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Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2010 with funding from 
 The Library of Congress 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/americasindustriOOpitt 
 
^ 
 
\ \ ' J 
 
 America's Industrial Centre. 
 
 T 
 
 pittsburgh's 
 Great Industries, 
 
 AND ITS 
 
 ENORMOUS DEVELOPMENT 
 
 IN THE 
 
 Leading Products of the World. 
 
 TWO THOUSAND I.OADiiD FREIGHT CARS ENTER AND ONE THOUSAND 
 DEPART DAILY FROM PITTSBURGH AND AIvI^EGHENY. 
 
 o;-' coa/- 
 
 PREPARED BY 
 
 '/ 
 J. NIORTON HA-lJ5^.r_ 
 
 C 
 
 FEB 29 1892 
 
 A 
 
 COPYRIGHTED BY 
 
 CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. 
 
 PITTSBURGH : 
 
 Printed by Wm. G. Johnston & Co. 
 
 1891. 
 

 PREFACE. 
 
 For historical events we are indebted to the " Cen- 
 tennial History of Allegheny County," and the works pub- 
 lished by Mr. Geo. H. Thurston; information from the 
 " Press," and the " Pittsburgh and Allegheny Review," has 
 been of value. As to figures, they have been secured from 
 sources altogether reliable, and are authentic. 
 
Chamber of Commerce of Pittsburgh. 
 
 Officers for 1890-91. 
 
 PRESIDENT, 
 
 George A. Kelly. 
 
 vice presidents, 
 Keuben Miller, George H. Anderson, 
 
 John H. Ricketson, Henry Holdship, 
 
 James B. Scott, John B. Jackson. 
 
 directors, 
 S. L. McHenry, James Allison, 
 
 Charles Meyran, Peter Dick, 
 
 H. Kirk Porter, John F. Dravo, 
 
 John Bindley, J. D. Bernd, 
 
 D. C, Herbst, E. T. Dravo, 
 
 S. P. Harbison, M. At wood, 
 
 R. MuNROE, J. Morton Hall, 
 
 Chas. W. Batchelor, A. B. Wigley, 
 
 B. L. Wood, Jr., James J. Donnell, 
 
 Wm. McClelland, Alex. Murdock, 
 
 Thos. p. Roberts, A. J. Logan, 
 
 Morrison Foster, Wm. McConway, 
 W. P. Herbert. 
 
 SECRETARY, 
 
 S. L. McHenry. 
 
 treasurer, 
 Charles Meyran. 
 
 superintendent, 
 g. follansbee. 
 
Standing Committees 1890-91 
 
 Chaeles Meyran, 
 
 EXECUTIVE. 
 John B. Jackson, 
 
 S. P. Harbison, Charles J. Clarke, 
 
 Thomas P. Roberts. 
 
 ARBITRATION. 
 
 John Bindley, 
 S. L. McHenry, S. S. Marvin, J. Klee, 
 
 D. R Speer, F. T. Lusk. 
 
 R. H, BoGGs, 
 
 MANUFACTURES. 
 
 John H. Ricketson, 
 
 C. L. Fitzhugh, Henry Phipps, Jr., Wm. McConway, 
 
 J. S. Slagle, E. T. Dravo, A. J. Logan. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION AND RAILROADS. 
 
 James B. Scott, 
 Henry Holdship, John B. Jackson, R. Munroe, 
 
 E. H. Myers, J. H. McKelvy, J. Morton Hall. 
 
 RIVERS AND HARBORS. 
 
 John F. Dravo, 
 
 Charles W. Batchelor, Thomas P. Roberts, B. L. Wood, Jr. , 
 
 Simpson Horner, John A. Wood, W. W. O'Neil. 
 
 FINANCE AND BANKING. 
 
 Reuben Milled, 
 
 George W. Dilworth, Wm. A. Robinson, J. S. Scully, 
 
 Thos. p. Day, George B. Hill, James J. Donnell. 
 
MINERAL PRODUCTS, 
 A. B. WiGLEY, 
 
 H. C. Fkick, S. M. Wickersham, Calvin Wells, 
 M. Oppbnheimer, a, F. Keating. 
 
 LEGISLATION. 
 George H. Anderson, 
 H. K. Porter. Wm. McClelland, D. C. Herbst, 
 
 Morrison Foster, J. F. Slagle, W. P. Herbert. 
 
 STATISTICS. 
 
 James Allison, 
 Peter Dick, M. Atwood, W. P. De Armitt, 
 
 J. D. Bernd, Alex. Murdock, A. P. Burchfield. 
 
 TRADE RELATIONS WITH SOUTH AMERICAN REPUBLICS 
 
 John F. Dravo, 
 H. K. Porter, John Bindley. 
 
 TTTTT 
 
LIST OF MEMBERS 
 
 Chamber of Commerce of Pittsburgh. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 Allison & Co., James, 
 Anderson & Co., George H., 
 Adams & Co., 
 Atterbury & Co., 
 Allemannia Fire Ins. Co., 
 AtAvood & McCaffrey, 
 Abel, Smith & Co., 
 Arbuckles & Co., 
 Armstrong & McKelvy, 
 Arbuthnot, Stephenson & Co., 
 Armor Lith. Co., Lim., 
 Allen, W. H., 
 Anderson, D. M., 
 Ayers, Henry C, Gen'l Agt., 
 Allegheny National Bank, 
 Anchor Bank, 
 Brown Sons, Wm. H., 
 Bradley, John, 
 Bigelow, E. M., 
 Boyts, John H., 
 Byers & Co., A. M., 
 Bindley Hardware Co., 
 Beymer-Bauman Lead Co., 
 Bernd & Co., J. D., 
 Bailey, Farrell & Co., 
 Bradley & Co., A., 
 Berry, Geo. A., 
 Bissell & Co., 
 Brown & Co., 
 Boatmans Insurance Co. , 
 Baer, C. C, ; 
 
 BUSINESS. 
 
 Presbyterian Banner. 
 
 Fire Brick Manufacturers. 
 
 Glass Manufacturers. 
 
 Glass Manufacturers. 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Brass Founders and Iron Pipe Fitters. 
 
 Window Glass Manufacturers. 
 
 Wholesale Grocers. 
 
 White Lead and Color Works. 
 
 Wholesale Dry Goods. 
 
 Lithographing. 
 
 Wall Paper. 
 
 Coal, Venetia, Pa. 
 
 N. W. Mutual Life Ins. Co. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Coal and Coke. 
 
 Merchant Tailor. 
 
 Chief of Public Works. 
 
 Coke. 
 
 Iron and Pipe Manufactui'ers. 
 
 Wholesale Hardware. 
 
 White Lead Manufacturers. 
 
 Wholesale Millinery, etc. 
 
 Manufacturers of Lead, Shot, etc. 
 
 Stove Manufacturers. 
 
 Bank President. 
 
 Stoves, Ranges, Mantels, etc. 
 
 Wayne Iron and Steel Works. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Dealer in Tobacco, Cigars, etc. 
 
NAMES. 
 
 Bovard, Rose & Co., 
 
 Batchelor, Chas. W. , 
 
 Buifum & Co., 
 
 Black & Co., Sam'l W., 
 
 Bailey, John D., 
 
 Boggs & Buhl, 
 
 Bank of Pittsburgh, 
 
 Browne, Geo. H., 
 
 Bidwell, D. W. C, 
 
 Braden, N. J., 
 
 Boyer, J. B., 
 
 Biggert, John D., 
 
 Black & Baird, 
 
 Biggert, James C, Gen'l Agt., 
 
 Crescent Steel Co., 
 
 Campbell & Dick, 
 
 Clark, Sou & Co., Wm., 
 
 Citizens National Bank, 
 
 Carpenter, C. A. , 
 
 Clarke, Chas. J., 
 
 Carnegie Bros. & Co., Lim., 
 
 Carnegie, Phipps & Co., Lim., 
 
 Chess, Cook & Co., 
 
 Clearfield Fire Brick Co., 
 
 Craig, Joseph W., 
 
 Cluley, John F., 
 
 Gallery & Co., James, 
 
 Central Bank, 
 
 Central Dist. Print. & Tel. Co.. 
 
 Collingwood & Son, Wm., 
 
 Cunningham, D. 0., 
 
 Cochrane, A. P., 
 
 Cain Brothers, 
 
 Dollar Savings Bank, 
 
 Diamond National Bank, 
 
 Duquesne National Bank, 
 
 Dil worth, Porter & Co., 
 
 Duff & Sons, P., 
 
 Dilworth Brothers, 
 
 Denniston, J. F., 
 
 BUSINESS. 
 
 Dealers in Carpets, Oil Cloths, etc. 
 
 Bank President. 
 
 Bottlers, Soda Water, Beer, etc. 
 
 Real Estate Agents. 
 
 Stock Bi'oker. 
 
 Dry Goods, Allegheny, Pa. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Gen'l Manager Philadelphia Co, 
 
 Gun Powder. 
 
 Commission Cheese and Butter. 
 
 Proprietor Hotel Boyer. 
 
 Fire and Life Insurance. 
 
 Real Estate Agents. 
 
 Penn Mutual Life Ins. Co. 
 
 Crescent Steel Works. 
 
 Dry Goods, etc. 
 
 Solar Iron and Steel Works. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Freight Agent, Pennsylvania R. R. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Manufacturers of Steel and Iron. 
 
 Manufacturers of Steel and Iron. 
 
 Mfrs. of Nails, Spikes and Tacks. 
 
 Fire Brick. 
 
 Oil Producer. 
 
 Painter and Glazier. 
 
 Tanners and Leather Dealers. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Fire and Steam Boiler Insurance. 
 
 Glass Manufacturer. 
 
 Manager Revere Rubber Co. 
 
 Boot and Shoe Dealers. 
 
 Pittsburgh . 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Manufacturers of Railroad Spikes. 
 
 Manufacturers' Agents. 
 
 Wholesale Grocers. 
 
 City Treasurer. 
 
NAMES. 
 
 Dalzell & Co., L. W., 
 Dispatch Publishing Co., 
 Dickey & Co., R., 
 Demmler Brothers, 
 Dunlap, John, 
 Dun & Co., R. G., 
 De Armitt, W. P., 
 Drake & Stratton, 
 Drape & Co., J. W., 
 Dravo, John F., 
 Darlington, H., 
 Duncan & Sons, George, 
 Dempster, Alex., 
 Douthett, A. T. , 
 Dermitt, E. H., 
 Dalzell, John, 
 
 Duquesne Print, & Pub . Co. 
 Exchange National Bank, 
 Ewart & Co., S., 
 
 BUSINESS. 
 
 Iron Commission. 
 
 Daily and Weekly Dispatch. 
 
 Commission Merchants. 
 
 House Furnishing Goods. 
 
 Tinners' Supplies. 
 
 Mercantile Agency. 
 
 Pres. N. Y. & C. Gas Coal Co. 
 
 Contractors. 
 
 Real Estate Agents and Stock Brokers. 
 
 Surveyor of Customs, U. S. 
 
 Elba Iron and Bolt Co. 
 
 Glass Manufacturers. 
 
 Pres. Pittsburgh Coal Co. 
 
 Sec'y of Porter & Douthett, Lini. 
 
 Mgr. N. England Mutual Life Ins. Co. 
 
 Member of Congress, 2 2d District. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Wholesale Grocers. 
 
 Printers, Stationers, etc. 
 
 Eichbaum & Co., Jos., 
 
 Eberhardt & Ober Brewing Co., Brewers and Bottlers. 
 
 Evans, Thomas, Glass Manufacturer. 
 
 English, H. D. W., Gen'l Agent Berkshire Life Ins. Co 
 
 First National Bank, Pittsburgh. 
 
 Fort Pitt National Bank, Pittsburgh. 
 
 Farmers Deposit National Bank, Pittsburgh. 
 
 Frick Coke Co., H. C, 
 Foster, Morrison, 
 Flaccus & Son, W., 
 Flaccus, C. L., 
 Fisher, Wm., 
 French, A., 
 Friday, Wm. J., 
 Floersheim, Henry, 
 Germania Savings Bank, 
 German National Bank, 
 Garrison Foundry Co., A., 
 Godfrey & Clark, 
 Guckenheimer & Bros., A. 
 Gusky, J. M., 
 
 Connellsville Coke. 
 
 Coal. 
 
 Tanners and Leather Dealers. 
 
 Mfr. of Flint Glass Bottles. 
 
 Engine Builder, Founder, etc. 
 
 A. French Spring Co. 
 
 Wholesale Liquors. 
 
 Coal, Finleyville, Pa. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Founders, Machinists, etc. 
 
 Paper and Paper Sack Manufacturers. 
 
 Distillers. 
 
 Clothier, Boots, Shoes, Hats, etc. 
 
NAMES. 
 
 Grafe, E. A, 
 
 Gillespie, W. K., 
 
 German Fire Insurance Co., 
 
 G winner, Fred., 
 
 Gibbs, W. M., 
 
 Granger, W. M., 
 
 Groetzinger & Sons, A., 
 
 GrafE & Co., 
 
 Hussey & Co., C. G., 
 
 Holmes & Sons, N., 
 
 Harbison & Walker, 
 
 Home & Co., Joseph, 
 
 Haslage & Son, Wra., 
 
 Holdship, Henry, 
 
 Hostetter Co., 
 
 Hamburger, P., 
 
 Hugus & Hacke, 
 
 Herron & Sons, Wm. A., 
 
 Horner & Roberts, 
 
 Haworth & Dewliurst, 
 
 Hill & Co., Geo. B., 
 
 Hackett, Thomas, 
 
 Home & Ward, 
 
 Howe, Brown & Co., 
 
 Hall, J. Morton, 
 Humbert, C. H., 
 Holland, W. J., 
 Hunt & Clapp, 
 Hammond, Wm. J., 
 Haines, John E. , 
 Henricks Music Co., 
 Heinz, H. J., 
 Hook, Charles, 
 Iron City National Bank, 
 Iron City Brewing Co. 
 Iron City Tool Works, 
 Jones & Laughlins, 
 Johnston & Co., Wm. G., 
 Jenkins, T. C, 
 Jackson, -John B., 
 
 9 
 
 BUSINESS. 
 
 Grain Commission. 
 
 Wholesale Grocer. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Contractor. 
 
 White Lead. 
 
 Gen'l Agent Guarantee Co. of N. A. 
 
 Tanners. 
 
 Stoves, Ranges, etc. 
 
 Copper and Brass Rolling Mills. 
 
 Bankers. 
 
 Star Fire Brick Works. 
 
 Importers and Jobbers of Dry Goods. 
 
 Grocers. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Manufacturers of Bitters. 
 
 Wholesale Liquors. 
 
 Dry Goods. 
 
 Real Estate Agents. 
 
 Coal Miners and Shippers. 
 
 Wholesale Grocers. 
 
 Dealers in Stocks. 
 
 Coal Dealer and Oil Producer. 
 
 Trimmings, Millinery, etc. 
 
 Steel Works. 
 
 Pres. Pitts. & Chicago Gas Coal Co. 
 
 Plumbing and Gas Fitting. 
 
 Chancellor, Western University. 
 
 Metallurgical Engineers and Chemists . 
 
 Scrap Metal Dealer. 
 
 Bookkeeper, Masonic Bank. 
 
 Pianos and Organs. 
 
 Mfr. of Pickles, Preserves, etc. 
 
 Pres. Pgh. & Bellevernon Coal Co. 
 
 Pittsburgh . 
 
 Pittsburgh . 
 
 Pittsburgh . 
 
 American Iron and Steel Works. 
 
 Printers and Stationers. 
 
 Wholesale Grocer. 
 
 Pres. Fidelity Title and Trust Co. 
 
NAMES. 
 
 Keystone Bank, 
 
 Kelly & Co., Geo. A., 
 
 King, Thomas M., 
 
 Keystone Bridge Co., 
 
 Klee & Falk, 
 
 Kier Brothers, 
 
 King Glass Co. , 
 
 Lindsay & McCutcheon, 
 
 Lloyd, Son & Co., H., 
 
 Logan, Gregg & Co. , 
 
 Lockhart & Frew, 
 
 Lawrence & Co., W. W., 
 
 Leader Publishing Co., 
 
 Leggate & Son, A., 
 
 Lusk, F. T. , State Agent Mut. 
 
 Lindsay & Co., James C, 
 
 Lindenthal, Gustav, 
 
 Lyne, W. C, 
 
 Logan & Co., A. J., 
 
 Lightfoot, Benj. H., 
 
 M. and M. National Bank, 
 
 Masonic Bank, 
 
 M. and M Insurance Co. , 
 
 Monongahela Insurance Co., 
 
 Moorhead-McCleane Co., 
 
 Marvin Br. U. S. Baking Co., 
 
 Munroe & Son, R., 
 
 Mackintosh, Hemphill & Co., 
 
 Metcalf , Paul & Co., 
 
 Myers & Co., E. H., 
 
 Murdoch, John R.& A., 
 
 Mellor & Hoene, 
 
 Mellon, Thomas, 
 
 Morris, Geo. W., 
 
 Moore, L. S., 
 
 Murdoch, A. M. & J. B., 
 
 Moorhead, Jr. , John, 
 
 Macbeth & Co., Geo. A., 
 
 Marshall-Kennedy Milling Co., 
 
 McKee & Bros. , 
 
 10 
 
 BUSINESS. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Wholesale Druggists. 
 
 Vice President, B. & O. R. R. 
 
 Iron Bridges, etc. 
 
 Wholesale Pants Manufacturers. 
 
 Fire Brick. 
 
 Table Glassware Manufacturers. 
 
 Iron Works. 
 
 Iron Manufacturers. 
 
 Wholesale Hardware. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Paint Manufacturers. 
 
 Evening and Sunday Leader. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 Benefit Life Ins. Co., Newark, N. J. 
 
 Wholesale Hardware. 
 
 Civil Engineer. 
 
 Insurance Agent. 
 
 Mattresses and Bedding. 
 
 Gen. Agt. Provident Life & Trust Co. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Soho Iron and Steel Works. 
 
 Wholesale Cracker Baikers, etc. 
 
 West Point Boiler Works. 
 
 Founders, Machinists, etc. 
 
 Verona Tool Works. 
 
 Pork Packers. 
 
 Nurserymen, Florists and Seedsmen . 
 
 Pianos and Organs. 
 
 T. Mellon & Sons, Bankers. 
 
 Manager A. French Spring Co. 
 
 Manager Fairbanks & Co. Scales. 
 
 Florists and Nurserymen. 
 
 Of Vesuvius Iron and Nail Works. 
 
 Flint Glass Works. 
 
 Flour. 
 
 Flint Glass Manufacturers. 
 
11 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 McCuUy &Co., Wm., 
 McClmtock& Co., O., 
 McConway & Torley Co., 
 McKee & Co., S., 
 McHenry, S. L., 
 McCliire, Alex., 
 McKinnie , Henry, 
 McKeau, James S., 
 McCandless, Alex. M., 
 McClelland, Wm. , 
 McCormick, J. J., 
 N. Y. & C. Gas Coal Co., 
 ISTational Tube Works, 
 Noble, D. C, 
 Oliver Iron and Steel Co., 
 O'Neil Coal Co., W. W., 
 Oppenlieimer & Co., M., 
 Oil Well Supply Co., 
 Oliver & Roberts Wire Co., 
 Pittsburgh Bank for Savings, 
 Peoples National Bank, 
 Peoples Savings Bank, 
 Pennsylvania National Bank, 
 Park, Brother & Co., 
 Phillips, Nimick & Co., 
 Pennsylvania Lead Co. 
 Painter & Sons, J., 
 Pittsburgh Gas Co., 
 Porter, H. K., 
 Pittsburgh Times, 
 Pitcairn, R., 
 Pittsburgh Supply Co., 
 Pittsburgh Steel Casting Co., 
 Pittsb. Loco, and Car Works, 
 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., 
 Phillips, J. & H., 
 Post Printing & Publishing Co. 
 Peoples Insurance Company, 
 Pew, J. N., 
 Quincy, W. C, 
 
 BUSINESS. 
 
 Glass Manufacturers. 
 Carpets, Oil Cloths, etc. 
 Malleable Iron Castings. 
 Glass Manufactui'ers. 
 Dollar Savings F. & T. Co., Allegheny. 
 Pittsb'gh Saw Mill and Box Factory. 
 Proprietor Hotel Anderson. 
 Post Master. 
 Physician. 
 
 Att'y and Adjt. General, Penn'a. 
 Steamship x^gent, etc. 
 Coal. 
 
 Wrought Iron Pipe Manufacturers. 
 Secretary A. French Spring (yO. 
 Iron and Heavy Hardware Mfrs. 
 Coal Miners and Shippers. 
 Wholesale Clothing. 
 Mfrs. of goods for drilling Avells. 
 Steel Wire Manufacturers. 
 Pittsburgh. 
 Pittsburgh. 
 Pittsburgh. 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Black Diamond Steel Works. 
 Sligo Rolling Mill. 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Iron Manufacturers. • 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 Light Locomotives. 
 Daily Times. 
 
 Supt. Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 Natural Gas & Steam Fittings, etc. 
 Steel Castings. 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Manufacturers of Plate Glass. 
 Oil Cloths and Rubber Goods. 
 , Publishers Daily and Weekly Post. 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 President Peoples Natural Gas Co. 
 Manager Jones & Laughlins. 
 
NAMES. 
 
 Robinson Brothers, 
 
 Rhodes, Joshua, 
 
 Robinson-Rea Mfg. Co. , 
 
 Reymer & Bro., 
 
 Rosenbaum & Co., 
 
 Reinecke & Co., 
 
 Roberts, Thomas P., 
 
 Rees & Sons, James, 
 
 Rahm, Frank, 
 
 Reineman, George, 
 
 Shoenberger & Co., 
 
 Spang, Chalfant & Co., 
 
 Schmertz & Co., Wm. E., 
 
 Schmertz & Co., R. C, 
 
 Scaife & Sons, W. B., 
 
 Scaife Foundry & Machine Co. 
 
 Scott & Co., James B., 
 
 Singer, Nimick & Co., 
 
 Standard Oil Company, 
 
 Siebenick, J. G., 
 
 Slagle, J. F., 
 
 Slagle, J. S., 
 
 Stevenson & Co., Geo. K., 
 
 Severance, S., 
 
 Smith Bros. & Co., 
 
 Standard Manufacturing Co., 
 
 Star Encaustic Tile Co., 
 
 Sailor, A. L., 
 
 Smith, E. D., 
 
 Smith, Percy F., 
 
 Speer & Co., D. R., 
 
 Shaw Brothers, 
 
 Schuette, Wm., 
 
 Schlosser, John B., 
 
 Schmidt, G. W., 
 
 Speer, J. Howard, 
 
 Schoeneck & Son, P. C, 
 
 Samson, H., 
 
 Shaw, W. C, 
 
 Safe Deposit Company, 
 
 12 
 
 BUSINESS. 
 
 Bankers. 
 
 President Pennsylvania Tube Works. 
 Machinists, Founders, etc. 
 Wholesale Confectioners and Grocers. 
 Wholesale and Retail Millinery. 
 Plumbers and Gas Fitters. 
 Chief Engr. Monongahela Nav. Co. 
 Boiler Works. 
 Pittsburgh. 
 Restaurant. 
 Juniata Iron Works. 
 Etna Iron Works. 
 Wholesale Boots and Shoes. 
 Window Glass Manufacturers. 
 Sheet and Plate Iron Works, etc. 
 , Founders and Machinists. 
 Metals, Copper, Tin Plate, etc . 
 Sheffield Steel Works. 
 Oil Refiners, etc. 
 
 Editor Evening Chronicle Telegraph. 
 Associate Judge Common Pleas No. 1 . 
 Iron Commission. 
 Grocers. 
 
 Spike and Rivet Manufacturer. 
 La Belle Steel Works. 
 Founders and Enamelers. 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Merchant Tailor and Clothier. 
 Div. Pass. Agent, B. & O. R. R. 
 Book and Job Printer. 
 Planing Mills, Lumber, etc. 
 Book and Job Printers. 
 Lumber, etc. 
 
 Proprietor Hotel Schlosser. 
 Wholesale Liquor Importer, etc. 
 Speer White Sand Co. 
 Furniture. 
 Undertaker. 
 Physician . 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
NAMES. 
 
 Third National Bank, 
 Third National Bank, 
 Townsend & Co., W. P., 
 Tibby Brothers, 
 Taylor, E. B., 
 Tustin, Wm. E., 
 Union National Bank, 
 Union Storage Company, 
 U. S. Iron and Tin Plate Co., 
 Vandergrift, J. J., 
 Voigt & Co., L. H., 
 Vanuxem, Pierce & Co., 
 Western Insurance Company, 
 Walton & Co., Joseph, 
 Wolfe, Lane & Co., 
 Wood Co., W. Dewees, 
 Weaver & Co., Henry A., 
 Wood, Jr., B. L., 
 Wickersham, S. M., 
 Wooldridge, W. P., 
 Wightman & Co., Thomas, 
 Warden & Oxnard, 
 Winter, Emil, 
 AVainwright & Co., Z., 
 Weyman & Bro., 
 Wood & Son, John A., 
 Woodwell & Co., Joseph, 
 Wattles, W. W., 
 Wells, Calvin, 
 AVitherow, Wm., 
 Willson, B. C, 
 Zug & C/O., 
 
 13 
 
 BUSINESS. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Allegheny. 
 
 Wire and Rivets. 
 
 Glass Manufacturers. 
 
 Gen. Supt. Trans. Penn'a Lines West. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Pittsbui'gh. 
 
 Pittsburgh . 
 
 President United Pipe Line Co. 
 
 Produce and Commission Merchants. 
 
 Gen. Agts. N. Y. Life Insurance Co. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Coal Miners and Shippers. 
 
 Wholesale Hardware. 
 
 Sheet Iron Manufacturers. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 President Monongahela Dredging Co. 
 
 Iron Broker. 
 
 Agt. Mutual Life Ins. Co., N. Y. 
 
 Glass Manufacturers. 
 
 Elaine Oil Manufacturers. 
 
 Abattoir, Herr's Island. 
 
 Brewers and Maltsters. 
 
 Manufacturers of Tobacco, etc. 
 
 Coal Miners and Shippers. 
 
 AVholesale Hardware. 
 
 Jeweler. 
 
 Pres. Pittsburgh Forge and Iron Co. 
 
 Proprietor Hotel Duquesne. 
 
 Proprietor Seventh Avenue Hotel. 
 
 Sable Iron Works. 
 
EARLY HISTORY. 
 
 BY REV. DR. JAMES ALLISON. 
 
 The territory now known as Allegheny County, in 
 which the cities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny are located, 
 has been the scene of great events, or rather of occurrences 
 leading to results of world wide importance. The French 
 claimed the country on the Ohio river and the streams 
 which form it, by the right of priority of discovery and 
 exploration by La Salle, 1669-70, when he went as far south 
 as the Falls at Louisville. The Shawanese and Delaware 
 Indians removed from the country along the Susquehanna 
 river to the upper Ohio and lower Allegheny rivers during 
 the years 1727-29. With them came traders, the first white 
 men to make any kind of a lodgment or settlement in this 
 region. Some of these were men of excellent character, but 
 others — especially what were known as " the hired hands " 
 — were ignorant and dissolute, and rapacious in their deal- 
 ings with the Indians. 
 
 France resolved to expel the traders and to erect a line 
 of forts from Canada to Louisiana, to protect the North-West 
 and the South-West claimed by it. In 1749, Captain Celeron 
 de Bienville, with 200 soldiers and 30 Indians descended 
 the Allegheny and Ohio to the mouth of the Wabash, taking 
 military possession, and as evidence of this, depositing lead 
 plates with suitable inscriptions in different localities along 
 these rivers. In after years a number of these were found. 
 One of them, discovered at the junction of the Allegheny 
 and Monongahela rivers, forming the Ohio, bears the date, 
 "August 3, 1749, at Three Rivers." This force encamped 
 several days at Logstown, a little further down the Ohio 
 
than the present location of Economy, from which the 
 commander expelled the English traders, and sent by them 
 to Governor Hamilton, of Pennsylvania, letters dated " Our 
 camp on the beautiful river, at an old Shawnee village, 6th 
 and 10th of August," stating that he was there 'by orders of 
 the Marquis de la Gallisonere, General-in-chief of New 
 France, whose orders are very strict not to suffer any 
 foreign traders within his government.' " 
 
 In 1750, and again in 1751-52, Christopher Gist, of 
 North Carolina, in the employ of the *' Ohio Company," 
 explored this part of Pennsylvania. On the 23d of Novem- 
 ber, 1753, George Washington, with Gist for a guide, arrived 
 here on his way to Venango, under orders from Governor 
 Dinwiddle, of Virginia. After examining a location for a 
 fort proposed at the mouth of Chartiers Creek, Washington 
 expressed a decided preference for ''The Forks," — the 
 junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers. The 
 erection of the fort was begun February 17, 1754, but on 
 April 17, 1754, Ensign Ward in command was compelled to 
 surrender his little band, which consisted of only 41 men, 
 to the French commander Contrecoeur, who had a force of 
 1400 soldiers and Indians, with 18 cannon, 300 canoes and 
 60 bateaux. 
 
 Thus began the war which closed in America with the 
 cession of Canada to the English, in 1760, and the cost of 
 which, and the complications to which it gave rise in 
 Europe, led England to tax the colonies, brought on the 
 Revolutionary War and the Independence of the United 
 States. The French drove off the traders from Western 
 Pennsylvania, erected a fort at " The Forks," and called it 
 Fort Duquesne, in honor of the Governor of Canada. The 
 English government determined to regain the territory that 
 had been lost ; to this end General Braddock and a strong- 
 English force was sent, to which was added a detachment 
 of Virginia troops. Braddock met with a terrible defeat at 
 what has since been known as " Braddock's Fields," July 9, 
 
16 
 
 1755. In this engagement, Colonel George Washington 
 gave promise of the greatness to which he afterwards 
 attained. On November 24, 1758, the French and Indians 
 set fire to Fort Duquesne and abandoned it, and during the 
 same night the troops under General Forbes took possession 
 and named it Fort Pitt, in honor of William Pitt, the great 
 English statesman. On April 14, 1761, the inhabitants of 
 what is now Pittsburgh, consisted of 223 men, women and 
 children ; these with the 95 oflficers and soldiers, with the 
 families of some of them, made an entire population of 332. 
 What may be called the second town was laid out by Col. 
 John Campbell, in 1765, whose plan was adopted by George 
 Woods, in the survey made by him for the Penns, in 1784. 
 
 CLAIMED BY VIRGINIA. 
 
 The Penns laid claim to " The Forks of the Ohio," 
 under a Charter granted by Charles II, March 4, 1681 ; 
 Virginia claimed this territory under the Old Charter to 
 the London Company, 1609. Virginia settlements west of 
 the Blue Pidge had been begun as early as 1730; and in 1738 
 the whole country west of that mountain barrier, now con- 
 stituting more than half a dozen States, was claimed. In 
 1754-5-6, this disputed territory and all the region west of 
 the Ohio river was made a part of Augusta County, Va. 
 Fort Pitt was named Fort Drummond, and Courts composed 
 of Virginia Justices were held at this place and elsewhere. 
 At times serious results were feared. Not until 1784, when 
 Mason & Dixon's line was completed, did the strife cease. 
 
 Such is the early history of what is now the centre of 
 the Nation's Industries. Its vast productions are set forth 
 in the following pages. 
 
GEOWTH A'ND DEVELOPMEISTT. 
 
 Railroad and river tonnage in 1890 was 39,443,201 tons 
 —local, 19,124,350 tons— through, 20,318,851 tons. 
 
 5,670 industries, representing a capital of $223,592,240, 
 employing 134,097 persons, paying in wages $65,780,858 
 per annum. Value of product being $350,201,925. 
 
 According to the official statement of the present census 
 bureau for 1890, the number of inhabitants in 
 
 Pittsburgh is - 238,473. Increase over 1880, 82,084. 
 Allegheny City is 104,967. " " 26,288. 
 
 343,440. " " 108,372. 
 
 Allegheny Co., 551,856. " " 195,987. 
 
 OOMPAEISOK— POPULATIO]^. 
 
 YEAit. Pittsburgh. Allegheny City. 
 
 1800, 1,565, 
 
 1810, 4,768, ....... 
 
 1820, 7,248, 
 
 1830, 12,568, 
 
 1840, 21,115, 10,000, 
 
 1850, 46,610, 21,262, 
 
 1860, 49,217, 28,702, 
 
 1870, 86,076, 53,180, 
 
 1880, 156,351, 78,681, 
 
 1890, 238,473, 104,967. 
 
18 
 
 Allegheny County was organized 1788 ; Pittsburgh 
 incorporated as a borough, 1794 ; as a city, in 1816. 
 Allegheny as a borough, 1828 ; as a city, 1840. 
 
 The census table is somewhat deceiving in showing the. 
 population of cities, and failing, as they necessarily do, to 
 present in the same view the situation and surroundings of 
 one city as compared with another. The real comparative 
 size and importance of American cities are presented in a 
 recent article in the Louisville Courier Journal. That paper 
 says : 
 
 "The proper way in which to consider the size of a 
 city, is to include all the people within a given radius who 
 are directly dependent upon it for support. You must take 
 all the suburbs and outlying towns, places in which people 
 sleep, but live in the city." In the list compiled as noted 
 below, it will be observed, out of the 19 cities Pittsburgh is 
 the fifth upon the list, which materially adds to her 
 importance. 
 
 New York, 
 
 3,621,000 
 
 Bufi'alo, 
 
 385,000 
 
 Philadelphia, 
 
 1,422,000 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 381,000 
 
 Boston, 
 
 1,334,000 
 
 San Francisco, 
 
 335,000 
 
 Chicago, 
 
 1,324,000 
 
 Detroit, 
 
 330,000 
 
 Pittsburgh, 
 
 677,000 
 
 Milwaukee, 
 
 320,000 
 
 St. Louis, 
 
 629,000 
 
 Kansas City, 
 
 306,000 
 
 Cincinnati, 
 
 590,000 
 
 Albany, 
 
 289,000 
 
 Baltimore, 
 
 586,000 
 
 New Orleans, 
 
 280,000 
 
 Providence, 
 
 532,000 
 
 Louisville, 
 
 277,000 
 
 Cleveland, 
 
 426,000 
 
 
 
 The following table gives the value of real estate in 
 Pittsburgh and Allegheny City, by wards, as assessed for 
 county and State taxation, and the totals for Alleghen}'- 
 County. . 
 
19 
 
 WARDS. 
 
 PITTSBURGH. 
 
 First 
 
 Second 
 
 Third 
 
 Fourth 
 
 Fifth 
 
 Sixth 
 
 Seventh 
 
 Eighth 
 
 Ninth 
 
 Tenth 
 
 Eleventh 
 
 Twelfth 
 
 Thirteenth 
 
 Fourteenth 
 
 Fifteenth 
 
 Sixteenth 
 
 Seventeenth 
 
 Eighteenth 
 
 Nineteenth 
 
 Twentieth 
 
 Twenty-first 
 
 Twenty -second 
 
 Twenty-third 
 
 Twenty-fourth 
 
 Twenty-fifth 
 
 Twenty -sixth 
 
 Twenty-seventh 
 
 Twenty-eighth 
 
 Twenty-ninth 
 
 Thirtieth 
 
 Thirty -first 
 
 Thirty-second 
 
 Thirty-third 
 
 Thirty-fourth 
 
 Thirty-fifth 
 
 Thirty-sixth 
 
 ALLEGHENY CITY. 
 
 First 
 
 Second 
 
 Third 
 
 Fourth 
 
 Fifth 
 
 Sixth 
 
 Seventh 
 
 Eighth 
 
 Ninth 
 
 Tenth 
 
 Eleventh 
 
 Twelfth 
 
 Thirteenth 
 
 Total. 
 
 Value Real Estate 
 
 Value Real Estate 
 
 Taxable, 1880. 
 
 Taxable, 1890. 
 
 !? 4,707,538 
 
 $ 6,824,145 
 
 4,655,302 
 
 7,475,330 
 
 8,157,951 
 
 15,218,120 
 
 5,366,726 
 
 11,232,555 
 
 1,446,420 
 
 2,072,710 
 
 2,659,902 
 
 3,435,710 
 
 1,926,476 
 
 2,260,780 ■ 
 
 1,786,858 
 
 2,266,310 
 
 1,925,594 
 
 2,525,410 
 
 1,284,105 
 
 1,334,069 
 
 2,179,041 
 
 3,299,459 
 
 4,134,203 
 
 5,995,030 
 
 1,835,666 
 
 3,272,315 
 
 5,524,464 
 
 10,363,535 
 
 2,347,586 
 
 3,480,040 
 
 2,022,212 
 
 3,012,255 
 
 3,869,318 
 
 5,538,170 
 
 2,548,403 
 
 3,215,715 
 
 2,237,254 
 
 4,763,895 
 
 3,760,387 
 
 9,950,155 
 
 2,179,912 
 
 5,207,412 
 
 2,267,561 
 
 3,893,080 
 
 1,670,181 
 
 3,277,540 
 
 1,219,853 
 
 1,865,275 
 
 1,836,389 
 
 2,412,474 
 
 2,060,220 
 
 2,522,385 
 
 549,803 
 
 1,492,088 
 
 1,320,697 
 
 1,721,740 
 
 1,266,899. 
 
 1,778,850 
 
 1,244,610 
 
 1,266,965 
 
 555,282 
 
 933,506 
 
 807,868 
 
 1,300,145 
 
 594,325 
 
 780,945 
 
 682,474 
 
 910,020 
 
 542,999 
 
 808,141 
 
 698,763 
 
 775,190 
 
 4,834,814 
 
 f^,405,238 
 
 ■ 6,502,488 
 
 9,640,590 
 
 4,330,211 
 
 6,286,890 
 
 5,685,974 
 
 6,170,460 
 
 4,635,995 
 
 6,282,690 
 
 3,119,768 
 
 4,854,275 
 
 938,030 
 
 1,497,465 
 
 822,962 
 
 1,207,275 
 
 958,630 
 
 1,151,615 
 
 957,827 
 
 1 ,852,630 
 
 860,451 
 
 1,539,605 
 
 549,730 
 
 1,157,385 
 
 486,060 
 
 844,440 
 
 $118,827,146 
 
 $187,411,907 
 
20 
 
 Allegheny County, 1880, $175,358,766 ; 1890, $262,611,357. 
 From the centennial history, we find in 1807, the 
 industries then were : 
 
 1 Cotton Factory, 3 Bonnet Makers, 
 
 1 Air Furnace, 1 Mattress Maker, 
 
 1 Wire Weaving Factory, 1 Looking Glass Maker, 
 
 2 Gunsmiths, , 2 Rope Walks, 
 S Tallow Chandlers, 1 Tool Maker, 
 
 5 Coopers, 
 
 7 Cabinet Makers, 
 
 2 Potteries, 
 
 2 Book Binders, 
 
 1 Pump Maker, 
 
 7 Tan Yards, 
 
 1 Machinist, 
 
 51 Mercantile Stores, 
 
 2 Boat Stores, 
 2 Glass Works, 
 4 Nail Factories, 
 
 1 Brass Foundry, 
 
 2 Tobacconists, 
 1 Brush Maker, 
 
 13 Weavers, 
 1 Turner, 
 
 4 Printing Offices, 
 4 Lumber Dealers, 
 2 Breweries, 
 
 7 Coppersmiths, 
 
 6 Harness Makers, 
 1 Bell Maker, 
 1 Trunk Maker, 
 1 Comb Maker, 
 6 Hatters,. 
 
 4 Plane Makers, 
 
 8 Boat Builders, 
 1 Lock Maker, 
 
 1 Spinning Wheel Maker, 
 
 5 Windsor Chair Makers, 
 
 6 Brick Yards, 
 
 1 Cotton and Woolen Machinery. 
 Making a total of 176, while for 1890, the manufactur- 
 ing, mechanical, mercantile and other industries number 
 5,670. 
 
 FII^Al^OIAL. 
 
 We have twenty-seven National banks, and twenty-two 
 State and other banks in Pittsburgh, with a capital of 
 $15,500,000 ; in Allegheny City and surrounding towns 
 we have eighteen, making a total of sixty-seven banks, 
 combined capital being $17,750,000. It is said upon good 
 
21 
 
 authority that our incorporated banks have larger cash 
 resources than those of thirty-three States and Territories 
 as given in the Comptroller of the Currency's last report: 
 they having twice the resources of all the banks, 
 public and private, of Virginia; $10,000,000 more than 
 those of Indiana ; $17,000,000 more than those of Texas, 
 and so on through the list. The capital, surplus, profits 
 and deposits of the sixty-seven banks above mentioned, 
 aggregate $105,000,000, or one-fifth of the total amount in 
 Pennsylvania, including private banks. 
 
 The business at the Pittsburgh Clearing House for 
 the year 1890, was $902,350,025.07 ; in 1880 the amount 
 being $360,018,927.58. It will thus be seen the increase of 
 the business during the past ten years was over $500,000,000. 
 
 We have distanced Cincinnati and New Orleans loner 
 ago, and in 1889 passed Baltimore, and in the list have 
 encroached rapidly upon the places maintained by St. Louis 
 and San Francisco. 
 
 CHUECHES. 
 
 The first minister of the gospel that preached in 
 Allegheny County was a Catholic priest, who came with the 
 French troops in 1754. After the French were expelled by 
 General Forbes, in 1758, the Protestants took charge of the 
 field simultaneously with the English troops. A Presby- 
 terian minister who came with Forbes' army preached here 
 in 1758, and the First Presbyterian Church was organized in 
 1785. The next Avas the German Evangelical Protestant 
 Church, 1787, then the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1794; 
 following this the first Methodist church was settled about 
 the year 1800, then the Baptists in 1812. 
 
 CHURCHES OP TO-DAY. 
 
 There are 281 sanctuaries in the two cities. The 
 various denominations seem to have vied with each other 
 
22 
 
 in building churches of grand architecture, and in no direc- 
 tion have the wealth and public spirit of the citizens mani- 
 fested themselves more efficiently. The capital represented 
 will reach $9,147,000, with a membership of 149,448, over 
 43 per cent, of the entire population. 
 
 The Catholic persuasion have the largest number of 
 churches, 52 ; Methodist, 36 ; Presbyterian, 32 ; United 
 Presbyterian, 30 ; Evangelical Lutheran, 29 ; Episcopal, 18 ; 
 Baptist, 17 ; Christian Church, 10 ; Evangelical Association, 
 8 ; Methodist Episcopal, S ; Methodist Protestant, 7 ; Dis- 
 ciples, 6 ; Reformed Presbyterian, 6 ; Congregationalists, 4 ; 
 Reformed Church of the United States, 3 ; Cumberland 
 Presbyterian, 2 ; Synagogues, 6 ; miscellaneous, 14. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 In the old section of the county that is south of the 
 Ohio and Allegheny rivers, school houses were erected as 
 early as 1776, within a few miles of each other, so that the 
 children of settlers could get what was then a common school 
 education. The first school houses were built of logs with 
 openings for windows by cutting out a log; here a sash 
 frame was put in, but no glass, greased paper being used as 
 a substitute. The course was limited — reading, writing, 
 ciphering — as books were scarce. - The little ones learning 
 the alphabet were supplied with a paddle, on which the 
 letters were printed. 
 
 Pittsburgh and Allegheny have since made great 
 progress in the system of education; they have magnificent 
 school buildings, an elaborate course, and very competent 
 teachers. According to the census bulletin and reports 
 there are, in the State of Pennsylvania, 965,444 pupils 
 —461,953 males, 473,953 females, 24,493 teachers, 16,111 
 females, 8,382 males. 
 
23 
 
 Allegheny County has 82,571 pupils — 41,582 males, 
 40,989 females, 1,601 teachers. 
 
 Pittsburgh has 65 school buildings, valued at $2,500,- 
 000—32,578 pupils— 16,038 male^, 16,540 females, 608 
 teachers. 
 
 Allegheny City has 22 school buildings, valued at 
 .$1,500,000^16,000 pupils, 292 teachers. 
 
 Outside of the public schools there, are a large number 
 of others, including the parochial schools of the Roman 
 Catholic Church, in which there are 17,277 pupils enrolled., 
 
 THEATEES. 
 
 We have six Theatres and one Museum where the 
 people of Pittsburgh and Allegheny can take enjoyment — 
 the attractions are of the best. The places of amusement 
 are all good buildings, and estimated to be worth $3,000,000 
 — they will compare favorably with similar houses in other 
 large cities. The patronage is good, and it is claimed that 
 nearly 2,500,000 people spend $1,250,000 per annum for 
 this enjoyment. 
 
 The seating capacity is as follows : 
 Grand, 2,100 Academy of Music, 1,700 
 
 Bijou, 2,700 Alvin, 1,800 
 
 Duquesne, 1,700 Harris, 1,700 
 
 Fifth Avenue Museum, 700. 
 By these figures it is seen that 12,400 people can be 
 seated at the plays in one night. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 Eighty-four hotels, with a capacity for accommodating 
 8,000 persons, are credited to Pittsburgh and Allegheny. 
 We quote those that can entertain fifty and upwards : 
 
24 
 
 Monongahela House, 650 
 Seventh Avenue Hotel, 400 
 
 Hotel Anderson, 
 
 400 
 
 Hotel Duquesne, 
 
 400 
 
 Hotel Schlosser, 
 
 356 
 
 Hotel Boyer, 
 
 275 
 
 St. Charles Hotel, 
 
 250 
 
 Central Hotel, 
 
 250 
 
 St. James Hotel, 
 
 200 
 
 East End Hotel, 
 
 200 
 
 Boley's Hotel, 
 
 200 
 
 Hotel Brown, 
 
 200 
 
 Staley's Hotel, 
 
 150 
 
 Keystone Hotel, 
 
 150 
 
 Hazel Hotel, 
 
 120 
 
 Hotel Drummbnd, 
 
 100 
 
 Albion Hotel, 100 
 
 Red Lion Hotel, 100 
 
 Merchants Hotel, 100 
 
 American House, 100 
 
 Hotel Heck, 80 
 
 First Avenue Hotel, 80 
 
 Hotel Weithaus, 80 
 
 Schreiber Hotel, 75 
 
 Windsor Hotel, 60 
 
 Manning House, 60 
 
 Morgan House, 52 
 
 Bank Exchange, 50 
 
 Hotel Normandie, • 50 
 
 Hotel Klein, 50 
 
 Deshon Hotel, 50 
 
 Hotel Kenmawr, 50 
 
 :^EWSPAPERS. 
 
 There are 70 newspapers in the city. 
 
 The Commercial Gazette, as now conducted, bears a 
 strong comparison, and affords a striking contrast with its 
 progenitor of the last century, and its successive changes 
 and enlargements from time to time have been fairly repre- 
 sentative of the increasing growth of Pittsburgh, the fulfill- 
 ment of its social aspirations and the achievement of its 
 wonderful destiny. The Gazette of 1786 represents the day 
 of the pack horse ; that of 1892, the era of the telegraph. 
 
 The Daily Post. — The Commonwealth, which was a 
 paper established in 1805, was in 1811 merged into The 
 Mercury, which in 1841 consolidated with a paper which had 
 .been established in 1824, and known as The Allegheny 
 Democrat. The union of the papers appeared under the 
 style of The Mercury and Democrat, changing the following 
 
25 
 
 year to The Mercury and Manufacturer, as a consequence of 
 the absorption of another paper called the American Manu- 
 facturer; in 1842 The Daily Post was issued. The Post, which 
 has since been regularly and daily issued, has always been 
 noted for its fidelity to democratic principles. 
 
 The Chronicle Telegraph. — In May, 1841, a weekly 
 paper known as The Chronicle, was established. In the 
 following September it was issued as a daily morning paper, 
 and so continued until 1884, when the paper was merged 
 with The Evening Telegraph. The last named paper had 
 been established in 1873, by The Evening Telegraph Pub- 
 lishing Company. In December, 1883, The Chronicle and 
 The Telegraph were consolidated, the company changing its 
 style to the Pittsburgh Chronicle Telegraph Company. The 
 Chronicle Telegraph holds a high place among the prominent 
 evening journals of the country. 
 
 The Pittsburgh Dispatch. — There was a paper known 
 as The Dispatch, published in 1833. In 1846, The Daily 
 Dispatch was established, and now,, after more than forty 
 years of growth, is a conspicuous representative of all that 
 is progressive in journalism. This paper, since 1883, pub- 
 lishes a Sunday edition. 
 
 The Leader. — The Leader was originally started as a 
 Sunday paper, its first number appearing on Sunday, 
 December 11, 1864, and this Sunday edition has been issued 
 every week from that time to the present. In 1870, The 
 Evening Leader appeared, the publishing firm first being 
 styled Pittock, Nevin & Co., and afterward changing to the 
 Leader Publishing Company. The Leader presents the news 
 fully, yet concisely, and its general features are brilliant. 
 
 The Pittsburgh Times is a later venture and fills an 
 important place in Pittsburgh journalism, fully occupying 
 the field of a bright, well conducted, comprehensive and 
 popular penny morning journal. 
 
 The Pittsburgh Press is another paper which has 
 won its way to an established place in popularity, and has 
 
26 
 
 a very large and constantly growing circulation. Although 
 a penny paper, it is an eight page quarto, and is distin- 
 guished for the full and complete way in which it presents 
 the news. The Press is also a Sunday paper. 
 
 Freiheits Freund. — The large German population of 
 Pittsburgh and the country immediately surrounding it, 
 made the city a good field for the publication of a news- 
 paper in the German language. The Freiheits Freund was 
 originally established at Chambersburg, Franklin county, 
 Pa., in- 1834, and in 1837 removed to Pittsburgh, where it 
 was issued as a weekly until 1844, when it became a tri- 
 weekly, followed in 1847 by a daily. 
 
 PiTTSBUEGEE, Beobachter. — Another daily paper pub- 
 lished in the German language is the Pittshurger Beobachter. 
 
 In addition to these representatives of daily journalism 
 there are a large number of weekly and class newspapers, 
 each filling an important place in its special field. The 
 Presbyterian Banner is the oldest religious paper in the 
 world ; The Christian Advocate, the organ of the M. E. 
 Church ; The United Presbyterian ; The Catholic ; The 
 Methodist Recorder. Of local and society papers, prominent 
 ones are The East End Bulletin and The East End News, 
 while The Labor Tribune, Trade Journal, The Commoner and 
 Glass Worker and a number of other labor papers are pub- 
 lished, as well as numerous other representatives of special 
 interests. 
 
 LIBRARIES. 
 
 Pittsburgh and Allegheny are well supplied, having 
 seven institutions of this kind, with 53,000 volumes, and a 
 circulation of 100,000, viz : 
 
 Pittsburgh. — Pittsburgh Library Association rooms 
 are located on Penn Avenue ; the Catholic Library in the 
 basement of the Cathedral, Fifth Avenue ; the German 
 

 
 ■•#4, •■ 
 
 ^r . .„ - - 
 
 
 ?•!. 'j i.i 
 
 iii^'-^-ii' 
 
 Carnegie Library, Allegheny. 
 
27 
 
 Library Association on Wood Street ; the Pittsburgh 
 Teachers' Library on Market Street ; the Young Men's 
 Christian Association Free Reading Rooms, Seventh Street. 
 Allegheny. — Allegheny Public School, West Diamond 
 Street ; the Carnegie Free Library, Ohio and Federal 
 Streets. 
 
 HOSPITALS. 
 
 In the cities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny there are 
 ■eight hospitals; 13,595 patients were treated during the 
 year 1890. 
 
 The Western Pennsylvania is the largest, being the 
 city general hospital, situated at Twenty-eighth Street, 
 Pittsburgh, is open at all times and to all classes of people. 
 
 The Homceopathic is on Second Avenue; here also all 
 classes of patients are admitted, except those suffering from 
 ■contagious diseases. Persons who have received injuries 
 from an accident will be admitted at all times. 
 
 The Mercy Hospital, located on Stevenson Street, 
 ■and conducted by the Sisters of Mercy, is open at all times 
 -and to all persons. 
 
 The Pittsburgh Infirmary, corner Roberts and Reed 
 Streets, receives all kinds of patients who are admitted on 
 presentation of a certificate from the attending physician. 
 
 The Home for Incurables, located at Fifty-fifth and 
 Butler Streets. Patients suffering from incurable diseases 
 are admitted ; does not include old people or young- 
 children. 
 
 The St. Franciscus, situated on Forty-fourth Street, 
 is one of the largest in the city. 
 
 The St. Marys, situated on Fifty-fifth Street, and in 
 charge of the sisters of that Convent. 
 
 The Allegheny General, located on Stockton Ave- 
 nue, Allegheny. 
 
 The Pittsburgh Dispensary, on Sixth Avenue. 
 
28 
 PARKS. 
 
 The parks of the twin cities are regarded with pride b}^ 
 the citizens. They afford delightful resorts, and are kept up 
 with the greatest care, with well laid out walks, finest 
 flowers and shrubbery, handsome artificial lakes, rustic- 
 bridges, with a fine collection of animals. 
 
 Allegheny Parks, located in the centre of the city,. 
 and reached by the Pittsburgh, Allegheny and Manchester 
 and Pleasant Valley car lines. It contains 91^ acres of 
 ground, valued at $1,750,000 ; cost of maintenance, $20,000 
 per annum. Here we have the Phipps Conservatory, where,, 
 at all times, a complete collection of the finest exotic plants 
 and other rare attractions of the floral world may be seen. 
 
 ScHENLEY Park, located in the Fourteenth and Twenty- 
 second wards, Pittsburgh, contains 444 acres, valued at 
 $1,550,000. The main entrance from Forbes Avenue 
 crosses Four Mile Run and the Pittsburgh Junction Rail- 
 road by a bridge 585 feet in length, having a driveway 34 
 feet wide, with foot walks 8 feet in width. The main drive- 
 way in the park is 60 feet, and the interior roads 40 feet ; 
 another entrance is by Forward Avenue bridge, 555 feet 
 long, giving easy access to the park from the Twenty-second 
 and Twenty-third wards, adding greatly to the pleasure 
 drives in that section and from the South Side. The natural 
 advantages of the park are not surpassed by any in the 
 country, the ravines ranging in depth from 50 to 350 feet, 
 while the roads following the spurs and the sides of these 
 ravines give constantly changing views of great beauty and 
 picturesqueness. 
 
 Among the noted attractions is the Carnegie Free 
 Library, to be located on the entrance tract of 19 acres ; 
 the Phipps Conservatory, near the main entrance; the- 
 Zoological Garden. 
 
29 
 
 WATEE WORKS. 
 
 In the early days the inhabitants depended for their 
 water supply either upon hauling from the river or by 
 securing a supply by digging wells upon their premises. 
 There is no record of any public action on the part of the 
 then township or borough authorities to increase the water 
 supply until 1812, when the scarcity of water in various 
 districts led the burgess to advertise for a public meeting to 
 be held. At this meeting it was agreed and action taken 
 for the sinking of wells and putting in pumps at the public 
 expense. Four pumps were put in on Market Street; of these 
 four wells one was to be erected at the expense of the 
 county. It was not until 1824 that- Councils passed the 
 ordinance providing for the raising of money to supply the 
 want. Since that time great strides have been made in this 
 direction, and we have to-day in 
 
 Pittsburgh, water works valued at $3,500,000, employ- 
 ing 75 persons, paying yearly in wages $60,000, and pump- 
 ing daily 40,000,000 gallons of water. 
 
 Allegheny City, water w^orks valued at $1,814,000, 
 employing 50 persons, paying in wages $40,000 per annum, 
 pumping daily 22,257,260 gallons. 
 
 It is claimed that for the number of inhabitants, there 
 is more water consumed in Pittsburgh and Allegheny than 
 in any other city of the world. Consumption in Pittsburgh 
 being, per capita, 167 gallons ; Allegheny, 212; in both 
 cities the average is 187 gallons, or four barrels. 
 
 Comparison. — Per capita as taken from the official 
 water works report shows : Pittsburgh, 167 gallons ; Alle- 
 gheny, 212 gallons ; Chicago, 127 gallons ; Philadelphia, 
 113 gallons ; New York, 110 gallons ; Buffalo, 120 gallons ; 
 Detroit, 129 gallons ; Milwaukee, 113 gallons. 
 
30 
 
 POST OFFICE. 
 
 Probably no better evidence of the growth in business 
 and population could be had than the report of business of 
 our post office. Our Pittsburgh post office receipts are now 
 such that we rank with Brooklyn, Baltimore, San Francisca 
 and Washington, there being but six cities in the United 
 States which lead us, viz : New York, Chicago, St. Louis, 
 Boston, Philadelphia and Cincinnati. 
 
 The number of employees in the Pittsburgh post office 
 is 171, with 133 carriers, making a total of 304 persons. 
 Gross receipts for the past year, box rents, stamps, envelopes, 
 etc., was $695,842.25, an increase of $73,033.70 over the 
 previous year. Business transacted in the Money Order 
 Division was $2,431,630.05; for 1884, $1,535,148.97, an 
 increase in six years of $896,481.89. 
 
 BUSINESS TRANSACTED IN THE CITY DELIVERY DIVISION. 
 
 1890 1884 
 
 Number letters delivered 16,678,616 7,454,939 
 
 postal cards delivered .... 2,747,329 2,271,531 
 " pieces 2d, 3d and 4th class 
 
 matter 5,313,813 3,037,055 
 
 local letters collected 3,513,749 960,273 
 
 mail letters collected 8,784,362 2,880,719 
 
 local postal cards collected 1,071,910 594,907 
 
 mail postal cards collected 1,582,128 794,907 
 " pieces 2d, 3d and 4th class 
 
 matter 1,347,624 536,829 
 
 Total number pieces handled 41,039,531 18,531,160 
 
 Total number pieces handled per 
 
 carrier 308,568 
 
 Total postage collected on all matter 
 collected by carriers and 
 
 deposited in office $158,461.90 $76,835.57 
 
Government Building and Post Office. 
 
31 
 
 Number of letters delivered through 
 
 boxes 8,048,580 3,207,484 
 
 Number of papers delivered through 
 
 boxes 3,468,936 867,816 
 
 Sent to Dead Letter office 34.525 23,595 
 
 11,552,041 4,098,895 
 
 MATTER HANDLED IN THE DIVISION, DISTRIBUTION AND 
 DESPATCH OF MAILS. 
 
 1890 1884 
 
 Number packages weighed out .... 807,508 582,419 
 
 letters distributed 32,300,320 23,206,760 
 
 " sacks papers distributed . . 68,011 41,738 
 
 " papers distributed 10,201,671 6,260,736 
 
 Total number pieces handled 42,561,056 29,557,406- 
 
 BUSINESS TRANSACTED IN THE REGISTRY DIVISION. 
 
 1890 1884 
 
 Domestic letters mailed 30,601 18,672. 
 
 " parcels, 3d class .. 2,513 5,037 
 
 Foreign letters mailed 5,667 1,608 
 
 " parcels, 3d class 358 68 
 
 Official letters and parcels mailed . . 6,687 760 
 
 Total 45,826 26,145 
 
 Letters delivered to carriers 57,200 28,806 
 
 at window 33,176 27,352 
 
 official 30,707 17,549 
 
 Mis-sent, forwarded and returned to 
 
 writer 12,854 1,001 
 
 Total 133,937 74,708- . 
 
 Total number mailed and delivered 179,763 100,853- 
 
32 
 
 BUSINESS TRANSACTED IN THE SPECIAL DELIVERY. 
 
 Number articles arriving in mails for delivery 25,860 
 
 deposited in office " 29,285 
 
 Total number special delivery, 55,145 
 Number of the above actually delivered .... 52,184 
 " '' forwarded to other 
 
 offices for delivery, 12 
 
 " " that failed of special 
 
 delivery 2,949 
 
 Special delivery stamps sold • $6,180.00 
 
 Number messengers employed 24 
 
 Amount paid special delivery messengers $4,271.96 
 
 Average amount paid each messenger 177.95 
 
 ABATTOIR. 
 
 One of the largest abattoirs in the State is located here. 
 For cleanliness and sanitary arrangements it cannot be 
 excelled; great care is exercised by the proprietors upon this 
 point. All their machinery is of the latest improved 
 patterns. The capital invested in this enterprise is $400,000; 
 190 persons are employed, whose wages are $127,000 per 
 annum. 14,300 cattle and 57,000 small stock were killed, 
 dressed and sold during 1890, together with the large 
 amount of lard and other articles manufactured. 
 
 DROVE YARDS. 
 
 Capital invested, $300,000 ; number persons employed, 
 40 ; shipments equal to 125,000 tons ; 50,000 head of cattle, 
 75,000 head of hogs, 75,000 head of sheep and 15,000 head 
 of calves were handled during the year. 
 
33 
 ELEVATORS. 
 
 Capital invested, $52,500 ; number employees, 14; paid 
 employees, $7,632 per annum ; value of the sales, $100,000; 
 capacity, 250,000 bushels ; grain handled, 874,054 bushels ; 
 feed chopped, 4,147 tons ; shipments, 25,998 tons. 
 
 TONNAGE, 
 
 The total railroad and river tonnage in 1890 was 
 39,443,201 tons; railroad,34,638,316 tons; river, 4,804,885tons; 
 local, 19, 124,350 tons, equal to 1,000,000 of cars, or an average 
 of 3,000 cars per day ; 2,000 loaded freight cars enter, and 
 1,000 depart daily. These figures are pregnant with mean- 
 ing; they show that we receive about 40,000 tons daily, and 
 re-distribute 20,000 tons daily over the country. The figures 
 are furnished to illustrate the enormous movement observ- 
 able in and around the city. To further appreciate the 
 above figures, take the local tonnage, irrespective of the 
 river tonnage, about 5,000 cars per day, placed on one con- 
 tinuous train would extend over 30 miles. 
 
 The pre-eminence of Pittsburgh as a point of distribu- 
 tion, by both river and rail, is indisputable. 
 
 The amount of tonnage originating and passing 
 through Pittsburgh will exceed that of any other city in the 
 Union, New York not excepted. 
 
 As per the data furnished by the acting chief of the 
 sixteenth division Census Bureau, we find that railways in 
 the United States for the year shows that the number of 
 tons of freight carried by the railways of the United States 
 was about 656,917,409 ; for the State of Pennsylvania, for 
 same period, 152,961,123 tons, being over 23 per cent, of the 
 entire amount. It will be seen at a glance that Pittsburgh 
 has contributed a good share of this tonnage. 
 
34 
 
 EAILWAY SYSTEM. 
 
 The railway system is of the best — facilities unsur- 
 passed, and composed of integral parts of the three great 
 trunk lines of the country, the Pennsylvania Railroad, the 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and the Vanderbilt corporations 
 — through these wonderful systems the great seaports of the 
 Atlantic coast are reached, also the great lakes of the North. 
 They cover the West with a tenacious grip, and will soon 
 bring the South within the fold. The railway systems as 
 they exist are among the foundations of our strength, as 
 they are one of our powers which contribute as much to 
 the growth and success as the fact that we command 
 unrivaled water highways. 
 
 To further show the great activity of the city, we might 
 add that the number of passenger trains that enter and 
 depart are 222, and 40,000 people enter and depart from the 
 '■\fFerent depots daily. 
 
 We derive our raw material from the far distant north 
 «,nd the sunny south, and know of no better instance than 
 that of the ore for our blast furnaces, which comes from the 
 Superior regions, from Spain and Algiers. Cork is brought 
 from Spain, Portugal and Africa. 
 
 The products of our output enter into countless articles, 
 from the commonplace trifles in domestic use to the 
 grandest and most beautiful achievements of human 
 ingenuity and art. The iron from our mills is handled in 
 every hamlet in the country ; our glass is a necessity and a 
 luxury in millions of households ; our coke and coal con- 
 tribute comfort to countless firesides, reduces the valuable 
 ores, conducts the successful operation in the factory, and 
 illuminates cities. 
 
 RIYEE FACILITIES. 
 
 We have the Monongahela river from the south for our 
 coal, the Allegheny river from the north for our lumber ; 
 
35 
 
 these enter into and form the big Ohio for the west, where 
 our products have still another and advantageous outlet. 
 By these rivers and streams beyond, more than 20,000 miles 
 of inland navigation are open to the steam craft of Pitts- 
 burgh. 
 
 As a boat building locality, Pittsburgh has for a time 
 taken the lead, and among the early industries, records show 
 the first boat built in Pittsburgh was in 1777. In 1797 and 
 1798 two Government vessels were built ; in 1801 a brig 
 and schooner. The first steamboat built in the city, the New 
 Orleans, left Pittsburgh on her trial trip October 11,1811. 
 From this date to the present time the building of steam- 
 boats, with the exceptions of a few intervals, has been one 
 of the leading industries. Records further show that there 
 have been 3,000 steamboats and ships constructed at Pitts- 
 burgh and vicinity up to the present time. 
 
 The river tonnage now embraces 96 tow boats, 10 pas- 
 senger boats, 1,800 barges, 1,500 coal boats, 500 flats, 200 fuel 
 boats — representing a capital of $13,000,000. 
 
 The tonnage capacity of the vessels employed in the 
 coal trade on the Ohio river, and owned at Pittsburgh, is 
 vastly greater than that employed for any purpose and 
 owned at any other single lake harbor, or sea port in the 
 United States. This vast carrying capacity is rendered 
 necessary by the peculiar conditions existing in the naviga- 
 tion of our western rivers. 
 
 In 1889 twenty-two firms and individuals, engaged 
 chiefly in the coal trade, presented the following figures of 
 this class of vessels owned in Pittsburgh : 
 
 Number. Capacity, 
 
 Coal Boats 1,467 1,174,600 
 
 " Barges 1,776 958,100 
 
 " Flats 648 120,800 
 
 Totals, 3,891 2,253,500 
 
 Average carrying capacity : boats, 850 tons; draught, 
 7i to 8 feet; barges, 480 tons; flats, 200 tons. 
 
36 
 
 Coal transported in 1890 was 120,000,000 bushels. A 
 large proportion goes south to Cincinnati, Louisville, St. 
 Louis, New Orleans, etc. 
 
 Traffic by the passenger boats shows signs of increase — 
 50,000 passengers arrive and depart by river per annum — 
 they handle in freight, receiving lumber, sugar, molasses, 
 cotton, cotton seed oil ; forwarding iron, wire, spikes, glass^ 
 rails, cotton ties, etc. 
 
 lE^CLII^ES. 
 
 Owing to the topographical situation of the city, which 
 presented numerous difficulties, the building in early history 
 was upon the bottom lands; the hills between the two rivers 
 being considered unavailable, because inaccessible. The 
 difficulty has been overcome by the introduction of this 
 system, and all points are reached. There are now of these 
 useful means of transportation, nine inclines, both for pas- 
 sengers and freight, representing a capital of $500,000, 
 employing 80 persons, and carrying during the year 
 3,839,128 passengers. 
 
 EAPID TRAI^SIT. 
 
 No city in the Union can boast of having better facilities 
 of this kind than we have here. Lines run in all directions, 
 and are of the most improved system. There are eleven 
 lines now in operation, covering nearly one hundred miles; 
 representing a capital of $12,300,000, with 500 cars, carry- 
 ing during the year, 37,429,388 persons. 
 
 Pittsburgh Traction Company, cable, Duquesne Trac- 
 tion Company, electric, Pittsburgh and Birmingham Traction 
 Company, electric, Citizens Traction Company, cable, Cen- 
 tral Traction Company, cable, Second Avenue Passenger 
 
37 
 
 Railway Company, electric, Pleasant Valley Railway Com- 
 pany, electric, Pittsburgh, Allegheny and Manchester Rail- 
 way Company, electric, Schenley Park and Highland Ave- 
 nue, electric. South Side Passenger Railway Company, 
 horse cars, Pittsburgh and West End Railway Company, 
 horse cars. Spring Garden Railway Company, horse cars. 
 The Suburban Rapid Transit Company, electric. 
 
 ISTATTJEAL GAS. 
 
 In this Avonderful enterprise, $30,000,000 is invested; 
 300 employees are engaged at an outlay of $150,000 per 
 annum. Nearly 1,000 miles of pipe lines are used in convey- 
 ing the fuel to the manufacturing establishments and house- 
 holds, which, if laid in a continuous line, would reach from 
 New York to Chicago. Natural gas has been found for 
 many years back in Western Pennsylvania, in boring for 
 salt water and petroleum, and is said to have been utilized 
 in China many centuries ago, and in more modern 
 days low pressure gas springs have been, in a few cases, 
 utilized for lighting purposes in the Rhenish province of 
 Germany. In Fredonia, N. Y., it was used for illuminating 
 purposes as early as 1821. It seems somewhat singular 
 that this valuable fuel having been known to the manufac- 
 turers of Pittsburgh for half a century, and obtainable at 
 the very door of the city, yet having been unutilized until 
 only a few years since. The first practical utilization of 
 natural gas in Pennsylvania was in the oil regions, where it 
 was adopted for fuel under boilers and also used as an 
 illuminant. In 1875, two iron manufacturing firms of this 
 city utilized the gas by piping it direct to the furnaces, but 
 these experiments, though successful, were not until 1884 
 made general, when it was not only introduced into 
 factories, mills, etc., but dwellings, and was used for every 
 purpose for which coal was formerly employed, displacing 
 at this time 10,000 tons of coal per day, and while the 
 
38 
 
 people of Pittsburgh delighted in the name of the 
 " Smoky City," they now rejoice in the change that the 
 gas fuel has produced, not only in the appearance of the 
 city, but the economy of the fuel, which is a great saving 
 to manufacturing interests. In household usage, its cleanli- 
 ness, convenience and saving of labor could hardly be esti- 
 mated, and has given to our cities advantages which other 
 cities not so highly favored, are unable to compete with. 
 
 The most important industries are mentioned, showing the 
 products for the year. 
 
 IROE" AI^D STEEL. 
 
 From which the title of "The Iron City" was derived, 
 which is the proud metropolis of an industrial empire. 
 
 The beginning of the manufacture of iron in Western 
 Pennsylvania, and the first furnace built, dates back to 1790. 
 It was then located at what is now known as Shady Side. 
 A rolling mill was erected in 1811. 
 
 The exact date at which the manufacture of steel was 
 first attempted in Pittsburgh, is uncertain 
 
 There are now 25 blast furnaces ; these, with the 27 steel 
 works and 33 rolling mills, constitute our leading industries. 
 
 The capital invested in these great enterprises is 
 $56,845,000, over one-fourth of the entire capital represented 
 in the two cities. 38,935 persons are employed, paying 
 yearly in wages $20,265,264 ; received and forwarded, 
 12,007,538 tons. 
 
 The following condensed statement of the iron and 
 steel interests will show the marvelous extent of the industry 
 as measured in the product : 
 
 Pig iron - 1,497,786 tons. 
 
 Rails, bar, angle, rod, bolt and hoop iron . . . 538,660 '' 
 
 Sheet and plate iron 126,191 " 
 
 Crucible steel ingots 53,122 " 
 
 All other steel, including Bessemer 1,394,798 " 
 
 Total 3,610,557 " 
 
39 
 
 For making the pig iron above mentioned it required : 
 
 Ore 2,300,000 tons. 
 
 Coke 1,200,000 " 
 
 Limestone 600,000 " 
 
 Total 4,100,000 " 
 
 In addition to the pig iron manufactured in the city, 
 most of which is consumed here, it is fair to estimate that 
 700,000 tons are brought here to be manufactured into 
 higher forms. 
 
 To further show the importance of these industries 
 (iron and steel), it may be stated that the output of the 
 entire United States and Pennsylvania alone in 1890 was 
 as follows : 
 
 United States. Pennsylvania. 
 
 Pig iron 10,307,028 4,945,169 tons. 
 
 Polled iron in all forms 2,820,377 1,479,318 " 
 
 Steel of all kinds crude 4,790,319 3,055,126 " 
 
 Steel rails 2,095,996 1,470,490 " 
 
 Totals .20,013,720 10,950,103 " 
 
 Thus showing that Pittsburgh produced nearly one-fifth 
 (i), or 20 per cent., of the entire amount in the United 
 States and over one-third (i), or 33 per cent., of Pennsyl- 
 vania — Pennsylvania being over one-half (i), or 50 per 
 cent., of the output in the United States. 
 
 To still further show the wonderful development of the 
 iron and steel industry, we give the following, kindly fur- 
 nished by Mr. James M. Swank, general manager of the 
 American Iron and Steel Association : 
 
 "Allegheny county is well known as the leading iron 
 and steel producing county of the United States. It has 
 long occupied this position. The following table gives the 
 production of iron and steel since 1874 in net tons : " 
 
40 
 Blast Furnaces and Steel Works. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 All other Steel, 
 
 
 
 Number 
 
 
 Number 
 
 Crucible 
 
 Including 
 
 Total Make of 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 of Blast 
 
 Net Tons. 
 
 of Steel 
 
 Steel Ingots 
 
 Bessemer Ingots 
 
 Steel. 
 
 
 Furnaces. 
 
 
 Works. 
 
 Net Tons. 
 
 Net Tons. 
 
 Net Tons. 
 
 1874 
 
 11 
 
 143,660 
 
 11 
 
 17,915 
 
 6,000 
 
 23,915 
 
 1875 
 
 11 
 
 131,856 
 
 14 
 
 22,942 
 
 15,498 
 
 38,440 
 
 1876 
 
 11 
 
 128,555 
 
 14 
 
 25,009 
 
 54.467 
 
 79,476 
 
 1877 
 
 12 
 
 141,749 
 
 14 
 
 24,747 
 
 82,401 
 
 107,148 
 
 1878 
 
 12 
 
 217,299 
 
 14 
 
 27,866 
 
 106,948 
 
 134,814 
 
 1879 
 
 13 
 
 267,315 
 
 18 
 
 40,142 
 
 130,781 
 
 170,923 
 
 1880 
 
 15 
 
 300,497 
 
 17 
 
 52,136 
 
 169,819 
 
 221,955 
 
 1881 
 
 15 
 
 385,453 
 
 17 
 
 61,256 
 
 247,345 
 
 308,601 
 
 1882 
 
 16 
 
 358,840 
 
 18 
 
 59,596 
 
 258,501 
 
 318,097 
 
 1883 
 
 16 
 
 592,475 
 
 20 
 
 59,128 
 
 346,402 
 
 405,530 
 
 1884 
 
 17 
 
 487,055 
 
 22 
 
 38,885 
 
 289,376 
 
 328,261 
 
 1885 
 
 17 
 
 585,696 
 
 24 
 
 42,139 
 
 364,905 
 
 407,044 
 
 1886 
 
 18 
 
 737,124 
 
 26 
 
 58,208 
 
 561,550 
 
 619,758 
 
 1887 
 
 20 
 
 897,849 
 
 26 
 
 60,393 
 
 761,038 
 
 821,431 
 
 1888 
 
 20 
 
 890,569 
 
 , 27 
 
 54,124 
 
 698,315 
 
 752,439 
 
 1889 
 
 21 
 
 1,293,435 
 
 27 
 
 55,83 1 
 
 1,049,742 
 
 1,105,573 
 
 1890 
 
 25 
 
 1,497,786 
 
 27 
 
 53,122 
 
 1,394,798 
 
 1,447,920 
 
 Rolling Mills. 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 Number 
 
 of Rolling 
 
 Mills. 
 
 1874 
 
 31 
 
 1875 
 
 31 
 
 1876 
 
 31 
 
 1877 
 
 31 
 
 1878 
 
 3: 
 
 1879 
 
 32 
 
 1880 
 
 30 
 
 1881 
 
 30 
 
 1882 
 
 31 
 
 1883 
 
 32 
 
 1884 
 
 31 
 
 1885 
 
 31 
 
 1886 
 
 30 
 
 1887 
 
 31 
 
 1888 
 
 31 
 
 1889 
 
 33 
 
 1890 
 
 33 
 
 Product of Iron, Product of Iron, 
 Rails, Bar, Sheet & Plate, 
 Angle. Bolt, Except 
 
 Rod and Hoop. I Nail HIate 
 Tons. Tons. 
 
 194,114 
 171,178 
 189,511 
 208,342 
 226,687 
 286,882 
 287,253 
 405,119 
 336,628 
 367,106 
 318,813 
 315,810 
 414,116 
 501,291 
 453,093 
 499,044 
 538,660 
 
 52,361 
 
 45,773 
 
 31,488 
 
 30,254 
 
 33,445 
 
 52,265 
 
 80,899 
 
 75,767 
 
 71,038 
 
 73,850 
 
 68,669 
 
 88,178 
 
 125,663 
 
 152,522 
 
 141,245 
 
 139,206 
 
 126,191 
 
 Product of Total Rolled 
 Iron Nails. Iron, 
 
 Kegs, llncluding Nails. 
 100 Pounds. Net Tons. 
 
 562,995 
 442,359 
 538,874 
 597,806 
 444,013 
 294,942 
 419.098 
 485,916 
 459,228 
 627,896 
 459,512 
 176,258 
 73,691 
 8,000 
 
 4,000 
 
 274,625 
 239,069 
 247,943 
 268,486 
 282,333 
 353,894 
 389,107 
 505,182 
 430,627 
 472,351 
 410,457 
 412,801 
 543,434 
 654,213 
 594,338 
 638,450 
 664,851 
 
 Product of 
 Steel Nails. 
 
 Kegs, 
 100 Pounds. 
 
 47,750 
 269,410 
 232,762" 
 169,765 
 
 52,536 
 
41 
 
 Foundries. 
 
 The first iron foundry was established 1803. With the 
 growth of Pittsburgh, the foundry business has gradually 
 developed until it may now be classed as among the great 
 industries. There are thirty-eight establishments, with a 
 total cupola capacity of 190,000 tons of metal, employing 
 3,778 hands, and paying in wages $1,697,387 per year, using 
 125,000 tons pig iron annually. Capital invested is 
 $5,076,600, material in and shipments out will reach 225,020 
 
 tons. 
 
 Malleable Iron. 
 
 Quite a trade has been established in this line— invest- 
 ment is $300,000 ; 563 persons are employed, whose wages 
 are $288,337 per year. Tonnage in and out is 55,140. 
 
 Railroad Spikes. 
 
 This is a division of the iron trade. In it $400,000 is 
 invested, 500 hands employed, paying annually in wages, 
 $372,000. Tonnage, 175,000 ; 588,000 kegs of spikes were 
 made during the year. 
 
 Bolts and Nuts. 
 
 This is carried on in six works. The production of this 
 form of iron dates back forty years Capital invested is 
 $462,000, employing 222 hands, whose wages will reach 
 $124,498. Tonnage, 42,700. 
 
 Tube Works. 
 Allegheny county has led the world in the manufacture 
 of pipe. Seven works are engaged in the enterprise, with a 
 capital of $2,500,000, employing 3,500 persons, wages 
 amounting to $1,175,000 per annum. 
 
 Bridge Works. 
 Bridge building was established here thirty years ago; 
 there are five firms in this line who make the building of 
 
42 
 
 bridges almost their exclusive work. Capital, $1,200,000, 
 1,300 hands employed, wages $650,000 per year. Tonnage, 
 32,000. 
 
 Locomotive Works. 
 
 231 standard and narrow gauge engines M^ere turned 
 out during the year, ranging in weight from five to sixty- 
 five tons ; capacity of the works, 400 locomotives per annum. 
 The business was originally started in 1860. Capital 
 invested, $551,000, employing 1,025 persons, whose wages 
 reach $558,000 per year. Shipments in and out, 33,000 tons. 
 
 Shovel Manufacturers. 
 170 persons are employed in this line of business, 
 whose wages amount to $120,000; capital invested, $375,000. 
 900,000 shovels were made during the year. Shipments, 
 4,000 tons. 
 
 Stoves and Ranges. 
 
 The firms doing business in this line have a capital of 
 $575,000; they employ 700 hands, paying annually, $350,000 
 in wages. Tonnage, 50,000. 
 
 Machinists. 
 Forty-nine firms are engaged in this branch of trade. 
 Capital represented amounting to $1,345,000 ; 587 hands 
 employed, wages $295,378 per year. Tonnage, 6,500. 
 
 Engine Building. 
 This business is carried on extensively by thirty-one 
 firms — one firm alone turning out 1,800 engines, equal to 
 80,000 horse power. The capital invested is $2,000,000. 
 1,430 persons employed, the wages paid being $733,000 per 
 annum. Tonnage, 16,500. 
 
 Boilers and Tanks. 
 This enterprise is carried on by a number of firms, with 
 a capital of $2,375,000, 1,330 employees, paying yearly in 
 wages, $655,000. Shipments in and out will reach 19,000 
 tons. 
 
43 
 
 Agricultural Works. 
 
 Chief among this class of manufacture are plows; there 
 are two firms who represent a capital of $250,000, engage 200 
 hands, paying them yearly $90,000. 
 
 Hardware. 
 
 Fift3''-seven retail and nine wholesale firms are engaged 
 in this line of trade; the capital is $1,248,240, with 447 
 employees, whose wages per year reach $257,457. Shipments 
 in and out reach 20,000 tons. 
 
 Wire Works. 
 
 In this industry $300,000 is invested, employing 270 
 hands, wages per annum being $135,000. Shipments in 
 and out, 40,000 tons. 
 
 Spring Works. 
 
 Elliptic and spiral springs are manufactured on a large 
 scale ; was started here twenty-five years ago. The firms 
 engaged in this trade represent $500,000, employing 250 
 hands, and paying them $125,000 per annum. Shipments 
 in and out, 15,000 tons. 
 
 Chain Manufacture. 
 
 Four firms represent this line of trade with a capital of 
 $100,000, and employing 300 hands, whose wages are equal 
 to $150,000 per year. 
 
 OOPPEE A^D BRASS. 
 
 Copper. 
 Pittsburgh enterprise first discovered the copper region 
 of Lake Superior in 1844, and established the copper rolling 
 business here in 1849. The capital represented at present 
 
44 
 
 time is $810,000, employing 140 hands, paying in wages per 
 annum, $128,971. Shipments in and out, 33,300 tons; 
 manufactured and disposed of during the year, 12,000 tons 
 ingot copper, 110 tons tin, 125 tons lead, 150 tons spelter. 
 
 Brass. 
 
 This is among the old time industries, and dates back 
 to 1810. Capital invested is $984,400, employing 595 hands, 
 paying $406,440 per year in wages. Shipments in and out, 
 11,200 tons, and consuming annually 500 tons copper, 400 
 tons scrap brass, 200 tons lead, 100 tons tin and 200 tons 
 zinc. 
 
 Artistic Brass Goods. 
 
 This branch of trade is a new feature in our industries, 
 producing especially "artistic brass goods "that will meet 
 the higher requirements in brass work. Material consumed 
 in the manufacture of this high class of goods was 233,000 
 pounds sheet brass, 150,000 pounds brass tubes and molding, 
 75,000 pounds brass castings, all of which equal $90,000 in 
 value. Capital invested, $100,000 ; 175 hands are employed 
 at annual wages of $65,000. Shipments in and out, 8,000 
 tons. 
 
 COKE. 
 
 Coke was made in this country seventy-three years ago, 
 and is now one of the great industries in the United States, 
 and ranks among the first in point of magnitude and im- 
 portance. We have the most important coke producing 
 centre in the United States, and one of two (the Durham, 
 England, being the other) in the world. The production of 
 the Connellsville and Pittsburgh district is fully 65 per cent, 
 of all coke made in the Union. 
 
 As an evidence of the importance of the industry, it is 
 only necessary to state that the coke has built up the great 
 pig iron trade of Allegheny county, which to-day is the 
 great pig iron centre of the country. 
 
45 
 
 The coke regions originally contained 72,000 acres of 
 coal land ; there are yet about 55,000 acres unmined. 16,000 
 ovens are in operation with an annual capacity of 11,000,000 
 tons of coke, requiring 431,900,000 bushels of coal, or 
 16,400,000 tons. To cool the product of these ovens it will 
 take 5,000,000 gallons of water daily. 
 
 16,200 hands are employed, whose wages per annum are 
 $6,480,000. The production of coke for 1890 was 7,500,000 
 tons, consuming 300,000,000 bushels of coal, equal to 
 11,392,405 tons. 
 
 COAL. 
 
 As to the coal industry, there is no subject more fascin- 
 ating or productive of greater pleasure than the study of 
 the growth, the progress and the future of this trade. Coal 
 is not now mined in one State, but all over the United 
 States, and while it is mined in 27 out of the 44 States of 
 the Union, Pennsylvania is the banner State (as per the 
 census bulletin in 1889) ; 36,174,087 tons were mined, being 
 nearly 40 per cent, of the entire production of the United 
 States ; Allegheny, Westmoreland, Fayette and Washington 
 counties producing 20,650,710 tons, being over 50 per cent, 
 of what was produced in Pennsylvania. A¥hile in 1890 the 
 production of Pennsylvania was 42,802,173 tons, the coun- 
 ties above mentioned produced 22,434,624 tons. 
 
 The bituminous coal field, by which Pittsburgh is sur- 
 rounded, is estimated about 10,000 square miles, of which a 
 large proportion is at our very door. AVith our unsurpassed 
 facilities for sliipping (river and rail) coal is sent to all 
 parts of the country. For gas or steam purposes it is un- 
 equaled in this or any other country. 
 
 126 mines are operated, employing 15,000 persons, 
 whose wages will reach $6,500,000 per annum. The produc- 
 tion for 1890 was 10,085,085 tons, equal to 265,573,801 
 
46 
 
 bushels, of which 120,000,000 bushels were from the river 
 mines, 98,000,000 bushels being shipped to southern 
 markets, the balance, 22,000,000 bushels, was used in the 
 local trade. The rail coal, about 90 per cent., was shipped 
 to foreign markets. 
 
 Coal shipped to Cincinnati, Louisville and southern 
 points 1887, 56,877,000 bushels; 1888, 109,849,000 bushels; 
 1889, 68,055,000 bushels; 1890, 98,000,000 bushels. 
 
 GLASS. 
 
 The first window glass manufacture in the United 
 States was established in Pittsburgh in 1795 ; in 1802 the 
 first flint glass works. From that time to the present Pitts- 
 burgh has made rapid strides, and to-day is acknowledged 
 the centre of the glass manufacture. The product from the 
 tableware factories are not behind in the least of the most 
 famous foreign artifices. The manufacture of lamp chim- 
 neys occupies an important place in the general industry 
 in this class. Pittsburgh furnishes seventy-five to eighty 
 per cent, of the lamp chimneys used in this country. 
 
 There are twenty-three firms with forty-three furnaces 
 engaged in the production of flint and lime glassware, their 
 specialties ranging from the highest forms of ornamental 
 and table glassware to prescription vials, including such 
 novelties as glass cloth, feather, etc. Of the entire pro- 
 duction of pressed glass in the United States nearly one- 
 half is made in Pittsburgh and three-fourths within a 
 radius of one hundred miles of Pittsburgh. The factories 
 receive 27,600 tons of material and turn out 23,000 tons 
 of tableware per annum. One firm alone made during 
 the year 18,552,000 tumblers. 
 
 The production of the window glass factories with their 
 416 pots, the output of each pot being 3,400 boxes of fifty 
 feet to each box, was a total of 1,414,400 boxes, equal to 
 
47 
 
 70,720,000 feet, or over 50,000 tons ; material received, 
 45,000 tons. Pittsburgh yields in this line twenty-five 
 per cent, of the entire production of the United States. 
 
 The number of lamp chimneys made during the year 
 will reach 40,000,000. In glass bottles the yearly consump- 
 tion shows a marked increase, but the capacity of our local 
 factories is still equal to the demand, which calls for 
 60,000,000 bottles and vials. 
 
 The combined capital represented is $3,345,000 ; 8,048 
 hands are employed, whose wages are $4,566,347 per annum. 
 Shipments in and out are 436,240 tons. 
 
 PLATE G-LASS. 
 
 Pittsburgh is having extraordinary success in this 
 specialty, and the production of plate glass is equal to the 
 foreign plate glass. It is claimed the largest plate glass 
 works in the world is located here. This industry, while 
 only established a few years ago with a capacity of 50,000 
 square feet per month, has increased to 800,000 square feet, 
 equal to nearly 10,000,000 square feet per annum. The 
 material used and product shipped out will equal 75,000 
 tons. Capital represented is $5,000,000, employing 3,200 
 hands, paying yearly, in wages, $1,750,000. Out of the 
 eleven firms in this great enterprise in the Union seven 
 are in business in Pittsburgh and vicinity. In great public 
 buildings, at our National capital, at our State capitals and 
 in our great cities American plate glass bears witness to 
 the marvelous development of this industry. Heretofore 
 plate glass was imported, now the United States make 
 more than one-half of the amount used. 
 
 TAJSr^ERIES. 
 
 Pittsburgh takes the lead in the markets of the United 
 States for certain kind of leather, i. e., the Pittsburgh har- 
 
48 
 
 ness leather, which is the standard. The making of Ijeather 
 is an old established industry here, and dates back to 1807. 
 During this year seven tanneries were in operation. While 
 the increase does not seem large, the volume of business 
 has increased to a gratifying extent. Fourteen establish- 
 ments are now in operation, all are large and hold a promi- 
 nent position among the important manufacturing concerns 
 of the city. 
 
 Capital invested is $2,475,000 ; hands employed, 1,000, 
 whose wages per year are $373,000 ; shipments in and out, 
 132,513 tons ; capacity, 1,700,000 sides of leather per an- 
 num ; leather produced during the year, 733,000 sides, using 
 6,500 cars of bark. 
 
 HAEI^ESS MAE^UFAOTURE. 
 
 A number of firms are engaged in this trade with a 
 capital of $600,000. They employ 100 hands and pay them 
 yearly $50,000. 
 
 BREWERIES. 
 
 The brewing of ale in Pittsburgh dates back to 1795, 
 in an establishment located near the Point; this was followed 
 by other establishments, until now we have 20 large, elegantly 
 equipped and extensive plants, whose capital is $5,901,000, 
 and give employment to 1,012 persons, whose wages per 
 annum amount to $652,711. Shipments in and out, 130,000 
 tons. The capacity is 1,390,000 barrels per annum — 
 765,493 barrels of ale, beer and porter were made during the 
 year, using in the manufacture, 1,399,876 bushels malt, 
 6,617,379 pounds of rice, and 876,361 pounds of hops. 
 
Court House. 
 
49 
 DISTILLERIES. 
 
 Capital invested, $1,000,000 ; employees, 138 ; wages 
 per annum, $100,000. Shipments in and out, 17,000 tons. 
 Grain used, 459,000 bushels; staves, 850,000. In addition, 
 1,130 cattle are fed, the value of which being $68,000. 
 
 LIQUOE DEALERS. 
 
 The wholesale and retail trade is represented by a 
 capital of $3,127,000. 1,395 persons are employed, who 
 receive per annum in wages, $520,000. 
 
 LDMBER. 
 
 This trade is o,ne of the important industries, and the 
 lumber comes to the city both by river and rail. It is the 
 centre of distribution, a large amount being cut on the 
 Allegheny and its tributaries. In addition to this there is 
 a large trade comes from the pineries of Michigan and 
 Wisconsin. 
 
 The saw mills, planing mills, cooperage and a number 
 of other manufacturing establishments which utilize lumber 
 as their raw material, use 125,000,000 feet per annum. The 
 capital represented is $1,935,000, employing 1,415 hands, 
 wages per annum, $676,435. Shipments in and out, 298,020 
 tons. 1,270,000 boxes and 1,303,305 kegs were made 
 during the year. 
 
 TIIsT PLATE AI^D Ti:rsri^ERS' STOCK. 
 
 Capital represented, $300,000, employing 150 persons, 
 wages per year, $60,000. The manufacture of tin ware was 
 established in Pittsburgh in 1839. 
 
50 
 
 GALYA^IZIISTG. 
 
 A large business is done in this line. The ca- 
 pacity will reach 20,000 to 25,000 tons annually. In the 
 preparation a large amount of spelter, sal. ammoniac, muri- 
 atic and sulphuric acids and zinc are used. Capital, $50,000, 
 employing 80 hands, wages per year, $39,617. Shipments 
 in and out, 12,000 tons. 
 
 LEAD ORE. 
 
 Lead ore and base bullion from Colorado, Utah, Mon- 
 tana and Idaho are brought here to be refined, and in con- 
 sequence are among our industries ; lead, gold and silver 
 may also be included. The freight on these ores and bullion 
 alone amounts to $50,000 per annum. The product of the 
 works is valued at $9,046,431.45 in lead, silver, gold and 
 copper per year. Capital invested, $1,000,000 ; 135 hands 
 are employed ; wages paid annually, $110,363. Capacity, 
 35,000 tons lead and 12,000,000 ounces of silver. Shipments 
 in and out, 28,564 tons. 
 
 WHITE AND OXIDE LEADS. 
 
 This branch of trade is among the oldest in the city, 
 having been established as early as 1810. Pittsburgh is the 
 pioneer in this industry. The Pittsburgh brands of white 
 
51 
 
 lead have a high reputation for quality extending from 
 Maine to California. The establishments corrode about 
 8,000 tons of lead a year, and in addition make from 3,000 
 to 4,000 tons of oxide of lead, and use 192,000 gallons of 
 linseed oil, producing 600,000 kegs of white lead, each 
 containing twenty-five pounds; in addition the works pre- 
 pare several million pounds of mixed paint yearly. Capital 
 invested, $2,000,000 ; 440 hands are employed, paying in 
 wages $215,000 yearly. Shipments in and out, 20,000 tons. 
 
 YAENISH Al^D lEOlNT PAII^T WORKS. 
 
 Capital invested, $200,000. 180 persons are employed, 
 whose wages are $90,000 per year. Shipments in and out, 
 15,000 tons. 100,000 barrels of paint and 50,000 barrels of 
 varnish are manufactured. 
 
 CHEMICALS. 
 
 Seven establishments are engaged in the manufacture 
 of chemicals — sulphuric, muriatic and nitric acids, and 
 aqua ammonia are made. Capital represented, $1,250,000, 
 employing 300 hands, who receive in wages $150,000 per 
 year. Shipments in and out, 30,400 tons. 
 
 CRUCIBLE ma:n^ufacture. 
 
 Three firms carry on this line of trade with a combined 
 capital of $160,000, employing 90 hands, paying in wages 
 $40,000 per year. Shipments in and out, 14,000 tons. 
 
52 
 
 GROCERY TRADE.' 
 
 The standing of the grocery business in Pittsburgh 
 is beyond dispute, and is well deserved, as it is seldom 
 a failure is heard of in this branch of trade. This 
 shows a solidity, financial strength and business ability 
 that is unequaled in any other city. Pittsburgh first 
 introduced roasted coff'ee, now a leading article in the 
 grocery trade. There are at present twenty-six wholesale 
 and a large number of retail dealers in this line. Capital, 
 $6,760,000, employing 3,861 persons, paying yearly in wages 
 $2,123,550. Shipments in and out, 144,250 tons. 50,000,- 
 000 pounds of coffee are roasted per year; the entire amount 
 of coffee handled will reach 450,000 bags of roasted and 
 green. The tea market is extensive; the wholesale trade 
 handle 1,000,000 pounds. 
 
 DRY GOODS. 
 
 Dry goods is an old time institution in Pittsburgh. In 
 1807 there were 51 mercantile stores, now we have 17' 
 wholesale and 133 retail dry goods establishments. 
 
 In the mercantile branches of industry carried on in 
 Pittsburgh there is none in which the advance, both in 
 volume of the business and the ability of the houses engaged 
 to fill the requirements of the increase, is more marked than 
 the dry goods trade. 
 
 Capital represented, $4,883,000, employing 2,218 per- 
 sons, paying in wages, per annum, $1,235,565. Shipments 
 in and out, 12,500 tons. 
 
 MILLIJ^ERY AI^D NOTIOI^S. 
 
 The firms representing this class of trade make it their 
 special business to cater to the public, and carry an exten- 
 sive line of imported and American millinery goods, laces, 
 
ribbons, flowers, trimmings, etc., in great variety. Capital, 
 $1,305,000, employing 1,451 persons, whose wages are 
 $779,750 per annum. 
 
 OLOTHIIi^G. 
 
 The manufacture and sale of clothing is one of the 
 many industries, and one that may be classed as having 
 made considerable progress. Capital, $2,110,000, employing 
 820 persons; amount paid in wages, yearly, $471,000. 
 
 MEWS FJJBl^lSUmG GOODS. 
 
 There are quite a number of firms in this branch. 
 Capital, $800,000, employing 400 persons, whose wages 
 amount to $200,000 per annum. 
 
 CARPETS AI^D OIL CLOTHS. 
 
 There are a number of firms in this line ; they carry 
 large stocks, including every description of goods in this 
 branch, viz : wiltons, moquettes, body brussels, tapestry, 
 ingrains and oriental carpets, and oil cloths of all kinds. 
 Capital, $1,335,000, employing 551 persons, whose wages 
 are $273,895 per annum. Shipments in and out, 13,000 tons. 
 
 HATS AISTD CAPS. 
 
 There are five wholesale and twenty-six retail establish- 
 ments in this trade, whose capital is $335,000, employing 
 130 persons, wages per annum, $65,000. 
 
54 
 
 BOOTS AIsD SHOES. 
 
 This branch is represented by nine wholesale firms, 
 and a large number of retail houses, with a capital of 
 $1,293,000, employing 593 hands, paying in wages, yearly, 
 $293,000. 
 
 CHn^A A^D GLASSWAEE. 
 
 Thirty firms represent this branch of trade, with a 
 capital of $300,000, employing 100 persons, paying out in 
 wages, yearly, $50,000. 
 
 OARHIAGE MAl^UFAOTURE. 
 
 The production of the various raw materials, viz : iron, 
 steel and wood for construction, leather, paints and var- 
 nishes, all in ample supply, places us in good position for 
 the building of vehicles ; no place is better fitted, nor can 
 a superior quality of goods in this line be turned out else- 
 where. Capital, $590,000, employing 245 hands, wages per 
 annum being $123,000. 
 
 MUSIC. 
 
 Pittsburgh is an important centre for the sale of pianos 
 and organs; the business is conducted by a number of 
 prominent and prosperous houses, with a capital of $800,000; 
 175 persons are employed, whose wages per annum is $75,000. 
 Shipments in and out, 1,000 tons. 4,000 to 5,000 pianos 
 and organs sold during 1890. 
 
55 
 
 FLOEISTS. 
 
 Pittsburgh is considered one of the best markets in the 
 United States for this class of trade. Thirty firms are en- 
 gaged in growing or selling plants and cut flowers. Three or 
 four of these firms grow fruit and ornamental trees, ever- 
 greens and small fruit in addition. $1,000,000 is invested 
 in this enterprise. 150 persons are employed, wages per 
 annum, $65,000. Value of sales per annum, $400,000. 
 
 PRIl^TIIi^'G, STATIOJ^EEY AKD BOOK 
 BIISTDII^G. 
 
 Printing in Pittsburgh dates back to 1786, when the 
 first number of the Pittsburgh Gazette was issued. Book 
 binding goes back to 1801. Sixty firms now represent this 
 line of trade with a capital of $600,000, employing 1,270 
 hands, paying yearly in wages, $649,500. Shipments in 
 and out, 7,000 tons. 
 
 DRUG TRADE. 
 
 This branch of trade in Pittsburgh dates from 1815, at 
 which time there were five drug firms. The trade has grown 
 with the city's growth, and now we have five wholesale 
 and 175 retail establishments. The wholesale houses are 
 properly ranked with the best in the country, and the 
 retail stores, in the elegance of their display and general 
 facilities for doing business, are second to none in the 
 Union. Combined capital, $1,010,000, employing 432 per- 
 sons, whose wages per annum is $244,000. 
 
56 
 
 PICKLE MAISTUFACTUEE. 
 
 We can claim the largest establishment in this line in 
 the United States, if not in the world. The capital repre- 
 sented in this trade i^ $600,000. 1,000 hands are employed, 
 whose wages are $3.00,000 per annum. Shipments in and 
 out, 45,600 tons. During 1890, 7,900,000 bottles of pickles 
 were put up. One firm alone uses the product of over 4,000 
 acres of land annually, own and wor"k 103 horses and 65 
 wagons and vehicles, use over 4,000 barrels of granulated 
 sugar yearly, and 40,000 gross of bottles. 
 
 JEWELRY 
 
 Eastern manufacturers and importers assert that more 
 fine jewelr}'^, diamonds, silverware and bric-a-brac is sold in 
 Pittsburgh than any other place in the Union with double 
 the population. 
 
 Nine wholesale and sixty-three retail establishments 
 represent this line, with a capital of $2,023,000, employing 
 353 persons, whose wages per annum are $208,000. 
 
 PAPER AI^D PAPER SACKS. 
 
 Six firms are engaged in the manufacture of paper 
 sacks, representing a capital of $400,000 ; they employ 165 
 hands, paying yearly in wages, $81,000. 25,000,000 sacks 
 were made during 1890. 75,000,000 paper sacks were made 
 and used in the United States during 1890, of which Pitts- 
 burgh put out 33 per cent, of the total amount. 
 
 ICE. 
 
 $425,000 is invested in this line of trade ; 66 hands 
 employed, paying in wages $33,000. Ice sold during 1890, 
 32,500 tons. 
 
COEK. 
 
 The largest cork factory in the world is located here. 
 The material is brought from Spain, Portugal and Africa. 
 1,100 hands are employed, whose wages per annum are 
 $250,000. $1,500,000 is invested in this enterprise. 1,000 
 car loads of cork and other supplies are received, and 1,200 
 cars of manufactured cork, cork waste and other merchandise 
 are handled during the year. Capacity, 900,000,000 corks 
 and 3,600,000 cork soles per annum. This line of trade, 
 from a small beginning in a small room on Smithfield 
 street in 1860, has grown to the above proportion. 
 
 FIRE BRICK. 
 
 The growth of this trade has been steadily upward — 
 63,300,000 brick were made in 1890. The capacity of the 
 w^orks is 95,000,000 bricks per annum. Capital, $1,990,000. 
 1,285 hands are employed, whose wages per annum are 
 $617,880. The material received and shipped out is 43,300 
 tons. ^___ 
 
 BVILDTNGr BRICK. 
 
 This industry is carried on by a large number of firms. 
 Capital invested will reach $550,000; 875 hands are employed, 
 paying annually in wages, $350,000. Shipments in and 
 out, 30,000 tons. 
 
 ' FLOUR MILLS. 
 
 The establishments engaged in this line of trade have 
 a capacity of 2,000 barrels per day, equal to 100,000 bushels 
 wheat. Capital represented, $800,000. 150 hands are em- 
 ployed, w^ages per annum being $75,000. 
 
 Wheat used during 1890, 750,000 bushels, equal to 
 148,000 barrels of flour. Shipments in and out, 40,000 tons. 
 
58 
 PRODUCE AIsTD GRAIl^. 
 
 The business transacted in this line is large, not only 
 in local consumption but in the re-shipment in the trade 
 territory of the city. It might also be classed among the 
 early industries. 108 firms, wholesale and retail, are 
 engaged in the business, representing a capital of $1,750,000, 
 employing 347 hands, paying in wages yearly $175,500. 
 Shipments in and out, 329,342 tons. Actual value of 
 merchandise handled during the year was $9,528,614. 
 
 Their transactions as illustrated -by the statement given 
 below, kindly furnished by the superintendent of the Grain 
 and Flour Exchange, shows the amount of flour, grain, etc., 
 handled during the year : 
 
 Handled. Value. 
 
 Flour 523,545 barrels, $2,617,725 
 
 Wheat 1,408,715 bushels, 1,408,715 
 
 Rye 585,270 '' 497,475 
 
 Oats 4,283,400 '■• 2,141,700 
 
 Corn 1,822,250 " 1,067,616 
 
 Barley 661,760 " 512,864 
 
 Hay 40,389 tons, 403,898 
 
 Malt 11,282 " 597,300 
 
 Mill Feed 15,342 " 276,155 
 
 Straw 645 " 5,166 
 
 SALT. 
 
 As an article of trade, salt is one of the staples of Pitts- 
 burgh. Six firms are now engaged in the manufacture of 
 salt from water obtained within the limits of the city, from 
 wells sunk to a depth of 1,500 to 2,000 feet, and produce 
 250,000 barrels annually. Capital, $800,000. 1,200 hands 
 employed, whose wages annually is $760,000. Shipments 
 in and out, 15,000 tons. 
 
59 
 
 POEK PACKING. 
 
 Capital represented in this line is $1,200,000, number 
 of hands employed, 300, wages per year, $150,000. 50,000 
 hogs handled during the year ; in addition, hog products, 
 viz: lard, hams, shoulders and sides. 
 
 PASSEI^GER AED FREIGHT ELEYATOES. 
 
 $100,000 is invested in this enterprise, so necessary now 
 to the large and handsome buildings erected in our city. 
 50 hands are employed, whose wages per annum is $30,000. 
 Shipments in and out, 6,000 tons. 
 
 OIL. 
 
 Capital invested, $1,150,000; employing 700 hands' 
 paying in wages $350,000 per annum. The amount of crude 
 and refined oil, and refining product during the past year 
 by the refineries of Pittsburgh will reach about 400,000 tons, 
 equal to 2,000,000 barrels. For staves, headings and iron 
 received to barrel the oil, 100,000 tons. 
 
 FUEI^ITUEE, 
 
 Quite a large number of firms are engaged in this trade. 
 The furniture business includes quite a number of special- 
 ties, such as the manufacture and sale of house furniture, 
 chairs, show cases, and various other branches. Capital in- 
 vested, $1,000,000. 500 persons employed, yearly wages 
 being $264,741. 
 
 PIOTUEES AND EEAMES, 
 
 . The capital invested in this line is $400,000, employing 
 100 hands, paying in wages per annum, $50,000. ' 
 
60 
 BEUSH MAlSrUFAOTURE. 
 
 There are ten factories in this branch of trade, repre- 
 senting a capital of $110,000, employing 70 hands, paying 
 yearly in wages, $35,000. Value of bristles runs from $1,000 
 to $6,000 per ton. 
 
 WALL PAPEE. 
 
 $395,000 is represented in this branch of trade, which is 
 carried on by 42 firms, employing 266 persons, whose wages 
 annually amount to $150,600. 
 
 OOl^FEOTIOJ^EET. 
 
 The establishments in this line are equal to any in the 
 Union. $863,000 is invested ; 611 hands employed, paying 
 in wages, yearly, $312,406. 
 
 SOAP. 
 
 There are a number of firms engaged in this line of 
 business. Capital, $300,000, employing 120 hands, whose 
 wages amount to $58,200 per year. 
 
 PLUMBLSTG Al^D GAS FITTIE'G. 
 
 This is represented by a capital of $401,000, employing 
 336 hands, wages, $122,500 per year. 
 
 TOBACCO AISTD CIGAES. 
 
 $700,000 is the capital represented in this line. • 500 
 hands employed, wages being $200,000 per annum. 
 
61 
 BUILDERS' SUPPLIES. 
 
 In this important line of business $500,000 is invested, 
 100 hands employed, wages being $50,000 per year. 250,000 
 barrels of cement handled yearly, equal to $75,000,000 
 pounds, or 37,500 tons. Shipments in and out will reach 
 50,000 tons. 
 
 CLOTHES WRIl^rGERS. 
 
 Only one factory of this description in the city, capital 
 $12,000 ; employing 60 hands, wages per annum, $15,000. 
 During 1890, 100,000 wringers and 20,000 freezers were 
 manufactured. 
 
 BAKII^G POWDER. 
 
 This branch of business dates back 25 years, commenc- 
 ing in 1865 on a small scale ; now the capital represented is 
 $125,000. 50 persons employed, paying in wages, $22,900 
 per annum. 
 
 MEROHAI^T TAILORIE'G. 
 
 This trade is carried on extensively by a number of 
 firms, who carry large stocks of goods and always keep up 
 with the times. Capital represented, $550,000, employing 
 800 persons, wages being $240,000 per annum. 
 
 BUOOM FACTORIES. 
 
 Eight firms make a specialty of this line. Capital, 
 $75,000, employing 150 hands, wages $60,000 per annum. 
 300 tons of broom corn used per annum, 125,000 dozen 
 brooms manufactured. 
 
62 
 LIIsrSEED OIL. 
 
 There are three firms engaged in this line, with a capital 
 of $150,000, employing 50 hands, paying annually $25,000. 
 Shipments in and out, 5,000 tons. 
 
 LITHOGEAPHK^G. 
 
 This line of business was started in 1850, by Schuch- 
 mann & Hannilein, with the very limited capital of 
 $150 — two and one-half years later, Wagner, Beuchner 
 & Mueller commenced business ; these two firms con- 
 tinued for some years; in 1855, Krebs & Rrother started, 
 located in the Singerly building on Third street, oppo- 
 site the post office. In 1863, Otto Krebs, who succeeded 
 Krebs & Brother, purchased the establishment of 
 Schuchmann & Co., and is still in the business^ 
 together with three other firms, the capital now being 
 $75,000, employing 70 hands, whose wages will equal 
 $35,000 per annum. 
 
 LIGHTI^II^G EODS. 
 
 A number of firms are engaged in this line of trade, 
 with a capital of $53,000, employing 58 hands, whose wages 
 amount to $23,200. 
 
 CORDAGE AND TWINE. 
 
 $124,000 is the capital represented in this business. 
 123 hands are employed, whose wages will reach $55,080 per 
 annum. Shipments in and out, 1,000 tons. 
 
 BABBITTS METAL. 
 
 Capital, $300,000, employing 50 hands, whose wages 
 will reach $29,595 per annum. 
 
63 
 AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. 
 
 There are a number of firms engaged in this line. 
 Capital, $300,000 ; employees, 150; wages per annum, 
 $65,000. 
 
 AWNINGS, TENTS, Etc. 
 
 Ten firms carry on this business, with a capital of 
 $50,000, employing 75 hands, paying in wages per annum, 
 $35,000. 
 
 BOAT STORES. 
 
 The firms engaged in this business represent a capital 
 of $250,000, employing 40 persons, whose wages will reach 
 $25,000. 
 
 MARBLE AND GRANITE WORKS. 
 
 $120,000 capital invested in this line of business, with 
 200 hands, whose wages will reach $100,000 per annum. 
 
 SAFE MANUFACTORIES. 
 
 This business had its inception in 1840 ; the capital now 
 is $130,000, number of hands employed, 150, whose wages 
 will reach $75,000. 
 
 SCRAP IRON. 
 
 Capital invested, $200,000, number of employees, 150, 
 whose wages will reach $75,000! 
 
 AXLES. 
 
 $70,000 invested in this line of business, employing 150 
 hands, whose wages will reach $75,000 per annum. 
 
64 
 BELLS. 
 
 This business was established in 1832, and Pittsburgh 
 bells are well known in almost all parts of the country. 
 Capital, $40,000, employing 50 persons, wages per annum, 
 $25,000. 
 
 TOYS. 
 
 Six wholesale and a number of retail firms are engaged 
 in this business, representing a capital of $250,000, employ- 
 ing 50 hands, whose wages will reach $20,000. 
 
 OPTICAL GOODS. 
 
 Capital invested, $50,000, hands employed, 30, wages 
 per annum, $15,000. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 The firms from whom we are unable to secure the 
 necessary information, the capital has been estimated at 
 $700,000, employing 700 persons, wages $350,000. Ship- 
 ments in and out, 50,000 tons. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 What we are : The tonnage is greater than that of any city 
 in the Union. We possess the largest chimney factory ; a table- 
 ware manufactory of the greatest capacity ; the largest plate 
 glass works ; the largest crucible steel plant ; the most ex- 
 tensive bessemer steel plant; the most wonderful cork works 
 and the greatest pickle manufactory in the world. We pro- 
 duce about 15 per cent, of the pig iron, 65 per cent, of the 
 coke, one-half of the pressed glass, one-fourth of the window 
 glass, one-half of the plate glass, 40 per cent, of the coal and 
 one-third of the paper sacks in the United States. Financial 
 standing of the best. Pittsburgh is truly a city to be proud 
 of, and its record is beyond question. 
 
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