,* THE PILGRIMAGE 
 
 TO JAMESTOWN, VA. 
 OCTOBER 15. 1898 <* 
 
 
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 PRESENTED BY 
 
THE TOWER, 
 
THE PILGRIMAGE TO 
 JAMESTOWN, VA. 
 
 OF THE 
 
 BISHOPS AND DEPUTIES 
 
 OF THE GENERAL CONVENTION OF THE 
 PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN 
 * THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 
 SATURDAY, OCTOBER 15, 1898 
 
 » 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 PRINTED AT THE DE VINNE PRESS 
 
 M DCCC XC VIII 
 
■Tflt 
 
 Gift 
 2IJ 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 8ATURDAY, the fifteenth of October, will be a marked day in the 
 annals of the General Convention of 1898, with the pleasant mem- 
 ories of its pilgrimage to the site of the first church built on this 
 continent, at Jamestown, Va. The visit was the result of the wise 
 and timely suggestion of the Right Rev. Dr. Nichols, Bishop of California. 
 The practical wisdom and large-hearted generosity of the Churchmen's 
 League of Washington, aided by the Association for the Preservation of 
 Virginia Antiquities, with the gracious services of the ladies of Richmond 
 and Norfolk, rendered the suggestion of the bishop an accomplished fact. 
 
 The party was taken from Washington by rail to Richmond on the after- 
 noon of Friday, entertained at the Jefferson Hotel with the well-known 
 Southern hospitality, and the following morning carried down the river to 
 Jamestown by one of the largest steamboats which navigate the James 
 River. Every mile of the journey from Washington to Jamestown was 
 through localities fraught with historical interest to the pilgrims, whether 
 they came from the North or the South. 
 
 The weather was all that could be desired, with the wonderfully soft 
 atmosphere of the Indian summer for which this country is noted. As the 
 party proceeded down the river, the historical sites made memorable by the 
 late war, with the old baronial halls, such as Shirley, Westover, the Bran- 
 dons, and Wyanoke, were passed in rapid succession. Shortly after a col- 
 lation served by the ladies with typical Virginia hospitality, the party was 
 landed on James Island, and in reverent procession wended its way under 
 the spreading oaks to the ivy-clad tower which marks the site of the ancient 
 church. On a platform which had been erected facing the entrance to 
 the tower, for the bishops and leading members of the Convention, were 
 held simple and dignified services followed by addresses, in accordance with 
 the published programme. It would be invidious to compare the different 
 addresses, from the address of welcome by the Bishop of Southern Virginia 
 
 3 
 
4 PREFACE 
 
 to the closing one of the Bishop of California. All of them, it may be truly 
 said, were worthy of the occasion and left a deep impression upon the large 
 audience which was assembled. 
 
 After the services the pilgrims examined the old communion service — now 
 preserved in Bruton Parish, Williamsburg — which was sent out for the use 
 of the church at Jamestown more than two hundred years ago, and lingered 
 as long as the time allowed among the tombstones of the ancient church- 
 yard, as though they felt the spell of the sacred spot. And as they wend 
 back to the landing under the clear and cloudless sky, surrounded by the 
 rich tints of October's glorified field and forest, the scenes of long ago 
 are recalled to their mental vision. 
 
 On their way up the river, the pilgrims assembled in the saloon of the 
 steamer, and gave expression to their enjoyment of the occasion by resolving 
 to form a permanent Society of Pilgrims, thanking the Churchmen's League, 
 the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, and the ladies 
 of Richmond and Norfolk for the generous hospitality of the occasion, and 
 appointing a committee to publish the report of the pilgrimage. 
 
 All too soon they found themselves landed in Richmond and on their way 
 again to Washington; and so ended this excursion, as one has described it, 
 " begun in clouds, and ended in the ' wee hours ' of the morning, but passed 
 in sunshine, of which every moment was enjoyed, and of which every recol- 
 lection is a profit and pleasure." 
 
 Eugene A. Hoffman, \ 
 
 John S. Lindsay, > Committee. 
 
 Silas McBee, ) 
 
ADDRESS OF WELCOME. 
 
 BY ALFRED M. RANDOLPH, D. D., LL.D., 
 
 Bishop of Southern Virginia.^ 
 
 CHE grateful duty assigned to me, at this service of so much sig- 
 nificance, is to say the word of welcome to the representatives of 
 the General Convention who have traveled almost two hundred 
 miles to this the oldest home of our forefathers and of our Church 
 in America. In speaking for the Churchmen's League of Washington, who 
 for weeks past have been engaged in providing for the arrangements neces- 
 sary for the pilgrimage, I am sure they are gratified and rewarded by the 
 exception made by the Convention in responding to their invitation for so 
 long a journey, and in the sympathy of that great body of Churchmen for 
 the feelings and sentiments which originated the idea and carried it into 
 execution. 
 
 It is hardly necessary that I should say for the Association for the Pres- 
 ervation of Virginia Antiquities, who are the owners of this historic spot, 
 for our Church people in Richmond and in Norfolk who have received and 
 entertained us, and for myself, that our little part has been done with loving 
 reverence for the Church, and for the great body that governs it. Your 
 presence here will help to teach us that lesson which states and nations 
 need to learn with each new generation — to cherish our past for the sake of 
 our future. It should revive in our hearts and our intelligence a quickened 
 sense of the obligation and of the philosophy, of the wisdom and the blessing, 
 of the divine command, " Thou shalt remember all the way which the Lord 
 thy God led thee these forty years " — these three hundred years — "in the 
 wilderness, to humble and to prove thee, to know what was in thine heart, 
 whether thou wouldest keep his commandments, or no." 
 
 5 
 
6 THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 
 
 You will listen again to the story, briefly told, of the planting of the 
 germs of our political life, and the planting of the Church of England, bear- 
 ing in it the seeds of a pure and primitive Christianity, upon this spot where 
 we stand. 
 
 It is an easy effort of the historic imagination to understand that ideas of 
 government, of law and of liberty, which had been growing in the thoughts 
 of the men of our mother-country centuries before our forefathers crossed 
 the sea, should feel the breath of the free air the moment their feet touched 
 this shore. They were thousands of miles away, with the mysterious vast- 
 ness of the ocean between them and the absolutisms, the autocracies, the 
 weights, the fixed traditions and forms of the Old World they had left behind 
 them. The conviction at once would dawn upon them that God had led 
 them out here into the wilderness that they might think for themselves, and 
 that the ideas of justice which His providential hand had planted in them 
 might, after long delay, come to the birth. That is the philosophy, as you 
 will see from the story, of the movement of political ideas from the day our 
 forefathers landed at Jamestown, to the formation of our State and Federal 
 Constitutions, and our glorious achievement of our national independence. 
 
 You will be told of the missionary fervor of members of the Church of 
 England who organized the migration and established the colony' planted 
 here. You will be reminded, not from histories manufactured out of the 
 brain of the historian, or in the atmosphere of prejudice and passion which 
 is the bane of history, but from the records, many of them recently come to 
 light, of the feeling and the motives of the men who did the work and 
 braved the danger and planted the cross upon this spot. 
 
 A moment more and I gladly give place to others, representatives of our 
 Church from the North and the East, from the South and the West, who 
 have consented to speak to us and whom we love to hear. 
 
 We represent the Protestant Episcopal Church of America, coming to 
 lay our tribute of reverence upon the spot where she prayed her first prayer, 
 preached her first sermon, and knelt at her first Communion on the shores 
 of this heathen continent. 
 
 As that Church was then, so it is to-day, I trust, in the great ideas for 
 which it stands, and in the conception which has given it its form, and in 
 the spirit of Christ which has animated its life. 
 
 It was a Church in which dwelt the spirit of tolerance and of sweet 
 reasonableness as it looked out upon the world, and of humility as it looked 
 back upon itself. How could it be otherwise when the prayers and the 
 litanies taught to its children yearn for the salvation of all mankind, and 
 appeal to Christ for a blessing upon all who profess and call themselves 
 
THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 7 
 
 Christians ? The pilgrims at Jamestown, during the first days of their 
 worship, brought the wondering Indians to worship with them. The 
 Church then, and on through the struggles and vituperations of the colonial 
 times, never returned railing for railing. When it was clothed, by its con- 
 nection with the State, with magisterial powers, it never said to the dis- 
 senter, "You are a heretic, and we will drive you out"; but it did say: 
 " You must obey the law ; and the fanaticism which, under the garb of 
 religion, sows the seeds of political dissension, is not a subject for religious 
 tolerance, but it is a political crime to be punished for the protection of 
 society, and because it deserves to be punished." It is a Church that held 
 then, as it holds to-day, that the law of conduct, and not emotional ardor 
 or dogmatic zeal, is one of the great powers of religion for the building up 
 of human life and civilization. It is a Church which believes that religion 
 is a transforming power which binds us to the practice of righteousness, 
 and kindles in us a passion for goodness, and holds us to strive after it by 
 the mercy of God and by the help of His Spirit. Its conception of the 
 Church as an organism for the extension of the kingdom of God in a fallen 
 world is that of a living edifice planted upon the foundation : " Let every 
 one that nameth the name of Christ depart from iniquity." With that 
 principle animating its faith, and living the life of faith, it could not but 
 grow, and denying that principle is equivalent to a denial of the very 
 essence of Christianity. It is to-day, it was then, tolerant of opinions, be- 
 cause opinions, and speculations built up upon the facts of Christianity and 
 proposed as inferences from those facts, are not of the essence of Christian- 
 ity, but are variable as the human mind is many-sided; but the facts of 
 Christianity and the law of conduct as expressed in the principle, " Let 
 every one that nameth the name of Christ depart from iniquity," are, in the 
 final analysis, the essential elements of the gospel of salvation for a church 
 to hold, and to stand upon, and to witness to the world. Therefore this 
 Church is an educating, a training, a nurturing church — a church that 
 has in its heart the conception of its duty and its mission to translate Christ 
 into the lives of its children. 
 
 Again, it believed then, as it believes to-day, in the power of beauty un- 
 der the Spirit of God for building up the religious life of men, for opening 
 the eyes of men to a fairer vision of the truth, for bringing heaven nearer to 
 the earth. 
 
 The pilgrims who landed here made their places of worship as lovely as 
 they could with innocent adornment, reminding us of the instinct of beauty 
 connecting itself with religious reverence, and seeking expression in ideal 
 forms of religious truth. 
 
8 THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 
 
 This Church claims its inheritance in all that is pure and beautiful and 
 true in the work of the ages that are past. Its feeling of beauty is a sense 
 of the fitness of things, of reverence, of strength, of reasonableness, of the 
 correspondence of the Christian revelation with the laws of the human 
 mind and the instincts of the human heart. The Church is a great im- 
 personal artist, teaching great ideas of what is beautiful in form, gracious 
 in manners and unselfish in conduct, and lifting mankind, with each gen- 
 eration, to a higher plane of living, to a higher standard of duty and to 
 a wider application of the law of Christ's love to God and to man over 
 all the provinces of human life. 
 
 It cherishes its forms of worship in the beauty of holiness and in the 
 truth of the Gospel. It cherishes its Orders and its Polity, not as idols to 
 be worshipped, but as a heritage to be transmitted in their purity to the 
 unborn generations of men. 
 
 Blessed gift of God! Dear brethren, — Bishops, Clergymen, and Lay- 
 men, — welcome to this spot, where the worship of this Church, and the 
 administration of the Sacraments, and the preaching of the Word were first 
 established on this continent ! 
 
HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 
 
 By The Rev. RANDOLPH HARRISON McKIM, D. D., 
 
 Rector of Epiphany Church, Washington, D. C. 
 
 RIGHT Reverend Fathers and Brethren: 
 We come as pilgrims to-day to a sacred shrine. This desert 
 ^ spot, with naught to mark it save yon ruined, ivy-clad tower and 
 those moss-covered tombstones, is, or ought to be, to every 
 Christian, and to every American, "holy ground." For on this spot, two 
 hundred and ninety-one years ago, was planted, by the right hand of the 
 Lord our God, a vine of civilization and liberty and religion, which has 
 spread over this whole land. If you seek the beginnings of Anglo-Saxon 
 dominion on this western continent, they are here. If you would find the 
 seed-plot of representative free government in America, it is here. If you 
 would discover the earliest spring and source of American Christianity, it is 
 here. 
 
 But to us Churchmen this desert spot is consecrated by yet another con- 
 sideration and association — because it was the cradle of that American 
 Church which is the daughter of the Anglo-Saxon Church and the mother 
 of us all who have come hither as pilgrims this day. 
 
 This is not (I need scarcely remind you) the first spot where the English 
 prayer-book was used on the continent of North America. For that we 
 must look, strangely enough, to the Pacific coast, to the bay where the 
 daring and heroic Drake thrust in his ship and bade his hardy sea-dogs to 
 prayer and praise. Nor does yonder venerable tower mark the place where 
 the earliest attempt was made to plant an English colony and the English 
 church. Roanoke Island claims that distinction. 
 
io THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 
 
 But here was established the first permanent English settlement in America. 
 Here first Anglo-Saxon civilization took root in the soil of the New World. 
 Here first the Anglo-Saxon Church was firmly planted in this western hemi- 
 sphere. That picturesque ruin, my fathers and brethren, is our American 
 Glastonbury Abbey. Simple and unpretending it is, poor and mean by 
 comparison with the ancient British pile to which I have compared it. But 
 its story is one of heroic faith and constancy, in the face of great difficulties 
 and great perils, and we do well to approach it to-day with reverent hearts 
 and unsandaled foot. 
 
 In undertaking the task of giving a slight historic sketch of the James- 
 town church and colony, we are impressed in limine with the fact that the 
 motive that led to the establishment of the colony had a very 
 
 _, ,. . e distinct religious element. The language of the several royal 
 Religious ° ° 3 
 
 Impulse charters (1606, 1609, 1611), the character of most of the leaders, 
 
 the customs observed in the colony, all bear witness to the fact 
 
 that this enterprise had a missionary impulse and a clear C hristian complexion. 
 
 One of the four men to whom King James granted the first of these charters 
 (April 10, 1 606) was the Rev. Richard Hackluyt, then a prebendary of 
 Westminster, and the colonists were directed therein to " use all diligence 
 . . . that the true word and service of God and Christian faith be preached, 
 planted and used." 1 In the second charter (May 23, 1609) we find the 
 names of James Montague, the Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells, and seven 
 other clergymen. 2 In the third charter (March 12, 161 1) occur the names 
 of the Archbishop of Canterbury and three other bishops, besides the Dean 
 of Westminster and seven other clergymen. 3 
 
 Thus the prelates and other dignitaries of the Church of England were 
 the patrons and friends of this colonial enterprise. Not only so. The pul- 
 pits of the Church of England, from time to time during those early years, 
 resounded with appeals on behalf of the Jamestown settlement. Unques- 
 tionably the voice of the English clergy had a potent influence in rousing 
 and maintaining interest in the colony and saving it from destruction. Thus, 
 on February 21, 1609, the Rev. William Crashaw, preacher at the Temple, 
 London, preached before Lord de la Warre, governor of Virginia, at the 
 very crisis of the history of the colony. In the course of his sermon he 
 said : " To you, right honorable and beloved, who engage your lives . . . 
 in this business, who make the greatest ventures and bear the greatest bur- 
 dens ; who leave your ease and pleasant homes and commit yourselves to 
 
 1 1 Henning's Statutes at Large, pp. 58, 69. 
 
 2 Brown's "Genesis of America," pp. 206-237. 
 
 3 Brown's " Genesis," pp. 540-553. 
 
THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE n 
 
 the seas and winds for the good of the enterprise ; you that desire to ad- 
 vance the Gospel of Jesus Christ, though it be with the hazard of your lives, 
 go forward in the name of the God of heaven and earth, the God that keep- 
 eth covenant and mercies for thousands; goe on with the blessings of God, 
 God's angels and God's Church ; cast away fear and let nothing daunt your 
 spirits . . . remembering what you goe to doe, even to display the ban- 
 ner of Jesus Christ, to fight with the devil, and the old dragon, having 
 Michael and the angels on your side ; to eternize your own names, both 
 heere at home and amongst the Virginians, whose apostles you are, and to 
 make yourselves most happy men, whether you live or die; if you live, by 
 effecting so glorious a work; if you die, by dying as martyrs or confessors 
 of God's religion. " 1 
 
 Of the clergy who served the infant colony a word or two must be said : 
 The first was the Rev. Robert Hunt, whose name ought to be remem- 
 bered for all time as a true hero and soldier of the cross. Captain John 
 
 Smith describes him as an " honest, religious, courteous divine, 
 The 
 
 during whose life our factions were oft qualified, our wants and 
 
 CI extremities so comforted that they seemed easy in comparison 
 
 of what we endured after his memorable death." 2 He was not 
 
 only an exemplary minister of Christ and the Church, but a man of great 
 
 force of character, whose influence was most potent for good both on the 
 
 long voyage of almost five months, and in the first years of the settlement. 
 
 His successor was the Rev. Richard Buck, a graduate of Oxford, sent out 
 by the Bishop of London, and commended by Crashaw as " an able and 
 faithful preacher." He came out with Yates. 
 
 Other ministers of the colony whose names have come down to us were 
 Poole, Glover, Alexander Whitaker, and William Wickham. Crashaw 
 describes Mr. Glover as " an approved Preacher in Bedford and Hunting- 
 donshire, a graduate of Cambridge, reverenced and respected, in easy cir- 
 cumstances, and already somewhat advanced in years." 3 
 
 Speaking of the others, Crashaw says: "The God of heaven found us out 
 and made us readie to our hands, able and fit men for the ministerial function 
 in this Plantation; all of them graduates, allowed preachers, single men 
 . . . every way fitted for that worke . . . such men as wanted nither living 
 nor libertie of preaching at home. . . . In the infancy ot this Plantation, to 
 put their lives in their hands, and, under the assurance of so many dangers 
 and difficulties, to devote themselves unto it, was certainly a holy and heroi- 
 
 1 Brown's " Genesis," pp. 369, 370. 
 
 2 Arber's "Works of Captain John Smith," p. 958. 
 3 Anderson's "Colonial Church," Vol. I, p. 276. 
 
12 THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 
 
 call resolution; and proceeded undoubtedly from the blessed Spirit of Jesus 
 Christ, who, for this cause, appeared that He might dissolve the works of 
 the divell." i 
 
 Among these early pioneers of the church the name of the Rev. Alexan- 
 der Whitaker shines conspicuous. He came with Sir Thomas Dale, landing 
 here May, 1611, and continued to serve the colony with unflagging zeal 
 and conspicuous ability until the year 161 7, when he was drowned in the 
 James River. He was the son of the renowned Dr. Whitaker, Regius Pro- 
 fessor of Divinity at Cambridge, and author of the Lambeth Articles, " a 
 master of arts of five or six years' standing in Cambridge"; "competently 
 provided for, and liked and beloved where he lived, not in want, but (for a 
 scholar and as the days be) rich in possession, and more in possibilitie." 
 Yet he " did voluntarily leave his warm nest, and to the wonder of his kin- 
 dred and the amazement of them that knew him, undertook this hard, but 
 . . . heroicall resolution to go to Virginia and help to beare the name of 
 God to the Gentiles." 2 
 
 And now, fathers and brethren, let us see how the religious impulse 
 which was so conspicuous in the genesis of this colony found expression. 
 
 It was the 13th or 14th of May, 1607, when, after a long and arduous 
 voyage of nearly five months, the three little vessels, the Susan Constant, 
 
 the Godspeed, and the Discovery, under the command of Raleigh's 
 
 e stout old sea-captain, Christopher Newport, came to anchor in 
 
 Service yonder noble river. What was the first act of the weather-beaten 
 
 colonists upon landing on the soil of the New World ? It was to 
 worship Almighty God according to the rites of the Church of England. 
 There was, of course, no church in which to hold their services, but they 
 hung " an old saile " to three or four trees to " shadow them from the sun," 
 and there they gathered, one hundred and five souls all told, and gave thanks 
 to God for their escape from the perils of their weary voyage, the Rev. Robert 
 Hunt conducting the service. That was the first Protestant church on Ameri- 
 can soil. Its " walls were rales of wood " ; its seats " unhewed trees " ; its 
 " pulpit a bar of wood nailed to two neighboring trees." A rude church, 
 indeed ; but, as we see it now, no cathedral could be more glorious, for it 
 sheltered beneath that old torn sail the cradle of Anglo-Saxon dominion, 
 and of Anglo-Saxon faith and polity on this western hemisphere. 
 
 But I hasten to recall another historic scene — the first celebration of the 
 Holy Communion in the infant colony, the first, also, on the shores of the New 
 World according to the rites of the Church of England. It took place on 
 
 1 Anderson's " Colonial Church," Vol. I, p. 293. 
 
 2 Brown's " Genesis," p. 614. 
 
THE COMMUNION SERVICE 
 
 USED IN THE OLD CHURCH AT JAMESTOWN 
 ERECTED ABOUT 1612. 
 
THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 13 
 
 the 21st of June, 1607, five weeks after the landing of the colonists, and the 
 day after Captain John Smith had been, through the persevering efforts of the 
 Rev. Robert Hunt, admitted to the council. That day and this spot will be 
 forever hallowed in the annals of our American church. No words of 
 mine can add to the impression of the simple statement that here first 
 Christian men knelt to partake of the blessed sacrament of Christ's Body 
 and Blood ; here first the primitive and glorious office of the Holy Com- 
 munion was heard ; here, in the untamed wilderness ; here, where English- 
 men first set up their habitations ; here, in the face of so many perils and 
 difficulties ; here, where only twenty-six days before the Indian savages had 
 made a murderous assault on the infant colony. It was not long before 
 the church of the torn sail was replaced by a structure which Smith thus 
 describes : " A homely thing like a barn, set upon crotchets, covered 
 with rafts, sedge and earth," of such workmanship " as could neither well 
 defend from wind nor raine." In this rude but sacred building, created 
 by Captain Smith, it was the rule to have " daily common prayer morn- 
 ing and evening, every Sunday two sermons, and every three months the 
 Holy Communion," during the lifetime of the Rev. Robert Hunt. Such 
 was the standard of Virginia churchmanship in 1 607-1 609. 
 
 In 16 10, by command of Lord Delaware, the church was repaired, and 
 is thus described by an old chronicler : " It is in length threescore foote, 
 in breadth twenty-foure, and shall have a Chancell in it of Cedar, and a 
 Communion Table of Blake Walnut ; and all the Pews in it of Cedar . . . 
 a Pulpit of the same, with a Font hewen hollow, like a Canoa, with two 
 Bels at the West End. . . . The Captain-Generall doth cause it to be kept 
 passing sweete, and trimmed up with divers flowers, with a Sexton- belong- 
 ing to it ; and in it every Sunday wee have Sermons twice a day, and every 
 Thursday a Sermon . . . and every morning at the ringing of a bell about 
 ten of the clocke each man addresseth himselfe to prayers, and so at foure 
 of the clocke before supper. Every Sunday when the Lord Governor and 
 Captaine Generall goeth to church, hee is accompanied with all the Coun- 
 sellars and other Officers; and all the Gentlemen, with a guard of Holber- 
 diers, in his Lordship's Livery, faire red clokes, to the number of fifty, both 
 on each side and behinde him ; and being in the church his Lordship hath 
 his seate in the Quier, in a green velvet chaire, with a cloath, with a velvet 
 cushion spread on a table before him on which he kneeleth, and on each 
 side sit the Counsell, Captaines, and Officers, each in their place." * 
 
 Such was the ritual and the rule of divine service in Virginia in 1 6 1 o. It sets 
 before us a picture hardly in keeping with the representations of certain writ- 
 ers, who portray those early colonists as a profane, profligate, and godless set. 
 1 Anderson's "Colonial Church," Vol. I, p. 266. 
 
i 4 THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 
 
 Under Sir Thomas Dale (1614), whom the Rev. Alexander Whitaker de- 
 scribes as " our religious and valiant Governor," the order of service was 
 somewhat changed. " Every Sabbath day we preach in the forenoon and 
 catechise in the afternoon. Every Saturday, at night, I exercise in Sir 
 Thomas Dale's house, our church affairs being consulted on by the minister 
 and four of the most religious men." (There is the germ of lay representa- 
 tion in things ecclesiastical.) " Once every month we have a communion, 
 and once every year a solemn fast." 1 
 
 It is quite in keeping with this religious tone and custom, which was thus 
 early stamped on the colony here, that we find the following record pre- 
 served of the landing of Lord Delaware, June 10, 1610 : " Before he showed 
 any token, or performed any act of authority, he fell upon his knees, and in 
 the presence of all the people, made a long and silent prayer to himselt, 
 after which he rose, and marching in procession to the town, passed on into 
 the church, where he heard a sermon." 2 
 
 In 161 1 we find the habits of the colony thus described: "They worked 
 from 6 o'clock in the morning until 10, and from 2 in the afternoon until 4; 
 at both which times they are provided of spirituall and corporal reliefe. 
 First, they enter the church and make their praires unto God ; next, they 
 return to their houses and receive their proportion of food." Again, when 
 Sir Thomas Dale, High Marshal of Virginia, landed at Old Point the 12th 
 of May, 161 1, he states that "being Sunday in the afternoon" when he 
 landed, he " first repaired to the church," where Mr. Poole gave a sermon. 
 In another place we read that they took their captive Indians to morning 
 and evening prayers. 3 
 
 Of the story of the trials and sufferings and vicissitudes of the colony it is 
 
 difficult to speak in the brief time at my disposal. It is truly an Iliad of 
 
 woes that those early chronicles contain, and the pen of a Virgil 
 
 ^ ne or a Homer would be needed to do it justice. Certain it is that 
 
 * r / men have never stood in greater need of the support and con- 
 Tri3.1s 
 
 solation of the Christian faith than did the colonists of James- 
 town during the first quarter of a century after their landing. 
 
 The very next day after they landed they began to build their fort on 
 what is now an island, but was then a peninsula connected with the main- 
 land by a narrow stretch of sand. They chose it for the double advantage 
 of anchorage and defense, not only or chiefly against the Indians, but 
 against the dreaded power of Spain. 
 
 1 Letter of Rev. Alexander Whitaker, June 18, 1614. 
 
 2 Anderson's "Colonial Church," Vol. I, p. 264. 
 
 3 Quoted by R. S. Thomas, historiographer of Southern Virginia. 
 
THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 15 
 
 Within two weeks after their landing the savages made a murderous 
 attack upon them in the absence of Captain Smith. The same summer a 
 terrible scourge of sickness decimated their ranks to such a point that " the 
 living wear scarce able to bury the dead." The following January every house 
 but three in the plantation was destroyed by fire. The same month Newport 
 arrived from England with succor and with a second supply of colonists. 
 
 By the shrewd sense and masterful will of Smith the colony was saved 
 from destruction, but after his departure in the autumn of 1609 disaster again 
 overtook it. The " starving time " fell upon them like a relentless fate, and 
 of the five hundred souls whom Smith left behind him in October, 1609, 
 by the following May, 1610, only sixty miserable wretches, men, women, and 
 children, survived, and they had eaten the very skins of their horses and 
 finally had resorted to cannibalism. They were " scarcely able to totter 
 about the ruined village," and "the gleam of madness was in their eyes." 1 
 So in June it was resolved to abandon the colony. Those three brave cap- 
 tains, Gates and Somers and Newport, consulted together, " and decided 
 with tears in their eyes that Virginia must be abandoned." " On Thurs- 
 day, 7th June, 1610, to the funereal roll of drums, the cabins were stripped 
 of such things as could be carried away, and the doleful company went 
 aboard the pinnaces, weighed anchor, and started down the river." But 
 Heaven had decreed otherwise. Lord Delaware, with his little fleet of well- 
 stocked ships, arrived in the nick of time, and Virginia was saved. 
 
 Such were some of the vicissitudes and suffering which the infant colony 
 experienced during the first sixteen years, from 1607 to 1623. It has been 
 reckoned that during that period no less than six thousand colonists landed 
 here, and that at the close of it only about twelve hundred and seventy-five 
 survived. These figures tell a terrible story of hardship, suffering, and death. 
 
 Something more ought to be said here of Captain John Smith. The history 
 of the planting of an English nation on these shores is indissolubly con- 
 nected with his name, because it was his indomitable energy, 
 Captain courage, and practical ability that saved the colony from dis- 
 Smith. solution in the first years of its existence. It has been the 
 fashion to sneer at Smith as a vaporing braggart, but the careful 
 and candid historians are finding out that he was truly a remarkable man, a 
 real maker of history, whose deeds mark him as a man of "heroic mould." 
 Mr. John Fiske has given the world a complete vindication both of his 
 ability and his illustrious services. He describes him as a man of great 
 force and incisiveness of character, of dignity and purity, " a staunch Puri- 
 tan in morals, though not in doctrine." 
 
 1 Fiske's " Old Virginia and her Neighbors," Vol. I, p. 154. 
 
1 6 THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 
 
 New Englanders may be reminded that it was he who first explored their 
 coast in 1614, and changed the name of that part of the country from 
 North Virginia to New England. 
 
 You will expect some reference to the church whose ruined tower is before 
 us. There is good reason to conclude that the first brick church was erected 
 here on the sites of Smith's and Lord Delaware's churches in 1638-40, and 
 that, though it may have been damaged by fire in Bacon's Rebellion, it was 
 not destroyed, and that the present ruins are those of that first brick church, 
 and that, after being repaired, that church continued in use at least until 
 1733. 1 But of this there can be no doubt: upon yonder spot stood the 
 church in which Pocahontas, the Indian princess, daughter of the great 
 King Powhatan, was baptized, under the scriptural name of Rebekah, in the 
 year 16 14. There also she was married to John Rolfe, a highly reputable 
 English gentleman. From this union sprang many men who have held 
 honorable place and distinction in the history of the Old Dominion. 
 
 This Indian maiden had been the good angel of the colony, exhibiting 
 both courage and tact and resource in succoring the distressed adventurers. 
 Her visit to England, the distinguished reception accorded her there, her 
 dignified, modest, and womanly bearing, her pathetic death at Gravesend 
 in 1 61 7, on the eve of embarking with her husband and son for America, 
 are well known. 2 I may remark that it is in connection with her remarka- 
 ble history that Mr. Fiske makes the following caustic observation : " Skep- 
 ticism, which is commonly supposed to indicate superior sagacity, is quite 
 as likely to result from imperfect understanding." Needless to add, that 
 able historian holds firmly to the historicity of the Pocahontas legend. 
 Anderson says she was " graciously received by King James and his Queen, 
 and that she carried herself as the daughter of a King." 3 
 
 And now, Right Reverend Fathers and Brethren, I end, as I began, by 
 invoking your reverence for the sacred spot on which you stand. It is the 
 ultimate source of that mighty river of English civilization and 
 A Sacred English liberty which, like the waters of the Nile, has fertilized 
 Shrine. this continent of America these nearly three hundred years. It 
 is not, indeed, a Victoria Nyanza that we find here as the begin- 
 ning of that great stream of influence. Rather it is a very small and turbid 
 rill, contemptible in proportions, giving no promise of a great destiny. A 
 forlorn little company it was that landed here. But it was the beginning 
 
 1 See this question ably discussed by Mr. W. W. Old of Norfolk, Va. 
 2 See Anderson's "Colonial History," Vol. I, pp. 295-300. 
 3 Anderson's '* Colonial History," Vol. I, p. 299. 
 
THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 17 
 
 of a mighty nation. Here on the edge of the unbroken and unexplored 
 wilderness they builded their cabins. Here they toiled and battled and 
 starved that in after years there might be an English-speaking people dom- 
 inant in the western hemisphere — that English, not Spanish or French, 
 civilization might take root and overspread the land — that here the free 
 spirit of English liberty might at length be supreme in America. 
 
 Let it never be forgotten that it was here, within the walls of the church 
 which stood on the spot where yon ruined tower rises before us, that the first 
 legislative body of Englishmen was assembled on American soil, to delib- 
 erate for the welfare of the people, on the 30th of July, 16 19, eighteen 
 months before the Pilgrim Fathers landed in Plymouth Bay. 
 
 But there are two other events that consecrate this spot as a sacred shrine 
 of liberty. It was here that, when Cromwell's fleet appeared to whip the 
 rebellious Old Dominion into obedience, Richard Lee and Sir William 
 Berkeley demanded and obtained, as a condition of the submission of the 
 colony to the iron dictator, the acknowledgment of Virginia as an inde- 
 pendent dominion and the recognition of the principle of no taxation with- 
 out representation; and this more than a century before the Revolution. 
 Here, also, in 1676, just one hundred years before the revolt of the colonies, 
 that remarkable man, Nathaniel Bacon, " soldier, orator, leader," raised the 
 standard of rebellion against the oppressions of the British crown. Yes, 
 when the aggregate population of the colony did not exceed 40,000 souls, 
 Bacon and his followers actually defied the whole power of Great Britain. 
 But this is not all. Let me ask you to reflect, fathers and brethren, upon 
 the significance of the fact that we stand to-day upon the spot whence 
 sprang that stream of genius and power which rose to the surface in this 
 region of Tidewater Virginia in the Revolutionary period. That limited 
 area of Virginia soil embraced within the arms of the Potomac, the Rappa- 
 hannock, the York, and the James River was then prolific in men of genius 
 and force and intense devotion to liberty to a degree never equaled, so far 
 as my knowledge goes, in any region of equal size and of so small a popula- 
 tion in modern times. Mr. Henry Cabot Lodge, speaking of this Virginian 
 aristocracy, says : " We must go back to Athens to find another example of 
 a society so small in numbers capable of such an outburst of ability and 
 force." And another Massachusetts scholar, Mr. John Fiske of Cambridge, 
 reminds his readers that of the five men who made our American nation, 
 Washington, Hamilton, Jefferson, Madison, and Marshall, four were Vir- 
 ginians. And Mr. Sidney George Fisher of Pennsylvania, after calling the 
 roll of these great men of the Old Dominion, and also the names of Patrick 
 Henry, Monroe, the Lees, the Randolphs, the Carters, the Harrisons, and 
 3 
 
1 8 THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 
 
 others, says : " We are still dominated by the ideas of these Virginians. 
 We follow their thoughts, obey the fundamental laws and principles they 
 framed, without even a desire to change them." x 
 
 Ladies and gentlemen, if these historians are right, then the debt of this 
 nation to that Virginia civilization can hardly be exaggerated. But let it 
 not be forgotten — let this pilgrimage which we have made to this sacred 
 spot emphasize to the world the fact — that the Jamestown Colony was the 
 daughter of the Anglo-Saxon church, and that that brilliant galaxy of patri- 
 ots, sages, and statesmen which Virginia gave to the country in the Revolu- 
 tionary period were almost to a man loyal sons of this church of ours. 
 Those great Virginians who were such shining examples of patriotism in 
 1776, and who were the leaders in the councils and in the armies of the 
 Revolution, were, I repeat, sons of this church. He, then, who would esti- 
 mate the place which the Jamestown Colony ought to have in the annals 
 of American history, let him look at the stature of these patriots whom the 
 Virginia Episcopal Church gave to the Revolution. Let him observe that 
 they are not only among the giants of that remarkable epoch : they are 
 among the greatest of the giants. 
 
 And then let him ask himself what would have been the subsequent his- 
 tory of the country if the names of Peyton Randolph, Richard Henry Lee, 
 Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, James Madison, John Marshall, and, 
 greatest of all, George Washington, were blotted from the annals of America ? 
 
 The answer to that question will gauge the debt of the people of this 
 great republic to the Jamestown Colony and to the Episcopal Church. 
 
 1 " Men and Women and Manners in Colonial Times," Vol. I, p. 15. 
 
ADDRESS 
 
 By the Rt. Rev. Dr. WILLIAM LAWRENCE, 
 
 Bishop of the Diocese of Massachusetts. 
 
 KIGHT Reverend and Beloved Brethren, and Fellow-churchmen: 
 I come before you in a modest frame of mind, representing as 
 ^ I do a bit of this country which, according to the story just told, 
 was discovered and explored by the members of this ancient 
 colony. I bring, however, the greetings of the commonwealth of Massa- 
 chusetts to the people of Virginia. 
 
 In a large family there are often two children who, as the years pass, 
 become bound together by peculiar ties of affection and sympathy. In the 
 household they can be depended upon to move together and support each 
 other. 
 
 In the family of the thirteen original States Virginia and Massachusetts 
 have stood shoulder to shoulder. To be sure, the Englishmen who landed 
 here in 1607 were not the Englishmen who landed on Plymouth Rock in 
 1620. The settlers of Virginia were churchmen; the settlers of Massachu- 
 setts had broken from the Established Church. 
 
 The two bands, the Virginian and the Bay State, came from different 
 parts of England and had many points of contrast in their social estate and 
 education. The settlers of Virginia and Massachusetts, however, were not 
 Dutchmen or Huguenots, but Englishmen. With all their superficial con- 
 trasts they were fundamentally the same; their race, history, traditions, and 
 churchmanship, up to within a few years of the date that they set sail, were 
 the same. They both had the Englishman's love of liberty, respect for con- 
 stitutional law, common sense, enterprise, and courage under hard conditions. 
 
 Though separated during the first century by the colonies of New York 
 and Maryland, though unsympathetic in their religious tastes and habits, 
 
 *9 
 
20 THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 
 
 the bonds between the two pure English colonies, Virginia and Massachu- 
 setts, were steadily vitalizing and strengthening, so that when the days of the 
 Revolution came, and the representatives of the different colonies gathered, 
 the hands of Virginia and Massachusetts met and grasped each other with 
 that instinct which draws brother and brother, and they then pledged them- 
 selves to uphold liberty and to stand shoulder to shoulder in the struggle 
 for the rights of Englishmen. 
 
 Let me recall one historic scene in illustration. It was during the Sec- 
 ond Congress, in the spring of 1775. Concord and Lexington had been 
 fought; the yeomen of Massachusetts had moved toward Boston. They 
 were rebels; they needed the support of the colonies; they lacked plan and 
 leadership. Massachusetts appealed to Congress for recognition of her 
 action. Congress shuffled and dallied. One member of Congress from 
 Virginia was giving an object-lesson of soldierly readiness. George Wash- 
 ington, chairman of Military Committees, sat in the House, not in his civil- 
 ian clothes, but in the buff-and-blue uniform of a Virginia colonel. 
 
 John Adams of Massachusetts believed that the time had come for ac- 
 tion and for their choice of a commander-in-chief of the American forces. 
 He was fully conscious that John Hancock and other Massachusetts men 
 would have been glad of the honor. He urged, however, not that a 
 man from Massachusetts should be chosen for the great office, but a man 
 from the South, and declared that Congress must make Colonel George 
 Washington commander-in-chief. On June 17, the very day on which the 
 patriots met the redcoats on Bunker Hill, John Adams wrote home : " I 
 can now inform you that the Congress has made choice of the modest and 
 virtuous, the generous, amiable and brave George Washington, Esquire, 
 to be General of the American Army ; and that he is t® repair as soon as 
 possible to the camp before Boston. This appointment will have a great 
 effect in cementing and securing the union of these Colonies." 
 
 Within three weeks Washington was in Cambridge, where, under the 
 historic elm, he first unsheathed his sword in command of the American 
 forces. It is one of the privileges of my life, if you will pardon the personal 
 word in this connection, that, citizen of Cambridge as I am, I live next door 
 to the historic mansion which Washington made his headquarters, and 
 every day pass by the sacred Washington Elm. Through Washington's 
 residence in Cambridge, as well as his great work, Virginia speaks to every 
 student of Harvard and to the people of the old commonwealth of Massa- 
 chusetts. So close were the traditions of the two colonies, so identical 
 their stock, that Washington, on coming to Cambridge, found in the 
 Craigie House, and other homes in Massachusetts, an architecture which 
 
THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 21 
 
 was the same as that of Virginia — the classic colonial. Thus, in their pri- 
 vate and home surroundings, as well as their public spirit, Virginia and 
 Massachusetts were one. 
 
 A century later came those sad days when the bonds of brotherhood 
 were forgotten, and Virginia and Massachusetts withstood each other to 
 the death. Each of them, however, fought in the spirit of true English- 
 men for what they believed to be the right ; they were still one in loyalty • 
 to their stock and traditions, one in their religious faith. No Massachu- 
 setts man can touch Virginia soil without feeling his heart throb and his 
 eyes well up with tears as he recalls how the very verdure that we to-day 
 look upon is enriched by the blood of Massachusetts. 
 
 Our boys are buried here. Brethren of Virginia, we commend their 
 bodies to your tender care. Through their blood and sacrifice we are one 
 again, bound together, we pray God, in bonds that neither time nor trial 
 nor anything can sunder. 
 
 Have I dwelt too little on the church and our common interest as 
 churchmen of Virginia and Massachusetts ? In the old Bay State we find 
 that many who, for conscience' sake, left the mother church in the throes 
 of the seventeenth century are now returning to their old home, the ancient 
 church. We cannot forget that in evangelical faith and a reverence for the 
 Scriptures, and what goes to make the foundations of the Christian religion, 
 the Virginia churchman and the Massachusetts Puritan were one. 
 
 We are reminded that the great prophet of the church in this century, 
 Phillips Brooks, born in Massachusetts, came to Virginia and drank from 
 its spiritual fountains, and was touched with its evangelical fervor and 
 missionary enthusiasm, before he returned to his native city, Boston, and 
 by his eloquence and love enriched the whole world with his teachings. 
 
 In church and state, in sympathy and a common love, may the two 
 States ever stand united. 
 
 God save the commonwealths of Virginia and Massachusetts ! 
 
ADDRESS 
 
 By the Rt. Rev. Dr. WILLIAM FORD NICHOLS, 
 
 Bishop of the Diocese of California. 
 
 "^^ TB^Y Right Reverend Brother and Good People : 
 |m/l The alert hospitality which planned this pilgrimage speaks to 
 I t M us in many gracious ways. Your own words of welcome, my 
 J dear brother, are emphasized by many deeds which have made 
 
 this visit as bright as the sunshine that floods the day. The warmth of the 
 welcome, to begin with, under that noble hotel roof in Richmond fused the 
 hearts of us pilgrims, coming, as we do, from all parts of the country, with 
 all sorts of views, and made us all for the time certainly Jeffersonians . Then, 
 all the interests and attractions of our trip down the James, its historic asso- 
 ciations, and the succulent Smithfield ham and other bounties of your lunch- 
 eon, have made us enter the more deeply into the sentiment of the legend : 
 
 In Dixie's land 
 
 I take my stand, 
 To live and die 
 In Dixie land. 
 
 The large responsibility of expressing for the pilgrims our sense of all this 
 has, I presume, fallen to me on account of advanced age ; for, as the full and 
 scholarly review of the historian of the day has shown, California has our 
 oldest church spot in the United States — the place where Francis Fletcher, 
 ' the chaplain of Drake, held the first prayer-book service in our country, in 
 1579. Drake, having been treated in the harbor of Vera Cruz, in Mexico, 
 somewhat as the Maine was treated in Havana harbor, had some years be- 
 fore vowed to " singe the beard of the King of Spain." Having proceeded 
 to do that, he took that trip home which made his ship " plow the furrow 
 
 22 ■ mm 
 
THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 23 
 
 around the world." In the meantime, he felt that which every well-in- 
 formed person has felt since — that no voyage around the world was com- 
 plete without spending at least a month in California. And our General 
 Convention, to our great happiness, is to spend a month in California, too, 
 in 1901. It was during that month that Drake's chaplain held the first 
 service referred to, in 1579, which puts upon me such a sense of seniority, 
 and, no doubt, lays upon me the pleasant duty I am trying to fulfil. I can 
 only say, from our hearts we thank you, my right reverend brothers and 
 members of the Churchmen's League ; members — I am proud to be able to 
 say, my fellow-members — of the Association for the Preservation of Vir- 
 ginia Antiquities, ladies of Richmond and Norfolk, members of the choir 
 who have added so much to our service to-day, and all who have been 
 instrumental in giving us this happy day, we thank you. 
 
 Many a " parson's tale," and layman's tale, too, should go into all parts 
 
 of our country to tell of this pilgrimage. It exploits origins — origins of 
 
 our Church, and origins of our nation. You have heard the 
 
 Origins of retrospect The Church of England everywhere sent God's 
 
 American „„ , , . , , . . ?„ , Al 
 
 Church Word and prayer with her ships. All the ventures across the sea, 
 
 from Cabot's first in 1497,10 Raleigh's, Gilbert's, and Drake's in 
 Elizabeth's reign, show this. Under Edward VI. should be mentioned that 
 first " Reformed fleet," with English prayers and English preaching. At 
 the end of the sixteenth century no established colony was there to show ; 
 but just one single truly American churchman there was, and he was the 
 American Indian Manteo. Then comes the first permanent settlement 
 here at Jamestown in 1607. There you have the advantage of us in Cali- 
 fornia ; our prayer-book service was not continuous. Every one having to 
 do with the first services was a credit to the church. Robert Hunt and 
 Richard Bucke were noble pioneer priests, and if it has not been our wont 
 to speak of them as our pilgrim fathers, may many generations of pilgrim 
 sons like ourselves come here to honor them and the church birthplace 
 of us all ! 
 
 What I would at this time wish to emphasize most, however, is the origin 
 of Americanism in its best type, that should ever make this place famed 
 afar. In a New England bank vault, some years since, was discovered a 
 chest of old family plate which had so long lain under the rubbish and dust 
 upon it that it had been forgotten. That is the very case with some of the 
 choicest family treasures of our church heritage. There are events and 
 facts which lie at the beginning of our national life that we have allowed to 
 be all covered over with the dust of time and neglect. We should bring 
 
24 THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 
 
 them out and use them and let the noble crest of our heritage be seen. 
 One of them is the fact that within the walls of our old Jamestown church, 
 as Bancroft says, was first asserted on this continent the doctrine of "popu- 
 lar sovereignty." True Americanism was born here. The charter of 1606 
 was widened out into that of 1609, that was still further widened out into 
 the charter of 161 2, and finally came the charter under which the era- 
 making meeting of burgesses was held in the old church, Friday, July 30, 
 1 619. It is a day and an event for churchmen to make much of in this 
 time of the renaissance of national consciousness. It would be an interest- 
 ing study to go back to the meetings of the London Company to trace the 
 rise of that spirit which gradually emancipated the colony from the thral- 
 dom of the earlier charters into freemen. But what we need to fix our 
 attention upon intelligently and enthusiastically now, as churchmen and 
 churchwomen, is this: in that assembly of 1619, in the old Jamestown 
 church, we find the first true American germ. 
 
 Every ballot of those that fall like the leaves of Vatlombrosa now owes 
 something to the ballot then. Every voter who has the freedom of his 
 conscience and voice now owes something to the burgesses voting then. 
 Every influence of our institutions which has gone forth, and is to go forth, 
 to shape the destinies of our civilization owes something to the spirit and 
 enactment of that little band of churchmen then. Our young churchmen 
 should think of this and propagate this, and get it to the consciences and 
 appreciation of their fellow-churchmen and fellow- voters. Do not allow 
 the family plate to be buried under. Bring it out and use it and it will 
 show its own crest. 
 
 This is the more necessary because other claims have overlaid it in the 
 past. All recognition and honor to that infusion of Americanism which 
 came later from Plymouth Rock ! But here is a claim to another and a 
 prior infusion. If there was an Adams in the North, there was a Washing- 
 ton in the South. The critical instinct in history requires the discriminating 
 faculty, and it is high time that due recognition is given to the Jamestown 
 origin of the nation. Many a text-book must be rewritten to do this. Many 
 a churchman must be wide-awake to set the matter right. 
 
 Then, from time to time, we hear it quietly assumed that Columbus dis- 
 covered us all ! A striking comment on the curious defect of vision which 
 mistakes our civilization for that Spanish civilization with which Columbus — 
 with all tribute to his genius — was identified, is this proposal to carry his 
 very bones back to Spain, with the withdrawal of that civilization which 
 finds that our civilization has no use for it. In conclusion, as we carry 
 away from this day deep and epoch-marking impressions, and try to better 
 
THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 25 
 
 interpret into our church and national life all the significance of the great 
 facts for which this pilgrimage with all its most happy associations stands, 
 let us tell it out everywhere to the nation that as King James gave us our 
 Bible, so Jamestown first gave us our free institutions. 
 
 Then, as the Church some fifty years ago woke up to the fact that it was 
 the great missionary society, so will it now wake up to the great realization 
 that, while our noble societies of colonial wars, of the Revolution, and the 
 like are ever filling up a useful sphere, after all, the Church itself is the great 
 and the earliest American society. 
 
 If our nation has been more or less brought up on that ancient couplet, 
 
 In fourteen hundred and ninety-two 
 Columbus crossed the ocean blue, 
 
 let us with a will set out to supplement and teach that 
 
 Jamestown gave th' American leaven 
 From English ships in sixteen seven. 
 
 The Benediction was pronounced by the Bishop of Maine. 
 

 THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMS. 
 
 BISHOPS. 
 
 The Bishop Coadjutor of Arkansas. 
 
 " " of California. 
 
 " " of Central Pennsylvania. 
 
 " " of Easton. 
 
 " " of Georgia. 
 
 " " of Kansas. 
 
 " " of Lexington. 
 
 " " of Los Angeles. 
 
 " " of Maine. 
 
 " " of Massachusetts. 
 
 " " Coadjutor of Minnesota. 
 
 " " of Pittsburgh. 
 
 " " of Southern Virginia. 
 
 " " Coadjutor of Springfield 
 
 " " Coadjutor of Virginia. 
 
 " " of Washington. 
 
 " " of Western Michigan. 
 
 " " of Western New York. 
 
 " Missionary Bishop of Alaska. 
 
 " " " of Nevada, Utah, and Western Colorado. 
 
 " " " of New Mexico and Arizona. 
 
 " " " of Oklahoma and Indian Territory. 
 
 of South Dakota. 
 
 " " " of Spokane. 
 
 of The Platte. 
 
 " " " ofTokio. 
 
 CLERICAL DEPUTIES. 
 
 The Rev. Edward Ashley, South Dakota. 
 " " W. T. Allen, Arkansas. 
 " " T. H. M. V. Appleby, North Dakota. 
 " " Henry D. Aves, Texas. 
 " " C. S. Aves, Ohio. 
 26 
 
THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 2j 
 
 The Rev. Walton W. Battershall, D. D., Albany. 
 
 " " George F. Breed, Long Island. 
 
 " " Geo. S. Bennit, Newark. 
 
 " " A. B. Baker, D. D., New Jersey. 
 
 " " Wm. B. Bodine, D. D., Pennsylvania. 
 
 " " F. J. Bassett, D. D., Rhode Island. 
 
 " T. D. Bratton, South Carolina. 
 
 " " F. W. Baker, Southern Ohio. 
 
 " " J. Isham Bliss, D. D., Vermont. 
 
 " " S. C. Blackiston, Montana. 
 
 " G. A. Beecher, The Platte. 
 
 " " A. W. Burroughs, Western Texas. 
 
 " " J. Brittingham, West Virginia. 
 
 " " Wm. Bollard, Sacramento. 
 
 " Archibald Beatty, D. D., Kansas. 
 
 " " Lewis Brown, Western Michigan. 
 
 " " Jos. Carey, D. D., Albany. 
 
 " " Geo. H. Cornell, D. D., Iowa. 
 
 " " Charles E. Craik, D. D., Kentucky. 
 
 " " E. D. Cooper, D. D., Long Island. 
 
 " " J. E. Curzon, Marquette. 
 
 " " Wm. Mead Clark, Virginia. 
 
 " " W. J. Cordick, Fond du Lac. 
 
 " " H. E. Clowes, Montana. 
 
 " " A. E. Carpenter, Rhode Island. 
 
 " " Geo. F. Degen, Maine. 
 
 " " Walter R. Dye, Mississippi. 
 
 " «. Robt. Doherty, D. D., Nebraska. 
 
 " " F. A. De Rosset, Springfield. 
 
 " " W. D'O. Doty, Western New York. 
 
 " " Chas. E. Deuel, Idaho. 
 
 " " C. M. Davis, Asst. Sec'y House of Deputies. 
 
 " " D. W. Dresser, Springfield. 
 
 " " J. H. Eccleston, D. D., Maryland. 
 
 " " E. A. Enos, D. D., Albany. 
 
 " " E. J. Evans, Milwaukee. 
 
 " " J. H. Ely, Southern Ohio. 
 
 " " Jno. D. Easter, D. D., Los Angeles. 
 
 " " Geo. C. Foley, Central Pennsylvania. 
 
 " " J. J. Faude, Minnesota. 
 
 " " T. B. Foster, Vermont. 
 
 " " I. C. Fortin, Maine. 
 
 " " Henry Forrester, Mexico. 
 
 " " John S. Gibson, West Virginia. 
 
 " " Wm. J. Gold, D. D., Chicago. 
 
28 
 
 THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 
 
 The Rev. C. Y. Grimes, Colorado. 
 John B. Gibble, Dallas. 
 J. Gibson Gantt, Easton. 
 W. R. Gardner, D. D., Fond du Lac. 
 
 F. O. Granniss, Indiana. 
 
 D. C. Garrett, Oregon. 
 R. W. Grange, Pittsburgh. 
 
 G. A. Gibbons, West Virginia. 
 
 G. C. Hall, Delaware. 
 
 Hall Harrison, D. D., Maryland. 
 
 George Hodges, D. D., Massachusetts. 
 
 W. W. Holley, D. D., Newark. 
 Very Rev. E. A. Hoffman, D. D., New York. 
 The Rev. Byron Holley, South Carolina. 
 
 Alfred Harding, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Gilbert Higgs, D. D., Southern Florida. 
 
 K. J. Hammond, Delaware. 
 
 C. L. Hutchins, D. D., Sec'y House of Deputies. 
 
 H. R. Harris, D. D., Pennsylvania. 
 
 T. J. Holcomb, New York. 
 
 Rogers Israel, Central Pennyslvania. 
 
 H. L. Jones, D. D., Central Pennsylvania. 
 
 E. W. Jewell, Marquette. 
 H. W. Jones, D. D., Ohio. 
 
 The Ven. W. M. Jefferis, D. D., Texas. 
 
 The Rev. F. F. Kramer, Colorado. 
 J. D. Krum, Kansas. 
 John Kershaw, South Carolina. 
 Joshua Kimber, Board of Missions. 
 A. R. Keiffer, Pittsburgh. 
 
 E. S. Lines, D. D., Connecticut. 
 
 J. H. Lynch, D. D., Iowa. 
 
 Jno. N. Lewis, Jr., Lexington. 
 
 C. S. Leffmgwell, Maine. 
 
 Jno. S. Lindsay, D. D., Massachusetts. 
 
 C. W. Leffmgwell, D. D., Quincy. 
 
 M. P. Logan, D. D., Southern Virginia. 
 
 Francis Lobdell, D. D., Western New York. 
 
 J. P. D. Llwyd, Olympia. 
 
 N. Logan, D. D., Mississippi. 
 
 M. M. Marshall, D. D., North Carolina. 
 W. H. Moreland, California. 
 O. H. Murphy, D. D., Easton. 
 Joseph McConnell, Marquette. 
 
THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 29 
 
 The Rev. Thos. W. MacLean, Michigan. 
 
 " " R. E. Macduff, Michigan. 
 
 " " John McCarroll, Michigan. 
 
 " " C. L. Mallory, Milwaukee. 
 
 " " C. N. Moller, Missouri. 
 
 " " Laurens McClure, D. D., Pittsburgh. 
 
 " " W. D. Maxon, D. D., Pittsburgh. 
 
 " " R. J. McBryde, D. D., Southern Virginia. 
 
 " " T. F. Martin, Tennessee. 
 
 " " L. R. Mason, Virginia. 
 
 " " R. H. McKim, D. D., Washington, D. C. 
 
 " « S. S. Moore, D. D., West Virginia. 
 
 " " Wm. E. Maison, Nevada and Utah. 
 
 " " J. L. McKim, Delaware. 
 
 " " Cameron Mann, D. D., West Missouri. 
 
 " " J. G. Meem, Brazil. 
 
 " " Gratton Noland, Lexington. 
 
 " " H. P. Nichols, Minnesota. 
 
 " " G. W. Nelson, Virginia. 
 
 " H. W. Nelson, Jr., D. D., Western New York. 
 
 " " A. B. Nicholas, Oklahoma and Indian Territory. 
 
 " " John W. Ohl, Colorado. 
 
 " " O. E. Ostenson, Western Colorado. 
 
 " " J. P. Pendleton, D. D., Albany. 
 
 " " Francis L. Palmer, Spokane. 
 
 " " Wm. Prall, D. D., Michigan. 
 
 " " C. T. A. Pise, Georgia. 
 
 " " J. De Wolfe Perry, D. D., Pennsylvania. 
 
 " " C. M. Perkins, New Jersey. 
 
 " " W. E. Potwine, Oregon. 
 
 " E. H. Porter, Rhode Island. 
 
 " J. L. Patton, Tokio. 
 
 " " W. C. Prout, Asst. Sec'y House of Deputies. 
 
 " " Geo. Patterson, D. D., Tennessee. 
 
 " " Leighton Parks, D. D., Massachusetts. 
 
 " " E. A. Renouf, New Hampshire. 
 
 " " H. B. Restarick, Los Angeles. 
 
 • " " C. C. Rollitt, Minnesota. 
 
 " " J. D. Ritchey, Missouri. 
 
 " " A. W. Ryan, D. C. L., Duluth. 
 
 " Geo. C. Rafter, D. D., Wyoming. 
 
 " " John N. Rippey, Western Michigan. 
 
 " B. E. Reed, Kentucky. 
 
 " " B. B. Ramage, Dallas. 
 
 " " O. H. Raftery, Connecticut. 
 
 " " W. W. Raymond, Indiana. 
 
30 
 
 THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 
 
 The Rev. L. W. Saltonstall, Connecticut. 
 Hudson Stuck, Dallas. 
 C. M. Sturges, Florida. 
 A. W. Seabrease, Indiana. 
 Jno. E. Sulger, Indiana. 
 C. M. Sills, Maine. 
 H. Percy Silver, Nebraska. 
 W. S. Short, Oregon. 
 E. F. Small, Southern Ohio. 
 Jas. Stewart Smith, West Missouri. 
 William Short, Missouri. 
 C. H. Smith, D. D., Western New York. 
 H. H. Sneed, Lexington. 
 G. W. Shinn, D. D., Massachusetts. 
 
 A. G. L. Trew, D. D., Los Angeles. 
 
 B. W. R. Tayler, Los Angeles. 
 Wm. P. Ten Broeck, D. D., Minnesota. 
 Ebenezer Thompson, Mississippi. 
 Beverly D. Tucker, D. D., Southern Virginia. 
 Robert Talbot, West Missouri. 
 
 Jas. J. Vaulx, Arkansas. 
 Geo. B. Van Waters, Oregon. 
 
 James E. Wilkinson, Western Michigan. 
 
 C. E. Woodcock, Connecticut. 
 P. H. Whaley, Florida. 
 R. H. Weller, Jr., Fond du Lac. 
 Albert Watkins, Kansas. 
 Edward Warren, Marquette. 
 E. W. Worthington, Ohio. 
 C. D. Williams, Ohio. 
 Jos. G. Wright, Springfield. 
 Lucius Waterman, New Hampshire. 
 H. H. Waters, D. D., Louisiana. 
 
 LAY DEPUTIES. 
 Mr. G. A. Aschman, West Virginia. 
 
 " John Marshall Brown, Maine. 
 
 " Hector Baxter, Minnesota. 
 
 " Geo. Briggs, Vermont. 
 
 " A. S. Browne, Washington. 
 
 " J. Eton Bowers, Duluth. 
 
 " Geo. L. Balcom, New Hampshire. 
 
 " J. B. Bosworth, Southern Ohio. 
 
THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 31 
 
 Mr. W. R. Butler, Central Pennsylvania. 
 " S. S. Brown, Western New York. 
 " Geo. C. Burgwin, Pittsburgh. 
 
 " William Collins, Easton. 
 
 " Tracy M. Cary, Milwaukee. 
 
 " Josiah Carpenter, New Hampshire. 
 
 " John N. Carpender, New Jersey. 
 
 " C. M. Clement, Central Pennsylvania. 
 
 " Wm. Calder, East Carolina. 
 
 " Geo. E. Copeland, Milwaukee. 
 
 " Albert N. Drown, California. 
 
 " G. M. Darrow, Tennessee. 
 
 " H. H. Denison, Missouri. 
 
 " J. H. Denison, California. 
 
 " Wm. D'Olier, New Jersey. 
 
 " Frank H. Dudley, Lexington. 
 
 " Robert Earl, Albany. 
 
 " J. H. Fitts, Alabama. 
 
 " Geo. R. Fairbanks, Florida. 
 
 " F. P. Fleming, Florida. 
 
 " C. J. Faulkner, Southern Virginia. 
 
 " D. W. C. Fowler, South Dakota. 
 
 " James J. Goodwin, Connecticut. 
 " Miles F. Gilbert, Springfield. 
 " Z. D. Harrison, Georgia. 
 
 " W. A. Hatch, Missouri. 
 
 " N. P. Herrington, Iowa. 
 
 " General Fayette Hewitt, Lexington. 
 
 " W. H. Lightner, Minnesota. 
 " C. H. V. Lewis, West Missouri. 
 
 " Burton Mansfield, Connecticut. 
 
 " Alfred Mills, Newark. 
 
 " L. H. Morehouse, Milwaukee. 
 
 " Samuel Mather, Ohio. 
 
 " Silas McBee, Asheville. 
 
 " R. A. Mercur, Central Pennsylvania. 
 
 " L. B. Martin, Indiana. 
 
 " C. A. Morris, Oklahoma. 
 
 " J. N. Macomb, Kansas. 
 
 " F. J. McMaster, Missouri. 
 
32 THE JAMESTOWN PILGRIMAGE 
 
 Mr. Vincent Neale, California. 
 
 " H. M. North, Central Pennsylvania. 
 
 " W. W. Old, Southern Virginia. 
 
 " J. Bakewell Phillips, Los Angeles. 
 
 " Robt. Treat Paine, Massachusetts. 
 
 " J. Howard Pugh, New Jersey. 
 
 " Chas. E. Parker, Vermont. 
 
 " F. H. Putney, Milwaukee. 
 
 " H. C. Ranney, Ohio. 
 
 " J. M. Radebaugh, Los Angeles. 
 
 " J. W. Stone, Marquette. 
 
 " Chas. G. Saunders, Massachusetts. 
 
 " Arthur J. C. Sowdon, Massachusetts. 
 
 " Jas. C. Smith, Jr., Michigan. 
 
 " Thos. M. Sloane, Ohio. 
 
 " Frank Spittle, Oregon. 
 
 " Chas. W. Short, Southern Ohio. 
 
 " Chas. H. Stanley, Washington. 
 
 " J. L. Stettinius, Southern Ohio. 
 
 " Fred. E. Stimpson, Kansas. 
 
 " M. W. Seymour, Connecticut. 
 
 " John R. Triplett, Missouri. 
 
 " Edw. L. Temple, Vermont. 
 
 " Winslow Upton, Rhode Island. 
 
 " J. B. Van Wagenew, Newark. 
 
 " W. S. Walker, Easton. 
 
 " Bluford Wilson, Springfield. 
 
 " Jno. Wilkes, North Carolina. 
 
 " Jos. Wilmer, Virginia. 
 
 " P. White, Marquette. 
 
 " E. T. Wilder, Minnesota. 
 
 " B. L. Wiggins, Tennessee. 
 
 " Henry Wells, Vermont. 
 
 " John G. Williams, Virginia. 
 
 " Wm. H. Walker, Western New York. 
 
 " E. Morgan Wood, Southern Ohio. 
 
 " Geo. Willard, Western Michigan. 
 
 " F. P. Wolcott, Lexington. 
 
 " H. A. Williamson, Quincy. 
 
 " R. E. Withers, Southern Virginia. 
 
 " N. O. Messenger, " Washington Star." 
 
 " B. W. Wells, " The Churchman." 
 
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