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4UMBER. 
 
 V. 
 
 ^ COMPLjTE_jlRi$T^ljSSSTORY IN EACH NUMBER. 
 
 copyright. 18^inr>- J. 3. Oo.lv.p. ^-i^ M^^eh 3. 1882. Prtoe S^ ner v.«r n, ... .: :ZZ:Z 
 
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 Eutereil at Nck- v„rk I'lwt olBce as secomlclaas "i 
 
 PRICE 10 GENTS. 
 
 No. 205. 
 
 EULOGY 
 
 O XX 
 
 iMES A. GARFIELD, 
 
 TWENTIETH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, 
 »red rebrm«T 27, 1882, in the House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. 
 
 B-V 
 
 HON. JAMES g/bLAINE. 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S LIBRARY IS THE MOST POPULAR, BECAUSE 
 
 3 SO mauy original stories by American AntLors Tl>o Mi • 
 
 . so.e of tLeeefro. the n .! CI 1 'Z ' '" ''' '"' ''' ''' ^^' ^^^' ''' '^' ^•^' ^^^ l^^' ^^' ^ 190. 
 
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POPULAR BOOKS. 
 
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 The Secret Sorrow. 1^™°. •i*^ pages. Price $1.25. 
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 This is, indeed, a whole bushel of funny things well shaken 
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 This is one of the most interesting and thrilling detective 
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 A Bad Boy's Diary. This is one of the most humortiios 
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 In response to the almost universal demand for a handsome a , ,d 
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 the Publishers. 
 
 Album- Writers Friend (The', by j. s. Oghvik. 
 
 16mo, 64 pages. Paper cover, 15 cents. Cloth, 30 cents. 
 This is a new and choice collection of gems of Prose and 
 Poetry, comprising over three hundred selections suitable for 
 writing in Autograph Albums, Valentines, and for Birthday and 
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 This is the only collection of sucli verses that has been printed. 
 We offer this book, feeling assured that it will not only supply 
 a want, but that it will give entire satisfaction. 
 
 Tony the Hero. By Hobatio Ai^jee, Je., Author of "Abner 
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 pages, $1.25. 
 
 The name and fame of this author are world-wide, and his 
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 This is a story by this famous author, showing the suceest ■ 
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 after years as he became a citizen of the great West. A 
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 do right under all circumstances. 
 
 OF 
 
 JAMES A. GAKFIELD, 
 
 Together -with a complete history of Charles J. Guiteau, the assassin, giving the comments of the press on the tragedy, ttio 
 feeling throughout the country, words of sympathy from all parts: of the world, voices from the pulpit, including sermpns 
 liy Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, Rev. Dr. Stori-s, Rev. Robert S. Mc'AiJthur, Rev. Dr. J. P. Newman, and other prominent clergy- 
 men. Also giving the details of the wonderful journey t<5 Ix)ng Braneb,'dcatti-bed scenes, funeral services and sermon, and a comp et<s 
 met^lical history of the ease, the autopsy by the physicians; also a series of charts showing the pulse, temperature, and as- 
 piration from the day of the shooting till" bis" donth. T-his is not in <mi/{ other hook. The volume contains a complete his l)ry 
 of Jas. A. Garfield, from his boyhood life on the tow-path, to the proudest position in the world. It also contains the Lif I of 
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 All of the above Books are for sale by the Newsdealer from whom you received this circular. i 
 
A COMPLETE FIRST CLASS STORY IN EACH NUMBER. 
 
 SINGLE NUMBER. 
 Vol. IV. 
 
 CopyriRht. 1«81. by J. S. Ooii.vii .ft Co -March 3. IKftJ Price $7.50 per year of ."a Numbers. 
 
 PRICE (0 CENTS. 
 
 J. S. OGILVIE S: CO., Publishers, 31 Eose Street, New York. 
 
 No. 205. 
 
 Hiitert!'! at Nfw York l'»>eiLofRce as secouil t-Iasa matter. 
 
 EULOGY 
 
 ON 
 
 JAMES A. GARFIELD, 
 
 TWENTIETH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 DELIVERED IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES, WASHINGTON, D. C, 
 FEBKXJ^VIIY 27, 1882, BY 
 
 Hon. J^IMES GJ^. BLj^INE. 
 
 The following cnlogy was delivered before one of the 
 moet notable gatherings of distingnislied men and women 
 this country has ever seen, and was received with enthu- 
 siastic expressions of approval and counnendation. 
 
 Mb. President : For the second time in this generation 
 tlie great de[)artnients of the Govenunent of the United 
 States are assembled in the Hall of llepresentatives to do 
 honor to the memory of a murdered President, lincoln 
 fell at the close of a mighty struggle, in which the pa.ssioiis 
 of men had been deeply stirred. The tragical termina- 
 tion of his great life added bnt another to the lengthened 
 succession of horrors which had marked so niuny lintels 
 with the blood of the first-born. Grui-field Vvus slain in a 
 day of peace, when brother Lad been reconciled t6 
 brother, and when anger and hate had been banished 
 
 from the land. "Whoever shall hereafter draw the 
 portrait of murder, if he will show it as it has been ex- 
 hibited where such example wiLs last to have been looked 
 for, let him not give it the grim visixge of Moloch — the 
 brow knitted by revenge, the face black with settled hate. 
 Let him draw, rather, a decorous, smooth-faced, bloodless 
 demon ; not so much an exampk; of human nature in its 
 depravity and in its paroxysms of crime as an infernal 
 being, a fiend in the ordinary flisplay and development 
 of his character." 
 
 From the landing of the pilgrims at Plymouth till the 
 uprising against Charles I., about 20,000 emigrants came 
 from Old England to New England. As they came in 
 pursuit of intellectual freedom and ecclesiastical indepen- 
 dence rather than for worldly lienor and profit, the emi- 
 
Jli\j LiKJKjr 2. \JV{ o-a.isi.£ja -o.. \jrJ:i.i\r xiuuij. 
 
 gration naturally ceased when the contest for religious 
 liberty began in earnest at home. The man who struck 
 his most eiiective blow for freedom of conscience by 
 sailing for the colonies in 1620 would have been accounted 
 a deserter to leave after 1640. The opportunity had 
 then come on the soil of England for that great contest 
 which established the authority of Parliament, gave relig- 
 ious freedom to the people, sent Charles to the block, 
 and committed to the hands of Oliver Cromwell the 
 supreme executive authority of England. The English 
 emigration was never renewed, and from these 20,000 
 men, with a small emigration from Scotland and from 
 France, are descended the vast numbers who have New 
 England blood in their veins. 
 
 In 1685 the revocation of the edict of Nantes by 
 Louis XIV. scattered to other countries four hundred 
 thousand Protestants, who were among the most intelli- 
 gent and enterprising of French subjects — merchants 
 of capital, skilled manufacturers, and handicraftsmen, 
 superior at the time to all others in Europe. A con- 
 siderable number of these Huguenot French came to 
 America; a few landed in New England and became 
 honorably prominent in its history. Their names have 
 in large part become anglicized, or have disappeared, 
 but their blood is traceable in many of the most reputa- 
 ble families, and their fame is perpetuated in honorable 
 memorials and useful institutions. 
 
 From these two sources, the English-Puritan and the 
 French-Huguenot, came the late President — his father, 
 Abram Garfield, being descended from the one, and 
 his mother, Eliza Ballon, from the other. It was good 
 stock on both sides — none better, none braver, none 
 truer. There was in it an inheritance of courage, of 
 manliness, of imperishable love of liberty, of undying 
 adherence to principle. Garfield was proud oi his 
 blood, and, with as much satisfaction as if he were a 
 British nobleman reading his stately ancestral record 
 in Burke's Peerage, he spoke of himself as ninth in 
 descent from those who would not endure the oppres- 
 sion of the Stuarts, and seventh in descent from the 
 brave French Protestants who refused to submit to 
 tyranny even from the Grand Monarque. 
 
 General Gai-field delighted to dwell on these traits, 
 and, during his only visit to England, he busied him- 
 
 self in discovering eveiy trace of his forefathers in 
 parish registries and on ancient army rolls. Sitting with 
 a friend in the gallery of the House of Commons one 
 night after a long day's labor in this field of research, 
 he said with evident elation that in every war in which 
 for three centuries patriots of English blood had struck 
 sturdy blows for constitutional government and human 
 liberty his family had been represented. They were 
 at Marston Moor, at Naseby, and at Preston ; they were « 
 at Bunker Hill, at Saratoga, and at Monmouth, and in 
 his own person had battled for the same great cause in 
 the war which preserved the union of the States. 
 
 Garfield's Eaely Life. 
 
 Losing his father "before he was two years old, the 
 early life of Garfield was one of privation, but its pov- 
 erty has been made indelicately and unjustly prominent. 
 Thousands of readers have imagined him as the rag- 
 ged, starving child, whose reality too often greets the 
 eye in the squalid sections of our lai'ge cities. General 
 Garfield's infancy and youth had none of their desti- 
 tution, none of their pitiful features appealing to the 
 tender heart and to the open hand of charity. He was 
 a poor boy in the same sense in which Henry Clay was 
 a poor boy; in which Andrew Jackson was a poor 
 boy ; in which Daniel Webster was a poor boy ; in the 
 sense in which a large majority of the eminent men of 
 America in all generations have been poor boys. Be- 
 fore a great multitude of men, in a public speech, Mr. 
 "Webster bore this testimony : 
 
 " It did not happen to me to be born in a log cabin, 
 but my elder brothers and sisters were born in a log 
 cabin, raised amid the snow-drifts of New Hampshire, 
 at a period so early that when the smoke rose first from 
 its rude chimney and curled ever the frozen hills there 
 was no similar evidence of a white man's habitation 
 between it and the settlements on the rivers of Canada. 
 Its remains still exist. I make to it an annual visit. 
 I carry my children to it to teach them the hardships 
 endured by the generations which have gone before 
 them. I love to dwell on the tender recollections, the 
 kindred ties, the early affections, and the touching nar- 
 ratives and incidents which mingle with all I know of 
 this primitive family abode." 
 
 t.'dm^i 
 
EULOGY ON JAMES A. GARFIELD. 
 
 With the requisite change of scene the same words 
 would aptly porti-ay the early days of Garfield? The 
 poverty of the frontier, where all are engaged in a com- 
 nion struggle and where a common sympathy and hearty 
 co-operation lighten the burdens of each, is a very differ- 
 ent poverty, different in kind, different in influence and 
 effect from that conscious and humiliating indigence which 
 is every day forced to contrast itself with neighboring 
 wealth •n which it feels a sense of grinding dependence. 
 The poverty of the frontier is indeed no poverty. It is 
 but the beginning of wealth, and has the boundless possi- 
 . bilities of the future always opening before it. No man 
 ever grew up in the agricultural regions of the West where 
 a house-raising, or even a corn-husking, is matter of com- 
 mon interest and hopefulness, with any other feeling than 
 that of broad-minded, generous independence. This 
 honorable independence marked the youth of Garfield as 
 it marks the youth of millions of the best blood and brain 
 now training for the future citizenship and future govern- 
 ment of the Republic. Garfield was born heir to land, to 
 the title of freeholder which has been the patent and pass- 
 * port of self-respect with the Anglo-Saxon race ever since 
 Ilengist and Horsa landed on the shores of England. His 
 adventure on the canal — an alternative between that and 
 the dec:k of a Lake Erie schooner — was a farmer boy's 
 device for earning money, just as the New-England lad 
 begins a possibly great career by sailing before the mast 
 on a coasting vessel or a merchantman bound to the 
 farther India or to the China Seas. 
 
 No manly man feels anything of shame in looking back 
 to early struggles with adverse circumstances, and no man 
 feels a worthier pride than when he has conquered the 
 obstacles to his progress. But no one of noble mould de- 
 sires to be looked upon as having occupied a menial posi- 
 tion, as having bqen repressed by a feeling of inferiority, 
 or as having suffered the evils of poverty until relief was 
 found at the hand of charity. Gen. Garfield's youth pre- 
 sented no hardships which family love and family energy 
 did not overcome, subjected him to no privations which 
 he did not «heerfully accept, and left no memories save 
 those which were recalled with delight, and transmitted 
 with profit and with pride. 
 
 Garfield's early opportunities for securing an education 
 were extremely limited, and yet were sufficient to develop 
 
 in him an intense desire to learn. He could read at three 
 years of age, and each winter he had the advantage of the 
 district school. He read all the books to be found within 
 the circle of his acquaintance ; some of them he got by 
 heart. While yet in childhood he was a constant student 
 of the Bible, and became familiar with its literature. The 
 dignity and earnestness of his speech in his maturer life 
 gave evidence of this early training. At eighteen years 
 of age he was able to teach school, and thenceforward his 
 ambition was to obtain a college educiition. To this end 
 he bent all his efforts, working in the harvest field, at the 
 carpenter's bench, and in the winter season teaching the 
 common schools of the neighborhood. While thus labori- 
 ously occupied he found time to prosecute his studies, 
 and was so successful that at twenty-two years of age he 
 was able to enter the Junior Class at Williams College, 
 then under the Presidency of the venerable and honored 
 Mark Hopkins, who, in the fulness of hfe powers, sur- 
 vives the eminent people to whom he was of inestimable 
 service. 
 
 In PtTBLic Life and the Akmt. 
 
 The history of Garfield's life to this period presents 
 no novel features. He had undoubtedly shown perse- 
 verance, self-reliance, self-sacrifice, and ambition— quali- 
 ties which, be it said for the honor of our country, are 
 everywhere to be found among the young men of Amer- 
 ica. But from his graduation at Williams onward, to the 
 hour of his tragical death, Garfield's career was eminent 
 and exceptional. Slowly working through his educa- 
 tional period, receiving his diploma when 24 years of 
 age, he seemed at one bound to spring into conspicuous 
 and brilliant success. Within six years he was succes- 
 sively President of a college. State Senator of Ohio, 
 Major-General of the Army of the United States, and 
 Eepresentative-elect to the National Congress. A com- 
 bination of honors so varied, so elevated, within a period 
 so brief and to a man so young, is without precedent or 
 parallel in the history of the country. 
 
 Garfield's army life was begun with no other military 
 knowledge than such as he had hastily gained from books 
 in the few months preceding his march to the field. 
 Stepping from civil life to the head of a regiment, the 
 first order he received when ready to crOss the Ohio was 
 
KULOGY OX JAMES A. GAliPlELD. 
 
 to assume command of a brigade, and to operate as an 
 independent force in Eastern Kentucky. His immediate 
 duty was to check tlie advance of Humphrey Marsliall, who 
 waB marching down the Big Sandy with the intention of 
 occupying in connection with other Confederate forces 
 the entire territory of Kentucky, and of precipitating 
 the State into secession. This was at the close of the 
 year 1861. Seldom, if ever, has a young college pro- 
 fessor been thrown into a nioi'e embarrassing and dis- 
 couraging position. He knew just enough of military 
 science, as he expressed it himself, to measure the ex- 
 tent of his ignorance, and with a handful of men he 
 was marching, in rough winter weather, into a strange 
 country, among a hostile population, to confront a largely 
 superior force under the command of a distinguished 
 graduate of West Point, who had seen active and im- 
 portant service in two preceding wars. 
 
 The result of the campaign is matter of history. The 
 skill, the endurance, the extraordinary energy shown by 
 Garfield, the courage he imparted to his men, raw and 
 untried as himself, the measures he adopted to increase 
 his force and to create in the enemy's mind exaggerated 
 estimates of his numbers bore perfect fruit in the rout- 
 ing of Marshall, the capture of his camp, the dispersion 
 of his force, and the emancipation of an important terri- 
 tory from the control of the Rebellion. Coming at the 
 close of a long series of disastere to the Union arms, 
 Garfield's victory had an unusual and extraneous impor- 
 tance, and in the popular judgment elevated the young 
 commander to the rank of a military hero. With less 
 than 2000 men in his entire command, with a mobilized 
 force of only 1100, without cannon, he had met an 
 ai-my of 5000 and defeated them— driving Marshall's 
 forces successively from two strongholds of tlieir own 
 selection, fortified with abundant artillery. Major-Gen. 
 Buell, commanding the Department of the Ohio, an 
 experienced and able soldier of the Regular Army, pub- 
 lished an order of thanks and congratulation on the 
 brilliant result of the Big Sandy campaign, which would 
 have turned the head of a less cool and sensible man 
 than Garfield. Buell declared that his services had 
 called into action the highest qualities of a soldier, and 
 President Lincoln supplemented these words of praise 
 by the more substantial reward of a Brigadier-General's 
 
 commission, to bear date from the day of his decisive 
 victory over Mai-shall. 
 
 The subsequent miHtary career of Garfield fully sus- 
 tained its brilliant beginning. With his new commission 
 he was assigned to the command of a brigade in the 
 Army of the Ohio, and took part in the second and de- 
 cisive day's fight in the great battle of Shiloh. The 
 remainder of the year 1862 was not especially eventful to 
 Garfield, as it was not to the armies with which he was 
 servino-. His practical sense was called into exercise in 
 completing the task, assigned him by Gen. Buell, of re- 
 constructing bridges and re-establishing lines of railway ., 
 communication for the army. His occupation in this 
 useful but not brilliant field was vai-ied by service on 
 courts-martial of importance, in which department of 
 duty he won a valuable reputation, attracting the notice 
 and securing the approval of the able and eminent Judge- 
 Advocate-General of the Army. That of itself was war- 
 rant to honorable fame ; for among the great men who in 
 those trying days gave themselves, with entire devotion, 
 to the service of their country, one who brought to that 
 service the ripest learning, the most fervid eloquence, the 
 most varied attainments, who labored with modesty and 
 shunned applause, who in the day of triumph sat reserved 
 and silent and grateful— as Francis Deak in the hour of 
 Hungary's deliverance— was Joseph Holt, of Kentucky, 
 who in his honorable retirement enjoys the respect and 
 veneration of all who love the union of the States. 
 
 Early in 1863 Garfield was assigned to the liighly im- 
 portant and responsible post of Chief of Staff to Gen, 
 Rosecrans, then at the head of the Army of the Cumber- 
 land. Perhaps in a great military campaign no subordi- 
 nate ofticer requires sounder judgment and quicker 
 knowledge of men than the Chief of Staff to the com- 
 manding General. An indiscreet man in such a position 
 can sow more discord, breed more jealousy, and dissem- 
 inate more strife than any other officer in the entire 
 organization. When Gen. Garfield assumed his new 
 duties he found various troubles already well developed 
 and seriously affecting the value and efficiency of the 
 Army of the Cumberland. The energy, the impartiality, 
 and the tact with which he sought to allay these dissen- 
 sions, and to discharge the duties of his new and trying 
 position, will always remain one of the most striking 
 
EUL03Y ON J.VMES A. GAKFIELD. 
 
 proofs of his great versatility. His military duties clo.ed 
 ou the .nemorable field of Chickamauga, a field which, 
 however disastrous to the Union anns, gave to him the 
 occasion of winning imperishable laurels. The very rare 
 distinction was accorded him of a great promotion for Ins 
 bravery on a field that was lost. President Lincoln 
 appointed him a Major-General in the Anny of the 
 United States for gallant and meritorious conduct in the 
 battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 The Army of the Cumberland was reorganized under 
 . the command of Hen. Thomas, who promptly offered 
 Garfield one of its divisions. He was extremely desirous 
 to accept the position, but was embarrassed by the fact 
 that he had, a year before, been elected to Congress, and 
 tlie time when he must take his seat was drawing near. 
 He prefeiTcd to remain in the military service, and had 
 within his own breast the largest confidence of success 
 in the wider field which his new rank opened to him. 
 Balancing the arguments on the one side and the other, 
 anxious to deternunc what was for the best, desirous 
 above all things to-do his patriotic duty, he was decisive- 
 ly influenced by the advice of President Lincoln and 
 Secretary Stanton, both of whom assured him that he 
 could, at that time, be of especiHl value in the House of 
 Representatives. He resigned his commission of Major- 
 General on the 5th day of December, 1863, and took his 
 seat in the House of Representatives on the 7th. He 
 had served two yeare and four montlis in the Army, and 
 had just completed his 32d year. 
 
 First Experience in Congress. 
 The Thirty-eighth Congress is pr^-eminently entitled 
 in history to the designation of the War Congress. It 
 was elected while the war was flagrant, and every mem- 
 ber was chosen upon the issues involved in the continu- 
 ance of the struggle. The Thirty-seventh Congress had. 
 indeed, legislated to a large extent on war measures, but 
 it was chosen before any one believed that secession of 
 the States would be actually attempted. The magnitude 
 of the work which fell upon its successor was unprece- 
 dented, both in respect to the vast sums of money raised 
 for the support of the Army and Navy, and of the new 
 and extraordinary powers of legislation which it was 
 forced to exercise. Only 34 States were represented, 
 
 and 182 membere were upon its roll. Among these 
 wei-e many distinguished party leaders on both sides, 
 veterans in the public service, with established repuU-^; 
 tions for ability, and with that skill which comes only 
 from parliamentary experience. Into this assemblage of 
 men Garfield entered without special preparation, and, it 
 might almost be said, unexpectedly. The question of 
 taking command of a division of troops under Gen. 
 Thomas, or taking his seat in Congress was kept open 
 till the last moment; so late, indeed, that the resignation 
 of his miliUry commission and his appearance in the 
 House were almost contemporaneous. He wore the uni- 
 form of a Major-General of the United States Array on 
 Saturday, and on Monday, in civilian's dress, he answered 
 to the roll-call as a Representative in Congress from the 
 
 State of Ohio. 
 
 He was especially fortunate in the constituency which 
 elected him. Descended almost entirely from Ne^-Eng- 
 land stock, the men of the Ashtabula district were in- 
 tensely i-adical on all questions relating to human rights. 
 Well educated, thrifty, thoroughly intelligent in affairs, 
 .cutely discerning of character, not quick to bestow con- 
 fidence, and slow to withdraw it, they were at once the 
 most helpful and most exacting of supporters. Their 
 tenacious tr^,st in men in whom they have once confided, 
 is illustrated by the unparalleled fact that Elisha Whit- 
 tlesey, Joshua R Giddings, and James A. Garfield rep- 
 resented the district for 54 years. 
 
 There is no test of a man's ability in any department 
 of public life more severe than service in the House of 
 Representatives; there is no place where so little defer- 
 ence is paid to reputation previously acquired, or to emi- 
 nence won outside ; no place where so little consideration 
 is shown for the feelings or the failures of beginners. 
 What a man gains in the House he gains by the sheer 
 force of his own character, and if he loses and falls back 
 he nmst expect no mercy, and will receive no sympathy^ 
 It is a field in which the survival of the strongest is the; 
 recognized rule, and where no pretence can deceive and 
 no glamour can mislead. The real man is discovered, his 
 worth is impartially weighed, his rank is irrevei.ibly de- 
 
 With possibly a single exception, Garfield was the' 
 youngest member of the House when he entered, and 
 
EULOGY ON JAMES A. GARPIM.D. 
 
 was but seven years from his college graduation. But he 
 had not been, in his seat sixty days before his ability was 
 recognized and his place conceded. He stepped to the 
 front with the confidence of one who belonged there. 
 The House was crowded with strong men of both parties ; 
 nineteen of them have since been transfen-ed to the Senate, 
 and many of them have served with distinction in the 
 Gubernatorial chairs of their respective States, and on for- 
 eign missions of great consequence ; but among them all 
 none grew so rapidly, none so firmly as Gai-field. As is said 
 by Trevelyan of his Parliamentary hero, Garfield suc- 
 ceeded " because all the world in concert could not have 
 kept him in the background, and because when once in 
 the front he played his part with a prompt intrepidity 
 and a commanding ease that were but the outward symp- 
 toms of the immense reserves of energy on which it was 
 in his power to draw." Indeed, the apparently reserved 
 force which Garfield possessed was one of his great char- 
 acteristics. He never did so well but that it seemed he 
 could easily have done better. He never expended, so 
 much strength but that he seemed to be holding addi- 
 tional power at «all. This is one of the happiest and 
 rarest distinctions of an effective debater, and often counts 
 for as much in persuading an assembly as the eloquent 
 and elaborate argument. 
 
 A Great Pakliamentakt Orator. 
 
 The great measure of Garfield's fame was filled by his 
 service in the House of Representatives. His militaiy 
 life, illustrated by honorable perfonnance and rich in 
 promise, was, as he himself felt, prematurely terminated, 
 and necessarily incomplete. Speculation as to what he 
 might have done in a field where the great prizes are so 
 few cannot be profitable. It is sufficient to say that as a 
 soldier he did his duty bravely ; he -did it intelligently ; 
 he won an enviable fame, and he retired from the service 
 without blot or breath against him. As a lawyer, though 
 admirably equipped for the profession, he can scarcely be 
 said to have entered on its practice. The few efforts he 
 made at the Bar were distinguished by the same high 
 order of talent which he exhibited on every field where 
 he was put to the test, and if a man may be accepted as 
 a competent judge of his own capacities and adaptations, 
 the law was the profession to which Garfield should have 
 
 devoted himself. But fate ordained otherwise, and his 
 reputation in history will rest largely upon his service in 
 the House of Representatives. That service was excep- 
 tionally long. He was nine times consecutively chosen 
 to the House, an honor enjoyed by not more than six 
 other Representatives of the more than 5000 who have 
 been elected from the organization of the Government 
 to this hour. 
 
 As a parliamentary orator, as a debater on an issue 
 squarely joined, where the position had been chosen and 
 the ground laid out, Garfield must be assigned a very 
 high rank. More, perhaps, than any man with whom he 
 was associated in public life, he gave careful and sys- 
 tematic study to public questions, and he came to every 
 discussion in which he took part with elaborate and com- 
 plete prepai'ation. He was a steady and indefatigable 
 worker. Those who imagine that talent or genius can 
 supply the place or achieve the results of labor will find 
 no encouragement in Garfield's life. In preliminary 
 work he was apt, rapid, and skilful. He possessed in a 
 high degree the power of readily absorbing ideas and 
 facts, and, like Dr. Johnson, had the art of getting fr»m 
 a book all that was of value in it by a reading apparently 
 so quick and cursory that it seemed like a mere glance 
 at the table of contents. He was a pre-eminently fair 
 and candid man in debate, took no petty advantage, 
 stooped to no unworthy methods, avoided personal 
 allusions, rarely appealed to prejudice, did not seek to 
 inflame passion. He had a quicker eye for the strong 
 point of his adversary than for his weak point, and on 
 his own side he so marshalled his weighty arguments as 
 to make his hearers forget any possible lack in the com- 
 plete strength of his position. He had a habit of stating 
 his opponent's side with such amplitude of fairness and 
 such liberality of concession that his followers often com- 
 plained that he was giving his case away. But never in 
 his prolonged participation in the proceedings of the 
 House did he give his case away, or fail, in the judg- 
 ment of competent and impartial listeners, to gain the 
 mastery. 
 
 These characteristics, which marked Garfield as a 
 great debater, did not, however, make him a great jjar- 
 liamentary leader. A parliamentary leader, as that term 
 is understood wherever free representative government 
 
EULOGY ON .IA31ES A. GARFIELD. 
 
 exist8,\ is 1 necessarily and very strictly the organ of 
 his party. An ardent American defined the instinctive 
 warmth of patriotism when he offered the toast, " Our 
 conntry, always right; but right or wrong, our country." 
 The parli.'imentaiy leader who has a body of followei-s 
 tliat will 40 and dare and die for the cause is one wlio 
 believes his .party always light, but, right or wrong, is 
 for liis party.* No more important or exacting duty de- 
 volves upon h/m than the selection of the field and the 
 time for contest. He must know not merely how to 
 strike, but where to strike and when to strike. He often 
 .skilfully avoids "-^he strength of his opponent's position 
 and scatters con^j^sion in his ranks by attacking an ex- 
 posed point when teally the righteousness of the cause 
 
 and the strength of logical iQtrenchment are against him. 
 
 1 
 He conquers often boti'i, against the right and the heavy 
 
 battalions; as when young Charles Fox, in the days of 
 his Toryism, carried the House of Commons against jus- 
 tice, against its immemorial rights, against his own con- 
 victions, if, indeed, at that period Fox had convictions, 
 and, in the interest of a corrupt administration, in obedi- 
 ence to a tyrannical sovereign, drove Wilkes from the 
 seat to which the electore of Middlesex had chosen him 
 and installed Luttrell, in defiance not merely of law but 
 of public decency. For an achievement of that kind 
 Garfield was disqualified — disqualified by the texture of 
 his mind, by the honesty of his heart, by his conscience 
 and by every instinct and aspiration of his nature. 
 
 The three most distinguished parliamentary leaders 
 hitherto developed in this country are Mr. Clay, Mr. 
 J)ouglas, and Mr. Thaddeus Stevens. Each was a man 
 of consummate ability, of great earnestness, of intense 
 personality, differing widely, each from the others, and 
 yet with a signal trait in common — the power to com- 
 mand. In the give and take of daily discussion, in the 
 art of controlling and consolidating reluctant and refrac- 
 tory followers ; in the skill to overcome all forms of op- 
 position, and to meet with competency and courage the 
 varying phases of unlooked for assault or unsuspected 
 defection, it would be diflicult to rank with these a 
 fourth name in all our congressional history. But of 
 these Mr. Clay was the greatest. It would, perhaps, be 
 impossible to find in the parliamentary annals of the 
 world a parallel to Mr. Clay in 1841, when at 64 years 
 
 of age he took control of the Whig party from the Pres- 
 ident who had received their suffrages, against the power 
 of Webster in the Cabinet, against the eloquence of 
 Choate in the Senate, against the Herculean efforts of 
 Caleb Cushing and Henry A. Wise in the House. In 
 unshai-ed leadership, in the pride and plenitude of power 
 he hurled against John Tyler with deepest scorn the 
 mass of that conquering column which had swept over 
 the land in 1S40, and drove his Administration to seek 
 shelter behind the lines of his political foes. Mr. Doug- 
 las achieved a victory scarcely less wonderful when, in 
 1854, against the secret desires of a strong Administra- 
 tion, against the wise counsel of the older chiefs, against 
 the conservative instincts and even the moral sense of 
 the country, he forced a reluctant Congress into a repeal 
 of the Missouri compromise. Mr. Thaddeus Stevens, 
 in his contests from 1865 to 1868 actually advanced his 
 parliamentary leadership until Congress tied the hands 
 of the President and governed the country by its own 
 will, leaving only perfunctory duties to be discharged by 
 the Executive. With two hundred millions of patron- 
 age in his hands at the opening of the contest, aided by 
 the active force of Seward in the Cabinet and the moral 
 power of Chase on the Bench, Andrew Johnson could 
 not command the support of one third in either house 
 against the parliamentary uprising of which Thaddeus 
 Stevens was the animating spirit and the unquestioned 
 leader. 
 
 Breadth of Garfield's Work in Congress. 
 
 From these three great men Garfield differed radically, 
 differed in the quality of his mind, in temperament, in 
 the form and phase «f ambition. He could not do what 
 they did, but he could do what they could not, and in 
 the breadth of his congressional work he left that wL^Ja 
 will longer exert a potential influence among men, an ' 
 which, measured by the severe test of posthumous crit- 
 icism, will secure a more enduring and more enviable 
 fame. 
 
 Those unfamiliar with Garfield's industry, and igno- 
 rant of the details of his work, may, in some degree, 
 measure them by the annals of Congress. No one of 
 the generation of public men to which he belonged has 
 contributed so much that will be valuable for future ref- 
 
EULOGY ON JAMES A. GARFIELD. 
 
 erence. His speeches are numerous, many of them bril- 
 liant, all of them well studied, carefully phrased, and ex- 
 haustive of the subject under consideration. Collected 
 from the scattered pages of ninety royal octavo volumes of 
 Congressional Record, they would present an invaluable 
 compendium of the political history of the most impor- 
 tant era through which the National Government has 
 ever passed. "When the history of this period shall be 
 impartially written, when war, legislation, measures of 
 reconstruction, protection of human rights, amendments 
 to the Constitution, maintenance of public credit, steps 
 toward specie resumption, true theories of revenue may 
 be reviewed, unsurrounded by prejudice and discon- 
 nected from partisanism, the speeches of Garfield will be 
 estimated at their true value, and will be found to com- 
 prise a vast magazine of fact and argument, of clear 
 analysis and sound conclusion. Indeed if no other 
 authority were accessible, his speeches in the House of 
 Representatives from December, 1863, to June, 1880, 
 would give a well-connected history and complete de- 
 fense of the important legislation of the seventeen event- 
 ful years that constitute his parliamentary life. Far be- 
 yond that, his speeches would be found to forecast many 
 great measures yet to be completed — measures which he 
 knew were beyond the public opinion of the hour, but 
 which he confidently believed would secure popular ap- 
 proval within the period of his own lifetime and by the 
 aid of his own efforts. 
 
 Differing, as Garfield does, from the brilliant parlia- 
 mentary leaders, it is not easy to find his counterpart 
 anywhere in the record of American public life. He 
 perhaps more nearly resembles Mr. Seward in his su- 
 preme faith in the all-conquering power of a principle. 
 He had the love of learijing, and the patient industry of 
 investigation, to which John Quincy Adams owes his 
 prominence and his Presidency. He had some of those 
 ponderous elements of mind which distinguished Mr. 
 Webster, and which, indeed, in all our public life have 
 left the great Massachusetts senator without an intellect- 
 ual peer. 
 
 In English Parliamentary history, as in our own, the 
 leaders in the House of Commons present points of es- 
 sential difference from Garfield. But some of his meth- 
 ods recall the best features in the strong, independent 
 
 course of Sir Robert Peel, and striking resemblances are 
 discernable in that most promising of modern conserva- 
 tives, who died too early for his country and his fame, 
 the Lord George Bentinck. He had all of Burke's love 
 for the sublime and the beautiful, with, possibly, some- 
 thing of his superabimdance ; and in his fyth and his 
 magnanimity, in his power of statement, in his subtle 
 analysis, in his faultless logic, in his love 6f literature, in 
 his wealth and world of illustration, one is reminded of that 
 great English statesman of to-day, who, 'confronted with 
 obstacles that would daunt any but the 'iauntless, reviled 
 by those whom he would relieve as bitterly as by those 
 whose supposed rights he is forced to invade, still labors 
 with serene courage for the amelioration of Ireland, and 
 for the honor of the English nam.e. 
 
 Nominated For President. 
 
 Garfield's nomination to the Presidency, while not pre- 
 dicted or anticipated, was not a surprise to the country. 
 His prominence in Congi-ess, his solid qualities, his wide 
 reputation, strengthened by his then recent election aa 
 Senator from Ohio, kept him in the public eye as a man 
 occupying the very highest rank among those entitled 
 to be called statesmen. It was not mere chance that 
 brought him this high honor. "We must," says Mr. 
 Emerson, " reckon success a constitutional trait. If Eric 
 is in robust health and has slept well and is at the top of 
 his condition and 30 years old at his departure from 
 Greenland, he will steer west and hie ships will reach 
 Newfoundland. But take Eric out and put in a stronger 
 and bolder man and the ships will sail 600, 1000, 1500 
 miles further and reach Labrador and New England. 
 There is no chance in results." 
 
 As a candidate, Garfield steadily grew in popular 
 favor. He was met with a storm of detraction at the 
 very hour of his nomination, and it continued with in- 
 creasing volume and momentum until ,'tlie close of his 
 victorious campaign : 
 
 " No might nor greatness in mortality 
 Can censure 'scape; baclswounding calumny 
 The whitest virtue strilces. What king so strong 
 Can tie the gall up in the slanderous tongue?" 
 
 Under it all he was calm and strong and confident ; 
 never lost his self-possession, did no unwise act, spoke 
 
-4 
 
 laLoo; 
 
 h' ()^ 
 
 N JAMKS A. GARFIKLD. 
 
 no ha^ or ill-considei-eri word. Indeed notliiug in bis time were distasteful to him, and were unfavorably con- 
 
 whole ^fe ifl more reuuirkahle or more creditable than 
 his bearng through those five full months of vitupera- 
 tion — a prolonged agony of trial to a sensitive man, a con- 
 stant and cmel draft upon the powers of moral endurance. 
 The great mass of these unjust imputations passed un- 
 noticed, and with the genei-al debris of the campaign fell 
 into oblivioi- t5ut in a few instances the iron entered 
 his soul andlbe died with the injury unforgotten if not 
 unforgiven.l 
 
 One aepecf of Garfield's candidacy was unprecedented. 
 Never before in the liistory of partisan contests in this 
 country had a successful Presidential candidate spoken 
 freely on passingvCvents and current issues. To attempt 
 anything of the knjd seemed novel, i-ash, and even des- 
 {)erate. The older Lass of voters recalled the unfortu- 
 nate Alabama letter, m which Mr. Clay was supposed to 
 have signed his politick death warrant. They remem- 
 l)ered also the hot-temppred effusion by which Gen. 
 Scott lost a large'share of his popularity before his nomi- 
 nation, and the unfortunate speeches which rapidly con- 
 sumed the remainder. The younger votere had seen Mr. 
 Greeley in a series of vigorous and original addresses pre- 
 paring the pathway for his own defeat. Unmindful of 
 these warnings, unheeding the advice of friends, Garfield 
 spoke to large crowds as he journeyed to and from New 
 York in August, to a great multitude in that city, to 
 delegations and deputations of every kind that called at 
 Mentor during the Summer and Autumn. With innu- 
 merable critics, watchful and eager to catch a phrase that 
 might be turned into odium or ridicule, or a sentence 
 that might be distorted to his own or his party's injury, 
 Garfield did not trip or halt in any one of his seventy 
 speeches. This seems all the more remarkable when it 
 is remembered that he did not write what he said, and 
 yet spoke with such logical consecutiveness of thought 
 and such admirable precision of phrase as to defy the 
 accident of a misreport and the malignity of misrepre- 
 sentation. 
 
 Presidential Life and Work. 
 
 In the beginning of his Presidential life Garfield's ex- 
 perience did not yield him pleasure or satisfaction. The 
 duties that engross so large a portion of the President's 
 
 trasted with his legislative work. "1 have been dealing 
 all these years with ideas," he impatiently exclaimed one 
 day, " and here I am dealing only with persons." I have 
 been heretofore ti-eating of the fundamental principles of 
 government, and here I am considering all day whether 
 A or B shall be appointed to this or that office." lie 
 was earnestly seeking some practical way of correcting the 
 evils arising from the distribution of overgrown and un- 
 wieldy patronage — evils always appreciated and often 
 discussed by him, but whose magnitude had been more 
 deeply impressed upon his mind since his accession to 
 the Presidency. Had he lived a comprehensive im- 
 provement in the mode of appointment and in the tenure 
 of office would have been proposed by him, and with the 
 aid of Congress no doubt pcrfe<'ted. 
 
 But, while many of the Executive duties were not 
 grateful to him, he was assiduous and conscientious in 
 their discharge.' From the very outset he exhibited ad- 
 ministrative talent of a high order. lie grasped the 
 helm of office with the hand of a master. In this re- 
 spect, indeed, he constantly surprised many who were 
 most intimately associated with him in the Government, 
 and especially those who had feared that he might be 
 lacking in the Executive faculty. His disposition of 
 business was orderly and rapid. His power of analysis, 
 and his skill in classification, enabled him to despatch a 
 vast mass of detail with singular promptness and ease. His 
 Cabinet meetings were admirably conducted. His clear 
 presentation of official subjects, his well-considered sug- 
 gestion of topics on which discussiQU was invited, his 
 quick decision when all had been heard, combined to 
 show a thoi'oughness of mental training as rare as his 
 natural ability and his facile adaptation to a new and en- 
 larged field of labor. 
 
 With perfect comprehension of all the inheritances of 
 the war, with a cool calculation of the obstacles in his 
 way, impelled always by a generous enthusiasm, Garfield 
 conceived that much might be done by his Administra- 
 tion towards restoring harmony between the different 
 sections of the Union. He was anxious to go South and 
 speak to the people. As eai-ly as April he had effectually 
 endeavored to arrange for a trip to Nashville, whither he 
 had been cordially invited, and he was again disappointed 
 
10 
 
 EULOGY ON JAMES A. GARFIELD. 
 
 a few weeks later to find that he could not go to South 
 Carolina to attend the Ceutennial celebration of the vic- 
 tory of the Cowpens. But for the Autumn he definitely 
 counted on being present at the three memorable assem- 
 blies in the South, the celebration at Yorktown, the 
 opening of the cotton exposition at Atlanta, and the 
 meeting of the Army of the Cumberland at Chattanooga. 
 He was already turning over in his mind his address for 
 each occasion, and the three taken together, he said to a 
 friend, gave him the exact scope and verge which he 
 needed. At Yorktown lie would have before him the 
 associations of a hundred years that bound the South and 
 the North in the sacred memory of a common danger 
 and a common victory. At Atlanta he would present 
 the material interests and the industrial development 
 which appealed to the thrift and independence of every 
 household, and which should unite the two sections by 
 the instinct of self-interest and self-defence. At Chatta- 
 nooga he would revive memories of tlie war only to show 
 that after all its disaster and all its suffering the country 
 was stronger and greater, the Union rendered indissolu- 
 ble, and the future, through the agony and blood of one 
 generation, made brighter and better for all. 
 
 Garfield's ambition for the success of his Administra- 
 tion was high. With strong caution and conservatism 
 in his nature, he was in no danger of attempting rash ex- 
 periments or of resorting to the empiricism of statesman- 
 ship. But he believed that renewed and closer attention 
 should be given to questions affecting the material inter- 
 ests and commercial prospects of fifty millions of people. 
 He believed that our continental relations, extensive and 
 undeveloped as they are, involved responsibility, and 
 could be cultivated into profitable friendship or be aban- 
 doned to harmful indifference or lasting enmity. He 
 believed with equal confidence that an essential forerun- 
 ner to a new era of national progress must be a feeling of 
 contentment in every section of the Union, and a gener- 
 ous belief that the benefits and burdens of government 
 would be,common to all. Himself a conspicuous illustra- 
 tion of what ability and ambition may do under republi- 
 can institutions, he loved his country with a passion of 
 patriotic devotion, and every waking thought was given 
 to her advancement. He was an American in all his 
 aspirations, and he looked to the destiny and influence of 
 
 the United States with the philosophic com])08ure of 
 Jefferson and the demonstrative confidence of John 
 Adams. 
 
 The political events which disturbed the. President's 
 serenity for many weeks before that fateful day in July 
 form an important chapter in his career, ajjid, in his own 
 judgment, involved questions of principle ' and of right 
 which are vitally essential to the constitutional adminis- 
 tration of the Federal Government. It would be out of 
 
 i 
 
 place here and now to speak the language cjf controversy ; 
 but the events referred to, however they niay continue to 
 be source of contention with others, have become, so far 
 as Garfield is concerned, as much a master of history as 
 his heroism at Chickamauga or his illustrious service in 
 the House. Detail is not needful, and personal antago- 
 nism shall not be rekindled by any word uttered to-day. 
 The motives of those opposing him are not to be here ad- 
 versely interpreted nor their course harshly characterized. 
 But of the dead President this is to be said, and said be- 
 cause his own speech is forever silenced and he can be no 
 more heard except through the fidelity and the love of 
 surviving friends. From the beginning to the end of tlie 
 controversy he so much deplored, the President was never 
 for one moment actuated by any motive of gain to him- 
 self or of loss to others. Least of all men did he harbor 
 revenge, rarely did he even show resentment, and malice 
 was not in his nature. He was congenially employed 
 only in the exchange of good offices and the doing of 
 kindly deeds. 
 
 There was not an hour, from the beginning of the 
 trouble till the fatal shot entered his body, when the 
 President would not gladly, for the sake of restoring 
 harmony, have retraced any step he had taken if such 
 retracing had merely involved consequences personal to 
 himself. The pride of consistency, or any supposed sense 
 of humiliation that might result from surrendering his 
 position, had not a feather's weight with him. No man 
 was ever less subject to such influences from within or 
 from withoHt. But after most anxious deliberation and 
 the coolest survey of all the circumstances, he solemnly 
 believed that the true prerogatives of the Executive were 
 involved in the issue which had been raised, and that he 
 would be unfaithful to his supreme obligation if he failed 
 to maintain, in all their vigor, the constitutional rights 
 
EULOGY JN JAMES A. GARFIELD. 
 
 11 
 
 and dignities of his gr^at office. He ])elieved this in all 
 the convictions of conscience when in sound and vigorous 
 health, and he believed "t in his siift'eiing and prostration 
 in the last conscious thought which his wearied mind be- 
 .stowed on tlie transitory st "Uggles of life. 
 
 More than this need, not be said. Less than this could 
 not be said. Justice to thp dead, the highest obligation 
 that devolves upon jtlie living, demands the declaration 
 that in all the bearings, of the subject, actual or possible, 
 the President was content in his mind, justified in his 
 conscience, immovable in his conclusions. 
 
 Garfield's Chabaotkb Reviewed. 
 
 The religious element in Garfield's character was deep 
 and earnest. In his early youth he espoused the faith of 
 the Disciples, a sect of that great Baptist communion 
 which in different ecclesiastical establishments is so 
 numerous and so influential throughout all parts of the 
 United States. But the broadening tendency of his 
 mind and his active spirit of inquiry were early apparent 
 and carried him beyond the dogmas of sect and the re- 
 straints of association. In selecting a college in which to 
 continue his education he rejected Bethany, though pre- 
 sided over by Alexander Campbell, the greatest preacher 
 of his church. His reasons were characteristic : first, 
 that Bethany leaned too heavily toward slavery ; and, 
 second, that being himself a Disciple and the son of 
 Disciple parents, he had little acquaintance with people 
 of other beliefs, and he thought it would make him more 
 liberal, — quoting his own words, — both in his religious 
 and general views, to go into a new circle and be under 
 new influences. 
 
 The liberal tendency which he anticipa*ed as the result 
 of wider culture was fully realized. He was emancipated 
 from mere sectarian belief, and with eager interest 
 pushed his investigations in the direction of modem pro- 
 gressive thought. He followed with quickening step in 
 the paths of exploration and speculation so fearlessly 
 trodden by Darwin, by Huxley, by Tyndall, and by other 
 living scientists of the radical and advanced type. His 
 own church, binding its disciples by no formulated creed, 
 but accepting the Old and New Testaments as the word 
 of God with unbiased liberty of pi-ivate interpretation, 
 favored, if it did not stimulate, the spirit of investigation. 
 
 Its members profess with sincerity, and profess only to 
 be of one mind and one faith with those who immediately 
 followed the Master, and who were firet called Christians 
 at Antioch. 
 
 But however high Garfield reasoned of " fixed fate, 
 free will, foreknowledge absolute," he was never separated 
 from the Church of the Disciples in his affections and in 
 his associations. For him it held the ark of the covenant. 
 To him it was the gate to heaven. The world of relig- 
 ious belief is full of solecisms and contradictions. A . 
 philosophic observer declares that men by the thousand 
 will die in defence of a creed whose doctrines they do 
 not comprehend and whose tenets they habitually violate. 
 It is equally true that men by the thousand will cling to 
 church organizations with instinctive and undying fidelity 
 when their belief in maturer years is radically different 
 from that which inspired them as neophytes. 
 
 But after this range of speculation, and this latitude 
 of doubt, Garfield came back always with freshness and 
 delight to the simpler instincts of religious faith, which, 
 earliest implanted, longest survive. Not many weeks 
 before his assassination, walking on the banks of the 
 Potemac with a friend, and conversing on those topics of 
 personal religion concerning which noble natures have 
 an ^conquerable reserve, he said that he found the 
 Lord's Prayer and the simple petitions learned in infaney 
 infinitely restful to him, not merely in their stated repe- 
 tition, but in their casual and frequent recall as he went 
 about the daily duties of life. Certain texts of Scrip- 
 ture had a very strong hold ob his memory and his heart. 
 He heard, while in Edinburgh, some yeai*s ago, an emi- 
 nent Scotch preacher who prefaced his sermon with read- 
 ing the eighth chapter of the Epistle to the Romans, 
 which book had been the subject of careful study witli 
 Garfield during all his religious life. He was greatly 
 impressed by the elocution of the preaclier, and declared 
 that it had imparted a new and deeper meaning to the 
 majestic utterances of St. Paul. He referred often in 
 after years to that memorable service, and dwelt with 
 exaltation of feeling upon the radiant promise and the 
 assured hope with which the great Apostle of the Gen- 
 tiles was "persuaded that neither death, nor life, nor 
 angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, 
 nor things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any other 
 
12 
 
 EULOGY ON JAMES A. GARFIELD. 
 
 f! 
 
 creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of 
 God, which is in Christ Jesus, our Lord." 
 
 The crowning characteristic of Gen. Garfield's relig- 
 ious opinions, as, indeed, of all his opinions, was his lib- 
 erality. In all things he had charity. Tolerance was of 
 his nature. He respected in others the qualitie.s which 
 he possessed himself — sincerity of conviction and frank- 
 ness of expression. ; With him the inquiry was not so 
 much what a man believes, but does he believe it? The 
 lines of his friendship and his confidence encircled men 
 of every creed, and men of no creed, and to the end of 
 his life, on his ever-lengthening list of friends, were to 
 be found the names of a pious Catholic priest and of an 
 honest-minded and generous-hearted free-thinker 
 
 Th IS G KEAT Tr AG KDY. 
 
 On the morning of Saturday, July 2d, the President 
 was a contented and happy man — not in an ordinary de- 
 gree, but joyfully, almost boyishly, happy'. On his %vay 
 to the railroad station, to which lie drove slowly, in con- 
 Kfious enjoyment of the beautiful morning, with an un- 
 wonted sense of leisure and a keen anticipation of pleas- 
 ure, his talk was all in the grateful and gratulatory vein. 
 He felt that after four months of trial his Administra- 
 tion was strong in its grasp of affairs, strong in po'pular 
 favor, and destined to gi-ow stronger ; that grave difficul- 
 ties confronting him at his inauguration had been safely 
 passed ; that trouble lay behind him and not before. him ; 
 that he was soon to meet the wife whom he loved, now 
 recovering from an illness which had but lately dis- 
 quieted and at times almost unnerved him ; that he was 
 going to his Ahna Mater to renew the most cherished 
 !t.ssociations of his young manliood, and to exchange 
 greetings with tliose whose deepening interest liad fol- 
 lowed every step of his upward progi-ess from the day 
 he entered upon his college coni'se, until he had attained 
 the loftiest elevation in the gift of his countrymen. 
 
 Surely, if happiness can ever come from the honors or 
 triumphs of this world, on that quiet July morning, 
 James A. Qai-Held may well have been a happy man. 
 No foreboding of evil haunted him ; no slightest pre- 
 monition of danger clouded his sky. His terrible fate 
 was upon him in an instant. One moment he stood 
 erect, strong, confident in the years stretching peacefully 
 
 /- - ■ 
 
 out before him. The next he fey wounded, bleeding, 
 helpless, doomed to weary weeks of torture, to silence 
 and the grave. 
 
 Great in life, he was surpaa ingly great in death. Foi- 
 no cause, in the very frenzy of waritonness and wicked- 
 ness, by the red hand of mufder, he was thrust from the 
 full tide of this world's interest, from its hopes, its aspi- 
 rations, its victories, into tb.e visible" presence of death— 
 and he did not quail. 'Nop alone for the one short mo- 
 ment in which, stunned ana dazed, he could give up life, 
 hardly aware' of its relirquishment, but through days of 
 deadly languor, through weeks of agony, that was not less 
 agony because silently borne, with clear sight and calm 
 courage he looked i ito his open grave. What blight and 
 ruin met his anguished eyes, whose lips may tell — what 
 brilliant, broken plans, what baffled, high aiftbitions, what 
 sundering of (^trong, warm, manhood's friendships, what 
 bitter rending of sweet household ties ! Behind him a 
 proud, expectant nation, a great host of sustaining friends, 
 a cherished and happy mother, wearing the full, rich 
 honors of her early toil and tears ; the wife of his youth, 
 whose whole life lay in his ; the little boys not yet 
 emerged from childhood's day of frolic ; the fair, young 
 daughter, the sturdy sons just springing into closest 
 companionship, claiming every day and every day re- 
 warding a father's love and care, and in his heart the 
 eager, rejoicing power to meet all demand. Befol-e him 
 desolation and great darkness! And his soul was not 
 shaken. His countrymen were thrilled with instant, 
 profound, and universal sympathy. Masterful in his 
 mortal weakness, he became the centre of a nation's love, 
 enshrined in the prayers of a world. But all tlie love 
 and all the sympathy could not share with him kis suffer- 
 ing. He trod the winepress alone. With unfaltering 
 front he faced death. With unfailing tenderness he took 
 leave of life. Above the demoniac hiss of the assassin's 
 bullet he heard the voice of God. With simple resigna- 
 tion he bowed to the Divine decree. 
 
 As the end drew near his early craving for the sea 
 returned. The stately mansion of power had been to 
 him the wearisome hospital of pain, and he begged to Im; 
 taken from its prison walls, from its oppressive, stifling 
 air, from its homelessness and its hopelessness. Gently, 
 silently, the love of a great people bore tlie pale sufferer 
 
EULOGY ON JAMES A. GARFIELD. 
 
 13 
 
 I t-> the longed-for healing of the sea, to live or to die, as 
 
 Vrod should will, within sight of its heaving billows, 
 
 ^\. »hin sound of its manifold voices. With wan, fevered 
 
 iftc* i tenderly lifted to the cooling breezt^ he looked out 
 
 y wistfully upon the ocean's changing wonc3r8; on its far 
 
 saili?, whitening in the morning light ; oi.^ its restless 
 
 waves, rolling shoreward to break and die ibcneath the 
 
 noonday sun ; on the red clouds of evening, arcliing low 
 
 to the horizon ; on the serene and shining pathway of the 
 stars. Let us think that his dying eyes read a mystic 
 meaning which only the rapt and parting soul may know. 
 IvCt us believe that in the silence of the receding world 
 he heard the great waves breaking on a further shore, 
 and felt already upon his wasted brow the breath of the 
 eternal morning. 
 
 GUITEAU TRJAL PICTURE. 
 
 An Ensraviiif^ for Every American. 
 
 Handsomely printed on heavy plato paper. Sizo 19x24 in. 
 I»liICK ONI^-V a.'J CKNTS. 
 
 DESCKIPTION OF THE ENGRAVING. 
 Every man, woman, and child in this whole nation has been inter- 
 estixl in the trial and conviction of Gaiteau, tho 
 
 COLD-BLOODED ASSASSIN, 
 
 who deliber.itoly shot James A. Garfield, one of the best of men, and 
 the head of our nation, and we have, at great expense, prepared an 
 Engraving giving the portrait of each of the 
 
 TWELVE GOOD AND TRUE MEN 
 
 who so promptly and conscientiously echoed the sentiments of the 
 whole people in pronouncing a Verdict of Guilty, which consigns the 
 ivss:issin to a death on the gallows. 
 
 Every mim will consider it an honor to look upon the face of tho 
 twelve "jurymen who gave up their time and business, for seventy-two 
 days, to decide one of the most momentous questions ever presented to 
 thx mind of man, and on which, to a great extent, depended the stability 
 i.uil permanency of all of our 
 
 AMKRICAN INSTITUTIONS. 
 In addition to the portraits of the jnrj' who have thus immortalized 
 tii< mselves, this engraving presents portraits of 
 
 JAMES A. G.ARFIELD, THE MARTYRED PRESIDENT, 
 \\" a.TBR S. Cos, the Presiding Judge— CHiRLEs G. Corkhilj,, District 
 Xiunney — J. K. Pobteb, Gounsel for Prosecutioa — E. B. Smith, Asso- 
 ciate Counsel — Walter W. Davldoe, As.sociate Counsel — Gbobge M. 
 i^oiviLLE, Coimsel for Defen.se - 
 
 Quiteau the Aassssia in Charge of th ■ Court Officers. 
 Each of the above portraits were taken feom ufe, thus giving the 
 opportunity to all to study the features and expressions of some of the 
 ni.i.^t promment men the world has ever seen. 
 
 This engraving, consisting of Twenty Handsome Portraits, should 
 in every home and in every day-school in our land, that all may 
 Know and realize the full history of the greatest crime of the age, 
 and realize that justice and retribution will come upon all who would 
 attempt to 
 STRIKE DOW^N THE HEAD OF A NATION. 
 Wo want an agent in every town, vill^^e, and school-district in the 
 whole land to sell it. School girls and boys can make $5.00 to 
 iS.5O.0O a week, because we offer unheard-of inducements. Send us 25 
 c:ciit-i for a sample copy, and if you desire to act as agent, or know of 
 any of yonr friends whom you think will, please reque.st ns to send you 
 our oonlidential circular to agents, as we send it only to those who 
 contempLate selling tho engraving. Addi-ess all orders and applica- 
 tions for agency to 
 
 a". S. 0<3rXXj"^7~X:SS tSs Co., Publishers. 
 P. O. Box '.£767. tl5 Ksoe Ha-e«t, New York. 
 
 The Garfield Memorial Picture. 
 
 AN ELEGANT ENGRAVING FOR EVERY HOME. 
 
 Handsomely Printed on Heavy Plate Paper. 
 Size 19x24 inches. 
 
 No event in the entire history «f our nation so much deserves being 
 kept in the minds and memory of the people as the Life and Death of 
 James A. Garfield, one of the truest and noblest of men, who by his 
 own exertions rose from a humble place on tho tow-path of the canal 
 to the proudest position in the world. 
 
 This engraving presents in striking vividness the history of our 
 martyred l^resid.nl, and it should be in every home, that the children 
 may know its full mcivning. 
 
 DESCRn>TION OF THE ENGRAVING. 
 
 The engraving comprises Fifteen Very Finely Engraved 
 
 Cuts ""OS'' "f which were prepared expressly for this work. 
 ' THE G.ARFIELD FAMILY. COMPRISING: 
 
 James A. Garfield; Mrs. James A. Garfield, his wife; Mrs. Eliza Gar- 
 field the venerable and respected mother of the President; Portraits of 
 the Five Children -viz., Abram Garfield, Irving Garfield, Miss Mollie 
 Garfield, James R. Garfield, and Harry A. Garfield. 
 
 It also shows the Garfield Homestead at Mentor, Ohio; Elberon Cot- 
 tage, where the President died, showing the temporary track whick 
 was laid to the door of the cottage. 
 
 Every boy and girl will be interested in the picture of James A. Gar- 
 field driving his mule on the tow-path of the canal, and compare it 
 with the one showing his inauguration as President of the fnited 
 
 States. , 1 i u 
 
 One feature of special interest is a carefully prepared chart trom the 
 official bulletins, showing the temperature, pulse, and respiration of 
 the President during the eighty days of his heroic struggle for life. It 
 also has the fac-simile of 
 
 THE LAST LETTER EVER WRITTEN • 
 by the President to his Mother, which now has a peculiar and histori- 
 cal interest, as showing the vearnings of his heart, and although he 
 had risen to be the ruler of OVER FIFTY MILLIONS OF PEOPLE, 
 did not forget to show the love and respect due eveiy parent from a 
 child. , , ., 
 
 This letter alone is worth ten times the value of the engraving, an* 
 it should be in every home, and bv every fire.side. 
 
 The picture is worth rWE DOLLARS, hat we place the price so 
 that the poorest family in the land m:iy have a copy. Ora- price for the 
 engraving, sent by mail, post-paid, securely and safely packed in onr 
 patent roUers, is only 25 cents! We want an agent in every town, vil- 
 bge, and school district in the whole land to sell it. School girls and 
 boys can mate $5 to $50 a week, because we offer unheard-of in- 
 ducements. Send us 25 cents for a sample copy, and if you desire to 
 act as agent, plea.e request us to send you our confidential circular to 
 agents, as we do not send it only to those who contemplate selling tba 
 engraving. Address all orders and applications for agency to 
 
 a: JSS. 0<3-IIj'\7"H: *Ss Go., Publishers, 
 P. O. Box 1W67. 23 Ruee Street, New York. 
 
THE PEOPLE'S LIBRARY: 
 
 ThaP following list of complete Stories bv popular and well-known American ar/d English authors are offerod with the as-/ 
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 Amono- American authors we can announce several stories by Mrs. May Agnes Flowing, whose writings have been received wi'' 
 univei^al favor The People's Library is for sale bv all newsdealers and bookse.^ers in the United States. If you canuot 
 it from your bookseUer, any number will be sent by mail on receipt of 12 cen^ts for a 10-cent number, 18 cents for a If,;. I 
 number "and 25 cents for a 2b-cent number. The foUowujg is the bat now ready. :A new story is issued every day. 
 
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