F 444 .C4 F3 Copy 1 l-TndT GUIDE Chattanooga, LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN, Chickamau^a Battlefields. MAYSt ^'/^VA^f " ''yH: fi'Ssr *V and w*^^ Price, 25 Cents. EVEN IF YOU CAN STOP OVER BUT A DAY OR A TRAIN, DON'T FAIL TO SEE THE INN, gnificent Hotel, run on a liberal plan. The finest climate in xnerica. The most enchanting scenery the sun ever shone upon. LOOKIOXJT IwlO'CJlSrT^IlSr, Tennessee's Great Health and Pleasure Resort. OPEN THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. ^'''''''''^^^Sl^^''''''' I i^ s. GIBSON, Manager. F 444 .C4 F3 Copy 1 GUIDE —TO- Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain -AND— CHICKAMAUGA NATIONAL MILITARY PARK, ^/ ' COINTAIINIiNG *^/\rO»vV' V*^ y Map of Chattanooga and Vicinity, and Map of Chicka- mauga National Military Park. 3IIustrateb. ^ rn„ -^ )^AY 25 1895 1895 : ^>v{£f\w^SV^^ EDWARD FERGER AND ARTHUR J. TAYLOR, PUBLISHERS, 2«^ i^^^O-l Chattanooo, Tennessee. PRESS OF MacGOWAN & COOKE, CHATTANOOGA. s? To the Visitor. IN THE preparation of this guide book great care has been taken to make it in every respect correct and worthy of the confidence of the visitor, and to render it both concise and comprehensive. It is confidently believed that this work will be appreciated as a valuable assistant to the visitor, and a ready guide and advisor. The Authors. COPYRIGHT, 1895, EDWARD FERGER AND ARTHUR J. TAYLOR. Contents. Banks 32 Battle of Chickaniauga 44 Battle of Missionary Ridge 45 Battle of Orchard Knob 45 Battle of Lookout Mountain ...... .. 45 Chattanooga 13 Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Park 40 Churches 24 Cemeteries 26 Dedication Programme 54 Depots 30 Directing Points 32 Epworth League Programme 53 General Information 30 Hotels t9 Hack Ordinance 3t Historical Points about City 16 Lookout Mountain 35 Map of City and Vicinity 1 Map of Chickamauga Park 48 Military Movements about Chat- tanooga 48 Nickojack Cave 52 Points of Interest in City 16 Points of Interest in Chickamauga Park 40 Public Buildings 22 PostofTice 31 Programmes 53 Routes TO Chickamauga 5i Cameron Hill 52 Confederate Cemetery^'5i Garden of^the Gods... 52 Lookout Mountain 5l Lulu Lake and Falls ,. 39 Missionary Ridge 51 National Cemetery 5l Riverview 52 Rock City 51 Sunset Rock 52 Vallombrosa 52 Waldens Ridge 5l Suburbs— Alton Park 28 Avondale 28 East Chattanooga 30 East End 30 East Lake 28 Churchville 28 Hill City 30 Highland Park 28 Mountain Junction 28 Orchard Knob 28 Ridgedale 28 St. Elmo 28 Sherman Heights 30 Streets, How Numbered 31 Street Railways 31 Short Trips for Hurried People.... 52 Telegraph Offices ■. 31 Waldens Ridge 34 Y. M. C. A 32 gjJf We desire to call special attention to our adver- tisers on back pages. They are representative business firms and are perfectly reliable in every way. General Grant and Statf on Point Lookout. Lulu Falls, on Lookout Mountain. Sunset Rock, on Lookout Mountain. Chattanooga. CHATTANOOGA, appropriately called the "Gateway of the South," is beautifully located in a valley, sur- rounded by Walden's Ridge and the Tennessee River on the north and northwest, Missionary Ridge on the east, Look- out Mountain and the Raccoon Mountains on the south and southwest. Its wounderful growth and the development of its vast timber and mineral resources have been without parallel ; from a poor straggling village of 3000 people at the close of the war, unknown to the outside world except as a scene of bloody conflicts, it has grown, by reason of the pluck and energy of its citizens and its great natural advantages, to an important city of 50,000 population. In the last ten years a magical transformation has taken place; from mud and mire and mule cars it has advanced to the finest pavements of brick and asphalt, most complete system of electric rail- ways, a perfect system of water works and sewerage ; and has become in fact a modern city in every respect. Many fine business blocks line its streets, large commodi- ous hotels, school houses and public buildings are here ; and in regard to churches, it is the Philadelphia of the South. The health of the city can best be judged by the fact that no other city in the United States of the same size and class of population can show so low a death rate. The average white mortality is from six to eight per thousand per year, and for the whole population, whites and blacks, it is less than twelve per thousand per year. This fact is largely due to the altitude of the city, its cleanliness, and the latitude in which it is situated. The winters are mild and the summer heat is 14 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. tempered by the mountain breezes which blow continuously during the heated season. These advantages, together with its surrounding grand natural scenery, make this one of the most delightful places of abode in the country. The population is quite cosmopolitan, being made up of all races and having representatives from every State in the Union. Owing to the proximity of raw material of all kinds, our manufactories are numerous and varied. The iron industry is the most extensive. At present there are two blast furnaces in operation : Citico, turning out 125 tons of pig iron per day, and the Chattanooga Furnace, from sixty to seventy tons. There are several large stove foundries, pipe foundries, large machine shops, car works, boiler manufac- tories, iron roofing works, a brake-shoe foundry, one of the largest plow works in the world, and a number of other estab- lishments which use iron largely in their various productions. The wood workers come next, with two large furniture factories ; a number of large saw mills and planing mills line the river bank ; the largest curtain pole factory in the world, and a host of smaller concerns which make every conceivable article with wood as a basis. There are two large flour mills, the Mountain City, with a capacity of 1800 barrels per day, and Shelton's with a ca- pacity of 500 barrels. There are several corn mills, a cotton seed oil mill, cotton compress, two large coffin factories and a number of other industries. The shipping facilities are excellent; the eleven railways and the river connecting us with all parts of the country. The United States government has spent upwards of three million dollars in removing the obstructions in the river be- low the city at Muscle Shoals, and this stream is navigable for large craft about nine months in the year. Our school system is one of the best in the South, The races are taught separately, the colored pupils having two and GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 15 the whites three large public schools, including a high school for each. The U. S. Grant University, a Methodist institution whose building and grounds are valued at $130,000, is located here. The Notre Dame Academy, conducted by the Catholic Church, a business college, medical college, college of music and a number of private schools complete the educational list. We are justly proud of the number and elegance of our churches, but more so of the fact that we are called a church going people. Everybody goes to church, and our colored brother sometimes forgets to go home. Every denomination is represented here, each having a place of worship in keeping with the strength of the organization. There are fifty-one white congregations in the city and suburbs, twenty-five of which are in the city, and thirty-one colored, of which twenty are in the city. The finances are taken care of by seven banks with a combined capital of over a million and a half, with a surplus of about $375,000. The city is governed by a mayor and sixteen aldermen, two from each ward in the city, who are elected by the people and have charge of all city affairs except the police, who are under the supervision of three commissioners, two democrats and one republican, who are appointed by the governor. The police force consists of thirty-six men and officers, and is one of the best organized bodies of men in the South. The fire department has four halls well located about the city. The apparatus is handled by forty-three men and twenty-two horses, and consists of four steam fire engines with hose carts, one chemical engine, two hook and ladder trucks and 7000 feet of good hose. The Gamewell Electric Fire Alarm System is used, with forty-three stations. The water supply is furnished by three pumping engines of fifteen million gallons capacity per twenty-four hours, pumped in a reservoir of five million gallons capacity, and lo- 16 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. cated at an altitude of 182 feet above Market street. There are forty miles of water mains four to twenty inches in di- ameter, 240 hydrants with a pressure of seventy pounds to the square inch or a direct pressure from pumps of 110 pounds. Chattanooga has three daily newspapers. The "Times," a morning paper, is one of the leading papers of the South. It was founded in 1869, and has been an influential sheet ever since. The other two papers are the "News*' and "Press," both evening papers, the former democratic and the latter republican in politics. Historical Points About Chattanooga )t\HE whole city is a historical point. Earth works and i battle lines covered the whole space, but some of the more prominent points have been marked and some of the buildings used for war purposes still stand. While age and decay have made it necessary in many cases to replace some parts of the structures, still there are quite a number of buildings that will be readily recognized by the old veterans who have possibly spent some time in them, either as prison- ers or under the care of a physician. The most noted land mark is the old army prison on the southwest corner of Fourth and Market streets. This is a three- story brick building and was used as an army prison by both armies. The city now owns it and uses it for a police station and court and city jail. Another building, not so large as the prison but none the less interesting, is the army pay station, a small, circular shaped building about 100 feet west of the Fire Hall on West Ninth street. This, like the former building mentioned, was 18 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. used by both armies. A cobbler now has his sign hanging above the door. The Read House now stands on the site of the old Crutcli- field House, which was used as a hospital, at one time accom- modating 500 men. College Hill, the eminence a few blocks southwest of the Read House, where the High School stands, was the site of thirteen hospitals used by both armies and accommodating over 1000 wounded. The headquarters of some of the officers were located as follows: Gen. Bragg, No. 407 East Fifth street; Gen. U. S. Grant, No. 316 Walnut street, which place was also Gen. Rosecrans' headquarters. Gen. Grant subsequently moved to No. 110 First street, which was also Gen. Sherman's head-^"' quarters. Gen. James A. Garfield was at home at No. 326\^ Walnut street. Gen. J. M. Brennan's headquarters were at^ No. 302 Walnut. Gen. W. B. Carlin and Confederate Gen. ; Ledbetter were at No. 218 Boyce street. Capt. Alder and Maj. J. B. Burch, provost-marshal, were located on northwest ' corner of West Seventh and Broad streets. The Adjutant General of the Army of the Cumberland was on the north- east corner of East Fourth and Walnut streets. The Adju- tant General of Bragg's army on the northeast corner of East Fourth and High streets. The batteries in the city were located as follows : Battery Bushnell, East Fourth street, west of Lindsay street. Battery Cooledge, on Cameron Hill. Battery Erwin, knoll south of East Ninth street, west of Peeples street. Battery Taf t, elevation corner East Eighth and "B" streets. Battery McAloon, on spur near mouth of Citico creek. Fort Cameron was on top of Cameron Hill, west of the city ; Fort Wood on the high point east of Palmetto street, between Fourth and Vine streets, near the eastern boundary GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 19 line of the city. Fort Negley was south of Montgomery ave- nue, just west of the Rossville road. Fort Lytle south end of College Hill. Stone Fort was on the land between the Custom House and the Western & Atlantic Railway. Fort Sherman extended from the corner of East Fifth and Walnut streets to Bluff View, on the river. Fort Wilder was on the ridge about 1000 feet east of Vallombrosa, and is in a better state of preservation than any of the forts about the city. Just below the bridge can be seen the remains of one of the piers of the army bridge. These piers were huge log cribs built with logs cut from the site where Hill City now stands, and filled with stone. The bridge was built by the Union army in 1863, and was washed away by the flood of 1867. Metal tablets in all parts of the city mark the sites of ev- ery prominent or interesting point during the war. Cameron Hill is the eminence in the western part of the city. During the war it was entirely covered with a dense growth of trees. From its summit the best view of the city and mountain can be had. Hotels. Read House is located on West Ninth street, opposite the Union depot. It is one of the finest and largest hotels in the city. It contains 225 rooms ; seating capacity of dining hall, 200. Rates, $2.50 to $4.00 per day. Southern, located corners Ninth, Chestnut and Carter streets, just west of Union depot. Partly destroyed by fire in 1894. Rates, $2.00 to $4.00 per day. Rossmore (formerly Kennedy), situate southeast corner 20 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. Ninth and Market streets. Abner L. Ross, proprietor. Rates, $2.00 to $2.50 per day. Shipp, Nos, 17 and 19 East Ninth street. Rates, $2.00 to $2.50 per day. Merchants, situated northwest corner Chestnut and West Seventh street. Abner L. Ross, proprietor. Rates, $1.50 to $2.00 per day. Stanton House, located on Market street, south of Central depot. Rates, $2.50 to $4.00 per day. St. James, situate No. 533 Market street. Rates, $1.00 per day. Allison House, situate 506-508 Market street. Rates, $1.00 per day. Commercial, situate 734-736 Georgia avenue. Rates, $1.00 per day. Garner House, situate 115^ Walnut street. Rates, $1.00 per day. Aldine, situate 117 McCallie avenue. National Hotel, situate 220 King street. Rates, $1.00 per day. Chattanooga House, 725 Cherry street. Rates, $1.00 per day. Lookout Inn, on top of Lookout Mountain, at end of Broad Gauge and Narrow Gauge Railways ; M, S. Gibson, manager. Rates, $3.00 to $5.00 per day. Point Hotel, located at head of Mountain Incline ; G. H. Sneed, manager. Rates, $2.00 to $3.00 per day. Lookout Mountain House, near Natural Bridge, on top of Lookout Mountain. Rates, $1.50 to $.200 per day. Park Hotel, situate at Crawfish Springs, on Chattanooga, Rome & Columbus Railway ; W. P. Kyle, manager. Rates, $2.00 per day, $10.00 per week. (See ad.) 22 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. Public Buildings. The United States Custom House is located between Tenth and Eleventh streets near Market. It is built entirely of white marble, cost about $200,000, and is one of the handsomest government buildings in the South. The Post- office, United States Federal Court, United States Commis- sioners of Civil Service and the Weather Bureau are in the building. The City Hall is in the brick building situated on the northeast corner of Georgia Avenue and Market Square. All of the city officers, except the Recorder's Court and Police Station, are in this building. The County Court House is situated on the block between Sixth and Seventh and Walnut streets and Georgia Avenue. It contains all the county offices and court rooms. The New Opera House stands on the northeast corner of Sixth and Market streets; it has been thoroughly overhauled and is a very attractive place. The seating capacity is about 1200. The Richardson Building is the largest office building in the city It is located between Market and Broad streets on Seventh. The Adams Block is situated between Georgia Avenue and Cherry streets on East Eighth street. It is built of brick and stone and cost about $45,000. The Evening News is printed in this building. GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 23 The Times Building is tlie handsome home of one of the best morning papers in the South. It was completed in 1892, and cost about $140,000. The Times occupies the basement, first, fifth and sixth floors ; the other three floors are occupied as offices, A free elevator runs to the top of the building, and from the dome one of the best views of the city can be had. Temple Court office building is situated on northeast cor- ner of Seventh and Cherry streets ; it cost about $45,000. The IVIountain City Club House is one of the handsomest buildings in the city ; it is situated opposite the Temple Court, and cost about $50,000. The Southern Express Building occupies the triangle be- tween Georgia Avenue, Market street and and Tenth street. It is occupied by the auditing departments of the Southern Express Company. The Orphans Home is situated No. 240 Vine street. The Erianger Hospital is situated on Harrison Avenue, near the city limits. The Union Depot is on West Ninth street opposite the Read House. The Central Depot is situated on Market street near the Stanton House. 24 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. Prominent Churches. Centenary M. E. Church South. Dr. J. P. McFerrin, pastor ; is situated on the northeast corner of East Eighth and ''A" streets. It was built in 1884 at a cost of $50,000. The seating capacity^ is 900. The spire 200 feet high. First M. E. Church (Stone Church). This is a beautiful structure, situated on the southeast corner of Georgia and JVlcCallie Avenues ; built entirely of blue limestone, costing about $50,000. Its seating capacity is about 800. The spire is 190 feet high. It was built in 1882. Dr. J. J. Manker is the present pastor. First Baptist. Situated on northeast corner Georgia Avenue and Oak street. This is one of the handsomest churches in the city ; it is built of pink sandstone, quarried at Sewanee, Tennessee. It was built in 1890 and cost about $75,000. The main tower is 125 feet high. It was partly de- stroyed by fire on December 30, 1894. Kev. R. B. Garrett is the present pastor. First Presbyterian. Situated on southwest corner of Georgia Avenue and Seventh street. Was built in 1883 at a cost of $30,000. Rev. J. W. Bachman, the present pastor, has been the pastor of this congregation for twenty-three years. Second Presbyterian. This is a beautiful building, situ- ated on southeast corner West Seventh and Pine streets, built entirely of stone. It is of the old Gothic style of architecture. It was built in 1890 and cost $50,000. The seating capacity is 600. Rev. W. J. Trimble, pastor. St. Pauls Episcopal is situated on the northwest corner West Seventh and Pine streets. It was built in 1889 and has a seating capacity of almost 1000. It is built of brick in the 26 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. old English style of architecture at a cost of $70,000. Rev. W. M. Pettis is rector. Sts. Peter and Paul's (Catholic). Is situated on East Eighth street, near Georgia Avenue. It is one of the finest churches in the South. It was built in 1889-90, at a cost of $150,000. Seating capacity is about 900. It is built of brick with stone trimmings and has two towers, each about 175 feet high. The church, together with the adjoining property owned by the church, is valued at about $275,000. Hebrew Synagogue. Situated on West side of Walnut street, between Fourth and Fifth streets. It has just been re- modeled and is a very {)retty church. Unitarian Church. Is situated on east side of Houston street, between McOallie Avenue and Oak street. Rev. S. R. Free, pastor. Cumberland Presbyterian. Is situated on northwest cor- ner of Oak and Lindsay streets. Rev. B. G. Mitchell, pastor. Christian Church. Is situated on west side of Walnut, between Seventh and Eighth streets. Rev. J. A. Setliff, pastor. Lutheran. The only German church in the city, is situ- ated on State street, in rear of the Stanton House. Rev. Adam Klein, pastor. Cemeteries. Confederate Cemetery. Take Oak street line to Baldwin street. Situated on north side East Fifth street, near Southern Railway. First established during the late civil war, while Chattanooga was in possession of the Confederate Govern- GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 27 ment. It contains about 2,500 bodies, gathered mainly through the efforts of the Ladies' Confederate Memorial Association from the battlefields of Mission Ridge, Chickamauga, cV:c. A handsome monument has been erected to their memory by the Association. Forest Hills. — A beautiful city of the dead ; situated near base of Lookout Mountain, about two miles south of city limits. Established and incorporated in 1880. It covers an area of about 115 acres. Mt. Olivet. — Take Mission Ridge car. Situated east of Mission Ridge. National Cemetery. — Take East Lake or Mission Ridge cars. This beautiful cemetery of seventy-tive and one-half acres contains only the remains of Union soldiers, and was established in 1863, during the conflict in this section. The number of interments to date are 13078, of which 4969 are classed "unknown." The "Register of the Dead" kept in the superintendent's lodge, gives the nativity, branch of service, &c., of the Union dead, as follows : Alabama 38, Georgia 11, Connecticut 30, Illinois 1103, Indiana 1338, Iowa 187, Kansas 58, Kentucky 369, Maine 1, Maryland 2, Massachusetts, 73, Michigan 489, Minnesota 107, Missouri 168, New Jersey 32, New York 346, Ohio 1823, Pennsylvania 198, Rhode Island 2, Tennessee 133, West Virginia 3, Wisconsin 238, United States Regulars 203, United States Colored Troops 861, United States Pioneer Corps 5, United States Signal Corps 3, Citizen Government Employes 14, Wisconsin 19. The "Andrews Raider's" monument is in this cemetery and the graves of these brave fellows surround it. 28 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. Suburbs. St. Elmo lies south of the city, at the base of Lookout Mountain. The plot of the novel by Mrs. Evans, entitled "St. Elmo," was laid at the northern portion of this suburb. The water supply is gotten from a large spring near the top of the mountain, and is always clear and cool. Alton Park lies east of Forest Hill Cemetery, adjoining St. Elmo. Mountain Junction lies beyond St. Elmo and adjoining it on the south. Kigliland Park lies east of the city, beyond the National Cemetery. It is the most populous suburb. It is furnished with city water. Orchard Knob lies east of the city and north of Highland Park. The Belt Railway runs through it and the Mission Ridge street cars within two blocks. Ridgedale lies at the base of Missionary Ridge and east of the city. It is also furnished with city water. East Lake is a pretty suburb beyond Ridgedale and about four and a half miles southeast of the city via street car or Belt Railway. There is a beautiful lake and pleasure resort here, and the St. Vincent Infirmary is located near the lake. Churchville (orBushtown) is a suburb built by the colored people. It lies three miles northeast of the city and north of Orchard Knob, The Belt Railway and the Harrison avenue street cars pass through it. Avondale lies about four miles northeast of the city and is reached by the Harrison pike and Belt Railway. 30 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. Sherman Heights is the farthest from the city and lies near the tunnel, at the northern end of Missionary Ridge. It is reached by the Belt Railway. East Chattanooga (or Boyce) lies near Sherman Heights. East End lies about three miles southeast of the city and is reached by the Belt Railway and Rossville road. Hill City is across the river, north of the city. General Information. Passenger Depots. — Union Depots situated on West Ninth street, opposite the Read House. The following trains enter here : Chattanooga Southern. Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway. Western & Atlantic Railway. Chattanooga & Lookout Mountain Railway. Chattanooga, Rome & Columbus Railroad. Central Depots situated on Market street, corner Union. The following trains enter : Cincinnati, New Orleans & Texas Pacific Railway (Queen & Crescent.) Southern Railway, East Tennessee Division. Southern Railway, Alabama Division. Southern Railway, Georgia Division. Memphis & Charleston Railroad. Chattanooga & Lookout Mountain Railway. Alabama Great Southern Railroad. Cincinnati Southern Railway. GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 31 Newby Street Depot, New by street, between Ninth and Tenth streets. Union Railway, for Ridgedale, East Lake, East End, Ratliff, Sherman Heights, East Chattanooga and Boyce. Tickets, five cents ; passengers without tickets, ten cents. Street Railways, Electric. Fare five cents. Cars for the following places leave the foot of Market street: Central Depot, National Cemetery, Highland Park, Orchard Knob, Missionary Ridge, Ridgedale, East Lake, Lookout Mountain Incline, St. Elmo, Forest Hills Cemetery, Alton Park, Moun- tain Junction, Churchville. Cars for the Bridge, Hill City, Vallombrosa and River- view leave corner Ninth and Broad streets. Streets are numbered from the river. Market street runs north and south. Houses are numbered from the river on streets running north and south, and from Market street on streets running east and west. Each block starts a new 100. Thus No. 203 Market street is between Second and Third streets ; No. 304 West Seventh street is in the fourth block west of Market street. Hack Ordinance. Maximum price to be asked by driver of any vehicle for carriage of passengers : To any place in city limits twenty-five cents each passenger ; fifty pounds of baggage free, trunks twenty-five cents, children between five and fourteen years, half price. Charges per hour : First hour $1.00, each additional hour or part of hour, seventy-five cents. Telegraph Offices.— Wester?! Union, West Ninth street, near Market street. Postal, No. 10 East Ninth, near Market street. Postoffice, in Custom House, between Ninth and Tenth streets. General delivery and stamp windows open daily from 7 a. m. to 11 p. m. ; Sunday, 9 to 10 a. m. ; 6 : 30 to 7 : 30 32 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. p. m. Money Order Window, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. daily except Sunday. Y. M. C. A., 118 East Eighth street, second floor. Free reading rooms open 8 a. m. to 10 p. m. Banks. — First National, southwest corner Broad and West Eighth streets. Bank of Chattanooga, southeast corner Broad and West Eighth streets. Third National, southwest corner Market and Seventh streets. Chattanooga National, southeast corner Market and Ninth streets. Citizens Bank & Trust Company, northeast corner Broad and Ninth streets. Chattanooga Savings Bank, southwest corner Cherry and East Eighth streets. South Chattanooga Savings Bank, northeast corner Market street and Montgomery Avenue. Police Headquarters, corner Fourth and Market streets. City Hall, corner Georgia Avenue and Market Square. The Best Views of the city can be had from Cameron Hill or from the "Times'" dome. Free elevators run day and night to the top of the Times Building. Directing Points. — Lookout Mountain is south of the city ; Missionary Ridge east; Cameron Hill west; Tennessee River north. Market street runs north and south. Admission to all pleasure resorts and natural scenery points is free. 34 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGiV AND BATTLEFIELDS. Waldens Ridge. WALDENS RIDGE is situated across the Tennessee river several miles north of the city and is a part of the Cumberland Range. It is almost as high as Lookout Mountain, and a favorite resort for invalids, because of the celebrated chalybeate, sulphur and freestone springs found there. Eminent physicians in all parts of the country recognize the advantages of the Ridge and are recommending it to their patients who are afflicted with throat and lung troubles. The plateau is from seven to fourteen miles wide. Fine crops of fruits and potatoes are raised. In the sparsely settled sections deer, wild turkey and small game are abundant. Bears are occasionally found in the deep gulches and ravines. The natural scenery is unsurpassed for grandeur. North Chickamauga Creek, which flows through Rattle- snake Gulch, loses itself under the rocks for hundreds of yards, then suddenly reappearing, plunges along in small cascades until it reaches another deep pool, when it again dis- appears. Lake Luella is a body of clear water surrounded on three sides by a sheer precipice 200 or 300 feet high. It has no visible supply or outlet, yet the water is always fresh and clear as crystal. Its depth has never been ascertained. Big Falling Water arid Little Falling Water are noted points and well worth the time and exertion necessary to reach them. Coal is found all along the ridge. The mines at Daisy and Soddy, fifteen miles from Chattanooga, extend several miles back into the mountain. GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 35 Lookout Mountain. VrdlE SUBJECT of this brief sketch needs no introduction. 1 Reference to the illustrations will give a better idea of the mountain than will any attempt at description. Various features and points of interest cannot, however, be made clear by the pictures alone, and the following notes will be useful to the visitor. The mountain lies about two miles southwest of Chatta- nooga. It rises 1,700 feet above the city and 2,300 feet above sea level. The top is a table land, varying in width from 100 feet to two miles ; it tapers to a point at the northern end, forming Point Lookout, from which is a magnificent view of the city, the valleys, and the river for miles up and down stream. The Point is a solid rock which rises like a palisade a hun- dred feet or more above the slope of the mountain. The Point Hotel is built just below this huge rock, the roof being some twenty-five feet below the level of the rock. Access to the top of the mountain is had by a cable in- cline, a broad gauge railway and a good mountain pike. The incline connects with the street railways from the city ; it was built in 1887; is 4550 feet long ; the grade averages about thirty-three to 100 feet, and it is the only incline in the world that has a curve. It changes its course just below the pali- sades at the point and terminates at the Point Hotel. The incline cost a hundred thousand dollars. A new cable has just been put in. It was tested to hold one hundred tons but it is never subjected to more than ten tons weight. A narrow gauge railway connects with the incline at the Point Hotel and runs to Lookout Inn by a circuitous route, passing Sunset Rock, Garden of the Gods and Natural Bridge. The Broad Gauge runs from the city, climbing the mountain 36 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. from a point on the eastern side about four miles south of the Point. It winds around the front of the mountain over the plateau where the " Battle Above the Clouds" was fought. The terminus is at Lookout Inn. The view from the Point makes the city, the ridge, the river and the valleys appear like a huge relief map. From this point seven states of the Union can be seen ; Tennessee, Kentucky, Alabama and Georgia lie in close proximity, while in the dim distance can be seen peaks in Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. Moccasin Bend is at the base of the mountain and is so-called on account of the peculiar course of the river which flows around a point of land form- ing the exact shape of a moccasin. Just below the point on the sloping plateau stands the Cravens House. On this plateau was fought the famous "Battle above the Clouds " which in reality was fought in the cloud and not above it. West of the point and just south of the hotel is ''Ropers Rock," a cliff about 125 feet high, so named on account of Wm, Roper having accidently stepped off the rock and lost his life. The top of the mountain being a table land, the residents of Chattanooga have taken advantage of this fact and built summer homes where they can escape the heat of the city during the summer season. There are quite a number of good homes on the mountain whose owners occupy them all the year round. There is a postoffice on the mountain and several stores, also a war relic museum and a photograph gallery. The water supply is obtained partly from springs, and the City Water Company has utilized a water fall in Lookout Moun- tain Cave, which water is pumped into a large stand pipe at the top of the mountain which supplies the "Inn" and resi- dents surrounding it. - The places of interesting natural scenery are quite numerous. Umbrella Rock at the point of the mountain is a n 38 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. large flat rock weighing several tons, and lies on top of several smaller rocks, over-lapping like an umbrella. Sunset Rock is a high cliff on the west side of the mountain just below a station of that name on the Narrow Gauge Railway. The Garden of the Gods is near Sunset Rock and is so called from the numerous curious rock formations. Signs on the rocks di- rect you to JVoah^s Ai'k^ a huge rock resembling a large boat. Damon and Pythias are two immense rocks standing in close proximity and connected at the top by a rustic bridge. Canopy Rock and MohameC s Tonib and Basin Rock can be easily found and recognized. Basin Rock is a receptacle for cards and yours w^ill add to the interest of it. The Eighth Wonder of the World is one of the most pe- culiar natural formations in the world. It over-looks a deep chasm which is spanned by a huge rock forming a natural bridge. Just below the Eighth Wonder is the DemVs Fire- place with the flue in plain sight. Snake Rock is a peculiar formation which projects over a cliff and resembles a snake's head. Natural Bridge is about a mile across the mountain near the eastern crest. This is a huge rock about fifteen feet high and about sixty feet long. Underneath is a spring of moun- tain water. Just at the left is a large rock with a small hole through it — this is Telephone Rock. A short distance to the right of Natural Bridge is the Old Man of the Mountain^ ^ rock about twenty-five feet high and resembling the face of an aged man. Down the ravine a short distance from Nat- ural Bridge is a fine spring of iron water. Rock Village and Rock City Q,?^xi\>e^t be visited by car- riage ; they are about three miles south of the Inn, and the wonderful rock formations will amply repay a visit to them. Rock City is a short distance further than Rock Village and is an immense mass of conglomerate sandstone cut up by crevasses or streets as they are called. The rocks rise on either side from fifty to 100 feet and at places almost connect at the GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 39 top. Passing two Sentinels, two large rocks at the entrance, Grand Corridor is reached ; from this you pass into Long Street which ends in Fat Marl's Miserly, which name explains itself. From Rock City a magnificent view of Chattanooga valley and Chickamauga battlefield can be had. Lulu Lake is about seven miles from the Inn and is reached by a fairly good mountain road. The lake is a pool of water in a basin shaped rock about 100 feet in diameter. Just below the lake is Lulu Falls, where the water plunges over a precipice 125 feet high. At the base is a large cave which extends entirely around and back of the falls. An- other route to the lake is by way of the Chattanooga Southern Railway from the city to Flintstone, then walking up the side of the mountain to the lake. As a health resort Lookout Mountain is becoming more popular every year. The altitude and health giving springs are the cause of physicians recommending this as a resort for people afilicted with throat and lung troubles, and scores of people give the mountain credit for the restoration of their health. To the sightseer or lover of nature a trip to Lookout Mountain and its attractions will amply repay the fatigue and expense of a trip from any point on our continent, and the impressions and inspiration of the views from the moun- tain will never leave his mind. 40 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. Chickamauga and Chattanooga Na- tional Military Park. / I \ HE GROUND which bears the above name is a park only i in the sense that it has been restored, as nearly as pos- sible, to its condition at the time of the battles. The old lines of works and old houses which were land-marks in the battles and which were destroyed have been restored and no work has been done for merely decorative purposes. The Monuments were erected as memorials to the brave men who fought and fell on this bloody field, and the whole is intended to be a memorial national park. We state this for the purpose of disabusing the minds of any who might expect to find the landscape decoration and attractions found in public parks. Such things are unnecessary in this instance, as the bare ground, with its memories of the past, is sufficient to make this an intensely interesting place to all who are fa- miliar with our history. The first move toward establishing this park was made by several eminent Federal and Confederate soldiers who fought on this field. They quietly worked up a sentiment among the survivors in favor of the park, and during the re- union of the Army of the Cumberland, held in Chattanooga in 1889, the matter was presented at a special meeting held at Crawfish Springs, which resulted in the organization known as the Chickamauga Memorial Association, with Gen. J. T. Wilder, of Johnson City, Tenn., President ; Gen. Jos. Wheeler, Alabama, Vice-President; Gen. Marcus J. Wright, Washing- ton, D. C, Secretary, and Gen. J. S. Fullerton, St. Louis, Treasurer, and a board of directors, consisting of fourteen Union and fourteen Confederate commanders. The associa- 42 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. tioii at once took steps to procure an ai)propriation from the U. S. Government to carry out the plans of the organiza- tion. Commissioners were appointed to present the matter to iiovernors and legislatures of all the states which had troops in the battle. An appropriation of $125,000 was readily ob- tained from the Government at the next session of Congress, the bill passing both honses unanimously. This money was used in purchasing the ten square miles of land lying between Chickamauga Creek on the east, Craw- fish Springs road on the west, McFarland's Gap on the north and Lee and Gordon's mill on the south. This tract embraces most of the heavy fighting ground of the campaign ; in build- ing the thirty-six miles of macadamized roads through the park and along Missionary Ridge. The latter, the central driveway, is twenty miles long, extending from Sherman Heights to Glass mill and forming one of the most pleasant and picturesque driveways in the world. As a result of the visits of the commission to the several legislatures, each state sent a delegation to the ground for the purpose of locating the position of troops and fighting lines. These delegations, in co-operation with the National com- mission and by careful study, determined the positions of both sides with sufficient accuracy to justify the erection of historical tablets setting forth the composition, commanders and movements of the different organizations. Large histori- cal tablets three feet by four wnth the lettering cast in the plate are erected along the main boulevards, giving a con- densed yet comprehensive statement of the movements of troops at these points. Besides these, there are smaller guide tablets at every cross roads, giving distances and directions to the prominent points of the field. The fighting positions of all batteries are marked by guns of the same kind used in the battle, mounted upon cast iron carriages painted so as to be an exact representation of the original. Eight pyramids of eight-inch shells mark the spots where four Union and GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 43 four Confederate general officers fell. The lines of works and of each day's battles have been marked and restored^ and the spots of each regiment where it made its most notable record have been marked by granite. The eleven Northern and eleven Southern States which had organizations in the battles have all made liberal appro- priations for the erection of handsome monuments. Ohio, which had 56 organizations in the battle of Chickamauga and 71 at Lookout Mountain and Chattanooga, heads the list with $90,000 for monuments on the Chickamauga field and $5,000 for the expenses of her commissioners. Minnesota appropri- ated $15,000 for five monuments for her three organizations. Massachussets erected a fine monument to her two. New York followed with an appropriation of $81,000, and all the other States erected handsome and fitting memorials. The Govern- ment has erected five steel towers 70 feet high at prominent points in the park and along the ridge. One is at Sherman Heights, the northern end of the park, the next at Bragg's headquarters on Missionary Ridge, one near Hall's Ford, where Bragg's Army first formed for battle, one near Jay's Mill where the battle actually began, and the other is on Snodgrass Hill. They are all in sight of each other and the series of observations when combined will command the whole field at a glance. The Wilder brigade is erecting a stone tower 110 feet high near the Widow Glenn's house, from which a fine view of the park can be had. The Government has purchased the tract containing the field works of Gen. Sherman's Army at the north end of Mis- sionary Ridge and which are in an excellent state of preser- vation. As soon as the appropriation necessary is secured this part of the original plan of the park will be completed. The park when completed will cost more than a million dol- lars and will be the most comprehensive and extended military object lesson in the world. Two models in relief, one of the fields about Chattanooga, including Lookout 44 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLETIELDS. Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Orchard Knob, Wauhatchie, and Brown's Ferry, and another of the Chickamauga Field have been prepared by the Government Engineer, Mr. Betts, and will be on exhibition during the dedication. A Brief Sketch of the Chickamauga Battles, September 19 and 20, 1863. FTER GENERAL ROSECRANS had gained possession of Chattanooga and Bragg, commanding the Confed- erates,';had fallen back to Chickamauga, the latter laid his plans for a general engagement and attack on the Federal forces which had pursued him to Chickamauga. His main object was to recapture Chattanooga, throwing his army between Gen, Rosecrans and Chattanooga, but on account of the failure of some of his generals to execute his commands and other obstacles, he was unable to accomplish his design. His purpose to flank the Federals was discovered early in the morning of the nineteenth of September, and then com- menced the battle of Chickamauga, one of the bloodiest of the war. Both sides fought bravely all day, neither gaining advantage. Before daylight of the twentieth, each division and brigade of Rosecrans' command was in the position that had been assigned it during the night. A dense fog hung over the field until 9 o'clock, when it lifted and a furious onslaught was made by the Confederates, and from noon until night the five divisions of Thomas' line resisted and held in check the entire Confederate force. GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 45 The battle of Chickamauga was one of the most remark- able of the whole war, inasmuch as neither army was vic- torious and each withdrew from the field. The losses sustained were appalling. Each commander claimed he fought superior numbers, but from official report we learn that Gen. Rosecrans had in action thirty brigades of infantry, five of cavalry, one of mounted in- fantry and thirty-three batteries, aggregating 56,160 officers and men. His casualities were, 1,656 killed, 9,749 wounded, and 4,774 missing, a total of 16,179. Gen. Bragg had thirty- five brigades of infantry, ten of cavalry and about thirty batteries ; probably all told, 65,000 men. He lost 2,389 killed, 13,412 wounded, 2,000 missing, a total of 17,S01. A combined total of 33,980 for both armies. Failing to defeat his enemy in battle, Gen. Bragg now proceeded to so post his forces on Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain as to besiege the enemy and starve them by cutting off communication with Nashville, their seat of supplies, both by river and rail. Battles of Orchard Knob, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. )t\ HE FEDERAL troops lying besieged in Chattanooga, 1 cut off from supplies and reduced to quarter rations, were almost at the point of starving and surrendering when Gen. Grant arrived, October 23, ]863, and took inimedi- 46 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. ate steps toward raising the siege. By November 18, his plan was to have Sherman, who was north of the river across from Missionary Kidge with his troops, effect a crossing near Chickamauga creek and attack the Confederates near the tunnel at the north end of the ridge, then with the aid of Thomas, make an attack all along up the valley, which if successful would reopen communication with Nashville, the seat of supplies, at the same time driving the enemy from Missionary Ridge. These plans were delayed by Sherman not being able to effect the crossing desired. On the twenty- third of November, Sherman having crossed the river attacked the enemy at the tunnel, but was repulsed and forced to retreat to the west side of Chickamauga creek. At the same time Gen. Wood's division (Federal) made a rapid advance on Orchard Knob, gaining that point after a sharp engagement. Orchard Knob was the strongest point of the Confederate line in the valley in front of Missionary Ridge, and when it was captured they withdrew from the valley to the foot and crest of the ridge. On the next day, November 24, Gen. Hooker was ordered to attack Lookout Mountain. His aggregate force for the attack was 9,681. He crossed the river at Brown's Ferry, marched up the west side of the mountain and arotind to the front to the plateau where the Cravens' House stands, where he met Walthall and fought the famous "Battle Above the Clouds," which lasted until two or three o'clock in the after- noon, when the fighting ceased, the Confederates withdraw- ing from the mountain during the night of November 25, to Missionary Ridge. During the action the Union batteries on Moccasin Point were in active play on the mountain, while the Confederates on top of the mountain shelled the Union forces after they reached the Cravens House, with two Na- poleon guns placed at the extreme point of the mountain. They were also busy as sharp-shooters and in rolling rocks down the sides of the mountain. GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 47 After the battles of Orchard Knob and Lookout Moun- tain the Confederate forces were concentrated along the crest and in trenches at the base of Missionary Ridge. The next day, the twenty-fifth of November, the terrible battle of Missionary Ridge was fought. Gen. Sherman hav- ing crossed to the east side of Chickamauga creek, com- manded the left of the Federal forces. Gen. Thomas the center, lying along in front of Orchard Knob, and Gen. Hooker the right, which reached to Rossville. Gen. Bragg occupied the ridge from the tunnel to Rossville, making a line of battle over eight miles long. Gen. Grant directed the Union forces from Orchard Knob. At a signal of six successive cannon shots from Orchard Knob at 3 :15 p. m., the whole line rushed at double quick for the enemy's seemingly impregnable position. The orders were to capture the entrenchments at the base of the ridge and stop ; but enthused with success, instead of obey- ing orders to stop at the base, the whole line dashed up the rugged side of the ridge under the most deadly fire, captur- ing the ridge simultaneously at six different places, hurling the Confederates in a precipitous retreat down the east side of the ridge, turning their own guns upon them in their flight. This ended the battles about Chattanooga. Many of the best informed Confederate soldiers felt that their cause was doomed at Missionary Ridge on the twenty-fifth day of November, 1863, but with a valor worthy of American sol- diers they prolonged the struggle for many weary months. 48 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. Synopsis of Military Movements About Chattanooga. IN AUGUST, 1863, Gen. Bragg's forces were in possession of Chattanooga. The Federals, under Rosecrans, lay west of the Cumberland Mountains at Winchester. The latter bj' a feint created the belief that he was going to attack the former from Walden's Ridge ; but the main army crossed the river at Bridgeport, thirty-five miles west of the city, his intention being to compel Bragg to evacuate the city; which he did September 7, retreating down the Chattanooga valley toward Lafayette. The Union army followed and the battles of Chickmauga were fought September 19 and 20. After these battles the Union army returned to Chatta- nooga and the Confederates occupied Lookout Mountain, Orchard Knob and a line across the valley. On November 23, Gen. Thomas drove the Confederates off Orchard Knob. On the next day Gen. Hooker attacked the Confederates on Lookout Mountain, by crossing the river at Brown's Ferry and marching up the west side of the mountain to the front, where the famous Battle Above the Clouds was fought. This resulted in the Confederates leav- ing the mountain and concentrating their forces at the foot and along the top of Missionary Ridge, where they were assaulted and defeated on the twenty-first of November, 1863. In this brief space of three months and nine days, from August 16, when the Federals began the Chickamauga cam- paign, to November 25, when it ended on Missionary Ridge, about 34,000 men lost their lives, thousands were wounded R-i <^l > — J Ty/''"////^i'///( •■>//, str?^ tV "'^'•#^|V#n^JW #^^>^.v rt/'^i' ^\v:^- ^.:^ ^. ■ = .xv^s. % ===g ^^ §?J -'^S^ii ,![3^ >'-1>'J i ?>; ■ i -sT^V^b ^^''^U*^^,ti?*J :i;i;5*! f.oJ», w fpfc^^.SP 'I ■•^■, '.^ ^' F ^^ 1^^ ^ Jt l^ \ Iff << States. a •3 > a -1 c p Indiana 26 28 ] 13 4 1 42 3 4 5 2 129 3 4 2 3 2 2 1 1 18 8 5 2 1 10 1 4 3 1 35 37 33 1 17 8 2 55 6 2 y 9 3 182 Alabama Arkansas 23 12 1 5 12 5 4 17 4 7 36 10 2 138 5 1 4 5 2 1 1 12 2 33 8 3 1 7 2 3 4 2 1 8 1 1 41 36 Illinois 16 Kansas Kentucky Con. Regulars... Florida Georgia Kentucky Louisiana 5 6 Michigan 24 Minnesota 9 Ohio 8 Pennsylvania Missisippi 21 Tennessee Vn. States Missouri N. Carolina 2 5 \Visconsin Missouri S. Carolina Tennessee . . 8 56 Texas V^irffinia 13 3 Total Total ?•>•>, In addition to the al)ove full organizations, Indiana and Illinois had each three regiments of mounted Infantry, and Ohio had one company of sharpshooters. Besides the above full organizations, Alabama had seven battalions of infantry, Georgia four, Louisiana one, Nississippi three. South Carolina two, and Tennessee five, and West Virginia had four full companies in one of the Viriiinia infantry regiments included 60 GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. above, and numerous representatives in the other companies of each of the regiments from Virginia. Alabama had two companies of cavalry, Georgia one, Louisiana two, Mississippi one and Tennessee two. CHATTANOOGA. GRANT. BRAGG. States. a Ml s < > o E States p M o < > CD o Illinois 45 31 10 1 11 1 4 2 14 1 14 61 10 7 1 220 1 1 3 5 10 3 1 1 1 3 2 5 2 1 3 4 36 5.5 34 11 1 12 1 6 3 17 1 16 69 12 1 10 11 1 261 'Alabama 31 7 5 36 5 4 15 36 6 2 1 168 5 1 5 3 1 1 11 2 4 33 8 3 1 9 1 2 1 2 4 2 7 1 5 46 44 Indiana Iowa lArkansas Florida 11 6 Kansas Georgia 50 Kentucky Kentucky 9 Massachussetts .... [liOuisiana 7 Michigan Minnesota . Maryland Missouri JMississippi North Carolina . South Carolina . Tennessee Texas 1 2 Missouri New Jersey 19 3 New York Oliio Pennsylvania 15 54 9 Tennessee Wisconsin U. S. Regulars West Virginia Total Virginia Con. Regulars Total 7 5 242 In addition to the above, Illinois and Indiana had each one regiment of mounted infantry and Ohio had one battalion of sharpshooters. The above represents Gen. Bragg's army before the de- tachment of forces to East Tennessee. , Besides the complete organizations named, Alabama had five battalions of infantry, Georgia six, Kentucky one, Louisiana two, Mississippi two, South Carolina two, and Tennessee three, Kentucky had three battalions of cavalry, Tennessee two and Virginia one. GUIDE TO CHATTANOOGA AND BATTLEFIELDS. 51 Routes to Lookout Mountain. — There are three routes : One by way of street cars and incline ; one by way of Broad Gauge Rail- way, which trains leave Union depot, opposite Read House and Central Depot ; third, by carriage, driving south on Market street to Montgomery avenue, west to ^Vhiteside street, south on AVhiteside street through St. Elmo to the mountain pike. Missionary Ridge. — Take Mission Ridge cars on Market street. In driving, go either by way of McOallie or Mont- gomery avenues, both of which are direct routes to the top of the ridge. Waiden's Ridge. Hill City cars to Vallombrosa and hack line from there ; or, by way of hacks from the city which start at the Rossmore Hotel, corner Ninth and Market streets. National Cemetery. — Take Mission Ridge or East Lake cars. Confederate Cemetery. — Mission Ridge cars to Baldwin street. Cliicl— 1 o 3 00 —> fii o C 3 D ^^ SB o o 00 3 a- rD X cr :ir ^ ^^ • a- TJ fti n Hj n- p^ O f— t- 1 1 p^ ,_(- ■—I ,-j o rt o C/Q TU ^ -^ o T3 -^ H rt>" 13* 0/^ O MX • OO O O 3 ^^ rt> ^^ O ro ►-1-1 ,_^ •- D- no rtj p^ ) 1 c/Q 1— t- rt> p>i ^^- c; CD -^-> 0^ (— K o O a> ^ ^^ o ^ n 00 "n cr p^ c 3 7q 00 ^ We make a specialty of putting up Trayelers Lnuclies. Ninth and Broad Sts., under Read House. Cafe, Restaurant and Lunch Room for La- dies and Gentlemen. CHATTANOOGA, TENN. Read House, . . . Chattanooga, Tennessee. OPPOSITE UI\IOW DEPOT Rates, $2 to $4 per Day, According to Location of Room. Electric Car.H pass the door for Looliout Mountain, St. Elmo, Mission Ridge, Vallom- brosa. Fort Wilder and all suburbs. SAM'L R. READ, Hanager. The "ROSSMORE." (Formerly Kennedy House.) The Business Center of Cliatta- nooga, Tenn. Electric Cars to and from the Depots and all Points of Interest pass this Hotel. Pine Front Rooms; wide Halls; prac- tically lire proof. Polite, prompt attention. Lookout Mountain in full view from Hotel Veranda. Rates— $2 and $2.50 per Day. according to location of roinns. ABNER L. ROSS, Prop'r. Clkrks— Horace Kayless, Clias. Elliot. Merchants Hotel, Cor. Eiglith and Chestnut Sts. Pleasant Location in Cliattanooga, Tenn. One block from Union Depot. One block from Electric Cars. Forty Front Rooms. Electric Lights and Bells in every room. Polite attention. Information about battlefields and points of historic interest freely furnished. Rates— $1 50 to $2.00 per Day. Special by the week. ABNER L. ROSS, Prop'r. Clerks— W. T. Eaton, Geo. N. Ingle. THE TITLE GUARANTY AND TRUST CO., 619 Walnut Street, Opposite Court House, TITERS GURANTEED, ABSTRACTS PREPARED, TRUSTS EXECUTED, CONVEYANCING, TAX SEARCHES. H. C. Beck, Pres't. J. K. Hodges, Sec'y. W. S. BECK, Abstractor. A. M. JOHNSON, Prest. J. W. JOHNSON. Vice-Prest. J. L. DAVIES. Treasurer. Chattanooga HaFduiaFe Go., SUCCESSORS TO Carter=iVlagin Hardware Co., HARDWARE, Cor. 7th and Market Sts. and 14 E. 7th St., Chattanooga, Tenn. D.P.HENDERSON & CO., ri"S^ 724 MARKET STREET, Oliattanooga, Teaanessee. THOS. ROWELL. J. F SWITZ. Wall Paper, Interior Deeorations and JVIouldings. n5S!8?hstf" ; . . . Chattanooga, Tenn. 1872. J. J. MACK, 1895. SANITARY PLUMBING, GAS FIXTURES, GARDEN HOSE. WATER FILTERS, IDEAL METAL POLISH. , .., „ 'Phone 562. 114 W. 8th Street STENOGRAPHERS. HITnT ATTflTTT TM 432 Richardson Bl'k. All Kinds of Stenographic Work. Do You Like It ? WIVES, SISTERS, MOTHERS, Do you like the Hat, Suit, Pants or Shirt your Husband, Brother, or Son wears? If Not, Send Him to Glenn Sa Shaw, 825 Market Street. Hats and Gents' Furnishings a Specialty. 'PHONE 550. ^ » \A/ILOmf 'PHONE 550. Plambing, Steam and Gas Fitting, Low Pressure Steam and Hot Water Heating. Dealer in Pumps, Hose and PJumbing Supplies, Plans and Estimates made promptly. NO 2ioT^treet ! CHattaHooga, Tenn. SEE OUR VIEWS MiiiA^K^Tsr '4 ciiictaiiiaiip Battle Fiells Chattanoo?a. ism ' Photographer, 815 Market St., Chattanooga, Tenn. F. J. WARRENFELS. DENTIST, No. 813 Market Street, CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE. S. p. WILLIAMS, Pies. THEO. V. MEYER, Yice-Pres. and Gen. Mgr. The Tennessee River Transportation Company. The only line of Steamers running regularly between Chattanooga, Bridge- port, Guntersville, Decatur, Rockwood, Kingston and all river landings. Our boats are all well equipped tor the comfort of passengers. Special rates made for large shipments of freight and towing. Particular attention given to Excursion Parties to Shellmound, Nickojack Cave, on Tennessee river. For rates and further information, apply to office of company, corner Water and Broad Sts., Chattanooga, Tenn. No 717 WALNUT STREET, CHATTANOOGA. NATIONAL MILITARY PARK. The National Militai-y Park, Chickamauga-Chattanooga. An Histor- ical Guide. With 24 full page view.s, 8 maps, etc. By Gen. Henry V. BOYNTON. 12 mo.; pp. :i27; Cloth, $1..50. Don't leave the city until you have purchased a copy. 823 Market St. T. H. FJV^YKTE & OO H. J. ERWIN. H. S. MAXW^:LL. FINEST IN THE CITY. THE flGIVIE BflRBER SHOP, 816 Market Street, / Between Eighth and Ninth. S Chattanooga, Tennessee. THE FINEST BATHS IN THE CITY. •9 DEALERS IN China, Glassware, Tinware, Novelties, Toys, Confections, Fruits, Candies, Cigars, Tobaccos, Etc. BA.K.OA.IKrS iTsr E"^rEK.Ya?H:iKro. 244, 246 and 248 East Montgomery Ave., CHATTANOOGA, TENN. GROCERY, 3 Montgomery Ave. JOSEPH WASSMER, PRACTICAL UPHOLSTERER, 108 East Eighth St., Next to News Office, Manufacturer of all kinds of Upholstered Furniture, such as Parlor Suits, Odd Chairs, Couches, Lounges, Spring Mattresses, etc. Recovering of Parlor Furniture a Specialty. Mail orders will receive prompt attention. Point Hotel, Lookout IWountain, Tenn. The view from the Point Hotel is matchless and un- excelled. The air is singu- larly exhilarating- and inspir- ing, and being 1,700 feet above the city of Chatta- nooga, presents to the view scenery unsurpassed in the Alps or Andes. For terms, address Gilbert H. Sneed, Chattanooga, Tenn. J. Kki.I) Fkkukk. Herman Ferger. J. Fred Ferger & Bro., Insaranee, Rental and Real Estate Agents. We make a Specialty of the Rental and Sale of First-Class Improved Residence and Business Property. We Represent $35,000,000.00 Insurance Capital. Reference: Fii-i-t National Bank and Bai k of Chatiaioojra. office: 102 KAST EIGHTH STREET. STAR STEAM LAUNDRY. 813 Chestnut St.. CHATTANOOGA. F. G. COTTON, Propr. TELEPHONE 113. War relics FROM- CHICKAMAU&A, MISSION RIDGE aiifl : BATTLEFIELDS. LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN One of the finest collections in the city, containing some of the rarest relics of the war. Cedar Canteens, C. S. A. and U. S. Buckles, Swords, Guns, Pistols, etc. Get a Souvenir Minnie Ball with views of Lookout Mountain and Chickamauga Park in it. Call on or address WAR RELICS, 102 East Eighth St., Chattanooga, Tenn. If You Want to Locate in Chattanooga either for Residence, Mer- cantile or Manufacturing purposes, write ^^ J. FRED FERQER & BRO., Insurance, Rental and Real Estate Agents, Chattanooga, Tenn. PARK HOTEL, Chickamauga, Qa. Model of Architectural Beauty. Elegantly Furnished, Has Steam Heat, Incandescent Light, Electric Bells, Hot and Cold Baths, Lawn Tennis. AN ELEGANT TALLY HO COACH Is Run in Connection with Hotel. Magnitlcent Drives, Historic Grounds, Adjoins National Park. Beautiful Lake, Baths and Boating. TRAINS TO CHATTANOOGA h^h FARE, 25 CENTS.- EVERY TWO HOURS Rates, $2.00 and Up per Day. Special by Week or Month. „___ Address WM. P. KYLE. Manager. 014 611 277 8 DLD UU., 826-828 BROAD STREET, Chattaoooga., Tenn. LIVERY, BOilHOING and SALE STflBltES. Experienced drivers acquainted with points of in- terest. Particular attention to visitors and outing parties. We take care of excursions and large parties. Wire us at our expense. See our large map at Broad Street office. S. W. OHLS, Manager. Branch on Lookout Mountain. ELLIS REES, Manager. C. C. WELLS & C0~ DEALERS IN- Staple and Fancy Groeeries, Country Produce, Hay, Feed, Etc. 'Phone 584. 220 Montgomery Ave. It Is A Fact ! The True Battle-Field Route. NASHVILLE, CHATTANOOGA & SLLOUIS RAILWAY WESTERN & ATLANTIC RAILROAD l'as<(^s Ihroii^rii more ot the Bartle-Fiolds of the Cival War than any • •thci- line. Short Line to Chattanooga trooi St. Louis, Chicago, and all points North aiul West, also from Atlanta and the Southeast. for the International Conference of the THE OFFICIAL ROUTE TO. Chattanooga ,„a Epworth League, JUNE 27-30. 1895. DEDICATION OF THE Chickamauga National Park, SEPTEMBER. 1895. Pullman Palace Sleepers on all through trains. Model Day Coaches, with Lavatory and Smoking Kooms on all trains, both day and night. SPEED. W. L. DANLEY, COWFORT. Gen'l Pass, and Ticket Agent, SAFETY. NASHVILLE, TENN. The LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 014 611 277 8 Southern Railway Offers to the Traveller Quick Time, Elegant Equipment, Unexcelled Service. CONVENIENT SCHEDULES Between CHATTANOOGA, DALTON, ROADIE, ATLANTA, All Points in ALABAMA, GEORGIA and the SOUTHEAST. Shortest Line to Florida. Most Beautiful and Picturesque Line To , WASHINGTON, BALTIMORE, PHILADELPHIA, NEW YORK, BOSTON and the East. Only Line to Asheville and " The Land of the Sky." From any of the above named points to Chattanooga, the scheo and service of the Southern Kailway are unexcelled. J. M. Sutton, C. E. Jackson, Trav. Pass. Agt., City Pass, and Ticket Agt., Ill West Ninth St., Chattanooga, Tenn. W. A. Turk, Gen. Pass. Agt., C, A. Benscoter, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agt, Washington, D. C. Knoxville, Teun,