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 SUGGESTIONS 
 
 ON THE IMPOEIANCB 07 129 
 
 Ciiliiktion 0! Cntinn iit Africa, 
 
 Cr BDFEREKCS TO tHH 
 
 ABOLITION OF SLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES, 
 
 TniH A TEW 
 
 OBSERVATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE FRIENDS OE EiriGRATION AMONG THE COLORED 
 POPULATION OE THE NORTHERN STATES. 
 
 BY A COLONIZATIONIST. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 
 PRINTED AT THE EVENING REGISTER JOB OFFICE. 
 1854. 
 

 ^^ G:'t 
 
 

 PREFACE. 
 
 The "Suggestions on the Cultivation of Cotton in Africa," in 
 reference to the " Abohtion of Slavery in America," were written 
 for " Friends' Review," as aflfording to conscientious opponents of 
 Slavery one mode of action, that promises to be very effective, with- 
 out interfering with other measures tending to the same result. 
 To the intelligent and energetic among the free colored popula- 
 tion of the United States, who desire an opportunity of acting ef- 
 ficiently on behalf of their enslaved brethren in the Southern 
 States, this plan ofiers a field of labor in which their exertions 
 may be eminently useful; and while immediately placmg them- 
 selves in a position of entire independence, and on a perfect equal- 
 ity with every race and nation, they will enjoy the gratification of 
 knowing that they are, at the same time, accomplishing the glori- 
 ous work of regenerating an entire Continent, and of elevating an 
 oppressed and degraded people to the enjoyment of the blessings 
 of Christianity and a high civiHzation for ages to come. ^ 
 
 If the conviction of such great results attending their labors, 
 shall fail to arouse them to a sense of duty, it is difficult to con- 
 ceive nobler views or higher motives that can call forth their ex- 
 ertions. 
 
 Behoving that this is a subject appealing directly to the sym- 
 pathies, and the best interests of the whole colored population of 
 the United States,— although but few of them may be wilhug at 
 present to undertake the work in the manner contemplated, — a 
 few friends, who have read the "Suggestions" in the "Eeview," 
 have requested the writer to have them reprinted in pamphlet 
 form, for the benefit of those who are likely to be interested in the 
 subject. In now presenting it to them, it is without assuming to 
 dictate to any portion of people what their individual duty or in- 
 terest may require. Yet, the great fact stands unquestioned, that 
 here is an important work to be performed, in the Civilization andi 
 
€hristianization of Africa, in the abolition of Slavery throughout 
 the world, and in the education and elevation of the African race, 
 wherever scattered. And who are so well qualified for this as the 
 intelligent and educated colored people of the United States ? 
 While it is undoubtedly the duty of all christian men, irrespective 
 of country or race, to aid the oppressed, and recognize a brother 
 in distress as appealing to the heart and conscience of every one 
 in whatever situation he may be placed : yet, who will deny that 
 the great wants of Africa appeal for aid directly and forcibly to 
 her educated and civilized children, now in the United States? 
 Some will find the path of duty and the opportunity of usefulness 
 by remaining in the American States — in the endeavors to elevate 
 their brethren here, while resisting, as far as they may be able, 
 the mountain of prejudice that crushes them. And every effort 
 of this kind should receive not only the best wishes, but encour- 
 agement and aid from all true Christians. 
 
 It is far from the design of the writer to discourage, in any. 
 W'dy, such praiseworthy efforts ; but should the most sanguine 
 hopes of such be reahzed in a reasonably short space of time — 
 should Frederick Douglass be elected to the Congress of the United 
 States, and admitted to take his seat as one of the law-makers of 
 the Country, a position his talents well qualify him for — and 
 should entire political equality be accorded to every colored man 
 in all the Free States, which is their undoubted right : still it is 
 to be feared that it will be long, very long, before they can place 
 themselves upon a perfect social equality with the white race — 
 without which their political right will be of little benefit. "What 
 ^rapid advance must true Christianity make in these United States, 
 hefore the American people can be brought to acknowledge the 
 common brotherhood of man ? And is every descendant of Africa 
 willing to remain and suffer from the great, all-pervading preju- 
 dice against his race until this millennium arrives, merely because 
 he was born here, because this is his "native land" from which he 
 will not be "expatriated?" No, they are not. A feeling in favor of 
 emigration is now spreading among many intelligent colored men; 
 but still it is no less strange than true, that the leading and influ- 
 ential men among them have their attention turned to Canada, 
 the Vfest Indies, Mexico, Central America, and even South 
 America, in preference to Africa, where the great mass of thir race 
 reside, and where civilized and christian States are already form- 
 ed, and are carrying commerce and civilization into the very centre 
 pf that long neglected but productive country. Strong as the pre- 
 
judice against the American Colonization Society is known to be 
 among all classes of the colored population of the United States, 
 is it not passing strange that such men as Dr. Martin K. Delany, 
 of Pittsburgh; Mr. J. M Whitfield, of Buffalo; Mr J. Theodore 
 IloUev, of Detroit ; with m.any other inteiligent and educated 
 colored men, should issue a cail for an emigrati(jn convention, in 
 which all discussion, not only in regard to the colonization move- 
 ment, but the merits and advantages of Liberia, or Sierra Leone, or 
 any part of Africa, is to be entirely forbidden in the remarks of 
 their speakers ! They will have free discussion, provided no one 
 mentions Africa I Believing that much good will arise from this 
 plan of bringing together the most intelligent men from the differ- 
 ent sections of the tlnion to interchangje their viiiws on all sub- 
 jects pertainincT to their a.dvancement in this Country, or the 
 advantages offered enterprising emigrants to other lan^s — 
 and believing also that Messrs Delanj', Y/hitfiejd, Holly, and others 
 who intend soon to hold a Convention at Cleavland, do not mean 
 to be so proscriptive as their call would lead many to suppose, 
 the w^riter makes this address particularly to them, known as 
 he is to them as a " Colonizatoinist," as well as a thorough op- 
 ponent of slavery and all its concomitants, fugitive slave laws, &c. 
 in the hopes that on reflection they will so modify their rules as 
 to allow a discussion on the advantages offered by every country 
 in the known world, that the black man may be just as free as 
 the white man to seek such a home as will most advance his 
 interest. 
 
 It cannot be that any number of intelligent black men can be 
 found who will shut out the claims of Africa to their S3'mpathies; 
 but with increased knowledge of the capabilities of tiie African 
 continent, the great advantages it presents in many respects to 
 enterprisino; colored emio;rants from the United States, who can 
 take with them the means for developing the resources of the 
 country, and thus introduce in every successive year an im- 
 proved civilization, must the interest in Africa increase. 
 
 The writer presents these remarks solely on his own responsi- 
 bility ; feeling a strong interest in the civilization and christian- 
 ization of Africa, as well as in the welfare of the whole African race 
 in the United States, and having devoted much of his time to the 
 cause of African Colonization, he will with pleasure give any 
 information on the subject that he may possess to those who 
 maj" desire it. 
 
Cfliinn Citltitotinit m %im. 
 
 From Friend's Eeview. 
 
 ■" We present to our readers this week, the first portion of a com- 
 munication from a correspondent, who has long taken a deep 
 interest in the improvement of the condition of the African race. 
 The fact that the slavery which has blackened our prosperous 
 country, and exposed our profession of freedom and liberality to 
 the censure and ridicule of people less free and enlightened than 
 we suppose ourselves to be, owes its support and continuance to 
 the market for its productions, is too obvious to require illustra- 
 tion or argument ; and of the products of slave labor in the United 
 States, it is well known that Cotton constitutes an important part ; 
 so important, indeed, that we may fairly question whether the 
 system could be much longer sustained without it. Well may we 
 regret that an article so valuable in itself, and so conducive to 
 domestic convenience and comfort, should be made the basis, either 
 wholly or in part, of an institution so oppressive and degrading 
 as American slavery. There is certainly no reason why this por- 
 tion of the means which a bountiful Providence has furnished for 
 our use and convenience, may not be cultivated, as well as any 
 thing else, by the hands of freemen. 
 
 Ihe soil and climate of Africa are shown to be remarkably suit- 
 ed to the production of cotton; and some of our English philan- 
 thropists have recently turned their attention to that Continent, 
 as a source from which they hope to procure a supply for their 
 factories, and thus obviate the necessity of resorting to the slave- 
 fed markets of the United States, It may be hoped that the time 
 will come, and at no distant day, when the native African will 
 no longer be carried across the Atlantic, and subjected to all the 
 horrors of a middle passage, to perform these labors in the west- 
 ern world, which he can perform with greater advantage, under 
 the stimulus of hope, in his native land. Let free labor in Africa 
 be brought, under proper regulations, into com]:etition with the 
 slave labor of the United States, and the fetters of slavery will not 
 long hold together. Enlightened self-interest will dissolve them. 
 
CULTIVATION OF COTTON IN AFRICA. 
 
 Afeiv suggestions on the imporiance of the Caldcaiioi of ColUni in 
 Africa^ in reference to the ahoUtion of Slavery in America. 
 
 By the true philanthropist of the present day, whose sympa- 
 thies are enlisted for the oppressed of all countries, and of every 
 race, any suggestion that may lead to even a partial improvement 
 of condition will be received with favor. And on the people of 
 the United States chiefly rests the responsibility of discovering 
 the best mo^e of emancipating three and a half millions of bond- 
 men in their • midst ;-»attil of providing for their future welfare, 
 when emancipated. This has been deemed so difficult a subject 
 — so complex in its political, social, and economical bearings, that 
 many v/ell-disposed persons have been willing to pass it by, as a 
 question to be solved by time, or by the superior wisdom of a fu- 
 ture age; although aware that every successive year increases 
 and strengthens the evil. 
 
 But there are some who believe that the present is the proper 
 time for action, and that they have a duty to perform in this great 
 work, that should not be neglected. To such it is desired to make 
 a few suggestions, under a belief that, with proper effort, much 
 may be done novf to effect the desired result, and that measures 
 may be commenced immediately, which will eventuate, at no dis- 
 tant period, in a general emancipation, without violence of any 
 kind, and without any collision with the laws of the land. 
 
 As slavery originated in the spirit of gain, by which alone it is 
 still sustained, it is proposed to make use of the same agency to 
 accomplish its overthrow. It is generally conceded that the 
 profit derived from the culture of Cotton is the chief suj)port of 
 slavery in America, and this being the most vulnerable point, is 
 that towards which the attack on the institution should be direct- 
 ed ; for whatever shall prove available in making slave labor 
 unprofitable, must of course cause the demand for that labor to 
 cease. It is projDOsed to accomplish this result by means of the 
 cultivation of cotton in Africa, with the use of free labor. As 
 the soil of Africa is much more fertile than that of the United 
 fc^tates, and is particularly adapted to the growth of Cotton, the 
 advantages in its favor must be apparent to the most superfi- 
 cial observer; for not only can all the best varieties at present 
 cultivated in the United States, be more cheaply raised in West 
 em or Central Africa, but there are several kinds indigenous to 
 
8 
 
 that continent, of superior quality, that have been highly ap- 
 proved in the English market. When it is remembered that 
 this plant is perennial in Africa, and produces very much 
 more than it does in America, where it must be planted annual- 
 ly, the superiority of tfie former over the latter vAil be very ob- 
 vious ; but in comparing the cost of labor in the two countries, 
 the difference is still greater in faver of the free labor of Africa, 
 over the slave labor of America,. 
 
 To make this apparent to the most skeptical, it is only neces- 
 sary to compare the value of slaves in Africa, with the market 
 price of the same class of laborers in the United States. The 
 foreign slave traders usually pay from^s^i^@=£&g?1i^ dollars for 
 each slave, in trade-goods at an enormous profit ; so that the cash 
 value of a good field-hand may bes safely estimated at from five 
 to ten dollars ; v/hile the same laborer in America would cost irom 
 five hundred to one thousand dollars. This comparison shows 
 the real difference in the value of labor to be estimated in calcu- 
 lating the relative cost of the production of this important staple, 
 the variation in the price of wdiich so seriousl}'- efiects our com- 
 mercial prosperity as to make the information respecting it of 
 the first importance on every arrival from Europe. As this com- 
 parison, however, is only between slave labor in the two coun- 
 tries, and as the object of encouraging the increased production 
 of cotton in Afiica, is to liberate the bondman there as well as 
 here, some may be inclined to doubt whether the native African, 
 in a state of freedom, can be so stimulated by the love of gain and 
 the hope of improving his condition, as to compete successfully 
 with the compulsory labor used here. But it must be remem- 
 bered how vast is the population of Africa, and that the employ- 
 ment of even a very small part of it, for a few hours each day, 
 would give a greater amount of labor than that obtained by com- 
 pulsion from the smaller number in the-United States. And 
 when we take into view the dijQference in the cost of living, the 
 exceeding productiveness of the soil, and that much less clothing 
 is required in that tropical climate than with us, may we not 
 reasonably calculate from these facts, that Cotton, more than equal 
 to the whole product of the United States, can be obtained from 
 the free sons of Africa in their native land, at less than one-half 
 of its present cost, while amply compensating the laborer and, at 
 the same time, greatly improving his condition in other respects ? 
 This plan is, then, simply to make the immense profits at present 
 derived by the slave-trader from his iniquitous business, togeth- 
 
er with the great emolument accruing to the planter in the Uni- 
 ted States from the unrequited labor of his slaves, both available 
 to the African himself. And the same process that thus benefits 
 the free laborer, as a necessary consequence liberates the bondm;in 
 in America, and emancipates the uncounted millions of slaves 
 in Africa; for it is not to be supposed that slavery w^ill continue 
 long anywhere when it is found to be unprofitable. 
 
 All the Bible arguments of Southern theologians, or the patriotic 
 appeals of pro-slavery^ politicians, will not avail to sustain an ins- 
 titution that occasions a clear loss to every individual connected 
 with it. Both slavery itself and its adjunct, the fugitive slave law, 
 will then be numbered with the things that were ; instead of laws 
 for the protection of this species of property, we shall see, as John 
 Randolph predicted, the master running away from the slave. 
 ^Succeeding generations will read the history of the present time 
 in constant wonder that such an institution as human slaver}^ 
 could have existed so long among a professedly Christian and en- 
 lightened people, glorying in an eminent degree in the Republican 
 principles of their government. 
 
 Assuming, then, that the free labor of Africa may be made 
 available, if properly applied, to the abolition of slavery in both 
 countries, the question will naturally arise, as to the best mode 
 of accomplishing so desirable an object in the shortest time pos- 
 sible ; and also that the greatest amount of good, as well as the 
 chief profit, shall result to the advantage of the entire African 
 race. 
 
 To this end, care should be taken that the business of collect- 
 ing, cleaning, pressing, and exporting the Cotton, should not be 
 monopolized either b}^ English or American capitalists, nor by 
 any associations of white men, with even very philanthropic 
 views in regard to the abolition of slavery. The most suitable 
 agents to promote the success of the measure, whose exertions 
 could be made to advance their own interest and that of their 
 posterity, while they were using the most effective measures for 
 eradicating one of the greatest evils of the present age, are enter- 
 prising colored men from the United States, properly educated, so 
 as to be qualified for the work, and v/ho are capable of appreci- 
 ating the immence benefits to the world that must result from 
 their labors. These men could form settlements on the whole 
 Western coast of Africa, between the parallels of 20 deg. North 
 and 20 deg. South latitude, which would include Upper and Lower 
 Guinea and Gambia — selecting, of course, the most eligible points 
 
 _2_ 
 
10 
 
 on tlie coast not already possessed by other powers, from whence 
 they could gradually extend themselves into the interior. They 
 Avouid thus be enabled to control the vast and continually increas- 
 ing commerce of a hitherto unexplored region, comprising the 
 larger and better portion of Central Africa — sufficient of itself, 
 with the improvements in cultivation naturally introduced by 
 civilization, to form a large and very lucrative portion of the com- 
 merce of the world. 
 
 The important results that must follow from the success of this 
 scheme, cannot fail to strike every one who will give it attention. 
 The downfall of American slavery is inevitable, and with it the 
 whole system of servitude throughout the world ; for, with the 
 great advantages thus shown that Africa possesses for the culti- 
 vation of Cotton over the more expensive lands and labor in 
 America, is it to be doubted for a moment that it can be profitably 
 raised at mucfi less than one half of the price it has commanded in 
 the United States for many years past ? 
 
 Cotton, however, is not the only article of general consumption 
 produced by slave labor, that can be more cheaply cultivated in 
 Africa by freemen. Coffee and Rice grow there luxuriently, and 
 have already been raised to a considerable extent and with com- 
 paratively little labor; both being indigenious to that Continent, 
 and the Liberia Coffee is considered one of the best varieties in 
 the English market, where it commands a high price, and for that 
 reason but little is imported into the United States, 
 
 This plan for eradicating one of the greatest evils that afflicts 
 so large a portion of the human race, and our own country in par- 
 ticular, may seem so plain, when viewed in the light of its com- 
 mercial importance alone, and yet so simple in the means pro- 
 posed for carrying it into effect, that many will be inclined to ask 
 wh}^ it has not been tried before, if so efficatious as here represent- 
 ed for the accomplishment of its object ? This would be a natural 
 question, and the answer is this: The agents who would be best 
 adapted to the work in most respects, have not been properly ed- 
 ucated for it ; the influences surrounding them in this country have 
 all been of a depressing nature, calculated to discourage any noble 
 aspirations that would lead them to promote the welfare of their 
 race, and to achieve for it a higher position in the estimation of 
 the world than it has yet attained ; and from this want of a knowl- 
 edge of their own capabilities, they have been too long contented 
 with the most servile occupations. In addition, however, to the 
 want of information among the mass of our colored population, in 
 
11 
 
 regard to the measures best calculated to advance tlieir welfare, and 
 to which must be attributed much of the lack of energy and enter- 
 prise among them, a large majority, including some of the most 
 intelligent and best educated portion, have imbibed very strong 
 prejudices against the scheme of African Colonization, as conduct- 
 ed by the American Colonization Society, from the fact that many 
 slaveholders, as well as non-slaveholders, are interested in, and 
 patronize the enterprise. The great mortality that occurred in 
 some of the earlier expeditions that formed the settlement of the 
 present Republic of Liberia, has given rise to very incorrect views 
 as to the saluJi^^itJ^ of the climate, and has led the colored man 
 to overlook theigreat advantages that must result to himself, to 
 his posterity, and to the entire race, from a vigorous and judicious 
 prosecution of the scheme in the manner here indicated. It is, 
 however, not desirable that a very large proportion of our colored 
 population should at once emigrate to Africa, much less a general 
 exodus ; but if only fifty thousand of the intelligent and educated 
 should be induced to settle there within the next ten years, what 
 might they not accomplish ? This would be but one-tenth of the 
 free colored population of the United States, and only equal to 
 about one per cent, per annum. Yet this number, distributed in 
 some eight or ten different settlements along the coast, would form 
 the nucleus of probably as many independent States, hereafter to 
 form a confederacy similar to our own ; and, as they would natu- 
 rally adopt Republican principles, might in less than half a century 
 show a more important destiny for this race, in the civilization 
 and christianization of Africa, and perform a more important part 
 in the great M'ork of the world's redemption, than many of their 
 best friends have ever anticipated. If it should be objected that 
 this calculation is not entirely within the hounds of moderation, that 
 the effects hoped for are too great for the means emjoloyed, we 
 have only to look at our own country to see the vast results of 
 colonization from small beginnings ; or to realize what has been 
 accomplished within the last few years in California and Australia, 
 and then ask ourselves if the colored man has not greater induce- 
 ments, at this time, to emigrate to Africa, than our forefathers 
 had, in their day, to emigrate to America ? And is the prospect 
 of gain that yearly takes so many thousands to the gold fields of 
 California or Australia, to be compared with the great advantages 
 accruing to the enterprising emigrant to Western Africa ? 
 
 If any one doubts the capability of colored men to overcome 
 difiiculties in establishing for themselves an independent govern- 
 
12 
 
 ment, and in spreading the Hessings of civilization and Christian- 
 ity among the savage people, he has only to cast his eyes on 
 Liberia to see what has already been achieved by a few thousand 
 of the same class, a large majority of whom were emancipated 
 slaves, without any previous education or the least experience in 
 the great work they have so successfully accumpJished. Liberia 
 has fully estabhshed the capacity of the African race for self-gov- 
 ernment and the highest degree of civilization, and she stands at 
 this moment as the most successful example of colonization to be 
 found in the annals of history. 
 
 There we see an independent government, formed on strictly 
 Eepublican principles, modelled after our ownj^^pects, slavery 
 excepted, estabhshed and creditably conducted by less than ten 
 thousand of the African race, most of them from a state of bond- 
 age in America, and of whom not one hundred ever had an edu- 
 cation in this country such as is to be obtained in our best schools. 
 They were aided, indeed, in the first instance by the labors of a 
 few of the self-denying and devoted friends of this oppressed peo- 
 ple, among whom the names of Ashmun and Buchanan should 
 be held in grateful remembrance by every true hearted black man 
 in Africa or America. 
 
 Liberia is now enjoying a high degree of prosperity, and occu- 
 pies an honored and most respectable position among ihe civilized 
 governments of the world, her sovereignty and independence 
 having been acknowledged by Great Britain, France, Prussia, 
 Belgium and Brazil, with all of whom she interchanges national 
 civilities, and a mutually lucrative trade ; her flag and her rev- 
 enue laws -are respected by the vessels of all nations, and her 
 citizens meet on equal terms those from Europe or America who 
 visit her port« in the pursuit of commerce, or in the employment 
 of their respective countries. On the two occasions when her 
 chief magistrate visited Europe, he was received with distinguish- 
 ed consideration by the nobility and crowned heads, and by the 
 virtuous of other classes of the most powerful and most refined 
 nations of the Eastern continent. Liberia, however, still needs 
 the sympathy and aid of her friends in extending the benefits 
 of education among her growing population, as both the govern- 
 ment and people are far from a state of affluence. Yet they 
 have overcome most of the difficulties incident to the settle- 
 ment of a new country, especially that great obstacle, the slave 
 trade, with which they had to contend for many years, and 
 which resisted them with all its power, constantly inciting the 
 
13 
 
 plave trade is now entirely destroyed, not only within their own 
 b rders, but it is prohibited in all their treaties with the native 
 kii^gs who have sought their friendship. The J.iberians have 
 otherwise exerted ;i healthful influence in the suppression ot wars 
 between the different tribrs with whom tijey have had intercourse. 
 The cultivation of Coffee has been prosecuted to a considerable 
 extent in I.iberia, and within the latt year or two some attention 
 has been given to the culture of Cotton. 
 
 With these facts before us, showing what has already been 
 accomplished by a handful of comparatively uneducated p^^ople, 
 what may we not expect from a much greater number, properly 
 educated for the work? Aiay we not safely calculate on 
 benefits as important to the wcrld from the colonization of Africa 
 by intelligent and well educated black men, as have been achiev- 
 ed by our own race in the colonization of America ? And if so, 
 should not all the opponents of slavery, and all the sincere friends 
 of the colored race, unite their efforts to promote so important an 
 enterprise ? In urging, however, the great value of this depart- 
 ment of anti-slavery labor, it is by no means our intention to 
 undervalue other efforts in the same cause, especially the moral 
 influence that may be brought to bear upon the great system of 
 oppression and wrong by the judicious and well directed efforts of 
 able writers, who forget not the law of love and Christian obliga- 
 tion while exposing enormities to which the system of slavery 
 is liable. The works of John G. Whittier, Harriet Beecher fetowe, 
 and others of the same class, will be fully appreciated by those 
 who desire some practicable plan in which all may labor who 
 desire to accomplish, at the earliest period possible, the abolition of 
 so deep-rooted and wide spread an evil. iN'either will the friends 
 of free labor deem it necessary to confine their efforts to any one 
 point, however important that may be shown to be. 
 
 It is also to be hoped that the idea of extending the culture of 
 flax in our Northern and Western States, may be realized by those 
 who desire thereby to make it a substitute fur Cotton in the man- 
 ufacture of many articles for the home market. It is therefore de- 
 sirable that the very able and interesting essays on this subject, 
 that have appeared in the "Review," may be extensively read by 
 those who are interested in this question. When it is remem- 
 bered that the entire yearly consumption of Cotton in England 
 alone is upwards of 800,000,000 of lbs., and of this 79 per cent., or 
 more than three-fourths, is raised in the United States, it will be 
 readily perceived how indispensable it is that we should under- 
 
14 
 
 mine this powerful support of slavery, in our plans for the over* 
 throw of the institution. This done, we may safely leave the repeal 
 of all fugitive slave laws, and the answer to all pro-slaver}^ argu- 
 ments, to the slaveholders themselves. Make slavery obviously 
 unprofitable, and the work is done. 
 
 In this view of the case, our first and great duty would seem 
 to be, to raise the colored man from his present state, infuse into 
 him a noble ambition to occupy a more elevated position in the 
 world, and to qualify him to act the part which appears to be so 
 clearly marked out for him in this age of progress. 
 
 With a liberal education, it is not to be supposed that he will 
 fail to recognize the responsibility resting on him, and learn to 
 know that it is on his own exertions he must mainly depend to 
 become a useful and respected member of society; he will then 
 see the importance of immediate action, to secure for himself and 
 his children some of the advantages that the Continent of Africa 
 offers to the enterprising emigrants who seek her shores ; and hav- 
 ing thus secured a home for themselves, and laid the foundation 
 of an extensive Christian empire, will soon be able to receive all 
 of their brethren whose interest or adventurous spirit may lead 
 them to seek a new abode from under the dominion of "the proud 
 and imperious Saxon," where their labor will be estimated at its 
 proper value. Our duty, however, will be but partially performed 
 to a long-neglected portion of our brethren, by freeing them from 
 actual bondage, without, at the same time, making provision for 
 their future welfare. We must bear in mind that the prejudice 
 arising from a long course of degradation will not soon be eradi- 
 cated after chattel slavery shall have ceased; that while we may 
 grant them entire equality under the law, in accordance with 
 ■ our republican creed, yet that social equality which cannot be 
 looked for until the feeling of brotherly love, engendered by a truer 
 spirit of Christianity, thaa at present prevails, shall have perva- 
 ded the mass of the community; and as this work will be a work 
 of years, many of the free spirits among our colored brethren 
 may not be willing to await this " good time coming;" and when 
 the certainty of a general emancipation is made manifest to our 
 Southern brethren, it is to be hoped that there will be shown a 
 liberal and Christian spirit toward their slaves, that will induce 
 them to allow such educational privileges as will prepare them to 
 become useful citizens, either in the land of their nativity or that 
 of their adoption. Many, no doubt, will still be employed as labor- 
 ers in the Southern States, where their services, to a certain ex- 
 
15 
 
 tent, will be indispensable, while others will seek new residences, 
 in which they can immediately become landed proprietors. To 
 provide for a large emigration of this nature, consequent upon 
 the success of the measures indicated for the overthrow of slavery, 
 a broad and sure foundation should be laid, upon which these 
 new African States will be erected. 
 
 In asking the attention of the friends of the African race to this 
 subject, it is respectfully suggested, that much may be done to- 
 wards the object at the present time, by extending the facilities 
 of education to the different towns and settlements in Liberia, in 
 establishing primary, high, and normal schools for both males and 
 females, and also by furnishing each settlement with the necessary 
 machine for cleaning and pressing Cotton. These must be ex- 
 tended as new settlements are formed, whether under the auspi- 
 ces of the American Colonization Society, or by individual enter- 
 prise; both of these measures were considered desirable by our 
 friends Eli and Sybil Jones, who visited Liberia a year or two 
 since, neither of the objects being within the province of the Col- 
 onization Society ; and as the emigrants are generally very poor, 
 they require all their means for the cultivation of their farms. 
 Capital is, therefore, much needed by them for such purposes. 
 To secure the accomplishment of this plan on a scale commensu- 
 rate with the important end to be attained, combined effort will 
 be necessary ; and as the measures proposed do not come within 
 - the prescribed duties of any exissting organization, the object will 
 probably be effected in the surest manner by a union of all the 
 Iriends of freedom in Am^erica, whose sympathy for the oppressed 
 is not limited by geographical boundaries or national sovereignty, 
 in an association with the philanthropists of Great Britain, (or in 
 such manner as shall receive their co-operation;) and as distin- 
 guishing t-he society, and explaining its object, it might be called 
 '' The African Civilization Society." It would occupy a different 
 field of labor from any other anti-slavery association, and thus be 
 free from the objection of many, Avhose exertions have been limi- 
 ted to mere partial measures. There are in our religious Society 
 many who deeply feel the wrongs of slavery, and who would glad- 
 ly avail themselves of an oppDrtuuity of more extended u^etul- 
 ne.^s, but who have not deemed it their duty to take an active 
 part in the political conflict that the slavery question lias engen- 
 dered. Such will probably see in this quiet and peaceful, yet most 
 effective mode of overcoming the principal obstacle to our national 
 prosperity, the way made clear for extending more enlightened 
 
16 
 
 views of governmental policy to the nations of tlie world, some of 
 whom may have been deterred from a(3opting our professed prin- 
 ciples from the inconsistency of our practice, in continuing an- 
 institution at variance with both the obvious precepts of Chris- 
 tianity and our boasted republicanism. 
 
 The Editor of the " New York Colonization Journal," in cop}^- 
 ing into that paper the suggestions on Cotton Cultivation in Africa, 
 copies also the following remarks of the Editor of the " Review," 
 with his corrections, showing that " Colonizationists" do not 
 hold the views^ that many have imputed to them. , .il •', ■ ,..- 
 
 COFFEE AND COTTON CULTIVATION IN LIBERIA. 
 
 We cheerfully transfer from the Friends Review two numbers 
 of a communication from a correspondent, C, on the cultivation 
 of Cotton, Sugar, and Coffee in Africa, as throwing light upon the 
 path of duty and expediency for our intelligent colored population. 
 
 In introducing the second number of the series, the Editor of 
 the Friendh- Review makes the following remarks : 
 
 '" In continuing the suggestions of our correspondent, relative 
 to the cultivation in Africa of those productions which are usually 
 brought into the market through the instrumentality of servile 
 labor, it may be proper to remark that neither the writer of the 
 ^ suggestions' nor the Editor of the Review designs to give any 
 countenance to the scheme of compulsory emigration, or to the 
 wild and visionary project of transporting the whole colored race, 
 now in the United States, to what is sometimes termed their fa- 
 itherland. The right of the colored man to remain, as long as in- 
 terest or inclination dictates, in the land which gave him birth, 
 is no more liable to question or doubt than that of any other class 
 .of our diversified pnpulation. Though the colored race in the 
 United States are in actual possession of much less than their 
 relative portion of the vv^ealth of the countrj?^, there can be no ra- 
 tional doubt of their having performed their full share of the 
 labor, though probably not of the skill, which has brought it into 
 existence. 
 
 " The establishment, however, of colonies on the African coast, 
 constituted of persons fitted by nature to flouriKh in a tropical cli- 
 mate, and prepared by education to carry the blessings of civiliza- 
 tion and Christianity to that benighted continent, is a very 
 different affair from the project which the declarations of many 
 ^n roiTi i n e n t ad YQcn.f ps of pjy\r\r\}7.^y\or*. ~ h • 
 
 \ o Tr/-\ 
 
 J.„ „Xi.,.- 
 
17 
 
 bute to them : that of clearing off the free colored race, in order 
 to render the possession of their slaves more secure. Such emi- 
 grants as some of those mentioned in tliis week's paper, may 
 reasonably be expected to exercise a salutary influence, wherever 
 they may be located on the African shore. If the emigrants 
 could contain a good sprinkling of such characters, we might 
 confidently hope to see, in a few years, well-constituted Repub- 
 lics spreading along the coast, stretching into the interior, and 
 proving, by ocular demonstration, the capacity of the negro race 
 to establish and support free governments. When William Penn 
 was about locating on the banks of the Delaware a colony with 
 a government which he intended as a model for ages to come, he 
 remarked in a letter to one of his friends, while still in Europe, 
 * There may be room there, though not here, for such an holy 
 experiment ;' and it may be said that there is room in Africa, 
 though not in the United States, to try the experiment of en- 
 trusting the colored race with the government of themselves. 
 The experiment has indtcd been tried there and has succeeded. 
 A few more, if equally successful, might perhaps lead some to 
 imagine that their admission here to a share in the enactment 
 and administration of the laws to w^hich they are expected to yield 
 obedience, would not be such an absurdity as it has been supposed." 
 
 While agreeing in the main with the above, we demur on two 
 or three points to the implication conveyed as to the sentiments 
 of Colonizationists. 
 
 The Editor, in seeming deprecation of censure for having in- 
 serted the communication of C, remarks, that " neither the cor- 
 respondent nor the Editor designs to give any countenance to the 
 sclieme of comjyidsory emigration, or to the wild and visionarij pro- 
 ject of transporting the whole colored race, now in the United 
 States, to what is sometimes termed their fatherland." As to 
 compulsory emigration, the Colonization Society carefuUj', from 
 its origin, guarded itself on this point by a constitutional provision, 
 confining its operations " to promote and execute a plan for col- 
 onizing, with their own consent, the free people of color," and by 
 this very limitation denied beforehand the charge of proposing 
 " a scheme of compulsor?/ emigration" or " a wild and visionary 
 project of transporting the whole colored race." Let it be under- 
 stood, therefore, that' the Editor of the Review did not properly 
 refer to any thing chargeable to the Colonization Societj^, when he 
 made the remark just quoted, but to some supposed theory of State 
 
18 
 
 legislation, or individual argument or theory, as to what would 
 be practicable or desirable. 
 
 We quote again from the editorial as follows : " The right of 
 the colored man to remain as long as interest or inclination 
 dictate," &c., &c. The Colonization Society was not founded on 
 any theory which questioned or controverted the " right," but 
 upon the expediency and wisdom of his emigrating, and the be- 
 nevolence, in view of all the circumstances present and prospect- 
 ive of his condition, of promoting a plan for his voluntary emi- 
 gration. 
 
 To assert the right implies that it has been denied, and we wish 
 simply to defend the Colonization Society from the imputation of 
 such denial. The " right" being then admitted to remain or to 
 emigrate at their option, there remains simply this question be- 
 tween the promoters of the plan of Colonization and their opposers : 
 Which is acting most wisely, and with the greatest practical be- 
 nevolence — he who advocates and encourages voluntary emigra- 
 tion, or he who opposes and discourages ? Remarks upon the 
 " suggestions" of C. we reserve for another number. 
 
 The following articles will be found to confirm the statement 
 with regard^to the advantages of Africa, in both soil and climate, 
 for the production of cotton : 
 
 "From Friends' Review." 
 
 The brief notice which appears in one of our columns, respect- 
 ing the culture of cotton in Algeria, is a corroboration of some of 
 the remarks of our correspondent C, as given in preceding num- 
 bers. If the French can raise cotton in Algeria, where labor is 
 not so cheap as in many other parts of Africa, surely the Eng- 
 lish also may obtain it from parts of the same continent which 
 are accessible to them. 
 
 AFRICAN COTTON. 
 
 France is becoming every day more and more a cotton produc- 
 ing country. The very -full and explicit details given by our 
 Paris correspondent some weeks since, on the increased cultiva- 
 tion of cotton in Algeria, certainly denote that not without reason 
 does the French government believe that in a few years France 
 will grow, on its own soil. Cotton enough for its own manufactur- 
 ing wants. — Daili/ Register. 
 
19 
 
 AFRICAN COTTON. ' 
 
 Bi* Irving, a missionary to Africa, has written the annexed re- 
 marks. The letter is published in the proceedings of the Royal 
 Geographical Society : 
 
 " In December, 1853, 1 was ordered on service to Abbeokuta, 
 with Commander Foote, then senior officer. There I was much 
 struck with the superior appearance of the people and their great 
 capabilities, the productiveness of the soil, the variety of objects 
 which might lead to an extensive and lucrative commerce with 
 England, more especially that of cotton, which is indigenous, and 
 carefully cultivated by the Yarubas. These comprise a popula-- 
 tion of nearly three million souls, clothed entirely in cloths man- 
 ufactured by themselves. 
 
 On my return to England, I represented these things to the Church 
 Missionary Society, and many of the samples of African produc- 
 tions I brought home excited great attention among manufac 
 turers and others. The cotton proved to be of the very quality 
 required for the purpose of manufacture. Among them was also 
 an entirely new kind of silk, respecting which several eminent 
 merchants in London are very anxious for further information. 
 I volunteered to go out and examine the country between the 
 Niger, Bight of Benin, and Lander's route, between Badagry and 
 Boussa, a country, excepting at one or two points where our 
 missionaries had been the pioneers, never yet visited by white 
 men. My offer was accepted, and I started as agent for Yaruba, 
 with the sanction of Sir James Graham and Lord Clarendon. The 
 necessary instruments for making observations have been forward- 
 ed to me." — Colonization Herald. 
 
 COTTON FROM AFRICA, 
 
 On Saturday, advice was received in Manchester by Mr. Thomas 
 Clegg, cotton spinner, of the arrival of five more bales, weighing 
 in the aggregate rather more than 1000 lbs , of raw cotton from 
 the coast of Africa. This mattes Mr. Clegg's receipts (o amount 
 to about 12,000 lbs , as the result of the very important move- 
 ment which originated with him. Some three or four years ago, 
 learning that there was plenty of cotton growing wild near the 
 colony of Sierra Leone and the Church Missionary station, Abeo- 
 kuta, and that as it bloomed and ripened it dropped to the ground 
 and rotted, no one regarding it, he communicated with the officials 
 of the Church Missionary Society in London, and through them 
 
 A-ji 
 
20 
 
 gent £100 to the place named, with instructions that it was to be 
 expended by the missionaries in setting the natives to gather and 
 clean the indigenous produce, and to forward it as quickly as possi- 
 ble to England. 
 
 At the same time they were directed to lay before the chiefs 
 the advantageous opening which presented itself for the employ^ 
 ment of their people, and how much better it would be to do that 
 than to pursue their horrid traffic in human flesh. This was a 
 direct appeal to a leading trait in the character of the native chiefs 
 of that part of the continent, for by the universal testimony of i 
 those who know them best, they are admitted to possess a strong 
 liking for money, and to be as clever at barter as any Yankee ped- 
 lar ; for trafficking, indeed, they seem to have a natural gift, which 
 only requires to be turned from slaves to cotton to enable us to 
 dispense with our squadron on that coast. The inducements held 
 out proved sufficient to attract attention, and in the year before 
 last a few hundred pounds were collected. Since then Mr. Clegg 
 has received above 10,000, exclu^ve of that which he received 
 the advice of on Saturday, and altogether at present every thing 
 points to great results at no distant period. But the duty of at- 
 tending to the collection and forwarding of the cotton has become 
 too large for the missionaries to undertake, and therefore two 
 agents are about to be sent out especially to undertake it. The 
 great aim at present is to show the chiefs that there is a market 
 for whatever cotton their people can collect of that which grows 
 without the necessity for bestowing more labor upon it than what 
 is required to gather it from the pod ; that effected, they will then 
 be asked to encourage its growth by cultivation. Mr. Clegg has 
 spun a quantity of the cotton himself, and has given some to four 
 firms, with the request that they will experiment upon it, and 
 favor him with a report. 
 
 In staple it is equal to Egyptian or good Orleans, used in 
 spinning fine yarns for Nottingham and Leicester trade. The 
 price of cotton suited for such fine numbers has more than doub- 
 led within a comparatively brief period, and what w.ms selling 
 at 9ld. a pound, is now fetching 20d., and has been for some 
 time ; so that this supply will come in most seasonably to meet 
 the scarcity of suitable sorts which the price indicates. 
 
 It must not be supposed, however, that all that has been de- 
 scribed has been accomplished by Mr Clegg's £100; that gentle- 
 man unloosed his purse-string when he saw success " looming in 
 the future, " and he has been aided by other friends of the 
 .;»r 
 
21 
 
 African race, especially by Lady Buxton, who has contributed 
 £100^ towards the fund for carrying on operations. — JSorth 
 American. 
 
 COTTON CULTIVATION ON THE WESTERN COABT OF AFRICA. 
 
 The soil itself is admirably adapted to the fructification of the 
 plant, and this is proved by the numerous specimens which are 
 to be seen in almost every piece of ground, spont'uieously grow- 
 ing amongst the other shrubs and trees, and supplying large and 
 well filled pods of the soft downy substance. The rearing and cul- 
 tivation of the cotton plant would, in my opinion, be an accep- 
 table kind of employment to the African laborer : and, as the price 
 of wages is not high, and the time occupied in bringing it to per- 
 fection by no means slow, the return would plentifully reward 
 the planter as well as the purchaser. The quality of the article 
 produced from the cotton plant of Sierra Leone ha^ already been 
 pronounced to be very good, and capable of a durable and yet fine 
 texture. The extensive portions of land in the neighborhood of 
 Freetown, and indeed throughout the colony, which lie unculti- 
 vated, might be employed with advantage in the growth of this 
 article, for which they are in every respect fitted. The continent of 
 Africa, in fact, throughout, is, for the reasons already offered, 
 well suited to the cultivation of the cotton plant. Some years 
 ago considerable attention was paid to it, and the undertaking 
 promised every success. A large quantity of it was produced of 
 a superior quality, and the attempt only failed through want of 
 perseverance, good seed, and a thorough understanding of the 
 proper manner of conducting and carrying it out into practice. 
 The seed of the native was not supposed to be so good as that 
 which was imported, and for this reason the undertaking was 
 prematurely but foolishly relinqidshed. The natives themselves, 
 particularly as you advance more into the interior and up the 
 Gambia, grow a good deal of it, and make very capital cloths for 
 their own use from the material, which they work after their 
 own fashion. The opportunities afibrded for the cultivation of 
 cotton m the vast tracts of land bounding that river, and the readi- 
 ness, I imagine, with which it would be undertaken and carried 
 on by their possessors, if a feir inducement was held out to them, 
 ought not to be passed over by our manufacturers at the present 
 crisis. — Poole s &ierra Leone and the Gambia, 
 
i 
 
 LETTER FROM LIBERIA, 
 
 The writer of the "Suggestions on the Cultivation of Cotton in Africa/* has 
 announced himself as a Colonizationist," and is fully aware of the very strong 
 prejudice that is entertained in regard to that term, by the mass of the colored 
 population generally, as well as by many among their white friends, whose 
 opposition to the "American Colonization Society" he is convinced has arisen 
 from a misconception of its objects, and of the motives and aims of its founders, 
 many of whom gave their lives to the cause, thus testifying in the strongest 
 manner possible, their devotion to what they conceived a work of vast impor- 
 tance to Africa^ and exemplifying a labor of love to a depressed and scattered people. 
 
 Without, however, discussing the subject further at this time, his principal 
 object is to draw the attention of the enterprising portion of our colored popula- 
 tion who are not satisfied with their progress here, to the wide sphere of action that 
 has been opened to them on the Continent of Africa. For this purpose he in- 
 troduces the following appeal, addressed "to the free colored population of the 
 United States," by the Rev. John Day, a colored Missionary of the Baptist 
 Church, who has resided upwards of twenty years in Liberia, and has devoted 
 himself to the cause of the improvement of his people, and of enlightening and 
 Christianizing the heathen of Africa. He is therefore competent to speak of 
 his adopted Country, and is a man universally respected and beloved, wherever 
 known. 
 
 Philadelphia, August, 1854. 
 
 Bexley^ Liberia, August 2^ih, 1853. 
 
 Editor of CoLoNiZATioisr Herald : 
 
 Sir, — I liave long been an observer of movements in the United 
 States in reference to the free colored people, and have also notic- 
 ed with much interest the feelings and views of my colored breth- 
 ren in reference to colonization and to this Republic; and feel to 
 rejoice that the Repubhc is attracting more attention and consid- 
 eration among them ; and desire through your columns to address 
 a letter to them. 
 
 To tlie free people of color of the United States. 
 
 Dear Brethren, — Y/hen 1 have noticed the prohibitory and 
 oppressive laws enacted inmany of the >tatesin special reference 
 to you, I have wept and wondered vvheiher e\ ery manly aspira- 
 tion of soul had been crushed in the colored man, or does he pan- 
 der to the notion that he belongs to an inferior race, and that he 
 must hew wood, draw water, and crouch to every indignity, con- 
 tempt, and oppression which others may imj^ose on him. Or dues 
 he not believe that God has planted a raradise on the Western 
 Coast of Africa, where the soul of the colored man expands, and 
 imbibes all that is ennobling to human nature. Do they believe 
 that this country is congenial to them, its institations favorable 
 
23 
 
 to development and improvement ; that here the colored man 
 stands erect in all that dignifies man ; that he knows nor acknow- 
 ledges a superior ? Why then cling to a land which, whatever it 
 may be to others, to you is a land of oppression ? 
 
 1 have heard objections to emigrating to Liberia urged on the 
 ground of benevolence to the poor suffering slaves — of a tender- 
 ness towards them which forbids leaving them in chains. This is 
 an old doctrine preached more than twenty years ago, before I 
 left the United States. What good has your continuance there 
 done them? None ; nor ever wilh And besides, are not the poor 
 heathen of this country our brethren? And are they not in chains 
 more galling than those of American slavery? And cannot that 
 benevolence which binds you to the interest of enslaved breth- 
 ren in America, expand to a desire to unshackle the many thou- 
 sands to whom here you can have access ? Liberia presents a 
 larger field and surer prospects for the exercise of that noble 
 principle, which seeks the benefit of others. 
 
 But brethren, are you not mistaken in the object of your con- 
 tinuance in America? Is there not some incongruity in the exis- 
 tence of so noble a principle with a spirit so servile as to stoop 
 to the most menial and degrading service ? I hope I shall not 
 offend. 
 
 Some in the Northern States boast of all the privileges they de- 
 sire. And what are those privileges ? Just what Liberians disdain 
 to call by that name. Nothing will satisfy Liberians short of 
 equahty. Equal — politically, socially, and religiously with all 
 men. And will soon be mentally, morally, and in every other way, 
 equal to any people on earth. 
 
 Visit our legislative halls and hear discussions on principles of 
 political economy, diplomacy, laws, national and international, 
 and wonder where those men were raised. View the militia, and 
 witness the officer-like conduct of those in command, the regular 
 movements in every department, and say if you ever saw us 
 excelled. Go into the Courts of justice, and see the distribution 
 of justice as well administered as in America. Visit the Churches, 
 and hear the word of God expounded in its beauty and grandeur, 
 and you will be led to ask what raised this people to this height. 
 My dear brethren, you do not know what Liberians are, nor what 
 Liberia is. My brother in America has asked me, how it is that 
 colored men in America are so insignificant, and here are so great? 
 My brother and his dear children may read this letter if they 
 choose, and see. 
 
24 
 
 In America, we had nothing to incite us to proper application of 
 mind, nothing to aspire to. We read superficially, we knew super- 
 ficially many things known to our white neighbors. We knew the 
 passing occurrences of the day, &c., &c., but having no interest in 
 those things, that knowledge was lost on us. But in Liberia we 
 found ourselves an embryo nation, but incapable of filling many 
 of the various important stations requiring real knowledge. Su- 
 perficiality would not do. We applied ourselves to study closely 
 and intensely, and acquired, in many instances, profound knowl- 
 edge, that sort which gives power. Many who have thus made 
 themselves are superior men. 
 
 Point to one act of any of our officials, since this has been a 
 Republic, which would not do credit to any people. Now, if I un- 
 derstand the logic taught by these circumstances, it is, that col- 
 ored men who breathe a proper atmosphere, surrounded by proper 
 influences, incited by proper objects, will become as learned, as 
 noble, and as great every way, as any other men on earth, and 
 will stand on a level, and gain equal footing with any people. 
 The past history and present prospects of our people justify the 
 anticipation. Did not Africa once blaze in the light of civilization 
 and the arts ? In what state was Europe then ? As deeply sunk- 
 en in heathenism as Ethiopia is now. And since Africa gave letters 
 and Canaan gave religion to Europe, has no dark cloud over- 
 brooded it ! What did Eomanism do there ? Eomanism is not 
 dead. Is it not in America, on the wings of a friendly toleration, 
 receiving what it never gave, spreading its baneful influence over 
 that apparent garden of the Lord, waiting your exit to fill your 
 place with herds of poor, infatuated Romanists from Europe, fit 
 emissaries of distraction ? May not a reversion take place, and 
 Africa again be the garden of the earth ? How comfortable to re- 
 flect, that you have contributed, not to the downfall of any, but 
 to the building up of poor, long neglected, much injured Africa. 
 
 I have said you do not know Liberia. I have spoken of it as 
 Paradise. Of course, you will allow the use of that term in a 
 very qualified sense. It is, however. Paradise to me, compared 
 with any place where I am pointed out as of a distinct and inferior 
 class. Liberia is, however, a part of that land of which it is said, 
 in the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread. It, however, is a 
 fertile land, and abounds in abundant resources for the comfort 
 or even wealth of its inhabitants. It is a free and independent 
 Republic, and that is the zenith of national government. 
 Some have objected to coming to Liberia, on account of their 
 
25 
 
 dislike of the Colonization Society. I dislike as much as you, 
 unkind, and, in some instances, unjust remarks of many who 
 have written and spoken on the subject of colonization. The 
 Colonization Society is, however, one in which more elements 
 combine in working out a good, than any other I know on earth. 
 Because God is in it, and all things shall work together for our 
 good. Whether the kindest benevolence, or the most malignant 
 hate conspire in sending us here, here is the place which God 
 has blessed, and made the happy home of the colored race. Do, 
 my brethren, give up your prejudices against the Coloniza- 
 tion Society. The work and counsel of that Society are of God, 
 and you cannot overthrow it. But while the Providence and 
 designs of Heaven, in the achievement of that Society, are unfold- 
 ing, and while vast fields of usefulness are opening, come to the 
 help of the Lord. Come to the land of true liberty, where you 
 and your children may not only be happy yourselves, but where 
 you can assist in making Africa the praise of the whole earth. 
 I am your old ac(][uaintance and brother, 
 
 John Day. 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
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