperity had visited it when the Civil War came. During this contest New Madrid shared the fate of her sister counties. Altogether, she has a history of misfortune unequaled by that of any other section of the State — earthquakes, flood, and civil war — but the people, knowing the fertility of the soil and the variety of her productions, look for a brighter future, especially since the building of the Cairo, Arkansas & Texas Railway across her northern border. The citizens of this county have taken an active and prominent part in the affairs of the State. Hon. Robert A. Hatcher, a resident of New Madrid, is now (1874,) representing this congressional district at Wash- ington, D. C. Physical Features. — The county is level, with sufficient declination from north to south and from east to west to be susceptible of drainage. It is watered by lakes and sluggish streams, and some portions are heavily timbered with oaks of different kinds, ash, hickory, walnut, hackberry, boxwood, coffee-bean, black locust, black and sweet gum and cypress. The soil is exceedingly fertile. This and the adjoining coun- ties embrace most of what is termed in the Government surveys as "The Swamp Region." Antiquities. — La Vaga, the historian of De Soto, states that when he visited New Madrid, it bore unequivocal marks of having been an abori- ginal station, still presenting the remains of mounds which abounded with fragments of earthenware. One of these mounds, about 4 miles below New Madrid, was 1 200 feet in circumference and 40 feet in height, level upon the top and surrounded by a ditch several feet deep. It is situated on the margin of a beautiful lake (Brackenridge). Numerous large grinders and mammoth bones, have been found in the edges of the swamps and ponds in this region. Agricultural Productions. — The staples are corn, cattle and hogs. Some attention is given to tobacco, also to wheat and other grains. Peaches, cherries and the smaller fruits yield abundantly. 398 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL The C. A. & T. R. R. has about 4,000 acres of good land in this county which is offered for sale on liberal terms,* The Manufacturing Interests are confined to a few saw and grist- mills, some cotton gins and 2 wagon and carriage shops. "Wealth. — Valuation of the county, per census of 1870, $5, 650, 000. f Railroads. — The Cairo, Arkansas and Texas Railroad passes along the north-western border and has about 4 miles of track in the county. Several other roads are projected. The Exports are corn, wheat, cotton and live stock. The latter are shipped in large numbers to the southern markets. Educational Interests. — Public schools are organized in every sub-district. There are also several private schools, and one academy where boys are fitted for college. NEW MADRID, the county seat, settled in 1780, is situated on an elevated plain above overflow on the Mississippi River, 275 miles by water below St. Louis, 54 miles below Belmont in Mississippi County, and is by land south from Morley and Sikeston in Scott County, respectively 35 and 22 miles. Such have been the encroachments of the river at this point, that the place upon which the original town was laid off is now one and a half miles from its present site, being half a^nile on the other side of the Mississippi River in Kenfjicky. It is regularly built and contains 3 churches — Catholic, Presbyterian and Methodist, i public and 2 private schools, I academy, 2 steam saw and grist-mills, 2 steam cotton gins and presses, a number of shops, about 20 stores, also several warehouses and a commodious wharf-boat for the storage and shipment of grains and cotton. At the beginning of the late Civil War, New Madrid was a military point of some importance, and in connection with Island No. 10, acquired much celebrity. Population, about 700. Point Pleasant, has a good location on the Mississippi River ic miles below New Madrid, and contains an estimated population of 200. Portageville, a post-office 1 7 miles s. w. of New'Madrid. * For full particulars, terms, prices, etc., see Appendix — page f Assessed valuation for 1873, ^1,087,827. Taxation, 95 cts, per $ioo. Bonded debt, j 1,400. Floating debt, 1 1 5, 000. NEWTON COUNTY, In the south-western part of the State, is bounded north by Jasper County, east by Lawrence and Barry, south by McDonald, and west by Indian Territory and Kansas, and contains 400,204 acres. Population in 1850, 2,118; in i860, 5,252; in 1870, 12,821, of whom 12,471 were white, and 350 colored; 6,689 niale, and 6,132 female; 12,545 native (5,326 born in Missouri) and 276 foreign. History. — In 1829, Lunsford Oliver, a native of Tennessee, came from Arkansas, and being the first white settler in what is now Newton County, lived alone, having no neighbor within 40 miles. He located near Shoal Creek, on Oliver's Prairie, Avhich was named in honor of him, and here lived until his death in 1836. The next settlers were Campbell Pure, Blake Wilson, Levi Lee and Carmac Ratcliff, all of whom came from Tennessee in 1831, soon after the arrival of the Cherokees, Creeks and other Indian tribes, in the Indian Territory. They were soon followed by others, among whom John McCord, the founder of Neosho, and Judge M. H. Ritchie, the founder of Newtonia, were prom- inent. A gentleman having the singular name of Frosty Snow, and now (1874) living in the county, was also one of the earliest arrivals. The Indians at first felt great dissatisfaction at their removal from their rich lands in Georgia, and were inclined to feel jealous of the whites; but the richness of the soil, and the abundance of game soon reconciled them to their location, and perfectly friendly relations were almost imme- diately established. At times they crossed the line on hunting expedi- tions, but soon confined themselves to their proper limits. Newton was at that time a part of Crawford County, which embraced territory now divided into some 30 counties. Afterward, it was included in Barry County, until Dec. 31st, 1838, when it was, by act of Legislature, cut off, together with Lawrence and Jasper Counties. In 1854, McDonald County was formed from its southern portion, reducing Newton County to its present limits. At an early day, this country was known as the "Six Bulls," a name given it by the hunters, from the fact that six water- courses run very near each other, which, being fed by never-failing springs, maintained their volume and force throughout the year. In those early days there were no mills in this part of the State, but at nearly every door stood the mortar — so common in all south-western pioneer settlements — in which corn was made into meal, or hominy. Groceries and "store goods" were brought from the river on horseback, over the long and tedious Indian trails. The growth of the county was gradual 400 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL and regular, until the late Civil War, during which Newton County, like the rest of south-western Missouri, was the scene of frequent skirmishes. It was "alternately occupied and plundered by both parties, and finally reduced to an almost uninhabitable condition. Every village was burned, and nearly every "hoof and horn" driven from" the county. Neosho, the county seat, was for a short time, in October 1861, the seat of the Confederate State Government. Gen. Schofield, with a Federal force, defeated Gen. Cooper of the Cenfederates, at Newtonia, in November 1862, and Gen. James G. Blunt defeated Gen. Sterling Price at the same place, in October 1864. No other engagements deserving the name of pitched battles took place in Newt/jn County, although there were many skirmishes. Physical Features. — The face of the county is generally hilly, with about an equal division of timber and prairie, diversified by fertile bottom land. The soil, except on the hill tops, is rich and productive, and the prevailing rock, limestone. The timber is oak, walnut, hickory and other hard woods. The county is abundantly supplied with springs and water- courses. Shoal, Hickory, Lost, Indian Capps and Jones Creeks, besides numerous smaller tributaries, wind through the county, or intersect its borders, furnishing fine water power. The Grand Falls of Shoal Creek, in the north-western part of the county, are renowned for their beauty, and are a place of resort for pleasure parties from the vicinity. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, rye, oats, castor beans, etc. Tobacco of fine quality is raised, and is rapidly becoming a very important production. Fruit is largely grown, and yields well. Large tracts of good land are yet uncultivated, considerable of it being owned by the Agricultural College. The Atlantic & Pacific R. R, Co. have about 124,000 acres of good land in this county which they offer for sale on liberal terms at from ;^5 to $12.50 per acre.* Mineral Resources. — The Newton County Lead Mines are the oldest and, probably, the richest in south-western Missouri. The Granby Mines, discovered in 1855, yielded, up to the commencement of the war, 35,414,014 lbs. of lead; and since that time to May, 1873, 19,675,205 lbs., in addition to large amounts of which no account was kept. The yield is now larger than ever, and 1 1 furnaces, which run night and day, are barely sufficient to smelt the ore. These mines are in and around the town of Granby. Other mines— the Cornwall, township 26, range 2>Z'i ^^^ ^^ Thurnian, township 27, range 33 — have been and are now yielding largely. The Mosely, Cedar Creek, Bowman, Seneca, and other mines, have produced more or less. The mineral wealth of Newton County is yet waiting development, as lead is everywhere found on * The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St. Louis to the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix- NEWTON COUNTY, 401 slight search. Iron has been discovered in several places, but has not yet been developed. Coal has been discovered about five miles west ot Neosho. Tripoli stone, of the purest quality for polishing, has been dis- covered in great quantities near Dayton and Seneca. The Manufacturing Interests- consist of lead smelting furnaces, a foundry and machine shop, flouring and saw-mills, tripoli, tobacco and wagon factories, and distilleries. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $4,600,000.* Railroads. — The Atlantic & Pacific Railroad, passing through the county from east to Avest, has 33^^ miles of track; and the Memphis, Carthage & Northwestern Railroad has about 7 miles in the north-eastern corner of the county. The Exports are lead, wheat, corn, tobacco, horses, mules, cattle, bides, hogs, zinc and tripoli ; lead being the principal one. The Educational Interests are well attended to in the 76 sub- districts. Public schools are everywhere established, and in Neosho, Newtonia, and other towns, fine school buildings have been erected. Berwick, a station on the A. & P. R. R., 18 miles e. n. e. of Neosho. Capps Creek, (formerly Jollification,) 18 miles e. of Neosho and 6 miles s. w. of Peirce City, has a population of about 50, a flouring-mill, distillery and general store. Dayton. — See Racine. Gibsonville, a post-office 9^ miles n. n. w. of Granby City. Granby, 8 miles n. e. of Neosho and i mile s. of Granby City, its railroad station, was settled in 1856, and has a population of about 2500. It is the center of the richest lead mines in the county, and the Granby Mining and Smelting Company's works, consisting of 11 furnaces, are located here. The place contains i church, i school and 14 stores, also a newspaper — the Gratiby Mmer. Granby City, on the A. & P. R. R., 8 miles n. e. of Neosho, has 2 .stores and a population of about 75. Iron Switch, a station on the A. & P. R. R., 5 miles w. of Neosho. Jollification. — See Capps Creek. Kent, a post-office 16 miles s. e. of Neosho. Lodi, a post-office 8 miles n. of Neosho, NEOSHO, the county seat and principal town, on the A. & P. R. R., 314 miles from St. Louis, is beautifully situated in the valleys of Hickory :and Shoal Creeks, 2 miles above their confluence and near the center of the county. Neosho is an Indian name, and signifies " Clear-Cold- IVater " — which is abundant in this region, as an immense spring gushes •out in the center of the town, forming a stream of considerable size. The town was first settled in 1840, incorporated in 1855, and again in ■* Assessed valuation in 1873, 12,329,245. Taxation, $1.69 per ^100. The county has no debt. 4oa CAMPBELLS GAZETTEEJi OF MISSOURI. 1866. The business portion is in the valley, while the surrounding hills, covered with groves of oak and hickory, are crowned with handsome residences. The place contains a woolen-mill, a foundry, machine shops, a lead furnace, a flouring-mill, a tobacco factory, a planing-mill, a distillery, 2 wagon factories, and 2 newspapers — the Times and the Journal, the latter edited by Alfred M. Williams, Esq., i bank, 6 churches — 2 Methodist, 2 Presbyterian, i Congregational and i Baptist ; 4 schools and about 30 stores. Population about 2,000. Newtonia, pleasantly situated on Oliver's Prairie, n miles e of Neosho and 43^ miles s. of Ritchey, its railroad station, was chartered in 1856, and laid out by Judge M. H. Ritchie in 1857. It has a flouring- mill, high school, 4 stores, and about 400 inhabitants. QuapaTV, a post-office 17 miles w. n. w. of Neosho, near the Indian Territory Line. Racine, (Dayton,) a station on the A. & P. R. R., 10 miles w. of Neosho, has a saw and grist-mill, a school house, 2 stores, and a popu- lation of about 100. Ritchey, on the A. & P. R. R., 13 miles e. n. e. of Neosho, has 2 stores, a school-house, and a population of about 100. Seneca, on the A. & P. R. R., 16 miles w. of Neosho, in a beautiful valley, near the Indian Territory Line, has a machine shop, tripoli factory and 14 stores, and does a considerable trade with the Indians. Shoalsburgh, 12 miles n. w. of Neosho, has a flouring-mill, a store, and a population of about 50. NODAWAY COUNTY, In the north-western part of the State, is bounded north by the Iowa State Line, east by Worth and Gentry Counties, south by Andrew and Holt, and West by Holt and Atchison, and contains 554,137 acres. Population in 1850, 2,118; in i860, 5,252; in 1870, 14,751, of whom 14,663 were white and 87 colored; 7,819 male and 6,932 female; 13,901 native (5,180 born in Missouri) and 850 foreign. History. — To Hiram Hall is ascribed the honor of being the first white settler in Nodaway County, though perhaps a little before him James Bryant brought a barrel of whisky here, and built a little cabin in the Prather Grove, 7 miles south of Marysville, and traded his whisky to the Indians. He did not remain long, and Hiram Hall preempted the Prather Grove in the spring of 1840, and the next spring sold out to Col. Isaac N. Prather, who emigrated from Kentucky. During 1841 settlements were made principally in the timbered districts, as tjie early settlers, who were generally from Kentucky, Tennessee, or the timbered portions of the southern part of Missouri, believed that the prairies were not worth cultivating, and therefore settled in a grove or along the river, and, preempting the timber, made farms there, their claims being gen- erally respected until the land was surveyed in 1842-3. When the county contained some 500 inhabitants the impression gen- erally prevailed that the country could not support a greater population. What was first known as Nodaway County was a part of the Platte Pur- chase, and embraced Andrew, and extended several miles north of the present State Line, but February 14th, 1845, it was reduced to its present limits. The first county court was held at the house of Col I. N. Pra- ther, 7 miles south of Maryville. The records show that Thomas H. Brown, James M. Fulkerson and John Low composed the court, Amos Graham clerk and Bartlett Curl sheriff. The county took its name from the principal river, the Nodaway, which in the Pottawattamie tongue signifies placid, a characteristic of the river. The removal of the Indians was ordered by Congress in 1836, but they were loth to give up the pleasant groves and streams of the Platte Purchase, and as the early settlers lived on amicable terms with them, many remained for years after their ofiicial removal. The last wigwam, however, was built in 1856. Among the early settlers who came before the organ- ization of the county, and still reside here, may be mentioned J. E. Alexander, Thomas and Hiram Groves, Wade H. and Wm. H. Davis, William Campbell, Allen and Silas Moyingo, John Jackson, Daniel and 404 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Henry Swerengin, J. B. Prather, Chauncey Dalrymple, Levi Martin, Samuel Nash Sr., Ephraim Johnson, Joseph Hutson, James Noffsinger, Adonijah Roberts, Isaac Cox, John and Martin Gray, John Lamar, Sr., George and D. M. Vinsonhaler, William Blagg, E. S. Stephenson and Frank Conlin. Physical Features. — There are 3 principal streams running from the northern to the southern boundary, from 4 to 10 miles apart, which furnish an abundance of water power. Nodaway, with its tributaries — Mill, Clair, Sand, Bagbys, Elkhorn and Paint Creeks — drains the west- ern part of the county ; the central portion is traversed by One Hundred And Two River and its tributaries. White Cloud, Musingo Branch and Canal Branch ; the eastern part is drained by Platte River and its tribu- taries, Long Branch, Honey Creek, Elm Branch and others. While some of the bluffs are rugged, and in a few instances steep, the streams are generally bordered by long slopes and gentle declivities, which impart a peculiarly pleasing character to the scenery. Along the margins of the streams, mainly in the southern part, are level bottom lands, but by far the larger portion of the county is gently rolling. There is scarcely an acre within the boundaries that is too precipitous for cultivation, and very little overflowed land, most of which can easily be reclaimed. Timber occupies about one-third of the county, and consists of black walnut, white and red elm, mulberry, hickory, cottonwood, soft maple, burr, spotted, red, white and pin oaks, etc. The high grounds, overlooking either of the 3 principal streams, afford a charming view. Along the banks, which empty into larger streams, are belts of timber extending away to the prairies, while the course of the parent stream may be traced for a long distance northward and southward by the forests along its margin, which at some points spread out for miles on either side. Farms, groves and valleys lie below, as on a map, and every brooklet may be traced in its windings far away. Better than all, there is in the fertile soil the elements of still greater beauty, which are rapidly being devel- oped. This soil, generally from 2 to 6 feet in depth, is a rich, black, alluvial or vegetable mold, underlaid with a porous clay, which absorbs water rapidly, and yet retains the moisture. It is claimed that there is not a single quarter section in the county that is not susceptible of culti- vation, or from which an industrious farmer could not make a livelihood. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, rye, oats, barley, etc. Blue grass, timothy and clover, especially the former, do well. Unimproved lands are worth from $5 to $10 per acre. Mineral Resources. — The whole county is underlaid with coal, but as yet only the out-cropping veins have been worked. A very fine vari- ety of sandstone, and several quarries of limestone for building purposes, are found ; also fire clay, potters' clay and brick clay, but none of these have been fullv tested. NODAWAY COUNTY. 405 * The Manufacturing Interests will be noticed under the head of the different towns where they are located. ^Al^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^8, 400,000.* Railroads. — The Chicago Branch of the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs R. R. has 35 miles of road, passing through the center of the county, making direct communication between Chicago, St. Joseph and Kansas City. The only debt of the county is to this railroad, and is being paid off at the rate of ;^ 10,000 per annum. The Omaha Branch of the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. R. and the Quincy, Missouri & Pacific R. R. when completed, will probably pass through the central part of this county. Exports. — During the year 1873, Nodaway County exported 80,000 bushels of wheat, 35,000 of barley, 35,000 of oats, 50,000 of corn, 35,000 of rye, 35,000 hogs, 20,000 cattle, 1,500 horses and mules, 300,000 doz. of eggs, 60,000 lbs. of butter, 25,000 lbs. of wool. Hides, tallow, game and poultry, $15,000 worth ; aggregate value of exports about $2,000,000. The Educational Interests are in a very flourishing condition. The school fund is $90,000, and more than $50,000 are expended an- nually for this purpose, schools being maintained in every district from 6 to 10 months each year. Barnard, on the Chicago Branch of the K. C. St. J. & C. B. R. R. and on the east bank of One Hundred And Two River, 14 miles s. of Maryville, a thriving village, was laid out December, 1870, on one of the earliest farms cleared in the timber, and is surrounded by one of the best settled portions of the county. It has i grist and saw-mill, 7 stores and a graded school. Population, about 300. Bridgewater, on the Chicago Branch of the K. C. St. J. & C. B. R. R. 7 miles s. of Maryville, has i grist-mill, 2 stores and a school-house. City Bluff, (Halsa's Ferry,) a post-office 16 miles n. w. of Maryville. Claremont, a post-office 14 miles n, w. of Maryville. Conception, 12 miles s. e. of Maryville, is a business place of some importance, being the center of what is known as the Irish Colony. A college and nunnery will soon be completed costing $50,000. It has 3 stores, a school-house and a Catholic church. Eudora, a post-office 15 miles n. w. of Maryville. Graham, 16 miles s. w. of Maryville, in one of the wealthiest and best portions of the county, has 2 churches — M. E. and M. E. Ch. South, a graded school and 10 stores. Population, about 400. Guilford, 15 miles s. e. of Maryville, has 2 churches — M. E. and M. E. Ch. South, 2 stores, a harness shop and about 200 inhabitants. Halsa's Ferry. — See City Bluff. Hopkins, at the junction of the Maryville Branch of the K. C. St. J» •Assessed valuation in 1873, 15,590,638. Taxation, I1.45 per ^100. Bonded debt, ^65,000. 4o6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MLSSOURL .& C. B. R. R. with the Creston Branch of the B. & M. R. R. R. i6 miles n. ■of Maryville, on the east branch of One Hundred And Two River, and i "mile s. of the Iowa Line, was laid out in 1871, and is next to the county seat in importance; it commands a good trade and has a population of about 300, with the usual number of business houses, 2 churches and i graded school. Hughes, a post-office 8 miles s. w. of Maryville. Lamar's Station, a post-office 17 miles n. w. of Maryville. Luteston, a post-office 20 miles n. e. of Maryville. MARYVILLE, the county seat, and principal town on the Chicago Branch of the K. C. St. J. & C. B. R. R. 45 miles n. of St. Joseph, and near the center of the county, is beautifully located on the prairie, but bordered on the north-east by timber. It is 2^ miles west of and 170 feet above the One Hundred And Two River, and was laid off in 1845, and named in honor of Mrs. Mary Graham, wife of Col. Amos Graham, the first resident lady, and who is still living in the town. The county court entered the old town quarter from the Government, and the patent is in the name of Nodaway County. The first sale of lots was in September, 1845. The first lot sold, on which the City Hotel now stands, brought $75.00. The place now contains 6 churches — Presbyterian, Baptist, M. E. Ch. , M. E. Ch. South, Christian and Catholic, aggregate cost $40,000, I graded school, i furniture and i wagon and carriage factory, 1 steam flouring-mill, 2 lumber yards, 3 hotels, 2 newspapers — The Demo- crat, W. J. Sloan, editor and proprietor, and The Republican, H. E. Robison, editor and proprietor. Population, about 2,500. Pickering, on the Chicago Branch of K. C. St. J. & C. B. R, R. 7 miles n. of Maryville, was laid off in 1871, and has i agricultural imple- ment manufactory, i egg-packing establishment, i cheese factory (which sent the cheese weighing over 1,027 pounds, that took the premium over 23 competitors at the St. Louis Fair of 1872,) 3 stores, i harness shop, a •school -house, etc. Population, about 200. Quitman, 12 miles w. of Maryville, on the Nodaway River, contains 1 grist-mill, 2 churches — Christian and Methodist, a graded school, 6 ;Stores, a harness shop, etc. Population, about 150. S^veet Home, a post-office 15 miles e. of Maryville. Union Valley, a post-office 12 miles s. w. of Maryville. OREGON COUNTY, In the southern part of the State, is bounded north by Shannon and Carter, east by Carter and Ripley, south by the Arkansas State Line and west by Howell County, and contains 35 7^729 acres. Population in 1850, 1,432; in i860, 3,009; in 1870, 3,287, of whom 3,283 were white, and 4 colored; 1,683 male, and 1,604 female; 3,279 native (1,669 ^O''^ i^ Missouri), and 8 foreign. History. — In 181 6, Samuel Hatcher settled on the Eleven Points, near the present site of Thomasville, and for 3 years his solitude was undisturbed. In 1819, a few families settled in the "Richwoods" of Eleven Points, near Mr. Hatcher, and this proved the nucleus about which future settlements were made. The privations of these people were only such as are incident to pioneer life. True, their supplies were packed by horses from Ste Genevieve, a distance of 170 or 175 miles, but they were favored with a kindly climate, a fertile soil, abundance of water, plenty of game and wild honey and fruits, with excellent grass for their stock. Their lives were almost patriarchal in simplicity. Oregon was organized Feb. 14th, 1845, "^^i^h a population of about 750. This county, in common with this portion of the State, was laid waste during the Civil War, and nearly depopulated. Physical Features. — The general surface of the country is hilly. The valleys and bottoms along the water-courses are extremely productive, while the hills are rocky and unfit for cultivation, but affording an unlim- ited supply of excellent timber. In the north and north-east are im- mense pineries, which, to be made available, must be sawed by steam- mills, there being no water power convenient. All the varieties of oak abound, also hickory, ash, black walnut, birch and sugar maple. The greater portion of the county is watered by Eleven Points and its trib- utaries. This stream rises in the north-western part of the county, burst- ing from under a hill 300 feet high, with a rushing noise that can be heard far down the valley. About one mile south-east of the head of the river it forms a junction with the creek of the same name, and thence becomes navigable for small boats, and if properly improved, would form the great means for the transportation of the agricultural products of the county. The chief affluents of the Eleven Points in the north and east, are Spring, Hurricane, White, Dry, Pine and Frederick Creeks. In the western part are Middle, Barren and Warm Fork, the latter a tributary of Spring River. 4o8 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. There are many large springs, some of them furnishing excellent water power. There are about 100,000 acres of tillable land in the county, but not more than 45,000 acres are now under cultivation. The Agri- cultural College owns about 8,240 acres, and there about 130,650 acres of Government Land. The "Grand Gulf" is a natural curiosity in the south-western part of the county. In a section where the surface is com- paratively level, the traveler suddenly comes upon this "gulf," three- fourths of a mile in length, 50 to 100 feet in width, and about 150 feet in depth, and .bridged by a rocky formation. There are several caves of interest, but none of them have as yet been fully explored. The Agricultural Productions are ,corn, wheat, oats, tobacco, potatoes and fruits. Cotton is grown to a limited extent. Stock is raised here with as little cost as in any part of the State, a fact due to the luxuriance of the native grasses, and to the exemption of the stock from disease. The Mineral Resources are wholly undeveloped, but indications of lead, iron, copper and kaolin have been found. The Manufacturing Interests have received but little attention, and consist of a few flouring and saw-mills. \A(^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $1,125,000.* The Exports are stock, lumber, wheat, corn and dried fruit. Educational Interests. — During the past year (1873) ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ been infused into the public school system, and there is a growing inter- est in educational matters. ALTON, the county seat, in the center of the county, 60 miles s. w. of Mill Spring, Wayne County, (on the St L. & I. M. R. S..,) was laid out in 1859, and contains a population of about 50. In 1863 the court- house and many other buildings were burned, and a great number of the inhabitants left. A good court-house has since been erected, also a sub- stantial church and school-house, but the town is not so large as it was^ previous to the war. Bandyville, a post-office 10 miles n. of Alton. Clifton. — See Warm ForTc. Hiwassie, a post-office 15 miles e. of Alton. Jobe, 21 miles s. e. of Alton, is surrounded by a good farming country, and is a thriving little village. Low Wassie, a post-office 13 miles n. e. of Alton. Pinkleyville, a post-office 14 miles s. e. of Alton. Thomasville, 10 miles n. w. of Alton, and 64 miles s. w. of Mill Spring, Wayne County, is pleasantly situated in the valley of Eleven Points, the view to the north and east of it being bounded by the immense pineries. It was laid out in 1846, incorporated in 1873, ^^^ is * Assessed valuation in 1873, ^17,135. Taxation, ^1^5 per ;^ioo. Bonded debt, |i8,i25.' Floating, debt. £8.121. OREGON COUNTY 409 considered the best commercial point in the county. It has 3 churches — United Baptist, M. E. Church South, and Christian, i good school building, 6 stores, i steam flouring-mill, i shingle factory, and i weekly newspaper — The South Missourian. Population, about 200. "Warm Fork, (Clifton,) 14 miles s. s. w. of Alton, was laid off in 1873, ^^cl is the business point for the south-western part of the county. Webster, 6 miles s. of Alton, situated in a rich farming country, is a trading point of some importance. ^Voodside, a little settlement 6 miles n. of Alton. OSAGE COUNTY, In the central part of the State, is bounded north by the Missouri River, which separates it from Callaway, east by Gasconade, south by Maries, and west by Miller County and the Osage River, which separate? it from Cole, and contains 375,336 acres. Population, in 1850, 6,704; in i860, 7,879; in 1870, 10,793, of whom 10,467 were white, and 326 colored; 5,641 male, and 5,152 female; 8,392 native (6,888 born in Missouri) and 2,401 foreign. History. — The first settlements were made by Germans and emi- grants from the Eastern States. The county was organized from Gascon- ade Jan. 29th, 1 841, and named for the Osage River. Physical Features. — The Missouri and Osage Rivers lie on the entire north-western boundary, and hkve numerous tributaries. Bailey, Shawnee, Deer and Cedar Creeks find their way to the Missouri ; Maries and Sugar Creeks are affluents of the Osage. The south-eastern part is watered by the Gasconade and a few small tributary creeks. The general character of the country is uneven, and some portions broken and sterile. The valleys are exceedingly fertile, and much of the table land will pro- duce good crops. The timber consists of oak, hickory, black walnut, etc., and saw-mills might do well on the Gasconade, Osage or Maries. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, rye, tobacco and barley. Rye, hemp, flax, broom-corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, buck- wheat, white or navy beans, all do well in favorable seasons. There are but few cultivated pastures in the county, and these do not succeed well, excepting in very wet seasons. Blue grass pastures are generally parched during the summer. The orchards planted on the south hill-sides and on the ridges produce well, not being subject to the attack of the borer. Some attention has been given to grape-culture and with marked success; about 50 acres are now bearing, and the fruit is of fine flavor and makes excellent wine. Improved breeds of hogs and cattle have been intro- duced and are paying well. Mineral Resources. — Osage County is believed to be rich in iron and lead, but no mines have been developed. The Manufacturing Interests consist of 6 steam saw-mills and 4 flouring-mills. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^3,000,000.* Railroads.— The Missouri Pacific R. R. has 25 miles of road fol- lowing the course of the Missouri River. * Assessed valuation in 1873, f 2,256,586. 412 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS QUEL The Exports are wheat, tobacco, barley and stock. Educational Interests. — Public schools are established in nearly every sub-district, and there is a growing interest in the schools, evi- denced by the improved school-houses, furniture and apparatus. Bailey's Creek, a p. o. 8 miles n. e. of Linn. Boeger's Store, a p. o. 6^ miles e. n. e. of Linn. Bonnot's Mills. — See Dauphine. Byrne, a p. o. 15 miles s. e. of Linn. Castle Rock, ©n the Osage River, 15 miles w. of Linn, has i grist- mill and I store. Chamois, on the Missouri River and on the M. P. R. R., 100 miles from St. Louis, has 6 stores, a number of shops, and is a growing town. Cooper Hill, on the Gasconade River, 11 miles s. e. of Linn, has 3 stores, several shops and 2 hotels. Dauphine, (Bonnot's Mills,) on the Missouri River and on the M. P. R. R., 112 miles from St. Louis, has 2 stores and one grist-mill. Fredericksburgh, 14 miles n. e. of Linn, has i store and i mill. Gallaway Station, a p. o. 16 miles s. e. of Linn. Koeltztown, 16 miles s. w. of Linn, has i store and i wagon shop. Kiddridge, a p. o. 7^ miles e. of Linn. LINN, the county seat, 10 miles s. e. of Bonnot's Mills, has 3 stores, I mill, 2 hotels, i saddler and i wagon maker. Linnwood, 10 miles e. of Linn, has i mill and i store. Loose Creek, 3 miles n. w. of Linn. Medora, (St. Aubert's Station,) on the Missouri River and on the M. P. R. R., 20 miles e. of Jefferson, a p. o. 11 miles n. of Linn. Mint Hill, a p. o. 8 miles n, e. of Linn. OZARK COUNTY, In the southern part of the State, is bounded north by Douglas, east by Howell, south by the Arkansas State Line and west by Taney County, and contains 472,320 acres. Population in 1850, 2,294; in i860, 2,447; i^ 1870, 3,363, of whom 3,351 were white, and 12 colored; 1,658 male, and 1,705 female; 3,357 native (1,895 t»orn in Missouri), and 6 foreign. History.— This county was organized and called Ozark, Jan. 29th, 1 841. In 1843, it was rechristened as Decatur, but in 1845 its former name was restored. Ozark was sparsely settled, but improving slowly, when the late Civil War swept over it. The people fled to the more thickly settled portions of the State for protection from guerrillas and undisciplined soldiers, and the county was almost depopulated. It is now (1874) being rapidly resettled by an excellent class of people. Physical Features. — The central portion is mountainous, while the eastern and western parts are quite broken. The whole county is heavily timbered with the many varieties of oak, walnut, hickory, sugar-maple, ash and pine, the latter of remarkably fine quality. The principal streams in the eastern part are Big North Fork of AVhite River, Bryant's Fork of White River, and Pine, Cane and Lick Creeks ; in the western are Little Fork of White River and its numerous tributaries, chief of which are Spring, North Fork of Spring, Branch Fork of North Fork of White River, Turkey, Little, Otter and Pond Creeks. Along these streams are beautiful valleys from a quarter of a mile to a mile in width, and of won- derful fertility. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, rye, hay, tobacco, cotton, apples and peaches. Mineral Resources. — This is said to be a rich mineral district, but the indications have not been tested. The Manufacturing Interests consist of a few grist and saw-mills. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $500,000.* The Exports are wheat, corn, tobacco and cotton. The Educational Interests are improving, and public schools are established in nearly all of the sub-districts, and there are also a number of private schools. Almartha, a post-office 15 miles n. of Gainesville. * Assessed valuation for 1873. ^290,335- Taxation, $1.70 per ^loo. Bonded debt, j4,Soo. Floating debt, |i,5oo. 41 6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. ' GAINESVILLE, the county seat, 65 miles s. s. t. of Marshfield, Webster County, its nearest railroad station, is pleasantly located on Lick Creek, near the center of the county, and has been built within the last two years. It contains 5 stores, a wagon shop, a hotel, a school-house, q church — Methodist, and a court-house in process of construction. Pop^ ulation, about 150. Isabella, 12 miles w. of Gainesville, on the dividing ridge between the Little Fork of White River and the North Fork of Spring Creek, has a pleasant and healthful location, and contains 3 stores, a school- house, etc. Lick Valley, a post-office 5 miles s. e. of Gainesville. Melissa, a post-office 18 miles n. w. of Gainesville. Piland's Store, a post-office and store 18 miles n. w. of Gainesville, Rockbridge, 19 miles n. e. of Gainesville, has i store and a saw and grist-mill. St. Leger, a post-office and store 14 miles s. e. of Gainesville. PEMISCOT COUNTY, In the extreme south-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by New Madrid, east by the Mississippi River, which separates it from Tennessee, south by the Arkansas State Line, and west by Dunklin County, and contains 327,725 acres. Population in i860, 2,962; in 1870,* 2,059, o^ whom 1,911 were white, and 148 colored; 1,079 male and 980 female; 2,042 native (910 born in Missouri,) and 17 foreign. History. — Francis and Joseph Lesieur, the first white settlers of New Madrid, soon after 1780 opened a trading post at Little Prairie, a village of the Delawares on the Mississippi, near the present, site of Caruthers- ville. Soon after, the Spaniards, in their efforts to prevent the free navigation of the Mississippi River, established a fort at this point. The place, if we may credit tradition, presented a business-like air. Farms were opened, roads laid out, and everything promised permanent prosperity. Other settlements soon followed, one in the vicinity of Gayoso, one north of Big Lake, one on Little River, and one on Portage Bay. The changes in governments, the cession of Louisiana to France, and by France to the United States, did not affect the settlers, as they were protected in their land claims, and there was no check to their pros- perity until the terrible earthquake of 1811-12. (For full particulars see New Madrid County, page 394.) After this terrible experience, but (ew had the courage to remain in this section ; among those who did, was Col. John H. Walker, who lived at Little Prairie, and to whom the writer is indebted for particulars of the early history of the county. Pemiscot — signifying liquid mud — named for its principal bayou, was formed from New Madrid, Feb. 19th, i86t. Col. John H. Walker and James Eastwood of Little Prairie, Col. John Woodard of Point Pleasant and James A. McFarland marked the boundary line of the new county, and Hon. Wm. S. Moseley of New Madrid, Albion Crow of Scott, and Wm. Sayers of Mississippi, located the county seat at the present site of Gayoso. The first county court was composed of James Eastwood, pre- siding justice, Martin L. Stancil and Jonathan Scott, associates. The Civil War found the mass of the people southern sympathizers, and their representative in the State Legislature, Hon. Robert F. Cloud, followed the fortunes of Claiborne F. Jackson. * It is claimed that the census of 1870 for this county was incorrect, the true population at that time being fully 3,600. 4i8 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. April 2d, 1862, the county records were carried off by the Confederates^ but restored three years later, with only the loss of one execution docket, and one county court order book. March 31st, 1863, by act of Legisla- ture, the courts of New Madrid County assumed jurisdiction over Pemis- cot, and this act was not repealed until March 13th, 1866, but during those dark days the people did not appeal to courts to settle their differ- ences ; the revolver and the knife were the arbiters, and many a life went out upon trivial provocation. The county was overrun by thieving bands of guerrillas and unscrupulous soldiers who murdered and pillaged at will; but since 1865 it has been steadily growing in population and wealth. Physical Features. — Pemiscot County is an almost level plain, washed on its eastern shore by the Mississippi, and containing numerous lakes and bayous ; among the former, Cooper, Big Water, Robertson and Big Lakes, north of Gayoso; Tanner, Eastwood and Duland Lakes south of Gayoso , and Buffalo, Half Moon, Pemiscot and Cypress in the southern part of the county. Of the bayous. Portage forms part of the northern boundary ; Pemiscot Bayou winds in a tortuous ocurse nearly the entire length of the county, and Elk Chute, lying between Pemiscot and Little River, traverses the western part. There is an abundance of timber, consisting of ash, oak, elm, walnut and cypress, and the soil is of the richest character. The Agricultural Productions are corn, cotton, tobacco, broom- eorn, wheat and oats. Stock-raising receives a good deal of attention. FtuitS) especially peaches, grow finely. The Manufacturing Interests are much neglected, and consist chiefly of ii cotton gins, (which during the winter of 1873-4 turned off an average of 350 bales of cotton each,) saw and grist-mills and black- smith shops. ^A^ealth. — ^Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^850,000.* The Exports are corn, cotton, Irish and sweet potatoes, tobacco, fruits and vegetables, and walnut, oak, ash, sycamore, maple and cypress lumber. The Educational Interests have been much neglected, but they are receiving increased attention. Caruthersville, 4^ miles s. e. of Gayoso, and about ^ of a mile from the Mississippi River, previous to 1811-12 was the site of Little Prairie, a thriving town, but the earthquakes of that year leaving scarcely a vestige of the place, by common consent it took the name of Lost Village, and the first post office in the county was so called until Caruthersville was laid off" by Col. John H. Walker and Geo, W. Bushey m 1857, and named in honor of Hon. Samuel Caruthers. The town * Assessed valuation in 1873, ^547,198. Taxation, ^2 per ^loo. Bonded debt, JIS<'°<^ Floating debt, ^2,500 PEMISCOT COUNTY. 419 boasts of an excellent school, one of the best in this section, and has a population of about 80. Cottonwood Point, on the Mississippi River, 15 miles below Gayoso, near the foot of Island No. 18, is a trading point of some importance. GAYOSO, the county seat, situated near the Mississippi River, 314 miles by water from St. Louis, and 65 miles from Morley, Scott County, its usual railroad station, was settled at an early period, and named for a Spanish Governor of Louisiana Territory. It was laid off in 1852, is near the center of the county, and has i good school, a fine court-house, a good Union church, i hotel, 3 stores and one newspaper — The Demo- crat, Geo. W. Carleton editor and publisher. Lint Dale, a trading point at the mouth of Old Pemiscot Bayou, was founded in 1873 ^7 Turner Chambelin and Geo. I. Coleman. It con- tains a large store and a warehouse, and is the principal shipping point for the southern part of both Pemiscot and Dunklin Counties. Three- fourths of a mile below Lint Dale, on the river, is a warehouse known as Midway, being exactly half the distance between Cairo, Ills., and Mem- phis, Tenn. At this point large quantities of cord-wood are annually supplied to steamboats. Stewart, (Stewart's Landing,) is a shipping point on the Mississippi River, 16 miles above Gayoso. A large amount of oak ship-timber is annually sent from this place, and steamboats stop here for supplies of cord-wood. PERRY COUNTY, In the eastern part of the State, is bounded north and east by the Missis- sippi River, which separates it from the State of Illinois, south by Cape Girardeau and Bollinger Counties, west by Madison, and north-west by St. Francois and Ste. Genevieve, and contains 295,356 acres. Population in 1830, 3,349; in 1840, 5,769; in 1850, 7,215; in 1860,9,128; in 1870, 9,877, of whom 9,477 were white and 400 colored; 5,004 male and 4,873 female; 8,334 native (7,331 born in Missouri) and 1,543 foreign. History. — Perry County was settled between 1796 and 1800 by emigrants from Kentucky and Pennsylvania, the latter locating in the rich bottom lands of Bois Brul6 ; the former generally settling in the " Barrens " and along the waters of Saline Creek. About the same time the "Long Tucker" settlement was established on the Saline, and the "Short Tucker" settlement in the Barrens. Also about the same date the Layton settlement was made, part of which subsequently became the site of Perryville, which is located in the Bernard Layton survey, and on another part, i mile west of Perryville, was afterwards built the Roman Catholic institution, St. Mary's Seminary, on the Ignatius Layton survey. The settlements formed from Kentucky were Catholic, and those from Pennsylvania were Protestant. Among the early emigrants from Kentucky were the families of Moore, Layton, Cissell, Tucker, Miles, Dean, Manning, Hagan, Brewer, Duvall, McAtee, Riney and Haydon. From Pennsylvania were those of Burns, Shelby, Kinnison and Roark. Later, the Farrar and Abernathy settle- ments, led by the Farrars, Abernathys, Rutleges, Venables and Clines, from North Carolina, were established in the southern part of the county. The Flynns, Wilkinsons, Vallfe, Beauvais, Caldwells, Waters and Jones, all came at an early day. Many of these pioneers and their descendants have held positions of honor in the county ; among the Kentuckians may be mentioned Judge Isidore Moore,* who was a member of the first State Legislature, and also county judge and surveyor. Martin Layton was county judge, John C. Layton was representative, Felix Layton rose from the rank of lieutenant to that of major in the U. S. Army, and Thomas Layton has held the position of sheriff. Bernard Cissell, who died in 1872, was a lawyer of decided ability. Mark and R. M. Brewer worthily represented their ♦Perry then formed part of Ste. Genevieve, but Judge Moore, and also the first Senator, Robt. T, Brown, resided within the present limits of Perrj'. 422 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI family, the former as county judge for two terms, the latter as county judge, member of the State Legislature and colonel of the county mili- tia during the late war. "Uncle Peter Dean" has been a resident of Perry for 55 years. His youth being passed on the frontier, he grew to manhood ignorant of books, but by patient study he has overcome this difficulty^ The people with whom he has passed his long life have more than once shown their appreciation of his honesty and ability. For a long time he served as constable, 8 years as assessor and 2 terms as sheriff. Dr. Reuben Shelby, a descendant of the Pennsylvanians, has been county judge, county sur- veyor and speaker of the State House of Representatives 2 terms, and Henry T. Burns has been very popular as county clerk for a number of years. John H. Abernathy has held, for some years, and still holds the position of county judge, and is considered one of the ablest men who has ever filled this position. Simeon C. Duvall was made county judge. Thos. Riney represented the county in the State Legislature. Major F. L. Jones, one of the wealthiest and most respectable citizens, is a graduate of West Point, and served in the Mexican War, and rose to the rank of major in the regular army. Albert G. Abernathy, for a long time county superintendent of public schools, is now representative in the Legislature. Perry was organized November i6th, 1820, about 8 months after Mis- souri was admitted into the Union. The first circuit court was held at the house of Bede Moore, about 2 miles n. e. of the present site of Per- ryville. Richard Thomas was the presiding judge, and Greer W. Davis, now of Jackson, Mo., prosecuting attorney, Robert T. Brown sheriff, and Cornelius ^L Slatterly clerk. Until 1824 there were about 3,000 Indians in the county — two-thirds of them Shawnees and the remainder Delawares. Their chief village, Shawneetown, was about 9 miles south of Perryville. About 1821 a Shawnee Indian killed the wife of Andrew Burns, who lived south of the present site of Perryville. The Indian who committed the deed was pur- sued southward to the swamJDs, captured and killed, and his head placed upon a pole in Jackson, Cape Girardeau County. One old Indian, known as Cato, remained after the Shawnees and Delawares removed to their reservation. It was said that for having killed his wife he was excommu- nicated by his tribe, and condemned to solitude and fasting. However this may have been, certain it is that he lived alone for years on the banks of the Saline, and when removed to " the happy hunting grounds " received Christian burial by the white settlers. As the fertility of Perry became known, numbers of Germans and French were attracted to it, and these and their descendants are among the most valuable citizens. In truth. Perry had the good fortune to be settled by a class of men remarkable for their intelligence and uprightness, and their descendants PERRY COUNTY. 423 do no discredit to them, for there is no portion of the State where reli- gion and education are more honored than here. Among the prominent attorneys who have practiced at the Perry County bar were Gen. Nath'l Watkins, John Scott, Judge Ranney and Col. Thos. H. Benton. During the Civil War the citizens of Perry remained loyal to the Gov- ernment, and Perry suffered less than many of her neighbors. Four men, Frank Tucker, Stephen Wimsatt, John Brewer and Sylvarius Lay- ton, peaceable citizens, charged with being "copperheads," were shot by some undisciplined soldiers of Gen. McNeil's command, and 2 men, Charles Stuart and a Mr. Pratte, who had been in the Confederate army, on returning home were captured and killed by some of the State Militia. Physical Features. — The western part of the county, along the head waters of Saline Creek and White Water River, is generally broken and hilly, and unprofitable for cultivation, except on the bottoms. The southern portion is also somewhat hilly, but the soil produces well. Parallel with the Mississippi River, though several miles from it, are the river hills, generally under cultivation, growing wheat, clover, etc. Just west of these is a large scope of country known as "the barrens," undulating table-lands, formerly merely covered with prairie grass, with here and there an antiquated oak, but now having a heavy growth of young timber, and discovered to be very productive. This section is indented occasionally by sink-holes, which communicate with subter- ranean water-courses, giving most admirable drainage. But the garden spot of the county is the Bois Brul6 (burnt wood) Bottom, lying between the hills and the Mississippi River, about 18 miles in length, and from 4 to 6 miles in width. This belt of land is level and marvelously rich, producing from 40 to 100 bushels of corn, and from 30 to 40 bushels of wheat per acre. The county is drained by the South Fork of Saline, Bois Brule, Cinque Hommes, Amet, Brazeau, Indian and the head waters of White Water River, while the Mississippi lies on the entire eastern boundary. Cinque Hommes (five men) was named in remembrance of five men who were drowned while trying to cross it. Timber is abundant, consisting of cottonwood, linn, ash, poplar, maple, walnut, sugar-maple, sycamore, beech, several varieties of oak, dog-wood, etc. Excellent water power is furnished by many of the streams, and also by several springs. One -of the largest of these is about 6 miles west of Perryville, and has sufficient force to run a mill every day in the year. Silver Lake, just above this mill, and formed by the dam, is a favorite place of resort, and possesses great beauty. There are numerous caves near Perryville, 2 of which penetrate beneath the town. None of them have been fully explored, but sufficient investigation has been made to show that beneath the whole central part of this county a curious subter- ranean world exists. Dr. Shelby penetrated one a distance of 4 miles. Grand Tower, about one mile below the town of Wittenberg, on the 424 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL west side of the river, about 60 feet from the shore, is a tower of solid rock about 75 feet high, from which a fine view of the river, the bluffs and the city of Grand Tower on the opposite bank, may be had. The Agricultural Productions consist of the cereals, grasses, A^egetables and fruits. Wheat, however, is the great staple, and the quality is not surpassed by any in the world, as shown by the premiums awarded it at various times and places. Fruit-culture is receiving increased attention, 'especially grape-growing. The Mineral Resources consist of lead and iron, undeveloped as jet for want of capital. Several lead mines have been opened in the western part of the county, the most extensive being 6 miles west of Perryville. Iron is being mined in the southern part of the county at the Birmingham Mities. Silica is found in inexhaustible quantities in the southern part of the county. The Manufacturing Interests consist of grist and saw-mills, and .1 furnace. The Bishop's Mill, on Saline Creek, built by and named in ihonor of Bishop Rosatti, has been in operation for 50 years. "Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $4,650,000.* Railroads. — The Chester & Iron Mountain Railroad, now in process 'Of construction, will pass through Perry County from St. Mary's to, *Clarysville, about 8 miles. The great river route from St. Louis, now b>eing agitated, will of course pass through Perry County. The Exports are wheat, flour, corn, lumber and a small quantity of lead and iron. Educational Interests. — The popular feeling is strongly in favor lof the public schools, which are established in every sub-district, and are under the charge of teachers that compare favorably with any in the State. The Brazeau High School, closed for a number of years, has been re- 'Opened under the charge of the Presbyterian Church. A private school under the control of the Sisters of the Sacred Blood, bids fair to become -one of the permanent institutions of Perryville. One of the buildings of St. Mary's College, located one mile west of Perryville, was burned in 1866. This is one of the oldest educational institution in the State, having been established in 1824 by the Order of Lazarists. Some prominent men in church and state were educated here. Among them, may be mentioned Senator Morrison of Mississippi County, Gen. Rozier of Ste. Genevieve, Rudolph Rozier of New Orleans, Drs. Brennen and Hogan of St. Louis, Rev. A. Ryan, the poet-priest of the- South, Dr. Shelby of Perryville, Jules Valid of St. Louis, Archbishop Odin of New Orleans, Bishop Tyman of Buffalo, Bishop Lynch of Montreal, Bishop Ammat of Los Angelos, Cal., Stephen Ryne now (1874) Bishop of Buffalo, and Michael Dominic .now Bishop of Pittsburg. A private school is now conducted at this * Assessed valuation for 1873, $2,190,718. The county has no debt. PERRY COUNTY. 425 place, but it is expected that the college, which after the burning of the build- ing was removed to Cape Girardeau, will be re-established here. The college, church and seminary buildings here are among the finest south of St. Louis, and the park, the orchards and gardens make it one of the most charming places in this section of country. There are 19 private schools in the county, with an attendance for 1873 of 713 ; 49 public schools, property valued at ;gii,46o, attendance 1,709. There are also 3 schools for colored children, Abernathy, (Longtown,) 7 miles s. e. of Perryville, named in honor of John Long, Sr., has 3 stores and i wagon shop. Altenburg, 5 miles w. s. w. of Wittenberg, was settled in 1838 by a colony of Germans, and is now almost entirely inhabited by their de- scendants. It was incorporated in 1868, and has 2 Lutheran churches, one just erected is a beautiful stone edifice costing $15,000, 2 public and 2 German schools, 8 stores, i grist-mill, and i shingle and stave manufac- tory. One peculiarity of the people is that they rarely have any law suits, their difficulties being usually settled by the church authorities. Popula- tion, about 400. Biehle, a post-office 10 miles s. of Perryville has i store. Clarysville, on the Mississippi River, 15 miles n. e. of Perryville and opposite Chester, Ills., has recently been laid off by Capt. C. Williams. It is located in the Bois Brule Bottom, and is the terminus of the C. & I. M. R. R., now in process of construction. It has i store and a school- house. There is a steam ferry at this point. Eureka, 8 miles e. of Perryville, has i store. Frohna, 15 miles s. e. of Perryville, has i Lutheran church, 2 stores and a steam flouring-mill. PERRYVILLE, the county seat, is 32 miles e. n. e. of Frederick- town, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., and 12 miles from St. Mary's. In 1821 Wm. Flynn, Benj. Davis, Simon Duvall, John Layton and Bar- nabas Burns selected the site of the county seat, and Robert T. Brown, Joseph Tucker and Thomas Riney were appointed commissioners to superintend the building of the court-house and jail. This town is situated on a high plain, surrounded by a rich farming country, and is tastefully and substantially built. It is well supplied with building stone and timber. It has 3 churches — Lutheran, M. E. Ch. and Catholic, i public and several private schools (described under Educational Interests,) 2 steam saw and flouring-mills, 6 stores, 2 hotels and 2 newspapers — The Union, W. H. Booth, editor and proprietor, and The People'' s Forum, Robinson & Crawford, editors and proprietors. Population, about 600. Silver Lake, 10 miles w. s. w. of Perryville, located In a beautiful valley, was settled in 1868, and has i mill and i store. Unionto^vn, 12 miles s. e. of Perryville, has i store and i wagon shop. 426 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Wittenberg, on the Mississippi River, zo miles s. e. of Perryville, ii8 miles below St. Louis, and nearly opposite Grand Tower, Ills., was settled by a German colony in 1838. This colony aimed at founding a magnificent Lutheran church, on a lofty eminence on the river bluff, which was to be the New Zion of that denomination in America. But meeting with some misfortunes this idea was abandoned, and the large bell brought from Europe for the church, was sold to the Catholic church in St. Louis, called The College. This is the great shipping point for the eastern part of Perry and the northern portion of Cape Girardeau Counties. The encroachments of the river have retarded its growth, but it has a population of about 500, and contains a fine flouring-mill, i steam saw-mill, 2 stores, 2 warehouses, i brewery and an excellent public school. Its citizens, mostly the original German colonists and their descendants, are like those of Altenburg, an industrious and honest people, and have added much to the wealth and prosperity of Perry County. Younts' Store, a post-office 1 7 miles s. w. of Perryville. PETTIS COUNTY, In the west-central part of the State, is bounded north by Saline County, east by Cooper and Morgan, south by Benton, and west by Henry and Johnson Counties, and contains 446,289 acres. Population in 1840, 2,930; in 1850, 5,150; in i860, 9,392; in 1870, 18,706, of whom 16,580 were white and 2,126 colored; 9,882 male and 8,824 female; 17,156 native (8,584 born in Missouri) and 1,550 foreign. History. — In 18 18 Nimrod Jenkins and a few others settled on La Mine River, in the north-eastern part of the county, which then formed a part of Cooper. Solomon Reed (father of Mathias Reed, now living a few miles south-east of Sedalia,) came from Crab Orchard, Ky., and set- tled in 1 82 1 in what is now known as Pettis County. He was a genuine pioneer, all his life having been spent on the "outskirts of civilization." He was liberal in his dealings with the Indians, and was always on familiar and friendly terms with them, and among them he bore the sobriquet of " Pumpkin," owing to the fact that they could always get from him a supply of that vegetable, of which they seemed to have been very fond. One year later Jesse Shope, Silas Jenkins and Sylvester Hall located on Black Water Creek, and the following year Reuben Gentry, Thomas Osborne, Wm. O'Bannon from Crab Orchard, Ky., with some others settled on Muddy Creek in the north-eastern part of the county. A German settlement was made on Lake Creek in 1831. Pettis was organized from Saline and Cooper, Jan. 26th, 1833, and the county seat located at Wasson's or Pin Hook Mill, which they named St. Helena, although this name never came into general use. The first term of the circuit court was held in July of that year, with John F. Ryland judge, and Amos Fristoe, clerk. At the time of its organization there were but few farms in the county, principally on Black Water and Heath Creeks, and it had a population of only about 600, but lured by the fertility of the soil, the beautiful prairies and the well-timbered streams, settlers soon flocked in, and in 10 years there were nearly 3,000 people. Daniel Klein made the first Government entry in the county, July i6th, 1823. The first deed was put on record June 14th, 1833, ^rom Middle- ton to Andrew Anderson. The first mortgage is dated July 9th, 1834, and was made by E. B. Rathburn to George Gill. St. Helena remained the county seat until 1837, when Georgetown, then laid out, succeeded to the honor. Clifton Wood, Esq., now President of the Citizens' Bank of Sedalia, was the first merchant. George R. Smith, since Adj. Gen. of the State and founder of Sedalia, and James Ramey took 428 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS OUR L the contract for building the " old brick court-house," a fine edifice for those days, costing about ^4,000, where justice was dispensed until 1862, when the county seat was removed to Sedalia. This city being a military post during the late Civil War, Pettis was subjected to raids from both armies. Physical Features. — The surface of the county is gently rolling prairie, except along the margin of the streams, which are bordered with timber, and often rise into bold and precipitous bluffs from 50 to 250 feet high. In the northern part the county is well watered by Black Water, Heath, Beaver Dam, Brushy, Turkey and Muddy Creeks ; in the southern by Flat Creek, Lake Creek, Spring Fork, Basin Fork, Camp Branch and Elk Fork with their tributaries. La Mine River, curving sharply westward, enters the county in the north-east, and after pursuing a winding course for a mile or two, turns to the east and leaves as abruptly as it entered. Most of the streams, which are clear and pebbly-bottomed, abounding in fish, flow north-easterly toward the Missouri into which they empty by means of La Mine River. The soil is generally a rich dark loam, from 15 to 30 inches deep, underlaid with clay, and but few counties in the State excel it in pro- ductiveness. Of the 446,289 acres embraced in the county, about 360,000 are prairie, and the remainder, except a few thousand acres of bottom lands along the creeks, is bluff"y or gently sloping timbered land. At least 400,000 acres are capable of cultivation, and the rough lands when cleared are suitable for pasturage. The timber which skirts the streams consists of oak, hickory, hackberry, black walnut, black oak, etc. Agricultural Productions. — Wheat and corn are the staple crops, some of the farms having 1,000 acres of each. Hemp, oats, tobacco and castor-beans are also cultivated. Cattle, hogs, horses and mules are raised in great numbers and shipped to eastern and southern markets. Timothy, clover and blue grass have in some sections almost superseded grain-raising for stock. About three-fourths of the county is under cultivation, and 75,000 acres are woodland. In 1870 over 1,500,000 bushels of grain were raised, and the number of cattle, hogs and sheep were over 68,000. Mineral Resources are not largely developed. Coal exists in all parts of the county, and a number of banks have been opened. Lead has been found, and two companies have been formed to ascertain if it exists in paying quantities. Iron occurs in different places ; red and yellow ochre are abundant, and potters' clay is being worked near Dresden and Lamonte, and emery of a superior quality, in large quantities, has recently been found in the north-eastern part of the county. Zinc and water-limestone have also lately been discovered. PETTIS COUNTY. 429 The Manufacturing Interests are as yet not fairly defined, but the favorable location and the railroad facilities will doubtless make Sedalia a good manufacturing point. In the notice of the towns will be found fuller accounts of the manufactories of the county. "Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $12,000,000.* Railroads. — There are 75 66-100 miles of railroad in this county, of which the Missouri Pacific R. R. extending across the center from east to west has 31 25-100 miles; the Lexington Branch running north-west from Sedalia 20 75-100 miles, and the Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R. from the south-west to the north-east has 33 85-100 miles inclusive of switches. The Exports are chiefly, cattle, horses, sheep and hogs, besides corn, hay, hides, wool and coal. Flour, steam-engines, farming ma- chinery and utensils, buggies, carriages and farm wagons, horse collars, saddlery and harnesses are exported to some extent. The Educational Interests receive marked attention. Public schools are established in every sub-district, and are well attended, and supplied with excellent teachers. The number of children of school age is 6,338 ; average attendance, 4,004. There are 94 primary, 2 high and 7 colored schools, besides 7 private schools ; 80 frame school-houses, 6 brick and i log; aggregate value, $100,320; value of furniture and appa- ratus, $7,800. There are iii teachers employed in the public schools, the highest salary paid being $150 per month; average salary paid to men, $46.27; to women, $35.50 per month. Beaman. — See Marlin. Dresden, on the M. P. R. R. , 7 miles w. of Sedalia, was laid out about i860, by Wm. Agee and Thos. Lester. It contains 5 stores, 2 wagon and 2 broom-factories, i pottery, i flouring-mill, i grain elevator, 2 churches, i public school with 3 teachers, and i school for colored children. Population in 1870, 348. Dunksburg. — See Sigel. Green Ridge, on the M. K. & T. R. R., 12^ miles s. w. of Sedalia, was laid out in 1870 by Albert Parker, Esq., of Sedalia, and called Park- ersburg, but the name was changed to the name of the post-office formerly about a mile distant from the present town. It contains 4 stores, a wagon shop, etc., and has a good public school building. Pop., about 200. Georgetown, on the Lexington Branch of the M. P. R. R., 3 miles n. of Sedalia, is the oldest town in the county, having been laid out in 1837, from which time until 1862, it was the county seat. It contains Forest Grove Seminary, one of the oldest educational institutions in Central Missouri, and Georgetown College, incorporated about 1869, which also has a high reputation. Population, about 500. ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $6,319,452. Taxation, )J2. 60 per Jioo. Bonded debt, {590,000, being a railroad debt : Lexington Branch $305,000; Missouri, Kansas & Texas, {285,000. Floating debt, fco.ooo. The bonded debt of Sedalia is {100,000 making the total county and municipal debt {690,000. 430 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL Houstonia, on the Lexington Branch of the M. P, R. R., i6 miles n. w. of Sedalia, was laid out in 187 1, and named in honor of Col. T. F. Houston. It contains 2 churches — Christian and M. E. Ch. South, valued at about 1^1,500 each; a flouring-mill worth ^11,000, and 5 stores. Population, about 200. Hughesville, on the Lex. B'ch of the M. P. R. R., n miles n. w. of Sedalia, laid out in 1871, and named in honor of R. Hughes, Esq., one of the oldest residents of the county, contains 2 stores, a hay press and warehouse. Population, about 50. Ionia City, 16 miles s. w. of Sedalia, was laid out in 1866 by Henry Pollard, now of Clinton. It contains 2 stores and about 50 inhabitants. Keightley's, a station on the M. K. & T. R. R., 6>^ miles s. w. of Sedalia. Lamonte, on the M. P. R. R., 12 miles w. of Sedalia, was laid out in 1867 by Col. F. W. Hickox and J. R. McConnell. It is a growing town in a fine farming country, and has i hotel, a good school, a pottery, 6 stores and 3 churches — Christian, Methodist and Presbyterian, valued at $3,000 each. Population, about 400. Lincolnville, adjacent to Sedalia, sometimes called St. Eyre, and popularly known as " Darkeytown," has a population of about 1,000, all of whom are colored. Until 1872, it formed a part of Sedalia, and is still within that school district, and also within the corporate police limits. It has 2 churches — Methodist and Baptist. Longwood, 15 miles n. e. of Sedalia, one of the oldest towns in the county, contains a half dozen stores and shops, and a population of about 100. Marlin, (Beaman,) 7 miles n. e. of Sedalia, on the M. K. & T. R. R., founded in 1873, has one or two stores. Rowletta, a post-office 6 miles n. of Lamonte. SEDALIA, "the Queen City of the Prairies," the county seat, 189 miles w. of St. Louis, 96 miles e. of Kansas City, and 30 miles from the Missouri River, was laid out in 1859 by Gen. Geo. R. Smith, and the same year the first house was erected by James Skinner. The place was originally named Sedville, by Gen. Smith, for his daughter Sarah, familiarly called Sed, but the name was afterward changed by him to Sedalia. In January i860, the M. P. R. R. was opened from St. Louis to the town. Gen. Smith having been one of the most active workers in raising funds to locate it on what was known as the Inland Route, to distinguish it from the River Route. This, for more than 2 years, was the terminus of the road, work on it being stopped by the Civil War. In the early part of the war, this place was made a d6p6t for military supplies, and remained a military post until the surrender. During this time no substantial improvements were made, owing to the numerous raids of the Confederate troops which kept the surrounding country in a state of PETTIS COUNTY. 431 excitement. The town was captured twice during the war, first by Capt. Staples in 1861, and afterward by Gen. Jeff. Thompson, with apart of Gen. Sterling Price's command, Oct. 15th, 1864. In 1862, for greater security the county records were moved from Georgetown to Sedalia, which has since remained the county seat. At the close of the war, the population was about 1,000, and its buildings were so temporary that scarcely any of them are now standing. A charter was granted to the town Feb. 15th, 1864, with Gen. Smith as the first mayor, and from that time the growth has been more substantial and permanent. For some years it was the principal shipping point for the South-west, and now takes rank among the most important railway centers of the State, being on the line of the M., K. & T. R. R., (the general offices of which company are located here) ; also on the M. P. R. R. , and the south-western terminus of the Lexington Branch of the latter road. All these roads have round-houses and machine-shops at this place, employing many workmen and paying out ^50,000 per month. The city donated to the M. P. R. R. 20 acres of land and $40,000 in bonds to remove their shops from Jefferson City, Holden and State Line and concentrate them at this point. In 1868 a gas company was organized, and on Jan, 23d, 1869, the town was first lighted with gas. A boulevard called Broadway, 1 20 feet wide, having four rows of shade trees dividing the road into four drives, has been laid out; and on this have been erected some very fine residences, costing from six to thirty thousand dollars. The Library Association, organized in 1871, has fine library and reading rooms. The Central Missouri Agricultural and Mechanical Association and the Central Missouri Horse Fair Association have extensive grounds and hold annual fairs. The High School building and grounds on Broadway are worth $40,000. There are 3 other school buildings, one of which is for colored children. The city is well supplied with water from Flat Creek, 3 miles distant, by the Holly Water Works, erected in 1872 at a cost of $125,000. From the works to the highest point of the town is an elevation of 153 feet, and with the engines nearly 3 miles distant, they have force enough to throw 3 streams of water 135 feet high. There are 4 newspapers — The Times, weekly, published by Cephas A. Leach, The Sedalia Bazoo, daily and weekly, by J. West Goodwin, The Opinion, weekly, by J. G. Magan, and The Detnocrat, daily and weekly, by the Democratic Press Co., A. Y. Hull, editor. The city contains 10 churches — Catholic, Baptist, M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South, German Methodist, Presbyterian, O. S. Presbyterian, Congregational, Christian and Episcopal, with an aggregate value of $73,000. The location of Sedalia, near the center of the State, its railroad communication in 5 directions. 432 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. its water works giving it an abundant supply of water, and the fine agri- cultural country surrounding it, make its prospects good for being a successful manufacturing point. There are now i foundry, an agricultural implement manufactory, a tannery, i collar, i soap, i carriage and 4 wagon factories, i woolen and 2 flouring-mills, with a capacity of 300 barrels per day, 3 banks, more than 300 business firms whose trade in 1872 amounted to over ^4,000,000, and several wholesale houses having an extensive trade through the South-west. Population in 1870, 4,560; present population, about 7,000 to 8,000, 1,000 of whom are colored. Sigel, (Dunksburg,) 20 miles n. w. of Sedalia, and 7 miles from Brownsville, was laid off in 1849, ^^^ called Bee Branch from the stream on which it is situated, afterward named in honor of Dr. B. F. Dunkley, who owned the land on which it is built, but when that gentleman became a sympathizer with the Confederate cause, it was rechristened in honor of Gen. Sigel. It was here that Capt. Wallace F. McGuire, in 1861, captured a large squad of Confederates, after a sharp fight. The place contains 2 churches — Christian and Methodist, i store, i flouring-mill, i wagon shop, etc., and a vineyard and wine vaults. Population, about 150. In the immediate neighborhood there is plenty of timber, water, building stone and coal, and excellent quarries of whetstone and grind- stone. Smithton, on the M. P. R. R., 8 miles e. of Sedalia, was laid out in i860, and was formerly called Smith City, in honor of Gen. Geo. R. Smith. It has 4 churches — Methodist, German Methodist, Christian and Baptist; aggregate value, about ^6,000; i flouring-mill, i wagon factory, 6 stores and a fruit tree nursery. Population in 1870, 310. Thornleigh, a post-office 8 miles n. of Sedalia. PHELPS COUNTY, In the south-east-central part of the State, is bounded north by Maries and Gasconade Counties, east by Crawford and Dent, south by Dent and Texas, and west by Pulaski and Maries, and contains 429,163 acres. Population, in i860, 5,714; in 1870, 10,506, of whom 10,212 were white and 294 colored, 5,292 male and 5,214 female; 9,692 native (5,317 born in Missouri) and 814 foreign. History. — The first settlers in what is now Phelps County were McCagor Morris, who located on Big Island, and Benj. Wishon, Jas. S. Dillon, S. M. Nichols, John Webber, Snodgrass, and Martin Miller, who settled near and west of the present site of Rolla. In 1826, Samuel Massey of Ohio, came to the county, and was guided by Mr. McCagor Morris to the present site of the Maramec Iron Works, where Mr. Massey entered about 1,500 acres of mineral land for himself and for Mr. Thomas James, of Ohio. The latter soon followed him to the new country, and these two gentlemen built the Maramec Iron Works, which went into operation in 1829, and are consequently the oldest works of the kind in Missouri. A little settlement sprang up here, and in 1835 ^t contained about 50 families, among whom were those of Messrs. Gorman, Farry, Hawkins and others, who are still residents of Phelps. This county was organized from Crawford Nov. 13th, 1857, and the first county court was held Nov. 26th of the same year, at the residence of John A, Dillon, 6 miles east of Rolla, Wm. C. York, John Motlack and Hiram Lane, justices; Francis Wishon, sheriff; and Lyle Singleton, clerk. The county was but sparsely settled until after the close of the Civil War, for although the A. & P. R, R. was completed to Rolla in i860, the almost immediate commencement of hostilities pre- vented immigration, and it was not until after the restoration of peace that the settlement of this county fairly commenced. Physical Features. — Along the larger streams the country is broken and hilly, interspersed with perpendicular bluffs from 200 to 300 feet in height. The bottoms vary from a few hundred yards to a mile in width, bordered by high ridges, upon the top of which are wide tracts of level or slightly undulating land. Between these ridges, the country extending from one stream to another, is diversified with broad, smooth, but irregular swells, between which are exceedingly fertile valleys, not usually exceeding half a mile in width, but often several miles in length, and known as ** prairie hollows." The whole being sufficiently undulat- ing to be well drained, and, excepting a small portion, sufficiently level -434 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL for agricultural purposes. The timber consists of the different varieties •of oak, also walnut, maple, ash, elm, sycamore, etc. The best timber is found in the bottoms, but some portions of the highlands produce a medium growth of white, black and post oak. hickory and hazel. A part is sparsely timbered with small black jack, post oak and hickory, forming what are termed "oak openings." The country is watered by the Gasconade, Big and Little Piney, Beaver, Bourbeuse, Maramec, Spring Creek and other smaller streams, all of them clear and rapid, and furnishing fine mill sites. Springs are numerous, and many of them furnish good water power, especially Mara- mec Spring at the Maramec Iron Works. The soil is generally very productive along the bottoms, in the prairie hollows and on the broad ridges, where most of the prairies are found, deep and rich. The hillsides produce an abundance of grasses, and seem especially adapted to the cultivation of the grape. There are a number of interesting caves, the most accessible of which is Friede's Cave, about 9 miles n. w. of Rolla. Its mouth is 60 feet in width and 35 feet in height. It has been penetrated to a distance of three miles without finding any outlet. It contains three large chambers, respectively called, the Bat Chamber, Waterfall Chamber, and Stalactite Chamber. The latter is a beautiful apartment of 200 yards in length, varying from 15 to 30 feet in width and from 5 to 30 feet in height. The Bat Chamber contains thousands of wagon loads of bat guano, which is extensively used by the farmers of the neighborhood. The cave also contains quantities of saltpetre, and during the war large amounts of powder were manufactured there. Agricultural Productions. — All kinds of grain do well, and wheat is considered a sure crop. The excellent grass, short winters, extensive range and abundance of water, with the near market, make stock-raising very profitable. All kinds of fruit and vegetables suited to the latitude, yield abundantly. Mineral Resources. — There are, in Phelps County, about 40 known deposits of blue specular iron ore, and many more smaller depos- its. Among the most prominent are the Maramec, Buckland and Beaver Creek banks, the aggregate shipments from which reached in 1873, upwards of 35,000 tons of high grade ores. The first named mine has been worked for a number of years, and has supplied the Maramec furnace with ore. This furnace is 9}^ feet bosh and 34}^ feet high, cold iDlast, using charcoal fuel ; the power is furnished by a large spring. The iron from the furnace is hauled to St. James, 7 miles distant, and reaches market over the A. & P. R. R. The Ozark Iron Works, 10 miles west of Rolla, have just been completed. The furnace is 13 feet bosh, 42 feet high, hot blast, charcoal fuel, and will use ores from the Beaver Creek and other convenient banks. No systematic explorations for lead and PHELPS COUNTY. 435 zinc have yet been undertaken, but their existence is presumed from the great developments of the 3d magnesian limestone in portions of the county, and is confirmed by the large amount of float mineral that is from time to time discovered. Copper has been found as segregations in some of the iron deposits, but not in paying quantities. Good sand- stone and limestone for building are found in all parts of the county, and are accessible, and easily quarried in almost any desired shape or size. There is also good clay for brick, and an excellent quality of fire clay is found in large quantities. The Manufacturing Interests of Phelps County are yet in their infancy. They consist of the Maramec and Ozark Iron Works, 8 large flouring-mills and several smaller ones, 2 wagon and carriage manu- factories, I cigar factory, 2 planing mills, i tannery, 4 wool carding machines, 3 saw-mills, 2 saddle and harness manufactories, and i woolen- mill. Wealth. — Valuation of the county, per census of 1870, $5,000,000.* Railroads. — The Atlantic & Pacific R. R. has n miles of track, passing through the county from east to west. The Beaver Branch R. R. extends from Beaver Station to Beaver Mines, a distance of 4 miles. The Exports are mainly iron ore, pig iron, wheat, flour, cattle, hogs, tobacco and wagons. There were about 35,000 tons of iron ore shipped from mines in this county in 1873. Educational Interests. — The public schools are numerous and well managed. The reports for 1873 show 51 organized sub-districts, 54 school-houses, — 11 frame, 2 brick and 41 log, with a total value, exclusive of furniture, of about $45,000, 75 teachers, 4,571 children of school age, (97 colored), of whom 2,976 were enrolled in the schools. In the larger towns are excellent graded schools. Arlington, on the A. & P. R. R., 12 miles s. w. of Rolla, and on the Gasconade, at the mouth of the Little Piney, contains 2 stores, and is a prominent lumber shipping point. Population, about 150. Beaver Valley, at the junction of the Beaver Branch with the A. & P. R. R., 5 miles w. of Rolla, has i store. Blooming Rose, a p. o. 27 miles s. of Rolla. Buckland's, on the A. & P. R. R., 5 miles w. of Rolla. Dillon, on the A. & P. R. R., 5 miles e. of Rolla. Edgar Springs, a p. o. 19 miles s. w. of Rolla, contains a store and school-house. The latter is used for worship. Flat Wood, a p. o. 8 miles n. w. of Rolla. Jerome, on the Gasconade River and on the A. & P. R. R., 14 miles vv. of Rolla, has i store, i school-house and 3 saw-mills. ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, ^2,657,434. Taxation, ^1.75 per |ioo. Bonded debt, ^138,000. 436 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Little Piney. — See Ozark. Maramec Iron Works, 7 miles s. e. from St. James, has about 200 inhabitants, all employes of the works owned by the James estate. It contains i store, i Union church and a school-house. Ozark, (formerly Little Piney,) a new town on the A. & P. R. R.,. 10 miles w. of Rolla, contains i store, i church, a school-house, and a population of about 300. This village has sprung up as if by magic, — the result of the Ozark Iron Works. It is neatly and substantially built, and is well supplied with water, conducted from a neighboring spring tO' a reservoir on a hill above the village, and thence distributed. Relfe, 20 miles s. w. of Rolla, contains i store, i flouring-mill, and r carding-machine and cotton-gin. ROLLA, the county seat, on the A. & P. R. R., 114 miles from St. Louis, is the principal trading point for South-central Missouri, and the chief town on the railroad between St. Louis and Springfield. During- the Civil War, being the terminus of the Pacific Railroad, it was an im- portant military point. It was held by the Federal troops, and was. sought by hundreds of southern refugees. The court-house is a commodious building, having cost about ^28,000. The town is now growing rapidly,. and the buildings erected are of a tasteful and substantial character. The place has an excellent public school, 4 churches — M. E. Ch., Pres- byterian, Catholic and colored, (aggregate value of church property,, about ;^ 18,500), besides several other organizations which have as yet nO' buildings, 2 weekly neAvspapers The Rolla Express, published by CleinO' & Wagner, and the Rolla Herald, by H. S. Herbert ; 2 large flouring- mills, I carding machine, 2 wagon and 2 saddle and harness manufac- tories, I cigar factory, i planing-mill, 3 wholesale, and a large number of retail stores and i bank. Population, about 2,500. We present herewith a cut of the public school building at Rolla, erected in 1871, at a cost of about $35,000. It is a handsome three-story brick structure, built in modern Italian style, and with quoins and facings of light colored stone. It is 86 x 71 feet, 50 feet high, independent of the basement, in which is placed the heating apparatus, and contains 13 rooms, each 25 x 29 feet, two of which on each floor can readily be thrown into one large hall. Two stairways on each side furnish ample opportuni- ties for ingress and egress. It is occupied ten months each year by a well organized and successful graded school. The Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy, a department of the State University, was created by a legislative act of February, 1870,. providing for the disposition of the congressional grant of land for the support of agricultural and mechanical colleges. In conformity with the provisions of the act, that the location of the school was to be deter- mined by the highest bid made by any county in South-west Missouri having mines within its limits, the board of curators of the S^ate Uni- PHELPS COUNTY. 437 versity, in June 187 1, located the school at Rolla, and in November of the same year the first session was opened in the Rolla Public School building, a part of which it has since occupied, and where it will remain until the erection of the extensive buildings now in contemplation for its kccommodation. The school is designed to give as thorough and as practical training as possible in Civil and Mining Engineering, Metallurgy and Assaying, and the sciences upon which these arts are based. It has been well equipped with engineering, chemical and physical instruments- ROLLA PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDING. and apparatus, cabinets — both scientific and technical — and library. The course of instruction, which is peculiar in the large amount of practical laboratory and field training given to students, requires three years for its Completion, and leads to the degree of civil or mining engineer, according to the course of study pursued. Special students are allowed to enter a( iny time and follow such branches of study as may be selected, and upon ()assing satisfactory examinations therein, receive certificates of profici- ency. There is also a preparatory department in which students are trained in mathematics and the English branches, and fitted for entrance to the 438 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL technical school proper. The president of the State University, Daniel Read, LL.D., '\s ex-offido president of this school, and the Director of the school is Dean of the Faculty, which is as follows : Chas. P. Williams, Ph.D., Director and Professor of Analytical Chemistry and Metallurgy; J. W. Abert, A.M., Professor of Applied Mathematics and Graphics; Nelson W. Allen, A.B., Professor of Pure Mathematics; George D. Emerson, M.E., Professor of Civil and Mining Engineering; R. W. Douthat, A.M., Professor of English branches; W. E. Glenn, M.D., Lecturer on Anatomy, Physiology and Hygiene. During the year 1873-4, the third year of the school, there were 105 students, who each pay a nominal charge of ^20 per annum. St. James, on the A. & P. R. R. 104 miles from St. Louis and 10 miles e. of Rolla, beautifully situated on an elevated prairie, was laid off as Scioto by Mr. John Wood in 1857. It was afterward purchased by Messrs. William James and James Dunn, who changed the name to St. James. The first town lots were sold in 1859, and soon after Mr. Alfred Leathers built the first frame house. Mr. James built the first store, known still as the Big Red Store, and soon after the St. James hotel was erected. This town is second in importance in the county, and large quantities of iron and iron ore are shipped from here. It contains 8 stores, one church, value about ^3,500, a school-house, value about $2,000, a Masonic hall,, a merchant flouring-mill and i woolen and carding factory. Population, about 600. Spring Creek, 25 miles s. of Rolla, has i store, a flouring-mill and a school-house. Taylor's, on the A. & P. R. R. 3 miles w. of Rolla. Yancy Mills, 13 miles s. w. of Rolla, contains a flouring-mill. PIKE COUNTY, In the eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Ralls County, north- east and east by the Mississippi River, which separates it from the State of Illinois, south by Lincoln and Montgomery, and west by Audrain and Ralls Counties, and contains 420,860 acres. Population in 1820, 3,747; in 1830,6,129; in 1840, 10,646; in 1850, 13,609; in i860, 18,417 ; in 1870, 23,076, of whom i8,8Si were white, and 4,195 colored; 11,829 male and 11,247 female; 22,233 native, (15,140 born in Missouri) and 843 foreign. History. — This county was settled as early as 181 1, by citizens from South Carolina, but owing to Indian hostilities the settlements were tem- porarily abandoned, though soon after resumed and permanently main- tained. Little is known of the Spanish and French settlers in this sec- tion, nor does it appear that they ever had homes here, the only trace of them being seen in the irregular lines of the old land grants, many of which cover the best lands in the county. Pike was_ organized December 14th, 1818, and the first term of the circuit court was held April 12th, 1 819, at the house of Obadiah Dickerson, in the town of Louisiana ; Judge David Todd presiding, Michael J. Noyes clerk, and Samuel K. Caldwell sheriff. At this time Pike County embraced all that portion of the State (then a territory) north of Lincoln County, extending west along the northern boundaries of the river counties, a domain of magnificent pro- portions, equal in area to several of the smaller States. In fact, the old settlers were in the habit of speaking of their broad county as the "State of Pike." At its early settlement the inhabitants suffered the privations incidental to frontier life, the dangers being greatly enhanced by the presence of warlike Indians, and to protect themselves and property they erected forts, in which they lived for several years. Remains of ancient stone buildings, probably fortifications, are still to be seen on most of the high hills near Buffalo Creek, a few miles from Louisiana, in some instances showing the form and size of the building. One or two of the Jordan family (who were the first comers into the county) were killed by the Indians, and were buried near the present Buffalo church. The Jor- dans, Mackeys, Templetons, Carrolls, Brandons, Henrys, and others of the original settlers have passed away, but their descendants constitute a large proportion of the present population of the county. Mijamin Templeton, one of the ante-war settlers, and Mrs. Nancy Brandon are still living; also Christy Jordan, colored. In 1820, Pike was reduced to its present limits by the organization of new counties. The military record of Pike has always been good, both in the number 440 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL and bravery of her soldiers : whether in the early Indian wars, where they endured great suffering ; or in the Mexican War ; or in the late Civil War, where • the county was largely represented in both armies. When gold was discovered in California, many of the inhabitants of Pike emigrated thither, and were conspicuous among the " old forty-niners" — their boasted sobriquet — of the gold regions, for their hardihood and energy. Physical Features. — The surface of the county is gently rolling, sometimes rising into small hills, and in the central and western parts are large tracts of prairie. The soil of these is a rich black loam, exceed- ingly fertile, and in the valleys also are fine farming lands. The hill-sides are sometimes poor and flinty, but some, especially along the Mississippi River, seem well adapted to fruit, particularly grapes. There is but little barren land, although there is considerable swamp, or rather overflowed land in the Mississippi Bottom, and in the years when no inundation takes place, it yields immense crops of corn, oats, grass and even wheat. This county is well watered and drained, in the north by Spencer, Peno, Sugar, Haw and Grassy Creeks, running into Salt River; by Noix, Buffalo, Calumet and Little Calumet, Big and Little Ramsey, and Gwin Creeks flowing easterly into the Mississippi, and by Sulphur Fork, North Fork, Indian Fork and West Fork in the south-west, emptying into Cuivre River. Numerous mineral springs of health-giving properties are found ; among others, Buffalo Spring, near Louisiana, and Elk Lick near Spen- cersburgh. Salt springs and wells are found, though none sufficiently impregnated for manufacturing salt. The prevailing rock is limestone. The timber consists of white, burr, Spanish, red, black, post and water oak, sycamore, elm, cottonwood, black and white walnut, and shell-bark hickory, pecan, birch, wild-cherry, maple, sugar-maple, hackberry, linn, mulberry, honey-locust, coffee-bean, redbud, etc. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn and the grasses. Tobacco has been largely raised for many years, the lands being well adapted to its growth. Hemp yields well, but a large proportion of the land formerly devoted to its culture, and also much of the tobacco lands have been converted into meadows, as the raising of stock has been found to be more profitable. Much of the tobacco land has, of late years, been cultivated in wheat, which yields abundantly, and is less exhaustive to the soil. The climate and the soil are especially favorable to apples ; grapes and peaches also grow well, although the peach cannot be regarded as a certain crop. The Mineral Resources of Pike are confined to a valuable vein of coal in the south-western part, and fine limestone and building stone, which are found in exhaustless quantities in most parts of the county. Manufacturing Interests. — Several large and valuable establish- ments are now in operation in Louisiana, Clarksville, Frankford, Spen- FIKE COUNTY. 441 •cersburgh and Bowling Green. Capital can be profitably invested here in manufacturing. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $15,550,000.* Railroads. — Though among the latest counties in Missouri to com- mence in earnest the building of railroads, it is a fact that the first sur- vey that was made, and the first railroad charter granted in the State were for a road from Louisiana to Columbia, in Boone County, in 1837. The survey was on the most direct line between the two points named, and not differing widely from the line of the Louisiana & Missouri River R. R., now operated by the Chicago & Alton R. R. Company, The first enterprise went no further than the survey and charter, and was attended by adventures which would form an interesting story if faith- fully told. The whole amount of railway lines now in operation and course of construction in the county — is about 85 miles, of which the completed portions — the Missouri Branch (Louisiana & Missouri River R. R.) of the Chicago & Alton R. R. is 25 miles; the Clarksville & Western, graded and partly tied and ready for ties, about 30 miles, and Pike County Short Line, graded and partly tied and ironed, about 30 miles. The Clarksville & Western is consolidated with the Mississippi Valley & Western R. R., forming a continuous line from Keokuk to St. Louis by the river towns, and destined to be one of the great railroad highways from the Upper to the Lower Mississippi. There are about 70 miles of very fine turnpike in the county. The Exports are wheat, corn, tobacco, apples, horses, mules, cattle and hogs. Educational Interests. — Many public schools are in successful ope- ration, and although the school tax causes some complaint, the mass of intelligent citizens favor the system. Nearly every sub-district is sup- plied with good school-houses, many of them very fine buildings, and the schools, taught by competent teachers, are in session from six to ten months every year. Baptist College at Louisiana, Watson Seminary at Ashley, and the high schools at Clarksville, Louisiana and Bow- ling Green, rank well among the institutions of learning of the State. In the county there are 93 school-houses — 62 frame, 13 brick and 18 log, which, including grounds, are valued at ^83,815, furnished at a cost of $8,318.45. The average salaries paid teachers are, to males, $50; to females, $42 per month. Aberdeen, a post-office 12 miles s. of Louisiana. Ashburn, a post-ofiice 8 miles n. w. of Louisiana, and 15 miles n. n. e. from Bowling Green. Ashley, on the turnpike, 6 miles s. of Bowling Green, was laid out in 1836 by Wm. Kerr, and named in honor of one of Missouri's most dis- * Assessed valuation in 1873, ^7,962,863. Bonded debt, 460,921. About ^50,000 of this is being paid off annually. 442 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. tinguished sons, Gen. Wm. H. Ashley. It is a pleasant country town, surrounded by a fine section of country, has a good local trade and excellent educational advantages, having, besides a flourishing public school, Watson Seminary, which is free to all indigent scholars. It con- tains the number of business houses usual to a town of about 400 inhabitants. BOWLING GREEN, the county seat, on the Mo. Division of the C. & A. R. R., 12 miles s. e. of Louisiana, is situated near the center of the county, and, except Buffalo Knob, is on the highest point of land in Pike. The town was first settled in 1819. The county records were removed thither from Louisiana (the old county seat) in 1824. For some years it had a struggle for existence, but since the construction of the Mo. Bch. of the C. & A. R. R. it has made rapid advances in population and improvement. It is also on the projected Pike Co. Short Line R. R., which, when completed, will be the connecting link in the St. L. & K. R. R. Among its principal buildings are a fine court-house, a good pub- lic school, 3 churches, a bank, several fine blocks of stores, i tobacco manufactory, i saddler's and 2 wagon and plow shops, i buggy factory, i saw and grist-mill and 2 hotels. It contains i newspaper — The Post, edited and published by H. Purdom. Population, about i 000. Calumet, a post-oflfice 1 1 miles e. of Bowling Green. Clarksville, 13 miles e. n. e. of Bowling Green, has a fine location on the Mississippi River, 1 2 miles below Louisiana, upon the site of an old stockade fort. It is inclosed by beautiful cliffs, and is adjacent to a wealthy and intelligent farming community. Col. Wm. Shaw states that in 181 2, while he was engaged with a party of 20 men in building a tem- porary stockade where Clarksville now stands, a band of Indians sur- prised and killed the entire family of one, O'Neal, about 3 miles above Clarksville. ''In company with Mr. O'Neal," continues Col. Shaw, ^**I hastened to the scene of the murder, and found all killed, scalped and horribly mangled. One of the children, about a year and a half old, was found literally baked in a large 'dutch oven,' in which it had evidently been thrown alive." The town was laid out in 1819. Among its early settlers were John Miller, (its founder — afterward Governor of Missouri,) Messrs. Graham, Wash; Philan and others. In 1854, it became an incorporated city. This place is on the line of the M. V. & W. R. R., (late the C. & W. R. R.,) which, when completed, will give it direct communication with the outer world. It has 2 fine mills, also, vinegar, tobacco and barrel factories, and i bank, several churches, an excellent high school, and i newspaper — The Sentinel, published by L. A. Welch. Clarksville is known among river men as "Appletown," on account of the great number of apple-barrels shipped from there every fall. Population, about I J 400. PIKE COUNTY. 443 Curry ville, on the Missouri Branch of the C. & A. R. R., 9 miles west of Bowling Green, was laid out by Perry A. Curry, in 1867. It has a good public school building, i hotel and several stores, and is built on a fine rolling prairie, well adapted to grazing and stock-raising. Pop- ulation, about 200. Frankford, 1 2 miles n. w. of Bowling Green, in a fine agricultural neighborhood, was laid out in 1 831, by Solomon Fisher. It is on the projected P. C. S. L, R. R., contains a large wool-carding and cloth manufactory, and has a thriving local trade. It has several churches, a good school, 9 stores and i harness shop. Population, about 500. Louisiana, the largest town in the county, and the principal shipping point, is pleasantly situated on the Mississippi River, 114 miles above St. Louis, and on the Mo. Div. of the C. & A. R. R., 274 miles from Chicago, and 102 miles north-east of Jefferson City. The M. V. & W. R. R., by which it will be about Z^ miles from St. Louis, will pass along its river front when completed. The Mo. Div. of the C. & A. R. R. crosses the river here over their recently completed bridge, which is a splendid structure. The Q. A. & St. L. R. R. is completed to this point on the opposite side of the river, and enhances the railroad facilities of this thriving city. This place was founded in 1818, by Samuel K. Caldwell and Joel Shaw, and was the first seat of justice, and the first town laid off in the territory which afterward became Pike County. Louisiana is surrounded by hills, and being located upon one of the highest of these, commands an extended view of the Mississippi, and the fertile shores of Illinois on the opposite bank, while back of the city rise the wooded and vine-clad hills like terraces to the height of 200 feet above the river level. The people are enterprising, intelligent and hospitable. Baptist College was founded here several years ago, and the public schools and the high school are well organized and fully attended. The place was incorporated as a town in 1845, and as a city in 1849. The lumber trade is the largest interest, it being one of the best lumber markets in the State ; many millions of feet are shipped annually. There are in the city 2 large merchant flouring-mills, 2 banks, 2 foundries and machine shops, 6 wagon and plow, and 6 barrel manufactories, etc. The tobacco factories of Louisiana have a wide reputation, their brands being well known throughout the country. There are also 2 newspapers— the /^//r- nal, Reid & Lamkin editors and proprietors, and the Press, published by the Riverside Press Co. Population, about 6,000, New Harmony, laid out in 1857, on Indian Creek, 9 miles s. w. of Bowling Green, is situated in a fine prairie country, well adapted to stock-raising, which is the principal business of the farmers in the vicinity. It contains 3 stores, i wagon shop, i hotel and a saw and grist-mill. Popu- lation, about 200. New Hartford, 10 miles s. w. of Bowling Green, on Indian Creek, 444 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL contains a church and school building, 5 stores, i carriage manufactory, I hotel, and i saw and grist-mill. Paynesville, 18 miles s. e. of Bowling Green, laid out in 1831 by- Andrew Forgey and named in honor of Wm. Payne, is in the midst of a rich farming country, and has a good local trade, increased by that of the adjacent part of Lincoln County. The Forgey Seminary, a fine school named for the founder of the town, is located here. There are several fine churches in the place, and the citizens as a class are intelligent and enterprising. The town contains 7 stores, i saw and grist-mill, etc. Population about 300. Prairieville, 12 miles s. e. of Bowling Green, was laid out in 1837 by Wm. Nally, is surrounded by a fine tobacco and grass-growing country, and contains an Episcopal church, a good public school and 4 stores. Reading, a post-office 8 miles w. of Louisiana. Spencerburgh, laid out in 1836 by J. M. McQuie, is 5 miles n. w. of Curryville its nearest shipping point, and is supported by a fine farming country. It is about 3 miles from the mineral spring known as Elk Lick. It contains i church, a public school, 5 stores, i woolen-mill, i saw and grist-mill, i wheel-wright shop and a few other business houses. Popula- tion, about 200. Vannoy's Mill, a post-office 12 miles s. w. of Bowling Green. PLATTE COUNTY, In the western part of the State, is bounded north by Buchanan County, east by Clinton and Clay, south and west by the Missouri River, which separates it from Kansas, and contains 267,000 acres. Population, in 1840, 8,913, in 1850, 16,845; J" i860, 18,350; in 1870, 17,352, of whom 16,160 were white and 1,192 colored; 9,114 male and 8,238 female ; 16,359 native (9,896 born in Missouri) and 993 foreign. History. — Platte is the southern county of the famous Platte Pur- chase, and its first white inhabitant was Zadoc Martin, who, by the per- mission of Government, settled about 1827 on the Platte River, and kept a ferry at the crossing of the military road from Liberty to Fort Leavenworth. The Indian title was extinguished in 1837; the portion which is now Platte County was attached to Clay, and after this, the tide of emigration flowing steadily into this new country, its fertile fields were soon appropriated by actual settlers. The county was organized December 31st, 1838, and the first county court held March nth, 1839, at the Falls of Platte (now Platte City), in an old log cabin, occupied by Michael D. Fayler as a dwelling. This court consisted of John B. Collier, Hugh McCafferty and Michael Byrd, justices, and Hall L. Wilkinson, clerk. Two weeks later the first circuit court was held at the same place. Judge Austin A. King (after- ward Governor of Missouri) presiding; John H. Owens, sheriff; Wm. T. Wood (now judge of the Jackson County circuit) circuit attorney, and Major Jesse Morin clerk. The latter was the first State Representative from Platte County. At this court the following were admitted as attor- neys: Hon. D. R. Atchison, Gen. A. W. Doniphan, Amos Reese, Russell Hicks, Peter H. Burnett, Theo. D. Wheaton, Gen. Andrew S. Hughes, James S. Thomas, A. E. Cannon, John A. Gordon and Gen. Wm. B. Almond. The last five are no longer living. The first election was held May nth, 1839, when a justice of the peace was chosen for each of the four townships into which Platte County was then divided. From this time, land titles were the source of much contention, until the lands were brought into market in 1842. After this the county advanced at a rapid rate, until her prosperity was checked by the Civil War, when about 2,000 of the citizens enlisted in the army, on one side or the other, and nearly all who remained were enrolled in the militia for local service. Several severe skirmishes occurred here; one in November 1861, at the crossing of Bee Creek, between Weston and 446 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Platte City, in which a number were wounded ; and another at Cam- den Point, July 1864, when the Federals, under Cols. Ford andjennison, met the Confederates under Col. Thornton, where 13 men were reported killed and many more wounded. Considerable fighting also took place in other parts of the county, of which no official records were made, and on the whole, Platte can boast of having borne her share in the disastrous struggle which laid waste so large a portion of south-west- ern Missouri ; but owing to her natural advantages and the fertility of her soil, she has recuperated more rapidly than almost any other part of the State. Physical Features. — About one-fifth of Platte County is undulating prairie, the soil of which is of unsurpassed fertility. The remainder is heavily timbered with the various species of oak, hickory, walnut, elm, hackberry, etc., and when cleared produces fine crops. The Missouri Bluffs are generally too steep to be easily cultivated, but may some day be crowned and flanked by beautiful vineyards. The growth on them is about the same as that on the uplands. The county is well watered by the Platte River, from which it derives its name, and its tributaries, Dick, Smith's Fork, Prairie Creek, etc., also by many small tributaries of the Missouri River, chief of which are Bear,. Moore, Bee and Brush Creeks. Prof. Broadhead says: "Probably no county in the State possesses superior advantages to Platte. It contains a large quantity of rich land, is well watered, and abounds in good timber, including most kinds that are useful." The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, hay and potatoes. Tobacco is raised to a considerable extent, and its cultiva- tion is increasing every year. Barley, rye, hemp, broom-corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes and buckwheat grow luxuriantly. Blue grass grows spon- taneously where timber has been thinned out, and timothy, red-top and other grasses succeed well. The soil and climate are well adapted to fruit-growing, and the number and extent of orchards are annually increasing, many farmers making it a specialty. Stock-raising is a source of wealth to the county, and of late years some fine breeds of animals have been introduced with marked success. Mineral Resources. — There is probably some coal, and good build- ing stone abounds. The Manufacturing Interests consist of 7 good flouring-mills, i cheese and 4 plow factories. ^A^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $13,000,000.* Railroads.— The Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs R. R. runs '^Assessed valuation in 1873, $4,968,845 Bonded debt, $360,000. Taxation, $1.65 per $100. Thff county has prompdypaid its interest, and appropriates $12,000 annually as a sinking fund for the payment of its bonds due in 1886. PLATTE COUNTY. 447 north-west along the Missouri Bottom, having nearly 40 miles of road. The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific R. R. traverses the county from the iron bridge across the Missouri at Fort Leavenworth, in a north-eastern direction, and has 26 miles. There are also 10 miles of this latter road connecting Edgerton and Atchison by way of New Market. The Exports are pork, bacon, lard, corn, wheat, stock, the small grains, hemp, wood, timber and fruit. The Educational Interests are in a flourishing condition. Schools are taught from six to ten months a year in every sub-district, and there are high schools at Camden Point, Weston and Platte City. Beverly Station, a post-office at the junction of the K. C. St. J. & C. B. R. R. with the C. R. I. & P. R. R. 6 miles s. w. of Platte City. Block's Mills. — See Shivelton. Camden Point, on the C. R. I. & P. R. R. 7 miles n. of Platte City, is the seat of the Christian Orphan School, now accommodating 125 boarders, of whom ten are supported and educated gratuitously. It has several stores and a population of about 350. City Point, (East Leavenworth,) on the Missouri River and K. C. St. J. & C. B. R. R. 5 miles s. of Beverly, is a small village of 150 inhabi- tants, chiefly connected with the Leavenworth ferry and the railroad, or engaged in the wood and lumber business. East L#eavenworth. — See City Point. Edgerton, on the C. R. I. & P. R. R. 13 miles n. e. of Platte City, is situated in a fine agricultural neighborhood and is increasing in impor- tance. Population, about 100. Farley, 4 miles s. e. of Leavenworth has a population of about 150. latan, on the Missouri River a'Rd on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 10 miles n. w. of Beverly, surrounded by a fine country, is one of the oldest towns in the county. It contains 3 stores, a hotel, etc. New Market, on the C. R. I. & P. R. R., 8 miles n. w. of the Junction of the C. R. I. & P. R. R. with its Branch, is the center of one of the finest agricultural regions of the State. Population, about 250. Parkville, on the Missouri River, at the mouth of the Platte, and on the K. C. St. J. & C. B. R. R., 20 miles s. e. of Beverly, was laid out in 1839 by Col. Geo. S. Parks; it was once a place of considerable import- ance, but decreased in population during the war, and now has only about 600 inhabitants. Col. Parks still resides here, and is spending his declining years and large income in the culture and improvement of the native fruits, and to his enterprise the county owes many of its finest varieties. PLATTE CITY, the county seat, situated on the Platte River, and on the C. R. I. & P. R. R., 310 miles from Chicago and 11 miles from Leavenworth, was settled in 1840, and has a population of about 600. There is a fall of about 8 feet in the Platte River at this point. 448 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL which is increased by a dam to 14 feet. This valuable water power, which is sufficient for extensive manufactories, is now used only for a flouring-mill. Platte City was, in 1856, the head quarters of the "border ruffians," and consequently during the late Civil War, was an object of hatred to the "jayhawkers" and *' red-legs" of Kansas, and was twice burned by the military. Its court-house is a massive structure, which cost ;giio,ooo. Its public school is an honor to the place. Daughters' Col- lege is a prosperous female boarding school. There are 2 banks and about 10 stores in the place and 2 newspapers — The Landmark, published by Park & Nisbet, and the Democrat, by L. Shepard. Ridgeley, 3 miles s. of Edgerton, has a population of about 150. Shivelton, (Block's Mills,) on the K. C. St. J. & C. B. R. R., 14 miles n. w. of Beverly Station, has a io.^ houses. ^A/'ald^on, on the K. C. St. J. & C. B. R. R., 9 miles s. of East Leavenworth, is a small town which has grown up around Waldron's extensive mills. ^Veston, on the Missouri River and K. C. St. J. & C. B. R. R., 3 miles n. of Beverly, in a fine agricultural and blue grass region, was laid out in 1837, and soon became the commercial city of the county. It shipped more hemp than any other port on the Missouri. Tobacco, also,, for some years was largely exported. But both these products have fallen off. Up to the commencement of the war, Weston was a prosperous city, and contained a population of over 3,000. But the rise of rival cities, the loss of a large Indian trade from the old territory of Kansas,^ together with the impoverished state of the people, caused by the Civil War, has reduced it to nearly one-half of its former population. It is still,, however, the most important place in the county, and seems lately to- begin to revive. It now has 10 churches — Episcopal, Presbyterian, M. E. Ch. South, Baptist, Christian, Lutheran, Catholic, German Reformed,, and Methodist and Baptist, colored; aggregate value, $50,000. The public school building is elegant and commodious, and the city affords instruction to over 500 children. The place contains 2 banks, 2 hotels,. 12 stores, 2 very superior flouring-mills, a furniture factory, several wagon; and carriage shops, and the usual number of mechanics. Col. Benjamin Holliday, so extensively known throughout the West for his enterprise, began his career by keeping a log tavern in Weston, in 1839. That he has not forgotten the scene of his youthful fortunes, was shown, a few years ago, by his generous donation of $1,000 to assist in building a Baptist church in Weston. Among other noted men who have at times been residents of this place, are Gen. Andrew Hughes and his son. Gen. Bela M. Hughes, Gen. F. P. Blair, Gen. Stringfellow, Col. Abell, Theodore F. Warner, (a grandson of Daniel Boone,) who still resides here, Charles A. Perry, Judge James N. Burns, Col. Jno. Doni- PLATTE COUNTY. 449 phan, Judge S. P. McMurdy, Benj. Wood, L. M. Lawson, (now a banker in New York,) Judge S. S. Gilbert, Henry M. Allep, Geo. W. Belt, Dr. Joseph Malin, T. A. Stoddard and Dent G. Tutt. There also resides in Weston, Thomas J. Ellis, a soldier 82 years old, who blazed the site of Fort Leavenworth in 1827. POLK COUNTY, In the south-western part of the State, is bounded north by St. Clair and Hickory Counties, east by Dallas, south by Greene, and west by Dade and Cedar Counties, and contains 422,400 acres. Population in 1840, 8,449; in 1850, 6,186; in i860, 9,995; in 1870, 12,445, of whom 12,186 were white and 259 colored, 6,249 male and 6,196 female, 12,364 native (6,794 born in Missouri) and 81 foreign. History. — The first settlements were made as early as 1820, by emi- .grants from Tennessee, although the county was not organized until March 13th, 1835, up to which time it had formed a part of Greene County. It was named in honor of James K. Polk, of Tennessee. The first court was held September 7th, 1835, at Bolivar, Chas. H. Allen pre- siding, and Joseph English sheriff. Of the grand jury then impanelled there is only one survivor — Amos Richardson, who lives near Humans- ville. John S. Phelps, of Springfield, was the first attorney admitted to practice in this court, his signature bearing date of August 7th, 1837. During the late war this county suffered slightly compared with others in its vicinity. Physical Features. — The face of the country is generally undu- lating, but somewhat broken along the streams, and very diversified, being nearly equally divided between prairie and timber. The Pomme de Terre River enters at the south-eastern corner, and, flowing north- westerly, leaves near the center of the northern boundary. By this stream, and its numerous tributaries and sub-tributaries, the county is abundantly watered in the eastern and central parts, while in the west are many creeks and branches which flow into the Sac River. The streams are clear and rapid, and at many different points afford fine water power. The finest timber is along the streams, and consists chiefly of the different varieties of hickory, oak, elm, walnut, cherry, maple and sycamore. The soil, which is generally rich and productive, is classed as white ash, black loam and red clay, the latter being pecu- liarly adapted to the raising of wheat. There are many extensive and beautiful prairies, among which are the Twenty-five Mile Prairie, which covers an area of 20 square miles, in the northern portion of the county, and is separated by the Pomme de Terre from Sentinel and Flint Prairies, which lie in the midst of the oak wood- lands of the north-east. On the east is Buffalo Head Prairie, several miles in extent, and near the center of the county is Three Mound Prai- 452 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL rie, so called from three mounds of vermicular sandstone in the vicinity^ There are, also, Pleasant Prairie in the southern. Crisp Prairie in the south- western, and Valley Prairie in the west and north-western parts. The latter commences at a point 9 miles west of the center of Polk and extends north-west to the Osage River, near Osceola, in St. Clair County. Fine springs abound, and at Bolivar, at Humansville, on Col. Acock's plan- tation, 10 miles south-east of Bolivar, and in several other localities these are impregnated with sulphate of iron, and other minerals. On the East Fork of Sac River, near the village of Orleans, and ten miles south-west from Bolivar, are the Wallula Chalybeate springs, noted for their medic- inal properties. These issue from the rocks, high up among the hills of the river, into which they pour their waters. The surroundings are exceed- ingly beautiful, the hills rise above the narrow valleys in terraces and escarpments, and terminate in isolated, grotesque cliffs. Far below, the waters of the river are seen gleaming through the foliage that fringes its banks, while beyond is Pleasant Prairie, with its broad farms and well- cultivated fields, and in the distance the Ozark Hills form an indistinct, irregular outline against the horizon. Agricultural Productions. — Tobacco is a sure and profitable crop, and many farmers are turning their attention to its culture. The soil is well adapted to the cereals, vegetables and grasses that flourish in this latitude, blue grass growing spontaneously, and wheat yielding an average of 20 bushels per acre, while the bottom lands produce immense crops of corn, etc. There are many fine orchards, and apples, pears, peaches and plums yield plentifully, some of the native varieties being sweet and pal- atable. The soil also seems adapted to the growth of the grape, as the indigenous varieties grow in abundance. Stock-growing is an important interest. Horses, mules, cattle, hogs and sheep are raised, the climate being most favorable to the last named. The A. & P. R. R. has about 12,000 acres of good land in this county, which is offered for sale on liberal terms at from ^3 to ^7 per acre,* Mineral Resources. — Lead and sulphuret of zinc are found in small quantities. On the border of Flint Prairie are the traces of "old diggings," which have led many to believe that some valuable mineral has been found, and still exists there, but it is possible they were made by the aborigines to obtain flint for their arrow-points. Polk County rests upon a formation of magnesian limestone, which is easily quarried, and furnishes excellent building stone. In many places this formation is super- laid with a coarse brown sandstone, contemporaneous with Hugh Miller's "Old Red" series, destitute of fossils, and not valuable for building pur- poses; and under this deposit lies that singular argillaceous sand-rock ♦The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St. Louis to the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix— POLK COUNTY. 453 known as the vermicular, or worm-eaten, while above this formation encrinital limestone is found, which, when burned, makes good lime. The bluffs of the Pomme de Terre are magnesian limestone capped with, ferruginous sandstone, and in the eastern portion of the county but little of any other formation is found. The East Fork of Sac River cuts through ledges of shelly lime-stone, and through vermicular rock into the magnesian series. In portions of the county red sandstone is the prevailing rock. In the bottoms of the Pomme de Terre, the remains of the mastodon and mammoth, with other species now extinct, have been found imbedded with the bones of the bear, buffalo, elk, wolf, etc. The Manufacturing Interests are mainly confined to grist and saw-mills, to the production of home-made cloth and other fabrics, and to the manufacture of wagons. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^4,500,000.* The Exports are corn, wheat, rye, hogs, cattle. The Educational Interests are attracting more attention yearly. The number of schools at present is 88. There are high schools at Bolivar and Morrisville ; the former connected with the graded school, the latter under the auspices of the M. E. Ch. South. BOLIVAR, the county seat, incorporated in 1867, is pleasantly situ- ated near the center of the county, and is 90 miles s. of Sedalia and 30 miles n. of Springfield, with both of which places it is connected by daily mails. It contains 3 hotels, 2 churches — M. E. Ch. South and Baptist, and a high school building, i bank, 18 stores, 2 cabinet, 2 wagon and 2 saddle and harness shops, i wool-carding machine, i cotton gin, 1 steam saw and i steam flouring-mill, and 2 newspapers — The Free Press, edited by James Dumars, and The Herald^ edited by L. J. Ritchie. The present court-house was built in 1841. It is a brick structure somewhat antique in style, but in a good state of preservation. Pop., about 750. Brighton, 12 miles s. e. of Bolivar, contains i store. Fair Play, 10 miles w. of Bolivar, contains 2 stores. Half^vay, 12 miles e. of Bolivar, has 2 stores, i wagon shop, etc. Humansville, 16 miles n. w. of Bolivar, was one of the first settled towns in the county. It contains 9 stores and i cooper and i saddler's shop. Population, about 300. Morrisville, 10 miles s. of Bolivar, contains a population of about lod. and 2 stores. Orleans, 10 miles s. w. of Bolivar, has i store, and a flouring and saw-mill. Payne's Prairie, a post-office 9 miles n. e. of Bolivar. . Pleasant Hope, 17 miles s. e. of Bolivar, contains a carding-machine, 2 stores and some shops. * Assessed valuation in 1873, $2,737,678. Taxation, $1.70 per $100. Bonded debt, ♦43,500. Float* ing debt, ^10,000. 454 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Rondo, a post-office lo miles n. of Bolivar. Sentinel Prairie, is a post-office 14 miles n. e. of Bolivar. The neareast railroad station to all of these towns is Springfield, in Greene County, 30 miles distant from Bolivar. PULASKI COUNTY, In the south-central part of the State, is bounded north by Miller and Maries, east by Phelps, south by Texas and Laclede, and west by Laclede and Camden Counties, and contains 371,200 acres. Population in 1840, 6,529; in 1850, 3,998; in i860, 3,835; in 1870, 4,714, of whom 4,689 were white and 25 colored; 2,440 male and 2,274 female; 4,622 native (2,953 born in Missouri) and 92 foreign. History. — In 181 6, Messrs. Johnson, Dulle and Cullen with their families emigrated from Mississippi, and settled in the valley of the Gas- conade near the well-known saltpetre cave, 5 miles v/est of Waynesville. They engaged in the manufacture of gunpowder, finding a ready market for it among the trappers and hunters who frequented this region. About a year after their arrival, Mr. Cullen started out with his usual load of powder to supply some neighboring customers, and was never heard from again. Messrs. Johnson and Dulle soon after removed to Bartlett's Spring and built a mill which has been much improved since then, and is now one of the best in the vicinity. Soon after the removal of the whites from this cave, some friendly In- dians, 5 Shawnees and 2 Delawares, who had taken possession of it, were attacked by over 100 Osages. All day the little band within the cave defended themselves, losing but one of their number. At nightfall the Osages, many of their braves having fallen, retired, but during the night blockaded the entrance of the cave. Next morning they removed the rubbish and entered with a whoop, only to discover that their supposed victims had escaped through another entrance to the cave, of which the Osages were ignorant. The settlers say that the dead Osages were piled up and left in a heap, and bleached bones yet remain to mark the spot where occurred one of the fiercest Indian battles of the South-west. In 181 7, Mr. Turpin of Kentucky, Jesse Ballew, Henry Anderson and Wm. Gillaspy of North Carolina, with their families, settled on the Gas- conade River, 12 miles south-west of Waynesville. Mrs. Anderson one evening returned from milking to find a huge wild-cat in the act of pulling the cover from her sleeping child. Quick as thought, the brave woman seized the beast by the throat and choked it to death. Soon after this, Elijah and Elisha Christeson located near the present site of Waynesville ; Isaac N. Davis 9 miles west, and Cyrus Colley, for whom Colley Hollow was named, and afterwards Jeptha West, Thomas Starke and Jesse A. Rayl, Sr. settled near Waynesville. Pulaski was organized Dec. 15th, 1818, and the county seat soon after 4S6 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. locatea at Waynesville. The notorious " Bank of Niangua " had its center of secret operations here. During the late Civil War, the county was infested by guerrillas. Life and property were insecure, and the loss of both was considerable ; but with peace, law and order were restored, and two houses have been built where one was burned. Physical Features. — The country is hilly and broken, especially along the water courses ; some of the hills or ridges are from 50 to 500 feet high above the streams. The post-oak flats are less rough, in some places only gently undulating, and in others too low for cultivation. The most extensive flats lie between the Gasconade and Robidoux, and east of Big Piney River. The county is drained by the Gasconade River, Robidoux Creek and Big Piney River, and the valleys of these streams and some of the hills near by are heavily timbered with oak, black walnut, hickory, maple, elm, cottonwood, dogwood, etc. Good water power is furnished by the streams and by several springs. The valleys of the streams are narrow but very productive. The uplands are generally thin, with clay subsoil, but by proper cultivation and rotation of crops will produce well. There are, besides the saltpetre cave already mentioned, several others of interest, one in the north-east on the Gasconade River, in which human skulls and skeletons are found, the latter placed in a circle, while the former are heaped in the center. To what race they belong has not been determined. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, barley, rye, oats, buckwheat, tobacco, vegetables and fruit ; several varieties of the latter grow in perfection. The sunny slopes and hillsides of the Gasconade are admir- ably adapted to viticulture. The abundance of wild grasses and the quantity of unoccupied land makes stock-raising easy and cheap. The Atlantic & Pacific R. R. has about 84,000 acres of land for sale on liberal terms at from ^2.50 to $8.00 per acre.* The Mineral Resources of the county are not developed, and pro- bably will not be until means of transportation are improved. Iron ore has been found in many localities. Brown hematite occurs along the bluffs of the Gasconade and Piney. There is a large deposit of specular ore similar to that used at the Maramec Iron Works, about 3 miles south-east of Woodend. About \]^ miles south-east of Waynesville is a large deposit of brown hematite. Numerous other places show indications of rich deposits. Lead has been found in small quantities. Nitre occurs in several caves, the principal of which is about 5 miles north-west of Waynesville. It has a wide entrance about 30 feet above the Gasconade. The nitre appears on the walls and the clay on the bottom of the cave is strongly impregnated with it. ♦The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be paid, with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St. Louis to the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix— Page PULASKI COUNTY. 457 The Manufacturing Interests are such as are common to a new 'County, a few grist and saw-mills, blacksmith shops, etc. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $1,000,000.* Railroads.— The Atlantic & Pacific R. R. passes through the northern part of the county, having 33 miles of track. The Exports are wheat, oats, fruits, bacon, lard, hides, iron ore, and for 1873, 47^ c^"" lo^ds of stock. Educational Interests. — Public schools are established through- >out the county in over 40 sub-districts, having a session of from three to six months each year. At Waynesville, Dixon, Crocker and Richland are well supported and creditable private schools. Bellefonte, a post-office 11 miles s. w. of Waynesville. Crocker, on the A. & P. R. R. 150 miles from St. Louis, is a growing village with 2 general stores, and is the railroad station for Waynesville. De Bruin, 6 miles s. w. of Waynesville, has i general store. Dixon, on the A. & P. R. R. 12 miles n. e. of Crocker, settled in 1869, has 3 stores, i grist-mill, 3 hotels, i church and i public school. Population, about 300. Dundas, a post-office 14 miles s. of Waynesville. Franks, a station on the A. & P. R. R. 17 miles e. of Crocker. Hancock. — See Iron Summit. Iron Summit, (Hancock,) on the A. & P. R. R. 6 miles n. e. of Crocker, has 2 stores, i hotel and i public school. This town is the shipping point for the great iron bank in Miller County. Richland, on the A. & P. R. R. 13 miles s. w. of Crocker, built in 1870, has about 500 inhabitants, and is one of the most flourishing villages of the county. The Richland Institute, the best school in the county, is located here, and owns a substantial two-story building furnished in modern style. The Christians, Methodists and Baptists have organi- zations, but as yet no buildings. There are 7 stores, i hotel and i newspaper— r>%f Richland Sentinel, Lemen & Tomson editors and pro- prietors. St. Annie, a post-office 18 miles s. of Waynesville. WAYNESVILLE, the county seat, 10 miles s. of Crocker, is pleasantly situated in the valley of the Robidoux, near the center of the county. The land upon which it is built was given by Wm. Moore und Josiah Christeson, who laid off the town in 1834. It has a new and elegant court-house erected in 1873, 3 stores, i public school, and a popu- lation of about 100. The Baptists and Methodists have organizations here but no church buildings. Woodend, a station on the A. & P. R. R. 6 miles s. w. of Crocker. ♦ Assessed valuation in 1873, $713,479- Taxation, gi.17 per $100. Bonded debt, J6,ooo. Floating debt, $8,000. PUTNAM COUNTY, In the extreme northern part of the State, is bounded north by Iowa, east by Schuyler County, south by Adair and Sullivan, and west by Mercer, and contains 331,487 acres. Population in 1850, 1,636; in i860, 9,207; in 1870, 11,217, of whom 11,208 were white, and 9 colored ; 5,651 male and 5,566 female ; 11,046 native, (4,993 born in Missouri) and 171 foreign. History. — Some settlements were made in the eastern part of the county as early as 1837. Among the early settlers were James Cochran and Isaac and Clifford L. Summers, who located near the present site of Omaha; Isaac and Jesse Gilstrap, John F., W. G. and Miles Crabtree, and Joseph, Joshua, John and Henry Guffey, who settled on Goshen Ridge, which extends from north-west of Hartford to south-east of Mar- tinstown ; James M. Brasfield, who lived near Pleasant Home, besides the families of McCollom, Marshall, Mullinix and Martin. These all came previous to 1844. The Indians left in the summer of 1845, ^^^ during the next ten years a large number of families, many of them from Kentucky, located in the rich prairie lands and many fine farms were made. Some of these early settlers still live in the county ; one of them, Henry Guffey, a native of Tennessee, died in 1874 at the age of 107 years. From 1837 until about 1850, Hannibal, 130 miles distant, was the most convenient trading point to which the settlers drove their hogs and cattle, and carried their beeswax, honey, venison, peltries, furs, hickory nuts, etc., returning with the dry goods and groceries they required. At this time, as the nearest mill was Ely's mill, now Nineveh, Adair County, 10 miles distant, mortars and hand-mills were chiefly used in making meal and hominy until about 1847, when a few water power and horse-mills were erected. Putnam was organized Feb, 28th, 1845, ^^nd Putnamville, in the north- eastern part of the county, was the first county seat, but it was changed to Winchester Jan. 6th, 1849. After the adjustment of the difficulty between Iowa and Missouri, the counties of Putnam and Dodge were greatly reduced in size, and early in the spring of 1853 the limits of the former were extended to include the whole of the latter. About this time the county seat was again removed to Harmony, and a few years later its name was changed to Unionville. Putnamville and Winchester have both fallen to decay, and another generation will scarcely remember their sites. From 1855 to i860 immigration increased; Government Land 46o CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL was largely entered and much of it placed under cultivation. This coun- ty remained loyal to the Federal Government during the Civil War, and the Putnam Militia, " the irrepressible and unterrified," were well known through central and southern Missouri, where they never failed to strike bravely and well for the cause they had espoused. Physical Features. — The eastern part is principally timber, while the central and western are prairie diversified with timber. The county is well watered in the eastern and central parts by North and South Blackbird, Wild Cat, Shoal, Brush, Kinney and other streams tributary to Chariton River; in the west by East and West Locust and Medicine Creeks and their branches. The timber is principally confined to the streams and the adjacent hills. In the bottoms it consists of elm, Cottonwood, black walnut, burr oak, hickory, ash, hackberry, birch and hard and soft maple ; on the hills it is mostly white oak, and on the level uplands are elm, hickory, and pin, burr and post oak. The soil of the bottoms is very productive. Elsewhere, except in the white oak districts, it is good and well adapted to the raising of all the cereals and grasses usually grown in this latitude. There are but few springs, but water for domestic uses is easily obtained by means of wells and cisterns. Agricultural Productions. — Corn is the principal crop, but wheat and other grains do well. Grasses grow luxuriantly, timothy, clover and red-top being planted for hay and blue grass for pasture. Grazing is good, and cattle, hogs, mules and sheep are raised largely. Mineral Resources. — The county is underlaid with coal, which exists in great abundance in the eastern part, in many places cropping out on the hillsides in strata about 3 feet thick. Little has yet been done to develop it, however. Limestone, and sandstone suitable for some building purposes, are also found in the eastern part of the county. Manufacturing Interests. — Farming implements are manufactured to some extent, and there are also a number of flouring and saw-mills. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^3,500,000.* Railroads. — The Burlington & South-western R. R. passes in a south-westerly direction through the central part of the county, having 16 miles of track. The Exports are corn, wheat, rye and oats, also, to some extent, hogs, cattle, mules, sheep, horses and wool. The Educational Interests are already well attended to, and are constantly receiving increased attention. There is a liberal school fund, and the entire county is organized into convenient sub-districts, each having a school-house, the majority of which are good buildings. There ' *As&essed valuation in 1873, 13,562,783. Taxation, ^1.65 p«r$ioo. Bonded debt, |zo7,ooo. Floating debt, 1 3,000. PUTNAM COUNTY. 461 are 5,072 children of school age, most of whom attend school a part of every year. Ayresville, 20 miles w. n. w. of Unionville, has i store and about 20 inhabitants. Central City, 12 miles w. of Unionville, has 2 stores, a wagon shop and about 25 inhabitants. Hartford, 10 miles e. of Unionville, was formerly the county seat, and is now a good trading point. It has 3 stores, 2 hotels, i harness and 2 wagon shops, a tannery, a good school-house, a church and a Masonic hall. Population, about 50. Holbrook, a p. o. on the B. & S. W. R. R., 10 miles n. of Unionville. Howland, (Mendota,) on the B. & S. W. R. R., 6 miles n. of Union- ville, has I store. Livonia, a post-office 18 miles e. of Unionville. Martinstown, 17 miles s. e. of Unionville, has 3 stores, and is a good trading point. Population, about 25. Mendota. — See Howland. Newtown, 25 miles s. w. of Unionville, has i store. Omaha, 12 miles e. n. e. of Unionville, has i store. Pleasant Home, a post-office 20 miles e. s. e. of Unionville. Prairie, on the B. & S. W. R. R., 4 miles s. of Unionville. St. John, 15 miles n. w. of Unionville, is a good trading point, and contains 2 stores, i wagon shop, and a good school-house, also used as a church. Population, about 75. Shoneytown, a post-office 14 miles n. e. of Unionville. Terre Haute, 15 miles s. w. of Unionville, is surrounded by a fine farming country, and has a good trade. It contains 2 stores and a wagon shop. UNIONVILLE, formerly called Harmony, the county seat, on the B. & S. W. R. R., promises at no distant day to be one of the leading towns in north-western Missouri. It contains 17 stores, 2 saddle and har- ness, and 2 wagon and plow shops, a flouring-mill, a carding-machine, a bank, a school-house, a court-house, 2 churches — Christian and Catholic, and 2 newspapers— 7"/^^ Republican, edited by W. T. O' Bryant and A. R. Webb, and The Ledger, edited by W. T. Bruer. During the winter of 1873-4, over 2,500,000 hoops, worth ^25,000, were shipped from this point, also a large amount of stock, corn, oats, furs, etc. Population, about 900. also 2 hotels and i furniture factory. West Liberty, 8 miles w. of Unionville, has a saw-mill, a store and a good school-house. Population, about 30. RALLS COUNTY, In the eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Marion County, east by the Mississippi River, which separates it from Illinois, and by Pike, south by Pike and Audrain, and west by Audrain, Monroe and Marion Counties, and contains 295,878 acres. Population in 1830, 4,375; in 1S40, 5,670; in 1850, 6,151; in 1860,8,592; in 1870, 10,510, of whom 9,255 were white, and 1,255 colored; 5,442 male, and 4,968 female; 10,091 native (6,431 born in Missouri), and 419 foreign. History. — The first settler in Ralls was James Ryan, while this county formed a portion of St. Charles. His deed, dated September 181 1, calls for a tract of land lying on Salt River, at the mouth of Turkey Creek. Charles Freemore de Lourier, of St. Louis County, entered Freemore's Lick and began making salt on the south side of Salt River, 3 miles north of New London, at a place known as Freemore's Lick, perhaps prior to, but certainly as early as 181 2, and remained there until driven off by the Indians, who destroyed the furnaces and filled up the wells. Two miles north of Freemore's Lick is Trabue's Lick, opened and worked about the same time by the father of A. E. Trabue. Judge C. Carstarphen, now (1874) 76 years old, made salt at this lick as late as 1833. On the bank of Salt River, buried some distance below the surface, a cannon was found, over which an oak tree, 1 3 inches in diameter, had grown ; the cannon bore marks of heavy action — evidently a Canadian piece of artillery used against the Indians. It was dug out in 1830, and remained in the judge's possession as a curiosity for many years. In 1840, Dr. McDowell, of St. Louis, purchased it, and removed it to his cabinet of curiosities in the Hannibal Cave. Other settlements were made in Ralls by the Matsons, Stark Sims and comrades in 181 6. Others came in 181 7 and 1818. Mr. John Chitwood, formerly of St. Louis County, and a volunteer of the war of 181 2, now (1874) a pensioner of the Government, is the only surviving head of a family of these early settlers, and but few of their immediate descendants now reside in the county. The county was organized from Pike, Nov. i6th, 1820. Col. Johnson and Daniel Ralls were the first representatives from Pike County, under the State constitution. The latter died during the session, and the new county was named in his honor. The first circuit court was held at the house of William Jamison, at New London, March 12th, 1821, Hon. Rufus Easton judge, presiding, R. W. Wells circuit attorney, Stephen 464 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL Glascock clerk, and Green DeWitt sheriff. The first county court was held at the same place July 2d, 1821, Peter Jouvney presiding justice, Peter Grant and William Richey justices, Stephen Glascock clerk, Green DeWitt sheriff. In 1832, pursuant to a call for troops in the Black Hawk War, two companies were raised in this county — one, commanded by Capt. Rich- ard Matson, was in active service; the other, John Ralls in command, was held in reserve, but was never ordered into active service. By authority of Gov. Edwards, a company of mounted volunteers was organized in this county to serve during the Mexican War. It was com- manded by Capt. Wm. T. Lafland, mustered into the U. S. service at Independence, Mo., about May 1847, ^" years, is now yielding large quantities of zinc besides lead, was discovered in 1824 •or 1825, about 10 years after Valle's first discovery, one mile further north. About 1835, John Perry, on the same section, discovered and worked for many years what is now known as Perry' s Mines which yielded more than the Vall6 mines, and are now under the control of the Valle Mining Co. About the same time Chadburn Mines (formerly BiscK) were discovered near the Perry Mines, and have been successfully worked ever since. St. Joe Mines are 3 miles north-west of Big River Mills, and 10 miles south- east of Cadet. The works here are among the best in the State, and con- sist of I refining and 4 reverberatory furnaces, which annually smelt over 1,500,000 lbs. of lead. Doggett Mines (formerly Mine a la Platte^ are in the northern part of the county, and were conceded to De Lassus in Oct. 1799, in a grant containing 2,500 arpents. Bogy Mines, 7 miles north- west of Farmington, conceded as ^^ Mine a Joe,'' to R. Easton and J. Bruff, July 17th, 1790, are now operated by a company of which Hon. Lewis V. Bogy is president. Ore is found at a depth of about 212 feet. Lead has been found in every township in the county. In the south- western part of the county is a quarry of red and gray granite that is of very superior quality. Some of the gray has stood a test pressure of 18,444 lbs. to the square inch. Manufacturing Interests. — Besides the furnaces mentioned above, there is the usual complement of saw and grist-mills, wagon shops, etc. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $12,550,000.* Railroads. — The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern R. R. and the Belmont Division of the same road, form a junction at Bismarck, the former having 9^ and the latter 28^ miles of track in the county. The Exports are iron, lead, granite and lumber. The Educational Interests are receiving increased attention, and public schools are being established generally throughout the county. Big River Mills, noted as being the first place settled in the county, situated 16 miles s. e. of Cadet, and 2^ miles from the St. Joe Mines, has I grist-mill and 3 stores. Bismarck, at the junction of the St. L. & I. M. R. W. with the Belmont Division, 75 miles from St. Louis and 6 miles n. of Iron Moun- * Assessed vaJuation in 1873, gz, 428,908. Taxation, $1.00 per $100. The county is out of debt. 500 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL tain, was laid out in 1868, and contains 2 hotels, 3 stores, a wagon shop, round-house and school-house. Population, about 250. Blackwell Station, in the extreme northern part of the county, situ- ated on the west bank of Big River and on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 51 miles from St. Louis, has i store and i hotel, and is surrounded by fine farming lands. Bontear, a post-office 1 1 miles s. e. of Cadet. DeLassus, 87 miles from St. Louis on the St. L., L M. & S. R. W. and 2^ miles w. from Farmington, was laid out in 1868 and has i large hotel, 2 stores and a good school-house. Population, about 50. Dent's Station, on the St. L., L M. & S. R. R., 2 miles south of Bismarck, has i store and i mill. FARMINGTON, the county seat, 2^ miles e. of DeLassus, 5 miles from Mhie La Motte, one of the finest lead mines in the State, and 6 miles from Saline Valley Mines in Ste. Genevieve County, is in the center of a very fine and productive valley that here finds a market at prices equal to those in St. Louis. It was laid out Nov. 4th, 1856, and contains about 700 inhabitants. It has 5 churches — Presbyterian, Cath- olic, M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South and M. E. Ch. colored, 2 public schools, one of which is for colored children, 3 hotels, 20 stores, i cabi- net, 4 wagon, I gunsmith and 2 saddle and harness shops, 2 livery stables, I brewery, i steam saw-mill, i steam merchant flouring-mill, a carding machine, 2 newspapers — The Era, published by Wash Hughes, and The Times, published by Ware & Rodehaver. One-half mile west of the town are located the St. Francois County Agricultural and Mechanical Fair Grounds, consisting of 20 acres of well improved and carefully arranged grounds worth $1,000. Flat River, 5 miles n. e. of Bismarck and in the vicinity of Bogy, Shaw v5^ Taylor Mines, contains i store. French Village, 17 miles e. of Cadet on Goose Creek, was laid out by the French in 1825, and has 2 stores, i school-house and i church — Catholic. Hazel Run, 1 1 miles e. s. e. of Cadet at the junction of Hazel Run with Terre Bleu, has i store and i mill. Iron Mountain, 6 miles south of Bismarck and 81 south of St. Louis, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., at the foot of the mountain of this name, (described under physical features) contains 2 large furna- ces, I flouring-mill, i store, (belonging to the company) i carpenter's shop and 3 churches — Calholic, Lutheran and M. E. Church, 3 schools — I public and 2 private, with a daily attendance of 210 pupils. A very commodious first-class hotel has been erected here by the company, and adds much to the appearance of the town. The buildings are generally neat frames erected by the company. Population about 2,500. Knob Lick derives its name from a Buffalo Lick at the foot of a ST. FRANCOIS COUNTY. 501 mountain i mile from the town. It is on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. R., 19 miles s. e. of Bismarck, was laid out in 1868, contains i store and is a shipping point for granite. Libertyville, 5 miles n. e. of Knob Lick, is surrounded by some of the finest farms in the county. It contains i brick church, i brick school-house, 3 stores, 2 wagon shops and i steam merchant flouring- mill. Loughboro, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. R., 7 miles e. of Bismarck, has I steam grist-mill and i store, and is surrounded by excellent creek bottom farms. Middle Brook, on the Iron County Line and on the Arkansas Branch of the St. L., I. M. & S. R. R., 84 miles from St. Louis, has a population of about 200. It is near the famous granite quarry for whch it is the usual shipping point. Stono, a post-office 6 miles s. w. of DeLassus. Wolf Creek is on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. R., 15 miles s. e. of Bismarck. STE. GENEVIEVE COUNTY, In the eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Jefferson County, north-east by the Mississippi River, which separates it from the State of Illinois, south-east by Perry and south-west and west by St. Francois County, and contains 316,711 acres. Population in 1810, 4,620; in 1820, 4*962; in 1830, 2,186; in 1840, 3,168; in 1850, 4,964; in i860, 8,029; in 1870,8,384, of whom, 7,953 were white, and 431 colored; 4*257 male, and 4,127 female; 7,208 native (6,129 born in Missouri) and 1,176 foreign. History. — About 1720, Renault, son of a celebrated iron founder of France, established himself at Fort Chartres, on the opposite side of the Mississippi, about 10 miles above the present site of Ste. Genevieve, and sent out mining parties through what is now Missouri, in search of the precious metals. What is now Ste. Genevieve County was traversed by these adventurous Frenchmen, and Beck, in his Gazetteer published in 1821, says, "A proof of the diligence with which Renault prosecuted his object is furnished by the number and extent of the old diggings, which are scattered over the whole mining district, and hardly a season passes without the finding of some ancient works overgrown with moss." Failing to find the gold and silver he sought, he turned his attention to the smelting of lead, which was conveyed on pack horses from the interior to Fort Chartres, and thence to France via New Orleans. These mining operations were carried on for many years before any settlements were made on the west side of the river. Tradition places the first settlement of Ste. Genevieve in 1735 ; a house was sold there in 1754, and new life was given it in 1763, when a number of French from Kaskaskia and St. Philip settled there, and a few miles below at New Bourbon, now scarcely remembered by the oldest inhabitant. An incident is narrated as occurring in 1780 worthy of mention. Dur- ing that year, which is known as 'Tannee du coup" (the year of the attack) the English and several tribes of Indians threatened an attack upon the town of St. Louis. Sylvis Frangois Cartabona, a governmental officer, was ordered to Ste. Genevieve, and there he raised a company of 60 militia men, who went up to St. Louis in a keel-boat, where they rendered material assistance by their presence, and especially by the decision and bravery of their commander. Captain Charles Valle. Notwithstanding the incom- petent and probably treacherous Lieut. Governor of St. Louis, Don Ferdinand Leyba, had neglected to furnish Capt. Vallfe's men with am- munition, he secretly supplied himself with that article, and when at last 504 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL the Lieut. Governor ordered the Ste. Genevieve men to spike their guns and retreat up into the garret, Valle bravely refused to obey orders, replying, " My post is near my cannon and not in the garret, and if the enemy comes I shall be ready to defend myself." After the danger of further attack on St. Louis had passed, the Ste. Genevieve company returned to their homes. Among those who settled in Ste. Genevieve prior to 1 785 were Joseph Loiselle, Jean-Bapt. Maurice, Francois Coleman, Pere Menard, Jacques Boyer and Julien Choquet. In consequence of the overflow of the Mississippi River in 1785, memorable as " V annee des grandes eaux" (the year of the great waters), a portion of the inhabitants of Kaskaskia, Illinois, emigrated to Ste. Genevieve. Among those who came about this time were Jean-Bapt. St. Geminiem P. Beauvais, Vital Beauvais, Jean-Bapt. Vall^ Sen., Henri Maurice, Parfait Dufour, Joseph Bequette, Jean-Bapt. Thomure, Joseph Govreau, Sen., Jean B. Janis, Francis Janis and Francois Vall6, com- mandant of the post of Ste. Genevieve from 1788 to 1803. These per- sons possessed strong constitutions, simplicity of manners, honesty of purpose and fondness for innocent amusements. Their clothing was remarkably plain, they wore heavy striped gingham pants, without the support of suspenders, but clasped around the waist, without vest, a blue or colored shirt, a white Mackinaw blanket coat, with a capuchon, moccasin shoes, and a blue cotton handkerchief around the head. The apparel of the early female inhabitants was also very simple, they wore cotton and calico dresses, and the waist was fastened by calico strings, their shoulders ornamented with a mantle, their'necks decked with a rich madras handkerchief, and their feet clad with moccasin shoes ] their heads were encircled with a blue or colored cotton handkerchief. The popula- tion, however, increased but slowly until 1787, when Congress passed an act prohibiting slavery in what was known as the North-western Territory, and the slave-holders, to preserve this kind of property, removed west of the Mississippi ; many of them settled in Ste. Genevieve, others in the interior. Among those who settled in Ste, Genevieve subsequent to the persons mentioned above, were the following : Bernard Pratte (grand- father of General Bernard Pratte, formerly mayor of St. Louis), Bolduc, Roussin, Lalumandiere, Deguire, Larose, Boyer, Courtois, Jean B. Moreau, L^clerc, Grifford, Duclos, Bequette, all of whom came from Canada. Also John Ribault, Lemeilleur, De Pestre and Jacques Guibourd, who came from San Domingo, having been driven away from there by an insurrection of the negroes. After these came Ferdinand Rozier, Van Prather, Charles Gregoire, Joseph Hertich, Kyle, Albert Bish and Joseph Bogy (father of Hon. Lewis V. Bogy, U. S. Senator from Mis- souri). The next settlers were from the eastern or southern States, mainly from Kentucky, and among them were Wm. Shannon, Thomas STE, GENEVIEVE COUNTY. 505 Oliver, Dr. Hervey Lane, from Virginia, John Scott, who was the first member of Congress from Missouri and in whose honor Scott County was named; Dr. Elliott, General Henry Dodge, who became U. S. Senator from and Governor of Wisconsin, and his son, Genl. Augustus C. Dodge, who became U. S. Senator from Iowa, and afterwards U. S. Minister to Spain ; John Rice Jones, who became U. S. Senator from Iowa, at the same time with Dodge, in 1845; ^r. Lewis F. Linn, formerly U. S. Senator from Missouri ; and General George W. Jones, late U. S. Minister to Bogota. From Tennessee, about 1800, came Col. Robert T. Brown, Col. John Smith, "T," the noted duelist, and Thomas Madden; and Capt. George Bullitt from Kentucky, Capt. Walter Wilkinson from Maryland, and Capt. William Cousins from Ireland. At this time Ste. Genevieve was the most important town in the Mississippi Valley, and monopolized the entire lead trade of this region. Pierre Menard went into business with Jean-Bapt. Valle in 181 1, closed in 1841, and earned over $700,000 in trade, mainly with the Indians. The county was reduced to its present limits in 1820. Physical Features. — This county has 25 miles fronting on the Mississippi River, the main thoroughfare for transportation, and is well watered in the southern part by Saline Creek and its tributaries, chief of which are North Fork of Saline and Little Saline ; in the central part by River Aux Vases and its tributaries, and the North Fork and South Fork of Gabouri and Fourche a Polite ; in the north by Establishment, Fourche a Duclos and Isle du Bois, the latter forming part of the north- ern boundary. In the extreme west Terre Bleu takes its rise, and flows in a westerly direction to Big River ; all the other streams empty into the Mississippi. There is considerable diversity of surface, but the country may be gen- erally described as hilly, the hills in many instances rising 500 feet above the Mississippi, and from 50 to 300 feet above the adjacent streams. The country bordering the head waters of the Aux Vases, also that along the Mississippi, Saline and Establishment is remarkably rough and broken. The soil on the uplands is generally good, but in some districts so thin and light as to be unfit for cultivation. The bottoms are exceed- ingly rich and well adapted to the growth of all the staples of the country. Timber is abundant, and, about the head waters of the Aux Vases, Establishment and Terre Bleu, consists of excellent pine, but the prevail- ing growth over the larger part of the county is black and post oak, black-jack and black hickory. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, the grasses and fruit, especially grapes. The Mineral Resources are varied, and although so long known are but little developed. They consist of lead, iron, copper, granite, brown sandstone and salt. 5o6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS QUEL The Manufactures consist of 5 large steam flouring-mills, 3 vvaterr mills, 5 saw-mills, i stave factory, and i valuable brown sandstone quarry, (shipping large quantities of building stone and grindstone,) located within a short distance of the Mississippi River, with which it is con- nected by an iron track. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $4,550,000.* The Exports are flour, wheat, fruit, wine, building stone, lead and white sand. * Railroads. — The Chester & Iron Mountain R. R., in process of construction, will pass through the county. The great river route from St. Louis now being agitated, will, of course, pass through Ste. Gene- vieve County. Educational Interests. — The tide has not yet set in favor of public schools, the parochial schools being preferred by the people. Since the war some few public schools have been established, but the school session only lasts three or four months of the year. The Sisters of the Convent at Ste. Genevieve receive pupils, and also have charge of the parish school. A fine college building has been erected at Ste. Genevieve by the Catholics, and is under the charge of the Bishop of St. Louis. Avon, 20 miles s. s. w. of Ste. Genevieve, is interesting from being the only point where lead is being mined. Furnaces are already built, and there is every indication that the mining will be successful. Bloomsdale, on Establishment Creek, 10 miles n. of Ste. Genevieve, contains i wagon-shop, i store and i church (Catholic.) Chestnut Ridge, a p. o. 20 miles s. w. of Ste. Genevieve. Grant's Hill, a p. o. 20 miles w. s. w. of Ste. Genevieve. New Offenburgh, 8 miles w. s. w. of Ste. Genevieve, settled by a colony from Baden, is a thriving settlement, surrounded by a beautiful country and fine vineyards. It has 2 stores and i Catholic church. Punjaub, 12 miles w. of Ste. Genevieve, is the center of a fine farm- ing country, and has i store and i good steam flouring-mill. Quarrytown, is on the Mississippi River, 5 m. below Ste. Genevieve. River Aux Vases, a p. o. 10 miles s. s. w. of Ste. Genevieve. St. Mary's, on the proposed C. & I. M. R. R., 9 miles below Ste. Genevieve, has a very pleasant location, commanding a fine view of the Mississippi River. It is in the extreme south-eastern corner of the county, a small part of the town being in Perry County. This is the usual landing for Perryville, and is an important business point. It contains 6 stores, 2 hotels, 2 churches, i of which is Catholic, i public school, I large steam flouring-mill — cost about $20,000, and i stave factory. Population, about 450. * Assessed valuation for 1875, ^2,154,582. Taxation, $1.49 per $100. The county has no debt. STE. GENEVIEVE COUNTY.- 507 STE. GENEVIEVE, the county seat, situated on the Mississippi River, 60 miles below St. Louis and 148 miles above Cairo, is the oldest town in the State. It was originally built directly on the bank of the river, but the great flood of 1785, referred to above, caused the inhab- itants to choose a higher situation. One of the wonderful changes of the Mississippi has occurred at this point, the main channel of the river having turned eastward, and an island formed between the town and river. A landing has been made a short distance above', at the mouth of Gabouri Creek, and also one below the town, the latter only used in times of extreme low water. The town was laid out in the same manner as the other French villages of the State (See St. Charles Co., p. 481), and in 1810 had 20 large stores, and was the point where St. Louis purchased supplies. It then required 4 months to go to Philadelphia and return, bringing goods via Pittsburgh and the Ohio River. Ste. Genevieve was thus described in 1821. ''The houses are generally one story high; frame or log, but all white- washed, which gives the town quite a lively appearance. Many of the new houses, however, are built of brick and are large and commodious. It has a chapel, a court-house and jail." Since then, many modern and substantial buildings have been erected, but on the whole, the town has changed less in its general characteristics, than any other in the State. French, English and German are spoken inter-changeably. Interspersed with the modern houses, are many which were built at an early day, looking strangely quaint and old. They are like a leaf from a past age bound in a volume of the new, and they serve to keep in remembrance those brave Frenchmen who navigated unknown rivers to penetrate new regions in search of the treasure France needed, or their compatriots, who, with a devotion not excelled in song or story, carried through a great portion of the immense territories of Illinois and Louisiana the teachings of the Christian faith. Many of the descendants of the pioneers of Ste. Genevieve are men of much wealth, and have held positions of honor and trust. On the 2ist of June, I808, "Ste. Genevieve Academy, in. the district of Ste. Genevieve," was incorporated, and James Maxwell, Jean-Baptiste Valle, Jacques Guibourd, St. James Beauvais, Francois Janis, Jean-Baptiste Pratte, Joseph Pratte, Walker Fenwick, Andrew Henry, Timothy Phelps, Aaron Elliott, Nathanael Pope, Joseph Spencer, Jr., John Scott, Wm! James, Thomas Oliver, Joshua Penniman, Wm. Shannon, George Bullitt, Henry Dodge and Harry Diel were appointed trustees. This place was the scene of a bank robbery in 1873, which, on account of Its audacity, created at the time much excitement throughout the State. The bank was entered in business hours by a gang of five or six armed men, who overpowered the cashier, O. D. Harris, Esq., who was alone and unarmed, and compelled him to open the safe, from which the 5o8 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS OUR L ruffians helped themselves to about ;^ 4,000 (a less sum than they expected to find), and then escaped, unharmed, with their booty on the fleet horses with which they had entered the town. It was afterwards ascertained that these men were strangers in the county, but had been wandering through the country under various guises for several weeks previous to the robbery, familiarizing themselves with the different roads. Ste. Genevieve contains 2 churches — Catholic and Lutheran, aggre- gate value about ^25,000, 7 stores, some of which do a very large busi- ness, 2 steam flouring-mills, 2 saddler shops, i bank, O. D. Harris, Cashier, the Catholic convent and parochial schools above referred to, I German Lutheran parochial school, 3 hotels and 2 newspapers — The Fair Flay, edited by S. Henry Smith, and the Freie Fresse (German) edited by Frank Klein. Population, about 2,000. Attached to Ste. Genevieve is the Common or Big Field, as it is familiarly known, which has an area of about 4,000 acres, and is owned by the inhabitants of the town and the neighboring farmers. Not having been overflowed for about fifteen years, it is not so rich as formerly, but still produces very large crops of corn and wheat. ST. LOUIS COUNTY, In the eastern part of the State, is bounded north by the Missouri River, which separates it from St. Charles, east by the Mississippi River, which separates it from the State of Illinois, south by Jefferson County and west by Franklin, and contains 295,780 acres. Population in 1810, 5,667; in 1820, 10,020; in 1830, 14,125; in 1840, 35,970; in 1850, 104,978, of whom 97,541 were white and 7,437 colored (5,967 slave and 1,470 free); in i860, 190,524, of whom 184,313 were white and 6,211 colored (4,346 slave and 1,865 free); 94,438 native and 96,086 foreign; and in 1870, 351,189, of whom 183,356 were male and 167,833 were female; 324,760 were white and 26,387 colored; 226,811 native (155,913 born in Missouri, 6,586 born in Kentucky, 7,755 in Ohio, 7,602 in Illinois, 3,533 in Tennessee, and 4,787 in Virginia and West Virginia) and 124,378 foreign (of whom 34,803 were born in Ireland, and 65,936 born in Germany). History. — St. Louis County is one of the five original districts, (St. Charles, St. Louis, New Madrid, Ste. Genevieve and Cape Girardeau,) of which Missouri was formed. The first settlement within its limits was made at St. Louis in 1764, and its early history is so identified with that of St. Louis City, that it will be found written under that head. Physical Features. — St. Louis County lacks but little of being an island, having the Missouri on the entire northern boundary, the Missis- sippi on the eastern, and the Maramec on a great portion of the southern. The line between it and Franklin, 10 miles in length, is the longest straight line on its border, all the others, with the exception of 8 miles on the southern boundary, being formed by the windings of the rivers. The interior is well watered by tributaries and sub-tributaries of these streams, chief of which may be mentioned Wild Horse and its branches, Bonhomme and Hamilton, Creve Coeur, the outlet of Creve Coeur Lake, Fee Fee, Cold Water or St. Ferdinand, which flow into the Missouri ; Gin- gras, River des Peres and Gravois, flowing into the Mississippi ; Mattice, Grand Glaize, Fishpot, Keefer, Hamilton, Eureka and Fox, tributaries 01 the Maramec from the north; and on the south, Antrep, Williams, Flat and Saline Creeks. From the mouth of the Maramec to the city of St. Louis, the banks 01 the Mississippi are in many places high and rocky, although the interior soon becomes level and presents a very fertile soil. A short distance above St. Louis the banks are low and subject to inundation. This bottom, which is from one to one and a half miles in width, was originally covered Sio CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. with a heavy growth of timber; it extends along the Mississippi to the mouth of the Missouri, and about 4 miles along the latter, thence the sur- face becomes elevated and undulating, and the soil in many places, especially in Florissant Valley, is equal in fertility to any in the State. On the Maramec River there are some tracts of fertile land, and indeed the bottom lands are generally very productive, but ascending from these the country becomes undulating, occasionally hilly with second rate soil. This is especially true of the lands west of St. Louis, after leaving the rich bottoms of the River des Peres. In earlier times this county, although possessing beautiful prairies, was abundantly wooded, but timber is now becoming exceedingly scarce, except in the extreme western portion, where the several varieties of oak, also elm, hickory, syca- more, buckeye, etc., still grow luxuriantly. Numerous ancient works left by the Indians or an earlier race, were formerly scattered over this county. All traces of them are fast disappear- ing, but Beck, writing in 1821, speaks of not only the interesting mounds near St. Louis, but of the remains of a fort and of mounds upon which were scattered potters' ware, arrows, etc., then recently found at the village of Fenton, built on the plantation of a Mr. Long, situated on the west bank of the Maramec, 11 miles west of the Mississippi River. There are several caves of interest, some of them quite extensive ; Cliff or Indian Cave, 13 miles below St. Louis, now used by the Cliff Cave Wine Company as a wine cellar, is one of the most interesting. Agricultural Productions. — The staple productions within a radius of 15 miles or more from the city of St. Louis, are garden vegetables, fruits, dairy products and hay. Outside of this limit, corn, wheat, hay and oats are largely grown, and rye, buckwheat and barley to some ex- tent. There are some large orchards in the county, and fruit is abundant and of fine quality. Improved breeds of stock have been very generally introduced with excellent success, and there are now some fine herds of Durhams, Alderneys and Ayrshires ; several importations of sheep and hogs from China have been made which are doing finely. Mineral Resources. — Coal exists and has been mined near St. Louis for a number of years; there are also indications of it in various other parts of the county. Indications of iron and lead have been noticed in the western part, but are not believed to exist in paying quantities. A very compact limestone, and a good marble exist near Glencoe; they are extensively used and found very durable. There is also an extensive formation known as the St. Louis limestone, largely used for macadamizing the streets and turnpikes, and also for building purposes. Fire and other valuable clays are found and worked at Cheltenham and other places near the city. The Manufacturing Interests which are very extensive, and the most important in the State, and indeed in the West, are mainly centered ST. LOUIS COUNTY. 511 in the city of St. Louis, under which heading they are described. The following are the statistics of manufactures for the county, according to the U. S. Census of 1870: number of establishments, 4,579 ; number of steam engines, 425, with 15,118 horse power; number of hands employed, 40,856(32,484 male, 3,455 female and 4,917 youth); capital invested, ^60,357,000; wages paid, ^24,221,717; materials, $87,388,252; pro- ducts, $158,761,013. ^A^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $511,035,000.* Railroads. — The Missouri Pacific R. R., passing from St. Louis to Franklin has 37^ miles, and the Kirkwood & Carondelet Branch ii^^ miles. The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W. has 20 miles running north-westwardly to St. Charles, with which it is connected by one of the finest bridges in the country ; and the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern R. W., following the course of the river, has 18 miles of road. The city of St. Louis is connected by ferry and by the magnificent bridge, across the Mississippi, with all the railroads centering at East St. Louis. The St. Louis & Manchester (narrow gauge) R. R. is proposed, and when completed is to connect Manchester with St. Louis, passing through Kirkwood. The St. Louis County Narrow Gauge Railroad, under con- tract and partly finished, will run from St. Louis to Creve Coeur Lake. The St. Louis & Florissant Narrow Gauge Railroad, partly finished, will run fiom St. Louis to Florissant — 16 miles. Educational Interests. — The public school system is established throughout the county, and the schools are of a high grade and yearly improving. The following are the school statistics of the county, outside of the city of St. Louis, as prepared by Mr. Geo. T. Murphy, the County Superintendent: number of children enrolled in public schools, 37,596 (18,801 male and 18,795 female); daily average attendance, 24,033; number enrolled in private schools, 446 ; total in public and private schools, 38,042; number of districts, 148; number of school-houses, 155 (38 frame, 105 brick or stone and 12 log); total valuation, $143,737 ($132,753 buildings, $10,984 furniture); number of public schools, 162 (140 primary, 5 high and 17 colored); number of private schools, 14; number of teachers in public schools, 613 (70 male and 543 female) ; average monthly wages to males, $120.84, to females, $55.32. The schools of the city of St. Louis will be noticed under that head. ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, ;j2oo,552, 470. Taxation per $100: State 45 c. ; County 40 c. St. Louis City : — schools, 40 c. : old limits ;?i.5o, new limits 75 c. Park taxes : Lafayette Park, 10 c. or 20 c. (de- pending on the proximity to the park) ; Tower Grove Park, i c. Bonded debt, $3,720,000. In addition to the above amount, the county has issued and loaned to the Pacific Railroad Company of Missouri, $700,000 of county bonds, payable in currency, dated February ist, 1865, and payable in 20 years; which bonds, with the semi-annual interest the Railroad Company is bound to pay, but the county is liable in case of default by the company. St, Louis City indebtedness is as follows : bonded, $14,303,000; floating, $858,669 (composed of treasury warrants, $300,000; wharf north and old street opening claims, $13,000; St. Louis Gas Light Company, $545,669). Among the assets is a sinking fund of $739,070. 512 CAAIFBELrS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. Allenton, on the M. P. R. R. 32^4^ miles from St. Louis, contains 2 stores, I public school (value about ^4,000,) and i colored school. Baden, (Bellefontaine Station,) on the St. L. K. C. & N. R. W. 6 miles n. of St. Louis, the terminus of the Baden & St. Louis horse-car line, is a growing village, containing 1 1 stores, 3 wagon shops, 4 churches — 2 Catholic, I Lutheran and i Presbyterian (the last has as yet no edifice,) aggregate value, $25,000, and 4 schools — i public, 2 Catholic and i Lutheran. Population, about 400. Ball\vin, a post-office 19^ miles w. of St. Louis, on the Manchester Rock Road, contains 2 stores, 2 large blacksmith and wagon shops, 1 German M. E. Church and i public school, value about $3,000. Population, about 200. Barrett, on the M. P. R. R. t6^ miles from St. Louis, contains i store, I public school, i water lime-kiln and several quarries, one of which furnished the stone of which the old St. Louis Custom House was built. Beckville, a post-office 5 miles w. s. w. of St. Louis, contains 2 stores, 2 churches — i of which is German Lutheran, i good public school, value about $7,000, also Parker & Russell's extensive coal mines, and i large fire brick manufactory, capital invested over $100,000, and has a popula- tion of about 400. Bellefontaine, a post-office 22 miles w. of St. Louis, on the Olive street Rock Road, contains 2 stores, i carpenter, i wagon and blacksmith shop, and a limestone quarry. Population, about 100. Bellefontaine Station. — See Baden. Benton, on the M. P. R. R. 63^ miles from St. Louis, contains i good school, value about $2,000, i store, and several fine residences. Black Jack, a post-office 3 miles n. e. of Ferguson, has i store and i wagon shop. Population, about 75. Bonfils' Station, on the St. L. K. C. & N. R. W. \Z% miles from St. Louis, contains i public school, i store and i colored church (in pro- cess of construction). Bonhomme, a p. o, 29- miles w. of St. Louis, contains i store. Bridgeton, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 14^ miles from St. Louis, was incorporated Feb. 27th, 1S43; it is in a fine farming country, and contains 2 hotels, 2 stores, i wagon and carriage shop, i brick yard, 2 (brick) churches — Catholic and M. E. Church South, aggregate value about $10,000, and i (brick) public school, value about $2,000. Population, about 2,000. Brotherton, on the Missouri River and on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 20 miles from St. Louis, was named in honor of Judge Marshall Brotherton of St. Louis. It is surrounded by a thickly settled country, and is opposite the city of St. Charles, with which it is connected by a steam ferry and by the magnificent railroad bridge described under St. ST. LOUIS COUNTY. 5^3 Charles County. Brotherton contains i store, i hotel, i good school and I starch factory (in process of construction). Carondelet.— See South St. Louis. Central, a p. o. 8>^ miles w. of St. Louis, in a fine farming country, contains 2 stores, i blacksmith and wagon shop, i (brick) Catholic church, value about ^7,000, i (brick) public school, value about ^4,000. Population, about 100. ^ -r • Cheltenham, on the M. P. R. R., 5>^ miles from St. Louis, con- tains 3 stores, I silver smelting and refining furnace, 4 large manufactories of fire brick, tile and drain pipe, i Catholic church, 2 wagon shops, i (brick) public school, value about $5.00°- Population, about 300. Cliff Cave, on the Mississippi River and on the St. L., L M. 6t b. K. W., 13 miles from St. Louis, is the location of Indian Cave, and is frequented by pleasure parties from St. Louis. College View, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 9 miles from St. Louis, received its name from being the contemplated site of a large Catholic College. . t, i Colman, a p. o. 5>^ miles w. of St. Louis, on the Olive Street Rock Road, is in a fine farming country, was named in honor of Col. Norman T Colman of St. Louis, and contains i store and 2 fine nurseries. Creve Coeur, a p. o. xi% miles w. of St. Louis on the Olive Street Rock Road, is in a beautiful country and contains i store, i wagon and blacksmith shop and i M. E. Church South. Des Peres, a p. o. 15 miles w. of St. Louis on the Manchester Rock Road, contains i store. EUeardsville, a suburb of St. Louis. EUisville, a p. o. 22 miles w. of St. Louis, on the Manchester Rock Road, contains i store, and in its vicinity, i good brick church-Lutheran. Eureka, a p. o. on the M. R R. R., 3° miles w. of St. Louis, con- tains 3 stores, 2 blacksmith and wagon shops and i public school. Pop- ulation, about 300. . . Fairview, on the M. P. R. R., 9 miles w. of St. Louis, has m its vicinity I large fine (stone) Episcopal church, value about $12,000. Fenton, on the Maramec River, 4)^ miles s. of Kirkwood, contains 3 stores, I M. E. Church South and i school. FeeVee, (Patton's Store,) a business point 2 miles s. w. of Bridge- ton, contains i store, i wagon shop and 2 (brick) churches-Baptist, the oldest organization of this denomination in St. Louis County, and Pres- byterian O. S. ; valuation of the former, about %1,ooo, and of the latter, about $4jOo°- , . r> T • Ferguson, on the St. L. K. C. & N. R. W., io3/< miles from St. Louis, contains 2 stores, i wagon shop, i Presbyterian Church, i (brick) public school, value about ^4,000, and a number of handsome country resi- dences. 514 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL Florissant, formerly called St. Ferdinand, is an old French set- tlement, 3 miles n. of Ferguson. In 1799 '* contained about 300 inhab- itants, but its increase has been inconsiderable since then, although it is surrounded by agricultural lands of wonderful fertility. About 5,000 arpents were granted this town by the Spanish Government as a '' com- mon field," and in 1844, at the time of its incorporation, the town authorities leased the commons to several of the citizens for 999 years, at the nominal rent of about 25 cents per acre. Only a small portion of the commons has been sold in fee simple. The village now contains I (brick) Catholic convent, 2 (brick) Catholic churches, i Catholic paro- thial school; aggregate value of Catholic property, about $80,000, i public school, value about $2,000, 3 wagon shops and 7 stores. Popu- lation, about 1,200. Fox Creek, a post-office 28 miles w. of St. Louis, contains i store. Gamble, a post-office on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 2}^ miles from St. Louis. Glencoe, on the M. P. R. R., 26^ miles from St. Louis, contains i store, I large Catholic Reformatory (in process of construction, and to cost about $60,000), I colored Baptist church, and in the vicinity, 2 M. E. Churches South. Glendale, on the M. P. R. R., 11^ miles from St. Louis, contains a number of handsome residences. Grant's, on the Carondelet B'ch of the M. P. R, R., 43^ miles from Kirkwood, was named in honor of President U. S. Grant, on whose farm it is located. Mrs. Grant was born at this place. Ivory, on the St. L., L M. & S. R. W., 8 miles from St. Louis. • Jefferson Barracks, on the St. L., L M. & S. R. W., 9^ miles from St. Louis, commanding a fine view of the Mississippi River, is an old military point, and was an important military rendezvous during the late Civil War, is now used by the General Government for an arsenal, and is guarded by 30 or 40 U. S. soldiers under command of Captain L. Babbitt. It is an interesting point, and attracts frequent .visitors trom the city. Jennings, on the St. L.,'K. C. & N. R. W., 7^ miles from St. Louis, has a fine location, and contains i fine (brick) public school, value $7,000, and a female seminary under Baptist patronage (value $15,000), in a flour- ishing condition, founded by Prof. B. T, Blewett, the present principal. The Baptists and Presbyterians have organizations, but no edifices. Pop- ulation, about 100. Kirkwood, on the M. P. R. R, and on the proposed St. L. & M. (narrow gauge) R. R., 13^ miles from St. Louis, was laid out in 1852, and named in honor of the first chief engineer of the M. P. R. R. , Jas. P. Kirkwood, and incorporated Feb. 20th, 1865, with a charter amended Feb. 27th, 1869. It has a very pleasant and healthful location ST. LOUIS COUNTY. 515 on the summit between the Maramec and Missouri Rivers, about 250 feet above St. Louis, and contains many fine residences, 6 or 7 stores, 7 churches — Baptist, Episcopal, Catholic, M. E. Ch. South and Presbyte- rian, and I colored M. E. Church and i colored Baptist, aggregate value, about ^60,000, 2 wagon shops, i fine hotel, 2 public schools (i colored), aggregate value, about $20,000, i town hall (in process of construction, and to cost about $10,000), and i female seminary (value about $10,000) in flourishing condition, founded in i860 by Miss Anna Sneed, the present principal. This is the largest town in the county, outside of St. Louis, and its population of about 2,000 is composed mainly of St. Louis business men who reside here with their families. Laclede, a post-office on the M. P. R. R. 8 miles from St. Louis. Lake, a p. o. 18)^ miles w. of St. Louis on the Olive street Rock Road, contains i store, i large wagon and blacksmith shop and a very fine lime- stone quarry. Lake House is a business point \6 miles n. of St. Louis on the Olive street Rock Road, and contains i store, i hotel and i steam flouring mill. Lowell, a p. o. 4 miles n. of the court-house of St. Louis, contains 4 or 5 stores, 4 wagon shops, i public school, i church, i woolen and i soap factory and a branch of the St. Louis University. Population, about 800. Manchester, a p. o. 18 miles w. of St. Louis on the old State Rock Road, contains 3 stores, i fine steam flouring-mill, cost about $20,000, 3 churches — Catholic, Lutheran and M. E. Church South, i public school, I brick yard, i wagon and i cooper shop. Population, about 300. Maramec Station, on the M. P. R. R. 19 miles from St. Louis, has 2 stores, I public school, i wagon shop and i excellent and extensive lime- stone quarry. Melrose, a p. o. 31 miles w. of St. Louis. Mokeville, a p. o. 4 miles s. w. of Bridgeton, contains i store and i blacksmith and wagon shop. Normandy, a p. o. on the Natural Bridge Rock Road, 3^^ miles s. of Ferguson, contains i store and has in the vicinity i Catholic church and I Catholic school, value of both about $15,000. Oakland, on the M. P. R. R. 121^ miles from St. Louis, is surrounded by fine residences. Orrville, a p. o. 29 miles w. of St. Louis, contains i public school. Patton's Store. — See Fee Fee. Pond, a p. o. 26 miles w. of St. Louis, contains i store, i blacksmith and wagon shop and i public school. Quarantine, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., iii^ miles from St. Louis, is the location of the quarantine and small-pox hospitals. Rock Hill, a p. o. 10 miles w. of St. Louis, contains 2 stores, i (stone) Presbyterian church, value, including parsonage, about $8,000, and I public school, value about $1,500. 5i6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL Rock Spring, y^ mile n. e. of Taylorwick, contains lo stores, i large (brick) hotel, 4 wagon shops, i large tannery, 2 potteries, i large glue and I large soap factory, i Catholic church (in process of construction, to cost about ^25,000), I Catholic school, 2 public schools, (i colored) aggregate value of school property, ^25,000. Rose Hill, on the M. P, R. R. 14 miles from St. Louis, is surrounded by fine residences. ST. LOUIS, the county seat, a port of entry and the fourth city in the Union, is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi River, 20 miles below the mouth of the Missouri, 208 miles above the mouth of the Ohio, 805 miles below the Falls of St. Anthony, Minnesota, 1,278 miles above New Orleans, 125 miles by rail east from Jefferson City, the State Capital, and 811 miles air line west from Washington. Latitude 38° 37' 28" N., longitude 90° 15' 16" W. The city has a high and commanding site, being principally upon two plateaus of limestone for- mation, the upper one rising gradually about 60, and the lower one, more abruptly, about 20 feet above the floods of the Mississippi. The length of the city, by the course of the river, is about 14 miles. Population, in 1764, 120; in 1780, 687; in 17S5, 897; in 1788, 1,197 ; in 1799, 925 ; in 1811, 1,400; in 1820, 4,928; in 1828, 5,000 ; in 1830, 5.852; in 1833, 6,397; in 1835, 8,316; in 1837, 12,040; in 1840, 16,469; in 1844, 34,140; in 1850, 77,860; in 1852, 94,000; in 1856, 125,200; in i860, 160,773; in 1866, 204,327; in 1867, 220,000. In 1870, by the U. S. Census — ist ward, including Carondelet, 33,708; 2d ward, 21,855; 3d ward, 23,878; 4th ward, 31,493; 5th ward, 29,774; 6th ward, 29,192; 7th ward, 18,508; 8th ward, 26,710, 9th ward, 22,922; loth ward, 20,623; ^^'^^^ ward, 32,580; 12th ward, 19,621; total, 310,864 : of whom 198,615 were native born, 112,249 foreign; 161,796 were male, 149,068 female; of whom 288,737 were white, 22,088 colored, and 38 Indian and i Chinese. Of the native population, 156,331 (including 134,212 born in Missouri, and 5,716 in Kentucky) were born in former slaveholding States; and 41,603 (including 9,288 born in New York, and 4,995 in New England) in northern States. Of the foreign population, 27 were born in Australia, 751 in Austria (proper), 254 in Belgium, 2,008 in British America, 178 in Denmark, 5,367 in England, 2,788 in France, 59,040 in Germany, 643 in Holland, 32,239 in Ireland, 786 in Italy, 300 in Poland, 86 in Russia, 1,202 in Scotland, 343 in Sweden and Norway, 2,902 in Switzerland, 147 in Wales, and 276 in other European countries. There were in St. Louis in 1870, 59,431 families, averaging 5.23 persons to each family; and 39,675 dwellings, averaging 7.84 persons to each dwelling. The average number of persons to a dwelling was, in the ist Ward, 7.17; in the 2d, 7.64; in the 3d, 8.45 ; in the 4th, 7.78; in the 5th, lo.ii j in the 6th, 8.27; in the 7th, 7.56; in the 8th, 10,00; ST. LOUIS. 517 in the 9th, 9.48 ; in the loth, 6.56 ; in the nth, 7.00, and in the 12th, 7,10. The average number of persons to a dwelling in the city of New York was, in 1870, 14.72; in Philadelphia, 6.01; in Cincinnati, 8.81 ; in Boston, 8.46; in Charleston, 7.14; in Kansas City, 5.95, and in Pittsburgh, 6.05. The population of St. Louis in 1874, according to Gould's Directory, is 473,560, showing a wonderful growth during the past four years. Historical Sketch.— The founder of St. Louis, Pierre Laclede Liguest. was a native of France, and came to the New World with the avowed purpose of establishing a colony in the French possessions. He was most admirably fitted for his adventurous undertaking, and, very wisely, was selected as the active partner in the company of Laclede Ligueste, Antoine Maxant & Co., to whom a royal charter had been granted confirming the privilege of an exclusive trade with the Indians Of the Missouri, as far north as St. Peter's River. Seeking a location for the new trading-post, he left New Orleans, the capital of Louisiana, Aug. 3d, 1763, accompanied by a little band of mechanics, trappers and hunters, their rude and clumsy boats loaded with merchandise suitable for the Indian trade. Of their tedious voyage northward nothing is known, save that they reached the town of Ste. Genevieve, where they hoped to find temporary accommodations for their party; that they failed in this, and by invitation of M. de Neyon de Villiers, commandant, pushed on to Fort de Chartres, arriving Nov. 3d. They were, how- ever, received somewhat churlishly by this gentleman, but permitted to store their goods. This being attended to, M. Laclede Liguest started with a few attendants for the mouth of the Missouri, resolving to fix upon some location between that point and Fort de Chartres. He proceeded to the mouth of the Missouri, then retraced his course down the stream ■ and landed at the present site of St. Louis. After carefully examining the spot, he commenced blazing the trees to mark it, saying to Auguste Chouteau, a young man who accompanied him, *' You will come here as soon as navigation opens, and will cause this place to be cleared in order to form our settlement after the plan that I shall give you." On his return to Fort de Chartres he remarked with enthusiasm to Monsieur de Neyon and his officers, "that he had found a situation where he intended to establish a settlement which might become hereafter one of the finest cities of America."* They were favored by an early spring, and on the i6th of February, 1764, Auguste Chouteau, with 30 picked men, nearly all mechanics, disembarked at the selected place, and on the following morning com- menced work on sheds for the protection of the tools and provisions ; immediately after, a few rude cabins were built. At this time, a fine *See Col. Auguste Chouteau's Journal in Appendix. 5i8 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL growth of timber skirted the river, generally extending as far back as what is now known as Fifth street, but it varied in width, and there were occasional openings leaving the margin of the river entirely free from timber. The heaviest growth was on the square now occupied by Barnum's Hotel, and this was the place where the first buildings were erected. A bluff, some 20 or 30 feet above the river, extended the whole length of the intended village; back of this was a gentle swell, upon which they built their cabins, and still beyond them were two other swells, the last bounded by what is now Fourth street, and then came what was long known in the records as La Grande Prairie. Early in March, M. Liguest arrived and laid off the village, and, with the loyalty for which these Frenchmen were distinguished, named it ST. LOUIS, in honor of Louis XV of France, little dreaming that their imbecile king had, even then, ceded the splendid empire west of the Mississippi, t6 their old enemy, Spain. They were aware that England had acquired the territory east of the river and Canada, but the news of the surrender of Louisiana did not reach them until about 2 years later. Soon after its establishment, the little colony was much disturbed by the appearance of a number of the Missouri tribe of Indians, about 150 warriors, with numerous squaws and papooses. They had come on a begging expedition, and, although showing no signs of hostility, they were a source of discomfort and anxiety, especially as they obstinately refused to leave. The warriors spent their days begging and pilfering, while the squaws dug, and carried away the dirt, from the cellar of M. Ligueste's house, then being built on the square between Market and Walnut, Main and Second, for which they were paid in beads and trinkets. After receiving a gift of provisions, the "noble red men" declared themselves so charmed with their new friends, that "they would never leave them, but build a village just about their town, and abide near them always." This being the most alarming phase the infliction had assumed, implying the continued presence of their guests, M. Liguest wasted no more civilities upon them, but threatened them with the vengeance of the soldiers at Fort de Chartres, if they did not leave. They accordingly departed with entire good nature, and, strange to say, never troubled the settlers again. The young village grew rapidly during the following year, a fact not so much due to its natural advantages of location, as to the aversion felt by the French for English rule. As soon as England took formal pos- session of her newly-acquired territory, the French of Cahokia, (then called Caos,) Kaskaskia and of all the towns on the eastern side of the river, who could leave without sacrificing everything, emigrated west- ward, fondly believing that by so doing they continued subjects of la belle France. ST. LOUIS. 519 St. Louis received a number of these emigrants, and the Indians, also disliking the English, removed a large part of their peltry trade from the east side of the river to St. Louis, which, a year after its establishment, showed unmistakable signs of being destined to be the leading business point of Upper Louisiana. In April 1 764, the commandant-general of the province of Louisiana, M. d' Abbadie, who resided at New Orleans, received orders to proclaim to the inhabitants the surrender of the French possessions west of the Mississippi to Spain. At this intelligence the people were maddened with rage, their national pride was humbled, and they heaped curses on the king and his ministers, and declared that they would not be alienated from the mother country. M. d'Abbadie, fearing to enforce his orders, and not daring to disobey, died of perplexity and grief. In a few months the news of the pusillanimous course pursued by their king reached St. Louis, and the same grief and rage were manifested by the people that had been evinced at New Orleans. Spain, seeing the spirit of resistance which was rife among the people, adopted a conciliatory policy, and, in fact, delayed three years before making any effort to take possession of the province. During this time the French Government was besieged by petitions from the colonists praying that they might be restored to the mother country, and the hope was strong among the people that in some way this would be accomplished. As this expecta- tion died out, an obstinate determination not to submit to their new masters took its place, and it is a significant fact that about this time the French troops, which had been stationed at Fort de Chartres, were ordered by the commandant-general to St. Louis, under Louis St. Ange de Bellerive. In 1767, Antonio Ulloa, appointed commandafit-gen- eral of Louisiana by Spain, arrived in New Orleans, and Aug. nth, 1768, his representative in Upper Louisiana, Rious, reached St. Louis, but neither of them ever dared to assume control, and when Ulloa was compelled to leave New Orleans, he sent instructions to Rious to evacuate St. Louis, which he accordingly did in the summer of 1769, much to the relief of the people. Soon after the arrival of St. Ange de Bellerive in St. Louis, he was placed in control of Upper Louisiana by the commandant-general of the province, who held his position in defiance of the Spanish Government. This was a very judicious appointment, as de Bellerive was not only greatly beloved by his countrymen, but he was a great favorite with the Indians, with whom he possessed almost unbounded influence. By the wish of the people he was vested with full power to grant land and do all other acts consistent with his office, as though he held it by royal authority. The young colony stood greatly in need of some one vested with such power, for M. Liguest, although representing a company existing under the sanction of royal authority, and possessing many 520 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL expressed and implied prerogatives, could only grant a usufructuary pos- session of land, remaining in force until the legal appointment of proper officers vested with power to confer grants. The first grant made by M. de Bellerive bears date of April 27th, 1766, and was recorded in iheLivre Terrien, a book kept for this purpose. The grant was made to Joseph Labuxiere, and had a front of 300 feet on Rue Royale (now Main Street) with a depth of 150 feet, running to the river, — the same block upon which the Missouri State Bank stood for many years. Main between Vine and Washington avenue. Soon after, in the same year, M. Liguest received a grant of land upon La Petite Riviere, upon which he built a mill, after making a dam which formed what was sub- sequently known as the Chouteau Pond. He also received a grant covering the block upon which Barnum's Hotel now stands. These grants were made without legal authority on the part of de Bellerive, but were subsequently confirmed by the Spanish Government. The quaint little French village of that time is a wonderful contrast to the city we know to-day. Main street, then called La Rue Royale, and afterward La Rue Principale, extended from Almond to Morgan, and upon it all the first houses were built. Second street, designated in the early grants as Une autre rue principale, (another principal street) afterward called La Rue de I'Eglise (Church street), extended from Cedar to Morgan. Third street, not laid off until nearly 1780, was known as La Troisi^me Grande Rue, and Fourth street as La Rue des Granges (the street of barns). With the excep- tion of the house built by Ligueste in 1764 on the square where Barnum's Hotel now stands, which had a cellar and its lower story built of stone, all the buildings until after 1766 were of the rudest character, built of logs placed upright, the crevices stopped with mud, the whole roofed over with shingles which were about 2 feet long and 6 inches wide, and fastened to the cross pieces on the roof by means of wooden pegs, nails being unknown. It was not until after the appointment of M. de Bellerive, when quite a number of wealthy mer- chants settled in the town, that more comfortable habitations were built. Up to 1766 the names which seem to have occupied the most prominent place in the history of the little village are as follows : Liguest, Labadie, Chevalier, Lajoie, Benito Vasquez, Labuxiere, Du Breuil, Chauvin, Guyon, Kiercereau Lafebre, Conde, Cerre, Sarpy, Ortes, Chouteau and St. Ange de Bellerive. The first baptism was performed in May 1766, by Father S. L. Meurin, in a tent, for although the block upon which the Cathedral now stands had been set apart for the church, one was not erected until 1770. The first marriage contract bears date of April 20th, 1766, the contracting parties being Toussaint Huneau and Marie Beaugenou. There is a •worldly thrift and shrewdness about the document which is in singular contrast with the simplicity and careless good humor which were char- acteristics of these people. ST. LOUIS. 521 The system of "common fields" prevailed here, as m all of the French settlements. La Grande Prairie was first fenced, and we find in 1775, that these fields extended to the "common fields " of Carondelet, that village having sprung up soon after St. Louis. (For description of "common field" system, see St. Charles, p. 481.) In 1769, Pontiac, the great Ottawa chief, who was a friend of St. Ange de Bellerive, visited St. Louis, and was warmly received by the people. From here he crossed to Cahokia, by invitation of some of the old French settlers of that village, and was treacherously murdered by a Kaskaskia Indian, bribed to do the deed by an English trader. M. de Bellerive had the body of the great chieftain brought to St. Louis and buried with the honors of war, a fact not generally known. The same year the news reached the colonists that the patience of the Spanish Government was exhausted, and that it had determined to effect by force that which con- ciliation had failed to do, and that to this end it had appointed Don Alexander O'Reilley commandant-general of Louisiana, with 3,000 soldiers to enable him to enforce his authority. The inhabitants of New Orleans assembled en masse to dispute his landing, and were only restrained from violence by their magistrates, who represented to them the utter folly of opposing such a force, but it was amid tears and execra- tions that the landing was effected. O'Reilley, desiring to strike terror to the hearts of the people and awe them into submission, had twelve of the leading citizens arrested ; five of these were shot, one brutally murdered, and the remainder were condemned to linger out life in the dungeons of Cuba. Soon after, Pedro Piernas was appointed lieutenant-governor of Upper Louisiana, and ordered to St. Louis, and the people feeling pow- erless to resist, as New Orleans had submitted, saw their flag, the lilies of France, lowered, and the hated foreign banner substituted, with such sorrow and mortification as had never before been known in the little village. One happy event, however, occurred this year, the completion of the little log church, built upon the block upon which the cathedral now stands, but located on the west side of Second, between Market and Walnut. Father Pierre Gibault, of Kaskaskia, was the priest officiating at that time. Notwithstanding the fear and anxiety of the people, the change of Government affected them but little. The difference between the Spanish and French colonial laws was not material, and happily the lieutenant-governor was a man of kindly disposition, who desired to conciliate the people as far as possible. He made but little change in the existing laws, and in response to a petition for the correct sur- vey of land grants, he appointed Martin Duralde, a Frenchman, surveyor, and publicly confirmed all the grants made by St. Ange de Bellerive. He also gave many of the subordinate offices to Frenchmen, and 2ven appointed de Bellerive captain of infantry in the Spanish service. 5*2 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. The death of St. Ange de Bellerive, in Dec. 27th, 1774, at the house of Madame Chouteau, with whom he boarded, on the square between. Chestnut and Market, Second and Main, was universally regretted. Four years later, June 20th, 1778, the colonists were again plunged in grief by the sudden death of their early and tried friend, Pierre Laclede Liguest, who died on the Mississippi River , near the mouth of the Arkansas. He was hastily interred on the south bank of the latter river, the grave left unmarked, and cannot now be identified. The colonists were singularly blessed in possessing in the beginning of their history, such a leader and such a governor, — men who, although entrusted with almost unlimited power, have left no record of ever having abused it. Piernas was succeeded in May, 1775, by Francisco Cruzat, who assum- ed control of Upper Louisiana, at the time when all the English posses- sions east of the Mississippi were convulsed by the intense excitement which preceded the American Revolution. But this simple little village, quietly settling down under Spanish rule, was unmoved by all this, and hardly conscious of it. Indeed, everything seems to have been moving very smoothly with the colonists about this time. Their trade with the Indians was good, as they lived in entire harmony with the savages, which, in fact, was true of all the French settlements, as they seem to have had the power of winning the good-will of the Indians in a remark- able degree. The English usually inspired them with hatred, and the history of the English settlements is almost always marked by blood- shed, — not so with the French; with an adaptability which is perhaps a national characteristic, they accommodated themselves to the Indian customs and manners, and among all the tribes were looked upon as friends. About this time the canonical name of the post of St. Louis, Pain Court, probably given in remembrance of a parish in France, was made a term of reproach by the people of Carondelet, a rival village, or by the rich Wabash traders, who, when visiting here, found the ''staff of life" uncomfortably scarce, owing to the poor methods in use, and the little attention given by the inhabitants to agriculture ; but the people lived contentedly enough, unmindful of their hardships. They were almost all natives of the province of Louisiana, or of Canada, and had been inured to privation from childhood. Their wants were simple and they had no motive for great exertion. But though inclined to be indolent, and deficient even in such education as the times afforded, they were not vicious in their tastes, and their enjoyments were of the most simple character. For more than a year after its settlement, St. Louis had no prison nor any statutes. A fraternal bond united the whole community, and the few strong spirits among them were looked up to as patriarchs, and ST. LOUIS. 523 usually any little differences were submitted to and settled by them. Ill-feeling had existed in Spain towards England since the cession of the Floridas to England in 1763, and this resulted in Spain placing a heavy embargo on English goods, so heavy as to amount almost to a prohibition, and the result was an immense amount of smuggling from Cahokia to St. Louis, which added much to the commercial profits of many of the merchants of the latter place. In 1778 Cruzat, who was very popular in Upper Louisiana, was suc- ceeded by Don Fernando de Leyba, a drunken, weak-minded man, utterly unfit for the office, and through whose cupidity or negligence, the very existence of the young colony was greatly endangered. Shortly after the breaking out of the war of the Revolution, rumors reached St. Louis that the English, gratifying their ill-feeling towards Spain, were exciting the Indians against the people of Upper Louisiana, and, especi- ally against St. Louis, that being the most important settlement. There being but one small fort at that time, situated at the corner of Fourth and Walnut, Cruzat, who was then in command, made some effort at fortifying the village, and a messenger was dispatched to the neighboring town of Ste. Genevieve for aid, which responded by sending sixty picked men. For some months everything was kept in readiness for the attack, but in the meantime, Cruzat was removed and de Leyba substituted. He laughed at the idea of danger until the inhabitants grew careless of the rumors, and when. May 26th, 1780, 1,000 Indian warriors, under the guidance of French Canadians, in the employ of the British Government, landed not far from where the water works now stand, and marched to the present site of the fair grounds, they surprised a number of the unsuspecting inhabitants who were cultivating their fields, and murdered forty before anything could be done to check their advance. The firing alarmed those who were in the town, and the cry "To arms! To arms!" was heard in every direction. About fifteen men were posted at each gate, and the rest were scattered along the line of defense in the most advantageous manner. The firing for a time was warm, but the Indians perceiving that the inhabitants were prepared for them, which they had not been led to expect, deliberately retired. At this state of affairs, the lieutenant-governor appeared on the scene of action, rolled thither in a wheel-barrow, and ordered the firing to cease. Those posted at the lower gate did not hear the order, and consequently kept their stations, and when de Leyba perceived this he ordered the cannon to be turned upon them, and they had barely time to throw themselves on the ground, and thus escape the volley which was dis- charged. Some writers think that it was the appearance of Gen. Clark on the opposite side of the river which caused the sudden retreat of the Indians, and the late Col. Thomas H. Benton favors this opinion. He says: 524 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL "On the approach of so formidable an enemy, the inhabitants, despair- ing of successful resistance, deputed one of their most respectable citi- zens, the late Charles Gratiot, to solicit the aid of Gen. G. R. Clark, then encamped with his men in the American Bottom. Gen. Clark, although having but 400 men, led 200 of them to the ferry opposite the town, and made a demonstration of crossing, while 200 more were sent to cross under the bend of the river, three miles below. The Indians were disconcerted and hastily retreated." It was currently believed that de Leyba had been bribed by the English to permit the destruction of the town, and his atrocious conduct in firing upon the brave men who were defending the village, and his well known cupidity, together with the fact that just previous to the attack he sold nearly all the powder belonging to the little garrison, go far towards con- firming the opinion. But whether guilty or not, he was held in such general contempt that he shut himself up and would see no one, and it is thought that his death, which occurred about one month after the attack, was caused by poison administered by his own hand This year was long known as L^annee du coup (the year of the attack). Cruzat was re-appointed commandant of Louisiana, and he proceeded at once regularly to fortify St. Louis. A pallisade about 5 feet in height, strengthened at intervals by bastions, was built to encircle the town, running near what is now known as Fifth street, (see map opposite) and ending on the river at each extremity of the town in a half circle, close behind which the artillery was mounted. Thus protected, the Indians never again attempted directly to attack the town, but small bands of them frequently lurked in the neighborhood, killing any inhabitant who indiscreetly wandered too far from home. The summer of 1785, called by the settlers L'an?iee des grandes eaux, (the year of the great waters) was a time of much anxiety to St. Louis, and in fact to all the settlements of Upper Louisiana. The Mississippi rose to a wonderful height ; the whole American Bottom was a sea ; Cahokia and Kaskaskia were surrounded by water, and large quantities of grain and stock were swept away, and it seemed impossible for St. Louis to escape, but just as they were on the eve of moving their goods the waters began to subside, and the terrible danger passed them by. For several years the people were very much harassed by a band of pirates who made their headquarters at Grand Tower, and preyed upon the commerce of the river. They became the terror of the Mississippi, and no boat dared to pass without paying tribute to them. In the spring of 1787 the commandant-general of Louisiana issued an order for- bidding the passage of any single boat up the river, and ten keel boats were fitted out with well armed crews to attempt the destruction of the pirates. They succeeded in capturing a large quantity of stolen booty, ±)ut the robbers escaped. The arrival of ten barges in company was such ST. LOUIS. 525 an event to the simple villagers that this year was long talked of as L^ annee des dix bateaux (the yesr of the ten boats). Cruzat was succeeded by Manuel Perez Nov. 27th, 1787, and he, July 2ist, 1792, by Zenon Trudeau; both' of these men were mild in disposition and affable in manner, and were much beloved, and they encouraged immigration in every way. But the people of the United States having so recently escaped from the government of a monarchy, were loth to bow their necks to the yoke again, and comparatively few were tempted by the liberal land grants offered. However, there was some immigration, and the log huts were replaced by neat cottages. Still, but little attention was given to agriculture, the energies of the people being very generally devoted to the Indian trade. August 29th, 1 799, Trudeau was succeeded by Carlos Dehault Delassus de Delusiere, whose first act, on coming in power, was to have the census of Upper Louisiana taken, and this shows the population of St. Louis and villages to have been 897. About this time immigration increased largely, and a fever of speculation seems to have seized upon the people, and every possible device was resorted to by the inhabitants to obtain grants of land. Delassus was exceedingly good-natured, and large gifts, which are now of immense value, were made for the most trivial services. Great numbers of these cost nothing but the surveyor's fees. During the administration of the two last named commandants, grants had been larger and more frequent than before; previous to this time they were never made save to Catholics, but the Spanish Government, desiring to allure American settlers, ceased to enforce the condition, although it remained upon their books. In 1 80 1 the Territory of Louisiana was, through the diplomacy of Napoleon, retroceded to France, much to the dissatisfaction of England, who by close surveillance prevented France from sending troops to take possession of it. Napoleon, feeling unable to cope with England, devised the plan of selling it to the United States for ;^i5,ooo,ooo, which was accomplished by treaty, April 30th, 1803, and ratified by U. S. Senate, 31st of October of the same year. Of this Napoleon said, "This accession of territory forever strengthens the power of the United States; and I have given England a maritime rival that will sooner or later humble her pride." March 9th, 1804, Delassus, at St. Louis, formally surrendered Upper Louisiana to Captain Amos Stoddard, an American officer temporarily representing the French Republic, who, on the day following, transferred it to the United States. The population of Upper Louisiana at this time was about 9,000 whites and about 3,000 negroes. St. Louis only occupied what is now known as Main and Second streets, there being no buildings on Third street, and the square now occupied by the Planters' House was an enclosure used for the grazing of cattle. It had no post-office, 526 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL and not even between New Orleans and St. Louis, was there any estab- lished mode of transmitting letters. There was no ferry across the Mississippi,* but immediately on the purchase of the territory by the United States, a slight Anglo-American immigration infused new life into the sleepy little town ; and this impetus was felt to a limited extent through- out the province, which was an immense territory, rich in mineral and agricultural wealth, but wholly undeveloped, and possessing a population so deficient in energy and enterprise, that they could not be considered any acquisition to the young Republic. The principal merchants and traders at this time were, Auguste Chouteau, who resided on Main street between Market and Walnut ; Pierre Chouteau, on Main and Washing- ton Av., choice fruit trees surrounding his house, — the store in the first story, and the family residence in the second; Manuel Lisa, on corner of Second and Myrtle ; Labadie & Sarpy, on Main between Pine and Chestnut; Joseph Robidoux (father of the Robidoux who founded St. Joseph), cor. of Elm and Main; and Jacques Clamorgan, cor. of Green and Main. Among the residents were the following families : Hortez, Pratte, Gratiot, Tayon, Saugrain, Cerre, Le Roux, Lajoie, Lecompte, Papin, Cabanne, Lebeaume, Soulard and Victor Hab, the latter was, probably, the only German in St. Louis. It must not be understood that a merchant at that time approximated at all in his business relations to the merchant of to-day. A place occupying but a few feet square would contain all his goods, and indeed it was usual to keep the entire stock of merchandise in a chest or box, which was opened whenever a purchaser appeared. Owing to the tediousness of navigation and transportation, the prices of imported articles were enormous. Most dry goods came from Canada via Mackinaw; sugar and coffee (which were %2 per pound), and other groceries came from New Orleans. Tea was almost unknown until after the purchase of Louisiana by the United States, and this was true of many oth»r articles now esteemed necessities. The appointment of Capt. Amos Stoddard, governor of Upper Louisiana in March, 1804, was followed, March 3d, 1805, by an act of Congress by which the District of Louisiana was changed to the Territory of Louisiana; James Wilkinson was appointed governor, with Return J. Meigs, Jr., and John B. C. Lucas, judges of the superior court. These three con- stituted the legislature of the Territory. Governor Wilkinson took pos- session of the old government house on the corner of Main and Walnut, south of the Public Square — La Place d' Armes — in the spring of 1805. St. Louis now increased rapidly in population, the two ferries, then recently established across the Mississippi, (which at first were flat boats pro- pelled by oars and afterwards were propelled by tread-mill machinery, ♦One had been attempted, but discontinued for want of business. ST. LOUIS. 527 operated by horses,) were kept constantly employed. A post-office was found to be a necessity for the new people who were filling up the country, and one was established in 1 804, — Rufus Easton, postmaster. The beginning of the new age for St. Louis was fairly inaugurated July 12th, 1808, when Mr. Josejbh Charless, official printer of the Territory, estab- lished the Missouri Gazette, the first journal west of the Mississippi, a sheet not larger than a royal octavo page, but which has developed into the gigantic Missouri Republican. St. Louis was incorporated as a town Nov. 9th, 1809, by the court of common pleas of the district of St. Louis, of which Silas Bent, Bernard Pratte and Louis Labeaume were judges. The first town trustees were Auguste Chouteau (chairman,) Edward Hempstead, Jean P. Cabanne, William C. Carr and Wm. Christy. The trustees issued a proclamation requiring the citizens to form themselves into fire companies, and enacted certain laws regulating their government. One of these was that each inhabitant should have the chimney of his house swept once a month; and if the chimney caught fire, the presumption was that it had not been swept, and he was accordingly fined ^10. In 181 1, the town is described as containing 1,400 inhabitants, i printing office, 12 stores, 2 schools — i French and i English — and the merchandise and imports of the town were valued at about ^250,000. Peltries, lead and whiskey made a large portion of the currency. During the spring of 181 1, the first market was built on Center Square (La Place d'Armes), which was between Market and Walnut, Main and the River. About this same time an ordinance was passed regulating the prices for boats landing at the wharf, every boat of five tons' burden paying a duty of $2. There was also an ordinance for levying and collecting a tax *' within the limits of the town of St. Louis." The hunters and trappers, and the voyageurs who manned the clumsy boats that plied up and down the river, formed an important element in the population of St. Louis, even at this late date. The trappers and hunters, [called les courriers des bois, dressed in a mongrel costume, a blending of civilization and barbarism, were always in demand by the fur companies, as long as the peltry trade was a source of profit, but the voyageurs passed into obscurity at the dawning of the new age of steam, August 2d, 181 7, when the Gen. Pike (Capt. Jacob Reid), the first steamboat, landed at the foot of Market street. The second boat, the Constitution, landed the 2d of October of the same year. This was the beginning of a new era in the navigation of the Mississippi, and of a fresh growth in the commerce of St. Louis. The first bank, known as the Bank of St. Louis, was incorporated August 21st, 1816, with the follow- ing commissioners: Auguste Chouteau, J. B. C. Lucas, Clement B. Penrose, Moses Austin (who finally went to Texas, and in whose honor Austin, Texas, was afterwards named), Bernard Pratte, Manuel Lisa, Thos. 528 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL Brady, Bartholomew Berthold, Samuel Hammond, Rufus Easton, Robert Simpson, Christian Wilt and Risdon H. Price. But through bad manage- ment it was soon compelled to wind up its affairs. February ist, 1817, the Bank of Missouri came into existence, but though it lived longer, its career was no more creditable than that of its predecessor. No history of St. Louis would be complete without an allusion to the duel between Col. Thos. H. Benton and Chas. Lucas, U. S. attorney of Missouri Territory, an event which cast a general gloom over the whole commun- ity. Opposed in politics, and looked upon as leaders by their respective parties, the duel became a matter of interest to the entire community. They first met on the morning of the 12th of August, 181 7, fired simul- taneously, Lucas being seriously wounded. Some weeks after, they met again, and Mr. Lucas fell, a victim of a code of honor now universally execrated, but which in his day, was as almost universally approved. He died on the 27th of September, 1817, aged 25 years. Of Mr. Benton it is needless to speak, his life is necessarily written in any history of Missouri. In 1818 Missouri applied for admission into the Union, and the exciting contest which then occurred in Congress, ending in the Missouri Compromise, extended to Missouri. The feeling was especially violent in St. Louis, at the time of the election of members for the Constitutional Convention. Not one of the anti-slavery candidates was chosen, the choice of the people resting upon Edward Bates, Alexander McNair, John C. Sullivan, Pierre Chouteau, Jr., ^Bernard Pratte and Thos. H. Riddick, This same year the building of a brick cathedral was commenced on the site of the old log church, and the remainder of the block, with the exception of the south-east corner, was long used for the burial of the dead. This church was occupied but never completed, and it was afterwards used as a warehouse, and eventually destroyed by fire. The altar was decorated with ancient and precious gold embroideries, and the church, with very fine paintings. These articles were presented by the Catholics of Europe to Bishop du Bourg, and the chief patrons were Louis XVIIL of France, and a Flemish lady, the Baroness Le Caudele de Ghyseghem ; the latter also presented a fine organ. In 1818, the first Protestant church (Baptist)' was built on the south-west corner of Market and Third streets.* The legislature of 181 7 incorporated a board of trustees for the estab- lishment of public schools in St. Louis, but owing to a defect in the law they were powerless to accomplish any good. In 1833, the "com- *The first Methodist church was erected in 1821, on Fourth and Myrtle streets. The first Presby- terian church was erected June 26th, 1825, on Fourth Street, between St. Charles and Washington. avenue, and was dedicated by Rev. Samuel Giddings. The first Episcopal church was erected in 1826, on the corner of Third and Chestnut. The first Evangelical church (German) was erected in 1836, on Seventh street. The first Unitarian church was erected in 1837, on the corner of Fourth and Pine. The first United Presbyterian church was erected in 1841. The first Cumberland and the first Reformed. Presbyterian churches were erected in 1852. The first Congregational church was erected in 1857,. ST. LOUIS. 529 mons" were sold, and one-tenth of the proceeds devoted to the public schools, and a new board of trustees, consisting of M. P. Leduc, A. Gamble, A. Kerr, John Finney, H. L. Hoffman and Wilson Primm as secretary, proceeded at once to erect two two-story brick school-houses, in which school was commenced in 1837. The building of the St. Louis college in 1818, located on the west side of Second street, between Market and Walnut, gave to the growing town excellent educational advantages, and students also came here from Louis-- iana and Kentucky. Prominent among those who received their education at this college were Hon. Wilson Primm, Peter B. Sarpy, Charles Chouteau, Edward P. Tesson, Henry Chouteau, Robert Forsyth, Paschal H, St. Cyr, Wm. Ferguson, Thomas January, and Ninian Edwards, son of Governor Edwards of Illinois. In a little directory published in 1821, St. Louis is thus described : " Eight streets run parallel with the river, and are intersected by twenty-three others at right angles ; those on the ' hill ' are wide, while the lower ones are exceedingly narrow. The lower end of Market street is well paved, and the trustees of the town have passed an ordinance for paving the sidewalks of Main street. This is a very wholesome regulation of the trustees, as this and other streets are fre- quently so muddy as to be almost impassable. On the hill, in the center of the town, is a public square, on which it is intended to build an elegant court-house. The various courts are now held in buildings adja- cent to the square. A new stone jail of two stories, 70 x 30, stands west of the site for the court-house. Just above the town are several Indian mounds, which afford an extensive and charming view of the town and surrounding country. There are two fire engines with properly organ- ized companies, one of which is in the north part of the town, and the other in the south, part. Mr. Samuel Wiggins is the proprietor of two elegant and substantial steam ferry boats that ply regularly and alter- nately from the foot of North H street, (Morgan) near the steamboat warehouse to the opposite shore. The river at the ferry is i^ miles in width. Opposite the town and above the ferry is an island, containing upwards of a thousand acres. A considerable sand-bar has been formed in the river opposite the lower part of the town, which has thrown the main channel on the Illinois side. The annual amount of imports is stated at upwards of ^2,000,000. The principal articles of trade are fur, peltry and lead. List of principal "buildings of St. Louis in 1821 :' Baptist Church, s. w. cor. Market and 3d.* Bastion, n. of Bennett's Hotel. Cathedral, s. w, cor. Church [2d] and Market. Clerks' offices for the various courts, near Public Square. ♦Never fully completed, though worship was held in it. Used at one time for a court-house. 53© CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. Constable's office, Nortli 4th above North C. st. [Olive.] Court rooms, near the Public Square. Episcopal Church, South Church [2d] below South A. [Walnut.] Green-Tree Inn, 85 South Church [2d.] Indian Council Chamber or Museum of Indian Curiosities, belonging to Gov. Clarke, loi North Main. (This is the finest collection of Indian curiosities in the United States.) Jones' Row, n. side of Market above 3d. (This was the first brick row of buildings built in St. Louis.) Land Office (U. S.), near Bennett's Hotel. Mansion House (Bennett's), n. e. cor. 3d and North E. [St. Charles.] Masonic Hall, South B. [Elm] above Main. Methodist Meeting, s. w. cor. 3d and South D. [Spruce.] Missouri Bank, 6 North Main. Missouri Hotel, s. w. cor. Main and North H. [Morgan.] Mound Public Garden, a pleasant retreat kept by Mr. Gray near Indian Mound." Such was St. Louis just previous to its incorporation as a city, which took place Dec. 9th, 1822. (Limits, mouth of Mill Creek just below the gas works, and run thence west to 7th street and up 7th to a point due west of "Roy's Tower," and thence to the river ; area enclosed, 385 acres.) In 1823 William Carr Lane was elected mayor, and Thomas McKnight, James Kennerly, Philip Rocheblave, Joseph V Garnier, Archibald Gamble (the presiding officer), Wm. H. Savage, Robert Nash Robert Wash, Joshua Barton (died while in office), James Soper, Henry Von Phul and James Lakenan aldermen, and Macky Wherry, register and collector; Henry Von Phul, auditor; Jean P. Cabann6, treasurer; Joseph C. Brown and Rene Paul, surveyors ; Asher F. Cook, lumber master ; John Bobb, street commissioner ; Joseph C. Laveille, commissioner ; Sullivan Blood, constable, and Peter Ferguson and Marie P. Leduc, assessors. The salary of the mayor was only ^300, but Mr. Lane applied himself so earnestly to the duties of his office that there was a marked improvement in the city regulations. However,, it was about this time a citizen writing to some friend who contemplated emigrating to the new city said, "Do not come unless you wish to live the life of a frog or a tortoise in the unfathomable mud of St. Louis." April 29th, 1825, was memorable for the visit of the Marquis de Lafayette, who was the guest of Pierre Chouteau, Sr. Half the city turned out to meet the gallant Frenchman as he landed opposite the old market house on the south side of Market street. In the evening a splendid ball was given to him at the Mansion House on the n. e. cor. of 3d and Market streets, and during his stay high and low united in honoring the French hero. During this year the opening of a direct ST. LOUIS. 531 road, under Major Sibley, to Santa Fe, increased the commerce of St. Louis. In 1826 work commenced on the Court House, and in the following year on the Arsenal, in the southern part of the city, the place it now occupies. Previous to 1809, the streets were called by their primitive French appellatives, but after this date, all the streets running west, excepting Market street, were known by letters. Market was then, as now, the dividing line, and the streets on either side were called North A, South A, etc., but in 1827 this was changed, and the names now borne by these streets were given. In 1830 a bridge was built across Mill Creek, at the intersection of Fourth and Fifth streets, and many improvements were made in grading and paving the streets. The year 1836 found the young city making steady and vigorous growth; a new hotel was completed, a new church erected and the corner stone of the St. Louis Theater was laid May 24th, on the s. e. corner of Third and Olive streets. A new city directory was published during the year by Mr. Charles Keemle. The disastrous year of 1837 opened as propitiously as the previous one for St. Louis, and February ist, an act for the incorporation of the Bank of the State of Missouri was approved. The capital stock was five million dollars; of the parent bank John Smith was chosen president, Hugh O'Neill, Sam'l S. Rayburn, Edward Walsh, Edward Dobyns, Wm. L. Sublette and John O' Fallon, all of St. Louis, directors. The house of Mr. Pierre Chouteau, Jr., on Main near Vine, was purchased for its occupancy, -and it opened with the entire favor and confidence of the people. But before the close of the year, remarkable in financial annals for the terror and ruin it "brought to the whole country, it was compelled to suspend, following a precedent which had been established by the leading banks of New York. In the summer of this year, Daniel Webster, with his wife and daughter, visited St. Louis, and was warmly received by the people. A grand barbecue was given in a grove just west of Ninth (on land owned by Judge Lucas), at which time there were about 6,000 people present. Webster addressed the people in a speech of more than an hour's length, and spoke with his usual matchless eloquence. Kemper College was opened in 1839, and soon after the medical department was attached, chiefly through the efforts of Dr. Joseph N. McDowell. The same year steps were taken to form a Mechanics' Exchange, the criminal court was established, and the mayor's court in the year following ; about this time an addition was built to the Court House. The year 1844 was marked by a great rise in the Mississippi, surpass- ing even the one in 1785. It attained its greatest height June 24th, 532 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL when it was 7 feet, 7 inches above the city directrix. More than five hundred persons were driven from their homes by the flood, and the newly erected tobacco warehouse and every tenement in the city were called into requisition to shelter them. Hundreds from the river towns above, whose homes had been swept away, sought shelter in St. Louis, and it was a time of great suffering ; but with the generosity which has always been a characteristic of the people of this city, their wants were relieved and they were kindly cared for. The Mercantile Library was founded in 1846, with James E. Yeatman, president. The news of the war with Mexico in this year, and the rumor that Gen. Taylor, with his handful of men, was surrounded by an over- whelming force, created the wildest excitement in St. Louis, and the Legion, a popular military company, began to prepare for the country west of the Rio Grande. The officers composing the regiment were as follows : A. R. Easton, colonel ; F. Kennet, lieutenant-colonel); G. Shoenthaller, major ; Henry Almstedt, adjutant ; George Johnson, surgeon ; R. H. Stevens, assistant-surgeon ; and Geo. Knapp, lieutenant and acting-commissary of subsistence. They left for New Orleans in a boat provided for the purpose, and thousands of citizens waved good-by and God-speed from the shore. After the advent of the first steamboat in 181 7, the commerce of St. Louis increased steadily, and in 1831 we find that, during the year, 121 boats had left the wharf, aggregate tonnage 15,470. Some idea of the growth attained in the next ten years may be inferred from the fact that in 1 841 there were 2,100 steamboats connected with the port, aggregate tonnage, 358,035, while there were 346 keel and flat-boats. The forma- tion of a sand-bar in the river, which had been going on since the earli- est history of the city, threatened permanently to interfere with steamboat trade, but the danger was so evident that the municipal and general governments took active measures, which resulted in the removal of the obstruction. Dec. 20th, 1847, the telegraph lines connecting with the East reached East St. Louis, and on the 28th of this month, a meeting of the prom- inent citizens took place to consider the advisability of the city sub- scribing ^500,000 toward the construction of the Ohio & Mississippi R. R. An Internal Improvement Convention had been held in St. Louis some years before, and a slight interest created in the subject, but the railways were then so distant and the shipping facilities of the city already so great, that the enthusiasm was but short-lived. But this year the locomotive had reached Cincinnati, and the time being ripe'^for effort the meeting bore substantial fruits. The money was subscribed by the general wish of the people and an enthusiasm for railroads thoroughly aroused, which resulted in the Railroad Convention in 1849, soon after ST. LOUIS. 53 J which, July 4th, 1S51, work was commenced on the Pacific Railroad, and the following year on the Ohio & Mississippi R. R. In 1852, the Chicago & St. Louis R. R., (then called Alton & Sangamon,) was opened to Car- linville by a public excursion, and on the 30th of June, 1855, the Ohio. & Mississippi R. R. to Vincennes. From this small beginning has grown the wonderful ramification of roads, which brings near to St. Louis every portion of our great country. The steamboat interest had kept pace in its growth with the other interests of the city, but on the 19th of May, 1849, it received a severe blow. The White Cloud, lying at the wharf between Vine and Cherry, in some mysterious way, supposed by an incendiary, took fire, and the flames; were quickly communicated to four other boats lying contiguous. The White Cloud floated out into the stream, the current carrying her among the fleet of boats which had cut their cables and drifted into the river to avoid the flames. The very means they had used to protect themselves proved their destruction, for their engines not being in operation, they were powerless to save themselves, and in a few moments the spectacle, presented itself of twenty-three boats in flames. The immense conflagra- tion was a mile in length. The levee was covered by bales, barrels, boxes and combustible i-naterials. The flames reached these, and thence to the city, and as the supply of water failed, whole blocks were swept away before the work of destruction could be stayed. The property destroyed amounted to over ^3,000,000. The Asiatic cholera also swept over the city this year with more deadly malignity than ever before or- since. As it abated in the fall, the city presented a forlorn aspect. Nearly one-tenth of the inhabitants had been swept away by the scourge, and the business of the city had been fearfully crippled by the fire. How- ever, the work of rebuilding was vigorously commenced. Main street was widened, the levee improved, better buildings were erected and a system of sewerage commenced which has elevated St. Louis to its proud rank of healthfulness among the cities of the Union; and all this was done without the least outside assistance. The shipping interest very soon rallied, and magnificent steamboats were built which were far in advance of anything that had been known, and bore but slight resemblance to the quaint and awkward Gen. Pike, the first steamboat that touched the levee of St. Louis. Since 1855, which marked the inauguration of the railroad system, St. Louis has moved forward with colossal strides. New streets and broad avenues in every direction have been opened ; elegant residences have been erected and tasteful parks laid off"; the city has stretched out to various suburbs and made them her own. In the old part of the town the change has been scarcely less marked. Massive rows of substantial business houses have replaced the poorly built ones of the past, and now, even on the oldest streets, scarcely a vestige of the quaint French trading house and residence 334 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL remains. In every department of business the change has been equally marked. Of manufactures then, the city had scarcely any ; now it is emphatically the manufacturing city of the West. In 1S59 the omnibus lines gave place to the horse-cars, and now there are ten distinct lines reaching almost every part of the city. The old reservoir has been replaced by larger and better water-works, constructed at a cost of ;g4,ooo,ooo. New hotels have been erected, the court-house completed, and an elegant and substantial new jail has been built. Nor have the people been unmindful of schools, churches and asylums. The public school system has increased to mammoth proportions, having an enroll- ment of about 32,000 pupils ; number of districts, 41 ; colored schools, 6 ; besides these, there are the Normal and High Schools, and the depart- ments connected with the Polytechnic. The Public School Library, established in 1865, and now having 37,000 volumes and a membership of over 5,000 must be mentioned in connection with the schools. The universities and private schools compare favorably with any in the coun- try, and this may also be said of the churches and charitable asylums. CITY HALL, Corner Chestnut and Eleventh Streets. ST. LOUIS. 535 CHAIRMEN 'OF THE TRUSTEES Of St. Louis from its incorporation as a town, Nov. 9th, 1809, (by decree of the Court of Common Pleas of the District of St. Louis under act of Legislature,) to its incorporation as a city, Dec. 9th, 1822 : 1810, Augusta Chouteau. 181 7, Elijah Beebe. 181 1, Charles Gratiot. 1818, Thomas F. Riddick. 1S12, '' " 1819, Peter Ferguson, jgj^ (( a 1820, Pierre Chouteau, Sr. 1814, Clement B. Penrose. 1821, " 1815, Elijah Beebe. 1822, Thomas McKnight. 1816, MAYORS Of St. Louis from its incorporation as a city, Dec. 9th, 1822, to the present date : 1823, Wm. Carr Lane. 1824, " " " 1825, " " '' 1S26, " " " 1827, " " '' 1828, '' " " 1829, Daniel D. Page. 1830, " " " 1831, " " '' 1832, " '' '' 1833, Samuel Merry. 1834, John W. Johnston. 1835, John F. Darby. 1836, " " '' 1837, '' " " 1838, Wm. Carr Lane. 1839, " " " 1840, John F. Darby. 1841, John D. Daggett. 1842, George Maguire. 1843, Jo^^ ^- Wimer. 1844, Bernard Pratte. 1845, 1846, Peter G. Camden. 1847, Bryan Mullanphy. 1848, John M. Krum. 1849, James G. Barry. 1850, Luther M. Kennett. 1851, " " 1852, '' " '• 1853, John How. 1854, " 1855, Washington King. 1856, John How. 1857, John M. Wimer. 1858, Oliver D. Filley. 1859, " " " i860, '' " " 1861, Daniel G. Taylor. 1862, '' " 1863, Chauncy I. Filley. 1864, James S. Thomas. 1865, " " 1866, '* " 1867, " *' 1868, " " 1869, Nathan Cole. 1870, 1 87 1, Joseph Brown. 1872, " 1873, " " 1874, " " ST. LOUIS, 537 The Parks of the city are numerous, some of them adorned at great expense and afford most delightful and healthful retreats. Lafayette Park, occupying the square corner of Lafayette and Mis- sissippi avenues, contains 30 acres, and with improvements is valued by the city at ^1,025,000. It is beautifully adorned with numerous shade trees, fountains, waterfalls, lakes, grottoes, etc. Statues of Benton, and of Washington, (the former executed at Rome by Harriet Hosmer,) occupy prominent positions in this park. Tower Grove Park, on Grand avenue, in the south-western part of the city, was acquired October 20th, 1868, by gift of Henry Shaw, and contains 276 acres. It is one of the finest carriage drives in the city, and is being constantly improved by the authorities. It is accessi- ble by the Gravois street horse cars. Present valuation of the park grounds and improvements, ^1,000,000. Missouri Park, corner of Fourteenth and Olive streets, contains 4 acres, and is valued at ^290,000. Hyde Park, corner Fourteenth and Salisbury streets, contains 12 acres, and is valued at ^100,000. Carr Square, corner Carr and Sixteenth streets, contains 3 acres, and is valued at ^100,000. Washington Square, corner Clark avenue and Thirteenth street, •contains 6 acres, and is valued at ^230,000. St. Louis Place, corner Herbert street and Rauschenoact avenue, contains 16 acres, and is valued at ^140,000. Forest, Northern and Lindell Parks, in the vicinity of the city, are comparatively new, but are destined to become magnificent affairs and most popular resorts. Forest Park contains 1,375 ^.cres; Northern Park 180 acres; and Lindell Park, 60 acres. The Missouri Botanical Gardens, generally known as Shaw's Garden, near Tower Grove Park, contain no acres, and have been Tinder cultivation since 1857, under the supervision of Mr. Henry Shaw, the present owner. On the death of this gentleman the gardens become the property of the city. There are three principal departments, which we will describe in brief, as follows : The Herbaceous and Flower Garden, embracing 10 acres, contains :almost every flower that can be grown in this latitude, and contains ;severai plant houses, with thousands of exotic and tropical plants. In the Fruiticetum or Experimental Fruit Garden, comprising 6 acres, are cultivated all the various kinds of fruits of this latitude, including many varieties of grapes and strawberries. The Arboretum, comprising 25 acres, embraces all kinds of ornamental and forest trees of this climate. In this section is the Pineium, con- taining all the coniferous trees of this latitude ; and the Quercetum embraces all the varieties of oak, and the Salictum nearly every species of willow. FOURTH STREET FRONT OF WILLIAM BARR & CO. S GRAND DRY GOODS ARCADE, Showing Third Street addition in distance. Our Order Dbpartmbnt will attend promptly to your wishes if the following regulations are complied with : 1st — Write name and post-office address distinctly. 2d — Say how you want goods shipped. 3d — Put in samples when possible. 4th — State quantities and measurements clearly. 5th — Enclose Bank Draft, P. O. Order, or send currency by Express or in Registered Letter, 6th — Goods send C. O. D. when so desired. P. S.— Samples sent without charge when requested. Address, William Barr & Co., Retailers of Dry Goods, Boots and Shoes, etc., 420 & 422 North Fourth Street, and 501 & 503 North Third Street, St. Louis. ST. LOUIS. 539 The Labyrinth is a winding hedge -bordered pathway leading to the summer-house in the center. A neat, fire-proof building is devoted to the Museum, Herbarium and Botanical Library. The Public Buildings, Institutions, Etc., of St. Louis, not only those under the control of government and municipal authorities, but especially those supported by religious denominations and benevolent societies, are very numerous ; among the principal ones are the following : The U. S. Government has its circuit and district courts, custom- house, post-office, etc., in the post office building, corner of Third and Olive streets. These offices are all to be removed on the completion of the magnificent new building now being erected for their accommodation on the square between Olive and Locust, Eighth and Ninth streets. St. Louis Barraclis (formerly Arsenal), is located in the southern part of the city and has a beautiful situation fronting the river. It is now used for a cavalry recruiting depot, and is occupied by about 300 soldiers under Gen. Benj. H. Grierson, the hero of " Grierson's Raid." The U. S. Marine Hospital is located on the river a little south of the Arsenal, and is open to all river men. About one-half of the expense of the institution is met by appropriations from Congress, and the bal- ance by an assessment on those entitled to its privileges. For description oi Jefferson Barracks, see page 514. The State Government. — The Missouri institution for the Education of the Blind, located on Morgan street, corner of Twentieth, is an elegant and commodious building, and is under efficient management. The County of St. Louis owns the following buildings : The Court House, which occupies the square between Fourth and Fifth and Market and Chestnut. The lot was donated in September, 1823, by Auguste Chouteau and wife and John B. C. Lucas, and is now valued at about ;^9oo,ooo. The cost of the building was ;^ 1,3 12, 202. The Supreme Court of the State of Missouri, the County Pi;obate Court, the Circuit Court for St. Louis County, and the County Court hold their sessions in this building, and here are the offices of most of the county officials. The St. Louis Law Library is also located in this building. The Four Courts is a new and elegant building, which, including the jail, occupies the square between Clark avenue and Spruce street and Eleventh and Twelfth streets. The building, including the amount paid for the grounds— ^125,000— cost ^880,000. The St. Louis County Criminal Court, the Court of Criminal Correction, and the Police Court hold their sessions in this building, and several of the county offices are located here. The St. Louis County Insane Asylum, located near Tower Grove Park, is also a very fine building. It was commenced in 1864, and cost, includ- ing 25 acres of ground and the artesian well, $880,000. The Caunty Farm (Poor House), adjoins the County Insane Asylum^ 540 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. CITY HOSPITAL, COR. LAFAYETTE AVE. AND LINN ST. -s=^= — ;::^^ .. irrfNBE;ii.&-soRBEi!.^ST.Li)uiSi HOUSE OF INDUSTRY, ST. LOUIS. 541 and occupies about 50 acres. The new building just completed cost ^^250,000. The City of St. Louis owns property, including parks, market- houses, engine-houses, water-works, hospitals, etc., to the amount of $12,513,295, about one-half of which represents the cost of the reservoir and water-works. The following list includes the principal public build- ings, institutions, etc., under the control of the city: The City Hospital, corner of Lafayette avenue and Linn street. It is now being materially enlarged. Valuation, $225,000. The Work House, with about 9 acres of ground, is located corner of Maramec and Carondelet avenues. Valuation, $68,000. The House of Industry, with about 14 acres of ground, is on the Manchester Road. Valuation, $80,000. The Quarantine Hospital, at Quarantine station, comprises 55 acres. Valuation, $40,000. Arsenal Island (formerly small-pox hospital), comprises about 9 acres. Valuation, $25,000. The House of Refuge is a reformatory school for juvenile offenders, and comprises about 19 acres. Valuation, $105,000. The Water- Works, situated at Bissell's Point near the northern part of the city, are ample to supply the wants of the people. Various strain- ers are arranged to free the water from foreign matter, and these, with the 4 settling reservoirs, take from the water about 95 per cent, of the sedimentary matter before it is pumped into The Distributing Reservoir, on Compton Hill corner Grand and Lafayette avenues, which comprises 36 acres. The City Hall is located on corner of Eleventh and Chestnut, and contains the principal city offices. Valuation of lot and building, $286,000. The Market Houses of the city are 5 in number, advantageously distributed to meet the wants of the people, and are as follows: Union, valuation $360,000; Soulard, valuation $72,000; Centre, valuation $176,000; Lucas, valuation $92,000, and City, valuation $62,200. The Engine Houses are 14 in number, and including engines, hose- carriages, fire alarm, etc., are valued by the city at $434,600. Street Improvements. — The total length of street pavement in St. Louis is about 174 miles; total length of sidewalk pavement about 300 miles; total length of wharf pavement, (ii>^ miles riverfront) 12^/^ miles; total length of water pipe laid in St. Louis, 102 miles; total length of sewers in St. Louis, 117 miles; total number of streets, 600; total length of public sewers in the city, 24^ miles ; total cost, $1,730,- 389. Length of district sewers, 92)^ miles; cost, $1,948,000. Street Railways. — Twelve different lines of street railways furnish easy transportation to the various parts of the city. ST. LOUIS. - 543 Public School System in St. Louis.* — No less rapid than the growth of the city has been the system of public education. Indeed for some time past there has been a decided gain in the percentage of the population attending school. This increase may be seen by comparison of the present status with that of thirty years ago. The statistics of public and private schools, and of the population now, and at the close of each decade, commencing with 1831, are as follows: Enrolled in Estimated Per cent. ^ , . Public Schools, Enrollment of entire Years. Population. p^^ ^^^ ;„ Private Population Evening. Schools. in Schools. 1841 20,826 350 700 5 1851 83,439 2,427 2,300 6 1861 163,783 13.380 7>8oo 13 1871 325'Ooo 31.087 17.500 15 1874 427,000 42,058 22,000 15 Facilities of education are of three kinds: ist. The public school system ; 2d. The parochial schools and colleges ; 3d. The schools and colleges founded by private enterprise. In each direction the develop- ment has been very rapid during the past five years. The public school system has provided for its annual increase by the erection of three or more buildings, each accommodating 700 pupils. These buildings are supplied with all modern improvements, and are neat and tasteful in their construction. Different religious organizations have been very active from the beginning in providing means of education. Several very fine structures have been erected annually for several years by the Catholic Church, exclusively for school purposes. The matter of education has received the most careful attention- of late years on the part of all classes of society, and the conviction is general that material prosperity is indissolubly connected with the fostering of intelligence by the establishment of free schools. As far back as 181 2, Congress passed an act setting apart certain vacant lands in the Territory of Missouri, situated in or adjoining St. Louis, St. Charles, and other settlements, for the support of schools in those " towns and villages." Other acts amendatory and supplementary to this were passed in 1824 and 1831. Out of these grants a large school fund has accumulated for St. Louis, amounting to upwards of ^2,000,000. Adding to this the value of property in use for school purposes, we have a total of ^3,500,000 permanent investment for the city schools, which are under the management of the corporate body known as the "Board of President and Directors of the St. Louis Public Schools." This board has not only the sole and exclusive control of the public schools and the school fund, but it possesses also the power of levying and col- *By Prof. W. T. Harris, LL. D., Superintendent Public Schools. 544 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. r^ 0> 9S X 4-> c; c bfl to 6 p o o w 73 o to to . n to •4-> V4 bO bO 3 (1) 3 "rt (*M OS O^ .2 O o c s o hf) to <4-l o to -S 3 C o n S bO o 1) 3 73 to t5 ■*-» ■»-> i> O 11) 3 o s >> C h- 1 to 'o o o to 00 lU 'o to O n OJ s: p- "to O c a ,c ^ o i u to o to O 3 1 o "3 o >-. l-H o c c o t/T to o a G t— ( to o to 1 a, a, o o n •<-> o O ■^^ bo c l-l o 3 .2 U 3 ^ u 73 3 t-r Ph o o j:; (J to o 3 13 o o IS O 2 "6 X o s to -^ )-< bO J3 o to 3 3 o a to rt n 4_» bO X to r1 (J rt ^ > _3 *> 'o E rt t-l O rt O rt o bO C ^ to" 3 a W) «4J to I-. 4-* n-i •— ' OJ o; (U 4-1 c biD 3 o X ^ ^ H •—1 B o^ _3 o to OJ o •S3S 'sssusd -X3 )U9Jiu3 S)U3UI3AOjdU]l ^O ■*^0 ^O P^ ♦^O •♦•vO rs. » 0\ o ) ro ls.00 0\« r*^N cs*-" tN.t^O O N t>.mN -^ C •-" N a\rou-i t^-O r^ ft O w^ q\ t^ « "*'Co TO 00 o ■*■ in t^^o *^_oo_ 'O to "O O O M IDSO f" ------- t^ I t^^ ««-t^0 f^O MOOOO'O M c "ICO 00 00 ^ cr^^O N O C "-• O 0\^ ^^ 00 o o o\- M r*. in r>. -^ u^ a\oo mot w e4« N'<-»n-^N 000 «oo ■) t^ O CO fO JTOO n-i^O O l-l m t-v p vo • I T "* *r O 00 noo I -^ N o o o ; q^ M m O TO 0_ 0_ CS^ M ON CN -^vjD in o^ ' f~^ ^Tto "O moo'O fot^^r^os-rt-f^cvo ■ moo «% » w N « fO en - •sjdiwa^ I^^OX sitrssio 'ON I^'OX O ■^vO vO po M in H mm moo « no o N in(nrot^rO'^0\ONrOM f0^xmo O O ■* fO -^vO O O "^'O ^0 M O m N ro t^ M t-vrn« ■^H-oo'O t^ r>*oo t^ o "*■» N M_a\f^'-' ■^■^■^o o o_oo "^ ■* c> q^ '^^ O r^cH N t^mtN-rvrniorj m r^'O Q* w vOvO-O O «-■ (7^0 r--)'^N'0 rnr>.mro MHiMMMMcNro-^m mvo vo t^ t^ _^ m o\ w M m -"j-^ vomOOOmwOw^ 1^00 -"T -^ -^VO l^Hiir)*-TOQOW moO t^ N "* ■«*• Qn'O O^C^0 mwOMW t^(^ ^ ^ 0\ 0>TO TO 00 o\ '-' f^ "^TO o f^ m r* MI1MMC4C4C40 •psjua^ jaquinf^ * ^D O t^»0 •paBog Xq pauMO sasnoq-toogog j o 'oj >j 'I^OX 'si^iuappuj •Xjb|es ^siaqoB^x JO junoiuy aScjsAV •saa -q3Eax JO 'O^ aS^jaAy •aouB -puanv ^n^Q sS^-iSAV •3ui3uo| -ag jaqiunj^ aSeaaAv M vO H f-i 00 vO 00 0\TO 00 O^ ■ M m r* jvvo t^ t^oo o o "VOO Ov On •-• O O m i-i TO mTO TO m m mwciN ^^Nfnm■»^m mvo to to on n\o t^t>*t-»t^t^c^t>*t^ Tf mvo t^ M xo c I "^ -^ mvo OvO rn^M Os'^t^N f^OO TO TO Ov r*^ f^TO TO\0 OTOOO\ON'-'*^-'N t"^"^ 1 r^oo o m w 'J- TO moo On w '^ '^ "^ "^ » mvd" tC fo m cCto" oi o' n '*• tCco" O m" ■^ rOvO "O -^TO OnW'^'-NNTO'^O M in r^ M "",oo N t^ m -^ t^oo o oo m TO N m f^VO VO N TO_ ■^vO 0\ N_ On00_ O^ m^o" c^TO rn mTO o* O "-• m mTO on n 'l^3ox *siJ!0 •sXog \0 M ^VOTO O -^NNO OnnO oo ■* To O Nf M O^ O* C^OO OO^ P *-> ^0\M 0»0*« M \o '^ — r>.oo '^No QNO I-" w t^ONf^r^ t^ r^ ^TO TO ONN ON'^'fl-O ■^i-oc C •*■'*■ m ui N mvO >0 t^t^CNO N fomrN. TO N rn «^ ONVO Ov ^ O ^ 1^ w^TO m '*■ ro -^f o •- f^N^ m ri-i ^ in r^oo O rO Ov n^ On M^ w ON N OO^ N t-* m >o m m mNO w ■*nO no t^ t^. o o oj r-^ TO o^ o M « m ■* inso 1^00 on o m mvo no^novovonononono t^ I r I ■ I I r 1 T i r I I ^^TO O Q •-* f) rn Tj- mvo r^TO 3 M f) m Tj- invo r^TO On 6 m jiONOvONONO-OvOvOvO r«.tN.. ii A ST. LOUIS. 545 A flourishing public school library, containing upwards of thirty-six thousand volumes, is a novel feature in the system, but is a great practical success. Not merely the how to study is to be taught in this school system, but the what to study. The result proves that pupils become attached to the library during their connection with the schools, and in after life they continue their membership in it, and thus make their education perpetual. A system of evening schools commences operations in the month of October, and holds a session of four months, four evenings each weelc. In connection with this is the O' Fallon Polytechnic Institute, in whiclr are taught the elementaay studies of a Polytechnic education. These schools are free to all engaged in useful employments during the day. Over 5,000 youths and adults of both sexes availed themselves of the privileges of these schools during the winter of 1873-4. Those who were regular in attendance were awarded free memberships in the public school library. The Libraries of St. Louis are unequaled in excellence in the West, and reflect great credit upon those of her citizens by whom they have been inaugurated and maintained. We enumerate the more prominent : The St. Louis Mercantile Library, corner of Fifth and Locust streets, was organized January 13th, 1846, chiefly through the efforts of Messrs. John C. Tevis and Robert K. Woods. The first officers of the association were as follows: James E. Yeatman, president; L. M. Kennett, vice-president; R. K. Woods, treasurer; J. A. Dougherty, recording secretary ; S. A. Ranlet, corresponding secretary, and J, Dent, librarian. TTie present quarters of the library were occupied in 1855, and cost $150,- 000, of which $25,000 were for the lot, and $125,000 for the building. Among the volumes of this library are numbered some of the most rare and valuable books in America. An author's copy of Audubon's celebrated " Birds of America," in 4 volumes, is to be found here ; also a complete set of the British Patent Office Reports of inventions from 161 7 to the present time, with about 72,000 specifications, presented to the library by the English Government. This latter publication is a most magnificent work, and surpasses in extent and expense any single under- taking of the press since the invention of printing. The printing and binding of a set cost about $13,000 in gold. There are but 3 or 4 other sets of these reports in the United States. The statuary, among which may be mentioned the Beatrice Cenci and the CEnone, both by Harriet Hos- mer, also a full sized copy of Venus de Medici in bronze, and marble busts of Sir Walter Scott and the poet, Burns ; the portraits and land- scape paintings and the cabinets of ancient and modern curiosities, gathered from every continent, are of high order, and have required many years of intelligent labor and outlay in their collection. There is an extensive reading room in connection with the library, also an elegantly CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MLSSOURL furnished chess room. The great expense of maintaining this library is mainly met by membership fees and the rental of rooms and stores in the building. During the year 1873 the receipts from the former source were $15,142, and from the latter, $17,467. The total value of the property of the association is $297,872, of which $102,093 represent the books ; $30,932 the fine art collections; $18,361 the furniture, and $140,000 the real estate. The total number of members on January ist, 1S74, was 4,198 of whom 18 were honorary, 636 life, 725 proprietors, 1,403 clerks, and 1,416 beneficiaries. The number of volumes in the library was 40,440 ; the number of volumes issued during the year 1873, ^^ 122,896, and the number of readers during that-period was 5,387. The library has recently issued a new catalogue upon which much time and labor have been spent. The officers for 1874, are: Samuel M. Dodd, president; Walter M. Smith, vice-president ; G. W. Ware, recording secretary ; M. S. Wasson, corresponding secretary ; R. R. Hutchinson, treasurer, and John N. Dyer, librarian. Mr. Dyer has held his position since 1862. The St. Louis Public School Library, in Polytechnic Building, cor- ner of 7th and Chestnut streets, is under the control of the Board of Public Schools. The eiforts inaugurated in i860, by the late Hon. Ira DivoU, a true friend of education, rfesulted in the opening of this library on the corner of Olive and 5th streets, in December, 1865, with John Jay Bailey, Esq., as librarian. The library was moved to its present elegant and commodious quarters October ist, 1869, the library room proper (known as the Henry Ames Hall,) being"6o x 80 feet, and 30 feet high, and the reading room (formerly Polytechnic Hall.) being loo x 50 feet, and 42 feet high. This library contains the books and collections of the following St. Louis Societies : Academy of Science, the Medical, Historical, Microsco- pical and Art Societies, Local Steam Engineers' Association, Institute of Architects, and Engineers' Club. The present condition of the library is shown by the following figures: Total number of volumes, 36,507; periodicals in the reading room, 243; members, 5,477> of whom 1,935 ^^^ ^'^^ members and 3,542 others. Volumes issued during 1873, 106,495 '■> volumes added in year 1873, 3jOoo. A law was passed by the recent State Legislature, authorizing the School Board to appropriate money from the general school fund to maintain the library as a free public library of reading and reference. Aside from the two libraries mentioned above, which are the principal ones of the city, there are the St. Louis Law Library, located in the south wing of the Court House, corner of 5 th and Market streets, and a number of libraries connected with the various educational instituti'ons, and literary and benevolent societies. ST. LOUIS. 549 The Colleges and Institutions of Learning of St. Louis are numerous, and many of them of high order. We subjoin illustrations and descriptions of some of the more prominent : St, Louis University, corner Washington avenue and Ninth street, Rev. J. G. Zealand, president, was founded in the year 1829, principally by the exertions of the Rev. Fathers Van Quickenborn, Verhagen and P. J. De Smet, all members of the Society of Jesus. It was incorpor- ated in 1832, and empowered to confer degrees and academical honors in all the learned professions, and generally "to have and enjoy all the powers, rights and privileges, exercised by literary institutions of the same rank." The first building, on Christy avenue, 40 x 50 feet and four stories high, was begun in 1828, and was completed in 1829, classes beginning on November 2d of that year, with 10 boarders and 25 day scholars, and at the end of the session there were 30 boarders and 120 externs. An exhibition hall with rooms for apparatus was erected in 1835, the building fronting on Washington avenue, nearly opposite Tenth street. The church was completed in 1843; ^ building for dormitories and an infirmary was erected in 1845, fronting on Christy avenue, between Tenth and Eleventh streets. In 1849 ^^ medical college on Washing- ton avenue between Tenth and Eleventh streets was purchased, and con- verted into a study-hall, dormitories, etc., for the junior students, and a building was erected to the north of it in 1852 for the further wants of the juniors. The fine building on the corner of Ninth and Washington avenue was begun in 1853, and was ready for use in 1855. The exhibi- tion-hall is justly considered to be one of the most elegant in the West ; it was painted in fresco by L. Pomarede, a St. Louis artist. The last of the buildings erected on Ninth street, between Washington and Christy avenues, is 96 x 45 feet, and contains twelve fine class rooms, the Philalethic Hall, and a magnificent dormitory. The College possesses a valuable museum, which contains a great variety of specimens, both of nature and of art, collected from various quarters of the globe. The Library contains 23,000 volumes — embracing all branches of literature and science — and among them are some rare old works, pub- lished but a short time after the invention of the art of printing. The system of instruction is paternal, and the greatest harmony and kindness seem to be kept up between professors and students. This time honored institution has reason to be proud of its alumni, whose prominent positions in society, and whose success in the professions as well as mercantile pursuits, attest equally its worth and the efficiency of its instruction and discipline. During the session of 1873-74, the number of students in attendance was over 400, and the present term promises to be much more numerously attended. CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. Washington University, corner 17th street and Washington avenue, Wm. G. Eliot, D.D., Chancellor, was incorporated February 2 2d, 1853, and formally inaugurated April 2 2d, 1857, on which occasion an oration was delivered by the Hon. Edward Everett. This institution embraces the whole range of university studies except medicine and theology. By the terms of its charter, no instruction either sectarian in religion or partisan in politics is allowed in any of its departments; nor can any sectarian or party test be permitted in the election of any of its professors or officers, or in the admission of pupils. The University comprises five distinct departments, containing in 1874 an aggregate of 53 instructors and 940 students. The three higher depart- ments are equally open to both sexes. These departments are as follows: I. The Academy, Prof. Denham Arnold, Principal, in which the course of instruction extends through five years, and is preparatory to the col- lege and polytechnic departments. II. Mary Institute, Prof. C. S. Pennell, Principal, is a seminary for ST. LOUIS. 551 young ladies, and occupies buildings and grounds by itself. It is so con- nected with the other departments of the University, as to secure to its pupils the same advantages as are accessible to young men. III. The College, Prof. M. S. Snow, Registrar, comprises a four years' course of study, which, when completed, entitles the student to the degree of bachelor of arts. The judicious use of the elective system of study in this department, adds to its effectiveness and popularity. IV. The Polytechnic Department, Prof. C. M. Woodward, Dean, com- prises a four years' course of study, and prepares students to become engineers, chemists or architects. In this department there are six dis- tinct courses, viz. : civil engineering, mechanical engineering, chemistry, mining and metallurgy, building and architecture, and a "general course." These courses include practical work in the laboratories and field work in engineering and geology. The degrees conferred corres- ponding to the six courses of study, are : civil engineer, mechanical engineer, chemist, engineer of mines, architect, and bachelor of sciences. V. Tlie Law School, George M. Stewart, Esq., Dean, prepares young men to a degree far above the ordinary standards of admission to the bar, for the practice of the profession. Its commodious reading room contains more than 3,000 volumes for the daily use of the students. Scholarships. — The University has a trust fund of $30,000, and a sustentation fund of $10,000, each the gift of the Western Sanitary Commission. The former fund establishes twenty-five free scholarships in the college or polytechnic departments, to be filled by children or descendants of Union soldiers who served in the late Civil War, and in default of such applicants to others especially recommended. The income from the sustentation fund is to be used to aid students in straitened circumstances, giving preference to descendants of Union soldiers as above. Other scholarships have been established by individ- uals for students in the various departments, and it is safe to say that no deserving young man need leave the university for want of means. Libi-aries. — The library of the University is composed chiefly of books of reference, and numbers about 2,000 volumes. Through the lib- erality of a number of the citizens of St. Louis, the privileges of Mer- cantile Library are extended under prescribed conditions to such members of the University as may be designated by the Chancellor. 7he Endo'W77ient Funds of the University are chiefly general, and its total endowment and property are estimated at upwards of $750,000. This University has reached a position of commanding influence in the educational interests of the city and State, and is so firmly established as to give certain promise of a great and rapidly increasing prosperity. The examinations for admission to the various departments of this insti- tion, are held in June and September of each year. For terms of admis- sion, tuition and catalogues, apply to W. G. Eliot, Chancellor. 552 CAMFBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. CHRISTIAN BROTHERS COLLEGE. The College of the Christian Brothers, corner of Eighth and Cerre streets, Brother James, Director, was founded by the Brothers of the Christian Schools in 1851; incorporated and empowered to con- fer academical honors by the State Legislature in 1855. Its successful career is marked by the large amount of public confidence it has already gained, and the annual increase in the number of students. These happy results are the best recommendation to parents and guardians. Great attention is paid to the health and happiness of its inmates — ventilation, cleanliness, dormitories, refectory, recreation halls for cold and damp weather, etc., being specialties. The various arts and sciences usually taught in colleges find here an appropriate place in a system of education established by experience, conducted on the most approved plan, and with a devotedness commen- surate with the greatness of the work engaged in. By reason of the ^reat number of classes, a thorough graduation for all capacities and re- quirements has been attained, and the frequent examinations and promo- tions beget emulation, the soul of advancement, making labor a pleasure and success a certainty. The institution possesses an excellent philosophical and chemical ap- paratus, a museum and a select library for the use of the students. The session commences on the first -Monday in September, and ends on the Wednesday before the last Thursday in June. The religion professed and taught in the College is the Catholic. Stu- dents of other denominations are admitted, provided they are willing, for the sake of order and uniformity, to attend the public exercises of reli- gious worship. ST. LOUIS, 55i URSULINE ACADEMY. Ursuline Academy, on State, between Russell and Ann streets, was established in 1848, and is a flourishing institution devoted to the education of young ladies. This academy, in its thorough plan of education, unites all the advan- tages that can be derived from a judicious and conscientious care bestowed on the pupils in every branch of science becoming their sex. Propriety of deportment, personal neatness and the principles of morality, are objects of unceasing attention. The Young Ladies' Academy of the Visitation, on Cass avenue, between Twenty-first and Twenty-third streets, was established in 1833, at Kaskaskia, a small French village, near the left bank of the Mississippi River, in the south-western part of Illinois, and was removed to St. Louis during the great inundation of 1844. It ranks among the oldest and best patronized educational institution in the West, and is conducted by the Religious Sisters of the Order of the Visitation, founded in 1610, in Savoy, by St. Francis, Count of Sales, and Ste. Jane Frances, Baroness of Chantal. Its location combines the advantages both of country and city, occupying an elevated, healthy and beautiful site in the north-western part of the city, possessing shaded walks, ample grounds, an extensive and commodious range of buildings, with well ventilated and spacious rooms and halls, and covered areas and piazzas for open air exercise in inclement weather, and such other facilities for the promotion of the health and happiness of its youthful occupants, as the gentle, maternal system of government adopted by the religious sisterhood in charge has deemed expedient. The pupils of this institution receive a thorough training in all branches of learning becoming their sex. 554 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Concordia College, Jefferson avenue, between Miami and Chippewa streets, Rev. C. F. W. Walther, president, is a theological seminary under the control of the German Evangelical Lutheran Synod. There is an able corps of instructors and a large number of students. Attached to the college are the extensive book concern and printing and binding establishments of the Synod. In addition to these, there are in St. Louis many more seminaries, academies, parochial and private schools, also several flourishing medical, dental, pharmacy, and commercial colleges HEBREW SYNAGOGUE, Corner Pint and SevenUenth StrteU. ST. LOUIS. 555 SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH, Corner fMcust and Beaumont Streets. Churches.-The church edifices of St. Louis are numerous, and many of them very costly and truly magnificent. Many of the evangel- ical protestaut organizations during the first three months of 1874 received large accessions to their membership, on account of a great revival occurring at that time under the leadership of Rev E P Hammond, an evangelist. There are in the city 152 houses of worship! with a valuation of over ^5,000,000, besides many mission buildings Of these churches 16 are Baptist; 3 Christian; 4 Congregational; 12 Epis- copal; 9 German Evangelical; i English Evangelical Lutheran; 12 Ger- man Evangelical Lutheran; 4 Hebrew; 12 Methodist Episcopal; 9 M E.Ch. South; 2 New Jerusalem; 18 Presbyterian; 2 Cumberland Pres- byterian ; i Presbyterian Reform; 36 Roman Catholic; 2 Unitarian; 4 Latter Day Saints; i Society of Friends; i Free Religious Society; 2 Independent (German) Evangelical Protestant; and i Free Methodist .n?r'*'"^';~^n^'^'"''"' '"^^ ^'^^^'•>^ ^'^ '^' P'-^^-'P^l cemeteries; and there are 26 smaller ones owned by different churches and societies 556 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. The Press of St. Louis ably occupies the various departments of journalism. We subjoin a brief mention of the prominent newspapers of the city. REPUBLICAN BUILDING, Southeast comer of Third and Chestnut Streets. The St. Louis Republican. — July 12th, 1808, the first newspaper west of the Mississippi, appeared in St. Louis, known as the Missouri Gazette, a diminutive sheet, measuring 12x16 inches. In 1809, its title was changed to Louisiana Gazette, and in July 1818, its former name was again assumed, but gave place, in 1822, to that of Missouri Republican. Until April 9th, 1833, it was published as a weekly, when a semi-weekly edition was added. April 3d, 1835, a tri-weekly edition took the place of the semi-weekly, and September 3d of the following year, the proprie- tors began the publication of a daily. The establishment has twice been destroyed by fire, and at each time but one day's issue has been omitted. It now (1874) has the finest and best arranged printing office in the West, and employs regularly about twenty editors and a large corps of special correspondents. The Republican is published by George Knapp & Co., a stock company, of which George and John Knapp and H. G. Paschall are directors. Politically, the Republican is Independent and Conservative. ST. LOmS. 557 The St. Louis Democrat, late Missouri Democrat, has an interesting history. In 1853, Mr. Wm. McKee and Mr. Wm, Hill, at that time pro- prietors of the Democrat, purchased the Union, an anti-Benton organ, and the consolidation of the two in the Missouri Democrat followed. In 1857, Mr. G. W. Fishback, who had been for three years acting as one of the editors of the Democrat, purchased an interest therein, and it was conducted by the above parties without change until 1863, when Mr. D. M. Houser became a partner in the concern, and the firm was McKee, Fishback & Co. Its publication was continued under this part- nership until early in 1872, when Mr. Fishback bought out his partners, paying for the concern ^456,100. After the purchase a joint stock com- pany was immediately formed, Mr. Fishback retaining the controlling interest. Mr. W. P. Fishback is a large stockholder and principal editor, while the business conduct is in charge of Mr. Otto H. Hassel- man, also largely interested in the company. The Democrat is a thirty- six column folio paper, with daily, tri-weekly, and weekly editions. Politically it is independent Republican. The establishment occupies, in connection with an extensive job printing and lithographic depart- ments, a four story building on the north-east corner of Fourth and Pine streets. The St. Louis Globe, established in 1872, is one of the leading daily journals of St. Louis. Its proprietors, Messrs. McKee & Houser, built up the Def?iocrat, and the ex])erience thus acquired has enabled them to make the Globe, thus early in its history, a permanent institution of the Mississippi Valley. The Giode is of first-class size, and of superior typographical excellence. Its news' columns are full, and it is edited with marked ability. The Globe's speedy success is a proof not only of the financial ability of its management and the power of its editorial staff, but also of the growth of St. Louis and the West in population, intelligence and wealth. The St. Louis Evening Journal, published every afternoon except Sunday, by the Wolcott & Hume Co., 409 Olive street, is Republican in politics. The St. Louis Weekly Journal, published by the Wolcott & Hume Co., 409 Olive street, is Republican in politics, and is extensively circulated throughout the western States and Territories. The Journal of Commerce, published by the Wolcott & Hume Co., 409 Olive street, is devoted to the manufacturing, mining and railroad interests of Missouri and the West. The St. Louis Dispatch, Democratic in politics, is issued every afternoon, and has also a weekly and tri-weekly edition. Mr. Stilson Hutchins is managing editor, and under his care the paper is rapidly improving, and has recently moved into larger and more central quarters — corner 5th and Olive — to accommodate its increasing business. 558 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL TIMES BUILDING. The St. Louis Times, established in 1866, is a large quarto eight page paper, containing fifty-six columns, and is published daily, tri- weekly and weekly, with a triple sheet on Sunday. The Times is a first- class journal, the several departments being in charge of able and well qualified gentlemen. This paper, having an excellent job printing establishment connected with it, occupies the elegant and commodious quarters n. e. corner Fifth and Chestnut streets, is carefully edited — democratic in politics, and has a large and steadily increasing circulation. ST. LOUIS. 559 The Anzeiger des Westens, a German newspaper, Democratic in politics, issued daily and weekly, was established in 1834. Since 1863 it has been owned and published by the "Anzeiger" Association, Carl Daenzer, president and chief editor. The association in 1873 erected a large double building for its sole use — one of the best arranged news- paper establishments in the city. The Westliche Post, a Geeman daily, morning paper. Republican in politics, was established in 1857, and is published at s. w. cor. 5th and Market streets, by Plate, Olshausen & Co. Editors, Emil Preetorius and Carl Schurz. It has a large and increasing circulation. The Amerika is a German morning daily, Sunday and weekly news- paper, published by the German Literary Society, No. 106 n. 3d street. This paper was established in October 1872, and has acquired a large circulation, having subscribers throughout the Union and in Germany. It is independent in politics. Anton Hellmich is its chief editor. Henry Spaunhorst is president of the board of managers. The St. Louis Courier, a German daily evening paper, with the Missouri Blatter as Sunday paper, and a weekly appearing on Wednes- days, is published at 206 and 208 n. 3rd street, by the St. Louis Courier Co., president, Henry Gambs; editor-in-chief, Dr. E. H. Makk. The following are among the principal weeklies of the city : The Central Baptist, Luther & Teasdale, publishers, 721 n. 4th. Central Christian Advocate, Benj. St. James Fry, ed., 913 n. 6th. Central Law Journal, Soule, Thomas & Wentworth, pubs., 208 s. 4th. Christian, J. H. Garrison, editor, 302 n. Main. Colman's Rural World, Norman J. Colman, editor, 612 n. 5th. Cumberland Presbyterian, Rev. J. R. Brown, editor, 505 n. 6th. Fireside Visitor, Thos. J. Henley, manager, 302 n. Main. Old School Presbyterian, B. C. Cox, publisher, 212 n. 5th. St. Louis Railway Register, W. A. Smith,ed.,room 7 Temple Building. The Western Celt, Daniel O'Madigan, proprietor, 301 Olive. The following are among the principal monthlies of the city : The American Journal of Education, now in its seventh volume, has become, by its ability and circulation, one of the leading educational papers of the country. It numbers among its editorial writers and con- tributors some of the ablest educators in the land. Five editions are now published in as many States. J. B. Mervin is the managing editor and publisher, 917 n. 6th street. American Medical Journal, Field & Pietzer, pub., 614 Olive street. American Sunday School Worker, published by J. W. Mclntyre, 4 s. 5 th street. Central Magazine, published by Miss Mary Nolan, 1023 Washing- ton avenue. Christian Repository, Rev. S. H. Ford, editor and pub. 215 Pine. 56o CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Church News, Rev. Edwin Coan, editor, Hendricks, Chittenden & Co. publishers, 204 n. 5th. Home Grange, A. R. P'oote, publisher, 11 Insurance Exchange. Inland Monthly, C. Smith & Co., publishers, 625 Olive. Illustrated Journal of Agriculture, Journal of Agriculture Co., publishers, 310 n. 6th. Illustrated Monthly Railway News, Will Conklin, publisher, 3d, between Pine and Olive streets. Ladies' Repository and Home Magazine, published by Western Methodist Book Concern, 913 n. 6th street, Lehre und Wehre, C. F. W. Walther, editor, 1724 s. 7th street, Post-Office Bulletin, Gale & Co., proprietors, s. e, cor. 5th and Olive streets. Room 13. The St. Louis Magazine, the oldest in the city, published by Julia M, Purinton, 302 n. Main. St. Louis Medical and Surgical Journal, Wm. S. Edgar, M. D., editor, 121 7 Pine street. The Freemason, Geo. F. Gouley, publishers. Freemason Hall. The Western, published by E. F. Hobart & Co., is the organ of the University Club, Academy of Science, Historical Society, Society of Pedagogy and Art Society, Western Insurance Review, H, L, Aldrich, publisher, corner 6th and Locust streets. Educational and Health Journal (quarterly), Hiram Beadle, editor, 510 Olive street. The Journal of Speculative Philosophy (quarterly), published by Prof. Wm. T, Harris, is managed with marked ability, and occupies, thus far, a field peculiarly its own. Southern Review (quarterly). Rev. A, T. Bledsoe, 510 and 512 Washington avenue. St, Louis Standard (semi-monthly). Van Beek, Barnard & Tinsley, publishers, 303 and 305 n. 3d street. Besides these there are about 30 other publications devoted to various societies or personal interests. Railroads. — As a railroad center, St, Louis is the northern terminus of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern, the north-eastern ter- minus of the Atlantic & Pacific, the eastern terminus of the Missouri Pacific, and the south-eastern terminus of the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern (formerly North Missouri) Railroads. By bridge across the river at this point, the southern terminus of the Rockford, Rock Island & St. Louis, the south-western terminus of the Chicago & Alton (and Jacksonville Branch,) and the Toledo, Wabash & Western Railroads ; also the western terminus of the Indianapolis & St. Louis ; Vandalia, Terre Haute & Indianapolis, and the Ohio & Mississippi Railroads ; and ST. LOUIS. 561 the north-western terminus of the St. Louis & South-eastern, (consol- idated) and the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute, (Belleville & Southern Illinois Division), the Illinois & St. Louis, and the Cairo & St. Louis (narrow gauge) Railroads. These lines, with the splendid water commu- nications of the city, give St. Louis facilities for securing and distributing freight unequaled by any other city on the continent. The St. Louis Bridge. — The first stone of the magnificent steel tubular bridge across the Mississippi River at this point was laid February 28th, 1868, since which time the work has steadily progressed under the management of its originator and able chief-engineer, Capt. James B. Eads. The bridge consists of three arches, the middle one being 520 feet clear, and the eastern and western each 502 feet clear. The distance over the river from center to center of abutments is 1,627 feet. The western approach measures 1,150 feet," and the eastern 3,500 feet; total length of the bridge and approaches, 6,277 ^eet, or one mile and about a sixth. The tunnel, which passes west under Washington avenue, and thence south under Eighth street, is 5,000 feet in length. While the main purpose is for a railroad bridge, it is also open for the passage of horse cars, teams and pedestrians. The total cost of the bridge is estimated at between seven and eight millions of dollars. Steamboats and Barges. — The statement of the tonnage of the port of St. Louis for 1873 gives the following figures : Number of steam- ers enrolled, 170, with a tonnage of 78,716; number of barges enrolled 159, with a tonnage of 58,286; total number of all vessels enrolled 329, with total tonnage of 137,003 ; number of hull and boiler inspections, 147. Arrivals at the port for 1873 were as follows : From Upper Mississippi, 907; Lower Mississippi, 868; Illinois, 215; Mis- souri, 102; Arkansas and White, 8; Cumberland and Tennessee, 11; Red, 39; and Ohio, 166. Total arrival of steamers, 2,316; total number of barges and canal boats, 1,020; total arrivals, 3,336; total tons of freight received, 801,055. Departures from the port for 1873 were as follows: To Upper Mississippi, 905; Lower Mississippi, 844; Illinois, 219; Missouri, 109; Arkansas and White, 4; Cumberland and Tennessee, 10; Red, 51; and Ohio, 161; total steamers departed, 2,303; total tons of freight shipped, 7S3.256. The Commercial and Manufacturing Interests of St. Louis have assumed colossal proportions. The goods of the business men of the city are distributed in immense quantities in all directions, but par- ticularly throughout the west and south-west. The character of our work admits of our giving only a brief, and hence necessarily incom- plete exhibit of the trade of the city, which is so enormous. The figures which we herewith present are deemed reliable, having been compiled and verified by us at no little cost of time and labor, and have, item by item, been approved by competent judges in each of the branches of 562 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOVRL trade represented. The figures showing receipts and shipments are taken from the last annual statement of the Union Merchants' Exchange, whose statistics are standard. The Union Merchants' Exchange was organized in 1862, and incorporated March 4th, 1863. Its membership in 1873 ^^ "^^Zl^Z- It succeeded to the St. Louis Chamber of Commerce, which was formed in 1850. President, (1874) Webster M. Samuel; Secretary, Geo. H. Morgan. The corner stone of the Chamber of Commerce was laid June 6th, 1874, with imposing Masonic ceremonies. Able and eloquent addresses were delivered by Rufus E. Anderson, Esq., Palmyra, Grand Master, and by Webster M. Samuel, Esq., the latter of whom referred to the resources of Missouri as follows : ** It will not be amiss to state here the very suggestive fact, an eloquent proof of our great resources and advancements in science and in mechanic arts, that the foundations of granite, the walls of sandstone and brick, the framework of iron and wood, the lead and iron plumbing and heating apparatus, a large portion of the glass, and even the very paint which will decorate its ceilings and graceful columns will come from the surface and bosom of our own State, and will be chiselled into beauty and moulded into form by our own artisans and manufacturers." The St. Louis Board of Trade was incorporated February 15 th, 1864. Its purposes are declared to be to promote the financial, manufacturing and industrial interests of the country at large, and especially of St. Louis and the Valley of the Mississippi. By its act of incorporation it is prohibited from trafficking in goods, wares or merchandise of any description. President, I. M. Mason ; Secretary, Joseph A. Wherry. The Mechanics' and Manufacturers' Exchange is an important association, composed mainly of the master builders of the city, and of those engaged in furnishing builders' supplies. President, James Luthy ; Secretary, W. C. Stamps. Custom House Transactions. — Receipts from various sources at the port of St. Louis, during 1873, were as follows: Import duty, 1^1,376,466 ; hospital tax, ;^i 1,206; inspections, $14,512; storage, $1,829; official fees, $2,630; collections in coin, $1,376,466; collections in currency, $30,179; total collections, $1,406,646. The foreign value warehoused during 1873 ^^s $3,730,894; the duty on warehousal was $1,257,447; foreign value withdrawn, $3,358,424; duty paid on withdrawal, $1,123,486; and the reduction of duty on goods withdrawn, $1,613. Transportation without appraisement : — Foreign value via New Orleans, $506,749; via New York, $579,677; via Baltimore, $24,061; via Boston, $250; via Philadelphia, $9,718; total foreign value, $1,120,455. Of the direct importations at this port, the following are among the THE JACCARD BUILDING, N. E. COR. FIFTH AND OLIVE STS., Was erected in 1869-70 l)y Eugene Jaccard & Co. for the accommodation of llieir extensive wholesale and retail Jewelry trade. It aptly represents the flourishing grow ih of their business, which was established on a vciy humble scale in 1820. ST. LOUIS. 563 most important: books and paper, ^19,543; diamonds and jewelry, $13^273; earthenware, ;?i62,33S ; dried fruits, 100,824 lbs.; window glass, 218,152 lbs.; iron rails, 26,296,216 lbs.; salt, 1,364,600 lbs.; ash soda, 2,000,086 lbs.; sugar, 36,989,226 lbs.; steel rails, 1,798,988 lbs.; cotton textile fabrics, 1^201,125; wool textile fabrics, $106,227; and leaf tobacco, 117,529 lbs. Merchandise and Sundries. — Receipts during 1873 were, 1,057,779 packages, and 9,360 car loads. Shipments from St. Louis, 5,390,320 packages, and 36,679 car loads. Of the above mentioned packages shipped, 1,583,753 were sent by river, and 3,806,567 by railroad. Freight Received and Shipped. — The number of tons of freight received during 1873 by railroad, was 3,245,178, and by river, 801,055 ; ^ total, 4,046,233. The shipments from the city during 1873 were, by railroad, 1,155,416 tons, and by river, 783,256 tons; total 1,938,672 tons. Banks and Bankers. — For the following statement of the banks of this city, on January ist, 1874, we are indebted to Mr. E. Chase, manager of the Clearing House : Number of banks in the city 60, of which 7 were national banks, whose circulation was $3,679,440. Aggregate capital and surplus of 60 banks, $19,176,595; saving deposits, $14,214,- 477; current deposits, $22,172,299; aggregate deposits, $36,386,777; loans and discounts, $40,886,211 ; and cash and exchange, $12,109,420. The St. Louis Clearing House Association, was formed December, 1868, and includes in its membership nearly all the banks of the city. The amount of clearing for the year ending May ist, 1874, was $1,107,414,677 ; and of balances during the same period $128,785,578. Insurance. — The abstract of Jan. 1874, of the Supt. of Insurance, shows that of the 15 joint stock fire and marine insurance companies of Missouri, 12 are located in St. Louis, and have $1,971,515 paid up capi- tal and gross assets, including stock notes of $3,182,928. Of the 18 mutual fire insurance companies of Missouri, 16 are located in St. Louis, and their gross assets are $5,000,000. St. Louis has also a number of first-class life insurance companies doing a good business. There are also many companies from other States, and a number from foreign countries doing business in St. Louis. Live Stock. — The additional facilities for transportation that the opening of the bridge furnishes, must undoubtedly give great impetus to this branch of the city's trade. The statistics for 1873 are as follows: Receipts of cattle, 279,678; sheep, 86,434 ; and of hogs, 973,512. The shipments from the city, were of cattle, 180,662; sheep, 11,90.2; and of hogs 224,873. Iron. — This most important interest is represented by many millions of capital, and gives employment to many thousands of men. There are in the city and vicinity six rolling mills with an aggregate capital of 5^4 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL o t/2 1 ^ U rt o o tfi % o 13 i o o ^ o o o to ^ 3 C/3 t/2 O tao t: rt rri >-i ^ C o o Xi U o ^ 3 -^ c .!2 •Td •ii S rt ^ ^ 3 ■*-► O J2 r c _o O o ^ s O t/3 F o a> >^ (U >.-H ri rt o ii r/) "*-» <1) ^ o ^ 'S ■" x; _IJ c H OJ fl) 17 £3 • RJ o ID 00 ,£3 ►"• 4-> 42o,287; number of barrels shipped from the city during 1873, 2,506,215; and the number of barrels consumed in the city during 1873, 283,983. Number of mills in St. Louis, 24. The statistics for wheat during 1873 ^^^ ^^ follows : Number of bushels received, 6,185,038; number of bushels ground in city mills, 5,393,032; and number of bushels shipped from the city, 1,210,286. The statistics for corn during 1873 ^'"'^ ^^ follows: Number of bushels received, 7,701,187; number of bushels consumed in the city, 665,- 495 ; number of bushels ground into meal, 1,796,428 ; number of bushels shipped from the city, 5,260,916. The statistics for oats during 1873 are as follows : Number of bushels received, 5, 359,853 ; number of bushels consumed in the city, 2,212, - 168; and number of bushels siiipped from the city, 3,215,206. The statistics iox rye during 1873 ^^^ ^s follows : Number of bushels received, 356,580 ; number consumed in the city, 255,567; and number of bushels shipped from the city, 206,652. The statistics for barley during 1873 ^^^ ^^ follows; Number of bushels received, 1,158,615; number consumed in the city, 1,117,800; and number shipped from the city, 125,604. ■ The statistics for corn meal ^nxmg 1873 are as follows: Number of barrels manufactured, 422,534; number received, 39,278; and number shipped from the city, 358,736. Elevators. — There are 5 elevators in the city and vicinity, and their receipts, including those of the St. Louis Warehouse, were, during 1873, ^s follows: 3,125,022 bushels of wheat; 5,230,937 bushels of corn, 3,227,031 bushels of oats, 549,680 bushels of barley, and 325,679 bushels of rye; total number of bushels, 12,458,349; number of bar- rels of flour received, 95,658; and of grain, 14,956 sacks. Provisions and Packing. — This is an important and growing branch of the trade of this city. The shipments, particularly to the south, are yearly increasing. The number of hogs received during 1873 ^^^ 973»5i2; number shipped from the city during 1873, 224,873 ; number packed during the season of 1872-73, 538,000; with average net weight of 208 pounds. The statistics for /<7/->^ during 1873 are asfollows: Receipts, 57,476 bar- ST. LOUIS. 569 Tels, 7,995 casks and tierces, 4,534 boxes, 968 packages, and 1,497,090 pieces. The exports for 1873 were 105,876 barrels, 34,229 casks and tierces, 4,192 boxes, 3,164 packages and 342,565 pieces. The statistics for /^aooo>ooo ; number of hands employed, 450, of whom 200 are in the 3 manufactories. 89,605 cases of boots and shoes were received during the year. The shipments were included under the item of merchandise. The retail trade is also quite extensive. The annual sales being about $1,800,000, the capital employed about $500,000, and the number of hands about 750 Clothing. — The annual sales of the wholesale trade are variously- estimated from $5,000,000 to $7,000,000, on a capital of about $2,500,000. Drugs. — The annual sales in the wholesale trade of the city are about $4,500,000 on a capital of about $1,500,000. There are about 150 retail drug stores in the city whose annual sales are about $1,500,000. Hats and Caps. — The annual sales of the wholesale trade amount to about $3,000,000. The capital employed is about $1,000,000, and the number of hands, about 150. China, Glass and Queensware. — The wholesale trade has a capital invested of about $900,000, employing 250 hands ; and the annual sales- are about $1,500,000. There are 4 glass factories, whose annual product is valued at about $300,000. Jewelry. — The annual sales of the wholesale and retail trade of the city are from $2,500,000 to $3,000,000 on a capital of about $1,500,000. LUCAS market. Samuel M. Dodd. Jambb G. Brown. DODD, BROWN & COMPANY'S BUILDING, 418, 420, 422, 424 and 426 North Fifth Street, St. Louis. 572 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. St. Paul. — See Sherman, Sappington, a p. o. 4}^ miles s. of Kirkwood, on the Gravois Rock Road, contains 3 stores, i M. E. Ch. South and i public school. Sherman, (St. Paul,) on the M. P. R. R. 24 miles from St. Louis, contains 2 stores, i public school, and i blacksmith and wagon shop. Sutton, on the M. P. R. R. 7^ miles from St. Louis. Taylorwick, on the M. P. R. R. 3}^ miles from St. Louis, contains I store and i M. E. Ch. South. The celebrated Shaw's Botanical Gar- den is one half mile south of this station. Webster Groves, on the M. P. R. R. 10 miles from St. Louis, has 3 stores, 2 churches — Presbyterian and Congregational, aggregate value about ^20,000, I good public school, value about ^10,000, and i soldiers' orphan asylum. Population, about 1,000. ONE OF MESSRS. CONNON & CO. S GREEN HOUSES. At this place is located the extensive and attractive grounds of Messrs. Connon & Co., florists. They have 8 large and beautiful green- houses in which they propagate and exhibit a great array of choice, new and standard varieties of flowers and plants which they ship on order to all parts of the North, South and West. They make a specialty of roses, having all the leading varieties. Their St. Louis office is at 507 North Fourth Street. W^oodlawn, on the M. P. R. R. 13 miles from St. Louis, is surrounded by fine residences. Yeatman, a. p. 0. on the M. P. R. R. 26 miles from St. Louis. SALINE COUNTY^ In the north-west-central part of the State, is bounded north by the Mis- souri River, which separates it from Carroll and Chariton, east by Chariton and Howard, from which it i& separated by the Missouri River and Cooper County, south by Cooper and Pettis, west by Lafayette and Carroll, separated from the latter by the Missouri River, and contains 458,095 acres. Population in 1830, 2,873; i^^ 1840, 5,258; in 1850, 8,843; in i860, 14,699; in 1870, 21,672, of whom 17,918 were white, and 3,754 colored; 11,307 male, and 10,365 female; 20,677 native (12,712 born in Missouri), and 995 foreign. History. — As early as 1725, the Missouri Indians had a town on the bank of the river, in this county, opposite Fort Orleans, but it had been abandoned and the fort destroyed at the time of Lewis and Clarke's expe- dition to the Pacific in 1804. The first settlements were made in 1810, in the vicinity of Arrow Rock, chiefly by emigrants from Virginia, Ten- nessee and Kentucky. As seems to have been the custom of all the western pioneers, these first settlers located in the timber, regarding the prairie land as comparatively worthless. So large a portion of this county being prairie, it was believed that it could never be very densely populated, and the opinion was entertained that Congress ought to encour- age the growth of timber by ceding prairie lands to persons willing to plant trees. Some such bill as this was brought before Congress, but meeting with opposition, was abandoned. Saline County was organized from Cooper, Nov. 25th, 1820, and its boundaries established Jan. 12th, 1829. The first court was held at Old Jefferson, on the Missouri River, a short distance below the present site of Cambridge, David Todd was the first judge, and Chambers the first clerk ; subsequently the county seat was removed to Jonesboro, and later to Marshall. Prior to 1830, Dr. John Sappington was the only physician in the county. From 1840 to i860. Saline advanced steadily in population and wealth. A large number of slaves were brought from Virginia and Kentucky, and employed in the culture of hemp and tobacco. For the Mexican War, this county furnished one company, John W. Reid commanding, which formed a part of Col. Doniphan's regiment, and distinguished itself by storming a Mexican battery at Chihuahua. During the late Civil War, the sympathies of the great majority of the people were with the Confederate States, but the county furnished recruits for both armies. An engagement occurred at Marshall, October 1863, 582 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL between Gen. Shelby (Confederate) and Gen. Brown (Federal), the former having but 800 men, while his opponents numbered 1,600, After considerable cannonading and firing with small arms, during which there were but few casualities on either side, Gen. Shelby made a successful retreat. In the autumn of 1864, Gen. Price, with his command, passed through the central part of Saline, and camped for a few days on the Salt Fork, between Marshall and Waverly, while a portion of his men marched to Glasgow to co-operate with the Confederates in taking that place. Although greatly disturbed by the war, Saline suffered much less than many of the other counties. This county has furnished a number of distinguished citizens: Gen. John S. Marmaduke, of the Confederate service. Gov. M. M. Marmaduke and Gov. C. F. Jackson were for many years residents of Saline. Wm. B. Napton, judge of the Supreme Court, is and has long been, one of her honored citizens. Physical Features. — The Missouri River forms the entire northern boundary; its bottom lands, from i to 4 miles in width, are very heavily timbered, and back of these are the bluffs, rugged, and irregular in out- line. A portion of them, known as the Pinnacles, rise to about 150 feet, and the Devil's Backbone is exceedingly precipitous on the northern side. The view of the Petit Osage Plain, from this ridge, is very fine. This plain, usually called Petit Saw, is in the north-western part of the county, about 80 feet above the river bottom, and embraces from 12 to 15 thou- sand acres of wonderful fertility. The center of it is somewhat depressed, while the outer portion is sufficiently undulating to insure good drainage. A great portion of the remainder of the county is undulating prairie, with a deep, rich soil underlaid with a porous subsoil, which, with a proper rotation of crops, will never wear out. In the western part it has a slight admixture of sand, and is of alight brown color, while in the central and southern portions, it is a deep black loam, and on the bluffs and streams it is not so deep, but is very productive. The best growth of timber, which consists of the various oaks, also walnut, buckeye, pecan, elm, ash, etc., is found in the Missouri Bottom, and on the Black Water River and Saline Creek, but a little that is good may be found skirting all of the streams, and on some of the bluffs. So well have the settlers protected the timber, that there is more now in the county than there was 30 years ago. Black Water is the chief stream, and flows across the southern portion, receiving on the north, Davis, Finney and Salt Fork ; this last named stream flows through the entire central portion, but in dry seasons it is excessively brackish, being fed by salt springs. There are also numerous small streams in the north and east, which find their way to the Missouri, but there is little or no water power, as all of the streams of the county are sluggish. SALINE COUNTY. 583 Fresh and salt water springs abound ; of the latter, the Big Salt Spring, 6 or 7 miles west of Marshall, is the most remarkable. It is circular, about 70 feet in diameter, and discharges a sufficient amount of salt water to run a medium-sized mill. At an early day, salt was manufactured in a rude way in several local- ities, and also in small quantities during the Civil War, and it is believed that capital and enterprise will ultimately make these springs a source of great wealth. There are several mineral springs remarkable for their medicinal prop- erties, chief of which are Sweet Spring, near Brownsville, McAllister, on Black Water, and Sulphur Spring on Cow Creek. Agricultural Productions. — Hemp was formerly the great staple, but it has given place to corn and wheat. The soil is well adapted to barley, oats and rye, also to fruits, especially to the smaller varieties, and to apples, which grow in great perfection. Hungarian grass and millet are extensively grown, as are also blue grass, clover and timothy. Stock- raising is an important industry, and large numbers of cattle are brought here from Texas and Colorado, and fed through the winter. Numbers of mules and hogs are shipped annually. Tobacco is cultivated to some extent in the north-eastern part, the bluff lands being peculiarly adapted to it. Mineral Resources. — Bituminous coal is found in nearly every portion of the county, and there are some fine deposits of cannel coal near Arrow Rock. In this same vicinity, lead and iron are now success- fully mined, and there are indications of zinc and copper. The lime- stone found at Miami is susceptible of a fine polish, and sandstone of good quality exists in numerous places. The Manufacturing Interests are exceedingly limited, and con- sist of I woolen-mill, i shingle factory and planing-mill, and a few shops and grist-mills. ^Vealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^13,000,000.* Railroads. — The Lexington Branch of the Missouri Pacific R. R. has 1^2. miles in the south-western corner of the county. Some grading has been done on the line of the Keokuk & Kansas City R. R. in this county, and it is thought that it will be completed in 1874. The Exports are live stock, wheat, corn, fruits, etc. Educational Interests. — Public schools are established in every part of the county, and there are also excellent private schools. Of the 8,450 children of school age, about 6,000 have attended school during the past year (1873). Value of school property about $75,000. Arrow Rock, the earliest settled town in the county, situated on the Missouri River, 15^ miles e. s. e. of Marshall, is surrounded by a fertile ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $7,601,405. Taxation, %i per $100. Bonded debt, ^19,000. Bonded debt of Marshall Township, ^40,000; of Salt Pond and Libeity, $35,000. 584 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MLSSOURL and well cultivated- country for which it is the shipping point. It has 4 churches — M. E. Ch. South, Cumberland Presbyterian, Presbyterian, and I African, 2 schools, i bank, 2 mills and about 23 stores. Population, about 900. There is a good steam ferry at this point. Brownsville, (Sweet Springs,) on the Lexington Branch of the M. P. R. R., 22^ miles n. w. of Sedalia and 20 miles s. w. of Marshall, is an important shipping point. It contains 2 banks, 40 stores, 2 mills, 3 churches — Presbyterian, M. E. Ch. South and Reformed, good schools and a population of about 1,000, Sweet Springs, remarkable for their medicinal virtues, are situated about i mile s. e. of this place. Cambridge, situated on the Missouri River, 22 miles n. e. of Mar- shall, and 12 miles from Dalton, Chariton County, (on the St. L. K. C & N. R. W.,) was settled in 1846 and incorporated in 1857. This town has fine timber, excellent quarries of sandstone and limestone, and good coal in its immediate vicinity, and is surrounded by a wealthy agricultural community. It contains 2 churches — M. E. Ch. South and Union Ch., 3 schools, 2 mills, i tobacco and i wagon and plow factory, 8 stores, 6 warehouses, and a population of about 500. There were 500 hhds. of tobacco, 300 bales of hemp, 150,000 bushels of wheat and a large number of hogs and cattle shipped from this point in 1873. The K. & K. C> R. R. will cross the Missouri River at this point, and will give this town increased shipping facilities. Centerville, 6 miles n. e. of Marshall, has i store. Elm Wood, 14 miles s. w. of Marshall, and about 10 miles n. of Brownsville, is surrounded by a fertile country, and has 4 stores and seve- ral shops. Population, about 100. Fairville, 10 miles n. w. of Marshall, has i school-house, 2 stores and 3 shops. Herndon, a post-office 10 miles s. w. of Marshall. Jonesboro, on Salt Fork, 9 miles s. e. of Marshall, has i store and i church — Baptist. Laynesville, on the Missouri River, 13 miles n. w. of Marshall, and 4 miles s. of Wakanda, Carroll County, (on the St. L. K. C. &N. R.W.,) was settled in 1870, and is the shipping point for the Petit Osage Plains, It has 2 churches — M. E. Ch. and M. E. Ch. South, i school, i flouring and I saw-mill, 5 stores, several shops, and warehouse capacity for 90,000 bushels of grain. Population, about 250. Malta Bend, situated on the Petit Osage Plains, 12 miles w. of Mar- shall, and 8 miles s. of Wakanda, Carroll County, was named for the steamer Malta which was sunk in the bend of the Missouri River about 3 miles from the site of the village. It was laid off in 1865 and has i M. E. Church, i public school, i nursery and a population of about 250. MARSHALL, the county seat, 20 miles n. e. of Brownsville, was settled in 1840, named in honor of Chief- Justice Marshall, and incor- SALINE COUNTY. 585 porated in 1870. It is pleasantly situated and regularly laid out about a handsome public square which surrounds a substantial court-house worth about ;^4o,ooo. It has 3 banks, 2 mills, about 45 stores, 5 schools and 9 churches — Catholic, O. S, Presbyterian, M. E. Church, M. E. Church South, Cumberland Presbyterian, Baptist, Reformed and 2 churches for colored people (total value of church property ^50,000). The Saline Central Agricultural Association holds its annual exhibition about i mile from the town, where it has handsomely improved grounds. The Saline County Stock Exchange also holds monthly sales of live stock at Marshall. On the completion of the Keokuk & Kansas City R. R. this town will have direct communication with all the great markets of the country, and its trade will, doubtless, be greatly increased. Pop- ulation, about 1,400. Miami, on the Missouri River 17 miles n. w. of Marshall and i^ miles s. e. of Miami Station, Carroll County, (on the the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W.) was settled in 1840 and incorporated in 1850. It is built on a rugged bluff but has an excellent landing, and ships more grain and stock than any other town in the county. It has 3 churches — Baptist, M. E. Ch. South and Reformed, i public school, 3 mills, 28 stores, i nursery, 3 large brick ware-houses and a population of about 800. The Saline County Agricultural and Mechanical Association holds its annual meet- ings near the town. There is a steam ferry across the Missouri River at this point. New Frankford, on the Missouri River 22 miles n. e. of Marshall and 6 miles s. of Dalton, Chariton County, (on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W.) was settled by a colony of Germans in 1838, incorporated in 1862 and re-incorporated in 1872. This town has an area of 800 acres, and is divided into lots 60 by 100 feet. It has 3 churches — Catholic, Methodist and Presbyterian, 2 private schools, 2 mills, 8 stores and several shops. Excellent coal is found in this vicinity. Population about 500. Petra, a post-office 10 miles n. n. e. of Marshall. Ridge Prairie, a post-office 15 miles s. e. of Marshall. Saline City, on the Missouri River 18 miles e. of Marshall, has 2 stores, I mill and several shops. This is the contemplated crossing of the Louisiana & Missouri River R. R. South Grove, a post-office 11 miles s. w. of Marshall, Sweet Springs. — See Brownsville. SCHUYLER COUNTY, In the northern part of the State, is bounded north by Iowa, east by Scotland County, south by Adair, and west by the Chariton River, which separates it from Putnam County, and contains 195,655 acres. Population in 1850, 3,287; in i860, 6,697; in 1870, 8,820, of whom 8,806 were white, and 14 colored; 4,499 male, and 4,321 female; 8,500 native (4,048 born in Missouri) and 320 foreign. History, — This county was settled in 1836 by David Floyd, Judge Samuel Eason, Jefferson Fulcher, John Davis and Joseph Bradburn, and organized Feb. 14th, 1845, since which time it has grown steadily, except during the Civil War, when, like so many other counties in the State, it was injured to some extent by the contending forces. Two or three skirmishes occurred, some of its citizens were murdered, and a few churches, barns and houses burned. The restoration of peace brought a return of prosperity. Physical Features. — The "Grand Divide" cuts the county north and south, near its western side. The land lying between the "Divide" and the Chariton River, 3 to 5 miles in width, is rather broken and covered with a dense growth of white, burr, pin, Spanish, black and post oak, hickory, elm, hackberry, linn, walnut, black-ash and birch. The Chariton River runs through a rich alluvial bottom, much of it stretching away into level or gently undulating prairie, peculiarly suited to the grasses; blue grass spontaneously taking the place of prairie grass. The county is watered on the west by Chariton, flowing south with its tribu- taries of Lick, Elm, Lost and some smaller creeks, which flow in a south- westerly direction ; in the south-center are the head-waters of Salt River ; and in the east and south-east, North Fabius, Bridge Creek, Fabius and South Fork of Middle Fabius. These streams are bordered with rich bottom lands timbered with burr oak, linn, hickory and walnut, with occasionally small prairies. The "divides" between these streams are mainly level or rolling prairie, and are peculiarly suited for grasses, oats, rye, corn and spring wheat; winter wheat doing better on the rolling tim- ber land. The proportion of timber and prairie is about equal — the former slightly predominating, as it is constantly encroaching on the latter. Agricultural Productions. — Grass, corn, wheat and oats are the main crops, timothy, clover and blue grass succeeding admirably. Pota- toes are cultivated quite largely. At least ^ of the land is arable, and probably one-fifth in actual cultivation. The Mineral Resources are, so far as known, bituminous coal. 588 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL potters' clay, quarries of lime and sand rock, and some faint traces of lead. The coal measures underlie the entire county, and there are in the western part 5 seams, varying from i to 4j^ feet in thickness, cropping out on the bluffs of the Chariton River, These coal veins have been known ever since the first settlement of the county, and in two or three places were slightly worked 20 years ago — only sufficiently, however, to supply the demands of their immediate neighborhoods, until the building of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., and later the M., I. & N. R. R. created a larger demand, and afforded means of exportation for some of the surplus. It is not yet shipped in any considerable quantities. Capital to operate the mines is much needed, and would prove a good investment. Potters' clay, of seemingly good quality, is found in the same region. The Manufacturing Interests are confined to 2 merchant flouring- mills, I woolen factory, i foundry and machine shop, i manufactory of spokes, hubs, plows, wagons and shaped timber, besides numerous saw and grist-mills. Wealth. — Valuation of the county, per census of 1870, ^8,550,000.* Railroads. — The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W. has 2c miles, and the Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska R. R. 23 miles of track in the county. The railroad debt, included in the above statement, is about $175,000. The Exports are horses, cattle, hogs, sheep, wheat, rye, potatoes, hay, hoops, hoop-poles, staves, lumber and coal. Educational. — There are about 55 public school-houses in the county, generally good frame buildings, and well attended. Also i graded school, employing 4 teachers, with an attendance of about 100 scholars, and a good select school at Glenwood. Cherry Grove, (Downing), on the M. I. & N. R, R., 10 miles east of Lancaster, named after Henry Downing, who originally owned the ground, contains 3 stores, and i plow factory. Population, about 80. Clifton, 6 miles s. e. of Lancaster, has 2 mills, 2 cooper, and 2 car- penter shops. Coats ville, on the S. L. K. C. & N. R. W., 4 miles n. of Griffin, on the Iowa Line, 10 miles n. w. of Lancaster, contains i church — Metho- dist Episcopal — I school-house, 9 stores, and i saddler's shop. Popula- tion about 175. Downing (See Cherry Grove.) Glenwood, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 2 miles w. of Lancas- ter, is a thriving town of about 500 inhabitants. It has i woolen fac- tory, I flouring-mill, i foundry and machine shop, 15 stores, 2 churches — Congregational and Methodist — i school-house, i newspaper — The Criterion — Cutler & Wilcox, editors and publishers. The town was ♦Assessed valuation for 1873, ^'.726,704. Bonded debt, $188 o»o. Floating debt, |i5,ooo. SCHUYLER COUNTY. 589 located in 1869, and incorporated in 1870; it presents a flourishing ap- pearance, and is surrounded by a good farming country. Greentop, on the S. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 16 miles south of Grififin, founded in 1855 and incorporated in i860, has a population of 200, and ■contains i school-house, 8 stores, i hotel, i furniture and i wagon, shop. Griffin, at the junction of the S. L., K. C. & N. R. W., with the M., I. & N. R. R., 230 miles from St. Louis and 5 miles w. of Lancas- ter, was named in honor of A. L. Griffin, Asst. Gen. Supt. of the M. I. & N. R. R, It has i store and i school-house. LANCASTER, the county seat, on the M. I. & N. R. R., 61 miles W. of Alexandria, was located in 1845 ^7 James Lusk, the first represent- ative from the county, and was incorporated in 1856. The court-house, costing $1^,000, was built in 1858. In 1872 the town rallied from the effects of the late war, since which time the population and business have rapidly increased. The town contains, besides the county buildings, i mill, 2 hotels, 18 stores, i weekly newspaper — The Excelsior, published by Dysart & Miller; 2 churches — Christian and Methodist Episcopal; and the Lancaster Academy, costing ^5,000. There are 3 stores, i lum- ber yard, 2 carpenter, i cabinet, i saddler, i harness, and 2 wagon shops. Population about 700. The Schuyler County Agricultural and Stock Companies* fair grounds of 53 acres, well improved, are located here. Good water can be found at depths from 8 to 40 feet, coal is convenient, and the town is surrounded by a good farming country. Queen City, on the S. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 12 miles s. of Griffin and 8 miles s. of Lancaster, located in 1868, and incorporated in 1870, contains about 200 -inhabitants, 9 stores, i church — M. E. ; i [school- house, I mill, and i hotel. It is a handsome town, situated in a fine farming country, with which it has an excellent trade. Toennia, a post-office 6^ miles s. e. of Queen City. SCOTLAND COUNTY, In the north-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by the State of Iowa, east by Clark County, south by Knox, and west by Adair and Schuyler Counties, and contains 278,748 acres. Population in 1850, 3,782; in 1860,8,873; in 1870, 10,670, of whom 10,541 were white, and 129 colored; 5,487 male, and 5,183 female; 10,381 native (5,196 born in Missouri), and 289 foreign. History. — The adventurous spirit of one, David Cooper, led him to settle in this county in the spring of 1833, while it was yet the hunting ground of the Fox and Sioux Indians, who were shortly after removed westward, leaving the new settlers in peaceable possession. Cooper made his home at a place near the southern confines of the county, now known as Sand Hill. He was soon followed by others, and "Cooper's Settle- ment ' ' became quite an important point to the settlers in the valleys of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. The first event that occurred to disturb the quiet of the new community, was in 1839, which grew out of the dispute between Iowa and Missouri, in reference to the State Line. The citizens along the border of each State organized them- selves into armed forces to resist the supposed invasion of their respective rights, and for a time a bloody conflict seemed inevitable ; but happily wisdom prevailed, the dispute was peaceably settled, and the contestants retired to their homes. The population having become sufficiently increased by immigration, the county was organized from part of Lewis, Jan. 29th, 1841, with the provision that "the circuit and county courts of said county shall be holden at the dwelling of Abraham B. Cummings, until the permanent seat of justice is established, or the county court shall otherwise decree." The first term of the court convened July 26th, 1841, Hon. P. H. McBride presiding, and Major James L. Jones sheriff. In September 1843, Obadiah Dickenson, John Lear and Matthew Given were appointed commissioners to select the county seat, and they decided upon the spot where Memphis now stands, giving the new town its present name. Emigrants came from the north, south and east, in large numbers, each one bringing his portion to swell the sum total of wealth, and his sec- tional prejudices to help form political opinions; consequently, in i860, the population were about equally divided concerning the great questions of that day. The engagement of Pierce's Mill was fought in the county, July i8th 1862, at the crossing of the Fabius River, on the Memphis & Kirksville 592 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL road, between 500 Federal troops under Major Clupper, and 200 Con- federates under Col. Joseph Porter, which resulted in the repulse of the former, with the heavy loss of 20 killed and 69 wounded. The Confed- erate loss was very small, they being in ambush and surprising their antagonists. This battle, in which so many lives were lost, produced much sorrow and excitement, but not the indignation and bitterness which the assassination of Hon. Thos. S. Richardson aroused. Mr. Rich- ardson, then judge of the 4th judicial circuit, fearlessly expressed himself as in sympathy with the Confederates. He was arrested and wickedly assassinated, probably by some coward too timorous to . openly fight on either side. Physical Features. — The surface of the county is undulating, and is about two-thirds prairie and one-third timber and bottom, all of it being susceptible of high cultivation. The substratum of the soil is a brown clay, technically known as the "bluff formation," while the upper stratum is a rich sandy loam. The county is well drained by Little Fox, North and South Wyaconda, Bear, Baker, Foreman, North Fabius, Indian, Tobin and Middle Fabius Creeks, and South Fork of Middle Fabius. These streams all flow from the north-west in a south-easterly direction toward the Mississippi River. Timber is still abundant for fencing and building purposes, not over one-tenth of the woodlands having been cleared. The young growth, added to the old, will probably be sufficient for a long time to come, for railroad ties, fencing, building, timber and fuel. The principal kinds are oak, hickory, walnut, elm, etc. The Agricultural Productions of this county are corn, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, hay, flax, broom-corn, sorghum, sweet-potatoes, buck- wheat and navy beans. Blue grass is cultivated and used for pasture with excellent success. Sheep-raising is very remunerative and largely engaged in by the people. Mineral Resources. — In the southern part is a considerable bed of limestone from which lime of good quality is made. Indications of coal also exist, although no mines have been opened. The Manufacturing Interests are not largely developed, although there are two first-class flouring-mills and several saw and corn-mills. Excellent cheese is made at a factory 2 miles north of Memphis ; also at another 10 miles south of the same place. Besides these, there are 2 woolen factories and 2 plow and 4 wagon manufactories. "Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $8,250,000.* Railroads. — There are 21 miles of the Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska Railroad completed in this county, besides 50 miles of surveyed routes for other roads, on which a good deal of the grading has been done. The Exports are corn, wheat, tobacco, potatoes and stock. ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, ;j2,45o,388. Taxation, $2.25 per $\qs>. Bonded debt, ^241,000; float» ing debt, $29,000. SCOTLAND COUNTY. 593 Educational Interests.— There are 84 public school buildings, making one to every five square miles. The whole number of teach- ers employed in the year 1872 was 84; number of scholars, 3,909. Arbela, 8 miles e. of Memphis on the M. I. & N. R. R., contains 4 stores, a hotel, a harness shop, a steam-mill, school-house and church. Bible Grove, a post-office 13 miles s. w. of Memphis. Etna, 4 miles s. of Arbela, contains 3 stores, i steam saw and grist- mill, I school-house, i hotel and 2 churches, — i belonging to the German Lutherans. Greasy. — See Middle Fabius. Hitt, a post-office 10 miles n. w. of Memphis. Jordan, a post-office 15 miles n. e. of Memphis. MEMPHIS, the county seat, is situated on the North Fabius, near the center of the county, and on the M. I. & N. R. R. It was first settled in 1838, and incorporated as a town June 7th, 1870. At that time it had a population of 1,007; the estimated increase since then exceeds 500. Memphis is an important trading point for that part of the country. It supports 2 steam grist-mills, i steam saw-mill, i steam wool- carding-mill, 2 wagon and plow manufactories, 2 banks, 2 saddle and harness shops, 3 livery and sale stables, 19 stores, i barrel factory, 2 hotels, I public school, and the Scotland County High School — a private " institution, 8 churches— 2 Presbyterian, 2 Methodist, i Baptist, i Chris- tian, I Congregational and i Catholic, and 3 newspapers — The Reveille, C. Jameson, publisher; Conservative, Jno.Gharky, publisher; Scotland County News, S. A. Dysart, publisher. Middle Fabius, (Greasy,) a post-office 9 miles w. of Memphis. Pleasant Retreat, a post-office 8 miles s. of Memphis. Prospect Grove, a post-office 10 miles e. n. e. of Memphis. Ritter, a post-office 5 miles n. e. of Memphis. Sand Hill, 14 miles s. s. e. of Memphis, is the oldest place in the :ounty. It contains 2 stores, a school-house and hotel. Wyaconda, a post-office 9 miles n. n. e. of Memphis. SCOTT COUNTY, In the south-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Cape Girardeau County, east by the Mississippi River which separates it from the State of Illinois, south by Mississippi and New Madrid, and west by Stoddard and Cape Girardeau Counties, and contains 262,058 acres. Population in 1830, 2,136; in 1840, 5,974; in 1850^ 3,182 ; in i860, 5,247; in 1870, 7,317, of whom 6,991 were white and 326 colored; 3,886 male and 3,431 female; 6,622 native (3,957 born in Missouri) and 695 foreign. History. — The first settlements were made, near the close of the last century, along the Mississippi River and on the King's Road which lay between New Madrid and Cape Girardeau, passing through the center of the county from north to south. The county was organized from a part of New Madrid, Dec. 28th, 1821, and named in honor of Hon. John Scott, the first Congressman from Missouri. It then, and until 1845, i"" included the present county of Mississippi. Gov. Alex. McNair appointed Richard Wastun, Andrew M. Ramsey and Thomas Houts county justices ; John P. Rutter, clerk of the circuit court; Jos. A. Hopkins, sheriff; and the county court appointed John P. Rutter clerk. The court sessions were held in a little old log house in Benton. The early settlers endured the usual privations of frontier life, subsisting on "hog and hominy," wild game and corn bread, their meal being ground in the old-fashioned horse-mill. In 1830 Dr. Thomas Byrne erected a steam corn-mill, near the north-east corner of the county, and the people within a radius of 20 or 30 miles, hauled their corn in ox-wagons to this mill to be ground. Exportation of corn, hogs, cattle, etc., was carried on by means of flat- boats, floated down the river to New Orleans. The first shipment of corn in sacks by steamboat was made in 1833. In August, 1 86 1, Gen, Jeff. Thompson, of the Missouri State Guard (Confederate,) entered the county from the west, and was joined by Gen. Pillow, moving north from New Madrid. The forces fell back on New Madrid in the autumn of the same year, and during the winter of 186 1-2, Gen. Pope landed with about 40,000 men, and marched across the country to New Madrid to flank the Confederate fortifications at Columbus, Ky., and Island No. 10. Physical Features. — The northern part of the county is hilly; the south and west are level and divided into rich bottom lands and sandy plains. The principal streams are the East Fork of White Water, which forms part of the western boundary and its affluents, Caney Creek in the 596 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL north-west being the largest. Bayou St. John is in the south-central part of the county. The Mississippi Bottoms extend from 3 to 5 miles back from the river, and are nearly all dry enough for cultivation. The White Water Bottoms are from 4 to 6 miles in width, about one-half arable land, the remainder being too wet for present cultivation, but susceptible of drainage. There is also a margin of bottom land nearly surrounding the uplands which are generally fertile, except a narrow strip, along the bluffs, on the north and west, too steep for ordinary cultivation. The sandy plains which are be- tween the Mississippi and White Water Bottoms are in some places very fertile, in others quite poor, and, like the White Water Bottoms, are in alternate sections of dry land and marsh or slough. There are several lakes and many cypress swamps in all the lowland parts of the county. The marshes are among the best lands, and wifh proper drainage would be very productive. Many tracts heretofore considered worthless, now produce grass without drainage. The county is generally well-timbered, on the hills with white and black oak, poplar, sweet gum, etc. ; the bottoms with black walnut, white, red, black and burr oak, sweet gum, box-elder and ash, and the sandy plains with white, red, black and pin oak, sweet and black gum, hickory, elm and cypress, the latter almost exclusively in the marshes. The Agricultural Productions on the uplands are wheat, corn, rye, barley, oats, apples, pears, peaches and grapes. The bottoms pro- duce wheat and corn, also timothy and clover to a limited extent. The sandy plains are adapted to corn, tobacco, cotton, small fruits, peaches and melons. Hon. Thomas Allen owns about 62,000 acres of land in the county which he offers for sale on favorable terms. The St. L., I. M. & S. R. W. also have about 14,000 acres of land, and offer the same on liberal terms.* Mineral Resources — On the east, north and west of the uplands, limestone and sandstone are found in large quantities. On the north- east near Gray's Point is a fine quarry and lime-kiln. On the east and west sides of the upland bluffs, a large deposit of mineral paint is found, and one of these ochre banks near Sylvania is worked by W. S. Bassett, Esq. Iron and lead are thought to exist in the hills, and large quantities of bog iron are found in the swamps. The Manufacturing Interests consist mainly of a steam flouring- mill with cooper shop attached, at Commerce ; a steam stave-mill, cut- ting staves for exportation, 4 miles south of Commerce; a pottery 2 miles north of Commerce; a lime-kiln at Gray's Point ; a distillery at New Ham- burg ; a steam stave-mill with paint and ochre grinding machine attached at Sylvania, and 9 steam saw-mills in different localities. ♦For full particulars, terms, prices, etc., see Appendix- SCOTT COUNTY. 597 Wealth. — ^Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^7, 650,000.* Railroads. — The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern R. R. has 22 miles of track passing through the center of the county from north-west to south-east. The Cairo & Poplar Bluff Division of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern R. W. passing through the northern part, has 9 miles of track. The Exports are principally wheat, barley, rye, oats, corn, cotton, staves, lumber, ochre, round and hewn timber, hogs and cattle. The Educational Interests are in good condition and still im- proving. At the close of the Civil War there were few schools worthy of the name. Since then, under the energetic administrations of Hon. Smith O. Schofield, the late, and John M. Leftwich, the present county super- intendent, schools have been rapidly built up. There is a flourishing high school at Hamburg under the management of the Rev. Father Scherer, of the Catholic Church. Benton, 5 miles n. e. of Morley, formerly the county seat, is in the midst of a fine wheat-growing country, and has one of the best school- houses in the county, also i M. E. Church South, i store, i tannery, i carding machine and i carpenter shop. Population, about 150. Blodgett, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 5 miles s. e. of Morley, laid out in 1868, is a thriving town in a fine agricultural district. It contains 2 stores, I cotton gin, i grist-mill and i saw-mill, and ships large quanti- ties of lumber, timber and corn. Population, about 100. Caney Creek, a station on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 8 miles n. w. of Morley, is located near the center of a heavily timbered district. The lumber produced by 2 saw-mills in the vicinity is shipped from this point. COMMERCE, the county seat, 13 miles n. e. of Morley, is on the Mississippi River 15 miles below Cape Girardeau. The place was laid out in 1822, incorporated Jan. 15th, 1857, and made the county seat in 1864. The town was of slow growth at first, but within the last 6 years the population has trebled, and now numbers 600 in the to\yn proper, besides a considerable suburban population. It contains 8 stores, 4 shops, 4 hotels, 2 stave manufactories, i pottery, i steam grist-mill, 2 churches — M. E. Ch. South and i Baptist, and i newspaper — The Dispatch, published by Allen & Arnold. A public school-house was built in 1872, but was burned the April following, and the school is kept in a building rented for the purpose. Diehlstadt, on the St. L., L M. & S. R. W., 11 miles s. e. of Morley, near the s. e. boundary of the county, was laid out in 1868, and contains I store, I church — Baptist, i school-house, i steam cotton gin, i grist- mill, and about 100 inhabitants. Near this town is a cypress grove from which fine timber is obtained in abundance. A steam saw-mill is now being erected at the edge of this grove. ♦ Assessed valuation for 1873, ^1,841,988. Taxation, ^.10 per $100. The county is out of debt. 598 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL Haxnburg, (St. Lawrence,) 6 miles n, of Morley, is a German town containing about loo inhabitants. It has i hotel, 3 mills, 5 stores, 3 shops and i church — Catholic. This is built of stone, and said to be one of the finest in south-eastern Missouri. The Catholics also have a fine school-house with high and primary schools, and about 250 pupils. Morley, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 13 miles s. w. of Commerce was laid out in 1868, incorporated in 1869 and is now the most important town in the county. It is located near the center of the county on level ground, at the foot of a range of hills, and is the shipping point for an extensive agricultural district. The fine timber and ochre in the vicinity invite manufacturers and capitalists. It has i public school, 2 churches — Baptist and M. E. Ch. South, 2 hotels, i livery stable, i cotton gin, mill, 10 stores and several shops, and i newspaper — The Advance, pub- lished by D. L. Hoffman. Population, about 500. Price's Landing, on the Mississippi River 10 miles below Commerce, is a shipping point and has a store and a warehouse. Sand Siding, a station on the St. L., I. M. & S. R.W., 20 miles from Cairo and 5 1 miles from Poplar Bluff. Sikeston, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 25 miles from Cairo, 46 miles from Poplar Bluff and 14 miles from Morley, was laid out in i860 on the edge of Big Prairie, in a fine farming district, and is the shipping point for much of the produce of New Madrid County as well as its own vicinity. It contains 6 stores and about 250 inhabitants. St. Cloud, (Sylvania,) on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 4 miles n. w. of Morley, in a fine agricultural region, was laid out in 1868, and contains i steam stave-cutting and ochre-grinding mill, a fine public school and 2 stores. Population, about 200. St. Lawrence. — See Hamburg. Sylvania.— See St. Cloud. SHANNON COUNTY, In the southern part of the State, is bounded north by Dent and Rey- nolds, east by Reynolds and Carter, south by Carter and Oregon, and west by Howell and Texas Counties, and contains about 670,000 acres. Population in 1850, 1,199; i" i860, 2,284; in 1870, 2,339; o^ -whom 2,336 were white, and 3 colored; 1,152 male, and 1,187 female; -2,333 native (1,485 born in Missouri) and 6 foreign. History. — Probably the first settlers were attracted to this county by its great mineral wealth, but although it was explored as early as 1 819 and discoveries in copper and iron made, still its mines have been but little developed. This county was organized Jan. 29th, 1841, and named for Hon. Geo. Shannon. Most of the land was entered in 1858-59, at 12^ cents an acre ; previous to which time but few entries were made except of the copper lands. Seven townships were reserved by the Government as " copper lands," and part of these are now subject to entry, at $1.25 per acre. During the late Civil War Shannon was over-run by roving bands of guerrillas and many inoffensive citizens were murdered. The county seat was entirely destroyed, and at the close of the war was re-established at the present site of Eminence. Physical Features. — The northern and central portions of the county are generally broken and hilly, and heavily timbered with oak, pine and cedar. The southern portion is high prairie land, interspersed with timber, and is not so well watered as the remainder of the county, although some fine springs are found and good water may be obtained by digging from 30 to 50 feet. Current river enters the north-western corner 'and ilows south-eastwardly across the county. Its chief tributaries on the north are Sinking, Big and Blair Creeks ; on the south. Jack's Fork of Current, which with its tributaries, Delaware, Little Shawnee, Big Shawnee and Story's Creeks water the central portion, while Davis' Creek and its .several small tributaries water the south-central part. The bottoms along these streams are narrow but exceedingly fertile. Good water power is furnished by most of these streams and by some of the springs. Chief among the latter is the one north of Pine Hill which is 80 feet in width, unfathomed as yet, and 20 feet above Spring Valley, -which is within 50 feet of the water. A good mill is in operation here. Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, rye, oats, potatoes, turnips and tobacco. Some portions of the uplands are considered unpro- 6oo CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. ductive, but no lands in the State exceed in richness the bottoms on the streams, and the hill-sides are admirably adapted to the culture of the grape ; apples and peaches wherever planted produce abundant crops. Mineral Resources. — The county is rich in minerals; containing large deposits of hematite and specular iron ores, lead ore, and beds of copper of a superior quality. The old copper mines north-east of Emi- nence are now being worked witji good results. It is reported that silver has been discovered in this county in horn blende and quartz rock, associated with magnetic iron ores, but it is as yet undeveloped. Manufacturing Interests are only such as are found in a newly settled country — 2 flouring and 3 saw mills, and the necessary number of blacksmith shops. On Rocky Creek, near an almost perpendicular water- fall of 50 feet, is a flouring mill owned and run by Mr. Nicholls, a soldier of the war of 181 2, now palsied and a pensioner of the Government. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $1,850,000.* Exports. — Wheat, rye, oats, and stock. Educational Interests. — A few good school houses have been erected, and the Public School system is receiving increased attention. Three months is the average school session. Birch Tree, a post-office 18 miles s. w, of Eminence. Current River, a post-office 26 miles n. w. of Eminence. EMINENCE, the county seat, 40 miles s. of Salem, is situated a little north of the centre of the county, on Jack's Fork of Current River, and is a thriving town. Pine Hill, a post-office 10 miles n. w. of Eminence. Russell's Hill, a post-office 12 miles e. of Eminence. Sinking, a post-office 15 miles n. of Eminence, is situated on a creek of the same name, which at this point has been singularly bridged by nature. This bridge is a rocky hill, about ^ of a mile in length, the arch being sufficiently high to admit the passage of large trees down, the stream. ♦Assessed valuation for 1873,^59,217. Taxation, ^0.80 per ^100. Bonded debt, $y,ooo. Floating debt, ^500. SHELBY COUNTY, In the north-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Knox and Lewis Counties, east by Marion, south by Monroe and west by Macon, and contains 322,560 acres. Population in 1840, 3,056; in 1850, 4,253; in i860, 7,301 ; in 1870, 10,119, of whom 9,545 were white and 574 colored; 5,273 male and 4,846 female; 9,580 native (5,546 born in Missouri) and 539 foreign. History. — In 1830, Major O. Dickerson settled on Salt River, near the Mammoth Bridge on the Shelbina and Shelbyville road. In 1833, there were thirty-four families in the county ; those of W. J. Holli- day, James Anderson, Nicholas Watkins, James Blackford, Russell W. Moss, still living, and Henry Saunders, C. A. Saunders, Samuel Buck- ner, George Eaton, Thomas Holman, Levi Dyer, W. B. Broughton, Anthony Blackford, Isaac Blackford, Hill Shaw, Henry Musgrove, Sr., Henry B. Musgrove, Julius C. Gastnee, John Eaton, John Thomas, A. McD. Holliday, Geo. Parker, A. Vandiver, R. Duncan, Duncan, Thos. Clemmons, T. J. Bounds, Samuel Bell, Elijah Pepper, James Swartz, George Anderson, Major O. Dickerson, Peter Raff and King Eaton, who have passed away, but many of their descendants are honored citizens of the county. At this date Palmyra was the nearest post-office and trading point, but in 1834 W. B. Broughton opened a store at his house at Oak Dale, and a post-office was shortly estab- lished there. At this same place the first county court was held soon after the organization of the county, which took place January 2d, 1835. The Governor appointed James Foley, Thos. Clemmons and Dr. E. A. Wood county justices, T. J. Bounds, clerk, and Robert Duncan, sheriff. This first court appointed W. B. Broughton, treasurer, and R. W. Moss, assessor. Joseph Hardy of Ralls, A. Lay of Lewis, and Elias Kincheloe of Marion, were selected commissioners to locate the county seat. The present site of Shelbyville was chosen, and the first sale of lots, which brought from $^ to ;gi2o each, took place March 31st, 1836. The first election was held the first Monday in August 1836, and T. J. Bounds was elected clerk of the county and circuit courts; W. J. Holliday, representative; Robert Duncan, sheriff; and Thos. Holman, assessor. Court was held August 3d, at the house of A, Vandiver, Shelbyville. A court-house was built in 1838, by Charles H. Smith and Wade Barton, and it is still in good condition. Court was held in it for the first time December 17th, 1838, P. H, McBride judge. The character of these early settlers was like that of pioneers gener- ally. They were hardy, honest and hospitable ; ready for fun, frolic or 6o2 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL fight. The Indians were not troublesome or numerous, and only visited the county on their fall hunts. Occasionally a false alarm would arouse the whole neighborhood, but the settlers had no serious trouble with them. In 1839 a company was raised, under Capt. Samuel S. Matson, for the Mormon War. They started for the scene of action, badly equipped, and marched through snow to Keytesville, where they found that their services were not needed. The first farms were made in the timber, the prairie being apparently unfit for cultivation. Now, the best farms are on the prairie. A county fair was instituted in 1838, and 90 bushels of corn per acre was claimed by some of the competitors. Physical Features. — The face of the county is slightly undulating, somewhat broken in the timber, which occupies about one-third of the area. There is a small proportion of bottom land along the streams. The soil is of uniform quality, well adapted to cereals, but particularly to grass, blue grass growing spontaneously and abundantly. The timber is abundant, and consists chiefly of oak, but hickory, walnut, maple and other hard woods abound. The county is well watered ; in the north- east by South Fabius, Tiger Fork and North River ; in the central part by Black Creek and North Fork of Salt River ; in the south-east by Ten Mile, Crooked and Otter Creeks. These streams traverse the county from north-west to south-east. Ponds are easily formed, the clay subsoil being impervious to water. The water does not become impure, and is healthful for stock. The Agricultural Productions are hungarian grass, clover, tim- othy, corn, wheat, rye, oats, broom-corn and tobacco. This.isa superior grazing country, and stock-raising is made a specialty by many of the farmers. There are already several fine herds of blooded stock. The Mineral Resources are undeveloped. Coal crops out in the bluffs, along the streams ; potters' clay is found ; indications of iron exist, and limestone, of excellent quality, is abundant. An undetermined min- eral has been found on Black Creek, south of Cherry Box, which has been submitted for analysis to several chemists, who have arrived at dif- ferent conclusions with regard to it. It has been found to polish iron finely, and can also be used as a pencil for writing. Manufacturing Interests. — There are 91 manufacturing establish- ments, consisting of saw and grist-mills, wagon and plow factories, wool- carding machines, cheese factories, etc. ^A^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $8,850,000.* Railroads. — The Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. has 25 miles of track crossing the southern part of the county. No railroad debt. The Exports are corn, wheat, hay, tobacco and stock. Educational Interests. — Public schools are established in every ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, ^3,233,598. Taxation, $1.30 per $100. SHELBY COUNTY. 603 sub-district, and all of the large towns have excellent graded schools, with fine school buildings. There are also several private schools which prepare students for college. According to the census of 1870, Shelby- has the smallest number and the smallest percentage of persons unable to read and write, of any county in the State. Bethel, 5 miles n. of Shelbyville, and 13 miles from Shelbina, the nearest railroad station, was settled in 1845 ^7 Wm. Keil and others, who seceded from the Lutheran Church in Pennsylvania, in 1843. Wm. Keil, a Prussian by birth, was a man of ability, and soon col- lected about him several hundred followers. They are an upright, indus- trious class of people, and have been of great advantage to the county. Two colonies have gone off from them. Bethel contains a, population of about 200, has a good church, a saw and grist-mill, and several stores. Cherry Box, a post-office 10 miles n. w. of Shelbyville. Crooked Creek, (Lentner,) is a station on the H. & St. J. R. R., 6 miles w. of Shelbina. Clarence, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 12 miles w. of Shelbina, was located in 1857. This is an enterprising place, and is the trading point for a beautiful and fertile country. It has a Presbyterian church, a com- modious public school building, 10 stores and a flouring-mill. Popula- tion, about 500. Hager's Grove, 10 miles w. n. w. of Shelbyville, and 8 miles n. of Clarence, has i store and a saw and grist-mill. Hunnewell, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 10 miles e. of Shelbina, was located by the railroad company in 1857. It is well situated in a fertile ■district, and has a good public school, 2 churches — M. E. Ch. South and Catholic, I flouring-mill, 10 stores, and a population of about 500. This is an important shipping point. Lakenan, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 5 miles e. of Shelbina, has i store and a pottery. Population, about 40. Lentner. — See Crooked Creek. Nelsonville, 15 miles n. e. of Shelbyville, contains i store and i church. Shelbina, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 47 miles from Hannibal, 8 miles s. of Shelbyville, and 23 miles from Macon City, is the chief town. It was located by the railroad company in 1857, and now has 5 churches — Pres- byterian, M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South, Baptist and Christian; aggregate cost of buildings, $20,000; i graded public school, i school for colored children, 18 stores, i flouring-mill, i carding-machine, i broom-factory, 2 leaf tobacco warehouses, i cigar factory, i nursery and i newspaper — The Shelbina Detnocraf, Rawlings & Hoselton, publishers. This town is one of the chief shipping points on the H. & St. J. R. R., and is an im- portant wool market. Population in 1870, 1,145. SHELBYVILLE, the county seat, near the center of the county, and 8 miles n. of Shflbina, was located in 1836, and the court-house was 6o4 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL built in 1838. The town was incorporated in 1851, and again in 1866, and has a population of about 700. It contains 3 churches — Methodist Ch. South, M. E. Ch. and Baptist, i graded public school, i public school for colored children, i seminary in charge of the M. E. Ch. South, i newspaper— 77i877; ^ 1870, 8,535, of whom 8,465 were^ white, and 70 colored; 4,328 male, and 4,207 female; 8,471 native (4,457 born in Missouri,) and 64 foreign. History.— The first settlement in Stoddard County was made about the year 1823, by William Taylor, Peter Cryts and others, near Bloom- field. The Indian and the buffalo had not entirely disappeared, and the entire region abounded with game of every kind. These early settlers, by traffic with the Indians and the product of their own hunts, rapidly accumulated wealth and placed themselves and families in the prominence which they maintain to this day. Cape Girardeau, 50 miles from Bloom- field, was then, and for years after, the nearest accessible trading point. Stoddard was organized January 2d, 1835, from portions of the then immense counties of Wayne, Cape Girardeau and New Madrid, with a white population of not more than 100, and for the next 20 years the settlement of the county was very slow ; but in 1853 the " Gradua- tion Act " threw the Government Lands into market, and for several years immigration was very heavy— mostly from Tennessee, Kentucky, Southern Indiana and Illinois. In the late Civil War the county was divided in sentiment, the north- ern portion remaining loyal to the Federal Government, while the southern part espoused the Confederate cause. The result was a state of anarchy not exceeded in any of the counties of the South-east. The Confederate troops, under Generals Watkins and Thompson, held the county from April 1 861 to May 1862, and during this time excesses and barbarities were committed which were deprecated by the conservative people of both parties. Bloomfield was a strategic point of much importance, and many raids were made by the Federal troops for the purpose of capturing it. The ist Wisconsin Cavalry, under Col. Daniels, succeeded in taking it May loth, 1862, but four months later was compelled to evacuate after a sharp fight! In 1863 occurred Gen. Marmaduke's (Confederate) raid, and also the march of Gen. Davidson's (Federal) command through the county. After July 1863, the Federal troops were in possession, except during Gen. 6o6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL. Sterling Price's raid, from September 20th to October 20th, 1864. But whether under Federal or Confederate rule, there was no security for life or property, and the county was depopulated and laid waste. When peace was established, however, the former residents returned, and the building of the C. A. & T. R. R. also gave a considerable impetus to immigration and improvements of all kinds. Physical Features. — The surface of the county is very diversified. The entire central part from north to south, embracing one-third of the whole area, is elevated and gently rolling, in a few places running into broken ridges. White Water River on the eastern, and St. Francis on the western boundary, are bordered with broad bottoms. Castor River, entering at the north-western corner, breaks through the hills, and enters White Water Bottom, imiting with • that river just south of the county line. The smaller streams nearly all tend westward, and flow into the St. Francis River. The uplands meet the eastern bottom in a series of bold bluffs from 60 to 120 feet high, extending in an irregular line north and south nearly the whole length of the county. There are innumerable springs, some of them of sufficient size for small milling or manufactur- ing establishments, and many others remarkable for bursting out nearly at the tops of considerable hills. In the space of i mile from the Bloom- field court-house, there are probably 100 springs, all free from lime or other mineral impregnations. The county is heavily timbered, except a narrow strip of prairie in the southern part. The timber consists of the different varieties of oak, also hickory, ash, American poplar, elm, gum, black walnut and sassafras. In the bottoms are all these varieties, besides cypress, catalpa, maple, sycamore, etc. Some of the timber is of remarkable size, many tulip trees exceeding 6 feet in diameter, and one oak, measured by Hon. D. S. Crumb, was 25 feet in circumference 6 feet above the ground. Sassafras, a mere shrub in most localities, grows in the Castor Bottom to be 3 or 4 feet in diameter. The soil of the hills is a yellow clay loam, very light and deep, and tolerably fertile. In the bottoms, the soil consists of a sandy alluvium and vegetable mold, very deep, and of inexhaustible fertility. Most of the creek valleys are sus- ceptible of cultivation without drainage, but in the great river bottoms, much land requires to be drained. The surface is divided into "ridges" and ''slashes;" the former always dry, the sandy nature of the soil per- mitting plowing immediately after the heaviest rains; the latter generally susceptible of being drained into the main channels. The ridges are from 100 yards to half a mile wide, and sometimes miles in length, with a general direction from north to south. The finest farms in the county are situated in this territory. In the extreme south-eastern corner is a tract of 8,000 or 9,000 acres, known as the "overflow," which is covered with water every winter, and which can never be cultivated without a general system of drainage. In the north-eastern part of the county is STODDARD COUNTY. 607 a swamp known as the Big Field, comprising 2,000 acres. It is des- titute of timber, and covered with a rank growth of grass, which gives it the appearance of a prairie, but the whole tract is a treacherous quick- sand, dangerous for men or animals. Of natural curiosities, the Lost Hills are the most remarkable. There are four of these which rise abruptly from the great bottom near the Big Field, and are from 100 to 200 feet high, sloping gradually southward from half a mile to 2 miles in length, and about half a mile broad, each having a bluff of limestone at its northern end. These hills, and some points of limestone in the north-western part of the county, present the only outcrop of rock, except the ledges of iron ore in the same neighborhoods. Agricultural Productions. — Corn is the staple. Cotton, next in importance, yields moderately on the uplands, and heavy crops in the valleys. Winter wheat is raised to some extent, and produces 30 bushels to the acre with fair culture. Tobacco is of superior quality. Castor beans and peanuts have been raised in considerable quantities; potatoes yield well, and all the fruits common to this latitude produce abundantly, peaches being almost a sure crop. Grape-culture is beginning to attract some attention. Hogs are raised in large numbers, and yield a good profit. The St. L., I. M. & S. R. R. has about 21,000 acres of good land in this county, which is offered for sale on liberal terms.* Hon. Thos. Allen also owns about 127,000 acres of good land here, which can be purchased on favorable terms.* The Mineral Resources are wholly undeveloped. In the hills in the north-western part of the county, and also in the Lost Hills, iron ore is found, and hydraulic limestone of superior quality. There are indications of lead and salt, and potters' clay of good quality abounds. The Manufacturing Interests have not extended beyond wagons and farming implements, grist and saw-mills, and stave factories. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $9,550,000.! Railroads.— The Cairo & Poplar Bluff Division of the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W. passes from east to west through Deck's Gap, an opening in the great ridge occupying the center of the county, and has 28 miles of track. The Illinois, Missouri & Texas R. R. has 16 miles of road graded in the northern part of the county. The county has no railroad debt. The Exports are cotton, tobacco, wheat, peltries, peaches, hogs, stock, lumber and staves. The Educational Interests have been much neglected until within the last two or three years. A few comfortable school-houses have been built, but the greater number are mere log cabins. The salaries paid are not sufficient to command a good class of teachers. *For full particulars, terms, prices, etc., see Appendix— page fAssessed valuation in 1873,^1,555,683. Taxation, Ji. 80 per Jioo. Floating debt, ^25,000. 6o8 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Asherville, 17 miles w. of Bloomfield, has a Baptist Church and i store. BLOOMFIELD, the county seat, situated on the high lands near the center of the county, is 7 miles n. of Dexter, the nearest railroad sta- tion, to which point there is a daily stage. It was the site of an ancient Indian village, and was first settled by the whites in 1824, was incorpo- rated in 1856 and its charter was revised in 1869. It embraces a territory of a mile square, all laid off in lots and streets. The business houses are grouped about the public square, but the residences are much scattered, every elevated site being occupied. On Sept. 21st, 1864, the court-house, all the business houses and most of the residences were destroyed by fire. A few weeks later the ruined town was occupied by United States troops, who built a large fort, occupying the court-house square and considerable additional land. Since the war the town has been rebuilt in a substantial manner, a new court-house, costing ^25,000, replacing the old one. There are 2 churches — Baptist and Methodist, i public school, 9 stores and I newspaper — The South-east Reporter, published by O. C. Jones. Population, about 400. Buffington, a station and country store on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W. 12 miles e. of Dexter, is on the Castor River, which is spanned by a good bridge at this point. Castorville, on the Castor River, 11 miles n. w, of Bloomfield, has 2 stores, I flouring-mill, i church — Baptist. Population, about 80. Dexter City, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R.W. 25 miles e. of Poplar Bluff, and 46 miles w. of Cairo, is an important shipping point and a promising town. Much of the shippping from Dunklin County comes to this place. It has 5 stores, and it is the intention of the people to erect as soon as possible a church and school building. Population, about 175. Dudley, a post-office on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W. 8 miles w. of Dexter. Essex, on the St. L., I. M, & S. R. W. 5 miles e. of Dexter, has i store. Population, about 20. Gray's Ridge, a station 9 miles e. of Dexter. Lakeville, 19 miles n. e. of Bloomfield on the line of the projected I., M. & T. R. R. which has 36 miles graded from Cape Girardeau, is a thriving town containing i saw and grist-mill, 4 stores, i public school, a Union church, a Masonic hall and i hotel. Population, about 200. Piketon, (Spring Hill,) 10 miles n. of Bloomfield, is a place of con- siderable importance, and has 2 stores, i school and a Methodist church. Population, about 60. Spring Hill. — See Piketon. STONE COUNTY, In the south-western part of the State, is bounded north by Christian County, east by Christian and Taney, south by Arkansas, and west by Barry and Lawrence Counties, and contains 339,200 acres. Population in i860, 2,400; in 1870, 3,253; of whom 3,233 were white, and 20 colored; 1,632 male, and 1,621 female; 3,243 native (1,830 born in Missouri) and 10 foreign. History. — Prior to its settlement by the whites, this portion of country was occupied by the Delaware Indians, who seem to have been ki'ndly disposed toward the settlers, and traces of their towns and encampments exist still, in the upper part of the county. The first white settler was one, Yocum, of French extraction, who made a home, as early as 1790, at the confluence of the James and White Rivers, and gave name — ^White River Trace — to the old trail, leading from Cape Girardeau to south-west Missouri. This family was followed by some others from Lorraine, and about the year 1833 emigrants from Kentucky and Tennessee made settle- ments in this vicinity. Indians, French and Americans lived amicably, carrying on a traffic by keel boats. Up to the late war, all the trading of the people was carried on in a very primitive manner ; the numerous streams of the country afforded ample facilities for boating, and freighted flatboats might often be seen drifting quietly down the river, the grain piled high in the centre of the broad bottomed craft, one or two attending to the boiling kettle, where some savory mess was in course of preparation, while others sat on the edge of the barge, whiling away the hour with a game of " Seven-Up. " Stone County suffered little during the late Civil War on account of its topography, which put a formidable barrier in the way of marauding parties. Physical Features. — The surface of the county is very broken and hilly, almost mountainous, and well timbered with hickory, oak, cherry, dogwood, elm, soft and hard maple, red-bud, hackberry, box-elder, syca- more, birch, etc.; on the uplands, in addition to these, elm, ash, and large pines are abundant. The tillable land is nearly equally divided, between bottom and upland. The county is well supplied with springs and streams. White River flows in a tortuous course across the southern part of the county, from west to east ; its principal tributaries being Mill, Big Indian, Little Indian, Upper Cow, Lower Cow, Brush, Long and Stone Creeks from the south ; and Big Fisher, Schooner, Poppin and Indian Creeks from the north, while the county is traversed from north to south by the 6io CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. the James Fork of White River, whose tributaries on the west are Piney,, Wooley's and East Creeks; and on the east, Four Mile, Wilson, Rawley's,, and Carpenter's Creeks. Government engineers have declared both the White River and the James navigable for steam boats. On some of these streams a fall of lo or 12 feet can be obtained with level rock beds and good banks. The soil of the uplands is well adapted to grazing and the growth of small fruits, while the bottoms are very fertile. There are many caves in this county, some of wonderful beauty ; at least 25 have been explored, and many more discovered. One mile from Galena is an extensive cave from which the early settlers procured salt- petre in large quantities. About 2^ miles above this is a smaller one of exquisite beauty. From the ceiling depend glittering stalactites, while the floor sparkles with fragments of gem-like lustre. A pearly wall, of about half an inch in thickness and 15 inches high, encloses a miniature lake, through whose pellucid waters the wavy stalagmite bottom of this natural basin can be plainly seen. This fairy-like bath tub, fit for Venus to lave in, hidden away in the secret recesses of the earth, surprises and gains admiration from all beholders, and the sacred stillness of the vaulted chamber renders its name, "The Baptismal Font," a peculiarly fitting one. It is difficult to single out, one or two of these wonderful works of nature, where all are so beautiful, but there is another, which for its magnitude, as well as its unusual beauty, may be mentioned since it rivals in these particulars, the far-famed Mammoth Cave of Kentucky. It is 12 miles from Galena, and is becoming well-known among curiosity-seekers in the adjacent country. The entrance chamber is a large dome-shaped room, whose ceiling is very high ; a glittering mound of stalagmites rises in the centre of the room, nearly one-third the height of the ceiling, stretching out at right angles from this are long shining halls leading to other grandly arched chambers, gorgeous enough for the revels of the Gnome King, and all the genii of the subterranean world. One cannot but think of the nether world, as wandering down a labyrinthian passage, he reaches the verge of an abyss, striking perpendicularly to unknown and echoless depths. The name, "Bottomless Pit," is well bestowed on this yawning gulf. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, hungarian grass, hemp, tobacco, sugar-cane, timothy, cotton, and fruits. Stock- raising is the most profitable pursuit of the farmer, as he has here an unlimited extent of fine range and abundant supply of water. Sheep- raising claims considerable attention. The Atlantic & Pacific R, R. Co., have about 140,000 acres of land for sale in this county at prices ranging from ^i to ;^5 per acre.* * The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be be paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offer free transportation from St. Louis to the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix- STONE COUNTY. 6ii The Mineral Resources. — There are indications of iron, copper, and lead, though as yet, entirely undeveloped. Specimens of red and brown hematite, copper, zinc, and lead ores lie scattered in many places over the surface, inviting capitalists to develop and invest. Near Galena is a rich deposit of pumice stone of excellent quality. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $500,000.* The Exports are corn, wheat, and live stock. The Educational Advantages are greatly improved since the war; nearly every sub-district having a public school. Blue Eye, a post-office 27 miles s. of Galena. Curran, a p. o. 7 miles s. of Logan Station, on the A. & P. R. R. GALENA, the county seat, situated on the right bank of James River, 20 miles s. e. from Logan, was laid out in 1852 and called James Town, but changed to Galena a few years after. It contains 2 stores, i wagon, and i carpenter shop. It is surrounded by a well timbered country, rich in minerals, and possesses excellent water power. Goff 's Creek, a post-office 9 miles n. e. of Galena. High Camp, a post-office 7 miles s. e. of Galena. Long's Mills, 10 miles n. n. w. of Galena, has i store and i grist mill. Mabry's Ferry, 16 miles s. s. e. of Galena, contains 2 stores. Robertson's Mills, a post-office 15 miles n. n. e. of Galena. ♦Assessed valuation for 1873, g»32,So6. Taxation, ^1.30 per Jioo. Floating debt, ^2,500. SULLIVAN COUNTY, In the northern part of the State, is bounded north by Putnam County, which separates it from Iowa, east by Putnam and Adair, south by Linn, and west by Mercer and Grundy Counties, and contains 414,720 acres. Population — In 1850, 2,983; in i860, 9,198; in 1870, 11,908, of whom 11,865 were white and 42 colored; 6,078 male and 5,829 female; 11,655 native (5,630 born in Missouri) and 253 foreign. History. — The first settlers of Sullivan — then embraced in Linn County — were Dr. Jacob Holland and his son Robert W. Holland, with their families, in 1836, who located between Main Locust and West Locust Creeks, near the present site of Scotsville. Hugh C. Warren and Jno. Hatcher coming in the spring, and John Thurlow in the autumn of 1838, were the next settlers, selecting a home near Main Locust Creek, in the same township. The same year William Sevier and family located near East Locust Creek. These settlers were soon followed by others, among whom were Armistead C. Hill, Jeremiah G. and Meshack Smith in 1839, and John McCullough, Isaac Schrock, S. A. Maloney, Lot B. Lontz, Frank E. Stone and Geo. B. Henry, with others, in 1840. Roving bands of Indians continued to frequent the county as late as 1842. Highland County had its boundaries defined in 1843, ^^^ "^^ organized as Sullivan, February i6th, 1845. ^^^ ^''St county court, com- posed of William Doyle, Samuel Lewis and Patrick McQuown, justices, the first presiding, with H. T. Elmore clerk, and E. B. Morelock sheriff, convened May 5 th, 1845, ^^ the residence of Armstead C. Hill. George Irwin was appointed county treasurer. The first circuit court. Judge James A. Clark on the bench, was held in September, 1845, i^ Armistead C. Hill's tobacco barn. The grand jury held their consultation in the pit of a whip saw scaffold near the barn, and found four indictments — one for trading with the Indians and three for trespass on school lands. M. B. Witter and George Makinson were the only resident attorneys at this time. The first marriage was that of Jeremiah G. Smith to Mary Ann Sevier, February nth, 1840, by Rev. Jesse Coins, of the Baptist Church, all of whom are now living (1874). In 1845, Linneus, 25 miles distant, was the nearest post-office. Phar- salia, located near the present site of Milan, was the first post-office in the county ; E. Hannon, postmaster. This courteous old Virginia gen- tleman regularly attended some one of the justices' courts every Saturday, 6i4 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL and, making his hat post-office, pro tetn., distributed the mail for the neigh- borhood. He may be considered the first letter carrier of Missouri. The first mail route was from Pharsalia to Linneus, and was carried once a week by John Bergin, for $99.50 per annum. In 1849 ^ United States Land Office was located at Milan, Hon. A. L. Gilstrap receiver, and Capt. Jacamiah Seaman register. In 1859 the office was moved to Boonville. During the Civil War, Sullivan County suffered comparatively little directly, but was infested by numerous bushwhacking parties, rendering it disagreeable to the better class of citizens. For the greater part of the time Milan was [a military post and the State militia were stationed there. Physical FeatureSo — The face of the county is generally rolling, presenting, in the main, an attractive appearance. There are numerous, springs, and it is traversed from north to south by East Medicine Creek, the West Fork, East Fork, Little East Fork and Main Fork of Locust Creek ; also by Muddy, Yellow and Spring Creeks, all of which afford fine water power. Along each of the above creeks is a strip of " bottom land," varying from one-fourth to two miles in width, mostfly open prairie and very fertile, the soil being from 3 to 7 feet deep. Between the different streams are prairie divides, more or less rolling, the soil of which is not so rich. About three-sevenths of the county is timbered with a fine growth of white, black, red, and burr oak; hickory, elm, birch, sycamore, linn, honey locust, black walnut (in great abundance), white walnut, Cottonwood, buckeye and wild fruits of various kinds. The Agricultural Productions are principally, corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, clover, hungarian, timothy, and blue grass. Tobacco is grown to some extent, producing fair crops. Potatoes yield well. Apples, peaches, cherries, pears and grapes, are successfully cultivated. About one-half the land is occupied by actual settlers. There are about six hundred acres of Government land, and one hundred and sixty acres of unsold swamp land in the. county. Mineral Resources. — Coal, red ochre and building stone are found in abundance : There are five coal mines in operation. The ''Locust Valley Coal and Land Company," capital ;^ioo,ooo, is making thorough investigations of the coal deposits. A fine quality of sand- stone for building purposes is found in large quantities, also, stone suitable for grindstones. The Manufacturing Interests consist of 10 flouring-mills, about 16 saw-mills, 2 potteries, i woolen mill and 3 manufactories of wagons and agricultural implements. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^4,ooo,ooo.* •Assessed valuation for 1873, ^2,954,056. Bonded debt, ^200,000. SULLIVAN COUNTY. 615 Educational Interests are well attended to under the public school system, there being 96 schools in the county. Railroads. — The Burlington & Southwestern Railroad has 26 miles of track running north and south through the central part, and the Quincy, Missouri & Pacific Railroad has been located through the cen- tral part of the county from east to west. The Exports are cattle, horses, mules, hogs, etc. Bairdstown, a post-office 8 miles n. w. of Milan. Bowmansville. — See Medicine. Clear View, 6 m. w. n. w. of Milan, has a store and blacksmith shop. Colfax, a post-office 14 miles n. w. of Milan. Green Castle, pleasantly situated, 15 miles e. n. e. of Milan, on the located line of the Q., M., & P. R. R., has 7 general stores, 3 hotels, 2 agricultural implement stores, i furniture and i harness shop. Popula- tion, about 200. High Point, in a heavy growth of timber, upon one of the highest ridges in northern Missouri, 10 miles w. of Milan, is one of the old land- marks of the country. Jackson's Corners, (Jacksonville,) on the B. & S. W. R. R., 8 miles n. of Milan, has i general store, i tannery, and i blacksmith shop. Judson, II miles n. n. w. of Milan, has i general store, i flouring- mill and i blacksmith-shop. Kiddville, 10 miles n. e. of Milan, has 3 general stores, 2 black- smith shops, and i wagon-maker's shop. Population about 100. McCullough, 7 miles s. of Milan on the B. & S. W. R. R. Medicine, (Bowmansville,) a post-office 12 miles w. of Milan. MILAN, the county seat and principal town, situated on the B. & S. "W. R. R., 34 miles n. of Laclede, and near the center of the county, was laid out in 1845, on the farm of Armistead C. Hill; E. Hannon commis- sioner, and Wilson Baldridge surveyor. It contains about a dozen gene- ral stores, 2 harness and 2 tin shops, i cabinet, 2 blacksmith, 2 boot and shoe shops, i hardware and 3 drug stores, 2 hotels, 2 steam saw and grist- mills, 2 newspapers — the Gazette, published by J. F. Beatty, and the Standard, published by M. F. Lorentz, ; a fine court-house and jail, i church — Baptist. Population about 700 . Owasco, 10 miles s. e. of Milan, has i general store and i black- :smith shop. Pennville, 18 miles n. n. e. of Milan, has i general store and i ■wagon shop. Pollock, on the B. & S. W. R. R. 16 miles n. of Milan, has i gen- eral and I drug store, i blacksmith shop, etc. Scotsville, 10 miles s. of Milan, has 2 general and i drugstore, i hotel, n saw and grist-mill, 2 blacksmith shops, and i church. Pop. about 100. 6i6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL Sticklersville, 14 miles e. s. e. of Milan, has 2 general stores, 1 wagon and blacksmith shop, i saw and grist-mill. Union Ridge, a post-office 18 miles n. e. of Milan. Valparaiso, a post-office 15 miles n. of Milan. The principal por- tion of town moved to Pollock. "Winigan, a post-office 18 miles s. e. of Milan. W^intersville, a post-office 14 miles n. w. of Milan, has 3 general stores, I blacksmith shop, i flouring-mill, i wagon and agricultural implement shop, etc. Population about 100. r TANEY COUNTY, In the southern part of the State, is bounded north by Christian and Douglas Counties, east by Ozark County, south by the Arkansas State Line, and west by Stone County, and contains 437,381 acres. Population in 1840, 3,264; in 1850, 4>373; in i860, 3,576; in 1870, 4,407; of whom 4,397 were white, and 10 colored; 2,241 male, and 2,166 female; 4,385 native (2,204 born in Missouri) and 22 foreign. History. — The territory now embraced in Taney County was first settled in 1826 or 1827. In that year two brothers, Jacob and Solomon Youchuim, Elijah McAdo, and three others, named Denton, with their families, located on White River, and made farms. Some of the Youchuim family still live in south-west Missouri. The next settlement was made about 1830 or 183 1, by James Oliver, Garner, Barnes, Nuchinn, and Edwards. Mr. James Oliver, now (1874) about 90 years of age, still lives in the county, surrounded by numerous descendants. Hon. Jesse Jennings located here in 1832, and he has represented the county in the Legislature, twelve or thirteen sessions, has also been sheriff one term, and county court justice two years. About the year 1838 Levi Boswell located in the county. In looking over records of the early days many amusing things are found: — At one time the county court made an order declaring the State law concerning highways suspended, so far as Taney County was concerned, and a few years later the same body rescinded the order sus- pending the road law. It was a custom when any vacancy occurred in the offices of the county for the county court, clerk and sheriff to hold an election among themselves and whoever received a majority of the five votes cast was declared duly elected, and commissioned accordingly. The county was organized January 6, 1837, and named in honor of Chief- Justice Taney. During the late Civil War, many old settlers were killed, or driven off, and the county records nearly all destroyed. Physical Features. — Taney is a rough mountainous county, of varied soil and scenery. White River, in a tortuous channel, traverses the county from west to east, and is navigable the entire distance. There are also a large number of creeks, among which are Beaver, Swan, Bull, Bear, Long, Big and Shoal, all affording ample water power. The waters of these streams are very clear. There are hundreds of springs of clear water ; many of large volume. The county abounds with timber of excellent quality, consisting of oak, pine, walnut, cherry, elm, sycamore, hickory, birch, maple, sugar maple, etc. 6i8 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. There are three classes of soil, known here as "river," *' creek" but "upland." The river soil is a rich, black loam, intermixed with a small proportion of sand, and produces well. The creek land is a sandy loam, and is a little inferior to the river land. The uplands are situated on the ridges or hills, with a red clay sub-soil and a dark lime top soil. The mountain scenery is grand, affording in many places a view of the whole county, for miles around. The valleys are generally narrow but fertile. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, tobacco, cotton and vegetables. Among the fruits are apples, peaches, pears, cherries, grapes, and all the small fruits. About one-half of the land in the county has been entered and home- steaded, and about one sixth of this is in cultivation. The Mineral Resources of the county are not developed, though indications of rich mines have been found in several localities. South of Forsyth, there is a large iron mountain owned by Clapp, Ayres & Co. Mr. Ayres is now in the county building barges to transport the ore down White River and up the Mississippi, to St. Louis. The Manufacturing Interests are flouring, saw and sorghum mills. "Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^500,000.* The Exports are wheat, corn, beef, pork, mutton, wool, and fruit. Educational. — There are a few very good public schools, but they are only kept up a few months each year. An effort which promises succes io making to improve them. Bald Knob, a post-office 11 miles n. of Forsyth. Bauff, a post-office 25 miles s. e. of Forsyth. Bee Creek, a post-office 14 miles s. of Forsyth. Bradleyville, a post-office and store 16 miles n. e. of Forsyth. Cedar Creek, a post-office 12 miles s. e. of Forsyth. FORSYTH, the county seat, and principal town of the county, is situated on the north bank of White River, about 5 miles north-west of the centre of the county. Population about 300. It was settled about 1838, and had a steady growth until the late war, during which it was entirely destroyed. It has again taken a new start, and now contains about 6 stores, a flouring mill, a good court-house in process of erection, and one newspaper and job printing office — the Pioneer Farmer ^ J. J. Brown, editor. Kerbyville,8 miles s. s. w. of Forsyth, contains a few stores and 100 inhabitants. Mincey, a post-office 10 miles s. of Forsythe, \ Walnut Shade, a post-office 8^ miles n. w. of Forsythe. •Assessed valuation for 1873, 1782,760. Taxation. ^i-So per ^loo. Bonded debt, ^18,000. Floating debt, ^3,000. TEXAS COUNTY, In the southern part of the State, is bounded north by Pulaski, Phelps and Dent Counties, east by Dent and Shannon, south by Howell and Douglas, and west by Wright and Laclede, and contains about 700,000 acres. Population in 1850, 2,312 ; in i860, 6,067 ; in 1870, 9,618 ; of whom 9,523 were white and 95 colored; 4,935 male and 4,683 female; 9,477 native (5,834 born in Missouri,) and 141 foreign. History. — The Boones and Paddies, trappers and hunters, settled here in 1 81 6. After a successful season they would load their ponies and start for St. Louis, following the old Indian trail, there being no roads. They built the mill on Paddie's Spring, which was the first in this part of the State. The next settlers were the McDonalds and Burkhardts, who settled on Robidoux Creek, and were followed by John Sherrill, Wm. Thornton, the Baldridges and the Carters, with their families, who located at Buffalo Lick, now the town of Licking. William Thornton, still living in the county, was one of the first mem- bers of the county court, and used to ride 50 or 60 miles from his home to the county seat, receiving two dollars per diem, and no mileage for going or returning. The first town settled was Ellsworth, on Piney River, in 1837. The county was organized Feb. 14th, 1845, ^^^ i^ 1846, Houston, the present county seat, was laid out. R. Y. Smiley, who built the first house and was the first merchant in the place, is still living in the county on Elk Creek. Texas County suffered greatly during the Civil War, but is now grow- ing steadily, the fertility, healthfulness and beauty of the county, all attracting an excellent class of people. Land is still cheap, improved farms selling at from $5 to ^10 per acre. Physical Features. — The Ozark Mountains extend through this county and a considerable part of the surface is broken. There is but little prairie land, all of which is good, and the bottoms on the streams are exceedingly rich. The county is well watered by Big Piney, which flows through the central part, and its numerous tributaries, chief of which on the east are Boone, Brushy, Indian, Hog and Elk Creeks; on the west, Hamilton and Peavine. In the north-western part is Robidoux, in the eastern, Current River, and in the south-eastern, Jack's Fork of Current River with its affluents, Pine and Little Pine. 620 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. The timber consists of oak, walnut, hickory and three large pineries, one in the central part of the county, one in the north-east and one in the south-e;»5t, on Jack's Fork. There is a large cave about two miles from Houston said to be well worth exploring. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, rye, oats, grass and tobacco. This last is becom-ing an important production. Several varieties of fruits have been tried and succeed admirably. Mineral Resources. The indications of lead and iron have been sufficiently tested to show that they exist in paying quantities. Silver is also thought to exist. The Manufacturing Interests consist of several flouring and saw- mills and 2 tobacco factories. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $2,500,000.* The Exports are corn, wheat, rye, hides and stock. Educational Interest's. — Public schools are established in nearly- all the districts, and there are several private schools of considerable im- portance. Big Creek, a post-office 12 miles s. e. of Houston. Casto, a post-office 18 miles s. e. of Houston. Cedar Bluff, a post-office 18 miles s. s. w. of Houston. Dykes, a post-office 10 miles w. of Houston, Elk Creek, a post-office 12 miles s, of Houston. Ellsworth, a post-office on Big Piney, 10 miles n. of Houston. Gravel Point, a post-office 18 miles s. w. of Houston. Hickory Springs, a post-office 25 miles s. w. of Houston. HOUSTON, the county seat, situated on Brushy Creek, near the center of the county, about 55 miles s. s. w. of RoUa, Phelps County, has about 200 inhabitants. It has a good court-house and an academy, 4 stores, and is quite a business place for an inland town. Licking, 16 miles n. n. e. of Houston, is a growing village situated in a rich farming district. It has i steam-mill, 3 stores, 2 churches — M. E. and M. E. Ch. South, and a population of about 200. Plato, 23 miles n. w. of Houston, is a new town, containing 2 stores, and surrounded by a fertile and well watered country. Plum Valley, a post-office lo miles w. n. w. of Houston. Raymondville, a post-office 9 miles n. e. of Houston. Robidoux, a post-office 17 miles n. w. of Houston. Ruth, a post-office 13 miles n. e. of Houston. Sherrill, a post-office 20 miles n. n. e. of Houston. Stanford, a post-office 8 miles s. w. of Houston. Sumraersville, 24 miles s. e. of Houston, located in a productive valley, has 2 stores. ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $1,166,375. Taxation, $1.25 per $100. Floating debt, $600. VERNON COUNTY, In the western part of the State, is bounded north by Bates County, east by St. Clair and Cedar, south by Barton, and west by the State of Kansas, and contains 536,000 acres. Population in i860, 4,850; in 1870, 11,247, of whom 11,165 were white and 82 colored; 6,038 male, and 5,209 female; 11,022 native (4,383 born in Missouri) and 225 foreign. History. — At the time of the location of Harmony Mission in Bates County, in 1824, the Big Osage Indians had quite a large village 8 miles north-east of the present site of Nevada, governed by a noted chief among the tribes, known as White Hare, and there was also a village of the Little Osages, 3 miles north of the present site of Balltown. Besides these chief towns there were numerous smaller ones in various parts of what is now Vernon County. Two Frenchmen, Jeroux and Trudais, carried on considerable trade with them for years, but were never actual settlers ; this honor is claimed by Allen, Jesse and Moses Somers, natives of Kentucky, who left Har- mony Mission in 1820 and settled on the Little Osage, 3 miles west of the present site of Balltown. Soon after, Stephen Fuller and family, from New York, George Requa, and George and Joseph Douglass settled on the west side of the Marmaton River. Wm. Modrel and family, with Rev. Nathanael Dodge and his three sons, Leonard, Thomas and Samuel, located near Balltown. C. D. Ball, from Vermont, settled at Balltown, and Henri Letiembre and Henry Deville located at the Timbered Mound on the Marmaton River. Wm. and Jonathan Pryor settled on Pryor's Creek, now in the extreme north-west corner of the county. Dr. James White, presiding justice of the county court, was also among the very earliest settlers. Peter Weyand, Isaac Yokum, Sam. and Ben. Charles with their families, came from Ohio together, and settled near Balltown, and about the same time, Wm. and Robert Quay, from Pennsylvania, settled near them, Josiah Austin, Wm. Bartlett and family, from Ten- nessee, also Abraham Redfield and Alexander Woodruff. John Son, an old veteran of the war of 181 2, settled at Bel voir and established the first ferry across the Osage River. The first dry goods store on the south side of the Marmaton, was established one mile south of Cephas Ford, by Wm. Waldo, from Virginia, and soon after, Geo. Fail opened another on the Kansas Line. Freeman Barrows, Anselm Halley, Daniel Austin with his five sons and three daughters, Dr. Albert Badger, J, H. Requa, Noah Caton, 622 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL James Bryan, Hugh Logan and James McKill were all among the early settlers. They had no trouble with the Indians, with the exception of one slight skirmish which took place on the forks of the Marais des Cygnes and Walnut Creek, in which two of the whites were wounded. One of these, Nath'l Dodge, died afterwards of his wounds. This county was organized February 17th, 1851, and named in honor of Hon. Miles Vernon, of Laclede County. The first county court, Conrad G. Carr, Andrew Still and James Grace, justices, was held at the house of Noah Caton, 4 miles north of Nevada, July 9th, 1855. The first county officers were as follows: sheriff, W. J. Wassam; clerk, Col. D. C. Hunter; assessor, James Dil- lard; treasurer, Reuben H. Williams; surveyor, James Bryan; public administrator, James H. Moore. The act erecting the new county appointed Hiram Stephens, of Cass, James Rainey, of Bates, and B. F. Walker, of Jasper, as commissioners to locate the county seat, but as they failed to be on hand at the time appointed at the first session of the county court, an order was passed calling upon the courts of these counties to appoint new commissioners, and at the next term, Oct. 5th, A. Cassel, of Cass, and J. W. Boyd, of Jasper, presented themselves as such, and selected as county seat the present site of Nevada City. There was a great deal of opposition manifested by the citizens of Bates toward the new county, and they endeavored to test the legality of the act of incorporation, serving an injunction from the circuit court at Papinsville. The county was defended in the suit by R. L. Y. Payton and C. F. Bullock, Esq., and judgment rendered in favor of the legality of the act. The following gentlemen represented the county in the legislature : First, Dr. J. N. B. Dodson, then Major W. H. Blanton, James Gatewood, Abraham Redfield, J. H. Requa, S. A. Wight and Hampton P. Gray. During the Civil War, the sympathy of a large majority of the citizens of Vernon was in favor of the Confederacy, and the county furnished over Boo men to aid Price, Marmaduke and Shelby in their various raids through the State. On the first call a regiment numbering 483 men organized with D. C. Hunter as Colonel, R. A. Baughn as Lieutenant- Colonel, George Bolton as Major, and Dr. James White as Surgeon. This regiment, known as the 7th Missouri Cavalry, participated in all the principal engagements west of the Mississippi. No general engagement occurred in the county, save a heavy skirmish at Hogan's Crossing on Big Drywood, Sept. 2d, 1861, between the forces of Gen. Price and those of Gen. James H. Lane, in which the latter was driven across the State Line to Fort Scott. During the entire war, Vernon County was infested by small squads from the Southern army and bushwhackers on the one side, and scouting parties from the Federal army and Kansas jayhawkers on the other, and between the two parties the county was unmercifully VERNON COUNTY. 623 pillaged, so that at the close of the war it presented a scene of deso- lation rarely equalled. Physical Features. — The face of the country is undulating, inter- spersed with beautiful streams skirted with fine timber. In the western and northern portions there are some irregular conical mounds, and on the banks of the Osage River and Clear Creek there are a few bold cliffs which give a picturesque character to the scenery. About one-fifth of the area is timber, and the remainder undulating prairie, there being but a small portion which is not susceptible of cultivation. The soil is a rich sandy loam, abounding in potash and oxides of iron underlaid with a substratum of arenaceous and ferruginous clay, except upon the mounds where it is a rich black loam underlaid with yellow clay. The Osage River forms part of the northern boundary, and the county is drained by Little Osage,'' Marmaton River, Big Drywood, Little Drywood, East Fork and West Fork of Clear Creek and numerous smaller streams. The timber embraces all the kinds found in south-western Missouri, excepting cedar. On the high prairie, a little south of Belvoir, formerly called Son's Ferry, may still be seen the remains of ancient mining oper- ations, probably covering more than a section. On the top of Halley's Bluffs, two miles above Belvoir, are the foundations of three furnaces, and at the foot of the bluffs overlooking the Osage River, are circular excav- ations in the rocks. There are also the remains of works — ^both earth and stone, covering the approaches to the furnaces and the descent to the excavations below, as if thrown up for fortifications. There were excav- ations visible years ago to early settlers, but they are now almost extinct on the Howard Mound, three miles south of Halley's Bluffs, also on the Blue Mounds, one mile south, also three miles south-east at the head of Lady's Branch. Some have supposed that these various excavations were made by Ferdinand De Soto in 1541-2, but they are probably, how- ever, of more recent date, for many of the marks and traces that were plainly visible twenty-five or thirty years ago, are now completely oblit- erated, and the sand rock, in which the pick marks are seen, is of too crumbling a nature to stand the effects of so long a time. It is more likely the work of the early French voyageurs, fifty or sixty years before the first settlement of St. Louis, who in their migrations followed the water courses. They probably came up the Osage River in batteaux or pirogues, finding at Son's Ferry and Halley's Bluffs, about the first country spreading out from the river into open prairies, and established at Halley's Bluffs a sort of headquarters for their mining, which prob- ably extended south-east as far as what is now Cedar County, and south in the present Jasper County. A chain of conical mounds through Vernon were probably landmarks to guide them in going and returning. The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats, rye, buck- wheat, tobacco, sorghum, flax seed and castor beans. Fruit-culture is at- 624^ CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL tracting general attention, and from present indications, several varieties will soon be quite largely exported. Vernon County took the premium for the best collection of fruit at the St. Louis Fair in 1872. Grapes give great promise, and it is thought by experienced vine-dressers that the soil and climate of Vernon are peculiarly adapted to their growth. Timothy, red clover and blue grass are fast taking the place of the excel- lent wild prairie grasses. Cattle and hogs are raised largely for exporta- tion, and the best grades are being introduced, and sheep-raising is greatly on the increase. Mineral Resources. — The whole county is underlaid with bitu- minous coal of good quality. There are three strata; the two upper ones crop out in various places, especially in the mounds, the first being from 16 to 26 inches in thickness, the second — about 30 feet below — is from 20 to 32 inches in thickness, and the third, from 45 to 50 feet below the second, varies from 3 to 7 feet in thickness. The Osage Mining Company are operating extensively at Clayton, on the western border of the county, and during 1873 shipped over 600,000 bushels. Large quantities are mined around Moundville, most of which is sold at the county seat. The amount mined during 1873 was about 1,500,000 bushels. Unmistakable indications of iron have been observed in several places, and lead, as a float mineral, has also been found. Hydraulic cement rock is found in abundance, and is said to be of excel- lent quality. Grindstone grit of good quality is found in many places in the eastern part of the county, and was, at an early day, largely quarried. Fire clay and potters' clay, both of good quality, abound, also black and gray marble, susceptible of very high polish ; limestone, an excellent quality of sandstone for building purposes, and ochre beds of various colors are all found in abundance. The Dunnegan and McCoy springs, half way between Montevallo and Virgil City, in the eastern part of the county, yield crude naphtha, petroleum and asphaltum. The Manufacturing Interests are yet limited, consisting of 12 flour, grist and saw-mills, i extensive pottery, and 2 wagon, buggy and plow factories. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^ 10,000,000.* Railroads. — The Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad enters the north- eastern part of the county, and runs in a south-westerly direction to Nevada, and thence west through the county, having 38 miles of track. The Exports are stock, coal, grain, etc. Educational Interests. — The public school system is well estab- lished. There are 112 sub-districts and 108 school-houses, valued at ♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $4,019,321. Taxation, $1.65 per $100. Bonded debt, ^300,000 to the Tebo & Neosho R. R.; and $17,000 to the Laclede & Fort Scott R. R. Total, $317,000. Floating debt, about j5,ooo. Nevada bonded debt, $10,000 for purchase of Tebo & Neosho R. R. depot grounds. VERNON COUNTY, 624^ $120,000, in the county; 1 large school-house in Nevada, costing $20,000, 400 scholars in attendance. Avola, a p. o. 14 miles south of Nevada. Balltown. — See Little Osage. Clayton, on the M., K. & T. R. R., 14 miles w. of Nevada, con- tains 2 stores, and is the shipping point for coal by the Osage Mining Company. Population, about 75. Deerfield, on the M., K. & T. R. R., 10 miles w. of Nevada, con- tains I large pottery, i wagon shop, and 2 stores. Pop., about 100. Drywood, a p. o. 7 miles s. of Nevada. Duncan Creek, a p. o. 20 miles n. w. of Nevada. Little Osage, (Balltown,) 10 miles n. of Nevada, contains 2 stores and I wagon shop. Population, about 50. Metz, 13 miles n. n. w. of Nevada, contains 3 stores, i cabinet shop, and I grist and saw-mill. Population, about 125. Montevallo, 16 miles s. e. of Nevada, contains 4 stores, i hotel, i wagon shop, i grist-mill, and i large flouring-mill in course of erection. Population, about 300. Mounds, (Moundville,) 10 miles s. s. w. of Nevada, contains 3 stores and I hotel. Population, about 100. NEVADA, the county seat, on the M., K. & T. R. R., 90 miles from Sedalia, and 233 miles from St. Louis, was laid off in 1855, and the first sale of lots took place Nov. 19th. The first dwelling in the place was erected by Colonel D. C. Hunter, and the first store room by A. G. Anderson. When the late Civil War commenced, it contained a population of over 400. It was almost completely destroyed May 26th, 1863, by the St. Clair and Cedar County Union Militia, who set it on fire. At the close of the war, the town took a fresh start, and now con- tains nearly 2,500 people. It was originally located under the title of Nevada City, but at the act of incorporation, March 3d, 1869, the word city was dropped. It has 3 churches— M. E. Ch. South, Baptist and Episcopal, with an aggregate value of $13,000, i fine brick school-house with graded school in operation, i bank, i grain elevator, i grist and saw-mill, i merchant flouring-mill, 2 lumber yards, 25 stores, 2 hotels, 3 livery stables, i tobacco factory, 2 gun shops, 2 wagon, buggy and plow factories, i wagon and plow shop, 2 furniture stores, 2 newspapers— The Living Democrat, edited by Sam. and W. Crockett, and The Ledger, edited by Dr. W. Moore. The roads of the county are excellent, and all the chief streams are well bridged. There is one iron bridge, with stone abutments, across Big Dry Wood, on the Fort Scott road, 8 miles west of Nevada— cost, $15,000; one iron bridge, stone abutments, across the Marmaton, 3 miles north-west of Nevada, on the Balltown road— cost $8,500. There are also several other excellent bridges. 624^ CAMPBELL* S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Pleasant Run, a p. o. ii miles s. of Nevada. Round Prairie, a p. o. 13 miles s. e. of Nevada. Sand Stone, a p. o. 10 miles s. e. of Nevada. Schell City, on the M., K. & T. R. R., 18 miles n. e. of Nevada, contains 6 stores, i wagon shop, i large steam flouring-mill, i railroad hotel and a population of about 200. Virgil City, laid off in 1866, by Dr. V. W. Kimball, on the line between Cedar and Vernon Counties, 1 6 miles e. of Nevada, contains 6 stores, 2 wagon-makers' shops, 2 furniture factories, i grist-mill, 3 nurse- ries and a population of about 300. Walker, on the M., K, & T. R. R., 7 miles n. e. of Nevada. WARREN COUNTY, In the east-central part of the State, is bounded north by Montgomery and Lincoln Counties, east by Lincoln and St. Charles, south by the Missouri River, which separates it from Franklin and Gasconade, and west by Montgomery County, and contains 262,474 acres. Population in 1840, 4,253; in 1850, 5,860; in i860, 8,839; in 1870,* 9,673; of whom 8,931 were white, and 741 colored; 5,219 male, and 4,454 female ; 7,182 native (5,965 born in Missouri; in Kentucky, 199; in Ohio, 121 ; in Illinois, 59; in Tennessee, 58; in Virginia, 396) and 2,491 foreign (born in British America, 20; in England and Wales, 45 ; in Ireland, 118 ; in Scotland, 4 ; in Germany, 2,157 ; in France, 10 ; in Norway and Sweden, 9 ; in Switzerland, 39 ; in Austria, 2 ; in Holland, 16.) History. — The first settlements upon the territory now embraced in this county were made in 1801 and 1802 by Flanders Callaway, David Bryan, William and Robert Ramsey, and Thomas Kennedy. The last named settled in the northern part of the county, and the others located near the Missouri River. The original tombs of Col. Daniel Boone and wife are still preserved, near Marthasville, in the southern part of the county, marked by a rough block or slab of limestone, which still bears the rude, but plain inscription, cut upon it by inexperienced but friendly hands. Both Col. Boone and his wife died in St. Charles County, were buried in Warren, and afterward their remains were removed to Frank- fort, Ky. The county was organized Jan. 5th, 1833. The first deed was filed for record May 6, 1833. The first sheriff was Absalom Hays. The county was then a part of the 2nd Judicial District, with Priestly H. McBride, Circuit Judge. The first Circuit Court was held in May, 1833, at the house of Mordica Morgan, then the only house on the present site of Warrenton. The first Grand Jury were Thomas Talbott, Foreman ; Grief Steward, Samuel Doherty, Benoni McClure, Andrew G. Long, Isaac Kent, Jr., Wm. Camron, Jas. Miller, Edward Pleasant, Turner Roundtree, Jonathan D. Gordon, Benjamin Hutchinson, Woodson A. Burton, Thomas Chambers, George Clay, Jas. B. Graves, John B. Shaw, and Jared Irwin. The first County Court, consisting of Thos. N. Graves, Talman Cul- lum, and Morgan Bryan, also met at Mordica Morgan's house, May 20, 1833. On August 10, 1835, Henry Walton and wife donated 50 acres in section 28, for the town of Warrenton, in consideration that it should * The census taker publishes over his own name that these figures are wrong, and that the population is over 13,000. 626 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL be the county town, and Harvey Ford was appointed in November, 1836, the commissioner to sell tlie lots. About the same time Mordica Morgan donated 15 acres in section 29, adjoining the Walton donation, and Wm. Skinner was appointed the commissioner to sell the lots. The first court house was built of brick in 1838, at a cost of $2,600, and in 1869 that was torn down, and an elegant structure, costing over $35,000, was erected during 1870. Physical Features. — This county occupies an important geograph- ical position from being traversed by the main dividing ridge separating the waters flowing into the Mississippi from those flowing into the Mis- souri. About one-fourth of th€ county lies north and three-fourths south of the "divide." The northern portion is a little more than one-half prairie, with the balance heavily timbered. Of the southern portion, 18,000 acres are Missouri Bottoms, and the balance creek bottoms and rolling uplands. The Missouri River and Bear, Lost, Little Lost, Charette, and Tuque Creeks, water and drain the southern slope; Peruque, Indian, Big, and Camp Creeks, the northern slope. There are numerous very fine springs in the county. Broadhead's State Geological Report says "Warren County is as well timbered as any county in the State." The finest qualities of black, white, scarlet, red and post oaks, and shell-bark and pig-nut hickory abound all over the county, and black-walnuts and burr oaks grow to an immense size on the bottoms, where it is not uncommon to find a Cottonwood 8 or 10 feet in diameter. The soil of the Missouri and creek bottoms is a deep alluvium, and produces, with ordinary cultivation, 75 or 80 bushels of corn per acre, year after year on the same ground. The first bluff lands on leaving the Missouri Bottoms are the richest uplands in the county, with the soil often 10 feet deep, and produce an average of 25 to 30 bushels of wheat to the acre. These lands are usually 2 or 3 miles wide, above which there is a rocky slope peculiarly adapted to the growth of the grape, the wine from which rivals the famous brands of Europe. Going north, the county is rolling, and well adapted to the raising of corn, oats, wheat, _ and the finer qualities of tobacco. This belt of country with its constituent prop- erties of soil, underlaid with magnesian limestone, and the altitude being just what is required for the perfection of tree and fruit, may properly be called the "fruit belt" of the county. Apples and peaches grow to enormous size, and possess all the aroma, fine grain, luscious flavor, and perfect form of the California fruits. Apple trees begin to bear in 3 years, and are loaded the sixth year. Trees receiving no care show more thrift and luxurious growth than the scrubbed, scraped, and carefully attended orchards of the East. The Agricultural Productions, as above indicated, are corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, tobacco, fruits, wine and stock. WARREN COUNTY. 627 The Mineral Resources are varied— superior brick clay and fine limestone are found in inexhaustible quantities all over the county. Drab, blue, purple, buff and red clays are found in large beds in several localities. There are also a number of good quarries of excellent mar- ble, and some of it fine grained and quite beautiful. The principal beds thus far discovered are on Lake Creek, in sections 23 and 24, township 45, range i w. The saccharoidal sandstone so well developed on the streams running into the Missouri River, affords a superior article for the manufacture of glass. Its beds are often pure white, mostly free from earthy impurities, and it is often so soft that it can easily be shoveled up. The sand is often hauled 20 miles, to be used in plastering, it being much valued on account of its beautiful white color, for when mixed with lime and plastered on walls no additional whitewash is needed. Warren County could supply the world for ages to come with excellent sand for glass. No systematic effort has been made to develop the iron or lead deposits, but hematites of fine quality have been found extensively distributed over the southern half of the county. Fine specimen's of Galena have been found on Tuque and Lake Creeks. Coal of a good quality is found in pockets (as all coal in this county occurs) about 3 miles north of Warrenton, also 12 miles north of Warrenton, on the farm of F. H. Drunert, Esq., and in both localities considerable quantities are being mined. There are evidences of coal in many other localities. The Manufacturing Interests of the county are 8 saw mills and 8 grist mills, 2 manufactories of cabinet wares, i of cheese and butter and 3 of tobacco— one at Warrentown and two at Wright City. Out of an annual production of over 300,000 lbs. of tobacco in this county some 25,000 lbs. are manufactured at home. "Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $8,650,000.* Railroads.— The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway passes through the county from east to west — 18 miles. The Exports are principally tobacco, hogs, fat cattle, wheat, oats, corn and wine. Educational.— There are 49 sub-districts, 50 public school houses, 57 teachers and 2,474 pupils attending school in this county. Bridgeport, a post-office 12 miles s. w. of Warrenton. Dutzow, 24 miles s. e. of Warrenton has i church — Catholic, i store, I blacksmith and wagon maker's shop and a public school. Population (in 1870) 72, with a thickly settled country about it. Holman's Store, 7 miles n. of Warrenton, has i store and a black- smith shop. Holstein, 13 m. s. of Warrenton, has a public school, 2 churches— Ger- man Evangelist and German Lutheran— 2 stores and about 60 inhabitants. ♦Assessed valuation for 1S73, $2,161,706. Taxation, Ji. 35 per ijioo. Bonded debt, $16,427. Floating debt about j!i,ooo. CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MJSSOURL 628 Hopewell, 10 miles s. s. e. of Warrenton, on the Marthasville road, has I church — German Methodist Episcopal — 2 stores, i public school, etc. Marthasville, 20 miles s. e. of Warrenton. Population in 1870, lyS, has 3 churches — German Methodist, German Evangelist, and M. E. Churcii South. It has 2 stores, i fine grist and saw mill, 2 blacksmith and I wagon maker's shop. It is 5 miles from Washington on the M. P. R. R. Pendleton, 5 miles w. of Warrenton has i store, i grocery, i church — Methodist Episcopal — i public school, and is a shipping point for stock, grain, railroad ties, fence posts, hoop poles and cord wood. Pinkney, a post-office 12 miles s. s. w. of Warrenton. Pin Oak, a post-office 13 miles n. of Warrenton. Pitts, a post-office 3 miles s. of Wright City. Tuque, a post-office 13 miles s. e. of Warrenton. ^A/'ARRENTON, the county seat and principal town of the county, on St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 58 miles from St. Louis, is the highest point between St. Louis and St. Joseph. It is proverbially healthy. Population about 1,000. It was incorporated February 15, 1864. The first board elected were Henry Parker, John H. Falconer, C. A. Kuhl, C. A. Smith and Dr. H. H. Middlekamp. There are 13 dry goods and grocery stores, i drug, i stove, hardvvare and agricultural implement store, 3 boot and shoe makers, 3 blacksmiths, 2 wagon makers, i harness maker, 3 tailors, 2 flour and 2 saw mills, 4 hotels, i bank — capital 1^60,000 — I public school building worth $2,000, one watch maker and silversmith, 2 milliners, 3 dress makers, i broom factory, 2 cabinet manu- factories, 2 tobacco dealers, 2 pork packers and 2 doctors. There are 2 newspaper and job printing offices — The Warrentoti Chronicle, A. and Ed. S. Ackerman editors and publishers, and TJie Missouri Banner, R. B. Speed, publisher. Warrenton has a fine court house, above alluded to, and 4 churches — Christian, M. E. Ch., South, Methodist Episcopal Ger- man, and Catholic. • The Presbyterians and German Lutherans have congregations but no houses of worship. The city supports a good Union school, and the Central Wesleyan College, H. Koch, D. D., President, under the direction of the German Methodist Episcopal Conference. A new college, 60 by 90 feet, of brick, to cost some ;g25,ooo, is now in course of erection. Wright City, on the St. L. & K. C. & N. R. W., 6 miles e. of War- renton, has 2 churches — Methodist and Baptist — a public school incorpo- rated under the village school law, two hotels, 2 large tobacco factories, several stores, and i furniture dealer. Population about 300. WASHINGTON COUNTY, In the eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Franklin and Jeffer- son Counties, east by Jefferson and St. Frangois, south by Iron, and west by Crawford County, and contains 475 '399 acres. Population in 1820, 2,769; in 1830, 6,784; in 1840, 7,213; in 1850, 8,8n; in i860, 9,723; in 1870, ii,7i9' of whom 10,748 were white and 971 colored; 5,868 male and 5,851 female; 11,143 native (8,619 born in Missouri) and 576 foreign. History. — The first explorations of the mineral region .of what is now South-east Missouri, were probably made by Crozat, Sieur de Lochon and others, who, pursuing the ignis fatuus of that age, sought here the precious metals they had failed to find in Lower Louisiana and on the banks of the Missouri. A vague rumor of silver on the Maramec led to one or two mining expeditions which proved failures, so far as silver was concerned, but developed the fact of the existence of large quantities of lead. France was eagerly looking for treasure of some sort from her new pos- sessions, and there was no lack of adventurous spirits to carry out her designs. The failure to procure silver does not seem to have discouraged them, and immediately expeditions to mine for lead were fitted out, though owing to their ignorance of the construction of furnaces, more than one of these failed, but with admirable perseverance they continued their efforts. Finally, about 1720, Renault, a man with much practical knowledge of metals, took charge of an expedition, not only bringing with him M. La Motte, who was well versed in the knowledge of minerals, but nearly 200 miners and artificers, well supplied with implements. He also brought 500 negroes from St. Domingo, and established himself at Fort Chartres. One of their first discoveries was Mine La Motte, in Madison County, and subsequently the mines of Potosi, Old Mine and others, which were opened and operations immediately commenced. Some of the gads and other iron implements used by these early miners, can be seen now stick- ing in the rocks and imbedded in the walls of caves. There are no com- plete statistics showing the amount of ore taken out in those days, but it must have been immense, considering the means employed and the facili- ties for transportation. About 1760 , Francis Breton, while chasing a bear, discovered the mine near Potosi which still bears his name, Mine a Breton, and a little later he opened it, and a mining camp was established at the present site of 630 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS QUEL Potosi ; but it was not until 1765 that any families located here. Not- withstanding the fact that the attention of the French was early directed to the mineral wealth of Upper Louisiana, their settlements were chiefly on the east side of the river, but when the Mississippi became the western boundary of the English possessions in 1763, most of the French emigrated from Kaskaskia and other points on the east to the west side of the river, and it is probable that the first settlements were made about this time within the present limits of Washington County, first at Potosi and sub- sequently at Old Mines, and on the stream known as Fourche a Renault and at other points. That lead was found in nearly all parts of the county and very near the surface, is proved by the number and extent of the old shallow diggings still to be seen here, but as they had no means of* reducing the ore, except by the primitive "ash" furnace, they could not have realized more than 60 per cent, of pure lead, 35 or 30 per cent, being lost in the slag. This lead was conveyed to the river on pack-horses and ox-carts, and sent to New Orleans, whence it was chiefly shipped to France. One of the most prominent pioneers was Moses Austin of Virgina, who received in 1783, from the Spanish Government, a grant of a league of land, now known as the " Austin Survey." This tract contained fertile lands, valuable mineral deposits and water privileges, and he afterwards laid out about 40 acres of it in lots, donating the same for a town, which now constitutes a part of Potosi. He received this grant on condition that he should establish lead works here, which he did, reaping a rich reward for his enterprise. About 1795, he built upon the brow of the hill, now about the center of the town of Potosi, a large and expensive mansion, then probably the finest residence in the State, which was long known as Durham Hall. Three years later he sunk the first deep shaft in what is known as "cap rock," with such success, that the mining character of this region was permanently established. This shaft is still remuneratively worked at a depth of 170 feet, with n'umerous and extensive side openings or "drifts." In 1799, he erected a shot tower near the creek, about a mile north- west of Potosi, and about the same time Elias Bates manufactured sheet lead, near the same locality. The following mines, still in operation, were worked under French, and after 1763, under Spanish rule: Mine a Breton, Old Mines on a branch of Mineral Fork, and Renault's Miners on Fourche a Renault or Mineral Fork. The purchase of Louisiana in 1803 by the United States was fol- lowed by many new discoveries, but the Government, in accordance with established usage, reserved all mines and salt springs, hoping to obtain a revenue from them. It was soon found that the cost of collecting the rents exceeded their sum reported, and no reliable statistics could be obtained. It is stated that in 181 1, 5,000,000 lbs. of ore were WASHINGTON COUNTY. 631 delivered at Shibboleth, but in 1819, Col.. Smith, then proprietor of the mine, reported its yield at 1,000,000 lbs. Mine a Breton, which had yielded as high as 3,000,000 lbs. per annum, had dropped to 500,000 lbs. and not more than 30 miners were at work there. Schoolcraft, who was sent there as agent of the U. S. Government in 1 8 19, found M. Le Breton, discoverer of Mine a Breton, living near Ste. Genevieve at the advanced age of 109. Of the mines, he says that he found most of the shafts from 10 to 30 feet deep, sunk in the stiff red clay in which the lead was embedded, with fragments of barytes, quartz, hornstone, chalcedony and flint. Austin's shaft, 80 feet deep, and John Rice Jones' shaft were the only ones extending into the rock, and in these were found large quantities of ore filling the cavities of the rock. Upon the whole, appearances justified him in concluding that the lower strata of rocks around Potosi were of a metalliferous character, and would warrant the expenditure incident to a thorough investigation. That later researches have proved the truth of Schoolcraft's statement is well known. The average yield of the mines of the district embraced in Washington County, from 1803 to 1819, was about 3,000,000 lbs. yearly, at times somewhat larger than that, so it was estimated that its value was equal to one-fourth of the entire purchase money of Louisiana. Schoolcraft states, that in 18 19 there was only one regular hearth fur- nace in the entire district, and that not of the best English pattern ; there were but 4 or 5 regular shafts in the 40 diggings then worked, and not an engine of any kind to raise water from the mines. As lead ore overlays copper in Europe, he thought it might do so in this country. He advised the Government to sell the mineral lands, or at least to extend the leases from 3 to 5 years, and after a thorough investigation of this region, he remarked, "This is the land of ores, the county of minerals." The following is Schoolcraft's list of the mines known, the estimates made of the number of pounds of ore raised, and the number of hands at work during 1819: Mine a Breton, 1,500,000 lbs., 160 hands j Shibboleth, 2,700,000 lbs., 240 hands; La Motte, 2,400,000 lbs., 210 hands; Richwood's, 1,300,000 lbs., 140 hands; Bryan's and Daggat's, Mines, 910,000 lbs., 80 hands; Perry's, Elliott's, Old Mines and Bellefontaine Mines, 45,000 lbs., 20 hands; Mine Astraddle, Liberty, Renault, Silvers and Miller, 450,000 lbs., 40 hands; Cannon's, Bequette's and Little Mines, 75,000 lbs., 30 hands; Rock Diggings, Citadel, Lambert's, Austin's and Jones' Mines, 1,160,000 lbs., 180 hands. As late as 1824, owing to the distance to market and the difficulty of transportation, lead ore was sold at ^10 per thousand, yet the mines near Mine a Breton employed nearly 2000 men. At that time the lead was carried to Ste. Genevieve on horseback and in rude carts ; now a railroad penetrates the heart of the mining district, and the price of lead ranges ^32 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL from ^35 to $45 per thousand, yet not more than 500 men are regularly engaged here in mining. This falling off is due chiefly to the system of independent mining now in vogue, by which the miner works for himself, paying lo per cent, royalty on the ore taken out. As successful mining, sooner or later, requires the investment of capital, these miners are often compelled to abandon their "prospects" for want of money to develop them. The mining interests so overshadowed all others that for many years the county was not otherwise developed. Probably the first farms were laid out about 1800 in the valley of Bellevue, embracing the south- ern portion of the county, and gradually an agricultural population settled in the rich bottoms and uplands. The county was organized August 21st, 1813, from Ste. Genevieve District or County, and embraced a large extent of territory ; it was not reduced to its* present limits until 1857. In 1858 the St. L. & I. M. R. R. was built through the county, giving a fresh impetus to industrial enterprise, promoting immigration and infusing new life and energy every- where, t Physical Features. — The surface of the country is generally broken, but excepting the pine belt in the north-western part, nearly all of it is susceptible of cultivation, and a large part is choice farming land. Timber is abundant, consisting of black, white and red oak, yellow pine, hickory, ash, maple, walnut, cedar, etc. The uplands are well adapted to fruit-culture, especially to the apple, peach and grape, the latter growing wild and producing abundantly. Little Pilot Knob, the highest point in the county, and of some note as a land-mark, is located west of the center, and is about 1500 feet above the level of the Mississippi River. The county is well watered by innumerable springs and streams, the principal among the latter being Big River, Fourche a Courtois, Cedar Creek, Mineral Fork, Fourche a Bazil, Mill, Bates and Breton Creeks. There are many smaller streams, fed by never-failing springs, affording abundant water for all purposes and furnishing good water-power. The Agricultural Productions are such as are common to the State ; chiefly corn, wheat, oats and the small grains generally, besides tobacco, cotton, flax and all the garden vegetables, also the small fruits, especially grapes. The hilly portions are well adapted to fruit-culture and stock-raising. Mineral Resources. — Lead ore, though considered most common, is probably neither the most abundant nor the most valuable of the min- erals in the county. There are extensive beds of specular and hematite iron ore, and the silver-bearing quartz, discovered near Hopewell, has been assayed with gratifying results. Copper exists, and has been smelted in a rude furnace, in small quantities, however. Zinc ore, until recently considered worthless by the miners, crops out over a large area, and is WASHINGTON COUNTY. 633 found in boulders and ledges and also below the surface as far as lead has "been traced. Years ago Mr. Alex. Anderson recognized this ore, and purchasing several tracts of land, richly impregnated with it, manufactured in a furnace of his own construction, the first metallic zinc ever made west of the Mississippi River. In 1868 a zinc furnace was erected at Potosi, and its manufacture was commenced on an extensive scale. The furnace has since been removed to Carondelet, but the mining of this ore is one of the principal branches of industry and is constantly increasing in importance. The experiment of using charcoal in the reduction of zinc •ore and the manufacture of the oxide has been successfully tried and proved remunerative. Sulphate of baryta, or "tiff" as it is called here, is found in the greatest abundance ; it is extensively mined and shipped, and has become an article of considerable commercial value. The -county has an abundance of clays, chalk, black lead, fine building stone, marble, and a superior quality of stone for grindstones, millstones or tuhrs, besides several saltpetre and alum caves. For a fuller description •of the lead interests in this county see the general article on lead. The Manufacturing Interests consist of 15 saw-mills, 10 grist- imills, 3 tanneries, 12 lead furnaces and extensive iron and zinc works. ^Vealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^4,550,000.* Railroads. — The county is traversed by 22 miles of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern R. W., for the construction of which it :subscribed liberally, and after its completion the citizens of Potosi, being 4 miles from the main line, built a branch railroad from that place to Mineral Point, to intersect the main road. They completed it in 3 months, and celebrated its opening on July 4th, 1859. The county has no railroad debt. The Exports are lead, iron, zinc, live stock, lumber and heavy spar. The Educational Interests, since the adoption of the new school law, are in an improved condition. Public schools are established in nearly all of the sub-districts, but the buildings are poor. The school session, in the rural districts, is 4 months; in the towns, from 6 to 8 months each year. Bellevue Collegiate Institute, situated at Caledonia, is under the control of the M. E. Church South. There is also an academy at Irondale. Belgrade, on Big River, 9 miles w. s. w. of Potosi, is in the center of a fine farming country. Bellefontaine, a mining point about 2 miles w. of Cadet. Cadet, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 3 miles n. of Mineral Point, has a population of about 50. It is an important shipping point for iead, tiff, etc. Caledonia, 12 miles s. of Potosi, and 7 miles w. of Bismarck, was * Assessed valuation in 1873, {2,974,319. Taxation, $1.15 per {100. Floating debt, {9,000. 634 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL laid out in 1819, and is located in Bellevue Valley, a fine agricultural region, and surrounded by a beautiful range of wooded hills. The locality is healthful and the people intelligent and enterprising. Besides, the public schools, the place contains a college erected by private sub- scription and in successful operation, a tannery, a large grist and saw- mill, a wagon and carriage factory, 4 stores and 2 churches — Methodist and Presbyterian. Population, about 300. Fourche a Renault, a post-office 8 miles n. n. w. of Potosi. Harmony, (Webster,) 15 miles s. w. of Potosi, was laid out in 1830,. and is only important as a place of supply to the mines by which it is surrounded. The present proprietor of these mines proposes to construct a narrow gauge railroad from Potosi to this point, to facilitate the trans- portation of the lead, iron and lumber, and other products of that region. Population, about 50. Hopewell Furnace, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 5 miles s. e. of Mineral Point, was laid out in 1857 by the Hon. Jno. Evans. It has not grown rapidly, but is an important shipping point for lumber, lead, etc. Irondale, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 9 miles s. of Mineral Point, is located on Big River, and was laid out in 1857 by Hon. John G. Scott and others, who erected a large iron furnace, which, in power and capacity, is one of the best in the country. This is a steadily growing town in the center of a fine farming region, and adjoining rich mineral districts. It has 2 churches — Catholic and Protestant, a good public school, 6 stores and 2 hotels. Population, about 900. Kingston Furnace, 12 miles n. of Cadet, is the headquarters of the St. Louis Lead Mining Co. Lawson, a post-office on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 7 miles n. e. of Mineral Point. v Mineral Point, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., at the junction of the Potosi B'ch, 3)4 miles e. of Potosi, and 61 miles s. of St. Louis, was laid out by Mr. Evans and others in 1857, and contains 3 stores and 2 hotels. Population, about .100. Old Mines, 4^ miles w. n. w. of Cadet, is a straggling village on the banks of a creek of that name, 6 miles n. of Potosi. The mines at this point were worked as early as 1726, under Renault, who acted as agent for "the Company of the West." About 1804, it was settled under Augustus and Basil Valle and other miners, 31 in number, to each of whom was granted by Gov. Delassus a lot of 320 arpents, altogether constituting what is known as "The Old Mines Concession." This is fine mineral land, and a portion of it is covered with well-improved farms. POTOSI, the county seat, on the B'ch R. R., 3)^ miles w. of Min- eral Point, is located near the center of the county, on Breton Creek, and is surrounded by a group of beautiful hills, covered with a heavy WASHINGTON COUNTY. 635 growth of pine and oak trees, and covering rich deposits of minerals. It is one of the oldest towns in the State, having been settled about 1765, and was first called Mine a Breton, but in 1828 it was incorporated under the name it now bears. It has 6 churches — i Catholic, 2 Metho- odist, I Presbyterian and 2 Baptist, the latter for colored persons; i graded public school, i grist-mill, planing-mill and saw-mill, 13 stores and 2 hotels. In the immediate vicinity are several saw-mills and fur- naces. The old mansion known as "Durham Hall," erected as before stated, by Moses Austin in 1795, was burned in Dec. 1872, leaving noth- ing but the extensive stone foundation as a memenfo of the early history of Mine a Breton. Population, about 1,200. Rich woods, a post-office 16 miles n. w. of Cadet. Rock Spriixg, a post-office 20 miles n. w. of Potosi. Shibboleth, i^ miles n. w. of Cadet, formerly the residence of Col. John Smith, is a mining center, and contains a large brick -dwelling and I store erected, in 1823. "Walton Mills, a post-office 9 miles w. of Potosi. Webster. — See Harmony. WAYNE COUNTY, In the south-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Iron, Madison and Bollinger Counties, east by Bollinger and Stoddard, south by Stod- dard, Butler and Carter, and west by Carter, Reynolds and Iron Counties, and contains 459,784 acres. Population in 1820, 1,443; i^ 1830, 3,264; in 1840, 3,403; in 1850, 4,518; in i860, 5,629; in 1870, 6,068, of whom 6,001 were white, and 67 colored; 3,098 male, and 2,970 female ; 6,022 native (3,640 born in Missouri), and 46 foreign. History. — There is no record of the earliest settlement of this county, but the "Spanish Surveys" indicate that it was probably made while Spain held possession of Louisiana. The first settlers of whom we have any record, were Charles, David and Robert A. Logan, Francis Clark, Isaac E. Kelley, Joseph Parish, Thomas Ring, Ephraim Stout, Tillman Smith, Domitille DeHault, Joseph Doublewye, Joseph Caldwell, Chris- topher Harness, Andrew Reed, Edward Haythorn and Joseph Watkins, all of whom settled in the county about 1800, having obtained grants of land from the Spanish Government. William Street, who settled about this time on the St. Francis River, near the mouth of Cedar Creek, was the second Baptist minister west of the Mississippi River. He preached in the fort or block-house, one mile south of the present site of Fred- ericktown, Madison Co. In 1804, David Reese, Ezekiel Rubottom and Overton, Ransom and Elijah Bettis settled near the present site of Greenville. Among the oldest citizens now living are Jesse B. Wallis, James A. Atkins and James Kite, the first two .of whom probably came to the county about the autumn of 1830, the former from Tennessee, the latter from Virginia. James Kite arrived about 5 or 6 years later, and located 2^ miles south-east of Greenville, on the St. Francis River, Jesse B. Wallis settled on Big Creek, and James A. Atkins located at Green- ville, where he now resides, and is perhaps the oldest resident of the county. In those early times there were a great many Indians in these parts, but they appear to have lived on amicable terms with the white settlers. Wayne County was organized from Cape Girardeau, Dec. nth, 1818, and in 1820 its boundaries were thus defined : north by Gasconade, Wash- ington and Madison Counties, east by Cape Girardeau and New Madrid, south by the territory of Arkansas, and west by the western boundary of Missouri. From her vast extent she was familiarly known as the "State of Wayne," and since county after county has been taken from her ter- 638 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL ritory, she has been called "the Mother of Counties." The first court was held in 1819, either Judge Parish or Judge Thomas (probably the former, although authorities differ) presiding, Solomon R. Bolin, clerk, Carter, sheriff, and Jesse B. Wallis, deputy-sheriff. Owing to its remoteness from the river, and lack of railroad connection, the county grew slowly, until the building of the St. Louis & Iron Mountain R. R. gave some impetus to immigration, but even yet it is but thinly settled, and its mineral and agricultural resources but partially developed. The Civil War found but little division in sentiment among the people, the mass sympathizing with the Confederate cause. They learned something of the cost of war, however, in the summer of 1861, when Gen. Hardee (Confederate) and his command were stationed for 30 days at Greenville, and later, when the armies of Gens. Marmaduke and Price (Confederate), marching northward, swept over the county, depending upon the people for supplies. There was considerable sharp skirmishing in various parts of the county, chiefly between Capt. W. T. Leeper (Federal) and the celebrated Tim Reeves (Confederate) ; also between Col. Smith (Federal) and Gen. Marmaduke. There was besides more or less bushwhacking done, but on the whole, Wayne escaped the ravages of war better than many of her sister counties. Physical Features. — The general character of the surface is broken and hilly. The hills are covered with a heavy growth of yellow pine, but are generally worthless for cultivation. There is, besides, an abundance of good timber, comprising the different kinds of oak, beech, white and black walnut, black and sweet gum, cherry, poplar, sycamore, hickory, ash, white and red elm, hack- berry, honey locust and cedar, growing on the uplands and along the numerous streams. The county is well watered by the St. Francis, which flows from north to south through the central part, and its tributaries and sub-tributaries, Big, Camp, Clark, Lake and Otter Creeks on the west, and Cedar, Hughes and West Branch of Lost Creek on the east. The eastern portion is drained by Bear Creek and its branches \ the western by Black River and its tributaries, chief of which areBrushyand McKensie's Creeks. The soil on the hills and uplands is a composition of red and yellow clay, and on the river and creek bottoms an alluvial and sandy loam. Fully one-fourth of the county consists of fertile bottom lands ; about the same quantity is valuable only as timber lands, while the remainder is good arable upland, yielding satisfactory crops. Government Land in the county amounts to about 20,000 acres. There are numerous fine springs in the county, and water-power for mills and manufactories is furnished by Clark and Bear Creeks. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, etc. Probably no county in the State produces finer tobacco. Fruit, where- PVAVATE COUNTY. 639 €ver tried, succeeds admirably, though but little attention has yet been given to its culture. Mineral ResourceSo — Iron, copper, nickel and lead have been found; the first is supposed to exist in immense quantities. Several iron mines were opened in 1873, but as yet these sources of wealth are almost wholly undeveloped. The Manufacturing Interests consist mainly of saw-mills, of which there are now more than 20 in operation, which are making great inroads upon the extensive forests of yellow pine. Wealth.— Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $5,550,000.* Railroads.— The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern R. W., passes through the western part of the county from north to south, having about 32 miles of track. The Exports are wheat, corn, tobacco, stock and lumber. The Educational Interests are flourishing, public schools being established in all the sub-districts. Brunot, a p. o. 6 miles e. n. e. of Des Arc, has i store. Clearwater, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 4 miles s. of Piedmont, has a fine saw-mill, i store and i hotel. Coldwater on Cedar Creek, 15 miles e. of Des Arc, has i store, i card- ing-machine, i saw and grist-mill and 3 shops. Population, about 30. Gad's Hill, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 6 miles n. of Piedmont, has I store and a saw-mill. It is noted as the place where a train was recently stopped and plundered by ruffians. Gravelton, 12 miles s. s. w. of Marquand, Madison County, has 2 stores and 2 shops. Population, about 50. Grangerville, on Bear Creek, in the eastern part of the county, has I store. Population, about 50. GREENVILLE, the county seat, and the oldest town in the county, was laid out in 1 818. It is beautifully located on the east bank of the St. Francis River, 14 miles e. s. e. of Piedmont, and is in one of the most fertile valleys in south-eastern Missouri. During the late Civil War about one-half of the town was destroyed by fire. It contains i Masonic hall, 2 stores, i hotel and i newspaper. The Greenville Times, S. B. Sproule, editor and publisher. Population, about 300. Lowndes, a p. o. 14 miles e. n. e. of Greenville, has i store and i saw and grist-mill. Mill Spring.— See Otter Creek. Otter Creek, (Mill Spring,) on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 8 miles s. of Piedmont, has 3 stores, 2 hotels and i saw-mill. Population, about 250. Patterson, 9 miles e. n. e. of Piedmont, is beautifully situated in the midst of a fine farming country. It has i hotel and 3 stores, i school, i debClT^'l ''^"^"°" '" '^73,^1,389,586. Taxation, ^1.55 per J5I0O. Bonded debt, #26,000 ; floating 640 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL church — Presbyterian, O. S., and a population of about 150. The town was destroyed by fire during the Civil War, all but 2 houses. Piedmont, on the St. L, , I. M. & S. R. W. , 1 26 miles s. of St. Louis, is a growing town and an important shipping point. It has 1 2 stores, several shops, 3 private schools and 3 churches — M. E. Church South, Episcopal and Missionary Baptist, i planing, saw and grist mill, i tannery and i newspaper, Wayne Coimty Journal, H. B. Pease, editor. Population, about 700. Stephenson's Mill, on Otter Creek, 5 miles n. e. of Williamsville,. has I store, i grist and 2 saw mills. Population, about 50. "Williamsville, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 19 miles s. of Pied- mont, has I store, i hotel and a saw-mill. Population, about 100. WEBSTER COUNTY, In the south-western part of the State, is bounded north by Dallas and Laclede Counties, east by Wright, south by Douglas and Christian, and west by Green and Dallas Counties, and contains 380,160 acres. Population in i860, 7,099; in 1870, 10,434, of whom 10,186 were white, and 248 colored; 5,276 male and 5,158 female; 10,136 native (5,554 born in Missouri), and 298 foreign. History. — The first permanent settlement was made in 1830 by William T. Burford from Tennessee, who located where Marshfield now stands. The county was organized March 3d, 1855, from parts of Greene and Wright, when Mr. Burford laid off and donated the site of Marshfield, which became the seat of justice. Physical Features. — The Ozark Hills extend through the center of the county, and many of the small tributaries of the Gasconade pass from the center to the north-east, while those of the White River run in a south-western direction from the Ozark Ridge. The surface of the county is rather broken and mostly timbered, and consists of upland barrens, with some creek bottoms and prairie. Timber is still abund- ant, the varieties being chiefly oak and hickory. About one-third of the old timber has been cut in the last twenty years, the remainder, together with the second growth, is thought to be adequate for all purposes. The county is well watered and drained by rivers, creeks and springs. The Gasconade, James' Fork of White River, and Finley Creek, all have their source in the south-eastern part, but the first flows north-easterly and waters little of the county. James' Fork of White River waters the central part, and Dry and Panther Creeks flow west- wardly. North Bowen and South Bowen, Taggard and Bracker Creeks empty into the Osage Fork of Gasconade River. The last is a beautiful stream flowing from the center to the north-eastern part of the county. Bryant, Pine and Finley Creeks flow in a south- easterly direction through the lower part of the county. The Pomme de Terre has its source near Marshfield, as does also the Niangua ; the head spring of one fork being within the corporation. About 14 miles south-south-west of Marshfield, in the neighborhood of some mines known as Snake Lead Diggings, there is a lake of oval shape, covering an area of about 2 acres. This lake, curious in many respects, is on the top of a hill, and locked in by a sunken wall of limestone, about one hundred feet in height, or more properly depth, for the summit of the hill seems hollowed out and lined with this 642 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS OUR L limestone basin, whose walls stand perpendicularly, inclosing the lake solidly except on the west side, where a gap occurs that one can descend with the aid of two twenty-feet ladders. This mysterious lake has never been sounded. The crevices of the rocks surrounding the lake are filled with a substance resembling sperm, that burns like a candle, and in the basin are some old cedar logs, though no cedar grows nearer than 8 miles to this weird region, whose name of Devil's Den suggests sorcery to the superstitious. The mountain flats are covered with a heavy growth of post and black oak timber. The bottoms along the valleys of the streams are fertile, and are excellent for oats, grass and wheat, while the uplands, which comprise a large portion of the county, are well adapted to fruit-growing, particularly grapes. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats and hay; tobacco grows particularly well on the uplands, and is cultivated to considerable extent. All fruits common to the climate produce well. There are one or two nurseries in the county, and the culture of fruit is yearly receiving more attention. There are 40,000 acres of Government Land of rather poor quality in the county, and the A. & P. R. R. have about 80,000 acres of good land, which they offer for sale on liberal terms, at from $3 to $8 per acre.* The Mineral Resources are lead, iron and zinc, with some copper and sulphur. Lead mining is beginning to engage considerable attention, and there are several mines which yield lead in paying quantities, the principal of which are the Trusty and the Hazelwood — the first located about 7, and the other 12 miles s. e. of Marshfield. There are several other mines near Marshfield as yet only partially developed, but which promise well, and prospecting is going on with encouraging results. The Manufacturing Interests are confined to 8 flouring and 5 saw-mills, and the manufactories in Marshfield. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^3,ooo,ooo.f Railroads. — The Atlantic & Pacific Railroad has 25 miles of track in the county. The Exports are wheat, corn, tobacco, stock and lead ore. The Educational Interests are yearly increasing under the public school system, and one of the best buildings for the purpose in South- west Missouri is the High School at Marshfield, which cost $30,000. Mountain Dale Seminary, in the south-eastern part of the county, is a deservedly popular school. ♦The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St. Louis to the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix- . ■fAssessed valuation in 1873, Ji, 516,877. Taxation, $2 per ;^ioo. Bonded debt, {10,000. Floating debt, {5,000. Marshfield, municipal debt for school buildings, {25,000. WEBSTER COUNTY. 643 Alma, a post-office 11 miles n. e. of Marshfield. Bunker Hill, on the A. & P. R. R., 7 miles s. w. of Marshfield, contains i store and about 40 inhabitants. Dallas, a p. o. 12 miles s. w. of Marshfield. Duncan, a p. o. 13 miles e. s. e. of Marshfield. Elkland, a p. o. 14 miles n. w. of Marshfield. Hazelwood, a p. o. 12 miles s. e. of Marshfield. Henderson, 14 miles s. w. of Marshfield, has a church — Methodist, 2 stores, a mill, some shops, and 100 inhabitants. High Prairie, a p. o. 6 miles e. of Marshfield. MARSHFIELD, the county seat, on the A. & P. R. R., 217 miles from St. Louis, has a population of 1,200. This is the oldest place in the county, having been settled in 1830, but it grew very slowly until the opening of the railroad in 1870. It contains a Methodist church, costing ;^2,ooo, about 20 stores, i furniture manufactory, 2 wagon shops and i weekly newspaper, the Democrat, Rosser & Bigger, editors. Miteomah, a p. o. 5 miles n. e. of Marshfield. Mornington, a p. o. 14 miles s. of Marshfield. Niangua, a station on the A. & P. R. R., 6 m. n. e. of Marshfield. Norma, a p. o. 18 miles s. e. of Marshfield. St. Luke.— See St. Paul. St. Paul, (St. Luke,) a p. o. 7 miles n. of Marshfield. Sand Springs, a p. o. 8 miles n. w. of Marshfield. Sarvis Point; a p. o. 16 miles s. s. e. of Marshfield. Waldo, 14 miles s. e. of Marshfield, contains a Methodist church, 2 stores, t blacksmith shop, and about 150 inhabitants. White Oak Spring, 18 miles s. s. w. of Marshfield, contains a school-house, i store, and about 100 inhabitants. WORTH COUNTY, In the north-western part of the State, is bounded north by Iowa, east by Harrison County, south by Gentry, and west by Nodaway County, and contains 174,720 acres. Population in 1870, 5,004, all of whom were white; 2,593 ™a^e and 2,411 /emale; 4,909 native (2,004 born in Missouri), and 98 foreign. History. — The first settlement in what is now Worth County, was made in 1840, by Lott, who located at Lott's Grove, in the north- eastern part of the county. In 1844, John Fletchall, Peter Vasser, Adam Black, Freeman O. Smith and Daniel Cox (all from Platte County,) settled here. A small remnant of the Musquakie tribe of Indians were then here, and remained until 1853, when they left for their reservation in Iowa. At the time of these settlements this was a part of Clinton, and afterward of Gentry County until February 8th, 1861, when Worth County was organized. The first settlers experienced all the hardships and privations incident to pioneer life. They had neither mills nor stores, and their staple articles of food were hominy and wild meat. The rich soil yielded an abundant crop of corn, and the unerring rifle of the hunter provided the meat. Upon occasions of ceremony, the old-fashioned prater was brought into service, and hominy was supplanted by the corn dodger. The population of the county was sparse until about 1854-5. At that time the Government Lands were thrown into the market and immigration immediately commenced, and has been steadily kept up ever since. The people are of the best character, and as thrifty, orderly, quiet and law-* abiding as the settlements of the older States. No wild speculations have ever injured the county, but its citizens have industriously accumu- lated wealth from the fertile soil. Physical Features. — The face of the country is beautifully undulat- ing and the prairies stretch out in gentle, regular slopes, sufficiently rolling to afford complete natural drainage. The soil is singularly exempt from the effects of either drouth or continuous rains and is unsurpassed as regards fertility, as is amply shown in the luxuriant growth of the native grasses and other vegetation. The upland prairies produce immense crops of grass and thousands of cattle are annually herded and fattened for market without the use of any other food. The river valleys are alluvial deposits, very productive and easily cultivated. About one-fifth of the county is CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 646 timbered with oak, walnut and hickory, while the rivers and smaller streams are lined with a heavy growth of cottonwood, linn, elm, maple and ash, thus furnishing an abundant supply of fuel, fencing and building material so admirably distributed, that every farm is within convenient distance of choice timber. Good, pure water is abundant. The three main forks of Grand River, and the Platte River traverse the entire length of the county from north to south, and with their numerous tributaries supply water in unlimited quantities, and furnish water-power sufficient for ordinary manufacturing purposes. Agricultural Productions. — The great staple crops of the West — wheat, corn, oats and rye form the bulk of the products of this county, and are so successfully and profitably raised that the majority of the far- mers have not attempted other crops. Within a io^f years, however, experiments have been made in the cul- ture of tobacco, flax and hemp, with the most satisfactory results, and probably these products will in the future form a part of the annual exports. Clovers and cultivated grasses yield large crops and are being widely sown. Fruits of all kinds are raised easily and abundantly. The very promising young apple and peach orchards, just begin ing to bear, will be a source of great profit to those who have had the sagacity to plant and the energy to cultivate them. Pears, plums and small fruits generally, find here all the conditions favorable to their profitable growth. Grapes are produced with such ease that many of the farmers have planted large vineyards, and an- nually export large quantities to less favored localities. The heavy profit derived from the cultivation of the grape is inducing an increased plant- ing ; and the income from the vineyard will be one of the most prominent sources of wealth. Mineral Resources. — But little if any effort has been made to develop the minerals of this county. The whole county is underlaid with coal, but the abundant supply of wood for fuel has prevented its mining. Excellent limestone, for building or lime-making, is found throughout the county, — in some localities on or near the surface, and at others at a slight depth. Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^i, 600,000.* Manufacturing Interests. — Therearein the county 5 flouring-mills, several saw-mills, i pottery, 2 carding machines, and several furniture manufactories. Brick, of a superior quality, is also made. The Exports are principally horses, cattle and hogs ; of the latter about 18,500 annually. Lately the exportation of large quantities of ♦Assessed valuatioirin 1873, $1,222,279. Taxation for all purposes, $2.25 per $100. The county is free from debt. Its bridges, school-houses and county buildings are built and paid for. WORTH COUNTY. 647 poultry for the California and Oregon markets, has made an addition to the profits of the farm, worthy of mention. The Educational Interests receive attention commensurate with their importance. There are 52 sub-districts in the county, each of which is provided with a comfortable building. The fund for the sup- port of these schools amounts to over $^6,000. Allendale, 6 miles e. of Grant City, and located in one of the best parts of the county, is on the highway leading from St. Joseph to Mt. Ayr, in Iowa, and has excellent facilities for trade. It has 7 business houses, 2 hotels and an excellent high school. Population about 300. Denver, (formerly Fairview,) the oldest town in the county, 9 miles s. e. of Grant City, and on the East Fork of Grand River, is flanked on the south-east and north by fine bodies of timber, and the prairie on the west is one of the best tracts of farming land in the county. It has 2 flouring-mills, i carding machine, i pottery, 5 stores, and 2 church buildings, which are used by the various religious denominations. Popu- lation about 300. Fairview. — See Denver. GRANT CITY, the county seat, situated near the center of the county, 24 miles south-east from Hopkin's Station, on the Chicago Branch of the K. Cj.St, J. & C. B. R. R., is built on elevated ground, and com- mands a magnificent view of the surrounding country for miles in every direction. It is abundantly supplied with pure water, fuel is plenty and cheap, the location is healthy, and in consequence of the rapidity with which the country is being settled and improved, it is rapidly taking its position as an equal of the neighboring county seats. The first house was erected in 1864, now it has 9 general stores, 2 of which sell drugs, i banking, real estate and collecting office — Munn & Farwell, i wagon and plow manufac- tory, I lumber yard, i saddle and harness manufactory, i tin shop, 2 ex- cellent hotels, a good school-house, 2 churches — United Brethren and Bap- tist, 2 weekly newspapers — the Gra?it City Star (Re^\ih\\c2in),]diS. M. Pierce, Esq., editor and publisher, and the Worth County T/V/^j (Democratic), published by Davidson, McCord & Co., and edited by Simeon Davidson and John C. Dawson. A neat and commodious court-house stands in a beautiful public park, and overlooks the greater part of the county. There is no jail, no poor-house, and not a saloon in the county, and no use for any of these institutions. Honey Grove, a post-office 5 miles n. of Grant City. Hudson City, a post-office 12 miles n. e. of Grant City. Isadora, 7 miles n. w. of Grant City, on the West Fork of Grand River, has on the south, east and north a splendid grove of heavy white oak timber, and on the west the fine farms of the Grand River Valley. It has a flouring-mill, a saw-mill, a carding machine, 2 general stores, 648 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL several shops, and a neat school-house, which is used for religious wor- ship. Population 150. Oxford, located on the West Fork of Grand River, about 9 miles s. w. of Grant City, contains 4 business houses, i hotel, 1 flouring-mill and I saw-mill. Population about 150. Winemiller's Mills, although not a town, is a point of considerable importance, and is destined to become a prominent business place. It is located on Platte River, about 1 1 miles n. w. of Grant City, and has a fine water power, capable of running any machinery that may be required for manufacturing purposes. There is, also, a general store and post-office at this point. Worth, a post-office 12 miles w. of Grant City. WRIGHT COUNTY, In the southern part of the State, is bounded on the north by Laclede County, east by Texas, south by Douglas and west by Webster, and con- tains 414,720 acres. Population in 1850, 3,387; in i860, 4,508; in 1870, 5,684, of whom 5,658 were white, and 26 colored; 2,932 male, and 2,752 female; 5,613 native (2,991 born in Missouri), and 71 foreign. History. — The county was organized January 29th, 1841, and named for Silas Wright, of New York. The first settlements were made in 1832, at which time 16 persons located here. Physical Features. — The surface of the country is hilly and broken. The soil is very fertile in the valleys, and good on a large part of the uplands. Wright is capable of supporting a large agricultural population, and in this respect is not inferior to any county in southern Missouri. The Ozark Range passes from east to west through the southern part of the county, and some of the hills attain an elevation of from 400 to 500 feet above the valleys. It is drained by the head waters of the Gascon- ade River, and Beaver, Dove, Whetstone, Clark, Wolf and Elk Creeks, and Wood's Fork of the Gasconade, and numerous other branches which swell the Gasconade into quite a large jstream. Along its banks the scenery is wild and picturesque ; the hills, which are precipitous, are covered with a heavy growth of fine oak and other timber. The whole county is well timbered with oak, sycamore, walnut, cherry, etc. All the larger streams abound in fish, and game being abundant, this section maybe called the sportsman's paradise. Fine springs are found in various places, furnishing excellent water power, as does also the Gascon- ade. Mint Spring, about 5 miles n. e. of Hartville, is supposed to possess medicinal properties, and Ming Springs might be utilized as a water power. The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, rye, oats, tobacco and cotton. Fruits have not yet received the attention they deserve, for the climate and soil are admirably adapted to certain varieties, especially the grape, and the hillsides now considered worthless, need but to be properly cultivated to yield a rich return. The mildness of the climate and the abundance of the wild grasses make stock-raising easy and profitable. The A. & P. R. R. have some land in the county for sale at ^5 per acre on liberal terms.* ♦The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, pf purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be paid, with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St Louis to the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix- 650 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Mineral Resources. — Lead has been discovered, and is now being- mined in the south-eastern part of the county. Indications of iron have also been observed. Good building stone is abundant. The Manufacturing Interests are undeveloped, and consist only of a few saw and grist-mills. ^A^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $1,700,000.* The Exports are stock, corn, wheat and rye. Educational Interests. — More attention is being given to the public schools, but there is still great room for improvement. Astoria, a p. o. 17 miles n. e. of Hartville. Grove Springs, a p. o. 15 miles n. w. of Hartville. HARTVILLE, the county seat, situated near the center of the county, on Wood's Fork of the Gasconade, 25 miles e. s. e. of Marsh- field, was almost obliterated by the Civil War, but is being rapidly rebuilt by a new population. It contains 9 stores, i hotel, and i flouring and saw-mill. Population about 400. Hickory Springs, (Mountain Grove,) 21 miles s. e. of Hartville, contains several stores, a grist-mill, etc. Population, about 150. Melville, a p. o. 22 miles n. e. of Hartville. Mingsville, a p. o. 20 miles n. n. e. of Hartville. Pleasant Valley, 10 miles s. w. of Hartville, contasns i store. Sacramento, a p. o. 10 miles n. e. of Hartville. Sunny Side, a p. o. 16 miles n. n. e. of Hartville. "Whetstone, a p. o. 12 miles s. e. of Hartville. ^A(^olf Creek, a p. o. 10 miles s. of Hartville. Wood's Fork, 9 miles w. n. w. of Hartville, contains i store and I flouring-mill. 'Assessed valuation for 1873, l*>^4>434- Taxation, $1.28 per ^zoo. Bonded debt, $3,750. Floating debt, $3,800. TOPOGRAPHY. By Capt. J. P. Cadman, A. M., St. Louis. Boundary and Geographical Position. — The State of Missouri (with the exception of a small projection between the St. Francis and the Mis- sissippi Rivers which extends to 36°) lies between the parallels of 36° 30' and 40° 30' north latitude, and between 12° 2' and 18° 51' longitude west from Washington. It is bounded on the north by the State of Iowa, from which it is separated for about 30 miles on the north-east by the Des Moines River ; on the east by the Mississippi River, that sepa- rates it from the States of Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee ; on the south by the State of Arkansas ; and on the west by the Indian Territory and the States of Kansas and Nebraska. The extreme width of Missouri, east and west, is about 348 miles ; its width on its northern boundary, measured from its north-west corner along the Iowa State Line to its intersection of the Des Moines River, is about 210 miles; its width on its southern boundary is about 288 miles, its average width is about 235 miles, which is nearly the length of a line run due west from St. Louis to the Kansas State border. The length of Missouri, north and south, not including the narrow strip between the St. Francis and Mississippi Rivers, that extends south from the main body of the State 34 miles, is about 282 miles. The longest straight line that can be run in the State is from its extreme north-west corner to its south-east corner, a distance of about 450 miles. The distance from the north-east corner of the State to its south-west corner is about 320 miles. Area. — ^The area of Missouri is 65,350 square miles, or 41,824,000 acres, being about 2.28 per cent, of the total territory of the United States, exclusive of Alaska. It is larger than any State east of, or bor- dering on, the Mississippi River, except Minnesota. In size, Missouri is the eighth State in the Union, the States that exceed it in area being as follows: Texas, 274,356 square miles; California, 188,981; Nevada, 104,125; Oregon, 95,274; Minnesota, 83,530; Kansas, 81,318; and Nebraska, 75,995. Missouri is nearly equal in area to the three States of Illinois, Massachusetts and Connecticut, whose areas are respectively as follows: 55,410; 7,800; and 4>75o square miles. Missouri is a third larger than England, and is equal in size to the combined areas of Denmark, Holland, Belgium and Switzerland. Face of the Country. — This State is divided by the Missouri River into two distinct parts, each marked by different physical characteristics. 652 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL That part of the State lying north of the Missouri River is less broken and hilly than most of that lying south of it, and exhibits a desirable medium between a mountainous and level country. There is an excellent diversity of prairie and timber land, well watered by numer- ous streams whose uniform course is south or south-east, emptying into tfrie Missouri or Mississippi Rivers. The following topography of the coal measures, which embrace the western and northern four-tenths of the State, is given by Hon. G. C. Broadhead, in the Geological Report of 1872 : "The general surface of a country is governed by the constituents of the underlying rock formations. Where they consist mostly of lime- stones which approach near the surface, we find a rugged tract of country. Where sandstones prevail, the slopes are more gentle. When clays or shales exist, we have flat land. Alternations of these will present com- binations of the foregoing. The coal measures include varieties of all these, and generally alternately arranged. The thickest entire limestone group is 30 feet, with shales above and below ; so, of course, our area of broken land is limited. The thickest groups of limestone occur in the lower part of the upper coal measures. Along the line of their out- crops may be occasionally seen rugged and steep hillsides, which char- acteristics may be observed from Cass County on the south, through Jackson, Platte, Clay, Ray, Caldwell, Daviess, Gentry, Worth and Harrison, Higher in the series are thick shale formations, as seen at Weston and St. Joseph. The country northward is flat and rolling, as we find through Gentry and Worth, Platte, Buchanan and De Kalb. Above these are alternations of thick and thin strata of limestone, with sandstones, shales and clays, and the resultant is the undulating and rolling portions of north-west Missouri, lying near and extending west from Platte River. The bluffs of the Missouri, in the region of the upper coal measures, attain an elevation of from 250 to 330 feet above the bottom land, and the elevation of the highest ridges inland is but little, if any more. The summits of the highest ridges in Nodaway County, above One Hundred And Two and Platte Rivers, are but little over 200 feet, and none of the adjacent bluffs exceed 50 feet in height; the same may be also said of Nodaway River, except near where it joins the Missouri Bluffs, where they measure 250 feet. On North Grand River the immediate bluffs measure from 30 to 120 feet, within the upper coal district. As we descend, the hills recede. Near the base of the upper coal series it is often 200 to 250 feet from the valleys to the top of remote ridges. Lower down, in the middle coal series, we have a great thickness of sandstones and shales, with long and very gentle slopes, and the bluffs near streams from 25 to 50 feet high, rising to 100 feet at a half mile to a mile distant. We also observe another charac- teristic near the junction of the upper and middle measures. The upper TOPO GRAPH Y. 65 3 sandstones, 100 or more feet in thickness, have been mostly denuded, leaving isolated mounds of sandstone, capped by lower limestones, of the upper coal measures. They are generally 80 to 100 feet above the general surface of the lower plains. This enables us to trace out the boundaries between the upper and middle coal series very readily. The mounds near Harrisonville, Cass County, reach to the top of the middle coal series, as also Center Knob and knobs north in Johnson County, and Wagon Knob in Lafayette County, and are generally capped with limestones, which occupy the base of the upper coal series. In Lafayette County we have a remarkable ridge coming in from the south-west and extending northwardly, just west of the line between ranges 27 and 28, including a width of about i mile. Grady's Knob, although separated from the main ridge, occupies the northern terminus of it. It is generally capped with limestone, but sometimes the limestone has been broken up and worn away, leaving exposed the underlying sand- stone. The denudation on the east side is apparently not so much as on the west, but on the west the erosion has been very great, extending to a depth of at least about 100 feet with a width of over 12 miles. This tract includes the beautiful Greenton Valley, Texas Prairie and Sniabar Valleys. The various branches of the Sniabar have also cut their channels through this valley to a depth of from 40 to 100 feet. Along the Missouri River, in the vicinity of the middle series, the bluffs do not attain the height found in the upper series. They vary in height from 100 to 165 feet. In the lower part of the middle coal measures, we again observe the phenomena of mounds capped with limestone, the base of the mounds extending into the lower measures. We here find evidences of a great denudation, for the mounds are frequently over 100 feet in height, sloping with a long and gentle descent, blending into the wide-stretching intervening plains. This is the case along the west line of Missouri from Fort Scott to Cass County; others occur along the border of Bates and Vernon, and occasionally in Henry. A range of mounds passes north-east from near Clinton to the north-east part of Henry County, and from thence, at intervals northwardly in the east part of Johnson County. The lower coal measures being mainly composed of sandstones and shales with but few limestone beds, we find the country correspondingly flat. The bluffs along the streams are not often over 50 feet in height, and blend into the higher land by gentle slopes. The southern portion of Missouri, includ- ing the Ozark Ridge and most of the State south of the Missouri and Osage Rivers, excepting the 2 western tiers of counties, is elevated from 1,000 to 1,400 feet above the sea, and includes only lower silurian rocks, flanked by lower carboniferous. On the west flank near the State Line, the country is not often over 800 feet above the sea. On the west and north flank of this high land the coal measures commence. On the south side of the Missouri River we find the middle and lower coal not 654 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL. over 800 or 900 feet above the sea. In North Missouri the same forma- tions are about 800 to 1,000 feet above the sea. The elevation of the eastern and southern outcrop of the upper coal measures near the base is 875 to 990 feet. Toward the north-west part of the State the upper measures are more elevated, and may reach from 1,000 to 1,100 feet above the sea."* Nearly all that portion of the State lying south of the Missouri River is affected in its physical features by the Ozark Range, and the various ridges that branch from it. This important range of hills is probably a part of that ridge which starts at Long's Peak and passes through Kansas, entering Missouri in Jasper County, and then, traversing the State in a course slightly north of east, passes into Illinois at Grand Tower, and thence into Kentucky opposite Golconda, and finally it merges itself into the Cumberland Mountains. While in Kansas, this ridge divides, and its northern branch passes into Missouri in Cass County, and soon disappears near the head waters of LaMine. The southern or main branch of this ridge, which, as we have seen, forms the Ozark Range, is the divide between the waters of the Missouri River on its northern slope, and those of the Mississippi on its southern ; and in its course through the State it is marked by different characteristics. From Jasper County on the west, until nearly three-fourths of the distance across the State, the Ozarks broaden out with a wide arable summit, and are best described as a series of high table lands, possessing none of the essential character- istics of a range of mountains. Their elevation above the Mississippi River at St. Louis, varies from 500 to 1,500 feet, the highest points being found in Greene County. In the eastern part of Missouri, particularly in the vicinity of Iron and adjoining counties, the ridges are narrow, irregular and precipitous, and often abound in isolated hills from 400 to 850 feet high. The rich alluvial bottom lands of the Missouri and Mississippi are confined to narrow strips, (varying in width from a few feet to several miles), between the present channels of those rivers and the bluffs that line their sides. Only a very small portion of these bottoms above Cape Girardeau are subject to overflow. Below Cape Girardeau, these bottom lands become very much more extensive, and embrace several counties, a limited portion of whose area is swampy and subject to overflow, and until drained, of which the greater part is believed to be susceptible, is unfit for cultivation. Caves. — There are several very interesting and quite remarkable caves in the State, for a description of which, the reader is referred to the articles on the various counties in which they are located. *For more detailed description of the coal fields, their topography and development, see Physical Features and Mineral Resources of the difierent counties. For exact location of the mines see Campbell's Atlas of Missouri. TOPOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS. 655 Rivers. — Two of the largest rivers in the United States, if not in the world, give Missouri the benefits of their navigation. The Mississippi River flows along the eastern border of the State for a distance (includ- ing its windings) of nearly 540 miles. The Missouri River courses along nearly one-half of the western border of the State, separating it from Nebraska and Kansas for a distance of about 250 miles, and then bears off in a direction a little south of east for 436 miles farther, until it reaches its confluence with the Mississippi River. Both of these rivers are navigable by large steamers far beyond the limits of the State. The principal tributaries which the Missouri River receives within the State, are the following : Nishnabotna, Big Tarkio, Nodaway, One Hun- dred And Two, Platte, Grand and Chariton Rivers, and Cedar Creek and Loutre River from the north ; and the Blue, Big Sniabar, LaMine, Osage and Gasconade from the south. The principal tributaries of the Mississippi River within the State are Fox, North and South Fabius, North, Salt and Cuivre Rivers from the north-west, and Maramec River, Establishment, Saline and Apple Creeks, south of the Missouri River. The Little, St. Francis, Black, Current, Eleven Points, Big North Fork of White and White Rivers drain the southern part of the State and flow into Arkansas. Elk and Spring Rivers flow west into Indian Territory and Kansas. For more detailed topography, see headings of Physical Features, in the articles on each county. STATISTICS. Compiled from the U. S. Census of 1870. Agriculture. — Number of farms in Missouri in 1870, 148,328; of which 691 had under 3 acres; 10,113 ^^d 3 and under lo acres; 17,431 had 10 and under 20; 55,988 had 20 and under 50; 38,595 had 50 and under 100; 24,898 had 100 and under 500; 514 had 500 and under 1,000; and 98 had 1,000 or over. There were 21,707,220 acres of land in farms, of which 9,130,615 acres were improved and 12,576,605 acres were unimproved. The average size of farms was 146 acres. The value of farms was ^392,908,047, and of farming imple- ments and machinery $15,596,426. Live stock on farms was as follows: total value, $84,285,273; number of horses, 493,969 ; mules and asses, 111,502; milch cows, 398,515; working oxen, 65,825; other cattle, 689*355 J sheep, 1,352,001 ; and swine, 2,306,430. Number of horses not on farms, 51,853; total number of horses in the States, 545,822. Number of neat cattle on farms, 1,153,695; not on farms, 115,370; total number of neat cattle, 1,269,065, Dairy products for census 6s6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL year of 1870 were as follows: 14,455,825 lbs. of butter, 204,090 !bs. of cheese, and 857,704 gallons of milk (sold). Other productions were as follows (in bushels): spring wheat, 1,093,905; winter wheat, 13,222,021; rye, 559^532, Indian corn, 66,034,075; oats, 16,578,- 313; barley, 269,240; buckwheat, 36,252; tobacco, 12,320,483 lbs.; cotton, 1,246 bales; wool, 3,649,390 lbs.; peas and beans, 43,986 bushels; Irish potatoes, 4,238,361 bushels; sweet potatoes, 241,253 bushels; wine, 326,173 gallons; hay, 615,611 tons; sorghum molasses, 1,730,171 gallons; maple moiasses; 16,317 gallons; and honey, 1,156,-- 444 lbs. Area, Families and Dwellings. — Number of square miles, 65,350; number of persons to the square mile 26.34 ; number of families 316,917 ; number of persons to a family, 5.43; number of dwellings, 292,769; number of persons to a dwelling, 5.87. Blind. — The total number of blind persons in the United States in 1870 was 20,320 (11,343 male and 8,977 female). The total num- ber of blind in Missouri was 904 (503 male and 401 female); of whom 457 were white males and 340 white females; 46 were colored males and 61 colored females; 317 (136 white males and 140 white females; 21 colored males and 20 colored females) born in Missouri and living in the State; 462 born in other States and living in Missouri; 125 foreign born, and 82 born in Missouri and living in other States. Churches. — For statistics, see article on Religious Denominations. Deaf and Dumb. — The total number of deaf and dumb persons in the United States in 1870 was 16,205 (8>9i6 male and 7,289 females). The total number of deaf and dumb in Missouri was 790, (389 male and 401 female), of whom ^i^d were white males and 385 were white females; 23 colored males and 16 colored females; 484 (205 white males, 247 white females; 21 colored males, 11 colored female) born in Missouri and living in the State; 254 born in other States and living in Missouri; 52 foreign born, and 85 born in Mis- souri and living in other States. Education. — For statistics, see article on Education. Idiotic. — The total number of idiotic persons in the United States in 1870 was 24,527 (14,485 male and 10,042 female). The total num- ber of idiotic persons in Missouri was 779 (442 male and 337 female), of whom 396 were white males and 303 white females, 32 black males and 30 black females, 13 mulatto males and 4 mulatto females ; 401 (194 white males, 152 white females, and 31 colored males and 24 colored females) born in Missouri and living in the State ; 314 born In other States and living in Missouri ; 64 foreign born, and loi born in Missouri and living in other States. There were in Missouri in 1870, 8 persons (3 male and 5 female) who were blind, and also deaf and dumb ; 7 (6 male and i female) who were STATISTICS. 657 blind and also insane; 13 (9 male and 4 female) who were blind and also idiotic; n (5 male and 6 female) who were deaf and dumb, and also insane ; and 9 (4 male and 5 female) who were deaf and dumb, and also idiotic. Insane. — The total number of insane persons in the United States in 1870 was 37,432 (18,219 male and 19,213 female). The total number of insane in Missouri was 1,263 (^^^ male and 647 female) ; of whom 599 were white males and 618 white females; 17 colored males and 29 colored females; 342 (183 white males, 140 white females, and 8 colored males and 1 1 colored females) born in Missouri and living in the State ; 489 born in other States and living in Mis- souri ; 432 foreign born, and 99 born in Missouri and living in other States. Libraries. — The number of all classes in 1870 was 5,645, containing 1,065,638 volumes, of which 3,903 were private libraries, containing 566,642 volumes; 1742 containing 498,996 volumes were other than private, of which i was a Government library, containing 12,000 volumes ; II were town, city, etc., libraries, containing 8,097 volumes; 125 were court and law libraries, containing 35,104 volumes; 50 were school, college, etc., libraries, containing 44,825 volumes; 1,526 were Sabbath- school and church libraries, containing 285,338 volumes, and 28 were circulating libraries, containing 112,450 volumes. Manufactures. — Number of industrial establishments, 11,871; steam engines, 1,638; water wheels, 388; employing 65,354 persons (55,904 male, 3,884 female and 5,566 youth); capital employed, ;^8o,257,244; wages paid, 1^31,055,445; value of material, $115,533,269; and pro- ducts, $206,213,429. The leading industries were as follows, expressed in dollars : Agricul- tural implements, capital, 791,435; products, 1,588,108; bags, capital, 536,000, products, 5,112,250; blacksmithing, capital, 849,555, products, 2,257,211; boots and shoes, capital, 1,065,994, products, 4,099,552; bread, crackers, and other bakery products, capital, 697,615, products, 3,160,053; brick, capital, 1,198,451, products, 3,148,884; bridge- building, capital, 1,515,100, products, 2,072,620; carpentering and build- ing, capital, 1,796,665, products, 15,561,086; carriages and wagons, capital, 1,594,679, products, 3,253,734; cars — freight and passenger, capital, 660,000, products, 2,200,150; mens' clothing, capital, 2,298,025, products, 7,271,962; flouring and grist mill products, capital, 8,913,842, products, 31,837,352; furniture, including chairs, capital, 2,669,630, products, 3,815,749; gas, capital, 2,153,350, products, 1,495,440; iron, forged and rolled, capital, 1,007,143, products, 1,455,000; pig iron, capital, 1,914,000, products, 2,991,618; iron castings (not specified), capital, 321,000, products, 1,182,255; iron stoves, heaters and hollow ware, capital, 2,787,500, products, 2,981,350; liquors, distilled, capital, 413,400, products, 917,450; liquors, malt, capital, 4,631,050, products, 658 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 6,519,548; liquors, vinous, capital, 680,875, products, 934,442; lumber, sawed, capital, 3,241,670, products, 6,363,112; machinery, steam-engines and boilers, capital, 2,079,900, products, 3,825,100; pork, capital, 4,042,000, products, 13,621,995; molasses and sugar, refined, capital, 2,000,000, products, 4,135,250; animal oil, capital, 525,000, products, 4,100,000; painting, capital, 314,450, products, 1,556,706; paints (not specified) capital, 987,500, products, 2,090,850; patent medicines, capital, 1,049,000, products, 2,073,875; printing and publishing (not specified), capital, 1,797,500, products, 3,837,250; saddlery and harness, capital, 2,025,164, products, 5,424,635; sash, door and blinds, capital, 1,185,000, products, 2,563,416; tin, copper and sheet-iron ware, capital, 1,240,405, products, 2,945,460; chewing, snufifing and smoking tobacco, capital, 2,444,700, products, 8,356,511; and cigars, capital, 586,660, products, 2,059,093, Newspapers. — The number of all classes in 1870 was 279, annually issuing 47,980,422 copies, with an aggregate circulation of 522,866 copies. There were 21 daily newspapers, circulating an aggregate of 86,555 copies; 5 tri-weeklies, circulating an aggregate of 13,800 copies; 225 weeklies, circulating an aggregate of 342,361 copies; 3 semi-month- lies, circulating an aggregate of 22,000 copies; 23 monthlies, circulating 53,650 copies; 5 bi-monthly, circulating 1,500 copies, and i quarterly, circulating 3,000 copies. Occupations. — Number of persons in Missouri in 1870 over 10 years of age, 1,205,568 (632,179 male and 373,389 female), of whom 505,556 (466,845 male and 38,711 female), were engaged in some occu- pation ; of these 263, 91S (262,595 niale and 1,323 female) were engaged in agriculture; 106,903 (75,079 male and 31,824 female) in professional and personal services; 54,885 (54,583 male and 302 female) in trade and transportation, and 79,850 (74,588 male and 5,262 female) in manufac- tures and mechanical and mining industries. Among those enumerated above as engaged in agriculture, 86,807 were agricultural laborers ; 11 apiarists; 385 dairymen and dairywomen ; 53 farm overseers; 174,961 farmers ; 14 florists ; 1,271 gardeners and nurserymen ; 187 stock drovers ; 47 stock herders; 18 stock raisers, and 164 vine growers. Among those enumerated above as engaged in professional and personal services, were 134 actors; 132 architects; 863 boarding and lodging house keepers; 1,739 clergymen; 271 dentists; 29,338 domestic servants; 1,799 employees of hotels and restaurants (not clerks); 259 civil engineers; 744 hotel keepers, 262 journalists, 47,462 laborers (not specified), 120 land airveyors, 3,371 launderers and laundresses, 3,452 lawyers, 448 livery stable keepers, 239 nurses, 3,560 physicians and surgeons, 1,879 restau- rant keepers, and 4,421 teachers of various kinds. Among those enumerated above as engaged in trade and transportation, were 458 bankers and brokers of money and stocks, 10,412 clerks and book keepers STATISTICS. 659 in stores, banks, express companies and insurance, railroad and telegraph offices, 196 commercial travelers, 6,390 draymen, hackmen, teamsters, etc., 1,594 laborers, and 15,445 traders and dealers in books, dry goods, groceries, musical instruments, etc. Among those enumerated above as engaged in manufactures, mechanical and mining industries, were 1,104 bakers, 5,661 blacksmiths, 3,739 were boot and shoe makers, 723 brewers and maltsters, 1,290 brick and tile makers, 1,981 butchers, 1,255 cabinet makers, 11,737 carpenters and joiners, 1,836 carriage and wagon makers, 1,945 coopers, 257 daguerreotypists and photo- graphers, ^6 distillers and rectifyers, 1,519 engineers and firemen, 1,883 harness and saddle makers, 726 machinists, 1,324 marble and stone cutters, 3,671 brick and stone masons, 2,209 millers, 1,751 milliners and dress-makers, 2,631 miners, 3,226 painters and varnishers, 1,622 plasterers, 1,844 printers; 5,243 tailors, tailoresses and seamstresses, and 1,202 tinners. Population of Missouri in 1810 (Territorial) 20,845 ■> i^ ^^^o (Territorial) 66,557; in 1830 140,455; in 1840 383,702; in 1850 682,044; in i860, 1,182,012, of whom 1,603,146 were white, 118,503 colored, (3,572 free and 114,931 slave) and 20 Indian; in 1870, 1,721,295, of whom 896,347 were males and 824,948 were females; 1,603,146 white, and 118,071 colored; 3 Chinese and 75 civilized Indi- ans; 1,499,028 native, of whom 5,243 were born in Alabama, 10,964 in Arkansas, 707 in California, 2,070 in Connecticut, 1,132 in Delaware, 176 in Florida, 3,845 in Georgia, 72,623 in Illinois, 51,301 in Indiana, 22,456 in Iowa, 4,940 in Kansas, 102,861 in Kentucky, 4,045 in Louisi- ana, 2,316 in Maine, 7,619 in Maryland, 5,731 in Massachusetts, 4j57o in Michigan, 1,127 in Minnesota, 3,484 in Mississippi, 874,006 in Missouri, 1,225 in Nebraska, 33 in Nevada, 1,384 in New Hampshire, 3,200 in New Jersey, 31,805 in New York, 18,755 i^ North Carolina, 76,062 in Ohio, 96 in Oregon, 35,384 in Pennsylvania, 644 in Rhode Island, 2,851 in South Carolina, 70,212 in Tennessee, 3,387 in Texas, 2,961 in Vermont, 51,306 in Virginia and West Virginia, 6,282 in Wis- consin, 1,232 in the Territories, and 991 not stated and at sea under the United States flag. The total foreign born population in 1870 was 222,267; the number having one or both parents foreign was 465,125 ; having foreign father, 453,264; having foreign mother, 428,770; having foreign father and foreign mother, 416,909. Of the foreign born popu- lation 1,493 '^^''^ hoxn in Austria, 536 in Belgium, 3,517 in Bohemia, 3,448 in British America, 4 in China, 665 in Denmark, 6,293 ^^ France, 113,618 in Germany, 74,141 in Great Britain and Ireland (14,314 in England, 54,983 in Ireland, 3,283 in Scotland, 1,524 in Wales, 37 in Great Britain — not specified) ; 1,167 in Holland, 599 in Hungary, 936 in Italy, 90 in Mexico, 297 in Norway, 619 in Poland, 21 in Portugal, 140 in Russia, 55 in Spain, 2,302 in Sweden, 6,597 in Switzerland and 135 in the West Indies. 66o CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL Wealth. — Total valuation of Missouri's real and personal estate, according to the census of 1870, $1,284,922,897; assessed valuation of the State in 1873, ^567,460,936; the State debt on January ist, 1874, as shown by the official report of the Fund Commissioners, was $18,148,000, which was made up of the following items, all bearing interest at the rate of 6 per cent., except Pacific Railroad (guaranteed), which is at 7 per cent. : Pacific Railroad, $4,398,000; St. Louis & Iron Mountain Railroad, $2,379,000 ; S. W. Branch Pacific Railroad, $1,455,000 ; North Missouri Railroad, $2,964,000; Platte County Railroad, $504,000; Cairo and Fulton Railroad, $392,000; Consols, $2,727,000; State debt proper, $439,000; North-western Lunatic Asylum, $200,000; University, $201,000; Pacific Railroad (guaranteed), $1,589,000; Certificate to school fund, $900,000 ; there is a sinking fund of $93,623. RAILROADS. By Prof. E. P. Powell, St. Louis. The first railroad convention in Missouri was held at the court-house in St. Louis April 20th, 1835, and was attended by 64 delegates from II counties. The convention resolved on the construction of a road from St. Louis to Fayette in Howard County, and of another to the Bellevue Valley, via Iron Mountain and Pilot Knob. That the plans of these pioneers were neither executed at once, nor as they were at first designed, is not to be wondered at. The railroad system has been rapidly extended and ramified through almost every section of the State. A peculiar feature of the main lines that traverse Missouri, is that each road opens up its own region and enters into no competition with other roads. This is of course but a temporary condition of things, which must give way more and more each year. The State has given most generous aid to the St. Louis & Iron Mountain, Missouri Pacific, North Missouri and Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroads. The legislature, at its last session, extended the bonds of the last mentioned road, in order to enable it to build a branch and otherwise complete its equip- ment. The Atlantic & Pacific and Missouri Pacific Railroads. — The main line of the Atlantic & Pacific R. R. is in operation from St. Louis to Vinita in Indian Territory, a distance of 364 miles. The Beaver Branch increases this distance to 369 miles. At Vinita, connect- ion is made with the M., K. & T. R. R., thus forming a short and direct route to all Texas points. When completed this road will form a most valuable route from St. Louis to the Pacific Coast, through a region romantic and rich. It will traverse the great South-west, which is untouched by any other road. Its valuable mineral and agricultural lands, located in the garden of America, offer very special inducements to those seeking for homes, or for investments. The main line of the Missouri Pacific R. R., which is leased by the Atlantic & Pacific R. R. Co. for 999 years, extends from St. Louis to Atchison, Kansas, 330 miles. The Branch from Tipton to Boonville adds 25 miles ; that from Sedalia to Lexington 55 miles, and that from Carondelet to Kirk- wood II miles. These, with the main line, make a total of 421 miles. We thus find that there are under the management of one company, nearly 800 miles of railway. The Missouri Pacific was projected in 1848, commenced in 1850, and completed as far as Sedalia before the war broke out in 1861. The disturbed state of the country delayed the 662 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL work, although, by the energy of its projectors, it was pushed on and reached the State Line in 1866. Here the enterprise lay crippled until the State came to the rescue by releasing the public lien, and the road was soon in admirable working order. It is now thoroughly equipped and is doing an enormous and rapidly increasing business. The Atlantic & Pacific, and all the leased lines, are under the management of the energetic and popular superintendent, A. A. Talmage. The following figures indicate its prosperity: The number of cattle carried over the two combined roads in 1873 ^^s 120,950; of sheep, 22,890; of horses, 4,645; of hogs, 228,555. The Burlington & South-western R. R. has 65 miles between Laclede and the State Line, and is now in progress from Burlington, Iowa, to St. Joseph, Missouri, and contemplates a branch to Kansas City. The Chicago & Alton R. R. leases a line of track that enters the State at Louisiana, and runs to Jefferson City, 100 miles, giving the citi- zens of this region a through route to Chicago and the East. The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific R. R. runs a Southwest- ern Branch 168 miles long into Missouri, connecting at Winthrop with an East Leavenworth Branch of 29 miles. The Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. has 206 miles in its main track, besides a branch from Quincy to Palmyra of 15 miles, another from Cameron Junction to Kansas City of 533^ miles, and a third from St. Joseph to Wintlirop of 22 miles, making a total length of 2965^ miles. Another branch is now projected to St. Louis. The legislature has recently granted important aid to this road. The Illinois, Missouri & Texas R. R. will run from Cape Girardeau through Poplar Bluff to the State Line, a distance of 86 miles. Of this 40 miles are graded and 15 are ironed. This road will traverse one of the finest timber belts in the State, and pass through immense deposits of iron ore. The Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs R. R., which is consolidated with the Missouri Valley R. R., runs up the Mis- souri River from Kansas City to the State Line, and has a branch from Amazonia to Hopkins. Length of road, including both branches, 260 miles. The Laclede & Fort Scott R. R. is projected from Lebanon, Laclede County, to Fort Scott, Kansas. The Keokuk & Kansas City Rail\vay Company was organ- ized in 1865, and reorganized under its present name in 1873. It pro- poses to build a road through Clark, Lewis, Knox, and a line of counties among the richest in the State, which have been hitherto without ade- quate railroad facilities. The road is finislied from Salisbury to Glasgow. The Memphis, Carthage & Northwestern R. R. runs from Peirce City to Columbus, a distance of 45 miles, and is in progress to Independence, Kansas. RAILROADS. 663 The Mississippi Valley & Western R. R. runs from Keokuk to Hannibal, and is in progress to St. Louis. The Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska R. R., from Alexandria to Nebraska City, has 70 miles of rail within the State of Missouri, The Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R., operates as a main line from Hannibal via Sedalia, to Denison, Texas, having 289 miles in the State of Missouri. The Neosho Division runs from Junction City to Parsons, Kansas, 156 miles, and the Osage Division from Holden to Paola, 53 miles. The Quincy, Mo. & Pacific R. R. runs from West Quincy to Kirksville, 70 miles, and grading is in operation on a portion of the western end of the proposed route. The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern R. ^A^.— This road operates 686 miles. The company is a consolidation of the St. Louis & Iron Mountain, Cairo, Arkansas & Texas, and the Cairo & Fulton, in Arkansas. The connections are with river and all roads at St. Louis, at Belmont with the Mobile & Ohio R. R., making a route direct to Nashville, to Memphis, and to New Orleans. Connection is also made at the same point with the river steamers. At Cairo it is connected with Ohio River steamers, and with the Illinois Central, Cairo & Vin- cennes, and Mississippi Central R. R'ds. At Newport, connection is made with steamers on the White River ; at Little Rock with the steam- ers of the Arkansas River, and the railroads center at that point; at Malvern for the Hot Springs, at Fulton with steamers on Red River, and at Texarkana with the Texas & Pacific. This road is peculiar in the number of its very important connections, and its close relations with river traffic. Passengers over the Iron Mountain R. R. in 1873 i^um- bered 537,276. Pounds of freight during the same year, 1,365,805,853, of which 580,664,835 pounds were iron ore. Since the opening of the road to Texarkana, it has taken its share of the great cattle trade of Texas, and has begun to bring large amounts of cotton to St. Louis. The com- pany has about 250,000 acres of land for sale in the south-eastern counties of Missouri, besides nearly as much more in Arkansas. Its headquarters are at St. Louis, and Thomas Allen is its efficient president. The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W., extends as a main line from St. Louis to Kansas City, and is 275 miles in length. The Northern Division extends from Moberly to Ottumwa, Iowa, where it connects with the principal Iowa roads. There is another branch of 22 miles operated by this road from Centralia to Columbia, and a branch from Brunswick to Pattonsburg of 80 miles. The road is well built and admirably furnished. It intersects a portion of the State where it has no rival, and as a through route is exceedingly popular. It forms a direct connecting line for St. Paul and the North-west. At Mexico, by a con- nection with the Missouri Branch of the C. & A. R. R., it forms a 664 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL desirable trunk line between Kansas City and Chicago. At Salisbury it makes connection for Glasgow on the Missouri River. The live stock shipped eastward in 1873 by this road was: of cattle, 82,674; hogs, 19,271; sheep, 817; horses, 1,831. These figures may be set against the following for 1871 : cattle, 26,308; hogs, 147; sheep, 919; horses, 140. The road is fully equipped and under the management of the popular superintendent, W. C. Van Horn. The St. Louis, Salem & Little Rock R. R. Co., was incor- porated in 1871. The road is built from Cuba to Salem, 41^ miles, with 4 miles of branch roads. The following narrow gauge roads are projected or in process of build- ing: The Olive Street Narrow Gauge R. R., starting at Olive street and curving around the city, ends at Graham Station — 12 miles. The St. Louis & Manchester Narrow Gauge R. R., on which ground was broken in March 1874. The St. Louis & Western Narrow Gauge R. R.,from St. Louis to Brunswick. This road is surveyed to the Warren County line, 54 miles. A branch is projected from the east line of Callaway County to Cedar City, the main line and branch making 210 miles. The Kansas City & St. Louis R. R., from Kansas City to Boonville via Arrow Rock. At Boonville connecting with the St. Louis & Western. The St. Louis County Narrow Gauge R. R., leaving the city by way of loth street, running by the side of Missouri Pacific to Rock Spring and thence to Creve Cceur Lake. EDUCATION. By Hon. John Monteith, State Superintendent of Public Schools. By the terms of the first constitution of the State, it was provided that •"one school or more, shall be established in each township, as soon as practicable and necessary, where the poor shall be taught gratis." The establishment of the public school system of Missouri, in its essential features, without restricting its benefits to the "poor," and with the main features of State and local organization, was effected by the tenth general assembly, during the administration and in accordance with the recommendation of Gov. Boggs, in February, 1839. The outline of the system as then adopted embraced : 1. A superintendent of common schools for the State. 2. A board of commissioners for each county. 3. A board of trustees for each local school distric. A sketch of the public school system as now constituted will embrace : I. The main features of the organization. II. The officers of the system. III. The public school fund. IV. Particular institutions. I. THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION. Territorial divisions for the purposes of organization, consist of coun- ties, townships and districts. The State is divided into 114 counties; each county is divided into congressional townships, of 6 miles square, or fractional townships; these townships are again subdivided into districts. According to the school law of 1870, each congressional township constituted a district. Under the new law, approved March 26th, 1874, the township line is retained simply to assist in the numbering and designation of the school districts. Each county at present contains a certain number of districts numbered within the respective townships that embrace them. The ordinary district system is modified by the occasional establish- ment of Central Graded Schools, in which case, the districts so disposed unite for the establishment of schools with higher grades.' Another modification in the district system is effected by City and Town Organizations, in which one or more districts lying within an incorporated village, vote themselves into special dis- tricts, governed by a separate law granting special privileges. 666 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL Most of our village, town and city graded schools, are organized in this way. In some instances the schools of towns and cities are organized under special charters, granted by the legislature, as e. g. the schools of St. Louis and St. Joseph. Constitutional Provisions. — By the organic law, the State is com- mitted to a comprehensive and impartial public school system. The constitution says, "The general assembly shall establish and maintain free schools for the gratuitous instruction of all persons in this State between the ages of 5 and 21 years." Compulsory attendance is permitted in the following terms: ''The general assembly shall have power to require by law that every child of sufficient mental and physical ability shall attend the public schools dur- ing the period between the ages of 5 and 18 years, for a time equivalent to 16 months, unless educated by other means." By the same funda- mental law, "every person who was not a qualified voter prior to the ist day of January, 1S76, shall, in addition to the other qualifications required, be able to read and write, in order to become a qualified voter." Colored schools form a supplement to the school system as now arranged. The law requires that a separate school for colored children shall be established in any district where the whole enumeration of col- ored children exceeds 15. The tax for the support of any such school is to be levied upon the property of the whole township within which the district is embraced ; and in case the number of pupils is less than 15, the directors may expend the proportion of school funds belong- ing to these pupils, by combining them with some adjoining district or in any other manner as they may see fit. Upon the failure of local boards to discharge their duty to colored children, it becomes the duty of the State Superintendent to exercise their powers. The present school system of the State is pre-eminently popular and democratic. Important business affecting the interests of the schools must be transacted at the annual meeting (which occurs on the first Tuesday of April) by a majority vote of the people, except that a special meeting may be called for such business when ordered by a majority of the voters of the district. Each district is required to keep a school at least four months of the year. For this length of term the directors must make provision. If a longer term is desired, it must be ordered by a majority vote of the people ; but no order can be made which would require a tax levy of more than one per cent, for current expenses or more than the same rate for building in any one year. II. THE OFFICERS OF THE SYSTEM. Corresponding to the topographical divisions of the organization, the officers are, the State Board of Education, the county commissioner, coun- EDUCATXON, 667 ty clerk and treasurer, board of directors, city and town school board, and teacher. The supervision of the entire school interests of the State devolves upon the State Board of Education, composed of the State Superintendent of Public Schools, the Secretary of State and the Attorney General. The executive officer of this board is the State Superintendent, who is chosen by the people at the general election, for the term of four years. Besides such general work as is adapted to improve the condition of the schools, his specific duties are : To render decisions affecting the local application of the school law ; To keep a record of all the school funds, and annually to distribute to the counties the income of the State school funds ; To supervise the work of county school officers ; To deliver lectures, distribute educational information, visit schools, and to grant certificates of high qualifications ; To make an annual report to the general assembly, of the condition and necessities of the schools of the State. The work connected with the office of State Superintendent is more largely constructive than that of any other State officer. Beyond the circle of mere routine, there is scarcely any limit to the labor which this office may impose upon itself. The work of organizing a great State embracing a territorial surface little less than that of New England, furnishes a powerful incentive to the employment of all the energy, enthusiasm, invention and executive skill the Superintendent may be able '■o command. The County Commissioner. — This officer is elected every two years at the annual meetings of the school districts in each county. He is the successor whom the law has substituted for the former county superintendent. His work is to examine teachers, to distribute blanks, and make reports. The, emoluments of the office are not large. The assessment of teachers applying for examination in the sum of a dollar and a half, together with a moderate amount not exceeding forty dollars for rendering his annual report, constitute his sole remuneration. It is provided in the law that any county, upon a petition of a hundred freeholders, may vote upon a proposition to employ a commissioner exclusively, and upon a fixed salary, in which case the visitation of the schools, the holding of the institutes, and the delivering of lectures are enjoined. It is to be hoped that this method of supervision will soon prevail throughout the State. County Clerk and Treasurer.— The first of these officers receives estimates from local directors and extends them upon the tax books. He also keeps tlie general records of the county and township school funds, and returns a yearly report of the financial condition of the schools of his county to the State Superintendent. School taxes are 668 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL gathered with other taxes by the regular county collector. The treasurer of the county is the custodian of all the funds belonging to the schools of his county, except in counties adopting the township organization, in which cases the township trustee discharges these duties. All the expenses of the individual districts are paid by checks or warrants drawn on balances deposited with the county treasurer, or township trustee. This arrangement is new and remains to be tested, but it is thought it will tend to greater care in keeping, and economy in using the various school moneys. City and Town Boards. — Districts organized under the special law for cities and towns are governed by a board of 6 directors, 2 of whom are selected annually on the second Saturday in September, and hold their office for 3 years. This board of directors is permitted to levy a tax for the support of the schools under its charge, not exceed- ing one-half of one per cent., (except in cities containing over 15,000 inhabitants) and is required to keep the schools open at least 30 weeks in each year. Nearly all the details of school management are left to their voluntary regulation and discretion. Upon a vote of the people they may issue bonds to aid in the building of school-houses. Local Directors. — At the annual meeting in each school district, i director is elected to serve for 3 years. This arrangement gives the board a permanent continuity. Directors are agents of the district under the law. They may levy a tax not exceeding i per cent, to support a school 4 months of the year ; they may direct the management of the school in respect to the choice of teacher and other details ; but in the discharge of all important business, such as the building of a school-house, the raising of a loan, or the extension of the term of school beyond the con- stitutional period ; they simply execute the order of the people. The clerk of this board may or may not himself be a director. He is the historian of the district ; keeps a record of the names of all children and youth between the ages of 5 and 2 1 ; records all business proceedings of the district, and reports to the annual meeting and to the county clerk and county commissioners. Teachers are required to hold a certificate from the State Superin- tendent or county commissioner of the county in which they are engaged. State certificates are granted only upon personal written examination in the common branches together with the natural sciences and higher mathematics. The holder of the State certificate may teach in any pub- lic school in the State without further examination. Certificates granted by county commissioners are of two classes, with two grades in each class. Those issued for a term longer than i year belong to the first class, and are susceptible of two grades, differing both in duration and attainment. Those issued for i year (the shortest term EDUCATION. 669 allowed bylaw) may represent two grades marked by qualification alone. The legal school day consists of 6 hours ; the school month of 4 weeks of 5 days each ; and the financial and statistical school year begins with the first Tuesday in April. III. PUBLIC SCHOOL FUNDS. Means for the support of the public schools are derived from permanent State, county, and township investments, and from direct local taxa- tion. The public school fund of the State has accumulated from the proceeds of the sale of public lands granted by the United States to this State, and from stocks, bonds, and other values transferred from time to time to the school endowment. An exact statement of the State school fund is as follows : Registered U. S. bonds 5-2o's..i $1,590,000 00 U. S. 5-20 coupon bonds 52,100 00 Twenty Missouri 6's '20,000 00 Six per cent, certificate from State 900,000 00 Current funds 27,217 00 Total $2,589,317 00 The interest on this fund, with 25 per cent, of the State revenue, constitutes the fund for the annual distribution or apportionment to all the children of the State between the ages of 5 and 21 years. This fund in March 1874, amounted to $410,269.31, which gave about 58 cents to each person on the enumeration. County school funds arise chiefly from the sale of " swamp and overflowed lands," donated by the General Gov- ernment to the State, amounting originally to 4,300,000 acres, and patented to the counties for school purposes. The sum realized from these sales and saved from waste, is something over $4,000,000. This money is loaned by county courts on real estate and personal securities, and the interest devoted to the yearly support of the schools. The township school fund has its source in a grant of land by the Government, consisting of section sixteen in each congressional town- ship, and amounting, in the aggregate, to 1,200,000 acres. The larger portion of these lands has been sold, and the proceeds have been invested by the county courts, in trust, for the benefit of the townships to which they belong. The annual income of the township fund is appropriated to the various townships, according to their respective proprietary claims. Direct taxation laid upon the taxable property of each district, supple- ments the support yielded by the permanent funds. In April of each year the local directors make an estimate of the amount necessary to 670 CAMPBELL'S GAZE T TEE Ji OF MISSOURL maintain their respective schools, exclusive of the income from per- manent funds, and including past indebtedness; and this estimate, with a list of the taxable property of the district, is forwarded to the county clerk, who extends the assessment upon his tax books. The maximum limit of taxation for current expenses is one per cent., and the tax permitted for school-house building cannot exceed the same amount. School Statistics. — The following statistics are taken from the eighth annual report : School Population. — Number of children in the State between the ages of 5 and 21 years, 705,817, of whom 667,574 (343,540 male and 324,034 female) were white, and 38,243 (20,591 male and 17,652 female) were colored. Number of children between the ages of 5 and 16, 485,249. Public Schools. — Number of public schools in the State, 7,829, of which 7,547 were for white, and 282 for colored children. Private Schools. — Number of private schools in the State, 661. Normal Schools. — Number of normal schools in the State, 3. State University. — There is i State university. Districts. — Number of districts in Missouri, 7,483. School Attendance. — The number of pupils enrolled during 1873, was 37i,-44o; of whom 194,266 were males and 177,174 were females. The number of pupils enrolled in private schools was 20,525 ; number estimated and unreported, 13,000. Total enrollment in private schools, 33,525. Total enrollment for the State, including public and private schools, 404,965. Number enrolled in the university and the normal schools, 1,252. Daily average attendance, 210,692. Teachers. — The number of teachers in the State was 9,676; of whom 6,281 were males, and 3,395 were females. Their average monthly wages were, for males, ^39.87, and for females, ^30.36. School-Houses. — The whole number of school-houses in the State was 7,224; of which 424 were brick, 4,636 frame, and 2,164 log- Financial Statement. — The total receipts for the year 1873 were $2,117,662, which sum was composed of the following items: Income from State fund, including 25 per cent. State revenue, $252,461 ; from county fund, $181,546; from township fund, $187,222; and income from taxation, $1,496,433. The total valuation of property for the State is $6,774,506, which sum is composed of the following items: Houses and grounds, $4,188,337; furniture, $310,304; (total for houses, grounds and furniture, $4,498,641) and St. Louis property, $2,275,865. The cost of education for 1873 was: Per scholar, based on enumera- tion, $3.00; and per scholar, based on attendance or enrollment, $5.70. IV. PARTICULAR INSTITUTIONS. Foremost among the educational institutions of the State, not under the government of the common school law, stands the EDUCATION. 671 State University, situated at Columbia, in Boone County. It was established by an act of the legislature in 1839, upon an endowment pre- viously made by Congress, in the form of two townships of land, known as the Seminary Lands. This endowment had grown by accumulation to the value of ^100,000, when the institution was founded. The citizens of Boone County having offered a bonus of ;^i 17,500 for the location of the institution at Columbia, the county seat, the offer was accepted, and the corner stone of the University was laid, with appropriate ceremony, in that city, July 24th, 1840. The same year J. H. Lathrop, LL. D., was elected president. The present incumbent is Daniel Read, LL. D., elected in 1866. The supervision of the University is vested in a board of 24 curators, selected as follows : One from each congressional district ; four from the County of Boone ; five from the State Board of Agriculture, and two from the State at large. These trustees are appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate. Besides the regular academic course, the University embraces in its group of schools, a preparatory department, an agricultural school, a college of normal instruction, a school of mines and a law school. All these colleges are located at Columbia, except the school of mines, which is established at Rolla, in Phelps County. The advantages of the university are extended to women on equal terms with men. All resident youth in the State, upon the payment of an entrance fee of ten dollars, are entitled to the benefits of the university, except in the strictly pro- fessional schools. University Faculty and Instructors. — Daniel Read, LL. D., President, Professor of Mental, Moral and Political Philosophy; Joseph G. Norwood, M.D., Professor of Natural Science and Natural Philoso- phy, and Dean of the Medical Faculty ; Joseph Ficklin, A.M., Professor of Mathematics, Mechanical Philosophy and Astronomy ; E. L. Rip- ley, A.M., Principal of College of Normal Instruction; Geo. C. Swal- low, M.D., LL. D., Professor of Agriculture, Geology and Botany, and Dean of the Agricultural Faculty; Charles P. Williams, A.M., Director and Professor of General and Analytical Chemistry and Metallurgy [Mining School]; James W. Abert, A.M., Professor of Applied Mathe- matics and Drawing [M. S.] ; Nelson W. Allen, A. B., Professor of Pure Mathematics [M. S.] ; Paul Schweitzer, Ph.D., Professor of Analytical and Applied Chemistry; James Kendall Hosmer, A. M., Professsor of Eng- lish and History; Edward Henry Twining, A.M., Professor of Latin Language and Literature ; John Moore Leonard, Ph. D. , Professor of Greek Language and Literature, and Comparative Philology ; Hon. Philemon Bliss, Professor of Law, and Dean of Law Faculty; Hon. Boyle Gordon, Professor of Law; Thomas Allen Arnold, A.M., M.D., Professor of \natomy and Practice; Andrew W. McAlester, A.M., M.D., Profes- 672 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL sor of Surgery, Materia Medica and Diseases of Women and Children ;. George D. Emerson, M. E., Professor of Civil and Mining Engineering [M. S.] J R. W. Douthat, A. M., Professor of English Branches and Latin [M. S.]; Hon. Arnold Krekel, U. S. District Court, Lecturer on the Jurisdiction of the Federal Courts ; Hon. Henry S. Kelley, Lecturer on. Criminal Jurisprudence ; Hon. Odon Guitar, Lecturer on Special Branches of Equity Jurisprudence ; Chas, V. Riley, Ph. D., State Ento- mologist, Lecturer on Entomology; Wm. E. Glenn, M. D., Lecturer on Anatomy, Physiology and Hygiene [M. S.] ; Prof. H. J. Detmers and Prof. L. J. Smith, Lecturers on Veterinary Surgery ; Scott Hayes, B. S., B. Ag., Assistant Professor of Agriculture; Miss Mary Brice Read, Teacher of the German and French; Wm. A. Cauthorn, A. M., Assis- tant Professor of Mathematics ; Miss Lulie Gillette, B. S., William L. Pratt, A. M., Caleb L. Buckmaster, Instructors in Normal and Prepara- tory Studies. Normal Schools. — Besides the college of instruction in teaching connected with the University, the State has established 4 schools for the training of teachers for our common schools. They are located respectively at Kirksville, Adair County, Warrensburg, Johnson County,. Cape Girardeau and Jefferson City. The two first named are controlled! each by a separate board of regents consisting of 6 gentlemen appointed by the governor, and the State superintendent ex officio. To these- schools the State devotes ;gio,ooo each, yearly. The schools at Cape Girardeau and Jefferson City receive an annuity of ;^5, 000 each. Kirksville School. — Previously started as a private enterprise by^ Prof. J. Baldwin, this institution was adopted as a State normal school June 2d, 1871. Kirksville is a thriving village of about 2,500 inhabit- ants, situated on the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway, 203 miles north of St. Louis. An elegant and imposing building has been erected for this school at a cost of about $125,000. Built in the Franco- Norman style, the edifice is 180 feet in length, with a maximum width of 90 feet. It is 2 stories in height, and has a commodious basement and mansard roof. Arranged with a large assembly room, 1 2 recitation rooms, separate apartments for library, apparatus, reception, music and wardrobe ; this building can accommodate 700 pupils. The grounds embrace 15 acres, and are in every way adapted for a school of this class. The number of students enrolled the past year is about 600. The fol- lowing constitute the Board of Regents. — James M. DeFrance, George L. Osborne, term expires January, 1875 ; David S. Hooper, Bartlett Anderson, term expires January, 1877; John M. Oldham, Joseph M. McKinn term expires Jan- uary, 1879. Faculty for i8''3-4. — ^J. Baldwin, Principa., Science of Education EDUCATION. 673 and Art of Teaching; J. M. Greenwood, Mathematics, Philosophy and Astronomy ; W, P. Nason, English Language, Literature and History ; S. S. Hamill, Elocution, Rhetoric and Esthetics; C. H. Dutcher, Chemistry, Geology and Latin ; H. F. Williams, Vocal Music, Penman- ship and Gymnastics ; Hattie A. Comings, Preceptress, Natural Science and Drawing; Kate Stephan, Principal of Model and Practice School; Helen M. Halliburton, Geography, Grammar and Drawing ; Mary Murt- feldt. Entomology ; Lucy Blackman, Mary Williams, Instrumental Music ; Assistant Teachers, Normal Students. "Warrensburg School, located August loth, 1872, has entered upon a promising career. The building is unusually fine, constructed of the Warrensburg sandstone, in the Lombard-Venetian style, 160 feet long by 80 feet wide, four stories high, with basement and mansard roof. At present but one story is finished. When the whole is completed the structure will have cost $200,000. Its general arrangement is similar to that of the Kirksville building. The Following are the Regents. — Samuel Martin, H. C. Fike, term expires Jan. 1875 > William Greenlee, William McLean, term expires Jan. 1877; A. W. Ridings, G. W. Longan, term expires Jan. 1879. Present Faculty. — James Johonnot, Principal and Instructor in Pro- fessional Teaching ; H. H. Straight, Instructor in Natural History and German; Lucy J. Maltby ; Instructor in Algebra and Grammar ; Emma D. Straight, Instructor in Drawing and Botany; Marian Johonnot, Instructor in Language and History; Mary T. Houghton, Principal of Preparatory Department ; Laura P. Campbell, Instructor in Arithmetic and Penmanship ; Mary Neet, Instructor in Geograpy and Reading ; G. M.^Cole, Instructor in Vocal Music ; Mrs. G. M. Cole, Instructor in Instrumental Music. Cape Girardeau SchooL — By an act of the legislature approved March 30th, 1873, provision was made for the establishment of a normal school in South-east Missouri. The particular location was left to a competition between the counties composing the district. The school was established at the city of Cape Girardeau Oct. 28th, 1873, ^"^ opened for students on the loth day of December following. The government of this school is intrusted to a board of 7 regents, comprising 4 appointed by the governor and the State board of educa- tion, to. wit: Board of Regents. — ^John Monteith, State Supt.; Eugene F. Weigel, Secretary of State; H. Clay Ewing, Attorney General; State Board: Geo. W. Farrar, Jacob H. Burrough, for 2 years; T. J. O. Morrison, Charles C. Rozier, for 4 years. The faculty at present is not fully organized, and consists of L. H. Cheney, President ; Frances A. Cheney, Assistant. 674 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. Arrangements have been made to erect a neat and commodious build- ing 66 by 236 feet, with all the improvements belonging to modern school buildings. The school will rest upon the summit of a hill known as Fort "B" in war time, and commanding an extensive view of the Mississippi River and surrounding country. Lincoln Institute. — Originated as a school for the education of colored people, by the 62d Regiment United States Colored Infantry while in Texas. January 1866, the State attached a State normal depart- ment from which, for 6 years past, a considerable number of colored teachers have gone forth to operate the colored common schools of the State. The board of trustees was organized June 25 th, 1866, and the school was opened on the 17th of September following. The bill constituting Lincoln Institute a State normal school for the training of colored teachers, was approved Feb. 14th, 1870. The building for the accom- modation of the school was occupied in June 1871. The officers of the institution are the following : Trustees. — Gov. Silas Woodson, Hon. John Monteith, Dr. Wm. A. Curry, Mr. Howard Barnes, Hon. Arnold Krekel, Dr. Jno. G. Riddler, Rev. Adams Peabody, of Jefferson City ; Mr. Julius Rector, Springfield ; Rev. Moses Dickson, Hannibal ; John N. Gott, Boonville. The officers are: Gov. Silas Woodson, President; Hon. John Mon- teith, Vice President ; James C. Babbitt, Secretary ; Wm. A. Curry, Treasurer ; Adams Peabody, Arnold Krekel, Howard Barnes, Executive Committee. Teachers. — M. Henry Smith, A.M., Principal ; Miss Alice M. Gor- don, Miss Sarah A. Barnes, Miss Ella V. Billings,Miss Lizzie A. Lindsay, and Mr. Julius H. Rector, Assistants. HISTORICAL SKETCH. By Col. Wm F. Switzler, Editor of the Missouri Statesman, Columbia. The limited space allowed for this "Sketch" forbids a philosophic paper or literary disquisition, in which shall be displayed the embellish- ments of rhetoric and the fascinations of well-chosen speech. This style of discourse, even if we could command it, might obscure amid tropes and figures, dazzling illustrations, and word-pictures of classic mould, the historic events which it shall be our purpose to record. Therefore, we shall invoke the narrative rather than the argumentative style, discarding the mere adornments of language, and bring to view in chronological order many of the interesting and more important facts, incidents and reminiscences properly belonging to a Historical Sketch of Missouri ; first, at the date of its Discovery, and successively as a Province, District, Territory and State. EXPEDITION AND DISCOVERY OF DE SOTO. Properly belonging to the History of Missouri, though not perhaps inseparably connected with it, is the expedition of De Soto, which in May, 1541, resulted in the discovery of the * Mississippi River; for to the discovery of that river, and to the explorations in search of gold along its banks are we indebted for the first settlements in our own State. Very briefly, therefore, let us trace this discovery : To do this intelligently, the initial point of inquiry antedates the year 1512 ; for it was on Easter Sundayf in that year, that Juan Ponce de Leon, an old comrade of Christopher Columbus, and a Spanish navi- gator, discovered that portion of the American continent near St. Augustine, now known as the State of Florida. In honor of the day, and because of the luxurious verdure and beautiful flowers which covered the shore, he called the newly discovered country — Florida. ^ Marvelous stories afterwards reached Spain of inexhaustible mines of gold in all the country north of the Gulf of Mexico, and of the existence * Le Page du Prats says that this name is the French contraction of the savage term Meacht Chassippi, which literally denotes the "Ancient Father of Rivers."— Life of Lewis F, Linn, p. 34. The most probable derivation of its name is Missi (or Mische) Sepe, which in the Algonquin Indian language, which prevails in its upper parts, means ''Great River."— Haskel and Smith's Gazetteer of the U. S., 1844. t The Spanish name for Easter Sunday is Pascua Florida. Pascua is the same as the Old English " Pasch " or Passover, and Pascua Florida is the " Holy-day of flowers." Hence the name of the State of Florida. 676 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL of a Fountain of Eternal Youth, and various expeditions to discover and possess them were projected. Among those whose cupidity and curiosity were excited, was Ferdi- nand de Soto, who had been with Pizarro in the conquest of Peru. Sharing much of the spirit of his great captain, and ambitious to imitate him, he petitioned the King of Spain for permission to conquer Florida at his own cost, hoping in the event of success, to achieve great fame, immortal youth and vast riches. In 1538 permission was given. Collecting and splendidly equipping- a noble and brilliant band of over 600 followers, the most gaudily attired pageant which ever proposed to march through the unbroken forests of a new world, De Soto sailed for Florida, and in May, 1539, anchored his ships in Tampa Bay. With very little delay he entered upon his wonderful march into the interior, determined, notwithstanding the bloody resistance of the Indians, and sad disappointments in the failure to discover mines of gold, to succeed or perish in the effort. On and on the stern and intrepid Spaniard wandered through tangled forests and over deep morasses, finding neither gold nor precious stones, nor cities rich in treasure and merchandise, nor Fountain of Youth, until in May, 1541, he reached the banks of the Great River of the West, and thus achieved immortality. The point at which De Soto first encountered the Mississippi was not far from the 35th parallel of latitude, at the Lower Chickasaw Bluffs, a few miles below Memphis. His arrival awakened much curiosity and fear among the Dacotah tribe of Indians, who inhabited the western bank. Therefore a great multitude of them, armed with bows and arrows, and richly painted and gaily decorated with tall plumes of white feathers, their chiefs sitting under awnings as magnificent as the natives could weave, came rowing down the river in a fleet of two hundred canoes, bringing to the delighted Spaniards gifts of fish, and loaves made of the persimmon. The boats of the Indians being too frail to transport horses, De Soto's expedition paused to construct barges in which to cross the stream. Having successfully reached the west bank, the explorers pursued their way northward into the region now known as New Madrid in our own State. Overcome by disappointment and disasters, and enfeebled by sickness,. De Soto died on May 21st, 1542, at a place called Guacoya on the Mississippi. The priests chanted over his body the first requiem ever heard on the waters of the Mississippi. To conceal his death he was wrapped in a mantle, and in the stillness of midnight all that was mortal of Ferdinand De Soto was sunk in the HISTORICAL SKETCH. 677 middle of the stream. The discoverer of the Mississippi slept beneath its waters. He who had crossed the Atlantic and a large part of the continent in search of gold and the Fountain of Youth, found nothing so remarkable as his own burial place.* Such was the first visit of Europeans into the country now known as Missouri, and into the great western valley of North America. These explorers came splendidly and gorgeously equipped, with richly caparisoned horses, their riders glittering with burnished steel, scarlet plumes and silks of gaudy hue. They found no settlement and left no traces of civilization. Indeed so fruitless of good and so full of dis- aster was this expedition, although entered upon with wondrous pomp and pageantry, that for more than a century after its close the West remained utterly unknown to the white man. LOUISIANA — FRENCH EXPLORATIONS. As the portion of country now known as Missouri formed a part of Louisiana, which was purchased from France by the United States in 1803, during the administration of Mr. Jefferson, it lies directly in the track of our "Sketch," to mark the origin and progress of the French power in North America. Spain, France and England were the three great colonizing powers that with various success and great activity projected expeditions of dis- covery and settlement in this division of the continent. And one sur- prising coincidence is true of them, namely, the Spaniards planted their first colony east of the Mississippi on the barren sands of Florida ; the French, their first in the icy and inhospitable region of Quebec, and the English, at Jamestown, in Virginia, in no way remarkable for its fertility, and at Plymouth, in Massachusetts, "a stern and rock-bound coast." From these feeble and unpromising settlements radiated the conquests and colonies of the three great nations we have named. The Spaniards, although at this period less enlightened than the French, had the advantage of larger experience ; and therefore their colonial policy was not based on theory or fancy. The English were characterized by more fixedness of purpose and greater perseverance than either of their rivals, and yet the French, by their superior apti- tude in assimilating with the savages and adroitness in winning their confidence, had a clear advantage over both. While therefore the English were planting along the coast of the Atlantic some of the most flourishing colonies of the New World, the French were penetrating the Indian tribes who inhabited the northern interior of the continent, navigating in bark canoes the mighty rivers, and coasting the shores of the boundless lakes of the country. They *Tracy's American Historical Reader, pp. 104-5. 678 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. displayed remarkable enterprise and address, and although beset on all sides by great and singular perils, accomplished extensive explorations. MAP'UETTE AND JOLIET. We cannot follow the French colonies into Canada, along the shores of the St. Lawrence, and of Lakes Erie, Huron and Ontario ; but this Historic Sketch would be incomplete did w-e not refer to the expedition in search of the Mississippi by Marquette and Joliet. On the 13th of May, 1673, these two French Missionaries, together with five boatmen, left the strait connecting Lakes Michigan and Huron, called Michilimackinac (or Mackinac) in two bark canoes in search of the Great River of the West. They passed down Lake Michigan and through Green Bay into Fox River, and crossed the Portage (carrying their canoes) to the westward flowing river, the '* Ouisconsin " (Wiscon- sin). Down this stream they floated to its confluence with the Missis- sippi, which they reached June 17th, 1673 — the Wisconsin joining the Mississippi a few miles below what is now known as Prairie du Chien. Surrendering their frail bark to the swift current of the river they descended to the mouth of the Illinois, and then to the mouth of the Missouri, called by Marquette Pekitonoiii, that is, "Muddy Water."* Thus we have seen that De Soto, Marquette and Joliet — the first named in 1 5 41 in the region of New Madrid, and the last two 132 years after- ward at the mouth of the Missouri — were the first Europeans who entered the territory now forming our great State. Leaving the mouth of the **Pekitonoui," Marquette and Joliet descended the Mississippi, passing the present site of St. Louis without making special note of it, to the mouth of the Ohio, and as far down as the mouth of the ** Arkamsas," or Arkansas. From the last point they returned to the north and reached Green Bay in September of the same year. LA SALLE AND HENNEPIN. *' While the simple-hearted and true Marquette" says Peck in the ** Annals of the West" "was pursuing his labors of love in the West, two men differing widely from him and each other, were preparing to follow in his footsteps, and perfect the discoveries so well begun by him and Joliet. These were Robert de La Salle and Louis Hennepin." La Salle was a native of Normandy ; was brought up by the Jesuits, and a man of enterprise and intelligence. For some cause, about which it is unneces- sary to inquire, he lost his patrimony in his native country, and about 1670 reached Canada very poor. * In Shea's " Discovery of the Mississippi Valley," there is a note on this word, to the effect that *• Pekitanoui," or Muddy Water, prevailed till Marest's time (1712'), about which period it was called "Missouri," from the fact that a tribe of Indians known as MissouRis inhabited the country at its mouth, the same country being now embraced within the limits of St. Louis County. HISTORICAL SKETCH, 679 Sharing the conviction which prevailed among scientific men of that period, that there was from the great lakes a north-west passage to China and Japan, La Salle, about the time of the return of Marquette, was busy in organizing an expedition to discover it. He was not only ambitious to establish his own fortune and reputation, but zealous for the honor of his nation to signalize the French name by the splendor of the achieve- ment. Frontenac was then governor-general of Canada, and to him La Salle unfolded his plans and applied for assistance. Frontenac deeply sympa- thized with his views, and advised him to visit Louis XIV, then reign- ing sovereign of France, make known his embryo but gigantic scheme, and solicit the royal patronage and protection. He did so ; received the King's favor and a tender of assistance with letters patent and important discretionary powers. On the 14th of July, 1678, La Salle, with Tonti, an Italian, and about thirty men, sailed from Rochelle, France, for Quebec in Canada, arriv- ing in safety in September. Preparations were at once made for the contemplated western expedi- tion, the design of which was to discover the Mississippi, and to follow it to its source as well as to its supposed entrance into the Gulf of Mex- ico. In this enterprise La Salle and party were joined by Louis Henne- pin, who was a Franciscan friar, and a man very ambitious to become a great discoverer, but who withal possessed the weakness of exaggerating his own powers and exploits. The limits of this "Sketch " forbid our following step by step the vary- ing fortunes of these explorers. Suffice it to say, that after leaving Fort Frontenac in November 1678, about eighteen months were spent in explorations on the northern lakes, along the coasts of the rivers, and among the tribes of Indians which inhabited the country now embraced by the States of Wisconsin and Illinois, during which they encountered many hardships and perils, and at the lower end of Lake Erie built a small vessel called the Griffin, and near the present site of Peoria, on the Illinois River, a fort, which from their disappointments they named Creve-Coeur, or Broken Heart. In order more expeditiously to explore the northern and southern country, La Salle finally adopted this programme : That Father Henne- pin should ascend the Mississippi to its source ; that Tonti should remain at Creve-Cceur, while he should descend the Mississippi to its mouth. Accordingly, Hennepin embarked on the 28th of February, 1680; and having passed down the Illinois into the Mississippi, ascended the latter as high as the Falls of St. Anthony— so named by him in honor of his patron saint. Shortly after he was taken prisoner by the Sioux Indians, robbed of his property, and carried 200 miles to their village. But he soon made his escape, and returned to Canada by the way of 68o CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. the Wisconsin ; and thence he sailed immediately for France, where in 1684 he published an account of his travels.* DISCOVERY OF THE MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI. La Salle, after visiting Canada for additional supplies and to perfect arrangements for his great expedition, returned to Creve- Cozur. Tarry- ing at this fort but a short time, he, accompanied by about twenty French- men, eighteen Indians and ten Indian women, to act as servants for their lazy mates, descended the Illinois River to the Mississippi, where he arrived on the 6th of February, 1682. On the 13th of the same month he commenced his downward passage, and on the 5th of April accom- plished the grand purpose of the expedition by the discovery of the three mouths or passages, through which the great river discharges its waters into the Gulf of Mexico. Three days afterwards, that is on April 9th, 1682, La Salle, by a cer- emony of great pomp, took formal possession of the country in the name of Louis XIV, the reigning King of France, in honor of whom he called the country Louisiana. About three leagues from tJie confluence of the great middle outlet with the Gulf, on a dry spot above the reach of inundations. La Salle prepared a column and a cross, affixing to the column the arms of France with this inscription • "LOUIS LE GRAND, ROI DE FRANCE ET DE NAVARRE, REGNE J LE NEU- VIEME AVRIL, 1682." The whole party, under arms, chanted the Te Deum, the Exaudiat, the Dotnine Salvum fac Regem; and then, after a salute of firearms and cries of Vive le Roi, the column was erected by La Salle, who, standing near it, proclaimed with a loud voice, that "in the name of the most high, mighty, invincible and victorious Prince, Louis the Great, by the grace of God, King of France and of Navarre, fourteenth of the name, this 9th day of April, 1682," he took possession of the country of Louisiana, comprising almost indefinite limits and including of course the present territory of Missouri.f * L. C. Beck's Gazetteer, 1823, p. 51. "Annals of the West " by J. M. Peck 1850, pp. 40-41. The Tolume published by Hennepin he called "A Description of Louisiana." Thirteen years after its appear- ance he issued it in a new and enlarged form, with the title " New Discovery of a Vast Country situated in America, between New Mexico and the Frozen Ocean." In this edition Hennepin claims to have violated La Salle's irLstructions and to have gone down the Mississippi to its mouth before ascending it. But this is a shameful imposture, for he took the account of his pretended descent from the work of Le Clercq, published in 1691. t After this discovery La Salle returned to Canada, then to France, and in July 1684, under the patron- age of the King sailed from Rochelle for America with 24 vessels, four of which were specially designed for the re-discovery (from the Gulf of Mexico) of the mouth of the Mississippi and the settlement of the far-famed Louisiana. But La Salle's vessels sailed far beyond the Mississippi, landed on the coast of Texas, quarrels arose among his party, and on the 20th of March, 1687, La Salle was assassinated by Duhant and buried on a branch of the Brazos. — " Annals of the West," pp. 41-54. HISTORICAL SKETCH. 68 1 By right of the discovery thus made, and in virtue of the ceremonies indicated, was the foundation laid for the claim of France to the Missis- sippi Valley, according to the usages of European powers. Singularly enough, for a long period after the discovery of the Missis- sippi by De Soto in 15 41, the French settlements along that stream, all of which were projected in the interest of gold and silver mining, were confined altogether to the east bank. Finally, however, in the year 1705, just a century preceding the well-known expedition of Lewis and Clarke up the same river, the French organized a prospecting party for the Missouri River, which they ascended to the mouth of the Kansas. It is not recorded that this expedition, the first in chronological order €ver made up the Missouri River, resulted in the discovery of any of the precious metals. LETTERS PATENT TO CROZAT. About this period it is known that the wars in Europe rendered it necessary that France should husband all her resources, and to a large extent withdraw attention and supplies of men and money from the colony of Louisiana. Determined, if possible, to keep the colony out of the hands of his enemies, the King of France, as a dernier ressort, on September 14th, 1712, conveyed it by charter or letters patent to Crozat, a man of reputed intelligence and great force of character, and withal of immense wealth and credit. It was provided in this charter that the "edicts, ordinances, customs of Paris, etc., were to be observed for laws in the said country of Louisi- ana." Therefore, the customs of Paris, etc., whatever they were, in connection with the common or civil law, constituted the laws of the province, with such modifications as were necessary to adapt them to a new and distant country. The first governor under Crozat was M. de la Motte, who arrived and assumed the reins of power in 1 713. Inexhaustible mines of gold and silver, prolific in yield beyond the historic richness of Peru and Golconda, opened themselves to the ■enchanted fancy of this Frenchman. Vast sums were expended to dis- cover the priceless deposits, but in vain. A five years' experience, singularly marked by disappointment and disaster, induced Crozat in 1717 to return his patent to the King. JOHN law's company OF THE WEST. Following this in quick succession the colony of Louisiana was trans- ferred to the Company of the West, of which the celebrated John Law was the master spirit. Law was an adventurous Scotchman, whose financial speculations attained the acme of human folly in the disastrous 682 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL explosion of the bank which he was authorized to establish in connection with the Company, a bank whose worthless notes were in circulation to an amount exceeding two hundred millions of dollars. Overwhelmed by irretrievable ruin, the charter of the Company of the West was surrendered to the Crown in 1731. Nevertheless, the enterprise of Law was not an unmixed evil. It quickened the tide of immigration of miners, mechanics and agricul- turists to the territories of Illinois and Missouri, and settlements for the first time began to dot both banks of the Mississippi. The cultivation of tobacco, indigo, rice and silk was introduced, the lead mines of Missouri were opened, in the hope of finding silver j and in Illinois the culture of wheat was commenced. It is proper to remark that, although the country included within the present limits of Missouri excited the attention of the French in conse- quence of its mineral resources, their settlements were generally confined to the east bank of the Mississippi. When, however, by the treaty of Paris, 1 763, the Mississippi became the boundary between the possessions of England and France, many of the French inhabitants preferring their old to their new masters, crossed the river and commenced new settle- ments; for it should be recollected that, although the territory west of the Mississippi was ceded to Spain in 1762, the fact was not known to the colonists until two years afterwards, to-wit: April 21st, 1764. FIRST SETTLEMENTS IN MISSOURI. While all historians agree, we believe, as to the place of the first per- manent settlements in the territory now known as the State of Missouri \ to-wit : that they were made at Ste. Genevieve and New Bourbon, there is an embarrassing conflict of authority as to the date of those set- tlements. Mr. Lewis C. Beck fixes them in his Gazetteer, published in 1823, page 214, in the autumn of 1763, while others believe them to have occurred at an earlier period. For example : A letter- from Hon. Gustavus St. Gem, dated Ste. Gen- evieve, Mo., Sept. i8th, 1873, and addressed to the writer of this Sketch, says: "I find, in looking over the old papers of my grand- father, in possession of my sister, Mrs. Menard, and carefully preserved by her as precious family relics, that my great-grandfather purchased of Mr. Gabouri a house with lot of two arpents of land, in the ' Post of Ste. Genevieve of the Illinois,' on the 29th day of Dec. 1754, thus showing that the town had evidently been settled several, nay, many years before the date of his purchase. There is, in my opinion, no cor- rect data written or of record fixing the exact time when the place was settled ; but we have it here by tradition that the first white inhabitants came over here from Kaskaskia about the year 1735. Kaskaskia was then the metropolis of the West, with a population estimated at HISTORICAL SKETCH. 683 6,000 souls. It was from Kaskaskia that Ste. Genevieve, St. Louis, Kaho- kia, St. Charles, Portage des Sioux and other early settlements, for many- years obtained their supplies of goods and merchandise, and it was the opulent and proud inhabitants of Kaskaskia, who gave the derisive names of Misere to Ste. Genevieve, Pain Court (short of bread) to St. Louis, Vide Poche (empty pocket) to Carondelet, Pouilleux (lousy) to the people of Kahokia, etc. The town or ' post * of Ste. Genevieve was located by its first settlers in the river bottom three miles south or south-east of its present site. It was completely inundated in 1785, r annee des grandes eaux, when the inhabitants were driven for safety to the elevations, and founded the present town. So the town now dates from the year 1785. New Bourbon was settled only after the French revolution of 1789, by Royalists who fled from France and exiled them- selves at this place two miles south of Ste. Genevieve, and called their settlement New Bourbon, after that detestable dynasty which kept France under an iron rule and crushing tyranny for so many long centuries. But the place never thrived, and, like the Bourbons, there is nothing left of it except a few landmarks. The settlers of New Bourbon were Camile Delassus and Mr. Demunn of the ancienne noblesse. ' ' ST. LOUIS — LIGUEST CHOUTEAU. During the year 1763, Pierre Laclede Liguest* obtained from M. D' Abbadie, then Director-General as well as civil and military commander of Louisiana, a monopoly of the " fur trade with the Indians of Missouri and those west of the Mississippi above the Missouri, as far north as the river St. Peter." This company was organized as the firm of Laclede, Maxan & Co., but was popularly known as the Louisiana Fur Company, f The transfer of Louisiana to the Spanish, was a source of general sorrow to the people, but so mild was the new rule that the inhabit- ants soon ceased to regard it as a misfortune. In 1801, the territory was retroceded to the French, who however never took possession of Upper Louisiana again, save during the one day from March 9th, 1804, to March loth, 1804, when it was held by Capt. Stoddard as the tem- porary representative of the French Government. TERRITORY OF LOUISIANA. Negotiations for the transfer of the Province of Louisiana to the United States being about completed, Congress was convened on the * Apparently the reasons are conclusive that the family name of the founder of St. Louis was Liguest and not Laclede. Therefore that name is here used, although from hahit my personal preference is for I^clede. t For the early history of St. Louis, and the part taken by Messrs. Liguest and Chouteau, see History of St. Louis, page 517. 684 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 17th of October, 1803, and the treaty was at once laid before the Amer- ican Senate and ratified by that body. On the 31st of the same month, an act was passed by which the President was authorized to take posses- sion of the territory, in conformity with the treaty of Paris; and on the 20th otJDecember, 1803, the formal transfer of Lower Louisiana was made to Wm. C. C. Claiborne and James Wilkinson, commissioners of the United States, by M. Laussat, the colonial prefect at New Orleans of the French Republic. On the 26th of March, 1804, Congress passed an act divid- ing the province into two territories, denominating the southern " The Territory of Orleans,"" and the northern "The District of Louis- iana." The latter district embraced within its boundaries all that portion of the province which lay north of ** Hope Encampment," a place on the Mississippi near the Chickasaw Bluffs, including the territory now embraced by the States of Arkansas, Missouri and Iowa, a large part of the territory of Minnesota, and all the vast regions of the west to the Pacific Ocean, south of the forty-ninth degree of north latitude, not claimed by Spain. Of the district of Louisiana thus defined, sometimes popularly called Upper Louisiana, and with a total population of only about ten thousand souls, in the month of March 1804, formal possession was taken by Capt. Amos Stoddard, of the United States army ; the keys and pub- lic papers were peacefully delivered up by Don Charles Dehault Delassus, the lieutenant-governor, and the American flag for the first time floated west of the Mississippi, over the government house at St. Louis. By an act of Congress passed on the 3d of March, 1805, the Territory of Louisiana was regularly organized, and Mr. Jefferson immediately appointed Gen. James Wilkinson governor, and Frederick Bates secre- tary. The governor, with judges Return J. Meigs and John B. C. Lucas, of the superior court, constituted the legislature of the Territory. Fort Belle Fontaine, situated on the south side of the Missouri River, four miles above its mouth, and in what is now St. Louis County, was established by Gen. Wilkinson in 1806. Being ordered south to assist in quelling the celebrated Aaron Burr conspiracy, the fort was abandoned soon after its establishment, and in 1807 Gen. Wilkinson was succeeded in the gubernatorial office by Capt. Merriwether Lewis, of the celebrated expedition of Lewis and Clarke. In September of 1809, while passing through Tennessee on his way to Washington on official business, Gov. Lewis, being subject to constitutional hypochondria, and while under the influence of a severe attack, shot and killed himself at the age of thirty-five. MISSOURI AS A TERRITORY. On the 4th of June, 181 2, Missouri was organized by Congress into a territory, with a governor and general assembly. The legislative HISTORICAL SKETCH. 685 power of the territory was vested in a governor, legislative council, and house of representatives. The governor had an absolute veto. The legislative council consisted of nine members, and held their office for five years. The house of representatives nominated eighteen citizens to the President of the United States, and out of that number he selected nine counsellors, to form the legislative council. The house of repre- sentatives consisted of members chosen by the people every two years, one represenTative being allowed for every five hundred white males. The first house of representatives consisted of thirteen members, and, under the act of Congress, the number of representatives could never exceed twenty-five. The legislature was required to hold annual sessions in St. Louis. The judicial power of the Territory was vested in a superior court, inferior courts, and justices of the peace. The superior court con- sisted of three judges, who held their offices for four years, and had original and appellate jurisdiction, in civil and criminal cases. By the same act the Territory was authorized to send one territorial delegate to Congress.* The first territorial governor appointed by the President was William Clarke, who entered upon his duties in 1813, and continued to hold the office till 1820. Gov. Clarke died in St. Louis on Sept. ist, 1838. At the first election for delegate to Congress in October 181 2, there were four candidates — Edward Hempstead, Rufus Easton, Samuel Hammond and Matthew Lyon, the first of whom was successful. The first general assembly held its first meeting in the house of Joseph Robidoux, between Walnut and Elm streets, St. Louis, on the 7th of December, 181 2, the following being the members of the House: St. Charles — John Pitman and Robert Spencer; St. Louis — David Musick, Bernard G. Farrar, Wm. C. Carr and Richard Caulk ; Ste. Genevieve — George Bullett, Richard S. Thomas and Isaac McGready ; Cape Girard- eau — Geo. F. Bollinger and Spencer Byrd ; New Madrid — ^John Shrader and Samuel Phillips. The oath of office was administered by John B. C. Lucas, one of the judges of the superior court. Wm. C. Carr was elected speaker, and Thos. F. Riddick, clerk, pro tern. Andrew Scott was elected permanent clerk before the close of the session. The house of representatives then proceeded to nominate eighteen persons, from whom the President or the United States, with the Senate, was to select nine for the council ; and out of the number thus named the President and Senate chose the following : James Flaugherty and Benjamin Emmons of St. Charles ; Auguste Chouteau, Sr., and Samuel Hammond of St. Louis; John Scott and James Maxwell of Ste. Genevieve ; Wm. Neely and Joseph Cavener of Cape Girardeau, and Joseph Hunter of New Madrid. * See Preface to Revised Statutes of Missouri, 1845. 686 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS QUEL The fact that these persons had been appointed and confirmed mem- bers of the territorial council, was officially announced by Frederick Bates, Acting Governor, in a proclamation dated June 3d, 181 3. This proclamation also fixed the first Monday of July following, for the meeting of the general assembly. Among the laws passed at this session, was one establishing courts of common pleas, one incorporating the Bank of St. Louis, and one estab- lishing the County of Washington out of a portion of Ste. Genevieve. On December 6th, 181 3, the second session of the general assembly met in St. Louis. The following were its officers : Speaker of the House, George Bullett, of Ste. Genevieve ; clerk, Andrew Scott ; door- keeper, William Sullivan. Isaac McGready appeared as the member from the new county of Washington. Samuel Hammond, of St. Louis, was president of the council. The Assembly adjourned sine die on the 19th of January, 1814. Dur- ing this session, the boundaries of the Counties of St. Charles, Cape Girardeau, New Madrid and Arkansas were defined. The second territorial general assembly, met in St. Louis, Decem- ber 5th, 1814. The third, in November, 1815. During its session many changes were made in the statutory law ; but of these, far the most important was an act introduced by Mathias McGirk, and passed on the 19th January, 1816, by which the common law of England, of a general nature, and the statutes of England, passed prior to the fourth year of James I, of a general nature, were adopted as the laws of Mis- souri ; provided the same were not repugnant to the constitution and laws of the United States, and the statutes of the territory. By the same act, the right of survivorship among joint tenants, and estates in entail, was finally abolished. Then the civil law ceased to be the ground-work of the laws of the Territory, and the common law took its place. On the 23d January, 1816, Howard County was formed out of the western parts of the counties of St. Charles and St. Louis, and included all the country on the north side of the Missouri river, from the mouth of the Osage to the mouth of the Kansas. Commissioners to locate the county seat : Wm. Head, Benj. Estill, David Jones, David Kincaid and Stephen Cole. On the 29th April, 1816, another act of Congress was passed, by which the legislative council was required to be elected by the people for two years, and the legislative sessions were made biennial instead of annual. It also authorized the legislature to require the judges of the superior courts to act as circuit court judges, and, as such, to hold regu- lar terms in all the counties in the territory. To the circuit courts was given original jurisdiction in civil and criminal cases, and in all chan- cery proceedings. HISTORICAL SKETCH. 687 The general assembly under this act, commenced in December, 1816, and continued till February ist, 181 7. During this session, the old Bank of Missouri was incorporated. In the year 181 7, a digest of the statutes of Missouri was prepared by Henry S. Geyer, Esq., to which was appended a form book, and some of the acts of Congress, and documents originating under the colonial government of Spain. On the 8th of December, 1818, an act was passed creating, the County of Jefferson; on the nth of same month, Franklin County was formed ; on the same day, Wayne; on the 14th of December, Lincoln, Pike, Madison and Montgomery Counties were formed; on the 17th of Decem- ber, Cooper County was erected. During that session, many statutes were passed; the most important of which was the enactment of the statute of limitations, in relation to real estate, limiting the right of entry to twenty years. This act was passed on the 17th of December, 1 818. At the same session the legislature made application to Congress to organize a State government. THE NEW MADRID EARTHQUAKES. The first shock of the earthquake at New Madrid was felt on the night of December 16th, 181 1, and was repeated at intervals, with decreasing violence, for several weeks. The center of its violence, as stated by Dr. Hildreth, was near the settlement of Little Prairie, 25 or 30 miles below New Madrid. During the ill-starred night of December i6th a flotilla of flat boats, laden with provisions for the southern trade, was at anchor some miles below the town, and the boatmen describe the phenomenon as one of terrific grandeur. [For description of the earthquake and incidents, see page 394]- NEW MADRID CLAIMS. Mucn of the farming land of the county was destroyed by this calamity, and the suffering inhabitants received the sympathies of the American people. Among the important acts of Congress, for the relief of the inhabitants who sustained losses of real estate from the result of the calamity, was that of February 17th, 1815, an act which originated the " New Madrid Claims." This act provided that any person owning lands in the county, as it was known on the loth of November, 181 2, and whose lands were materially injured by the catastrophe, was authorized to locate a like quantity on any of the public lands of the territory of Missouri, no location, however, to embrace more than 640 acres. Many of these locations were made on the most fertile lands in Boone, Howard, Chariton and other counties ; and in many instances without -regard to the lines and angles of the public surveys. Land pirates and 688 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL Sipeculators infested the country, and, taking advantage of the wants and ignorance of the sufferers by the earthquake, bought up and speculated on their "claims." Many claims were fraudulently manufactured and sus- tained by perjury, so that in the end the aggregate area of the claims was no doubt larger than the entire surface of New Madrid County. WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN IN l8l2. Although. the people of the infant territory of Missouri were very remote from the seaboard, and from points rendered historic by bloody battles on land and sea, during the war with Great Britain in 1812, they did not escape Indian hostilities and bloody cruelties incited by, and inci- dent to, that conflict. Our early annals, therefore, are replete with the heroic deeds, ceaseless vigilance and great privations of the pioneer settlers of Missouri. For some years previous to the war British agents and traders incited the Indians to enmity against the settlers, and by furnishing them guns and ammunition, prepared them for warlike demonstrations. As early as 1809 the Sac and Fox Indians made hostile movements against Fort Madison, in Iowa, and in 1813 they compelled the garrison to abandon and burn it. During the fall of 1809 flagrant war culminated between the Osage and Iowa tribes, and a battle was fought not far from the present site of Liberty, Clay County. In July, 1810, the Pottawattamies made a hostile incursion into a frontier settlement at the upper part of Loutre Island, in the Missouri River. W. I. Cole and two others were killed while attempting to recover some property stolen by the Indians. During 181 3 the straggling settlements through what is now Lincoln and Pike Counties were often attacked, harrassed and plundered by roving bands of Indians. To protect themselves from these incursions, companies of "Rangers" were formed under the act of Congress; one of them in the District of St. Charles, under Capt. Kibby, being remark- able for efficiency and celerity of movement and the protection it afforded the country from the mouth of Salt River to Loutre Island. Cote Sans Dessein, on the Missouri River, and now in Callaway County, was settled by a small party of Frenchmen in 1808. The first permanent settlement within the present limits of Howard County was made in 18 10. Perhaps a few may have preceded them the year before. But in the year 1810 a colony of about 150 families, chiefly Kentuckians, settled on the rich alluvial lands in the Missouri Bottom about Franklin, in what is now Howard County. During the summer of 1812, after the declaration of war against Great Britain, bands of hostile Indians lurked about the Boone's Lick Coun- try and along the Missouri River, plundering and stealing horses. A large tribe of Miami Indians had a village made of poles, and located HISTORICAL SKETCH. 689 cm the Little Osage plains near the Missouri River in what is now Saline County. The Boone's Lick Country was chiefly disturbed by the Pottawattamies, who were the champion horse thieves of the frontier, and who stole some 300 horses from the settlements. Of more warlike and bloody intent were the Foxes, lowas and Kickapoos, whose hostilities exposed the lives of the settlers to great and constant perils. Living as these pioneers did, beyond the organized jurisdiction of any county, they were a protection and government to themselves ; and for two years, unaided by territorial authority, sustained the conflict with the Indians with dauntless heroism. To protect themselves and families, they erected 5 stockade forts. Four of these forts were in the present limits of Howard County, and all named in honor of some leading man of the "settlements." There was Cooper's Fort in the bottom prairie near Boone's Lick Salt Works, nearly opposite the present town of Arrow Rock ; Kincaid's Fort, only a mile above the site on which Old Franklin was afterwards built ; Fort Hemstead, i mile north of Franklin ; Cole's Fort, 2 miles below Boon- ville and on the Cooper side ; Head's Fort, a few miles north of Roche- port, in Boone County, and near the present crossing of the Old St. Charles road on the Moniteau, a large stream which for some distance from its mouth forms the boundary between the counties of Boone and Howard. The commanders of these forts were Capt. Stephen Cole, after whom Cole County was named ; William Head and Sarshall Cooper — Cooper County being called in honor of the latter. Corn fields, which were cul- tivated in common, stood near these forts. Sentinels kept guard around them, while others plowed the fields ; and if danger was seriously appre- hended horns were blown as signals to rally to the forts. Frequent deaths occurred at the hands of the savages, sometimes by outright assas- sinations under the cover of night ', at other times in conflicts in field or forest. Many of these incidents are noticed in the history of the different counties. DANIEL BOONE AND THE BOONE's LICK COUNTRY. The first considerable settlement in Missouri after those of St. Louis and St. Charles was in the Boone's Lick Country, which was first settled by Daniel Boone, so distinguished in the history of Kentucky and the West. Daniel Boone was born in Exeter township, Bucks County, Pennsyl- vania, and in 1732 he emigrated to North Carolina, and left that State for Kentucky in May 1769. He came to Missouri in 1795 or 1797, probably the latter year. Renouncing his allegiance to the United Sta'tes, he became a Spanish subject, and Delassus, July nth, 1800, appointed him commander of Ferame Osage. He discharged the duties 690 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL of his position with credit to himself and the satisfaction of all con- cerned, until by the terms of the transfer of the Territory to the United States, he became again a citizen of his native country. He hunted over the Boone's Lick country between 1804 and 1808; discovered the Salt Springs, and his sons were the first to settle in that section. He died and was buried near Marthasville, Warren County, Sept. 26, 1820. MISSOURI AS A STATE. In 1818 Missouri applied for admission into the Union as a sovereign State, Hon. John Scott at that time being the delegate to Congress. The bill to authorize the people of the Territory to elect members of a con- vention to form a State Constitution being presented, an anti-slavery restriction was introduced by Mr. Talmadge of New York, whereupon there arose in Congress a discussion, continuing during two sessions, which convulsed the country and threatened a dissolution of the National Union. The people of the Territory of Missouri were much divided and excited on the subject. Indeed so great were the divisions and so violent and bitter the discussions, that the peace of the country was in peril, and the progress of improvement retarded. Added to these causes of popular estrangement and disorder, were the suspension of specie payment by the banks of most of the States, and the failure of the banks in St. Louis. Finally, however, after two years of fierce contro- versy in Congress, the " Missouri Compromise " was effected by the act of the 6th of March, 1820, the terms of which being accepted by the representatives of the people in a convention held at St. Louis on July 19th, 1820, Missouri was admitted as one of the sovereign States of the Union. Delegates to a convention to form a State Constitution were elected in May 1820, and on June 12th, they met in the Mansion House, now known as the Denver House, corner of Third and Vine street, St. Louis. David Barton was elected president, and Wm. G. Pettis secretary. The following are the names of the members of the convention, and the counties they represented : Cape Girardeau — Stephen Byrd, James Evans, Richard S. Thomas, Alexander Buckner, Joseph McFerron. Cooper — Robert P. Clark, Robert Wallace, Wm. Lillard. Franklin — John G. Heath. Howard — Nicholas S. Burkhartt, Duff Green, John Ray, Jonathan S. Findlay, Benj. H. Reeves. Jefferson — Daniel Hammond. Lincoln — Malcolm Henry. Montgomery — Jonathan Ramsey, James Talbott. Madison — Nathanael Cook. New Madrid — Robert D. Dawson, Christopher G. Houts. Pike — Stephen Cleaver. St. Charles — Benj. Emmons, Nathan Boone, Hiram H. Baber. Ste. Genevieve — John D. Cook, Henry Dodge, Jno. Scott, R. T. Brown. St. Louis— David Barton, Edward HISTORICAL SKETCH. 691 Eates, Alexander McNair, Wm. Rector, John C. Sullivan, Pierre Ghou- teau, Jr., Bernard Pratte, Thos. F. Riddick. Washington— Jno. Rice Jones, Samuel Perry, John Hutchings. Wayne — Elijah Bettis. This convention formed the first constitution of the State. It took effect from the authority of the convention itself, no provision being made to refer it to the people for adoption. It withstood the mutations of parties and all efforts at material amend- ment, from the time of its adoption till the convention of 1865. The first general assembly under the constitution met in St. Louis on .the third Monday in September, 1820, and was conposed of^i4 senators and forty-three representatives. Thomas H. Benton and David Barton were elected U. S. Senators. At a general election held in the State on the fourth Monday in August, 1820, Alexander McNair was chosen governor ; Wm. H. Ashley, lieute- nant-governor, and John Scott representative to Congress. On Nov. 28th, 1820, an act of the legislature was passed fixing the seat of government at St. Charles until Oct. ist, 1826, when it was moved to Jefferson City. POPULATION IN 1 82 1. In Sept. 1821, the first census of the State was taken, showing 70,647 inhabitants, of whom 11,254 were slaves. By counties, of which there •were 25, the enumeration was as follows : Boone 3)692 Montgomery 2,032 Callaway 1,797 .New Madrid 2,444 Cape Girardeau 7^852 Perry i.59f> Chariton 1,426 Pike 2,677 Cole 1,028 Ralls 1,684 Cooper 3,483 Ray 1,789 Franklin 1,928 Saline 1,176 Gasconade 1,174 St. Charles 4,058 Howard 7,321 Ste. Genevieve 3,181 Jefferson 1,838 St. Louis 8,190 ^Lillard 1,340 Washington 3,741 Lincoln 1,674 Wayne 1,614 Marion 1^907 The total vote of the State at the congressional election in August 1822, was 9,914. The first revising session of the legislature was held in 1824-5. Previous to its assembling, the entire code had been revised -with great care by Henry S. Geyer, speaker of the house of representa- tives, and Rufus Pettibone, one of the judges of the supreme court, who had been appointed for the purpose. Very few changes in the revision of these distinguished citizens were made by the general assembly, and * Afterwards changed to Lafayette. 692 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OP MISSOURL the laws were published in two volumes by authority of an act passed Feb. nth, 1825. THE FIRST STEAMBOATS. The first steamboat which ascended the Mississippi above the mouthi of the Ohio was the Gen. Pike, Capt. Jacob Read, which landed in St. Louis at the foot of Market street August 2d, 181 7, and was hailed by the citizens with demonstrations of joy. The next was the Constitution, Capt. R. T. Guyard, which arrived Oct. 2d, 181 7. There were several arrivals during the year 18 18. The Independence, Capt. Nelson, from Louisville, Ky., was the pioneer steamboat in the navigation of the Missouri, and the first to enter that stream. She left St. Louis May 15th, 1819, and arrived at Franklin, Howard County, on May 28th, occasioning, the wildest excitement and the greatest joy among the people. A public meeting was at once called to celebrate the event, at which toasts were offered and speeches delivered. Capt. Asa Morgan was president, and Dr. N. Hutchinson vice-president of the meeting. The Independence continued her voyage to Old Chariton, now an abandoned town a short distance above Glasgow, returned to Franklin on the 3d of June, and took freight for Louisville. In 1818 the Government of the United States projected the celebrated Yellowstone expedition, the objects of which were to ascertain whether the Missouri river was navigable by steamboats, and to establish a line of'forts from its mouth to the Yellowstone. The expedition started from Plattsburg, New York, in 1818, under command of Col. Henry Atkinson. Gen. Nathan Ranney, now a well icnown citizen of St. Louis, was an. attache of this expedition ; also Capt. Wm. D. Hubbell, of Columbia, Missouri. It arrived at Pittsburg in the spring of 1819, where Col. S. H. Long, topographical engineer of the United States Army had con- structed the Western Engineer, a small steamer to be used by him and his scientific corps in pioneering the expedition to the mouth of the- Yellowstone. The boat was a small one with a stern wheel, and only sufficient capacity to transport the instruments, stores and baggage of the corps of engineers. Its steam was discharged through the red mouth of a huge metallic serpen.t, with forked tongue, projecting from the boat's prow. The Indians on the shores of the river were greatly excited and alarmed by the presence of this huge water-monster, and believed it was carried on the back of a serpent and propelled by the "Great Spirit." This boat arrived at St. Louis June 8th, 1819, and on the 21st of the same month, in company with the Government steamers -^.^/^^////d^^, Capt. Craig, Thomas Jefferson, Capt. Orfort, and R. M. Johnson, Capt. Col- fax, and 9 keel boats,* left on their long and perilous voyage. Their *The keel boats had been fitted out with wheels and masts by Aaron Sutton, the father of Richard D. Sutton, now a well known citizen of St. Louis. HISTORICAL SKETCH. 693 entrance into the mouth of the Missouri river was signalized by music, waking the echoes of the forest wilds, and by the streaming of flags in the breeze. It was the intention, out of respect to ex-President Jefferson, who had done so much to acquire Louisiana, to award the honor of the first entrance to the steamer bearing his name, but an accident to her machinery caused a temporary delay, and therefore the entry was made by the Expedition, which slowly steamed her way to Fort Belle Fountain, situ- ated about 4 miles up the river. Afterwards they proceeded on their voyage ; the Jefferson, however, some distance up the river, being wrecked and lost. THE BLACK HAWK WAR was inaugurated in Illinois by Black Hawk, an Indian brave — not a chief — who from sheer revenge for fancied wrongs, organized a band from the Sacs, Foxes, and Winnebagoes, who had made common cause with the British in the War of 181 2. The proximity of these hostilities to the Missouri frontier caused Gov. John Miller to adopt precautionary measures to avert the calamities of an invasion which seemed imminent. Therefore, in May 1832 he ordered Maj. Gen. Richard Gentry, of Columbia, Missouri, (of whom James S. Rollins, Caleb S. Stone and Calvin L. Perry were aids-de- camp,) to raise without delay one thousand mounted volunteers for the defense of the frontiers of the State, to be held in readiness to start at a moment's warning. Accordingly, on the 29th of May, 1832, orders were issued by Gen. Gentry to Brigadier-Generals Benjamin Miens, commanding the 7th, Jonathan Riggs, 8th, and Jessee T. Wood, 9th brigade, 3d division, to raise the required quota, — the first raised four hundred, and each of the latter three hundred men — and each "to keep in readiness a horse with the necessary equipment, and a rifle in good order, with an ample supply of ammunition," etc. Five companies were at once raised in Boone County and others in Callaway, Montgomery, St. Charles, Lincoln, Pike, Marion, Ralls and Monroe. Two of them, Capt. John Jamison's, of Callaway, and Capt. David M. Hickman's, of Boone, in July 1832 were mustered into service for 30 days, and placed under command of Maj. Thomas W. Conyers, with orders to march to the mouth of the Des Moines, and to range from thence to the head waters of Salt River, and on towards the main Chariton. This detachment, accompanied by Gen. Gentry in person, at once took up the line of march for the northern frontier; arrived at Palmyra July loth, and at Fort Pike 5 days afterward. This fort was 694 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. built by Capt. Mace, of the "Volunteer Rangers," and was situated lo miles from the mouth of the Des Moines in what is now Clark County. Finding "the wars and rumors of wars " much exaggerated, and that no hostile Indians had crossed into Missouri, Gen. Gentry ordered work to be discontinued on Fort Matson, 65 miles from Fort Pike and within 8 miles of the Chariton, and left for Columbia where he arrived on the 19th of July. Maj. Conyers' detachment was left at Fort Pike, with (to quote Gen. Gentry's report to the Governor), "something like 40 barrels of flour, 2 hogsheads of bacon, 4 barrels of whisky and 100 bushels of corn." On August 5th, Maj. Conyers' command was relieved by two other companies under Capt. Sinclair Kirtley, of Boone, and Patrick Ewing of Callaway. Col. Austin A. King marched the detachment to Fort Pike, and conducted those who were relieved to their homes. Maj. Conyers was retained in command of the fort. In September the Indian troubles having seemingly subsided, all the troops on the northern frontier were mustered out of service, and thus ended the Black Hawk War in Missouri. But it did not thus or at this time end in Illinois. On Aug. 29, 1833, Black Hawk was captured by two Winnebagoes and delivered to the U. S. officers at Prairie du Chien. THE FLORIDA WAR Grew out of the opposition of the Seminole Indians to their removal by the United States west of the Mississippi. One of the last regular battles and most signal victories of this conflict, occurred on 0-kee-cho-bee, in the southern part of Florida, on Dec. 25th, 1837. A regiment of Mis- souri Volunteers, raised chiefly in Boone and other central counties, and commanded by Col. Richard Gentry, of Columbia, participated in the bloody scenes of that day. Col. Gentry was killed while gallantly lead- ing his men. His body was afterwards recovered, and buried by the United States at Jeflerson Barracks, and a suitable monument erected to his memory. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1 845. At the August election of 1845, sixty-six members were chosen by the people to a convention to remodel the constitution. Representation under the old constitution, which allowed each county at least one repre- sentative, and limited the whole number to one hundred members in the lower branch of the General Assembly, had become very unequal. Chiefly to remedy this irregularity, but at the same time for other purposes, the convention was called. It convened at Jefferson City, on November 17th, 1845, ^"^^ organized by the election of Robert W. Wells as president ; Claiborne F. Jackson, vice-president; and R. Walker, secretary. HISTORICAL SKETCH. 695 Some of the most able and distinguished men of the State were mem- bers of this body. The whole organic law was reviewed and in many material respects remodeled. The convention adopted — ayes 49, nays 13 — a new constitution, and submitted it to the people, and adjourned sine die January 14th, 1846. During the canvass it was very generally discussed by the newspapers and candidates, and finally, at the August election, rejected by about 9,000 majority, the whole number of votes cast being about 60,000. THE MEXICAN WAR. The annexation of Texas was the alleged cause of the declaration of war by Mexico against the United States in April 1846. This was soon followed by a counter-declaration by the American Congress, that " a state of war exists between Mexico and the United States." Soon after this counter-declaration, the Mexicans crossed the Rio Grande in strong force, headed by their famous Generals Arista and Ampudia, and on the 8th and 9th of May, at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, were met and repulsed with great slaughter by Gen. Taylor, of the ''Army of Occu- pation." This fact created great excitement in St. Louis and the sur- rounding country. Volunteers flocked to the standard of the United States, and the "St. Louis Legion," a military organization under command of Col. A. R. Easton, quickly prepared for the field of action. In the meantime supplies were being raised for them by liberal subscrip- tions all over the city. At a public meeting, Col. J. B. Brant subscribed $1,000, and James H. Lucas, Bryan Mullanphy, Benjamin Stickney and many others made generous additions to the amount already donated. In a few days the ' ' Legion ' ' departed for the seat of war, under the command of Col. Easton ; prior, however, to the final farewells, they received a grand public ovation, which clearly demonstrated the deep interest of all the citizens in their welfare. About the middle of May, Gov. Edwards of Missouri called for vol- unteers to join the " Army of the West," — an expedition to Santa Fe — under command of Gen. Stephen W. Kearney. Corps of mounted volunteers were speedily organized, and early in June began to arrive at Fort Leavenworth, the appointed rendezvous. By the 18th of the month, the full complement of companies to compose the first regiment having arrived from the counties of Jackson, Lafayette, Clay, Saline, Franklin, Cole, Howard and Callaway, an election was held, which resulted in the choice of Alexander W. Doniphan, colonel ; C. F. Ruff, lieutenant- colonel; and Wm. Gilpin, major. The battalion of light artillery from St. Louis was commanded by Captains R. A. Weightman and A. W. Fischer, with Major M. L. Clark as its field officer ) battalions of infantry from Platte and Cole Counties commanded by Captains Murphy and W. Z. Augney, respectively; 696 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL "Laclede Rangers," from St. Louis, Capt. Thomas B. Hudson — in all, 1,658 men, 16 pieces of ordnance (12 six-pounders and 4 twelve-pound howitzers), under the command of Gen. Kearney. We cannot follow this command through the great solitudes between Fort Leavenworth and Santa Fe, which place it reached on August i8th; nor in its heroic and successful descent upon Chihuahua under the command of Col. Doni- phan, — Gen. Kearney having left for the Pacific coast. Suffice to say that the battles of Brazito, Sacramento and Chihuahua will ever be remembered in history for the valor displayed by the ''Army of the West" from Missouri. Early in the summer of 1846, Hon. Sterling Price, a member of Congress from Missouri, resigned, and was designated by President Polk to command another regiment of Volunteers from Missouri, to reinforce the "Army of the West." This force consisted of a full mounted regiment, one mounted extra battalion, and one extra battalion of Mormon infantry. The complement of men was soon raised, consisting of companies from the counties of Boone, Benton, Carroll, Chariton, Linn, Livingston, Monroe, Randolph, Ste. Genevieve and St. Louis; and about the first of August rendezvoused at Fort Leavenworth. Not- withstanding the President had named Sterling Price as a suitable commander of this (the 2d) regiment, many of the volunteers thought if he commanded at all, it ought to be by virtue of their free suffrages, choosing him as Colonel. An election was accordingly held. Sterling Price was elected Colonel, and D. D. Mitchell, Lieutenant-Colonel. With this force. Col. Price took up the line of march for Santa Fe, over the same route pursued by Kearney and Doniphan, and on Septem- ber 28th, three days after Gen. Kearney's departure for California, ar- rived in very feeble health. In August, Gov. Edwards made another requisition for one thousand men, to consist of infantry, to be ready to march close in the rear of Col. Price's command. It was raised in an incredibly short time, and chose Major Daugherty, of Clay, forColonel, but before the receipt of marching orders, the President countermanded the order under which the force was mustered. THE LATE CIVIL WAR. Missouri did not escape the bitter discussions which preceded the late Civil War. These related to the institution of slavery, the rights of the States under the Constitution, and our relations to the Federal Union. Several of the southern States having passed ordinances of secession, and Missouri being a border slave State, our people were precipitated by rapidly occurring events into serious divisions and excitement ; and Mis- souri was so deeply involved in the troubles in Kansas, that the subject' of the conflict between the North and South was developed in this State HISTORICAL SKETCH. 697 almost at the very beginning of the nwvement. In alluding to this sub- ject, and as expressing what he believed to be the true policy of the State, Governor R. M. Stewart, in his valedictory on the 3d of January, 1861, said : "Our people would feel more sympathy with the movement had it not originated among those who, like ourselves, have suffered severe losses and constant annoyance from the interference and depredations of outsiders. Missouri will hold to the Union so long as it is worth the effort to preserve it. She cannot be frightened by the past unfriendly legislation of the North, or dragooned into secession by the restrictive legislation of the extreme South." Governor Jackson, his successor, in his inaugural, on the day following, insisted that Missouri must stand by the other slaveholding States, what- -ever course they might pursue. CONVENTION OF 1861-63. The General Assembly, on Jan. 21st, ordered an election to take place •on Feb. iSth, to choose by senatorial districts, 99 members to a conven- tion to ** consider the then existing relations between the United States, the people and government of the different States, and the government and people of the State of Missouri ; and to adopt such measures for vin- dicating the sovereignty of the State and the protection of its institutions, as shall appear to them to be demanded." The election of Union men as delegates, by a large majority, showed clearly that the public sentiment had settled in hostility to secession, and in favor of a continuance of Missouri within the Union. The convention assembled Feb. 28th, at the court-house in Jefferson City, the Legislature then occupying the State House. Sterling Price and Robert Wilson were elected president and vice-president. The conven- tion after a short and stormy session, having transacted but little business, on March 4th, adjourned to St. Louis. There — 63 ayes to 53 nays — the convention consented to hear from Mr. Glenn, a commissioner from the State of Georgia, who submitted the articles of secession adopted by his State, and earnestly urged Missouri to join the Southern Confederacy A large number of citizens were present, in the lobby, who made demonstrations of displeasure and dis- satisfaction, which the President found it impossible to suppress. On the next day, a committee from the convention waited on Mr. Glenn, •.stating that "Missouri emphatically declined to share the honors of secession." The convention, on March 19th, passed a resolution — 89 ayes to i nay — declaring, "there is no adequate cause to impel Missouri to dissolve her connection with the Federal Union." Afterwards, the following resolution was adopted — yeas 86, nays 6 : " That the con- •vention cherishes an earnest desire to prevent civil war, and that this would 2>e promoted by the withdrawal of the Federal troops from those forts 698 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. where there is danger of collision, and that the convention recommend this policy." After appointing seven delegates to the proposed Border State Convention, this body adjourned, March 2 2d, until the 3rd Monday in December, subject however, to be convened at an earlier day and different place, by the committee on Federal Relations. The convention adjourned amid great events, and during the pendency of others of still graver magnitude. Soon after its adjournment, Fort Sumter was fired upon, and President Lincoln made arrequisition for 75,000 troops. The country, north and south, was on the eve of civil war; the collision at Camp Jackson had occurred, followed in a few weeks by the battle of Boonville. In the Legislature a resolution was passed, 62 to 42, declaring it inex- pedient for that body to take any steps for a National Convention to propose any amendments to the Constitution, thus dissenting from the recommendation of the State convention, The Governor, in a message in April, declaring his policy to be in favor of peace, urged the president of the convention not to convene that body for the consideration of a secession ordinance, and expressed himself in favor of retaining the present status of the State, leaving it to time and circumstances as they might arise, to determine the best course for Missouri to pursue. While the military bill was pending, the news of the surrender of Camp Jackson was announced in the Legislature, a panic ensued, and the military bill was passed at once, creating a fund for arming and equipping the militia — appropriating all the money in the Treasury, as well as that to be received from the assessments for 1860-61, and the proceeds of the moneys levied for other purposes, except a sufficiency to carry on the State government and support its penal and benevolent institutions. The Governor was authorized to purchase arms and muni- tions of war. Every able-bodied man was made subject to military duty, and required by oath to obey only the Governor, who was made com- mander-in-chief. Unexampled and wide-spread excitement pervaded the State ; and in the midst of threatened perils and impending war, the convention was called by a majority of the committee to meet at Jefferson City, on the 22d of July. It declared the office of president vacant, and elected Robert Wilson to occupy that position. Among other acts, it passed an ordinance (56 to 25) declaring the office of Governor, Lieut. Governor and Secretary of State vacant ; and elected Hamilton R. Gamble, Governor; Willard P. Hall, Lieut. Governor; and Mordecai Oliver, Secretary of State ; and on the 31st, the ninth day of its session, adjourned. It met at St. Louis, Oct. loth, 1861, and adjourned on the i8th ; and at Jefferson City, June 2d, 1862, and adjourned on the 14th. June 15th, 1863, it met at Jefferson City, and adjourned sine die July ist. The acts and ordinances of this body, although not very voluminous or HISTORICAL SKETCH. 699 great in number, were of the gravest importance. Great and serious divisions existed among the people of Missouri during the war, and large armies on both sides were often within her borders, between whom bloody battles were fought, the memory whereof is too vivid in the minds of all to require recital here. CONVENTION OF 1 865. On Feb. 13th, 1864, the General Assembly passed an act authorizing the call of a convention "to consider such amendments to the constitution of the State as might be by it deemed necessary for the emancipation of slaves ; to preserve in purity the elective franchise to loyal citizens, and for the promotion of the public good." This convention was composed of sixty-six members, and met in St. Louis on January 6.th, 1865, and was organized by the election of Arnold Krekel president. The ordinance emancipating the slaves in the State was passed by this convention on January nth — ayes 60, nays 4 — and took effect imme diately. After adopting — ayes 38, noes 13 — a new constitution very materially changing the old one, and passing an ordinance submitting it to the vote of the people in June following, the convention, on the loth of April, adjourned sine die. Among the marked changes in the* constitution submitted, were: Sections prohibiting any religious society from owning, if in the country, more than 5 acres of land, and if in a town or city, more than one acre ; also rendering void all legacies and devises to any minister or religious teacher as such, and to any religious society. Sections establishing an " Oath of Loyalty," and declaring that no person who did not take the oath could vote, or hold any State, county or municipal office, or act as a teacher in any school, or preach, or solemnize marriage, or practice law. A section that carries with it the taxing of churches, cemeteries, etc. A section specially designed to prevent the State from furnishing fur- ther railroad aid. An educational qualification for suffrage as follows : After the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and seventy- six, every person who was not a qualified voter prior to that time, shall in addition to the other qualifications required, be able to read and write, in order to become a qualified voter ; unless his inability to read and write shall be the result of a physical debility. On the ist of July, 1865, Governor Fletcher made proclamation of the adoption of the constitution by the people — for it, 43.670, against it, 41,808 — and that instrument, with the exception of a few amendments since adopted, is now the organic law of the commonwealth of MissourL CHANGES IN GOVERNMENT, Name and Area of the territory formerly associated with, and now com- prising the State of Missouri, together with a complete list of the Governors and Members of Congress. By Capt. J. P. Cadman, A. M., St. Louis. UNDER THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT. April 9th, 1682, Robert Cavalier de La Salle took formal possession of the country near the mouth of the Mississippi in the name of the King of France, and gave the new province the title of Louisiana. By this act France claimed dominion over nearly the entire Valley of the Mississippi. By treaty with England Feb. loth, 1763, France relinquished her claim to the country lying east of the Mississippi River. The Province of Louisiana from that time till about 1776, con- tained an estimated area of 1,160,577 square miles. Its chief officer was styled "Governor of the Province of Louisiana," with official resi- dence from 1698 to 1 701 at Fort Biloxi, near New Orleans, and from 1 701 to 1723 at Mobile, when it was again located at New Orleans, where it remained without further change. COMMANDANT. April 9th, 1682, Robert Cavalier de La Salle. GOVERNORS. 1698-July 22, 1701 — Sauvolle. 1733-May 10, 1743 — Bienville. July 22, 1701-May 17, 1713 — Bienville. May 10, 1743-Feb. 9, 1753 — Marquis de May 17, 1713-1717 — Lamothe Cadillac. Vaudreuil.* March 9, 1717-1718 — De I'Epinay. Feb. 9, 1753-June 29, 1763 — Kerlerec. Marchg, I7i8--Jan. 16,1724 — Bienville. June 29, 1763-Feb. 4, 1765 — M. D'Ab- Jan. 16, 1724-1726 — Boisbriant. badie. 1726-1733 — P6rier. Feb. 1765 — M. Aubry, acting governor. The Province of Upper Louisiana (sometimes called Illinois) embraced nearly all the province of Louisiana, except that part lying south of what is now the State of Arkansas. Capital, St. Louis. COMMANDANT. July 17,1765 to May 20, 1770 — Louis St, Ange de Bellerive, de facto. ♦From an original document in the' possession of Hon. Wilson Primm, we leam that Vaudreuil was also Captain of Marines and Knight of the Royal and Military Order of St. Louis. CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 701 UNDER THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT. On November 3d, 1762, France ceded Louisiana to Spain, but the Spanish authorities did not take possession of Upper Louisiana till May 20th, 1770. The chief officer was styled "Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Upper Louisiana." Capital, St. Louis. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS.* May 20, 1770-May 19, 1775 — Pedro Sept. 24, 1780-Nov. 27, 1787— Francisco Piernas. Cruzat. May 19, 1775-June 17, 1778— Francisco Nov. 27, 1787-July 21, 1792— Manuel Cruzat. Perez. Junei7, 1778-June 8, 1780— Fernando De July 21, 1792- Aug. 29, 1799 — Zenon Leyba. Trudeau. June 8, 1 780-Sept. 24, 1780— Silvio Fran- Aug. 29, 1799-March 9, 1804— Carlos Cisco de Cartabona, acting. 'Dehault Delassus. UNDER FRENCH GOVERNMENT. By treaty of Oct. ist, 1800, ratified March 21st, 1801, Spain retro- ceded Louisiana to France, but Upper Louisiana was not transferred until March 9th, 1804, at St. Louis. AGENT AND COMMISSIONER. March 9, 1804-March 10, 1804— Amos Stoddard.f UNDER U. S. GOVERNMENT. On April 30th, 1803, France ceded the province of Louisiana to the United States, but Upper Louisiana was not transferred until March loth, 1804, at St. Louis, From the latter date until Oct. ist, 1804, the executive was styled " acting civil commandant of the province of Upper Louisiana," and had " the powers and prerogatives of a Spanish lieutenant-governor. ' ' COMMANDANT. March 10, 1804-October i, 1804 — Capt. Amos Stoddard. The District of Louisiana was the name from Oct. ist, 1804, to March 3d, 1805, given by Congress to all that part of the territory pur- chased by the United States from France, except that portion lying south of what is now the State of Arkansas. The area of the " District of Louisiana" was about 1,122,975 square miles, and embraced what is now known as the States of Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska and Oregon and the largest parts of Kansas and Minnesota, also the Territo- ries of Washington, Montana, Idaho, Dacotah and parts of Wyoming, ♦Compiled from Livre Terrien. fCapt. Stoddard had, on Jan. 12th, 1804, been appointed temporarily agent and commissioner of the French Republic ; in that capacity he received the province from Delassus March 9th, and on the following day delivered it to himself for the United States. Capt. Stoddard received it on behalf of the United States, by authority derived from Wm. C. C. Claiborne, Governor of Mississippi, who, by act of Con- gress, was ex-officio governor of the new purchase. 702 CHANGES IN GOVERNMENT. Colorado and Indian, The government of this immense territory was assigned temporarily to the ofificers of the Territory of Indiana, the cap- ital of which was then Vincennes. GOVERNOR. Oct. I, 1804-March 3, 1805 — William Henry Harrison. The Territory of Louisiana was erected by Congress March 3d, 1805, with the same limits as the District of Louisiana. It had a gov- ernor and two judges of the superior court, and the three constituted the legislature. Capital, St. Louis. This organization continued till Dec. 7th, 181 2. GOVERNORS. March 3, 1805, to 1806 — James WilkinsoTi. Sept., 1809-Sept. 19,1810 — Fred. Bates, Last part of 1806 — Joseph Brown, secre- secretary and acting-governor. tary and acting-governor. Sept. 19, 1810-Nov. 29, 1812 — Benjamin May, 1807-Oct., 1807 — PVederick Bates, Howard. secretary and acting-governor. Nov. 29, 1812-Dec. 7, 1812 — Fred. Bates, 1807-Sept. 1809 — Meriwether Lewis. secretary and acting-governor. The Territory of Missouri was erected by act of Congress ap- proved June 4th, to take effect December 7th, 1812, and had the same limits, government and capital as the Territory of Louisiana. It was entitled to one delegate in Congress. The County of St. Charles, formed under this organization, and being defined as all that part of the ter- ritory lying north of the Missouri River and west of the Mississippi, stretching off to the Pacific Ocean and the British Possessions, must have been one of the largest counties ever formed in America. The Territory of Missouri continued its organization till Sept. 19th, 1820. Delegates in Congress. — Edward Hempstead, from Dec. 7th, 181 2 to 1 81 4; RufusEaston, from i8i4to 1816; and John Scott, from 18 16 to 1820. GOVERNORS. Dec. 7, 1812-July, 1813 — Fred. Bates, July, 1813-1820 — "William Clark, secretary and acting-governor. The State of Missouri, as organized in conformity with the act of Congress passed March 6th, 1820, comprised an area of 62,182 square miles. The convention, to frame a State constitution, met in St. Louis on July 19th, 1820. The State officers assumed their duties Sept. 19th, and the first State legislature convened Sept. 28th, 1820. By joint resolution of Congress, March 2, 1821, the admission of the State was further provided for, and by proclamation of August loth, 182 1, Missouri was admitted as a State. By act of Congress June 7th, 1836, which took effect by pro- clamation March 28th, 1837, the western boundary of the State was extended to include the "Platte Purchase," area 3,168 square miles. Present area of the State 65,350 square miles. The capital of the State was at St. Louis until November ist, 1821, at St. Charles from 1821 to October ist, 1826, and since the latter date at Jefferson City. CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 703 GOVERNORS. 1820 — Alexander McNair. 1824 — Frederick Bates — Deceased. 1825 — Abraham J. Williams — vice Bates. 1826 — John Miller — vice Bates. 1828— John Miller. 1832 — Daniel Dunklin — Resigned; ap- pointed surveyor-general U. S. 1836 — Lilbum. W. Boggs — vice Dunklin. 1836 — Lilburn W. Boggs. 1840 — Thos. Reynolds — Died 1844. 1844 — M. M. Marmaduke — vice Reynolds. 1844 — John C. Edwards. 1848 — Austin A. King. 1852 — Sterling Price. 1856 — Trusten Polk — Resigned. , 1857 — Hancock Jackson — vice Polk. 1857— Robert M. Stev/zrt— vice Polk. i860 — C. F. Jackson — Office vacated by ordinance. 1861 — Hamilton R. Gamble — vice Jack- son ; Gov. Gamble died January 31, 1864. 1864— Willard P. Hall— vice Gamble. 1864— Thos. C. Fletcher. 1868— Joseph W. McClurg. 1870 — B. Gratz Brovt'n. 1872 — Silas Woodson. SENATORS. 1820— Thos. Hart Benton. 1820 — David Barton. 1824 — David Barton, 1826— Thos. Hart Benton. 1830 — Alexander Buckner — Died in 1833. 1832 — Thos. Hart Benton. 1833 — Lewis Field Linn — vice Buckner. 1836 — I^wis Field Linn. 1838— Thos. Hart Benton. 1842 — Lewis Field Linn — Died 1843. 1843 — David R. Atchison — vice Linn. 1844 — David R. Atchison. 1844 — Thos. Hart Benton. 1849 — David R. Atchison. 1851 — Henry S. Geyer. 1857 — James S. Green. 1857— Trusten Polk. 1861 — Waldo Porter Johnson. 1862 — Robert Wilson. 1863 — B. Gratz Brown. 1863 — Jbhn B. Henderson. 1867— Chas. D. Drake— Resigned 1870. 1869— Carl Schurz. 1870 — Daniel F. Jewett — vice Drake. 1871 — Francis P. Blair, Jr. 1873 — Lewis V. Bogy. REPRESENTATIVES. CONG. YEAR. 17th, I 8th, 19th, 20th, 2 1st, 22d, 22d, 23d, 23d, 24th, 24th, 25th, 25th, 26th, 26th, 26th, 27th, 27th, 28th, 28th, 28th, 28th, 820 — John Scott. 822 — John Scott. 824 — John Scott. 826 — Edward Bates. 828 — Spencer Pettis. 830 — Spencer Pettis — Died 1 83 1. 831 — Wm. H. Ashley — wV^ Pettis. 832— Wm. H. Ashley. 832— John Bull. 834— Wm. H. Ashley. 834 — Albert G. Harrison. 836 — Albert G. Harrison. 836— John Miller. 838— A. G. Harrison— Died 1839. 838— John Miller. 839 — J. Jameson — vice Harrison. 840 — John Miller. 840 — John C. Edwards. 842 — James M. Hughes. 842 — James H. Relfe. 842 — John Jameson. 842 — James B. Bowlin. CONG. YEAR. NAMES. 28th, 1842 — Gustavus M. Brown. 29th, 1844 — James B. Bowlin. 29th, 1844 — James H. Relfe. 29th, 1844 — Sterling Price — Resigned. 29th, 1844 — John S. Phelps. 29th, 1844 — Leonard H. Sims. 29th, 1846 — Wm. McDaniel — vice Price. 30th, 1846 — Jas. B. Bowlin, 1st district. 30th, 1846 — John Jameson, 2d district. 30th, 1846 — James S. Green, 3d district. 30th, 1846— Willard P. Hall, 4th district. 30th, 1846 — John S. Phelps, 5th district. 31st, 1848 — James B. Bowlin, ist district. 31st, 1848— Wm. V.N. Bay, 2d district. 31st, 1848 — James S. Green 3d district. 31st, 1848— Willard P. Hall, 4th district. 31st, 1848 — John S. Phelps, 5th district. 32d, 1850 — John F. Darby, ist district. 32d, 1850 — Gilchrist Porter, 2d district. 32d, 1850 — John G. Miller, 3d district. 32d, 1850— Willard P. Hall, 4th district. 32d, 1850— John S. Phelps, 5th district. 704 CHANGES IN GOVERNMENT. REPRESENTATIVES— Continued. 33(1, 33d. 33d, 33d, ZZ^, 34th, 34th, 34th, 34th, 34th, 34th, 34th, 34th, 35th, 35th, 35th, 35th. 35th, 35th, 35th, 35th, 36th, 36th, 36th, 36th, 36th, 36th, 36th, 36th, 36th, 37th, 37th, 37th, 37th, 37th, 37th, 37th, 37th, 37th. 38th, 38th, 38th, 38th, 38th, 38th, VEAR. NAMES. CONG. 852— Thos. H.Benton, ist district. 38th, 852— Alfred W. Lamb, 2d district. 38th, 852 — John G. Miller, 3d district. 38th, 852 — Mordecai Oliver, 4th district. 38th, 852— John S. rhelps, 5th district. 852 — James I. Lindley. 39th, 852 — Samuel Caruthers. 39th, 854 — L. M. Kennett, 1st district. 39th, 854 — Gilchrist Porter, 2d district. 39th, 854 — James I. Lindley, 3d district. 39th, 854 — Mordecai Oliver, 4th district. 39th, 854 — ^John G. Miller, 5th district ; 39th, died 1855. 39th, 854— John S. Phelps, 6th district. 39th, 854 — Sam'l Caruthers, 7th district. 40th, 855 — Thomas P. Aken, 5th dist.; 40th, vice Miller, deceased. 40th, 856— Francis P. Blair, Jr., 1st dist. 856 — T. L. Anderson, 2d district. 40th, 856 — James S. Green, 3d district; 40th, U. S. Senator, 1857. 856 — James Craig, 4th district. 40th, 856 — James H. Woodson, 5th dist. 40th, 856 — John S. Phelps, 6th district. 40th, 856 — Sam'l Caruthers, 7th district. 40th, 85 7 — John B. Clark, 3d district, vice 40th, Green. 858— J. Richard Barrett, 1st dis- 40th, trict; declared not elected. 858 — Thos. L. Anderson, 2d dist. 41st, 858— John B. Clark, 3d district. 41st, 858 — James Craig, 4th district. 41st, 858 — James H. Woodson, 5th dist. 41st, 858 — John S. Phelps, 6th district. 41st, 858 — John W. Noell, 7th district. 41st, 860 — Francis P. Blair, Jr., 1st dist. ; 41st, resigned. 41st, 860— J. Richard Barrett, 1st dist.; 41st, vice Blair, resigned. 42d, 860 — Francis P. Blair, Jr., is' dist. 42d, 860 — James S. Rollins, 2d district. 42d, 860 — John B. Clark, 3d district; 42d, expelled. 42d, 860— E. H. Norton, 4th district. 42d, 860— John W. Reid, 5th district; 42d, expelled. 42d, 860— John S. Phelps, 6th.district. 42d, 860 — John W. Noell, 7th district. 43d, 862 — Wm. A. Hall, 3d district, vice 43d, Clark, expelled. 43d, 862 — Thomas L. Price, 5th dist,,; 43d, vice Reid, expelled. 43d, 862 — Francis P. Blair, Jr., 1st dist. 43d, 862— Henry T. Blow, 2d district. 43d, 862— John W. Noell, 3d district; 43d, died 1863. 43d, 862 — Semphronius S. Boyd, 4th 43dj ■district. 43d, 862 — Joseph W. McClurg, 5th dist. 43d, 862 — Austin A. King, 6th district. 43d, fBAR. NAMES. 862 — Benj. F. Loan, 7th district. 862— Wm. A. Hall, 8th district. 862 — John S. Rollins, 9th district. 863 — John G.Scott, 3d district, wV^ Noell, deceased. 864 — John Hogan, 1st district, 864 — Henry T. Blow, 2d district. 864— Thos. E. Noell, 3d district. 864 — John R. Kelsoe, 4th district; 864 — Joseph W. McClurg, 5 dist. 864— Robt. T. Van Horn, 6th dist. 864 — Benj. F. Loan, 7th district. 864 — John F. Benjamin, 8th dist. 864 — Geo. W. Anderson, 9th dist. 866 — Wm. A. Pile, 1st district. 866 — C. A. Newcombe, 2d district, 866— Thos. E. Noell, 3d district ; deceased. 866— J. J. Gravely, 4th district. 866— Joseph W. McClurg, 5 dist. ; resigned. 866— Robert T. Van Horn, 6th dist. 866 — Benj. F. Loan, 7th district. 866 — John F. Benjamin, 8th dist. 866 — Geo. W. Anderson, 9th dist. 866 — ^James R. McCormack, 3d dist.; vice Noell, dec'd. 867 — ^John H. Stover, 5th district; vice McClurg, resigned. 868 — Erastus Wells, 1st district. 868— G. A. Finkelnbuig, 2d dist. 868 — J. R. McCormack, 3d dist. 868— S. H. Boyd, 4th district. 868— Samuels. Burdett, 5th dist. 868— Robt. T. Van Horn, 6th dist. 868— Joel F. Asper, 7th dist. 868 — John F. Benjamin, 8th dist. 868— David P. Dyer, 9th district. 870 — Erastus Wells, 1st district. 870 — G. A. Finkelnburg, 2d dist. 870 — J. R. McCormack, 3d dist, 870— H, E. Havens, 4th district. 870 — Samuel S. Burdett, 5th dist. 870 — A. Comingo, 6th district. 870 — Isaac C. Parker, 7th district. 870 — Jas. G. Blair, 8th district. 870 — Andrew King, 9lh district. 872 — E. O. Stanard, ist district. 872 — Erastus Wells, 2d district. 872 — W. H. Stone, 3d district. 872— Robt. A. Hatcher, 4th dist. 872— Richard P. Bland, 5th dist. 872 — Harrison E. Havens, 6th dist. 872 — Thos. T. Crittenden, 7th dist. 872 — Abram Comingo, 8th dist. 872 — Isaac C. Parker, 9th district. 872 — Ira B. Hyde, lOth district. 872 — John B. Clark, Jr., nth dist: 872 — ^John M. Glover, 12th disti 872 — A. H. Buckner, 13th dist. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. The United States census of 1870 gives the following general statistics of churches for Missouri : Total number of church organizations, 3,229 ; edifices, 2,082; sittings, 691,520, and value of property, ^9,709,358. Baptist.* — The first Baptist Church organized in what is now the State of Missouri, was founded near the present site of Jackson, Cape Girardeau County, in 1806, under the labors of Rev. D. Green. The growth of the denomination has been marked. It has gone steadily on in its increase until now it marshals a great host, and it is still rapidly enlarging in number and advancing in intelligence and general thrift. The Annual of the Baptist General Association of Missouri, for 1873, gives the following statistics : 63 District Associations (into which the General Association is divided) ; 1,327 churches; 1,047 ordained minis- ters; 83,803 members. About two-thirds of these churches have houses of worship with an aggregate value of $1,120,000. There are Baptist houses of worship in every county in the State, and Baptist ministers in every county with, perhaps, one exception. Rev. S. W. Marston, D. D., Missionary Secretary of the Missouri Baptist Sunday School Convention, in his report for 1871, gives the following summary : 806 Sunday Schools in the State; 6,247 teachers; 48,261 scholars. The Bible and Publication Society, with headquarters in Philadelphia, has a branch house in St. Louis, under the management of Rev. G. J. Johnson, D.D., which has become one of the chief book establishments of the State. The Baptist periodicals of the State are \ht Central Baptist, St. Louis, by Messrs. Luther & Teasdale, and edited by Rev. J. H. Luther, D.D. ; and Ford's Repository, of St. Louis, edited and published by Rev. S. H. Ford, LL. D. The Baptist seats of learning in Missouri are : — William Jewell College, Liberty. 109 students and 6 professors. Stephens College, Columbia. Rev. E. S. Dulin, D.D., LL. D., presidents Mt. Pleasant College, Huntsville. Rev. J. W. Terrell, A. M., president. Baptist Female College, Lexington. Prof. A. F. Fleet, A. M., president. La Grange College, La Grange. Rev. J. F. Cook, LL.D., president. Baptist College, Louisiana. Rev. J. D. Biggs, A.M., president. Liberty Female College, Liberty, in charge of Miss Emerson. *By Rev. A. H. Burlixigham, D.D., Pastor Second Baptist Church, St. Louit, 714 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. St. Louis Seminary for Voung Ladies, Jennings Station. B. T. Blewett, A.M., president. Fairview Female Seminary, Jackson. Rev. J. Reld, A.M., president. Boonville Seminary for Young Ladies. Rev. G. W. Rogers, A.M., president. North Grand River College, Edinburg, Grundy County, Ingleside Academy, Palmyra. Mrs. P. A. Baird, principaL Christian. — This is one of the largest denominations in Missouri. We copy the following statistics from the U. S. census of 1870, for Mis- souri : Number of organizations, 394 ; edifices, 229 ; sittings, 68,545 ; and value of church property, $514,700. The literary institutions of the denomination are : Christian College, Columbia, Boone County, which was chartered in 1 85 1, and is a flourishing school for young ladies. J. K. Rogers, president. Christian University, Canton, Lewis County. Value of property, $50,000. Prof. B. H. Smith, president. Woodland College, Independence, Jackson County. Prof. A. W. Buckner, principal. Christian Orphan Asylum, Camden Point, Platte County. Prof. R. A. Broadhurst, in charge. The publications of this denomination in Missouri are, The Christian, 302, n. Main street, St. Louis, J. H. Garrison, editor-in-chief. From this office are also issued The Little Watchman, L. H. Dowling, editor; The Little Sower, W. W. Dowling, editor, and the Morning Watch. Congregational.* — The following are the approximate statistics in 1874: The first Trinitarian Congregational Church was organized in St. Louis, in 1852, Rev. T. M. Post, D. D., pastor. The church in Han- nibal was organized in 1859. In 1864-5, fifteen churches were organized in towns along the Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. The statistics for 1874 are as follows: Number of churches, 68; min- isters and pastors, 53 ; church members, about 3,430 ; parish expenses (including building churches) in 1873, ^34>675 ; benevolent contri- butions, $5,426; churches organized in 1873-4. There are five District Associations : Hannibal Association, Rev. W. H. Hiles, register ; Kansas City Association, Rev. F. G. Shonell, regis- ter ; Kidder Associition, Rev. O. Brown, register; Springfield Associa- tion, Rev. G. H. Ashley, register; St. Louis Association, Rev. Charles Peabody, register. There as-e two Colleges: Thayer College at Kidder, Rev. Samuel D. Cochran, professor, has a fine building, and a large endowment of land in the vicinity, and has been in successful operation two years. ♦By Rev. C. L. Goodell, Pastor Pilgrim Congregational Church, and Hon. S. B. Kellogg, St. Louis. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. 715 The other, Drury College, is located at Springfield, Rev. N. J. Morri- son, president. It is in successful operation. Episcopal.* — The first service of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Missouri, was held October 24th, and Christ Church, St. Louis, was organized as a parish November ist, 1819. The Rev. John Ward, previ- ously of Lexington, Kentucky, was the first minister. Six persons united in the first service. The following are the statistics of the denominations for 1874: Num- ber of communicants, 4,548; ministers, 49; church buildings, 48; Sun- day schools, 55; scholars, 3,470; teachers, 444. The denomination controls 4 schools, with 200 scholars and 13 teachers. There are church building in 29 counties ; ministers resident in 22 ; and churches organ- ized in 56. The contributions of this diocese for 1873 "^^re as follows: For Dio- cesan missions, $3,588; other missions, ;^2,5oi ; to Episcopal fund, $1,087 i ^y Sunday schools, $1,944; .charitable purposes, $4,032 ; alms, $2,261; salaries and assessments, $45,669; parish purposes, $62,258; miscellaneous purposes, $67,181; total, $190,522. The Diocese of Missouri is conterminous with the State of Missouri. Friends. — The census of 1870 gives the following statistics of this denomination in Missouri : Number of organizations and edifices, 2 ; sittings, 500; value of property, $2,000. Israelite.f — There is scarcely a county in the State of Missouri, where not at least one dozen of Jewish families are settled. Jefferson City, Sedalia, Springfield, Rolla, Washington, Macon City, Louisiana, Hannibal and different other places have wealthy, influential Jewish citizens, but too few in numbers to form independent religious com- munities. Only in St. Louis, St. Joseph and Kansas City have they established congregations. Sabbath schools, houses of worship and institu- tions of charity. The oldest Hebrew congregation in Missouri was organized in 1838, in St. Louis. The following summary gives an approximate statement of the congregations in Missouri : In St. Louis — Four congregations, 270 members, 4 ministers, 3 houses of worship, value of property, $225,000, 3 Sabbath schools, 6 teachers, and 265 scholars. In Kansas City — Two congregations, 80 members, 2 ministers, 2 houses of worship, 2 Sabbath schools, 2 teachers, and 75 scholars. In St. Joseph — One congregation, 45 members, i minister, i house of worship, I Sabbath school, i teacher and 50 scholars. Total — Seven congregations, 495 members, 7 ministers, 6 houses of worship, 6 Sabbath schools, 9 teachers, and 390 scholars. * By the Rt. Rev. C. F. Robertson, D.D., Bishop of the Diocese of Missouri. t By Rev. Dr. S. H. Sonneschein, Rabbi of Temple of the Gates of Truth, St. Louis. 7i6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL Evangelical Lutheran.* — The first Lutheran Church organized in the State of Missouri was founded in St. Louis in 1839. The following are the statistics of the denomination for 1874: Number of ordained ministers in Missouri, 70 ; Lutheran churches, 85; congregations, 85; parochial schools, 125. The Lutheran educational institutions of the State are : Concordia College in St. Louis — Theological students, 200. High School in St. Louis — Scholars, 75. The charitable institutions are : Lutheran Hospital and Asylum in St. Louis ; Lutheran Orphan Home in St. Louis County. At St. Louis are also located the Lutheran Central Bible Society and the Lutheran Book Concern of the German Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio and other States. The following Lutheran periodicals are published in St. Louis: Der Lutheraner (semi-monthly). Die Abendschule (semi-monthly), Lehre und Wehre (monthly). Evangel. Luth. Schulblatt (monthly). German Evangelical.f — The Evangelical Synod of the West pre- sents the following statistics for Missouri : Number of churches, 40 ; communing members, 7,000 ; clergymen, 40 \ Sunday schools, 40 ; teachers, 400; Sunday school children, 4,200; parochial schools, 32; scholars, 3,300 ; value of church property, $440,000 ; of school property, ^160,000; total church and school property, $600,000. The Friedens- bote is the name of a newspaper published under the patronage of this denomination in Missouri. Evangelical Missouri College is the theolog- ical seat of learning of this Synod, and is located in Warren county. Methodist Episcopal Church. | — The Methodist Episcopal Church in Missouri dates from an early period in the history of the State. Indeed, several societies were formed before it became a State, and these were a part of the old Illinois Conference. When the separation of 1844-45 took place, and the Methodist Epis- copal Church South was formed, the societies in Missouri were broken up, with few exceptions, and the members either joined the M. E. Ch. South or remained unable to effect a reorganization until 1848, when the Missouri Conference resumed its sessions. These were held annually until the late Civil War, when preachers and members were driven from nearly all the stations and circuits, and the membership was reduced to almost a nom- inal figure, so that reports could not indicate the facts. There were probably less than 3,000 in actual fellowship in 1861 and 1862. In May, 1862, the General Conference added Arkansas to the Missouri Conference, and it bore the name of " The Missouri and Arkansas Con- • By Rev. C. F. W. Walther, President of Concordia College, St. Louis. •f-By Rev. Ernest Roos, Pastor of St. Peter's German Evangelical Church, St. Louis. \ By Rev. Thomas Bowman, Bishop, and B. Stinson, Esq., Assistant Editor Central Christian Advocate, RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. 717 ference," until 1868, when the Conference was divided — the societies north of the Missouri River retaining the old name, Missouri Conference. The societies south of the river in Missouri, and those in Arkansas, were formed into "The St. Louis Conference." In May, 1872, the societies in Missouri south of the river became the St. Louis Conference, those in Arkansas, the Arkansas Conference. The number of members in the Missouri Conference, which includes Missouri north of the Missouri River, in 1873 ^"d 1874 was 14,625 ; of probationers, 4,063; and of local preachers, 186. The church property is valued at $291,425, including 121 churches, value $272,400, and 36 parsonages, valued at $19,025. The number of Sunday schools was 203 ; of officers and teachers, 1,790; and of scholars, 10,675. The St. Louis Conference, including Missouri south of the Missouri River, reports for 1873-74, 13,544 members, 2,609 probationers, and 193 local preachers. Its church property is valued at $509,785 — having 124 churches, value 466,385 ; and 37 parsonages, value $43,400 ; Sunday schools, 122; officers and teachers, 1,198; scholars, 9,616 — giving a total for the State of Missouri as follows : Members, 28,169; probation- ers, 6,672; local preachers, 379; value of church property, $801,210 — including 245 churches valued at $738,785, and 73 parsonages valued at ^62,425 ; number of Sunday schools, 325 ; officers and teachers in Sunday schools, 2,898; scholars in Sunday schools, 20,291. There are several flourishing schools and colleges in the State under the patronage of the Church, the principal of which are Lewis College, Glasgow. Johnson College, Macon City; and Carleton Institute, in Southeast Missouri. The Western Book Depository is doing a large business, in St. Louis — Hitchcock & Walden, agents, who also publish the Central Christian Advocate, a weekly journal of church news. The editor is appointed by the General Conference, which meets quadrennially, and which will meet in St. Louis in 1876. The present editor is Benj. St. James Fry, D.D. ; B. Stinson, assistant. New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian). — The census of 1870 gives the following statistics of this denomination in Missouri : Organizations, 4 ; edifices, 3: sittings, i,ooo; value of property, $22,500. Presbyterian.* — The Synod of Missouri is conterminous with the limits of the State and is in connection with the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, in the United States of America. It was first organized by order of the General Assembly, in October, A. D., 1832. It has several times in its history been divided, and other large and flour- ishing Synods have been formed out of it. It is now composed of six Presbyteries : Osage, Ozark, Palmyra, Platte, Potosi and St. Louis, with •By Rev. S. J. Niccolls, D D,, Pastor Second Presbyterian Church, St. Louis, and Rev. J. W. Allen, District Secretary of Home Missions, St. Louis. 7i8 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 10,000 members, 220 churches, and 140 ministers. The growth of the membership has been rapid during the past 7 or 8 years. The Synod has under its care Lindenwood Female College, located at St. Charles. Rev. J. H. Nixon, D.D., president. The Presbyterian Board of Publication, with headquarters in Philadel- phia, has a Depository in St. Louis in charge of Rev. Robert Irwin, District Superintendent of colporterage. Cumberland Presbyterian Church* was organized in Tennessee, Feb. 4th, 1810, with 3 ordained ministers. The denomination is con- fined to the Mississippi Valley and the Pacific slope. The general sta- tistics of the church for the United States are approximately as follows : I general assembly, 24 synods, 104 presbyteries, and about 135,000 members ; 3 universities, several colleges, and numerous academies and high schools. The first congregation in Missouri was organized in 1820. The statistics of the denomination in this State are as follows : 3 synods, 13 presbyteries, 155 ordained ministers, 50 licensed preachers, and 48 candidates preparing for the ministry; 340 congregations, 18,000 mem- bers, 10,000 persons in Sunday school; value of church property, $262,000 ; 4 academies and high schools. The denomination controls McGee College (Macon County), which contains ii professors and 273 students, with Rev. J. B. Mitchell, D.D., President. The periodicals of the State are the Cumberland Presbyterian (weekly), Rev. J. R. Brown, D.D., editor, Messrs. Brown & Perrin, publishers, St. Louis. Also by the same, the Ladies Pearl (monthly) ; the McGee Col- lege Record, (semi-annually,) in the interest of McGee College, by Rev. J. B. Mitchell, D.D., and others. The General Assembly has a Board of Missions that holds its meetings in St. Louis. Old School Presbyterian. f — The first Presbyterian sermon in St. Louis, after the cession of the territory to the United States, was preached November 6th, 181 4, by Rev. Daniel Smith, of Bennington, Vermont, who in company with Rev. S. J. Mills, of Carringford, Connecticut, was sent hither by the Bible and Missionary Society of New England and Philadelphia. The first baptism by a Presbyterian minister in St. Louis, was administered March 3rd, 1816, by Rev. Gideon Blackburn, of Nash- ville, Tennessee. The late Mrs. Mortimer Kennett was one of the children then baptized. The Lord's Supper was administered by Rev. T. Flint for the first time in St. Louis, to members of this denomination, Sunday July 21st, 1816. The first Presbyterian Church west of the Mis- sissippi River, was organized August 3d, 18 16, as the Bellevue Church, at Caledonia, Washington County. Bonhomme Church, St. Louis County, was organized October 4th, 181 6. First Presbyterian Church, St. Louis, * By Rev. J. E. Sharp, Pastor of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, Kansas City, and Hon. R, C: £wing. Judge of the Criminal Court, Jackson County. t By Rev. R. P. Farris, D.D., editor of the " Old School Presbyterian." RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. 719 was organized November 23d, 181 7. St. Charles Presbyterian Church was organized August 30th, 1818. The Old School Presbyterian Synod of Missouri consisted, in 1872, of 6 Presbyteries, 90 ministers, 130 churches, 8,000 communicants, 600 Sunday school teachers, 6,000 Sunday school scholars. Westminster College, at Fulton, under the patronage of this denomi- nation, has 6 professors, 100 students, and ;^ioo,ooo endowment. The Old School Presbyterian (weekly), is published in St. Louis by Charles B. Cox. Its editor is Robert P. Farris. United Presbyterian.* — This denomination has i Presbytery, organized at Warrensburg in 1867, consisting of 11 congregations which are principally in Jackson, Johnson, Cass and Bates Counties. The deno- mination has 7 ministers located in the State, and all the congregations have comfortable houses of worship. Lincoln College, located at Green- wood, Mo., was founded Sept. ist, 1869, under the patronage of this denomination, and is an excellent and flourishing institution. It has a library of one thousand volumes, and property valued at about $5,000. The Reformed Church in the U. S. (late German Reform.) — The census of 1870 gives the following statistics of this denomination in Missouri: Organizations, 11; edifices, 9; sittings 1,900; value of pro- perty, $16,900. Roman Catholic. f — The archives of the archdiocese of St. Louis, place the date of the building of the first Catholic church in the city of St. Louis in 1770. The first pastor of the church was Rev. Mr. Gibault, a native of France. Bishop Dubourg, of New Orleans, had then charge of Upper and Lower Louisiana, and more than once visited St. Louis. St. Louis was erected into an Episcopal See in 1826. Rt. Rev. Joseph Rosati was the first Bishop of St. Louis. There are now, in 1874, two Catholic Sees in the State of Missouri : the Archdiocese of St. Louis, and the Diocese of St. Joseph. Most Rev. Peter Richard Kenrick, assisted by Rt. Rev. Patrick John Ryan, his coadjutor, consecrated in April 1872, governs the archdiocese of St. Louis. Rt, Rev. John Hogan governs the Diocese of St. Joseph. The Catholic Almanac of 1874, shows the following prosperous con- dition of the Catholic Church in this State : The archdiocese of St. Louis contains: Churches, 187; in course of erection, 10; chapels and stations, 40; priests, 213; clerical students, 48. The literary institutions for young men are : i university, 2 col- leges and I academy ; religious orders of men, 7 ; female academies and convents, 9 ; hospitals, 4 ; orphan asylums, 4 ; number of orphans, 1,000; benevolent and charitable institutions, 6; religious orders of women, 36 ; Catholic population, about 250,000. * By Rev. Randall Ross, President of Lincoln College, Greenwood, t By Rev. Wm. Walsh, Pastor St. Bridget's Church, St. Louis. 72a CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. Besides the above religious and literary institutions, there are about ICO Catholic parish schools attached to the churches of the archdiocese, educating not less than 25,000 children of both sexes. These schools are under the direction of the Catholic clergy, whose congregations build and support them. The teachers are generally religious, and receive but small salaries. There are Sunday schools in all the churches, attended by the children of the parish schools, and all others who desire religious instruction. The diocese of St. Joseph contains : Churches, 24 ; missions and chapels, 23 ; priests, 1 7 ; colleges, academies and parish schools, 30 ; Catholic population, about 16,000. These figures give the following summary for the State of Missouri : Churches, 211; in course of erection, 10; chapels, missions and stations, b^, ; priests, 230 ; clerical students, 48 ; literary institutions, including universities, colleges, academies and parish schools, 134 ; female academies and convents, 9 ; religious orders of men, 7 ; hospitals, 4 ; orphan asylums, 4; number of orphans, 1,000; benevolent and charit- able institutions, 6 ; religious orders of women, 36 ; Catholic popula- tion, about 266,000. The value of the church and school property in this State is about $4,000,000. It must be admitted that this Church has done much for Christian education, and to bestow charity upon the distressed. There are two excellent Catholic book stores in St. Louis, one in charge of P. Fox, and the other in charge of F. Saler ; also two Catholic news- papers, the Western Watchman (weekly), English, and the Herald Des Glaubens (weekly), German. There are two very valuable libraries in the archdiocese, one, the Diocesan Library, attached to St. John's Church, St. Louis, and the other attached to the St. Louis University. There is a very excellent library at the Christian Brothers' College, and a circulating library attached to most of the Catholic churches of the city of St. Louis. The literary institutions of the denomination are as follows : Theological Seminary, St. Vincent's, Cape Girardeau. Very Rev. A. Verrinna, C. M., president. St. Louis University, St. Louis. Rev. J. G. Zealand, S. J., president. Christian Brothers' College, St. Louis. Bro. James, director. Saint Patrick's Academy, St. Louis. Bro. Nicholas, director. Convent and Academy of the Visitation, St. Louis, for young ladies, in charge of the Sisters of the Visitation. Convent and Academy of the Sisters of Saint Joseph, Hannibal. Convent and Academy of the Sacred Heart, for young ladies, to which is attached a day-school in the old convent, St. Louis. Saint Joseph's Convent and Academy, South St. Louis — lately Caron- delet — under the Sisters of Saint Joseph. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. 721 Convent and Academy of the Sisters of Loretto, Florissant. Convent and Academy of the Sisters of Loretto, Cape Girardeau. Ursuline Convent and Academy, St. Louis. Academy and Convent of the Sacred Heart, St. Charles, in charge of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart. Convent and Academy of the Sisters of St. Joseph, Ste. Genevieve. Convent and Academy of the Sisters of St. Joseph, Kansas City. Unitarian.* — In St. Louis the First Unitarian Church (the Church •of the Messiah,) was organized in 1834 by Rev. W. G. Eliot, who remained its pastor for 37 years. The Second Church (Church of the Unity,) was established in 1868, under Rev. J. C. Learned, its present pastor. A " Free School and Mission House," for reception and educa- tion of destitute children, has been supported by the above churches for thirty-five years. The first free day school in Missouri was established "by the Church of the Messiah. There are twelve or fifteen other Unita- rian churches in Missouri, but the statistics have not been received. German Independent Evangelical Protestant Union, or United Church. f — The first society of this Union was founded in 1834 in St. Louis. Revs. Wall and Picker were the pioneers of this work. With the increase of German population of St. Louis and Missouri, many new societies with similar views were formed, but remained all isolated from each other until 1869, when a number of ministers and laymen from :several of these societies formed a Union ( Verein) in St. Louis. Since then three annual conventions of delegates have been held. The Protes- .tantischen Zeitbldtter, in Cincinnati, is at present the outward organ of the Evangelical Protestant Union of the West. United Brethren in Christ. — The census of 1870, gives the fol- lowing statistics of this denomination in Missouri : Number of organiza- tions, 38; edifices, 20; sittings, 5,800, and value of property $32,000. Universalist. — The census of 1870 gives the following statistics of this denomination in Missouri : Number of organizations, 5 ; edifices, 2 j sittings, 1,300, and value of property, 1^8,300. M. E. Church South. | — The first preaching by Methodist or any Protestant minister in what is now the State of Missouri, was by Rev. John Clark, who resided in the American Bottom, where now stands the city of Alton, and occasionally crossed the river and preached to a set- tlement of Americans near Florissant of St. Louis County. He was a local, or lay preacher. The first regularly appointed Methodist preacher in Missouri was Rev. John Travis, who received an appointment from Bishop Asbury in 1806. He formed two circuits, and at the end of the year returned one * By Rev. John Snyder, Pastor of the First Unitarian Church, St. Louis. t By Rev Dr. J G. Eberhard, Pastor of Church of " Holy Ghost," St. Louis. X By Rev. D. R. McAoally, D. D., Editor St. Louis Christian Advocate. 722 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. hundred members. These circuits were called " Missouri " and " Mar^^ emac," and at the Conference of 1807, Jesse Walker was sent to supply the first, and Edmund Wilcox fhe latter. From this time preachers were regularlv appointed and worked to 1820, at which time there were in Missouri 21 traveling preachers, and 2,079 members. In 1821, Methodism proper was introduced into St. Louis by Rev. Jesse Walker, who, that year, secured the erection of a small house of worship on the corner of what is now Fourth and Myrtle streets, and returned 127 members. The interests of the church have been carried forward steadily fronv the first, and the statistical reports for 1873 show in the M. E. Churcn South 604 preachers, (253 traveling and 351 local), 46,786 members, 401 churches ; estimated value, $936,585 ; 50 parsonages ; estimated value,. $88,500. The General Conference of 1850 made arrangements for the establish- ing of a publishing house in St. Louis, and in 1851 the St. Louis Chris- tian Advocate (weekly), under the editorial managenent of D. R. McAnally, who, with an intermission of four years, has continued to edit it to the present. There is also published at the same house a quarterly called the Southern Review, edited by A. T. Bledsoe, LL.D. The house has issued tens of thousands of religious books, pamphlets and tracts, besides thousands that were issued for others in the regular way of busi- ness. Among the institutions of learning in Missouri, under the patron- age of the Church, are : Saint Charles College, founded in 1835. Central College, Fayette, founded in 1852. Arcadia College, at Arcadia, founded in 1843. Pritchett Institute, Glasgow \ Bellevue Collegiate Institute, Caledonia. Shelby High School, Shelbyville ; Macon High School, Bloomington.. Monticello High School, Monticello ; Charleston High School, Charleston ; Central Female College, Lexington 3 Howard Female Col- lege, Fayette; with others of less note. CLIMATOLOGY. By George Engelmann, M. D., St. Loms. The climate of a country is the result of its geographical position and its topographical configuration. Missouri, in the center of that part of the great North American Continent which extends from the Rocky Moun- tains eastward to the Atlantic Ocean, constituting a great plain, so' to say, unprotected by mountain ranges, unmodified by the proximity of oceans and their currents, largely partakes of and typically exemplifies the "continental climate," i. e., a climate of extremes, extremes in heat and cold, moisture and drought. Missouri is a great undulating region extending from the 36th to the 41st degree of north latitude, and between the 12th and 19th degree of longitude west of Washington, rising from its eastern border, on the winding course of the Mississippi River, toward the west and northwest, from less than 300 feet to 1,200 or 1,400 feet above the ocean ; open towards the Gulf of Mexico, 500 miles distant ; open toward the northern country at the sources of the Mississippi and the Arctic regions, open eastward through the Ohio Valley to the Alleghany Ranges, and open westward through the Missouri Valley toward the Rocky Mountains ; well watered by the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers and their affluents. The altitude above the sea on the Mississippi River rises from only about 275 feet near the southeast corner of the State, to 445 feet on its northeast corner. On the Missouri River, it rises from near 400 feet at its mouth to over 1,000 feet at the northwest corner of the State. The inland portion on these points lies from 50 to 200 feet higher than the low water-mark of the rivers, and on the water-sheds of their affluents it is from 400 to 600 feet higher yet, while the elevation of the Ozark Hills, in the south-eastern and southern parts of the State, stretching from Pilot Knob south-southwestward, amounts to several hundred feet more, just enough to influence the climate locally, but not sufficient to bear on that of the whole State. The principal elements of the climate of a country are its temperature- and its moisture. They influence and condition the existence and pros- perity of organic life and the well-being of the human family. But these elements are to be considered not only in their averages, but even more so in their extremes ; for the extremes, more than the means, establish the capability for, and the geographical limits of many productions. Unfortunately, we have an extended series of meteorological observations only of St. Louis. In 8 or 10 other stations throughout the State, observ- ations have been made by private individuals, mostly for the Smithsonian 724 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. Institution, but their results have only been partially made available. The signal service of the U. S. army, established in 1871, has only one station in Missouri, at St. Louis, but the results of the stations at Cairo on our south-eastern border, at Keokuk, near the north-eastern angle, and Leavenworth on the western line, give us important data, which will become more valuable as they extend over a longer series of years. My records, embracing a period of nearly 40 years, give the mean temperature of the city of St. Louis 55*5 F., with a variation in different years from 53°4 to 58°o, and with a range between extremes from — 23°© to + io4°o. Comparative observations prove that these temperatures are peculiar to the built-up, paved and almost vegetation-less city, and that in the country, even in the immediate neighborhood, the temperature is on an average 2 degrees lower, while in certain localities and under certain influences of wind and moisture, it may differ occasionally as much as 8 or 10 degrees. We are, therefore, justified in assuming for the ■country near St. Louis, a mean temperature of 53 degrees. The mean temperature of the seasons varies even more than that of the whole year. Our winters, taken in the usually assumed meteorological sense, from the first of December to the last of February, have in the city an average temperature of 33^3, and may be estimated for the surround- ing country at 32°, but they vary in different seasons between 25° (winter of 1855-56 and 1872-73), and 40° (winter of 1844-1845). Our sum- mers (from June ist to Aug. 31st) have in the city a mean temperature of 76°8, and are calculated to reach in the country 75° ; ranging between the coolest summer of 71^5 mean temperature (1835, 1839 and 1848), and the warmest of 80° mean temperature (1838, 1850, and especially 1854). The following table gives the exact data for the city: Mean Temperature Highest Means Lowest Means Range of Mean Temperatures Range of Highest Temperatures.. Amount of Range Range of Lowest Temperatures .... Amount of Range Absolute Range of Temperatures.. Winter. 33°6 40°4 26°4 i4°o 49° : 81° 32° — 23°4-IO° 33° 104° Spring. 55"4 62°2 48°6 I3°6 85° : 97° 12° 0° : 28° 28° 97° Summer. 76°8 104" 57° Autumn. 56"3 6o°s 5i'3 9''2 82" : Whole Year.' 55°6 S8"2 53'4 4''8 93° : n -23": 33° 127O This table contains some novel but practically quite important features, which require explanation. It indicates that the lowest temperature in our St. Louis winters may not fall below + 10°, or it may fall as low as — 23° ; it ranges between -f 10° and — 23° ; thus in the same season we reach always a temperature of at least 49°, but it may rise to 81°. Then, our summer heat sometimes does not exceed 93°, but may rise to 104°, while it never falls below 43°, but sometimes not below 57". The table further shows that mean temperatures of winter and spring are the most variable, that in different years they may vary as much as 14° and CLIMA TQL OGY. 725 13.6°, while those of summer and autumn vary only 8° and 9° in different seasons; and in the whole year as much as nearly 5°. The last line gives the actually observed range of temperatures, (not of a single year, but of the series of nearly forty years,) for winter and autumn 104° and 103°, for spring 97°, and for summer only 61°, but for the whole year as much as 127°. Doubtless these numbers, expressing the range of tem- peratures, will be considerably exceeded in the western and especially north-western parts of the State, when exact observations have been continued for a number of years. The extreme daily ranges of temper- ature amount, in winter and spring, sometimes to 56°, while in summer and fall they do not exceed 40°, but usually amount to about 20° in clear weather. The Diagram No. II exhibits, in a graphic shape, the conditions of temperature in every month of the year at St. Louis. , The central curve represents the mean temperature of every month, as it rises from January to July, and gradually falls again to December. The shaded band shows the limits within which the means of every month may range. The upper margin gives the highest mean, and the lower one the lowest mean found for each month in the years, through which the observations were carried on. It will be noticed that the band is broadest, the extremes are farthest apart, the range is greatest, from January to April, and narrow- est, the range least, from June to September. The uppermost and the lowest curves (above and below the shaded band) represent the actu- ally observed highest and lowest temperatures of each month. A glance at the diagram shows that the range of temperature was found greatest from October to April, and least from June to August. May and Sep- tember exhibit an intermediate condition. The last frosts in spring occur between March 13th and May 2d, on an average about April 5 th ; and the earliest autumnal frosts set in between October 4th and November 26th, on an average about October 27th; the period between these two terms extends in different years, from 184 to 252 days, on an average 205 days. In the south-east part of the State these limits of the freezing point will, of course, be much wider apart : and in the north-west they are narrowed down considera- bly. Our spring opens in March, though in some favored seasons veg- etation breaks through its wintry bounds already in the latter part of February, while in a few very late springs it can hardly be said to have fairly commenced before the middle of April. The progress of veget- able development can best be appreciated by the observation of common wild or cultivated trees and shrubs. It is of course well known that different varieties, especially of the cultivated trees, blossom at slightly different periods, that soil and exposure have considerable influence on the flowering time, and that even the age of a tree is not without its effect. We must therefore, in instituting such observations, ta)ie an 726 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. average of many trees in a neighborhood, or confine ourselves to certain individual trees, comparing their development in different seasons. Thus we find that the first in bloom is the alder and the hazel, next — not Tarely retarded by intervening cold spells — the soft or silver-leaf maple ; our common white elm blooms a few days after this, between Feb- ruary 24th and April i5tVi, on an average March 19th. During the next following days roses, syringas, gooseberries, and many other bushes, and the weeping willows show their young leaves. About two weeks after the elm — between March i8th and April 25th, on an average about April 2d — the peach trees open their first blossoms, and are one week later in full bloom. Plum and pear trees, and sweet cherries blossom about the same time, or a few days later, and then the sour cherries and the glory of our rich woods, the redbuds, get into bloom. Between March 21st and May ist, (mean April 14th), the early apple trees begin to bloom; and between March 28th and May loth (mean April 20th) they may be said to be in full bloom. Syringas flower about the same time, crab apples five to eight days later, and a few days after them the quince bushes. The acacia, or black locust, native of our south-eastern border and cultivated everywhere about farms and in towns, begins to bloom between April nth and May 23d, on an average May ist, and six to ten days later is in its fullest fragrant glory. Ripening strawberries and •cherries, and blooming roses closely follow it, and the catalpa, a very irregular bloomer, comes in full development generally between two and three weeks after the acacia. The maturity and harvest of winter wheat immediately succeeds the catalpa bloom, between June loth and July ist, usually about June 20th. The two seasons of 1842 and 1843 well represented the extremes, the former having exhibited the earliest and the latter about the latest vege- table development, within the last 40 years, in this neighborhood, the •difference embracing a period of five to seven weeks. The average temperature of a State of the extent of Missouri must necessarily vary considerably from that of the country about St. Louis ; it recedes as we approach the more elevated plains of the West and of the North. The mean summer temperature varies but little throughout the State. In the summer of 1873, ^^ mean temperature in the south-east was found only i^^ degree higher than that of the north-east, and the differ- ence between St. Louis and the west was even less. The winter temper- atures, however, show a wide range, as the isothermal lines on the map approximately indicate. The Signal Service observations for 1872-73 show the winter in the south-east (Cairo) to have been 4° warmer than about St. Louis, and 11° warmer than in the north-eastern cor- ner of the State (Keokuk), and 3° warmer in St. Louis than on the western border (Leavenworth), the greater difference naturally occuring on the north and south line, the lesser, but quite perceptible one, in the CLIMATOLOGY. 727 east and west directions. In spring, the difference was found to amount to over 6° between the south-eastern and north-eastern, and only i^° between the eastern and western parts of the State. The difference of the mean temperature of the autumnal season, in the different parts of the State, is intermediate between the difference which exists in summer and that ■which is found in spring ; for we observe a diminution over 4° from south to north, and over 2° from east to west. The mean temperature of the south-eastern part of the State is 2)^ to 3° higher than at St. Louis, and 5^° higher than in the north-eastern angle ; and the mean temperature of Leavenworth and the adjacent parts of Missouri, is fully 2° less than that of the region about St. Louis. In connection with our winter temperature, it must be mentioned tnat the Mississippi at St. Louis freezes over about once in four or five years, partly, no doubt, in consequence of the heavy ice floating down from the North, and it then remains closed for one or two or even four or six weeks, sometimes passable for the heaviest teams. Our river has been known to close as early as the first week in December, and, in other years, to open as late as the last week in February, while the running ice may impede or interrupt navigation between the end of November and the end of February, sometimes as low down as the south-east corner of the State ; the river is said, however, never to freeze over below Cape Girardeau. The Missouri River is sometimes closed in the latter part of November, and has been known to remain firmly bridged over into the first week of March. The climate of Missouri is on the whole a dry one, with strong evap- oration and an atmosphere but rarely overloaded with moisture. The average amount of vapor, or rather dissolved water, in the atmosphere, the relative humidity, is only 66 (66 per cent, of complete saturation), 72 in winter, 59 in spring, 66 in summer, and 68 in autumn. Thus, spring proves to have the driest atmosphere, and April (56) more than any other month, which, by the way, is perfectly compatible with the considerable fall of rain which we often notice in spring. We enjoy in Missouri an unusual amount of fair weather. Our autumnal season is celebrated for it, and also in the other parts of the year fair weather and bright sunshine prevail to the great benefit of organized life and the well-being of the human family. Clear or nearly clear days Partially clear and variable days Days when the sun remains obscured.... Winter. Spring. Summer. •Autumn. Whole Year. 40 48 4 40 39 12 143 173 49 Meteorologists have still another method to express the same facts, by rating the clear sky as o, and the overcast one as lo, with the intermedi- 728 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL ate numbers designating the intermediate grades of cloudiness. After this method, we find the five months from November to March rated between 5 and 5^ ; April, May and October between 4 and 5 ; June till September between 2>/t and 4; and the whole average year at 4^ of proportional cloudiness. The average annual rainfall, including the melted snow, in St. Louis^ is 41 inches, but varies considerably in different years ; it has been as low as 25 and as high as 68 inches. Our regular rainy season extends from the middle of April to the middle of July, comprising the latter part of spring and the earlier part of summer. This, however, 'often suf- fers exceptions, as in our latitude the seasons are not so distinctly marked as nearer the tropics. RAINFALL. Winter. Spring. Summer. Autumn. Whole Year. 7 16 2 12 21 5 13 32 5 9 20 3 41 68 25 In the low south-eastern part of the State, the annual rainfall is some- what higher than at St. Louis, while westward and especially north-west- ward, it diminishes to not more than 28 inches. The accompanying map exhibits the areas of greater and lesser rainfall (44 inches south and south-eastward, to 28 inches northward) taken from the carefully prepared "Tables- and Results of the Precipitation of Rain and Snow, digested by Ch. A. Schott," for the Smithsonian Institution, based on the best and most extensive observations obtainable. Our Diagram No. Ill exhibits the monthly means and extremes of the rainfall, as observed here in 35 years. It will be seen from it that the aver- age quantity is least in January and February, increases till June, is much less in July and August, and from September to December is only some- what higher than in January and February. March to August comprises our wet, and September to February our dry season. The extremes vary excessively, as the same diagram shows, the upper line giving the highest observed in each month, and the lower line the lowest amount collected. It will be seen that in every month, rain to the amount of nearly 8 inches or more may fall in St. Louis; only January has never given as much as 5 inches. In May and December, we have had as much as about 11 inches; and in June, even 17. That was in the year 1858, when, in that month, several extremely heavy but quite local rains descended, amounting to 6 or even 7 inches in a single day. The Diagram further exhibits by the lower line, the least amount of rain for each month. Only in November it ever reached zero ; August to October, it sometimes amounted to a small fraction of an inch ; in every other month, except May, it was occasionally less than one inch ; in May only, it amounted to less than 2 inches. The Signal Service observations find the annual quantity of rain in 1872-73 to have been about 2 inches less in Keokuk than in Leavenworth, and 2yi inches more in Cairo than in St. Louis; whilst the difference between St. Louis and Keokuk amounted to over 10 inches, the maximum of 41^ inches in Cairo, and the minimum in this area which includes our State, in Keokuk, of nearly 29 inches. ifliiNtTatin^ Hie GEO. ENGELM/VKN^MJ) I. ANNUAL RAIN FALL (including melted snow^ « FROM 1839 TO 1874-. Comtnided / mgra vat expressly for CJaIIPBEUJS GAZETTEER OFMSSOURl. MEAN ^EXTREME TEWPERATURES OBSERVED, 1835 TO 1873. MEAN & EXTREME QUANTITIES OF RAIN (INCLUDINGMELTEO OBSERVED, 1839 TO 1873- |^woviea3TJ3M aMtaujDwi}JJA1 MIAfl JAUHMA, r.- ,- P • MfT 11(11 'm»b>r!7!oj) U-1'^' Mi i U !- ^: a MvixAiLiaB^x ()>if) oil .\WK^^?.m'\Q s^aKiTSSi4>A,wa3YWA:> £Y8f OT ee8Ka3Vy?33aO 83«UTA?13S1V!1T 3M3?=!TX1^ MA3M W — -f-4 , a.-v. -1==^"^ frv. viVvv^ -g^atOT e&8f .gavy^aea o _____ \ • vA\ i_. • I «\ r. . w^ . '^i^vj . ^^sA. j5.w\m^<\v\s\\. V. A t. r- \ r- i -I- -f -rrr:_,L CLIMATOLOGY. 729 The winter rains were twice as heavy in Cairo as on the 3 other stations, but less in Keokuk than either St. Louis or Leavenworth. The spring rains were very nearly equal in 3 stations; in Keokuk, however, only about ^ of the quantity of the others was observed. The summer rains were heavier in St. Louis and Keokuk than in Cairo and Leaven- worth ; and the autumnal rains were neaarly equally distributed, with a little less at the northern station. In Cairo, the greatest quantity of rain fell in the winter and spring ; in St. Louis, in spring and summer ; in Leavenworth, in spring; and in Keokuk, in summer. The Diagram No. I exhibits the amount of rain observed in St. Louis in every year from 1839 to 1873. ^^ shows at a glance the years of drought (1842, 1843, 1853, i860, 1870, 1871, and 1872), and those of excessive rains (1847, 1848, and principally, 1858 and 1859). It is seen that in the year of our great flood, 1844, the local rains in St. Louis did not reach much above the average; the flood came from the confluents of the Missouri, especially the Kansas River. It is further seen, that the law of compensation is noticeable only in a longer series of years; we may pick out 2 to even 7 years in succession, above the average, or 2 to 4 consecutive years below the average. It is true that the three years from 1870-72, and especially the year 187 1, were excessively dry, but to conclude from this observation, that our climate is undergoing an essential change, is very short-sighted and quite erroneous. Moreover, Mr. Schott's discussions, alluded to above, which embrace the observ- ations made for a much longer series of years, and over almost the whole of North America (Mexico excepted), give the positive assurance that at least for a century, the climate has not changed, or the amount of rain on an average diminished. Our summer rains mostly descend with great abundance and in a com- paratively short time, so that the average 13 inches of summer rain falls in 70 hours, distributed over 24 days, while the 7 inches of winter rain (and snow) descend in x6o hours and on 22 days. The days on which it rains vary between 68 and 115 in the year. On the average we have 92 days in the year, on which it rains. Our rains last from a fraction of an hour to a few hours, and very rarely extend through the 24 hours. Snow is rather scarce in our climate, and rarely continually covers the ground for more than a few days or a week, but it has been known to fall about St. Louis as early as October 5, and as late as April 16. In some years it amounted, when melted, to 5^ inches, in others to only one half inch; the average is about 2^ inches. Our rivers rise generally between April and June, principally in con- sequence of the heaviness of our spring and summer rains, and much less from the thawing of snows in the north-western plains and moun- tains — to which, commonly, our floods are ascribed. The Mississippi at St. Louis rises sometimes not more than 20 or 25 feet, but occasionally (1844) as much as 42 feet, above low water-mark, while in the fall and winter months the rivers are quite low. The atmospherical pressure (indicated by the stage of the barometer) is with us in summer more uniform and regular than on the Atlantic coast, while in winter it fluctuates considerably, and often very rapidly. The average barometrical pressure is highest in January, falls till May, and gradually rises again till January ; it is most variable from November to March, and least so from June to August. The barometrical indications perfectly correspond with the winds; 739 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. these are more moderate here in the interior than on the Atlantic coast, but winter storms from the West and Northwest are not rare, and extend over the whole country, traveling from the Rocky Mountains across the Mississii)pi Valley to the Atlantic coast in about two days. Daring the winter season, westerly winds prevail scarcely more than south-easterly ones, while during the warmer months, from May to October, south- easterly ones largely predominate over all others. Thunderstorms are frequent in spring, (on an average 14) and especi- ally in summer (20), principally from May to July ; they occur much rarer in autumn (7), and in winter (2). In the warmer seasons they are sometimes accompanied by short but violent tornadoes, which invariably, like most thunderstorms, come from the south-west, and sometimes do considerable damage. Violent hailstorms have prevailed in some seasons and some localities, while others have been rather free from their injurious visitations. The native vegetation which covers the surface of our State results from the climatological conditions above enumerated, and thus permits us to judge of and mark these conditions. In the south-eastern corner of the State, marked on the map as being blessed with the warmest tem- perature and the greatest moisture, we find the cypress and the cane in the predominating low grounds, and the Spanish oak, mixed with more northern oaks and hickories on the slopes. Besides corn and tobacco, cotton is a staple product of this district. West and north of this region we find the broad belt of timbered lands of the State, which sends its spurs up the river valleys. The characteristic trees in the wide river bottoms are, the cottonwood and the sycamore, the elm and black walnut, the pecan, the hackberry and the honey locust, with very {qw oaks. The smaller river and creek bottoms, and the slopes of their bluffs, are the favorite localities for the linden, the mulberry, the black birch, the buckeye, the silver maple, while on the fertile hills the sugar maple abounds, with the red oak and several species of hickory. The rolling uplands are characterized by numerous oaks, prominent among which are the white, post and black oaks, and the different hickories. Wheat, corn, hemp and tobacco are the staples of this district, dis- tributed according to the fertility of the soil. The only pine woods in the State (yellow pine, Firms fnitis), are found where the Silurian formation furnishes a sufficiency of silicious material ; they occupy a belt south of the Missouri River, extending in a south- western direction along the Ozark Hills. West and north-west of the timbered region spread the great prairies, covered with native grasses, interspersed with numerous flowering herbs, especially of the aster and sunflower tribes ; even here some timber is generally found in the valleys along the water courses, and sometimes on the ridges. They furnish excellent wheat and corn lands. THE LEAD DEPOSITS. By R. O. Thompson, M. E., St. Louis. Perhaps there is no country of equal area on the globe that possesses one-half the extent and variety in lead deposits that Missouri can justly -claim. The lead veins, lodes and disseminations of this State are not ■confined to narrow, definite localities, nor do they occur at remote dis- tances from one another. The deposition of the lead ores did not occur at one time nor, indeed, in one geological epoch. The lithological character of the veinous mines, and the associate mineral contents of the same have been somewhat determined. The extent, dip and thickness of* the lead deposits have not been fully ascertained, though they have been developed sufficiently to show that their range is much more extensive than in any other of the lead-bearing regions of the world. We find galena in Missouri occurring in ferruginous clay that becomes jointed ; or separating in distinct masses, quite regular in form when taken out and partially dried. We also find lead in regular cubes in gravel beds or with cherty masses in the clays associated with the same. These cubes in some localities show the action of attrition, while in others they are entirely unworn. Throughout large districts lead is found in the carboniferous rocks, but perhaps the greater portion is obtained from the magnesian rocks of the Lower Silurian, and in one or two localities galena has been discovered in the rocks of the Azoic period. At Dugal's on the Tom Suck, in Reynolds County, lead is found in a disseminated ■condition in the porphyry. One mile east of Annapolis in Iron County, lead is found in a compact, fine grained, dark brown sandstone in a regularly disseminated condi- tion. This deposition, however, must have been after the elevation of the azoic rock, as its strata rest upon or are lapped up against an exten- sive dyke of porphyry on the southeast. The great disseminated lead region of the State, so far as known, occupies about one-half of the northern portion of Madison and the same amount of land in St. Francois County. There is no mistaking the character of this galeniferous formation, or confounding it with that of any other yet discovered in Missouri. At Mine LaMotte, St. Joe, Mine a Jo and at the Fox Mines, as well as at the Captain Shaw lands, this grand dissemination has been clearly determined to exist as one belt and conforming to one system of sedimentary deposition. There are many localities between the points named where the members of the 732 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL Lower Silurian rock have been elevated, presenting disseminated galena with the same unmistakable forms and associations. The topographical character of the disseminated belt is a succession of elevations, valleys, and in several localities, considerable hills or small mountains. The elevations in the region of the Fox Mines, 2 miles west of Fredericktown, present a dark reddish porphyry cropping out from their summits and scatterd along their sides. Further down, and near the bottom of the valleys, also in many places lapping the porphyrys are the second sandstone and third magnesian limestone. Over the greater part of the disseminated lead region indicated, the rocks will be found to carry the same lithological character as those already named, and over none of this region have we observed rocks of a later geological age than the Lower Silurian, but let it not be inferred that these formations are uniform throughout this district, for, at the Fox Mines the second sandstone is entirely wanting, its place being occupied by 12 feet of a hard, brownish, crystalline silico-magnesian limestone, in which are found the organic remains of Orthis, StraparoUus and other forms. That a clear and comprehensive idea of this formation and association may be had, we present the measurement of a shaft 50 feet deep, made from the bottom upward : First came 20 feet of hard, bluish-gray, silico-magne- sian limestone, in which was disseminated galena with sulphuret of nickel, cobalt, copper and sulphuret of iron; above this are 9 feet of hard, dark-brown, irregularly crystallized limestone with large masses of sulphuret of iron scattered through which are traces of nickel ; next 2 feet of compact, hard, bluish-white magnesian limestone, containing 29 per cent, of lead with many regular cubes of galena coated with cobalt occurring in little openings; then 12 feet of brownish-gray compact magnesian limestone ; then 7 feet of clay and alumina, in which are broken masses of sandstone, chert and limestone. \\\ the bottom of this shaft a drill was sunk through the 3d magnesian limestone which is of a uniform character. After boring 138 feet, the drill penetrated the 3d sandstone. There are several localities in this metalliferous belt where slates are found carrying the richest disseminations of lead yet discovered; in this the lines of deposition can be plainly traced. It is not difficult to determine the physical progress, active force and manner of the consolidation of these strata. The deposition of galena and silver in the porphyry at Dugal's Mine, in Reynolds County, presents all the characteristics of a sedimentary formation. The lead found here enters the magnesian limestone series, which covers a large portion of the porphyry hill, and contains silver sufficient to class it as argentiferous. The Azoic rocks in this region, when the great Silurian System began to be formed, were so many islands, their heads only elevated above the vast sedimentary sea. The bed upon which the limestones and sandstones THE LEAD DEPOSITS. 733 were deposited, consisted of the weatherings of the Azoic rocks, which naturally sought the valleys and became a base for the sedimentary rock. This boundless sea held in solution lime, magnesia, alumina, manga- Jiese, lead, copper, cobalt, nickel, iron and other mineral substances. In this chemical condition gases were evolved and the work of forma- tion commenced. The two gases forming the great creative power and aiding solidification, were carbonic acid and sulphuretted hydrogen ; the former seeking its affinity in lime and forming limestone ; the sulphur in the latter naturally combining with the other metals, forming sulphates or sulphurets. The work of deposition and solidification being in Jharmony, it is easy to understand how these minerals exist in a dissemi- nated condition in these rocks. The slates that we find so rich in galena, presenting the myriad forms •of Lingula, must also have been formed in the Silurian Age. The distri- ,bution among the magnesian limestones of these decomposing slates, can be most easily accounted for: The decomposed feldspar produced by ihe weathering of the porphyry, became in its change a silicate of alumina; and the sulphur combining with the lead, disseminated the same in the slate as readily as in the limestone. We have been thus explicit in describing this formation, because this lead dissemination is the only one known to exist, and is the source from which millions of pounds of lead annually reach our markets to be merged into various commercial forms. The region just described, and which is known as the Mine LaMotte district, was discovered about 1720 by LaMotte and Renault. It was not, however, until this territory was ceded to Spain, that any consider- able mining for lead was done in this part of Missouri, Mine a Breton, was discovered by M. Le Breton, and a general excitement ran through all the Spanish settlements of the territory. Moses Austin of Virgina secured from the Spanish Government a large grant of land near Potosi, and sunk the first regular shaft upon the lode of .mineral found going down in an opening in the magnesian limestone. After taking out large quantities of lead, he, in 1789, erected the first .reverberatory furnace for the reduction of lead ever built in America. In some portions of Ste. Genevieve, Jefferson and other south-eastern counties, lead has been found in the carboniferous rocks, but not in any considerable quantity. It is in the magnesian limestone only that paying quantities have been developed. In all the region named we find crys- tallyzed cubes of galena in the " tallow clay" occurring as "float "; and usually in the immediate vicinity, the openings in the second and third jnagnesian limestone are filled with cubes of galena, clay, sulphate of baryta, calc spar, sulphuret of zinc or black jack, and the silicate of iinc. The minerals named usually occur as a gangue for the lead, and the baryta and sulphuret of zinc in amorphous forms. The vertical posi- 3fj4 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL tion of the mineral in these fissures or openings, often "pinches" up, and the mineral is lost, but the " fault " is soon run, the lode again found, and the lead struck with the same gangue as before. In Franklin County, and also in Washington and Jefferson, galena is found in ferruginous clay and coarse gravel, often associated with small masses of brown hematite iron and the sulphuret of iron. Sometimes the openings in the lime- stone do not present well defined walls, the lead and other substances; lying in small cavities or pockets. The most noted of the Franklin County mines are the Virginia, Mt. Hope, Golconda, Evans, Skewes, Elliott, Darby, Patton, Massey, Berthold, Gravelly, Enloe and Hamilton. The first mentioned has produced by far the greater portion of lead from, this section. A New York company purchased the Virginia mines in 1873, ^"^^ made extensive preparations for work, erecting a large furnace and iron warehouse before any ore was raised. But little judgment was used in sinking for the lead, and the results have not been at all satisfactory^ When this and the other mines were abandoned years ago, water was, in almost every instance, the cause. . The richer and more extensive depos* its probably lie beneath the lowest shafts sunk. Passing into Jefferson and Washington Counties, the geological for- mation does not differ materially from that of the lead region in Franklin, although the associations are in some instances quite different. At the "Webster Mines the silicate and carbonate of zinc are found always Accompanying the lead. At the Valle Mines, silicate of zinc and baryta occur as well as hematite iron ore. The great Mammoth Mine was a succession of caves, in which millions of pounds of lead were found adhering to the sides and roof, and on the bottom with clay and baryta. The Sandy, Tarpley, Edging, Yankee, Miller and many other diggings are well known, though now producing but little lead. The Frumet or Sinstein Mines are the most productive that have ever been opened in Jefferson County, and are now producing 107 pigs of lead a day, also large quantities of zinc ore. The Jenner's tract with mine of the same name is near by, and is thought to be as extensive and rich in ore as the former. The mines belonging to Dr. Dyer have attracted considerable attention from the richness of the ore and the presence of silver in the same. The Darby Diggings, on the Benton claim, are valuable mines, but the galena is so mixed with baryta that crushing and separating is necessary to secure the lead in a condition for reduction. In Washington, lead-mining has been carried on for a greater length of time uninterruptedly, and more acres of land have been dug over that have produced lead than in any other county in the State. The galena has been usually found in the gravel and clay overlying the magnesian rocks, and in a few instances assumes a lode form in fissures of the same. THE LEAD DEPOSITS. 735 At the mines of the Memphis Lead Company, south-east of Potosi, are found small cubes of lead disseminated through a hard geodic limestone, in which sulphate of baryta and silicate of zinc are in association. At Mine a Reed the lead follows a well-defined fissure in the second magne- sian limestone, occurring in flattened masses or depressed cubes with laminar structure ; but all resting upon their edges in the fissure. These, with the Harris and one or two others, are mines of recent dis- covery. Old Mines, Cannon, Scott, Bellefontaine, Austin, Burts, Layton, Cook, Elliott, Shore, Old Ditch, Turkey Hill, Richwoods and more than a hundred other mines are too well known to need here any detailed history. The lead production of this county is not nearly as large as it was between the years 1841 and 1854, but in some local- ities renewed energy is supplanting that lethargy which has held the lead-mining people of this rich galeniferous region in almost complete inactivity. In St. Frangois County, lead deposits which bear no relation to the grand system of dissemination at the St. Joe Mines, Capt. Shaw's Mines, Mine a Jo, etc., are found in the ferruginous clay and gravel, but these clay diggings, with but two or three exceptions, are not now worked to any great extent, though they have produced many millions of pounds in past years. Over portions of Madison County considerable lead is found in the clay ; but is not profitable working when compared with the richness and quantity of the celebrated Mine LaMotte region in the same county. Several localities in Iron County show a good prospect for lead. In Wayne, Carter, Reynolds and Crawford lead has been found, and in the eastern portion of the last named county considerable was mined a few years ago. Wherever it has been found in Wayne County it is invariably associated with the carbonates of copper and heavy spar, and lies in the magnesian limestone or in the drift above those rocks ; there is evidence of extensive deposits here. In Carter County, near Brushy Creek and some of the tributaries of Current River, the writer has seen several small exposures of galena, but no developments have yet been made. In Reynolds lead is found, as before stated, in porphyry and limestone, and in one or two localities, in the clay and cherty mass overlying the limestone. Ste. Genevieve County has a deposit of lead known as the Avon Mines on Mineral Fork, where mining and smelting has been prosecuted for many years. In this vicinity lead has also been found as "float" in several places. At the Avon Mines the mineral in the second sandstone, which rests here upon the third magnesian limestone, is scattered or dissem- inated through the same in almost horizontal strata. With the one, hematite iron ore and yellow ochre are found as well as in other portions of the sandstone in which the lead does not exist. Perry County 736 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL presents many localities where lead has be^n mined : Rozier, Horn's and Valle's may be mentioned, but there are no considerable deposits now known there. The lead has invariably been found in the clay openings of the third magnesian limestone. Lead exists in the small streams in several places in the western parts of Cape Girardeau County. In the twelve counties named, we may safely estimate that 2,000 square miles are underlaid with lead, upon which territory can be found almost anywhere, either in the clay, gravel openings, or in a diseminated con- dition. The lead production of this portion of the State, though on the increase, is not one-tenth what it would be could capital and skilled labor be made to understand its galeniferous wealth. What has been termed the central lead district of the State comprises the counties of Cole, Cooper, Moniteau, Morgan, Miller, Benton, Maries, Camden and Osage, and here again a marked difference is observed in formation and association. The galena is first discovered in isolated cubes scattered through a joint or tallow clay of a yellowish color. Where there has been no disturbance of the strata a silico crystalline magnesian limestone, answering to the second magnesian limestone of Swallow, is found immediately beneath the clay holding the masses of galena. In one or two localities the third magnesian limestone approaches very near the surface. Along the Moreau the exposures of the magnesian or calciferous sandrock series are more favorably presented for identification. Crossing from Brazito to Centertown, a ridge with outcroppings of the second sandstone is traceable for miles ; in many places overlaid with cotton rock. In two localities the cotton rock or first magnesian limestone has been found to carry galena in paying quantities. At the Pioneer Mines, known as the Scott Mines, as well as at Barber's and a dozen other places in the vicinity, galena occurs in the clay but a few inches below the surface. Large masses of lead in crystallized cubes are found in the clay at a depth of from 6 to 8 feet, when masses of broken cotton rock, sandstone, chert, and conglomerate were met with, and galena in sheets from 2 to 8 inches thick sandwiched between the masses, associated with sulphate of baryta and tallow clay. There is no regularity to the clip, inclination or associa- tion, until the regular beds of second magnesian limestone are reached. Here the galena passes into large openings in the rock, and becomes disseminated in the edges of the walls as well as completely mixed with the baryta. In Cole County the lead is uniformly met with in the joint clays, cherty conglomerate, finally assuming the vein and lode form in the magnesian limestone series. In this region lead is more uniformly found where surface exposures are met with, than in any other part of the State. In two shafts that have been sunk nearly 100 feet in the rock, the THE LEAD DEPOSITS. 737 third magnesian limestone has been struck ; and in it, the richer deposits of lead. Near Locust Mound, in the western part of the county, lead is found in magnesian limestone passing down between well defined walls, and held by a gangue of baryta, calc spar and brown hematite iron in the form of "pipe ore." It is a most singular and interesting formation and association. The galena and baryta are formed into round bale-like masses, with the pieces of pipe iron stuck through them in all directions. The " Old Circle," 3 or 4 miles distant, was discovered several years ago, and more than 3,000,000 pounds of lead mined ; but the water came in, the war began and operations ceased. In the same locality a number of •other shafts were sunk and worked for a time profitably, but all or nearly all were abandoned on account of the water. For the past three years, the lead development of Cole County has been more to the north-western •corner, passing into Moniteau and Cooper Counties. In the former, several valuable mines have been opened. The West Diggings have been extensively developed and proved rich. The mineral is found in con- nected cubes in limestone rock containing a large percentage of magnesia. It lies in lodes and pockets in the openings, filled up with a dark red ■clay. This lead seems to have been slightly oxydized upon the outside -of the masses of cubes, and sand sprinkled upon it, while in a condition to fasten the particles of silex firmly upon it ; thereby presenting a rough appearance, but yielding a large per cent, of lead. In Cooper County, lead has been found in several places, but not in any very con- siderable quantity. Near Otterville there have been two leads, probably paying ones, opened. In Osage, lead has been found in five places ; but none of these deposits are worked at present. Maries County has pro- duced but little lead ; though the Carter & Hunsucker Mines, 7 miles south of Shiler's Ferry, have yielded considerable galena of excellent • quality. The lead was discovered in a horizontal lode running along the : surface of the ground, and resting in an opening in the second magnesian -limestone. Lead has been found 13 miles west of Vienna, but associated Tvith sulphuret of iron, and so impure as to be almost worthless for .reduction. Many new discoveries were made during the winter of 1873, ;none of which have been fully developed. Camden possesses considerable deposits of lead, and in the vicinity of Linn Creek a number of mines have been successfully worked, and new developments are yielding large quantities of mineral. Lead has also -been found in many localities along the Little and Big Niangua, and as the entire northern portion of the county is underlaid with the magne- .sian limestone formation, it may be discovered in many places where its existence has never been suspected. Miller County is particularly rich in galeniferous ore. The whole county is underlaid with the 3d mag- nesian limestone, as can be plainly seen along the Osage River and the orn Henry King, Farmer 1869 Walter Lewis, Farmer Robert A. Marshall, Farmer 1873 Dr. D. R. Mitchell, Farmer 1870 John Ochenhausen, Farmer 1865 Thomas Owings, Farmer Dr. Hale Pitman, Farmer dorn E. R. Porter, Farmer 1873 H. Poulain, Farmer 1871 Henry D. Pratt, Farmer 1871 E. PuUen, Farmer 1864 T. Purl, Farmer i860 W.J. Skinner, Farmer 1859 J. B. Sullivan, Farmer 1872 Clay Taylor, Farmer ^.,., i860 W. W. Taylor, Farmer dom S. Thompson, Farmer 1861 Wm. Voll, Farmer 1873 L. B. R. Wells, Farmer..; 1853 Charles L. Williams, Farmer 1869 MIDDLETOWN. J. McKelvey Albert Craig, Attorney Martin Fournier, Blacksmith L. R. Gregg, Blacksmith W. J. Sanders, Blacksmith D. R. Glenn, Bridge Builder Isaac Hockaday, Capitalist A. Metcinger, Clerk No < or- Settled in ame, Business or Profession, Missouri. M. B. White, Clerk J. A. Anderson, Merchant D. Bounce, Merchant James Cline, Merchant Chas. L. Irvine, Merchant George A. Little, Merchant H. Looker, Merchant John C. Tucker, Merchant John C. Vcy, Merchant Henry A. Staines, Miller Josiah Whiteside, Miller Timothy Ford, Minister M. S. Warren, Physician Wm. Rickard, Saddler Richard Paris, Sewing Machines... James A. Conway, Shoemaker Robert Ewing, Stockman John Grigsby, Stockman Levi D. Putner, Stockman S. M. Hammock, Teacher Oliver Crane, Wheelwright W. W. Adams, Farmer 185S George Archer, Farmer 1849 George Bennett, Farmer l>orn Charles Bishop, Farmer 1852 J. R. Bray, F,armer 1848 E. Buchanan, Farmer i860 Frank Butters, Farmer dorn Charles J. Callaway, Farmer dorn Henry H. Camp, Farmer dorn Kennedy Chambers, Farmer dorn Thomas M. Chapman, Farmer dorn A, J. Chaulin, Farmer dorn J. C. Clark, Farmer dorn Thomas M. Crowel, Farmer 1859 Samuel Crutcher, Farmer 1 848 Wm. S. Davis, Farmer 1848 A. C. Dillion, Farmer dorn George Dillion, Farmer dorn Charles Dover, Farmer dorn George Dugan, Farmer dorn Robert L. Ewing, Farmer 1872 E. R. Farlow, Farmer 1865 L. B. Farthing, Farmer dorn Martin Fish, Farmer dorn W. P. Fisher, Farmer dorti' B.C. Ford, Farmer 1865 Henry A. Ford, Farmer dorn E.J. Fuller, Farmer 1847 James L. Gatewood, Farmer dorn- John L. Gibbs, Farmer 1865 Theo. A. Gibbs, Farmer dorn- Edw. Grehardt, Farmer 1864 M. P. Haney, Farmer 1849 Robert Harris, Farmer 1858 Edward Hart, Farmer dorn J. H. Hiatt, Farmer 1856 Wm. M. Holloway, Farmer 1842 James M. Howell, Farmer 1859 William Huff, F"armer i860 J. B. Johnson, Farmer 1842 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 799 Name, Business or Profession. Mi'ssouri" MIDDLETOWN— C<7«/'m«^(/. A.J. Kearney, Farmer born J. B. Keely, Farmer 1856 George Knapp, Farmer 1864 William Layson, Farmar ,. born W. C. Logan, Farmer born Howard Malcolm, Farmer 1840 Frank Mansfield, Farmer born Jeff. R. March, Farmer 1868 John R. Marshall, Farmer 1852 Rufus Marshall, Farmer born Alex. H. Martin, Farmer 1855 H. D. Martin, Farmer born Charles E. May, Farmer born G. H. Merrill, Farmer 1859 E. M. Miller, Farmer born R. G. Moone, Farmer born Edward Morton, Farmer 1865 William Nanne, Farmer born Phillip Orr, Farmer born C. Parker, Farmer borti John Powers, Farmer born M. S. Price, Farmer born J. E. Quick, Farmer 1854 C. M. Rawling, Farmer born J. H. Ray, Farmer born Abel Reuter, Farmer born Jeremiah Roberts, Farmer born Thomas M. Rowe, Farmer born H. W. Sheets, Farmer born P. A. Spears, Farmer born William Stokes, Farmer 1842 W. B. Stoler, Farmer 1840 Edward M. Stout, Farmer born David Taylor, Farmer born Henry Trainor, Farmer 1859 Samuel Waddle, Farmer born J. L. Waters, Farmer 1870 Lem. White, Farmer born MOT.TTGOMERY CITY. W. L. Gatewood, Attorney M. N. Mallerson, Banker Thomas R. Grant, Blacksmith J. M. Downey, Book-keeper Francis Starr, Book and Newsdealer J. A. McNeeley, Cashier J. S. Poindexter, Clerk Charles Potts, Clerk J. H. Strain, Clerk John Vogt, Contractor E. McGiil, Druggist H. Pokoke, Druggist F. C. Koenig, Dry Goods Ham & Bros., Dry Goods, Groceries W. S. Bryan, Editor Standard. J. Hamilton, Furniture R. M, Covington, Hotel A. Spinsby, Hotel Hiram Bladge, Insurance Agent Name, Business or Profession. Ilislouri! H. C. Lewis, Justice of the Peace... Thomas Ferguson, Livery George Teace, Mechanic George W. Walton, Mechanic Thomas H. Clare, Merchant Gordon & Winegar, Merchant J. R. Hance, Merchant A. T. Maupin, Merchant W. Temple, Merchant Tailor Wm. C. Shoemaker, Notary Public J. R. Bodine, Physician F. A. Hamilton, Physician Wm. E. Martin, Restaurant and Con^ fectioner D. Snether, Saddlery Alfred Hopkins, Saloon C. D. Harper, Stockman B. R. Hensley, Stockman R. H. See, Teacher Edward D. Wells, Teacher T. C. Baker, Wagon Maker R. W. Bishop, Farmer born T. W. Branett, Farmer born Stephen Doarn, Farmer born Robert Ellison, Farmer born A. O. Forshey, Farmer 1836 John E. Green, Farmer 1859 W. T. Hampton, Farmer born Geo. Hardin, Farmer born John Harris, Farmer born Webster Hunt, Farmer 1869 F. T. Lewis, Farmer 1848 G. T. Munns, Farmer born George Neely, Farmer born John Nelson, Farmer 1858 Jas. AL Owings, Farmer born J. A. Patton, Farmer born Albert C. Rankin, Farmer 1870 Charles Reed, Farmer *bortt James R. Scott, Farmer 1870 Charles A. Simpson, Farmer i860 Spencer Stevens, Farmer born G. J. Walker, Farmer 1846 NEW FLORENCE. R. H. Mansfield, Attorney T. J. Powell, Attorney C. H. See, Attorney Job Keeney, Blacksmith J. C. Ford, Druggist J. W. Stewart, Hay Press Callaway & Bishop, Livery J. S. Fitzhugh, Lumlier John Wilson, Merchant P. Gill, Physician G. Gowan, Shoemaker Frank Patten, Teacher Carter Adams, Farmer born Taylor Barnard, Farmer bortt Z.Carter, Farmer 1864 B. M. Coy, Farmer 1866 8oo CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. Name, Business or Profession. Missouri" NEW YTJyBiE^QiR— Continued. Fred. Duvalt, Farmer horn John Duvalt, Farmer horn Albert Fullington, Farmer 1866 E. O. Gott, Farmer horn Rich Gott, Farmer born Rich. J. Growant, Farmer 1873 Wm. Knox, Farmer horn John Lloyd, Farmer born William F. Lloyd, Farmer bom Samuel See, Farmer bom E. B. Sutton, Farmer 1864 William Woods, Farmer born PRICE'S BRANCH. Ford Henry, Merchant J. F. Tippet, Stockman R. Alexander, Farmer i860 Rev. M. L. Cope, Farmer 1853 W. W. Crocket, Farmer 1858 D. W. Graves, Farmer 185S Henry Pearl, Farmer i860 Calvin Watkins, Farmer 1858 Dr. W. A. Willis, Farmer 1858 WELLSVILLE. Edward D. Jordan, Abstract of Titles. John M. Barker, Attorney Matt. Mahoney, Blacksmith Jas. Peyton, Blacksmith Geo. Whitehead, Carpenter Henry A. Sharp, Cheese Factory W. R. Bunch, Clerk John J. Mclntire, Clerk E. D. Bethel, Furniture Sam'l L. Hayden, Hay Press John Bunch, Hotel Alsanson Day, Merchant Edmund Shepley, Miller Chas. S. Shumate, Minister A. F. Barnett, Physician Thomas Perry, Physician Thomas R. Peters, Physician L. S. Pitzer, Professor J. M. Turner, Saddler Thomas Hickerson, Stage Line John Beck, Stock James Gowen, Stock Charles H. Peters, Stock David Petty, Stockman J. Pickett, Stockman John P. Powers, Stock Enoch Steere, Stockman Name, Business or Profession, Mi"souri" S. P. Hays, Teacher James P. Martin, Teacher Charles Moten, Tinsmith Henry Erlinger, Wagon Maker George Bains, Farmer 1852 George Barton, Farmer born Robert Blackshaw, Farmer , bom J. S. Blanchard, Farmer 1869 John D. Boone, Farmer 1854 John W. Boyd, Farmer 1854 J. W. Boyer, Farmer born Samuel Broushall, Farmer 1864 Daniel Brooks, Farmer H. V. Bunch, Farmer bom Jed. O. Caskell, Farmer born Robert Callaway, Farmer bom R. M. Coonyton, Farmer bom Milton Cox, Farmer horn Robert Craig, Farmer 1846 Frank Duclos, Farmer bom Henry C. Ellis, Farmer 1847 Charles Farlow, Farmer born David Field, Farmer 1869 John P. Gibbs, Farmer bom Robert Gilliland, Farmer 1849 A. R. Grigsby, Farmer born Samuel P. Haines, Farmer born W. R. Harris, Farmer born John Harrison, Farmer horn J. N. Haslip, Farmer horn W. H. Hawley, Farmer horn George M. Keith, Farmer bom Albert Majors, FaiTner bom Samuel Martin, Farmer bom William Martin, Farmer 1870 Robert McCreary, Farmer 1866 George H. Moore, Farmer 1848 J. Norris, Farmer born Wm. H. Pace, Farmer bom C. W. Proctor. Farmer , horn Ed. Purvis, Farmer 1868 E. R. Rawlings, Farmer born John Rosser, Farmer 1872 E. A. Russell, Farmer born Chris. Smalley, Farmer born T. M. Smirl, Farmer 1849 Jeremiah Smith, Farmer 1869 E.J. Steele, Farmer bom J. F. Stemmans, F"armer 1870 Arthur S. Stewart, Farmer 1849 Daniel P. Stewart, Farmer bom Harrison Stone, Farmer born A. J. Swallow, Farmer „ 1847 Charles Taylor, Farmer 1859 E. W. Wingfield, Farmer bom LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 8oi CARROLL COUNTY. Name, Business or Profession. Missouri. CARBOLLTON. M. T. C. Williams, Attorney and State Senator 1865 James H. Wright, Att'y and Mayor. 1870 H. Rhoinberg, Brewer 1867 Wm. M. Allen, City Marshall 1855 Samuel H. Gleaspn, Clerk .^.... 1871 Jas. E. King, Contractor and Builder. 1 865 Noah Krout, Contractor and Builder. 1866 H. T. Combs, County Clerk 1855 O. J. Kerby, Editor Journal. 1847 J. H. Turner, Ed. Wakenda Record. 1867 A. Maxfield, J. P. and Boarding H'se 1865 Max Markley, Livery 1874 L. B. Ely, Merchant 1844 J. T. Lawton, Miller 1865 Rev. John. H. Cox, M. E. Church... 1859 Rev. W. F. Drohan, Catholic Church 1873 u r. • at' Settled in Name, Business or Profession. Missouri. Rev. J. A. Mampower, M.E. Church South 1874 A. C. Blackwell, Recorder 1838 J. C. Tiedemann, Restaurant 1871 DE WITT. J. H. Kendrick, Citizen 1867 James D. Armitage, Druggist 1873 David Gilbert, Farmer 1852 Chain & Wilson, Hardware, Tin- ware and Stoves 1873 W. S. Ruckel, P. M. and Stationer. 1857 NORBORNE. James H. Belt, Groceries 1874 Robert W. Forrest, Lumber Dealer and Notary Public 1868 SULLIVAN COUNTY. MILAN. L. T. Hatfield, Attorney 1872 R. D. Morrison, Attorney 1845 William Baas, Cabinet Maker 1869 Geo. W. A. Preston, Clerk Cir. Court. 1859 John Q. Boner, County Clerk 1856 S. W. Mellor, County Surveyor 1858 James S. Graham, Druggist 1865 Ernst Ritze, Drugs and Groceries... 1869 J. F. Beatty, Editor of Gazette 1864 M. F. Lorentz, Editor of Standard.. 1871 Berg & Block, Furnishmg Goods.... 1873 Wm. Smick, General Store 1870 Solomon Poole, Groc. & Queensware 1853 W. H. Watson, Harness Maker 1853 James Beatty, Judge of Probate 1857 Rev. D. A. Wilson 1871 J.E.Nelson, Physician 1865 J. Ben. Ward, Physician 1867 Thos. J. Turner, Prop. Billiard Hall. 1870 Henry Boner, Real Estate Agent.... 1858 Joseph M. Stanley, Real Estate Agt. 1856 Benoni P. Downes, Saw & Grist Mill. 1873 Aaron Glidewell, Jr.,Saw& Grist Mill 1869 Robert Cochrane, Farmer 1862 Wm. W.Davis, Farmer 1858 Joseph C. DeWitt, Farmer 1843 Wm. H. Emberton, Farmer 1848 Armistead C. Hill, Farmer 1839 Sharon McCulK)ugh, Farmer 1S40 Addison Payne, T'armer 1S56 Isaac Shrader, Farmer 1856 BBOWNING. John T. Smith, Merchant 1839 Lewis Patterson,Physician& Druggist 1869 R.C.Clark, Farmer 1866 Lot. B. Lontz, Farmer 1840 Warren McCullough, Farmer 1840 F. E. Stone, Farmer 1840 GBEENCASTLE. Demertus Rich, Drugs, etc 1862 John McLaughlin, Farmer 1858 W. H. H. Marine, General Store... 1863 A. McGuire, General Store 1858 W. A. Watson, General Store 1859 R.J. Reed, Hotel 1868 M. P. Archer, Physician 1866 J. W. Standley, Physician 1872 W. W. Shearer, Physician & Druggist 1 861 KIDDVILLE. Jeremiah G. Smith, Farmer 1839 SCOTTSVILLE. S. A. Maloney, Carpenter 1840 S. C. Hutchinson, Miller & Farmer. 1867 George W. Norvell, Farmer '859 W. H. Oliver, Farmer 1857 Mrs. Maiy M. Reger, Farmer 1854 Isaac Shrock, Farmer 184O 802 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. AUDRAIN COUNTY. No \ or' Settled in ame, Business or Profession, Missouri. MEXICO. M. Y. Duncan, Attorney 1854 W. O. Forrist, Attorney 1868 G. B. Macfarlane, Attorney 1865 Edwin Silver, Attorney J. R. Williams, Attorney 1854 C. H. liarclin. Banker and Senator. 1866 Thomas Hughes, Blacksmith 1872 D. N. Evans, Builder 1859 Samuel Apgar, Carpenter and Builder J. R. Bishop, Carpenter and Builder. 1865 J. P. SuUinger, Carpenter 1848 J. F. Llewellyn, Druggist 1869 R. Scharlarh & Co., Druggists 1872 W. G. Church, Editor Agrictdturist and Floral Guide 1865 Name, Business or Profession. If "louri" D. C. Wright, Architect and Builder. 1868 J. E. Hutton, Editor and PuMisher. 1871 J. Linn Ladd, Editor and Publisher, i860 Milton F. Simmons, Editor and Pub. 1865 Dutcher & Gleason, Hardware 1867 J. W. Brown, Hotel 1874 N. M. Roberts, Hotel 1855 Wm. F. Jones, House Mover 1865 Jno. P. Clark, Land Agent 1843 Joseph Thomas, Mechanic Rev. J. D. Murphy, Minister 1871 Wm. Starr, Physician C. W. Baker, Real Estate and Gen'l Insurance Agent 1870 A. D. Kellogg, Soap Manufactory... J. D. McKee, U. S. Express Agent. 1867 CHARITON COUNTY. BRUNSWICK. W. Boush Cox, Artist 1837 J. T. Keyte, Artist 1838 Charles A. Winslow, Attorney James M. Douglas, Druggist 1845 J.J. Bruce, Farmer 1844 Samuel Heinmann, Grocer 1S65 Jost tS: Hoffman, Grist Mill 1873 R. H. Heggins, Hotel 1874 John Kuechler, Hotel 1850 John F. Cunningham, Physician and Druggist 1853 Naylor & Balthis, Publishers 1865 E. Reinwald, Saddlery and Harness 1856 SALISBURY. Samuel & Gallemore, Publishers 1872 TRIPLET. J. M. Marsh, Merchant and R.R. Agt. 1835 Clement A. Jenning, Physician 1870 Charles W. P'leetwood, Farmer and Justice of the Peace 1837 John E. M. Triplet, Farmer, (Foun- der of Triplet) 1869 DALTON. Jacob Fuhrer, Blacksmith and Wag- on Maker 1871 "Wm. Carson, Hotel 1834 KEYTESVILLE. James Shaughnessy, Boots and Shoes 1873 Martin & Applegate, Druggists 1870 SCOTLAND COUNTY. MEMPHIS. Schofield & Gwynne, Attorneys John D. Smoot, Attorney J. W. Barnes, Cashier Scotland Co. Bank Charles S. Martin, Circuit Clerk Sterling McDonald, County Clerk... A. B. McAntire, County Treasurer John Gharky, Editor Memphis Con- servative C. W, Jamison, Editor Memphis Reveille S. A. Dysart, Editor Scotland Co. News J. P. Craig, Lumber Dealer Charles Mety, Pres't Scotland Co. Bank R. L. Lotz, Principal Pub. School Thomas McAllister, Property Owner LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 803 MARION COUNTY. Name, Business or Profession, HANNIBAL. Settled in Missouri. A. J. Smith, Agricultural Imple'ts... 1873 H. B. Leach, Agent Han. cSc St. Joe R. R. Co R. B. Dickson, Attorney 1865 W. H. Fisher, Attorney Thomas F. Gatts, Attorney J. L. RoBards, Attorney A. M. Rigler, Bakery and Confe'ry 1863 John L. Wise, Clerk Hardw'e Store 1872 B. Q. Stevens, Dentist 1850 E. M. Stockton, Dentist 1858 Henry Walker, Drugs and Medic' ns 1867 Johnathan Smith, Dry Goods A. Shenker & Co., Dry Goods and Carpets F. Van Patten, Engineer 1869 James A. Sappington, Farmer and Gardener 1850 Jacob Hock, Gas Fitter William V. Moss, Gen'l Ins. Agent 1872 Brown & White, Gen'l Ins. Ag'ts 1873 E. A. Parker, General Ticket Agent Han. & St. Joe Railroad 1873 Ira Beckwith, Hotel 1873 William J. Marsh, Liquor Dealer... George Munckton, Meat and Ice 1858 Charles Cross, Merchant 1873 Phillip Tucker, Sr., Merch't Tailor Irene Des Willis, Music i860 William R. Rhoades, Photographer 1872 J. W. Ayres, Prof. Public Schools... Clipper Print Co., Publishers Winchell & Ebert, Publishers M. G. Selleck, Real Estate Agent... James Ryan, Teas and Wines 1873 James T. Brown, Watchmaker and Jeweler 1866 PALMYRA. J. H. Engelhardt, Bakery C.Mitchell, Barber Hiener & Baker, Breweiy John Long & Son, Blacksmiths ,, „ n r • Settled in Name, Business or rroTessioni Missouri. Swartz & Henritci, Carriage and Plow Manufacturers Daniel Merritt, Conductor Han. & St. Joe Railroad Baum & Trader, Gen'l Agents J. B. & L. D. Cort, Grange Store.... F. Flemming, Grocer A. K. Zigler, Harness Maker George W. Lane, Hotel Charles C. Lee, Machinist Presly C. Lane, Mayor of Palmyra James S. Green, Palmyra Seminaiy Jacob Sosey, Palmyra Spectator Berghofer ik Pollman, Plow Man'frs Happel & Diemer, Pork Packers Leflet & Gordon, Pub. Netu Era... Rev. Jacob Creth H. Nicol & Co., Steam Furnit'r Mfr. Harmon Gentry, Stock Dealer J. B. Holt, Farmer Thomas Lear, Farmer J. R. Palmer, Farmer NORTH RIVER. William Cox, Stock Manager 1870 William Blade, Farmer A. Brown, Farmer Mrs. Kate Bryant, Farmer 1832 Elisha Fogle, Farmer Edwin R. Hansbrough, Farmer Joshua Harsell, Farmer and Stock 1 847 Thomas Lewis, Farmer G. W. Mathews, Farmer 1822 E. G. Moore, Farmer..-. James Tate, Farmer Rev. Caleb S. Taylor, Farmer J. R. Yeager, Farmer 1854 John R. Young, Farmer 1835 WEST QUINCY. Jackson Randels, Blacksmith William T. Roberts, Engineer J. M. Randolph, Groceries and Hotel Lewis Taylor, Justice of the Peace J. W. Bradford, Lumber Dealer W. J. McCoy, Lumber SCHUYLER COUNTY. LANCASTER. R. Caywood, Attorney G. B. Gamble, Attorney Edward Higbee, Attorney Hughes & Hughes, Attorneys. Wm. Lindsey, Attorney C. Elliott Vrooman, Attorney. John Baker, Circuit Clerk b. T. Truitt, County Clerk.... 8o4 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. Name, Business or Profession. LANCASTER— Cb«/mMf