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OR AX 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 TO 
 
 ANGLO-SAXON READING, 
 
 COMPRISING 
 
 ^LFRIC'S HOMILY 
 
 ox 
 
 THE BIRTHDAY OF ST. GREGORY : 
 
 WITH 
 
 A PRELIMINARY ESSAY 
 
 ON 
 
 THE UTILITY OF ANGLO-SAXON. 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS FROM ALFRED'S BEDE AND THE 
 SAXON CHRONICLE, AND 
 
 A COPIOUS GLOSSARY. 
 
 L. LANGLEY, F.L.S. 
 
 "Anglo-Saxon and Gothic ought long ago to have made a part of the 
 education of youth. " — Home Tooke. 
 
 LONDON : 
 JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 
 
 4, OLD COMPTON STREET, SOHO. 
 MDCCCXLIV. 
 
,L3 
 
TO 
 THE RIGHT HONOURABLE 
 
 THE EARL FITZWILLIAM. 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 To no one can this little work be in- 
 scribed with more propriety than to Your Lordship. 
 From the venerable institutions of our Saxon an- 
 cestors Your Lordship derives the title to which 
 your conduct in public and in the privacy of do- 
 mestic retirement adds so much real dignity and 
 lustre. Wiiilst, too, Literature and Science enjoy 
 in Your Lordship an enlightened ana zealous pa- 
 tron, Your Lordship has ever cherished an earnest 
 a 2 
 
desire to promote the higher and better interests of 
 mankind, by diffusing, in richer abundance, the be- 
 nefits and blessings of the Gospel, whose propitious 
 introduction, celebrated in the Homily now pre- 
 sented to the public, rescued our Saxon forefathers 
 from idolatry and barbarism, and opened the way 
 to the present greatness of our noble land. Long 
 may Your Lordship continue to throw a protecting 
 arm over the sacred cause of Religion and Virtue, 
 as well as lend the fostering hand to Learning and 
 the Arts. 
 
 I have the honour to subscribe myself, with every 
 sentiment of gratitude and respect, 
 
 My Lord, 
 Your Lordship's most obedient humble Servant, 
 
 LARRET LANGLEY. 
 
 Brampton, August 1, 1838. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 1 HE Anglo-Saxon Homily on the Birth-day of 
 St. Gregory forms one of a series of Homilies and 
 Sermons translated from the Latin, and adapted to 
 the use of the Anglo-Saxon Church, by iElfric, 
 then a monk, but afterwards consecrated to the 
 archiepiscopal see of Canterbury, as successor to 
 Siric, or Sigeric, in the year 996. To this orna- 
 ment of his age and the church are ascribed seve- 
 ral other valuable works in theology and philo- 
 logy, w r hich, while calculated to render eminent 
 service to his contemporaries, prove to succeed- 
 ing times that the mantle of Alfred did not fall 
 to the ground, and that the impulse which his 
 labours and example communicated, in that be- 
 nighted era, to literature, long continued to be 
 felt. The general object of ^Elfric, in the prepa- 
 ration of these Homilies, was, according to his own 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 statement, the prevention of heresy, and the cor- 
 rection of that tendency to errors, delusive and 
 dangerous, which, even at so early a period of the 
 history of the Anglican Church, manifested itself 
 in varied but unequivocal forms. 
 
 This Homily, like too many other valuable do- 
 cuments, long slumbered in the obscurity of MS., 
 until, in 1709, it was rescued from oblivion and 
 given to the world, w 7 ith the accompaniment of a 
 translation, by Miss Elstob, — a name worthily as- 
 sociated with the catalogue of learned females of 
 whom England can boast. The " dulcis et inde- 
 fessa comes " of her Brother's University studies, 
 Miss Elstob devoted herself to Letters with an 
 enthusiasm and zeal — with an entireness of pur- 
 pose and a perseverance of effort — which but few 
 of those who profess to despise female talent and 
 feminine attainments, exhibit or possess. Would 
 that her example might stimulate and her success 
 encourage some of the numerous female aspirants 
 after literary distinction, at the present day, to 
 follow her steps in the same laudable career ! * 
 
 * To the instance of Miss Elstob, may be added the more 
 recent, but not less honourable, labours, in the same depart- 
 ment, of Miss Gurney, of Keswick, Norfolk, characterized 
 by Dr. Ingram as "the Elstob of her age." To this learned 
 lady is due the credit of having produced the first literal ver- 
 sion of the Saxon Chronicle, printed, at Norwich, in 1819, 
 though never published. 
 
PREFACE. Vll 
 
 In again presenting the Homily to the public, 
 with the appendage of a copious Glossary, instead 
 of a Translation, the sole object of the Editor is to 
 promote, in however subordinate a capacity, a 
 cause in which he has long felt a deep and undi- 
 minished interest, — the cause of Saxon Letters. 
 Considering the Homily simply in this relation, 
 and as offering, in the importance of its subject 
 and the comparative purity of its dialect, a pleasing 
 and profitable exercise for the student, the Editor 
 has confined himself to matters purely philologi- 
 cal, and has carefully avoided all the great theolo- 
 gical and ecclesiastical questions which it might 
 be made to originate, and into the discussion of 
 which Miss Elstob has so fully and learnedly and 
 zealously entered. Historical disquisitions have 
 also been omitted, on similar grounds, and for the 
 additional reasons, that the tendency of such dis- 
 quisitions to almost interminable extension ap- 
 peared incompatible with the wish and the de- 
 sign of producing that novelty in Saxon Litera- 
 ture, — a cheap book ; — and that it seemed desirable 
 to arouse, rather than to lull, a spirit of research, 
 and to lead the inquiring mind to historical inves- 
 tigation, — always profitable, and peculiarly inter- 
 esting when directed to the annals of our own 
 country and to the records of our forefathers. The 
 
Vlll PREFACE. 
 
 Extracts from Alfred's Translation of Bede, and 
 from the Saxon Chronicle, have been appended 
 with the twofold object of extending, in some de- 
 gree, the course of Saxon Reading, and of afford- 
 ing a collateral and almost contemporaneous illus- 
 tration of facts and dates. 
 
 With regard to the Glossary, it may be remarked 
 that, though not so rich as some others in eluci- 
 dations from the cognate dialects, it may, without 
 presumption, be considered not inferior to any yet 
 published in its developement of the composition 
 and structure of the Anglo-Saxon, and in refer- 
 ences to the treasures of criticism and philology 
 which we now so abundantly possess. In its 
 preparation, copious use has been made of Mr. 
 Thorpe's excellent Analecta, and of Mr. Kemble's 
 elaborate Glossary to Beowulf, — by which, as well 
 as by their other erudite labours, these two emi- 
 nent scholars have rendered the most important 
 services to Saxon Literature. It is hoped, there- 
 fore, that the Vocabulary will be found calculated 
 not only to facilitate the translation of the Homily, 
 but also to communicate an extensive knowledge 
 of the general principles of the language. The 
 Gothic etymons of Saxon terms are occasionally 
 assigned, not for unmeaning display, but to con- 
 vey some notion of the origin and formation of 
 
PREFACE. IX 
 
 the Saxon, and to lead to farther inquiry into the 
 acute philological dissertations and sound gram- 
 matical principles of Home Tooke. 
 
 It merely remains to be added, that Mr. Thorpe's 
 Analecta Anglo-Saxonica and Apollonius of Tyre 
 will succeed this Manual with great advantage, 
 and will lead the student into a varied and exten- 
 sive and profitable curriculum of Saxon reading. 
 
 The Editor cannot, however, omit to express 
 his obligations to the Rev. Dr. Bandinel of the 
 Bodleian Library, and to the Rev. R. M. White, 
 Professor of Anglo-Saxon in the University of Ox- 
 ford, — in the courtesy and kindness of the former 
 of whom, in furnishing the transcript from Alfred's 
 Bede, to which the Editor had not access, and of 
 the latter, in carefully collating Miss Elstob's 
 printed Homily with the Junian MS., the legiti- 
 mate influence and tendency of real learning and 
 of an intimate familiarity with the " liberal arts/' 
 are fully and beautifully exemplified. 
 
 The following Works and Authorities, besides 
 those already alluded to, have been consulted in 
 preparing the Essay and Glossary : — Lye's Anglo- 
 Saxon Lexicon, Bosworth's Anglo-Saxon Diction- 
 ary, Murray's History of European Languages, 
 Monboddo on Language, Tooke V .Diversions of 
 Purley, Junii Etyrnologicum Anglicanum, Jamie- 
 son's Hermes Scythicus, Ingram's Inaugural Lec- 
 a 5 
 
X PREFACE. 
 
 ture and Saxon Chronicle, Turner's History of the 
 Anglo-Saxons, Hickes's Thesaurus, M. Casaubon 
 de Lingua Saxonicd, Verstegan's Restitution of de- 
 cayed Intelligence, BoswortKs and Basic's Anglo- 
 Saxon Grammars, &c. 
 
ESSAY 
 
 IMPORTANCE AND UTILITY 
 
 ANGLO-SAXON LANGUAGE. 
 
 JN O object of research has furnished more ample 
 scope for speculation than the origin of Language^ 
 — a subject that must ever be interesting to " arti- 
 culate-speaking " man*. As such> it is not sur- 
 prising that it has frequently exercised the patient 
 investigation of the historian^ and the profound 
 reasoning of the philosopher. Yet> in proportion 
 as the stores of information and the materials of 
 opinion have been augmented^ so,, it would appear^ 
 has the range of unauthorized assumption been 
 extended^ and a wider sphere opened for the un- 
 fettered licentiousness of conjecture. As a neces- 
 sary result^ in order to gratify some cherished pre- 
 judice^ or to establish some favourite theory ^ the 
 
 * fAspoirav Bs Qv'hoi,. — Anac. Od. III. ftegoirsaji figoTOivty. — 
 Horn. II. t S. 285, et alibi. 
 
2 ON THE IMPORTANCE AND UTILITY 
 
 direct testimony of history has often been disre- 
 garded or perverted^ — the bounds of probability 
 transgressed^ — and the subtile web of sophistry 
 thrown over evidence otherwise clear and conclu- 
 sive. "A great impediment to the science of phi- 
 lology/^ observes Dr. Murray, " has been produced 
 by a partial acquaintance with the languages of 
 this division of the globe; which has led either to 
 inaccurate opinions concerning the origin of speech; 
 or to a misapplication of such minute facts as in- 
 dividuals occasionally possessed. A student in 
 Hebrew seeks only for Hebrew words in every dia- 
 lect. The learned Bochart found Phoenician every- 
 where. A Celtic philologist derives the European 
 languages from his mother tongue. A German 
 proceeds on similar principles in his inquiries. 
 Others fill their pages with etymologies which are 
 constrained and absurd; supported by no evidence 
 but the shadow of erudition." Thus; too, in re- 
 ference to the fundamental languages of our own 
 continent^ while some eminent philologists assign 
 an Hellenistic origin to the ancient northern dia- 
 lects; and find striking illustrations of their views 
 in the noble language of Greece ; others^ of not 
 less illustrious name; reverse the position, and; 
 with equal learning and ingenuity, trace to a hy- 
 perborean parentage the classic tongues of South- 
 ern Europe. 
 
OF THE ANGLO-SAXON LANGUAGE. 3 
 
 Amidst this conflict of theories and opinions, 
 all zealously and learnedly maintained, it appears 
 highly probable — and the probability is strength- 
 ened, if not the fact established, by the erudite and 
 laborious researches of modern scholars — that the 
 disputants have thus earnestly contended for mere 
 figments of the imagination ; and that the polished 
 tongues of Greece and Rome, and the more rude, 
 but nervous and expressive, speech of Gothic 
 tribes, had all a common origin in some primitive 
 language, either partially retained in one glorious 
 fragment of the Hebrew, or broken up and lost, 
 as a language, at the dispersion of the nations. 
 
 But, be this as it may, and whatever room may 
 yet be left, on these points, for the fanciful and 
 capricious, yet interesting, speculations of the the- 
 orist, there can be little uncertainty as to the ori- 
 gin of our own majestic English, now spoken and 
 understood from the confines of China to the re- 
 motest shores of the great continent of America. 
 
 In the fifth century, successive and successful 
 inroads established, in various parts of Britain, 
 kindred tribes of Saxons from Giotland or Yut- 
 land, and from Anglen in Sleswick, who gradually 
 drove back into the remote and less accessible di- 
 stricts of the island the ancient possessors of the 
 soil, the Cymri and Celtae, and introduced, with a 
 new population and language, new manners, laws, 
 
4 ON THE IMPORTANCE AND UTILITY 
 
 and institutions. Their establishment proved per- 
 manent^ notwithstanding the subsequent conquests 
 and partial amalgamations of the Danes and Nor- 
 mans, and became the basis of the present great- 
 ness of England. For, be it remembered, the 
 Saxons were not the rude and barbarous people 
 that some have chosen to represent them, but 
 " brought with them/* as their amiable historian 
 testifies, " a superior domestic and moral charac- 
 ter, and the rudiments of new political, juridical 
 and intellectual blessings. When they had com- 
 pleted their conquest, they laid the foundations of 
 that national constitution, of that internal polity, 
 of those peculiar customs, of that female modesty, 
 and of that vigour and direction of mind, to which 
 Great Britain owes the social progress which it 
 has so eminently acquired." From the bosom of 
 this people sprung Alfred, — the noble, the high- 
 minded, the patriotic Alfred, — a name dear to lite- 
 rature, and more honourably inscribed on the re- 
 cords of British history than many more boasted 
 names perpetuated only by deeds of conquest and 
 bloodshed. 
 
 Had not the task been already accomplished by 
 abler hands, it would still have been foreign to the 
 objects of this essay to attempt to show how deeply 
 w r e are indebted to our Anglo-Saxon ancestors for 
 the foundation of almost all our ecclesiastical and 
 
OF THE ANGLO-SAXON LANGUAGE. J 
 
 municipal institutions, and u how far the study of 
 Anglo-Saxon history and literature is connected 
 with the original establishment of our laws, liberty 
 and religion." The present inquiry is limited to 
 the language of this interesting people, and to its 
 important bearing on our vernacular idiom. 
 
 The substitution of the Saxon for the Cimbric, 
 or ancient British, appears to have been coeval 
 and co-extensive with the subjugation and expul- 
 sion of the Britons; so that, simultaneously with 
 the conquests of the Saxons, their language be- 
 came, throughout the country, the regular and 
 only medium of oral communication. Almost all 
 traces of the British disappeared w r ith the fugitives, 
 except " a few " topographical and local designa- 
 tions which were allowed by the new occupants to 
 remain with but little alteration, or which success- 
 fully resisted the sweeping inroads of innovation. 
 
 The subsequent settlement of the Danes in 
 England made little impression on the language, 
 producing only some slight dialectic variations ; 
 but the Norman invasion ultimately opened the 
 way to extensive and important, though still not 
 radical changes. The Gallo-Norman indeed, — a 
 species of the corrupted dialect of the Latin then 
 spoken in France, — though zealously patronized 
 by William and his immediate successors, and stu- 
 diously maintained at court and amongst the no- 
 
6 ON THE IMPORTANCE AND UTILITY 
 
 bility who had followed in the train of the Con- 
 queror^ as well as in the administration of the law, 
 yielded, at length, to the pressure of popular pre- 
 judice, — and the language of the vanquished re- 
 assumed its sway. It did not, however, come un- 
 scathed from a struggle of three hundred years. 
 " A considerable number of French words dis- 
 placed the pure Saxon terms," and some slight 
 external changes were gradually and almost im- 
 perceptibly effected in its grammatical modifica- 
 tions. Some effect would, doubtless, also be pro- 
 duced by the impulse communicated, during the 
 Norman dynasty in England, to a spirit of im- 
 provement and advancement, in which the lan- 
 guage would necessarily undergo such changes, 
 and receive such additions, as were likely to result 
 from the more general diffusion of knowledge and 
 the cultivation of literature, or as would be required 
 by the extended intercourse and increasing wants 
 of a people awakening from the slumber of ages. 
 Even in the Saxon works produced at the dawn of 
 learning under the immortal Alfred, if not more 
 immediately subsequent to the introduction of 
 Christianity, we observe the occasional adoption 
 of words from the Latin, especially of ecclesiasti- 
 cal terms, to denote objects or express ideas with 
 which their altered circumstances and new profes- 
 sion then first made the Saxons acquainted, or for 
 
OF THE ANGLO-SAXON LANGUAGE. / 
 
 which they had no corresponding or sufficiently 
 appropriate designations in their native tongue. 
 This innovation, slight as it was, might have an 
 ulterior tendency, not fully developed until the 
 more extensive incorporation of the Gallo-Norman, 
 and an excited spirit of inquiry, thus added their 
 weightier influence. 
 
 From the termination of the Norman supremacy 
 and the complete amalgamation of the two nations, 
 the progress of innovation in the language con- 
 tinued, until it produced 
 
 M Chaucer's well of English undefiled ; " 
 
 from whose age it again underwent a series of ex- 
 ternal metamorphoses, by which it was brought to 
 its present state of copiousness and perfection, re- 
 ceiving, in its career of improvement, rich supplies 
 from the never-failing sources of Greek and Roman 
 literature, and levying occasional tribute on almost 
 every dialect of Europe. Thus, on the firm foun- 
 dation of the Anglo-Saxon, w r ith such ornaments 
 and appendages as the varying taste or peculiar 
 circumstances of succeeding ages supplied, was 
 raised the noble superstructure of the modern 
 English, of which, as of the magnificent Gothic 
 edifices reared by the piety of our ancestors, every 
 high-minded Englishman feels justly proud, "And, 
 notwithstanding the unworthy complaints that we 
 
8 ON THE IMPORTANCE AND UTILITY 
 
 hear of its instability and fluctuation, perhaps few 
 languages have stood the test of so many eventful 
 centuries and so many political revolutions, and 
 yet have retained so much of their original strength 
 and splendour " 
 
 The Saxon itself was far from being the rude 
 and meagre dialect that some have wantonly or 
 ignorantly represented it ; but was, in reality, " a 
 very copious language, and capable of expressing 
 every subject of human thought/' For it must 
 be borne in mind, in reference to this as well as 
 to other early languages, that numbers of w r ords 
 have passed into oblivion ; since it is manifest, that 
 vocabularies and lexicons, compiled exclusively 
 from the few manuscripts that learned industry 
 has investigated^ could include and embody but a 
 small portion of the spoken language of an ancient 
 people. Besides this, in the progress of refine- 
 ment, Latin or Norman terms were frequently 
 adopted^ not from the absence or inaptitude of 
 equivalent expressions in the popular dialect, but 
 from the caprice of taste, or from the preference 
 which writers of Norman extraction would still 
 naturally and fondly cherish for the scattered frag- 
 ments of the language of their fathers. In fact, 
 according to an eminent philologist, e€ instead of 
 the penury of words which is said to distress rude 
 nations, every Celtic or German tribe had a greater 
 
OF THE ANGLO-SAXON LANGUAGE. 9 
 
 range of choice in diction than the orators of 
 Greece and Rome." 
 
 " From this primeval source, then, we must 
 principally trace the character, the idiom, and ori- 
 gin of our native tongue ;" and so deeply are we 
 indebted to it, that, as Dr. Hickes states in the pre- 
 face to his invaluable Thesaurus, of fifty-six words 
 of which the Lord's Prayer consists, only three can 
 be claimed by the Gallo-Norman ; while the re- 
 maining fifty-three are derived immediately from 
 the Anglo-Saxon. To which Professor Ingram 
 adds, that, even including the doxology, there will 
 still be only six words out of seventy-three not ra- 
 dically Saxon. The learned Professor then pro- 
 ceeds to the more general calculation, that eight 
 out of ten, or, at the most moderate computation, 
 fifteen words out of twenty, occurring in our writ- 
 ten language or colloquial intercourse, are of Saxon 
 derivation ; and this, too, notwithstanding the con- 
 tinual discovery of new facts in science, and the 
 perpetually-recurring changes in the circumstances 
 of the times, requiring the perpetual introduction 
 of significant terms of designation. The propor- 
 tion is still greater in our provincial dialects, in 
 which numerous Saxon words and phrases are re- 
 tained almost unchanged. 
 
 These statements, as to the proportionate share 
 of the Saxon in the composition of our present 
 
10 ON THE IMPORTANCE AND UTILITY 
 
 language, are fully borne out by the best of all 
 evidences, — an appeal to facts. The etymological 
 analysis of a single passage from almost any of our 
 standard writers, would probably be sufficient to 
 satisfy the most sceptical ; but Sharon Turner, in 
 his admirable history, has entered into an elabo- 
 rate exhibition of its correctness by extracts from 
 writers of different periods, — from the authorized 
 translation of the Bible, whose simple and beauti- 
 ful diction, abounding with pure Anglo-Saxonisms, 
 no substitution of more elevated terms could im- 
 prove, down to the sublimely-mystic phraseology 
 of Young, and the inflated style of Dr. Johnson. 
 
 It may be neither uninteresting nor useless to 
 inquire briefly into some of the causes of the al- 
 most universal neglect of a language w r hich, it thus 
 appears, must be regarded as the parent of our 
 modern medium of communication, and which en- 
 ters so copiously and intimately, not only into the 
 verbal constitution of the English, but also into its 
 grammatical principles and idiomatic peculiarities. 
 
 One reason that undoubtedly operates most un- 
 favourably against the more general diffusion of 
 the Anglo-Saxon, is the scarcity and consequent 
 enormous expense of published Saxon works, the 
 purchase of which would seem to betoken a degree 
 of Bibliomanianism of which few are willing to be 
 suspected. 
 
OF THE ANGLO-SAXON LANGUAGE. 11 
 
 Another cause may probably be found in its in- 
 applicability to the purposes and pursuits of a 
 commercial and speculative people, which form so 
 powerful an inducement to the cultivation of the 
 modern languages of continental Europe, and, 
 sometimes, even of the barbarous jargon of more 
 distant and less polished regions. 
 
 The higher importance, too, attached, from a va- 
 riety of reasons, to the Greek and Roman classics, 
 which are generally regarded as the depositaries 
 of all valuable knowledge, and the great end of all 
 education, leads, in many instances, to the impres- 
 sion that languages less advanced and less perfect 
 can possess no attractions and communicate no 
 information, to tempt literary curiosity or reward 
 the labour of acquisition. 
 
 The limited extent and meagre state of the pub- 
 lished literature of the Saxons, also, as contrasted 
 with the ample profusion of works in connection 
 with some other of the dead, and especially with 
 most living languages, and the consequent impres- 
 sion of its poverty and contracted application, 
 have, doubtless, deterred many scholars and phi- 
 lologists, who delight to revel amidst the ever-va- 
 rying and ever-advancing charms of modern and 
 living literature, from encountering what they are 
 thus led to consider the repulsive aspect of an im- 
 poverished and faded dialect. 
 
12 ON THE IMPORTANCE AND UTILITY 
 
 Perhaps j however, nothing has contributed more 
 to discourage Saxon learning than the absurd but 
 long-continued practice of translating Saxon works 
 into Latin, and of appending Latin explanations 
 to Saxon lexicons and vocabularies. It is, as Pro- 
 fessor Ingram shrewdly remarks, to explain obscu- 
 rum per obscurius. " The agey" he adds, " is too 
 indolent and luxurious to submit to the drudgery 
 of learning everything through the medium of a 
 dead language." Definitions and translations in 
 Persic or Sanscrit would be more consistent, as far 
 as affinity is concerned, and almost as valuable in 
 point of practical utility. No doubt, the plan ori- 
 ginated in the notion, apparently entertained at 
 one period, of rendering Latin a sort of universal 
 janua linguarurn, — a notion which condemned the 
 hapless student to approach the venerable Hebrew, 
 and the noble language of Greece, through a for- 
 midable phalanx of barbarous Latinity. The illu- 
 sion has passed away, but its blinding influence is 
 tacitly exemplified by some, even at the present 
 day, in their practice and prejudices. 
 
 With respect to the first cause of the neglect 
 and declension of Saxon literature, it is to be re- 
 gretted that even its great modern advocates and 
 restorers have done so little to mitigate or remove 
 the evil. Their labours, worthy of all praise in 
 some respects, appear to have not merely an espe- 
 
OF THE ANGLO-SAXON LANGUAGE. 13 
 
 cial, but an almost exclusive reference to the 
 learned and wealthy, and are little adapted, either 
 by their recondite nature or expensive form, to 
 excite the interest, or to meet the wants, when so 
 excited, of students and readers in general. 
 
 In reference to the second reason assigned, it 
 may be remarked, that even those involved in the 
 absorbing vortex of mercantile pursuits, must ad- 
 mit the importance and utility, as well as the de- 
 sirableness, of a fundamental and correct acquaint- 
 ance with their mother tongue, for reasons inde- 
 pendent of all selfish and mercenary calculations 
 of profit and loss. The period has happily arrived 
 when, in all truly respectable circles of society, the 
 magnificence of wealth or the splendour of titles 
 avails but little, unaccompanied by moral worth 
 and intellectual culture. Besides, the acquisition 
 of knowledge and the formation of a taste for lite- 
 rature, have an important bearing on the delight- 
 ful and rational enjoyment of that retirement from 
 the cares of business — the otium cum dignitate — 
 to which so many anxiously look forward, but 
 w 7 hich, from the defects of early education, or sub- 
 sequent neglect of the nobler powers of the mind, 
 few are qualified fully to enjoy. 
 
 With regard to the superior attractions of Greek 
 and Roman literature, it may not be presumptuous 
 to observe, that the study even of those languages 
 
14 ON THE IMPORTANCE AND UTILITY 
 
 is not always prosecuted for their intrinsic excel- 
 lence or beauty, or for the inexhaustible stores of 
 rich and varied knowledge which they open to in- 
 tellectual enjoyment, apart from considerations of 
 worldly policy. Their splendid treasures which, 
 unlike other treasures, increase and expand the 
 more they are rifled, would yet much seldomer 
 tempt cupidity, or give energy to zeal, if not made 
 the golden key to literary distinctions and emolu- 
 ments, and to admission into the lucrative and 
 honourable pursuits of professional life. Some- 
 times, indeed, they are cultivated almost solely for 
 the sake of a better and more critical acquaint- 
 ance with our own language, as enabling the stu- 
 dent to ascertain, by tracing to their etymons, the 
 primary import of the words with which, from 
 those sources, it is so copiously enriched. But 
 how much more powerfully will this argument 
 apply to the Anglo-Saxon, from which, as already 
 shown, we derive not only the great preponderance 
 of words and phrases in daily and familiar use, 
 but also the grammatical structure and idiom of 
 our vernacular tongue ! 
 
 In regard to the cause next supposed, it is ma- 
 nifest that the contempt and neglect to which the 
 Saxon has been most unworthily condemned, are 
 the sole reasons of the restricted character of its 
 literary resources; for whilst the productions of 
 
OF THE ANGLO-SAXON LANGUAGE. 15 
 
 Greece and Rome have been augmented and en- 
 riched from every available source and presented 
 in every alluring form, many precious relics of the 
 labours of our venerable forefathers have been al- 
 lowed to slumber, undisturbed, amidst the dust of 
 libraries, or in the obscurity of almost inaccessible 
 archives*. Recent movements, however, in the 
 Society of Antiquaries, hold out the pleasing hope 
 that this deep stain on our national literature will 
 be speedily and effectually wiped away. When 
 this hope shall be fully realized, either under the 
 auspices and patronage of the learned body re- 
 ferred to, or by individual exertion, the skeleton 
 from which the refined classical scholar may con- 
 temptuously turn away, will expand into a form of 
 fair and ample proportions, blooming in renovated 
 youth, and rich in all the attributes that claim at- 
 tention and respect. Be it remembered too, that, 
 
 * Nihil Anglicano nomine indignius, gentive doctae honestae- 
 que turpius opprobrium nullum esse potest, quam, majorum 
 codices, antiquitate sua venerandos, mucorem et situm con- 
 trahere, aut pulvere foedari, aut blattis rodi, aut carie cor- 
 rumpi ; aut, quod reip. literariae perinde damnosum esset, 
 tanquam malos angelos in aeternis vinculis sub caligine ser- 
 vari, aequo animo ferre posse. Quod quidem neque Galli, 
 neque Batavi, neque Dani, neque, qui monumentis suis Sueo- 
 Gathicis vetustis publicandis ad gloriam sui nominis maxime 
 operam dant, Sued tolerare vellent, id ferre, id pati, id sinere 
 posse Anglos, qui eruditione, ac ingenio praestant, Anglum 
 quidem piget dicere. — Hickess Thesaurus, vol. i. in praefat. 
 
 B 
 
16 ON THE IMPORTANCE AND UTILITY 
 
 even in its present state, Anglo-Saxon strikingly 
 illustrates the interesting subject of the formation 
 of language, and therefore " possesses a peculiar 
 interest and importance to the philologist, as elu- 
 cidating the principles of grammatical science, and 
 leading to a philosophical theory of language." 
 
 The last cause suggested has less force at the 
 present day than at any former period, as the de- 
 velopement of more rational views has, in a great 
 measure, exploded the absurdity. Still, it is par- 
 tially retained ; but, probably, not so much from 
 any impression of its superiority or convenience, 
 as for the benefit of continental scholars, by whom, 
 it may be observed, Anglo-Saxon has been much 
 more extensively and successfully cultivated than 
 by those on whom it has far more legitimate and 
 powerful claims. Yet, hitherto, much less has 
 been accomplished through the direct medium of 
 our own tongue than the importance of the sub- 
 ject demands ; and even the long-promised Saxon- 
 English lexicon of Dr. Bosworth has been, until 
 very recently, a desideratum. 
 
 It is truly surprising then, that, notwithstanding 
 its manifest importance and the strongly-expressed 
 convictions of some of our ablest philologists as to 
 its utility and necessity, Anglo-Saxon has not long 
 formed an established and regular study in our 
 schools, and an essential part of a liberal educa- 
 
OF THE ANGLO-SAXON LANGUAGE. 17 
 
 tion. If merely studied collaterally with the prin- 
 ciples of English Grammar, it would be found pro- 
 ductive of important benefit, in throwing a clear 
 and unequivocal light on many grammatical and 
 etymological points which the most diligent appeal 
 to all the stores of classical learning would leave 
 in darkness. It is indeed to be regretted, that al- 
 most every English grammar adapted to element- 
 ary instruction, is established, not on the true 
 basis of the Anglo-Saxon, but on a foundation 
 with which the English language has little radical 
 affinity, and which the searching process of critical 
 investigation thoroughly undermines, to the great 
 detriment of the noble superstructure. Professor 
 Ingram goes so far as to assert, that " a few hours 
 attentively dedicated to Saxon literature, will be 
 sufficient to overthrow the authority of every dic- 
 tionary and grammar of the English language that 
 has been hitherto published." And though the 
 more recent appearance of several elaborate and 
 admirable grammars requires this assertion to be 
 received now with some modification, it is still too 
 true, especially in reference to the grammars most 
 generally adopted in schools. 
 
 The writer cannot conclude this hasty and im- 
 perfect view and vindication of the Saxon tongue, 
 — hasty from the pressure of sterner duties, and 
 imperfect from the limits it was necessary to pre- 
 b 2 
 
18 ON THE ANGLO-SAXON LANGUAGE. 
 
 scribe, — without expressing a hope that his hum- 
 ble labours may induce, at least, a few students to 
 enter on a path in which, though the traveller can- 
 not repose beneath the olive and the vine, he may 
 gather fruits still more pleasing to an English eye 
 and more grateful to an English palate. 
 
19 
 
 NAT ALE 
 
 S. GREGORII PAP.E. 
 
 vrREGORIUS pe halga Papa Gnjhpcepe ]?eobe 
 Spoptol on J?ifum anbpeapban baeje aeptep maen- 
 ijpealbum jebeoppum ] haljum gecnypbnyppum 
 Irobep pice gepehjlice aptah :• fte rp pihtlice 6n- 
 jlipcepe 3eobe TCpoptol- pop^an ]?e he J?uph hip 
 paebe 3 panbe up ppam beoplep bijjengum aet-bpaeb. 
 *] to Erobep geleapan gebigbe :• QDanige halige bee 
 cy"3a3 hi]' maepan bpohtnunje *] hip halij lip. 3 
 eac iptopia Knglopum ]?a J?e ^Elppeb cynnij op le- 
 ben on Gnglipc apenb :• 8eo boc pppecS genoh 
 pputelice be ]nppum halgum pepe :• Nu pille pe 
 ]?eah pum-^Smj pcoptlice eop be him bepeccan. 
 popftan \e peo popepaebe boc nip eop eallum cirS. 
 ]?eah ]>e heo on Gnjlipc apenb lp :• Bep eabig Papa 
 Lrpejopmp paep op ae]?elpe maegfte 3 op eappaepte 
 acenneb;. Romanipce pican paepon hip majop. hip 
 paebep hafctelropbianup. j Felix pe eappaepta papa 
 paep hip pipta paebep :• fte paep ppa ppa pe cpa&bon. 
 pop populbe ae]?elbopen :• Tfc he opepptah hip 
 ae]?elbopenypp mib haljum ]?eapum ~] mib jobum 
 peopcum gejlenbe :• Irpejopiup lp jpecipe naraa 
 b3 
 
20 ANGLO-SAXON HOMILY 
 
 T e JT e J^ on l^benum gepeopbe Vigilantiup. ]?aet 
 if on Gnghpce pacolpe :• fte paep yyyfte pacol on 
 gobep bebobum }?a J?a he pylp hepigenblice leopobe- 
 3 he pacollice ymb manegpa ]?eoba freappa hogobe. 
 3 heom lipep paeg gepputelobe :• J)e paep ppam 
 cilbhabe on boclicum lajium getyb. 3 he on ]?aepe 
 lane ppa gepaehglice ]?eah ^ on ealpe Romana by- 
 pig naep nan hip gehca ge]?uht :• fte gecneopblaehte 
 aeptep pipjia lapeopa gebypnunga- 3 nsep popgytel 
 ac gepaeptnobe hip lane on paept-hapelum gemynbe- 
 he hlob mib |?upptigum bpeopte j?a pleopenban Jape 
 J?e he ept aeptep pyppte mib hunig ppetpe ]?pohte 
 ]?aeplice bealcobe :• On geonglicum geapum ]?a |?a 
 hip geogvtS aeptep gecynbe pojmlb Jung lupian 
 pceolbe- J?a ongan he hme pylpne to gobe ge^eoban 
 3 to e^le ]?aep uplican lipep mib eallum gepilnungum 
 opftian :• pitoblice aeptep hip paebep pop^SprSe he 
 apaepbe pix munuclip on Sicihan-lanbe. 3 )?aet 
 peopo^e bmnon Romana bypig getimbpobe. on 
 ]?am he pylp pegohce unbeji abbobep haepum bpoht- 
 nobe :• Da peopon mynptpu he geglenbe mib hip 
 agenum. 3 gemhtpumlice to baeghpaemhce bigleo- 
 pan gegobobe :• Done opepeacan hip aehta he 
 appenbe on gobep ]?eanpum- 3 ealle hip a&'Selbojien- 
 nyppe to heoponhcum pulbpe apenbe :• fre eobe 
 a*p hip gecyppebnyppe geonb Romana bujih mib 
 psellenum giplum. ^pcmenbum jymmum. ^peabum 
 golb ppaetepobe :• Sc aeptep hip gecyppebnyppe he 
 
ON THE BIRTHDAY OF ST. GREGORY. 21 
 
 )?enobe jobep )?eappum *] lime pylpe ]?eappa mib pa- 
 cum paepelpe bepanjen :• Spa pulppemebhce he 
 bpohtnobe on angynne hip gecyppebnyppe ppa f he 
 mint )?a iu beon getealb on pulppemebpa halgena 
 geteal :• fre lupobe pophaepebnyppe on mettum "j 
 on bpynce. "j on paecean- 3 on punbpigum jebe- 
 bum. ]?epto eacan he ]?popobe pmgallice untpum- 
 nyppe- 3 ppa he ptrSlicop mib anbpeapbum untpum- 
 nyppum oppete paep ppa he geopnpulhcop ]?aep ecan 
 hpep gepilnobe- ]?a unbepgeat pe papa ]?e on ]?am 
 tiinan )?aet apoptollice paetl gepet hu pe eabige Irpe- 
 gopiup on halgum maegnum ]?eonbe paep- 3 he ]?a 
 hme genam op )?aepe munuchcepe bpohtnunge 3 
 him to pylpt gepet on biaconhabe ge-enbe-bypbne :• 
 Da gelamp hit aet pumum paele- ppa ppa hyt pop 
 opt be£- ]?aet Gnghpce cySmen bpohton heopa 
 pape to Romana-bypig- *] Irpegopmp eobe be ]?aepe 
 ptpaet to ];am Gnghpcum mannum heopa ]?ing 
 pceapigenbe :- Da gepeah he betpuxt J?am papum 
 cypecnihtap gepette- ]?a paepon hpitep lichaman 3 
 paegpep anbphtan men- 3 ae^Sehce gepeaxobe :- 
 Erpegopmp ]?a beheolb ]?aepa cnapena plite 3 beppan 
 op hpilcepe 'Seobe hi gebpohte paepon- J?a paebe 
 him man f hi op Gngla Ian be paepon j f ]?apa J?eobe 
 mennipc ppa phtig paepe :• 6pt ]?a Irpegopiup be- 
 ppan hpae^ep ]?aep lanbep pole Cpipten paepe )?e hae- 
 •Sene; him man paebe f hi hae^ene paepon- T>pe- 
 gopiup ]?a op mepeapbpe heoptan langpume piece- 
 
22 ANGLO-SAXON HOMILY 
 
 tunge teah 3 cpae'S- J?ae la pa- f ppa paegpep hipep 
 men pynbon ]?am ppeaptan beople unbep-Seobbe :• 
 Gpt )?a Irpegopiup beppan hu ]?aepe ]?eobe nama 
 paepe )?e hi opcumon. him paep geanbpypb ]?aet hi 
 Sngle genemnbe pepon :• Da cpae^S he pihthce hi 
 pynbon Hngle gehatene- pojvSan ]?e hi Gngia phhte 
 habbaft. 3 ppilctim gebapena^ ]?aet hi on heoponum 
 Gngia gepepon beon :• Lyt ]?a Irpegopiup beppan 
 hu ]?aene pcype nama paepe ]?e J?a cnapan op alaebbe 
 psepon* him man paebe f J?e pcijimen paepon Demi 
 gehatene :• Irpegopiup anbpypbe. pael hi pynbon 
 Demi gehatene- pop^Sam J?e hi pynb ppam gpaman 
 genepobe 3 to Cpiptep milbheopicneppe gecygebe :• 
 Iryt ]?a he bepnan hu ip ]?aepepcmecyninggehaten* 
 him pep geanbppapob f pe cynmg yGlle gehaten 
 paepe :• J^paec ]?a Irpegopiup gumenobe mib hip 
 pojibum to ]?am naman. 3 cpae$- hit gebapena^S f 
 alleluia py gepungen on j?am lanbe to lope ]?aep J£l- 
 mihtigan pcyppenbep :• Irpegopiup ]?a eobe to ]?am 
 papam Ipzey apoptohcan petlep. 3 hine baeb- f he 
 ^ngelcynne pume lapeopap apenbe \e hi to Epipte 
 gebigbon mib Irobep pultume. 3 cpae^S- f he pylp 
 geape paepe. f peopc to geppemmenne- gyp hit )?am 
 papam ppa gehcobe :• Da ne miht pe papa f 
 geSapian. ]?eah ]>e he ealh polbe. pop^an ]>e Ro- 
 manipcan ceaptpe gepapan nolbon ge^apian f ppa 
 getogen man 3 ppa gepungen lapeop J?a buph eal- 
 lunga poplete. 3 ppa pyplene ppaecprSe gename :• 
 
OX THE BIRTHDAY OF ST. GREGORY. 25 
 
 >/6ptep fnpum jelamp J?aet: mycel man-cpealm be- 
 com opep }?aepe Romampcpe leobe- 3 aepept ]>one 
 papam Pelajmm jeptob ^ buton ylbmje hme 
 abybbe :• )?itoblice aeptep ]?aep papam je-enbunje 
 ppa micel cpaelm jepeap^ J?aep polcep j?at jehpaep 
 ptobon apeptehup jeonb j?a buph buton bupjen- 
 bum. ]?a ne miht ppa ]?eah peo Romana buph bu- 
 ton Papam punian :• Re ealle f pole ]?one eabijan 
 Erpejopium to ]?aepe gejnno^e anmobhee jeceap- 
 }?eah )?e he mib eallum maejnum prSepijenbe paepe :- 
 Erpejopiup ]?a penb aenne piptol to ]?am Capepe 
 QDaupicium pe paep hip paebepa- *] hme halpobe *] 
 mycelum baeb- f he naeppe ]?am poke ne je^apobe 
 f he mib J?a&p pup'Smyntep pulbpe geupepob paepe. 
 popftan ]?e he onbpeb "p he ]?uph ]?one micclan hab 
 on populblicum pulbpe ]?e he aep apeapp aet pumum 
 paele bepaeht pupbe :• He ]?aep Capepep heah je- 
 peca Ixepmanup jelaehte ]?one piptol 3 hme to-taep- 
 3 pi3)?an cybbe ]?am Capepe ]?aet eall J?at pole Irpe- 
 jopium to papam gecopen haepbe :• ODaupicmp j?a 
 pe Capepe J>a&pErobe ]?ancobe. 3 hme habian haet :• 
 ftpaec ]?a Irpegopiup pleamep cepte- 3 on bimho- 
 pan aet-lutobe :• 3lc hine men gelaehte. *] teah to 
 Petpep cipcan ]?aet he ]?ep to papam gehaljob 
 pupbe :• Irpejopiup ]?a aep hip habunje f Roma- 
 mpc pole pop |?am onpigenbum cpealm ]?ypum pop- 
 bum hi to behpeoppunge tihte- ODme gebpo^pa 
 )?a leopeptan. up gebapenaS f pe Dobep ppmgle J?e 
 b 5 
 
24 ANGLO-SAXON HOMILY 
 
 pe on aep topeapbe onbpeaban pceolbon. f pe hupu 
 nu anbpeapbe ] apanbobe onbpeabon :• I/eopenije 
 up upe paepnyppe mpaep po^pe gecyppebnyppe. 3 f 
 pite )?e pe ^popia^S to bpece upe heoptan heapb- 
 nyppe :• 6pne nu )np pole lp nnb ppujibe ]?aep heo- 
 ponhcan jjiaman opplajen. *j jehpylce aenhpege 
 pynb mib paephcum plyhtum apepte :• Ne peo abl 
 ]?am beafte ne pope-ptsep3 . ac ge gepeo^S *]? pe ylca 
 beaft ]?aepe able poppaba^ :• 8e geplagena br8 mib 
 beafte gegpipen aep ]?an \e he to heopungum po^pe 
 be hpeopunge gecyppan maege :• ftogiaft pop ]?y 
 hpyle pe becume aet-popan gepyhSe )?aep ptpeccan 
 beman pe ]>e ne maej )?aet ypel bepepan ]?e he geppe- 
 mobe :« Irehpylce eojvS bugigenbe pynb aet-bpobene. 
 3 heopa hup ptanbaft apepte :• Faebepap *] mobbpu 
 beptanba^ heopa beapneplic- 3 heopa yppnumman 
 heom pylpum to poppypbe pope-ptaeppaS :• Uton 
 eopnoptlice pleon to heopunge po^pe baebbote ]?a 
 hpile J?e pe moton- aep ]?am ]?e pe paeplice plege up 
 aptpecce :• Uton gemunan ppa hpaet ppa pe bpeh- 
 genbe agylton. j uton mib pope gepitnian f ]?aet 
 pe manpulhce abpugon :• Uton poppabian Irobep 
 anpyne on anbetnyppe ppa ppa pe pitega up manaft . 
 Uton ahebban upe heoptan mib hanbum to Irobe. 
 ]?aet lp f> pe pceolon J?a gecnypbnyppe upe bene mib 
 geapnunge gobep peopcep up-apaepan :• fte pop- 
 gipa3 tpupan upe pophtunge pe ]?e ]?uph hip pi- 
 tegan clypa^. Nelle ic ]?aep pmpullan beaft- ac ic 
 
ON THE BIRTHDAY OF ST. GREGORY. 25 
 
 pille f he jecyppe 3 hbbe :• Ne op-tpupije nan 
 man hme pylpne pop hippynna mycelnyppe- pitob- 
 lice J?a ealban jyltap Nmmeipcpe J?eobe ]?peopa ba- 
 5a behpeoppunge hy abylejobe :• 3 pe jecyppeba 
 pcea]?a on hip bea^ep cpy^e ]?aep ecan lipep mebe 
 jeapnobe :• Uton apenban upe heoptan to Iiobe. 
 hpaeblice byft pe bema to ujium benum gebigeb ■ 
 pp pe ppam upum ]?pypnyppum beoft gepihtleaht :• 
 Uton ptanban mib gemahlicum popum onjean j?am 
 onpijenbum ppup.be ppa miclep bomep :• SoSlice je- 
 mahnypp lp ]?am poftan beman gecpeme- j?eah J?e 
 heo mannum un]?ancpyp5e jy- pop^anfte pe aep- 
 pepta 3 pe milbheopta Erob pill f pe mib gem ah - 
 licum benum hip milbheoptnyppe opgan. 3 he nelle 
 ppa miclum ppa pe geeapmaft up geyppian :• Be 
 )upum he cpaeft ]?uph hip pitegan- Clypa me on 
 baege ]?mpe gebpepebnyppe 3 ic pille ]?e ahpaebban 
 3 ]?u maeppapt me :• Irob pylp lp hip gepita f he 
 miltpian pille him to clypienbum- pe ]?e manaS f 
 pe him to clypian pceolon :• Fop ]?i mine gebpo- 
 Spu ]?a leopoptan- uton gecuman on ]?am peopftan 
 baege ]?ippepe pucan on aepne mopigen 3 mib ept- 
 p ullum mobe 3 teapan pmgan peoponpealbe Leta- 
 map ]?aet pe ptpeca bema up geapige ]?onne he ge- 
 pyhS j? pe pylp upe gyltap ppecaft :• Gopnoptlice 
 }?a J?a peo micele menigu aegSep ge ppeopt-habep 
 ge munuc-habep menn 3 ]?at leapebe pole aeptep 
 )>aep eabigan Erpegopmp haepe on ]?one pobnep-baeg 
 
26 ANGLO-SAXON HOMILY 
 
 to j?on peoponpealbum Letanium geconien* to 
 )?am ppySe apebbe pe pope-paebe cpealm. f hunb 
 eahtatig manna on )?aepe anpe tibe peallenbe op hpe 
 jepiton- ]?a hpyle J?e ]?aet pole ]?a Letaniap pang :• 
 3lc pe halga pacepb ne geppac f pole to mannigen- 
 ne f hi ]?aepe bene ne geppicon o$ f Irobep milt- 
 pung ]?one pieman cpealm geptilbe :• ftpaet j?a Dpe- 
 gopmp py^ftan he papanhab unbeppeng. gemunb 
 hpaet he gepypn Gngelcynne gemynte y ]?aep pihte 
 f luptyme peopc geppemebe :• fre natephpon ne 
 mihte J>one Romampcan bipceop-ptol eallunge pop- 
 laetan :• Sc he apenbe o'Spe aepenbpacan. ge- 
 ^Sungene Irobep J?eopap to |?ipum lglanbe- 3 he pylp 
 micclum mib hip benum 3 tihtmgum pylpte ]?aet 
 j?aepa aepenbpaca bobunge pop^genge 3 Irobe 
 paeptm-ba&pe pypbe :• Baepa aepenbpacena naman 
 pynbjmp gecigebe- Hguptinup. ODellitup. Laupen- 
 tmp. Petpup. Johannep. Juptup:- Bsep lapeopap 
 apenbe ye eabiga papa Epegopmp mib manigum 
 oftpum munecum to Gngelcynne. 3 hi ]?ipum pop- 
 bum to ]?aepe pape tihte. Ne beon ge apyphte )?uph 
 geppmc ]>dey langpumep papelbep o]r§e |?uph ypelpe 
 manna ymbepppaece- ac mib ealpe anpsebneppe 3 
 pylme )?aepe po^an lupe ]?ap ongunnenan 'Sing J?uph 
 Irobep pultume geppemmaft. 3 pite ge f eopep 
 mebe on j?am ecum ebleane ppa micle mape brS . 
 ppa micelum ppa ge mape pop Irobep pillan ppmc- 
 aft :• Erehyppumiaft eabmobhee on eallum Jnngum 
 
ON THE BIRTHDAY OF ST. GREGORY. 27 
 
 Sjuptme ]?oiie ]?e pe eop Co ealbpe jepetton :• ftir 
 ppemaft eoppum paplum ppa hpaet ppa je be hip 
 mynejunje jepyllaft :• 8e ealmihtija Irob ]?ujih 
 hi]- gipe eop jepcylbe- j ge-unne me f ic mage eop- 
 ptep geppincep paeptm on ]?am ecan ebleane gepeon . 
 ppa f ic beo gemen pamob on blippa eopjiep eblea- 
 nep :• Beah ]?e ic mib eop ppmcan ne maege popftan 
 ]?e ic pille ppmcan :• JXguptinup ]?a mib hip gepe- 
 pum f pynb gepiehte peopeptig ]?e penbon be Erjie- 
 gojuep haepe oft paefc hi becomon gepunbpulhce co 
 Jnpum lglanbe :• On ]?am bagum pixobe y6]?el- 
 bypiht cyning on Cantpanabypig • *] hip puce paep 
 aptjieht pjiam micclan ea frumbjie oft puft pae :• 
 Sgupcmup haepbe jenummen pealhptobap on Fpian- 
 cena nice ppa ppa Irnegoniup him bebeab. "j he 
 )?unh ]?aena pealhptoba muft J?am cymnge *] hip leobe 
 Irobep popb bobobe- hu pe milbheojita haelenb 
 mib hip agenne ]?nopunge ]?ipne pcylbigan mibban- 
 eanbe alypbe 3 geleappullum mannum heopona nicep 
 mpaen geopenobe :• Da anbpynb pe cyning J£pel- 
 bniht; Sgupfcine 3 cpaeft- ■)? he paegepie popb 3 be- 
 hac him cybbe 3 cpaeft ■ j?aet; he ne mihte ppa hptaeb- 
 lice ]?one ealban gepunan ]>e he mib Sngelcynne 
 heolb pojilaecan :• Cpaeft f he mopce pneohce J?a 
 heoponlican lane hip leobe bobian *] j? he him 3 hip 
 gepeptum bigleopan ]?enian polbe- 3 popigeap him 
 }?a pununge on Canfcpana byjug peo paep eallep hip 
 nicep heopob bujih :• Ongan J>a Tfuguptinup mib 
 
28 ANGLO-SAXON HOMILY 
 
 hip munecum to je-epenlecanne ]?aepa Kpoptola lip 
 mib pingalum gebebum. 3 paeccan- 3 paeptnum 
 Irobe ]?eopijenbe. 3 lipep popb )?am ]?e hi mihton 
 bobijenbe. ealle mibban-eapblice ]?mj ppa ppa ael- 
 ppemebe pophogigenbe- ]?a j?mg ana ];e hi to bij- 
 leopan behopobon unbepponbe. be ]?am ]?e hi taeh- 
 ton pylpe lybbenbe- 3 popi ]?aepe po^paeptnyppe lupe- 
 ]?e hi bobebon geappu paepon ehtnyppe to ^olijen- 
 ne 3 bea^S ppeltan gip hi iSoppton :• ftpaet J?a ge- 
 lypbon pop pel maeniga 3 on Dobep naman gepul- 
 lobe pupbon . punbpigenbe ]?aepe bylepitnyppe heopa 
 unpcea^ije lipep. 3 ppetnyppe heopa heoponhcan 
 lane :• Da aet nextan geluptpullobe ]?am cymnje 
 y6)?elbypiht heopa claen lipe 3 heopa pmpume be- 
 hat. "Sa po^lice ponbon mib mamgum tacnum ge- 
 peftebe 3 he ]?a gelypenbe peajvS gepullobe. 3 mi- 
 celum ]?a Cpiptenam geappup^Sobe. *] ppa ppaheo- 
 ponlice ceaptep gepapan lupobe :• Nolbe pe ]?eah 
 naenne to Cpiptenbome geneabian. poji^an 'Se he op 
 axobe aet ]?am lapieopam hip haele. f Cpiptep ]?eop- 
 bom ne pceol beon geneabob. ac pylp pyllep :• On- 
 gunnon ]?a baeghpamlice pop. pel memge epptan to 
 gehypenne ]?a halgan bobunge^ 3 poplaetan heopa 
 haeftenpcype. 3 heo pylpe ge^Seobban to Cpiptep 
 gela]?unge on hine gelypenbe :• Betpeox Jnp um 
 gepenbe Kuguptmup opep pae to |?am TCpcebipceop 
 Gthepmm opHpela- 3 hehine gehabobe Kngelcyn 
 to !Spcebipceop ppa ppa him Irpegopiup aep gepip- 
 
ON THE BIRTHDAY OF ST. GREGORY. 29 
 
 pobe :• ^ujuptinup )?a jehabob cypbe to hip bi- 
 pceopptole "j apenbe aepenbpacan to Rome- 3 cybbe 
 ]?am eabigan Irpejopie ]?aet Knjelcyn Cpiptenbom 
 unbeppenj. 3 he eac mib jeppitum pel a 3injan be- 
 ppan . hu him to bpohtnijenbe peape becpeox )?am 
 mjhpoppenum polce :• ftpset )?a trpejopiup micel- 
 um Dobe ]?ancobe mib blippigenbum mobe f TCn- 
 jelcynne ppa jelumpen paep - ppa ppa he p yip geopn- 
 lice gepilnobe :• TCnb penbe ongean aepenbpacan 
 to ]?am jeleapullum cyninje y6]?elbpihte mib je- 
 ppitum- *] maenigpealbum lacum. y o]?pe jeppite 
 to TEuguptine. mib anbppapum ealpa ]?a3pa J?mga 
 ]>e he hi beppan. 3 hme eac J?ipum popbum ma- 
 nobe- Bpoftop mm pe leopepta ic pat f ye eal- 
 mihtija pela punbpa ]?uph J?e ]?aepa ]?eoba ]?e he 
 jeceap gepputela'S . ]>dey ]?u miht blijyian 3 eac on- 
 bpaeban :• Bu miht blippian jepiphce f J?aepe }?e- 
 obe papl Jmph j?ayttpan punbpe beo$ getojene to 
 J?aepe mcunban gipe :• Onbpaeb }?e ppa f?eah f J?in 
 mob ne beo ahapen mib bypptigneppe on ]?am tac- 
 num ]>e Erob |?uph J?e geppema^. *] ]?u ]?anon on 
 ibelum pulbpe bepealle pi)?mnan. ]?anon ]?e }m prS- 
 utan on pinrSmynte ahapen bipt :• Irpegopiup 
 apenbe eac Suguptme hahge lac on maeppe peapum 
 3 on bocuni. 3 )?a3pa apoptola- 3 maptipa peli- 
 quiap pamob. 3 bebeab f hip aeptepgengap pymle 
 f ]?a3t pallium 3 ]?one epcehabe a3t )?am Spoptoh- 
 can pettle Romanipcpe gekvSungepeccan pceolbon :• 
 
30 
 
 HOMILY ON ST. GREGORY. 
 
 Sujupfcmup gepefcte aeptep ^lj'um bipceopap op hip 
 gepepum on gehpilcum bujigum on Gngla ]?eobe- 
 3 hi on Irobep geleapan j?eonbe Jmjih punebon oft 
 }npum baejSephcum beeje :• 8e eabiga Lrpegopiup 
 jebihte mamga halige cpahfc bee- 3 mib micelpe 
 gecneopbnyppe Irobep pole to }?am ecan lipe gepip- 
 pobe* *] pela punbjia on hiplipe gepophte- 3 pulb- 
 ojipulhce )?aep papan pefclep jepeolb xin geap* *j pix 
 lnoniSap. 3 ten bajap. 3 prSan on )?ypum baege 
 gepat co ]?am ecan petle heoponan pice]* on ]?am 
 he leopaft mib Irobe yGlmihfcigum a butan enbe :• 
 Smen :• 
 
 VARIOUS READINGS OF THE JUNIAN MS. 
 
 OF THE HOMILY IN THE BODLEIAN 
 
 LIBRARY. 
 
 GREGORIUS SE HALGA PAPA, in capitals. 
 
 P. 19. linel. peobe 
 
 6. pa&b. 
 
 7. manege. 
 
 8. halige . 
 
 10. apenbe. 
 
 11. Sirrum. 
 
 12. Jung. 
 
 12. pceoptlice. 
 12. gepeccan. 
 14. r y. 
 14. eabiga. 
 
 P. 19. 1. 20. bopennyjye. 
 
 21. geglenjbe. 
 
 P. 20. 1. 2. rpype. 
 
 4. ymbe. 
 
 5. peg. 
 
 11. plopenban. 
 
 14. geogoS. 
 
 15. gepeoban. 
 20. pegollice. 
 
 22. ba&spamh- 
 
 cum. 
 
VARIOUS READINGS. 
 
 31 
 
 P. 20. 1.27. syplum. 
 
 P. 22. 1. 16. gamenobe. 
 
 28. £ejrpa?tepob. 
 
 17. cpsep. 
 
 P. 21.1. 1. himjylp. 
 
 20. papan. 
 
 3. angmne. 
 
 24. mihte. 
 
 4. mihte. 
 
 25. eall. 
 
 5. getaele. 
 
 25. poppan. 
 
 6. pynbpigum. 
 
 26. ceaptep. 
 
 7. Da&pco. 
 
 27. gepungen. 
 
 9. oppes. 
 
 28. ppaecpiS. 
 
 1 1 . apopcolice 
 
 P. 23.1. 3. papan. 
 
 feci gepaet. 
 
 4. papan. 
 
 11. eabiga. 
 
 5. cpealm. 
 
 14. gepylpce ge- 
 
 7. mihte. 
 
 petce. 
 
 8. papan. 
 
 16. cyppmen. 
 
 8. eall. 
 
 19. becpux. 
 
 9. gepmcSe. 
 
 21. aefelice. 
 
 10. pipepigenbe. 
 
 23. hpylcepe. 
 
 11. penbe. 
 
 23. peobe. 
 
 13. micclum. 
 
 26. hpaepep. 
 
 13. gepapobe. 
 
 27. happen. 
 
 18. gepeua. 
 
 28. mnepeapbpe. 
 
 19. p&tfor pat 
 
 P. 22. 1. 2. peobbe. 
 
 20. papan. 
 
 4. opcomon. 
 
 21. net. 
 
 5. genemebe. 
 
 22. bimhopon. 
 
 5. Rihclice. 
 
 23. man. 
 
 6. phte. 
 
 24. paep to pa- 
 
 10. paec pa pcip- 
 
 pan. 
 
 menn. 
 
 26. pomampce. 
 
 10. bejie. 
 
 26. cpealme. 
 
 11. pynb. 
 
 28.' leopopton. 
 
 15. ps&f. 
 
 P. 24. 1. 1. onbpebon. 
 
32 
 
 VARIOUS READINGS. 
 
 P. 24. 1. 4. fpopiaS. 
 
 P:26.1.12. 
 
 poplseton. 
 
 9. poppabaf. 
 
 15. 
 
 sepenbpa- 
 
 11. behpeop- 
 
 
 cena. 
 
 punje. 
 
 16. 
 
 pupbe. 
 
 11. popjn. 
 
 18. 
 
 Dap. 
 
 12. pfcpecan. 
 
 19. 
 
 manegum. 
 
 16. beapna. 
 
 22. 
 
 langj-uman 
 
 16. yppemiman. 
 
 
 pa&pelbef 
 
 19. J?an..p8eplica. 
 
 
 offie. 
 
 27. popsypo 1 . 
 
 23. 
 
 anpsebnypj-e. 
 
 P. 25. 1.4. gecyppebe. 
 
 26. 
 
 meb. 
 
 5. beaj?ep cpybe. 
 
 26. 
 
 miccle. 
 
 8. gepihtlsehte. 
 
 27. 
 
 micclum. 
 
 11. gemahnyp. 
 
 P. 27.1. 1. 
 
 auguftme. 
 
 13. appaepca. 
 
 3. 
 
 selmihtiga. 
 
 13. pile. 
 
 4. 
 
 mote. 
 
 17. ahjiebben. 
 
 6. 
 
 gemett. 
 
 21. gebpoSpa J>a 
 
 6. 
 
 blijye. 
 
 leopejxan. 
 
 9. 
 
 pepben. 
 
 22. mepigen. 
 
 13. 
 
 mycclan. 
 
 23. teajmm. 
 
 14. 
 
 auguptmup. 
 
 25. pylpe. 
 
 14. 
 
 genumen. 
 
 26. miccle. 
 
 17. 
 
 milbheopta. 
 
 28. jpegopiep. 
 
 18. 
 
 J>ypne. 
 
 P. 26. 1. 1. gecomon. 
 
 20. 
 
 ... anbpypbe 
 
 2. popepseba. 
 
 21. 
 
 auguftme "j 
 
 5, 6. mamgene. 
 
 
 cpaej?. 
 
 7. pej?an. 
 
 22. 
 
 cpsef. 
 
 8. pyftfan. 
 
 P. 28. 1.1. 
 
 geepenlae- 
 
 8. gemunbe. 
 
 
 cenne. 
 
 9. angelcynne. 
 
 2. 
 
 pseptenum. 
 
 10. geppemobe. 
 
 8. 
 
 geappe. 
 
VARIOUS READINGS. 
 
 33 
 
 P. 28. 1. 8. fohjenne. 
 9. beape. 
 
 10. maenige. 
 12. unj*c8e(5]ngej\ 
 14. iEpelbipmte. 
 
 14. cls&ne lip. 
 
 15. pupbon . . . 
 
 manegum. 
 16, 17. jepullob anb 
 micclum pa 
 cpiptenan. 
 
 17. geappuppobe. 
 
 18. Nolbe ppa. 
 
 20. lapeopum. 
 
 21. pceal. 
 
 22. effton. 
 
 23. popleton ... 
 
 24. happen pcype. 
 24. gepeobban. 
 
 26. Apcebipceope. 
 
 27. on apela, in 
 
 margin. 
 27, 28. Angelcynne 
 co epcebif- 
 ceope. 
 
 P. 29. 1. 2. bij-copj-eole. 
 
 3. angelcynn. 
 
 4. Jnnga. 
 
 5. paepe. 
 
 6. micclum. 
 
 8. Angolcynne. 
 
 9. penbe ept. 
 
 10. geleapjium. 
 
 11. geppitu. 
 
 14. selmihtija. 
 
 15. Se. 
 
 15. paepe ]?eobe. 
 
 17. onbpaebon. 
 
 18. papla. 
 
 18. punbpa. 
 
 19. sype. 
 
 20. bypptijnypre. 
 
 21. 8u. 
 
 22. piftinnan. 
 22. ou. 
 
 26, 27. pymblcpone 
 pallium. 
 
 27. epcehab. 
 
 28. petle. 
 
 P. 30. 1. 4. bsegfeplicum. 
 
 9. pyftpan. 
 
34 
 
 EXTRACT FROM KING ALFRED'S TRANS- 
 LATION OF BEDE'S ECCLESIASTICAL 
 HISTORY. 
 
 Nip up ]?onne y e blip a to popppijienne |?e be ]?am 
 eabigan Erpegopie )niph ylbpa manna pejene to 
 up becom- pop hpylcum mtmgaii he monab paepe 
 f he ppa geopnpulle gymenne by be ymb ^a haela 
 upe ]?eobe. pecjea}? hi f pume baege ]?ibep nipan 
 come cype-men a op Bpytene. 3 monij cepe jnng 
 to ceap-ptope bpohte. 3 eac monije coman to 
 bycjeanne ]?a ]?mj :• Da jelamp hit f Irpejopiup 
 betpyh o]?pe eac }?ybep com. 3 ]?a gepeah betpih 
 o]?ep jnng cepe-cnihtap j?aep jepette paepon hpitep 
 hchoman 3 paegepep anbplitan men. 3 ae]?elice ge- 
 peaxe- ]?a he ]?a hi gepeah 3 beheolb. J?a ppaegin he 
 op hpylcum lanbe 6\>\e op hpylcepe ]?eobe hi bpohte 
 paepon. paebe him man f hi op Bpeotene ealonbe 
 bpohte paepon. 3 ]?aep ealonbep bigengan ppylcpe 
 anpyne men paepon- ept he ppegn hpaej?ep ]?a ylcan 
 lanb leobe Cpiptene paepon. |?e hi |?a gyt on hae- 
 }?ennyppe gebpolum hpban b :. Ey' him mon to ] 
 paebe. f hi )?a gyt hae]?ene paepon- 3 he ]?a op mne- 
 peapbpe heoptan ppi]?e ppopete 3 ]?up cp'. Pala 
 pa ^ lp paplic f ppa paegep peoph. 3 ppa leohtep 
 *]plitan men pceolan agan 3 bepittan J?yptpa ealbop :♦ 
 
 a j-cipmen, MS. Ben. 
 
 b on hse^enna gilbum lijzdon, Ben. 
 
EXTRACT FROM BEDE. 35 
 
 6pt he ppaegn hpaet peo ]?eob nemneb paepe j?e hi 
 op-coman- ]?a anbppapebe him mon f hi Gnjle 
 nembepsepon- cpaej? he- Pel ^ ppa maeg. pop)?on 
 englelice anpyne hi habba]? . *j eac ppylce gebapena)* 
 ^ hi engla epenyppepeapbap on heoponum pin :• Da 
 gyt he pup]?op ppaegn. *] cpae]?- hpaet hatte peo 
 maegj? ]?e )?ap cnihtap hibep op jelaebbe paepon- }?a 
 ■jppapebe him mon 3 cpae]?. j? hi Depe nembe pae- 
 pon :• Cp' he- pel p lp cpeben Depe (be lpa eputi- c ) 
 hi pculan beon op jobep yppe abpobene- 3 to 
 Epiptep milbheoptneppe gecyjbe- ]?a jyt he acpabe 
 hpaec heopa cyning haten paepe. 3 him mon tippa- 
 pebe 3 cp'« ^ he v/611e haten paepe. 3 ]?a pleogebe 
 he mib hi]* popbum to ]?am naman 3 cpae$. Alle- 
 luia, f gebapenaft f te Irobep lop upep pcyppenbep 
 on ]?am baelum punjen pi- *] he )?a pona eobe to 
 ]?am B'. 3 to j?am Papan }?aep Spoptohcan petlep. 
 pop]?an he pylpa 3a jyt ne paep B'. gepopben- baeb 
 hme f he JSngel ]?eobe on Bpeotene on-penbe 
 hpylce huju lapeopap. f 'Suph 3a hi to Cpipte je- 
 cypbe beon mihton. 3 cp' f he pylpa geapo paepe 
 mib Irobep pultume f paeopc to geppemmanne- 
 gip )?am TTpoptolican Papan f licobe- 3 f hip pilla 
 paepe- "j hip lypneppe :• Da ne polbe pe Papa ^ ge- 
 ]?apigean ne d ]?a buphpape ]?on ma- ^ ppa ae]?ele pep 
 t) JT a 5e]?ungen. ] ppa gelaepeb* ppa peop ppam him 
 
 c de ird eruti. d sefapan, MS. Cot. 
 
36 EXTRACT FROM BEDE. 
 
 jepite :• TCc he p ona hpa]?e ]?aep ]>e he bipcop je- 
 popben e paep- j? he jeppemebe ^ peojxc^ he lanje 
 pilnabe f . j J?a haljan lajieopap hibeji onpenbe- ]?e 
 pe aep bepopan paebonS. *] he Sep' Irpegopiup mib 
 hip tpymnyppum 3 mib hip gebebum paep gepultu- 
 mienbe f heopa lap paepe paeptmbepenbe to Erobep 
 pillan 3 to paebe TCngel-cynne :• 
 
 e gehalgobe, Ben. f aeji pilnobe, Ben. 
 
 s neranebon, Ben. 
 
37 
 
 EXTRACTS FROM THE SAXON CHRONICLE. 
 {Dr. Ingram s Edition.) 
 
 a.d. 560. fteji F^ng ^/6j?elbpiht to Cantpapa pice. 
 3 heolb hit Lin. pmtpa :• On hip bagum pen be pe 
 halga papa Trpegopiup up pulluht. f pap on ]>am 
 tpam *] )?pittigo$an geape hip picep :• 
 
 a.d. 592. ftep Irpegopiup peng to papbome on 
 Rome :• 
 
 a.d. 596. ftep Irpegopiup papa penbe to Bpe- 
 tene Auguptinum mib pel monegum munecum. *§a 
 Dobep popb yGngla ]?eobe gobppellian :• 
 
 a.d. 597. ftep com Suguptmup y hip gepepan 
 to Gngla-lanbe :• 
 
 a.d. 601. ftep penbe Irpegopiup pe papa 2Su- 
 guptme Spcebipceope pallium on Bpytene* 3 pel 
 monige gobcunbe lapeopap him to pultume :• 
 
 a.d. 604. ftepTCguptinupgehalgob n.bipcopap. 
 ODelhtum 3 I upturn- ODellitum he penbe to bobi- 
 anne Gapt-8eaxum pulluht. 3 yS]?elbypht gepealbe 
 GDellite bipcop-petl on Lunbenpic- 3 Iupto he 
 pealbe bipcop-petl on ftpopep-ceaptpe pe yp xxiv. 
 mila ppam Doppit-ceaptpe :• 
 
 a.d. 606. ftep pop^pepbe Irpegopiup ymb tyn 
 geap )?aep )>e he up pulpiht penbe :• 
 
38 EXTRACTS FROM THE SAXON CHRONICLE. 
 
 a.d. 616. ftep v/6j?elbyjihtr. Cantpapa cymnj. 
 pop^pepbe. pe sepopt pulpiht unbeppeng Gn^hpcpa 
 cmga :• 
 
 On ]>yyey cmjep (Gabbalb) bagum. ye ylca Lau- 
 pentiup apceb'* ye pap on Cent aeptep TCugupmie. 
 pop^Spepbe iv. Non. Febp. 3 he paj* bebypgeb be 
 Tfjuptme :• 8e halija Suguptinup be hip halan 
 hue hine habobe to bipcope- to]?i f Cpiptep gela- 
 Jmng. ]?e ]?a git paep nipe on Gngla-lanbe- nane 
 hpile Eeptep hip pop^prSe naepe butan apcebipcope :• 
 Da aeptep him peng GDellifcup to apceb'-bome ye 
 pap aep bipcop op Lunben. ]?a pupbon Lunben- 
 pape haej?ene :• 
 
GLOSSARY. 
 
 The grammatical references are all made to the Anglo-Saxon Gram- 
 mar and Compendium of Dr. Bosworth. 
 
 Observe that an a is frequently added, by paragoge, to the termi- 
 nation of adjectives and adjectival pronouns, and is considered 
 by some grammarians to be emphatic ; as eappsert, pious ; re 
 eapjzaerra papa, the very pious pope ; re ylca, the very same. 
 (See Lye, Hickes, Bosworth, &c.) Rask, however, in his valu- 
 able Grammar, shows that this is merely the definite form of the 
 adjective, since it is invariably preceded by the definite article. 
 (See Thorpe's Translation.) In either case, all adjectives of this 
 form follow the modifications of the second declension of nouns, 
 (pite^a.) 
 
 a. always, for ever, aye. 
 
 Sbbob. Xbbot. l.m. an abbot 
 
 abpoben. (p. p. of abpebian, to take out) taken out, 
 
 plucked, freed, delivered. 
 ac. but, for. 
 acennan. to produce, beget, bear, bring forth : p. p. acen- 
 
 neb. born, begotten, descended. 
 acrian. same as axian. 
 abl. 3. f. ail, ailment, disease. 
 abrieogan. perf. abpeaj, pi. abpugon. to suffer, endure, 
 
 do, commit. 
 abyban. abybban. to kill, destroy. 
 abylegian. perf. abylegobe. to destroy, abolish, expiate. 
 a&ppe. ever, always. 
 
 c 
 
40 GLOSSARY. 
 
 aepteji. after, concerning ', according to. 
 
 *Ftep5enga. 2. m. (aepcep, a/fcr, gan, to go.) a successor. 
 
 aegSep. ezYAer. aegSep ge — ge. as well — as. 
 
 gent. 3. f. possession, estate, property. 
 
 iEljzpeb. (eel, a//, ppebe, joeace ; all Peace *. or aelp, an 
 elf, pseb, council ; an elfin council -f.) Alfred. 
 
 JEIla. Ella, King of the Deiri. 
 
 aelppembe, -ppemeb. (s&l, all, ppembe, same.) strange, 
 foreign, alien, unsuitable ; (alienus.) 
 
 iElmihtig. (ael, «//, miht, might.) almighty. The Al- 
 mighty. 
 
 a&nlypi, -liprg. single, one by one. 
 
 aep. ere, erst, before, aepop, before, szjieyt, first, aepftam, 
 or sepSan, ere that, antequam. aep bejropan. before. 
 
 aepenbpaca. 2. m. (s&penbe, errand, peccan, to tell.) an 
 ambassador, messenger, apostle. 
 
 a&pejt. sepor c. ^/zr^. See aep. 
 
 aepjzeeft. (ap, honour, y&^fast.) honourable, good, pious, 
 righteous. 
 
 sepmopgen. sepmopigen. 1. m. (sep, before, mopgen, 
 morning.) before morning, early morning, dawn. 
 
 aefc. at, by, near, to. In composition, from, of, out. 
 
 setbpeban. p. p. setbpoben. (aefc, out, bpeeban, to take.) 
 to take away, liberate, deliver. 
 
 aetjzopan. (r.opan ?t /bre.) before. 
 
 a&tlutian. (lutian, same.) to hide, lie hid. 
 
 seSele. noble, distinguished. 
 
 seSelbopen. (bopen, born.) noble-born. 
 
 seSelbopennyrr. noble-birth, nobility. 
 
 iEj^elbypiht, -bpiht. (e<5ele, noble, beopht, bright, illus- 
 trious ; noble and illustrious.) Ethelbert. 
 
 * Verstegan's Restitution. f Sharon Turner. 
 
GLOSSARY. 41 
 
 seftelice. (lie.) nobly, 
 
 apanbian. p. p. ajranbob. to prove, experience, try. 
 
 ajrypht. affrighted, afraid. 
 
 agan. perf. ahte. to possess, own, have. 
 
 agen. (ajan, to possess.) own, private. 
 
 ajyltan. (gyle, guilt, sin.) to be guilty of, to commit. 
 
 ahebban. to heave or lift up, raise, exalt. 
 
 ahepan. perf. ahojr. p. p. ahapen. to lift up, exalt. 
 
 ahpaebban. to rid, save, deliver, rescue, redeem. 
 
 alaeban. p. p. alseb. to lead, bring. 
 
 Alleluia. (Heb.) Allelujah. 
 
 alyran. (lypan, same.) to loose, redeem, deliver. 
 
 an, anne, an, or a&n, a&nne, sen. The indefinite Article, 
 a, an, or one, constantly used, in Anglo-Saxon, be- 
 fore consonants as well as vowels ; as, an tpeop, a 
 tree : on Saepe anpe cibe, at the very time. 
 
 ana. (an.) only, once. 
 
 anb. and. In composition, to, back, against, over against, 
 before, in the presence of*. 
 
 anbecnyr. 3. f. confession. 
 
 anbppapian. p. p. anbrpapob. (anb, back, ppepian, to 
 swear -f.) to answer. 
 
 anbrpapu. 3.f. an answer. 
 
 anbpeapb. (anb, against, or before, peopSan, to be.) pre- 
 sent ; because persons present stand against or op- 
 
 * Dr. Jamieson contends that anb is not only equivalent to the 
 Greek avn ; but, in its Gothic form, A M^L A.> was probably its 
 parent. See his Hermes Scythicus, on avn, where the theory of 
 Home Tooke, as applied to anb, is ingeniously controverted. Un- 
 doubtedly, anb and avn had a common origin. 
 
 •f* " It is probable that the primitive signification of rperiian, was, 
 simply, to speak, loqui." Junii Etymol. Anglic. But see also Hickes's 
 Thesaurus, vol. i. p. 70. 
 
 c2 
 
42 GLOSSARY. 
 
 posite each other*; thus, in Lat., prcesens is prae, be- 
 fore, ens, (obs.) being. 
 
 anbplite. 2. n. (anb, before, phtan, to look.) face, coun- 
 tenance. Germ, antlitz. 
 
 anbpypban. (anb, back, popb, a word.) to answer. Germ, 
 antwort. 
 
 Sngel. 1 . m. an angel. 
 
 Sngelcynn. 1. n. (cyn, kin, tribe, nation.) the English 
 nation. 
 
 angm, -gyn. 1. n. (anb, to, gan, to go.) a beginning. 
 
 Sngli. (Lat.) the Angles. 
 
 Sngol. l.m. an Angle, Englishman. 
 
 anmob. (an, one, mob, mind.) one-minded, unanimous. 
 
 anmoblice. (preced. and lie.) unanimously. 
 
 anps&bner. 3. f. (an, one, pa&b, counsel, intention.) con- 
 stancy, perseverance, steadfastness. 
 
 anr yn. 3. f. (anb, before, peon, to see.) face, countenance, 
 aspect. Germ, ange-sicht. 
 
 Spor tol. l.m. an apostle. 
 
 aportollic. (preced. and lie.) apostolic. 
 
 apsepan. to rear, build, erect. 
 
 Spcebirceop. l.m. archbishop. 
 
 Spela. Aries, a town in France. 
 
 arenban. to send. 
 
 arpenban. to spend. 
 
 artrgan. perf. aptah. to go, step, climb, ascend. 
 
 ar tpeccan. p. p. aptpeht, to stretch, extend, lay prostrate, 
 overthrow. 
 
 apeban. perf. apebbe. to rage. 
 
 apeappan, -oppan. to throw away or down, reject, re- 
 
 * See Hickes's Thesaurus, vol. i. p. 69-70. 
 
GLOSSARY. 43 
 
 apenban. to turn, translate, change. 
 
 apept. adj. waste, empty, desolate. 
 
 apeptan. p. p. apepte, -ceb. to waste, make desolate, de- 
 stroy. 
 
 axian. perf. axobe. to ash. Still preserved in several 
 provincial dialects. 
 
 B\ contraction for Bircop. 
 
 baepan. bepan. to bear, produce, offer. 
 
 be. bi. big. by, at, of, concerning, according to, in, near*. 
 As a prefix, it is, in general, merely augmentative, 
 though it sometimes imparts an active signification ; 
 as behabban, to surround, begangan, to perform. 
 
 bealcan. to pour out : vulg., to belch. 
 
 beapn. l.n. child, son, boy. vulg. bairn. 
 
 bebeoban. perf. bebeab. (bob, a command?) to command, 
 order. 
 
 bebob. l.n. (bob, same.) command, commandment, de- 
 cree. 
 
 bebypjian. p. p. bebypgeb. (bypgan, same.) to bury. 
 
 becuman. perf. becom. (cuman, to come.) to come, hap- 
 pen, fall, befall. 
 
 bepangen. p. p. of bepon. (pon, to take.) taken, sur- 
 rounded, begirt, clad. 
 
 bepeallan. to befall, happen, fall. 
 
 bepopan. before. 
 
 beppman. perf. beppan. (ppiuan, same.) to ask, question, 
 learn. 
 
 behac. l.n. (hat, same.) a promise. 
 
 behealban. perf. beheolb. to behold, see, observe. 
 
 behopian. perf. behopobe. to behove, need, require. 
 
 * See Jamieson on ewt. Herm. Scythicus. 
 
44 GLOSSARY. 
 
 behpeoprung. 3. f. (hpeop, grief; whence, to rue.) re- 
 pentance, penitence. 
 
 ben. l.f. a prayer, petition, supplication. 
 
 beon. to be. 
 
 bepaecan. p. p. bepseht. (psecan, same.) to deceive, de- 
 fraud. 
 
 bepeccan. (peccan, to tell.) to say, tell, narrate. 
 
 ber lttan, rather berettan. (be, by or near, rettan, to set.) 
 to place, possess, surround, beset 
 
 bertanban. (be, by, rtanban, to stand.) to stand by or 
 over ; more frequently, to occupy. 
 
 betpeox. betpyx. betpuxt. betwixt, amongst. 
 
 betpeox Jnrum. betwixt these, in the mean time, 
 
 interea. 
 betpyh o}>pe. amongst others. 
 
 bepepan. perf. bepeop. (pepan, same.) to weep. 
 
 bibban. perf. beeb. to pray, bid, request, entreat, beseech, 
 demand, invite. 
 
 bigenga. 2. m. an inhabitant. From the same root as 
 bigeng, worship. Thus in Latin, colo, to inhabit, cul- 
 tivate, and to worship. 
 
 biggeng, more correctly bigeng. (be, and gan, to go ; or 
 bugan, to till, cultivate.) worship. 
 
 bigleopa. 2. m. (big, by*, leopan, to live.) food, provi- 
 sion, subsistence. 
 
 bmnon. (mnon, same.) within. 
 
 birceop. bircop. 1. m. a bishop. 
 
 birceop-retl. birceop-rtol. l.n. (fed, seat.) a bishop's 
 seat, or see, episcopal throne. 
 
 birc. from beon. 
 
 bi<5. by$. beo$. from beon. 
 
 * See Jamieson on e-in. Herm. Scythicus. 
 
GLOSSARY. 45 
 
 blirr. 3. f. bliss, joy, exultation. 
 
 blijjian. (blirr.) to rejoice, exult, p. pres. blirprgenbe. re- 
 joicing, exulting. 
 
 boc. f. (plur. bee.) a book. Germ. buch. 
 
 boclic. (preced. and lie.) bookly, belonging to books. 
 
 bobian. perf. bobobe. p. pres. bobigenbe. (bob, a com- 
 mand.) to preach, proclaim, announce. 
 
 bobung. 3. f. (bob.) a preaching, proclamation. 
 
 bpeort. 3. f. a breast. 
 
 Bpeoten. Bpeten. Britain. 
 
 bpmjan. perf. bpohte. to bring. 
 
 bpoftop. bpobop. 3. m. a brother, indeclinable in the 
 singular. 
 
 bugigenb. l.m. (See biggeng.) an inhabitant. 
 
 buph. bupg. bypig. a city. 
 
 buphpape. pi. (buph, and papu, an inhabitant; from 
 yeji.) inhabitants, toivnspeople, citizens. 
 
 buton. butan*. but, except, unless, without. 
 
 byegan. byegean. to buy. 
 
 bylehpitner. 3. f. (byleh? simple, pit, mind f .) simple- 
 mindedness, simplicity, meekness. 
 
 Eantpapabypig. (bypig, or buph, a city.) The city of the 
 
 Cantwara or Cantuarii, Canterbury. 
 Earepe. 1. m. Ccesar, Emperor. 
 ceaprtop. 3. f. (ceapian, to sell, or buy, rtop, a place.) 
 
 a place of sale, forum, market. 
 ceartep. cear tp. 3. f. a city, town. 
 
 * See Diversions of Purley on But. 
 
 f Junius derives this from bile, the beak, and hpir, white, " re- 
 ferring to the beaks of young birds, then to their nature." See 
 Bosworth's Diet, sub voce. 
 
46 GLOSSARY. 
 
 cepan. perf. cepte. to take, betake, observe, keep. 
 cepecmht. See cypecniht. 
 
 cepefting. (cypan, to sell.) things for sale, goods, mer- 
 chandize. 
 cilbhab. 1 . m. (cilb, child, hab, state.) childhood. 
 cipce. 2. f. a church. 
 clsen. clean, pure, innocent. 
 clypian. perf. clypobe. p. p. clypeb. to speak, call, call 
 
 upon. 
 cnapa. 2. m. a knave, boy, youth. Germ, knabe. 
 cniht. 1 . m. a boy, youth, knight. 
 Epirt. 1 . m. Christ. 
 Epirten. 1 . m. a Christian. 
 Epirtenbom. 1. m. (bom, office, state.) Christianity, 
 
 Christendom. 
 cu8. (cunnan, to know.) known, certain, 
 cf contracted for cpaeft. 
 cpeejmn. cpeftan. perf. cpsecS. plur. cps&bon. to say, speak, 
 
 quoth. 
 cpealm. 1. m. qualm, sickness, pestilence, destruction, 
 
 death. 
 cpyfte. cpybe. 1. m. a word, saying. 
 cyn. l.n. kin, family, tribe, nation. 
 cynmg. 1. m. (cyn*.) a king. 
 cypecniht. 1 . m. (cypan, to sell, cniht, a youth.) a youth 
 
 offered for sale as a slave, a sale-boy. 
 cypman. cypman. 3.m. (ceap, cattle, property ; or cypan, 
 
 to sell.) a chapman, merchant. 
 cyppan. perf. cypbe. to return, turn away. 
 cyftan. perf. cyftbe. cybbe. (cuS, known.) to make known, 
 speak, relate, tell, testify. 
 
 * Kemble's Glossary to Beowulf. 
 
GLOSSARY. 47 
 
 bsebboc. 3. f. (baeb, action, deed, boc, compensation.) 
 
 deed-reparation, repentance, retribution. 
 baeg. 1. m. a day. 
 baeghpamhc. (baeg.) daily, 
 
 baegpephc. (ba&g.) efoi/?/. baegfeplic baej, iVaw tfery c?ay. 
 bsel. l.m. deal, part, region. 
 beaft. l.m. efetftfA. 
 Demi, the Deiri, occupying Lancashire, Yorkshire, 
 
 Westmoreland, Cumberland and Durham, 
 bema. 2. m. (bom, doom.) a judge, governor, 
 beojrol. beojrl. 1 . m. 77*6 devil. 
 Dene, the Deiri, 
 be$. doth, from bon. 
 
 biaconhab. 1. m. (hab, office, state.) deaconhood, 
 bim. dim, dark. 
 bom. l.m. doom, judgement, power. As a termination, 
 
 it denotes power, office, state, authority, right, 
 bon. to do, make, 
 
 Doppic-ceajxep. Dorobernia. Canterbury, 
 bpohcman. perf. bpohtnobe. to converse, live, behave, 
 bpohcnung. 3. f. conversation, society, life, conduct. 
 bpync. 1 . n. drink. 
 
 bpelian. p. pres. bpehjenbe. (bpylb, sin,) to err. 
 bypjxijner. 3. f. (beappan. byppan, to dare ; or bypjxij, 
 
 daring,) presumption, arrogance, 
 
 ea. 3. f. water, a river. 
 
 eac. eke, also, moreover, 
 
 eaca. 2. m. (eac.) an addition, increase, zo eacan, as an 
 
 addition, moreover, besides, 
 eabij. (eab, happiness,) happy, blessed, 
 eabmoblice. (eaft, gentle, mob, mind,) humbly, 
 eahtaog. (eahca, eight) eighty. 
 
48 GLOSSARY 
 
 eal. all. 
 
 ealb. comp. ylbpe. superl. ylbert. (ylbu, age.) old, ancient. 
 
 ealboji. 1 . m. (ealb, old.) an elder, chief, prince, leader, 
 abbot. 
 
 ealh. altogether. 
 
 eallunga. totally, quite, altogether, entirely, omnino. 
 
 ealmihtig. See iElmihtig. 
 
 ealonb. See lglanb. 
 
 eapjra&rt. (ege, awe, psert, fast.) pious, religious. 
 
 ece. eternal. 
 
 eblean. l.n. (eb, back, lean, a loan.) a reward, recom- 
 pense. 
 
 ep enypjzepeapb. 1 . m. (ep en, even, yppe, inheritance, peapb, 
 ward, keeper, possessor.) co-heir. 
 
 epne. lo ! behold ! ecce ! 
 
 ejrftan. (ep pt, a hastening.) to hasten. 
 
 ept. again, after. In composition, again, back again : eb 
 has the same import ; and both answer to the Latin re. 
 
 ehtnyp. 3. f. (ehtan, to persecute.) persecution. 
 
 enbe. 1 . m. an end. 
 
 enbung. 3. f. (enbe.) ending, end, death. 
 
 engel. l.m. an angel. 
 
 Gngelcynn. See Xngelcynn. 
 
 Gngla-lanb. the land of the Angles. England. 
 
 englelic. (engel, an angel.) angelic. 
 
 Gnglirc. English. 
 
 en^ol. SeeSn^ol. 
 
 eobe. from gan. 
 
 eopnortlice. (eopnort, earnest.) earnestly, diligently; 
 so, now, therefore. 
 
 eop<5e. eapb. 2. f. the earth. 
 
 eop. from ftu. 
 
 eopep. your. 
 
GLOSSARY. 49 
 
 epcehab. l.m. (epce, arch, hab, office, state.) the archi- 
 
 episcopal dignity. 
 eptpull. (ept, love, devotion, yu\\, full.) devout, kind. 
 eftel. 1 . m. a country, region. 
 
 paebep. l.m. a father. 
 
 paebepa. 2. m. an uncle by the father s side. 
 
 psegep. fair, beautiful. 
 
 paeplic. (psep, sudden, dreadful.) sudden, unexpected. 
 
 paept. fast. In composition, both as a prefix and postfix, 
 it denotes firmness, stability, tenacity ; and is still 
 retained in such phrases as "fast-by, fast-asleep, to 
 hold fast." Probably the perfect tense of some ob- 
 solete root of paapenian, to fasten. 
 
 paepten. l.n. a fast, fasting. 
 
 paept-hapob or hapel. (paept, fast, hapan, same as haebban, 
 to have.) fast-having, retentive, tenacious. 
 
 pap. 3. f. (papan, to go.) a journey, expedition, depart- 
 ure ; hence fare. 
 
 papan, perf. pepbe. to go, journey, depart. 
 
 papelb. pa&pelb. l.m. (papan.) a journey. 
 
 pealb. (pealban, to fold ; as, in Latin, duplex, triplex, &c. ; 
 from plico.) fold; only used in composition. 
 
 peallan. p.pres. peallenbe. to fall. 
 
 peccan. to fetch. 
 
 pela. much, many. 
 
 penman. See pon. 
 
 peop. far. 
 
 peoph. 1. life, countenance. 
 
 peop<5. (yeoyeyi, four.) fourth. 
 
 peopeptig. (peopep.) forty. 
 
 pipta. (pip,^e.) fifth, pipta paebep, fifth father, a great 
 grandfathers grandfather. Lat. atavus. 
 
50 GLOSSARY. 
 
 fleam, l.m. (pleon, to flee.) flight. 
 
 pleon. perf. pleah. to flee, fly. 
 
 pleopenbe. (pres. p. of pleopan, to flow.) flowing. 
 
 pole. 1 . n. folk, people. Germ. volk. 
 
 pon. perf. peng. to take, receive, undertake, begin. 
 
 F°P # - f or > instead of, by reason of, in respect of, on ac- 
 count of. 
 
 pope. See Note on pop. 
 
 popepa&b. (pope, forth, pa&cjan, to say.) foresaid. 
 
 popgipan. perf. popgeap. (yop, forth or away, Jipan, to 
 give.) to give, grant, forgive, pardon. 
 
 popgytel. (pop, and gytan, to pour out.) forgetful. 
 
 pophsepebnyp. 3. f. (pop, privat. and haebban, to have. 
 abs-tineo.) abstinence, continence. 
 
 pophogian. p. pres. yojihop^enbefyoji, privat. and ho^ian, 
 to be anxious about.) to neglect, despise. 
 
 pophtung. 3. f. fear. 
 
 poplaetan, -letan. (pop, and letan, to let, permit.) to per- 
 mit, suffer, leave, forsake, abandon. 
 
 poppabian. (pope, and hpabian, pabian, to hasten.) to go 
 before, prevent, anticipate, seek beforehand. 
 
 * Home Tooke considers j:on the same with " the Gothic sub- 
 stantive tAlK-IN/V* Cause, and that it invariably signifies 
 Cause and nothing else." See Divers, of Purley, vol. i. p. 366. But 
 Dr. Murray derives pop or pojie from fc A]ClvN\ to go, and 
 traces out its simple signification as being — before in time, place, 
 and circumstances, and, in compounds, forth or forward, and be- 
 fore. Hist. Europ. Lang., vol. ii. p. 23. But " when the particle 
 has & privative signification, it probably represents the Gothic fra ; 
 also in poji^ipan, Flem. vergeeven, to forgive ; which are the col- 
 laterals of £:J£AriJ^V^*" See Ta y lor ' s Additional Notes 
 to the Diversions of Purley, p. xv. 
 
GLOSSARY. 51 
 
 popppi£ian. (pop, and ppig, silence.) to be silent, pass over 
 in silence. 
 
 pop<5am, -an. sometimes popSon. for that, since, because. 
 fopSam ]>e, or pop<5an pe. for that that, because, be- 
 cause that. Fr. de ce que. 
 
 popSpapan. perf. popSpepbe. (popo\ forth, away, papan, 
 to go.) to go forth, depart, die. 
 
 popftgan^an. p. pres. popo^anjenb, -jenje. (janjan, or 
 gan, to go.) to go forth, spread abroad. 
 
 popSpS- 1-ni. (popb 1 , forth, away, yi^, journey.) death, 
 departure. 
 
 pop-pel. much, greatly, pop pel menige, very many. 
 
 poppypb. 3. f. (pop, aivay, and pypb,/afe.) death, destruc- 
 tion, ruin. 
 
 ppsetepian. p.p. ppaetepob. (ppsetu, a decoration.) to fret, 
 adorn. 
 
 ppam*. from, by. 
 
 Fpancan. the Franks ; the free people. 
 
 ppejnan. perf. ppsejm. ppaegn. to ask, enquire. 
 
 ppemian. to accomplish, perfect, profit, benefit, avail. 
 
 ppeohce. (ppeo, free.) freely. 
 
 pulluht. l.m. baptism. 
 
 pulppemeb. (pull, full, ppemian, to accomplish.) per- 
 fect. 
 
 pulppemeblice. (preced. and lie.) perfectly. 
 
 pulcum. 1 . m. aid, help, a helper. 
 
 pulpiht. same as pulluhc. 
 
 pupftop. further. 
 
 pylpt. f. help, assistance, succour. 
 
 pylptan. (pylpt.) to help, assist. 
 
 * jrpiam or pjrom is the Gothic j^J£HM> Beginning, Origin^ 
 and signifies Beginning. Divers. Purley, vol. i. p. 342» 
 
52 GLOSSARY. 
 
 pyplen. (pyp, p9ep,/ar, from papam) long, distant. 
 f yppt. 1 . m. a time, space, period. 
 
 ge. As a prefix, sometimes communicates a metaphori- 
 cal signification ; as hypan, to hear ; gehypan, to 
 obey. It also assists in forming collective nouns ; as 
 gebpojmu, brethren ; gemagap, kindred ; gelaSung, an 
 assembly. At a later period it was changed into y ; 
 as geclypob, y-cleped. 
 
 ge. and, also, segftepge — ge, as we// — as ; fo^A — and. 
 
 ge. from Su. ye. 
 
 geanbppapian. (See anbppapian.) to answer. 
 
 geanbpypban. p. p. geanbpypb. (See anbpypban.) to an- 
 swer. 
 
 geap. 1 . n. a year. 
 
 geapian. (ap, honour, compassion, pity.) to pardon, 
 spare. 
 
 geapman. geeapman. perf. geapnobe. geeapnobe. to earn, 
 gain, obtain, deserve. 
 
 geapo, -pu, -pe. ready, prepared. 
 
 geappupftian. perf. geappupSobe. (ap, honour, peopft, 
 worthy.) to honour, respect, reverence. 
 
 gebeb. l.n. (bibban, to pray.) prayer, devotion. 
 
 gebigan. perf. gebigbe. p. p. gebigeb. (bigan, to bow.) 
 to bend, incline, turn, convert. 
 
 gebpmgan. p. p. gebpoht. (bpmgan, same.) to bring. 
 
 gebpo<5op. 3. m. a brother, plur. gebpoSpu, -pa. brethren. 
 
 gebypnung. 3. f. (bypn, same.) an example. 
 
 geceopan. perf. geceap. (ceopan, same.) to choose. 
 
 gecigan, -cygan. p. p. gecigeb, -cygeb. (cigan, same.) to 
 call, name. 
 
 gecneopblaecan. perf. gecneopblaehte. (cneopb, skilful, 
 diligent, and Isecan.) to study. 
 
GLOSSARY. 53 
 
 gecnypbnyp, -cneopbnyp. 3. f. (cneopb, diligent.) study, 
 care, diligence, sincerity. 
 
 gecuman. perf. gecom. (cuman, to come.) to come, come 
 together. 
 
 gecupan. p. p. gecopen. (cupan, same.) to choose, elect. 
 
 gecpeme. (epeman, to please.) pleasing, gratifying. 
 
 gecynb. 1. n. (cyn.) nature, generation, kind, mode, state. 
 
 gecynbe. adj. natural, innate. 
 
 gecyppan. (cyppan, same.) to turn, turn away, return, 
 repent, p. p. gecyppeb, converted, repentant, penitent. 
 
 gecyppebnyp. 3. f. a turning away, conversion. 
 
 gebapman. perf. gebapenobe. p.p. gebapen, (bapnian, 
 same.) to become, to be proper ; generally used im- 
 personally. 
 
 gebeopp. l.n. (beopp, same.) tribulation, labour. 
 
 gebihtan. perf. gebihte. (biht, arrangement, command.) 
 to arrange, dictate, prepare, compose. 
 
 gebpepebnyp. 3. f. (bpepan, to trouble, harass.) trouble, 
 tribulation. 
 
 gebpola. 2. m. (bpola, same.) error. 
 
 geepenlaecan. (epen, even, equal, and la&can.) to imitate. 
 
 geenbebypban. perf. geenbebypbne. (enbebyjibmy, order.) 
 to ordain, appoint. 
 
 geenbung. 3. f. (enb, end.) end, period, death. 
 
 geps&ptman. perf. gepaeptnobe. (pseptman, same.) to fast- 
 en, fix, retain. 
 
 gepeaxe. same as gepeaxob. 
 
 gepeaxob. (peax, hair.) haired, having a profusion of 
 hair. 
 
 gepepa. 2. m. (papan, to go.) a companion, colleague, 
 associate. 
 
 geppemian. perf. geppemobe, -mebe. (ppemian, same.) to 
 effect, complete, accomplish. 
 
54 GLOSSARY. 
 
 gepulhan. p. p. jepullob. (jzullian, same.) to baptize. 
 
 gep ultumian. (pulcum, aid.) to aid, help, assist. 
 
 gepyllan. (pyllan, same.) to fill, fulfill. 
 
 gepypn. (yyji, far.) anciently , formerly . 
 
 ge^lengan. perf. and p. p. geglenbe. (jla&ngc, pomp.) to 
 adorn, ornament. 
 
 gegobian. perf. gegobobe. (gobian, to assist, make better, 
 from job, good.) to help, assist, enrich, endow. 
 
 gegprpan. p. p. gegpipen. (gpipan, same : whence, to 
 gripe.) to seize. 
 
 gehabian. perf. gehabobe. p. p. gehabob. (habian, same, 
 from hab, office, state.) to ordain, consecrate. 
 
 gehalgian. p. p. gehalgob. (halgian, to hallow, from hahg, 
 holy.) to ordain, consecrate. 
 
 gehatan. p. p. jehaten. (hatan, to call.) to call, bid, pro- 
 mise. 
 
 gehpaep. (hpaep, where.) every where. 
 
 gehpylc, -hpilc. (hpylc, who, which, tvhilk.) every one, 
 each, all. 
 
 gehyppumian. (hypan, to hear.) to hear, obey. 
 
 gelaeccan. perf. geleehte. (la&ccan, to seize.) to take, seize, 
 apprehend. 
 
 gels&ban. p. p. gelseb. (lseban, same.) to lead, bring. 
 
 gelaepeb. (p. p. of gelaepan, to teach.) taught, learned. 
 
 gelaSung. 3. f. (gelaSian, to call together.) a congrega- 
 tion, assembly, church. 
 
 geleapa. 2. m. (leaf, same.) leave, permission, belief, faith. 
 
 geleap p ull. believing, faithful. 
 
 gelic. like, equal, hip gelica, his like, equal, peer. 
 
 geheian. perf. gehcobe. to like, please, delight : frequently 
 used impersonally. 
 
 jelimpan. perf. gelamp. p. p. gelumpen. to happen : ge- 
 nerally used impersonally. 
 
GLOSSARY. 55 
 
 gelujrp ullian. perf. gelurtpullobe. (lupc, lust, pleasure.) 
 
 to please, delight : frequently impers. 
 gelypan. perf. jelypbe. to believe. 
 gemahhc. (jemah, same.) eager, earnest, importunate, 
 
 persevering. 
 gemahnyr r. 3. f. importunity, perseverance. 
 gemetan. p. p. gemet. (mot, a meeting, assembly.) to 
 
 meet, find. 
 gemunan, -mynjian, -mynan. perf. gemunbe, -mynte. 
 
 (mynt, remembrance, from mynb, mind.) to remem- 
 ber, recollect. 
 geminb. l.n. (mynb.) the mind, memory. 
 geneabian. p. p. geneabob. (neab, need, necessity.) to force, 
 
 compel. 
 genemnan. p.p. genemneb, -nb. (nemnan, same.) to 
 
 name, call. 
 genepian. p. p. genenob. (nepian, same.) to free, deliver, 
 
 rescue. 
 gemhtrumlice. (genoh, enough.) plentifully, abundantly. 
 geniman. perf. genom, -nam. p. p. genumen, -nummen. 
 
 (niman, same.) to take, take aivay. 
 genog. genoh. enow, enough, sufficiently. 
 £eo£0(5, -£u<5. 3. f. (geong.) youth. 
 geonb. yond, beyond, through, after. 
 geong. young, youthful. 
 geonjhc. (geong.) young, youthful. 
 geopeman. perf. geopenobe. p. p. geopenob. (opeman, 
 
 same.) to open. 
 geopn. eager, earnest, anxious, diligent, zealous : hence 
 
 yearn. 
 geopnp ul. fervent, eager, anxious, zealous. 
 geopnpullice. comp. jeopnpulhcop. earnestly, anxiously, 
 
 diligently, zealously. 
 
56 GLOSSARY. 
 
 geopnlice. earnestly, anxiously, zealously. 
 
 geopnung. geajinung. a yearning, anxious desire; an 
 
 earnest. 
 gepeca. 2. m. (pecan, to rule.) a prcefect, commander, 
 
 general. 
 gepeccan. p. p. gepehte. (peccan, to reck, care.) to tell, 
 
 explain, show, reckon, number. 
 gepeopb. l.n. language, tongue. 
 gepihtlsecan. p. p. gepihtlseht;, -leant, (pint, right, and 
 
 la&can.) to set straight, correct, amend, justify. 
 gergehjlice. (r^S? happy.) happily. 
 ger cylban. (pcylb, a shield.) to shield, defend, protect. 
 gereon. perf. gereah. p. p. gerepen. (reon, same.) to see. 
 ger etan, -r ettan. perf. geret, -rette. p. p. geret, -rette. 
 
 (rettan, same.) to set, appoint, place, possess. 
 ger eftan. p. p. gerefteb. to speak, testify, attest, confirm. 
 gepht. geryM), 3. f. (r eon, to see.) sight, vision, aspect, 
 
 presence. 
 gepngan. p. p. gerungen. (pngan, same.) to sing. 
 gerlagan. perf. gerloh. p. p. gerlagen. to strike, slay; re 
 
 gerlagen, the person attacked. 
 gertanban. perf. gertob. (je, against, r tanban, to stand.) 
 
 to attack, seize. 
 gertillan. perf. gertilbe. (rtillan, same.) to still, restrain, 
 
 assuage, mitigate. 
 ger unbpullice. (runb, sound, safe.) safely, prosperously. 
 gerpican. perf. gerpic. gerpac. to cease, discontinue, de- 
 sist from. 
 gerpinc. l.n. labour, toil, fatigue, tribulation. 
 gerputehan. perf. gerputelobe. p. p. gerputelob. (rputel, 
 manifest^) to manifest, exhibit, make known, show 
 forth. 
 geryhS. from gereon. he sees. 
 
GLOSSARY. Oi 
 
 ger yllan. perf. gerealbe. (r yllan, same.) to give, present, 
 deliver, sell. 
 
 geceal, -cael. l.n. (See getellan.) a number; hence tale. 
 
 gecellan. p. p. getealb. (cellan, to tell, number.) to num- 
 ber, reckon. 
 
 gecimbpian. perf. getimbpobe. (timbep, timber.) to build, 
 construct. 
 
 gecogen. (ceon, to draw.) drawn out, instructed, com- 
 pleted ; rpa getojen, so learned, so accomplished. 
 
 gec) r an. p. p. jecyb. to show, teach, instruct. 
 
 gepapan. geSapjean. perf. gepapobe. to permit, suffer, 
 consent to. 
 
 gefencean, -can. p.p. gepoht, -Jmhc. (Sencan, same.) to 
 think, consider. 
 
 ge<5eoban. (Seoban, same.) to join, unite. 
 
 geJnncS. 3.f. (Jnncft, elevation, summit.) honour, dignity. 
 
 geSungen. (geftean, to flourish, prosper*.) illustrious, 
 pious, distinguished. 
 
 geupepan. perf. geujrepob. (ujrep, over.) to elevate, exalt. 
 
 geunnan. (unna, leave, permission.) to grant, permit. 
 
 gepapan. m. pi. (papu, an inhabitant ; from yeji.) citizens, 
 inhabitants. 
 
 gepealban. perf. gepeolb. (pealban, to wield.) to rule, go- 
 vern, hold, possess. 
 
 gepenban. perf. jepenbe. (penban, to wend, go.) to change, 
 go, depart. 
 
 gepeopcan. perf. gepophte. (peopc, work.) to work, per- 
 form, celebrate. 
 
 gepeopftan. perf. gepeapft. p. p. gepopben. (peop<5an, or 
 pypSan, same.) to be, to be made or done. 
 
 * See Lye, sub voce. Elsewhere he derives ^e^un^en from ge- 
 ^m^ian, to obtain. 
 
58 GLOSSARY. 
 
 gepilman. perf. gepilnobe. (pilla, the will.) to desire, long 
 for. 
 
 gepilnung. 3. f. (pilla.) desire, appetite. 
 
 gepiplice. (pip, wise.) wisely, prudently: also certainly, 
 indeed, especially. 
 
 gepita. 2. m. (pitan, to know.) witness. 
 
 gepitan. perf. gepat. gepit. to depart. 
 
 gepitman. (pite, punishment.) to lament, bewail, repent. 
 
 geppit. 1 . n. (pmt, same.) a writ, writing, letter, epistle. 
 
 gepuna. 2. m. (puna, same.) custom, wont, practice, rite. 
 
 geynrian. (yppe, ire, anger.) to be angry vnth, to punish. 
 
 gipu. 3. f. (gipan, to give.) a gift, favour. 
 
 gilb. l.n. tax, tribute, pay ; worship. 
 
 gipla. gypla. 2. m. a robe, vestment, garment. 
 
 Jjob. l.m. God. 
 
 gob. good. 
 
 gobcunb. (liob, God, cyn, kin.) divine. 
 
 gobppelhan. (gob, good, rpell, history, tale, message : ev- 
 ayyekiov : gospel.) to preach the gospel, to preach. 
 
 golb. l.n. gold. 
 
 gnam. 2. m. anger, indignation. 
 
 gpecipc. Greekish, Greek. 
 
 gumenian. perf. gumenobe. to allude to, play upon or 
 with. 
 
 SYF- Ph (SP 11 * t0 give*.) if. 
 
 gylt. 1. m. guilt, fault, crime, sin, debt. 
 
 gym. 1. m. a gem. 
 
 gyman. to care, take care, gymenne bon. to exercise or 
 
 manifest care or anxiety. 
 gyt. (eri-f.) yet, still, gyt Sa. yet, as yet, yet then, more- 
 over. 
 
 * See Diversions of Purley. t Herm. Scythic. 
 
GLOSSARY. 59 
 
 habban. perf. haepbe. p. p. haepeb. to have. 
 
 hab. 1 . m. head, height, office, dignity. As a postfix, it 
 denotes order, office, degree, state, quality, &c, and 
 is the origin of the modern terminations hood and 
 /lead : as ppeor thab, priesthood. 
 
 habian. perf. habobe. (hab*.) to ordain, consecrate. 
 
 habung. 3. f. (hab.) ordination, consecration. 
 
 paelenb. l.m. (hdelu, health.) the Healer, the Saviour. 
 
 haelu. 3. f. (hal, sound.) health, healing, salvation, safety. 
 
 hser. 3. f. command, precept, mandate. 
 
 haeften. a heathen, pagan. 
 
 haeSennyr. 3. f. heathenism. 
 
 ha&ftenrcype. l.m. (rcype, state.) heathenship, heathenism. 
 
 hal. hale, ichole, sound. 
 
 halja. more properly hahg. (hal, sound.) holy, sacred. 
 
 haljena. gen. plur. of halja. 
 
 halpaii. perf. half obe. (half, the neck ?,) to entreat, be- 
 seech, call to witness. 
 
 hanb. 3. f. the hand. 
 
 hacan. perf. haet. p. p. hatce. haten. to call, name, com- 
 mand: whence hight. 
 
 he, heo, hit, or hyt. he, she, it. 
 
 heah. high. 
 
 healban. perf. heolb. p. p. healben. to hold. 
 
 heapbnyf . 3. f. (heapb, hard.) hardness, obduracy. 
 
 heofob. (p. p. of heapan.) heaved, raised up: as an adj. 
 chief, principal, head. 
 
 heopon. 1. m. (heapan, to heave, lift up, heapen, heaved.) 
 heaven. 
 
 heoponhc. heavenly, celestial. 
 
 * See Note on hab in the Glossary to Kemble's Translation of 
 Beowulf. 
 
60 GLOSSARY. 
 
 heoping. 3. f. lamentation. 
 
 heom, for him, dat. plur. of he. 
 
 heopa. for hipa, gen. plur. of he. 
 
 heopte. 3. f. the heart. 
 
 hep. here, in this year, at this time. 
 
 hepigen&hce. (hepian, to praise.} laudably. 
 
 hibep. hither. 
 
 hine, from he. 
 
 hip. l.n. hue, complexion, appearance, form. 
 
 hlaban. perf. hlob. to lade, take up as with a ladle, draw 
 in, imbibe. 
 
 hlir a. 2. m. fame, reputation, humour, opinion. 
 
 hof. a house, a cave. 
 
 hogian. perf. hogobe. to study, meditate, consider, be 
 anxious about, care for. 
 
 hpaeblice. (hpseb, swift.} swiftly, speedily, quickly, sud- 
 denly. 
 
 hpafte. quickly, early, soon % . Of this word, rather is the 
 compar. 
 
 hpeorung. hpeoprung. 3. f. (hpeop, grief.) penitence, 
 repentance. 
 
 ppojie-ceartep. Rochester. 
 
 hu. how. 
 
 hugu. a little, at least. 
 
 pumbpa. 2. m. the river Humber. 
 
 hunb. a hundred. Expletive, when prefixed to the nu- 
 merals from 70 to 120f . 
 
 hunig. l.n. honey. 
 
 hupu. moreover, at least, only. 
 
 * " The rathe primrose that forsaken dies." Milton's Lycidas. 
 f Lye's Diet, sub voce ; and the Glossary of Junius to the Moeso- 
 Gothic Gospels. 
 

 GLOSSARY. 61 
 
 huj\ l.n. a house. 
 
 hpa&t. (neut. of hpa.) what, hpset Sa. what then ; there- 
 fore, thereupon, ppa hpa&c ppa, so what so, whatsoever. 
 
 hpaeSep j>e. whether or. 
 
 hpil, 3. f. a while, time, period, interval. "Sa hpile ; the 
 while, at the time*. % 
 
 hpilc. hpylc. who, which, whilk, what, every one. hpylce 
 hugu, some few. 
 
 hpit. white. 
 
 hpon. a little, somewhat, paullulum, aliquantum. 
 
 hy. for hi. accus. fern, of he. 
 
 Ic. L 
 
 ibel. idle, vain, empty, useless. 
 
 rglanb. l.n. (frequently ealanb, from ea, water, lanb, 
 
 land.) an island. 
 mcunb. (in, in, cunnan, to know.) well-known, internal, 
 
 inward. 
 lnpaeji. m. (in, in, pajian, to go.) an entrance. 
 mcmga. 2. m. cause, reason, sake, pretext, fault. 
 mpeajib. mnepeajib. inward. 
 lp. from pepan. to be. 
 lptojna. (Greek.) history. 
 iu. formerly, of old. m aen, formerly; whence, yore. (5a 
 
 iu, even then, jam turn. 
 
 la. la ! oh ! lo ! behold ! sometimes interrogative and 
 
 enclitic, 
 lacf. a gift, present, offering. 
 lsecan. (from lie, quasi lican.) In the termination of 
 
 * " Then go — but go alone the while." 
 f " Of all genders." Thorpe's Analecta. 
 
62 GLOSSARY. 
 
 verbs frequently implies similitude or approximation, 
 as ej: enlsecan, to imitate, equal. 
 
 lanb. l.n. land, the earth, ground, a region, country. 
 
 lange. adv. (lang, long.) long, lange aeji. long before. 
 
 langr urn. longsome, long, tedious, slow. 
 
 lap, 3. f. lore, learning, doctrine, advice. 
 
 lajieop. 1 . m. (laji.) a teacher, master, instructor. 
 
 leapeb. (from leob ; as XdiKos from Xaos.) lay, not clerical. 
 
 Leben. Latin. 
 
 leob. 3. f. a people, province, nation. 
 
 leoj:. (lupian.) loved, beloved, leojzert. leopopt. most be- 
 loved, dearly beloved. 
 
 leopan. lybban. perf. leopobe. (lip.) to live. 
 
 leoht. adj. (leoht, subst. light, lux.) light, pure, bright, 
 shining. 
 
 Letania. (Lat.) litany. 
 
 lie. l.n. a body (dead), a corpse, flesh. 
 
 lie. (from lie, a body.) As a terminal suffix, it denotes 
 affinity or likeness, and is the parent of the modern 
 terminations like and ly % . 
 
 lichama. 2. m. (lie, shape, body, ham, a covering f.) a 
 body (living), flesh. 
 
 * According to Dr. Murray, the Gothic i\(5lK., a b°dy, pro- 
 bably first signified shape or form, from an obsolete root denoting, 
 primarily, to lay, and, then, coincidence or agreement. That which 
 agrees with another is similar, and similarity, in matter or mind, 
 was expressed by JYGIK, or ^ 1C * -^ic an ^ tne terminal lis and 
 le of many Latin words and lick in German, appear frequently to 
 have the signification of hold, possess, or pertain to. (See Hist. 
 Europ. Lang.) To this it may be added, that, in Greek, the ter- 
 minal eidrjs and ei/ceXos, corresponding with the Gothic A.GIK. 
 and Anglo-Saxon lie, are from eidos, a form, and euaov, an image. 
 
 t Murray's Europ. Lang. 
 
GLOSSARY. 63 
 
 hcian. perf. hcobe. to like ; also impers. to please. 
 
 lip. lyp. 1. n. life. 
 
 hpian. (hp.) perf. lypobe. 3. pers. plur. lypbon. hpbon. to 
 
 live. 
 hue. same as lip. be hip halban hue. in his sound life ; 
 
 in the prime of life. 
 lop. 1 . n. praise. 
 
 lupian. perf. lupobe. (lupu.) to love. 
 luptyme. (lupu, love, tyman, to teem, bring forth.) lovely, 
 
 pleasant, delightful. 
 lupu. 3. f. love, affection. 
 Lunben-pape. (papu, an inhabitant.) the inhabitants or 
 
 citizens of London. 
 Lunben-pic. (pic, a dwelling, abode, retreat ; vicus ; a 
 
 frequent termination of the names of places.) Lon- 
 don. 
 lybbenbe. p. pres. of lybban. See leopian. 
 lypnep. 3. f. (lypan, to permit, grant.) leave, permission, 
 
 liberty. 
 
 ma. more. 
 
 maej. mag. l.m. a relation, kinsman, ancestor, parent. 
 
 maegen. 1. n. main, might, strength, power, virtue. 
 
 maegS. 3. f. (niaej, a relation.) family, race, province, 
 nation. 
 
 maepe. great, distinguished, exalted, illustrious, su- 
 preme. 
 
 ma&ppian. (maepe.) to magnify, exalt, glorify. 
 
 maeppe-peap. l.n. (maeppa, mass, peap, robe.) the mass 
 robe or sacerdotal garment. 
 
 magan. to be able, indef. maeg. may. perf. miht. might. 
 
 man. l.n. evil, wickedness, sin, crime. 
 
 man. niann. 3. m. plur. men and manna, a man. 
 
 D 
 
64 GLOSSARY, 
 
 man. (indeclinable.) one, anyone; like the French On ; 
 
 as, man rs&be ; on dit ; they said. 
 mancpealm. l.m. (man, evil, cpealm, qualm, sickness?) 
 
 a terrible disease, plague, pestilence. 
 manr.ullice. (man, wickedness.) ivickedly, sinfully. 
 manian. perf. manobe. to advise, admonish, warn, ex- 
 hort. 
 manig. ma&nrg. many, menigeo. menrgu. the many, a 
 
 multitude. 
 nianigpealb. maenigjrealb. (nianig, many, r.ealb, fold.) 
 
 manifold. 
 mannrgenne. from manian. 
 mape. more: greater. 
 maptyp. maptrp. l.m. a martyr. 
 me. from ic. 
 meb. 3. f. meed, reward. 
 mennirc. (man.) human : a human being, man. Germ. 
 
 mensch. 
 mete, mette. l.m. meat, food. 
 micclum. myclum. much, greatly, earnestly. 
 micel. mycel. mickle, much, great. 
 mib. with. 
 mibbaneapb, -geapb*. 1. m. (mibb, mid, middle, eapb, 
 
 earth.) the earth, world. 
 mibbaneapblic. earthly, worldly, temporal. 
 miht. See magan. 
 mil. 3. f. a mile. 
 
 milbheopte. (milb, mild, heopte, heart?) mild-hearted. 
 milbheoptner, -nyr. 3. f. mild-heartedness, mercy. 
 
 * " The earth or world was so named on account of the Teutonic 
 belief that it was formed in the void between the worlds of per- 
 petual fire and perpetual frost." Murray's Europ. Lang. 
 
GLOSSARY. 65 
 
 milcrian. (milcr, mercy, pity.) to pity, compassionate, be 
 
 merciful. 
 miltrung. 3. f. mercy, compassion. 
 min. my. 
 
 mob. l.n. mood, mind. 
 
 moboji. 3. f. a mother, mobpu. mobbpu. mothers. 
 monab. (from monian, same as maman.) advised. 
 monS. monao 1 . l.m. a month. 
 mopgen. mopigen. 1 . m. morning. 
 mort. (defective.) must, might, or ought. 
 mot. (defective.) / may, can, or am able. 
 munuc. munec. l.m. a monk. 
 munuchab. l.m. (hab, state.) monkhood. 
 murmchc. monklike, monkish, belonging to a monk. 
 munuchf. l.n. (lip, life.) monastic life, a monastery. 
 limb*. 1 . m. mouth. 
 mycelnyr. 3. f. (mycel.) greatness. 
 mynegung. 3. f. advice, admonition, exhortation. 
 mynrfceji. 1 . n. a minster, monastery. 
 
 ns&fpe. (ne aeppe.) never. 
 
 naen. neenne. (ne sen. ne senne.) no one. 
 
 nsepe. (ne psepe.) might not be. 
 
 nser. (ne pser.) was not. 
 
 nama. 2. m. a name. 
 
 nan. (ne an.) no one, none. 
 
 nate. not. 
 
 naterhpon. (naceftaer hpon.) not this little, by no means. 
 
 on no account. 
 ne. not, neither. 
 
 nemnan. p. p. nemneb. (nama^ a name.) to name, call. 
 next, (superlat. of neah, nigh.) nearest or next, set 
 
 nextan, at the next, at last. 
 d 2 
 
66 GLOSSARY. 
 
 nighpopfen. (neah, near, lately, or nip, new, hpeopfan, 
 
 to turn J) newly or lately converted. 
 mllan. nyllan. perf. nolbe. (ne pillan, ne polbe. Lat. nolle. 
 
 i. e. ne velle.) to be unwilling \ not to will, to nill*. 
 mr. nyr. (ne if.) is not. 
 nip. new. 
 
 mpan. (nip, new.) lately, recently. 
 nu. now. 
 
 off. of, from, out of 
 
 ofaxian. perf. ofaxobe. (axian, to ask.) to ask of, learn 
 
 by asking. 
 of cuman. perf. of cumon. (en man.) to come from, to be 
 
 derived from. 
 ofep. over, above, upon. 
 or epeac. 2. m. (of ep, and eaca, an addition.) remainder, 
 
 overplus, surplus. 
 Ofeprtrgan. perf. Ofeprtah. (ofep, over, r ti^an, to climb, 
 
 ascend.) to pass over, excel, exceed, surpass. 
 of tan. (jan, to go.) to go forwards, go out ; to go against, 
 
 require, demand, seek, request. 
 Offettan. p. p. ofret. (of, over or a,gainst\, rettan, to 
 
 set. Lat. op-pono, op-primo.) to oppose, oppress, 
 
 overwhelm. 
 offlean. perf. offloh. p.p. ofrlegen, -rlajen. (flean, same.) 
 
 to slay, strike. 
 
 * " That will he, nill he, to the great house 
 
 He went " Gray. 
 
 f See Divers, of Purley, vol. i. p. 367 et seq. where it is main- 
 tained that of is a fragment of the Gothic /VfcA RA' posteri- 
 tas, and Anglo-Saxon Xjzoria, proles, and denotes consequence, off- 
 spring, &c. In composition, it generally retains this meaning. 
 % Hermes Scythic. page 104. 
 
GLOSSARY. 67 
 
 opt. oft, often. 
 
 on. on, in, into, with, during. In composition, upwards, 
 upon, over, forward: sometimes privative and equi- 
 valent to un. 
 
 onbpaeban. perf. onbpeb. to dread, fear. 
 
 ongean. (on, forwards, gan, to go.) again, against, to- 
 wards ; to meet. Lat. ob-viam. 
 
 onginnan. perf. ongan. p. p. ongunnen. (on and gan.) 
 to begin, commence, undertake. 
 
 ongunnon. perf. plar. of ongmnan. 
 
 onrenban. (renban, to send.) to send to, send forth. 
 
 onpgan. p. pres. onpgenbe. (pgan, to fall.) to fall upon, 
 impend, threaten, increase. 
 
 ojiftian. to breathe. 
 
 op-tpupian. (op, usually privative, cpupian, to trust.) to 
 distrust, despair. 
 
 o$. until, unto, as far as, as long as. 
 
 oftep. other. 
 
 oj)3e. or. 
 
 paellen. purple. 
 
 pallium. (Lat.) a robe, pall. 
 
 Papa. (Lat.) the Pope. 
 
 papanhab. l.m. (hab, office, state.) the popedom. 
 
 papbom, l.m. (bom, office, state.) the popedom. 
 
 pijxel. pircol. 1 . m. (Lat. epistola.) an epistle, letter. 
 
 pleogan. rather plegian. perf. pleogebe. (plega, plug.) 
 
 to play. 
 ppeojxhab. (ppeorc, a priest, had, office, state.) priesthood. 
 
 ]\&b. l.m. counsel, advice; that which results from 
 
 counsel ; advantage, benefit. 
 jieab. red. 
 

 r _ "_ 
 
 :- v 
 
 r 
 
GLOSSARY. 69 
 
 fcipman. (rcip, a ship.) a ship-man, merchant. 
 
 fcopthce. (j*copt, short.) shortly, briefly. 
 
 fcylbig. (fcylb, debt, guilt, crime, from rcealan, to owe*.) 
 guilty. 
 
 fcyppenb. l.m. (rcyppan, to shape, create.) Creator. 
 
 re, reo, J?a*t. the, he, who, which, that. 
 
 recgan. perf. ra?be. to say. 
 
 regen. raegen. f. (recgan.) a saying, tradition, report. 
 
 fen ban. perf. renbe. to send. 
 
 reojzon. seven. 
 
 reoponpealb. sevenfold. 
 
 reopSa. seventh. 
 
 retl. rtol. l.n. a seat, throne. Settle is still preserved 
 in some provincial terms ; as lang-settle. 
 
 pccetung. 3. f. a sigh, groan. 
 
 rinjrull. rynpull. (fyn.) sinful, wicked : as a noun, a sin- 
 ner. 
 
 r ingal. frequent, continual, incessant. 
 
 r mgallice. continually, perpetually. 
 
 ringan. perf. rang, p. p. rungen, to sing. 
 
 fi(5. adv. lately, afterwards. 
 
 ric^San (ri'5 to (5am.) after that, after, afterwards, then, 
 since. 
 
 fix. six. 
 
 rlaege. f lege. 1 • ni. slaying, slaughter, destruction, death. 
 
 fly he. 3. f. slaughter, havoc. 
 
 f ona. soon, fona hpafte. immediately, very soon. 
 
 ro<5. true, sooth. 
 
 roSpa^rcner. -nyr. 3. f. (fob 1 , true, y&yt, fast.) truth, sin- 
 cerity, faith, integrity. 
 
 foShce. (fob 1 .) truly, verily. 
 
 * See Murray's Europ. Lang. vol. i. p. 219. 
 
70 GLOSSARY. 
 
 poftpe. from roS. 
 
 pppecan. (pppsec, speech.) to speak. 
 
 rtanban. perf. ptob. to stand. 
 
 pteppan. ptsappan. to step, advance. 
 
 rti(51ice. (pfcio 1 , hard, severe.) hardly, severely ; compar. 
 ptiShcop. 
 
 ptjia&fc. 3.f. a street. 
 
 ptpec. brave, strong, mighty, powerful. 
 
 rum*, some, some one, something, a certain one. Both 
 as a prefix and postfix, it usually retains its prono- 
 minal character and import, and generally implies a 
 portion of any thing, or a slight degree of diminu- 
 tion, like its offspring, the modern some ; as r umSinj 
 rcoptlice, somewhat briefly ; pmpum, some joy, joyous. 
 
 punbpig. sundry, different, various, frequent. 
 
 ruS. south. 
 
 ppa. so, thus, as. ppa ppa, so as ; r pa hpa ppa, so who so, 
 whosoever ; ppa hpa^t ppa, ivhatsoever ; ppa (5eah, so 
 though ; yet, nevertheless. 
 
 ppeapt. swart, swarthy, blach. 
 
 ppegan. (jpe^, a sound, noise.) to sound, signify, mean. 
 
 ppeltan. to die. The word, beaft, is sometimes added, by 
 pleonasm, for the sake of emphasis. 
 
 ppetnep. -nyp. 3. f. (fpefce, sweet.) sweetness. 
 
 }yox:\iQ. (comp. of ppete.) sweeter. 
 
 ppilc. ppylc. (ppa lie.) such, ppilcum. to such, j p^lce. so, 
 as, as if; eac ppylce. so also. 
 
 * yum, which is manifestly from the Gothic St1MS> appears 
 to have no connection whatever, or, at least, a very remote affinity 
 with the Greek cw/ia, a body, from which Meric Casaubon and 
 others, in their zeal to prove Greek the parent language, wish to 
 derive it. See Casaubon de Ling. Anglo-Sax. 
 
GLOSSARY. 71 
 
 ppincan. to labour, be fatigued with labour*. 
 
 rpmjel. 3. f. (ppinj, same.) stripe, chastisement, affliction. 
 
 ppiSe. ppyfte. very, much, greatly. 
 
 ppopecan. perf. ppopete. to breathe, to sigh. 
 
 ppupb. ppeopb. l.n. a sword. 
 
 pputehce. (p putel, manifest.) manifestly, openly, plainly. 
 
 pylp. self, same, he pylp. he himself, accus. hine pylpne. 
 
 pyllan. perf. pealbe. to give, present, sell. 
 
 rymlle. pimle. ever, always, constantly. 
 
 pyn. 3. f. sin. 
 
 pynbon. pynb. py. from pepan, to be. 
 
 tacen. tacn. 1. n. a token, sign, miracle. 
 
 tsecan. perf. ta&hte. to teach, instruct, direct, show. 
 
 ceap. 1 . m. a tear. 
 
 ceon. rather ceogan. perf. teah. to tug, tow, draw, heave. 
 
 tib. 3. f. tide, time, hour. 
 
 cihtan. perf. cihce. to exhort, persuade, allure, draw. 
 
 cihtmg. exhortation, persuasion. 
 
 tima. 2. m. time. 
 
 co. too. 
 
 tof . to, after, for, as, at, from, in, until. In composition, 
 it sometimes denotes excess, approximation or ad- 
 vance, but is more frequently a mere syllabic aug- 
 ment. 
 
 cobpecan. to break, destroy. 
 
 tocepan. perf. tocsep. to tear, tear in pieces. 
 
 * " what time the labour'd ox 
 
 In his loose traces from the furrow came, 
 And the swinkt hedger at his supper sat." 
 
 Milton's Comus. 
 f to is the Gothic substantive T/Vfll or T jVflllTS 
 act, effect, result, and denotes act, end. Divers, of Purley. 
 
72 GLOSSARY. 
 
 co ]>am. to that, to that degree, so : Co fam ppy'Se, so 
 much> so terribly. Co ]>y. to the end that. 
 
 copepb, -peapb, -peapbe. (co, to, or forward, peop<5an, to 
 be ; or peapb, ward, expressing situation, direction.) 
 as a preposition, toward: as a participle or partici- 
 pial adjective, it denotes futurity, about to be, about 
 to come, futurus-a-um. 
 
 cpahc. an exposition, commentary, cpahc-boc. an expo- 
 sition -book, treatise. 
 
 cpupa. 2. m. faith, confidence. 
 
 cpymnyp. 3. f. (cpum, strong.) stay, support ; exhortation. 
 
 cpa. two. 
 
 cyn. ten. 
 
 un. as a prefix, is always privative. 
 
 unbep. under, among. 
 
 unbeppengan. perf. unbeppeng. ,pres. p. unbepponbe. 
 
 (penman, to take.) to take, undertake, receive, provide. 
 unbepgycan. perf. unbepgeac. (gycan, for gepican, to 
 
 know.) to know, perceive, understand. 
 unbepfteoban. perf. unbepfteobbe. p. p. unbepSeobbe. 
 
 (unbep, and fteoben, a king, ruler ; or 8eob, a nation.) 
 
 to subdue, subject. 
 unpceaftrg. (un, not, pceafta, miscreant, ivretch.) innocent. 
 uncpumnyp. 3. f. (un, not, Cpum, strong, in-firmus.) in- 
 firmity, indisposition. 
 un(5ancpyp<5. (un, not, Sane, thanks, people, worthy.) 
 
 ungrateful, unpleasing. 
 up. (upa, high*.) as a prefix, denotes motion upwards. 
 upapsepan. (up, and apeepian, to rear.) to uprear, raise 
 
 or lift up. 
 uplic. supreme, heavenly. 
 
 * Divers, of Purlev. 
 
GLOSSARY. 73 
 
 upe. our. 
 
 up. from ic. /. 
 
 uton. utun. (Adverbiwn hortandi ; age, agite, agedum.) 
 Let us. It governs the verb following in the infill. 
 mood, as uton pleon, let us flee ; uton gemunan, let 
 us remember ; uton apenban, let us turn. 
 
 pac. weak, vile, mean, humble. 
 
 pacol. (paean, to wake.) wakeful, watchful. JPacolpe. 
 
 The same as Vigilantius in Latin, and Yp-qyopws in 
 
 Greek : the Watchful. 
 pacollice. wakefully, anxiously. 
 paecca. 2. m. a leaking, watching. 
 pgepelr. l.n. (paepan, to cover.) a covering, robe, cloak, 
 
 garment. 
 paeg. peg. 1. m. a way. 
 pae la pa. (pa, woe, la, oh !) woe, oh, woe ! alas, alas ! 
 
 well-a-way % ! 
 paep, pep, paejion. paepe. pepon. peape. from peran. 
 paeptm. 1 . m. fruit. 
 paeptmbaepe. paeptmbepenb. (paeptm, fruit, ba&jian, to 
 
 bear.) fruit-bearing, fruitful. 
 pape. (plur.) wares, merchandize, goods. 
 pe. plural of ic. 
 pealhptob. l.m. (pealh, a foreigner, jxebe, a place, in 
 
 place, instead ; as, in lieu, from Fr. lieu, a place.) 
 
 one in the place of a foreigner, an interpreter. 
 
 * Well-a-day, is pae la fcssj. a For, well-a-day, their elate was 
 fled." Woe worth, r^e people ; vae sit. 
 
 " Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day, 
 That costs thy life, my gallant grey ! " 
 
 Lady of the Lake. 
 
74 GLOSSARY. 
 
 pel. psel. well; sufficiently, very ; in the latter sense it 
 is still retained in such expressions as well nigh. 
 
 peopc. 1 . n. work. 
 
 peopft, or pupomynt. 3. f. (people, worthy, mynt, re- 
 membrance.) honour, reverence, dignity, glory. 
 
 peopftan. perf. peapb ; in the plural peopbon. pupbon. 
 popbon. to he, be made, become. 
 
 pep. 1 . m. a man, husband. The termination ep, pro- 
 bably a contraction of yeji, usually denotes the mas- 
 culine gender, as peopm-ep, a food-man, or farmer*. 
 
 peran. indef. eom. perf. peer, to be. 
 
 pilla. pylla. 2. m. the will. 
 
 pillan. pyllan. perf. polbe. to will, wish. 
 
 pilnian. perf. pilnobe. (pilla, the will.) to will, desire. 
 
 pmrum. pynrum. (yy^joy, delight.) winsome, pleasant, 
 delightful. 
 
 pmtep. 3. m. winter. The northern nations reckoned by 
 winters. 
 
 pip. wise, prudent. 
 
 pita. 2. m. (pitan, to know.) a wise man, a counsellor, 
 prince, noble, pitena-gemot, the assembly of the wise, 
 or Saxon Parliament. 
 
 pitan. indef. and perf. pat. to know, perceive, understand : 
 hence wot. 
 
 pite. 1 . n. punishment, torment, plague, calamity, evil. 
 
 pitega. 2. in. (pitan.) a prophet, wise man. 
 
 pitoblice. (pitan, to know, to wit. Lat. scilicet, i. e. scire 
 licet. Fr. savoir.) for, truly, verily. 
 
 piftepian. indef. piftepige. pres. p. piSepigenbe. (piSep, 
 against, contrary.) to oppose, resist. 
 
 * See Jamieson's Kerm. Scythic. and Bosworth's Anglo-Saxon 
 Grammar. 
 
GLOSSARY. 
 
 75 
 
 pifonnan*. within, 
 
 piftutan*. tvithout. 
 
 plite. 1 . m. splendour, grace, beauty. 
 
 plitij. (plite.) splendid, graceful, beautiful. 
 
 pobnep-baeg. l.m. (J?oben, Woden, a Saxon deity, baej, 
 
 a day.) Wednesday. 
 pop. 1 . m. (pepan, to weep.) weeping, lamentation, cry ; 
 
 hence whoop. 
 popb. 1. n. a word. 
 populb. poplb. 3. f. the world. 
 pojmlblic. worldlike, worldly. 
 ppsecpiS. l.m. (ppaec, exile, fift, a journey.) journey, 
 
 banishment, pilgrimage. 
 ppecan. (ppacu, vengeance.) to wreak, punish, avenge. 
 puce. 2. f. a week. 
 pulbep. -op. l.m. glory, honour. 
 pulboppullice. gloriously, honourably. 
 punbop. 1 . n. a wonder, miracle. 
 punbpian. pres. p. punbpigenbe. to wonder, admire. 
 puman. to dwell, remain, continue. 
 punung. 3. f. a habitation, dwelling. 
 pupbe. pypbe. perf. subjunc. of peopSan. 
 pylm. 1 . m. warmth, heat, anger, ardour, zeal. 
 
 ypel. l.n. evil. 
 ypel. evil, wicked. 
 ylc. ilk, same. 
 
 ylbing. 3. f. (ylbu, age.) delay. 
 ylbpa. from ealb. 
 
 ymb. ymbe. (embef .) about, after, concerning, accord- 
 ing to. In composition, about. 
 
 * See Divers, of Purley. 
 
 t Corresponding to the Greek a/x0t. See Jamieson. 
 
76 GLOSSARY. 
 
 ymberppaec. 3. f. (ymbe, about, rppaec, speech?) dis- 
 course, conversation, observation, opinion, 
 
 ypjrnumma. 2. m. (yppe, inheritance, mman, to take.) 
 an heir. 
 
 yppe. 1 . m. ire, anger. 
 
 yte. comp. ytepe. yttpa. (ut, out.) outward, external. 
 
 8a. from re. also, this, that, these or those, they, who, 
 
 whom. 8a 8e. that who, that which. 8a gyt. then yet, 
 
 yet, moreover. 
 8a. (adv.) <$e^, when, as, tvhilst, until, 
 ft&yi. there. 
 
 8s&pto. thereto, in addition to this. 
 8ser. ybr tfAafs, therefore, after. 8ser 8e. because that, from 
 
 the time, after; ex quo, postquam. rona hpa8e 8ser 
 
 8e. as soon as possible. 
 8s&rlice. (8ser, o/* $*s ? hc ? like.) in the same manner, 
 
 this-like. 
 8aet. see re. 
 8s&t. (conjunct.*) that 
 8 an, same as 8am, from re. eep J?an or J?am J?e, ere rt«^ 
 
 that, before that. 
 8ancian. perf. 8ancobe. to thank. 
 8anon. (on 8am.) in that, from thence, thence, whence. 
 8e. (for re.) the, who, which, that. 
 8e. from 8u. 
 8e. that, or. hpaa8ep — ]?e : whether — or. 8e r pa 8eah, 
 
 that though thus, nevertheless. 
 8eah. though, although, if yet, still. 
 tpeapp. 3. f. need, necessity. 
 
 * See Divers, of Purley, vol. i. pp. 84 and 274. 
 
 t \ had a hard sound, as in >inj, and ft a softer sound, as in 
 
GLOSSARY. 77 
 
 p eapp. poor, needy, destitute. 
 
 peappan. to need, be in need, require, consider neces- 
 sary. 
 
 peap. 1 . m. custom, rite, institution, law ; plur. manners, 
 morals. 
 
 penian. perf. penobe. (pegen. a thane, servant.) to serve, 
 minister, wait upon, administer. 
 
 peob. 3. f. a nation, province, people. 
 
 peon. perf. peah. pres. p. peonbe. to grow up, increase* 
 thrive, advance, succeed. 
 
 peop. 1 . m. a servant. 
 
 peopbom. Lm. (peop, and bom, state, condition.) ser- 
 vice. 
 
 peopian. perf. peopobe. p. pres. peopigenbe. (peop.) to 
 serve. 
 
 Sep, Seop, Sir. this. 
 
 Si. Sy. used for all cases of the article and pronoun, but 
 principally for Sam. pop pi, for this, for this cause, 
 wherefore, idcirco. to pi, to the end that. 
 
 pibep. thither. 
 
 Sin, Sine, Sin. (Su, thou.) thy, thine. 
 
 ping. 1. n. a thing, work, goods. 
 
 polian. perf. polobe. infin. polijenne. to suffer, bear, en- 
 dure. 
 
 Son. for Sam. Son ma. the more so. 
 
 Sonne, then, when, than. 
 
 poppan. perf. Sopjzte. same as Seapjran. 
 
 ppeo. three. 
 
 ppitcrgoSe. (ppy, three, whence ppittig, thirty.) thirtieth. 
 
 ppohtu. 3. f. the throat. 
 
 ofteji; but the distinction was frequently disregarded by Anglo- 
 Saxon writers. See Rask and Bosworth. 
 
78 GLOSSARY. 
 
 ppopian. perf. ppopobe. to suffer. 
 
 ]>popimg. 3. f. suffering, passion. 
 
 Su. thou. 
 
 Jnrph*. thorough, through, by, by means of, on account 
 
 of- 
 
 Jmphpuman. perf. puphpimobe. (punian, to dwell, re- 
 main?) to continue, remain, persevere. 
 
 Jmprtig. (pujiyt, thirst.) thirsty. 
 
 6 up. thus. 
 
 ppypnyp. 3. f. (}>peop ? crooked, perverse.) perverseness, 
 depravity. 
 
 fyrtpu. (plur.) l.n. darkness. 
 
 * Home Tooke shows, almost incontrovertibly, that ]?unh is from 
 the Gothic dL/VflJCS' or ^ e teutonic substantive, Thuruh, 
 and means a door, gate, passage. Divers, of Purley, vol. i. ch. 9. 
 p. 334. Junius appears inclined to a similar etymon. See Etymol. 
 Anglic, under Through. 
 
 THE END. 
 
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