UC343 .A43 K4 ^-^^-S^'>^;^f i-;# ^> 1918a *. i. - J v^rj.; -^ *->:•. -. v, ,--7' :-W^ P&'-- ■r^l'^fM 'l^^'^ '-f' REGULATIONS [ Motorcycle Transportation -FOR- I QUARTERMASTER CORPS I U. S. ARMY. Compiled by the Motor Division Quartermaster Corps. War Plans Division April, 1918. Class -Ll'-C^JS.^JS^ "^ii^ a^ REGULATIONS —FOR— Motorcycle Transportation QUARTERMASTER CORPS U. S. ARMY. Compiled by the Motor Division Quartermaster Corps. War Plans Division April, 1918. Wae Depaetment Document No. 780 Office of the Adjutant General. n. df B. MAV 13 ]920 WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, April 2, 1918. The following pampWet, entitled "Regulations for Motorcycle Transportation, Quartermaster Corps, U. S. Army," is published for the information and guidance of all concerned. (062.12 A. G. O.) B r OEDKR OF THE SeCEETAEY OF WAR : PEYTON C. MARCH, . Major General, Acting Chief of Staff. Official: H. P. McCain, The Adjutant General. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page Composition of a motorcycle company. — Organiza- tion _ _-.._ _ 7 Advice to company commanders..... 10 How to organize a motorcycle company.... 14 Duties of individuals 16 Routine 21 Motorcycle Co.. 23 Precautions against fire 27 How to drive 28 Extracts from British articles — -What the D. R. should know ...: 35 Care and upkeep 36 Dont's to prevent trouble..... ....* 36 Tactical formations 38 Visual and whistle signals 40 Camp and bivouac — Plan for motorcycle camp 42 Road and route marching . 44 Notes on work at depot and base' transporting supplies 47 Useful motorcycle data , 49 Records 50 Records of personnel.. 51 Records of property 52 Records of operation and maintenance 52 Subjects for instruction and for use in weekly in- spections 54 A desirable spare parts stock record 59 Front of card 59 Back of card... 60 Appendices...- :.... 63 Model ''A" — Consolidated motor record 65 Model "B" — -Driver's daily motorcycle report 66 Model ^'C— Cost record 67 "A" — Supplied by the Adjutant General's De- partment '. 68 "B" — Supplied by the Quartermaster Corps 70 "C" — Supplied by the Ordnance Department 73 Miscellaneous books and publications... .*._.. 74 Property common to all companies 1 - 74 (a) Ordnance property 74 (b) Medical property 76 (c) Quartermaster property _.._ 76 (d) Unit motorcycle equipment 76 (e) Miscellaneous _ 77 (f ) Signal property _ _. 79 (g) Engineer property _.. 79 Suggested form for order for motorcycle. 79 Tests of candidates for appointment as drivers or for transfer to Quartermaster Corps... 89 Practical examination. _.._. 81 Practical questions. 81 Previous experience 82 Personal record 83 Memorandum _ 84 Ratings.. , 85 Classes 85 Practical questions for a test... 86 Driving test 87 Ratings 87 Classes 88 Suggested form of inspection sheet 88 Engines.—. 88 Fuel system 88 Ignition system 89 Clutch .... 89 Gears ..- 89 Control system 89 Running gear and frame.:.... 90 Lighting system..... _ 90 Miscellaneous.- 91 Harley-Davidson tools ..-. 92 Indian tools insert facing page 105 Composition of a Motorcycle Company ORGANIZATION 1. Personnel: 1st Lieutenant— ..— 1 2nd Lieutenant 1 1st Sergeant (cyclemaster) 1 Sergeants Q. M. C 5 Corporal Q. M. C 1 Cook 1 Privates, 1st class — - .....30 Total 40 2. Transportation: 32 Motorcycles with side cars. 2 Auto trucks, % ton capacity, pneumatic tires. Note. — Motorcycles desired for use on messenger duty may have side cars detached temporarily while on that duty. 3. Assignment and Duties: 1st Lieutenant (commanding company).. 2nd Lieutenant (supply officer). 1st Sergeant (cyclemaster). Sergeants Q. M. C. (1 mess sergeant and supply sergeant, 1 sergeant mechanic, 3 section com- manders). Note. — Mess sergeant and supply sergeant may take charge of a section in absence of regular section leader. Corporal, Q. M. C. (company clerk). Cook (company cook). Privates, 1st class (chauffeurs). 4. The company shall consist of four sections, as follows : b MOTORCYCLE TRANSPORTATION. (a) Headquarters section : 1 1st Lieutenant, 1 motorcycle and side car. 1 2nd Lieutenant, 1 motorcycle and side car. 1 1st Sergeant (cyclemaster), 1 motorcycle and side car. 1 Sergeant (mechanic), 1 motorcycle and side car. 1 Corporal, 1 motorcycle and side car. 1 Cook (on truck). 1 Mess and Supply sergeant (on truck). 3 Privates, 1st class, one as assistant mechanic (on truck). (b) Three sections, each consisting of: 1 Sergeant (section leader), 1 motorcycle and side car. 9 Privates, 1st class (chauffeurs), 8 motorcycles and side cars. ( One private, 1st class, in each section thus is avil- able for duty as assistant chauffeur, for guard, in- terior company duty and messenger work). 5. The motorcycle company is normally organized into three sections of nine motorcycles, each section under command of an assistant cyclemaster. The ser- vice motorcycles not forming an integral part of the three sections are usually kept under the immediate orders of the cycle master. When the company is not operating as a train, one side car will be desig- nated by the cyclemaster to carry necessary spare parts, oil and gas. GENERAL. 6. It is difficult to impress upon users of motor transportation in our service that motorcycles, cars and trucks are property of the United States and as such should be given the same care and attention as the rifle or any other article of equipment. As the cavalryman cares for his pistol, his rifle and his horse, either one, which alone may save the soldier's life at some crucial moment, so should the motorcylist care for his rifle, pistol, or motorcycle. 7. Attention is invited to the provisions of law and Army Regulations that only commissioned officers of MOTOKCYCLE TRANSPOETATION. • 9 the Regular Army, National Army, or militia, duly mustered into the service of the United States, are authorized to hold or account for Government prop- erty. 8. In each company the division of responsibility with reference to operation, repair and upkeep of the mechanical equipment should be established by the company commander and published in a company order, so that each member of the company shall be thoroughly familiar therewith. 9. The general practice is to make each driver and assistant driver responsible for the operation, re- pair and upkeep of the motorcycle and equipment, as well as all other property assigned him. The extent of the repairs that he should be required to make depends much on the ability of the personnel. In general, however, this will extend to what may be classed as minor repairs, not requiring a more exten- sive mechanical knowledge than is possessed by the ordinary motorcycle driver. Work in the motor, igni- tion and lighting system or on the interior mechanism of running parts should normally be done under the direct supervision of the mechanic. Aside from this, it is better to determine the proficiency of the individual driver or chief of section before permitting any repairs, except the most simple, to be performed by them. 10. It is highly essential that all members of the company be thoroughly instructed in driving and car- ing for the motorcycle with side car and that they be thoroughly proficient in driving a solo motorcycle under most severe road conditions. It is especially desirable that the officers of the company become expert in riding a solo motorcycle under all conditions, as they can more easily keep in touch with all ele- ments of a column on the march, and it is frequently desirable to dispatch a verbal message, the import- ance of which makes it essential that the message be carried by an officer. 11. All members of the company should be thor- oughly trained in tandem riding with a solo motor- cycle. This method of riding should be used only in training, except in case of urgent necessity. 10 MOTORCYCLE TRANSPOETATION. ADVICE TO COMPANY COMMANDERS. 12. Great care should be taken to observe regula- tions as to speed and as to rules of tbe road, and all concerned will acquaint themselves with these regula- tions for the particular locality in which the com- pany operates. 13. If, while in use on official business, a motor vehicle be stopped by a police officer, or if otherwise there be interference by state or other local authori- ties because of failure to make registration and pay such special tax, the officer or employee should give full information as to ownership and use of the vehicle and the instructions under which operated, and to courteously request that there be no further interference. In case measures are then resorted to by state or local authorities to obstruct or prevent the proper use of such agencies or instrumentalities of the United States, full report will at once be made to the Adjutant General of the Army, with a view to submitting the matter to the Department of Justice for such legal action as it may deem necessary to vindicate and make clear the rights of the United States in that regard. 14. The foregoing instructions do not apply to motor vehicles owned by officers and others in the military service which are used for private purposes. Such vehicles come strictly within the laws and regu- lations as established by state or other local authori- ties. 15. Never allow a cutout to be used except in countries sparsely populated. Keep mufflers repaired and in working order at all times. The cutout gives less than a fraction of % per cent more power by actual test. The noise made when the cutout is open or muffler not working properly is a nuisance to every one, and in addition, the exhaust of the gases, striking the roadway at a point where the rear wheel has at that instant agitated the dirt, raises excessive clouds of dust, making it disagreeable and dangerous to the driver in rear. The practice is a favorite one with motorcycle drivers and one which must be suppressed by punishinents if necessary, MOTOECYCLE TRANSPOETATION. 11 16. Keep an accurate check on gasoline and lubri- cating supplies. It is a favorite practice to use gaso- line for many things other than fuel, namely cleaning the motor of grease and dirt. Mineral oil serves the purpose of cleaning the motor of dirt and grease just as well, is far less expensive and more abundant, and will not ruin the enamel on a motor body as will gasoline. There is also a tendency to dispose of gaso- line illegally. The gasoline supply should be placed in the immediate charge of a responsible man, desig- nated by the company commander. This man should make a record of all receipts and issues, showing where received from and number of motor to which the supplies are issued. Check your warehouse or depot receipts with the' issues of the man, as well as a record of consumption as taken from the driver report. Careful handling of minute details of this nature prevents troubles later on of a much larger nature. This care of property should extend to all tools, machinery and equipment. Make personal checks of the property at frequent intervals not only to satisfy yourself that your company equipment is com- plete, to detect theft and loss, and also to keep the equipment in a servicable condition. Many articles of the equipment, which you have, meet with a ready sale in the market and in the absence of this close personal supervision by the company commander you will find your property and equipment gradually dis- appearing. 17. Do not allow motors to run while motorcycles are at rest. This is a very common practice and diffi- cult to stop. Frequently a motor is hard to start, and to avoid starting it, a driver will permit his motor to run for long periods of time rather than to stop and start again. This practice, in addition to wasting gas- oline, may result very disastrously in actual field ser- vice. Your motorcycle motor is air-cooled and it depends largely upon coming in contact with cool air to insure proper radiation and cooling. Hence, if the motor runs while the motorcycle is standing still, it constantly throws off waves of hot air but does not come in contact with any cool air and very rapidly becomes superheated. Motorcycle motors should never 12 MOTORCYCLE TEANSPOETATION. be run on the stand, or while the motorcycle is stand- ing for longer than one minute, and then never at an excessive rate of speed. Stamp out this practice of running motors on the stand for long periods of time under the guise of "testing" the carburetor, etc. When motors are tested at the factories, a large elec- tric fan forces a current of cool air directly against the cylinders as long as they run on the stand. When possible, all motors in a -shop undergoing repairs should be tested under an electric fan to prevent super- heating. 18. Always remember that your motto should be "service". Don't lose sight of the mission of your com- pany by getting too much interested in the working of the motorcycle mechanism. 19. The practice of "circus" riding on motorcycles should be strictly prohibited. While several "feats" are possible on motorcycles, the acquiring of skill along these lines should be confined to actual necessi- ties in training and qualification tests. 20. The details of repair and upkeep of motorcycles will be found in manuals published by the manufac- turers of the motorcycles. These manufacturers will gladly furnish you sufficient copies of this pamphlet to supply the needs of your company. Very valuable pamphlets on the basic principles of gas engines may be obtained from the Army Service Schools, Book Department, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, at a very nominal sum. The pamphlets, furnished by the manu- facturers, should be studied very carefully and each member of the company should, from this booklet, familiarize himself with the working mechanism of his machine. It is incumbent upon the company com- mander that the principles laid down in this booklet be thoroughly understood, properly enforced and car- ried out. These booklets are prepared by experienced men who have worked with the motorcycle from its inception, and have incorporated very valuable infor- mation that has been gathered from the motorcycle companies that first operated on the Mexican Border when the Army motorcycle was in the experimental stage. Inspections should be frequently made to see that the provisions of the instruction pamphlet are MOTORCYCLi: TEANSPORTATION. 13 being carried out. System can only be used in tliese inspections, and the form attached to end of this cliapter is recommended for guidance of the company commander, together with such additions as he may deem necessary to add. In addition to the frequent inspection of machines, inspections should be made each week in accordance with Army Regulations, of all equipment in the company. This inspection should be identical with full field equipment inspection pre- scribed for line troops. Daily inspections should be made of mess, kitchen, tents or barracks and shops, also latrines and baths, including surrounding grounds. 21. Proper and continuous inspection is the most efficient way to keep the equipment in proper shape. 22. Smoking while driving is strictly prohibited. It does not increase efficiency and is highly conducive to accidents. 23. Prevent drivers deliberately causing their motors to back fire by retarding the spark and alter- nately throwing the throttle on and off. It is annoy- ing and is harmful to the motor. 24. Instruct all new drivers on a side car machine, and have them later become proficient on the solo machine. Have them familiarize themselves with driving as many different types of motorcycles as you can gain access to. 25. Create enthusiasm and competition among your men by publishing monthly the comparative record of cost and milage on each machine. 26. Carry on instruction in : School of the soldier and squad. Discipline, salutes, delivering messages. Articles of war, crimes and punishments. Interior economy, pay, messing. Allottments, war risk insurance. First aid, physical drills. Hygiene and sanitation. 27. When time permits give instructions in the following : Trench warfare, bombing, grenade throwing, gas work, gas masks, map reading and making, cooking, liasson, guard duty. 28. Hold a driver pecuniarily responsible for avoid- 14 MOTORCYCLE TRANSPORTATION. able accidents. When crossing a railroad track at a grade crossing, or at any other dangerous place, sta- tion a man during the entire passage of the company to insure the safety of the vehicles. HOW TO ORGANIZE A MOTORCYCLE COMPANY. 29. In organizing a motorcycle company, the prin- cipal problems involved may be grouped into two classes — administrative and mechanical. 30. First. — Upon receipt of his orders the officer who has been designated to organize a motorcycle company should assemble his subordinates, namely, his cyclemaster, assistant cyclemaster, mechanic and assistants, clerk, property sergeant, and mess ser- geant. If these men have not been so designated in the order, tentative appointments should then and there be made, because your orders must be enforced through these assistants. Outline your instructions to these men now before you and announce your policy. 31. Quarters. — If quarters have not already been assigned to your company, either camp or barrack, ascertain the space allotted your company and take your subordinates there, point out the section assigned to the camp, and locate the park for your motorcycles. This park should be adjacent to the camp. Make requisition on local quartermaster or train supply officer for tentage and bedding, mess and kitchen out- fit, and sufficient gas, oil, cup grease, and such other supplies as may be necessary for the immediate main- tenance of the company for a limited time. Give this to your property sergeant ; tell him to take a truck and go to the warehouse or depot and draw same. Meanwhile instruct the clerk to prepare a ration return for your signature, get it approved, turn it over to the mess sergeant, give him a truck, and in- struct him to go to the subsistence depot and draw his rations. During this talk with your executive "staff" designate the location of the latrine and bath and start construction of same. Explain briefiy the requirements as to dress, conduct, cleanliness, and sanitation, as well as mechanical operations of motor- cycles, speed limits, loading, etc. The clerk should be MOTOKCYCLE TEANSPOETATION. 15 should be told of the importance of the company rec- ords, shown what they are, and how to submit them, ticable, be set aside for use as an office. The clerk should be told of the importance of the company re- cords, shown what they are, and how to submit them. The mess sergeant should be instructed regarding the ration, its components, method of making issues, sales and savings, sanitation of his kitchen and mess hall. The property sergeant should be impressed with the importance of his duties and of requiring a complete record of each property transaction, in order that the interest of the government, as well as of the captain, may be protected. This may best be done by requir- ing a signed receipt for everything issued, either to a section or to an individual. 32. This will require the greater part of one day and nothing else should be done until the company is completely housed and adequate arrangements have been made for subsisting the company. If cooks have not been found, either secure them or make adequate messing arrangements for your personnel. It is no use getting all your men till you can take care of them. You will, however, probably have to use a great deal of speed in all your actions. 33. Next. — With your cyclemaster, the assistant cyclemaster, the mechanic, and the property sergeant, proceed to check up the motorcycles and other prop- erty with memorandum receipts already received. At this time the property sergeant should start his prop- erty account on memorandum receipt. Then assign assistant cyclemasters to section and drivers to motor- cycles, making each driver sign a memorandum receipt for his motorcycle and the property pertaining thereto. At this time give your instructions to assistant cycle- masters and mechanics as outlined elsewhere. Now move your motorcycles into the park designated, plac- ing them either in line or in column of sections de- pending upon the size of the park and the allotted terratn. Establish a guard at once to protect both the company quarters and motorcycle park. 34. General Remarks. — Require at least one daily roll-calLat which all men are present and answer to tlieir naaies,- 4his roll to be called by the cyclemaster 16 MOTOECYCLE TEANSPOETATION. in person, who reports the result to the company commander. 35. Issue orders prohibiting intoxicants in camp. Unless orders are given on the subject, soldiers will accumulate much excess personal baggage. This must be restricted to such small amount as may be carried in trunk locker or barrack bag. 36. The most important requisite, however, is to impress on your personnel the sense of organization and the duties and responsibilities of each man. The cyclemaster and assistants must understand their authority and responsibilities, and must be required to exercise both. The company commander must utilize his time in directing and supervising the general work. Unless he requires his subordinates to do their proper share of the details, he will not have much suc- cess in perfecting his organization. DUTIES OF INDIVIDUALS. 37. The administration of a motorcycle company is identical with that of a company, troop or battery. The company commander is responsible for the opera- tion, supply and discipline of his command. He is assisted by the cyclemaster, whose duties are anal- ogous to those of a first sergeant. The cyclemaster is the executive and sees that all orders or instructions are properly carried out. 38. Each assistant cyclemaster is responsible for the discipline of the men of his section, and for the proper operation and upkeep of the equipment assigned thereto. All orders or instructions to various members of a section should be given to the assistant cyclemas- ter in charge thereof and he should be held rigidly accountable for the condition and operation of his section* 39. The assistant mechanics are under the super- vision of the sergeant mechanic, who should be under the immediate supervision of the cyclemaster.* They perform such mechanical work as the company com- mander may direct. 40. The mess sergeant has general charge of the mess, and the cooks are under his supervision. He MOTORCYCLE TRANSPOETATION. 17 has control of all material and supplies for the com- pany and. is accountable for their proper issue and use. He is assisted in the care and issue of property by one of the assistant chauffeurs, or by chauffeur of the light truck. The company clerk keeps all records of personnel, property and operation, and performs such other duties as the company commander may require. 41. One private, 1st class, preferably an unassigned driver, should be detailed to have charge of all re- ceipts and issues of oil and gasoline and should make a daily report to the supply sergeant, showing issues to each machine by number. This is essential to the proper keeping of the cost record and to prevent gas- oline and oil being used for unofficial purposes or from being illegally disposed of. 42. The motorcycles of each section are under the direct supervision of the assistant cyclemasters, who are held responsible for their repair and upkeep in their respective sections. Likewise the mechanic, assisted by the assistant mechanics, has general super- vision over the mechanism of the motorcycle equip- ment, as well as the detailed repair work devolving on them. 43. The various phases of these duties are specified in more detail below: (a) Duties of Drivers. — He keeps his motorcycle and equipment clean and in proper repair and working order. In order to do this, he utilizes his spare time while not on duty and does not wait until his motor- cycle reaches the park after a days work. He should be especially cautioned to attend to the proper lubrica-^ tion of all parts of the motorcycle mechanism, and to promptly report any defects noted and repairs needed. Attention should be given to oiling springs and spring shackles, rocker arms, bell cranks and joints daily. In transporting supplies in side cars, he will see that the motorcycle is not overloaded, i. e., that the maxi- mum spring load, including driver, is not in excess of 500 lbs., and that any load is properly secured in place, and he will ordinarily be responsible for the safe delivery of such load. He should be familiar with the mecliaijjsro of his motorcycle and its proper 18 MOTOECYCLE TEANSPOETATION. operation, and for this purpose he should be thor- oughly familiar with the contents of instruction book issued by the manufacturers of the motorcycle. The driver should be required to appear in proper uniform at all times when on duty and should be properly dressed while driving. It is desirable, if possible, to carry a suit of fatigue clothing which should be worn when repair work is necessary on the motor, to pre- serve the outer uniform clothing. All work in the park should be performed in fatigue clothing. 44. (b) Duties of Assistant Drivers. — He assists the driver and relieves him in the care and operation of the motorcycle to which he is assigned, unless otherwise directed. 45. (c) Duties of Assistant Gyclemaster. — Each assistant cyclemaster is responsible for discipline, instruction and all other matters pertaining to the personnel of his section, for the operation, repair and upkeep of the equipment assigned thereto. He is the intermediary between the men of his section and the cyclemaster or company commander. His supervision extends to all the details connected with his section, including police and sanitation of tents and barracks, seeing that his men are properly equipped with neces- sary articles, including clothing, tools, etc. All orders for his section, either to the various members of his personnel or to the units of his equipment, should be given to him. He should assure himself that his sec- tion is in proper condition at all times by making regular, frequent and systematic inspections of his men and their equipment. He should examine all motor- cycles on return from their work and see that drivers have taken proper care of same and that proper re- pairs are made. In his absence from any cause, an acting chief of section should have been previously designated in company orders to perform his duty. 46. (d) Duties of Mechanic and Assistant Me- chanics. — The practice in reference to mechanics varies in different companies according to local cir- cumstances. The mechanic should be held generally responsible that proper repairs are made. He is in charge of repairs, tools and equipment of . the machinjes. He. should sign to . the. property sergeaot MOTOECYCLE TEANSPOETATION. 19 for tools and equipment used in his work, and issue it properly to assistant mechanics as he deems advan- tageous. He should be held responsible that these tools and equipment are properly maintained, and that any damages, shortages or losses are properly ac- counted for. Normally, he should see that the assis- tant mechanics are properly qualified, or if necessary, should instruct them in their work. When assistant mechanics are assigned to sections, especially if they, are detached from the company, the assistant cycle- master becomes responsible for the assistant mechanics- and they perform their work and duties under him. The assistant cyclemaster should, therefore, be fami- liar with the instruction book issued by the motor- cycle manufacturers, and see that his assistant me- chanics are likewise thoroughly familiar with their duties. 47. (e) Mess and Property Sergeant. — He is re- sponsible for all supplies and equipment not actually issued to individuals. He is, however, responsible that all issues of property are properly receipted for by individuals to whom issued. He keeps the store- room clean and in proper order, and should have a list up to date of all property and disposition of same. All dealings with the quartermaster or supply officer not requiring the personal intervention of the company commander should be carried on by him. The second lieutenant of the company will normally act as supply officer of the company, be accountable for the prop- erty thereof, and the mess and property sergeant will act under his orders. He has direct charge of the mess hall, kitchen and all dealings pertaining thereto, including supervision over the cooks and other men working therein. He draws the rations, sees that they are properly used, makes up bills of fare for the mess, sees that the kitchen, mess hall, ration room and premises adjacent to the kitchen and mess hall are kept in a sanitary condition at all times, and that all orders in reference thereto are properly executed. His authority to contract debts or expend money from the company or other fund should be specifically laid down by the company commander, carefully watched 20 MOTORCYCLE TRANSPORTATION. and checked at frectuent intervals by the company commander. 48. (f) Duties of Company Clerk. — He has charge of all records, reports and correspondence of the com- pany. Other duties for him are prescribed by the com- pany commander, according to local conditions. 49. (g) Duties of Cyclemaster. — He is the first ser- geant of the company, and in enlisted companies he should so be habitually called. He is the executive of the company. He sees that all orders, regulations and other requirements are properly carried out; that all men perform their duty properly, and reports to the company commander any cases of neglect or viola- tion of orders requiring disciplinary action. He should be a man chosen more for his administrative and executive ability and his efficiency in handling men than for his absolute mechanical knowledge. The mechanic may well be chosen for his ability as a mechanic, irrespective of his ability to handle men. The first sergeant should be a man of force, as his primary duty is to maintain proper discipline for the efficient operation of the company. 50. (h) Duties of Company Commander. — He is responsible for everything connected with the opera- tion and maintenance of his company. He should bear constantly in mind that his company is a trans- port organization in the service of the United States, and in making all decisions on a course of action, he should realize that its mission is determined by that fact. In addition to seeing that all the members of his command properly perform their duties, the following points are noted that call for special attention on his part : 51. Prevent Speeding of Motorcycles. — Publish in company orders a speed limit which should be not in excess of 20 miles per hour for motorcycles with side cars and 25 miles per hour for solo motorcycles, ex- cept in cases of emergency. The company commander, or in his absence, the cyclemaster, will be the judge as to when the emergency exists and will so indicate to the drivers. Keep close supervision over this and let no offender go unpunished. This is a practice very difficult to suppress, and it is very destructive to MOTORCYCLE TEANSPOETATION. 21 motorcycles mechanism, extremely conducive to acci- dents, and markedly destructive to discipline. Punish all violations of speed regulations with a heavy hand, and deal most severely with second- time offenders. Motorcycles are built for speed, but it should be used only when necessary. Except in emergency cases, speed must conform to the speed laws of the locality in which the company operates. Any city or county oflicial will gladly furnish the company commander with copies of their local motor vehicle traffic regula- tions. These should be secured, and their contents made known to the members of the company upon arrival in a new camp, 52. Many of the states, territories and municipali- ties provide for the registration of motor vehicles operated within their limits, and impose a special tax upon such vehicles through fees for permits, licenses or for identification tags. By decision of the United States Supreme Court, it is held to be settled law that the property of the United States and the instru- mentalities whereby it performs its proper govern- mental functions, cannot be taxed. All officers of the Army are therefore instructed as follows upon this subject : 53. It is not necessary to procure such license to cover the use of a motor vehicle owned by the Govern- ment, or operated exclusively by officers or employees of the Government for official purposes only. The use of public funds for the procurement of any license for a motor vehicle or for purchase of motor identifi- cation tags, supplied by civil authorities, is hereby prohibited. If, for their own convenience, local offi- cials are willing to provide a license and furnish suit- able state identification tags or plates without charge, or in no way involving an expenditure, the same will be accepted and placed in use with the vehicle for which issued, along with the plates furnished by the Government, ROUTINE, 54. The following account of the daily routine of a motorcycle company assumes that the organization is 22 MOTORCYCLE TRANSPORTATION. operating in a camp as a unit, or is attached to a train, brigade or division headquarters. The hours for reveille and breakfast should be prescribed to conform to those in use by other organizations serv- ing in the camp. The nature of the duties of the com- pany may require the company commander to pre- scribe an earlier hour for reveille and breakfast. After breakfast, tents should be rolled up, weather permitting, bunks properly made up, and tents thor- oughly cleaned. The drivers then proceed to the park and see that their motorcycles are in proper condition for the day's work. The motorcycles are sent out in ample time to arrive at the appointed place for their day's work. The responsibility that machines report for duty at the proper time and place should be placed on the chiefs of section. When a detail requires six or more machines at one place, or if the conditions of roads and traffic are unduly severe, the assistant cycle- master of that section should accompany the detail and assume charge. Company commanders should make inspections of the machines at work, if possible to do so. When a motorcycle returns to the park after a day's work, it should be thoroughly gone over by the driver and the assistant cyclemaster of his section, put the machine in shape for immediate future use by making necessary minor repairs, filling tanks, etc. All machines should have gas and oil tanks filled, lamps filled, if oil is used, full gas tanks if such are used, grease cups filled, rocker arms, bell cranks and all other parts oiled, and the machine in general should be ready for another day's service before park- ing for the night. 55. The filling with gasoline and oil is done under the supervision of the man designated by the com- pany commander for this purpose. The man so desig- nated should be held responsible that proper precau- tions are taken to guard against fire. Instructions concerning "Fire Orders" will be found in another chapter herein, 56. One roll call, at least, will be made daily by the cyclemaster who will report the results to the company commander. The object of this roll call is MOTOECYCLE TRANSPOETATION. 23 to account for every member of tlie company's per- sonnel and each machine assigned to the company. 57. All motorcycle drivers leaving the park with their machines will be provided with a work card of the following general form : MOTOECYCLE Co. (a ) No.... Date ..-. -. ( b ) Motorcycle No ( c) Driver ( d) Left park - (e) Returned to park (f) Reported for duty - (g) Dismissed from duty (h) (Signature of officer using motorcycle). 58. A'oie. — Lines a, h, and c, to be filled in by officer under whom the motorcycle has operated during the day. Lines d, e, f, to be filled in by driver of motor- cycle. Lines g and h to be filled in by assistant cycle- master. Drivers will not leave park without first having secured one of these work cards. Drivers will not report back to park without having work card signed by officer using motorcycle. When more than one motorcycle leaves the park under the cyclemaster or assistant cyclemaster this form will be used by the non-commissioned officer in charge, one card for each section or portion of section under a non-com- missioned officer. 59. These work cards, after being completely filled out and turned in to the section chief, should be filed by the company clerk, the cards being filed daily for future reference. The company commander should determine the length of time these cards should re- main on file before being destroyed. 60. The other routine work is carried on according to circumstances that vary so greatly that more definite description thereof would be without profit. 61. Whenever practicable for purpose of instruction and discipline and for purpose of making personnel available for use in emergencies, a motorcycle company should be given general instruction in Infantry Drill Regulations up to and including school of the company. 24 MOTOKCYCLE TRANSPOETATION. 62. Mechanical Equipment. — The equipment per- taining to a motorcycle company consists of two gen- eral classes: (a) motor vehicles, spare parts thereof and other special motor equipment ; (b) other property that is common to all troops, batteries and companies. 63. (a) Motor Vehicles, Etc. — The motor vehicles assigned to a company will be one of the various standard manufactured motorcycles approved by the quartermaster general. This same condition obtains with reference to the trucks assigned to a company. The details of this equipment vary according to the specific make of motorcycle, and there is no general list of equipment that covers all these types. This specific list, however, will be given in the invoices or other record of property furnished the company com- mander when he receives the motor vehicles assigned to his company. In addition to this invoice, he should procure the printed publications issued by the manu- facturer of the motorcycle, which ordinarily include detailed instructions as to their care, operation and upkeep, and a parts list, giving the serial or manu- facturer's number of each part. 64. All equipment pertaining to each motorcycle shall be stenciled with letters and figures, and metal parts should be so stamped as to clearly designate the motorcycle to which they belong, also the company number. 65. Letters to be 2 inches in height. Letters of same height as numerals will appear on both sides of gasoline tank in black weatherproof enamel as follows: Q. M. C. When side cars are used, the numerals indicated above, together with the letters Q. M. C, will appear on the side car body in the rear center. Tank lettering and numbering will be similar to the following : 66. 301-12 hidian Q. M. C. on left half of tank and Q. M. C. Indian 301-12 on the right half. This indi- cates Motorcycle Company No. 301, and machine num- ber 12 of that company. The lettering on the rear center of side car body will be as follows : Q. M. C. 301 12 MOTOECYCLE TRANSPORTATION. 25 67. Machines not assigned to a company but under a post or camp commander, will be lettered as above, omitting the number of the company, thus having aU motorcycles of one camp with a single series of num- bers. 68. When type or design of the vehicle does not offer the space designated above for stenciling, the lettering shall be placed in the most conspicuous space available decided on by the commanding officer. 69. Motorcycles assigned to headquarters of divi- sions and brigades may use the designations : 5 D, to indicate 5th division. 3 B, 3rd brigade. 29, No. 29. 70. All storm covers, if provided, should be sten- ciled as indicated for side car bodies. 71. Company commanders will personally verify the serial number with invoices. 72. Each company should also keep a list of the manufacturer's number of the following parts and accessories installed on each vehicle : Manufacturer's number of chassis, S. C. Manufacturer's number of motor. Manufacturer's number of battery. Manufacturer's number of magneto. Manufacturer's number of each tire. Manufacturer's number of each presto-lite tank. This is for the purpose of identifying these articles if lost or stolen, which is a very common occurrence. 78. Each member of the company will be assigned a number and each article of personal or unit equip- ment issued to an individual will be marked with the number assigned him. 74. Articles will be marked as prescribed by exist- ing regulations of the War Department. 75. All articles of general equipment wall be plainly marked with the company designation. The letters MCG will be used to indicate "Motor Cycle Company," in marking articles of personal, unit and general equip- ment. Example of marking as follows : MCC 18 will indicate "Motor Cycle Company 18". 26 MOTORCYCLE TRANSPORTATION. 70. The number assigned the individual to whom equipment is issued will be placed either above or below the MCC 18. 77. In marking articles of ordnance equipmeni. marking will be as follows : MCC IS US c56 78. All marks and numbers will be neatly stenciled in black, using standard stencil sets for this purpose. Marking with ink, indelible pencil, etc., by individuals is strictly prohibited, and the value of the articles so mutilated will be charged to the individual. 79. Articles of equipment which cannot be marked by stenciling will be stamped with a steel die, a set of which is included in each company equipment. 80. Kequisitions will be submitted by motorcycle company commanders to the supply train commander or other supply department at the station where they may be serving, and when detached, through the quar- termaster of the station or organization to which the company is assigned to duty. 81. Kequisitions must be made on the proper form prescribed by each department by which the articles specified are supplied, and will be accounted for by the supply train supply officer in the manner prescribed by Army Regulations for accountabilty of property. 82. Requisitions for spare parts for motor-propelled vehicles will bear on the face of the requisition a statement showing the number of each article that is needed for immediate repairs and the number that is wanted for stock. 83. Articles lost, damaged or destroyed by careless- ness or lack of proper care on the part of the indi- vidual to whom issued, or who is responsible therefor, will be charged to the individual and the value thereof deducted from any pay or allowance which may be due at the time of next payment. 81. Articles which are worn out by fair wear and tear, or lost under circumstances which indicate that there was no carelessness or neglect on the part of MOTORCYCLE TKANSPORTATION. 27 the person responsible therefor, will be accounted for by survey, as prescribed in Army Regulations. 85. Officers in command of motorcycle companies are cautioned that proper care, supervision and fre- quent inspection of articles of equipment v^ill be re- quired of them. They will also be held to a strict accountability for the proper care of all articles of equipment. The provisions of the Army Regulations in regard to care of property will be enforced. PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE. 86. Gasoline must be handled with care and com- mon sense. Gasoline vaporizes easily, and as the vapor is heavier than air, it sinks to the ground. When filling the gasoline tank, be sure that there are no open lights or fire near. If the tank is to be filled at night, do not use a flame lamp. Use electric flash lamp. Do not use the gasoline funnel for any- thing else. 87. In case of fire do not try to put it out with water. The burning gasoline will float and spread the fire. Always keep a pail or two of sand handy and smother the flame with it. A fire extinguisher should also be kept at hand in the shop or in the motorcycle park. 88. In case of a motorcycle catching fire, the first think to do, if possible, is to turn off the supply cock from the tank to the carburetor and then push the motorcycle away from the blazing gasoline on the ground. / 89. Do not let a pool of gasoline drip from the carburetor when priming it, as a chance short circuit may give a spark that will set it on fire. 90. Keep all engine parts and under parts of vehicle clean, and the gasoline that drips onto these parts will soon evaporate, thereby greatly reducing the possibility of fire. 91. A waste can will be kept in shop and in park. All oily, greasy, and inflamable waste or rags will be placed therein, and not left lying on benches or floor. The soiled waste can be washed in gasoline and used several times, thereby reducing expenditures if it is carefully placed in cans until convenient to clean. 28 MOTORCYCLE TEANSPOETATION. « . HOW TO DRIVE. 92. Keep constantly in mind the fact that a report is kept in each company of the expenditures on each motorcycle, and that your rapid promotion depends upon your efficiency. A driver whose motorcycle shows a large expenditure every month not only destroys his opportunity for promotion but also places himself in a position for reduction. 93. Never smoke while operating a motor vehicle, as a driver's hand should always be in a position to meet any emergency, and a sudden gust of wind will cause your vision to be obscured by ashes or smoke blowing in your eyes. 94. Sound your horn or other signaling device when rounding a corner, going around a standing vehicle, or passing a moving vehicle, as little precau- tions often prevent serious damage to your motor- cycle and injury to yourself. 95. Never loaf when starting on a trip, as this necessitates either speeding to make up lost time or arriving at your destination late, and either offense marks your efficiency and often prohibits you from holding a position of trust. 96. You will not intrust your life to a man that smoked in a room filled with high explosives. Neither do your superior officers care to trust a man who uses intoxicating liquors with a motor, as he not only endangers the safety of the motorcycle and his own life but also the lives of his passengers and pedestrians. 97. It is better to slow down and allow another moving vehicle to pass in front of you than to risk damage to your car and self. 98. Obtain a manufacturer's book of instructions for the motorcycle which you are driving and follow out the instructions as the manufacturer knows the requirements of the motorcycle better than you. 99. A driver shows his inability and lack of exper- ience by starting with a sudden jerk and stopping within 10 feet by sliding his wheels ; also by sounding his horn when unnecessary. 100. In company driving provide yourself with a pair of goggles, as they protect your eyes and avoid MOTORCYCLE TEANSPOETATION. 29 accident by preventing your eyes becoming irritated and being unable to see clearly. 101. Under no consideration allow your fellow driver to persuade you to ignore these rules and advice, as it is without a doubt the reason he holds no higher position than he does. 102. Learn to shift your gears without looking down at your shifting device, as your eyes should be on the road in front of you. 103. In case motorcycle is not provided with chains, rope wrapped around the wheels will make a good substitute. 104. Although you may be an experienced driver and have confidence that you can handle your motor- cycle under any circumstances, always make allow- ance for what the other person may do, who may not be so well qualified as yourself. 105. Stop where there is an accident, whether it is your fault or not. Render all the assistance possible, and as a safeguard get the names and addresses of witnesses. This is required by order in "Motorcycle Companies". 106. Excessive sounding of the horn is proof that the motorist is a novice. Sometimes, as in the presence of a frightened horse, it may be better not to use the horn at all. No accepted rules exist in regard to the meaning of horn blasts, but it is reason- able to assume that prolonged honking indicates that the motorcycle behind is going to pass and desires a clear road. Do not sound horn except when abso- lutely necessary. Careful driving is far superior to horn blasts. 107. Use of Headlights. — Do not use the electric headlights turned to the "bright" position when ap- proaching or passing a car, or other vehicle, on a* narrow road, unless you are traveling in the same direction. The light confuses them and may result in a serious accident. Headlights should be properly adjusted to comply with laws. In many States, glar- ing headlights are absolutely prohibited. 108. See charts for turning corners, passing, and other trallic regulations, and be sure you observe the 30 MOTOECYCLE TRANSPORTATION. laws. Figure in dollars and cents, it is cheaper for a motorist to be stopped by a highwayman than by an officer of the law. Orders in force in "Motorcycle Companies" hold driver responsible for accident, unless he can show that it was not his fault and that he could not possibly have avoided it. 109. Do not hog the middle of the street. Give the other fellow room to go by, and when he attempts to pass you do not speed up and perhaps crowd him into a safety zone. Rigid rule for motorcycles and motorcycle companies is to stay well on right of road. 110. Never use a cut-out. They are of no use, except possibly in high-powered racing cars on track. 111. Remember that your horn is just a few times worse than your cut-out. 112. In driving over muddy or sandy roads endeavor to keep the wheels on one side of solid ground if possible. Apply brakes gradually at all times. Locking the rear wheel by sudden application of brakes tears the tires and places a severe strain on the mechanism. The man who is careful on this point is very seldom seen making a figure 8 on the street when streets are slippery. 113. Never bring the motorcycle to a stop in deep sand, mud, or snow if it can be avoided. It may be easy to stop, but remember you have to start again. 114. In descending a steep grade, when you have a heavy load do not depend upon your brakes alone. Change to a lower gear, retard the spark, and allow your engine to act as a brake or air compressor. The motorcycle cannot go faster than the low gear will allow it. The brakes can be used to further retard the speed if necessary. 115. Should you be driving individually, — that is, not with a company — it is good practice to cut off ignition and retard throttle, using only the compres- sion in cylinders. As the motor will only be drawing air through it, the motor will be cooled. 116. Inspect your gasoline, oil, and oiling system frequently when driving over rough roads. Investi- gate all unusual noises about your motorcycle immed- iately; you can never tell what it may be or what MOTOECYCLE TEANSPOETATION. 31 serious damage may be done if the trouble is not remedied at once. 117. Do not, under any consideration, race motor by coasting fast with gears in mesh. Throw out clutcli and allow motorcycle to coast. 118. Do not become a magneto or carburetor fiend. There are a number of other parts of a motor or its different system that are more liable to be at fault ; look them over first. 119. Day dreaming is a dangerous practice. Keep your eyes to the front, be wide awake at all times. It is up to the man behind you to watch your rear, and you can save your motorcycle by watching your front. 120. A good motto to adopt in driving a motorcycle is to consider the other fellow, whether he be driving a motorcycle, car, truck, or wagon, an idiot. He may turn across the road ahead of you any moment; he may apply his brakes without signal and stop in the center of the road. Play "Safety First". 121. Watch your brakes and keep them adjusted and all moving parts lubricated. Some day you may need them in a hurry, and, if you take the proper care of them, they will respond to the treatment and "be there" when you need them. 122. Do not drive with a slipping clutch. It causes the motor to race and heat, the clutch plates (or fac- ing) to burn, and impairs the general efficiency of the motor. 123. If your motorcycle loses traction, do not race your engine and cause the wheels to spin, until they are buried in the sand or mud. Instead, put straw, burlap, brush, or any material beneath your wheels upon which they may gain traction. If they sink too deeply to make this possible, lift them up until they are on a level with the roadbed and fill in under them with flat stones. 124. If you come to a stream, first find the deptB of the water, and if it is such that it would cover the carburetor or the magneto, do not attempt to cross. In crossing streams where the water will not quite reach the magneto, it is well to cover the magneto to prevent it from becoming splashed with water. 32 MOTORCYCLE TRANSPORTATION. 125. Before starting on a trip see that gasoline tank, oil tank, grease and oil cups are filled. 126. Inspect your car for leaks in the fuel pipe connections or around oil pump, gas and oil tanks. 127. See that oil pump is in proper working order and all oil connections tight. 128. Before cranking motor, see that change-speed lever is in neutral position. 129. After engine is running, advance spark, and retard throttle to idling position. 130. Next throw out clutch by pressing clutch pedal and move gear-shift lever to first-speed position. Engage clutch gradually, which will allow the load to be picked up slowly and without jerking or injuring the car. Before changing to second speed, accelerate motor slightly, throw out clutch, and move speed lever to second speed position. On going to a higher gear the speed of engine should be diminished in relation to the speed ratio of the higher gear. 181. Should the gears clash do not attempt to force them in mesh. Let clutch in and then disen- gage it and shift gears quickly. This turns the clutch shaft and moves gears so the teeth will come in mesh. In changing to a lower gear slow car down to the lower gear ratio. Do not try to shift to a lower gear (which is going at a speed of 10 miles an hour) from high gear when you are going 25. You may strip the gears. 132. Most of the damage done to motorcycles by drivers can be laid to two causes — ignorance and carelessness — and neither will serve as an excuse. 133. When filling gasoline tank extinguish all lights having an open flame and do not have the engine run- ning. It is best to strain gasoline through a piece of fine cheesecloth instead of chamois, for this reason : At times the air is so heavily charged with electricity that the static current is induced in everything around the car. It needs but a slight friction to produce a spark, and a fire is the result. The use of chamois skin for straining of gasoline is prohibited. 134. Never allow your engine to race when changing gear. It is a useless and harmful practice which marks the ignorant driver. It does not get you any- MOTOECYCLE TEANSPOETATION. 33 where and will soon cause serious damage to the whole car from vibration. 185. In going up grades should your motor labor change to a lower gear at once. No good can be gained from whipping a tired horse ; he will only fall the sooner, and the same rule applies here. 136. Do not try to show some one what your motor- cycle can do by rushing grades or bad places in the road on high gear. This places a severe strain on the whole motorcycle. If the other fellow happens to be a good driver he will not be impressed with your driv- ing. Better show how far it will run than how fast. 1S7. Always change to the gear needed to take you up a steep grade before attempting it. Gear changing in the center of a steep grade places an added strain on all parts of the motorcycle, as it has to pick up the load from almost a standstill every time the gears are shifted. 138. Leaky tire valves can generally be cured by taking out the insides and wetting the rubber portion with the tongue. On screwing in the insides the valve will again hold the air pressure. 139. Leaks around the valve chaplet (winged por- tion of valve body where it is inside the tube) can generally be closed by using strips from a patch and free use of solution. Such leaks are due to valve body not entering squarely in rim hole and subjecting inner tube to a strain from the edges of the chaplet. See that the valve body enters the rim hole squarely and can be worked up and down with the fingers before putting in the clinch. The valve nut must be tight to the rim at all times after inflation to prevent creeping. 140. Advantage can be taken of rising ground (knolls, embankments, etc.) in making tire repairs by running the machine upon the same so that the weight will be taken off the injured tire. 141. Spread cloth or coat on ground close to man making tire repairs. All tools not in immediate use should rest on this cloth. When tube is removed it should be placed on cloth to prevent injury by dirt or grit. After affecting a repair, all tools used should be counted in. order to prevent loss. The tools on the 34 MOTOECYCLE TEANSPORTATION. cloth will keep them in sight at all times and facili- tate counting. 142. Taking Corners with Side Car Comhination. — Right Hand Corner — ^Approach turn at reduced speed. Press down clutch pedal on entering turn, swing han- dlebars to left and immediately engage clutch and give throttle. The combination will pivot on the side car wheel and proceed in the new direction with- out lifting the side car. Too much speed on entering a right hand turn will cause the side car to lift off the ground and may result in an upset. 143. Left Hand Corner. — ^Approach turn at reduced speed. Close throttle and swing handlebars to right, using the clutch and brake if necessary. The outfit will pivot on the motorcycle. Open throttle as the turn is completed and proceed as before. 144. Greater care in taking corners must be taken with an empty side car than with one having a pas- senger or load of goods. 145. Use the proper oil for your motor. Motor truck oil is generally not fit for use in motorcycle motors and may cause damage to the bearings. 146. Indian and Harley-Davidson clutches run dry. They don't need oil, so don't put any on them, except as per instruction books. Oil causes slipping. 147. Have your goggles with you and don't hesi- tate to use them. They protect your eyes and pre- vent accidents by your getting dust in the eyes and not seeing in time. 148. An injection of gasoline on an oily brake band will cure brake slipping. 149. Taping the spark plug and cable terminals will prevent short circuiting through water or rain. A section of small rubber hose or a nursing bottle nipple are also effective in the same places. 150. Light slushing oil or petrolatum put on bright parts of the motorcycle will prevent rusting. This does not apply to the motor. 151. Keep tires properly inflated at all times. Clean out all cuts with gasoline and put in tire putty or filler. Examine the patches in the tire kit from time to time to see that they will be in condition for use if needed. Repair all punctures promptly. MOTOECYCLE TRANSPOETATION. 35 EXTRACTS FROM BRITISH ARTICLES. What the D. R. Should Know. 152. Ideally, the despatch rider should know not only how an army is organized into army corps, divi- sions, brigades, and all the numerous smaller forma- tions but he should know by name, and if possible, by sight, all the generals, chief staff officers, heads of departments, and commanders of units throughout his division. This was a knowledge, which, in his case, had to be acquired here and there among the vicissi- tudes of strenuous and dangerous work in the field. 153. But though despatch riding has lost much of its excitement owing to the stationery conditions of warfare, these conditions are not likely to last indefinitely, and with the army once more on the move, the work of keeping touch between units on the march will again fall mainly to the despatch riders. Consequently, there is just the same need now as at the outbreak of war for choosing the right stamp of man for the work and advantage is being taken of the opportunity of giving despatch riders a thorough train- ing before they go abroad. 154. Men from eighteen to twenty-five years of age are the most suitable ; men over thirty are not- usually as good as younger men, and are said quickly to deteriorate. They should be intelligent, well edu- cated (if possible, linguists), and possess plenty of dash and initiative. They should have had a thor- oughly practical motorcycling experience on medium powered machines, and be able to ride really well, and should thoroughly understand the working of their mounts. 155. After this six weeks course a despatch rider should be proficient in : (a) Care of his machine. (b) Map reading and committing routes to memory. (c) Riding or driving a car or motorcycle. (d) Ordinary mechanical repairs to petrol engines and magnetos. (e) General knowledge of army work. 36 MOTOECYCLE TKANSPOETATION. CARE AND UPKEEP 1. Keep all parts of vehicle clean. Grease and oil collects dust and grit which cuts bearing and all mov- able parts. Mere external washing or hosing will not do. Dirt must be scraped off if necesary. This thor- ough washing and cleaning denotes the interest and pride the driver takes in the upkeep and appearance of his motorcycle. 156. Eliminate all squeaky and rattling noises, as a little oil or tightening of a bolt or nut not only will save the wear and breakage of same (which means eventually work on the driver's part of replacing parts), but also removes a source of annoyance. 157. Whenever you have your motorcycle out on duty and are waiting for orders, employ your spare time in looking after the adjustments to your motor- cycle. Utilize the first half to turn down all grease cups; other halts to tighten certain bolts, put in screws, or do the many minor adjustments to keep your motorcycle and equipment in absolutely A No. 1 shape. Then when you return to the park in the even- ing your motorcycle will be all fixed up and you will not have to do hurried or night work to get it in shape. Keep your motorcycle in perfect condition at all times. DONT'S TO PREVENT TROUBLE. 158. Do7i't Forget: That your position and pay depends upon satisfac- tory service. Your lubricating and fuel systems. That a squeak from your car means oil needed. To test your batteries every w^eek with a hydro- meter and in that way make sure your battery is ■ properly charged ; also examine the plates to see if they are covered with distilled water. Don't run without oil. "A word to the v>^ise is sufficient". Don't start to crank engine until sure change-speed lever is in neutral position. MOTORCYCLE TEAN SPORT ATION. Zl 159. Don't: Mix different grades of oils. Put lubricating oil on a leather-faced clutch. Run with the spark retarded. Coast downhill at high speed. Overload. Overspeed ; "slow, but sure," is the motto. Try to speed through bad roads ; it will be lost time in the end. Race with another motorcycle. Tijrn corners at high speed. Let the motors race when the motorcycle is stand- ing; a few minutes will do more damage than many miles of hard driving. Leave the motorcycle with the engine running. Let the clutch in suddenly; always engage it easily. Start or stop with a jerk. Put a new chain on a badly worn sprocket. Leave your extra tires exposed to the weather. See how close you can come to the other fellow's vehicle ; keep a safe distance. Drive fast past schoolhouses or other places where children are liable to dart out in front of you. Forget the condition of your brakes. Forget you do not own the highways ; others may care to use them. Forget the "man at the wheel" is responsible for anything that happens. Forget to use your brakes sparingly, and to adjust them when loose. Take chances; remember you are intrusted with property valued in hundreds of dollars. Forget the rules of the road, also traffic regulation. Ignorance of the law excuses no one. Stop the motorcycle in mud, deep sand, or w^et clay; you need traction to start again. Under any conditions let the engine labor. Examine carburetor or gasoline tank or engine with an open light ; use flash light. Smoke while filling or examining gasoline tank, 38 MOTORCYCLE TRANSPORTATION. Think you know it all ; others know something too; hence we all can teach and learn something of mutual value. Forget that the orders from a superior must be obeyed. Neglect the noises which indicate coming trouble, and, above all, don't forget that there is always another man more capable than yourself ready to take your job if you don't do it satisfactorily. TACTICAL FORMATIONS. 160. The tactical formations required of a motor- cycle company may be classed generally as formations for road, park, and inspection. (a) Road Formations. — The normal road formation is column of motorcycles with 10 yards distance be- tween motorcycles, giving the motorcycle company a road space of 320 yards. The distance between motor- cycles may be increased or decreased at the discretion of the company commander according to conditions of the march and road. The distance between motor- cycles should not, however, be less than 5 yards and then only for very slow rates of speed. Whenever the company halts, the motorcycles should close up to one yard distance without command. 161. Park Formations. — The company may be parked either in line, double line, column of sections, or exceptionally in column or corral. 162. Line. — Motorcycles are in line normally with 1 yard interval between motorcycles. A greater or less interval may be ordered by the company commander according to parking space available. 163. Column of Sections. — Sections are in line, with interval of 2 yards between motorcycles and distance of 10 yards between sections. These dis- tances and intervals may be varied at the discretion of the company commander. . 164. Column or Corral. — (a) Column: This method of parking is used only where sufficient lateral space is not available for one of the other formations. This would be the case when the company is in bivouac along a road not permitting a line formation. In this case, the distance between motorcycles should be re- MOTOECYCLE TEANSPOETATION. 39 duced to a minimum, not over 1 yard at the most, (b) Corral: The motorcycles may be parked so as to form a closed corral for defense. This is an exceptional method and very rarely resorted to. (c) Formation for Inspection : The formation for inspec- tion will be either in line or in column of sections. Interval between motorcycles 2 yards. Distance be- tween sections 10 yards. 165. Position of "Prepare for Inspection." — ^Men will stand at attention, driver one foot from front wheel hub on side of driver's seat. Assistant cycle- master in the corresponding position with the driver but on the opposite side of the right motorcycle in his section. 166. Spare drivers, S. C. men, and mechanics in a position corresponding to that of the driver but on the opposite side of the motorcycle in which they ride. Cyclemaster in line on right of the rank. Company commander one yard in front of his motorcycle which, when the company is in line, will be the leading motor- cycle, and when in column of sections will be 10 yards in front of the center of the 1st section. 167. All articles of personal equipment will be displayed on the shelter half, two yards directly in front of the man to whom they belong. ( See Infantry Drill Regulations for manner and order of displaying each article ) . 168. Motorcycle equipment, such as tools, pumps, etc., will be displayed on the ground opposite the right center of the shelter half. All tool boxes and other receptables will be open to show interior. Seat cushions, if detachable, will be raised for inspection. Machines will be raised on their stands to permit whirling of wheels for inspection. 169. The duties of advance guards are as follows: (a) Advise police on point duty of the approach of the column. (b) Act as police at dangerous corners or places while the column is passing and indicate the direct route. (c) Arrange for billets or feeding for the column. (d) Arrange for and select suitable standing room for the care of the column. 40 MOTOECYCLE TEANSPOETATION. 170. The advance guard will be under the orders of an M. C. officer or N. C. O. who will detail men for various duties on completion of which they should proceed to rejoin the advance guard. VISUAL AND WHISTLE SIGNALS. 171. "Attention". — One long blast of whistle. Drivers stand one foot from front wheel hub on side of drivers seat, (left) ; eyes in direction of section chief. Supernumerary drivers, mechanics, and assis- tants in corresponding position on opposite side of motorcycle on which they ride. Assistant cycle- master 3 yards in front of center of his section, if in line ; 3 yards in front of and 1 yard on left of flank of his section, if in column. Cyclemaster 6 yards in front of center of company, if in line; same relative position in front of his section when in column of sec- tions, and 3 yards in front and 1 yard on right flank of leading motorcycle, if in column. Company com- mander 1 yard in rear of cyclemaster as the latter faces the company. 172. "Start Motors". — Raise either hand to a verti- cal position, arm extended to full length, and describe small circle, moving the hand in a horizontal plane. Drivers start their motors; as soon as the motor has started, see that the starter crank has returned to its proper place and is latched therein if a latch is provided. Drivers remove machines from stand, if solo, and mount the saddle. Mounting the saddle indi- cates to the cyclemaster that the driver is ready to move out. Drivers, after mounting, keep their eyes on the cyclemaster until the move is indicated. Me- chanics, assistants, side car men and others mount at the same time as the driver. Assistant cyclemasters face their sections until all motors are started, then face the front. 173. "Halt". — Hold arm fully extended in vertical position. When column is halted, motorcycles close up to a distance of 1 yard. In moving out from any formation, motorcycles follow in column at 15 yards. This is the normal distance for a moving column unless otherwise specified by the company commander. MOTOECYCLE TEANSPOETATION. 41 174. "Stop Motors". — Extend arm to full length in a vertical position and move the hand from right to left and reverse very rapidly. Hand should move about 6 inches. Drivers shift gears into neutral and stop their motors, set their brakes, dismount and stand by the front wheel in position described for inspection. Assistant cyclemasters move to a position where they are able to observe signals from the cyclemaster. If the company is to remain at a certain halt for some time the command "fall out" should be given. 175. In this connection it should be noted that the signal to "halt" does not require motors to be stopped. If a halt is to be followed by a rest of any duration, the signal for halting should be either combined with, or immediately followed by, the signal "stop motors". 176. (See page 42.) 177. The camp of a motorcycle company should approximate the above as far as local conditions per- mit. A distance of 3 yards is sufficient to enable a motorcycle to enter or leave the line, and that is the minimum distance allowable. 178. The ground used for the park should have a resistant soil, either graveled, macadamized, or paved. 179. During road marches, it is often preferable to bivouac on the road, to avoid taking the motor- cycles on the soft soil of fields. In such cases, two general procedures are possible: (a) Where roadway is sufficiently wide, or has practicable sides, place the motorcycles perpendicular to the roadway with front wheel toward the roadway, clearing the roadway as much as possible. If the space on either side of roadway is sufficient, the com- pany may thus be drawn up in two lines on either side of road. (b) Where the road is not sufficiently wide for above, the train should be closed up in column of motorcycles with 1 yard distance at most between motorcycles and placed as far to the right of the roadway as possible, leaving sufficient room on road- way to allow free passage of other vehicles. 180. In each of the above cases, care should be taken to leave a clear passageway for passing vehi- cles. Precautions should also be taken to prevent accident from such vehicles. This may be done by 42 MOTOECYCLE TRANSPOETATION. o a o o a ?-i O -1-3 o i — -I s 3 a •i-i r-3— -J L -» MOTOECYCLE TRANSPORTATION. 43 leaving lanterns or lights on end motorcycles and by stationing sentinels at both ends of the line or column to warn passing vehicles and to make them take a moderate rate of speed while passing the motor- cycles. 181. The normal •camping rules as to sanitation should be rigidly enforced. All refuse should be burned or buried. Soils should not be pointed. This is especially necessary where the bivouac is made along the highway. 182. Except w^hen in permanent camp where pyra- midal tents are used, the men will sleep on ground nearby — the use of regular shelter tents is super- fluoift in warm weather. Shelter halves may be stretched across from one machine to another securing corners on handle bars, saddles and guards. This method furnishes ample protection in warm weather and also serves to protect the motorcycles from dew. 183. Daily Inspection and Upkeep. — On arrival at camp or bivouac drivers will make a thorough inspec- tion of their motorcycles, under supervision of assis- tant cyclemasters, and all possible repairs will be made. In case of impossibility of repairing a motor- cycle the company commander decides as to the dis- position of the motorcycle and its cargo. If the com- pany arrives late at night in the darkness it is advis- able, conditions so permitting, to make this inspection and repair on the following morning before leaving camp. 184. — Replenishment of Gasoline, Oil, Grease, Etc. — ^As soon as motorcycles get into camp or bivouac they should be replenished with the above supplies. By reason of the danger of fire the gasoline tanks should be filled during daylight. If this is impracti- cable, due to late arrival of the company, the company commander decides, according to the special circum- stances, whether to put off this until following morn- ing or to fill in the dark. In the latter case great precaution should be taken. Electric lights of the motorcycles or flash lights should be used. There should always be sufficient number of fire extin- guishers handy and several pails of sand or soft earth to smother any gasoline fire that may start. If Ian- 44 MOTOECYCLE TEANSPOETATION. terns are in vicinity tliey should be hung high up, so that they will not ignite gasoline vapors, which, being heavier than air, sink to the ground. 185. The rule to l3e enforced, unless conditions absolutely prevent, is to have all motorcycles filled with gasoline and oil and ready to start as soon as possible after reaching camp. Do not put off anything to the next day if you can possibly avoid it. 186. Oil for Transmission. — The same grade of oil used for motor lubrication is best suited for the trans- mission. Keep the transmission filled to the level of the filler cap. Do not use a semi-liquid or hard oil. The oil level should be inspected each weelj and oil added when necessary. ROAD AND ROUTE MARCHING. 187. Order of March. — The order of sections in column should ordinarily alternate daily. The trucks should be in rear of train. The company commander rides wherever he judges his presence necessary, but it is especially in rear that he will be best placed to render his supervision efficient. The cyclemaster rides wherever the judgment of the company com- mander dictates. The assistant cyclemasters ride in various positions in their sections where they can most efficiently conduct the operation of their sec- tions. The chief mechanic rides in rear. The assis- tant mechanics may ride either on the trucks or may be placed in side cars in the two forward sections of the column. 188. Distance Bettveen Vehicles. — Except on very dusty roads or those with heavy grades, where greater distances may be taken, the vehicles should be about 15 yards apart. Due to variations in skill of drivers, these distances will vary, but the leading vehicle should normally slow down after climbing a slope so that the company will not spread out too much. In some cases, after climbing or descending a difficult slope, the leading vehicle should stop to allow the company to close up. 189. Rate of March. — This depends on condition of road, the amount and nature of load carried, as well MOTOKCYCLE TEANSPOETATION. 45 as to other incidents of the march. The leading motorcycle should rarely take the maximum author- ized speed for the vehicle, as motorcycles in rear will have to exceed that in order to keep up. This maxi- mum speed is 25 miles per hour for a solo and 20 miles per hour for a motorcycle and side car. The speed should be as regular as possible, so that all motor- cycles may keep their distances without speeding. Never allow individual motorcycles to exceed author- ized speed limit. 190. March Discipline. — Vehicles must always keep well on the right of the road. This is especially neces- sary in operating on roads in field service. This re- quirement must be rigidly enforced. The driver of each motorcycle personally or by means of some one riding in side car, should keep in touch with the motorcycle in rear, so that if any halt is made he can do likewise and give proper signal to motorcycle in front. Under no circumstances should a company spread out on the road. This should be a constant preoccupation of all in authority in the company. If a motorcycle stops, the entire company should stop. The company commander or the cyclemaster, if so authorized, should ascertain the time required for the repair and nature of same. The company commander will promptly decide whether to halt the company until the repair is completed, leave the motorcycle and sufficient personnel to make repair, to later rejoin company, tow the motorcycle, or to shift load and abandon motorcycle. This decision will rest on the nature of the duty on which company is engaged, the distance to new camping place, or the urgency of the duty on which company is engaged. The company commander, in deciding such cases, must remember that "service" is the mission of the company, and that it is no disgrace to abandon a motorcycle whose mechanism has broken down. This point of service is one that the company commander should constantly bear in mind, as his subordinates, especially if civilian, are generally more interested in the mechanism of the motorcycle and are apt to lose sight of the purpose of the train in their interest in the mechanism or in 46 MOTOECYCLE TRANSPORTATION. "demonstrating" the perfection of the particular type of motorcycle assigned to the company. 191. No motorcycle should be allowed to pass ahead of another without express order of the company com- mander. If a motorcycle halts, all in rear will halt, and will not move ahead unless ordered by competent authority. The company should not ordinarily pass a column marching in same direction without agree- ment with commander of that column. The senior officer of the units will decide the action to be taken. If the motorcycle company is to pass, it is preferable for the other column to halt during the passage, espec- ially if composed of marching troops. The same rules hold in case the company crosses the line of march of another column. 192. Road Difficulties. — These are due to the nature of the road surface, the grades, or natural obstacles encountered. 193. In muddy roads it may be necesary to use chains on the traction wheels. 194. In case a motorcycle has gotten across a mud- hole safely, it is often advisable to attach a suffi- ciently long towing line to the other motorcycle and haul them through by utilizing a motorcycle working on hard ground. Similarly it will often be advisable to haul a motorcycle out of mud or sand in the same way. 195. Do not let motorcycle wheels revolve uselessly, as that simply serves to dig them in deeper. In get- ting motorcycles through sand or mud, the greater part depends on the practical genius of the members of the company. 196. In going up or down steep grades, or crossing streams, be careful to keep motorcycles far apart, to avoid any possible accident. Brakes should not be relied on wholly, but the gear should be set in first speed and the motor used as a brake. 197. Halts. — ^About one-half hour after starting, the column is halted to allow a brief inspection of the mechanism, and for the same purposes as a column of troops is likewise halted. Thereafter a halt of 10 minutes every 2 hours to rest the drivers and allow a brief inspection of the motorcycles. Ordinarily, MOTOECYCLE TRANSPOKTATION. 47 however, it will be found tliat these two-hourly halts are unnecessary, as there will be several halts be- tween these hours due to mechanical or other trouble. 198. Whenever the train halts, rigidly enforce the rule to stop motors, this takes constant correction by the cyclemaster and assistants. It is extremely difficult to train drivers to thus stop the motors. The failure to do so, however, causes an excessive expendi- ture of gasoline, which in a company with inexper- ienced personnel, may seriously embarrass its func- tioning by the gasoline supply being exhausted before the time counted on. 199. It is usual to make a midday halt of from 30 minutes to 1 hour duration to permit a lunch to be eaten, to rest the driver, and to make a more extended inspection of motorcycle mechanism. Do not make the noon halt too long, as it is better to get into camp early than to use up time on the road, and thus get into camp after dark. It will also be found that if the halt is long the men are apt to take naps, and thus will be half asleep and careless during the afternoon drive. Give them some hot food and a big cup of hot black coffee and they will drive as well in the afternoon as in the forenoon. 200. Daily Marches. — The normal daily march for a motorcycle company is 150 miles. This may be in- creased when the roads are excellent, or if conditions are very favorable. It likewise may be decreased if conditions are the opposite. 201. Do not run after dark if not absolutely neces- sary ; running at night is difficult, fatiguing, and very conducive to accident. NOTES ON WORK AT DEPOT AND BASE TRANSPORTING SUPPLIES. 202. The nature of the transportation duties of a motorcycle company may be roughly classed into depot work and route work. In depot work the motorcycle company does not operate as a unit, but the motor- cycles work singly or by detachments, and are normally on runs permitting all motorcycles to park 48 MOTOECYCLE TEANSPOETATION. nightly in the company camp. In route work, the company operates as a unit. 203. Depot Work. — In this service motorcycles are ordinarily detailed to various warehouses and supply points, and are worked under various foremen, as far as the supplies transported and messenger work are concerned. The company commander's responsibilities extend simply to seeing that motorcycles are furnished and are properly operated. 204. It may happen, however, that he will be called upon to map out the transportation system and super- intend its operation. The following procedure is therefore described, and while it assumes the opera- tion of several companies, suitable changes may be made either to limit it to one company or to conform to local conditions. 205. There should be a man permanently detailed as motorcycle dispatcher. He is assisted by an assis- tant cyclemaster, taken by roster from the motor- cycle companies on duty. These men are continuously on duty from 6 :30 a. m. to 8 :30 p. m. The dispatcher sleeps in the dispatcher's office within sound of the telephone. 206. Orders for motorcycles are received from the following sources: (a) Permanent work detail for depot or base quartermaster and other authorities. (b) Special daily orders from depot or base quar- termaster sent out in writing by depot or base quar- termaster. (c) Other proper calls received in writing. (d) Telephone or calls made in person. 207. Each evening the dispatcher makes out writ- ten order for motorcycles on the various companies to fill the work details for the next day. There is certain work, involving delivery routes, that is perma- nently assigned certain motorcycles. Other regular classes of work are dbne by each company according to roster so as to equalize work. 208. In a similar manner each motorcycle company takes its turn by roster to be on duty to answer special calls. 209. All orders for motorcycles, except the regular details of the depot quartermaster (which are re- MOTORCYCLE TEANSPORTATION. 49 ceived in typewritten form), are entered on the daily- blotter. 210. Each order for motorcycle is made out in trip- licate. The copies are signed by the cyclemaster or assistant, and one copy is retained in book. The remaining two copies are taken by the cyclemaster, one for his own company record, the other for the driver of the motorcycle or man in charge of the group of motorcycles responding to the order. 211. When the motorcycle is sent out from the company the driver or man in charge signs the copy retained by the company, and has his copy signed by the person to whom the motorcycles are ordered to report. He turns in his copy to his company on liis return. 212. Each company keeps a daily work record of the company. In this way accurate record can be kept of the whereabouts of each motorcycle and the num- ber available at any particular time. 213. The two forms used by the dispatcher are drawn up so as to absolutely fix responsibility for any failure of motorcycle to properly report. The signa- ture of person to whom motorcycle is directed to re- port is designed to prevent a motorcycle being taken by some one other than the person intended, a pro- ceeding very common. USEFUL MOTORCYCLE DATA. 214. Consumption of Gasoline and Oil. — The con- sumption of gasoline and oil varies according to road conditions, experience of drivers, train discipline, and other incidents of service. The following figures show the average consumption as taken from various motor- cycle company records. In figuring gasoline and oil for a trip, especially with a newly organized company, due allowance therefor should be made. 215. Consumption in miles per gallon : Machine. Gasoline. Oil. Indian solo 45 330 Indian and side car 34 285 Harley Davidson solo........ 46 860 Harley Davidson and side; car.... 35 780 50 MOTOBCYCLE TRANSPORTATION. These records are from results obtained on the Mexican border with extremely sandy roads and hot climate. 216. The consumption of other lubricants, as well as the proper kind to be used, vary with type of motorcycle and service in which engaged. The best plan is to consult the instruction book issued by the motorcycle manufacturer, which will fully cover these points. 217. Repaid' Parts. — The stock of repair parts needed varies with the nature of the duties of the company, nature of country operated over, distance from bases of supply, and the make and type of motor- cycle. No general figure can be given, as the variation is so great. A certain stock of spare parts will ordinarily be issued as portion of the train equipment. However, at any base from which a company is operat- ing, there will be normally a supply stock and a repair branch, where will be found a personnel sufficiently experienced to give such information if the personnel of the company itself does not possess the requisite knowledge. 218. Diinensions and WeigMs: Indian Side Car Combination — 1917 Model. Length over all , 90 inches. Width over all, 71 inches (axle in) ; 84 inches (axle extended). Weight of motorcycle, military (U. S.) equipment, 370 pounds. W^eight of side car, military (U. S.) equipment, 206 pounds. Total weight of combination, 576 pounds. Length over all of side car, 57 inches. Width over all of side car, 45 inches (axle in). (Detached from motorcycle). RECORDS. 219. The records of a motorcycle company pertain to personnel, property and operation. 220. Personnel Records. — ^These are the same as those for a troop, battery,. or company. A list thereof MOTOECYCLE TEANSPOETATION. 51 is given below. These records are kept according to instruction printed thereon. 221. Property Records. — Each Company keeps its own account of property held on memorandum re- ceipt from supply-train property officer. The neces- sary records for these property accounts are enum- erated herewith. They are kept according to instruc- tion printed therewith. 222. Motorcycle Operation Records. — These include reports of operation of motorcycle companies, cost re- ports, and reports of change or condition of motor material. The various reports and method of keeping same are show:n in notes which follow. 223. Miscellaneous Records. — In addition to the above, the records and publications show^n should be procured and kept by each motorcycle company. RECORDS OF PERSONNEL. 224. A Service Record (Form No. 29, A. G. O.) will be prepared in the case of each member of the company, whether enlisted or civilian. On this service record will be entered all data necessary for a com- plete history of the man. The same care will be exer- cised in keeping this record complete for civilian em- ployees as for enlisted men. 225. Monthly Returns (Forms Nos. 30, A. G. O., and 434, Q. M. C.).— For enlisted companies. 226. Muster Rolls (Form No. 61-61a, A. G. O.).— Instructions on this form to be strictly complied with. For enlisted companies only. 227. Record of Service (Form No. 174, Q. M. C). — For companies with civilian personnel. 228 Records of Court-Martial (Form No. 594, A. G. O.). 229. Morning Reports (Form No. 332, A. G. O.). 230. Sick Reports (Form No. 339, A. G. O.). 231. Duty Rosters (Form No. 342, A. G. O.). 232. Pay Rolls (Form No. 366-306a, W. D., Q. M. C). — For enlisted companies (Form No. 334-334a, Q. M. C. will be used for civilian personnel). Rolls to be prepared in triplicate, one copy being retained for record. 52 MOTOBCYCLE TRANSPORTATION. 233. Correspondence Book (See List A). — To be supplemented by a document file. To be kept as indi- cated by instructions contained therein. RECORDS OF PROPERTY. 284. Property Book. — Forms used in connection with property account ; Forms Nos. 200, 201, 203, 205, 208 and 210; also Reports of Survey Form No. 196, A. G. O. (List A) when they cover this class of prop- erty ; instructions contained on blank forms and in Circular 38, Q. M. G. O., 1913, revised (List B). 235. Individual Property Account. — ^A record of property in the personal possession of the members of the organization will also be kept on proper form. (This covers ordnance as well as quartermaster prop- erty). Binders for Forms Nos. 200 and 501, Q. M. C, can be obtained on requisition Form No. 160 Q. M. C. 236. Clothing. — ^A record of clothing issued will be kept. (Check against service method). 237. Requisitions, Shipping Orders and Waybills, Etc. — A retained file of these papers should be kept. 238. Ordnance Returns. — Ordnance will be held on memorandum receipt from train supply officer, if con- sistent. 239. Signal Return. — Signal property will be held on memorandum receipt from post or camp supply officer, if consistent. 240. — Engineer Return. — Engineer property will be held on memorandum receipt from post or camp supply officer, if consistent. 241. Company Council Book (Form No. 452, Q. M. C). — ^A record of all receipts and disbursements per- taining to the company to be supported by vouchers in accordance with printed instructions therewith. RECORDS OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE. 242. A record will be kept in each company of all motor-driven vehicles assigned thereto (Model "A" following). This record will show the United States number and serial number of each vehicle. In addi- tion to this there will be kept a record of each motor MOTOSCfCLE TBANSPOEl'ATlON. 53 number, battery number, tire numbers, presto tank numbers, etc., showing to which vehicle they are assigned. Changes will be made as they occur so that this record will be complete and correct at all times. 243. Each driver will submit daily a report (Model "B" following), showing the mileage, passengers hauled, gasoline and oils used, etc. Books of these blank reports will be furnished by the quartermaster. 244. A cost record will be kept for each vehicle (Model "C" following). This can be done by using an ordinary blank book issued by the quartermaster, necessary columns being ruled off. The cost of all repairs, the amount and cost of all gasoline, oils, grease, etc., wages or pay of chauffeurs, number of days laid up for repairs, etc. ; in fact, everything re- quired to render an accurate and comprehensive report on Forms 416 and 417 Q. M. C. (List B). This report will be prepared in triplicate, at the end of each quar- ter, the original and one copy being rendered to the department quartermaster, the other copy retained with the company records. 245. Spare parts lists for either Indian or Harley Davidson Motorcycles with quantities required to be kept in stock for any given number of motorcycles, with costs on each article, may be obtained upon application for same to the Motor Transportation Branch, Quartermaster General's Oflace, Washington, D. C. 246. Repair Shop and Equipment. — ^Among the most important items for the successful maintenance of motorcycle equipment is a suitable housing for the machines and a well equipped shop. If the shop can be established at the same place where the machines are housed, as herein recommended, that is to be pre- ferred. For economy and efficiency one shop should be centrally located to take care of all motorcycle re- pairs in the camp. It has been found inadvisable to merge the motorcycle shop with motor car and motor truck repair shops. 54: MOTORCYCLE TRANSPORTATION. SUBJECTS FOR INSTRUCTION AND FOR USE IN WEEKLY INSPECTIONS. 247. Motor: Ignition. Fouled spark plugs. Poorly adjusted spark plug points. Magneto points out of adjustment. Magneto points needing cleaning. Magneto brush holder, cracked. Fouled carbon brush or sticking spring. Other magneto repairs. Carburetion. Improperly adjusted carburetor. Needle valve or air valve needing readjusting. Clogged gas line or float valve. Adjustment of low speed adjusting screw. Poorly adjusted throttle control. Carburetor air shutter open. Valves. Adjusting exhaust and inlet tappets. Importance of inspecting tappets regularly. Detecting improperly adjusted tappets. Detecting and replacing weak inlet and exhaust valve springs. Sticking exhaust valves. Grinding and refacing valves and vale seats. Ll^brication. Importance of proper lubrication. Regulating mechanical oiler. Correct use of hand pump. Flushing and draining motor. 248. Transmission: Adjusting clutch at pull rod. Adjusting clutch by means of clutch spring screws. Inspecting oil level in transmission each week. Adjusting gear shift mechanism. Lubricating clutch bearings. Fitting new cluth springs and discs. Fitting clutch on main shaft. MOTOKCYCLE TRANSPORTATION. 55 249. Chains. Repairing broken drive chain. Adjusting drive cliains. Fitting engine sprocket. 250. Brakes. Adjusting foot brake. Adjusting hand brake. Fitting new brake band lining and putting on brake drum. 251. Controls: Connecting and adjusting spark, throttle and valve lift controls. Fitting and adjusting new control wire. 252. Tires: Repairing tube. Inserting blowout patch. Putting on casing. 253. Wheels: Care of spokes. Adjusting and repacking front and rear wheel cones and bearings. Truing and lacing wheels. 254. Forks: Replacing broken fork springs. Straightening bent forks. •Adjusting head fittings. Installing complete set'Of front forks. 255. Seat Post: Adjusting spring seat post to the weight of the driver. Lubricating seat post springs. 256. General Inspection and Lubrication: Going over machine at regular intervals to see that bolts and nuts are tight, viz. : crank case and cylinder bolts and nuts; tank, speedometer and horn bracket screws, tank clamping screws, front and rear axle nuts, head fittings, cylinder plug nuts, etc. 56 MOTOECYCLE TRANSPORTATION. Refilling grease cups. Repacking bearings. 257. Lighting System: How to use Prest-0-Lite tank. Regulating flow of gas to safeguard against break- age of reflector. Cleaning lamp burners. Going over laead and tail light connections, 258. Side Car: How to connect, adjust and line up. How to use extension axle. Taking up and lubricating side car wheel bearings. 259. Use of Wrenches: Instructions on the correct use of all wrenches and tools recommended by us for camp repair shop. When, in the judgment of the officer in charge and the instructor, the men are qualified to take care of the machines and do first quality work, each man is given a verbal examination and put to work on a machine that needs attention or that has been put out of adjustment. He is then graded by the instructor, depending on his knowledge and practical ability, and a record of his relative standing is furnished the offi- cer in charge. 260. Qrip Controls — Miscellaneous: Correct adjustment of throttle, spark and valve lift controls. Replacing broken control wire. Gas and oil feed pipes and connections. Correcting gasoline leakage. Gasoline and oil tank construction. Inspection tour through manufacturing depart- ments. 261. Motor: Design and construction of the motor. Stripping motor. Inspecting for wear. Carbon removal. MOTOECYCLE TEAN SPORT ATION. 57 Timing of valves and spark. Valve grinding. Renewal of crank case bearings. Lining of crank cases. Fitting connecting rod bearings. Lining up connecting rods. Assembling and truing flywheels. Squaring and rounding pistons. Fitting piston rings, gears and roller arms. Adjusting inlet and exhaust tappets. Fitting carburetor and manifold. Conditions that may effect motor causes and remedies : Laboring. Overheating. Missing. Backfiring. Loss of power and speed. Correct use of factory wrenches for motor work. 262. Luhrication: Importance of proper lubrication. Working principles of mechanical oiler. Regulating oil supply. Correct use of the hand pump. Principle and construction of hand pump. Making repairs to hand pump. When to use hand pump. 263. Carduretion: Principles and construction of carburetors. Practical road demonstration on carburetor adjust- ments. Carburetor repairs. Troubles due to improper carburetion: Symptoms. Causes. Remedies. 264. Ignition: Spark plugs — care and repair. Principles of motorcycle magneto ignition. Magneto construction. 58 MOTORCYCLE TEANSPOETATION. Magneto repairs. Magneto timing. Troubles due to faulty ignition : Symptoms. Causes. Remedies. Locating and correcting short circuits. 265. Frame, Front Forks and Handlebars: Frame, fork and handlebar construction. Inspection tour through departments engaged in manufacture of frames, forks and handlebars. Frame, fork and handlebar repairs. Methods of straightening bent frames, forks and handlebars, on and off machine. Practical work in factory repair department. 266. Three-Si)ced Transmission: Principle and construction of three-speed transmis- sion. Lubrication. Inspecting transmission. Proper tools to use. Renewing worn or damaged fittings. Assembling and fitting transmission. Practical demonstration of adjustment of three- speed locking and shifting mechanism. 267. Drive Chains and Sprockets: Care of drive chains. Importance of correct lubrication. Adjusting drive chains. Detecting and taking up wear. Chain repairs. 268. Wheels, Hubs and Clutch: Construction of hubs. Construction of foot and hand brakes. Care of spokes. Truing and lacing wheels. Inspection tour through factory departments en- gaged in manufacture of clutches. Removing clutch from machine. MOTOECYCLE TEANSPOETATION. &» Proper tools to use for clutch work. Stripping, inspecting, renewing worn or damaged fittings. Adjusting and lubricating clutch bearings. Repacking hubs. Inspecting cones and bearings. Adjusting foot and hand brakes. Brake repairs. Assembling and fitting clutch. Proper methods of making adjustments on clutch. Correcting a slipping clutch. Correcting a non-releasing clutch. 269. Tire Care and Repair: Applying inner tube and casing. Repairing inner tube and casing. A DESIRABLE SPARE PARTS STOCK RECORD. 270. By far the best system is to keep a perpetual inventory of all spare parts carried. A card should be made out for each part and all receipts and dis- bursements should be recorded on this card. A con- venient form is shown : FRONT OF CARD. Name of Part Part No Minimum Models Bin No._ Date On Hand Date On Hand Date On Hand Date On Hand 60 MOTOECYCLE TRANSPOETATION. BACK OF CARD Ordered Received Order No. Disbursements Date Amount Date Amount Month 1918 1919 January Feb. March April 271. These cards can be made in any convenient size. They can be arranged according to the fac- tory numbers in alphabetical and numerical order as the same factory number always designates the same part. The column "on hand" always shows the number of parts in the bin. All disbursements are subtracted and all receipts are added to the last total. If advisable another column can be added for the order number or any other necessary information. All figures in the "on hand" column except receipts can be made in pencil and when parts are given out the total can be erased and the new total inserted. This makes it unnecessary to use more than one line for a day's disbursements. 272. All orders for additional parts are recorded on the back of the card, with the order number and the date shipment is received. Allowance is made for a summary of disbursements by months. The quantity used in a certain period can be ascertained by adding the stock on hand at the beginning of the period to the receipts and deducting the amount on hand at the end of the period. 273. The minimum stock and the number of parts to be ordered can best be determined by referring to the quantity of parts given out, as shown by the monthly record on the back of the card. MOTOECYCLE TEANSPORTATION. 61 274. Where a perpetual inventory is not necessary and a record of parts ordered only is kept, the red and blue card system is recommended. When the stock of a certain part is seen to be getting low a red card is attached to the bin. When making lip a spare parts order the bins are checked over and an additional stock of these parts is ordered. As soon as the order is entered a blue card is attached to the bin and the red card is removed so that the parts will not be ordered again before the order arrives. When the order is received the blue cards are taken off of the bins as the parts are put away. APPENDICES MOTOECYCLE TEANSPOETATION. 65 f- M j 1 j M g S M CD CO Oi O CO l-H CO oococq > ■7:3 5^ ;-( o3 o o 4^ ^-iS 02 H--3'^ a o ^ ^^.B %i §1 i '^T^ tS 02 02 ^ .2g^ bC (-1 o R O • . ^ QQp^O Oi CO • CO'* 00 T-l CO 'tl ■ CO CO CO '*■*'*■ 10 10 10 lO lO (M CO CO O CO CO CO C^ ffe! a. 'T3 02 ^ bC v3 P O ^ 70 MOTOECYCLE TRANSPOETATION. 03 CD 03 9 03 rt li -^^ +3 CO fl 03 o O 03 3 03 > 03 03 <^.g* 03 _ 03 Cl o 2 d o .1^ ■*^^ o 03 ^ . 03 ^ ^"^ §1^ •3 o 93^ o .^ 03 O f-i S '^'3^ iH a fl ^^ >H >H S S S3 fl ^'*-i 52 03 o S s^H^ ^.a .„ &-I ^^^^ ^H bc E3 c3 0000 .S »a2 &&^&^ ^^M 54-1 M ^ en GQ 03 03 03 03 O O . 'o'o 03 O'Sb" o a 02 fl ^H 03 >2 .2 i i^_9 !=3 ^■^^ ^^ '-' d 03 P 2 gj o> 03 -^-^'— i jTS -*^ ^ 03 =^ =^ ^^'S g;3 .1:2 J O CC 03 • -i 03 Jg Q ■ o a 03 i=; h >> Sl^ 2 03 ao2 ^ S 03 03 oj 03 g g s 03 2 ^03, — I i-i d 3«r-( 03 ^ ^ -t— '^ Q^ ^ 3 '^ 'T3 -^j rr,^ >5 Qj O 2--H O 02 5 O O fc. O -M 03 o3 a* 5 03 o O o3 00 01 T— i OS O !>• 00 CO CO tJH CO I> CO ssss (MOTH(N'*T-Hr-(0 MOTOECYCLE TEANSPOETATION. 71 (^"^ fH O til 2gS CO S O '=' ^^ 02 CI a) o CQ ^ CD . o o3 "^ g b£ ^ O -+^ 3 <^ =^ > ^-^ (a ;_, bC CD O 02 -^ o CD 0) pL, a 'o 6 c3 CO ^H O "2 O p o O ^^ to T3 « =^ S S § ^ ^ ..^ § CO ^ «2-23 CI 2^ S .2^^§ g.2 ° 2 fl o-^ o^ s ^ s .>.>. u 9 9 9 ' ,—1 ^ o3 O ?^a| o3 rH T— 1 1— ( CO 1—1 eo«Dco (M Tti ■>* 1 599 599A 599B ss T— 1 S T—l tH ?0 CO CO S ^^8 BBS 72 MOTORCYCLE TRANSPOETATION. ding 200, No. o- s a •H-l (V, t*H •_> form c nishm( rs for sition -leaf d pu inde: equi i§«s O^ a5 O a ■41 _o '-+3 .—. o.a men their empl obta ^ l.a^ Q nlis me vilii can ^'^'^ - . -^-goO-g O'J o. -^3 elinquency rec offenses of en ecord of servi and 501, Q. M 160) when nee Q rt 6 ^ a !h o 1 S t>jX5 -M CD •'-^ ;h ^ ^ ■ 3 O) o o-tf O cS 02 ' go i^ m ?3 p ^ " r J D Plate IV. MOTOBCYCLE TEANSPOETATION. 97 FX 709 FX7 28 FX 14.2 FK 824 r-x -f-^p Plate V. MOTOKCYCLE TEA^-SPOETATIOX. Ok iooooooo»ooooo 0»-0 0>0 O S3 c od i i o °° i2 ^ -J "1-^' -rd _■ -V ^'-c o o3 - - ^ X 5 u ^ ^ O, — — i> X ^ CJ ^^ « ^ z/ir-^:^. 3 -j '^ ~ lit <:^ go 00 CCXMfOC^TT^-OOOOrtOO (Mi-i^ K H H ^=H f=H M r^ r^ Ph P^ f— I r^ ^ H ,^ .^ 1—: C^ 1— ii— iC^i— Ii-Ht-^i— IT— IOOt— iC^,— i T— ii— ll—l 100 MOTOECYCLE TEANSPOBTATION. lO 1— I C^ TjH T-H ,1-1 o O g g g HC^T-i tH c3 o3 ,r- .r~ 3 O © c^ 03 Sffi « ^ a; 02 ce := G O O o « c fl HOcooo ^^ ' ^. J^ ^ rH =? , (D I H ^ '^ "l* >^ rf ^fl bC - Q a^.tj (D o o '" Sj ?^ r'--^ vi^ 11^ li; y^ tu t-i Ci O T-H TjH 10 O O Oq Tfi O O 00 rhiiO (M CO Tt^ (M fe f=H [^ p^ fe fe Plh Pl^ Pl^ << H Q p^ O o O O O o Ho T-ICOCOC^ p 1—1 CO »0 CO t^ 06 Oi 00 OI> O 00 00 COlO o S^ 9"^ 03 c3 a a CD Qj i-1 ^ .-^ HH o 03 O Ph CO 1— I CO CO cc ^sS T3 i a;i o o f 73 C^-^ s ^ s ■ o . "^-^ TO -^-^^ ^ ^ tH ^^ S "?^ ^ =^ 02 _, «^ ^^ wo "cS 10 00 l>O(N00C0C5i0O»^00t^ ^(NfM'^CO-^COCOCOCOCO i:^i>j>Cii>C3i>cocot^co fI^f^^fJHr^fi^HfeHHf^W o coi> t^t^ ' c^WXM><^M EHOP=Hf^P=HHO C^C^C^i-ii-ii-iiM(N(M' (N (N T-i (M (N '^ (M MOTOECYCLE TEANSPOKTATION. \03 oooooooo tH CO T-H ,-' oooooooo OOiOCOCiOOO 1-i "c^^ioOT-HTt^io 'c^LOrH ; t-i 03 tJD ■^ ^^ 1—1 o ic ■^2 i^ (^ G-^ ;-^ ! -i-= o r- ^ c<: 11 ) ; ^ : 5; 1 -M B 03 3 ■' S-i t- "^ > c it bJ i"-^ ^l-fl-^ ^ r-< ^~— ;-! ;- t. 3fc c: ; > (for wren opera nliino 1l _| O G, '1111 \3 ■ 72 lutch wrench rank pin nut iler wrench ( i1f>r wT-finnh ( O zr It in oS o: Jli 0-^ 75-lb. anvil. 2 speed breast Hardie (to fit Exhaust valve 1.1 QOOC Ur- O'Xc^ ^w f^u 4:c CC ^ ^ c: ,-i oc 1 S oc: y. ^ ^? r-Tt^^^Oi-iTticocN^ooooc^c^^o T-HOClOOOCOCOCOOlr^OOt^t^t^OOt^t^ Plato VI. INDIAN TOOLS. Plate VI. I MOTOECYCLE TRANSPOETATION. 105 m m ^ r O o O U ^ d 3 ^ f2^ S6 00 1 10 tooooo a.2 c5 S O 02 -(^ 3 '-I . -, 'cX)*> .S ® , . — 1 a; o 'J ^ c3 c3 00 ^3 "^ ^ rf IIP o o ^ :3X ^ « o 2 &< ■♦^ oj 2 -1^ ^< o ;h -M X o c^ 03 X __ O 01 1^ CO "O CO ^ 00 1-1 CO to (N CO TttCOC^lM^OOOOOiOOOOOOOOC^t^ lOi— I0i^0:>^l0001r^0000000500 tOOli— ICDrH^i— (1— I^TtHCOr-Hi— IC^IO p^PL|p^|:l^PL^(l^pHp^p^|l^pL|qU|CL|(l^pL, 1> I> 1> (M (M (M 1-1 O O O O O O CO rH • (M(M(Mr-!rHCO>-H(M(N(NC^ f^ CD «2 JE -+^ -+^ -3 -5 bC s ^ cQ a O CD O X O 02 - ^ so c:3 &c ococooqoooocii-HO iCi— iOiC)iOiOiO»Oi— lO PLnpLnPneLiPLnP-iPHPHP-iPH HHHchHHHHHH OOCO^CICOCOOOtJH i-nOiOrHiOtOCiC^ PLiPhPhPh^^hPhPhPli HHHEhHHHH J> Ir^ 1>- r^ l> CO 1> CD(MiMCOCOCOCDOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOeOCOOO (M CO 1-H iM COO go O^OTJ g 3 CD O ^ ? B ^ ^ S-^ o g '.s s s-s, CD III 00 cog "-0 00 O CiC C5 ^ CO^ O O lO o CO 1-H r-l C^ ,-H (M PL, Ph Pm Ph Pk Plh <^^ccTt^l^^c^l-H^OTt^Ttlr:H•oc^co'* rH,-HC hi) T-l •n CD a ^ a O o 73 c3 1 3 o3 ^ I— 1 ■^>^ H 110 MOTORCYCLE TRANSPOETATION. O S o ; a i i i ^ i ) i "■a Phers, -- Pump, tire Prestolite tank Prestolite pin Tool kit, canvas - Tube, inner Valve lifting tool J: ■i MOTOKCYCLE TEANSPOETATION. Ill OP-lGQ O f ♦ o ^•mm^