I'Mimliml Glass Book COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT ^ @ 7— •> t. Presented with Compliments of -•frr=®3 See Page ^b COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES AND RESOURCES OF T 11.7^ r AND ENVIRONS rJ'iv A DESCRIPTIVE Historical and Statistical REVIEW. INDUSTRY, DEVELOPMENT, ENTERPRISE. Commercial Publishing Company — Limited. ?3t>- — , Coromepeial Publishing Gb.dtimited) W. H.HOWELLS, Manager ■'/'.' A.F MARTHENS, Editor ^ <& .&* en * ^ * M PREFATORY In placing this work before the public, it is frankly admitted that, in spite of all our endeavors, we have not succeeded in rendering, as we desired, that perfect representation of the Commerce, Manufac- tures and Resources of Buffalo, which the occasion seemed to demand. From its very nature, our enterprise was, to a large extent, co-operative; it required public approval and support, and should some branches of industry appear to receive less prominence than deserved, the fault can not justly be placed to our account. This explanation is due to the public as well as to ourselves, but, while making it, we are none the less convinced that, taken as a whole, no single work, on Buffalo, ever issued, has contained so much new and valuable information, or so entirely supplied an existing want. The reader, whoever or wherever he may be, can rest assured that the sub-editorial notices, as a group, represent those who cannot fail to be regarded as embodying the public spirit, progress and success of this community. No enterprise of importance, either corporate or personal, effecting the trade relations of this with other communities, has been willingly omitted from these pages; and, while we have studiously adhered to facts in all cases, no effort has been made to depict the advantages of this city as being greater than they really are. Among those to whom we are indebted for valuable assistance and encouragement, are Messrs. Alonzo and J. M. Richmond, Pratt & Co., David Bell, Cyrus Clarke, John Wilkeson, Hart, Ball & Hart, J. B. Griffen, R. W. Bell, J. N. Matthews, Robert Hadfield, Hon. Horatio Seymour, Jr., State Engineer and Surveyor; W. P. Burns, Esq., City Clerk; Jasper S. Youngs, City Engineer; A. L. Smith, Esq., of Messrs. Smith & Lapham; B. S. \V. Clarke, Esq., State Superintendent of Public Works; Neil Gilmore, Esq., State Superintendent of Public Education; Thomas S. King, Esq. In addition to these Ave cordially express our obligations to the Buffalo Board of Trade and the Press generally, particularly The Buffalo Express, The Courier, The Commercial Advertiser and The Sunday Times. To those who have aided us in the mechanical production of this work, Messrs. Haas, Nauert & Klein, Bigelow Brothers, N. Lyman's Sons, Cosack & Co., and H. Chandler, for promptness and efficiency, we return acknowledgments. Designed especially for circulation among those residing in other localities and unacquainted with the true magnitude of this city, and its extraordinary trade facilities, we are assured that this work will perform a mission of the highest utility, and with this belief we commend it to the preservation and at- tentive perusal of our readers. COMMERCIAL PUBLISHING COMPANY. fc (Limited?) BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. CHAPTER I. To the man of business, the summit of some tower, from which he may look down upon the boundless streets, that lay in a wide extended plain, made lively by hosts of busy people, is a great joy. This was the pleasure of the writer, when, a short while ago, through the politeness of Mr. Hadfield, then clerk to his Honor the Mayor, he was furnished with a Permit, which opened the doors of the huge tower that rises from the mag- nificent City and County Hall of Buffalo.* There is certainly a beauty in hill and valley, in precipice and overhanging rock; but for purposes of business give us ground level as a floor, where all the innumerable activities of working life are in full movement. Give us such a spot, extended for scores of miles, without the suspicion of a hill, and let it be bordered or cut through by some great body of water, deep but not strong, and we will there plant our flag. A view of Buffalo from the top of the great tow- er is a sight rich with the labors of man. It gives the prairie land of nature, taken in hand by the enterprise of the intelligent worker, and built up with his mills, o'ertopped by stately and graceful smoke-stacks; his elevators, square and massive, rising high over the workshop of the artisan; his Factories, with story upon story, and windows in- numerable, throwing the broad light of day upon the hosts of nimble and skillful hands within; his Warehouses and Stores, now plain now florid with architectural effect; his Steamers and water craft unnumbered, covering the lake, the creek and the canal; his Streets, wide and well paved, affording every facility for the transaction of business or the promenade of pleasure; his Railroads, with thou- sands and thousands of cars, for travel and for freight; and his Dwellings, the home of the indus- trious and prosperous citizens, who have created all this hive of industry, within a period less than the life of a single man — and who, after all, like the ancient Egyptian and the Greek, have reserved their choicest thought and most bounteous treasure for their Hall, where laws are enacted and where justice shall be meted out forever. But let us descend from this interesting eleva- tion, and again tread the earth on a level with our fellow-citizens. It is now our self-imposed duty to *The total cost of the City and County Hall was $1,445,- ■000. Its dimensions are: Length, 296 feet; width, 15S feet; height, 275 feet. The cost is equally divided between the •City and County. inquire into the early history of this place, begin- ning at a time when the Indians still held exclu- sive possession of the soil, and when no pale-face had yet set foot upon the spot which now so nobly tells of his toil and triumph. Long before white men ever saw the shores of Lake Erie, the tribes known as the "Five Na- tions:" the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayu- gas, and, at a later period, the Senecas, roamed the forests which skirted the banks of the Lake, where war and the chase absorbed their attention, destroying them on the one hand, sustaining them on the other. Vicissitude, to which savages are more liable than civilized people, at length added another tribe to the federation, and about the year 1720 the Tuscaroras were united to them, from which period they figured as the "Six Nations," in many a fierce encounter and deed of treachery; the large number of creeks of insignificant length that meander through the region, with their often over- hanging banks, being eminently conducive to sur- prises and savage encounters. The Senecas had the reputation above all the rest, of being a fierce and untamable tribe; and they were also the most powerful, numbering about a thousand warriors. So long as their wars were confined to savages like themselves the Six Nations might go cm and slaughter all their enemies, (which means all who were not of their tribes,) and there might be none to interfere with their pleasure; but at length they came in contact with the whites. The French had been long laboriously planting themselves in Amer- ica, their soldiers and priests marching on together, raising the fleur-de-lis and the banner of the cross wherever they went. The chain of military posts which guarded the banner of France, extended from Canada in the north to Louisiana in the south, and an active in- tercourse was kept up through this vast extent 01 country. Their occupancy 01 the posts might have been continued indefinitely, (for they had r. faculty for fraternizing with savages,) and a mighty region of fertile land might have lain useless and worse than useless, had the French at home and their neighbors of England been able to keep the peace towards each other. But, like the savages of America, the civilized people of Europe, a hun- dred years ago, seemed to think that whoever was not of their nation was their enemy, and ought to be crushed. As they watched each other too close- ly to do harm at home they very naturally sent their fighting men here to do it, and to take the land which neither had title to, except as the 1:1 FFALO AND ENVIRONS. sword gives title. The plots and countei-plots of the civilized savages very naturally demanded the aid of the Indians for their success, and many were the blandishments of both sides in order to obtain the active aid of the redskins. The Six Nations were no lovers of the English, but a fear of their power had much to do with the coyness with which they met the advances of the French. They had a most unmistakable inclina- tion to join them in active warfare against the En- glish, but they could not help noting a certain fickleness in their friends, which might, at some unexpected moment, leave them exposed to the tender mercies of the other side. At length the English superintendent of Indian affairs, Sir Wm. lohnson, gained them over to his side, through plain, honest dealing, together with shrewdness and a certain coarseness that belonged to his na- ture, which harmonized with the Indian disposi- tion. Johnson had been many years in this coun- try, having first come as his father's agent, who was a great land owner in the Mohawk Valley. When actual war again broke out between Eng- land and France^ in 1756, the great influence of Tohnson finally turned the scale in favor of the British side, and the Mohawks took up the hatchet against the French. After four years of varying fortunes the English proved victorious, and the French power in America came to an end. CHAPTER II The war was ended, yet the Indians still re- tained their old affection for the French. The celebrated Pontiac had no difficulty in uniting many tribes against the English, and in Sept. 1763, the Senecas ambushed a train of army wagons, under a military escort, three miles and a half below the Falls, and massacred all but four men out of a force of ninety-six. And in the fol- lowing month, as six hundred British soldiers were on their march to Detroit, they were waylaid not far from the same place, and twenty-eight were killed and wounded. This appears however to have been the last of the savage outbreaks in the vicinity of Buffalo, although at intervals for some years afterwards they occasionally kidnapped white people, and held them prisoners for years. All the necessary commerce, consisting princi- pally of supplies for the military posts on the upper lakes, and goods for the Indian fur trade, passed along the borders of Erie county, almost all of it being done in open boats, propelled by oars, and was conducted through great peril and privation. In 1779-80 a considerable body of Senecas came up from Fort Niagara and located near Buffalo creek, about four miles above its mouth. Having by this time adopted many of the customs of the whites, they had their com-fields and gardens, and planted orchards, and some had houses instead of wigwams. This was, as far as known, their first settlement in Erie county, and is supposed to have been the first permanent occupation of this region since the destruction of the Neuter Nation, 135 years before. The Senecas brought with them several persons of the name of Gilbert, Quakers, whom they had kidnapped in Pennsylvania. Soon after the settlement was made two British officers, Capt. Powell and Lieut. Johnston, were sent there from Fort Niagara. They made great efforts to obtain the release of the Gilberts, but without effect. Johnston eventually married a Seneca squaw, and his son was a young man when the town of Buffalo was laid out in 1 803. It was about 17S9 that the first .white man lo- cated in Erie county. He was a Dutchman, of the name of Winne or Winney, and erected a little log house, where he kept a store and traded with the Indians. According to Hon. G. W. Clinton his store was on Washington street, near the canal bridge. Here then we find the germ of Buffalo, for it was right on the spot where this great city was destined to arise that Winne took up his abode; and although it was fpurteen years before the actual laying out of the town, yet to him be- longs the honor of being the first settler. About 1794 Johnston, who married the squaw, built himself a house near Winne's store, at the mouth of Buffalo creek, where his Indian friends gave him two square miles of land, which are now in the heart of the city. Gradually the settlement increased in popula- tion, and several additional houses were built on Johnston's ground. The place being now suffi- ciently enlarged it was deemed worthy of a name, and dubbed " Lake Erie," but two years later this was dropped and "Buffalo Creek" substituted. This in turn had to give place to " New Amster- dam," when the property fell into the hands of the Holland Land Company. All this strikes us as ridiculous, as up to the year 1807 there were scarcely three dozen houses in the hamlet. Final- ly, in 1 8 10, the name of Buffalo was first legally applied to the town, which embraced a space of land about eighteen miles north and south by from eight to sixteen east and west: including the pres- ent city of Buffalo, the towns of Grand Island, Tonawanda, Amherst and West Seneca. The Holland Company however continued to use the name "New Amsterdam" for one or two years longer, when they dropped it and adopted the new name. This large extent of ground, it will be noted was then a "town" in the New England sense, that is, a township, of which farming lands form the chief part. And when, in 1S32, the town was in- corporated as a city, the bounds were very greatly contracted from these proportions, although we have no data at hand to show its exact extent; but in 1S53, when it received a new charter, with a greatly enlarged area, the length from north to south was increased to nine miles, and from east to west to varying widths of three to six miles. The great financier of Revolutionary times, Robert Morris, bought several very large tracts of land, and afterwards, in 1702 and '93 sold, in trust, to several Americans, about four-fifths of it, for the use of the Holland Land Company; it was not however until 1797 that Morris succeeded in defi- nitely extinguishing the Indian title to the lands. Some fifty-nine square miles were, on survey, found to lie in Erie county, which had only cost him an average of one-third of a cent an acre! The vast tracts of land which the Indians thus despoil :d themselves of, necessitated their adop- BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. "tion of many of the ways of civilized men; for their remaining grounds, although of great extent, were totally inadequate to the supply of sufficient game for their sustenance. Thus the planting of various sorts of grain and fruit was made compul- sory upon them. The gift to Johnston by his Indian friends of two square miles of land, which is embraced in the present city, was sufficiently valid to necessi- tate the purchase of his claim by the Holland •company, after their great transactions through Morris. They paid Johnston in part by a deed for forty acres of ground now in the heart of the city, bounded north by Seneca street, west by Washington street, south by (then) Buffalo creek, now the Hamburg canal, with the eastern boun- dary beyond what is now Michigan street. Johnston laid out a small burying ground a few rods square, on his homestead. It is understood that he was himself buried there. He died in 1807, at the age of sixty-five. Burials did not cease in that ground until several years after the village burial place had been located on the spot where the City and County Hall now stands. The Holland Land Company is a title with which all western New Yorkers were very familiar forty years ago, and yet there never really was a chartered company by that name — nothing but a number of private individuals, a sort of partner- ship, that held such vast bodies of land in the state. Through Robert Morris they bought the lands, which were called the " Holland Purchase," in 1792-3. These lands were conveyed by Morris to trustees, in trust for those persons, until in 1798, the N. V. legislature authorized the Hollanders to hold the lands in their own names. There were ■eventually three sets of proprietors, in such a way as to debar any one owner from devising or sell- ing. In other words, the ownership of the lands must continue in the whole body down till the time of the last survivor, who alone shall have power to devise them by will. The whole number of owners was thirteen, and in the passing of deeds to purchasers the names of all the propri- etors were given; the names of such as from time to time died being dropped from future deeds. Soon after the purchase of these lands Joseph Ellicott was appointed as chief surveyor. The terms of payment to purchasers were per- haps made too easy, as the great length of time allowed for liquidating claims made the purchaser or his heirs feel as though they were oppressed by the agent, wht*n payment was at length insisted upon. This feeling grew so strong at last that the purchasers held a public convention, denounced the company, and demanded that the attorney- general should contest their title to the lands. The uneasiness grew until, in 1837, a state of ter- rorism made it dangerous for an agent to collect dues, as armed men and threatening notices were too much for the nerves of the collector. Joseph Ellicott, a younger brother of A. A. Elli- cott, at that time surveyor-general of the United States, was engaged by the Holland company, as <;hief of surveyors. His practiced eye soon de- tected the capabilities of the spot where Buffalo now stands, and he u>ed his influence to have a town laid out there. His project being successful, he set himself to the work of laying out streets in the style of those in Washington city, (which he had assisted his brother in surveying.) He re- served to himself a large piece of ground with its chief front in the centre of the town, from which three of the principal streets radiated, named Yol- lenhoven avenue, Stadnitski avenue, and Schim- melpenninck avenue; but now known by the more English sounding names of Erie stree Churcht, street, and Niagara street. This ground com- prised one hundred acres, and had a semi-circular boundary in the central part of the western side, as was well said, like a mighty bay window. Here. Mr. Ellicott expected to build his palace, and en- joy his look-out over the great avenues, after they should be lined with splendid buildings, and be the marts of trade or the abodes of fashion. All this was done in 1803, when there were only about thirty-five families in the village, and ex- hibits either a most extraordinary foresight in Elli- cott or else something akin to insanity. In 1S09 the town authorities ordered the straight- ening of Main street by the removal of Ellicott's "bay window." He had begun to gather mate- rials for a grand mansion on that spot, but when they took away his semi-circle he gave up the project. In 1 82 1 Ellicott resigned his agency of the Hol- land Co., after holding the position for twenty-one years. He had been for many years the most in- fluential man in western New York; but now after leaving office he became a hypochondriac, and in 1826 committed suicide. CHAPTER III. In 1807 the county seat was fixed at "Buffalo or New Amsterdam," provided the Holland Com- pany should in three years erect a suitable Court House and Jail, and should convey to the county at least half an acre of ground on which they should stand. The legislature and people appear to have had a lively sense of the use of great companies of land owners, and very properly made them pay for im- provements which would inure principally to their benefit. Of course the placing of the county seat on their grounds, they being the owners of nearly all the land within a radius of many miles, was a boon which was worth something, and the com- pany rightly so viewed it, for they accepted the proposition, and in 1809 they put up a frame court house and a stone jail, on Washington street, (then Onondaga,) directly in front of what is now known as the old court house, and gave the half acre of ground. The judges of the county were required to examine the buildings, and, if satisfied, to make and record in the county clerk's office their certifi- cate that the conditions had been complied with. It was also provided by the act that the first court of common pleas and general sessions should be held at the house of Joseph Landon — a public house on the site of the present Mansion House — and afterwards, until the court house should be erected, at such places as the judges of the county should direct. Three terms annually of the com- mon pleas and two of the general sessions; and in order to give time for the court of sessions, it was BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. enacted that the two terms of the common pleas, (all of which were to be held on Tuesday,) might be extended till Saturday following. The conveyance of the property to the supervis- ors of the county is dated November 21, 1S10. The land conveyed was a circle, the centre of which was in Washington street. As Mr. Ellicott was chief of the company's surveyors we must of course give him credit for whatever may be his due for this brilliant idea. [By the way, we remember, about fifty years ago, of seeing the plan of an entire town, which had been designed by a German preacher, of the name of K'urtz, who had some communistic idea which he intended to put into force, when he should get sufficient followers. The proposition of the reverend gentleman was, to build a town in the then new country of Ohio, and his entire plan was embraced in a grand Circle A small circle was placed in the centre of the great one, whereon was to be built the church, then all the streets were to radiate from this central hub, at equal distances, like the spokes of a wheel, and these again, were to be intersected by circular streets, at regular intervals. A vast number of angles which were not right angles was the consequence, but what of that ? — the figure would be preserved, al- though universal inconvenience would follow The- ■ iritis are so unreasonable.] „ As the jail built by the Holland company was of stone, it survived the burning of Buffalo by the British, on the 30th of Dec. 1813; although we are unable to say what was its fate finally. About the first person that made his way to Erie county with the distinct object of there plant- ing himself, and making a permanent home for his family, was Asa Ransom, an intelligent young man and stout of nerve, by trade a silversmith, with his wife and young daughter, in 1796. He came to the village of Lake Erie, and after building him- self a log house went to work and made silver orna- ments, such as brooches, earrings, &c, for the Indians. He was the first man to bring into Erie county the habits of civilized life, and made his mark in future years. After living at the hamlet fur three years he availed himself of an offer by the Holland Company, and took up a lot of ground on lung time and without interest, at Clarence Hol- low; the condition being that he should keep a tavern. This was the first settlement made with the posi- tive view of acquiring title to the ground, all form- er ones having been made by mere squatters on the Indian lands. This same year Mr. Ransom began to raise crops, which was a new thing in that region, lie became known as a man of worth, and two years after his removal to Clarence Hollow, was commissioned a justice of the peace, by Gov. (leorge Clinton; being the first white man that ever held a civil appointment in the present county of Erie. By the year 1807 he had become so local- ly famous as to be chosen lieutenant-colonel of a militia regiment, with Sylvanus Mabee as one of the majors. Some military dispute having soon after occurred between them, the major had the audacity to challenge Ransom to mortal combat. For this infraction of discipline the colonel, like a sensible man, put the righting major under arrest, and a court martial soon after cashiered him. This so disgusted Mabee that it appears he left for parts unknown, no further record of him occurring in the village annals. In 180S Mr. Ransom was appointed sheriff, which turned his attention away from military mat- ters, and he resigned his lieutenant-colonelcy.. Again, in 1812, he was re-appointed to the office. We can find no further record of him except that he was once more appointed to till that office, from which we infer that he was found to be an honest and capable man, and one that largely helped to give that high tone to society which Buffalo now worthily sustains. About ten years before the period above advert- ed to the population consisted of some thirty-five families. And there were young people there, who must have their amusements, as they have the world over. These were necessarily of the prudent kind, for there was neither cultivation nor wealth among them. The long winters brought much snow, and ox-sleds, for want of something better, were brought into requisition frequently, the young folks joyously nestling down in those roomy vehi- cles, while driving from house to house. The fiddle was also made to do duty at many a festive gathering, where the dance was both fast and furi- ous. Doubtless the young then amused them- selves fully as well as the more refined and fastidi- ous now do. Buffalo had not a single church building so late as 1S16, religious meetings being held at rare inter- vals in private dwellings or in school houses, and, as preachers seldom visited the place the sen-ices, were conducted by laymen, conspicuous among whom was Dr. Chapin. He was a highly import- ant accession to the little village. So early as 1801 Doctor Cyrenius Chapin, a physician, then about thirty years of age, and living in Oneida county, came to Buffalo, to examine the locality, and being well pleased with it, on his return home induced forty citizens to unite with him for tl e purpose of buying the whole township at the mouihof Buffalo creek. Mr. Ellicott having however fixed upon that spot for his future city, the project of the Dr. fell through. Although unsuccessful in this affair, Dr. Chapin did not lose faith in the place, for two years later he removed here with his family, and is believed to have been the first physician that ever practiced in Erie county. He was the very man for a new- country: full of energy and bravery, generous, but self-confident perhaps to rashness, he always felt he was right, and the right always made him strong. Although a man of his stamp will necessa- rily make many enemies he will always have a warm following. His good-will to man led him to. take a prominent part in every needful work, and it was all the same to him whether the business in hand was religious services for the living or officiat- ing for the dead; furnishing house room for a danc- ing school or taking charge of anything else condu- cive to the comfort or amusement of his neighbors. So act ire was he in all things that an irreverent youth once said the Dr. "did the praying and swearing for the whole community." I >r. Chapin retained his hi^h position through all the vicissitudes of Buffalo's early years, and at the breaking out of hostilities with England, in 1812, took strong grounds against the British, and by common consent took the lead so far as that town was concerned. Now that the war actually exist- BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. ed, he doffed his civil pursuits and volunteered to serve his country at the cannon's mouth. A bold project to cut out two of the enemy's armed ves- sels, which were lying at anchor near Fort Erie, was arranged, and at about one o'clock on the morning of Oct gth, 1812, three boats put out from this side, one of which was commanded by the Dr., and stealthily feeling their way to the enemy's ships, all three boats' crews boarded them almost at the same instant, and after a sharp conflict, which, however, was of short duration, (but in which two of our men were killed and rive wound- ed, ) both vessels were taken, with seventy-one offi- cers and men, besides which about forty American prisoners were released, who had been captured at the river Raisin, and were on the way to Quebec. This brilliant achievement showed that Dr. Cha- pin's high position in the affections of t lhe people was fully deserved. In 1S13 he filled the office of sheriff for a short time, but soon being commissioned by the gover- nor a lieutenant-colonel, he resigned his civil office. In May of this year, when our fleet appeared off Fort George, the enemy immediately evacuated it, and a force from this side under Gen. Lewis cross- ed and took possession. According to the Buffalo Gazette "Dr. Chapin, of this village, was in the vanguard." In October of the next year we read that Col. Chapin had an all-day skirmish with some British outposts, near Fort George, when he claimed to have killed eighteen of the enemy. On the 24th of the same month Harrison and Perry, with their victorious army and fleet, came down the lake to Buffalo, and on the following day the Buffalonians gave a grand dinner to the command- ers; Chapin of course being at the head of the committee of arrangements, and he was also one of the vice-presidents at the banquet. On the 7th of December, Gen. McClure sent out an expedi- tion along the south shore of lake Ontario, with Col. Chapin in command of the advance. But a black day for Buffalo was now near at hand; no less than the destruction of the entire town by the brand of the enemy. When rumors of the advance of the British reached here, a heterogeneous force of nearly two thousand militia was sent forward, to dispute their way. In order to head off the invader they ap- proached him in the night, but of course were un- able to stand up against the British regulars. They fled, and scattered in every direction. Col. Cha- pin, who had been in command of some mounted militia, hastened back to the town, to make such defence as was possible. An old twelve pounder was manned on a pair of truck wheels, and as the enemy was seen advancing several shots were fired into them; but the gun was soon dismounted, and then Chapin, with a white handkerchief attached to a cane, advanced and asked a halt, which being granted, a parley ensued. As he had no hopes of procuring any sort of capitulation, he claimed after- wards that what he did was merely for the purpose of gaining time, for the people to escape. The town of Buffalo was set on fire, and Cha- pin was taken prisoner to Canada, where he lan- guished for more than a year. Before setting out to meet the enemy he had instructed his two daughters aged nine and eleven years, to take care ol themselves, and make their way to his ,farm in Hamburg ten miles distant. This they actually accomplished, making the whole ten miles on foot, through the December snow. In the lapse of time the town emerged from its ashes, and slowly progressed in population, with, of course, Dr. Chapin as one of its foremost men. In 1819 he was made president of an agricultural society, which indicates that his neighbors had full confidence in his capacity in that line. It is notice- able by the premiums offered at their fair that weaving was one of the arts devolving at that time upon farmers' families — $10 being offered for the best fifteen yards of woolen cloth "made in the family;" $6 for the best worsted cloth, and $6 for the best fine linen, each to be "made in the fami- iy." The Dr. still was foremost in all public matters, and when in the winter of 1837-8 the Canadian re- bellion broke out, the people of Buffalo, like all the population on the American side, took a lively interest in its progress, even to the extent of lend- ing a helping-hand to the rebels. Dr. Chapin, who was then an old man, was all alive in the matter, making speeches at the meetings of the sympa- thizers. The life so long devoted to what he be- lieved to be the right, whether in peace or war, was now, however, drawing to a close, for in the following February his lamp went out; and his body was consigned to the grave, attended by a vast concourse, who, notwithstanding they may have opposed him in life, could do no less than shed a tear to the memory of a good man, and one of the founders of the city. CHAPTER IV. That there was at length some vigor showing it- self in the town is well indicated by the establish- ment of a newspaper. As a town is nothing with- out its public press so does it soon begin to show capabilities for everything after it begins to crave its newspaper. The Buffalo Gazette was com- menced in Oct., 1811, (a file of which is now in possession of the Young Men's Association.) Although some abortive attempts at public schools had been made so early as 1806 or '7, it was not until after the appearance of the paper that things were gotten into shape, and moved steadily onward and upward, until they reached the admirable system of schools which have pre- vailed now for forty years, and under which the present generation has acquired that intellectual spirit which shows itself in constantly devising the most liberal things for the benefit of the city. Of one of those who had some connection with the schools of Buffalo, nearly sixty years ago, as a teacher, we now proceed to give an outline; and it may not be amiss to say that as a city's progress must be largely influenced by the character of its representative men, there is perhaps no place that has been more fortunate in this respect than Buf- falo. We note the arrival of a young man, in 1822, from Cayuga county, by the name of Millard Fill- more. After passing his boyhood on a back- woods farm, he had learned the trade of a cloth- ier. This occupation pot suiting the youth, whose aspirations pointed to a professional life, he BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. got some assistance from a lawyer, while he yet j followed his trade; but his father and two of his uncles about that time removing to Erie county, Millard soon after followed, and completed his law studies in Buffalo, teaching school during the win- ter, part of the time at Cold Spring, and part in the old Mullett house, then standing near the cor- ner of Main and Genesee streets. He was con- sidered so promising a young man at that time that some thought he might eventually become a Member of Assembly! In 1828 this actually hap- pened, he being elected by the anti-masons; and the following year he was re-elected, having al- ready exhibited great talent and industry. During the summer, as the business of a lawyer was perhaps not very large in the village, Mr. Fillmore used to give part of his time to survey- ing. Indeed it is very probable that his labors with compass and theodolite were greater than those of a forensic character. In 1830 young Fill- more was chosen for the third time to the Assem- bly. Two years afterwards his fame and ability had become so widely known that he was elected to represent the thirtieth district of New York in Congress, and in 1S35 he was again chosen. Although Mr. Fillmore was by no means emi- nent as an orator, he yet possessed many of the qualities necessary to the successful legislator. A steady perseverance, added to sound judgment, and an enlightened reason, were his characteris- tics. In 1838 Mr. Fillmore was, for the third time, elected to Congress, and two years later he went back to Washington, in the same capacity, for the fourth time. During this last term he was chair- man of the most important committee of the House, (Ways and Means,) and discharged* its duties with great credit. John Quincy Adams said of him, in 1842, "he was one of the ablest, most faithful, and fairest-minded men with whom it has ever been my lot to serve in public life." In 1S47 Mr. Fillmore was elected to the highly honorable and responsible position of Controller of the State; and in 1849 he was nominated by the national convention of the Whig party as their can- didate for Vice-President, on the ticket headed by Gen. Taylor. They were elected, and Taylor dying in the following July. Mr. Fillmore became President of the United States, at the age of fifty years. In the formation of his cabinet, the new Presi- dent chose Mr. Hall, one of the partners in the former law firm of Fillmore, Hall & Haven, as his Post-Master General. Mr. Haven was, at the next congressional election, chosen to represent his dis- trict in Congress — thus all three members of the firm were again united, in Washington City. After Mr. Fillmore's presidential term closed he retired to private life, from which he did not emerge until the clangor of arms, in 1S61, shocked the nation. Being then too old for active duty in the field, he was chosen Captain of a company, numbering nearly a hundred men, of the promi- nent elderly citizens of Buffalo, who took the name of " Union Continental-.," and whose duty it was to serve as home guards. This honorable office was the last but one, namely, the Presidency of the "buffalo Historical Society," which his con- stituents bestowed upon him; and we have reason to think that he carried into that position the same patriotic and conscientious desire to do what was right as actuated him throughout his life; reflect- ing honor upon the city which had so long sus- tained him. He died March 8th, 1S75. In giving a historical sketch of Buffalo, we must not omit to mention one man who, although in the end he proved to be the evil genius of the place, yet for years was reputed one of the most enlight- ened and liberal of men; constantly devising some new improvement, which in the aggregate involved the expenditure of vast sums of money, and the employment of thousands of mechanics and la- borers. We well remember, half a century ago, of seeing the card of a hotel keeper in Buffalo, engraved in the highest style of the art, and on quite a large scale, indicating the expenditure of several hun- dred dollars for the engraving alone, as it was done on copper. With great admiration we used to ex- amine that card, and set down the man who kept the hotel as one of the great men of the land. We lived several hundred miles distant at the time, and in another state, but time after time we heard of Benjamin Rathbun, for that was the name of mine host of the "Eagle Tavern," and of his great enterprise, his vast speculations in lands, and of his building projects, some of which far overtopped any thing of the present day. He was a man who lived at least fifty years too soon. The gold mines which alone could have yielded treasure in sufficient abundance to meet the wants of such a genius, had not yet been discovered. One of his buildings, of which he actually laid the foundation, was a vast Hotel and Exchange, (on the very spot that Joseph Ellicott had reserved for himself, whereon to erect his mansion, at the time of laying out the town,) which was to occupv the whole square between Main, North and South Division and Washington streets, the rotunda of which was to be two hundred and sixty feet high ! This hotel was to stand opposite the churches, where the three grand avenues, Erie, Church and Niagara streets, give a character of imperial mag- nificence to the view. Rathbun also laid out a great city at Niagara Falls, the lots of which were to be sold at auction, the sale to continue as many days as might be necessary to dispose of them all. This was in 1836, when the flush times were at their height, but in the midst of the sale he was arrested on the charge of committing some stupendous forgeries, on a Philadelphia capitalist. When confronted by his victim he confessed that those were not a tithe of what he had perpetrated. He had been going on for years in this business, taking up one set of forged notes as they became due, by the substitution of another set of forged notes. All his building projects were immediately dropped, but the workmen received their pay, though it ab- sorbed nearly the whole of the assets of the estate. Rathbun was brought to trial, convicted, and sentenced to five years in the State Prison. After serving his full time, he took up his old business of hotel keeping, in New York city, and again be- came comparatively a rich man. The panic in Buffalo, occasioned by the disas- trous termination of Rathbun 's enterprises, and the destruction of confidence between man and man, brought on a condition of "hard times" in that city without a patallel either before or since- — BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. conform to the state of the roads. The Postmaster should employ others until he could inform Gray, the contractor, and then him ' if reasonable, of sufficient energy, and un- doubted patriotism.' " It may almost be said that Buffalo was built within the last fifty-five years, for although it had struggled along for nearly a quarter of a century previously, there was hardly any progress. But from the day the gates were opened to the min- gling of the waters from east and west all was changed. In the lapse of no long time the mighty flow of commerce that rolled through the city was amazing. All the agricultural products of the west and north-west appeared to seek egress through the Grand Canal, and unbounded prosperity was the lot of Buffalo. CITY OF BUFFALO. The City was chartered in 1832, with five wards; and a Common Council, consisting of two mem- bers from each Ward. The Council elected the Mayor, until 1840, since which time he has been elected by the people. The Mayor acted as President of the Council, and so continued until 1853, at which date the Charter was revised, Black Rock annexed, and the 1 louncil empowered to elect one of their own body as President. The City being then greatly en- larged, was re-districted, and divided into thirteen Wards, with two members of Council from each, said members being the Aldermen of the City. It is remarkable that for a period of eighteen years, from 1832 till 1840, no Mayor was ever re- elected for the year succeeding his first election, although there are several instances of his re-elec- tion after an interval of one or more years. The revised Charter lengthens the Mayor's term to two years; and one incumbent, namely, Alexander Brush, who was first placed in that position in 1370, was re-elected in 1872 — and now, after an interval of three terms, has for the third time been called by the people to preside over the city's af- fairs. Owing to the large German population of the City, the revised Charter empowers it to expend annually a sum not exceeding $2, 500, in publishing, through the German newspapers, such matters as it may deem necessary THE NEW CITY GOVERNMENT. The sweeping changes made by the people in the offices of the City Government, at the last election, went into effect on the first Monday in January, when the new officers assumed their respective po- sitions. The Common Council is composed as follows: First Ward — John White, Wm, Walsh. Second Ward — R. R. Hefford, Milton E. Beebe. Third Ward — John Higham, George W. Pat- ridge. Fourth Ward — August Beck, John A. Miller. Fifth Ward — Lyman A. Daniels, Jacob Bensin- ger. Sixth Ward — Louis Knell, Gerhard Lang. Seventh Ward — George F. Christ, August M. Witte. Eighth Ward — Thomas Collins, John Quinh. Ninth Ward — George E. Matteson, Frank Wil- liams. Tenth Ward — Merritt Nichols, Thomas S. Kay. Eleventh Ward — Marcus M. Drake, R. Porter Lee. Twelfth Ward — John Esser, John C. Hanbach. Thirteenth Ward — Wm. H. Little, Henry H. Twitched. The officers of the City Government elected for 1S80, and their appointments, are as follows: mayor's office. Mayor — Alexander Brush. Clerk — E. S. Hawley. city-attorney's office. City-Attorney — Edward C. Hawks. Deputy City-Attorney — James C. Fullerton. Clerk — George Sheldon 11 rY-ENGINEER'S OFFICE. Engineer— Jasper S. Young. Deputy — L. H. Knapp. Clerk — David Shepherd. city-treasurer's office. City-Treasurer — Joseph Ball. Deputy — Henry W. Burt. Cashier — Henry A. Menker. Bookkeeper — Frank Beck. Clerk — James Carmichael. BUFFALO AND FN VI RONS. STREET DEPARTMENT. Street-Commissioner — Michael Magher. Deputy — John A. Mooney. Clerk — Jacob Hannel. TOORMASTER'S OFFICE. Overseer of the Poor — Henry T. Kraft. Deputy — John Zoll. The other officers chosen in November are the Comptroller, John C. Sheehan, re-elected; Super- intendent of Education, Christopher G. Fox, re- elected; Assessor, John Fullerton, re-elected; and justice of the Peace, John O'Brian, re-elected. The Common Council re-elected as City Clerk, W. P. Burns. The official term of the following City Supervi- sors began in January last: First Ward — Hugh Hogan. Second Ward — Charles A. Butman. Third Ward — W. H. Carney. Fourth Ward — Daniel H. Person. Fifth Ward — Edgar A. Forsyth. Sixth Ward — Wm. Schier. Seventh Ward — Peter Wohlers. Eighth Ward — Charles Flanigan. Ninth Ward — Robert K. Smither. Tenth Ward — James S. Murphy. Eleventh Ward — Robert Leighton. Twelfth Ward — John Mang. We had cut out of one of the city papers, for insertion, what purported to be a correct detailed statement of the number of marriages, births and deaths, for each of the eleven months down to and including November last. After some trouble we then procured the respective numbers for the month of December; but on adding up the col- umns we found all of them incorrect, when com- pared with the totals for the year, as given by His Honor the Mayor, in his message to the Council. We now therefore give the correct aggregates as he stated them, and as compared with the preceding year. It will be seen that while both marriages and births are in excess of 1878, the deaths are less, which is gratifying: Marriages. Births. Deaths. J878 005 3*729 2,128 1879. 1,024 4,° 2 3 2,068 The following statistical and other items, which we find in Mayor Brush's message to the Com- mon Council, at their first meeting this year, will be found of great interest: comptroller's department. It appears from memoranda furnished by the Comptroller that The Funded Debt of the City was on the first of January, 1879 $3,930,250 00 Paid on the 15th of March, 1879, Central School bonds. $31,000 00 Paid on the 1st of September, 1879, Jamestown Railroad bonds 75,000 00 106,000 00 $3,824,250 00 Added on 25th of April, 1879, bonds issued to redeem Water Bonds due on the 1st of May, 1879 100,000 00 Added on the 25th of August, 1879, bonds is- sued to redeem Jamestown Railroad bonds due on the 1st of September, 1879 75,00000 Outstanding on the 1st of January, 1880 $3,909,250 00 Increase of Funded Debt during 1879 69,000 00 The Water Bonds outstanding on the 1st of January, 1879 2,879,382 Paid on the 1st of May, 1879, Water Works purchase bonds 100,000 Outstanding on the 1st of January, 1880 $2,779,382 00 Decrease during the year 100,000 00 Tax Loan bonds, issued in purchase, made by the City at tax sales of 1874, 5, 6, 7 and 8, outstanding January 1, 1879 — 704.632 72 Paid on bonds issued on the 1st of July, 1874.. $30,000 00 Paid on bonds issued on the 1st of July, 1875 38,000 00 Paid on bonds issued on the 1st of July, 1876 50,000 00 Paid on bonds issued on the 1st of July, 1877 58,38218 176,38218 Leaving $528,250 54 Add 1st of July, 1879, bonds issued in payment of purchases at tax sale, 1879 -- I 75, 2 5 I 3° Outstanding on the 1st of January, 1880 $703,501 Decrease - $1,1 30 Recapitulation. Funded Debt bonds $3,999,250 Water Works bonds 2,779,332 Tax Loan bonds 703,501 Total indebtedness on the 1st of January, 1880. $7,482, 133 84 Deduct amount applicable to the payment of Park bonds, viz.: Buffalo City registered bonds in the hands of the Comptroller ..$50,000 00 Cash in the Treasury . !5,937 88 65,937 88 Leaving $7,416,195 96 treasurer's department. City Treasurer's statement from January 1st, 1879, to December 22d, 1879: Balance $339, 3 8 ° 99 Water Commissioners 194,70000 Bork's Deficiency Fund I 5, I 44 86 State School Appropriation 80,003 13 Taxes collected by Comptroller and Collectors - 264,967 46 Proceeds of premiums and inter- est on Water Bonds — Proceeds of Tax Loan F'nd B'nds J. Roesch, Market Rents S. Scheu, Licenses Interest on Bank Deposits T. King, Police Justice Interest B., N. Y. & P. R. R.--. Rents, Park Commissioners Tax Sale Loan Fund Various Sources — Amount of Taxes Received Proceeds Bonds issued Aug. 25/79 Sinking Fund Bonds — Refunding Fraud Aid •- — Awards for Lands Literature Fund... — Fines collected, City Suits Soldiers and Sailors Monument.. Reimbursing overdrafts, 1878 Orders Paid, Cancelled and Re- turned to Comptroller Balance on hand - 1,338 33 178,497 06 8,340 16 5,529 20 13,821 99 2,354 So 602 00 1,900 00 175,251 30 260 97 1,137,739 4& 79,920 00 1,25° 00 ! 37 40 2,187 77 2,007 28 5° 00 i<;,ooo 00 5,185 65 2,525,629 5 1 $2 ,099 24S 26 426,384 25 $2 ,525 629 5' engineer s department. Items of general interest taken from the records of this Department: Miles. The City has streets paved with wood 4.53 do do do asphalt 757 do do do stone 89.023 do formed in Park roads 15 do recorded and opened besides above . Total 94.46 235.02 529.48 UUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. Sewers built and under contract 96.32 Receivers constructed and in use !,3°8 House numbers given out and recorded to i>t of January, 1879 ..23,324 House numbers given out and recorded in 1879 361 23.685 Lamp posts set and in use to 1st of January, 1879 --- 4,869 do set and in use during 1879 . . 72 4.938 The work done under this Department during 1S79 is indicated by the following figures: New II 'orks. Miles. Cost. Pavement laid down -.1.55 $42,154 00 Repavement with stone and asphalt 1.73 63,588 75 New sewers constructed 1.87 14,921 58 New sewers constructed by private parties — .66 36 receivers constructed 3,823 84 3 stone sidewalks. — 265 76 17 stone crosswalks . J ,45o 96 I stone culvert 599 00 II tests pits dug — 204 64 41,245 yards dredging done 4,106 72 4 new bridges built 4,952 00 $136,067 25 Repairs on bridges, streets, sewers, receivers, culverts, stone side and crosswalk.-. 15,184 45 Supplies, general and miscellaneous 15630 $151,378 00 Of this amount there was paid out of the General Fund $21,319 37 Leaving assessed and to be assess- ed on lands deemed benefited.. 130,048 63 $151,378 00 POOR DEPARTMENT. The following lists will give an idea of the im- portance of a non-partisan, economical and careful administration of this very expensive department, the most burdensome of all the branches of the City's work, since in a pecuniary point of view it is all expense without any corresponding return. The whole account must go to the debtor's side of Profit and Loss in the general balance of Burdens and Benefits in the City Government. The time covered is from October I, 187S, to October 1, 1S79. Temporary or "out-door" relief has been afforded as follows: Families Individuals Nationality. reliez'ed. relieved, Ireland 506 1 ,834 Germany 505 2,012 America 302 1,050 Colored 26 80 England 106 284 Canada 53 203 Poland 31 161 Scotland -. 21 84 France 17 55 Switzerland 9 28 Holland 3 9 Denmark 1 9 Italy 2 8 Finland .... 1 3 Spain 1 5 Wales 1 4 West Indies. 1 3 Sweden 1 3 Portugal 1 7 Total 1589 5842 The cost of out-door relief has been as follows: For Supplies — Groceries $31,912 00 Wood 2,353 84 Coal 6,007 °6 Shoes 1,12864 Sundries 95 00 — $41,496 54 Expenses — Burials, 302 at $10 3, >-"' »j Transportation to hospi- tals 35000 Hospital charges 24,4,7 7<> — $27,707 76 Salaries — Overseer and clerks 5,600 00 Ten physicians 3,40000 One janitor 120 00 — 9,120 00 otal $78,324 3* CITY ATTORNEY DEPARTMENT. Number of causes in which the city was inter- ested for the year 1S79: Superior Court. Tried 26 Resulting in favor of city 25 Resulting against city _ 1 Argued at Special Term 4 Decided in favor of city 4 Argued at General Term 1 Decided in favor of city 1 Pending at Trial Term 41 Pending on appeal — 2 Supreme Court. Tried 7 Resulting in favor of city 6 Resulting against city 1 Argued at General Term — Pending at General 'Term 1 Pending at Special Term - 55 County Court. Tried...... 3 Resulting in favor of city 4 Resulting against city ... 4 Pending - 3 Court 0/ Appeals. Argued . 2 Decided in favor of city 2 Pending - 4 Reeap it illation. Total number of suitstried and argued 47 Decided in favor of city 41 Decided against city 6 47 Amount involved in suits tried and decided. .$51,000 00 Amount of verdicts recovered *,334 65 THE PARKS. The. work on the parks during the past year has been confined, in addition to the usual mainte- nance work, to the completion of improvements left in an unfinished condition at the close of the previous year, embracing the work on the road- ways of Fillmore avenue, Humboldt, Lincoln, Chapin, and Bidwell parkways, and the comple- tion of the Parade House; including in all an ex- penditure of $14,294.47, practically exhausting the Improvement Fund, The expenditure for the year for maintenance has been $19,990.47 out of the appropriation of $20,000 made by the Council for that purpose. A report in detail of these expenditures will be pre- sented to your Honorable Body at an early day. The Parade House was completed about the 1st of May last and was leased to Mr. Louis H. Buehl, who has opened and conducted it in a man- ner satisfactory to the Board of Park Commission- ers, and it is believed to the public. The Parade has had its full share of visitors during the season. The extension of the Street Railway track to the Park during the past year has brought these pleasure grounds within reach of all classes of our people, and from the day the cars commenced run- ning to the Park it has been thronged with happy groups who thoroughly enjoyed the privilege oi occupying its groves and sailing on its waters. Provision should however be made for a cheap but tasty structure in the picnic grove, as a resort for ladies and children in case of the occurrence of sudden showers. During the month of August over ten thousand BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS persons visited this portion of the Park by the Street Railway alone. All the driveways, with the exception of "The Avenue," have been placed in a condition for use during all seasons, the proper care and mainte- nance of which, in addition to that which should be bestowed on the ground and structures, will naturally require increased expenditure for mainte- nance, and I entertain no doubt that any reasona- ble request of the Board of Park Commissioners will be met in a proper spirit by your Honorable Body. CHAPTER VII. SOCIETIES, CHURCHES, HOSPITALS, CLUBS, &C. The Buffalonians are a remarkably gregarious people. They organize themselves into Societies of every sort; for the support of hospitals, infirma- ries, asylums; for benevolent, masonic, Odd-fel- lows, and a great variety of other social and useful purposes; and thus keep themselves well preserved against the rusting influences of selfishness and asceticism. We are confident that no large city in the world can show a larger number of societies of all kinds, in proportion to its population; and these are irre- spective of the religious or church organizations. When we count up the number of churches and add them to the grand total of associations for the ad- vantage of the people — all voluntary associations — the number becomes really amazing. We write this not as a citizen of the place, for we are not and never have been, but as having the knowledge of it forced upon us while seeking the necessary information for the completion of our historical and statistical account of the city. We give below a list of all the societies and churches Baptist- Catholic- CHURCHES. Emmanuel. Free. Prospect Chapel. Prospect Avenue. Clflar Street. Washington Street. First German. Second German. Third German. Dearborn Street. Michigan Street. (Colored.) Olivet. Jefferson Street Mission, St. Joseph's Cathedral. St. Bridget's. St. Patrick's. Immaculate Conception. Holy Angels. St. Louis. (German.) St. Boniface. (German.) St. Mary's. (German.) St. Michael's. (German.) St. Anne's. (German.) St. Peter's. (French. ) Catholic — Si. Vincent's. Si. John the Baptist. Si. Francis Xavier. (German.) Church of the Seven 1 >olors. St. Stanislaus. (Polish.) St. Nicholas. St. Patrick's. Church of the Sacred Heart. St. Stephen's. St. Joseph's. Episcopal — " St. Paul's. St. John's. " Trinity. Church of the Ascension. " Christ. " St. Luke's. " St. James'. St: Philip's. (Colored.) ' ' Grace. St. Mary's-on-the-Hill. All Saints'. " St. Paul's Free Chapel. Jewish Synagogues — Temple Beth Zion. Bethel Synagogue. " Brith Shobam. German Lutheran Trinity. St. Andreas. First German Evangelical Lutheran Trinity. Evangelical Lutheran St. John's. German United St. Paul's Evangelical. Emmanuel Lutheran Church. German St. Lucas. First Church of the Evangelical Association. St. Paul's Evangelical Association. German Evangelical, St. Peter's. German Evangelical. German Protestant Evangelical, St. Stephen's. United Evangelical, St. John's. German Evangelical Reformed, Zion's. Second Evangelical Association. Evangelical Reformed, Salem's. German Evangelical Protestant, St. Jacobus'. Evangelical, St. Matthew's. First French Protestant. German United Evangelical, St. Marcus'. Church of Christ. First Reformed Church of Buffalo. (Hollanders.) High Street Mission and Benevolent Society. Friends' Meeting House. Lutheran Dreifaltigkeits. Methodist — " Asbury. , " Delaware Avenue. " Eagle Street. " Glenwood Avenue M. E. (Mission.) " Grace. " Plymouth. " Riverside. " St. Mark's. " Woodside. Buffalo Plains M. E. (Mission.) " First Free Methodist. " Second Free Methodist, (Mission.) " First German. " Second German. First A. M. F. Church. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. Presbyterian — " First. " Central. " Lafayette Street. North. " Calvary. " Westminster. " Breckenridge Street. East. " We>t Side. " United. " Cold Spring Union Chapel. Wells Street. First Unitarian. Church of the Messiah. (Universalist.) Universalist S. S. Mission. SOCIETIES. Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. Buffalo Fine Arts Academy. Microscopical Club. Buffalo Historical Society. Law Library for the Eighth T udicial District. Buffalo Bar Association. Buffalo Grover Law Club Young Men's Association Lutheran Young Men's Association. Young Men's Christian " Buffalo Sunday School German Young Men's " Young Men's Catholic " Catholic Union, Circle of Buffalo. Buffalo Catholic Institute. Buffalo Driving Park. Buffalo International Poultry Association. Typographical Union, No. 9. St. Andrew's Society. Buffalo Athletic Club. Mechanics' Institute. Masonic Life Asssciation. Lincoln Birthday Association. L. B. A. "Alternate." Annex. — Lincoln Memorial Museum. Buffalo Base Ball Association. Buffalo Turnverein. Eighth District Dental Society. Buffalo Dental Association. The Original Buffalo Society fur the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Marine Engineers. Scottish Provident Association and Building Society. The Scottish Society. Ladies' Monumental Association. Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Hercules Athletic Club. "Woman's Temperance Union. German St. Paul's Young Men's Association. German Young Men's Association of the Evan. Luth. St. John's Church. Church Guild of Buffalo. Butchers' Association. Brewers' Association. Builders' Association of the City of Buffalo. Guard of Honor. German-American Benevolent Society. Knights of St. George of St. Mary's Church. Hebrew Union Benevolent Association. Unitarian Aid Societv. United Evangelical St. Stephen's Benevolent Society. United Evangelical St. Stephens Benevolent Society, No. 2. Machinists' and Blacksmiths Benevolent Asso- ciation. Ladies' Hospital Association. Firemen's Benevolent Association. Woman's Christian Association. Charity Organization Society. German Evangelical Church Home. Church Charity Foundation. St. Joseph's Benevolent Society. St. Alphonsus Benevolent Society. St. Bridget's T. A. B. Society. Orpheus Singing Society. Deutscher Saengerbund. The Liedertafel. Maennerchor Society. Buffalo Choral Union. Harugari Maennerchor. Frohsinn, O. D. F. Harmonie Singing Society. Helvetia Society. FREE .MASONS. Hiram, No. 105. Concordia, No. 143. Erie, No. 161. Washington, No. 240. Parish, No. 292. Modestia, No. 340. Queen City, No. 358. The Ancient Landmarks, No. 441. DeMolay, No. 498. Harmonie, No. 699. Occidental, No. 766. Buffalo Chapter, No. 71. Keystone Chapter, No. 163. Adytum Chapter, No. 235. Germania Chapter, No. 256. Buffalo Council Royal and Select Masters, No. 1 7. Keystone Council, No. 20. Hugh De Payens Commandery, No. 30. Lake Erie Commandery of Knights Templar, No. 20. Palmoni Lodge of Perfection — 14th Degree A. A. R. Palmoni Council of Princes of Jemisaleni — 16th Degree A. A. R. Masonic Board of Relief. German Masonic Benevolent Association. I. O. OK ODD FELLOWS. Niagara Lodge, No. 25. Buffalo Lodge, No. 37. Red jacket Lodge, No. 23S. Hesper Lodge, No. 365. New Era Lodge, No. 410. Northern Star Lodge, No. 458. Erie Degree Lodge, No. 3. Esther Rebekah Degree Lodge, No. 3. Walhalla Lodge, No. 91. Odin Lodge, No. 178. Concordia Lodge, No. 187. < lerman Bundes Lodge, No. 190. < Oriental Lodge, No. 224. East Buffalo Lodge, No. 3 = 5. Lake Erie Lodge, No. 435. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. «3 ENCAMPMENTS. Mount Vernon Encampment, No. 8, Stuttgart Encampment. No. 70. Odd Fellows' Benevolent Association. Erie District Board of Relief. GOOD TEMPLARS. Temperance Union Prayer Meeting. Buffalo Central, No. 573. Samaritan Juvenile Temple. Buffalo Central J. T. No. 13 1. Riverside, No. 490. ROYAL TEMPLARS OF TEMPERANCE. Central Council, No. 1. Prospect, No. 2. Red Jacket, No. 4. Frontier, No. 10. Fidelity, No. II. Hope, No. 19. Advance, No. 25. Protection, No. 38. Keystone, No. 52. Queen City, No. 55. Anchor, No. 88. SONS OF TEMPERANCE. Buffalo Star Division, No. 1. Rescue Division, No. 44. Buffalo Division, No. 66. Lake Erie Division, No. 189. Erie Railway Temperance Association. ANCIENT ORDER OF GOOD FELLOWS. Jackson Lodge, No. 6, Copernicus Lodge, No. 45. German Oak Lodge, No. 50. Buffalo Encampment. HARUGARI. Erie County Lodge of the Harugari. Ludwig Lodge, Order of Harugari. Cherusker Lodge. Robert Blum Lodge. Buffalo Lodge. Goethe Lodge. Buffalo Plains Lodge. Locki Lodge. Baldur Lodge. Black Rock Lodge. Harugari Life Insurance Company of Western New York. ORDEN DER FREIHEIT. The Grand Lodge of the United States. DRUIDS, U. A. O. D Lake Erie Grove, No. 30. Buffalo Grove, No. 8. Queen City Grove, No. 10. Oak Grove, No. 14. East Buffalo Grove, No. 28. Van Hutten Grove, No. 29. KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. Eagle Lodge, No. 69. Triangle Lodge, No. 92. Acme Lodge, No. 137. Union Lodge, No. 139. Custer Lodge, No. 145. Endowment Rank K. of P. Unknown Social Club. Knights of Malta. KNIGHTS OK ST. GEORGE. St. Mary's Church. St. Michael's Church. St. Ann's Church. Seven Dolor Church. IMPROYED ORDER OF RED MEN. Teoshwa Tribe, No. 19. MUTUAL BENEFIT SOCIETIES. Vesta Lodge, No. 137. Harmony Lodge, No. 13. Mount Vernon Lodge, No. 30. Buffalo Lodge, No. 9. Orient Lodge, No. 1. Waverly Lodge, No. 160. Landmark Lodge, No. 4. Queen City Lodge, No. 5. Prospect Lodge, No. 22. Germania Lodge, No. 24. Fraternity Lodge, No. 36. Erie Lodge, No. 49. Jefferson Lodge, No. 66. Washington Lodge, No. S3. Anchor Lodge, No. 102. CATHOLIC MUTUAL BENEFIT ASSOCIATION St. Boniface's Branch, No. 5. Holy Angels' Branch, No. 7. St. Bridget's Branch, No. 8. St. Patrick's Branch, No. II. St. Peter's Branch, No. 13. St. Louis Branch, No. 15. St. Mary's Branch, No. 16. St. John's Branch, No. 17. St. Michael's Branch, No. iS. St. Francis Xavier's Branch, No. 19. Cathedral Branch, No. 20. Immaculate Conception Branch, No. 22. Sacred Heart Branch, No. 23. St. Ann's Branch, No. 24. EMPIRE ORDER MUTUAL AID. Niagara Lodge. Excelsior Lodge. Mutual Lodge. Buffalo City Lodge. Lake Erie Lodge. Independent Lodge. Clinton Lodge. Eagle Lodge. North Star Lodge. Vesta Lodge. Frontier Lodge. Neptune Lodge. KNIGHTS OF HONOR. Lafayette Lodge. Pioneer Lodge. ROYAL ARCANUM. Revere Council, No. 189. Buffalo Council, No. 66. Oriental Council, No. 252. Queen City Council, No. 259. HOSPITALS. Buffalo General Hospital. Buffalo Homoeopathic Hospital. M BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. Buffalo Hospital of the Sisters of Chanty. St. Francis' Hospital. Buffalo Small Pox Hospital. DISPENSARIES. Buffalo City Dispensary. Buffalo Eye and Ear Infirmary. Buffalo Surgical Infirmary. Homoeopathic Free Eye and Ear Infirmary. Buffalo Free Medical and Surgical Dispensing Association ASYLUMS. Buffalo Protestant Orphan Asylum. Ingleside Home. Buffalo State Asylum for the Insane. Sisters of St. Vincent Female Orphan Asylum. Buffalo German Catholic Orphan Asylum. Evangelical Lutheran St. John's Orphan Asylum. St. Joseph's Boys' Orphan Asylum. St. Vincent's Female Asylum. St. Mary's Asylum for Widows, Foundlings and Infants. Le Couteulx St. Mary's Institution for the In- struction of Deaf Mutes. Magdalene Asylum. St. Francis' Asylum. Providence Lunatic Asylum. St. Mary's Male and Female Orphan Asylum. Erie County Almshouse. CLUBS. Buffalo Club. City Club. . Beaver Island Club. Falconwood Company. Our Friends. Standard Club of Buffalo. Fraternity Club. Buffalo Polo Club. Voung Men's Club of Erie County. Buffalo Cricket Club. Forester Club of Buffalo. Audubon Club. Bay View Rifle Association. Scottish Society. Our Corner Club. Buffalo Yacht Club. Queen City Shooting Club. Lotus Club. Buffalo Gun Club. J. J. Josephs Social Club. CHAPTER VIII. ONE of tine most honoring traits in the character of the people of Buffalo is their intellectual ardor, as evinced by the numerous public collections ot books, gathered by the spontaneous contributions of men in all stations of life. In a city so full of industries, where the rivalries of trade necessarily occasion some asperities, it is marvellous to find the people so universally seeking intellectual pabu- lum, and uniting their purses with that object in \ iew. 1 he number of volumes in the public libra- ries ot the city is not less than eighty-two thou- sand,* with a constantly accelerating increase. THE YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION is one of those admirable institutions which illus- trate the liberality of the citizens. Organized forty-four years ago, it has become colossal in it- proportions, the number of books in the Library aggregating about thirty-five thousand volumes, with a yearly increase now of about three thou- sand. It has recently been arranged on a plan called the "Dewey System," which gives the in- telligent librarian the most thorough control of the collection. The old method of book catalogues i, laid aside, and the whole affair now consists in a Series of printed cards, which stand on edge in revolving cases, where they are accessible alike to the librarian and the public, and where in the least possible space of time the whereabouts of any re- quired book can be ascertained. The value of this Library can be gathered by a glance at the following table, which shows the range of subjects, under their general divisions, and the number of volumes in each grand division, as also the number of volumes added to each divi- sion during the last year: GRAND DIVISIONS. Added. Total. Bibliography, etc 47 1.40s Philosophy 39 661 Theology 182 2,598 Sociology 361 3,621 Philology - 17 231 Natural Science 92 1,975 Useful Arts 189 1,855 Fine Arts 64 1,052 Literature 885 10,953 Geography and Travel 106 2,517 Biography 116 2,675 History 156 3,478 Total 2,254 33.018 Duplicates and worn-out books for sale 926 • , 33,94+ Pamphlets, single 839 Pamphlets, bound — vols 39 39 33,983 About $1,000 worth of Books additional to the above have been added since this list was prepared. We append to this exhibit a list of the Daily and Weekly Newspapers and Magazines that are regularly received at the Library: LIST OF NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. DAILY". Albany Argus, New York Graphic, Albany Journal, New York Herald, Aha California, New York Sun, Baltimore American, New York Times, Bradford Daily Era, New York Tribune, Boston Journal, New York World. Boston Post, New York Journal of Com., Buffalo Commercial Adver- Philadelphia Times, tiser, Pittsburgh Gazette, Buffalo Courier, Portland Daily Press, Buffalo Express, Providence Journal, Charleston News & Courier, Rochester Democrat and Chicago Tribune, Chronicle, * We are under obligations to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Hon. Neil Gilmour, for advance infor- mation in regard to the public schools of Buffalo, from which we glean the gratifying information that the school libraries of the city contain 19,504 volumes. When we add these to the above, we have a grand total, in the public libraries of Buffalo, of more than a hundred thousand vol- umes! BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 15 Cincinnati Commercial, Cleveland Herald, Detroit Free Press, Indianapolis Sentinel, Louisville Courier-Journal, Milwaukee Sentinel, Montreal Herald, New Orleans Picayune, New York Evening Express, New York Evening Post, American Architect, American Manufacturer, Army and Navy Journal, P)uffalo Agitator, Buffalo Christian Advocate, Buffalo Index, Buffalo Queen City Christian Register, Commercial Bulletin, Country Gentleman, Erie County Independent, Every Saturday, Franklinville Argus, Harper's Bazar, Harper's Weekly, Iron and Steel Bulletin Living Age, London Punch, St. Louis Democrat, Springfield Republican Syracuse Journal, Titusville Herald, Toledo Blade, Toronto Globe, Troy Times, Utica Observer, Washington National Rep. London Spectator, Nation, New York Nation, New York School Journal. Olean Times, Pittsburgh Iron World, Public, Publisher's Weekly, Queen City, San Francisco Bulletin, San Francisco Journal of Commerce, Scientific American, Scientific American Supple- ment, Spirit of the Times, Woman's Journal. MONTHLY AND QUARTERLY. (Magazines and Reviews.) American Agriculturist, Library Journal, American Journal of Science, Library Table, American Naturalist, Atlantic Monthly, Appleton's Monthly, Blackwood's Magazine, Buffalo Medical Journal, Buffalo School Journal, Contemporary R :view, Deutsch Rundsc.ian, Eclectic Magazine, Edinburgh Review, Folio, Fortnightly Review, Harper's Magazine, International Review, Irving Era, Lippincott's Magazine, Literary Messenger, London Quarterly, Manufacturer and Builder, Nineteenth Century North American, North British Review, N. E. Genealogical Register, Phrenological Journal, Popular Science Monthly, Potter's American Monthly, Poultry World, Princeton Review, Revue des deux Mondes, Scribner's Monthly, Journal of the Franklin Inst. St. Nicholas, Journal of Speculative Phi- Westminster Review, losophy, As the Library has a noble endowment fund in the shape of productive real estate, which is stated to be now worth $325,000, provided by the munifi- cent liberality of citizens, there can be no lack of the necessary funds for a steady increase in all that makes a library valuable. Within the eleven years, ending Feb., 1879, the receipts of the Association from all sources have been $123,870.66. There are now about 1,850 annual members who pay, but there is no reason why the number should not be five-fold as great, considering the low cost of membership, ($3.00,) and the wealth of reading matter on the shelves and desks. SUPERINTENDENT OF THE LIBRARY, Josephus N. Lamed. LIBRARIAN. Wm. Ives. As exhibiting the spirit which animates people of Buffalonian parentage, we give the following letter from a lady: Yonkers, N. Y., Jan. 1, 1880. My Dear Sir — I will, if agreeable, present to the Young Men's Association of Buffalo a marble bust of my father, the late Oliver G. Steele. As he was one of its earliest members, and al- ways took an active and earnest interest in its af- fairs and welfare, it seems to me particularly ap- propriate that his likeness in this form should be- long to the Association. Respectfully yours, SARAH L. WILLIAMS. To Richard K. Noye, Esq., President Young Men's Association, Buffalo, N. Y. FURTHER NOTICE OF LAKE ERIE. The prosperity of Buffalo was not to last for- ever, without serious efforts on the part of the British to divert a large share, if not the whole of the grain trade, to their St. Lawrence river, and thence direct to Europe. The State Engineer and Surveyor of New York, Hon. Horatio Seymrur, Jr., in his last Annual Report, for a copy of which we desire to thank him, says: " Our canals and railroads alike are endangered in the near future by the water route through the valley of the St. Lawrence. In three or four years from this date British steamships of nearly two thousand tons will lie at the docks at Chicago, and other lake ports, unloading their merchandise, or receiving their cargoes of grain, provisions, etc. While we have undervalued and neglected our water channels, the British government has stead- ily pursued a policy which will give it a water-way into the heart of our country, and which will make seaports of our great lake cities, with which it can hold direct commerce by a route under its sole con- trol through the St. Lawrence river. " Few commercial events of this century equal the importance of the completion of this design. At Cleveland and Toledo, in Ohio, British vessels will approach near to the centre of the population and production of our Union, which is now north of Cincinnati. This centre, as is shown by the census reports, is steadily moving westward toward a point between Chicago and St. Louis, two great cities, which even now are of more commercial im- portance than any in our country except New York. Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore are marginal towns, lying upon the eastern edge of our continent, and remote from the great centres of population and production." Mr. Seymour then argues the necessity for deep- ening the canals and the Hudson river, so that boats may take a much heavier load; also the lakes must be improved at several points, so as to allow vessels drawing twenty feet to navigate them. All this is for the purpose of checkmating the British, whose labors have been most persevering and costly. Mr. Seymour says: "The British and Canadian governments are so confident that they can wrest the trade of the West from us, that they have nearly completed works which will cost more than thirty millions of dollars. This is in addition to about twenty-four millions spent in earlier im- provements, making about fifty-four millions paid out to gain the great prize they seek." It appears that when the British improvements shall be finished the maximum draft of vessels passing through the locks of the Welland Canal will be thirteen feet and a half. A letter from a highly intelligent gentleman of Buffalo is appended to Mr. Seymour's Report, of which he says: "Mr. Alonzo Richmond, formerly President of the Board of Trade of Buffalo, has sent me a letter about the lake navigation, which is annexed to this report. It shows that there are obstructions i6 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. which limit the draft of vessels on the lakes to about fourteen feet. When the Welland locks are completed, they well not admit of vessels drawing more than thirteen and one-half feet. Mr. Rich- mond proves that by removing these obstructionsl vessels can get twenty feet depth of water at al, points between the upper lake ports and Buffalo. As soon as an increase is gained, even of a single foot, it will give advantage to the vessels going to Buffalo over those which pass through the Welland canal. There are now propellers running upon the lakes that cany over two thousand tons, which can add more than two hundred and fifty tons when they get an increase of a foot to their draft. When twenty feet of water is gained, these steam- ers can carry 3,500 tons, or nearly as much as large steamships upon the ocean. They can also take in tow large badges loaded with lumber, grain or provisions, and in this way are enabled to carry for less than ocean steamers. By these means wheat can be carried to Buffalo for a very small cost. Years past the rates have ranged from three to fifteen cents. Our Government should at once enter upon this work, if it wishes to save commerce upon the American route. The States which would be largely benefited have been taxed heavily to make improvements in other parts of the Union, and some of these, like the work on the mouth of the Mississippi, are designed to divert commerce from northern channels. If the lakes are thus im- proved, products can be carried to Buffalo for less than the cost of carrying them to the head of the Welland canal. What we shall thus gain will lessen the difference of cost in favor of the Cana- dian route.* "The next links in the long chain of our water route are the Erie and Oswego canals. If one foot can be added to their general depth, it will add fifty tons to the load of each boat. This can be done by lowering the bottom in some places and by raising the banks in others. It will be of ad- vantage to our boats the moment the work is be- gun, for while the loads cannot be increased until the whole is finished, yet the expense and time of towage will be less over each mile that is deepened. I have ordered careful surveys to be made, which show the cost and advantages of doing this. Other plans have been prepared for adding to the length of locks, which are valuable. At this time those using the canals are generally in favor of first get- ting more water, as it will give more tonnage to boats now in use, without requiring any change in their size. As there are about four thousand of *A Detroit paper of December last, as an item of news, says, "Work on the Government contract at the Lime-Kiln crossing, (one of the shallow places on the Lake, above re- ferred to,) ceased on Saturday last for the season. The operations are under the general supervision of Gen. Weit- zel of the United States engineers, but H. A. I.eavitt has the work in charge, aided by K. C. Burns, C. W. Danger, Frank R. Foote, and Wm. Hatt, as assistant engineers. The work on the present contract was commenced (October 30th, 1878, and about a month's labor was put in that season before the close of navigation. Operations recommenced March 19th of this year, and continued as above stated, till Saturday, the 14th inst., a period of nearly nine months. There has been an average force of 30 men employed during that time, and a considerable amount of rock has been blast- ed and removed from the channel bed. The contract will be finished next summer, and about one-third of the total labor of deepening the channel to 20 feet will have been then accomplished. The most difficult work, however, will then remain, and its further prosecution will need an in- creased force and better facilities." these, the saving in cost to owners will amount to a large sum." It will never do to let the British snatch this immense inland trade from us, therefore these lake and canal improvements must be made, and that right soon, and then good bye to the Welland canal and the fifty-four millions of dollars, that have attested the British faith in their ability to take away our trade. According to the Report of the State Engineer, one foot added to the depth of the Canal will give an added capacity of fifty tons to each boat. De- tailed estimates of the cost of deepening are fur- nished in the Report, which we condense into the totals for each division, as follows: Eastern Division $237,331 45 Middle Division . 633,000 00 Western Division 276,240 00 $1,146,571 45 EASTWARD AND WESTWARD MOVEMENT ON ERIE CANAL. The following statement shows the amount of freight by tons moved on the Erie canal eastward and westward for ten years: SHIPMENTS OF EASTWARD MOVING FREIGHT FROM BUFFALO. Products of Products of the forest ', animals, J 'ears. tons. tons. 1870 _ ..402,390 250 1871 309,080 179 1872 347-695 52 1873 296,128 29 1874 . 216,893 38 187S 151.953 39 1876 124,379 23 1877 183,019 10,633 1878 234,433 2,686 1879..... 2*2,121 364 Other ag-'l Manufac- Years. 1870... 1871 ... 1872 ... 1873... 1874-- 1875 — products, to US. 6lO 1877. 1878. 1879. . I,4H • '9 204 --- 7 29 3.5i6 532 ",I74 Other articles. Years. to/is. 1870 93ii94 1871 112,944 1872 101,962 *873 --- 94,035 1874 65,269 1875 38,051 1876 33,213 1877 38,049 1878 75,758 1879 4',952 tares, tons. 5,152 2,654 564 906 846 11,602 373 3,364 1,406 1,581 Total tons. 1,393,904 i>742,i57 1,774,906 1,825,623 1,448,172 1,219,538 94i,474 1,459,122 1,946,602 1,830.843 Total Amount of To/Is Received. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1870 $1,060,072 03 1871 1,389,909 81 1872 1,416,049 31 1873 1,415,634 33 1874 1,196,780 55 RECEIPTS OT EASTWARD MOVING FREIGHT AT Products of Products of the forest, animals, Years. tons. tons. 1870 4.276 11 1871..... 2,917 31 1872 3,467 187 1873 2,465 72 J 874 2,014 37 Vegetable food, tons. 802,541 1,344,941 1,322,981 I ,433-653 1,164.392 1,007,559 783,122 ,220.249 1,635,082 1,562,208 Mer- chandise, tons. 767 534 367 853 530 337 335 292 472 643 Total value. $37,333,208 99,426,629 52,855,537 49,772,070 46,244,875 40,608,163 24,411,554 38,229,716 43,460,806 48,142,030 $789,830 24 583,644 42 467,921 74 628,439 45 591,652 00 BUFFALO. / 'egetable food, tons. 9,266 7" 2,337 5,170 •5,174 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 17 RECEIPTS, ETC. — CONTINUED. Products of Products of the forest , } 'ears. tons. 1875 1,529 1S76 1,507 1877 1,356 1878 1,874 1879 5. 2I ° animals, tons. 266 88 230 72 51 Other ag' I Ma n ufa c- Years 1870 .. 1971 .. 1872 .. 1873.. 1874.. 1875 -- 1876 .. 1877.. products, tons. 1879. 442 3°4 3°5 Other articles, Years. tons. 870 438,333 871 321,662 872 430,846 873 ... ..522,051 874 - 373,903 875 403,465 876 242,815 877 287,760 878 212,038 879 198,140 tures, tons. 78 ,co6 86,696 101,519 108,526 99,305 111,531 60,547 74,426 204,893 130,708 Total tons. 633,849 538,593 609,616 7°i, 6 53 526,311 555,237 313,036 395,080 432.472 499,453 food tons 7,52i 3,452 5,881 7,211 3,32i Mer- chandise, tons. 103,967 126,576 151,560 63,369 36,145 30,921 4,627 24,685 106,060 , 161,708 Total value. $29,591,521 23,124,220 32,178,888 19,568,226 8,646,610 9^93,785 S,o45,9 " 12,310,455 22,474,227 43,554,i85 CANAL TOLLS. The following table shows the aggregate receipts of tolls at Buffalo from the opening to the close of navigation for a series of years: 1879 $591,652 00 1874 $1,196,634 33 1878 628,439 45 1873 1,415,634 33 1877 467,921 74 1872 1,416,049 31 1876 583,644 42 1871 1,389,909 00 1875 789,83024 1870 1,060,07203 Canal opened May 8th, 1879; April 15th. 1878; May 8th, 1877; May 4th, 1876, and May 18th, 1875. The tolls for 1879 from Buffalo to West Troy are as follows (distance 345 miles): Wheat, bushel of 60 lbs, ic. om. 35f. ; corn, bushel of 56 lbs, oc. 9111. 66f. ; rye, bushel of 56 lbs, oc. 9m. 66f. ; barley, bushel of 48 lbs, oc. 8m. 28f. ; oats, bushel of 32 lbs, oc. 5m. 52f. ; malt, bushel of 34 lbs, oc. 5m. 86f. CANAL CLEARANCES. The following statement shows the number of boats cleared from the opening to the closing of navigation for a series of years: 1879 8,708 1874 -.7,628 1878 9,047 1873 9,058 1877 6,938 1872 8,659 1876 4,853 1871 8,795 1875 6,349 1870 6,835 CANAL FREIGHTS FROM BUFFALO TO NEW YORK. The followiug table shows the ruling rates of freights to New York from Buffalo (tolls included, excepting for staves) on the dates specified in 1879: Pine Staves Wheat, Corn, Oats, lumber, per ton d'r iSjq. May 8 May 10 May 17 May 24 May 31 June 7 June 14 June 21 June 28 bu. bu. bu. Mft. 5V2C 5C 4c $2 50 4H 4 3 2 50 4# 4,% 4 l A 2 50 4V2 4 3 2 25 4^3 4 . 3 J 2 30 4 . 3* 2& 2 25 4*4 3 J /4 3 2 25 3% 3 J A 2% 2 25 iVz 4 3 2 25 Pine Staves II 'heat, Corn, Oats, lumber, per tono'r iSjq. bu. bu. bu. Mft. toll. July 5 5 4^ 3% $240 $113 July 12 5 4^ 3% 2 So 1 38 July 19 5 A l A. 3% 2 60 1 44 July 26 5 5 3 l A 2 65 1 44 Aug. 2 6 s l /> 3Yi 2 75 1 50 Aug. 9 6 5% 3% 2 90 1 63 Aug. 16 6 1 / sYs, \ 3 °° x 75 Aug. 23 7% 6% i,\i 3 50 1 88 Aug. 30 7% f> l A A l A 3 5o * 83 Sept. 6. 7% 6% 4% 3 60 2 00 Sept. 13 7% 7 *Y\, 3 60 2 00 Sept. 20 8% 7K 5% 3 So ! 80 Sept. 27 g% 8% 6 3 50 2 00 Oct. 4 7 3 A 7 SA 3 75 2 13 Oct. 11 7% 6% 4 4 00 2 25 Oct. 18 9 8 5% 3 85 2 00 Oct. 23,24, 25 12 11 — Oct. 25 11 9 7 4 00 2 38 Nov. 1 10 8 6 4 00 2 38 Nov. 8 10 9 6% 4 00 2 38 Noy. 15 ioj^ 9 (>A 4 00 2 50 Nov. 22 io% 9% 634. 4 00 2 50 Nov. 25 io}4 — — EXPORTS BY CANAL. 1877. 1878. 1879. Lumber, ft 79,783,686 95,310,685 107,158,316 Staves, lbs 82,359,650 77,482,200 56,029,617 Shingles, M 30,542 29,283 34,600 Furs and peltry, lbs 100,689 Pork, bbls 36,007 15,198 2,131 Lard, tallow, etc., lbs... 9,714,570 294,707 35,500 Hides, lbs 29,600 216,300 10,000 Timber, cubic feet 700 Ashes, leached, bu 7,000 39,502 Flour, bbls -;- 4,216 2,811 4,75o Wheat, bu 13,270,420 25,833,877 29,708,699 Rye, bu 977-334 1,823,736 1,445,401 Corn, bu 25,347,207 25,668,387 21,506,102 Barley, bu 1,078,368 900,532 299,757 Barley malt, bu 205,986 220,723 295,683 Oats, bu 3,407,280 4,327,117 908,373 Peas and beans, bu , 544 27,215 22,441 Bran, etc., lbs 313,329 1,301,290 318,460 Apples, bbls 5,001 30 Potatoes, bu 114 977 Cornmeal, bbls 1,565 1,008 i,939 Dried fruit, lbs 2,800 Unmanufactured tobac- co, lbs ---- 2,500 Clover and grass seed, lbs 4,403,475 1,064,907 108,240 Flax seed, lbs 2,628,271 22,238,587 Domestic spirits, galls... 5 2 ,495 74,°4° 46,95° Oilmeal and cake, lbs... 2,644,806 931,427 729,549 Furniture, lbs 11. 710 8,500 Pig iron, lbs 973,600 976,430 1,845,800 Bloom and bar iron, lbs.. 19,483 93,57 s 5,250 Castings, etc., lbs 12,200 117,664 900 Bar and pig lead, lbs 2,055,748 81,411 179,493 Domestic cotton, lbs 2,840 Domestic salt, lbs 4,500 Sugar, lbs 9,000 19,500 41,100 Coffee, lbs 3°° Crockery, lbs 32,960 21,510 1,050 Other merchandise, lbs.. 541,878 828,205 1,160,836 Stone, lime, clay, lbs 3,228,015 1,980,305 8,000 Bituminous coal, lbs 58,499,941 79,640,631 56,573,814 Petroleum oil, crude and refined, bbls 155,371 55,435 Sundries 16,370,033 7,982,428 7,924,043 Nails and spikes, lbs 66,800 42,400 Iron and steel, lbs 7,°oo 40,000 Leather, lbs 1,000 17,500 Total tons of articles car- ried - 1,359,122 1,946,602 1,830,843 Total value of articles carried $38,229,716 $43,466,806 $48,142,030 Tolls on boats on the canal - -. 138 — - Total tolls $467,921 74 $628,439 45 $591,652 FLOUR AND GRAIN RECAPITULATION. The exports of flour and grain, compared for three years, are shown thus: BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 1877. 1878. 1879. Canal opened May 8. April 16. May 8. Flour, bbls 4,216 2,811 4,750 Wheat, bu 13,270,420 25,833,877 29,708,699 Corn, bu 25,347,207 25,668,387 21,506,192 Oats, bu ,. 3,407,280 4,327,117 908,373 Barley, bu . 1,078.368 900,562 299,757 Rye, bu 977.334 1,823,736 1,445,400 Total, bu 44,680,609 58,553,679 53,868,392 Flour to wheat, bu 21,080 14,055 23,750 Grand total, bu 74,101,689 58,567,734 53,892,142 IMPORTS BY CANAL. ♦ l$77. /fyS. i&jq. Lumber, ft - 328,071 SSS,i45 1,703,849 Timber, cubic ft 8,225 5, OI 6 82,862 Shingles, M 177 10 30 Wood, cds._ 222 288 253 Cheese, lbs 56,489 66,492 Hides, lbs 459,117 28,055 '9, 856 Flour, bbls 8,107 4,319 6,792 Wheat, bu 4,711 16,000 38,516 Barley, bu 3 J ,847 9,225 33,329 Clover and grass seed, lbs 30,230 Barley malt, bu 2,500 2,200 Oats, bu 2,500 1,100 200 Bran, etc., lbs 188,769 87,500 71,836 Beans and peas, bu 2,453 1,221 ".4_"3 CornmeaI,bbls 875 570 Live cattle, lbs 7,000 Flax seed, lbs 779,292 Hemp, lbs 59,301 513,506 1,448 Apples, bbls — 7,045 20,772 2,498 Potatoes, bu 278 Dried fruit, lbs., 6,695,652 8,583,803 22,291,225 Unmanufactured tobac- co, lbs -- !3,49S 77,966 544,666 Dom. spirits, galls 1,415 4,200 3,765 Fur and peltry, lbs 3,59° Lard, tallow and lard oil, lbs 49,890 16,472 Wool, lbs .. 9,126 Cotton, lbs 15,550 33,4 10 Hops, lbs 30,000 Dom. woolens lbs 4,485,588 8,681,641 20,767,817 Dom. cottons, lbs 2,813,204 14,178,730 30,335,374 Furniture, lbs, 290,015 63.640 Big iron, lbs 10,667,195 21,749,199 77,026,917 Castings, etc., lbs 2,095.507 2,116,612 717,269 Bloom and bariron, lbs.. 1,846,787 3,900,544 323,147 Bar and pig lead, lbs 9,623 286,674 Leather, lbs 80,925 82,383 202,094 Domestic salt, lbs 125,558,812 153,039,875 130,445,522 Foreign salt, lbs 1,891,926 5,704,110 1,273,608 Sugar, lbs 5,063,817 65,467,013 101,209,371 Molasses, lbs 4,739,732 7,962,244 25,192,643 Coffee, lbs 233,403 813,566 3,977,021 Nails and spikes, lbs 1,432,820 1,972,561 2,120,903 Iron and steel, lbs. . 555,999 2,467,469 11,308,043 Railroad iron, lbs 4,757,700 6,888,887 27,705,443 Crockery, etc., lbs 209,680 5,670,704 9,626,003 All other mdse, lbs 32,374,228 120,918,788 142,270.775 Stone, lime, etc., lbs . 69,708,919 103,945,555 90,950,292 Gypsum, lbs 135,270 1,246,100 Anthracite coal, lbs 419,219,210 216,324,286 184,267,574 Bitum's coal, lbs 20,000,000 20,705,112 4,000,000 Sundries, lbs 60,011.365 78,261,703 91,481,855 Iron ore, lbs 6,580,090 4,686,700 16,322,722 Total tons of articles car- ried 395,°8o 415,846 499,453 Total value of articles carried $12,310,455 $14,509,274 $43,554, 185 Statement of property left at Buffalo, on the Erie canal, or which was left between that place and the Collector's Office next in order on the ca- nal; showing the quantity and average value of each article during the year 1879, going to the Western States, Canada and New York: A rticles. Product of Wood. Boards and Scantling, ft Shingles, M Timber, cubic feet Wood, cords Total (Juan tity. i,7°3,849 30 82,862 253 Reduced tons of 2,000 lis. 2,840 4 1,658 708 I 'aluc of each article. 105 2,072 1,012 Agriculture. Product of Animals. Hides, lbs 19,856 !?27,043 $3,376 Total . Vegetable Food. Wheat, bu 38,516 Barley, bu 33,329 Oats, bu 200 Bran and ship stuffs, lbs 71,836 Peas and beans, bu 11,433 Apples, bbls 2,498 Total 1,156 810 3 36 343 J 77 $3,376 > 4 ,. ,.,:-: 23,33<> 70 718 n,433 2,525 $81,457 Ma n ufa ct u res. Furniture, lbs 66,640 31 $6,364 Iron, pig, lbs 77,026,927 38,513 1,078,-78 Bloom and bar iron, lbs. 38,513 162 8,079 Castings and iron ware lbs.-- -. 7^,169 354 43,036 Domestic salt, lbs 130,445,522 65,223 430,470 Foreign salt, lbs 1,273,60c 637 9,552 Total Merck a ndise. Sugar, lbs 101,209,371 Molasses, lbs 25,192,643 Nails, spikes and horse shoes, lbs 2,120,903 Iron and steel, lbs 11,308,043 Railroad Iron, lbs 27,705,443 Flint, enamel, crockery and glassware, lbs 9,626,003 All other merchandise, lbs 142,270,775 104,920 $1,575,879 50,605 $8,602, 797 12,596 755,779 1,060 63,627 5,654 339,24r 13,853 664,931 4,813 770,08c 71,138 7,114,539 Total . Other A rticles. Stone, lime and clay, lbs. 98,950,292 Gypsum 1,246,100 Anthracite coal, lbs 188,267,574 Iron ore, lbs 16,322,722 Sundries, lbs 91,481,855 Total other articles Totals of all of the above articles . 159,719 $18,310,994 $395,801 1,246 282,402 47,336 4,574,o93 198,140 $5,300,878 470,524 $25,299,627 $i,i53 3,99° $5,M3 FREE LIST. Agriculture. Product of A nimals. Lard, tallow and lard oil, lbs 16,472 S Cheese, lbs 66,492 33 Total 41 I 'eeetable Eo'd. Flour, bbls 6,702 734 $40,752 Corn meal, bbls 570 63 i,'4° Dried Fruit, lbs 22,291,225 Total 796 $41,892 All other Agricultural I 'rcducts. Cotton, lbs 33,4 IQ Uumanuf. tobacco, lbs. 544,666 Hemp, lbs 1.448 Hops, lbs .- .'■ o Total 305 $60,212 17 $2,673 72 54,467 1 72 15 2,000 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. J 9 Manufactures. Domestic spirits, gals 3,765 15 $31765 Leather, lbs 202,094 101 40,419 Bar and pig lead, lbs 286,674 J 43 17,200 Domestic woolens, lbs.. 20,767,817 10,371 11,422,300 Domestic cottons, lbs 3°,335>374 15,168 6,067,074 Total 25,798 $17,550,758 Merch a ndise. Coffee, lbs .. 3,977,021 1,989 $596,553 Totals of free list 28,929 $18,254,558 Grand total, tons 449,453 Grand total, value $43,554,135 EXPORTS. Statement of property first cleared at the Col- lector's Office at Buffalo on the Erie canal during the year 1879, showing the quantity, tolls and average value of each article, and also the whole amount of tolls received at that office on each arti- cle of property during the same period; also quan- tity, tons and tolls and average value on each arti- cle on the free list for 1879 coming from the West- ern States, Canada and New York: Articles Quati- Praduct of Wood. tity. Boards and scantling, ft 107,158,316 Shingles, M 34,600 Staves, lbs 56,029,617 Total of the forest, tons. Total value Total tolls Reduced Value to tons of of each 2, 000 lbs. article. *78,597 $1,500,216 4>3 2 5 131,101 28,015 392,207 210,937 A griculture. Product of A nimals. Hides, lbs Total product of animals, tons. Total value Total tolls $2,023,524 58,037 $1,700 $1,700 Vegetable Food. Wheat, bu 29,708,699 Rye, bu 1,445,401 Corn, bu 21,506,162 51,260 $33,867,917 Barley, bu. Barley malt, bu Oats, bu.. Bran and ship stuff, lb» Peas and beans, lbs.... 299,757 295,683 9^8,373 318,460 22,441 40,471 602,171 7,193 5,026 14,533 159 673 910,602 9,247,650 209,830 295,683 3 r 7,93i 3,185 22,441 Total vegetable food, tons. Total value Total tolls 1,561,486 $44,875,239 529,177 Ma n u facta res. Furniture, lbs 8,500 Pig iron, lbs 1,845,800 Bloom and bar iron, lbs. 5,250 Castings and ironw're,lbs 900 Total manufactures, tons. Total value Total tolls 4 9»3 3 25,843 54 Merchandise. 42,400 40,000 Sugar, lbs Nails, spikes and horse- shoes, lbs Iron and steel, lbs Flint, enamel, crockery and glassware, lbs 1,050 All other merchandise, lbs 1,160,336 Total merchandise, tons. Total value Total tolls 580 643 $26,876 244 $3,484 1,272 1,200 84 58,042 $64,092 46 Other Articles. Stone, l:me and clay, lbs 8.000 4 $32 Bituminous coal, lbs 56,573,014 28,287 67,889 Petroleum or earth oil, crude and ref., barrels 55,435 9,999 44,348 Sundries, lbs 7,924,043 3,962 396,204 Total other articles, tons 41,952 Total value $508,473 Total tolls 4 , I4 8 Totals of all of above articles, tons.. 1,815,953 Total value.... $47,499,904 lotal tolls 591,652 FREE LIST. Boats. Total miles boats cleared 2,684,414 The Forest. Ashes, leached, bu 39,502 1,184 $1,185 Agriculture. Product of Animals. Pork, bbls 2,131 341 $25,562 Lard, tallow and lard oil, bbls 35,5oo i3 2,485 Total 359 $28,047 / V get 'able Food. Flour, bbls 4,750 513 $28,500 Cornmeal, bbls i,939 209 3,878 Total 722 $32,378 A II other Agricultural Products. Unmanuf. tobacco, lbs.. 2,500 $250 Clover and grass seed, lbs 108,240 54 4.042 Flax seed, lbs 22,238,587 11,119 500,368 Total 11,174 $504,660 Manufactures. Domestic spirits, gals... 46,950 187 $46,950 Leather, lbs 17,500 9 3,500 Oilmeal and cake, lbs 729,549 365 14,591 Bar and pig lead, lbs '79,493 90 10,770 Total 651 $75,811 Merch a ndise. Ccffee, lbs 300 ' $45 Totals of free list 14,090 $642,126 Grand total tons 1,8^0,843 Grand total value $48,142,030 Grand total tolls 591,652 GRAIN TRADE OF BUFFALO YEARS. FOR FORTY-FOUR The following statement shows the grain trade of Buffalo for forty-four years (the receipts by the Lake Shore railroad not included): IV, S36 139,178 837 126,805 838 277,620 839 294,125 840 597,142 841 730,040 842 734,408 843 9 J 7,5i7 844 9*5.030 845 746,750 846 1,374,529 847 1,857,000 848 1,249,000 849 - ',207,435 850 1,103,039 Flour, bbls. Wheat, bu. Corn, bz, 304,090 204,355 450,350 94,490 933>"7 34,148 1,117,262 1,004,561 7L337 1,635,000 201,031 1,555,420 454.530 1,827,241 223,966 2,174,500 I 37,978 1,770,740 54,200 4,744,184 1,455,258 6,489,100 2,862,800 4,520,117 2,2Q8,000 4,943.078 3,3 21 >65i 3,68i,347 2,593,378 BUFFALO AND ENVIFONS. Years. Flour, ibis. Wheat, bu. Corn, bu. 1851 1,258,224 4,167,121 5, 9S8, 775 1852 1,299,213 5,5491778 5,136,746 1853 975,557 5,420,043 8,065,793 1854 739,756 3,510,782 10,108,983 1855 936,761 8,022,126 9,711,430 1856 1,129,048 8,465,671 9,633, 2 77 1857 845,953 8,334,179 5,713,611 1858 1,536,109 10,671,550 6,621,668 1859 ..-1,420,333 9,234,652 3, "3, 653 1863 1,122,335 J 8, 502,645 11,386,217 1861 - 2,159,591 27,105,219 21,024,657 1862 2,846,022 30,435,831 24,388,627 1863 2,978,089 21,240,348 20,086,902 1864 „ 2,028,520 17,677,549 10,478,681 1865 1,788,393 13,437,888 19,840,901 1866 i,3 x 3,543 10,479,694 27,894,798 1867 1,440,056 11,879,685 17,873,638 1868 1,502,731 12,555,215 16.804,067 1869 1,598,487 19,228,546 11,549,403 1870 1,470,391 20,556,722 9,410,128 1871 1,278,077 22,606,217 26,110,769 1872 762,502 14,304,942 34,643,187 1873 1,259,205 30,618,372 28,550,828 3874 1,693,585 29,778,572 24,974,513 1875 1,810,402 32,967,686 22,593,891 1876 807,210 19.324,612 20,939,853 1877* 693,044 23, 28 4, 4°5 33,362,866 1878* 971,980 35,419,136 35,133,853 1879* 897,105 37,788,501 32,990,993 Oats, bu. Barley, bu. Rye, bu. 1836 28,640 4,876 1,500 1837 2,553 3,267 1838 - 6,577 9°9 1839 1840 1841 J 4,!44 2,150 1842 4,710 1,268 1843 - 2,489 1,332 1844 18,017 1,617 456 1845 - -- 23,300 1846 218,300 47,530 28,250 1847 446,000 70,787 1848 560,000 6 17,889 1849 362,384 1850 357,580 3,600 1851 1,140,340 142,773 10,652 1852 .. 2.596,231 497,913 112,251 1S53 1,580,655 461,098 107,152 1854..- 4,401,739 3131885 177,066 1855 2,693,222 62,304 299,591 1856 1,733,382 4 6 ,327 245,810 1857 1,214,760 37,844 48,536 1858 2,275,231 3°8,37i 125,214 1859 394,502 364,560 124,693 i860 1,209,594 362,158 80,822 1861 1,797,905 3'3>757 337,764 1862 2,624,932 423,124 791,564 1863 7,322,187 641,449 422,309 1864 11,682,637 465,057 633,727 1865 8,494,799 820,563 877,676 1866 10,227,472 1,606,384 1,245,485 1867 10,933,166 1,802,598 1,010,693 1868 11,492,472 637,124 947i3 2 3 1869 5,459,347 651,339 126,093 1870 6,846,983 1,821.154 626,154 1^71... 9,006,409 1,946,923 1,095,039 i8'2 . 6,050,045 3,088,925 301,809 1873 5,972,846 1,232,507 906,947 1874 5,396,781 1,154,948 167,301 1875 8,494,124 946,889 222,126 1876 . 2,397,257 2,615,081 761,795 1877* 4,279,229 1,652,568 1,155,033 1878* 5,122,972 1,375,184 2,135,007 1879* 1,104,793 610,740 1,884,802 GRAIN INCLUDING FLOUR AS GRAIN. Grain, Grain, including Years. bush. flour, bush. 1836 543,46i 1,239,351 1837 550,660 1,184,685 1838 974,751 2,587,887 1839 1,117,262 2,362,851 1840 1,075,888 4,061,598 1841 1,852,235 5,592,525 i8;2 2,015,928 5,687,468 1^4; 2,055,025 6,642,610 1844 2,335,568 6,910,718 1845 1,848.040 5,581,790 1846 6,491,522 13,366,167 Grain, Years. bush. 1847 9,868,187 1S48 __ 7,396,012 1849 8,628,013 1850 6,618,004 1851 11 ,449,661 1852 '3,392,937 1853 11,078,741 l8 54 18,553,455 1855 -- 19.788,473 1856 20,123,667 1857 15,348,930 1858 - 20,202,444 1859 14,429,069 i860 - 31,441,440 1861 50,662,646 1862 58,642,344 1863 49,845,065 1864 ... 41,044,496 1865... 42,473,223 1866 51,820,342 1867 .-.. 43,499,780 1868 42,436,201 1869 - 37,014,728 1870 39,261,141 1871 60,765,357 1872 58,447,822 1873 67,340,570 1874 61,562,627 1875- -. 65,104,716 1876 46,038,598 1877* 61,731,071 1878* 79,176,152 1S79* 74,379,829 COMPARED BY DECADES. Grain, 'ears. bush. 836 543,46i 846 6,491,522 856 20, 1 23,667 866 - 51,820,342 876 46,038,598 Grain, including flour, bush. ^i^i'S? 14,641,018 14,665,189 12,059,551 17,740,784 20,390,506 15,956,525 22,252,238 24,472,277 25i753,965 19,578,690 26,812,982 2I , 530,722 37,053,! 5 5 61,460,601 72,872,454 64,735,5'° 51,177,146 51,415,188 53,388,087 50,700,060 49,949,856 45,007,163 46,613,096 67, x 55,742 62,260,332 73,636,595 70,030,552 72,246,726 50,074,648 65,199,291 84,046,052 78,865,354 Grain, including- flour, bush. 1,239,351 13. 316,167 25-7"3,967 5^.388,087 50,074,648 AGGREGATE RECEIPTS COMPARED. Grain, Decades. bush. 836 to 1845 — 10 years 14,368,908 849 to 1855 — 10 years 113,766,005 856 to 1865 — 10 years 344,213,324 866 to 1875 — 10 years 526,976,775 876 46,038,598 877* 61,734,071 878* 79,176,152 879* 74,379,829 Total 44 years 1,262,435,711 Grain including flour, bush. 41,851,483 '74,717,437 432,39°,3>8 597, 121,670 50,074,64s 66,199,291 84,046,052 78,865,354 1,526,266,253 OPENING AND CLOSING OF NAVIGATION. Statement showing opened and closed at Lake Year. opened. 1879 April 16 1871 April 1 1872 May 6 1873 April 29 1874 April 18 1875 1 May 12 1876 May 4 1877 - April 17 1878 M ch 16 1879 April 24 ♦Canadian receipts through Custom House not included in 1877, 1878 and 1879 tNavigation unimpeded here for several days after this date, but no shipments made except to Lockport; naviga- tion closed by ice east of Rome about the 24th; re-opened from December 12th to 25th, inclusive. the dates at which navigation Buffalo for ten years: Canal No. days Canal Canal opened. May 10 closed. open. Dec. 8 212 April 24 May 13 May 15 Nov. 28 220 Nov. 30 202 Nov. 24! 208 May 5 May 18 May 4 May 8 April 15 May 8 Dec. 5 215 Nov. 30 197 Dec. 1 209 Dec. 7 213 Dec. 7 237 Dec. 6 212 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. The amount of canal tolls collected at this port during the season aggregated $591,652, as compar- ed with $628,439 m Io 7 8 > a decrease of $36,787 under 1S79. It should be remembered, however, that the canals in 1878 opened April 15th, and this year on May 8th, three weeks, later. The number of boats cleared was 8,708; in 1878, 9,047; a decrease of 339. Canal navigation was interrupted on June 26th by the caving in of a culvert near Orangeport; and this accident with a break a few clays later at an- other point delayed boats nearly fourteen days. The dryness of the season also caused frequent low water, and the ice from Rome eastward was trou- blesome on and after the 20th of November. All boats reached tidewater and the canal was closed officially on the 6th of December. The number of days of navigation was 212. CHAPTER IX. The grain elevator, invented by Oliver Evans, soon after 17S0, was for many years only used for facilitating the handling of grain in flour mills. It was not till 1S42 that its application to the uses of commerce was demonstrated. To Buffalo belongs the honor of its adaptation to the transhipment of grain from lake vessels to warehouse or canal boat ; and to Joseph Dart, one of her citizens, the merit of building the first steam Elevator for commer- cial purposes in the world, Although as late as 1841 there were no more than two million bushels received at Buffalo, nu- merous and unavoidable delays occurred in its transhipment; the method of transfer being to raise the grain from the vessel's hold in barrels, by tackle and block, to weigh it with hopper and scales swung over the hatchway of the small boat, or carry it into the warehouse in bags on men's shoulders. In a paper, read before the Buffalo Historical Society, in March, 1865, Mr. Dart says, "My ex- periment, from the very first working, was a de- cided and acknowledged success. Within a month after I started, a leading forwarder, who had con- fidently predicted that shippers could not afford to pay the charges of elevating by steam, came to me and offered double rates for accommodation, but my bins were all full. The great saving of time by the use of the Elevator was immediately seen. To give an instance that occurs to my mind, the schooner John B. Skinner came into port, with four thousand bushels of wheat, early in the after- noon, and was discharged, received ballast of salt, and left the same evening; made her trip to Milan, Ohio, brought down a second cargo and discharg- ed it; and on her return to Milan, went out in company with vessels which came in with her on the first trip down, and which had but just suc- ceeded in getting rid of their freight in the old way." We subjoin a list of the Elevators and their ca- pacity for storage; likewise their transferring capa- city per day; which shows the amazing power of 2,539,000 bushels per day of transferring capacity: BUFFALO GRAIN ELEVATORS. Capacity Transfer for Capacity Name. Storage, j>er day, bush. bush. Bennett 600,000 96,000 Brown - 3°o,oo° 96,000 Coatsworth 40,000 72,000 C.T.Wells 35°i°oo 96,000 Chicago Transfer 3°,o°° 69,000 City 600,000 96,000 Evans 200,000 96,000 Erie Basin --- 200,000 80,000 Exchange 275,0°° 96,000 Ira Y. Munn (floating) 5,°°° 72,000 Fulton -- 40,000 96,000 Merchant... -- 30, 000 48,000 Niagara 650,000 96,000 National 100,000 51,000 Richmond 300,000 96,000 Sturges 350,000 96,000 Sternberg (A. & B.) 350.00° 96,000 Swiftsure 175,000 96,000 Tifft (fire proof) 35°,°°° 96,000 Union - 60,000 96,000 Wadsworth 125.000 72,000 Wells - 100,000 72,000 Wilkeson -- 250,000 96,000 Watson 600,000 150,000 Williams 150,000 96,000 Free Trade (floating) 3,300 96,000 Free Canal (floating)... 2,000 125,000 North West Transfer 40,000 96,000 Erie Railway Elevator _-. 700,000 Total capacity 6,975,300 2,539,000 The annual saving in expense to lake commerce by the substitution of steam Elevators, that sim- ple and expeditious method of handling grain, can only be calculated by tens of millions of dollars. EXPORTS FROM ELEVATORS BY ERIE AND CENTRAL RAILROADS. The following statement shows the exports of grain from the elevators of this city by the Erie and Central railroads for the months of — Wheat, l8yq. bu. January... 334,35° February . 143,542 March 336,131 April 196,151 May. 5°7,37° Tune 345.442 July 555,015 August ...1,759,716 September 1,566,889 October. _ .1,142,542 November 776,882 December 851,099 Corn, bu. . 19,605 1,400 482,782 548,354 1,398,332 1,319,718 849,73 2 1,324,345 865,728 559,0! I Oats, bu. 23,879 1,400 72,382 Barley, bu. 9,o93 1,650 1,961 6,500 25,000 42,000 850 3°,403 2,450 17,116 Rye, bu. 12,029 46,607 18,195 5,000 Total ---8,575,129 7,369,007 188,329 Total 1878 9,'73,439 9,3°°, 6 5° 94,230 254,057 183,212 620,009 348,082 715,049 112,741 1,091,327 60,437 1,318,097 191,277 Total 1877-9,323,348 3,854,034 Total 1876.5,984,722 6,581,929 Total 1875-6,198,393 6,433,717 Total 1874-4,658,080 5,209,202 Grand total, bushels, 1874 - --n 1875 --■ M. " 1876 13 " 1877 - 14 " " 1878 19 1879 16 223,310 9°,33 2 278,291 16,786 10,318 ,386,974 800,660 672,732 ,235,805 ,136,668 ,308,526 Decrease 1879 under 1878, bushels 2,828,142 ELEVATING AND STORAGE RATES AT BUFFALO. The following shows the current rates as pub- lished by the Western Elevating Company, during the days specified in 1879: January i to April 30. — Winter storage, which commenced November 18, 1878, was: Ele- 22 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. vating, including ten days' storage, one cent per bushel; seven-eighths of one cent to the grain and one-eighth of one cent to the vessel, Storage, each succeeding ten days or parts thereof, one- quarter of one cent per bushel. On grain in store on that date or after, the charge for winter storage will be one-quarter of one cent per bushel for each ten days or parts thereof until such charge (accu- mulated after November iS, 1878), shall amount to two cents per bushel; then the grain shall be free of storage until five days after the opening of canal navigation in 1879. May 1 TO September 21. — For elevating and transferring, half of one cent per bushel; for eleva- ting, transferring and storing for first five days or parts thereof, five-eighths of one cent per bushel; for storage, for each succeeding ten days, or parts thereof, in addition, one-quarter of a cent per bushel. The vessel pays, in addition to the above, one-eighth of one cent per bushel. September 22 to November 16. — For elevat- ing and transferring, including five days' storage, seven-eighths of one cent per bushel. Storage, each succeeding ten days or parts thereof, one- quarter of a cent. The vessel pays in addition to the above, per bushel, one-eighth of a cent. November 17. — The following card was issued: "Elevating, including ten days' storage, seven- eighths of one cent per bushel. Storage, each succeeding ten days or parts thereof, one-quarter of one cent per bushel. The vessels pays in addi- tion to the above, per bushel, one-eighth cent. On all grain in store on that date or after, the charge for winter storage will be one-quarter cent per bushel for each ten days or parts thereof, until such charge (accumulated after November 17th, 1879), shall amount to two cents per bushel; then the grain shall be free of storage until five days after theo pening of canal navigation in 1880." CHAPTER X. The Great Lakes that bound our broad land on the north, which a few scores of years ago were unvexed with anything of man's contrivance great- er than the Indians stealthy canoe, are now be- come the highway upon which tireless fleets glide along, freighted with priceless cargoes. Buffalo is the great objective point for east-bound craft, while the Erie canal sends forth its return supplies of all sorts, native and foreign. The following is a list of vessels built and en- rolled and licensed in the District of Buffalo Creek, N. Y., during the year 1S79: Tug Propeller T. H. Fulton '3-74 Steam Yacht Musette 10.10 Steamer Josephine B 68.49 Tug Propeller Minnie Maythem _ 12.78 Steam Yacht Parole 5.96 Tug Propeller M. M. Drake... '3-3 1 Steam Yacht Fanchon 16.23 Steamer Marmle Higgins 77-49 Propeller New York 1,921.68 Steam Yacht Elizabeth „ J 3-3 2 Schooner Highland Maid 1424 Sloop Yacht Cygnet 1577 Total tonnage, 1879 2,183.11 ARRIVALS AND CLEARANCES FOR THE SEASON OF navigation, rS79. The following is a statement of the arrivals and clearances by lake of vessels of all kinds, with the total tonnage, at and from '' ' port during the season of 1879: COASTWISE ARRIVALS. No. Tons. May 378 225,227 J une 4°o 251,054 July _ 487 290,026 August... 626 354,283 September 659 363,214 October 713 295,059 November _ 355 237,853 December 68 60,875 Total 3,686 2,077,558 COASTWISE CLEARANCES. No. Tons. April 24 17,883 May _ 469 281,932 June ...... 426 246,119 July 49° 293,915 August _ 625 352,300 September 658 355.213 October _ 706 386,394 November 357 342,763 December 28 27,570 Total 3,788 ' 2,204,158 AMERICAN FOREIGN ARRIVALS. No. Tons. May - 4 551 J u , ,le - " 953 July 16 2,925 August - 17 3,497 September n 2,045 October 15 1,796 November 8 603 December 6 478 Total 88 12,848 AMERICAN FOREIGN CLEARANCES. No. Tons. May 5 721 June 11 879 July 18 2,820 August: 17 3,677 September 9 1,403 October 13 1,451 November _ 9 696 December 2 71 Total 84 11,718 FOREIGN ARRIVALS. No. Tons. March 1 31 April 5 261 May 52 9,845 June 73 11,901 Ju'y 7i ",403 August 55 10,563 September _. 45 7,401 October 64 10.746 November 47 8,124 December , 3 725 Total 410 77,000 FORFIGN CLEARANCES. No. Tons. March 1 31 April 8 968 May 39 7,872 June 70 11,262 July r 73 11,901 August 53 8,949 September 43 7,199 October 55 7,924 November 46 8,795 December 2 534 Total 39 65,435 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 23 TONNAGE OF VESSELS. The tonnage of the port of Buffalo, N. Y., for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1879, is shown by the following statement: SAIL VESSELS. Schooners 72 Barks 2 Total 74 Total tonnage 36,922.90 STEAM VESSELS. Iron steamers 5 Iron yachts 2 Total 7 Total tonnage - 6,381.08 Tug propellers 46 Propellers _. 47 Steam yachts 13 Sidewheel steamer. 1 Steam canal boat 1 Total 108 Total tonnage -- 49,227.16 BARGES. Barges _. 22 Total tonnage 5,203.32 Grand total 1879 ..211 vessels; tonnage 97,734.46 TRANSFER OF VESSELS. The following statement shows the number and description of the vessels changing owners by en- tire transfer at Buffalo during the year 1879: Schooners -.7 Tugs 6 Propellers -3 Yachts 2 Barges 6 — Total transfers, 1879 - - 24 Total transfers, 1878 -29 Decrease 1879 under 1878 5 VESSELS IN WINTER QUARTERS. The following is a list of the vessels of all de- scriptions (exclusive of canal boats) laid up at this port at the close of navigation in 1S79: PROI'ELLERS. Jay Gould, B. W. Blanchard, Avon, Jas. Fisk, Jr., Newburgh, Canisteo, Waverly, New York, Nyack, Toledo, Empire State, Badger State, Buffalo, Milwaukee, Idaho, Araxes, Morley, Missouri, Cuba, Arundell, Alleghany, Arizona, Arctic, Atlantic, India, Winslow, Japan, Pacific, Delaware, Annie Young, Gordon Campbell, Oneida, Vanderbilt, Fountain City, Montana, Plymouth, Inter-Ocean, Olean, Scotia, St. Louis. STEAMER. R. G. Stewart. SCHOONERS. C. J. Wells, James F. Joy, Morning Light, D. P. Dobbins, T. P. Sheldon, S. L. Watson, J. S. Richards, H. P. Baldwin, H. W. Sage, Montauk, Geo. Murray, Jos. G. Masten, Monitor, Jas. C. King, Sam Flint, J. M. Hutchinson, Hattie Johnston, Carhngford, Allegheny, W. S. Crosthwaite, Levi Rawson, J. S. Austin, A. L. Andrews, Samana, Joseph Paige, Canton, Zach Chandler, Golden Fleece, Phantom, L. May Guthrie, Bay State, Rockaway, Maria Martin, Young America, Erastus Corning, SCHOONERS. Mineral State, J. Walters, S. Amsden, Jesse Drummond, Stampede, D. S. Austin, John Tibbets, H. A. Kent, Ogarita, Cheney Ames, Annie Vought, Gallatin, Ellen Theresa, John Wesley, Wabash, Elizabeth Jones. Argonaut, Morning Star, Golden Rule, Nellie McGilvra, City of the Straits, Sunshine, Keepsake, Wm. Treat, Montgomery, E. Cohen, R. J. Carney, A. Walton, C. G. Meisel. LAKE TUGS. John Gregory, John B. Griffin, B. F. Bruce, Rambler, Mary E. Pierce, S. E. Bryant, Compound, W. R. Crowell, A. P. Wright, Anna P. Dorr, Pacific, Orient, Geo. B. Dickso Jas. Ash. RECAPITULATION. Propellers 40 Schooners. Steamers 1 Barges Tugs 14 Total LAKE ARRIVALS AND DEPARTURES. The following is a summary statement of the ar- rivals and departures of vessels, with their tonnage, in the District of Buffalo Creek, for the season of 1879; also a comparative statement showing the aggregate figures for twenty-eight years: ARRIVALS. No. vessels. Tonnage. Vessels in coastwise trade 3,686 2,077,558 Foreign vessels 504 83,848 Totals, 1879 4, r 9o 2,161,406 DEPARTURES. No. vessels. Tonnage. Vessels in coastwise trade 3*783 2,204,158 Foreign vessels 474 77,'53 Totals - 4,257 2,281,311 COMPARATIVE TABLE FOR TWENTY-EIGHT YEARS. 1852 9,441 3,092,247 127,491 1853 8,298 3,252,978 128,112 1854 8,942 3,990,284 120,838 1855 9,211 3,360,233 i",575 1856 8,128 3,018,589 112,051 1857 7,581 3,226,806 132,183 1858 8,838 3,329,246 86,887 1859 IO ,52i 5,952,626 118,119 i860 "i5*7 4,7 IO - I 75 120,497 1861 _- 13,866 5,963,896 144,173 1862 16,390 6,689,191 166,133 1863 15,376 6,757,903 157,415 1864 I 4, I °5 6,891,348 148,161 1865 13,746 7, 32,593 I45,°74 1866 13,682 6,954,869 144,622 1867.. 12,826 5,806,960 129,300 1868 11,812 4,254,339 116,320 1869 10,201 4,007,496 103,673 1870 10,625 4,!57,793 io5,79 8 1871 10,894 4,832,641 115,299 1872 10,303 4.678,058 106,291 1873 9,959 4,886,733 107,785 24 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 1874 7i447 31641,019 82,862 1875 6,278 3.259,839 7 I i39 2 1876 4,624 2,757,986 55,459 1877 6,785 3,539-2'9 73,893 1878 8,743 4,668,688 No report 1879 8,447 4,442,717 COMPARATIVE IMPORTS BV LAKE. The following table shows the imports of prin- cipal articles into this port by lake for the years 1877, 1878 and 1879: JS77. /&/S. i8jq. Ashes, casks 214 Ashes, tons __ 700 Ashes, leache 1, tons.. 235 Apples, bbls. 802 Beef, bbls and tcs 506 Beans, bu 115 _. Beans, bbls. . 56 Barley, bu 1,652,566 1,375,184 610,749 Butter,lbs 5,000 949 Butter, pkgs 251 2,046 Bacon, boxes 589 6,035 Broomcorn, bales 1,385 953 103 Barrels, empty, No... 4,705 Coal, tons 44,247 50,001 34,648 Cheese, boxes 125 Corn,bu 31,362,866 35,133,853 3 2 >99°,993 Cedar posts, No 24,012 8,209 J 6,730 Corn meal, bbls 3,702 6,475 2,000 Copper, pkgs 11,623 7,804 12,685 Copper, tons 6,342 8,758 6,064 Copper, cakes and bars 12,616 8,781 17,791 Cattle. No 11 Eggs, dozen 186 Eggs, pkgs 1,569 6,945 Fish, pkgs 21,153 £.'17 5,120 Flour, bbls 693,044 971,980 897,105 Feed, sacks 57,694 4,59* 8,399 Grindstones, tons 195 65 Grindstones, No 288 331 Hides, No 4,593 5,140 Hides, tons 10 Hides, bdls 132 Horses, No 130 31 Hops, bales 178 952 Hams, tierces 619 1,002 Hoops, No 22,403,700 11,500,000 14,579,000 Hoop poles. No. 190,620 200,000 Heading, bbls 6,198 5,721 14,471 Iron ore, tons i,997 I 4-737 25,380 Iron, pig, tons 5,630 5-447 8,431 Iron. tons.. 340 j,( 138 127 Iron, scrap, lbs 75,ooo 64,200 256,000 Iron, bdls 622 Iron, bars 3,639 Iron, plates no Lead, tons 527 147 46 Lead pigs 51,805 35,719 6,285 Leather, rolls 230 538 40 Laid lbs 770,600 249,920 Lard, tierces 53,400 88. 278 81,831 Lard, pkgs.._ 9,168 2,775 18,568 Lard, bbls 1,850 Lumber, feet 141,572,469 176,322,464 202,443,612 Lath, pieces 6,392,200 3,535,000 4,644,000 Millfeed, lbs 407,000 Oats, bu 4,279,229 5,122,972 1,104,793 Oatmeal, bbls 1,557 7,5*8 2,500 Oatmeal, bags 4,443 Oil cake, pkgs 32,084 73,443 51,047 Oil cake, tons 504 245 379 O'l-l'hls 3,337 3,340 480 Pickets, No 55,522 7,190 Fork, bbls 41,766 31,937 33, 570 Peas,bu 57,450 44,887 25,797 Potatoes, bu 4,688 Pelts bdls 3,236 823 "754 Potash, tons 219 Plaster, bbls 1,000 Rye, bu 1,155,003 2,135,007 1,884,892 Sundries, pkgs 47,7'4 41,800 75,000 Silver ore, pkgs 3,540 536 Silver ore, tons 620 Seed, bags 265,993 351,716 293*742 Seed, bu 344,312 Stone, tons 834 59 Stone, cords 1,489 1,175 Salt, bbls 1,000 * Staves, No 18,284,985 11,638,863 12,070*597 Stave bolts, cords 4,403 4,512 8,640 Shingles, No 54,254,000 66,273,000 59, 793, 700 Shooks, bdls 12,775 ^,985 I ,54 I Shcoks, No 767,000 Sheep, No 15 Tobacco, pkgs 2,766 3,358 4,143 Tallow, lbs 130,780 83,400 Tallow, pkgs 1,650 100 Tallow, bbls 590 278 441 Tallow, tierces 100 11,258 Ties, No 172,679 160,000 271,693 Whisky, bbls 27 51 Wool, bales 942 357 2,427 Wood, cords 2,516 1,084 1 A°° Wheat, bu 23,284,405 35,419,136 37,788,501 AGGREGATE RECEIPTS OF FLOUR AND GRAIN. 7. 1 Oatmeal, bbl 5 Mess f>ork, bbl. — Heavy 12 Short cut 12 Lard, lb 1 >re^ed hogs, cwt. 4 Highwines, gal... 1 7S77. i»j8. I»?Q. =5® 6 75 $5 00® 5 50 t6 75® 7 25 25® 5 75 3 75® 4 25 5 5c® 6 25 oo® 7 50 5 25® 5 75 7 25® 7 75 25® 7 75 5 50® 6 00 7 50® 8 00 50® 9 50 7 25® 7 75 8 25® 9 co oo® 6 75 4 25® 5 25 6 oo® 7 50 50® 7 00 4 50® 6 00 7 0^ 7 5^ oo® 7 50 4 75® 5 25 7 50® 8 00 25® 7 75 5 2 5@ 5 75 7 75® 8 25 5c® 9 00 7 00® 8 00 8 75® 9 75 oo@ 4 5° 3 25® 3 50 5 50® 6 00 65® 3 00 2 00® 2 25 3 oo® 3 00 1 27 1 00 1 23 95 1 25 1 07 1 43 1 45 32® 1 38 95(3v 1 00 1 38® 1 45 38® I 41 90® 1 03 1 40® 1 47 53® 53H 40J2® 41 5354 3 if,/. 34 26® 29 45 7°@ 74 52^ 9° 70® 85 61® 1 10 70® 90 5°® 73 75® 92 ' \® 80 75® 1 *5 1 10® i 30 1 05® 1 25 10® 1 20 8o@ 90 95® 1 00 t ■ ■ 1 2 1 5 1 50® 1 70 1 50 75® 5 50 4 5o@ 5 25 5 50® 5 75 40® 1 60 i 35® 1 45 2 90 16 OO II 00@I2 00 16 0O®I7 00 17 03 13 oo@i4 00 16 oo®i7 00 20 00 13 oo@i4 00 17 oo®i8 00 oo®i9 00 14 oofT/ 15 00 18 03®i9 00 05® 1 20 8o@ 90 1 05® 1 15 oo® 7 00 4 oc® 6 50 6 oo® 7 00 oo@i2 50 8 50® 9 00 oo@i2 50 9 00® 9 50 8® 9 6> 4 ® 6% 50® 4 75 2 75® 3 50 09® 1 10 1 07® 1 08 13 SO 13 5o > 8^ 6 00 1 12 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 27 Potatoes, bu 35® 5° 60® 8° 4°@ 45 Butter, lb 14® 25 I2 @ 2 ° lS ® 2 7 Cheese, dairy, lb.. 12 7® 8 n Do., factory, lb... 13® 13M 9® 9 l A l2 Hops, lb ii@ 13 8® 11 30® 35 Eggs, doz 21® 23 23® 25 20® 23 Cranberries, bbl... j co® 7 00 6 2s® 7 50 8 00 Apples, dried, lb.. S %@ 7 3M® 5 7® 3 Do., green, bbl 2 25® 3 25 1 25® 2 00 1 75® 2 50 Oranges, case 7 00® 7 50 5 00® 6 00 5 00® 5 50 Lemons, box 3 50® 4 00 3 00® 5 00 4 00 Salt, coarse, bbl.. 1 00 80 1 40 Salt, flue, bbl 95 85 140 Coal, Anthracite, retail price, delivered, ton — Grate 5 2 ° 5 '5 4 65 Egg 5 2 ° 5 2 5 4 35 Chestnut 5 35 5 °° 5 10 Stove 3 45 5 5° 4 85 Coal, bituminous.. 5 50® 6 50 5 00® 5 50 6 00 Hides, green, lb... 8® 9 Z%@ 10^9^® 10 Do., cured.. 12® 14 14® 18 16® 17 Leather, lb.— Best sl'ght'd sole. 31 26 31 No. 2 do : 29 21 29 Cement, bbl 1 oo@ 1 25 1 15® 1 25 8o@ 1 00 Refined Petroleum, gallon, fire test — 112@1200.__ i2j/o@ 16 10 8® 9 Pease's Prem. oil.. 30® 35 35 35 Pease's Headlight. 25 25 25 Lard Oil— Extra winter, gal.. 75® 80 60 60 Do., No. 1, do 65® 70 55 5 s Linseed oil, raw.. 55 60 75 Do., boiled, gal... 62 65 78 W. V. oil, black, gallon 25 23 23 Do., gal., in bbl... 30 25 25 Sperm oil, gal 1 50 1 25 1 00 Fish, half bbl — White... 4 25® 4 33 3 40® 3 50 5 oo® 5 50 Trout 3 25® 3 58 3 00 4 00® 4 25 Siscoes 3 00 1 60 3 00® 3 25 Codfish, George's bank, cwt 5 25® 5 75 5 00 5 oo@ 5 50 Halibut, cwt 1 00 6 00 11 oo* Mackerel, kit 1 75® 2 30 1 90® 2 40 1 20® 3 75 Do., bbl 15 0O®22 00 12 oo®iS 00 II 00@22 00 St'ling Exchange. 4 82® 4 85 4 82® 4 87 4 81® 4 84 Gold 1 02^ 1 00 1 00 RANGE OF PRICES. The following exhibit shows the prevailing prices per cwt. during the principal market day in each week on cattle, hogs, sheep and lambs: Cattle. Common Good to Stockers b* to fair. best. feeders. January 4 ..$1 oo@3 75 $4 io®5 50 $2 oo©3 25 11 2 00© 3 75 4 oof 1 ;. 5 50 2 oo@3 00 18 2 2S@3 85 4 30@s 87 2 75@3 25 25 2 15(0-3 90 4 oo@4 50 2 7s®3 25 February 2.. - 2 oo®3 90 4 oo®5 25 2 9o@3 50 8 2 oo®4 15 4 25© 5 25 2 9o@3 50 15 2 oo@4 35 4 45@s 50 3 oo@3 50 22 2 15(5)4 35 4 40@s 30 3 25®3 65 March 1 2 oo©4 35 4 40^5 30 3 50© 4 09 8 2 io@4 15 4 25®5 10 3 25®4 00 15 2 oo®4 15 4 2 5 ®5 15 3 25@3 85 22 2 25(54 40 4 5 5 32 3 oc©3 75 April 5 3 oo©4 65 4 7 c<5.5 50 2 75© 3 75 12 3 °°@4 4° 4 5°®5 6° 3 5 C <§3 85 19 2 sc@4 25 4 30:55 40 3 4o@3 85 26 2 50(5,4 25 4 30@5 62 3 4c<5 3 85 May 3 3 oo@4 30 4 40(115 50 3 30(53 85 10 3 °°@4 3° 4 4°@5 2 5 3 3°@4 25 17 3 oo®4 60 4 70@5 70 3 75®4 25 24 3 °°@4 5° 4 6o®5 5° 3 3 C ©4 2 5 21 3 °°®4 40 4 5c@s 40 3 5o@4 40 June 8 _._ 2 50(54 25 4 4Q®5 25 3 oo@4 00 15 2 75(54 25 4 30/55 25 3 oo®4 17 21 2 50(54 35 4 4o@5 00 2 oc®4 15 28 2 5C®4 50 4 5c@5 25 2 75® 3 75 July 5 2 50© 4 25 4 35(55 00 2 65(53 50 12 2 25(54 25 4 35(55 co 2 7=@3 50 19 2 5o@4 25 26 2 oc®4 10 August 3 1 75@4 i" 9 1 75@4 r 5 16 2 oo®4 25 23... 2 25@4 4° 30 2 25(54 40 September 6. 2 256(4 40 13 2 ocx' 14 40 20... 1 50®4 00 27 2 co@2 90 October 4 2 oo@4 00 11 2 00® 4 00 18 2 00(^/4 10 25 2 co©4 35 November 1 2 00(54 25 8 1 80(5.3 90 15 2 oo@3 90 22 2 is@4 15 29 2 oc© 415 December 6 2 256/4 25 13 2 5°@4 50 20 2 15(5.4 50 27 1 75©4 2 5 4 35@5 40 4 20®5 12 4 2c®5 25 4 25@5 2 5 4 35®5 35 4 5°@5 40 4 5 '" 5 25 4 5°@5 35 4 5°@ 5 --<> 4 20@s 15 4 1 •:.<'" ; 40 2 40(5 3 IO 2 35© 3 c° 2 20©3 10 2 4C<5 3 IO 2 406' 3 IO 2 50f / 3 40 2 45 1 '" 3 35 2 40@3 15 Yorkers. January 4 $2 65(52 90 11 2 95@3 IO 18. 2 90® 3 20 25 3 2o@3 60 February 2 3 5°®3 8 5 8 3 75@4 IO 15--.- - 3 9°@4 J 3 22 - 4 ig®4 20 March i... 3 9°S 4 35 8 - 3 9°@4 IS 15 - --- 3 75@4 °7 22 3 go@4 50 29 3 9°@4 5° April 5- 3 75(34°° 12 3 8ofij4 co 19 3 60S' 3 80 26 - - 3 5°S3 7° May 3 3 6o@3 7° 10 - 3 6o®3 80 17 - 3 7«©3 8o 24-- 3 6c®3 75 31--- - 3 5°@3 7° June 8 -. 3 60S 3 70 15 --- 3 2 5(" t c 7 21 - 3 9o£'4 10 28- 3 9c© 4 05 July 5 3 9°S4 00 12 4 ic<54 J 5 19 --- 3 65(5.3 90 26 3 75@4 °° August 3 3 70S3 80 9 3 i5®3 8 5 16 3 5°@4 3° 23 3 5°®3 8 ° 30 - 3 4°@3 60 September 6 3 5°@3 75 13 3 4°S3 80 20 --- 3 50S4 °5 27 3 5°@3 8 5 October 4 3 5°@3 9° 11 3 7 C S4 20 18 3 75@4 °5 25 3 6c<5,3 95 November 1 3 6°@4 IO 8 - 3 4°®3 7° 15 3 45S3 95 22 4 00S4 30 29 3 8s@4 00 December 6 - 4 =5®4 60 13 4 25(5.4 60 20 - 4 J 5@4 2 5 27 4 50S5 °° Medium. and heavy, $2 25(53 10 2 25(53 25 2 25S3 45 2 75@3 75 2 5o®4 05 3 oo@4 33 2 75S4 35 3 75(2 4 3° 3 75S4 4° 3 75® 4 35 3 5°S4 15 3 5°S4 25 3 25S4 60 3 2 5@4 2 5 3 65® 3 35 3 5°@4 2 5 2 75@4 00 2 75®3 8o 2 75S 3 9° 3 5°S 3 85 3 25S 3 77 3 2 5@3 75 3 2 5®3 8 S 3 25(34 15 3 2 5^®4 30 3 55© 4 9° 3 65© 4 90 3 75© 4 75 3 75@5 °o Sheep and Lambs. Western Canada sheep. lands. January 4 S3 2 5©4 5° *4 2 5©5 37 11 3 6c© 5 00 4 75©5 °° 18 - 3 2 5( r '4 4° 4 75©4 9° 25 3 75©5 oo 4 75©5 oo February 2 4 ocQ 3 25 5 25@5 5° 8 4 ^©5 5° 5 oo@5 75 28 BUFFALO AND ENVIONS. Sheep and Lambs. Western Canada Sheep. Lambs. 15 $4 2S@S 75 $5 °°@5 75 22 4 2S@S 30 5 °°@5 75 March 1 4 2565 75 5 IO @5 75 8 4 25(17.5 75 5 °°@5 75 15 4 4°®5 7° 5 °°@5 75 22 4 25(5.5 60 5 00(5-5 50 29 4 50(5.6 00 s oo@,5 50 April 5 490(5.625 No sales. 12 4 9S®6 25 19 4 45(5'6 12 26 3 75@6 00 May 3 3 75(56 00 10 -- 3 qodr .5 80 17 4 °°<8>5 2 5 24 3 25(00 25 3 1 3 2 5<55 25 June 8 3 25(175 25 15 3 2 5(f"5 75 21 3 25@5 50 28 2 40(5.5 00 July 5 3 oo@5 00 12 3 20(5,5 00 19 3 5°©4 75 5 4°@5 8° 26 3 00(5.4 75 5 4o@.5 80 August 3 3 oo(g , 4 75 4 75®5 4° 9 3 °°@4 75 5 25@5 35 16 3 00(5.5 00 5 oo@5 35 23 3 °°@4 75 5 °°@-5 35 30 3 oo(f/)4 70 5 co@5 00 September 6 3 oo(7> 4 70 4 5o@5 75 13 3 °o@4 75 4 5°@4 75 20 2 90(54 50 4 5o@4 75 27 3 oo@4 50 4 5o@4 60 October 4 3 °°@4 35 4 25@4 75 n 3 oo(5 l 4 50 4 4»@4 25 18.- 3 oo@4 50 4 8s@5 02 25 3 2 5<54 25 5 oo@5 40 November 1 3 25(54 25 5 oo@5 20 8 3 25(54 50 4 6o@5 00 '5 3 r 5@4 2 5 4 5o®4 7° 22 3 oo@4 50 5 oo@5 25 29 3 25@4 5° 4 25(5.5 20 December 6 3 25(5.4 50 5 i5@-5 37 13 3 75@4 5° 5 75@6 °° 20 3 50(5.5 50 5 75(56 25 27 ■•-- 3 75@S 75 6 2 5©6 50 BUFFALO HISTORICAL SOCIETY. A Historical Society is one of those institutions which from its very nature appeals only to the elder people of a community, for the reason that they are too new to possess any halo of antiquity, and yet are too old for their personal knowledge to come into requisition. Such a society must therefore altogether depend for support upon that part of the people, who, from their advanced years and well spent lives, are pleased Jto dwell upon a retrospect of the former times. Keeping this in view, it is very gratifying to know that Buffalo has a Historical Society, which stands upon a founda- tion that indicates a long and prosperous career for the future, as it had an auspicious commencement in the past. In the early part of 1862, in response to a call through the daily papers, a meeting was convened, at which the following resolution was passed: Resolved, That it is expedient to organize a His- torical Society, for the City of Buffalo and County of Erie, and that the chairman appoint a commit- tee of seven to report a plan of organization. Mr. O. II. Marshall, Rev. Dr. Hosmer, Rev. Dr, Clarke, Messrs. Wm. Dorsheimer, James P. White, Geo. R. Babcock, and Geo. W. Clinton, were appointed said committee. They met on April 8th, 1862, and a draft of a Constitution and By-laws was agreed upon, and directed to be re- ported to a meeting of citizens, to be held April 15th. At the time specified a highly respectable number of citizens assembled, and organized by the appointment of Hon. Millard Fillmore as chairman, and O. H. Marshall as Secretary. Mr. Marshall submitted the Constitution and By-laws prepared by the committee, which were unani- mously adopted by the meeting, and have, with slight alterations, continued to be the laws of the Society to the present time. A meeting for the election of officers was fixed for the first Tuesday of May, and was well attend- ed. The election resulted as follows: President, Hon. Millard Fillmore; Vice President, Lewis F. Allen; Councilors, Geo. R. Babcock, Geo. W. Clinton, Walter Clarke, Nathan H. Hall, H. W. Rogers, Wm. Shelton, O. H. Marshall, Geo. W. Hosmer, Wm. Dorsheimer. A committee procured American Hall for the purpose of hearing the Inaugural Address, by the President. The address was delivered on July 2d, 1862, to a large and appreciative audience.* The meetings of the Society since that period have been held monthly, and have always been attended by a sufficient number of members to perpetuate its existence. In the autumn of 1862 an arrangement was made for a series of lectures before the Society, without expense, and free to the public. The lec- tures were well attended during the winter of 1S62-3, an d a great variety of local informa- tion was acquired for the benefit of the Society. At the suggestion of Mr. Fillmore, it was deter- mined to secure sufficient private subscriptions to enable the Society to provide for its current ex- penses for five years. Under this suggestion fifty gentlemen bound themselves to pay twenty dollars per year for five years. This arrangement was afterwards modified by allowing each subscriber to pay fifty dollars at one time, and thus to become a life-member of the Society; the remainder of the subscription to be in annual payments of ten dol- lars. In concert with other societies of the city, an arrangement was made with the Young Men's As- sociation, for a joint occupancy of the Association Buildings, on the corner of Main and Eagle streets, which continued until January, 1873. The great increase of valuable books, papers, portraits, and other property of the Society, im- pressed the officers with the necessity of obtaining more extensive apartments, and such as were fire- proof. They procured the requisite accommoda- tions in the upper floors of the Western Savings Bank building; fitted up the rooms and furnished them suitably, and have been permanently located there for the last eight years. By the report made at the annual meeting, Jan. 13th, 1SS0, the following gratifying exhibit was shown: *The concluding paragraph of Mr. Fillmore's Address reads as follows: "Let this institution be the grand repository of every- thing calculated to throw light on our history. Books, newspapers, letters, pamphlets, maps, medals, and relics of every description, should be deposited here; ai.d let our citizens unite heart and hand in building up this So iety, which while it does justice to the dead, reflects honor on the living." BUFFALO AND ENVIONS. 2 9 Bound volumes, nearly 5,5°° Maps on rollers 92 Indexed pamphlets, in covers, about 4t7°° Newspapers, in bound volumes 482 Portraits in oil... 56 Photographs, in frames,! - 178 in albums, 295 Daguerreotypes 24 Autographs, (letters 60. signatures 240) 300 Besides coins, relics, and a large number of maps in sheets. The number of members, (resident, honorary and corresponding) is nearly eight hundred. The statement of the Treasurer shows as fol- lows: January 1st, 1879, balance in hand of general fund.$ 15 27 December 31st, 1879, receipts from various sources. 2,157 3 2 $2,172 59 Payments to December 31st, 1879.-- 1,948 05 January 1st, 1880, balance in treasury of general fund $ 224 54 January 1st, 1879, balance in treasury of perma- nent fund - $6,766 78 December 31, receipts 435 75 $7,3202 S3 Transferred to general fund 300 00 $6,902 53 Property of Society, (exxlusive of funds invested, cash on hand, books and other printed'matter), is estimated at over $9,500 00 The following were the officers chosen for the current year: President — Elias S. Hawley, Vice President — James M. Smith. Recording Secretary — Leon T. Harvey, M. D. Corresponding Secretary, Librarian and Trea- surer — Rev. Albert Bigelow. Counsellors — William H. H. Newman, Capt. E. P. Dorr, Hon. James Sheldon, Rev. A. T. Chester, D. D., Warren Bryant, O. H. Marshall, William Hodge, Thor. B. French and Alonzo Richmond. ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS. The liberal gentlemen of Buffalo are exceed- ingly thoughtful in the matter of providing funds for deserving Societies, thus making their contin- ued existence not only certain, but respectable. There is no better way open to the enlightened man of means whereby to aid in the building up of the city of his choice than by liberal endowments to deserving institutions; a truth with which the citizens of Buffalo appear to have been long famil- iar. The Art Academy is one of those worthy in- stitutions, and finds its main support in the Trust Fund Account; for how could professional artists be expected to supply the means necessary to the proper support of such a society ? The artist's re- ward usually only comes after he is no longer here to enjoy it. His remuneration during life seldom showing itself in the form of shekels, he contents him with the enjoyment extractable from colors harmoniously laid on his canvas, leaving it to the man of wealth and taste to provide the means for exhibiting the products of his genius in a suitable manner. This institution has had an existence of eighteen years, and does honor to the city. The Fund Commissioners' report for the last year reads as follows: Dr. To cash on hand January 1, 1879 $ 963 30 Interest collected on General Trust Fund 665 91 Interest collected on Jewett Fund 770 77 $2,399 9 3 Cr. By cash paid R. K. Noye, Treasurer... $ 665 91 Paintings bought on account of Jewett Fund— " Column of St. Mark's," ) , 11 \ t> • T~\ " r -- 000 A Rainy Day. j Balance, cash on hand belonging to Jew- ett Fund interest account i,'34 °7 $2,399 9 8 For the Fund Commissioners, JOSIAH JEWETT, Treasurer. Buffalo, N. Y., January 1st, 1880. Mr. R. K. Noye, the Treasurer, submitted the following report: Buffalo Fine Arts Academy in account with R. K. Noye Treasurer: By money received from— Fund Commissioners $1(265 9 1 Tickets account 105 00 Receipts of gallery 441 50 $1,812 41 Due on loan account 57 70 $1,870 11 To disbursements for Sundry accounts $1,270 11 Purchase of pictures 60000 $1,870 11 The following officers have been elected for the current year: President — Josiah Jewett. First Vice President — George L. Williams. Second Vice President — George B. Hayes. Third Vice President — Thomas F. Rochester. Corresponding Secretary — Ammi M. Farnham. Recording Secretary — A. T. Chester. Treasurer — R. K. Noye. Fund Commissioners — for two years, Josiah Jewett; for one year, Wm. P. Letchworth; for three years, John Allen, Jr. Curators — for two years, Henry A. Richmond, William C. Cornell, Sherman S. Rogers, Henry M. Kent, L. H.Chester, Abraham Altman, Henry W. Sprague, John Allen, Jr. ; for one year, Wm. H. Gratwick, George S. Hazard, Augustus Rock- well, Wm. H. Beard, L. G. Sellstedt, Orsamus G. Warren, Edwin T. Evans, Geo. H. Van Vleck. DECORATIVE ART SOCIETY. The Decorative Art Society of Buffalo is a new association, which has recently held its first annual meeting. Its objects are two-fold, namely, to in- struct pupils in decorative art, and to find sale for the products of their skill. A remarkable degree of success has already been attained, as well in the number of pupils receiving instruction as in the progress they have made. The fact that two hundred and thirty-four orders for work were received during the year, and all exe- cuted by these pupils, is very encouraging to those whose necessities have induced them to enter the lists of the institution. We think we can well afford space for the secre- tary's report, as it shows in some detail the business of the society; and the public will be gratified to note that it is an association specially gotten up for the purpose of supplying: ladies with one more means of obtaining an independent livelihood: 3° BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. THE SECRETARY'S REPORT. The history of the organization of the Decora- tive Art Society in the City of Buffalo, as well as its aims, both philanthropic and educational, are too well known to be repeated here; but, with the closing of the first year of its existence, a brief account of what it has accomplished in that time, is due to the members who so quickly and heartily responded to the call which has established a Society, making remunerative art work, and edu- cation in the different branches thereof, an existing fact in our city. The number of articles in the various depart- ments, which have been placed on sale by contri- butors, is 583. All of these articles are the pro- ductions of persons mostly without a technical training, yet they were possessed of sufficient merit to be accepted by the committees. By thus plac- ing a money value upon their labor, a desire for special training in industrial art has been stimulat- ed, as well as higher artistic tastes brought into cultivation. While the receipts have been small in comparison with what it is hoped the future will bring, many have been benefitted by the opening ot this avenue, through which they have received the much needed aid. Almost every day proves the fact that remunerative industries have become a necessity in this as well as in other sections of the country. The Society has received and carefully executed two hundred and thirty-four orders during the year. Fifty-one of these were for designs, mostly in art needlework; they were the work of amateurs, and though not beyond the reach of criticism, are gradually assuming a higher standard of excellence. The skillful execution of these orders has given occupation to many busy hands, " as well as covet- ed comforts to those struggling to learn to live without them." The work of the Instruction Committee, which is the great power in the Society, has been a suc- cess which has far exceeded their most sanguine expectations. The number of pupils during the year has been three hundred and seventy-two. The amount of money (as shown by the report of the Treasurer) which has been received for Instruction, is ..$1,226 50 And the money paid to Instructors 950 60 Leaving a balance of $270 90 With the exception of the months of July and August, eleven classes have been under instruction most of the time during each week. The classes in Design and Object-teaching, China Decoration and Kensington Embroidery, enlisted the greater number of pupils. The classes in Oil and Water-color painting, Crayon Drawing, Clay Modeling, Wood Carving, Lace Work, White Embroidery, and the children's class in Fancy Work, have all been well represented. The committee aim to place within the reach of all, both old and young, the best instruction in every form of art industry that can conduce to the self- support of women, and especially that it should diffuse a right understanding and just appreciation of industrial and decorative art. Two public receptions have been given during the year, for which every effort was made by the committee to exhibit specimens of work done in the Society. Both these receptions were largely attended. At one of these a kettledrum was given, which was a most decided social and financial suc- cess. The rooms are daily open to the public, and the occurrence of frequent daily visits from the city and elsewhere, shows an increasing interest, which needs but the experience or observation of some stern necessity to kindle into an enthusiasm which will result in substantial aid, enlarge our member- ship and increase our usefulness. In submitting this report, the Society feels that while the experiment has proved a success the first year, its work has but just begun. With the con- tinuance of the sustaining aid of a generous and appreciative public, it must accomplish still greater good, not only in this community, but in the adja- cent towns. The thanks of the Society are due to its many kind friends for their generous donations, and to the daily papers of the city for their many and repeated courtesies, and to all who have extended to us words and deeds of helpful encouragement. MRS. E. B. SEYMOUR, Secretary THE TREASURER'S REPORT of the Decorative Art Society of Buffalo, for the year 1S79: Receipts. Membership $ 628 00 Donations 204 20 Instruction 1,226 50 Kettledrum 113 88 Commissions, sales and orders 183 70 $2,356 28 Expenditu res. Rent $ 45000 House expenses 202 11 Salaries 324 21 Instruction 955 60 Printing, stationery and postage 80 82 Cash in hand 59 61 Balance in Erie County Savings Bank 283 93 $2,356 28 MRS. W. H. GREENE, Treasurer. The Board of Managers for the current year consists of the following named ladies: Mrs. M. Fillmore, Mrs. Jas. Redfern, Mrs. Thos. F. Rochester, Mrs. S. V. R. Watson, Mrs. F. H. Root, Mrs. T- N. Scatcherd, Mrs. E. B. Seymour, Mrs. W. K. Allen, Mrs. John B. Skinner, Mrs. J. P. White, Mrs. F. T. Rosseel, Mrs. J. X. Matthews, Mrs. F. A. Georger, Mrs. S. F. Mixer, Mrs. E. C. Sprague, Mrs. B. C. Rumsey, Miss M. M. Love, Mrs. George Truscott, Mrs. J. C. Harrison, Mrs. J. F. Miner, Mrs. W. H. Greene, Mrs. A. P. Nichols. THE PARK. The citizens of Buffalo are alive to every object that may conduce to the comfort or pleasure of the people; and notwithstanding the great number of triangular and other irregular shaped plots of ground (to the number of half a hundred or more) that dot the densely populated part of the city, and afford to the eye a grateful repose of foliage and grass, a body of land, in all about six hundred acres, has been provided for the delectation of her citizens, where the most beautiful arrangement of land and water that the skill of such renowned BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 3 1 landscape artists as Messrs. Olmsted and Vaux could evolve, have been liberally furnished. To give the reader some idea of the magnitude of this provision for the public recreation, we may state that the payments for lands have been close on to four hundred thousand dollars, while for construction and embellishments, about eight hundred and seventy-five thousand doHars addi- tional have been expended, making a total of more than a million and a quarter. Some little detail may be given of the variety which affords attrac- tiveness to these grounds. There is a great parade, where the military have room for maneuvering their battalions; play grounds, ample for the youth of the city, without fear of danger from horse of flesh or iron; dancing platform, where young men and maidens may trip it to their heart's content; refectory, sufficient for the accommodation of all callers; bear-pit, and aviary, where curiosity, amuse- ment and instruction can be alike gratified; sea-saws, swings, parallel bars, horizontal bars, giant strides, horses, trapeze, and every form of entertainment for boys and girls. With such an array of attrac- tions for the relaxation of the Buffalonians, young or old, there should remain no desire ungratified. ', Several magnificent avenues, a hundred feet or more in width, have been opened from various points to the parks. These avenues converge and diverge into large, hollow squares, circles and other figured plots of beautified grounds. Alto- gether, the Park and its surroundings must make all, who have not the happiness to live in Buffalo, feel that " their lines have [not] fallen in pleasant places." We refer the reader to Chapter VI., for the pres- ent condition of the Park and its needs, in an extract from the recent message of Mayor Brush to the Common Council. It will there be seen that during a single month of last year more than ten thousand people visited one portion of the Park by way of one street railway alone. THE CRECHE. A "Creche" is one of the benevolent insti- tutions of Buffalo, which has recently attracted considerable attention, from the fact that a wealthy New York gentleman, named Fitch, has donated property towards its support, of the value of twenty thousand dollars. Confessing to ignorance of the meaning of the name, as well as the object of the institution, a gentleman enlightened us in both respects. And now, that others may have the benefit of his superior knowledge as well as we, his written explanation is here transcribed: " Creche is a French word, and means literally a manger for cattle and sheep. La Sante Creche — the Holy Manger. The idea of the charity which the name represents in this country, is, I am informed, also of French derivation, and is simply a Nursery, where working women can leave their children, and infants particularly, to be fed and tended during the day, while the mother pursues her wonted vocation untrammeled. " The institution is a popular one in France and other European countries, where the labor of women is utilized more than here. The scheme is not so universally popular here as it might be, from the fact that the premises donated for the purpose, on Swan street, are in some instances miles from the homes of those for whom the charity would be most greatly beneficial; and our new Mayor, in talking the matter over, suggested that instead of having one large establishment for such a purpose, it would be far better and more useful to provide numerous small ones in the various quarters of the city — a suggestion that strikes me as obviously wise." As it might be feared a charity such as this would be objectionable, on the ground that immorality would be thereby fostered, and illegitimate children principally become the recipients of the Society's care, we are pleased to note their determination to fight vice to the death, as expressed in the follow- ing preamble and resolution recently adopted unanimously: " Whereas^ Cases of illegitimate children [of which nearly one hundred and fifty arising during the last year, are now known to this Society,] impose heavy burdens upon society, pecuniary and otherwise, Resolved^ That in the judgment of this Society, it is the duty of the officials having such cases in charge, to require from the guilty fathers full indemnity to the city and county against all expenses for the care of such children and their mothers. And that they prosecute them criminally to the extent of the law, and that the Society will sustain suc'i authorities in every way in which it can properly act in the premises." We give the accompanying note as a token of the interest felt in the Creche: Buffalo, January 8th, 1S80. My Dear Sir — On behalf of the Creche Committee of the Charity Organization Society, I beg to return through yen thanks to Miss Maria M. Love, Miss Fannie Chamberlain, Mrs. George Gorham, Miss Adams, Miss Drake, Miss Love, Mr. S. Douglass Cornell, Mr. Townsend Davis, Mr. J. R. Drake, Mr. C. K. Horton, Mr. Thomas Cary and Mr. Wm. Walker, who took part in the Amateur Dramatic Entertain- ments of the 18th and 19th ult., at the Academy of Music, for their valuable " scrap of paper," as represented by your check for $188 this day received. Very respectfully, James H. Dokmer, Chairman Creche Committee. To B. B. Hamilton, Esq., Treasurer. NEWSPAPERS. Since the year 1811, seventy-one years ago, when, the Buffalo Gazette first displayed its little din^y columns to the delighted eyes of the few dwellers in the village, there has been considerable change, as well in the number of readers as in the quality of the reading matter. While the Gazette no longer gladdens its ancient readers nor their de- scendents, there is a host of newspapers, of large dimensions and of great intellectual force, occupy- ing the ground. Perhaps in no particular does the city of Buffalo appear to better advantage than in that to which it has been led by the press of the city. The clash of opposing views in politics, when ably expounded and temperately expressed, sharpens the intellectual faculties, and makes men more earnest and useful citizens. The result is seen on every hand, in the various occupations, as well as in the multiplicity of educational, benevolent, social and religious associations, which so ramify through every station of life as to bring into full activity all the virtues of the people. One might wonder how the industrious popula- tion of the city ever found time to glance over the teeming columns of the numerous papers — daily, weekly and monthly — that flood the city, but to men of good habits, inured to the improvement of every hour from early boyhood, there is a time for all things, and among these the time for reading is not the least in importance. ISot only have they 32 BUFFALO AND ENVIONS. the wealth of newspaper literature constantly at hand, but books in endless variety, are also theirs. Of the newspapers there are eight printed daily, four in English and four in German; and one tri- weekly, in English. Of weeklies there are sixteen, nine English and seven German; also one semi- monthly, English; and six monthlies, five English and one German; making altogether an array of fugitive literature remarkable for quantity as well as quality. We append a list of the papers: DAILY. Buffalo Express. Buffalo Courier. Buffalo Commercial Advertiser. Buffalo Evening Republic. Buffalo Daily Demokrat. Buffalo Volksfreund. Buffalo Freie Presse. Buffalo Taeglicher Republikaner. TRI-WEEKLY. Buffalo Commercial Advertiser. WEEKLY. Buffalo Courier. Buffalo Commercial Advertiser. Buffalo Express. Weekly Weltburger. Buffalo Volksfreund. Buffalo Freie Presse. Die Aurora. , Buffalo Christian Advocate. Buffalo Catholic Union. Die Tribuene. Sunday Morning News. Queen City. Weekly Bulletin. Sunday Morning Times. Die Christliche Woche. Die Wachende Kirche. SEMI-MONTHLY. United Workmen. MONTHLY. Our Record. Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal. Die Wachende Kirche. Buffalo School Journal. Guard of Honor. Royal Templar and Index. THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. One of the most interesting features of any community, is their school system. Without schools there can be no intellectual progress; nothing but a stationary, animal existence. There may be, and doubtless are, such communities in secluded places in this country, but Buffalo never was a place of which this could be truthfully said. As early as 1801, Mr. Ellicott makes the follow- ing entry in his journal, under date of Aug. 14th: " Went to Buffalo, alias New Amsterdam, to lay off a lot for a school house, the inhabitants offering to erect one at their own expense." The ground belonged to the Holland Company, and Mr. Ellicott was their surveyor. O. G. Steele, Esq., in a lecture before the Buffalo Historical Society, in January, 1863, says: "About 1807, a Scotchman, by the name of Sturgeon, taught school on Main street, near the present residence of Alanson Robinson. The house had but one window, and that without glass; plenty of light, however, was admitted through the openings between the logs. A small pine table and three benches made of slabs, constituted the whole furniture." That could not have been built for a school house, as it appears that the first school house was not shingled until the winter of 1S0S-9. Mr. Steele further says: "The first records* afford conclusive evidence of the necessity of a school. The spelling is especially free and easy, without apparent consciousness of any authority. School house is spelt "scool hous;" meeting is spelt sometimes "meating," and sometimes "met- ing;" and committee is spelt as Christian people spell "comity." The most atrocious thing, how- ever, is, that the name of Mr. Seth Steele, which occurs several times in the record, is uniformly spelt " Steal." We are indebted to Crisfield Johnson, Esq., for information relative to the first school house that ever v reared its walls in the town of Buffalo, and it shows two things very conclusively, viz: the then ignorance of the people in rudimentary education, and their desire to learn. We quote from his com- munication in the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser, of Nov. 6th, 1S75: "Those who feel an interest in the early history of Buffalo, will be gratified to learn that there is now in existence, among the miscellaneous papers of the Historical Society, a document giving an authentic account of the beginning of school house building in the city of Buffalo. This is nothing less than the original account book, containing the subscriptions and payments toward building the 'little red school house,' of historic fame. " It is only a memorandum book of coarse paper, with probably the roughest brown pasteboard cover ever seen on a book; yet it is extremely interesting, not only as giving an authentic account of the erection of the first school house in the city, and as showing the names of a large proportion of the inhabitants of the then infant village, but also because it is one of the very few documents relating to local history which survived the burning of the village in 1813. With the solitary exception of the town-book of the town of Erie, from 1805 to 1S1S, the account-book is the most valuable article to the student of local history in the whole collection of the Buffalo Historical Society. The following is a literal copy of the first page: '"At a meeting of the Inhabitance of the Vilage of Buffaloe meet on the twenty-ninth day of March Eighteen hundred & seven at Joseph Landon's Inn by a Vote of Sd meeting Zenas Barker in the chair for the purpos to arect a School Hous in Sd Vil- lage by a Subscription of the Inhabitanse. " 'also Voted that Samuel Pratt, Joseph Landon & Joshua Gillett be a committee to See that they are appropriated on the School House above men- tioned which Subscriptions are to be paid in by the first day of June next or Such part of it as Shall be wanted bv that time.' * The record book above referred to was handed to Mr. O. G. Steele by Mr. Iieniamin Hodge, and dated back to 1815. ITJffALO AJMD ElVVIKOiNZ. 33 "And the following is a lis! cf the subscribers and the amount subscribed by each: Sylvanus Mabee* , . . . .$2C OO Zenas Barker 10 oo Thomas Fourth 3 oo Joshua Gillett ij oo Joseph Wells 7 oo John Johnson io oo . Nathaniel W. Sever io oo Isaac H. Bennett 3 oo Levi Strong 5 oj William Hull 10 00 Samuel Piatt 22 00 Richard Mann 5 OO Isabel Adkins 5 00 Samuel Andrews I 00 Garret Freeland 1 00 Billa Sherman 87^ "All the subscriptions are dated March 30th, 1807, the day after the meeting. Each man's name was placed on a page of the book and charged with the amount subscribed, and then credited with the amount paid, either by cash, labor or material. " The carpenter work appears to have been all done by Levi Strong and George Hith, whose accounts are also in the book. Their bills for work amounted to sixty-eight dollars and fifty cents. The credits for work and material were mostly in April, 1807, showing that the building was started immediately after the subscription. ****** it was n0 (- un til the tenth of Nov., 1808, eight months after Buffalo had become the county seat of Niagara county, that the shingles were procured for the school house, when two thousand were furnished by Samuel Pratt. " The building was doubtless finished up for use that winter (1S08-9), for, on the twenty-third of May, 1809, there was a general settling up, and the last entries of small cash payments are made in the book. " Most of the subscribers, including Pratt, Mabee, Landon, Barker, Gillett and Wells, paid up in full, but some appear to have failed in part, and a few entirely. " The total amount of subscription paid was one hundred and one dollars. The commissioners allowed five hundred dollars to pay for it! " Such is the authentic history of the building of the 'little red school house;' the only one in Buffalo before the war of 1812." Having now presented to our readers the graphic description of Public School number «,\ve proceed to show the contrast between then and now. At the present time the public schools of Buffalo number FIFTY-ONE; (forty-two owned by the city, and nine by private parties.) We will show how the school system now stands, with a copy lying before us of city superintendent Fox's report, dated December 13th, 1879, to the Supt. of Public Instruction, at Albany. The whole number of children of school age, who attended the public schools some portion of *This is our old friend who challenged Col. Ransom to fight a duel. As, on thjit account, we spoke rather slight- ingly of him, in a former part of our book, we now desire to make amends, and take off our hat to the man who so handsomely headed the subscription list for the first school house in Buffalo, and paid it, too. the year ending Sept. 30th, was 24,716. These were taught by forty-four males and four hundred and fifteen females, making a total of four hundred and fifty-nine teachers; the schools being kept open forty weeks and two days, during the year. Of the forty-two school houses owned by the city, four are framed, one of stone, and thirty-seven of brick. The school house sites are valued at $175,650, and the school houses at $579,250 — total $754,000. With this large sum of money invested in school houses, and so strong a force of able teachers, the public have a right to expect good educational results; and we have no doubt, from what we have learned, that the work has been done satisfactorily. The following exhibit will display in some detail the annual cost of keeping up this vast educational machine: RECEIPTS. Balance on hand, Oct. 1, 1878, $131,470 61 Amount both for teachers wages and library, apportioned to the city by the State Super- intendent, 80,003 x 3 Amount raised by tax on property for all school purposes, within the school year, 257,303 54 Amount received from all other sources, 2,067 28 Total $470,844 56 PAYMENTS. For teachers' wages during the year ending Sept. 30, 1879, exclusive of colored schools, $277,528 60 For libraries, including all moneys applicable to that purpose, -- 1,50000 For colored schools: teachers' wages and all other expenses, 869 53 The following seven items were paid out of moneys raised by local assessments, viz: For building and purchasing school houses, $ 7.385 61 For hiring school houses, .. 1 i3 I 4 37 For repairing and insuring school houses 10,508 12 For fences, sidewalks, outhouses and improving sites, I1570 64 For furniture: such as chairs, tables, bells, &c, 1,216 99 For rebinding library books, 101 90 For interest on outstanding local orders 2,679 55 Total, carried into outside column, 24,777 *3 For all other incidental expenses, viz.: fuel, and preparing it for use, 6,400 00 For building fires and cleaning school houses, 9,800 00 For salaries of Superintendent, office clerk and others, excepting teach- ers, and including office expenses, &c, i4i5 IQ 7 2 Total, carried into outside column, 3°i7i9 72 Amount remaining on hand, Sept. 30, 1879, - '35-449 48 Total $47°^44 5 6 Notwithstanding the number and excellence of the public schools, there are here, as in all other cities, many people who choose to send their child- ren to private schools. Superintendent Fox reports that there are no less than forty-nine pri- vate schools of ordinary grade, and that the num- ber of pupils who attended those schools during the year, was eight thousand, nine hundred and ninety-five. With so large a number in the private schools and nearly twenty-five thousand in the others, we may readily suppose that few, if any, of the rising generation in Buffalo, will fail of obtaining some degree of a school education. 34 BUFFALO AND ENVIONS. FOREST LAWN CEMETERY. At the distance of about two miles and a half north of Court and Main streets, lies a body of land which measures two hundred and thirty acres. It has been dedicated as a City of the Dead, forever, and is known as " Forest Lawn." Twelve trustees give their gratuitous services towards holding and beautifying the grounds. A little more than fifteen years ago, namely, on the nineteenth of Nov.. 1S64, the Buffalo City Cemetery Association was organized under the gen- eral law for such puqioses; and on the twenty- eighth of Sept. 1866, the cemetery, at that time consisting of two hundred and seventeen acres, was consecrated, with appropriate services. There was no paid-up capital, nor was there intended to be, except about $50,000, which was advanced by fifty-seven friends of the project, who took the bonds of the Association, payable in ten years, subject, however, to the pre-payment of any part in burial lots. It was calculated by those who originated the enterprise, that in the space of about thirteen years they would be able to pay the entire indebtedness, (131,650) together with the accumulating interest, and all expenses for improvements, labor, &c; being at the rate of about $10,000 per year. To their great gratification the whole indebtedness was liquidated in a considerably shorter period; no less than $40,000 being paid off in the first two years. Indeed, at the end of the thirteen years they had not only paid off the whole of that large indebted- ness, but had also paid a further sum of $51,630, for some twenty-seven acres additional. The whole cost of the ground is now about $iS5,ooo; to which add, up to this time, for buildings, planting trees, making avenues and bridges, excavating lakes, regulating the water courses, drainage, laying side- walks, fences and material, and salaries of officers and assistants, and an additional charge of $198,531 has resulted; making the whole outlay to this time $38l,53l- There are now upwards of twenty-five hundred lot owners; and the sums of money that have been expended by them for monuments, tombs and . mausolea, aggregate more than a million of dollars. The grounds being no longer incumbered with debt, the managers have but the duty remaining to perpetually improve and embellish the grounds, with the proceeds of future sales of lots. As so large a body of land can absorb an indef- initely large sum in furtherance of that general object, the lot owners can rely upon a constantly increasing beauty and attractiveness, in the home which they have selected for their lost ones. The adornment of the last resting place of our departed friends, is one of those modern ideas, which distinguish the present generation from their predecessors, and makes us feel that there is a stronger and more lasting tie between the living and the dead, than obtained in former times. Now we strive to remember our dead, formerly we strove to forget them. Now we build them lovely tombs and embellish the grounds round about, making the spot attractive; formerly weeds and brambles were allowed to choke and hide the sight of the grave from the living. The trustees who so devotedly employ themselves in the sacred labor of making this cemetery all that can be desired, «re: Francis H. Root, Dexter P. Rumsey, Orasmus H. Marshall, James D.. Sawyer, Henry Martin, Lewis F. Allen, George Howard, * Oliver G. Steele, George Truscott, Richard Bullymore, D. R. Morse, John M. Hutchinson. SCHOLASTIC AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS. TH E PRESS, CLIMATIC STATISTICS AND DIVERSE INTERESTS. In referring to the educational advantages pos- sessed by this city, in a previous page we omitted special mention of some prominent institutions that are, in consideration of their usefulness, en- titled to more than incidental mention. Of these, perhaps one of the most conspicuous, is the "Buffalo Female Academy, "which for nearly thirty years has exerted a powerful and beneficenl influence in the education and culture of young women and girls. This Academy is situated or one of the most delightful avenues in America (Delaware), and enjoys all the advantages of ample grounds and almost rural surroundings, with those conveniences and comforts that^ pertain only tc large and well organized communities. The institution was incorporated in 185 1, and is therefore in the thirtieth year of its usefulness, and as yet may be regarded as being only in the very morning of its career. For more than twenty years the Academy has been under the superin- tendence of Rev. Albert T. Chester, D. D., aj Principal, aided by a faculty eminent for profes- sional scholastic attainments. The curriculun embraces besides the ordinary English branches c complete course in the Latin, French and Ger. man languages — Chemistry and Natural Philo. sophy, Composition, Rhetoric, Vocal and Instru- mental Music, while physical developement bj means of calasthenics and dancing is not over- looked. Under the talented direction of Ammi M. Farnham, an artist whose reputation is not confined to this country, pupils are carefully in- structed in drawing and painting with results that fully endorse the practice and theory pursued as well as the ability of the preceptor. For pupils of tender years a Kindergarten or Jardin dcs en f ants, has been organized under the management of Miss Katharine Chester, who as a disciple of Froebel acquired a thorough knowledge of that great educator's system in Massachusetts where she received a diploma as an accomplished Kindergartner. In all respects the Buffalo Female Academy must be regarded as a model institution, and one capable of affording a noble culture for the mothers of a coming generation. Another prominent educational institution, and one that can not be omitted in this connection, is St. Joseph's College, conducted under the -Kyis of the Catholic Church by the " Christian Bro- thers." In spite of sectarian proclivities in another.direc- tion we feel compelled to say that this College which was founded in 1S61, is performing a grand work in the education of youth upon the broadest basis of intellectual and moral culture. To be es- sentially and eminently usefulrto those that require * Dead. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 35 its benefits most, collegiate charges for board and tuition should be reduced as nearly as possible to absolute cost. In the case of St. Joseph's this has been clone. By the labor of these Christian Brothers who have devoted their lives with unpaid ardor to the work of education, the expense of a thorough classic and academic course has been so curtailed as to place its inestimable advantages within the reach of comparative indigence, thus widely ex- tending its active and practical beneficence. Showing the comprehensive character of the curriculum, it may be stated that besides includ- ing all the regular English branches, it embraces the Greek, Latin, German Spanish and French languages, Chemistry, Geology, Astronomy and Natural Philosophy (with adequate apparatus), the higher Mathematics, Theoretical and Analytical Geometry, Mensuration, Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, Surveying, Navigation, Calculus, etc., Logic, Metaphysics and Ethics, special at- tention being directed to those branches involving a thorough knowledge of Mechanics, Book-keeping, Commercial Law, Correspondence, Phonography, Drawing, and in the realm of purely graceful at- ainment, Vocal and Instrumental Music. Our space forbids further mention, but the in- terested reader can obtain fullest particulars by ad- dressing Brother Frank, President of St. Joseph's College, this city. \-»V4*. BVlE5LK\_o . W VIEW OF ST. JOSEPH S COLLEGE. For the acquirement of an exclusively com- mercial education, the Business College of Bryant & Stratton affords advantages worthy of special note. This institution was established in 1S54, and has now therefore for more than a quarter of a century pursued a career of uninterrupted usefulness in fitting young men for an intelligent mastery of Book-keeping, Penmanship, Stenography, Tele- graphy, the German language, Correspondence, Commercial Law and Mathematics. In order to reduce all theories to a practical issue the College is converted from time to time into one vast counting house, where in banking, commission, importing, jobbing, transportation, underwriting and general merchandising, affairs are transacted upon a scale that affords ample illustration for every pupil. The faculty is composed of seven experienced educators, and those branches to which consideration is devoted, are taught with a perspicuity and thoroughness worthy of the highest approval. Of numerous other collegiate establishments the Boarding and Day School of Mrs. Richard Wil- liams for young ladies and children at No. 254 Franklin street, is generally and very justly con- sidered a favorite institution where with all the re- fining influences of home, and the gentle obser- vances of true culture, the character of the pupil is not neglected, while the intellect is expanding under the careful and experienced guidance of Mrs. Williams and a corps of able assistants. The Heathcote School for boys only was organ- ized in 1S65, and while entirely undenominational in its course or customs, may be considered as be- ing under the protection of the Episcopalian Church, the Rt. Rev. A. Cleveland Coxe, D. D., LL. D., acting as President of the Board of Trustees. The school is not designed for board- ers, but affords every facility for a thorough Academic education, and is in the highest repute. The Misses Hill's School for young ladies at No. 443 Delaware avenue, is also entitled to commendation. It was founded by the Misses Hill's in 1847, and has enjoyed a reputation that marks it as an institution to which parents may 36 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. confide their daughters with implicit confidence, secure in the conviction that nothing will be left undone to promote a healthy, moral and mental developement. The School and Kindergarten of Mrs. and Miss Hoffman at No. 623 Delaware avenue, was com- menced in 1876, and its projectors are deserving of high praise for having been the first to introduce into the city the Froebel system, the inestimable advantages of which are even yet but little under- stood or appreciated outside of the highly edu- cated and thoughtful classes. It is gratifying therefore to find that the school has been and is eminently prosperous, so much so indeed that a training class has been formed for instructing ladies, teachers and others in Kinder- garten work, which opens in October. To this opportunity we seriously direct the at- tention of those who desire to be regarded as ac- complished educators; the time being at hand when ignorance of the Froebel system will prove a great professional drawback. On the 30th of April, 1879, was organized the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and incorporated under the State law of 1S4S; being endowed with all the rights and privileges neces- sary for granting degrees, and the prosecution of a successful career. In the establishment of this institution it was the design of its projectors to depart from the bigoted medical sectarianism that defeats the usefulness of many, if not nearly all its cotemporaries, and inaugurate a course of study, which while having a homoeopathic bias, should embrace the highest truth pertaining to all sys- tems. With this underlying principle of action, which must be regarded as absolutely essential for the discovery or developement of scientific knowledge the College of Physicians and Surgeons was founded by the association of the following faculty, eminent in practice and the lucid exposition of medical philosophy: Hon. George W. Cothran, LL. D., Professor of Medical Jurisprudence; S. W: Wetmore, M. D., Dean and Professor of Principles and Practice of Surgery and Clinical Surgery; S. N. Brayton, M. D., Registrar, and Professor of Theory and Prac- tice of Medicine; Hubbard A. Foster, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Electro-Thera- p utics; Rolin R. Gregg, M. D., Lecturer on Tuberculosis and Diseases of Children; F. D. Pierce, M.D., Professor of Physiology and Hygiene; A. A. Hubbell, M. D., Professor of Opthalmology and Otology; Wm. H. Dopp, A. B., Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology; John S. Halbert, M. D., Adjunct to the Chair of Surgery, and Lecturer on Obstetrics; John H. Wheeldon, M. D., Lec- turer on Psychological Medicine and Diseases of the Nervous System; T. C. Becker, Esq,, Adjunct to the Chair of Medical Jurisprudence; C. F. Howard, M. D., Demonstrator and Adjunct to the Chair of Anatomy. In conjunction with and as an auxilliary to tms great educational work, a monthly journal has been established entitled " The Physicians' and Surgeons' Investigator," an octavo magazine conducted by the faculty, and under the special management of S. W. Whetmore, M. D., as editor-in-chief, and S. N. Brayton, M. D., man- aging editor. Though but in its fifth issue a circulation has been achieved of over 2,000 copies and the breadth and acumen with which it is marked on every page, as a reflex of what may be called the " modern school," gives every indication of a still wider field of usefulness. The Medical Department of the Univer- sity of Buffalo, is another institution worthy of note, as having been particularly identified with the higher educational interests of this city for more than a third of a century. Established through the efforts of such men as Prof. James P. White, M. D., Dr. Austin Flint, Millard Filmore, N. K. Hall, O. H. Marshall, Geo. R. Babcock and others, the institution was endowed with a special charter by the State as the University of Buffalo. The medical department of this College however is that which alone has per- petuated it, and given distinction to the school. Adhering closely to the Allopathic or regular system of medicine, and conducted by a faculty comprising names of national repute in scientific- attainments, the institution has during a long and prosperous career graduated many physicians who have become ornaments to the profession. As a. list of those composing council, and curators would occupy more space than at our disposal, the following names of those forming the faculty, will substantiate our statement in regard to it: James P.White, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics and Gyncecology, and President of faculty; Thomas F. Rochester, M. D., Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine; Edward M. Moore, M. D., Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery; Wm. H. Mason, M. D., Professor of Physiology and Microscopy; Julius F. Miner, M. D., Professor of Special Surgery and Clinical Surgery; E. V. Stoddard, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Hygiene; Chas. A. Doremus, Ph. D., Pro- fessor of Chemistry and Toxicology; Chas. Cary, M. D., Professor of Anatomy and Secretary of Faculty; Wm. D. Phelps, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy. The advantages presented for practical observa- tion and study in hospital work, are many, and in every department the best modern facilities are placed at the disposal of the student. "The Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal," an octavo monthly magazine under editorial charge of Thos. Lothrop, M. D., A. R. Davidson, M. D., P. W. Van Peyma, M. D., Herman Mynter, M. D., and Lucien Howe, M. D., is an able exponent of the system pursued by the University and is now in its twentieth volume. Reference to the publi.arion just mentioned, naturally leads '.o some brief consideration of the Press of Buffalo which we shall touch upon only so far as concerns the most prominent daily and weekly journals. Naming the same in order of seniority. The Buffalo Commercial Advertiser may be regarded as the oldest newspaper in Erie County, having been established in 1810 as the organ of the Federal party in this city under title of The Buffalo Gazette and published Weekly. On October 3d, 181 1, the paper was issued as a daily by S. H. & H. A. Salesbury, and conducted by them for seven years, when with some change in proprietorship, the old name was abandoned BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 37 and supplanted by Niagara Patriot. In 1820 the title was again altered to Buffalo Patriot. Till 1S35 the journal passed through several pro- prietory changes, retaining its latter title however, and on January 1st, 1835, from the same office was issued the first copy of the Daily Commercial Advertiser (edited by Guy H. Salesbury), which as time passed, absorbed the " Patriot," the "Standard" of Aurora, and the Daily Buffalo Journal a paper published by E. R. Jewett, who by this fusion in 1839, and associated with Dr. Foote, under the style of E. R. Jewett & Co., ob- tained control of the Commercial Advertiser, and conducted the same with marked ability for many years. In 1861 as successor to Elam. R. Jewett, James D. Warren, became proprietor of the "Commercial," and holds to-day the same relation to this valuable sheet. The official paper of Buffalo, and stalwart Re- publican in politics the " Commercial Adver- tiser " is the largest paper in the State outside of New York city. It is a folio printed upon a sheet 31x50^2 inches, and contains forty columns of matter. Its typrographical make up is indicative of good taste in all departments, while a large and influential circulation attests the favor with which it is popularly regarded and leads to an extensive advertising patronage. In ali respects the Commercial must be con- sidered as one of the ablest evening journals in the State, and its eminent usefulness in fostering the material interests of Buffalo is worthy of the high- est recognition. Weekly and Tri- Weekly editions condensing the general news and local current events find numerous readers throughout the country. The Buffalo Courier. In 1842 under the control of its projector Thedotus Burwell was pub- lished the Daily " Mercantile Courier and Democratic Economist," as the outcome of several older journals which were merged into it, and which expired in this way- Among these may be mentioned the Buffalo Republican a weekly dating back to the Jackson campagin of 1S28, and the first Democratic paper published in Buffalo. The present management of the " Courier " is vested in the hands of Chas. W. McCune, President and Manager of the Courier Company, who since the spring of 1875 has been concerned in the organization. Edited for many years by the late Joseph War- ren, who is universally regarded as having been one of the most distinguished journalists that ever adorned the profession in this State, The Courier achieved a wide distinction and exerted a potent influence upon National, State, and local politics. In 1876 upon the demise of Mr. Warren, David Gray, who has been connected with the paper since 1859, was called to the editorial chair, and has from that time conducted his departments of the paper with an acumen and fine literary discerne- ment, as well as political perspicacity that fully en- dorses his fitness for the position. The Courier is a morning Daily; Democratic in politics, and has been repeatedly the official paper of the county and city. It is published every day (Sunday included), contains forty col- ums folio, and displays a high standard of typo- graphic excellence. As the most prominent mouth-piece of its party in this section of the State the Courier has secured a handsome circulation, and both through the Daily and Weekly editions, presents a means of reaching the people the value of which can not readily be over-estimated The Buffalo Express made its first appear- ance January 15, 1846, and was originated by A. M. Clapp & Co., who without much capital other than ample intellectual resources, succeeded in establishing the paper upon a tolerably satisfactoiy basis. The Express was a folio six column morn- ing daily at first, with Whig proclivities in politics, naturally becoming Republican when that party was organized. Some twelve years since Messrs. Clapp & Co., resigned control of the paper to the Express Printing Company, a joint stock organiza- tion, which later transferred all its interest to Selkirk & Co., from whom James N. Matthews, the present editor and proprietor, purchased the journal in the latter part of 1877. From this time the Express began under the impetus of trenchant editorials and a vigorously aggressive management, to enter upon a degree of influence and prosperity, commensurate with the energy and experience -ontrolling it. For fifteen years previovsly, managing editor of the " Com- mercial Advertiser," J. N. Matthews was per- fectly familiar with the varied issues engaging the attention of local politicians, and directed both his personal and journalistic attention to the de- molition of rings, detrimental to the true interests of the Republican party whose cause he espoused. With such a policy the Express soon came into public favor — its circulation increased rapidly and is now equal to that of any other city paper. A thirty-two column folio, and a model of news- paper typography, the Express is not only finan- cially prosperous, but fills a place in local and State journalism that entitles it to support and esteem. The Weekly Express which is published every Thursday, is a valuable addition to current literature, and circulates largely throughout the, rural districts of Western New York The Evening Republic, owned and controlled by the Courier Company, is a bright little twenty- eight column folio, Democratic in politics and cleverly conducted. It was established some years prior to 1863, at which time it came into possession of the above Company. These are the English daily journals of the city; in addition to which are several German news- papers which have been briefly mentioned else- where. The Sunday papers exclusive of the Courier before noticed are as follows: The Sunday Morning News founded De- cember 7, 1873, by its present proprietor, Edward H. Butler, made its debut modestly on a sheet 19x25 inches, but met with such sudden apprecia- tion as to require an enlargement in two weeks to 21x27 inches and is now published as an ample folio 31x49 with forty columns of cleverly com- piled and original matter. The News is inde- pendent in politics with Republican leanings, and claims a circulation of 12,000. In addition to this successful journalistic enterprise, Mr. Butler in April, 1879, started at Bradford, Pa., the Bradford Sunday News (with an extensive print- ing establishment), which has also achieved a very extensive circulation and is correspondingly profit- able. 38 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. The Buffalo Sunday Morning Times, is the junior journal of Buffalo, but not the less on this account entitled to recognition. It was established September 7, 1S79, by Nor- man E. Mack, and was at first issued as a quarto on a sheet 31x46 inches, but was changed to a folio 32x46 in February of the current year. The Times is a bright and spicy journal, a free lance in politics, with a large and rapidly growing cir- culation. These are in brief the chief mediums through which this community is enlightened, entertained and protected, and in comparison with the press of other cities, we can truthfully say that in native ability and literary discernment they take no second rank. CLIMATOLOGY The climatic conditions to which Buffalo is sub- jected, have been the occasion of much comment and considerable research. It has been jocularly stated by envious dwellers in less favored localities, that a Buffalonian may always be detected in a strange city by the way in which he braces up, holds his loose garments, and grabs his hat upon reaching the corner. This gentle satire has arisen from the erroneous supposition that the winds prevalent here have greater rigor and velocity than else- where. In order to set this matter definitely at rest, we have occasioned the U. S. Signal Service officer at Washington some trouble (for which he has our grateful acknowledgments) in preparing the statistical table on the following page, by which, as the unalterable dictum of science, our climate may be defended from the aspersions of the ignorant, and through which it will appear that in the moderation of Summer heat, and the uni- form mildness of our Winters, Buffalo is not ex- celled in its isothermal range, while the mortality lists show that, without exception, Buffalo is the healthiest city on this continent — in proportion to its population. By an examination of the table it will be seen that the velocity of the wind is uniformly less at Buffalo than at Cleveland, Rochester. Phila- delphia, New York, Boston, San Francisco, and but little higher than at those points sheltered by a mountainous topography. The annual temperatures in mean and mean range are such as indicate but slight variations from year to year, denoting an equable climate, while the rain fall, with the exception of twelve months out of the sixty represented, exhibits a dry and salubrious atmosphere. The reader, however, is perfectly competent to draw his own conclusions from the facts supplied, and may enlarge upon the matter to his own satis- faction. BANKS AND BANKING. In a concise examination of the Banking system of Buffalo, there are some features which will attract immediate attention and occasion remark. Of these it is noticeable that of National Banks there are but three, as follows: The First Na- tional, Fanners' and Mechanics' National and Third National, having an aggregate capital of five hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and of the first two named, particularly, we can speak in the highest terms. The State Banks number seven. and classified with reference to age, are Bank of Attica, Marine Bank, Manufacturers' and Traders' Bank, White's Bank of Buffalo, German Bank of Buffalo, Bank of Commerce, and Bank of Buffalo, representing an aggregate capital of two million one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. With the exception of the last named, which seems to be very unfortunate in its chief executive officer, these institutions are remarkable for the ability with which they are conducted, and may be looked upon as solid monuments of financial prosperity. The total accumulations of the Savings Banks (of which the Erie County is the most important) pre- sent another subject for special comment, amount- ing as they do to the enormous sum of eighteen million two hundred and forty-one thousand five hundred and seventy dollars. These deposits are entrusted to four institutions, and represent an average saving of seven hundred dollars, if so di- vided, for each family in this community. By reference to the last annual report of the Hon. Henry L. Lamb, Acting Superintendent of the Bank Department, Albany, to whom we are under obligations, it appears that, excluding New York City, the capital of the Buffalo State Banks represents twenty-eight per cent., while the re- sources amount to thirty-one and a quarter per cent, of the entire capital and resources reported by all banking organizations operating under the laws of the State of New York. Without going further into details, which may be found in another department of this work, we refer the reader to the historical sketches as embodying all that is really valuable with reference to those financial institutions of Buffalo best known and most widely respected. BUFFALO BOARD OF TRADE. The obligations under which we rest to the Buffalo Board of Trade, occasion us regret that our space will not enable us to enter at length upon a history of its organization, career and use- fulness. How much Buffalo is indebted to this institution, perhaps, even few Buffalonians are aware, and in protecting the commercial interests of this community, defeating railroad combina- tions, jealously guarding all legislation affecting the Erie Canal, and promoting navigation, the Board of Trade is the very soul and center of the enterprise of this city. That its membership is confined mainly to those interested in shipping and grain transactions, is a misfortune which every public-spirited man should make it his duty to ob- viate, by the exercise of his personal influence and co-operation in aid of the establishment in a more central locality of this organization, in some appro- priate structure especially erected for it. Looking at his interests in a true light, no trader, manu- facturer or producer in Buffalo can afford to fritter away his influence outside of some regularly au- thorized body, which converging the best trade intelligence of the community by this co-operative strength has power to effect reforms and banish abuses upon which any number of individuals alone might act in vain. It is, indeed, greatly, if not entirely, owing to the efforts of this body that the tolls were reduced upon the Erie Canal, and it ^ is more than a supposition that even the prolonged existence of this eastern outlet may be attributed directly to the Board of Trade. 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With a fund however, of over $25,000 vested in city securities and a waking up of conservative elements to a realization of the services rendered by this body, it is confidently expected that the Board of Trade will shortly find more convenient and central premises where all the material enterprises of the city may be focalized and fully represented. The incumbent officers of the Board are as follows: George Sand- rock, President; John B. Manning, Vice-Presi- dent; Nathaniel Rochester, Treasurer; and Wm, Thurstone, Secretary, these gentlemen being aided by ten Trustees. RAILROADS AND TRASPORTATION COMPANIES. Those means by whicn a community is brought into contact with the world at large, are of such momentous importance with reference to a proper unfolding of its material resources, that we are obliged to devote a brief chapter to this subject; sufficient perhaps, however, to inform the alien reader concisely of our advantages in this regard. As the center of a railway system, connecting with a net-work of roads which ramify over the entire continent, Buffalo enjoys facilities, which prop- erly employed, should place her, with reference to communities of a like population, pre-eminent. Situated mid-way between the consumer in the East and the producer in the West, and upon the great high road of travel between these sections of the country, it is natural that Buffalo should de- rive more than passing emolument from so fortui- tous a position. A short description of the main roads having termini here, will perhaps give a clearer idea of the ease with which surrounding territories are commanded. The following short summaries are therefore in order, and will place the bare facts of the situation in possession of the reader. THE LAKE SHORE & MICHIGAN SOUTHERN RAIL- ROAD connects Buffalo with Chicago and all direct intermediate points by a main line of five hun- dred and forty miles, in addition to which eleven branches and tributary leased Roads are op- erated to the extent of six hundred and thirty-seven miles, embracing the oil regions of Pennsylvania, the coal and iron districts of Ohio, the entire cen- ter of Michigan, with the entire south and west frontage of Pake Erie, and the southern part of Lake Michigan. From the tenth annual report from the officers to the stockholders of the Road, it appears that this Company owns one thousand and twenty-five miles of railway, and that of the five hundred and forty miles of the main line, two hundred and thirty-six are double track. The thoroughness in equipment and splendid prosperity of the Lake Shore Road may be partially inferred from the fact that one thousand and eighty-two miles of the track operated, are laid with steel rails, and that the gross earnings for the year 1 879 amounted to fifteen million two hundred and sev- enty-one thousand four hundred and ninety-two dollars and forty-seven cents, from which operat- ing expenses, taxes, etc., being deducted, placed the net earnings for the year at six million three hun- dred and thirty-six thousand nine hundred and six- ty-eight dollars and five cents, an increase in the gross earnings over 1878 of 9.24 per cent., and no- ticeably in the net earnings of 15.36 per cent., making the net earnings for 1879 tne largest in the history of the Road. In order to accomplish this result, it was necessary to transport during the year, seven million five hundred and forty-one thousand two hundred and ninety- four tons of freight an average distance of two hundred and twenty-nine miles, producing a revenue of eleven million two hundred and eighty-eight thousand two hundred and sixty-one dollars, at a charge per ton per mile of cent 0.642, at a cost to the Company of cent 0.398, a profit per ton per mile of cent 0.244, and it may be here stated, that the freight charges per ton per mile as given, are the lowest tariffs ever accorded by the Road to the public during its en- tire history. The number of passengers carried during the same period was two million, eight hun- dred and twenty-two thousand, one hundred and twenty-one, for an average distance each of fifty miles, the receipts for which reached three million, one hundred and thirty-eight thousand and three dollars, at an average cost to the passenger per mile of cents, 2.223, a l ess charge than has been exacted at any period during the last ten years, ex- cept during 1876, the Centennial year. The rep- resentative of the Company in this city, Mr. J. A. Burch, General Eastern Passenger Agent is a gen- tleman thoroughly qualified for his position, which, with his uniform courtesy, fully entitles him to the consideration with which he is regarded. NEW YORK CENTRAL & HUDSON RIVER RAILROAD having its western terminus in Buffalo, with which it connects New York City, through the most beautiful and fertile portions of the State, is another of those gigantic avenues of civilization which has become, through the talent of its man- agement, one of the greatest railroads in the United States. The characteristics of the Road may be briefly stated as follows: Length of road owned, 740.17 miles, which with three additional tracks and leased lines to the extent of about 354 miles, gives the total length of track operated in 1879 as 2,511.49 miles, The net earnings of the propety during the same year amounted to $12,- 273,510, while the gross business from all sources amounted to $28,396,583, the expenses being 56.77 per cent, of gross revenue. The report from which we take our figures is extremely interesting and shows among other items a transportation during the period which it covers of 31,482 cars of cattle, 10,825 cars of hogs, 3,571 cars of sheep, 1,027 cars of horses, making a grand total of 46,905 cars of stock shipped over the road for the year. The amount of freight carried was 9,015,753 tons in the aggregate, while the passengers making use of the Road numbered 8,130,543, at a charge for first class through passengers of 1. 98 cents per mile, first class way passengers, 2 and 2. 50 cents; the minimum rate being for emigrant through passengers, who were taxed for transit the incredibly small sum of 1 . 1 3 cents per mile. We regret that our space pre- vents us from giving the report in detail, but for further information desired, would refer the reader BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 41 to Mr. R. H. Noble, the resident General Fassenger Agent of the Company at this point, who will gladly afford such enlightenment and facilities as may properly come within the range of his department. NEW YORK, LAKE ERIE & WESTERN RAILROAD. From the annual report of this Road, for the fiscal year ending September 13, 1879, we ex- tract the following facts which are strongly indica- tive of the impetus this Railway has received through the splendid management of Mr. Hugh J. Jewett, whose connection with the road since 1874 has been of inestimable service in promoting its prosperity. With western termini at Buffalo, Dunkirk and Niagara, the main line, after connecting with Rochester by a branch, trends to the Southeast, and traverses in a very direct line to New York — some of the most delightful and romantic scenery in the world. Including offshoots there are nine hundred and twenty-eight miles of road in opera- tion, while the entire number of miles of track in main line and branches is twelve hundred and ninety-two, of which eight hundred and thirteen miles are of steel. The third rail was completed to Jersey City December 24. 187S, thus giving a continuous standard gauge of four feet eight and one-half inches from Jersey City to Buffalo, Interna- tional and Suspension Bridges. The extent to which improvements have been carried on, must result in a large increase of business, not less than two million two hundred and sixty-three thousand two hundred and eighteen dollars being applied to the purchase of property in Buffalo, the erection of a new engine house and machine shops, passen- ger depot and sheds, grain elevator with a capacity of seven hundred thousand bushels, besides the purchase and completion of a basin, wharves, sheds, and a grain elevator of one million three hundred thousand bushels capacity, in Jersey City, thirty-eight locomotives, the laying of the third rail, second track, side and third tracks, bridge superstructure, etc. The gross earnings during the twelve months on the date before given, amounted to within $58,000 of $16,000,000; the net earnings being $4, 767, 323, which were increased to over $5,000,000 by returns from other sources. Compared with 1878, the re- port shows an increase in gross earnings of about $300,000, which may be considered as a healthy sign of the direction taken by the business of the Road. Mr. J. H. Bartlett, the Northern Passen- ger Agent of the Road here, is thoroughly alive to the interests of the Company, and by his vigilence and energy is largely instrumental in fostering its objects, that a career of increased usefulness and prosperity awaits the New York, Lake Erie & Western Railroad, seems certain. BUFFALO, NEW YORK & PHILADELPHIA RAILROAD. The main and only line of this Road ex- tends from Buffalo, N. Y. to Emporium, Pa., a distance of one hundred and twenty-one miles, where by connection with other lines, an out- let is secured to New York and Philadelphia. Un- der able management, this Railway should be ena- bled to take a prominent position and become an extremely remunerative property. The President of the Company, Sherman S. Jewett, might be invaluable to the satirist as an illustration of a Railway snob; it is very doubtful, however, whether under his direction, the Road will ever achieve the success to which its undoubtedly great natural advantages entitle it. By the last report of the State Engineer, it appears from the sworn state- ment of the proper officers, that the gross earnings of the Road for the year ending December 31, 1878, amounted to $864,868.59, a sum totally out of keeping with a revenue, which should accrue under an able administration, though the minimum rate of fare charged for first class through passen- gers per mile is three cents, and for way passengers of the same class, three and one-half cents. The funded debt of the Road, as shown by the report, has increased from $3,449,500 in 1877, to $3,807,- 500 in 1S7S. What the condition of the Road is at present we are not able to ascertain, as, for reasons which are probabiy best known to himself, the President declined to furnish any information. CANADA SOUTHERN RAILROAD. This road is most favorably located for doing a successful business. Having an extent of 467.55 miles of road under one management, with its eastern termini at Buffalo and Niagara, through which the entire network of eastern, northeastern and southeastern roads are reached, it sweeps west- ward with such directness that ninety-six per cent* of the entire road is claimed to be straight, with no opposing grade exceeding fifteen feet to the mile. It forms a short route from Buffalo to Chi- cago, and a favorite line to Detroit with close con- nections to Toledo and St. Louis; and being built to the American standard gauge of four feet eight and one-half inches, offers ever)' facility for the ready passage of cars from any of our roads. The following statement, which was kindly fur- nished us by Frank E. Snow, Esq., General Pas- senger and Ticket Agent, Buffalo, bearing date January 21, 1S80, exhibits the amouat of rolling stock now employed by the Company, in the move- ment of their large passenger and freight business: Engines employed, 88; passenger cars, etc., 52; freight equipment, 2,649 cars, besides 654 leased cars. The annual report for the year ending December, 31, 1879, says: " The total earnings were $2,995,365.68, against $2,480,872.65 in 1878. The total operating expenses were $2,448,090.41, leaving net earnings of $547,275.27. Deducting from this $391,452.50, accrued interest on the new first mortgage bonds, leaves a surplus of $155,822.- 77, against $157,188.18 in 1878." THE GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY Mileage is one thousand two hundred and seventy- four miles, plus its extension 330 miles from Port Huron to Chicago, which has just been opened. For the Grand Trunk (not including this extension) the Company have 434 engines and 9,526 cars of all kinds, viz: 426 first and second-class and smoking coaches, and 9,100 freight cars. In the year ended 31st December last, 2,632,- 296 tons were shipped over the Line, and for the year ended 30 June, 1879, 1,975,519 passengers were transported. There is no important city, town, village or hamlet in Canada, from Toronto to Halifax or St. John, New Brunswick, which can be reached "all rail " from Buffalo, except via the Grand Trunk; and there is scarcely one of importance west of 42 BUFFALO AND ENVRIONS. Toronto, to which this road does not offer at least equal advantages with competing lines, this being the only rail route to all points east of Toronto. The construction of the International Bridge at Buffalo greatly facilitated its business, as shown by the fact that while, before its construction, in 1873, 129,591 tons crossed the Niagara at this point, last year 367,264 tons crossed the bridge by this road. The main line runs from Portland, Me., to Detroit Mich., from Buffalo to Detroit, and by its close connections with the Intercolonial Railway, we may say from the sea board through the Dominion to Detroit, Mich. Or, considering its new extension -via Port Huron to Chicago, the Line runs from Portland, Me., to Chicago, 111., and of course from St. John and Halifax, also, to Chicago. The Grand Trunk Railway opened up to Buffalo not only large districts on the western peninsula of Canada, which had been previously inaccessible to its trade, but the whole of the Dominion east of Toronto extending to the Atlantic. Mr. T. D. Sheridan acts as Passenger Agent, and Mr. S. S. McCrea as Freight Agent for this Company in Buffalo, and both gentlemen are tho- roughly alive to the interests of the Road, using every energy in furtherance of its objects. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY OF CANADA. By means of this road direct connections are made from Buffalo with Toronto, Hamilton, Suspension Bridge and Fort Erie, which form the eastern ter- mini of the road, the main line from these points extends to Detroit, and by the Sarina Branch reaching Port Huron; other branch lines ramifying through the northern part of the Dominion. In conjunction with its immediate ally, the Michigan Southern Railway, the Great Western is enabled to command an excellent route from all its eastern termini to Chicago in the West, and with its east- ern associates to reach every available point east and south of the Suspension Bridge. The road was originally commenced in 1834, and is there- fore one of the oldest on this continent. Unfor- tunately for the interests of the road, the gauge was established five feet six inches, which, in a great measure, deprived it of the advantages of a perfect connection with the American system. This defect was remedied, however, in 1S70, and the revenue of the first six months thereafter in- creased upwards of $100,000. The earnings in- creased so rapidly that in 1S72 the through traffic yielded nearly $500,000 more than the prevsous year's receipts for the same class of business. The rolling stock of the road consists in part of 216 lo- comotives, 162 first and second-class coaches, 3 dining cars and in post-office, baggage and con- ductor's cars. Of freight cars there are 4,5S6, and in every respect the road is equal, both for the ac- commodation of passengers and for the rapid transit of freight,' to any with which we are ac- quainted. The General Passenger Agent, Mr. William Edgar, is located in Hamilton, Ont., and is not only assiduous in transacting the business of the Company, but in promoting the convenience of the traveling public. The Great Western is represented in Buffalo by Mr. L. M. Harper, from whom all detailed information can be ob- tained. THE BUFFALO & SOUTH-WESTERN RAILROAD was organized on January 1st, 1878, out of what was formerly the Buffalo & Jamestown Railroad. The line of its main track is between Buffalo and Jamestown, N. Y., a distance of sixty-seven and a half miles, with about ten miles of side track. It connects with the New York, Lake Erie & Western Railway at Dayton for Bradford and all points in the Upper Oil Country, connects at the D., A. V. & P. junction with the Dunkirk, Alle- gheny Yalley & Pittsburg Railway for Pittsburg and all points in the Lower Oil Country, tapping the Atlantic & Great Western Railroad at Jamestown for all poirrts in the South, South-West, West and North-West. This road affords the most avail- able outlet to South-Western Pennsylvania, East- ern Ohio and the Ohio River Yalley Country, and is constantly growing in public favor under its present management. The country intersected is exceedingly picturesque as well as agriculturally productive, and as Jamestown is not excelled in this section as a Summer resort, the traffic over the road must of necessity be marked by an annual increase. From the last report we ascertain that the rolling stock of the road consists in all of five hundred and fifty-three cars of different classes and eleven locomotives; 122,545 passengers were carried during the year, while the freightage amounted to 326,002 tons. The President of the company, John F. Moulton, is an acknowledged expert in railroad matters, and is ably assisted by A. S. McAllister, whose manifold duties as Secre- tary, Treasurer and General Passenger Agent are invariably performed in a manner indicative of efficiency and experience. The other officers of the road are Henry Martin, Yice-President; Jos- eph Deuel, General Freight Agent; J. A. Read, Auditor; and C. A. Brunn, Assistant Superinten- dent. These in brief are the great land channels through which Buffalo exerts an influence upon the outer world, and by means of which her trade is enabled to reach every available locality. By the water-ways already referred to, her facilities are not less complete, and perhaps, in considera- tion of the cheap freightage thus afforded, even more coudncive to her welfare. UNION STEAMBOAT COMPANY. Of the numerous transportation lines and steam- boat companies which center here, the Union Steamboat Company is accorded precedence with eighteen steamers and two schooners, having a total tonnage capacity of twenty-seven thousand tons. The company presents equal advantages for passenger or freight traffic between Buffalo and Cleveland, Detroit, Port Huron, Mackinac Bea- ver Islands, Washington Harbor, Menomonee, Fish Creek, Green Bay, Milwaukee, Chicago, Detour, Sault Ste. Marie, Marquette, Houghton, Hancord, Duluth, and all intermediate points on Lake Superior; freight steamers sailing daily, and passenger steamers Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sat- urdays throughout the season. We are glad to notice indications of prosperity by the construction of the splendid new .steamer " Rochester" at the Union Dry Dock in this city, twenty-two hundred ton burden, two hundred and seventy feet in BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 43 length, forty-foot beam and eighteen feet deep, a vessel which, when completed, will be perhaps the finest on the great Chain of Lakes. The manage- ment of the company is placed in the hands of S. S. Guthrie, President; and W. Bullard, General Manager; and its affairs are conducted in such a manner as to make this line not only popular, but profitable. THE COMMERCIAL LINE OF STEAMERS consists of six first-class propellers, having an aggre- gate of eight thousand eight hundred and fifty tons burden, also affords accommodation for freight ship- pers in prompt and rapid transit that gives it a large share of the trade. Under the management of Charles Ensign, who is the joint owner of the line with George W. Holt, the success of the en- terprise is thoroughly established. THE WESTERN TRANSPORTATION COMPANY, whicli was incorporated in 1855, is one of the old- est and staunchest corporations of the kind, and owns thirteen passenger and freight vessels which, running in connection with the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, reach all points on the Lakes. For export goods this company makes bills of lading through to European ports, whereby the (.onvenience of the exporter is greatly facili- tated. John Allen, Jr., of this city, is President and Manager of the company, and John L. Wil- liams, Secretary and Treasurer. THE BUFFALO TRANSPORTATION COMPANY was established to facilitate the movement of freight between the East and the West, and to receive freight in New York City for shipment to any point on the lakes or railroad lines. The company takes entire charge of the goods, and are prepared to forward by canal, lake or rail, at the option of the shipper, granting him bills of lading, and relieving him from all further trouble in the matter. They posses extensive warehouses in this city, into which all the trunk lines run by sidings, and have excel- lent facilities for conducing the business on a large scale, The company is represented here by Sherman Brothers, 92 Lloyd street, and in New York City by David Eales & Co., 14 South street. STOCK-RAISING IN ERIE COUNTY. Though commercial in its character, some men- tion of the various resources of Erie County should find a place here, and apart from the wear and tear of trade, we turn for a moment to say a few brief words with regard to a taste for breeding fine horses and cattle, which has sprung up among a considerable number of influential citizens, during the past ten or fifteen years. It would afford us more than ordinary pleasure and solid relief to di- late upon the subject more at length than our space permits, and of such who devote their capital and leisure to this occupation, we shall mention only those whose success has been thoroughly pro- nounced, and more than ordinarily satisfactory. Mr. C. L. Abel, of Ohio street, has a farm of two hundred and thirty-three acres, situated at West Hamburgh, on the L. S. & M. S. R. R., about ten miles from Buffalo, where twelve thoroughbred Jersey cattle are kept. For the past six years Mr. Abel has devoted his spare time to this farm, and to producing butter and nrilk of first-c'ass quality for the Buffalo market. The stock owned by him has come of good families, the sire being " Buffalo Boy " bred by Col. Geo. E. Warren, of Newport, R. I., and the dams " Cathie " and "Mystic," bred by Mr. J. A. Hayt, on the Croton Farm, all of which are from well known imported stock and registered in the Herd Book of the American Jer- sey Cattle Club. Much attention is devoted to raising Berkshire pigs, and only such animals have been procured as can show a good record in the books of the American Berkshire Association, of Springfield, Ills. It is worthy of notice, also, that Air. Abel has got a splendid breed of Scotch Col- lie dogs, so invaluable to the shepherd, and so suc- cessful has he been in raising them, that dogs from his kennels have been sold and may be found all over the United States. Mr. Hiram P. Hopkins, son of the Hon. N. K. Hopkins, is another of those admirers of the Jei- sey breed, and devotes his entire attention to farm- ing and raising Jersey stock. His herd consists of twenty head of cattle, and are to be seen at Bay View stock farm, situated on the Lake Shore rail- road, about eight miles from Buffalo. Although engaged only for a year in the business, he has managed to secure some of the finest blood in the country, as a reference to the publication pre- viously mentioned, will immediately show. He purchased " Lord Shaftsbury," a splendid bull, whose father, " Litchfield," took the first prize of two hundred and fifty dollars, for the best Jersey bull, at the Centennial Exhibition in 1876. On the female side he secured " May Blossom," " Lady Woodruff," " Rosalind of Glendale," and sold the first named, although only two years old, for 'five hundred dollars to Mr. Wm. Simpson, of New York City. The Jersey stock on this farm is worthy of the highest commendation, and we regret that we cannot further enter into details, but as it is duly registered, interested readers can readily find out for themselves from what stock the cattle owned has sprung, and from where they were im- ported. The same breed of pigs as that kept by Mr. Abel is also to be found here, but instead of raising Collie dogs, Mr. Hopkins devotes his at- tention to raising Shetland ponies, of which he has quite a number on the farm. They are certainly of the genuine Shetland stock, and the stallion " Frank Tracy," is a model horse of this class. Some three years ago, Messrs. Henry C. and T. Jewett established what is known as the Jewett Stock Farm, situated not far from Aurora, which is seventeen miles from Buffalo, on the Buffalo, New York & Philadelphia R. R. It is true they brought plenty capital and brains to carry out their plan, which seems to have been to establish a stock farm, without an equal anywhere, and that they have succeeded is beyond the question of a doubt. Mr. Henry Jewett, whose natural love of horses led him to visit the leading stock farms of the world, is just the man to guide, and that successfully, such an undertaking. The head of the stud is " Roch- ester," besides which there are five other stallions, viz.: "Myron," " Ru-fus," "Coronet," "Ham- lin" and "John Gilpin;" the last named having been bought with a view to the improvement of the breed of farm horses in Erie County. All the horses have splendid records, and it is only want 44 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. of space that prevents us giving full details; but with such a stock of Millions, Messrs. Jewett are able to meet almost any fancy. The brood mares have been selected with much care, and are on a par with the horses. In cattle, the Holsteins are made a specialty. The farm itself comprises four hundred and thirty-five acres, and in every particu- lar is a model one, and well worthy of a visit by others besides those directly interested in farming and the improvement of stock. General Rufus L. Howard some twenty-two years ago purchased nearly two hundred acres of land, located in what is now the thirteenth ward, in tliis city, fifteen minutes drive from Main street, and intersected by the Lake Shore & Buffalo and Southwestern Railroads. His object at that time was merely to obtain the timber on the land for manufacturing purposes, without the slightest idea of transforming what was a wilderness, into what is now one of the best farms in this or any other county in the State of New York. At first the cattle kept on the farm were of the Shorthorn breed, but Mr. Howard has turned his attention to raising Jersey stock. Not being a breeder for selling stock, the cattle purchased and the others afterwards bred, were not registered; nevertheless, they were of first-class blood, im- ported direct from the Island of Jersey by Thomas Richardson, Esq., and selected for him on the spot by Mr. Fowler. The first bull on the farm was " Sark," a son of " Belle," one of the cows imported by Mr. Rich- ardson. "Sark" was sold and gave place to " True Blue," by " Comet," who was a son of "Sark." Mr. Howard secured from the Hon. Judge Root, of New Hartford, Oneida County, N. Y., the cows " Rosalina " and " Marcia," the sire of the first being " Geneva," got by James O. Shel- don's bull, " Jersey Lad," out of " Mollie." The sire of the second named being " Tarquin," after " Champion," who won the first premium in his class, at the New York State Fair, held in Sara- toga. In view of the additional value which attaches to all registered stock, the cattle bred on this farm will hereafter, be duly entered in the Herd Book, as far as practicable, and the most recent addition to the herd, "Pure Gold, 4th," has been so. He was bred by L. D. Ely, Esq., of Rochester, N. Y., and his ancesters are of the purest imported and registered stock. Altogether there are some thirty or forty head of cattle on the farm, and we know of no place upon which ^uch a lot of fine animals in the Jersey class can be seen, notwithstanding the absence of their names from the pages of the herd books. There is one remarkable cow on the farm worthy of special mention. " The Howard Cow," a cross between a Shorthorn cow and a Jersey bull, which gives sixty and one-half lbs. of milk per day, by feeding four quarts of corn meal in addition to the regular feeding, and yielding on an average twenty pounds of butter per week, which, along with the other dairy produce finds a ready market in this city. The cattle, however, take a secondary place in view of the magnificent stock of horses, mares and colts, in all about thirty-five, which are owned by General Howard. It is beyond the question of a doubt that he possesses some of the best blood in this country, which will be readily believed when we mention that the sires used have been ' ' Ericsson," sire of " Doble," long the property of Robert Bonner, Esq.; "Balsora, " by Alexander's " Abdallah," sire of "Goldsmith Maid," " Mes- senger Duroc," "Administrator," "George Wilkes," " Allie West," " Middletown," "Wood's Hambletonian," "Aberdeen," " Almont, Jr.," "Roscoe," by " Pilot, Jr.," and many others of equal eminence. The brood mares are all noted and well bred and as far as pedigree is concerned are just as good as the horses. It is a credit to Erie County that so hearty an interest has been taken by General Howard, in raising within its boundaries such stock as that just spoken of, and we trust that his success will be an incentive to others to go and do likewise. Among others who devote part of their time to farming and stock raising, we must not omit to mention Mr. Bronson C. Rumsey, who is at present in Europe with the object of purchasing some first class Shorthorn cattle, and who already possesses quite a number of the descendants of the famous " Duchess " family. Mr. C. J. Hamlin also is the owner of some splendid stock. We have said enough, however, to indicate the manner in which some of the busi- ness men of Buffalo are employing their spare time and capital, and have offered sufficient evidence to show that there is a spirit abroad for improving the farming of Erie County, — a spirit which we hope will continue until the county is placed in a far superior position to that which it now holds. The last move in this direction has been taken by Mr. J. M. Richmond, who has purchased Maple Grove farm, of 187 acres, adjoining that of Mr. C. Abel, of which we have spoken, and we trust he will be successful with his new venture. At Grand Island, Mr. Lewis F. Allen pays much attention to the raising of pure Shorthorn cattle, and is the recognized authority in the United States upon all matters pertaining to this breed. As author of the Shorthorn Herd Book, he is known not only in this country, but in Europe, and a visit to his farm will amply repay those in- terested in this matter. Speaking of Grand Island, to which previous allusion has been made, we cannot forget to ob- serve that visitors to Buffalo will find the little journey by the Niagara River to this delightful spot well worthy of their time. The accomni.»L - tions for the entertainment of such at the Bedell House will be found entirely satisfactory; and as a Summer Resort, this location has claims that make it desirable in all ways, including those sani- tary and scenic advantages without which no spot can be permanently popular. ELEVATORS. Before closing this sketch one word with refer- ence to the Grain Trade of Buffalo, so far as fos- tered by a tremendous and complete system of elevators, is quite in order, and is indeed a feature" of the commercial prosperity of the city that should demand, to be properly depicted, a volume by it- self. By a wise arrangement for the more perfect and uniform management of the business, all the elevators in Buffalo, twenty-two in number, be- sides seven floaters and four transfer towers, are BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 45 controlled by the Western Elevating Company of which further particulars will be found on page 109. The following is a correct list of the Elevators, Transfer Towers and Floaters designated by name, with an authorized estimate of storage capacity: STORAGE ELEVATORS. Capacity for Storage, bushels. Bennett 600,000 Brown 300,000 Coatsworth 40,000 C. J. Wells 350,000 City 600,000 Commercial 200,000 Evans 250,000 Exchange 275,000 Erie Basin 200,000 Niagara 650,000 New York, Lake Erie & Western 650,000 Tifft 350,000 Richmond 300,000 Sturges 350,000 Sternberg 350,000 Svviftsure 175,000 Union 60,000 Wheeler 200,000 Wilkeson 250,000 Watson 600,000 Wm. Wells 200,000 National Mills 100,000 7,050,000 TRANSFER TOWERS. Northwest 15,000 Chicago 20,000 Fulton 40,000 Merchants . 30,000 Total 7,155,000 FLOATERS. American Giant. Marquette. Niagara. Free Trade. Free* Canal. Bridgewater. • Ira Y. Munn. It is by these means that the results are accom- plished in the transfer of grain, to which reference has been made heretofore. It would be difficult to overestimate the importance of this industry, and that it should be protected by wise legislation, and all necessary legal precautions is of the highest importance to the continued welfare of this city. We have said little heretofore directly in regard to Buffalo as an available point for the investment of capital and the promotion of manufacturing en- terprises, nor do we propose to extend our remarks upon this theme. The availability of its location, between the great Eastern and Western markets; its prodigious advantages as a point of tranship- ment by rail and by water; a climate extraordinary for salubrious properties; a system of water works unsurpassed; a municipality not over-bur- dened with taxation — for all these and many other reasons Buffalo must be regarded as a point where capital must reap such rewards as can rarely be attained elsewhere. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. IN the following series of brief descriptive articles, to which the attention of the reader is par- ticularly directed, will be found a large amount of useful and practical information of the highest value. From these an accurate knowledge will be imparted, with reference to the Com- mercial and Manufacturing facilities of this city — its advantages as a market for the purchase of sup- plies — its opulent and enterprising business concerns (none of which have been willing omitted), and the striking diversity of its resources. As an exhibit of wealth, enterprise and individual worth, this group of notices is a remarkable one, and evinces a degree of active endeavor, and prosperous usefulness, that cannot fail to excite the consideration of the reader, and lead to the establishment of more perfect ideas, with reference to the real greatness of Buffalo as a mercantile centre. R. W. BELL & CO., Soap Manufacturers, Nos. 77 to 89 Washington St., and 8 to 20 Beaver St. It is only within the past two decades that the peculiarly fortuitous geographical position of Buffalo has seemed to confer an impetus upon the trades and industries of this city, commensurate with the wonderful facilities, which, as the centre of a vast railway and water system she enjoys. During this period many of the most noted enterprises have been established, and the useful arts in all departments have flourished with a vigor clearly denoting an ability to com- v pete in all respects with the older commercial or manufac-" turing markets of the country. Of such enterprises the house of R. W. Bell & Co. may be cited as a particularly apt illustration, some account of which is entirely appropriate in this volume. The firm was established in February, 1865, by Messrs. R. W. and Geo. H. Bell under the style of R. W. Bell & Co., a title still retained, though the demise of Mr. R. W. Bell, Sept. 24th, 1877, vested the entire interest in the surviving partner. The plant owned and occupied by the firm is of rather colossal dimensions; the main building being five stories high, and extending from Washington to Beaver streets, occupying Numbers on Washington street from 77 to 89, and on Beaver street from 8 to 20. This structure is of solid brick masonry, and in conjunction with adjoining warehouses, &c, &c, . covers an area of about an acre, and affords a field for the labor of a large number of operatives. In this establishment the manufacture of soap upon fixed scientific principles is prosecuted, with chemical uniformity and care, aided by the best and most ingenious apparatus and machinery known to the trade in this country or in France, one large steam- | engine and several immense boilers are employed in driving the machinery and boiling and making the soap; the boiling being all done by steam. In every respect the appointments are such as can be seen in but few, if any, similar establish- ments. The annual trade transacted by the house (which employs a number of traveling agents') is of great magnitude, ranging oyer the Eastern States, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and others, making, in the whole, a large representation of the various States of the Union, where the soaps bearing the brand and trade-mark of R. W. • Bell & Co. are the most popular in the market, and are found to be uniform in quality and entirely free from corrosive al- kaline matter, which is commonly found in ordinary soaps, and is so detrimental, both for laundry or toilet purposes. In fact the demand for the products of this house are such, that for the accommodation of customers East and West, the firm has found it advisable to establish permanent agencies in Boston and Chicago, through which to reach the trade with more promptness and convenience. In conclusion it is but just to say, that the prosperity that has attended the firm of R. W. Bell A: Co. is the nat- ural result of the high quality of the goods manufactured, coupled with a business policy that has been invariably reg- ulated by justice, liberality and integrity. GEO. MUGRIDGE & SON, Steam Bakery, Manufacturers of Choice Biscuits and Crackers, 10, 12 and 14 Elk Street, Cor. Illi- nois Street. An industry of such importance as that conducted by Messrs. Geo. Mugridge & Son has so large a bearing upon the trade of this city, and is altogether, directly and indirectly, so conducive to the general prosperity, as to demand more than ordinary consideration at our hands. Its claims to attention, however, are not entirely based upon the magni- tude of the business now transacted, but as much from the fact that for nearly forty years the establishment has been identified with the development of Buffalo and the growth of this community. The house of Mugridge & Son was originally founded on December 1st, 1841, by James and George Mugridge father and son), who commenced business as bakers with but little capital other than a thorough knowledge of the trade in every detail, and a comprehensive capacity for affairs far more desirable than reserves of cash. The senior partner who will be vividly remembered by many of our readers, was a man of marked ability, whose characteristics embraced many sterling business and social virtues. A native of Ells- ford, in Kent, England, Mr. Mugridge was born December 19th, 1795, ,and at the age of thirty-five removed to this country, landing in New York City April 19th, 1831, and settling in Utica, this state, in the autumn of the same \ ear, and finally establishing himself in Buffalo in 1841. At the age of fifty-five years he retired from the business (which came at once under the control of his son, Mr. George Mug- ridge, the present senior partner), and in February, 1863, retired from the world, universally esteemed and honored. At the beginning of the year just named, Mr. James A. ^lugridge was admitted by his father to an interest in the -concern, the title of which changed to its present style. The establishment which was founded nearly forty years ago, upon a scale the most diminutive, has grown in the lapse of years entirely out of recognition, and may now be classed as one of the largest bakeries in the country. Some idea of its magnitude may be derived from the fact that the building now occupied covers an area of 50x100 feet, i stories high, and to which large additions will be made dur- ing the coming season. The annual trade amounts to $150,- 000, and from fifty to fifty-five employees are constantly BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. engaged in the various departments of the work, at an ex- pense of over one hundred dollars per day. The capacity of the factory is such as to consume ioo barrels of flour per day, from 60 to 70 being used at present every ten hours. The machinery by which this result is obtained (and which is operated by a fifteen horsepower steam engine), is ihe best and completest known, embracing many new as well as novel labor-saving inventions. By this improved machinery ap- plied in these works, there are cut and placed on the pans 3,000 jumbles per minute, and from 5 to 7 million oyster crackers manufactured daily, besides an endless variety of fancy machine cakes, biscuits, bread, rolls, snaps, crackers, &c, &c, of every description. The specialty of the house is in fancy machine made cakes and crackers, in which branch is brought to bear the latest improved machinery known in the country, and for which it has a reputation unshared by any compeer. With such pronounced and universal ad- vantages the trade of the house has extended over a con- siderable territory, including not only this city, but large portions of New York State, Pennsylvania and Ohio, through which districts of country the goods of this house are to be found in every city, town and village, besides which the Lake trade at the Port of Buffalo is almost exclusively held by them. In fact, so great are the advantages in superiority of their goods, that in this department of their trade the house has no successful competitor. Four traveling sales- men are required in the business, and a large staff of clerical assistants. The senior partner, like his father, is a native of Kent, and was born in Chatham, December 20th, 1816. The junior partner is a New Yorker, and was born April 22, 1837, in Hamilton, Madison Co. It is safe to say in con- clusion with reference to this house, that the policy upon which it always has been and is now conducted, is such as to place it in the front rank in the estimation of the public; while those with whom it comes into close contact in the trade, have reason to understand and appreciate the advan- tages which result in the transaction of business from dealing with Messrs. Geo. Mugridge & Son. THE ANTHRACITE COAL ASSOCIATION, General Offices, No. 346 Main St. As a point of transit and reshipment, as well as a central depot for coal, Buffalo has for many years absorbed a large portion of trade in this direction, and is so availably situated between the source of supplies and the Western consumer as to control in a great measure the handling of this indis- pensable product. Numerous companies and corporations are here engaged in the coal traffic, and in some instances have developed a capacity for its management that has led to an extraordinary growth of facilities, and conduced not only to the prosperity of those directly concerned in the business, but much en- hanced the commercial thrift of the city, and promoted all the industrial vocations of the community. Prominent among such we must rank the Anthracite Coal Association, which represents over $50,000,000. This Association was formed in i860 by the conjunction of the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company, the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western R. R. Co., and J. Langdon. Since that period, however, changes have taken place in the or- ganization which now embraces the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co., J. Langdon & Co., and The Mclntyre (Bloss- burg) Coal Co., and prosecutes the coal trade west of a line drawn between Oswego, Syracuse and Binghamton, New York, the central offices of the two last named companies being at Elmira in this State. Mr. George Dakin was as- signed the agency for the Company at this point in 1861, a position he still retains, having filled it with credit to him- self and profit to the Company. The facilities and property of the Association here have been greatly augmented under the management of Mr. Dakin. Beside the general offices above referred to, the Company is in possession of an office and extensive coal yards for shipping and the retail trade at the foot of Genesee St. Also a yard of more than ordinary dimensions with office, &c, at the foot of Ohio St., and another considerable estab- lishment at No. 667 Exchange St., where by means of steam power the coal is hoisted from cars or boats into a range of vast pockets graded and marked for the various sizes — Grate, Egg, Stove, Chestnut, &c. — and so gauged that at any moment the exact amount of coal on hand can be accurately ascertained. This is the headquarters for the Company's local trade in Anthracite, every ton of which is carefully weighed before delivery to the dealer or consumer, by which means perfect equity is secured to all. The annual transactions of the Buffalo Branch of the Anthracite Coal Association involved the handling at this point of 300,000 tons; a business that some years since would have required the services of more than two hundred men, but is now accomplished with less than half that number, owing to the admirable railroad and mechanical facilities for loading and transshipping enjoyed by the Company. The traveling and outside business of the Association is in charge of Mr. C. M. Underhill, General Salesman, a native of Wayne county in this State, whose occupancy of his present position dates from 1872. Mr. George Dakin before mentioned is originally from Concord, Mass., where he was born in 1815, and these two gentlemen with an ample corps of assistants conduct and successfully manage the interests of the Association in this city in such a manner as to constantly enlarge its usefulness and retain at the same time the respect and consideration of the public. When it is remembered that the total product evolved from the Anthracite coal regions in 1820 was 365 tons, and that in 1878 it had reached the enormous quantity of 17,605,262 tons, some idea may be gained of the laborious enterprise and vast capital necessary to achieve such results. , That the organization to which we have referred has taken its full share in this great work of development cannot be doubted, and for many years a pioneer in the Anthracite coal trade, where it still retains its pre-eminence, it has had a career so useful as to deserve permanent commemoration. BUFFALO CEMENT CO. (Limited), Office, 141 Erie Street. No detailed account of the industries of Buffalo would be complete, without some reference to an enterprise that con- duces no little to the general thrift of the community, and the promotion of its prosperity. We refer in this connection to the Buffalo Cement Co. (Limited), which was organized in 1877, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars, the officers at present being as follows: L. J. Bennett, President; G. Talbot, Vice-Pre- sident; W. W. Pierce, Secretary; Wm. Richardson, Treas- urer; and U. Cummings, Superintendent of Sales; gentle- men under whose able management and co-operation the company has attained a magnitude in its operations, and achieved a success highly creditable to all concerned. The plant of the corporation is located at Buffalo Plains, and covers an area of several acres. The main buildings consist of a mill three stories high, and 60x50 feet; one two- story warehouse, 130x50 feet; one one-story warehouse, 180x47 feet, and a capacious blacksmith shop, having a single story, 45x25 feet; all of which are built of stone, in the most substantial and enduring manner. The machinery with which the plant is equipped is not only of the best class, but in many respects superior to that in possession of cotemporaneous concerns; L. J. Bennett's Patent Disinte- grating Mill, which is in use here, being regarded as the most perfect piece of mechanism extant for the purpose to which it is applied, viz: the reduction of stone, flint, slag-plaster, phospates, cement, coal, bones, talc, &c, &c. The motive power for driving the ponderous machinery required in the manufacture of cement is supplied by four boilers and four steam engines, having an aggregate of two hundred and fifty horse power; the annual average product being twenty-one thousand five hundred tons of Portland and Common Ce- ment, Hydraulic Lime and Stone. That the goods manufactured by the Buffalo Cement Co. (Limited) are of a superior quality in the essentials of dura- bility, tensile strength and strong setting or adjusting prop- erties, is verified in the most unequivocal manner by the best authorities in the country (whose testimonials are before us), embracing such names as Prof. E. T. Cox, of Indian- apolis, State Geologist of Indiana; Geo. Vom Berge, Esq., City Engineer of Buffalo; Andrew R. Trew, Esq., Assistant Superintendent Erie Railway, Department of Road; P. Ernslie, Esq., Engineer Buffalo Division L. S. & M. S. Rail- way; Louis H. Knapp, Esq., Engineer of the Buffalo City Water Works; John Campbell, Esq., Secretary Board of Public Works, Detroit, Mich.; D. T. McNiel, Secretary and Superintendent Kokomo Gas Light and Coke Co., Kokomo, Ind.; J. S. Youngs, City Engineer, Buffalo, N. Y.; Thos. G. Bassett, Manager Central City Pipe Works, Syracuse, N. Y.; A. D. & F. L. Noble, Grand Rapids, Mich.; H. Ber- thelet & Co., F. N. Merrill, Milwaukee, Wis.; John V. Nic- olai, Cincinnati, Ohio; Henry Martin, Chicago, 111., and others, too numerous to mention, including United States and civil engineers, contractors, builders, maltsters, masons and mechanicians. The use of L. J. Bennett's dinintegrating mill has much to do with results so satisfactory, this appar- atus being justly regarded as one of the most ingenious and complete crushing and pulverizing mills extant, and almost indispensable to the perfection of the product. The Portland Cement made by this Company was invented and patented by Messrs. Cummings & Bennett, and is not surpassed in excellence by any Cements manufactuicd, 4 8 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. whether foreign or domestic, it having stood the test of the most severe comparative experiments by scientific author- ities. Altogether, the industry is not only a unique one in Buffalo, but so entirely successful as to enable the Company to hold an enormous trade against the attacks of all com- petitors, and pursue a manufacture alike profitable to itself and creditable to the community from which it emanated. JOHN T. NOYE & SONS, Manufacturers of French Burr Mill Stones and New Process Mill Machinery, Buffalo, N. V. It is safe to assert in reviewing the industries of this city that no single house has done more to establish the reputation of Buffalo as a manufacturing centre than that of Messrs. John T. Noye & Sons, a brief descriptive history of whose enterprise should be properly incorporated in these pages. Founded in 1834 by Messrs. Elisha Hayward and John T. Noye, under the style of Hayward & Noye, the firm com- menced the manufacture of mill machinery, which it con- tinued till the demise of Mr. Hayward, at which time the house reverted to the entire control of Mr. John T. Noye, who maintained its management alone till 1868, when by the admission of his son Richard K., and in 1879 by admission of Mr. E. Hayward Noye, the firm assumed its present title and status. The plant of the concern is one of the most extensive in this country, and discloses a system and completeness in every department, worthy of the highest commendation. Located on both sides of Washington Street upon the Main and Hamburgh Canal, the facilities for shipment by water could not be better, while the Railroad Depots are in close proximity. Six buildings comprise the plant, (the main being four and five stories high,) which together with a considerable lumber yard occupy an area of several acres. Conducting the business in the most orderly and meth- odic manner, the work is divided into seven departments, viz.: Foundry, Machine-shop, Stone Shop, Pattern Shop, Blacksmith Shop, and Draughting Rooms, from three to six draughtsmen being employed in the latter, besides 175 artisans in the various sub-divisions of the works. This force of operatives requires a weekly disbursement of about $2,000, an outlay of considerable importance in promoting the general thrift. The machinery and mechanical appliances with which the works are thoroughly equipped, are operated by three steam engines — one 12x20 engine with 50 H. P. Firmenich boiler; (to which reference has been made in another article,) also one 8x10 engine, and one 12x18 engine with 50 H. P. boiler, all being first class pieces of mechanism. In speak- ing of the machinery much will be found extremely ingen- ious, new and effective; such as patent gear cutters, diamond and emery tools for dressing French Burr Mill Stones, in which the concern does an extensive business. From three to four commercial travelers represent the house in various parts of the country, the trade of which is not only extended over every State in the Union, and the Canadian Provinces, but has reached the most remote countries, including South America, Mexico, the West Indies, China, Japan and India, resulting in a business of about $400,000 annually. The special manufactures for which this firm are cele- brated consist largely of Flour Mill Gearing, French Burr Mill Stones, Noye's Turbine Wheel, and other appliances involving all the latest improvements for the perfect equip- ment of Flour and Feed Mills of all classes. Mr. John T. Noye, the senior partner of the firm, though a native of Eastern New York, has been a resident of Buffalo for about 45 years. A mechanician of accom- plished ability and an experience which is equalled by few, Mr. Noye gives his personal supervision, aided by his sons, to the oversight of this vast establishment, in which the greatest solicitude is exercised that no machines or appli- ances shall leave the house without being as perfect as first- class material and workmanship will permit. HIRAM EXSTEIN & CO., Manufacturing Jobbers of Men's Furnishing Goods, 185 Washington Street. In examining the claims of Buffalo as a manufacturing and commercial center we find many houses, which, like that of Messrs. Hiram Exstein & Co., are certainly entitled, on account of their magnitude and public services in promoting the industries of the community, to more than casual recog- nition in this volume. Established in 1867, with large facilities and ample capital, the business for the initial year reached the sum of one hundred thousand dollars, while the annual increase of the trade has resulted in present trans- actions amounting to not less than four hundred thousand dollars per annum. As the center of such traffic the premises of the concern must be necessarily large. The building is six stories in height, with basement, besides a store-room which is divided into various departments, for the manufacture of Men's Furnishing Goods, Pants, Overalls, Shirts, and other neces- sary articles of male attire. Here are employed about one hundred and twenty-five operatives, while six commercial travelers represent the house in New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Michigan, in addition to which twelve assistants are engaged in the clerical and other departments. The proprietor of the concern, Mr. Hiram Exstein (the Company being nominal), has for nearly a quarter of a cen- tury been identified with the growing interests of this city, both in relation to its commercial and municipal affairs. A member of the Board of Park Commissioners, Mr. Exstein was appointed in 1876, for a term expiring in 1882, and has exhibited an interest in the proper completion of this great improvement, that entitles him at least to the respect of this community, aside from the consideration with which he is held in the trade. FELTHOUSEN & RUSSELL, Manufacturers of Copper, Tin and Sheet Iron, Ma- rine Signal Lamps and Head Lights, &c, 139 and 141 Main Street. One of the most important ports of entry on the great Lakes, and in the center of a system of navigation between the Seabord and the remote Northwest, Buffalo enjoys many benefits arising from its peculiar location, by no means common to inland towns. These advantages are exhibited in development of numerous industries, apart from the ordi- nary trend of trade resulting in a marked degree to the general good. In illustration of the truth of this statement we cite the house of Messrs. Felthousen & Russell, a conservative and established concern that may not be overlooked in reviewing the resources of this city. Founded by the present partners, H. C. Felthousen and W. C. Russell, in the spring of 1858, the business was organ- ized in a manner extremely circumscribed, for the manufac- ture of Tin and Sheet Iron Wares, the proprietors being their own best artisans. The skill, however, which was evinced in all the products of the house, and the care exer- cised in the manufacture of every article was fruitful in building up a trade of considerable magnitude, increasing year after year, and placing the firm eventually upon an equality with its largest competitors in this country. The range of the house was greatly enlarged in the manufacture of various special articles, and became known in the con- struction of Copper, Tin and Sheet Iron wares for Steamboat and Canal purposes, Stoves and Hot Air Furnaces, and dealers in general Hardware, Tin Plates, Sheet Iron, Copper, Lead Pipe, Sheet Lead, &c. In 1861 Mr. Felthousen secured patents on Signal Lamps and Head Lights for Steamboats, Vessels, Canal Boats, Stake and Pier Lights, and in 1870 and 1875 secured patents on improvements of the same, which involved advantages never before presented, and came into use with such rapidity on account of their usefulness, that not less thau ten thou- sand have since been manufactured by the house, a feature which now forms a special branch of its business. The premises occupied by the firm are situated at Nos. 139 and 141 Main street, the principal thoroughfare of the city, and cover an area of 40x^0 feet, embracing two buildings, four stories high, with finished basement. Divided into two departments, the sales and manufacturing, while the clerical department, or books of the house, are under the keeping of Mr. Daniel Lehn, the former will be found on the first floor; the basement, second and third floors being required for stock storage, while the upper floor is used as a manu- factory. Here are employed from ten to twenty men. must of whom are expert mechanics, whose work is chiefly for the production of Fluted Lens Signal Lamps and Lanterns, especially designed, as before explained, for mechanical use. Both members of the firm are natives of Albany, this State, and were born in that city; Mr. Russell in 1827, and Mr. Felthousen in 1S28; Mr. Felthousen having been a resi- dent of Buffalo for thirty-five years, and Mr. Russell for half a century; both having been actively identified since their residence here with the interests and industries of this community. By no means confined to this section, the trade of the house has extended to ever)' Port on the Lakes, large con- signments being made to leading houses in New York, Bos- ton, Philadelphia and Baltimore, through which the Fluted Lens Lamps find their way to all principal foreign countries and are used upon nearly all navigable waters of the 1 With a reputation of such a character, and established for BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 49 so long a period, it is unnecessary for us to make use of any commendation with regard to this firm, our readers abroad being amply justified in reposing the highest degree of con- fidence in the house and its products ROOT & KEATING, Tanners of Sole Leather, 206, 208 & 210 Exchange Street. One of the prominent and most productive industries for which Buffalo is noted is that of Tanning, in which many firms are largely engaged, involving capitals of great magni- tude and the employment of much operative labor. Among those that have given an active and healthy impetus to this essentially useful trade, may be reckoned the house of Root & Keating, Tanners of Sole Leather, and whose operations have readied such an extent as to verify their claim to hav- ing the completest and most extensive Tannery in the world. The business was established in 1865, by Henry C. Jewett and Robert Keating, under the style of Jewett & Keating, and was conducted by them with marked ability till 1877, when the present firm, composed of Francis H. Root and ' Robert Keating, succeeded to the plant. To the manufac- ture of Sole Leather the attention of the firm is mainly di- rected, and the facilities enjoyed for the production of this class of goods are simply unrivaled. Two tanneries are owned and operated; one located at Olean, N. Y., and the •other at Port Allegheny, Pa.; the former being equipped with 550 and the latter with 1150 vats. This Port Allegheny tannery was erected at considerable outlay, and is, through- out, supplied with every requisite that modern ingenuity can suggest for the production of first-class Sole Leather. Many advantages accrue to the firm from the favorable con- ditions arising from the location of these manufactories. In the first place they are situated in the very heart of a prolific bark producing country, in which this material can be ob- tained, delivered without difficulty at the lowest prices, and of the best quality. Besides this commanding advantage, the firm derive all the benefits conferred by an escape from the decentralization of labor, and the prosecution of the work at places, that, while being at a convenient distance, afford most of the commodities of life at much less prices than are current in large cities. From these very obvious reasons it is apparent, that so far as figures and quality are concerned, the house of Root & Keating is in condition to compete with any house extant, in cotemporaneous manufactures. Both tanneries to which we have referred, occupy respect- ively large areas; a fact especially true with reference to the Port Allegheny plant, which, with the accompanying cot- tages for the operatives, covers a tract many acres in extent. One hundred and twenty-five hands are employed by the firm in all, and an annual business transacted which reaches over the entire West, as far as Montana, and takes in no in- considerable portion of the Eastern States. Both members of the firm are natives of Buffalo, and are too well known in connection with their enterprise to com- mand personal comment at our hands. The policy of liberality and honorable dealing upon which their business is based, can not be sufficiently endorsed; as a result has fol- lowed that substantial public support, without which no operations of such magnitude could be long continued, and it is with pleasure that we direct the attention of the reader to the house of Root & Keating, as being one with which relations may be established upon a basis pleasant, profitable and permanent. Having sold their building on Washington street, formerly occupied by them, to the N. Y. C & H. R. R. R. Co., for the Crosstown Railway, the firm has recently removed to their new warehouse fronting on Exchange street, occupying Nos. 206, 208 and 210, running through to Nos. 167, 169 and 171 Carroll street, newly erected by them, especiallly for their business, with every convenience and facility for the €asy and rapid receiving and shipment of goods. E. & B. HOLMES, Manufacturers of Stave, Barrel, Keg and Hogs- head Machinery, 59 Chicago Street. In describing the various manufactures of Buffalo it would be a serious loss to our readers to overlook the estab- lishment of Messrs. E. & B. Holmes, which, as the only one of its kind in this city, is deserving of more than limited consideration. Those who are in any way acquainted with the bygone methods of manufacturing barrels, kegs and hogsheads, will readily admit that the genius of the inventor and the skill of the mechanician have had no greater obsta- cles to contend with than those presented in the manufac- ture of machinery for accomplishing not only part but all of the work in this direction, originally performed by the slow and tedious process of manual labor. This conviction will be greatly strengthened by a visit to the Chicago Street Iron Works of the above firm or to any manufactory where the machinery made by them is in active operation, and while in the former they would be struck with the wonder- ful means and appliances for removing all mechanical diffi- culties, in the latter they would be perhaps more astonished by the inconceivable rapidity and mathematical accuracy resulting from the employment of the machinery manufac- tured by Messrs. E. & B. Holmes. In the prosecution of its work it has been the main object of the firm for many years to invent and construct such mechanism as should be durable, rapid and perfect in its operations, rather than cheap; and in this design they have attained such complete success as to have distanced all competitors, who have not unfrequently resorted to in- fringements to maintain even a mediocre position. A detailed description of the machines constructed by the firm would occupy more space than we are at liberty to devote to the purpose. The following list, therefore, must serve in lieu of further particulars: Stave jointers, barrel levelers, hoop drivers, crozing machines, barrel turners, stave equalizers, power windlasses, setting up forms, barrel elevators, heading dressers, heading jointers, head dowelers, head rounders, machines for leveling and trussing barrels, sawing staves, sawing headings, dressing and leveling heads, stave * equalizing (with reel feed), cutting staves, hoop punching, flaring and riveting, barrel heaters, wood hoop binding, and steam engines, and many other appliances so perfect and exact in construction and operation as to reduce the work of barrel making to a simple mechanical operation. The manufactory of the firm is located at No. 59 Chicago Street, abutting upon the Ohio basin and contiguous to the depots of the New York Central and Erie Railroads. It might be inferred that these works are very extensive,— they cover, in fact, an area of several acres, the main building having four floors and the whole being divided into several departments, the principal of which are the Iron Works and the Barrel Machine Works. Large engine lathes, iron planers, and other costly and intricate machinery is found essential for the proper prosecution of the work. Two steam engines, with 150 horse power in the aggregate, with a battery of boilers, are required to operate the machinery in use; while 200 artisans, many of whom are skilled work- ingmen, find employment in the establishment. It is not too much to say in conclusion that this nouse manufactures more barrel, keg, hogshead and stave making machinery than any cotemporaneous concern probably in the world, the largest part of which they have invented themselves, and find a market for, not only in the United States but all over the civilized globe. The individual members of the firm, Messrs. Edward and Britain Holmes, have been residents of this city for nearly a third of a century, and in devoting themselves^ to the work in which they are engaged have achieved a position in the community involving the highest consideration, and a respect that arises from qualities without which no business can become eminently prosperous. DENTON & COTTIER, Importers and Dealers in Musical Instruments and Merchandise, Music Publishers, &c, 269 Main St. In taking up for detailed examination those firms which are most closely identified with the progress and enterprise of Buffalo, we are not likely to overlook the claims of Messrs. Denton & Cottier to ample recognition in this review. Established in 1827 by Mr. James D. Sheppard, who was succeeded in 1867 by Messrs. Cottier & Denton, the latter conducted the business until 1878, when, upon the demise of Mr. Hugh Cottier, the style of the firm was changed to its present title; the widow of the decedant retaining her hus- band's interest in the house. A career covering a period of more than half a century, with a management so able as that which has always controlled the operations of the house, must necessarily have given an eminence to which few of its compeers in this country can lay claim. The store and warerooms of the firm occupy a conspicuous site at No. 269 Main street, the building having four floors, 22x100 feet, and being fitted up and equipped in a style com- mensurate with the character and transactions of the firm. This building is arranged in the most systematic manner for the orderly prosecution of the trade, and is divided into three chief depai tments. The first, comprising Sheet Music, Musical Publications, and Music Books; the second, Im- ported Musical Meichandise, such as full lines of Band and Orchestral Instruments, manufactured by the most cele- brated German and French makers, including the house of Jerome Thibouville Lanny. of Pans, the most renowned man. ufacturer of Cornets, Trombones, and similar Brass Instru. ments, perhaos in the world. A io!ins and Stringed Instru. ments of all kinds will also be found in this department, b&- 5° BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. sides Accordeons, Concertinas, Mouth Harmonicas and staple goods of like character. The Piano and Organ Department is of course the most important, and contains at all times a Stock of these instruments, representing the best manufac- turers known. Indeed it may be stated as a historical fact, that the first pianos ever received or sold in Buffalo were consigned to this house in 1827, having been shipped by the Erie Canal. As sole agents for the Messrs. Steinway & Son's Pianos, and those of Mathushek, Bacon & Kar^ and other well- known makers, the firm can always display an assortment of these goods adapted to the wants of all; while as represen- tatives of Wilcox & White, a stock of Organs is carried of unusual variety and excellency. Nor does the enterprise of the house stop here, its greatest reputation perhaps hav- ing been achieved as Publishers of Sheet Music and Musical Books; and so great has its business become in this depart- ment, that 50 pages in closely printed i2mo. are not suffi- cient to contain a list of its own publications alone. With a stock which ranges from seventy to seventy-five thousand dollars, and annual sales approximating like amounts, pos- sessed of ample capital, unusual facilities, a wide repute and unexampled experience, the firm is prepared to offer their patrons, at all times, inducements marked by liberality, and a just regard for the benefit of others. Among the assistants required by the house to carry on a traffic of such magnitude, we note Mr. Henry L. Penn, at the head of the Department of Music and Musical Books; Mr. Wm. H. Daniels, in charge of that pertaining to the importation of instruments; Mr. George F. Hedge, chief of the Piano and Organ Department; and Messrs. Charles H. De Vine and E. C. Thornton are engaged in tuning and re- pairing while Messrs. Henry and William Osthein attend to the removal and polishing; all of whom are gentlemen proficient in their respective departments. Of the members of the firm personally, we may say that Mr. Robert Denton is a native of England, but having been brought to this country when three years of age, has for more than forty-five years resided in Buffalo, since 1867 having been engaged in this vocation. Mr. Cottier, to whom reference was made before, was one of the most distin- guished and enterprising merchants in this city. He was prominent and highly esteemed in the Masonic Order, President of the Board of Music Trade, and in every way a gentleman who enjoyed the highest consideration. The manner in which the house conducts its business, is such as to enable those in the most moderate circumstances to enjoy the advantages of the best Musical Instruments, on a plan which involves small periodical payments; and in this way alone, not less than from three hundred to three hun- dred and fifty Pianos and Organs are placed in Buffalo and environs. Any commendation of the firm at our hands would be superfluous, but we feel at liberty to say in con- clusion, that those who effect transactions with this concern will derive advantages that cannot be readily accorded else- where. WILLIAM WICKS, Quantity Surveyor, &c, 9 Court Street. In a descriptive revision of the trades and industries of Buffalo it is highly pertinent that all those vocations con- tingent upon any staple line of constructive enterprise should be noted, mentioned and recognized in this work, as having no little to io with the general facilities and advantages for the prosecution of business in this city. In such a connection we may not overlook the fact, that Mr. Win. Wicks, as a Quantity Surveyor, occupies a posi- tion as useful as it is unique, and pursuing a profession but rarely known or understood, though of the greatest import- ance to a large class of the industrial community, should receive some consideration here. When, in 1874, Mr. Wicks settled in Buffalo, and an- nounced himself as a Quantity Surveyor and Adjuster of Fire Losses, and an expert in all matters relating to build- ing, he found no little opposition arising from a total mis- conception of his work, on the part of those, particularly, who were the very ones to derive the greatest benefit from his labors, such as contracting masons, carpenters, excava- tors, slaters and roofers, plumbers, iron manufacturers, stone cutters and quarry men, brick layers and makers, joiners and stair makers, plasterers, glaziers, tilers, painters, grainers, tinners, and in short all those who contribute in any way to the erection of all classes of buildings. These artisans are often subjected to great difficulty in making estimates as a basis for submitting bids, from the fact that the plans of the architect furnish the only data ur information upon which to proceed, and these are not un- frequently obscure and inexplicit, requiring more mathe- matical and professional knowledge than that in the posses- sion of most contractors. Here Mr. Wicks steps in and simplifies the whole matter for all interested, and, taking the plans and specifications of the architect, makes an abso- lutely accurate estimate of the entire quantity of each material entering into the construction, publishes the same in pamphlet form (where the contract is a large one), and with such detail and clearness, that the most uneducated workman can make an intelligent bid for the performance of all or any part of the work; the successful competitor alone paying the»cost of the survey as per schedule of rates here- after. When, in a short period, contractors began to understand the modus operandi of Mr. Wicks, the prejudice before re- ferred to vanished, and from that time orders began to assail him on all sides, till at present he may be regarded as one of the busiest men in Buffalo. He has estimated and published the quantities of many important edifices, such as the Court House of MrKean Co., Pa., and many blocks and single buildings in Buffalo and surroundings; the value of one job alone surveyed reaching the sum of §200,000. During a professional career of nearly twenty years, Mr. Wicks has been concerned or connected with the erection of buildings valued at not much less than four million dollars, and has, of course, become an expert in quantities and values, which makes him a desirable referee in all matters of dispute re- lating to construction, and an Adjuster of Fire Losses equally proficient. The following schedule of charges will be found, all things considered, extremely moderate in proportion to the benefits conferred, and those of our readers, who, residing at a distance, desire to consult Mr. Wicks, will find it to their interests to write him at the above address. scale of charges. In all cases, either for quantities, or measurements on buildings, where the amount does not exceed $1,000 — one per cent. In all cases where the amount exceeds $1,000, and does not exceed §3,000 — three-fourths of one per cent, upon the excess over $1,000, and $10.00 added. In all cases where the amount exceeds $3,000, and does not exceed $10,000 — five-eights of one percent, upon the ex- cess over $3,000, and $30.00 added. In all cases where the amount exceeds $10,000, and does not exceed $50,000 — -one-half of one per cent, on the excess over $10,000, and $75.00 added. In all cases where the amount exceeds $50,000 — one-third of one per cent, on the excess over $50,000, and $250 added. Quantities supplied to Builders bidding in competition, free of charge, unless successful in obtaining the contract. Out of town expenses to be paid in any event, in addition to the above charges. F. COLLIGNON, Eagle Brass Foundry and Machine Shop, Corner Perry and Washington Streets. As stated elsewhere, many of the oldest and most enter- prising houses of this city have been established without capital and upon the most limited scale, that of Mr. F. Collignon furnishing an exemplification of this statement to a striking degree. A native of France, where he was born in 1819, Mr. Col- lignon came to this city with his parents in 1834, when but fifteen years of age, and soon after applied himself to the acquisition of a thorough knowledge of mechanics and brass founding, with which in their various branches he be- came entirely familiar. In 1844, without other capital than that based upon his expertness as a machinist and charac- teristic integrity, Mr. Collignon began operations for him- self on Canal street, upon a scale almost insignificant. The business, however, flourished and annually increased at such a ratio that in 1850, six years after starting, Mr. Col- lignon was enabled to purchase the site of his present plant, erecting shortly after the works now occupied, covering an area of 80x105 feet on the corner of Perry and Washington streets. Here for nearly a third of a century Mr. Collignon has pursued his vocation, manufacturing portable and stationary steam engines, working skillfully in brass and iron, effecting marked improvements in machinery, taking out patents on oil cups, injectors, indicators, cylinder oil pumps and steam boilers (all of which have been eminently practical and in advance of those employed theretofore), and in short exert- ing a marked influence in elevating his vocation to a higher standard in perfection of the results achieved. Mr. Collig- non also manufactures the patent Taber pump, especially for use in tanneries, for which purpose they are constructed of brass, and are the best known. Fourteen mechanics are now employed in the works, many of whom are experts, and a twenty horse-power engine is required to operate the machinery, which is in many cases. BUFFALO AND ENV.PONS. 51 •designed by the proprietor to meet certain special wants, and is extremely ingenious. The facilities enjoyed by Mr. Collignon for the manufacture of all descriptions of work in his department of mechanics are ample, and his personal supervision is such that his customers may in every instance rely upon receiving complete satisfaction. For forty-six years a resident of Buffalo, and for four years Alderman from the Fourth Ward, the career of Mr. Collignon has been marked by that success, and such con- sideration as naturally follows an adherence to a policy lib- eral, honorable and just. BERGTOLD, I ■*&■■,• ff.2-.9 3 lit ■ ■ - ■:■ J. E. BERGTOLD, Manufacturer of Fancy Furs, Hats, Caps and Straw Goods, 293 Main Street. Eminent among those houses engaged in a similar line of trade, that of Mr. J. E. Bergtold is perhaps most conspicu- ous; and occupies a position that fully entitles it to con- sideration in this work. Established in 1862 by the present proprietor, the business at once assumed encouraging proportions, and the house with an annually increasing trade soon became one of the most popular in Buffalo. The premises of Mr. Bergtold are located at No. 293 Main street, and are spaciously ample in their dimensions. The building with a depth of 80 feet has five floors, which are employed as follows: The basement is used for Robes; the first floor as a salesroom for hats, caps, and gentlemen's furs, gloves, &c; the second floor, for the department and showroom for ladies' furs, and is elegantly furnished and appointed for this purpose; the third story is occupied for jobbing transactions and wholesale stock; and the fourth as a manufactory; while the fifth is reserved for the storage of skins and raw furs. In the proper season for the manufacture of furs about twen- ty operatives with three foremen are required in this depart- ment alone, and from nine to twelve salesmen and others in the store, or wholesale rooms. It is believed that no house west of New York City can offer a greater variety of fur goods for selection, or at prices more in keeping' with a moderate standard. In muffs, boas, sealskin sacques and hats, mink, otter, sable, ermine, squirrel, fitch and other furs, the line is almost inexhaustable, while in the workmanship and style that characterize the goods turned out by this house nothing is left to be desired. The trade, which amounts to about $75,000 per annum, is not confined to this city, but ranges over the surrounding country to a considerable dis- tance, and is based upon the strictest principles of fairness and liberality. Mr. Bergtold is a native of Buffalo, and was born in 1834. His connection with this present vocation dates from the time he was twelve years of age, which accounts in a great measure for his expertness and proficiency in the selection and treatment of furs and fur goods. At any rate, the marked success he has achieved under circumstances, for some years highly unfavorable, is a pretty strong indication that the business is founded upon a basis of general useful- ness and popularity, which must insure its future mainten- ance and prosperity. DONALD BAIN, Dealer in Hops and Brewers' Supplies, 557 Main St. The brewing interests of Buffalo, while greatly increasing in magnitude and importance every year, representing a large factor in the manufacturing capital of the city, have, of course, created an enhanced activity in all contingent lines of trade. As a dealer in hops and general brewers' supplies, the enterprise of Mr. Donald Bain has assumed a magnitude that entitles it to more than passing mention in this work. Founded by Messrs. Bain & Shaler in 1868, the business reverted to the exclusive control of the present proprietor in 1875 (upon the demise of the junior partner), who has since conducted it with conspicuous success. The only house in Buffalo engaged as a specialty in the supply of hops and brewers' instruments and materials, the trade may confi- dently depend, at all times, on finding every requisition upon the resources of Mr. Bain in this direction promptly responded to. In the line of hops, pitch, rosin, oils, var- nish, bungs, sagorometors, scoops, corks, &c, &c, this house offers special inducements in price, in which it has perhaps no successful competitor, as evinced by the fact that its trade is by no means confined to this city, but ranges over large portions of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and even to the Canadas and New England States. The business premises occupied and owned by Mr. Bain are located at No. 557 Main street, upon a lot 22x100 feet; the building being a four-story substantial brick structure with finished basement, and every convenience and facility for the purpose to which it is applied. A stock valued at from twenty-five to thirty thousand dollars is constantly maintained, and a business transacted of not less than one hundred and fifty thousand dollars per year. Since 1847 Mr. Bain has been a resident of Buffalo, and has been closely identified with the general advancement of the city. Beginning with comparatively limited capital and contracted resources,_ tact, integrity and liberality have in his case produced legitimate results in a present prosperity, as well deserved as it is commendable. It is with pleasure, therefore, that we call particular attention to this house, confident that those who establish relations with it, will find their advantage very much promoted and conserved in every judicious and available manner. HARRY SMITH, Hats, Furs and Caps, 327 Main Street. In a climate which exhibits the vigorous boisterousness attributed to Buffalo, the arts of the costumer are highly regarded, and especially in the line of Hats, Caps and FVirs a very large business is transacted, capital invested and labor employed. One of the best known houses in this connection is that of Harry Smith, No. 327 Main street, who, as one of the firm of Smith & Bro. (\Vm. and Harry) established the house in 1858, assuming the entire proprietary control in 1872. Spec- ial and sole agent in this city for the sale of Knox's cele- brated New York Hats, and dealing largely in Furs and Robes in all varieties, as well as Hats, Caps and Straw Goods, the house, from the liberal and upright method in which the business has been conducted, has become a very popular one, and absorbs its full quota of the trade. The premises are ample, the stock always complete, the attention prompt and obliging, and the terms invariably such as to give per- manent satisfaction; making the house universally regard< '1 as a representative one, entitled to the esteem and support of the community, who may always depend upon that jrst and considerate tre-itment in all re=pects, which so greatly adds to the popularity of the house. BUFFALO AXD ENVIRONS. B. B. RICE, Commission Merchant, Dealer in Bread Stuffs and Family Supplies, 220 Washington Street. The admirable facilities for cheap transportation by water, both East and West, and the many advantages afforded by an extensive and complex system of Railways, have conduced in no small degree to make Buffalo a favorite point for transhipping, and an active market for the disposal of all staple commodities or products. Indeed, there are few cities which present more attractions in this way to the raiser of country produce, farmers, and country dealers generally, within range of a hundred miles or more, who may be always assured of receiving more on consignments made to Buffalo, than from any other point in Western New York. This suggestion leads to a remembrance of the fact that one of the largest Commission Merchants and dealers in Produce in Buffalo, Mr. B. B. Rice, is not to be willingly ignored in these pages. Though this house was established as late as February, 1879, yet with a capital of seventy-five thousand dollars it is by no means regarded as a weak one, while the operations conducted per annum exceed this sum several times. The premises of Mr. Rice are located, as above stated, at No. 220 Washington street, and are especially well adapted for the prosecution of his business, being spacious and convenient in every respect. Three clerks are employed in the store, and numerous wagons and several men outside. Besides dealing in goods on the basis of commission, Mr. Rice also makes a specialty of handling large quantities of produce direct, including various grades of flour, oatmeal, cornmeal, millfeed, oats and breadstuffs generally, apples, butter, eggs, wn a- the " Fulton Market," and contains, in little, all that could be secured in that famous mart. Fourteen assistants are necessary to the orderly manage- ment of the buiiness, and four wagons are employed con- tinually in delivering goods to all parts of the city. Every detail is carefully supervised by the proprietor in person, assisted by Mr. Richard H. Stafford, who, as general man- ager, adds no little to the effective management of the estab- lishment and its trade. All the improvements that have been devised in late years for the perfect preservation of perishable articles, for an in- definite period, are found here in successful operation; and these arrangements not only insure to purchasers invariable purity and freshness in Fish, Game, Butter, Oysters and other commodities, but are effective in securing a scale of reduced prices by the saving thus occasioned. Not only is the business of the house of great magnitude in this city, where it is pre-eminent in this line, but there is a large wholesale trade carried on within a radius of one hundred and fifty miles, with retailers and others, who find dealings with this house not only extremely convenient, but entirely pleasant and satisfactory in other respects. With reference to the Oyster trade it should be remarked particularly, that the facilities of the house are thoroughly adequate to a demand which involves the consumption of from four to six hundred gallons per day; a consumption which is daily replaced by equally extensive receipts from the Chesapeake Bay and New York, both being the finest flavored shell-fish known to the trade; the following var- ieties: Prince's and York Bay, Shrewsburys, Rockaways, Blue Points, Chinganoras, Virginia Plants, Mill Points, &c, being always on hand. Mr. Stafford was born in 1853, and came to this country nearly twenty years ago, and to this city, with whose inter- ests he has been identified ever since. Few men in Buffalo have achieved, relatively speaking, so brilliant a success as Mr. Stafford, whose sales are now quoted at about two hun- dred thousand dollars annually. Few cities can boast of enterprise such as that displayed by the proprietor of the " Fulton Market," in catering to the public, by supplying all the choice delicacies in their season; and so long as the same good judgment and energy is infused into the business by this " Prince of Caterers" to the public taste, will he re- ceive continued and increasing patronage. Prompt, efficient, and decisive in his character and oper- ations, liberal in dealing and obliging in disposition, he is amply deserving of the prosperity that has attended his efforts, and the esteem in which he is held by the business community. Our readers abroad will find no little en- tertainment, instruction and perhaps profit by calling at an establishment which is the resort of visitors from all quarters. The elements of success exhibited in the remark- able growth of the business, of which this is a brief sketch, are clearly indicated in the personal characteristics of the proprietor, whose natural capabilities have found an admira- ble outlet in the prosecution of a work in which he has no compeers. We refer our readers to an advertisement elsewhere, for further details regarding the business of Mr. Stafford. WILLIAM H. TIBES, Druggist and Pharmacist 235 Main Street, Corner of Seneca. A reference to the Drug trade of Buffalo suggests at once the establishment of Mr. Win. H. Tibbs, at No. 235 Main street, which, either from its prominence upon the main thoroughfare of the city, or from the wide celebrity attained by the numerous specialties designed and prepared by the proprietor, call this house to mind perhaps more fre- quently than any other in the trade. Commencing business in Buffalo in 1873, ^' r ' T'kbs removed from Seneca street to his present location in 1875, since which time his operations have been considerably enlarged, and his Pharmacy has achieved more than a local reputation. The premises are spacious, convenient and elegant, and contain a stock valued at about $10,000, while the business amounts to considerably more than double that sum annually. Here prescriptions are accurately compounded, medicines prepared, tinctures extracted, and perfumes, toilet requisites and physicians' supplies sold at the most moderate prices; a special depart- ment being the adjusting of trusses and shoulder braces, in which the house has always an extensive assortment, and has a celebrity attained by few if any of its cotemporaries. As before indicated, Mr. Tibbs' Pharmacy is also a labor- atory for the manufacture of certain preparations of great value which belong exclusively to the proprietor. Among these we note Tibbs' Coral T'entrifice, an excellent article for the preservation and whitening of the teeth; Tibbs' Cocoa Camphor Ice, designed for the cure of sore lips, chaps, roughness, etc.; Tibbs' Oriental Bloom, a boon for those with defective complexions; Tibbs' Kid Clove Cleaner, efficient and not unpleasant in odor; Tibbs' " Belle of Buf- falo" Starch Polish, without which no laundress is mistress BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 57 of the situation; Tibbs'- Pectoral Troches, an invaluable remedy in case of coughs, colds, sore throat and bronchial irritations. Added to these, and of the greatest in impor- tance of the productions of the house, are Tibbs' Shoulder Braces, which are more effective to prevent contraction of the chest in young or old, male or female, than any other similar appliance extant, and are indorsed by the leading medical faculty of the State. Three assistants are employed by Mr. Tibbs in the prepa- ration of these articles for the jobbing trade, and the favor with which they have been received is at least some indica- tion of their usefulness. Educated to his profession in London, Ontario, Mr. Tibbs has acquired a proficiency that places him in a high position in the trade. Enterprising and reliable, cautious and ex- act, he has secured the confidence of the public to a marked degree — a confidence to which his education and career have made him the just recipient. WM. S. TWEEDY, Hats, Caps, Furs and Straw Goods, 217 Main St. In making a resume of the various trades of Buffalo, it is discovered that the Hat, Cap and Fur trade employs not only a large amount of capital, but engages the attention of a numerous class of workers, each of whom contributes more or less to the growth and prosperity of the city. In this connection it is by no means out of place to call attention to the house of Wm. S. Tweedy, Esq., successor to the old and widely known firm of Tweedy & Smith, which was established in 1831, nearly half a century ago. _ This firm founded the pioneer house jn Buffalo, in the line of Hats, Furs, Caps and Straw Goods, and till 1879 not only monopolized a large share of the trade in these commodities, but achieved a high position in the respect and consideration of the public. At the date last named, Mr. Wm. S. Tweedy, son of the former senior partner, succeeded the old firm, the members of which retired; Mr. Wm. Tweedy being_ seventy. six years old, and Mr. Smith only surviving the dissolution by a short period. For twenty-seven years the present proprietor has been engaged in the business in this house, and has acquired a proficiency in it, that enables him to conduct the concern with marked efficiency. The premises, as before stated, are located at No. 217 Main street, and consist of one large structure, having five floors and base- ment, excellently appointed for the business, and stocked with valuable assortments in all lines, to the amount of from forty to fifty thousand dollars, and leading to the transaction of a trade averaging from one hundred to one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars per annum. During such a protracted career the house has of course established favor- able relations with the most prominent jobbing concerns in this country, and both in its wholesale and retail department is enabled to offer buyers the most advantageous terms. With a trade that ranges over a large part of Western New York and contiguous States, and a local business not exceeded by any cotemporary, the house of Mr. Wm. S. Tweedy may be justly regarded as a representative one, and thoroughly entitled to the esteem and support of the community. It is not going too far to state that those who have relations with this house, may depend upon that just and considerate treatment in all respects, which so greatly adds to the popu- larity of the concern. NEW ERA STEAM GUAGE WORKS, .fcHoMELIUS & VOLKER, 78 WASHINGTON STREET. The New Era Steam Guage Works, though established as late as 1876, have proved so successful and give such solid proofs of permanence, as to fully entitle them to notice in any publication bearing upon the industrial resources of this city. The works were founded in 1876, by Messrs. P. S. T. Ho- melius and D. L. Volker, who formed, at that period, a co- partnership for the purpose of manufacturing Steam Guages, both being expert, practical mechanics, well versed in the theory and practice of their vocation. The capital at first invested may be set down as extremely limited in cash, but sufficiently ample in the more valuable requisite of skill, resolution and intelligence. With these, and themselves as their only operatives, the business was commenced, with the results up to the present time as before indicated. The plant is now located at No. 78 Washington street, near Perry, and is supplied with not only the ordinary mechanical appliances, but with such machinery devised especially for certain special work to which it is admirably adapted, including the latest improved turning lathes, &c. The manufactures of the firm consist of Steam and Va- cuum Guages, Hydraulic and Water Guages, Test Pumps and Test Guages, Gear Cutters and Gear Cutting Punches and Dies, Taps and Dies, Metal Patterns and Metal Moulds, Fluting Machines and Rollers, repairs of all kinds, Models and experimental machinery, requiring the exercise of in- genuity and mechanical knowledge. Five men are now employed in the work, the partners still giving their personal labor and supervision to every depart- ment, insuring by this solicitude and care the best class of work, and avoiding all mistakes in design, construction or fitting. Mr. Paul Homelius, the senior partner, has been a resident of Buffalo for more than forty years, and is well known in connection with his vocation. Mr. Volker has made his home in this city for about twenty years; and both are re- cognized as aiding no little in the industrial growth of the community. In the particular line of mechanics to which they direct their energies, they are Known to have few successful competitors; and those who require thoroughly reliable work in their department, may depend upon it that our endorsement of the New Era Steam Guage Works is based solely upon facts. E. WEBSTER & SON, Coal and Ice, 219 Erie Street. The extensive business of E. Webster & Son is one which attracts the attention of the public as well as the mercantile community in general, the association between coal and ice being so dissimilar. The resources of Messrs. Webster & Son, however, are such that they combine both, and utilize each in a highly profitable manner; making the working ap- pliances for the one serve for the requirements of the other. The senior member of the firm, Mr. Ellis Webster, orga- nized the business thirteen years ago, and continued the same until recently on his own account, when he took his son, E. H. Webster, into copartnership with him. The premises they occupy at 219 Erie street are very ex- tensive, and a large trade in both departments is done in their respective seasons. They have 200 feet of dock and street frontage, the ice-house being 100x150, and capable of storing 12,000 tons. A powerful steam engine does the work of hoisting, an elevator of large capacity being employed in this service. The requirements of the trade employ twenty men regularly, while in the height of the harvesting season, or when business calls for it, there are times when seventy men are engaged. The general pay-roll aggregates from one hundred and twenty-five to one hundred and fifty dol- lars per week. The business done by the firm is an exten- sive one, amounting to from one hundred and twenty-five thousand to one hundred and fifty thousand dollars per year — the house being one of the largest in the city in this line. The trade done is chiefly local, and the firm of E. Web- ster & Son occupies a high standing in both branches of their respective business. JAMES P. GETHING, Draper and Tailor, 10 West Eagle Street. It may not be uninteresting to the masculine reader oj the Trades and Industries of Buffalo to receive some infor- mation pertaining to the matters of attire; " for the apparel oft proclaims the man," which may result in future advan- tage. The house of Mr. James P. Gething, formerly Gething & Sweet, established for many years, and conducted with a liberality and enterprise that has made for it an established reputation, may be regarded as one of the most popular Merchant Tailoring Establishments in this city. Located at No. 10 West Eagle street, with premises of the most handsome and commodious character, the business of the house is directed exclusively to the manufacture of custom- made work. From twenty to twenty-five employes, expert in their various departments, are employed by Mr. Gething, who supervises every detail with a solicitude and experience that ensures perfection, and a product so tasteful as to defv criticism. A native of England, the proprietor came to this country at an early age, settling in New York City, and finally re- moving to Buffalo in 1863, since which time he has occupied a high position in his present vocation. The wide range that is afforded for selection in this establishment, the innu- merable variety of the best class of foreign and domestic fabrics, makes it an easy and pleasant task to select here the most fitting materials which enter into the manufacture of gentlemen's attire. Those who deal with this house may confidently depend upon securing, therefore, in the first place, choice and tasteful fabrics, elegant styles, perfect fit and superior finish in make and tout ensemble, while the prices are invariably governed by a sense of moderation for which the house has a thoroughly established repute. 58 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. C. P. HAZARD & BRO., Wholesale and Retail Lumber, 92 River Strieet and 343 Louisiana Street. The lumber trade of Buffalo is one of the principal fea- tuies of the commerce of the city, and the amount of busi- ness done in the course of the season is computed at many millions of feet. Among some of the largest and most influ- ential houses in the trade is the firm of C P. Hazard & Bro. Their business is divided into two departments, Wholesale and Retail. During the shipping season from twenty to twenty-five hands are regularly employed, but in the winter months only eight are necessary. They also employ two bookkeepers and two salesmen. The trade done is very large during the course of the year. They carry from 3,000,000 to 4,000,000 feet in Stock, and turn over annually from 7,000.000 to 8,000,000 feet. The facilities of the com- pany for carrying on this extensive trade are ample. They have two yards, one 250x325, the other 450x350, with large dockage conveniences, and all combined have a capacity for storing from 5,000,000 to 6,000,000 feet of lumber. The business was organized by C. P. Hazard in April, 1864, under somewhat adverse circumstances, with compara- tively small capital. He was born in August, 1823, in Prince Edward County, Province of Ontario, — and experienced considerable up hill work at the commencement of his business career, but by hard work and a thorough experience with practical knowledge of the trade, the business has in the course of time assumed its present proportions and high standing. W. B. Hazard, the other partner, was born in January, 1830. Their pay roll ranges from $75 per week in winter to $250 per week in summer, and their trade extends all throughout the interior of this state and into Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland; the business done in the latter states being principally confined to the large cities. Altogether the firm of C. P. Hazard & Bro., and the trade done by them, compares very' favorably with our largest houses in this city in the same line. R. OVENS, Manufacturer of Bread, Cakes and Crackers, &c, Nos. 59 to 67 Ellicott St. The extent to which many of the industries of Buffalo have attained during the past quarter of a century is owing nut only to the natural growth and enterprise common to most large communities but to the remarkably fortunate geographical position of this city, which places it immediate- ly in line of that great traffic which is continually being carried on between the East and the West, as well as makes it the center of a system of navigation far surpassing in breadth and usefulness that which pertains to any other inland city in the country. These advantages have been employed with avidity by many houses that have risen to deserved prominence, and among which must be classed that of Mr. R. Ovens, whose business for nearly a quarter of a century has flourished with perennial vitality. Originally established in 1848 by Mr. R. Ovens, and changing to R. Ovens & Son in 1866 the firm was conducted under this title till 1869, when by the withdrawal of the junior partner the style was accordingly changed, and the business came under the entire control of Mr. R. Ovens, where it still remains. Though founded upon a scale far from extensive, the energy and discernment with which the trade was prose- cuted were effective in producing results, and building up a business of the most satisfactory character; and as an evi- dence of the extent to which operations have been carried, a few facts in this connection will not be out of place. The plant of Mr. Ovens is situated as above, on Ellicott Street, and covers a spacious area, the main building having four floors and finished basement, and dimensions 94^x150 1 Here are found employees, men, boys and girls to the 1 er of fifty or more, requiring a weekly disbursement 1 four hundred dollars, besides which three com- mercial traveler-, represent the house in New York, Penn- sylvania and Ohio. The machinery with which the estab- lishment is replete embodies every improvement or novel advantage known to the most advanced in the trade, and adds greatly to the perfection of the goods produced as well as the rapidity with which they are made. Among the various appliances in use is an English mixing machine, by means of which two barrels of flour may be mixed every five minutes; also_ a Rotary mixer of late invention, said to be unsurpassed in excellence for effective work; Holmes' soft dough machine; and in addition a complete set of English machinery for making fancy crackers, Sc, which, it is said, can not be duplicated west of New York City. An aerating machine for making aerated bread, for which Mr. Ovens holds the exclusive right for Western New York, is also found among the apparatus in use; all of which, with much other machinery, complicated and simple, is operated by a. 30-horse power steam engine, which also runs the eleva- tor, by which the floors are connected and the handling of stork made easy. Nor are the facilities in possession of Mr. Ovens yet indicated, without referring to a capacity, which, by means of two vast ovens consuming over three hundred and fifty tons of hard coal per year, enables him to convert two hundred barrels of flour daily into Biscuits, plain and fancy, eight or ten kinds of Crackers, Pilot Bread, Jumbles, Fancy Cakes and an innumerable variety of goods eagerly appreciated by the trade and the public. An innovation lately introduced by Mr. Ovens is that of manufacturing all the paper-boxes required in his business; a departure which of course conduces to the benefit of his trade. Here also are made all the packing cases needed; a regular carpenter-shop being required for this purpose. These departments of the work are assigned to the third story, which is also used for storage; while the fourth floor is devoted to packing and cooling the goods, &c. The second story is set apart for the storage of several thousand barrels of flour; and the first floor for bakery, shipping, offices and retail department; while in the rear are the stables and accommodation for numerous horses and six wagons that supply the local trade. A native of Scotland, Mr. R. Ovens came to this city as a lad of eighteen, and for forty-six years has devoted himself to the avocation in which we find him engaged. His career has been eminently a prosperous and useful one, promoting to a large extent the industrial thrift of the community of which he is an esteemed member. J. A. SCHRECK, Feed Mills, 368 Ohio Street. On a large lot extending 5,000 square feet on Ohio street is the establishment of Mr. J. A. Schreck — where he carries on an extensive business in manufacturing ground feed, and selling flour, western grain, and feed generally. The business done is mostly for shipment, and amounts to $150,000 per annum. His premises consist of one building and office; the former being 40x60 and the latter 12x16. Mr. Schreck commenced business at .Hazel ton, Luzerne Co., Pa., of which place he is a native, in 1872, and contin- ued there in the same line for over five years. He then re- moved to this city, and in 1S77 began to operate at his pre- sent location, on quite an extensive scale, as before stated. For his business requirements he employs an engine of 30-horse power with one four feet run stone, which is capable of making thirty tons of feed per day. Eight hands are constantly employed at work; the pay roll for whom aver- ages over three hundred dollars per month. The stock generally carried is about five thousand dollars. Mr. C. F. Barton is the bookkeeper, and Mr, A. A. F.ngle the sales- man of the establishment, the trade connection being chiefly confined to the hard coal fields of Pennsylvania. The mode of operation and business done will bear very favorable comparison with others in the same line, the ope- rations being large and business associations extensive, while the present demands upon the house are so large that Mr. Schreck has in contemplation extensive improvements and large additions to his mills. HENRY G. WOLTER, Boots and Shoes, 15 West Eagle Street. Here will be found the establishment of Henry G. Wol- ter, whose name is so well known not only in Buffalo, but also in the surrounding cities and main adjacent states, for the very superior workmanship he displays in his business. His house can be depended upon at all times for the finest high class work that can be turned out in the trade. The whole of his extensive business is confined exclusively to custom work, for v> hich i.e bears the palm and admits of no superior. Mr. Wolter is a native of Prussia, where he was born in 1823. At twenty years of age he came to this country, and in 1857 he began business on his own account in Buffalo with a very small capital, but with a practical knowledge of his business and a determination to succeed. Commencing at once by turning out first class work, he soon obtained the patronage of a large number of customers who ever since have been steadily on the increase. He now employs twelve hands steadily, which will at once show the extent of his trade BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 59 L. GILLIG & SONS, Wholesale and Retail Merchants in Liquors, Wines and Cigars, 273 Washington Street. The facilities for obtaining in Buffalo the choicest brands of Domestic or Foreign Wines and Liquors are by no means limited; but among the many houses engaged in this line of trade, a few words with reference to that of Messrs. Gillig & Sons may not be inappropriate. This firm was established in 1648 by the late L. Gillig, Esq., who conducted the business under his own name until 1S65, when the title changed to L. Gillig &l Son by the ad- mission of Charles, and to L. Gillig & Sons three years later by the admission of John. The founder of the house was in many respects a remark- able man. Born in Baden in the year 1S17, he emigrated to this country and settled in Buffalo when but twenty years of age; but returned to Europe after a short stay, where he was married, and again returned to this city in 1843, estab- lishing the business as before stated, in 1848. During his career in this city, which was ended by his demise in 1878, Lorenz Gillig became thoroughly identified with the inter- ests of Buffalo, both with reference to its municipal and commercial affairs. For a number of years an Alderman from the Sixth Ward, also Assessor of the city, he became widely known for his discernment and probity. As First Lieutenant in the Sixty-fifth Regiment, N. Y. S. M. (Col- onel J. Krettner), he took an active interest in the early establishment of military organizations, and in these and other respects was a public-spirited and useful citizen. The relations which he established nearly a third of a century ago with European merchants and wine-growers have been perpetuated by the firm, which enjoys conse- quent advantages in the importation of French, German, Italian and Spanish Wines, Brandies, Gins and Liqueurs — advantages that are possessed by few houses in this country. The premises devoted to the business are located at 273 Washington street; they embrace an area of 261.2x13a feet, the building having five floors including the "basement, the upper of which are used for the wholesale departments ex- clusively, and contain a stock valued at $25,000; the first floor for the retail part of the business, and the cellar for storage, etc. Four assistants are employed here, the mem- bers of the firm also giving their personal attention to every detail. These gentlemen are both natives of Buffalo, and may be said not only to have inherited a knowledge of the business, but the business itself, which under their manage- ment has become a favorite resort for those desiring to ob- tain Wines, Liquors or Cigars, matchless in quality and always at prices within the range of moderation. JACOB H. MAYER, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Fine Confec- tions, 386 Main Street. Looking in detail at the varied industries of Buffalo, we find that the Confectionery business, both in the manufac- turing and retail departments, involves no inconsiderable capital, employs numerous operatives, and conduces to a very extensive traffic. Engaged in this line of business, Mr. J. H. Mayer occu- pies commodious premises on the principal avenue of the city as above, and transacts an annual business of from twenty-five to thirty thousand dollars. The house was es- tablished originally by Messrs. Martin & Mayer, August 15th, 1865, with resources of the most limited character, which were gradually enlarged, however, until the decease of the senior partner, August 1st, 1868. Mr. Mayer then assumed entire control of the business, which flourished with equal success under his management, until at present thirteen employes are required in the various departments of the work, which are three, viz.: Pastry and Cake, Candy, Ice Cream and Restaurant. One small boiler and steam engine are kept in operation during the proper season for the manufacture of Ice Cream, which is widely celebrated as being of the most superior quality. In the retail department it is requisite that all goods should be freshly made, and in this matter Mr. Mayer is extremely particular — a fact with which his customers are thoroughly familiar. In every respect this establishment is a model of cleanliness and good taste, and the success that has attended the business is the natural result of the careful manner in which it is conducted. A native of Wurtemberg, Germany, born January 21st, 1846, Mr. Mayer was brought to this country by his parents as an infant, and has since resided in Buffalo, acquiring his business in the house of which he is now the proprietor, and becoming not only a skillful and practical workman, but an intelligent and enterprising business man, prompt, reliable and liberal in all his dealings. THE COMMERCIAL AGENCY Of John McKillop & Co., Charles A. Gerlach, Pro- prietor and Manager, 64 Pearl St., Cor. of Seneca. In a reference to Buffalo as a point for the safe, speedy, and profitable transaction of business, we are confronted among other advantages with that which it derives from the protective influence of the above concern. This agency was organized- in 1842, and established in this city at a later period, has had a vital influence in securing to the business community all the benefits which arise from comparative certainty in the prosecution of its various trans- actions. Its influence is a potent one, and has been con- stantly and sedulously exerted to obviate the evils arising from the too comprehensive credit system prevalent at all times in American trade. It is safe to assert that through the publication of its Daily Business Sheets, seven thou- sand Attorneys and Correspondents judiciously placed in every city, town, and village of importance in the United States, a collection system, prompt, efficient and decisive, and special reports of the highest value and reliability, that the Commercial Agency of John McKillop & Co. has saved to its patrons more time, money and anxiety than can possi- bly enter into our computations. By the system devised and introduced by Mr. Gerlach each subscriber to the Agency and his traveling representative is supplied with a vol- ume containing an accurate list of the attorneys and spe- cial correspondents of the house, which together with blanks accompanying the publication affords the traveling agent an opportunity of making inquiries at all points, which inquiries are instantly replied to, frequently reaching their ultimate destination simultaneously with the order which prompted them. The inestimable benefits of this plan, which has not long been in operation, are such as to have occasioned the highest encomiums, and procured en- dorsements from the representative business men of this city, which leaves no doubt as to its efficacy. In the matter of collections the methods of the Agency under the direction of Mr. Gerlach have always insured the approval of its patrons, no remittances being delayed, and all monies passing direct through this office for its subscrib- ers without the delay and inconvenience of a preliminary transmission to New York. The office of John McKillop & Co. in this city is located on the first floor at the corner of Pearl street and Seneca in the very heart of finance and trade. It is ample in dimen- sions and neatly if not elegantly appointed, the most perfect order being preserved in every department. From six to eight clerks, reporters, collectors, &c, find active employ- ment here under the immediate supervision of the Manager, who is thoroughly familiar with the least detail. A native of this State, Mr. Gerlach has been a resident of Buffalo for nearly eight years, a period, the bulk of which he has devoted with great energy and success to his present enter- prise; an enterprise which both by education and natural ability he is well fitted to conduct, inspiring at the same time the confidence, consideration and esteem of that public whose interests are so greatly enhanced by his labors. J. L. RING & CO., Farina Mills, Flour and Feed, 20 West Market and 3oWilkeson Sts. At No. 20 West Market, also in spacious rooms in the Clarke, Holland & Co. block at No. soWilkeson street, we find 'the mills of Messrs. J. L. Ring & Co., who are the proprie- tors of the famous Farina Mills, and are manufacturers of " German " Haxall and " Gilt Edge " Flour, Pearl Barley, Farina, Split Peas, Graham Flour, Cracked Wheat, Corn Meal and Feed of all kinds. The business was originated by the present firm, and a large trade is done throughout the city and surrounding dis- tricts. They manufacture forty-five barrels of flour per day, and have four barley mills, with two run of stones for corn, split peas and farina. The stock is carefully selected, and nothing but the very best quality is kept, hence the trade done is very extensive and rapidly increasing. The firm of J. L. Ring & Co. have a high standing among others in their line of business, not only in personal reputation, but in the superiority of their products; the result of their thorough, practical knowledge and the personal supervision over all the details of their business The growth and pros- perity of this house, though rapid, is only commensurate with the energy, good judgment and superior advantages possessed by this firm, all of which are sedulously employed in maintaining the character of their brands, and by so doing meeting the most exacting demands of their numerous patrons. 6o BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. FRANK & CO., Manufacturers of Wood Working Machinery, 176 Terrace Street. While reviewing the manufacturing interests and enter- prises of Buffalo, noting those things that are remarkable and observing particularly the character of the work here executed, the extent of such productions, and general bear- ing upon the industries and prosperity of the community, we were more than ordinarily attracted by the establishment of Frank & Co., located as above, and the Wood Working Machines produced by this firm, the "Co." of which is merely nominal. Mr. A. H. Frank, the projector of the business (which he founded in 1844) and present proprietor, is a native of Ban- gor, Franklin county, this state, where he was horn in 1823, coming to Buffalo and commencing his vocation at the age of twenty-one, since which period he has been continuously identified with the development of this city. The plant of Mr. Frank is located on the Terrace, at No. 176, the grounds occupying an area of 100x216 feet; on this lot is erected a large four story brick structure 70x116 feet, divided into numerous departments, for founding and mechanical operations, relating to the construction of Mor- tising, Tenoning, Sash Sticking and Moulding Machines, Band Saws and Wood Turning Lathes, Pony Planers and improved Circular Saw Arbors, &c, together with machines for Planing, Tonguing and Grooving, &c. As an expert mechanician Mr. Frank is regarded as being at the top of his business, and as the designer and introducer of the celebrated Pony Planer, so well known to all wood workers, his reputa- tion requires no extension at our hands. Of the machinery manufactured at this establishment we must direct special attention to the Economist Planer and Matcher, the Variety Moulder, and the Frank Band and Scroll Saw, all pieces of mechanism combining in the highest degree utility, simplicity and ingenuity, made with special reference to economy of power and material in oper- ation, and celerity in the performance of the work for which they are severally adapted. With great natural aptitude for his vocation and an ex- perience replete with study and experiment, it may be assumed as a necessary sequence that the business of Mr. Frank has enlarged no little since its foundation, an assump- tion so far in keeping with the facts that we may state that the trade now transacted amounts to over seventy thousand dollars annually, and that the whole plant, including stock, machinery, patterns, &c, is valued at considerably more than one hundred thousand dollars. A force of workmen, the largest part of whom are skillful artisans, are employed con- tinually in this establishment, requiring a weekly disburse- ment on this account alone of about four hundred and fifty dollars, while a 40-horse power steam engine and boiler are used to operate the machinery, much of which is originally ingenious, having been devised by the proprietor, to meet his own special wants. Our space forbids us to enter into minute detail with re- gard to the machines, for the manufacture of which Mr. Frank has achieved a reputation, and a trade which extends over the entire United States, and no small portion of the Camillas, South America, Australia, Japan, and West India Islands, It must suffice to say that in practical utility they are unsurpassed, and our readers at a distance who are en- gaged in operations requiring the use of woud-working ma- chinery, can not do themselves a greater service than by writing Frank & Co. for an illustrated circular and price-list. In conclusion we feci no hesitancy in saying that the repu- tation for skill, liberality and integrity enjoyed and main- tained by Mr. Frank in this city, for a period exceeding a. third of a century, is an ample guarantee that in all business transactions his obligations at least will be fairly met, and Erompt satisfaction invariably assured to those who contri- ute to his continued success. H. T. APPLEBY, i'll palo homceopathic pharmacy, 18 west eagle Street The remarkable growth which during the last quarter of a century has attended the introduction of the Homoeopathic pratice marks an epoch in the history of medical science which has no parallel, and gives rise to certain contingent professions of the utmost importance and utility. Of such, the work of preparing, in accordance with the rules laid down by Hahnemann, the medicines prescribed in this school, is one which requires not only a profound knowledge of the remedies themselves, but a high degree of chemical ability in their exact attenuation ami trituration. Engaged in this particular branch of the exact sciences, Mr. H.T. Appleby succeeded in 1S67 to the business of Mr. A. J. Tafel, who preceded him in this exacting and labor- ious vocation. The pharmacy is located at No. 18 West Eagle street, and is fitted up with a laboratory where every appliance is in use for the production of the highest poten- cies as well as the crude tinctures. Assisted by four experienced and expert employees, and pursuing the manufacture of these medicines with the greatest care, the Buffalo Homoeopathic Pharmacy has be- come the central depot for Western New Vork, where the fortunate adherents of this system can obtain everything that the Materia Medica demands. Aside from his extensive business in this direction, Mr. Appleby carries a select assortment of toilet wares, per- fumes, fancy soaps, brushes, sponges and lavatory sundries. Certain specialties invented and compounded by the pro- prietor are particularly deserving of mention: among which noticeably appear Appleby's Coffee Substitute, a prepara- tion economical, harmless, nutritious, delicious, and easily prepared; and Appleby's Distilled Extract of Witch Hazel, a sovereign remedy for the cure of catarrh, rheumatism, cutaneous and bronchial disorders. In view of the advantages which Mr. Appleby can place at the disposal of his customers, and the extensive experi- ence resulting from the practice and study of many years, it is not too much to say that those who purchase the goods, medicines, or preparations that originate from the Buffalo Homoeopathic Pharmacy may depend upon their purity and efficacy with the most implicit confidence. C. E. BRINKWORTH, Engraver and Wedding Stationer, 243 Main St. For more than ten years Mr. Brinkworth has pursued his vocation in Buffalo, and adding to the industrial thrift of the city, is not to be overlooked in our present compilation. Mr. Brinkworth pursues a special line of trade, and in his spe- cialties of fine engraving, cards, wedding stationary, and choice work in seals, coats of arms, crests, seal-presses, noto- rial and corporation or lodge seals, monograms and similar work in all varieties executed with skill and expedition. The business was established in 1869, and from that time has been constantly increasing, especially in the lines of card work and engraving. A resident of Buffalo for more than eighteen years, Mr. Brinkworth has a thorough knowledge of the wants of his trade, and as an expert in supplying the same has no successful compeer. To those, therefore, who are in need of goods or work in his line, we may safely say that nowhere can they obtain better satisfaction and at a cost always within the limits of moderation. WILLIAMSVILLE LIME CO., Dealers in Quick Lime, Stucco, Cement, &c, Cor. Broadway and Elm Streets. The large and extensive business of the Williamsville Lime Co. has been in existence over fifty years, although the style has been changed since then. As it is one of the oldest, so it has expanded until it has become the largest undertaking of the kind within a radius of one hundred miles of Buffalo. The originators of the concern began with a very limited capital, as in those early days in the history of trade a local connection only was aimed at, and a small capital only was necessary to carry out the contracts, but in the progress of time business increased and more capital was put in, until this necessary nucleus of strength now foots up to from seventy-five to one hundred thousand dollars. The original partners were Messrs. Fogelsonger and Vi lungs, the respective fathers of the gentlemen of the same name who are the present proprietors. The secret of manu- facture, the celebrated quarries, with the valuable mineral wealth of the property, seems to have been handed down in the family as a legacy of rare value. At present the com- pany is composed of C. C. Grove, W. Fogelsonger, Henry Fogelsongei , F. H. Voungs and J. S. Youngs, the latter of whi m is the Secretary. All the parties concerned were born in Erie county of this state; Mr. J. S. Youngs being the well-known and highly respected City Engineer, and Mr. ('. C. ( Move the Chairman of the Board of Supervisors here, which shows the interest they take in municipal affairs, and the general welfare of their native city and county. The company's base of operations, as their title would indicate, is situated near Williamsville, and the property consists of two hundred and twenty acres of lime-stone quarries, with kilns, houses and buildings and every appliance necessary for carrying on a colossal trade. They are now, as they have been for many years, largely patronized: and the fact of the business having been uninterrupted for such a length of time, is a proof of the high classed merits of t'he article, and the stability and satisfactory business management of the Company. The general trade is large and varied, consisting of Quick Lime, Cement or Water Lime, Calcined Plastei t r BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 61 general use, Casting Plaster for ornaments, moulds, &c, Su- perfine Plaster for dentists and modelers, Marble Dust, &c. In addition to the above they have a fast increasing trade in a very superior quality of Cut Lime Stone, which they are furnishing in large quantities. It is unsurpassed in its uni- form soundness and purity, also susceptible of a finish re- markably bright and attractive. Fifty men are employed in the works, and twenty-two teams are kept constantly on the road. Such facts are illus- trative of the magnitude of their business. The city office of the company is situated at the corner of Broadway and Elm streets; it is a three-story brick building, and combines every convenience for the transaction of business. In con- clusion we venture the remark that the well known reputa- tion of the firm, the unexcelled character of their celebrated quarries and their thorough and complete facilities place them in the front rank in their line of business. L. & I. J. WHITE, Manufacturers of Edge Tools and Knives and Machine Knives, etc., No. 312 Exchange Street. Buffalo is fast acquiring a pre-eminent reputation as a manufacturing center, and there are certain enterprises car- ried on here which cannot be regarded as of secondary im- portance to the growth and prosperity of the city in an industrial sense. Of such firms as are entitled to considera- tion, and would naturally be suggested by the above remark, that of Messrs. L. & I. J. White must not be forgotten. Established thirty-seven years ago, the business was commenced upon a limited scale, growing gradually from year to year, the founders and proprietors paying more at- tention to the excellence of the wares manufactured than the amount of sales or monetary returns. Both prac- tical mechanicians and experts in their vocation, the Messrs. White have devoted themselves with ardor to the produc- tion of edged tools which should be at least equal to any manufactured in this country, and vie in excellence with the imported English goods. That they have succeeded in this object is no matter of doubt, and the excellence they have acquired in the production of their specialties is such as to have created a demand from the nearest as well as the most remote points in the United States and Canadas. The present plant of the firm is located on Exchange street as above, and covers an extensive area, the main building measuring 60x104 feet, flanked with a wing 50x90 feet. Forty operatives, most of whom are experts in the working of steel, are engaged here, while one sixty-horse power engine is required to move the machinery, which is in many respects novel, ingenious, and unique. The wares for which the firm is most celebrated consist of such tools as drawing knives for various purposes, ship- builders' tools, butchers' cleavers and sausage choppers, coopers' implements of all kinds, and edged instruments for other artisans. As before remarked, th*» quality of these goods may be implicitly relied upon. They are manufac- tured exclusively of the best English cast steel, and are guaranteed to be flawless in every respect. The standingof the firm is so well known as to need no commendation at our hands; suffice it to say that in a career extending over so long a period, they have maintained a reputation of which they maybe justly proud, and for which they are entitled to the highest esteem and consideration. .Ma hine knives in general for planers, tobacco cutters, and such other machinery, are specialties to which the firm direct their particular attention, and in the manufacture of which they have no successful competitor. JAMES H. JEWETT, Boots and Shoes, 404 Main Street. The proprietor of this establishment, Mr. James H. Jewett, is a gentleman of energy and enterprise, and possesses thorough business capacity for anything he undertakes in the way of commerce. He has two stores in Buffalo, and one in New York City; the latter at corner of Third avenue and Astor Place. His largest store in this city is at 404 Main street, where the greatest bulk of the stock is carried, and where business of a very extensive character is transacted. The other store, situated at 191 Seneca street, though smaller, does also quite a considerable trade in Boots and Shoes, and gets its share of custom. Mr. Jewett came to Buffalo in 1845, and was employed by the then well-known firm of Jewett & Root. In 1849 Mr. Jewett, in company with Mr. John C. Jewett, commenced the stove business, combining it with other articles of house furnishing, for nine years. He then retired from active business, and from 1858 to 1866 was not associated with any commercial pursuits. In 1866, however, he again commenced another period of his prolonged business career in an entirely new line, namely Boots and Shoes as above, and has success- fully carried on from then till now a large and flourishing trade in this class of goods. He carries a considerable amount of stock, about forty thousand dollars, and the amount of business done per annum foots up to one hundred thousand dollars. His capital is large and amply sufficient for all his wants. With many years of business experience, and possessing all the requisites necessary for doing a suc- cessful trade, the establishments of Mr. Jewett can compare very favorably with any others in the city in the same line GEO. W. TIFFT, SONS & CO., Engines, Boilers, Machinery and Architectural Iron, Washington and Ohio Streets. The manufacturing interests of Buffalo, while being ex- ceedingly diversified in character, are of far greater magni- tude than is generally supposed by those unfamiliar with this city. The enterprise of Messrs. Geo. W. Tifft, Sons & Co. is an illustration in point, and as the pioneer concern in the line of its operations, as well as one of the most exten- sive establishments in this country, is a particularly apt subject for comment in this connection. The house, the oldest of the kind in Buffalo, was, when founded, May 15, 1841, by act of Legislature, known as the Buffalo Steam Engine Works, a title which was continued till 1857, when it was changed to the present style; under which, for nearly a quarter of a century, the business has been prosecuted with that kind of success which results from the production of nothing inferior. In the manufacture of Steam Engines, Boilers and Archi- tectural Iron Work this house has become celebrated not only in Buffalo and within its ordinary trade radius, but the exportation of this class of mechanism to Spain, Brazil and other remote points in South America and the West Indies, is the strongest evidence that the work turned out by this firm is far from being merely of a common grade of excel- lence. From four to six hundred steam engines are turned out by this concern per annum, besides boilers and other machinery and iron work in considerable variety. From such a capacity it may be rightly inferred that the plant is an extensive one; it covers, in fact, an area of over two acres, and is divided into various departments, includ- ing the Foundry, Machine Shop, Boiler Shops, Blacksmith Shop, Pattern Shop and Pattern Loft. Here are employed a force of from one hundred and seventy-five to three hun- dred.^Jgeratives, most of whom are expert and experienced mechanics. Some of the machinery in use is not only pecu- liarly ingenious and original, but of great magnitude, one lathe being of a size sufficient to turn a shaft twenty feet long, or a fly wheel ten to twelve feet in diameter; while a Corliss engine of 60-horse power, made by the firm, supplies the requisite motive power for operating the machinery. A large part of the engines manufactured by the firm are specially adapted for the demands of oil producers, and are not only sufficiently powerful, but are compact, extremely simple, reversible from a distance, and combine, in short, as many advantages as can be crowded into so small a compass. These engines are so highly esteemed in the oil regions that the firm have established a permanent agency for them at Bradford, which is conducted by Mr. R. H. Boughton, Jr., General Agent. As an illustration of the architectural iron work executed by the firm we have but to point to the German Insurance Company's building on Main street (the most handsome business block in Buffalo), to convince our readers that the facilities enjoyed by Messrs. Tifft, Sons & Co. for the production of this class of work must be simply unrivaled; while in the manufacture of the larger engines with which most of the grain elevators of the city are sup- plied, nothing is left to be desired. Butchers, lard packers, soap makers, glue manufacturers and other' engaged in kindred vocations will be interested to learn that this house also makes Dopp's Patent Seamless Steam Kettle, a vessel having a double bottom and sides, with a space between the two for the admission of steam; by which means the contents of the kettle proper may be main- tained at an even temperature, always free from the danger of scorching or burning. The firm is composed of Messrs. Geo. W. Tifft, Jno. V. Tifft and Chas. L. Whiting, and is recognized as one of the most libera! and enterprising houses in the city. This repu- tation is the natural outgrowth of the uniformly equitable policy which has dominated all the business operations of the concern for more than two decades, and sufficiently warrants the remark that in its particular line of manufac- tures there is no house in Buffalo that we can more readily endorse, as affording its customers both general and special advantages not easily duplicated in this country. 62 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. DARROW & KEIM, Carriage and Wagon Manufactory, Corner of Ex- change and Chicago Streets. This firm succeeded to the business of John C. Ryan, corner Exchange and Chicago streets, about a year ago, and have made an auspicious commencement as Carriage and Wagon Manufacturers and General Blacksmiths. The partners, Frank L. Darrow and Charles Keim, were born respectively as follows: the former in Marietta, Ohio, in 1844, the latter in this city, and are young men of enter- prise, and possessing good business capacity. They keep the best of stock that can be procured, and have always on hand an ample supply- of material. They likewise make it a point to employ none but the best of skilled workmen, and they guarantee their work equal to any built anywhere in the United States. Their shop, which is 50x120, is most conveniently located for doing a large business, and has sufficient capacity for carrying on all the branches of the trade. Besides new work, they give special attention to Repairing, Painting, Lettering and Trimming, and guaran- tee to give entire satisfaction to all by whom they are en- trusted with work. .Mr. Darrow is a son of the Manager of the Star Oil Com- pany, and makes it his duty to attend to the financial and outside department of the business; while Mr. Keim devotes his entire attention to the Manufactory, and overlooks ev- erything personally, allowing nothing to go away from the premises without first undergoing a careful, minute and critical inspection. Fifteen skilled workmen are constantly employed in the business, and as before stated, the work turned out is first-class, and will bear favorable comparison with any competitor in the trade. No better evidence can be given of the class of work turned out at this establishment, or the popularity of the firm, than the fact that they have lately been compelled to erect an additional two-story building, to meet the growing demand for their manufacture. JOHN WENDELL, Dealer in Gents' Furnishing Goods and Manufac- turer of White Shirts to Order, No. 351 Main St. The business conducted by Mr. John Wendell was estab- lished in 1873 by Mr. Geo. C. Benedict, who was succeeded by the present proprietor in 1877. The special line of trade for which this house is celebrated is the manufacture of fine dress shirts, a department in which it stands at the head of all its cotemporaries for the admirable fit and excellence of this class of goods. Here also may be found every variety of gents' garniture, including ties, underwear, hosiery, gloves, handkerchiefs, braces of all kinds, and in short all goods which pertain to the perfect costume of a gentleman. The premises are spacious and well equipped for the business, which is, locally, quite extensive; the average stock ranging in value from twenty-five to thirty-five hun- dred dollars, from five to seven operatives being employed in the shirt manufacturing department. Mr. Wendell, as a native of Buffalo, is widely known to a large circle of acquaintances in this city, and is said to be more than ordinarily proficient in his vocation, and able to afford his customers advantages that cannot easily be du- plicated elsewhere. Readers, non-residents of the city, will do well to open a correspondence with Mr. Wendell in reference to shirts. A perfect and entirely satisfactory article of this kind is guar- anteed, conducing in no small degree to repose in life and exemption from profanity. MADAME THAYER, Human Hair Goods, No. 479 Main St., Tifft House. The leading house in Buffalo, and perhaps within a ra- dius of several hundred miles, in the line of Human Hair Goods and Jewelry, is that of Madame Thayer, whose estab- lishment and experience seem to warrant at' least brief men- tion in this work. For ten years pursuing her business in this city, and for as many more previously in Brooklyn, N. Y., Mme. Thayer has acquired a minute knowledge of a branch of trade that requires not only expertness and dexterity, but a fine per- . epti in of the most insignificant gradations in color, and a taste at once artistic and cultivated. With such advan- tages it is no matter of surprise that the Emporium of Mme. Thayer has become the resort of the very best class of trade in this city and its surroundings, and that here may be found the choicest goods that pertain to the business. In a stock valued at several thousand dollars will be found single switches of natural hair valued at $100 each; besides all varieties of hair work jewelry, wigs, etc., much of which is manufactured by three artistes employed for this purpose. Cosmetics and perfumes will also be found in great vari- ety, as well as the celebrated French Water Color, for changing the hue of the hair to brown or black, as also a useful preparation for the same purpose called Blonde Wash . A thorough proficient in her business, the establishment of Mme. Thayer should not be forgotten by those who would, in appearance at least, cancel the last two or three decades. A. M. WESTFALL Buffalo Pump Works, No. 80 Washington Street. In the manufacture of certain specialties, particularly in the line of Iron Force Pumps, it has been admitted in this city that A. M. Westfall is at the head of the trade. The Genesee Valley Force Pump, which is manufactured exclusively by this house, was patented in 1S74 by A. J. Tyler, who commenced to make them during that year, and continued till 1S76, when he was succeeded by the present proprietor, who has from that time retained control of the business. These pumps, after an almost innumerable series of tests during the past six years, have not only fulfilled all the claims made for them, but have achieved a repute which places them upon the market without a successful rival. Through agents in various parts of New York state, Can- ada and the West this pump has become pretty generally known, and is recognized as one of the most complete and durable pumps extant, having several novel advantages which can be fully ascertained by addressing the proprietor for descriptive circidar. Besides the manufacture of these goods, the works turn out large quantities of " The Engineer's Favorite," a double-headed, double-action and adjustable Tube Clean- er, for the Kendall Mf'g Co. This apparatus, for remov- ing sediment or oxidation, is simple and effective in opera- tion, making it indispensable to engineers and others. Mr. Westfall has been a resident of Buffalo since 1862, and has always been concerned in mechanical industries. His trade is constantly increasing, and the equitable manner in which he conducts his business, as well as the admirable quality and character of the work turned out, are guaran- tees of future increased success that are sufficiently obvious. ALEXANDER H. BROWN, Machinist, 16 to 20 Elk Street. For many years Alexander H. Brown has been well and favorably known in Buffalo as a practical and skillful ma- chinist, and the work turned out from every branch of his establishment has long been recognized by the trade as first-class in every respect, and such as only could be pro- duced by skilled workmen, under the directing guidance of the master's hand. It is now forty years since Mr. Brown came to this city, and during this lengthened period he has been continuously engaged in mechanical pursuits, until his name and reputa- tion as a machinist have become wide-spread and well known throughout all New York state, and as far south as Nash- ville, Tennessee. The present business was established in 1S50, under the style of Brown & McCutcheon, and continued so until 1S75, since which time Mr. Brown has been the sole proprietor. The premises run from 16 to 20 Elk street, the lot measuring 51x100 feet. The building is a three-story brick, well equipped throughout, and includes Foundry, Machine Shop and Storehouse. The business done by Mr. Brown is varied and extensive, embracing many specialties. He is a Brass Founder, Copper and Sheet Iron Worker, and Steam Fitter; and manufactures Pumps, Hose, Hydrants, and Stop Valves, with all kinds of Brass Cocks, Globe Valves, Steam Whistles, etc.; is likewise agent for the Worthington Duplex Steam Pump, and supplies the best governors in the market, together with all kinds of Water ami Steam Gauges, etc. One 8-horse power engine on the premises supplies the necessary motive power to the ma- chinery, which has all been erected with a special adapta- bility to the requirements of the work in hand. From fifteen to twenty-five hands are at present employed in the various departments, all skilled mechanics, and one travel- ing salesman and solicitor is engaged on the road. The mechanical help varies with the seasons and the consequent fluctuations of trade. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 63 Mr. Brown makes a great specialty of Brass Goods, Pumps and Hydrants, in which he has an extensive business con- nection, both locally and throughout the South and West. He also does a large lake trade during the summer season; and Steam Engine repairing. Engineers' Supplies, and Brewers' and Distillers' work form yet other features of his business, which is well patronized by those interested in the respective departments. GEO. W. SHAMP, Pattern and Model Maker, No. 79 Washington Street. Wherever mechanical industries have planted themselves, there also the maker of patterns and models plys his indis- pensable vocation, contributing by his ingenuity and exacti- tude to success in the construction of mechanism, lending invaluable assistance to the inventor, and making the work of the manufacturer more certain and perfect in its re- sults. Mr. Geo. W. Shamp, at No. 79 Washington street, as engaged in this "branch of mechanical art, is entitled to a few words here. A native of Perry, Wyoming Co., where he was born in 1845, Mr Shamp began his career as a carpenter and millwright, an occupation which he followed with suc- cess for more than eight years, but abandoned upon becom- ing proficient as a model and pattern maker, a business which was more in keeping with his ability. Nearly four years ago Mr. Shamp settled in Buffalo and has not been permitted to remain inactive. As a maker of working expe- rimental models for inventors, and of patterns for brass and iron castings of all dimensions, as well as in designing and drafting complicated machinery in sections or otherwise, Mr. Shamp has acquired a very enviable reputation, and is regarded as an expert in his special vocation. He employs several assistants, also skillful mechanics, and is prepared to execute all work in his line, not only prompt- ly but with tha't intelligent apprehension of the design that makes his services so highly appreciated. Inventors or machinists abroad would do well to secure the aid of Mr. Shamp in the construction of models for the patent office or exhibition, and may depend upon our state- ment being quite within the limits of veracity. V. L. TIPHAINE, Dealer in Wines, Liquors and Cigars, No. 245 Main Street. Forty years ago the above house was established in this city by Victor Tiphaine, who, after conducting the business with marked success for twelve years admitted V. L. Tip- haine to an interest in the concern, which was known as V. Tiphaine & Son till 1857, when by the retirement of the senior partner, the present proprietor assumed the entire control of the business. From its earliest history, this house has always been a favorite and popular one. Located at 245 Main street, it enjoys a central position on the princi- pal thoroughfare of the city. The premises comprise one roomy building 18x110 feet in area, with ample cellarage for storing goods requiring an even temperature, and time to ripen. All kinds of choice wines are here kept in store. Fine imported ales, porters, brandies, cigars and domestic as well as foreign whiskys, rums and other liquors, all of the best brands. The business transacted consists largely in supplying families to order, with bottled beers, ales, stout, porter, wines, &c, &c, and extends very generally over the entire city and surroundings. For the comfort of guests, the first floor is divided into convenient sections in the European style; in fact, the estab- lishment is known as the "French Store," and is in all re- spects a cosy and pleasant resort, while the proprietor is solicitous that his guests or customers shall receive prompt and polite attention at all times, and such goods only as are guaranteed pure and genuine. JACOB MORGENSTERN, Hats, Caps, Furs and Gents' Furnishing, No. 515 Main Street. The establishment of Jacob Morgenstern at No. 515 Main street, is one of the most extensive in the city devoted to the manufacture and sale of Hats, Caps, Furs, Gents' Furnishing Goods, &c, and as such is not properly to be omitted from among its cotemporaries in this work. Though a native of Germany, Mr. Morgenstern has . now been a resident of Buffalo for nearly thirty years, for twen- ty-three of which he has conducted his present enterprise with success and popularity. Contented with small profits and a rapid turning over of his stock, and dealing exclusive- ly upon a cash basis, Mr. Morgenstern is enabled to offer his customers such advantages in the way of selection, quality, variety and price, as to make his store the favorite emporium in the city for this class of goods. The following are some of the articles in which special bargains can always be secured, and astonishingly good value realized for the amount invested, viz.: Hats, Caps, Furs, Gloves, Robes, Jackets, Trunks,- Satchels, Canes, Dress Shirts, Blankets, Suspenders, Gentlemen's Jewelry, Umbrellas, Neckwear, Fur Sacques, Cloaks, Dolmans and Muffs of every appropriate fur. The premises of Mr. Morgenstern are located at No. 515 Main street, as before stated, and consist of two handsome salesrooms, each one hundred feet deep, containing a stock valued at over $6,000. Here are employed six or more hands either in the manu- facture of silk hats to order, furs, &c, or in the other de- partments of the trade. Mr. Morgenstern having achieved a reputation for liber-, ality, fairness and moderation, the house has become a fav- orite one, and is entitled to the consideration of our readers.. CHRETIEN BROS. & CO., Plain and Decorative Painters, No. 601 and 603 Main Street. The above house was founded more than forty years since by Chas. Chretien, who until 1876, the date of his de- mise, conducted the business successfully, establishing dur- ing that extended period a reputation for thorough excel- lence still enjoyed by his successors the Chretien Brothers, Charles F. and William C, both of whom having been iden- tified with the concern as a life occupation, are regarded as experts in all the practical details of the work. Chas. Chretien, Sr., the father of the present proprietors, was a man widely known for great taste in the finer branches of his vocation. He employed the first lead mill ever used in this city, was an artistic imitator of rare wood grains, and was consulted by many as an authority in all matters of color, and that part of household decoration which belongs to his business. Under the constant training of so thorough a master, the brothers who now perpetuate the house could hardly avoid the proficiency they have attained, and for which they are justly reputed. They make a specialty of decorative and ornamental painting, frescoing, graining and general house and sign painting, for which they are at all times prepared to furnish estimates, or offer suggestions. Occupying an extensive warehouse at No. 603 Main street, employing from twelve to twenty expert artisans, and possessing every modern facility for the rapid and admirable completion of any work that may be intrusted to them, we feel no hesitancy ic say- ing that those who propose having work executed of the class just mentioned, will do well to consult this house be- fore closing contracts elsewhere. E. C. HOTCHKISS, Manufacturer and Repairer of Furniture, Uphol- sterer and Jobbing, 21 W. Mohawk Street. The subject of this sketch is not only a first class mecha- nic in all the regular branches of his varied business, but possesses more than ordinarily, that constructive and inven- tive quality of mind which has made America and Ameri- cans prominent the world over, in fertilily of device and ingenious contrivances. The number and kind that may be classified as unique, new and useful, that have emanated from the busy brain of American genius, is legion. None, how- ever, are more acceptable, or benefit to a larger extent the masses, than those of universal use; and whenever or by whomsoever the physical toil and labor of life is lessened, that man becomes a public benefactor. Such a man is E. C. Hotchkiss, and such a desideratum is the Hotchkiss Combined Ironing Table, Shirt Board, Bosom Board and Stretcher. It is undoubtedly the most complete and con- venient article for the purposes designed ever invented. These tables are used and prized in the households of hun- dreds of our most prominent citizens; and are perfect, lack- ing nothing. The price at which they are sold brings them within the range of all. Mr. Hotchkiss also manufactures Furniture to order, and gives special attention to Upholster- ing in all its branches, general repairs and jobbing done promptly and well. It is needless to say that the well- known ability and integrity of the gentleman are such as to guarantee satisfaction to all who have business transactions with him. 6 4 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. HERMANN WEBER, Harness, Horse Furnishings and Sole Leather Trunks, No. 357 Main Street. It Is quite proper that a business so long established as that to which Mr. Hermann Weber succeeded in 1862 should receive more than brief notice in a work of this kind, de- signed as a faithful reflex of the trade and manufactures of Buffalo. It is now thirty-five years since the house was founded by Mr. John H. Carpenter, who in his day was regarded as the best practical harness maker in the city. With this gentle- man Mr. Weber became associated shortly after his arrival .from Germany in 1850; and for ten years occupied the posi- tion of foreman in the establishment, and at the demise of Mr. Carpenter in 1862 assumed control of the business as sole proprietor. Manufacturing Harness of all kinds, Leather Trunks and Satchels, besides dealing in general horse clothing and fur- nishing, Mr. Weber has built up a considerable trade, em- ploying from seven to ten operatives as the business de- mands increase or diminish. Special attention is given to the manufacture of Sole Leather^ Trunks, Sample Cases, Valises and Satchels to order, and in this direction the work- manship turned out is not excelled in the state. The stock used passes under the personal inspection of Mr. Weber, who is an expert in leather, as may be inferred from his extended experience, and all work is guaranteed perfect in all respects. In this branch of trade Mr. Weber has achieved a signal success, and is entitled to the confi- dence and general esteem with which he is regarded. ED. MCELLER, Piano and Organ Rooms, 26 Chippewa Street. At the Musical Institute which is situated at the corner of Pearl and Chippewa streets, we find the establishment of Mr. Ed. Mceller, who is a first class musician, a high musi- cal authority, and second to none as judge of an instrument. He was born in Germany in 1826, and came and settled in this city in 1853. His entire capital when he arrived here consisted of his talent, which was of a high order, and a persevering and laudable ambition to succeed in whatever he undertook. The first start he made in business was by giving lessons, when he soon gathered around him a large circle of pupils, and his professional abilities in this respect are still in great requisition. Steadily advancing in favor with the public, and accumulating sufficient means, he com- menced dealing in Pianos, &c, in which he now does a large and increasing trade. The premises situated at 26 Chippewa street are his own property, and consist of a three- story brick building, which is divided into three departments for business purposes, namely the Piano Rooms, the In- struction Rooms, and the apartments devoted to Tuning and Repairing. Mr. Moeller has employed in the various departments of his business the services of the following prominent artists: Mr. A. Ballou, of New York City, a noted tuner and practical piano maker of unquestionable ability; Sig. Nuno, a celebrated singing teacher; also Miss Poppen- berg, graduate of Berlin Conservatory of Music, who pos- sesses fine vocal powers, and who is a thoroughly accom- plished Piano Teacher, by such aids every department of his vocation is controlled and managed with skill and promptness. In the sale department he is a dealer in the celebrated Decker Brothers Pianos, which must not be confounded with Decker & Son, Decker & Co., and other imitators, whose only claim for recognition is in their assum- ing a similarity of name. Mr. M oilier also keeps a full sup- ply of Kranich & Bach, Sohmer & Co., and other first class instruments; in all of which, as well as in Organs, &c, he does a large hjjsiness in the city and surrounding neigh- borhood. He offers every facility for purchasers obtaining a first class instrument on reasonable terms. He will also rent or exchange pianos, or will sell on installments on easy terms of payment. The business done is highly creditable to the originator, who is well deserving the patronage he receives from his friends and the public generally. BUFFALO NOVELTY TURNING CO., Wholesale Manufacturers and Dealers in Wood Turning, 65 to 69 Prime Street. As in various other branches in Mechanics l great advance has been made in recent years in the ingenious and useful art of Turning, which has chielly been the result of the great improvements made in the necessary machinery, and the mode of applying it to the purpose in hand. It is said that the art of Turning is so extensively applica- ble that every solid substance in Nature may be submitted to the process. Wood is, however, from its nature perhaps more adapted to the purpose than metallic substances, such as iron, brass, or steel. The Novelty Turning Co., of which Messrs. Dehlinger & Chappell are the proprietors, confine themselves entirely to this branch of the business, and are wholesale manufac- turers and dealers in all kinds of Wood Turning — the vari- ety of articles turned out every month and the extent of the trade being truly astonishing. The business was originated by Dehlinger & Fose some years ago, the present firm only taking hold of it on the first of May last year, since which time they have materially improved their working capacity; and their trade, combined with energy and good management, has been increased three-fourths during the short time they have been associ- ated together. The business comprises an endless variety of useful arti- cles in constant requirement for household purposes, besides Curtain Roller Cornices, Toys, Faucets, and Pins and Brackets for telegraph and telephone companies' work. To show the extent of their resources, fifteen thousand sets of Toy Ten-pins were disposed of last fall; and in regard to Pins and Brackets, from fifteen to twenty thousand are turned out per month, and shipped to various parts of the country, the trade extending all through New York state to Michigan, Illinois, etc. From seventy-five to one hundred gross of Wooden Faucets with Metallic Key have helped to keep their hands full in furnishing a supply equal to the de- mand. Cage Tops are also in great requisition, eighteen hundred of these being furnished in one day by one man; and one hundred thousand Handles for Stove-lifters are made during the year. In addition to which, Embroidery Stands, Mallets, Towel Racks, Duster Handles, and an endless variety of articles too numerous to mention, includ- ing all kinds of Fancy Turning (of which they make a spe- cialty), all tend to keep this house in full work, giving con- stant employment to from fifteen to twenty hands. The firm is composed of Christian Dehlinger, of German descent, but who was born here, and Frank Chappell, who is a native of England and came here ten years ago. Their premises on Prime street are situated on the ground floor, are 6SX70 feet in area, and possess all the requisites necessary for doing a very large trade in the various branches of Wood Turning. In fact, their resources and appliances are such that there is not another house like them in Buffalo. Prompt, reliable and efficient, their suc- cess has been as complete as it is well deserved. GEO. W. KINGSLEY. Festal and Funereal Decorations, No. 390 Wash- ington Street. The avocation that engages the attention of Mr. Geo. W. Kingsley is at the same time so novel, unique and useful as to leave him free alike from competitors or compeers, and entitle him as one endowed with a monopoly to special mention in this work. Observing, some years since, the an- nually increasing demand for evergreen decorations on thos» occasions which may be called " events," Mr. Kingsley set about devising some method by which this class of orna- mentation could be produced at a reduction on the existing cost, as well as a rapid and systematic method of manufac- ture. By many experiments and ingenious devices he succeeded at length in inventing machinery that would construct wreaths, festoons, garlands, banners, emblems and draperies in the most perfect and adroit manner. Besides this, material in imitation of leaves and ever- greens was devised by him, and the whole patented in June, 1879; and, thus protected, the business has grown to such proportions that besides all the machinery in use, which is driven by a hydraulic engine, five hands are employed regu- larly, and twelve or fifteen during the last four months. Not only furnishing these decorations to the trade and to private buyers, Mr. Kingsley also makes contracts for adorn- ing Banquet Halls, Ball Rooms, Churches, Fairs, Festivals, Weddings, the Lodges of Secret or Benevolent Societies, Private Residences, Lawn Fetes, etc., etc., and has received the highest encomiums of the press throughout the country for the artistic elegance of his designs and the general style and effect of his decorations. Among the many splendid testimonials accorded to his work, we have space to quote but one: li New York City, April 8th, 1878. " Mr. G. W. Kingsley, jSg Washington street, Buffalo, N. Y.: " Dear Sir — The committee having in charge the public dinner recently given at Delmonico's to the Hon. Bayard Taylor, U. S. Minister to Germany, are greatly indebted to your taste and originality as exhibited in the decorations of "the banquet-hall on that occasion. The hall presented a BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 65 most novel and beautiful appearance, and the festoons, shields, monograms, etc., received the praise of all the guests, and of the city newspapers. This acknowledgment not only is due to you, but is given with great pleasure and without solicitation, by " Yours very truly, 1 Elliott C. Cowdin, Charles Watrous, Algernon S. Sullivan, Geo. Haven Putnam, Edmond C. Stedman, Committee." 'The decorations at the complimentary dinner given to Bayard Taylor at Delmonico's were especially elegant." — A". 1 '. Herald, April 7, 1878. The prices at which this beautiful ornamentation is sold •will astonish the reader by their moderation, and we sug- gest that he make a note of this information, as it will without doubt sooner or later be very useful. Mr. Kingsley is a native of Buffalo, well known in this city. Active and reliable, he too has done much to pro- mote its industries, and deserves the success that attends his enterprise. E. HERON, Wholesale and Retail Wines, Liquors and Cigars, 14 Main Street and 8 Central Wharf. This is one of the old-established and successful business houses of the city, having been founded nearly thirty-five years ago by Messrs. Edward Heron and John Prothis, on the corner of Prime and Lloyd streets, in 1847. In 1850 they moved to the foot of Main, and again moved into the above premises in 1836. Upon the demise of Mr. Prothis in 1861, Mr. Heron purchased the interest of the heirs of his late partner, and from that time assumed the sole man- agement of the business, which from a comparatively small beginning has gradually increased, until the house has now become a leading one in the trade. The premises at present occupied by Mr. Heron have a frontage of fifty feet on Central Wharf and thirty-two feet on Main street. They include, besides office, store, cellar- age, etc., a dwelling-house; and were rebuilt in 1863 by him, especially with a view to facilitate and accommodate an in- creasing and remunerative trade. In 1873 Mr. Heron sold out to Christian Bernhardt, but having grown tired of doing nothing, again assumed the business in 1878, and is now sole proprietor of the concern. The trade generally is centered in and around Buffalo, and during the season a considerable business is done with the shipping on the docks, etc. Born in France in 1821, Mr. Heron came to this country in 1845, and .has been actively engaged in business pursuits ever since, as will be seen by the record here presented. He now carries a stock of Imported Wines, Liquors, Cigars and Domestic Whiskies valued at from eight thousand to ten thousand dollars, and its quality bears a high reputation among his many friends and customers. Suave, energetic and painstaking, with a thorough knowledge of his business, he has already met with that success which he has done so much to deserve, and the public may at all times rely upon the high quality and purity of the goods offered by the house. SCHLUND & DOLI Manufacturers and Dealers in Furniture, 472 Main Street. The immense facilities enjoyed by Buffalo as the center of a lumber trade which converges here by means of water inter-communication with the timber districts of Canada and the Northwest, have been dwelt upon more fully else- where in this volume. These advantages however in reduc- ing the price of all commercial woods to the lowest possible figures, have stimulated all manufactures in which they are employed, especially in that of furniture, making some mention of the house of Messrs. Schlund & Doll not out of place. This concern was originated by John B. Schlund, the senior partner, in 1871, having had previously an experience of twenty years in the business with I. D. White, with whom he was connected for that extended period. The warerooms and manufactory of the house are situated at 472 Main street, one of the most conspicuous and central sites on the chief thoroughfare of the city, and embrace an area of 20x125 feet, the edifice being five stories high. Here are employed twenty or more skilled mechanics under the immediate and practical supervision of Messrs. Schlund & Doll, both of whom give their time to the careful supervi- sion of the work, solicitous that nothing leaves their estab- lishment lacking in perfect workmanship or material. By such attention to the most minute details a business has been secured which extends not only throughout the whole city, but over a large part of the surrounding country. Be- sides the manufacture of furniture of all grades, designs and materials, the firm also deals largely in Upholstering Goods, Mirrors, Bedding and similar wares. They are also sole agents of the Hale & Kilburn Centennial Folding Champion Wardrobe Bed and Bedstead combined in one, also agents of Archer's Patent Barber Chairs; both of these ingenious and valuable pieces of Furniture can be secured at this establishment at manufacturer's prices. In addition to the above they have in stock a large variety of Woven Wire Mattrasses, Ratan goods of all sizes and finish, the Gem Child's Carriages with table and rocking chair combined, Lambrequins and Cornices, also a large variety of Patent Rocking Chairs. The senior member of the firm is a native of Germany, but has now been identified with his vocation in this city for nearly thirty years, while Mr. Doll, a native Buffalonian, is conspicuously known to the trade. The books and clerical departments in charge of Mr. Martin Nieman are skillfully and correctly managed, while the house in every respect accords advantages to its patrons not readily duplicated in any other city in this country. We refer our readers to a card of this house elsewhere in this work. C. O. LEONARD, Retail Dealer in Groceries, Provisions, Vegeta- bles, etc., 28 Main and 17 Prime Streets. This house is the largest and most extensive place of the kind in this vicinity, and Mr. Leonard, who has a lengthened experience in the business, carries at all times a large stock of goods, fresh, and of the very first quality, which makes his establishment popular with his numerous patrons. Mr. C. O. Leonard, the proprietor, is a native of New York, and came to Buffalo in 1843. He commenced business on his own account in 1856, removing to his present location in 1870. In addition to a large local trade, he does a con- siderable business in the season in supplying the ship- ping market with groceries and other goods for which his establishment, from its close proximity to the docks and canal, and the many facilities it offers for the trade, is pe- culiarly adapted. His stock is at all times large, fresh and carefully selected, and the house enjoys a well-earned repu- tation for vending only the best articles, and probity in car- rying out contracts. The building covers an area of 22^x76 feet, and is four stories high, part of which is occupied as a dwelling-house in which the proprietor resides. The business is managed with energy and care, under the direct superintendence of Mr. Leonard, who is assisted by two clerks in carrying out the details of a trade amounting to from fifty to sixty thou- sand dollars annually. In view of what we have recorded, Mr. Leonard is well deserving of the support which has been extended to him — a support which at all times he will do his utmost to merit. WAIT & WILLIAMS, Coal and Wood, Flour and Feed, Corner Washing- ton and Scott Streets. In writing a detailed account of the industries of Buffalo, with some account of those individual enterprises that have conduced so greatly to the thrift of the community, we must not overlook the fact that no little vitality has emanat- ed from a traffic in coal that appears to have become more and more important annually. In such a connection the house of Messrs. Wait & Williams, though established as late as Oct. 27, 1879, is not unworthy of mention. This firm is composed of Messrs. William Wait and Robt. A. Williams, both of whom are natives of this city, and have for many years been engaged in the coal trade, of which both partners possess a thorough practical knowledge. Wholesale and retail dealers in coal and wood and special brands of flour, and especially in Lackawanna, Pittston, Scranton and Lehigh Anthracite coal, as well as the best grades of Bituminous, the firm has established an extensive local trade for the promotion of which it possesses ample facil- ities. The central premises of the house are located at the corner of Scott & Washington streets, and consist in part of one storehouse and yard 60x60 feet, where stock is kept and from which it is delivered to all parts of the city. The connections of this firm with railroads and the largest shippers is very intimate, and leads to verify the assurance that the advantages it so derives place it upon a par, so far as competition is concerned, with the most obtrusive of its cotemporaries, either dealing in carload lots or by the ton. Both members of the firm are widely and well known in this city, and will be found in business or social relations, prompt, liberal and enterprising, never unsolicitous for the benefit of patrons, and always prepared to offer terms in keeping with such a reputation. 66 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. GEORGE & THOMAS FARTHING, Distillers and Cattle Dealers; Office, 92 ^loyd Street, Corner of Main. One of the most extensive enterprises of its kind in Buf- falo, or perhaps in the state, is that conducted by George & Thomas Farthing, who are engaged in the distillation of Rye and Bourbon Whiskies and Low Spirits, and as dealers in Stock. The business which is carried on by the house was established some fifteen years ago by George Truscott, who was succeeded in 1867 by Thomas Moore & Son, who conducted the same until about 1874, when the present pro- prietors assumed control. The distillery, which is located at Pratt and William streets, occupies an entire square, with a capacity for the production of one hundred barrels of spirits per diem, and storage room for ten thousand barrels. When in full operation, two thousand bushels of grain are consumed every day, and five hundred head of cattle kept on the premises. At present the product of the distillery amounts to about one hundred and fifty barrels per week, forty operatives finding employment in the establishment, which is thoroughly equipped with every appliance and es- sential mechanical device for the manufacture of superior goods. A 25-horse power steam engine is required to move the machinery, and a trade is carried which ranges over the entire Eastern states. Some idea may be gained of the magnitude of the operations carried on here, that since commencing business, six years ago, the firm has paid taxes and government revenues to the amount of seven million dollars; the municipal taxes alone amounting to five thou- sand dollars a year, and the total annual taxation exceeding at present five hundred thousand dollars. The individual partners of the firm, Messrs. George and Thomas Farthing, may be regarded as native Buffalonians; they have been residents of this city, or of Tonawanda, for a period of more than forty years. Identified with the in- terests and business development of this community, their efforts have always been directed to the promotion of indus- try and the advancement of trade. Their establishment is a model one; their products, absorbed almost exclusively in the East, are always reliable and in great favor with the trade; while the liberal method upon which their business is conducted tends no little to increase from year to year the influence and popularity of the house. THE PITTS AGRICULTURAL WORKS, Manufacturers of Threshing Machines, Horse Powers, etc., Buffalo and Chicago. It is tolerably safe to assert, in looking over the various and diverse manufacturing interests of Buffalo, that no concern has done more to establish the reputation of this city as a manufacturing center than the Pitts Agricultural Works, to a short description of which we propose to devote a few words. This colossal enterprise was originated in 1851 by John A. Pitts, who, with a moderate capital and resources of modest dimensions, entered at that time upon the work of making Threshers and Horse Powers. These implements were the emanations of his own fruitful and inventive genius, and at once created a revolution in the field of agriculture that has been productive of the most astonishing and benefi- cent results. At a subsequent date the business was organized as a Joint Stock Company, with a capital stock of three hundred thousand dollars; this step being made necessary by the ac- quisition of a trade which increased with such rapidity as to demand more ample resources than those in the possession of its founder. With this accession of means, the plant was greatly enlarged, new machinery and processes introduced, improvements made in various departments, and the whole establishment placed upon a footing that leaves it at the present time without a compeer in capacity, product, or di- mensions. The plant now covers an area of about five acres, which is occupied by no less than eleven buildings, many of which are extremely capacious; the whole works being divided into six departments, where, with the assistance of two hundred skilled operatives, the manufacture of Threshers and Horse Powers is prosecuted with system and celerity. One engine of about 75-horse power, and a battery of boilers, is re- quired to move the machinery, all of which is remarkably ingenious, much of it complex, and all of it invented or adapted especially for the performance of certain given work. The location of these works is particularly fortunate with reference to all the advantages afforded by lake and canal navigation, freight being loaded directly from the manufac- tory on to vessels or boats, securing shipment to the East, West, North and North-west at the lowest possible prices — a matter of no small importance alike to consignor and con- sumer. In speaking of these facilities indeed it must not be overlooked that they conduce in other ways to the bene- fit of the works, inasmuch as they have made this city the center of a vast lumber trade, of which the Company promptly avails itself. With so many extraneous advantages, as well as the overwhelming pre-eminence of manufacturing the best Ag- ricultural Machinery in Threshers and Horse Powers ex- tant, it is not surprising that the business of the Company has reached about half a million dollars annually, and that a traffic is carried on, not only with every state and territory in the Union, as well as the Canadian Provinces, but that this admirable mechanism is exported to every grain-grow- ing country in the world; special demands being made upon the concern from South America, Hungary, and South Africa. The executive officers are as follows. M. A. Brayley, President; Thomas Sully, Secretary, and George P. Clark- son, Treasurer — gentlemen too widely known in connection with their special departments to require personal mention at our hands. The manner in which the business has been conducted is an obvious evidence of their fitness for its management, and is a standing guarantee of increasing use- fulness and prosperity. At the Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, 1876. in com- petition with almost every cotemporaneous concern in Crea- tion, the Buffalo Pitts Thresher established its supremacy was stamped as flawless in operation, mechanism and ma- terial, was awarded the Highest Honors Medals and Testi- monials, and remains to-day with unchallenged superiority and unlimited utility. We refer our readers to an advertisement elsewhere for further details regarding the business of this house. ALLEN BROTHERS, Great Japan and China Tea Co., No. 449 Main St., and No. 193 East Seneca St. The Allen Brothers, though established in Buffalo only since 1878, and originally from New York city, are just as much entitled to recognition in this work as though they had been here for half a century, and for some reasons per- haps more so. The Main street house of these enterprising gentlemen was founded April 1st, 1878, and became so pronounced a success as to warrant the opening of another similar concern , which was in November of the same year established at No. 193 Seneca street, and sprang at once into the same degree of popularity that was awarded to the Main street house. The trade now transacted by both concerns amounts to over $75,000 annually and gives every evidence of substantially increasing from year to year. Seven assistants are employ- ed in both houses, and one small steam engine at the Main street store for the purpose of grinding coffee which is one of the specialties for which the firm is celebrated. Both establishments are elegantly fitted up in the latest style, and are commodious, convenient and heavily stocked with choice goods in the line of Chinese and Japan Teas, Coffees and Sugars of all grades. The firm which is composed of Messrs. Wm. and James Allen, have a peculiarly liberal method of transacting busi- ness (as our readers will do well to ascertain by expenencel, and can be cheerfully commended for the success that has been brought about by the character of their dealings. L. GOLDSTEIN & CO., Art Dealers and Manufacturers of Picture and Mirror Frames, etc., 604 Main Street. The firm of L. Goldstein & Co , 604 Main street, is com posed of Leonard Schaumleffel and Louis Goldstein, both practical experts in their line of business, having rendered twelve years' service therein while in the employ of D. D. Benson, Main street. They embarked as copartners in this vocation with limited capital, but heavy reserves of skill and energy. These, added to a thorough knowledge of their trade and unremitting industry, soon brought them into favorable notice, and secured them a large patronage. For some time they occupied a large upper room at No. 420 Main street, where they limited themselves to the manufac- ture of Plain and Ornamental Picture Frames, Gilt Portrait Frames, etc. The demand upon them increasing, they were compelled to seek more extensive and spacious rooms for conducting their business; to which they have appropriately added Fine Arts in all its range, making a specialty of Fine Engravings and Water Colors. The building they now oc- cupy at No. 604 Main street, is spacious and in every way adapted for the exhibition of the Fine Art department of their business, and atfordsroom and facilities for transacting a large trade. While they manufacture largely to order, they keep in stock a full and varied assortment of Mould- ings both for elegant and cheap Frames, for Paintings, En- BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 6 7 gravings, Photographs, Mottoes, etc., which they are pre- pared to make up on short notice. The practical knowledge possessed by this firm in all the minute details of their trade, and the acknowledged integ- rity and energy which they manifest in all they undertake, is a sure guarantee of continued success, and furnishes the reasonable expectation that the members of this house will, at no distant day, occupy an elevated position in commercial circles. Nor can it be doubted that our " up-town " citizens will appreciate the enterprise, and patronize this Gallery of Fine Arts now in their midst. They ask the favor of prov- ing their claims to the confidence of the public by giving them a trial, claiming that in quality of goods they have no superior, with prices as low as the lowest. E. G. FELTHOUSEN, Dealer in and Manufacturer of Mechanical Specialties, 55 Main Street. The numerous endorsements received oy Mr. E. G. Felt- housen attesting the merits of his Flue Cleaners, Tri or Gauge Cocks, Portable Forges, Hand and Auto- matic Cylinder Oil Pumps, &c, are sufficient evidence that these appliances are not only eminently useful, but al- most indispensable to the manufacturer operating machin- ery or conducting an extensive establishment. By patents dated 1879, Mr. Felthousen is protected in offering the trade an Automatic Cylinder Oil Pump which is without doubt superior to anything of the same character in the market, having received the approval of the best mechanical authorities. In addition to manufacturing the appliances named above, he deals largely in mechan- ical specialties of all kinds, and is in the prosecution of a trade which extends not only over the entire United States, but embraces Great Britain and the West Indies. The position occupied by Mr. Felthousen in this commu- nity in his own special line, as also manager of the house of Dudley Bros., makes it unnecessary for us to indulge in personal remark. We may safely say however that the policy upon which his business is conducted is such as to leave no doubt but that it is based on equity, liberality and enterprise. DUDLEY BROTHERS, Manufacturers of Copper, Brass, Tin and Sheet Iron Work and Dealers in Steam Supplies, 61 Main Street. The firm of Dudley Bro's, in the particular line of busi- ness to which it has been devoted, is the oldest in Buffalo. It was established in 1844 by and under the style of S. Dudley & Sons, a title which was supplanted in 1855 by J. D. & M. T. Dudley, upon the demise of S. Dudley, Esq., the senior partner. Seventeen years ago the decease of M. T. Dudley, Esq., occasioned another change in the status of the firm, but none in its title, which remained as before, Dudley Bro's, the senior partner, however, succeeding to the entire control of the business. The plant of the firm is located as above, and consists in part of one large four-story edifice, 20x125 feet in area, with finished basement, etc.; the upper stories being devoted to the storage and manufacture of goods, from twenty to thirty artisans finding employment in the latter department. One 8-horse power steam engine and boiler is used in operating the requisite machinery, much of which has been devised expressly for special needs in the business, the management of which is vested in Mr. E. G. Felthousen, a gentleman of undoubted ability in his vocation. The average value of the stock is twenty-five thousand dollars, the sales ranging from ninety to one hundred thousand dollars annually. Wholesale and retail dealers in Pumps, Hose, Steam Pack- ing, SteamGuages, Brass Steam and Gas Fittings, &c, &c; the house is said to carry the largest stock of steam goods and to conduct the most extensive business in this line west of New York, while as manufacturers of Copper, Brass, Tin and Sheet Iron Work its facilities are all that can be desired. With a trade extending over the states of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois and Michigan, and to all points reached by lakenavigation, the house has become not only widely distinguished, but popular as supplying such goods as alone may be classed as superior in every respect. It is not going too far to say in conclusion, that those having dealings with the house of Dudley Brothers may depend that all transactions will be conducted upon a fair and honor- able basis, the firm sustaining a reputation which remains untarnished after a career of nearly forty years. BAKER, JONES & CO., Book, Job and Railroad Printers, Binders and Blank Book Manufacturers, Nos. 220 and 222 Washington Street. With reference to a business which has such a vital bear- ing upon every industry, as that of printing, it may be pro- per to say that perhaps no where in this country is the standard of typographical excellence in all its branches higher than in Buffalo, nor is there any city, not even New York, where work in certain lines, can be produced in such perfection as here. The business to which Messrs. Baker, Jones & Co., suc- ceeded in 1869, had been established ten years prior to that time, and was even then of considerable importance. The above firm, however, which is composed of Messrs. W. H. Baker, Albert Jones and David F. Day, at once began to enlarge the scope of the trade, gradually substituting im- proved machinery in press room, bindery and composing room, by which means their facilities, especially in printing, numbering, cutting and coloring railway tickets, are simply unequalled. This fact being pretty generally known by the managers of railroad corporations throughout the country, results in a very extensive line of this kind of work, as well as general railway printing. The premises occupied by the concern, are commodious and thoroughly adapted for the business, consisting of three upper floors, 36x60 feet, and one half of the first floor, which is used for storing stock, stationery and offices. From sixty to seventy-five operatives are required in the various branches of the work, requiring a weekly disburse- ment of about four hundred dollars, while the business transacted by the house will amount to seventy-five thou- sand dollars annually, In respect of mechanical equipments the firm can hardly be excelled, and the work produced in all departments is such as to be safely classed "superior." Having such advantages, together with a valuable and comprehensive experience, we may say without impropriety that those desiring work in their line, may consider them- selves fortunate in awarding it to Messrs. Baker, Jones & Co. SMITH & GERMAIN, General Fire Underwriters, 48 Main Street, Cor- ner of Dayton. While likely to be ignored, in summing up the Commer- cial or Manufacturing interests, resources or advantages of a community, the Insurance business has yet so vital a bearing on all these as to make it fully entitled to considera- tion in this work. • Prosecuting an enterprise in this direction is the firm of Smith & Germain, which has been in existence since Octo- ber, 1871; composed individually of Henry T. Smith and George P. Germain, both of whom have been in the Insur- ance business for a quarter of a century. In giving an idea of the operations of the firm, it may be stated that they possess one hundred and fifty established Agencies in the State of New York, with regular commis- sions for the Fire Association of Philadelphia, besides about fifty for the United Firemen's Insurance Company; as well as a large number of correspondents for general business. In glancing over the companies (of which there are seven) represented by the firm, we find that their Assets and Sur- plus afford an unquestioned guarantee for solvency and solid indemnity. With an aggregate Capital of two million six hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and total Assets of seven million two hundred and twelve thousand seven hun- dred and twenty-six dollars; the surplus alone amounting to two million four hundred and fifteen thousand one hundred and ten dollars, these corporations will be found upon ex- amination to have borne the test of years and gigantic losses with invincible fortitude. They are as follows: The Fire Association of Philadelphia, The United Fire- men's Insurance Company of Philadelphia, The Peo- ple's Fire Insurance Company of Trenton, N. J., The Park Fire Insurance Company of New York, The Scottish Commercial Insurance Company of Glasgow, The Hamburg-Bremen Fire Insurance Company, and The New York City Fire Insurance Company; special details with reference to which may be promptly secured by application to the firm. We cannot forbear, however, calling attention at this point to the Fire Association of Philadelphia, a company which possesses in a marked degree, talent and experience in management, a prolonged and solidly successful career, a Capital of five hundred thousand dollars, Assets to the amount of three million seven hundred and sixty-nine thousand nine hundred and seventy-six dollars, and a (?ash 68 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. Surplus, free of re-insurance and all other liabilities, of one million one hundred and forty-six thousand seven hundred and forty-six dollars — a showing which is hardly equaled by any similar corporation extant. The establishment of Smith & Germain is extensive and appropriately furnished and equipped to meet the require- ments of the business. These premises have been occupied by the firm since 1873, and have a 35 feet frontage on Main street, extending back 100 feet on Dayton, properly subdi- vided for the orderly arrangement and classification of affairs. With reference to the standing of the firm in this commu- nity, not one word need be said so far as Buffalonians are concerned; but for the information of others we may say that from the firm entire satisfaction is elicited in the trans- action of business, and that celerity in the adjustment of losses, and the settlement of all claims justly incurred, may be implicitly relied upon. The firm writes its own policies on behalf of the various Companies heretofore mentioned, and adjusts all losses upon the same independent basis; being thus enabled greatly to accelerate the business, set- tling every detail, assuming all risks and paying all proper claims without the delay usually attendant upon the trans- actions of ordinary agencies. PRATT & CO., Hardware and Iron, 28 to 38 Terrace. In displaying the advantages of any city with reference to its commercial and manufacturing resources, no method af- fords so complete a representation as that which depicts fully the various individual and corporate enterprises. _ It is therefore with pleasure that we present for the con- sideration of our readers, and especially such as are engaged in the same line of trade, some facts with regard to the house of Pratt & Co., which may perhaps prove valuable now or in the future. The foundation of this house was laid in 1828 by the late Mr. Samuel F. Pratt, who commenc- ed his career upon a scale extremely limited and monetary resources meager and to the last degree circumscribed. Success, however, attended his efforts, and the growth of the business under his management was attended with a solidity rarely achieved; so much so, indeed, that it is to be almost regretted the character of our work permits no .personal memoir of this remarkable man. In 1836 Pascal 'P. Pratt became a partner in the house, which was thereafter con- ducted by the brothers until 1846, when, by the admission of Edward P. Beals, another partner was added to the firm, which from that time has been known as Pratt & Co., though the demise of its founder took place in 1872. At that time the transactions of the firm embraced operations to the extent of over two millions of dollars annually, and though ceasing to manufacture in 1879, owing to a change In this branch of the business on account of the death of Mr. S. F. Pratt, these figures still average about the same, classing the house in its department of trade as the largest but one in this country. The premises owned and occupied by the house at present, were erected by the firm in 1851-2, and have consequently been occupied by it for nearly thirty years. They front upon what is known as the Terrace, 214 feet, extending back 150 feet to the canal, with every con- venience for shipment east or west by rail or water. The buildings are conspicuous, four stories in height, heated by steam, and the floors connected by an elevator. Directly or indirectly ninety men find employment here in the sev- eral departments, and a stock is carried which embraces every known article in the line of Hardware, Cutlery, Pig, Merchant Bar, Band and Hoop Iron, Nuts, Bolts, Washers, store and general supplies for all classes of manufacturers and mechanics, besides a large assortment of Silver Plated Ware and fine household goods by the most eminent makers. It would be impracticable to commence any enumeration here of the profusion and extraordinary diversity of the goods carried by this house, especially when the catalogues of the firm, confessedly incom- plete, occupy nearly 250 pp. in this attempt. The busi- ness is divided into three main departments, the Wholes.. le, the Retail, and Iron, each having, however, many sub-divi- sions. At the head of the former we find E. B. Pratt, and in charge of the Retail department, D. E. Brown, who has identified himself closely with the interests of the firm for nineteen years, and in the Purchasing department, W. H. Sherman, who has been connected with the house for a like period. J. M. Horton takes direction of the Iron department. R. H. Danforth is Cashier, and Charles Brooks, Chief Bookkeeper. While a considerable trade is transacted locally and with- in a radius of one hundred miles, the bulk of the business is done in the West, from eight to ten Commercial Travelers representing the concern in various localities. Though, as before intimated, formerly engaged in the manufacture of Iron as well, the works owned and operated by the firm at that time have been since leased to the Rhode Island Horse Shoe Co., which now runs the Fletch- er Blast Furnace and the Buffalo Iron and Nail Works. The firm acts as agents for the sale of the products of The Union Iron Works of Buffalo. By addressing Pratt & Co., our readers in the trade will be afforded immediate inform- ation in regard to the facilities of the house, price and terms for the supply of any goods that may be properly classified under the headings above mentioned, and may further de- pend upon receiving an attention and consideration in keeping with the character of one of the oldest and most esteemed houses in the state. E. N. COOK & CO., Distillers, 32 and 34 Main Street. We have had occasion to remark frequently upon the ad- vantages of Buffalo as the center of a vast grain trade, which has become, therefore, an active promoter of all con- tingent industries; this is conspicuously true with reference to the production of malt and malt liquors, starch, grape sugar, &c, while for the distillers the benefits derived from this fact are particularly obvious. No better illustration could be offered in verification of this statement than by reference to the establishments of E. N. Cook & Co., Dis- tillers and Rectifiers; a few words with regard to which will be found interesting and possibly of considerable utility. The business was originally founded by Messrs. Frost & Co., several years ago, and who were burned out. Upon April 1st, 1S79, E. N. Cook & Co. assumed control of the concern, erecting new buildings and enlarging the same in many respects. The offices and rectifying establishment are located as above. The building is an extensive one, occupying a frontage of forty feet on Main street, and run- ning back one hundred feet to Prime, four stories high and conducted as a duty-free warehouse. The distillery is situ- ated on Spring street and extends through to Tousey, taking in that square as far as Champlain street. As may be inferred from such dimensions, the establishment is a colossal one and possesses a capacity for the manufacture of seventy barrels of whisky per day, with store-room for eight thou- sand. The facilities here enjoyed for a large and superior production are perhaps unexcelled in the United States. The water (the character of which involves important con- siderations for the distiller) is obtained from two or three wells on the premises, bored in the solid rock to a depth that may be considered artesian; and too much cannot be said in praise of the quality of this water, which will vie with any used in the country for distilling purposes. The machinery, which is entirely new and of the very best modern design, is operated by a powerful 60-horse power steam engine and a battery of boilers having patent attachments to prevent explosion, while the furnace is sup- plied with a smoke consumer, which performs its work thoroughly. The products are exclusively copper-distilled, and the fermenting tubs, of which there are twelve, have a capacity of 5,500 gallons each; while the mill grinds the necessary quantity of grain. Cattle are kept regularly in feeding upon part of the refuse mash. From forty to fifty opera- tives are employed in the works under the immediate per- sonal supervision of the partners, each of whom takes charge of certain sub-divisions of the work; Mr. Cook having had eighteen years' experience in the trade, which he under- stands practically as well as theoretically in every detail. In addition to the facilities already indicated, the firm also possesses, for its own exclusive use, an ice-house, blacksmith shop, carpenter shop and stables; while the bonded warehouse is kept at a temperature particularly favorable for maturing the goods, is well ventilated, clean, sweet and perfectly free from odor; and the entire estab- lishment is lighted by gas and uniformly heated throughout. The manufacture of pure copper-distilled Rye Whisky is the specialty of the house, and the article produced is su- perior to any now being placed on the market. In order that the general reader may form some concep- tion of this concern, we may mention that the Government demands for duty alone upon the firm amount to over six hundred and forty-five thousand dollars annually; and if to this is added the value of the products of the distillery, rectifying establishment, etc., the total amount of money turned over per annum will be seen at once to be prodigious. To enter into minute details with reference to the proi ess essential for each product would occupy more space than we are at liberty to assign, though such matter would be of general interest to the trade. We are free to say, how- ever, in conclusion, that, taken as a whole, the establish- ments of Messrs. E. N. Cook & Co. are superior in every respect to any we have ever visited ; and that the principal product is in high estimation, 11. ay be inferred from the fact BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 6 9 that it is placed almost altogether, aside from the local con- sumption, in Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and the east generally. The liberal manner in which the business is managed is evinced by the enterprise with which the firm avails itself of every modern improvement, and its prompt application; while with relation to its customers and the trade, no house could occupy a position entitled to more esteem or consideration. DeLANEY FORGE AND IRON CO., Manufacturers of Light and Heavy Forgings, &c. Any one paying a visit at the present time to the works of the DeLaney Forge and Iron Co. would find a vast em- porium of mechanical industry, thoroughly furnished throughout in every department and complete in every detail, with all the trade appliances that mechanical skill or ingenuity can devise for facilitating, as far as possible, per- fection and despatch in the manufacture of the various spe- cialties for which the DeLaney works have earned such a high reputation throughout the country. When the business was originally established by Mr. C. D. DeLaney, in 1851, he commenced with but a small capi- tal, comparatively speaking, for the enterprise which he was organizing, and looking at the modesty of the pretentions made at that time, few would have predicted that the busi- ness enterprise and energy of the founder would, in a few years, raise the unassuming structure to one of the largest manufacturing factories in this country. The works now possess every facility and requisite capacity for manufactur- ing all kinds of Light and Heavy Forgings, Car Axles and Hammered Shapes of every description, from Wrought Iron, orSeimen Martin and Bessemer Cast Steel; also Steam Boat, Locomotive and Steel Forgings are turned out with accuracy and despatch. Four partners constitute the company, namely: C. D. De- Laney, C. A. DeLaney, John Slote and Joseph Howard; each of whom take a special working interest in the affairs of the concern, and embody within themselves the practical management of the business. The originator of the works, Mr. C. D. DeLaney, is a native of Pennsylvania, but his business interests have been centered in Buffalo, and especially in the institution which he has himself raised for many years, and he still devotes his personal attention and gives the result of his lengthened practical experience to aid 111 the management. Messrs. C. A. DeLaney and John Slote are Buffalonians, and may be said to have inherited, as well as acquired, a genius for mechanics; they, with their other partner, Mr. Howard, divide the duties of directing and managing conjointly be- tween them. The workshops and buildings are erected on Perry street, on grounds measuring 350 feet frontage and 210 feet deep, and consist of machine shop, heating furnaces and forge departments. The aid of powerful ' engines is required to give the motive power to the hammers and machinery; the former consist of five, one being prominently large and powerful, the four others being of medium and lesser capa- city. Three large slotting machines, said to be the largest in the country, turning lathes and other mechanical appli- ances necessary for the work on hand, all of the newest designs and most recent improvements, are in full work, and give employment at the present time to one hundred hands. The iron on being worked is first prepared under a ten ton hammer; Hammered Scrap Axles being quite a specialty at the DeLaney works. Axles are also centered ready for lathes, and dated month and year of manufacture. As may be understood from the extensive resources and large business contracts entered into by the DeLaney Com- pany, the annual business returns are proportionately heavy, and are commensurate with the magnitude and facilities of the house; the trade extending throughout the United States and Canada. It must be acknowledged that the DeLaney Forge and Iron Company is not only one of the largest but the most complete establishment of the kind in the country, and even now the proprietors are still extending its operations and adding to its resources. All the modern improvements in machinery and tools of the highest class and most recent date are being continually added to the working plant, keep- ing the works, at all times, fully equipped with every requi- site invention or appliance necessary for the requirements of the trade, which has now attained such a wide reputation and assumed such colossal proportions. In the manufacture of special and intricate shape work in rough and finished forgings this company is known through- out the whole iron trade as being perhaps alone in the su- periority of the output, and the intelligence with which the most difficult operations are conducted. Mr. Howard, who has particular charge of this department, is reputed one of the most expert hammersmen in heavy and intricate smith- ing in the United States. His former connection with the Bridgewater Forge Company, where the work was confined chiefly to large forgings for Ocean steamers, has supplied him with an experience of unusual scope in this branch of mechanics, with which, perhaps more than any other man, he is intimately familiar. All these advantages, and the numerous facilities hereto- fore enumerated, are rarely combined under one corporation or management, and therefore give a pre-eminence to the DeLaney Forge and Iron Co. that must be taken into serious consideration by those who require work of this character, work that will resist the severest tests and prove durable, satisfactory and perfect in all respects.J See advertisement elsewhere. THEO. H. SCHORR, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Fancy Goods, &c, 12 East Seneca Street. One of the most enterprising houses in the city, doing business in Variety Goods, Notions, Toys, &c, is the estab- lishment of Theo. H. Schorr, at 12 East Seneca Street, which was organized January 4th, 1865. The business since then has been improved and extended considerably, the wholesale trade, especially, having been cultivated, until it has assumed quite extensive proportions in Buffalo and vicinity, taking in a circuit of seventy-five miles in Western New York and Pennsylvania. The proprietor has organized a knitting establishment at Lancaster, N. ^-i > n connection with his store here, where six to eight machines are kept constantly employed in manufacturing Gloves, Jackets, Hose, and Fancy Knit goods, &c, which he sells direct to the trade, and for which he has a large and increasing demand. The goods have gained a wide reputation for novelty in pattern and style, and the superior quality of the articles manufactured. The store of which Mr. Schorr is the proprietor, consists of first floor and basement, measuring 15x75 feet, and is replete at all times with an immense variety of Children's Toys, and the innumerable other articles which are gener- ally comprised and classified under the category of Notions, Fancy Goods, &c. At present the stock carried amounts to about twelve thousand dollars, and the annual business done averages about thirty thousand dollars. Mr. Schorr, who is a native of Buffalo, has been connected with this line of trade since 1863. He is thoroughly con- versant with every department, and knows exactly, by long experience and intuitive knowledge, the requirements of the public, and the wants of the trade generally. With his experience and facilities he is among the first to take advan- tage of the markets, hence his popularity and business suc- cess. He employs four assistants in the store, all experi- enced clerks, and every department of the business is con- ducted in a manner that makes it both popular with customers and the trade, among whom the house is regarded as one of the most desirable in Buffalo, with which tc establish business relations. JOHN B. MANNING, Maltster; Office, No. 59 Main Street. In dilating at length and in detail upon the industrial ad- vantages of this city, it must not be forgotten that they arise to a large extent from a fortuitous geographical posi- tion, a climate unusually equable, and magnificent water facilities, which place it in direct communication with the finest grain-growing districts in the world. These consider- ations have exerted a vital influence in promoting the manu- facture of malt, which is here carried on upon a scale the magnitude of which cannot be readily appreciated without carefully reviewing the trade in detail. In undertaking such a work we shall begin with reference to the enterprise of John B. Manning, who established his present business in Barley Malting in i860, and who, having commenced with a product of three thousand bushels per annum, now produces nearly five hundred thousand bushels of malt yearly. The various premises or establishments required for con- ducting so large a business are variously situated, the most extensive being located at Black Rock, on the Niagara River, contiguous to the Erie Canal, and communicating with the New York Central Railroad and the entire Cana- dian railway system by means of side tracks and switches which are run into the building. It is not an exaggeration to say that this structure, not_ only with reference to its site, but also its capacity and internal arrangementSj is at least equal and probably superior to any malt-house in the United States. It occupies an area of 65x181 feet, is six stories in height, substantially built of brick, and fully sup- plied with every modern appliance and arrangement for the successful prosecution of the trade. On the Terrace, in the 7° BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. center of the city, is another establishment, 75 feet square, four stories high, with almost equal advantages for shipment by rail and water, and, though less in extent, equally well equipped, so far as internal arrangements are concerned. On Washington street, near Perry, is the third establish- ment, which consists of a brick building 150x70 feet in di- mensions, having six floors, and also modern in all its ap- pointments. These three colossal establishments possess, as before remarked, an aggregate capacity of nearly half a million bushels annually, and afford occupation for forty-two employees, and have become the center of a trade which ranges over the East, and south as far as Charleston, South Carolina; north, throughout Canada, and of course in this and immediately surrounding states. The barley which is invariably used by Mr. Manning is the best grown on this continent, being carefully selected and prepared with an ac- curacy that always insures uniform results. The former references, made with regard to climate, are verified in the operations of this trade, malting being conducted with regu- larity eight months in the year, a period of unparalleled du- ration elsewhere in this particular branch of trade. A native of Albany, New York, Mr. Manning for twenty- four years has been a resident of this city, nearly twenty of which have been devoted to his present vocation. His de- termination to excel in the manufacture of malt has been sedulously carried out, and has met with almost unexampled success, as attested by the enormous increase of his opera- tions and the wide extent of his trade. To indulge in any personal comment would be superfluous, and we can only- remark in conclusion that brewers, no matter where located, will find to their account in establishing relations with this house. OATMAN BROTHERS, Produce and Commission Merchants, 90 West Mar- ket Street and 149 Michigan Street. On the first of January, 1880, David C. Oatman, for five years Supervisor for the town of Evans, and residing in the village of Angola, in said town, and Le Roy S. Oatman, entered into copartnership, under the style of Oatman Brothers, as Produce and Commission Merchants, at 90 West Market street and 149 Michigan street, the old stand of A. B. & H. J. Tucker. Previous to commencing this nusiness, David C. Oatman held the position of County Clerk for Erie County, during the years 1877, 1878 and 1879; while his brother, Le Roy S. Oatman, was Clerk of the Supreme Court, Erie County, during the same period. They are both natives of this state, having been born in Washington County — the former, David C, in 1840, and the latter, Le Roy S., in 1844. They enter upon their present undertaking under very favorable auspice-., with large capital, a high reputation, extensive business connection, and considerable experience, having been in iliis line before, The premises they occupy are most conveniently situated, and in every way adapted for the prosecution of their trade, having every facility for doing a large and extensive business. They consist of a four-story brick building, with basement, 20x127, right in the business center for the class of goods they deal in. Although they have only just made a commencement, they have already shown both energy and enterprise in their undertaking, which has stamped the Oatman Brothers as first-class, go-ahead men of business. Their trade con- sists of General Produce, and they also are dealers in For- eign Fruits, Oysters, Seeds, etc.; making Potatoes and Apples in car lots a particular specialty. Their present stock may be valued at about three thou- sand dollars, and the name of Oatman Brothers is well known and well spoken of on the market. Already they have trade with St. Louis, New York, Pittsburgh, Cleve- land, Cincinnati, Columbus, Chicago, and other western markets. They likewise deal with Baltimore, Louisville, Memphis, etc., and other cities in the South; and such are their business associations and extensive resources, that their firm promises ere long to become one of the first in the trade. We may remark, also, that David C. Oatman is engaged in the General Merchandise and Produce business at An- gola, N. Y., where he was established as a member of, and is now successor to, the old firm of L. Oatman & Son for the past eighteen years; his business at this point being large and increasing. Mr. Le Roy S. Oatman also has had a store at Angola, N. Y., for the past twelve years, where he transacts a large business in Drugs, Books, and Paper Hangings. Their father, the late Hon. Lyman Oatman, was Member of Assembly from the Fifth District, Erie County, in 1870 and 1871, and was well known as Super- visor for the town of Evans. FRANK SPRINGFELS, Manufacturer of Paper Boxes, for Druggists, Perfumers, Jewelers, Confectioneks, 61 Broad- way. Mr. Frank Springfels is a comparatively young man, and hut recently embarked into business on his own account. He entered into the arena of trade competition after a long application to and a thorough, practical knowledge of his art. As evidence of his proficiency, his business has in- creased rapidly, necessitating increased facilities and help. He now occupies a large, centrally located business house. No. 61 Broadway, where eight expert hands are busy making Paper Boxes of every description. Yet the prominent fea- ture and specialty of his business is the more elaborate branch, such as Jewelry Cases and Fancy Boxes. Mr. Springfels acquired the trade of bookbinder and box- maker in Germany, where he was born in the year 1848. He came to this city in 1876, where he has since resided. We predict for him a prosperous business career, to which, as a gentleman in manners and an adept in his business, he ts justly entitled. CHRISTOPHER H. BERNHARDT, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Boots and Shoes, 7 Main Street. Among the numerous manufacturers of Boots and Shoes in the city must be mentioned the name of C. H. Bernhardt, who makes a specialty of fine class work to order, and who is a dealer in all kinds of Boots and Shoes, carrying upon all occasions a fine assortment of goods suitable for ladies", misses' and children's wear, as well as Rubber Goods and other articles generally associated with the boot and shoe trade. Mr. Bernhardt came to Buffalo in 1863, and commenced this business in 1870; since which time the trade has gradu- ally increased, until the proprietor has become well known a> a tirst-class tradesman. The class of goods turned out from his establishment has always been noted for reliable workmanship and fine fit and finish, especially the custom work made to order, to which he gives his own personal at- tention. He occupies one floor at No. 7 Main street, where he em- ploys five hands in manufacturing to order, and attending to the repairing department. The stock carried amounts to about $3,500, and is of a va- ried character, all salable and in good demand. The busi- ness operations are chiefly confined to the city, but during the lake season a considerable boat trade is done; the loca- tion of the store being very convenient for this class of cus- tomers, who, when they have once had dealings with Mr. Bernhardt, never fail to again give him their steady pat- ronage. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 71 HARVEY & HENRY, Proprietors Buffalo City Flour Mills and Deal- ers IN ALL KINDS OF GRAIN, 97 TO 107 CHICAGO STREET. The conspicuous advantages enjoyed by Buffalo, from a geograpical position, with reference to a great system of navigation, as to make it a central point of transhipment between the east and the west, are too obvious to require extended mention. As a result of this position and these advantages, however, certain industries have sprung into successful operation during the last two decades, that have lent an impetus to the growth of this community at once healthful and vigorous. Among such industries the grain and flouring interests have assumed an importance which demands detailed recognition in this work, and entering upon this task we cannot avoid at least brief mention of the enterprise of Messrs. Harvey & Henry, proprietors of the Buffalo City Flour Mills. The plant which is now owned and operated by the above firm, was established or founded by Mr. H. J. Harvey, in 1867, who continned the prosecution of the business alone 'till 1874, when having associated with himself, Mr. F. J. Henry, the style of the house became as at present. The Buffalo City Flour Mills are located on the corner of Chicago and Miami streets, (the office, however, being at 221 Wash- ington street) are of considerable magnitude, being four stories in height with ceilings of great altitude. The mechanical appliances and facilities being such as to afford a productive capacity of two hundred and fifty barrels of flour per day. Seven run of stone are operated, and the machinery is turned by a steam engine of large horse power. Fifteen hands are employed, four of whom are skilled experts in milling, and a stock of about 125,000 bushels of wheat is in store. The trade of the firm, under careful and judicious man- agement has been annually increasing, and now extends not only over New York and the contiguous States, but over a large part of New England, the celebrity of the goods manu- factured being such as to cause a steady, popular demand for the same. Of those special brands for which the firm is most noted, we might quote the King, World's Best, Epicure's Delight, Moss Rose, American Eagle, Superb, Eclipse, names which have become identified with the admirable products they indicate. . Besides the manufacture of flour, under processes evolved from the best chemical, as well as mechanical knowledge of the age, the firm has also turned its attention to the produc- tion of oat meal, corn meal, brans, middlings, bolted and unbolted meal, corn and oat mixed feed, linseed or oil meal, wheat screenings, &c, &c, and we are at liberty to say that in all respects, the goods made by the house of Haivey & Henry are recognized as the best of their kind manufactured in this country. The individual members of the firm are too well and widely known in this city, and by the general trade over the country to demand personal mention at our hands. Mr. H. J. Harvey is also of the firm of Harvey Brothers, and Mr. Henry, though originally from France, has for twenty years been identified with Buffalo and its enterprises. In commendation of this house, as one with which to establish the most pleasing and profitable business relations, we cannot say too much, and the position that they have achieved in the business community of Buffalo, as manu- facturers of superior goods, and promoters of the general industrial thrift, is such as to have endowed them with the consideration and esteem of the public and those with whom they have established relations. SCHEELER & BAER, Proprietors of the Buffalo Wire Works. 145 Main Street. • This house was established in 1865, by M. Scheeler and George Baer, who have been for many years identified with the industrial affairs of this city. The premises of the firm consist of one large building, four stories in height and 22x65 feet in area, the upper floors of which are used for the man- ufacture of wire goods by machinery, and a back building 30x79 feet, where bench work is made in every variety; em- ploying in all not less than twenty skilled operatives. A specialty of the firm is Wire Cloth, which they manu- facture by a skillful and rapid process, which insures uni- formity to all grades. In addition to this, they pay particu- lar attention to the construction of Office, Desk and Counter Railings for banks, insurance companies and private offices, and Iron, Steel, Brass and Copper Wire Wares; as, Bird Cages, Traps, Fenders, Food Safes and other domestic arti- cles. Mr. Baer, the junior member of the firm, has also been con ipicuous in municipal affairs, having served from 1872 to 1876 upon the Board of Supervisors from the Seventh Ward, and in the Council during 1877 and 1878. The enterprise of the firm has been fully illustrated by the superior character of the goods which they have placed upon the market; and the influence exerted upon the community by the industry they conduct fully entitles them to the consideration with which they are regarded. CHARLES S. RILEY, Books, Stationery, Periodicals and Circulating Library, No. 313 Main Street. The useful and popular establishment of Mr. Chas. S. Riley is well known in Buffalo and fully deserves mention in this work. The house was founded by Mr. Riley in 1875, and has from that time enjoyed a favorite place in the esti- mation of the public. Dealing largely in books, stationery, papeterie, magazines and periodical publications, blanks and all the many articles that belong to the fancy goods depart- ment of the trade, Mr. Riley also conducts a Circulating Library, well stocked with a numerous array of works in all branches of English literature. Two assistants are required in the business, and the establishment is nicely equipped for the purpose; a pleasant resort, where purchasers can not only always obtain full valuo, but many advantages in price and variety in selection, not easily obtained elsewhere. J. T. McGINNESS, Watchmaker, Jeweler, etc., 185 Main Street. One of the rising and most popular houses in the city, in the Watchmaking and Jewelry line, is that of J. T. McGin- ness, at 185 Main street. The business was originally estab- lished by J. T. McGinness & Co., in May, 1876; but in August, 1879, the first named became the sole proprietor and assumed the entire management of the concern, and for a young venture, it has already become a prosperous and paying one. The store occupies one floor at 185 Main street, the manufacturing department of the business being located in the rear of the store room. Mr. McGinness is a practical watch and clock maker, and manufacturing jeweler, and is also a dealer in Watches, Clocks, Diamonds, Jewelry, Silverware, etc.; making a spe- cialty of American and Swiss Watches. He is a native of Buffalo, and for eleven years has been connected with this line of business, seven years of wkich he was employed by Mr. D. B. Castle, whose house is the oldest one in this trade in the city. Here the previous knowledge he had gained was matured, and his experience extended; and when he commenced on his own account it was with a thoroughly practical knowledge of the business in every department. The stock he carries at the present time is about ten thou- sand dollars, and the trade transactions are proportionably large, extending beyond the city limits to the surrounding towns and cities, including the lake towns and Pennsylvania. Four hands are employed, all practical jewelers and expe- rienced workmen, who reflect credit on the establishment for the reliable and high-classed work turned out from the various departments. Mr. McGinness includes Badges of all kinds among his other articles of manufacture, and makes quite a specialty of this class of work. Possessing, as he does, a most eligible location, a varied and extensive stock, with sufficient capi- tal, combined with practical knowledge and business capa- city, the trade is sure to increase and attain such a position as the "roorietor so well deserves. ROBERT WARD & SON, Pianos, 824 Main St., Germania Block. The above firm are sole dealers in the celebrated Henry F. Miller Grand, Square and Upright Pianos, also dealers in the original Decker's Pianos, either of which it is claimed are unrivalled for their tone, durability and thoroughness of workmanship. In addition to their piano business they are also dealers in general musical merchandise. Robert Ward, the senior partner, is a native of Ely, Cam- bridge Shire, England, from whence he went to London, to more completely perfect himself in his business, and here his son. Robert C. Ward, was born. They came here in 1869, and commenced business in a small way at 283 Pearl street, after which they moved to their present premises at 824 Main street, Germania Block, where they occupy large buildings, employing five hands. From a small beginning the business, by promptitude, strict attention, untiring energy and thorough workmanship, has steadily increased, until now their stock is valued at ten thousand dollars, and their trade amounts to twenty thousand dollars per annum. Part of their business consists in selling pianos payable on in- stalments, and taking old pianos in exchange. It is also worthy 72 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. of note, that every piano sold from their establishment is warranted for six years. Their trade is chiefly confined to Buffalo and vicinity, and they claim that nothing superior can be found to the class of work turned out from their store. They are skillful, in- defatigable workers and enterprising men of business, and well worthy of the patronage they receive and the success they have met with. -Mr. Robert CuttrissWard, the junior partner, has achieved a splendid reputation, during the past few years, as a bari- tone singer. His voice is remarkable for range, volume and sympathetic quality. The American Art Joi i :-al, of January 17th, 188c, in speaking of his varied musical attain- ments, says, " that Mr. Ward possesses without exception the most excellent baritone of any singer in the country for one of his age; it being very high, of good flexibility, re- markable purity and sweetness. In selecting the career of a vocalist Mr. Ward has certainly applied himself to that branch of art, for which, by natural endowments and educa- tion, he is best fitted. Our readers at a distance desiring to communicate with Mr. Ward, with reference to profes- sional engagements, can address him through the New England Musical Bureau, Music Hall, Boston. ERIE PRESERVING CO. Canned Goods, &c, 163 Maiden Lane, New York City, and 85 to 95 Ohio St., Buffalo. An Incorporated Company, organized in 1873 with a capital of twenty-five thousand dollars, subsequently in- creased to fifty thousand dollars in 1876, and later to one hundred thousand dollars, the operations of the Erie Pre- serving Co. have assumed a magnitude, and the goods manufactured attained a celebrity, not only in this country but in Europe, that entitles it to more than passing recog- nition in these pages. The extent to which the business has been carried may be partially inferred from the fact that four large packing- houses, situated respectively at Buffalo, Ravenswood, Queens Co., N. Y., Brant, Erie Co., N. Y.,and Farnaam, in the same county, are required with all their appliances, as necessary adjuncts to the trade of the concern. That these various packing-houses are of considerable dimensions, it may be stated that at Ravenswood, Long Island, the main building covers an area of 30x120 feet, being two stories high; also another building, of much larger proportions, is now being erected; while at Brant and Farnham each are four separate buildings, occupying over an acre, with numer- ous detached dwellings for operatives, &c. The buildings in this city are four stories high, 90x115 feet, with annex, 40x90 feet, and two floors. At each of these central depots, which are located with special reference to facility in securing supplies, a can manu- facturing department is operated, requiring from seventy- five to eighty hands, while in the department for preparing and canning from eight hundred to one thousand hands are employed; each plant being thoroughly equipped with the best modern machinery and appliances for securing perfect results. Especially in the preserving of apples the company has distinguished itself more than any other similar concern in the country, the greatest care being exercised in the selec- tion of the best winter fruit, as grown in the archidans of Western New York, well known as the finest fruit raised on the Continent. Not only do they preserve all the larger fruits, such as peaches, pears, quinces, pine apples, plums, &c, but the smaller varieties, such as cherries, blackberries, raspberries, strawberries, gooseberries, huckleberries, besides rhubarb, pumpkins, squashes, &c. Jams, Jellies, Preserves, Marma- lades and Fruit Butters are also manufactured, of assorted varieties and flavors, elegantly put up in tumblers, goblets, ground crown glasses, sugar bowls, and are as attractive in appearance as delicious and palatable. Tlie preservation of vegetables also occupies an important place in the work of the Company, such as Asparagus, Erie Sweet Corn, Succotash, Tomatoes, Peas, Lima and String Beans, Golden Pumpkin, Okra, &c, and these products may be classed as superior, wholesome and economical con- tributions to the table, retaining all their original freshness when summer has gone. The management of the Erie Preserving Co. is vested in the hands of the following gentlemen: Benjamin Fenton, Esq., President, Buffalo; Hon. W. W. Hammond, Vice-Pre- sident, Judge of the Erie County Court, Buffalo; James Fenton, Esq., Secretary, and also Superintendent of the Buf- falo house; D. W. Fenton, Esq., Treasurer, New York City; and S. Fenton, Jr., Esq., Assistant-Treasurer, at the same place. To the able and vigilant supervision of these gentleman the Corporation owes its success, a success so pronounced as to have resulted in the accumulation of a handsome surplus, besides numerous important improvements, which place the value of the assets of the concern greatly in excess of the total capital stock. The careful solicitude which pervades every department of the business has resulted in establishing a trade in almost every civilized country of the Globe, and the acquirement of facilities in preserving apples alone to the extent of about thirty thousand barrels per annum, while the total capacity, in all respects, amounts to nearly one hundred thousand cans daily. Such being the case, and with unrivalled conveniences for shipping, by tail and water, an established excellence of product, and a business policy based upon equity and liber- ality, it is not going too far to say that as conducing to the industrial thrift of every community in which its operations are conducted, that the Erie Preserving Company may be properly regarded as a representative concern, worthy of the highest consideration and success. GIES & CO., Lithographers, Engravers, Printers and Book- binders, 305 and 307 Washington St. The above house, from the magnitude as well as the diversity of its operations, cannot fail to elicit marked con- sideration in any work dwelling upon the industrial advant- ages of this city. Established not more than five years ago, by Charles Gies and George H. Dunston, under the title of Gies & Co., the house sprang at once into prominence, and during every year of its subsequent existence has monopol- ized more and more a trade which extends from Boston to San Francisco, from the Lakes to New Otleans, reaching even to European countries and other foreign points. In the character of the work executed by the firm in its four differ- ent and several departments we can assert, from personal observations, that it is not only all that can be desired, but superior in every respect. As the largest establishment of the kind west of New York City, the facilities and conveniences of the firm are unequalled. They embrace the finest machin- ery, newly invented labor-saving appliances, and all sorts of apparatus for the prompt and accurate execution of the work. The premises occupied are extensive, consisting of three floors, 60x100 feet in dimensions, in addition to the office on first floor, 30x60 feet, together with an ample basement for storage, &c, 60x20 feet. Seventy-five operatives, most of whom aie skillful artisans, find employment in this estab- lishment; while eight cylinder presses, averaging six and a half tons in weight, together with twelve job presses, give some idea of the resources of the house. A 40-horse power steam engine is used for driving the machinery. The work issued by Gies & Co., especially in the represen- tation of agricultural machinery and mechanical appliances of all kinds, is said to be unequalled in the world. The standing of the house in Buffalo, and the position it occupies, is such as to require no comment. We may say, however, in conclusion, that, as one of the largest and most complete es- tablishments of the kind in the United States.it is entitled to the consideration of our readers, who, desiring Lithographing, Engraving, Printing or Bookbinding executed thoroughly well, and at the must liberal rates, should communicate with it at least before placing their orders elsewhere, especially should this be borne in mind by agricultural implement manufac- turers, contemplating lithographic work, railroads, banks and commercial houses needing heavy blank books. Their facili- ties for designing and engraving on wood or metals being, also, of an extraordinary character, while the bindery department is a prominent feature of the house, which, as a whole, repre- sents throughout the highest class of art and excellence at- tained in this age. BUFFALO FORGE COMPANY. Hammelmann & Wendt, Proprietors 482 to 490 Broadway. During the whole history of mechanical appliances, there is, perhaps, no machine that has been so little improved, or has made less progress from the original discovery, than that most useful contrivance, the Bellows. As soon as men began to make use of fire, the importance of bellows was felt, as the natural bellows, if we may give tins name to the lungs, could not be applied to any great extent. The invention of bellows is ascribed to Anacharsis, the Scythian, though probably it took place in different coun- tries, and his principle still regulates the common form of bellows now in use. The first deviation from the ancient and still common form, was made by the Germans about 100 years ago, and various other forms have been since attempt- ed for the improvement of this highly important machine. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS 73 but the numerous attempts have not been rewarded with any very great or favorable results. The Blacksmith's bellows is still worked, with all its inconveniences and tiresome encumberments, and until recently, it never occurred to any one to change the princi- ple. It was, however, left to Mr. C. Hammelman, now manager of the Buffalo Forge Company, to invent a Porta- ble Forge and Hand Blower, which completely revolu- tionizes the old fashioned, antediluvian system, by produc- ing a more convenient, labor saving, better effective inven- tion. His principle is based on the leverage motion natural to the blacksmith, which does not tire him, and the handle has a swivel motion, by which he is not compelled to stand over the fire. There are plenty of portable forges in the market, worked by the crank motion, which is exceedingly tiresome, and are therefore out of the competitive race, when set side by side with the forges made by the Buffalo Forge Co. The inventions of Mr. Hammelmann have been patented in the United States, Canada and Great Britain, and so highly are they appreciated, that although the Buffalo Forge Company has only been two years in business, they have received and filled orders from all parts of the United States and Canadas and, indeed, every portion of the Globe, with the exception of Africa. The Hand Blower can be easily moved from place to place, and throws with little labor a fearful blast of air. We may mention that the Company have recently secured a patent on an improved Blower, which, for compactness, efficacy, and moderation in price, will compete successfully with anything of the kind now in the market. It will even compete in price with the ordinary bellows and is so very easily worked that it is bound to supplant that article alto- gether. The sole proprietors of the concern are C. Hammelmann, and \Vm. F. Wendt, the former being the manager of the company and the latter, the secretary and treasurer. Their premises, 50x100 feet, two stories high, are located as above, are entirely new and are fitted up with every appliance in the shape of machinery, and otherwise, for the requirements of their daily increasing trade. From thirty to forty hands find employment here, and power is obtained from a 20-horse power steam engine, by which the machinery is kept constantly at work. Both partners are natives of Buffalo, and both were bred to business in this city, which can boast of having invented and introduced to the world, by their means, one of the most useful and important discoveries of the age. As all their work is turned out under their direct personal supervision, the utmost confidence may be reposed in its quality and efficiency. For the guidance of our readers abroad, it might be well to state that in every city or town in the United States, these Forges can be had by applying to any dealer in Hard- ware, &c, but should they fail to find such, all the neces- sary information with regard to the Forge will be immedi- ately sent on application to the Company at the above address. J. M. RICHMOND & CO., Commission, Elevating and Forwarding Merchants, No. 16 Central Wharf. We have dilated at length in a previous portion of this work upon the remarkable advantages enjoyed by Buffalo as the locality of all others best adapted for the handling and transhipment of cereals. These advantages, natural and acquired, have tended to the promotion of transactions in this department of trade of the greatest magnitude and, importance, and to the establishment of numerous commer- cial houses whose aggregate annual transactions are simply prodigious, as shown by tabular statements elsewhere, to which special attention has been directed. Of these houses, that of J. M. Richmond & Co. is eminent, not alone for the facilities it possesses in the prosecution of this trade, but the enterprise and liberality exhibited in promoting the public benefit by the strenuous advocacy of the fuller development of the commercial resources of this city. The members of this firm — J. M., Moses and Alonzo Richmond — are natives of Syracuse, removing from that city to Buffalo in 1853, and establishing within a short pe- riod thereafter the business which still remains under their control. In 1862 the facilities of the house were greatly augmented by the construction of a Grain Elevator having a capacity of 300,000 bushels, and capable of transferring 100,000 bushels per diem. From 1856 to 1866 Alonzo Rich- mond was a resident of Chicago, where he greatly fostered not only the business of the Buffalo house, but the general trade existing between that western emporium of the grain trade and this city. During its career many arduous and honorable positions have been conferred upon the several members of the firm, many of which are still retained. J. M. Richmond, as the incumbent President of the Board of Trade, Vice-President of the Marine Bank, President of the Mutual Gas Light Company, and a Director of the Buffalo Insurance Company, is active in furthering the prosperity of this community. Alonzo Richmond, as Director and ex-officio President of the Board of Trade, Director of the Erie County Savings Bank, of the Marine Bank, of the Buffalo Insurance Com- pany, and of the Buffalo Historical Society, is not less alert in securing for this city that prominence to which it is entitled. Mr. Richmond is also concerned in the Board of Trade as Vice-President, as well as connected with other public in- stitutions. In every respect the house may be regarded as a repre- sentative one. Prompt, liberal and enterprising to a marked degree, the weight of its influence is invariably exerted to enhance the public welfare and to secure the success of every undertaking likely to add to the resources possessed by this city. N. MOZRSCHFELDER, Cutler, 519 Main Street. For thirty years the establishment of Mr. Mcerschfelder has been one of the institutions of Buffalo, generally recog- nized as the leading house in cutlery and special lines of fine hardware in the city. The concern was founded by the father of the present proprietor, Mr. N. Mcerschfelder, Sr., in 1850, (upon his arrival from France,) who conducted the business with increasing success till 1863, when it passed into the hands of his son. The trade, gradually enlarging from year to year, has not been confined to retailing, a very considerable wholesale business being now transacted, which reaches over the states of New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Indiana, resulting in a revenue of from ten to fifteen thousand dol- lars per annum. The stock is very carefully selected and will probably reach an average value of five thousand dollars. The specialties to which Mr. Mcerschfelder devotes the greatest attention being Concave Razors, Tonsorial Supplies, Bar- ber's and Tailor's Shears, fine pocket and table Cutlery, Butcher's Knives and Cleavers, &c, of which there are full lines in all departments. The store room proper is commo- dious, in the rear of which is a repair shop, where from five to six hands are engaged, with the necessary machin- ery, mending and redressing all kinds of cutlery, and par- ticularly re-concaving razors, a process which greatly pro- longs their usefulness. A native of France, where he was born in 1834, Mr. Mcerschfelder has been identified with his vocation in Buf- falo for nearly a third of a century, during which time he has not only acquired a thorough and minute knowledge of his business, but has secured and maintained the respect and esteem of his fellow citizens. CHARLES E. WALBRIDGE, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Stoves, Hard- ware, Nails, Sheet Metals, Tinware and Iron Reservoir Vases, &c, cor Washington and South Division Sts. For many years the enterprise originated and conducted by Mr. Chas. E. Walbridge, has occupied more than an ordi- nary place, in the industrial system of this city, and is not to be overlooked'in a work devoted exclusively to a careful delineation of the advantages and resources of Buffalo as a trade center. The establishment referred to is located as above, and embraces two capacious store rooms and basements, cover- ing an area of 60x120 feet, and adapted both in situation and arrangement, for all the demands of the business. Here is conducted, besides a large retail trade, jobbing operations that extend over western New York and the adjacent States, involving the sale of housebuilder's, con- tractor's and domestic hardware of all descriptions, sheet metals, nails, iron and tinware, stoves, kitchen utensils, house furnishing goods, silver plated wares and patent iron reservoir vases, &c. To this last class of goods we desire to call the particu- lar attention of those having grounds or gardens to embelish and ornament, convinced that the reservoir vase, will sup- ply all requirements in this direction and afford more per- petual satisfaction than any other similar appliance extant. Manufactured under a patent, controlled by Mr. Wal- bridge, these vases are constructed of all sizes, in thirty or 74 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. more graceful and artistic designs; they are indestructible, and supplied with a reservoir for containing water immedi- ately beneath the earth basin, by means of which a con- stant moisture is communicated to the roots by capillary at- traction, entirely obviating the necessity of watering oftener than two or three times monthly, making them particularly desirable as flower vases for cemeteries. This admirable contrivance cannot be too highly commended, as sure to produce healthy and luxuriant vegetation, imitating, in fact, the exact process employed by nature on a larger scale. In the other lines of goods mentioned, Mr. Walbridge is in a position to offer such advantages as must make his house popular, both with consumers and dealers. He man- ufactures small sheet iron and tin wares, and employs in this department, and as a traveling and clerical force, about thirty men, and carries a stock varying in value with the season, but always large and adequate to every demand. A native of Buffalo, Mr. Walbridge has pursued his pre- sent enterprise since 1869, with unusual success and has attained, in consequence, a position not only satisfactory but enviable. The business is transacted upon a basis of liberality and equity, that constantly redounds to the greater popularity of the house. Our readers, residing at a distance, interested in garden, yard, lawn or cemetery decoration, will do well to send for illustrated catalogue and price list of Reservoir I 'ases. JAMES SCHNEIDER, Merchant Tailor, No. 335 Washington Street. In a careful review of the various trades of Buffalo it will be plainly observable that a detailed mention of each dis- closes great advantages that some possess over others in the same line of business; the result in some cases of a longer experience, and in some instances that of a greater natural aptitude to the particular trade or profession. In the business of Merchant Tailoring, Mr. James Schnei- der may be said to have attained his well-known reputation as a cutter and maker of men's attire from both of the es- sentials mentioned above. His experience runs over a course of time aggregating twenty years, he having estab- lished himself in this city in i860, seven years after his arri- val in this country from France, his native land. This long experience, coupled with an intuitive knowledge of what constitutes symmetry and beauty in design in wearing ap- parel, peculiar to the nature of his race, has given Mr. Schneider a proficiency attained by few of his compeers, either here or elsewhere. To such perfection, indeed, has he brought the art of cutting, that during the past year he was the recipient of a communication from Mr. John B. West, of the "American Fashion Reporter," New York, acknowledging the receipt of certain new designs in stylish garments, bearing the highest indorsements of Mr. Schnei- der's taste and ability, and, it may be added, from the high- est authority in artistic cutting and designing. His stock of fine woolens and suitings of American and imported English, French and German fabrics is complete at each opening of the season, embracing the latest pat- terns in the market, as well as the standard goods generally sought after by those more conservative in the character of their dress. The custom of this house is very largely drawn from the e'lite of our city and surrounding towns and neighboring cities, and engages at the cutting-board both Mr. Schneider and a competent assistant, and furnishes employment to from twelve to sixteen of select custom work makers, only those who are thoroughly reliable being secured to make up clothing for this establishment. Thus he is able to guaran- tee in every instance a perfect fit, reliable goods, and work- manship not excelled in this or any other city in the country. HARVEY BROTHERS, Flour, Grain and Seed Merchants, and Dealers in Agricultural Implements, 221 Washington St The only house in Buffalo which confines its operations to the handling of Seeds, Grains and Agricultural Imple- ments is that of Messrs. Harvey Brothers, which was estab- lished twenty years ago by the same gentlemen, Horace J. and John H. Harvey, who now conduct the business. When first organized, the attention of the firm was directed mainly to a traffic in Flour and Feed, but as this business was i urther developed the department of Seeds and Agri- cultural Implements was added; features that have conduced no little to the enlargement of the concern. The premises which are occupied by Messrs. Harvey Brothers are situated at No. 221 Washington street, consist- ing of one roomy edifii covering an area of 25x125 feet, and having four floors, besides a finished basement, affording ample accomodations for the basis of a trade which not only embraces this locality, but ranges largely over Western New York, Western Pennsylvania and Northern Ohio. In this building are observed various departments for the diverse commodities dealt in by the house, systematically arranged, with a view to the convenience and simplification of all matters of detail. The first floor is devoted to the stock and storage of Garden and Flower Seeds, in almost infinite var- iety, all of which are carefully catalogued and labeled with not only the common but the botanic names; while the upper stories are devoted to the heavier Grains and Agricultural Seeds, as well as an extensive assortment of F'arm and Garden Implements, such as Seed Drills, Ploughs, Cultiva- tors, Harrows, Hoes, Spades, Pruning Hooks, Lawn Mow- ers, Sickles, and all the multifarious paraphernalia belong- ing to the florist or the farmer. Here also the firm has a department of printing, where all the labels are prepared and seed papers, &c, properly marked. A steam elevator adds to the convenience, and makes the transfer of stock rapid and easy. Conducting their business both as jobbers, retailers and commission dealers in Grain and Flour, Messrs. Harvey Brothers have established an excellent reputation for thorough proficiency, and the most careful solicitude with regard to the superior character of the Seeds and articles in which they deal, recognizing fully the paramount importance to their customers of furnishing, especially in the former case, only such as are properly matured and genuine. Both members of the firm are natives of Washington County, New York, but have been identified with the inter- ests of Buffalo for more than a quarter of a century. Mr. Horace J. Harvey, aside from his connection with this house, is the senior partner of Harvey & Henry, of which we publish a notice elsewhere. During the entire twenty years of its existence the firm of Harvey Brothers has maintained a reputation which has ranked the house among the best in this city, and warrants us in saying to our readers at a distance who are likely to need such wares or articles as before mentioned, that they will confer a favor upon themselves by consulting this house with reference to their wants in this direction. PETER A. VOGT, Manufacturer of Refrigerators, Ale and Beer Coolers, etc., Nos. 19 and 21 Main Street. The increase in the consumption of malt beverages dur- ing the past two decades has had a very marked influence, not only upon the business of the brewer, but upon other contingent industries which have also shared in a pros- perity resulting from this change in the habits of the peo- ple. Farmers, coopers, maltsters, glass manufacturers and others have more or less derived some advantage from the almost universal abandonment (especially during the warm months^) of heavy liquors and strong alcoholic stimulants. Among those who contribute to a state of affairs so satis- factory, we must not forget the manufacturer of Refrigera- tors or Coolers for Beer and Ale; and in such a connection the name and establishment of Peter A. Vogt become at once prominent. The manufacture of these goods was commenced in Buf-, falo by Gcsellgen, Heinz & Co., in 1865, who continued the business for three years, when it passed into the possession of the present proprietor, Mr. Vogt, who has since con- ducted it in a manner that made success a natural result. The premises employed as manufactory and salesrooms, warerooms, etc., are located at Nos. 19 and 21 Main street, and comprise one large building ^0x90 feet in area, having four floors, and such equipments in all respects as are most convenient and desirable. By an examination of this establishment, the illustrated catalogue issued by the house, and the wares manufac- tured, we find that the Coolers and Refrigerators con- structed here, to the number of about two thousand annu- ally, possess certain remarkable advantages that, all things considered, make them probably the best and cheapest goods of the kind made. Lined with zinc throughout, and secured from the outer air by means of India rubber strips, so arranged around each opening as to seal the chest hermetically — cooled from the top, and supplied with compartments for every require- ment, these Refrigerators and Coolers are invaluable in their several forms for domestic use, as well as for hotels, restaurants and saloons. They are made of all sizes and prices, and are specially designed to wear for many years without becoming rusty, mouldy, or impaired in any other manner. The Reliable Refrigerator, of which Mr. Vogt makes a specialty, is one of the must saleable and satisfactory articles in every way ever offered to the public; and dealers in house-furnishing goods everywhere will find it greatly to their advantage to obtain these goods, as being readily sale- able at handsome margins for profit. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 75 Employing from thirteen to twenty hands in his estab- lishment, besides Iwo salesmen who represent the house in the East West and South, Mr. Vogt contributes no little to the general industry of the city, and occupies a position that entitles him to the consideration of the community. A na- tive of Buffalo, Mr. Vogt possesses an experience in his vo- cation, and a knowledge of its requirements that enable him to meet the demand of the trade promptly and afford solid advantages, difficult if not impossible to obtain else- where. Send^for illustrated catalogue and price lists. WESP, LAUTZ BROTHERS & CO., Niagara Starch Works, Office and Salesrooms, Nos. 24 to 36 Hanover Street, Buffalo, and No. 13 South Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa. It is with great pleasure that we are enabled to call the attention of our readers to another of those splendid enter- prises for which this city is becoming justly famous. We refer to the Starch Manufactory of Wesp, Lautz Brothers & Co., which, with the enlargements now projected, will rank second to no similar concern in the United states. These works are situated in East Buffalo, the factory build- ings in use covering an area of 250x90 feet, three stories in height, and supplied with all the machinery required for ^manufacture of a superior product. The addition now under process of construction, will be 153 feet square, tour stories high, and will nearly treble the demensions of the present plant; the whole affording facilities for the con- sumption and reduction of two thousand bushels ot Corn daily In the operation of the present works,_ eighty-seven hands find employment, while the machinery is moved by a hundred horse-power steam engine and a battery of boilers of 360-horse power. Situated adjacent to the railroads, lake and canal, the most perfect facilities are enjoyed for the receipt of Coal and Corn, and every advantage afforded for the prompt and easy shipment of Starch to all points. The firm was organized under its present title in October, 1877, and consists individually of Messrs. George and Philip Wesp, Martin F. Lautz, and J. Adam Charles and F. C. M. Lautz; the last three named being also extensively en- gaged in the manufacture of Soap, which is noticed more in detail elsewhere. The Messrs. Wesp are of German origin and are practically conversant with every detail pertaining to the manufacture of Starch. Their personal supervision is constantly and carefully exercised in this department of the work, and tends no little to secure a perfection in the product that is almost without parallel. When first established the business was commenced upon a .rather limited scale, the factory being but 40x60 feet in dimensions, and having only two floors, constant additions, however, were found neces- sary, owing to the rapid increase of a trade and demand, which the firm has never been able yet fully to supply. The Magard Starch, which is made exclusively from best quality corn, is manufactured in four grades, Gloss, Corn, Laundry and Pure, and enjoys the highest place, in the estimation of the trade, on account of its intrinsic merit. This trade may be said to extend all over the world, heavy exports being made to the South American States, Europe and even Asia, while large quantities are consumed through- out the United States and Canadas. The office and sales-rooms of the company are located on Hanover Street, in this city, and at No. 13 South Front Street, Philadelphia, where the eastern business of the house aenters. The marvellous manner in which fhe operations of this firm have grown, from a comparatively insignificant begin- ning, ia "877, to their present collosal proportions, may be taken, not only as an indication of the vitality inherent in the business, but of the consummate skill and sagacity with which it has been conducted. It is palpable that both the products of the concern and the general policy of its man- agement must meet with the hearty approval of the public, otherwise a success so brilliant would be impossible, and Buffalo fail to possess at least one establishment that reflects the highest credit upon the industrial thrift and enterprise of the community. . GEO. L. WILLIAMS, Tanner of Hemlock Sole Leather; Office and Warerooms, 50 and 52 Exchange Street. As a source of supplies for every kind of manufactured goods and variety of merchandise, the city of Buffalo will be seen, through these pages, to possess advantages and fa- cilities to meet the wants of the country, equal, if not su- perior, to any city of the same or even greater size; and in no branch of trade can this be more truly said than in that of leather. Being contiguous to a country affording an in- exhaustible supply of hides and bark at a low cost, this market offers to buyers advantages seldom, if possible, to be duplicated at any other center. This advantage in location, together with the admirable facilities for shipping by water and rail to all points North, East, South and West, has led to the establishment in this city of headquarters and warehouses of numerous tanneries situated in the bark-producing districts. Among these, that of Mr. George L. Williams, whose warehouses and offices are located as above on Exchange street, on account of its magnitude and importance should be allotted more than incidental mention, as contributing largely to the sole leather traffic of Buffalo. The tannery now owned and operated by Mr. Williams was built in 1864 by Curtiss, Deming & Williams, who were succeeded by Curtiss & Williams in 1868, and that firm a year later gave place to Curtiss, Williams & Co. — the pres- ent proprietor constituting the "Co." — which remained the same till 1S75, when another change took place which changed the title to C. H. & G. L. Williams, remaining thus till 1879, when Mr. G. L. Williams succeeded to the sole proprietorship. The plant is located near Salamanca, Cattaraugus county, this state, and is of considerable magnitude in extent and capacity, covering in all about twenty acres of ground, de- voted to buildings, yards and homes for operatives. _ The main building is a structure 60x400 feet, near to which is the dry house, measuring 40x160 feet, with capacious hide house in close proximity, all exclusive of dwellings, barns, etc. Here are employed forty skilled and common laborers, v.'hose operations are productive of from three hundred and fifty to four hundred thousand dollars' worth of Hemlock Sole Leather annually. Hemlock Sole Leather being the entire product of the house, special attention has been paid to bringing this class of leather to the highest possible standard of excellence, with a view to which every equipment and appointment of modern invention, tending to facilitate the best results, has met with speedy application; and it is safe to say that the efforts of no other house, in this direction, have excelled those put forth by the respective successors of Curtiss, Deming & Williams, and that the tannery in question, in its special line, is representative, in its product, of the best quality of American Hemlock Sole Leather. A. CUTLER & SON, Wholesale and Retail Dealers and Manufactur- ers of Furniture, 90, 92,94 and 96 Pearl Street. Many advantages combine to make Buffalo an excellent point for the manufacture of wooden ware, and particularly furniture. As the center of a lumber trade, drawing sup- plies in hard and fancy fine woods, pines and common varieties from the Canadas and the Northwest, its facilities are unexceptionable, affording the manufacturer of furni- ture, therefore, means for the acquirement of material, at prices invariably below those that obtain in less favored localities. ' . In an examination of the trade in this city, we are at once confronted with the house of A. Cutler & Son, which occupies a pre-eminent position in this industrial depart- ment of trade. Founded by Abner Cutler in the fall of 1824, the house has for more than half a century been close- ly identified with the progress, growth, and development of this city, to which during such an extended career it has added not a little. The premises are located as above on Pearl street and consist of one five story structure, 80 by 165 feet in area. Here the manufacture of furniture is carried on upon a scale that makes this establishment worthy of a visit, by 76 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. every stranger passing through this city. Twelve or thir- teen different departments are requisite for the orderly and systematic prosecution of the business, and from 60 to 70 experienced artisans find employment in the work, the interests of the firm being represented outside by four Commercial Travelers. The machinery and mechanical appliances here in use, are of the most effective character, and embrace much that is new, novel and ingenious, for the diminution of manual labor and the greater perfection of the products. A 40-horse power steam engine and 60-horse power boiler are required to operate this machinery and the elevators, with which th^ floors are connected. Though seventy-nine years of age, Mr. Abner Cutler still continues an active and vigilant supervision of the business in all departments, ably assisted by Mr. Fredrick _H. Cutler, who was admitted to an interest in the concern, in 1869. It has always been, and is now more than ever, the determi- nation of the firm to produce goods that should rank supe- rior in the trade, nat only in the quality of material, but the equally important matters of tasteful design and artistic workmanship. To aid them in this determinationthe com- pletest facilities are at hand; drying rooms, where all lumber is duly seasoned before its use, splendid machinery, expert mechanics and an experience of fifty-six years. The com- monest materials, when manufactured by thishouse, assume unique and pleasing shapes, styles in unity with the modern, with the renaissance or with the antique. Much of the ware manufactured is indeed matchless for costly elegance and tasteful composition; of such we may mention, Parlor and Bedroom Suites, Chiffoniers, Escritoires, Cabinets, Easels, Reception and Easy Chairs, Desks, Tables and innumera- ble articles, besides embracing the rarest and most costly materials in wood, silk, brocades, reps, &c, &c. Special attention is directed to the Desks manufactured by this house, a cut of which will be seen elsewhere in this work. These are made of various sizes and at different prices, are elegantly fitted up and finished, and when the lid at'the top is pulled down, all the drawers, &c, are instant- ly locked without the necessity of using eight or ten differ- ent keys. A table is also made by them which can instant- lybe turned into a round or oblong shape, as required, and it is a model of neatness and utility. Large numbers of both have been sold, and the demand has so increased that the firm has had lately to increase its capacity. In fact the art of manufacturing furniture has been brought to a per- fection by the house, which leaves it few compeers, either in this country or in Europe. As a natural result its trade has grown from year to year under favorable as well as generally adverse conditions, until at present it extends over the entire United States, and has even supplied demands from London and Glasgow, points where household decora- tion might have been supposed to have reached its utmost limit. The diversity of the wares manufactured is sudh as to make it almost impossible to issue an illustrated catalogue, the changes and improvements being so numerous. Our readers at a distance, however, may be assured that in the purchase of furniture, their interests will be greatly en- hanced by addressing Messrs. Cutler & Son, and may feel equally confident that in the matter of price, nothing is left to be desired. Our readers are referred to an advertisement elsewhere BEN. UPPER & CO., Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Tobacco, Cigars and Smokers' Materials, Nos. 92 Commercial and 4 Pearl Street. There are a great many nouses in this city which, with- out any ostentation or striving for prominence, yet transact a business of unusual magnitude, and employ capital and labor very extensively. Of such, that of Messrs. B. Upper & Co. is an excellent sample, and is certainly entitled to recognition in this work. The business was established by Mr. TBcnjamin Upper, the senior partner, in 1866, who, com- mencing with very limited resources, gradually increased the trade, until it now extends all over this city and en- virons, and involves the sale of an enormous number of cigars annually, besides large quantities of chewing and smoking tobaccos and smoker? materials generally. In 1876 Mr. C. J. Donovan became a partner in the house, taking charge more especially of the city trade and that which is carried on with retail dealers, who are reached almost daily by means of wagons owned by the house. The premises of the firm are located as above, the build- ing consisting of a substantial edifice 40x60 feet, having three floors and ever}- convenience for the storage of goods and the convenient prosecution of the business. The man- ufactory is located at Newark, N. J., where all goods are manufactured at a fixed rate per thousand; the firm pur- chasing and supplying the necessary stock, of which suffi- cient is kept on hand to last for twelve months. This plan secures a uniformity in all brands that could not otherwise be obtained, and has given, therefore, a celebrity to the goods of this house and occasions a regular demand from dealers and consumers. As a verification of the truth of this statement, our readers have only to try the " C. J. D.," a brand equal to anything made. These cigars are Con- necticut wrapped, with Havana binder and filler, and are certainly very superior and uniform in quality. In fine-cuts the house is equally successful, and monopo- lizes a large share of the lake and canal business during the season. Mr. Henry Klingner has charge of the books and clerical department, in which he is an expert. In every respect the firm is worthy of commendation; reli- able in all transactions, it is the determinntion of its mem- bers to produce the best goods in the market for the money, an effort which has been crowned and rewarded with solid and oermanent success. LAUTZ BROS. & CO., Soap Manufacturers, 24 to 36 Hanover Street, Buffalo, and 13 South Front Street, Philadel- phia, Pa In speaking of the manufacturing enterprises of Buffalo, we have had frequent occasion to comment upon the fact that many of the largest and most opulent concerns in this city have risen from obscure, if not insignificant, beginnings. One of the most striking illustrations of the truth of this statement is found in the house of Messrs. Lautz Bros. 4 Co., which was originally established in 1853 by the late William Lautz, Esq., with the incredibly small capital of five dollars. This gentleman was a native of Germany, where he had acquired a practical as well as a chemical knowledge of his trade, more valuable, as the event proved, than any monetary resources. Coming here in 1853, ac- companied by his sons, J. Adam, Charles, Fred C. M., William, and their mother (all of whom are now partners in the concern, with the exception of William), Mr. Lautz at once applied himself to his vocation, and, assisted by his sons, laid the foundations of the business and acquirod a trade to which great additions were made every year. mm&^m The present plant of the house is situated on Ha«over street, the building occupying a frontage of 130 feet, with a depth of 100 feet, five stories in height, with a finished basement; the floors being connected by three elevators and telephonic communication. The establishment is one of the completest in the country. Six tanks, each haying a capacity of 150,000 pounds, are used in the operation of boiling, besides several smaller ones for the same purpose, and one tank for tallow of the dimensions first given. _ A 90-horse power boiler and a 35-horse power steam engine are required to supply the steam and operate the machinery (for stamping, cutting and other processes) with which the building is replete. Here about one hundred employees are engaged in the various processes of the work, many of which have been devised expressly by the firm for its own exclusive use; while four teams are constantly engaged in hauling materials and transporting the products. Ten trav- eling agents represent the house from Maine to California, and as far south as the Carolinas and Georgia, rolling up an annual business of enormous proportions. The products of the house have been particularly com- mended for their special purity and excellence, qualities which make them of staple value to the trade. Fir-t pre- miums have been awarded Messrs. Lautz Bros. & Co. for the superiority of their goods at numerous competitive ex- aminations. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 77 Of the many brands and varieties manufactured by this house, we call special attention to the following list, which embraces but a small portion of those upon the catalogue: Acme Soap, Master Soap, Ready Soap, Stearine Soap, Mar- seilles Soap, Cotton Oil Soap, Best American Soap, Extra German Soap, Irish Shamrock Soap, Castile Soap, Blue Danube Soap, Laurel Oleine Soap, etc. A minute, detailed account of the manner in which soap is manufactured at this establishment, and the various pro- cesses through which it passes in the cutting, drying, stamp- ing and packing departments, would make useful and enter- taining reading, which the limits of our space forbid. We can only say in conclusion, therefore, that with the numer- ous advantages it possesses, the firm is perfectly able to compete with any of its cotemporaries in the country in the terms and inducements offered to buyers, as well as in the quality of the goods manufactured. For the convenience of the Eastern trade which falls largely to Messrs. Lautz Bros. & Co., they have established a branch house at No. 13 South Front street, Philadelphia, where, in conjunction with Messrs. Wesp, Lautz Bros. & Co., they transact all that business which belongs naturally to the Eastern and export departments of the trade. BANK OF COMMERCE, 18S Main Street. Among the financial institutions of Buffalo none are so young and perhaps none so prosperous as the Bank of Com- merce, in this city, which, established in 1873, under the laws of the State of New York, with a capital of $200,000, has achieved a position of great prominence and usefulness. In verification of the foregoing statement, and taking our facts from a recent report of the Bank to the State Comp- troller, we are enabled to say that the individual deposits alone amount to about $1,575,000, and that the loans and discounts are over $1,500,000. In operation but seven years, it has already accumulated a surplus fund of $120,000, undi- vided profits to the amount of about $25,000, a total which nearly equals the original capital, besides having paid an un- interrupted series of semi-annual dividends at the rate of 10 per cent, per annum, amounting to a total in paid profits of $140,000. From its inception to the present time no changes have taken place, either in the chief executive officers or the Board of Directors, except in one case where Mr. A. D. Stewart was elected to fill the place of John M. Gilbert, Director deceased. The management at present is placed in the hands of Messrs. R. G. Stewart, President ; Thomas Thornton, Vice-President ; and H. G. Nolton, Cashier ; Edward W. Hayes occupying the position of Assistant Cashier, having been elected to his office in 1877. The Board of Directors, besides including the three officers first named, consists of the following gentlemen : George H. Preston, E. T. Evans, W. C. Scovill, James R. Smith, John White and A. D. Stewart, all of whom are well known in connection with the commerce, trade or manufactures of this city. Prosecuting a general business as a Discount and Deposit Bank, collections are made on all points, and Drafts issued upon the chief monetary centers of this country and Europe. Its correspondents are among the most solvent institutions extant, as the following list will show : Bank of New York; National Banking Association ; Union Bank of London, and Bank of Montreal, London, England ; National Ex- change Bank, Boston; Girard National Bank, Philadelphia; American Exchange, National, First National and National Park Bank of New York, Nevada Bank of San Francisco and in Chicago and Canada ; the Canadian Bank of Com- merce, and its thirty-two branch offices Filling an invaluable place in the monetary system of this city, the Bank of Commerce in Buffalo exhibits in itself all the advantages that accrue from an enterprising, liberal and discerning policy, a policy that confers benefits upon others, while in the pursuit of legitimate gain. BROCK & WIENER, Wholesale Clothiers, 188 and 190 Washington St. The extent to which the manufacture of clothing is car- ried on in Buffalo, is of such magnitude as to excite the in- credulity of those not thoroughly acquainted with the vast commercial interest of which this city is the center. Among those manufacturers in this department, who add greatly to the impetus of the trade, we find the house of Brock & Wiener conspicuous, a few words in reference to which are appropriate to these pages. Established in 1865, under its present management, the firm, though commencing operations upon a limited scale, has reached a capacity in its operations worthy of special note. The building occupied by Messrs. Brock n in these pages. This house was founded in 1864, by Messrs. Farrar, Trefts & Knight, under which title it was known till 1869, when, by the retirement of Theodore C. Knight, the style and st.itus changed to that at present employed. When first established, the resources of the firm were far from being so ample as at present, and the facilities were limited, in comparison, to a very narrow compass. Year after year, however, with steady strides, both resources and facil- ities were increased, buildings were added to the plant, inventions made, new machinery introduced, the scope of tr ide and production extended and the house placed upon an equal footing with any of its cotemporaries here or else- where, and endowed with certain special advantages held by itself exclusively. In the manufacture of Boilers for all classes of engines, Marine Machinery and Propeller Wheels, Steam Engines for Oil Producers, Brass Castings, and, in short, mechanism of all kinds, to order, this house has acquired a repute, as the natural outgrowth of superior work, that is neither limited to this city nor State. The establishment, now conducted by this firm, is, as before remarked, extensive; in fact, the most extensive of the kind in Buffalo, the annual out-put doubly exceeding that of any similar concern. The premises occupy nearly an acre, situated on both sides of Perry street, upon which are erected numerous buildings, one of which is of great mag- nitude — three stories high — covering an area of many thou- sand feet, and equipped with the most perfect machinery and mechanical appliances. A systematic sub-division of the work into various departments, viz: Machine Shop, Foundry, Boiler Works, Blacksmith and Pattern Shops, all under competent heads, not only greatly facilitates the prosecution of the business, but secures a higher class of work than would otherwise be possible. In these varied branches of the establishment are employed two hundred and thirty-five men, most of whom are expert mechanics; while the machinery is moved by means of one 80-horse power, low pressure, steam engine, eighteen by twenty. Some of the work executed by Farrar & Trefts is widely noted for both size and excellence, and, in this respect, the machinery of the " Commodore," the largest propeller on the lakes, (owned by the Western Transportation Com- pany), is a striking instance, while through the Eastern and Western States, on the lakes and in Canada, the firm finds a ready demand for its products. The reliability of the machinery turned out by this house, is more assured, from the fact that both partners are accom- plished machanicians. Mr. Chillion M. Farrar is the inven- tor of a reversible steam engine, particularly designed for use in oil and artesian well-boring. It has been in use now for about seven years, and has proved to be the best steam power for that purpose extant, as evidenced by its popularity in the Pennsylvania oil regions. Mr. Farrar, though a native of Detroit, Mich., has been a resident of Buffalo for a third of a cen- tury, and is too well known to make personal remarks either graceful or necessary. Mr. John Trefts has also been indentified with the manufacturing interests of this city during the period of his residence here, which, in duration, equals that of his partner. Originally from Pittsburg, Pa., his practical experience in mechanism has been a widely comprehensive one, which has done no little to promote the prosperity of the house, and foster an industry that has conduced so much to the general welfare of the community. In charge of the books and clerical department, we find Mr. W. H. Johnson, whose acquirements in his vocation are such as to insure the satisfactory transaction of all matters in his charge. We dislike indulging in discriminate commendation, and avoid it; but in this case we have no sort of hesitancy in saying that those who contract relations with this house will meet with just, honorable and liberal treatment in all respects, and secure invariably undoubted values. G. D. BARR, Manufacturer of Pure Oak-Tanned Leather Belting and Hose, 127 and 129 Washington Street. This house has attained an enviable notoriety, among the dealers and manufacturers of the country, for the superior excellence of its Belting and Hose. Succeeding the old house of N. H. Gardner & Co. about six years ago, it at once took a place in the front rank of the very few first-class manufactories of its kind. The factory was destoyed by fire in the Spring of 1879, and in the Fall of the same year a new one, of more than double the size of the old, with new machinery, of the most approved designs, occupied the old site, and was running to its fullest capacity. Pure Oak-Tanned Leather, from the tanneries of Messrs. J. B. Hoyt & Co., is exclusively used in the manufacture of the goods of this establishment. The manufacture of belting is under the immediate super- vision of Mr. George C. Hall, who, with an experience of over twenty-five years, is known throughout the entire trade as a most capable and efficient superintendent. Mr. William Taylor, a veteran fireman, and a first-class mechanic, is in charge of the Hose Department. About twenty-five ope- ratives in nil are employed in this factory. In addition to his business as a manufacturer of Leather Belting and Hose, Mr. Barr is Manufacturer's Agent for the New York Rubber Company, and carries a full stock of BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 9 1 their goods, together with Lace Leather, Rivets, Studs, Hooks, etc., etc. Two traveling agents represent this house in the various cities of the country, and the aggregate sales foot up $150,- 000 per annum. For twenty-five years a resident of Buffalo, and identified with its interests, Mr. Barr needs no commendation at our hands. His reputation as a straightforward and honorable man, and enterprising merchant, is too well known. F. S. PEASE, Manufacturer and Refiner of illuminating and Lubricating Oils, at Wholesale and Retail, Noe. 65 and 67 Main Street, and 82, 84 and 86 Washington Street. Warehouse on Maryland Street. There are some few houses in Buffalo that have devel- oped such enterprise, and become so pre-eminent in their several vocations, as to have made themselves not only celebrated over a large part of the civilized world, but, at the same time, advertised this city as a manufacturing center in a manner that would have been otherwise impos- sible. Prominent among such concerns, we must give an hon- orable position to the house of Mr. F. S. Pease, which ranks, in the production of oils, illuminating, lubricating and for special purposes in the arts and sciences, second to no other concern in the United States, or perhaps in the w.orld. It is certain, in any event, that the goods manufactured by Mr. Pease have defeated all competition in many close competitive examinations, as proved by the medals awarded him at the International Exposition. London, 1862; Paris, 1867; Vienna, 1873; Santiago, 1875; Philadelphia, 1876; and again at Paris, 1878; where he received the only gold medal to the United States, in class forty-seven. The premises for the transaction of this business are nec- essarily extensive, and comprise a block of three stores, several hundred feet in length, fronting on two streets, Main and Washington, and four stones high, (where are employed from twenty-five to thirty operatives and assist- ants) in addition to which a warehouse, on Maryland street, affords storage facilities for one thousand barrels or more. This establishment is the center, from which is transacted a business in Artists' Materials, Paints, Colors, Oils, Varnish , Glass, etc., of no inconsiderable importance, while the trade in Oils, Illuminating and Lubricating, especially the latter, is such as to attract attention and excite particular remark. Since 1848, when the house was founded by its present proprietor, Mr. Pease, from that period, has devoted him- self to the scientific investigation of the anti-friction prop- erties of oils, involving questions relating to the exact chemical value of the various oils as lubricators, the effects derived by the mixture or blending of certain oils, and their precise action upon iron, steel, brass, bronze, carbon bronze, Babbetts' metal and composition bearings. In this field of practical investigation, Mr. Pease is, perhaps, more at home than any man living, and has accumulated a store of facts, from his wide experience and researches, that enables him to state, with mathematical accuracy, not only the amount of oil required to overcome a certain given amount of fric- tion, but to positively demonstrate the value of each oil with reference to each class of bearings, and prescribe, with unfailing certainty, the "lubricator to be used in every case. Such information is the most valuable capital for the manufacturer of anti-friction oils, and this capital, in the possession of Mr. Pease, has produced results at once remarkable in character and extended in usefulness. During the Centennial Exposition, at Philadelphia, the duty was assigned Mr. Pease of furnishing the oil used for lubricating all the mechanism in the entire exhibition, and for six months that vast reflex of the mechanical genius of theNineteenth Century, was kept in motion without a hot box, journal or bearing. Such a complete success in the nullification of friction attracted no little attention at the time, and caused many investigations to be made on the part of foreign engineers, chemists and savants, who resorted continually to Mr. Pease for information and prac- tical, as well as theoretical, details in regard to the proper- ties and principles of scientific lubrication. In the French International Exposition, Paris, 1878, the bouse was represented by Frank P. Pease, and the same brilliant supremacy over all other anti-friction agents was achieved by the Pease Oils, a fact not only substantiated by the only gold medal awarded for the class, but by the gratu- itous endorsement of the Hon. Thomas R. Pickering, Superintendent of the United States Department of Machin- ery, who was obliged to abandon the use of French oils on the main shafting, which caused constant delays on account of over-heating, and resort to the Pease Oils, after which every difficulty vanished. Through the force of absolute superiority and economy, a wide demand has been created for the goods, which are in use exclusively on fifteen railroads in the United States alone, large quantities being exported for the use of Euro- pean roads and other consumers, for whose convenience permanent agencies have been established in London, Copenhagen and Norway. The list of goods manufactured by Mr. Pease is so exten- sive that our space will not admit of its introduction, and for further information in this respect we refer the reader to his catalogue, which is sent upon application. In conclusion, we must say, as a matter of simple justice, and without the slightest intention of laudation, that the enterprise established by Mr. Pease, in this city, has not only been highly promotive of its industrial thrift, but has been managed and conducted upon the basis of business princi- ples so honorable and straightforward as to have secured for the house and its founder an esteem as justly as it is rarely acquired. J. B. SLATER, Imported and Domestic Wines. Liquors and Cigars, No. 333 Main Street. In mentioning the Liquor trade of Buffalo, we would not willingly omit reference to the house of Mr. J. B. Slater, which, for more than three years, has been known as a fa- vorite resort, both for consumers and retail dealers. As an Importer of Wines, Liquors and Cigars, Mr. Slater has an experience and foreign connection that enables him to offer special advantages to Jobbing buyers, and at the same time guarantee goods entirely free from adulteration. The business premises embrace the warerooms, divided into the wholesale and retail departments. Here the public may rely upon procuring fine articles in the way of Choice Whiskies and the best brands of Cigars — especially in the former — Mr. Slater being sole agent in Buffalo for the cele- brated Whisky of Messrs. Rosskam, Gerstley & Co., of Philadelphia, which is considered by connoisseurs equal to the most favorite old brands. Honorable as well as liberal in dealing, we commend the house of Mr. Slater to the attention of the trade, believing that his facilities, goods and terms are sure to be found de- sirable and highly satisfactory. D. C. WELCH & CO., Wholesale Lumber, S. W. Corner Michigan and Green Streets. The enterprise that has been directed to the establish- ment of a considerable Lumber Trade in this city, aided by an unrivalled position with reference to cheap water trans- portation, and a location immediately between the supply and demand, has proved eminently successful, so much so indeed as to have made the Lumber interests one of the most important in promoting the industrial thrift of the community. Many of the houses engaged in this department of trade have become widely known for the colossal magnitude of their operations, and the ease with which they compete with all their cotemporaries, East or West, as well as the consequent advantages accorded buyers in this market. Of such houses that of Messrs. D. C. Welch & Co. is not only one of the most conspicuous, but possesses facilities for conducting an extensive trade not surpassed, if equalled by any other concern. The firm was established in 1876 bv the association of D. C. Welch and J. F. Behn, under the above title, both partners having had a previous experience in the Lumber trade of a comprehensive character. They possess large tracts of timber land at Tawas, in Alcona County, Michigan, where millions of feet are pro- duced annually. During the present season three camps of men are engaged in the work of cutting and hauling logs on this territory, at an expense of over $500 per week, while the disbursements in Buffalo for labor amount to $350, or about $1,500 per month. Various yards are required in this city for the storage of a stock which amounts to over five million feet of Lumber, most of which is thoroughly cured and seasoned. One of these yards is located on Ganson street, in the rear of J. F. DeWitts' Planing Mill; another on Ganson street, at the terminus of the Blackwell Canal; another on Spaulding & Bennett's Dock, Erie Basin. These yards are necessarily of great extent, and suitably placed to facilitate receipts or shipments by lake, rail or ca- nal, besides which there are, of course, vast yards at Tawas, (where also is located the saw-mill, owned and operated by 9 2 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. the Company,) which contain at present not much less than four million feet of Lumber. As an evidence of the resources of Messrs. Welch & Co., it may be said that during the past year their transactions involved the production, handling and sale of twenty-three million feet of Lumber, an amount involving the expendi- ture of labor and capital to an extent, perhaps, not immedi- ately apparant. Of the individual members of the firm we may say that Mr. Welch is a native of this city, born in 1827, while, though originally from Hamburg, Germany, Mr. J. F. Behn has resided in this city for more than a quarter of a century, and is in his fiftieth year. The clerical departments are in charge of Mr. R. Herrick, book-keeper, assisted by Mr. E. Moisenac, both of whom are experts in their vocation. The trade of the house extends largely over the Eastern states, this city and surroundings, and gives proof of rapid annual increase. In every way the firm is in a position to advance the in- terests of its customers as well as increase and develop the natural resources pertaining to the Queen City of the Lakes. J. F. STROHMAIER, Copper, Tin and Sheet-Ikon Worker; Lamps, Oil Etc., 8 Pearl Street. Engaged in the above trade, at the address given, we find Mr. J. F. Strohmaier, who carries on a business as a practical worker and dealer in Copper, Tin and Sheet-Iron. In addition to this a stock of Coal Oil Lamps, Burners, Wicks, Coal or Petroleum Oil, Wooden Ware, Plain and Jap- anned Tin Ware, Stove Pipe, Elbows, etc., is to be found. The goods are all of first-rate quality, made under the personal supervision of the proprietor, and offered to the public at very moderate prices. The premises occupied by Mr. Strohmaier are located as above, in the United States Hotel Block, and consist of a first floor and basement, covering an area of twenty by fifty feet. Here are employed several hands in carrying on the work, which is principally done with canal, boat and lake men, as well as local customers. Special attention is paid to Roofing, Gutter, Conductor and Job Work, as well as Lamp Repairing, Stove Repairing, and all that general jobbing which usually pertains to a business of this kind. Mr. Strohmaier is a native of Germany, but came to this country in 1865, and has resided in Buffalo since that time. He learned his business here, has a thorough knowledge of it, does a pretty large trade, and has met with good encour- agement since starting business on his own account. We are safe in saying, that any work in his line, which may be entrusted to him, will be carried out faithfully and to the satisfaction of all parties concerned. BANK OF ATTICA, Corner of Pearl and West Seneca Streets. Of all those fiduciary institutions which are now in exist- ence and operation in Erie County, the Bank of Attica is the oldest, having been established in the village of Attica, N. Y., in 1836, and re-established in Buffalo six years later. Re-organized and incorporated under the Banking Laws of the State of New York in 1850, with a capital of $160,000, the institution pursued a career of usefulness and prosperity, increasing its operations to such an extent that on June 1st, 1856, the capital stock was increased to $200,000, which, at a subsequent meeting of the Directors on Oct. 24th of the same year, was further augmented to $250,000, and a sur- plus fund created of $80,000. A detailed history of this organization, with an account of its trials, its triumphs, and the minutiae of its manage- ment, would portray very strikingly the financial fluctua- tions of this community, and reflect very fully the story of its commercial and manufacturing developments. Though in operation for nearly half a century, it will be found that the interests of this institution have been and are most inti- mately allied to the progress and prosperity of this com- munity, and that its. policy throughout has been such as to promote so far as consistent with its own solvency, the gen- eral thrift and well-being. The conservative basis upon which it was originally orga- nized has never been impaired, and the principles which were laid down for its guidance forty-four years ago by its most prominent founder and President, G. B. Rich, have been sedulously adhered to by his son, Andrew J. Rich, who succeeded to the position upon the retirement of his father, and Mr. G. Barret Rich, grandson of the founder, who succeeded his father to the onerous duties of the man- agement as Vice-President, a position incumbent upon him at the present time. By a late quarterly report to the State Comptroller we observe that the loans and discounts of the Bank amount to over $900,000, that the deposits have reached the sum of $772,000, and that the accumulated and unpaid profits reach in round numbers $42,000. Conducting a general Banking business in Loans, Depos- its, Collections, Exchange and Call Advances, the Bank enjoys all the facilities for the transaction of its operations that only time and experience could give. Among its cor- respondents we note the following eminent institutions: Metropolitan Nationalrjank of New York, New York State National Bank of Albany, Merchants' National Bank of Chicago, Fourth National Bank of St. Louis, First National Bank of Cincinnati, with the first-named of which it has held relations for over forty years. The Board of Directors is composed of gentlemen too in- timately known in connection with the finances and trades of this city to require extended personal remark. They are as follows: G. Barret Rich, Vice-President; F. L. Danforth, Cashier; A. J. Rich, Hon E. G. Spaulding and George S. Hazard, ex-Presidents. Of these Hon. E. G. Spaulding is well known to every financier in the country as the father of the National Greenback Act; Mr. Danforth, before assum- ing his present position, was, for a quarter of a century, Cashier in the well-known house of Pratt & Co., while Mr. G. S. Hazard was President of the Bank from 1873 t0 1 879> In all respects the management is a representative of the monetary acumen of this city, enhancing annually the con- sideration with which the institution is universally regarded. E. O. WILLIAMS, Marbleized Slate Mantels, Etc., 36 and 38 East Eagle Street. The business, of which Mr. Ellis O. Williams is now the sole proprietor, was established in August, 1873. He manufactures Marbleized Slate Mantels, a substitute for real marble, at much less cost and greater beauty, and deals in, and puts up, Grates with Mantels, Brackets, Shelves, etc. He occupies two stories and basement, at 36 and 38 East Eagle street, the latter being used for the manufacturing department, and the upper floors for show-room and storage. The business is one that combines beauty with utility, and the artistic design and finish of the goods manufactured are chaste and beautiful in the highest degree, and when fitted up, impart a palatial appearance 01 splendour to the apartments, which is truly magnificent. Marbleized Base Boards and Wainscoting in Panel for parlors, dining and drawing-rooms, also for staiiways, etc., conveys a degree of elegance to the residence that cannot be approached or imitated by anything else in the way of ornament or decor- ative art. He is the inventor of the Marbleized Slate Casket, which is elegant in construction and imperishable in its nature. Mr. Williams has always on hand Table, Bureau and Wash-stand Tops, and likewise does a considerable business in Remarbling Soiled Marble, Mantels, etc. The trade done is principally in the city and surroundings, where he finds many appreciative patrons, who have a taste for the elegant and an eye for the beautiful. CHARLES L. ABEL, Importer, Wholesale and Retal Dealer in Wines, Liquors, Cigars and Fine Groceries, 16 Ohio St. In reviewing the manufactures and commerce of this city, there are other interests, so closely allied to and essential to the promotion of that part of the commerce of Buffalo, that has its connection with the lake traffic, as to make them appropriate subjects for comment, not only on account of their general usefulness to the community, but, also, as being particularly interesting and available to the great mass of people engaged upon and about the lake, canals and harbor. Of such houses as are largely engaged in this relation, that of Mr. Charles L. Abel is, in its line, the most con- spicuous and reliable. Established as long ago as 1845, by Mr. Abel, the house has become the leading one contiguous to the wharves in furnishing Groceries, Teas and Ship Culinary Supplies, and the finest brands of Bourbon, Monongahela and Rye Whis- kies, Brandies, Wines, Gin and Malt Liquors, while in the line of fine Domestic and Imported Cigars his stock is always complete, showing the greatest care in selecting, etc. As agent for the Pommery & Greno Champagne, all acquainted with the superior merits of this brand will at once appreci- ate the value of knowing that the genuine article can here be procured, as Mr. Abel imports this, with other foreign wines, direct from the manufacturers. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 93 The assortment of the goods named is never allowed to •diminish, nor seldom runs, below a value of about eighteen thousand dollars, and for their storage and display is utilized a four-story building, twenty-two by sixty-six feet, with a cellar, well fitted up for storing those goods requir- ing an even temperature. In pure and reliable liquors and wines for medicinal and family use, this house commands a large city and lake trade, and, in a wholesale way, is known and patronized through nearly every State in the Union; and in fine goods, dealers and retailers will find it difficult to duplicate the goods or prices at any other point. Having resided is Buffalo since 1837, in which year he came here from his native place, Elizabethtown, Essex county, this State, Mr. Abel has not only gained for him- self a reputation in his business connections, but is regarded with the utmost respect by all who Know him for those prin- ciples that accord with the reliable tradesman and worthy citizen. It is a fact worthy of note, Just here, and one which reflects great credit, not only upon Mr. Abel personally, but upon the entire city as such, that Mr. L. C. Abel was the first person in Western New York, and only second in the State, to volunteer the loan of money to the United States Government in the troublsome days during 1862, and before the issue of any bonds by the Government, taking from " Uncle Sam " his receipt only, and loaning his money to a then doubtful debtor, without solicitation; an act of patriot- ism which should meet with not only the endorsement, but the warmest praise from not only Buffalonians, but the whole country. MRS. DR. L. BROAD, Drugs and Medicines, 329 Washington Street. The reputation of Mrs. Dr. Broad is widely and favor- ably known as a highly successful practicing Physician and Surgeon, of over twenty-four years experience. This talented lady is a native of this State, having been born in Springville. In early life Mrs. Broad, with a lauda- ble ambition, resolved to study medicine as a profession, and by undaunted perseverance, close study and steady application, she educated herself up to a high standard of professional knowledge, that now ranks her as an authority in special cases, as well as a skillful surgical practicioner. This eminence has been gained not by mere study alone, but by a practical application in some of the leading hospit- als in the country. Mrs. Broad has been fourteen years in Buffalo, and for thirteen years of this time she has been established in the drug business, where, in addition to making up prescrip- tions, etc., she sells her own preparations, which have attained a great reputation for their efficiency. Her Pain Cure, Stomach Bitters and Pills, and her Patent Fum- igating Disinfectant have a great sale, and the particular merits of each meet with a general acknowledgement from an appreciative public. These medicines, etc., are her own inventions, and she manufactures them herself, and the evidences she has received from all parts of the country are overwhelming in respect to their invaluable curative qual- ities. The Disinfectant has been acknowledged, by the profession generally, as being always used with the most gratifying and satisfactory results, and taking precedence of all other disinfectants known. During the cholera epidemic in St. Louis, in 1867, it was extensively used in the hospitals, as well as in private families, and hundreds of testimonials and certificates which have been received from eminent physicians and others go to show that it possesses merits for the prevention of malignant diseases and for destroy- ing foul odors, greatly in advance of any other deodorizer in use. The drug store occupies one floor, at 329 Washington street, and is well stocked with a full line of general Drugs, Toilet Articles, Trusses, Supporters, Syringes, and every- thing appertaining to this class of business. She keeps one assistant, and does an extensive local trade, having besides a large professional practice among those who have full confidence in her talents and abilities. HOFFELD & GEISSLER, Tanners and Dealers in Leather, Hides, Etc., No. 72 Exchange Street. We have had occasion before, in the editorial portion of this work, to remark upon the peculiar advantages enjoyed by Buffalo as a point for the manufacture of leather, and the cheap transportation of the same within the radius of its commerce. Engaged in this industry, we note the house of Hoffeld & Geissler as an important one, having been established since 1864 as manufacturers of Leather, and large dealers in Leather and Hides. Commencing operations on a limited scale, the business of the house has gradually increased until the annual trans- actions now reach half a million dollars, in fact their opera- tions in Hides, Sheep Pelts and Furs are larger than those of any other house of this city, consignments being received from all parts of the West, including Colorado, New Mexico and Texas. The proprietors of the Lancaster tannery, an extensive plant containing over two hundred vats, and situated about ten miles from this city, the firm employs at that point upwards of twenty hands in the manufacture of Sole Leather alone. The Buffalo establishment, which is located at No. 72 Exchange and 43 Carroll streets, is also of large extent, with rear building four stories high and about 25x200 feet in area, used for the storage and sale of Hides, Leather, Sheep Pelts and other goods, such as Oil, Sumac, etc. Owing to the exertions constantly made by Hoffeld & Geissler to produce a superior quality of Leather, a trade has been established throughout most of the northern states, mainly through the East and West, while within the past few years a considerable foreign demand, both in Eng- land and Germany, has taxed the resources of the house to their utmost capacity. It is interesting to note the different qualities of Hides in their appearance and make-up. In the warehouses of this firm may be seen the large, plump, stretched Hide from Southern Texas, the short, trimmed Hide of the Indian Forts, the more rough-looking Colorado, and the heavy Mountain Hide from the San Juan country. The Sheep Pelts of New Mexico, with their coarse, hairy wool, the im- proved Colorado Pelts, and the fine Wool Pelts of Michigan and Ohio, lie side by side, while the kid and the goat of the Southwest furnish their Skins to swell the sales of this Buffalo house. While the above-named Hides are of the dry flint persua- sion, the firm's cellars, both on Carroll and Exchange streets, are filled with green salted Hides from our own State and its western neighbors, as well as Canada. The business of the firm, we are happy to learn, both in their Commission, Hide and Pelt line, as well as in their Leather trade, is prosperous and increasing. BUFFALO SCALE COMPANY. Scales of all Kinds. Among the largest scale works in the world must be reck- oned those of the Buffalo Scale Company, which are located on Exchange street, near Chicago, in this city. Here scales of every description and for every practical use are manufac- tured, with a facility that not only supplies the large de- mands throughout the States, but in quantities sufficient to fill orders for shipment to South America, the West Indies, England, Russia, Spain, China and other foreign countries, the foreign demand being largely on the increase. Scales of all kinds, sizes and capacity are manufactured by the Company, frowi the small postal scales, or letter balances, from one- quarter of an ounce to the one hundred-ton railroad-track scales, which have received such high testimonials from the various railroad officials throughout the country. Scales of intermediate capacity, suitable for the counter, and in con- stant use by the druggist, the grocer, the cheese factor and other tradesman, are in great demand; also Rolling Mill Scales, Wheelbarrow Scales, Pork and Grain Scales, Port- able Warehouse Scales, and scales adapted for the weighing of hay, coal and stock; in short, all sizes and varieties are manufactured at the works, and are guaranteed to give ' every satisfaction to the purchaser. The works on Exchange street have a frontage of two hundred feet, and the building runs through the block. About one hundred men are employed on the premises, all skillful mechanics, every portion of the work being con- structed on scientific principles, and with the best materials; all the machinery in use being very exact, and specially adapted to the work in hand. A 40-horse power steam engine governs and gives power to the machinery. Several very important patented improvements, such as the Patent Combination Beam, Patent Boston Market Scales, Patent Testing Machines, etc., form but a portion of the many specialties which characterize the enterprise of this import- ant firm. The officers of the Company consist of John R. Linen, President; L. Chesnutwood, Treasurer; A. A. Houghton, Secretary; and J. H. Usher, Mechanical Superintendent; who conduct and control the management of the business, ■which has now been before the public for over twenty years, during all of which time their scales have never failed to realize the high reputation they have attained for all the qualities which constitute a reliable standard of 94 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. weight. The highest premiums have been awarded them, and they have received numerous medals and diplomas at the various State Fairs and Mechanics' Institutes, as well as at all the International Industrial Exhibitions. At the Cen- tennial Exhibition of 1876 they were awarded Medals of Honor and Certificates of Merit, and were the only scales there which challenged competition and submitted to the test. The Company are now making over two hundred and fifty distinct modifications, and have a reputation second to no other manufactory in the world. They have a large capital; and all scales manufactured are of the best material, are easy working, and indicate the weight of goods rapidly and with positive correctness. This, combined with their elegant finish, makes them more desirable than any other goods of the same class turned out by most other manu- facturers. There is no branch of business in which accuracy and unquestionable reliability are more essential or indispensible than this. And while the Buffalo Scale Company can boast of beauty in design and finish, and adaptation in construc- tion, meeting all the requirements of the public in the varied modifications of make in their scales, yet superior and prominent over all is the established fact that Accuracy has been the "chief corner stone " upon which they have built a world-wide reputation and colossal business. THE TRADERS AND MANUFACTURERS' COM- MERCIAL UNION, Corner Maim and North Division Streets. There is no one subject in the whole category of human events of more vital importance to the business community at large than that of a highly perfected system for the proper collection of accounts, and a thoroughly competent bureau for the investigation into the merits of parties to a contract. Thus, in the interests of justice, giving to each and every man protection from fraud at the hands of the wily swind- ler, and the opportunity for a thorough knowledge of the merits and demerits of all those with whom his business brings him in contact. The more perfect the sys- tem, the greater the protection; the more extended the territory embraced, the greater the number of people who can be benefitted thereby. Prominent among the few reliable organizations instituted with the above named object in view, stands " The Traders and Manufacturers' Commercial Union." Having a corres- pondent, or local manager, in every city and town through- out the whole United States and Canada, and having over six thousand of the first commercial lawyers scattered over the length and breadth of our land, organized for united effort in the interests of the business men of this country, and having, also, over four thousand reliable banks and bankers as correspondents and mediums for collections, " The Trad- ers and Manufacturers' Commercial Union" offers unrivalled facilities for the faithful, quick and reliable transaction of the business of its patrons, and, therefore, demands a liberal portion of the patronage of our merchants and busi- ness men generally. Buffalo is denominated the Central Office of this associa- tion, for the reason of its central location, being midway between the Eastern and Western and the Northern and Southern extremities of the vast business territory embraced within its limits. Easily accessible from all points by mail or telegraph, it is an admirable point from which to direct the movements of every portion of this powerful combi- nation. There was never a time when the need of such institutions was so great as now. The vast impetus, recently given to business, caused by the confidence that we had arrived at a basis of stability in values, is taxing the manufacturer and jobber to the utmost, and he is necessarily giving larger credit than heretofore, and, finding new customers, with the financial strength arid character of whom he should make himself thoroughly acquainted, and the best medium through which to do this is " The Traders' and Manufac- turers Commercial Union." THE GERMAN BANK OF BUFFALO, Corner Main and Lafayette Streets. In looking over a comparative statement of the institu- tions of a financial character doing business in Buffalo, we find them, in comparison with the same class of organiza- tions elsewhere, solvent, prosperous and useful, to the larg- est degree. The German Bank of Buffalo, which was organized under the State Law in 1S71, with a cash capital of one hundred thousand dollars, is nc exception to this rule, its growing prosperity being clearly marked by the report of the State Su- perintendent of the Bank Department, from which we ascer- tain as follows : First — That on December 14th, 1S78, the demand deposits amounted to $372,000, the surplus fund being $20,000 ; on March 20th, 1880, the demand deposits exceede 1 ! $600,000, the surplus fund had reached $30,000, and the undivided profits amounted to nearly $17,000. Second — In addition to the class of deposits just men- tioned, the last report quoted shows that the sums credited to banks and bankers amounted to over $97,000, an exhibit which fully demonstrates the confidence reposed in this in- stitution by its cotemporaries. Transacting a general banking business in Loans, Dis- counts, Deposits and Collections throughout the United States and Canada, foreign exchange and the purchase and sale of Gold, Securities, and Foreign Coin and Bank Notes, the facilities of the German Bank for Collection are said to be unsurpassed, rates reasonable and returns promptly ac- counted for. The Eastern correspondents of the Bank are, the German- American Bank and the Hanover National Bank, of New York, drawing bills direct on all parts of Europe. The Corporators of the German Bank are as follows : F. Augustus Georger, Philip Becker, J. F. Schoellkopf, Jacob Dold, Philip Houck, Rudolph Hoffeld and Francis C. Brunck, all of whom are still connected with the institu- tion as officers or directors, with the exception of Philip Becker and Francis C. Brunck, who were succeeded some years ago by John Hauenstein and Albert Ziegele. The chief executive officers, F. Augustus Georger, Presi- dent ; and Philip Houck, Vice-President; are men of wide experience in financial matters, while Eugene H. Georger, Cashier, is well known as an expert in his position. With a management of such marked capacity — with a net surplus of $30,000 — the German Bank of Buffalo may be re- garded as eminently successful, both in the policy with which it is conducted, and the confidence and consideration which it has universally inspired. HENRY CHANDLER, Relief-Line Engraver and Electrotyper, No. 3, Lewis Block, Swan and Washington Streets. Perhaps no industry is more indispensable than that which pertains to the art of the engraver, and the produc- tion of maps, diagrams and illustrations of all desciptions for scientific or simply commercial purposes. Engaged in this department, of what may be called the trade arts, the business of Mr. H. Chandler has been estab- lished for almost thirty years, having been commenced in 1851. in connection with the Commercial Advertiser, and so continuing for ten years, when Mr. E. R. Jewett became associated with Mr. Chandler, this copartnership ending in 1875, since which time Mr. Chandler has pursued his voca- tion alone. The premises are located at No. 3, Lewis Block, at the corner of Swan and Washington streets, the office being on the second floor, and the work rooms in the fourth story. Mr. Chandler has executed some of the most extensive and BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 95 elaborate works published, and a larger amount of miscel- laneous engraving than has been done by any similar estab- lishment, including Maps, Diagrams and Illustrations accompanying Military, Topographical, Geological, Meteor- ological, Patent, Smithsonian and other reports published by the Government; Maps for the leading School Geograph- ies; Mural, State, County, City, Railway and other Maps; six thousand illustrations for Knight's American Mechanical Dictionary, etc. It is owing, greatly, to the efforts and researches of Mr. Chandler that the Relief-Line process of engraving has been brought to its present wonderful state of perfection, being conclusively regarded as the best, most prompt and economic method of producing plates in the lines indicated. Printers, publishers, patentees, manufacturers, authors and railway managers will find it greatly to their interest to examine the facilities of Mr. Chandler, and the many ad- vantages to be derived from his methods, and that extended experience, which is a guarantee of satisfaction in all cases. For thirtcun years employed upon illustrations for the L'nited States Patent Office reports, it is not a matter of surprise that Mr. Chandler has extended his business over a wide radius, reaching the most remote points in the country, as well as engrossing a large portion of the local trade in this line. Besides being an expert in his chosen profession, he is the inventor and manufacturer of the celebrated Chandler Hydraulic Engine, designed for operating large church organs, elevators and light machinery of every description. It is in many respects, for such purposes, the best hydraulic engine extant, and provides the cheapest and safest available motor. A native of Springfield, Mass., but a resident of Buffalo since 1851, Mr. Chandler, as an earnest worker and practical inventor, has achieved a repute which entitles him, very justly, to the consideration of which he is the object. Our readers at a distance, concerned in any way in the work of Mr. Chandler, or desirous of obtaining figures for all descriptions of such work, would do well to address him on the subject, and with implicit reliance upon not only receiving prompt attention, but such treatment as is consis- tent with the most honorable business principles. PETER HOFFMAN, Millinery, 197 and 201 Genesee Street. Mr. Hoffman owns the building 197 and 201 Genesee street, which he occupies as a Millinery Store. The house and lot is 50x200, and the building and location are highly favorable for doing a large and remunerative business. A native of Germany, where he was born in 1847, he came to Buffalo in 1855, when quite young, and in 1869 he bought out Mrs. Bott, who was his predecessor in the business. Beginning with small capital he has been enabled to in- crease it largely and extend his connection, until now he. carries stock and does a trade of sufficient magnitude to bring his establishment prominently forward among other houses in the line. Mr. Hoffman employs from elgtu t0 ten hands, and manu- factures all his own goods, which are acknowledged to be equal to any in the market, as regards quality, price and workmanship. He generally carries from tnree to four thousand aouars worth of stock, and the business done, which is principally in Buffalo and surrounding towns, is Correspondingly large. W. D. ROBINSON, Notary Public, Surveyor, &c, 5 Main Street. In a maritime port like Buffalo it is to be expected that a large amount of business should be done in connection with sea risks beyond that which is more particularly associated with Insurance ; and to be a Surveyor and Adjuster of Marine Losses, which is the professional occupation of Mr. \V. D. Robinson, requires more than ordinary experi- ence and_ knowledge of Naval Architecture and general construction of vessels. Mr. Robinson, however, possesses all the requisite quali- fications in an eminent degree, having had an experience of many years on the Lakes, which has given him a thorough knowledge of shipping, and the many and varied interests involved in connection with it. Mr. Robinson is a native of England, having heen born there in 1818. He came to this country in 1822, and has been a resident of Buffalo since 1834, since which time he has been identified with maritime interests, and the ship- ping trade generally. In 1858 he discontinued sailing, and became engaged in connection with various Insurance Com- ; panies as Adjuster of Losses, etc.; but for the last seven years he has been in the business on his own account, in the same line. He is one of the oldest and most experienced Adjusters in the city, being peculiarly qualified for the re- sponsible duties connected with Marine Losses by a length- ened experience, and a thoroughly practical knowledge df everything appertaining to shipping in all its bearings. Mr. Robinson makes Adjustments from every port of the Lakes, and has the full and entire confidence of all parties by whom his services are retained. He likewise does a con- siderable business as a Notary Public and Public Sur- veyor, and his office at 5 Main street (up-stairs) is largely patronized by a numerous class of clients, when occasion necessitates their having to consult with him professionally, or otherwise engage his services. As an evidence of the high consideration accorded his abilities, " The Inland Lloyds," of the Chain of Lakes, from Chicago to Quebec, including American and Canadian Insurance Companies, have appointed him their General Inspector, and procured his services for compiling their register for the classification of vessels. WILLIAM H. BORK, Book Binding, Blank Books, Etc., 255 to 259 Wash- ington Steet. The large business done in book binding and manufactur- ing blank books in the very eligible premises, which occupy the third floor of the building from 255 to 259 Washington street, is now run by Mr. W.H. Bork, who is sole proprietor. It was originally started by Nauert & Engel about 1850^ then the style was changed to Nauert, Engel & Co. which was succeeded by Henry Nauert alone, and after- wards by Nauert & Bork, then by W. H. Bork & Co. In 1873 the " Co." was dropped, since which time Mr. Bork has had the business entirely in his own hands and under his sole control. _ The business premises are large and spacious, measuring sixty by eighty feet, and are fitted up with a full and com- plete stock of machinery for the peculiar requirements of the trade, including Cutting, Ruling and Embossing Machines, Paging and Numbering Machines, Standing Presses, and eyeletting Machines, forputting together calen- dars, etc., and all other requisites necessary for doing first- class work, for which there is a large and constantly increas- ing trade, which gives regular employment to from twenty to twenty-five hands; the business now being as large as was formerly that of Nauert & Bork, which was divided in April, 1873, a "d now amounts in the aggregate to from twelve to thirteen thousand dollars per annum. The value of the stock and machinery is about ten thousand dollars, the latter being all modern, and with the most recent and improved appliances, specially adapted for this class of business. Mr. Bork is a native of Buffalo, and has had an experi- ence of seventeen years in this class of industry. His trade is principally in the city, where he has a justly high reputa- tion for his various trade specialties and his general business capacity. THE EMPIRE STATE MANUFACTURING CO., O. F. Swift, Proprietor ; Manufacturer of Fluters, Sad Irons, etc., and Nickel Ptater, Corner Ohio and Washington Streets. Among Buffalo's manufacturing concerns, there are some whose influence are of the most salutary character. The Empire State Manufacturing Company is fully enti- tled to recognition as one of these, and a brief resume of its enterprise is considered not inappropriate in this work. Organized during the Spring of the present year, as the successor of the Washburne Manufacturing Co., under the sole proprietorship of Mr. O. F. Swift, it at once began a more useful career than its predecessor, having acquired a new impetus under the present management; and in the manufacture of a large line of Fluters, Sad-irons and House Hardware of every description, in all kinds of small wares of new, unique and salable designs, now stands at the head of the trade in this line of manufacture. The works, or mechanical department, is under the imme- diate supervision of Mr. William Warwick, late of Pittsburg, Pa. an inventor, of marked genius and ability, and a me- chanic, who, with many years' experience, sees that each article produced by the house is perfectly finished, and of the best of the kind for the purpose for which it is intended. The works are equipped with the most complete apparatus for Polishing and Nickel Plating, and the Company find its services in urgent request by manufacturers of light iron castings, stove founders and manufacturers of house hard- ware, fire-irons, grates, railings, fenders, etc., and in this re- spect are prepared to execute Polishing and Nickel Plating in the best manner and promptly. 9 6 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. JOSEPH SCHENK, Designer and Engraver, Corner Seneca and Wash- ington Streets. As it is quite impossible to give a translation of a work of genius without the author's fire, so it is essential to a good engraver that he should feel and understand the char- acter of his original, and be so thoroughly initiated into the art that his copy may not only be correct, but in a man- ner inspired; and it requires a high talent of genius to com- bine ir. one person the necessary requisites of both designer and engraver. Mr. Schenk, however, whose offices are located opposite the Post-Office, at the corner of Washington and Seneca Streets, is an artist who has a high reputation as a designer and engraver, both upon wood and metal, and his skill in both is that which belongs to one who produces work bear- ing upon its surface the impress of an artistic hand. Al- though it is now only three years since Mr. Schenk started business, he has had a rapid increase, and has at the present time five hands employed; his reputation not only having a local recognition, but extending all through the Western States. He possesses all the tools and necessary machinery used in the business, and is now acknowledged to be one of the leading engravers in the city, doing first-class work, and employing, perhaps, more hands than any other house. His engravings of mechanical apparatus and machinery, also label work, are a specialty with him, and the attention of manufacturers of agricultural machinery is particularly called to this fact. Nothing leaves his hands but what can be referred to with credit. And all entrusting their orders to him by mail or otherwise, may rely upon entire satisfaction in every instance. He was brought up in this city, and learned his business here, and his eleven years' experience have been sufficient to class him among the leading artists in the line. R. HOFFELD, & CO., Manufacturers (Under Gingras' Patent) of Leather Belting and Hose ; Store, 72 Exchange Street; Factory, 840 Seneca Street. Of those industrial interests that have done so much to promote the commercial and manufacturing prosperity of this city, the leather business is conspicuously important as bei.iti highlv productive of the general wealth and well-being. Succ being the case, every firm and individual enterprise engaged in this branch of commerce is entitled to consider- ation in this volume, and of such, the house of R. Hoffeld & Co. must not be omitted. '1 he premises of this concern are situated at Nos. 840 to 8so Seneca street- the plant being an extensive one, adjoined by the tannery on the same lot. Here the belt factory occu- pies two stories alone, and as manufacturers of "Gingras' Patent Belting," which is fastened with a sort of double- pointed tack at the ends and corners of the laps, making it peculiarly serviceable and durable in the joints, the firm does ar extensive trade. For this purpose from one to three hundred butts or hides are cut per week, and from fifteer c twenty hands employed. It i. A'el. known throughout the trade that the hose and beltinr manufactured by R. Hoffeld & Co. are of the very- best oak-tanned leather, their goods being, both in quality and construction, fully equal to any made, and their prices may always be depended upon as extremely reasonable; in fact, every effort is exerted, on the part of the firm, to estab- lish permanent relations with its customers by the most sedulous attention to their best interests. E. D. REED, Lumber, South Michigan and Ganson Streets. The importation and forwarding of lumber to and from the port of Buffalo constitutes a large and important business, in which many firms are engaged; while some confine them- selves to wholesale transactions in pine and other varieties, rhere are others who devote themselves to doing a commis- sion and forwarding business in handling the article, and there are some again who take up the business in its several branjh .. and ar^.- not only dealers, but commission and ■■".orwardir. merchant: as well. Amonr .h: .attcr we find Mr. E. D. Reed, whohasayard and dock situated on S nth Michigan and Ganson streets, ^-unninr through .0 the B ackwell Canal. The premises he occupies arc most eligibly located for this kind of trade, and more especially for the transhipment of the lumber, a large proportion o: which is forwarded from this point, both by canalt. ana railroad, to the Eastern ports. The business done by Mr. Reed varies from fifteen to twenty million feet during the course of a season. He keeps on hand and deals in White and Norway Pine, Oak, Ash, Walnut, Whitewood, Basswood, Sycamore, Elm, etc., etc. Mr. Reed has had a life-long experience in the lumber business, and no one in the trade is more competent to meet all its requirements. He is doing a safe and increasing bus- iness, in which he has the good wishes of his competitors and the confidence of his correspondents and patrons. See his advertisement elsewhere. LESSWING & STINES, Manufacturers of Light Wagons and Carriages, 52 to 56 Broadway. The partners who constitute the firm of Lesswing JL Stines are two energetic and enterprising young men, who have but recently commenced business, but who in joining together in a trade copartnership, bring with them all the necessary requisites for a successful business and prosperous future. They have a reasonable capital, sufficient for their present wants, steady habits, great industry and an ex- perience which makes them complete masters of their busi- ness. They occupy, for their trade requirements, a large brick building, at 52, 54 and 56 Broadway, which measures seven- ty-five by ninety feet, and here they manufacture Light Wagons and Carriages of all descriptions, employing fourteen hands in the various departments of the business, namely, blacksmithing, painting, wood-working, trimming, etc. Although they have only been in business since June 1 , 1879, their success has been such that they did six thousand dollars during the first six months, and the trade still con- tinues brisk, keeping their full complement of workmen constantly employed. The individual members of the firm are P. Lesswing & T. J. Stines, the former, who is a native of Buffalo, was born in 1844, and for eight years belonged to the firm of Bosche & Co.; his partner, Mr. Stines, was born in 1840, and was at Harvey & Wallace's for ten years, which is a proof of his ability as a competent and practical mechanic. They are earful to employ skilled workmen only, and have the most modern tools, with the latest improvements, and turn out nothing but the very best kind of work. With a good location, business capacity of a high order, a reasonable capital, and all the necessary trade require- ments, they have promising prospects for future success. T. S. HAWKS, Books, Newspapers, Stationery, &c. 31 East Seneca Street. The oldest continuous book store proprietor in town i» Mr. T. S. Hawks, who has been in Buffalo ever since 1835. He was then a young man nineteen years of age, having been born in Herkimer county, N. Y., in 1816. This makes him a very old settler, and one whose reminiscences, and experiences of the rise and progress of Buffalo are fraught with volumes of historical and personal anecdotes, and a fund of instructive information of a highly interesting character to all classes of citizens. It was in the year 1841 that Mr. Hawks first established himself in busines as a Dealer in Books, Magazines, Newspapers, Stationery, &c. The original store was located on the site of the present post-office, and from there he removed to Seneca street near Main, where he remained for a number of years, and where he built up an extensive trade in the line of business he was engaged in. Eight years ago he took possession of the spa- cious and commodious premises he now occupies, and where he carries a full and valuable stock of everything connected with every department of the Book and Stationery trade. He is a jobber and retailer of Theological and Classical works, Practical and Scientific books, works of History and Travel ; keeps a full assortment of books on Agriculture, Architecture, Mechanics, &c, and has the greatest variety of novels in the country ; also a full descriptive catalogue of Plays and Dramatic works, with all the popular Magazines as soon as published. Mr. Hawks makes a specialty of being able to supply any book that is published, either scientific or otherwise. If he should not happen to have the work on ha ml he will get it even should he have to send to Europe to obtain it. He can relate many anecdotes in regard to his former customers, some of whom have since attained to high positions in scientific or mechanical spheres. Among others, about sixteen years ago a young man then receiving a small salary in a manufacturing establishment in this city came into his store one day and picked up an elementary book on the branch of business in which he was employed, which he bought and studied. In a short time BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 97/ he came back and bought a larger book on the same sub- ject. In the course of time he had purchased all the books he could rind in his line, the largest two of which Mr. Hawks had to order expressly from England for him. To- day this student is the superintendent of one of the largest manufactories in the United States with a salary of $12,000 per annum. He relates many other instances of a similar character which tend to prove that the industrious student is in the high road to success when he commences to pur- chase his works of study from the store of T. S. Hawks. The store he now occupies is situated immediately oppo- site the postoffice, the first and second stories of the building being appropriated for Mr. Hawks' business purposes. It measures 22x80 feet and possesses ample accommodation for the large stock carried and the business done. The former amounts to about $20,000 and the sales average about $30,000 yearly. Four hands are employed besides the proprietor, who attend to the several departments all of which are arranged with great taste and a due regard to the convenience of customers. The trade is chiefly confined to the city and vicinity, Dut the resources of the establishment are well known through- out western New York, where the facilities for doing busi- ness are highly appreciated, and where the house is recog- nized as taking the lead in this particular class of trade. 5uilder, 36 to 40 Washington HENRY SMITH, Carpenter and Street. The building trade of Buffalo is one of the utmost im- portance to the interests of the city, and also to numerous mechanics and artizans, affording a source of employment to thousands of hands all the year round. There are a few en- gaged«n this branch of business who have their own premises fully equipped with all the necessary appliances forcutting, shaping and plaining the woodwork used for building pur- poses. Among these we find Mr. Henry Smith who has had an experience as a Carpenter, Builder and Contractor of sixteen years in this city. His place of business at 36, 38 and 40 Washington street occupies a space of 7,000 square feet of floor room, and has been fitted up with wood working machinery of all kinds necessary for the requirements of the contractor, including Planers, Saws, Turning Tools, &c, and so instead of patronizing the Planing mills or Turners' establishments, which many others are compelled to do, he does his own work with the special resources he has, which facilitates despatch and also makes a considerable margin in contract estimates. Mr. Smith employs on an average from twenty to twenty- five hands and has an extensive connection and a high reputation. He is a general favorite in the city, in his line •f business, and parties contemplating building or repairing will promote their own interests in consulting him. KIRKOVER &. FRALICK, Livery, Boarding and Sale Stable, 24 and 26 Ellicott Street. Any enterprise that is invariably well managed is sure _>f success; hence we find that ever since the co-partner- ship of Kirkover and Fralick was formed, now some ten years ago, fortune has continually followed their efforts in catering to the wants of the public in the livery business. All along they have shown a complete and thorough knowl- edge of what was required, a taste in their outfits, and a careful supervision of every detail in the several depart- ments and necessary equipments, that has given their estab- lishment a name and record second to none in the city or in this section of the State. Their stables stand on one of the oldest livery sites in Buffalo, and the reputation they have now attained has never been surpassed by any other firm in the same line. The individual members of the firm, H. D. Kirkover and John T. Fralick, have both been long residents of this city, and are well known as being among the most respected and opulent of Buffalo business men. They own at present twenty fine horses, and possess a full stock of Coaches, Buggies, Park Phaetons, Cutters, Harness, Robes, &c, all of elegant style and finish, and of the very best manufacture, special care being taken that everything turned out from the establishment is supplied with every requisite for comfort aud safety. The accomodation provided for boarding horses, of which they have a large number, is also of a superior character ; the stables are a picture of cleanliness as is everything con- nected with the establishment, and the feed and care pro- vided for the animals under their care is of that class which a lengthened experience, a knowledge of their wants and an ample capital can only supply. In this department they have a capacity for from seventy to seventy-five horses, which at once shows the extent of their stabling accommoda- tions. Eight men are employed in connection with the various departments of the business, over whom Mr. Fralick ex- ercises a vigilant supervision, as he does over the general work and management, including the duties connected with 1 the office. He controls the work generally, and the first- class equipments, valuable horses and elegant turnouts, reflect the highest credit upon his knowledge of the business, his excellent taste and superior management generally. Our readers abroad who contemplate visiting this city should, keep this establishment in recollection, and avail themselves of its advantages when in Bnffalo. ISAAC HOLLOWAY Contractor of Sewers, Paving, Etc.; Dealer in Paving and Building Stone, 196 Michigan Street. . As a contractor for the construction of Pavement, Sewers, etc., and dealer in all kinds of Stone, for building or other purposes, Mr. Holloway has no rival in the city, or in this part of the State. It is now many years since he first associated himself with Buffalo and its growing interests, and perhaps he has done more work than any man living for improving its thorough- fares, building its sewers, and otherwise adding to its ad- vantages. In fact, there has hardly been any improvement of note that has been suggested or planned for the general welfare of the city for years, in which Mr. Holloway has not either been directly or indirectly concerned, either by consultation or having a yet more active management in f connection with the enterprise. In paving alone, he has laid down from sixty to seventy miles of streets, and at the present time he is interested in the contract for the Bird- avenue Sewer, the largest work of the kind which has ever been given out by the city of Buffalo, for which his son, Mr. John A. Holloway, is the contractor. Upon this they are now engaged, and give employment to a large staff of workmen of all classes. In fact, in the various departments of his extensive trade and numerous undertak- ings, he employs more labor, perhaps, than any other citizen. Mr. Holloway is a native of Utica, but has been associated with Buffalo and its numerous undertakings ever since 1846, in which year he commenced business here as a member of the original firm of Holloway & Co., the members of which were then John, Isaac and William Holloway. John died in 1853, but the firm continued doing business under the same style until i860, although William had withdrawn from the concern some time previous to this date. Mr. Isaac Holloway afterwards ran the business alone, and has con- tinued to do so ever since. He owns one hundred acres of stone quarries at Medina, Orleans Co., N. V., which are noted for producing the famous Medina Sand Stone. These quarries are favored by having both railroad and canal com- munication, and here alone he has from one hundred to one hundred and fi/ty men in his employment. His city con- tracts, etc., give work to from fifty to three hundred and fifty men, as the requirements of the times may warrant. He has also a Stone Yard at Rochester, and, besides doing a large stone trade throughout the West, he contracts for making Pavements and Sewers in other cities. Mr. Holloway is likewise the managing Director and Treasurer of the Abbott Paving Co., an incorporated com- pany (limited) which was founded in 1878, the officers of which are N. B. Abbott, President ; John A. Holloway, Secretary ; and Isaac Holloway, Treasurer and Manager. This Company are the proprietors of the Abbott patents, and make the celebrated Asphalt pavements. Their work* arc situated at the foot of York street, the grounds for build- ings and yard occupying three hundred feet square ; their business office being at Mr. Holloway's, 196 Michigan street. The capital of this Company is twenty-five thousand dollars. They possess two Steam Rollers, one of ten tons and an- other of five tons, which are used in laying and consolidat- ing their work. As the operations of Mr. Holloway are extensive in their character, so are the classes of stone, in which he deals, various in their kind. He is a dealer in North River Blue Stone, Ohio and Medina Sand Stone, and Oak Island Gran- ite. Also Flagging, Curbing, Platforms, Door and Window Caps, Sills, etc., and he makes a specialty of Fine Sidewalks and Cut Building Stone. His contracts are vast and numerous, and his reputation and trade operations extend far and wide, especially throughout the West, making him the heaviest operator in Stone we have in this part of the country. 9 8 BUFFALO AND ENYRIONS. MOSES SMITH, Banker and Broker, 457 Main Street. The modern system of banking is liberally and ably represented by Mr. Moses Smith, whose place of business is situated in the German Insurance Building at 457 Main Street. He does a general banking business, and negotiates bonds, mortgages and notes; also buys and sells stocks on margin fpr others, in which class _oi marketable operations he has an extensive connection and wide reputation, being intrusted by many parties outside the city with important commissions involving sums for investment of great magnitude, and these receive at all times the full benefit of his lengthened experience in all kinds of mone- tary transactions and conti cts. Mr. Smith is a native of New Jersey, but has been resi- dent of this city for twenty-six years; and during the whole of this time he has been largely interested in fiduciary transactions, requiring the judicious handling of a heavy capital, and a comprehensive knowledge of the money market, which is possessed by Mr. Smith in an eminent de- gree. For the past six years he has been engaged in his present business in which he employs from_ $40,000 to $50,000 capital, his operations at times requiring a large outlay. Two employes assist him in his business, which constantly receives his careful supervision and personal direction. He also gives his untiring attention to the wants of parties re- quiring information relative to profitable investments. This he furnishes through the mail, and cheerfully extends the benefit of his experience to all who may desire it. The business is one that requires shrewd intelligence, with great business capacity and integrity, which are in- herited by Mr. Smith in no ordinary degree. As a financial f uithority he carries the full confidence of the commercial community, as well as that of capitalists and others with whom he has any business dealings. LOUIS P. ADOLFF, Groceries, Provisions, Etc., 491 Washington St. . Ever since 1855 Mr. Adolff has been engaged in this city in the Grocery business, and for twenty-one years of this time he was located on Genesee street, where he always had a high reputation for the superior quality of his goods. He removed to his present location in 1878, and here he carries a full line of everything connected with the trade he is en- gaged in, in the shape of Groceries, Provisions, Flour, Feed, Oats, etc. Mr. Adolff is a native of France, but has been a resident of Buffalo for the last thirty years. In addition to the usual family necessarier, he also carries an extensive stock of pure cider and cider vinegar, wines liquors and cigars of the finest qualities and brands. During his business career he has met with marked suc- cess, and at the present time he owns two stores on Genesee street, besides the premises he now occupies, consisting of a building of four stories and cellar, 25x86 feet, with barn in rear of store, all of which is occupied in the requirements of his trade. The stock generally carried, comprises anything necessary for household wants in the way of groceries, in- cluding their attendant luxuries, and his transactions are such as to command at all times a good trade with success- ful results. T. V. DICKINSON, Watchmaker & Jeweler, 10 Lafayette Street. The growing opulence of Buffalo has been so marked during the past few years as to have occasioned a consider- able increase in those lines of trade and industry which ad- minister to the adornment of the person or the decoration and embellishment of the dwelling. As an evidence of the truth of this statement, many houses have been established during a very limited period that are now doing a prosperous and satisfactory trade, and among such that of Mr. T. V. Dickinson, Watchmaker and Jeweler, in the Buffalo German Insurance Building is entitled to commendation. Established in May, 1879, this house sprang at once into prominence and became well known for the beauty and variety of its stock, the proficiency of the proprietor in every detail of the trade, and the consummate dexterity which as a practical mechanician, he evinced in all matters pertaining to the repair and construction of delicate mechanical instruments, optical and philosophical apparatus and chronometers and timekeepers of all kinds. In lines of fine artistic jewelry, diamonds and precious stones, French clocks of choice de : ns, fancy articles and mathematical instruments, this house is said to be, without exception, the best and most carefully stocked in the city. An enthusiast with reference to all matters pertaining to his vocation, Mr. Dickinson is the inventor cf what is called the Juvenile Time Instructor, a very simple and useful ap- paratus for teaching children to read correctly and at once the dials of clocks and watches, an appliance so highly prized as to be in use in many of the schools in' Buffalo. As a manufacturer of musicians' batons he has acquized quite a reputation, and his work in ivory, ebony and tine wood ornamented and inlaid with gold or silver is the best of its kind known here. A resident of Buffalo for thirty-two years and foreman in the works of T. & E. Dickinson for a decade, there are few who possess a more thorough knowledge of the business than Mr. Dickinson, and none are more fully entitled to the pub- lic confidence and esteem. Our readers at a distance will undoubtedly save money and secure the best values by applying to Mr. Dickinson in the purchase of silverware, jewelry', jewels and time pieces of all kinds. As agent for the Hopkins Watch Tool Co., watchmakers can always find here all the implements neces- sary in their vocation. GEORGE W. TIFFT, Successor to Albert, Best & Co., Manufacturer of and Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Furni- ture; Geo. D. Plimpton, Manager, Nos. 135 and 137 Main Street. There are some houses in this city that have achieved a reputation and acquired a trade that places them in the front rank of enterprise and success, and of such that con- ducted by Geo. W. '1 ifft, in the furniture line, is a marked example, which demands fitting recognition in these pages. Established in 1871 by Albert, Best and Co., the business came into the hands of the present proprietor, Mr. Geo. W. Tifft, in 1879. and is now prosecuted under the management of Mr. George D. Plimpton. The premises are located at Nos. 135 and 137 Main street, and comprise one ample building four stories high, and 40x120 feet in area, containing sales rooms and finishing and upholstering departments. Here will be found many new and novel designs and clever workmanship in carving and general artistic structure that pertains to place the wares offered by this house on a par in style and elegance in woods, design and finish with the best manufactured in this country ; and it is not an exaggeration to say that in all respects the establishment is in keeping with modern re- quirements and the newest modes in furniture, and a splendid acquisition to Buffalo for the supply of fine and costly furniture. With reference to the stock carried by this house it is generally understood that no similar concern is in posses- sion of a greater diversity in general assortment, and that in Parlor Suits and Chamber Patent Base Rockers or Marble Top Tables everything desirable is to be had at prices extremely moderate. With such inducements as this house is now able to present to the retail trade (having dis- continued their wholesale business) buyers will here find in variety the most attractive line of first-class goods to be found in the city. GEORGE N. PIERCE, Manufacturer of House-Furnishing Goods, Bird Cages, Refrigerators, Etc., Corner of Prime and Hanover Streets. Our work in reviewing the industrial advantages and re- sources of this city would be incomplete without taking cognizance of the establishment of George N. Pierce, of which we propose to lay some facts before our readers. Intimately familiar with the business in which he is en- gaged, having had an experience of ten years before em- barking in his present venture, dissolving his business rela- tions with his former partners, Mr. Pierce established in 1878 a factory for the manufacture of Bird Cages, Refrigerators, Japanned Ware, Coal Hods and other similar goods, and has since added a line of beautiful Toys and Decorated Wooden Goods for the holiday trade. Commencing with ample capital, and an establishment re- plete with labor-saving appliances and machinery, not only ingenious, but thoroughly adapted for the accomplishment of the greatest amount of work in the least possible time, the house sprang almost at once into prominence, and ac- quired a trade which now reaches over the entire United States and Canadas, from Quebec to San Francisco, and from St. Paul to New Orleans, embracing every city in the coun- try with a population of 10,000, or upwards ; orders are also received from the West Indies and Germany. The premises occupied by the house are located at the BUFFALO AND ENVRIONS. 99 corner of Prime and Hancver streets, tin the building known as the Merchants' Exchange!, a his'ory of which will be found in our editorial on buffalo, a situation admirably adapted for convenience in the receipt or shipment of freights by rail or water. They consist of one extensive four-story building, 80x140 feet in dimensions, not only supplied with every requisite mechanical device, but steam heated throughout, supplied with elevator, and a 50-horse- power steam engine and 75-horse-power boiler. Here from 100 to 125 operatives find constant occupation, and the facilities are such that in the matter of Bird Cages alone twelve hundred are manufactured weekly, besides large quantities of Tcy Ten Pins, Furniture, Marble-top Circular Tables, Japanned Ware, Coal Hods, Refrigerators and Ice Chests ; of the latter nine distinct styles are manu- factured, comprising twenty-nine different sizes, and are as perfect in every respect, both in finish, material and design, as any we have ever examined, and in the Japanned Ware, including thirty-one different styles of Decorated Toilet Sets, Bathing Apparatus of all kinds, Slop Jars and Water Pails, Trays and Crumb Brushes, etc., the goods are of un- rivaled excellence. The brilliant success achieved by Mr. Pierce arises not only from the superiority' of the out-put, but the method, liberality and promptness, with which, under his active per- sonal supervision, the business is conducted, and while in every respect his enterprise will compare favorably with that of any of his cotemporaries in the country, he is in cer- tain respects able to offer advantages to the trade that must inure to the benefit of those who establish relations with this house. A. ANDERSON, Manufacturer of and Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Harness, 52 Hanover Street, Corner of Main. One of the principal points in the United States for the manufacture of Leather, and that too of unrivalled excel- lence, Buffalo has for many years afforded facilities for the Harnessmaker, unsupplied by any other community. Engaged in the latter vocation we find Mr. A. Anderson, whose premises at No. 52 Hanover street, corner of Main, up-stairs. is one of the best known in this city. The busi- ness was established in 1878 by Mr. Anderson alone,who com- menced the manufacture of Harness with very limited mon- etary resources but a thorough knowledge of the business in all its departments, and an ingenuity that made him the father of many improvements. From its inception his trade rapidly increased, with which his facilitiss kept pace, until at present about twenty skill- ful operatives are employed in the work leading to a pro- duct of six or more sets of harness daily, while the goods find buyers all over the United States, including even Cali- fornia. Mr. Anderson's claim to manufacture "the best Harness on Earth for the money," is pretty well sustained by the experience of those who have used them; they are all hand- made, of the best material, finest finish, with oriental trim- mings, and are furnished at the low price of twenty dol- lars per set. These Oriental Trimmings, it should be re- membered, are perhaps the handsomest decorations for har- ness ever devised, and impart a richness and elegance to the whole rig that makes them extremely popular. Superior to rubber, this Oriental Trimming is far less expensive, more durable and finer in finish and color. Our readers at a distance who are not familiar with this elegant innovation, should address Mr. Anderson on the sub- ject, whom they will find prompt, obliging and reliable in all his relations. HOLMES & LITTLE, Architects, Room No. 12 German Insurance Build- ing. It is hardly going too far to say that no firm in Buffalo has done more to elevate the general standard of Architec- tural excellence, or be able to show more evidences of sub- stantial usefulness in this direction than that of Messrs. Holmes & Little. Established as a co-partnership in 1879, both Messrs E. L. Holmes and H. H. Little had, prior to that time, acquired a thorough knowledge and wide experience in the profession; many of the finest structures in this and adjacent states have been designed by them, and constructed under their per-nnal supervision. Of such in this city, with which our local readers will be familiar, we note Barnum's building on Main street, Sibley & Holmvood's Mock on Seneca street, corner of Wells; and the adjoining block of J. B. Pierce; the residence of W. W. Huntley at Silver Creek, erected at a cost of fifteen thous- and dollars; also, a public schocl house at the same place, costing an equal amount; the blocks of Nusbaum & Co. and Julius Wall, at Bradford, Pa.; the residence and other build- ings of Nathaniel Brown at Buffalo, valued at thirty thous- and dollars; the dwelling of Henry C. French, Esq., on Delaware avenue; also that of C. J. Mann on Swan street; extensive alterations in the buildings of Mr. Hoyt and Mr. Benton; the residence of George C. Sweet on Jersey street; extensive alterations in the mansion of the Hon. James M. Smith; and other tangible evidences of Architectural skill and constructive proficiency too numerous to mention. The offices of the firm can be foui.d at No. 12 German Insurance Building, where every facility is enjoyed for the prosecution of their work, which requires from six to eight assistants, besides the members of the firm. Mr. Holmes is widely known as an expert in designing; some of the largest public and private buildings in the coun- try, having been constructed on plans original with himself. The firm is so well known in this city as to make personal mention superfluous; it may be said in conclusion, however, that those of our readers at a distancedesiring drawings and specifications for public or private buildings, will conserve their own interests by addressing Messrs. Holmes & Little. F. B. HARVEY, • Importer and Wholesale Liquor Dealer, 93 Main- Street. It has been the history of every liquor house with which we are familiar that those alone succeed best, build up the most permanent trade, and achieve the most lasting pros- perity who confine their operations solely and exclusively to a class of goods entirely removed from even the sus- picion of inferiority or adulteration. When Mr. F. B. Harvey came to this city from Oneida in 1868, he estab- lished his present business upon this basis, and though at its inception his means were limited, and his operations circumscribed, yet the history, growth, and prosperity of his house has once more demonstrated the correctness of our theory. The premises which are occupied by Mr. Harvey consist of one large four story building 20x100 feet in area with a cellar beneath constructed and adapted for the storage of liquors and the maintenance of an equable temperature. This building contains an extensive stock of Wines, Brandies, Imported and Domestic Whiskies, Champagnes, etc., etc., much of which was imported directly by the proprietor whose relations with foreign growers and manufacturers are such as to insure a con- signment to his order of the best goods attainable in the European markets. The Elixir of Rye Whiskey is a brand which belongs to Mr. Harvey exclusively and upon the excellence of which much of the reputation of the house depends. Another favorite brand manufactured only by Mr. Harvey is his "Hand-made Sour Mash," Kentucky _ Rye Whiskey re- fined and warranted pure by him, an article in high repute with dealers, druggists and families and which should be sampled by the trade. With the services of one traveling general salesman and the co-operation of resident agents in many of the largest towns and cities throughout the coun- try, the house has acquired a business of no inconsiderable magnitude and is classed and properly ranked as occuping an enviable position in the trade. To those who are fastidious in the use of stimulants, and demand the best at- tainable, or to invalids to whom obsolute purity must be still more essential, we would say that the house of Mr. Harvey can be relied upon to supply all liquors likely to be required and to guarantee the same as being chemically un- alloyed with foreign matters. FRANK SCHAFFER, Merchant Tailor, 381 Washington Street. Among the many merchant tailoring establishments in this city, that of Frank Schaffer is a prominent one. Mr. Schaffer started in business in this city twenty-five years ago, and has maintained his trade with an increasing popu- larity. His stock of suitings is composed of all grades of cassimeres, cloths, etc., that all may find him prepared to accommodate them with any quality desired, either in foreign or domestic goods. Although the custom of this house is almost wholly of city patronage, yet it is such as to command a good line of business, and embraces some of the most fashionable gentry of Buffalo. Mr. Schaffer is a native of Germany, but has lived in this city over thirty years, where he has gained the respect and friend- ship of the community, and is worthy of the esteem in which he is held. BUFFALO AND ENVIONS. COOPER & HAINES, Wholesale Lumber Dealers, No. 287 Elk Street. The advantages enjoyed by Buffalo as a center of trade have been so fully discussed elsewhere, in the editorial por- tion of this work, that it would be superfluous for us to en- large further upon this subject; and a brief notice of some of the leading firms in the Lumber trade will fully convince our readers that no opportunity has been lost by Merchants to avail themselves of the facilities offered by this city for the transportation of heavy freight, either East or West. It is on a par with either Cleveland or Chicago, and has the advantage of being the necessary point connecting by water with the Atlantic cities. Established in the Lumber business, we notice the firm of Cooper & Haines, whose yards and wharves are conveniently situated on Louisiana street and Ohio Basin Slip, where vessels can obtain every accommodation for the unloading or shipping of Lumber: whilst their proximity to all the railways involves no loss of time in transporting goods by any route. In the yards, which cover an area of about 300x400 feet, an average stock of two to three million feet of lumber is kept on hand. This firm, formerly known under the title of Haines & Cooper, was originally established some eleven years ago, but in consequence of mistakes and confusion arising from the similarity of the style to that of another firm >n this city, the title was changed, in December last, to that of Cooper & Haines — the partnership continuing in all respects as heretofore. At No. 287 Elk street, adjoining tnei. yard, and between the two principal hardwood yards of the city of Buffalo, of Taylor & Crate and Scatcherd & Son, will be found the office of the firm, and dealers and others desiring to purchase lumber cannot do better than call upon or correspond with Cooper & Haines before placing their orders elsewhere. See second page of advertisements. MURDOCK'S DINING PARLORS, 13 East Swan Street. As most of our readers abroad are likely sooner or later to visit Buffalo, it may be well to give them an idea of those public establishments to which they will resort, and in such a connection the Dining Parlors of Mr. T. W. Murdock at 13 East Swan Street, must not be omitted, as it occupies the head position in the city as a place /«r excellence at which to board, dine or lunch. After an experience of seven years in this business in Philadelphia, Cleveland and this city, Mr. Mnrdock opened at his present location on January 21st of the present year, fitting the premises up in such a manner as to make them admirably adapted for the business. The room is 35x92 feet in dimensions, well lighted in the rear part by a sky- light, which gives it a pleasant appearance, impossible to find at any other place in the city, yet, so desirable in a place where one may seek refreshment and renewed vital- ity- In this room where the linen is spotless and everything is the model of neatness, is a series of attractive tables ca- pable of seating from one hundred and fifty to two hundred persons. The culinary department being located in the Dasement, and well ventilated, is so arranged as to prevent all odors from cooking, reaching the dining room; and guests may al- ways depend upon securing at " Murdock's anything or everything which the markets can supply at a cost so moderate as to give occasion for wonderment. The promptness and politeness with which the business is conducted, a faultless cuisine and splendid appointments have caused Mr. Murdock to be regarded as the " Del- monico" of Buffalo and insured of popularity equaled by no similar concern of this character in this city. GEORGE W. MORRISON, " The < >ld Curiosity Shop," 13 East Seneca Street. The " Old Curiosity Shop," depicted so graphically by Charles Dickens in his novel of that name, could not pos- sibly be better represented than at the store of Mr. George W. Morrison, 103 East Seneca street. Wherever he can possibly pick up such a conglomeration of odds and ends, with treasures of the curious things we find in his diversified stock is a mystery. The only difference between Mr. Mor- rison and "Little Nell's" grandfather is not in the stock carried, but in the way of arranging it. " There is a method in his madness," for although Mr. Morrison carries at all times a very valuable collection of the most choice and rare articles of vertu, etc., he has them so classified that he can lav his hand upon any particular object at any moment. His books are a library in themselves, and these he makes a specialty of. Ancient editions of Plut- arch, Homer, Virgil, &c, and the more modern classical au- thors are to be found carefully stored away for the research of the student or the antiquary; and were the shade of the old "Wizard of the North" to pay him a visit, it would revel in the store of ancient lore here provided for its delec- tation. In addition to these rare works, Mr. Morrison also carries an extensive collection of books of all kinds, making his place a fit resort for the scholar or the student. He pos- sesses altogether some twelve thousand volumes, and his customers comprise all classes, among whom may be found Library Committees from this and other cities, who often find at Mr. Morrison's establishment what cannot be ob- tained elsewhere. The proprietor of the "Old Curiosity Shop" is also a dealer in Watches, Jewelry, Diamonds, Guns, Revolvers, Musical Instruments of all kinds, from a Fiddle or a Drum to a Jew's Harp, and new and second-hand goods of every description. The business was commenced eleven years ago by the present proprietor, who has been adding to the stock ever since, until now he carries from $6,000 to $7,000 worth of stock, which, however, fluctuates in accordance with the demands on his resources. Mr. Morrison is a true Buffalonian, was born here, has lived here all his life, and here he hopes still to continue to stay until the shutters of the " Old Curiosity Shop " will be closed for ever. The establishment is undoubtedly the foremost of its kind in the city, and Mr. Morrison manages it with an ability and discretion worthy the proprietor of an " Old Curiosity Shop." He also buys second-hand books of every descrip- tion, for which he pays the highest cash price possible, and parties having such goods to dispose of, will here find the most desirable place in the city for the purpose. W. ARTHUR RICE, Bookseller, Printer and Stationer, 331 Main St. To point out for the commendation of the public, energy, integrity and capacity exhibited in any branch of the diverse interests which engage the attention ot the com- munity is a province of our work, of which we are not un- frequently reminded; and a privilege that we feel at liberty to exercise with reference to the enterprise of Mr. \\ . Arthur Rice, who, in May, 1879, founded his present busi- ness, which has grown in a manner highly indicative of careful management and experienced proficiency. Dealing both as a jobber and retailer. Mr. Rice carries an extensive and valuable stock, embracing not only those articles common to all similar establishments, such as Books, Fancy Goods, general Papeterie, Photograph and Auto- graph Albums, Cards, &c, but also manufactures large lines of Commercial Blanks and Blank Books, also executing all kinds of Commercial Printing in this direction. A native of Buffalo, Mr. Rice has had considerable experi- ence, and has become known as active in keeping up with new ideas in connection with the Stationery and Book business, and enjoys a reputation as an expert in the trade. His premises are ample, consisting of two floors, sixty feet in depth, three assistants being employed, and every facility and advantage offered consumers or the trade, in keeping with a liberal and just policy. Under such circumstances dealers or buyers living at a distance from the city will do well to investigate the stock and terms of Mr. Rice before concluding their orders. EDWARD FAY, Manufacturer of Picture Frames, Etc., 17 South Division Street. Mr. Edward Fay has been about six years in business as a manufacturer of Gold, Gilt, Walnut, and Fancy Picture Frames; and he also carries an extensive variety of Mouldings and other materials at his store, which is situated at 17 South Division Street between Main and Washington Streets. The premises occupy one floor with a manufactory in rear, and here he manufactures frames to order, having one of the largest stocks of mouldings in the city from which to make selections, and at prices not possible to beat. He is also dealer in Cord and Trimmings, Stereoscopic Views, Pictures, etc., and makes a specialty of manufac- turing Gilt Frames to order for which class of work he has gained considerable reputation during the time he has been in the trade in Buffalo, having secured a good busi- ness connection and received extensive patronage and sub- stantial support. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. A. T. KERR \ sbon and Ryf. Whis.kies, Etc., 26, 28 and 30 Lloyd Strket. Among those houses now few and far between, which have been long in existence and identified with the commercial frowth of this community, that of Henry T. Gillet & Son is y no means inconspicuous, and is entitled at least to brief recognition in this work. Established in 1840 under the above style, the firm corn- men ;ed operations as rectifiers, re-distillers and wholesale in Wines and Liquors, 2nd at that time was, strictly speaking the only house engaged in the business in this city. Though commencing on a small scale, the business grad- ually increased, its resources were enlarged, and an exten- sive and conservative trade established throughout New York and the adjoining states. • the demise of Henry T. Gillet in 1874, the manage- rial control of the housi has been under the charge of Sir. John G. Gucnther. This establishment is I ati d at 26, 2% and 3c Lloyd street, and consists of one four-story building 60x70 feet, thoroughly equipped in every respect for recti- fying and re-distilling, supplied with a ic-horsc-power steam ln d possessing a capacity of about two thousand ';.!.] mis ner day. Dealing largely in French and Cologne spirits, Rye and Bourbon Whiskies, and other Liquors, this house is pre- pared to offer in prieennd quality superior inducements. Under the management of Mr. Guenther, (who was born in this country and has been a resident of Buffalo since 1833,) the business policy of the house has remained un- changed, and is still conducted with that conservative lib erality and reliability that has always entitled it to the con- fidence and popularity it has so largely enjoyed. W. R. BURT Lumber and Planing Mill, Ganson Street. For many years Mr. Burt has been a manufacturer of Lumber on the Saginaw river, but it was only so recently as May last year that he established a Lumberyard in Buffalo, where Eastern dealers can always And a good assortment and full stock of Michigan Pine Lumber on hand, which they can purchase from first parties without undergoing the expense of a trip to Michigan. Since he opened out in this trade several millions of feet of Lumber have already been shipped to this point, which shows that the article he manufactures and ships, as well as his mode of doing business and the manner he adopts in assorting is just what the trade here requires. In his busi- ness arrangements and dealings Mr. Burt shows great tact and energy. No sooner had he secured an eligible site for his operations here, than he lost not a moment's time in forwarding on shipments, and the first cargoes he shipped to this port were the very first arrivals of last year's Lumber fleet; the cargoes being unloaded, assorted and re-shipped to Eastern dealers, while other Lumber laden vessels were slowly feeling their way through the ice, and cautiously creeping into port. Mr. Burt's mode of doing business offers superior advant- ages to purchasers. He first cuts the logs from his own lands, then manufactures the same, ships to Buffalo in his own vessels, and handles, assorts and works the same in the Yard and Mill at this point. The business here may be said to be divided into two departments, Yard and Planing Mill; the latter enables him to fill orders in Dressed Lumber as well as in the rough. The yard covers no less than seven acres. The Planing Mill grounds and building are located on Ganson street and Buffalo creek. This is the wholesale yard and office while another yard is situated on Ganson street, Coatsworth's Slip and Buffalo creek. The present stock of Lumber on hand is about six million feet, and as the season advances he anticipates carrying from ten to twelve million feet all the time. Sixty hands are employed in the yard during the summer months, which are reduced to twenty during winter. The Planing Mill is one of large capacity, having an area of 112x114 feet, with storage shed, 45x96 feet, and boiler house, 24x72 feet. It is equipped with the best modern machinery, and, in addition to its dock facilities, it has KR. tra> ks conveniently Lid through the yard. This mill is under the careful and judicious management of Mr. A. P. Mead, who is thoroughly conversant with every detail and requirement of the trade. Mr. Mead has under his control from twenty-five to thirty hands in the mill, besides those heretofore mentioned. Enough has been said to show the magnitude of this enterprise, but it is due the proprietor to mention the fact that he is President of the Michigan Salt Association, and Managing Director in several other companies connected with the trade. He is consistent and strenuous in his efforts to advance the interests of the Lumber business in Buffalo, by his endeavors to secure for the trade just and equitable RR. freights; nor has he shown less energy and sound judgment in his efforts towards organizing a Lumbermen's Exchange in this city. Mr. W. R. Burt resides at East Saginaw, Michigan. His interests here are under the supervision and management of Mr. C. W. Hammond, who, rsant with the business in all its branches, ablj represents his principal and attends assidiously to the interests of this new venture. IYO & WEGENAAR, Marble and Granite Works, 502 Washington St. The Marble and Granite Works of Ivo & Wegenaar are of the largest in Western New York. They keep constantly on hand a choice line of Italian, Scotch, English French, Irish and German granites and marbles as well as s> line from American quarries. The monuments and tombstone? erected by them in Forest Lawn, Pine H ill and other cemeteries are worthy references of their skill, and at their works may be seen a large variety of d-awings of the latest designs from which to make selections for orders. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. JOHN D. SMITH, Plumber and Gas Fitter, and Dealer in Gas Fix- tures, Plumbers' and Gas Fitters' Supplies, No. 51 Pearl Street. The most conspicuous house in the above trade in Buf- falo, and probably in the West, is that of Mr. John D. Smith, which was established in 1S52 by the present propri- etor, who associated for 17 years with Mr. W. H. Glenny, finally assumed entire personal control of the business. The establishment of Mr. Smith is located at No. 51 Pearl street, and is a very extensive one, occupying an area of 24X 121 feet, and having four stories and a basement. This building is divided into various departments for the system- atic prosecution of the work, which, when in full operation engages the labor of from fifteen to twenty-five mechanics and artisans. Part of the first floor is occupied by sales- room and office, the rear being devoted to mechanical oper- ations, involving the manufacture of Steam Heating Ap- paratus, Water, Steam and Gas Fittings, Registers, Ven- tilators etc. Much of the machinery in use, consisting of pipe and screw cutting apparatus and other appliances, being of the best makes known, is operated by a 4-horse power steam engine. The second floor is a store and stock room for the exhibition of Lamps, Chandeliers, Brackets, Portables, in polished Brass and Bronze, Shades and Gas Fixtures generally, and contains an assortment of these goods, which, in variety and extent is unequaled in this section. In every branch pertaining properly to the Trade, this house is prepared to compete with any within a range of from one hundred and fifty to two hundred miles of this city, and estimates are promptly and cheerfully given. Every invention or improvement made in the business is at once secured or adopted by this house, which may be im- plicitly depended upon to perform al[ contracts undertaken with promptness and with entire satisfaction to all con- cerned. The general stock, which is very complete, extensive and vaiuable, consists, in addition to the before-mentioned goods, of Bath Tubs, Water Closets, Copper and Wrought Iron Boilers, Imported and Domestic Earthen Ware, Fit- tings of Wrought and Cast Iron Pipe, Hot Air Registers and Ventilators, Iron and Brass Globe Valves and Stop Cocks, and indeed, all materials which are requisite for sup- plying Plumbers, Steam and Gas Fitters. Bowers and Can- dell Patent Sewer Gas Trap is to be found here, and from the high encomiums which it has received, we should say, that for simplicity, durability and effectiveness it is the best in the market. Re-bronzing is carried on as a specialty, and at a trifling cost chandeliers, and every kind of Gas Fixture can be so re-bronzed or re-gilded as to look as well as when they were originally sent out by the manufacturer. A native of Manchester, England, where he served a thorough apprenticeship to the Trade, and a resident of Buffalo for more than twenty-eight ye;rrs, Mr. Smith has established a reputation that admits of no cavil, and is at present engaged in filling large railroad contracts and other public work of no small consequence. Special Agent for the Thatcher Chimney Top and Ven- tilator and the Irwin Patent Street Lamps, besides being the designerof his own heating apparatus, John D. Smith is in a position to acccrd advantages to the Trade and the Public, which they will do Well to consider before placing their con- tracts elsewhere. Inquiries by mail promptly responded to. See advertisement elsewhere. J. BLOCHER & SON, Manufacturers of Boots and Shoes, 64, 66, 68, 70 and 72 Exchange Street. In surveying those industries contingent upon the Leather Trade, the extensive enterprise of J. Blocher & Son in the manufacture of hand made Boots and Shoes is deserving of special notice. This house was originally established in 1S63 by J. Blocher, who in 1872 admitted his son to an interest in the business under the above title, which has since continued unchanged. With every facility arising from an intimate connection with the best Leather Market in this country, the house was not long in achieving a high reputation in the Trade, for the superior quality of its manufactures. Though es- tablished upon a limited scale, the business has steadily and solidly increased, until at present the annual value of the out-put exceeds one hundred thousand dollars, and appro- priates a full share of the Trade throughout this locality and the Western States. The business and manufacturing prem- ises of the firm are situated, as before mentioned, on Ex- change street, and occupy two entire floors of a building 85.x 100 feet in area, thoroughly furnished with every needed appliance, and affording a field for the labor of about one hundred operatives. Both Mr. J. & N. W. Blocher are native to this state, and have always resided in this locality. The senior partner, who was born in 1825, has been prom- inent in promoting the industrial and commercial interests of Buffalo, and occupies an esteemed position in the consid- eration of this community. In its business policy, the house is liberal, enterprising and reliable, and the goods which bear its trade mark can- not be considered as inferior to any manufactured in this state, and |are especially saleable and attractive in general style, finish and durability. H. G. WHITE, AGENT, Painter and Frescoer, 83 Main Street. The subject of this sketch, Mr. H. G. White, is a native of Burlington, Vt., and came to Buffalo in the year 1836, where he immediately set to work establishing himself in the painting and frescoing business in all its various de- partments in house, sign and boat painting. He occupies a building of four stories and basement, and in the busy sea- son employs from sixty to seventy men to keep up with the immense demands of his patrons. During the duller sea- sons he employs about thirty men, which makes his general quota of men employed average as large as, or larger, than that of amy other house in this line in the city. To this great battallion of expert operatives is disbursed about ten thousand dollars annually for wages, and such is the repu- tation of the house that even this amount is likely to be augmented during the coming year. The trade that neces- sitates the expenditure of such an amount forlabor,is of course, extensive, but is done principally in the city and vicinity. In house and sign painting Mr. Whits has nad a very large expeiience, and in vessel and steamboat paint- ing has few equals in Buffalo. Always careful to employ and keep steadily engaged only such workmen as thoroughly understand their business, and knowing when they are fulfilling their duties both to himself and his patrons, there can be no doubt as to the satisfactory results which are always obtained by ship and boat owners, house builders and holders, and in brief, each and all who when requiring the services of a painter, employ Mr. White for the occasion. 104 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. C. M. LYMAN, Druggist and Chemist, No. 311 Main Street. The business to which wc refer was established in 1S56 by W. H. Peabody, Esq., who conducted the house with success till 1876, when the concern passed to the proprietary management of M&. C. M. Lyman, who, from 1868, had been engaged in the same line of business at No. 296 and 416 Main street, and who as an expert pharmaceutist is highly regarded in the trade. Besides dealing as a jobber and retailer in Drugs, Chemi- cals, Patent Medicines, Surgical Instruments, etc., Mr. Ly- man also manufactures Trusses and certain well-known specialties, such as Lyman's Colognes, Hair Tonic, Cough Syrup, etc., and conducts a carefully managed medical pharmacopoeia, where prescriptions are compounded with chemical care and intelligence. The establishment is a very extensive one, embracing two floors and basement, the sales-room proper being over • .no hundred feet deep, and very justly regarded as one of the finest and best appointed stores in the city. The stock is valued at about $25,000; and six employees, four of whom are practical druggists, assist 111 the various departments of the work Mr. Lyman is a native of Buffalo, he has for many years been identified with his vocation, and has not been indiffer- ent tu the general thrift of the community, to which he has added no little. I In.. ugh the earnest efforts of nimself and others an or- ganization was effected May r,' 1879, entitled the ' ; State Pharmaceutical Association," of which he was elected Vice President, position which he still holds. Not addicted to laudation we can say no more than that the establishment, of which a brief sketch has been given, is a model one in every respect, and deserves the favor with which it is generally regarded. P. SMITH, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Guns, Rifles, Pistols, Etc., No. iby Main Street. Among the many establishments necessary to complete the industries 01 i. city, none L of more considerable inter- est than the manufacturing of Fire-arms. Prominent I :•. Shi: clac= of house:: is the establishment of Mr. P. Smith, who .- one of the oldest Manufacturers of thin city. Mr. iimitfc first started as manufacturer and re- pairer of Rifles, Guns, etc., on Commercial street, April 1st, 1832, and removed to his present location about ten years ago. The stock will now amount to ten or fifteen thousand dol- lars, consisting of Guns, RiHes, Pistols, Revolvers, Powder, Shot, Toys, "Jimcracks," Fishing Tackle, and sporting material generally, and also an extensive line of Pocket Cutlery. He employs three hands, who are conversant with every detail of the business, the trade extending through the city and the western states and Canada. Mr. Smith came to this city in 1826, since when he has won the esteem and respect of the most influential men of the city, and has been elected to several important city offices. Years ago he held the office of Alderman from the First Ward for five consecutive years, and has filled the po- sition of Park Commissioner for the past eight years, being present Chairman of the Committee on Grounds and Roads. His filling these public offices with entire satisfaction to the people, and being also President of the Board of Trustees of the Central Presbyterian Church, clearly attest the con- fidence reposed in Mr. Smith as a public servant and a Christian gentleman, of all of which none are more worthy. As a merchant and tradesman he has long enjoyed a repu- tation for reliable goods and low prices, and those in quest of sporting goods or light hardware or cutlery, will conserve their own interests by patronizing this well-established house. CHARLES LANKLER, Manufacturer ofTrunks,&c, No. 207 Main Street. For a number of years Mr. Chas. Lankier has been well known in Main street as a manufacturer of and dealer in all kinds of Trunks, Valises, Traveling Bags, etc. He com- menced this business in 1871, but came to Buffalo ten years previously. Mr. Lankier has always been recognized by every one with whom he has had dealings as a reliable man of business, as is evinced by the numerous first-class cus- tomers who give him their patronage and orders. As a manufacturer of sampie Trunks and Cases, and es- peciaily Expiess Cases, etc., there are few who can com- pete with him, certainly none who can put 111 better work or turn out a more useful and tasteful class of goods in this particular line. In fact he may be said to make a specialty in the manufacturing and repairing of Trunks and Cases in connection ..-ith the particular requirements 01 Express Companies. T Ie "nd~ customers in the American Express Company, {he I'.ans.-.-, ..'acific Ilxpreos Company, and others of . like class, who want a certain kind 01 wot'. 1 done to order, and in a manner that can be fully rebec, o;: -or good workmanship aur 1 finish. In addition to this particular class of oustor.icrs, he has quite an extensive connection in the city and vicinity, where he is well known and appreci- ated by all with whom ,\c has dealings. Mr. Lankier employs from three to six hands, as the exi- gencies of trade may require, all men of experience, and working under hb own personal supervision. All repairing is neatly and promptly done, and everything in connection with the businesc is completed in that first- class style that has always characterized Mr. Lankler's work since first his establishment was organized. J. J. McARTHUR, Manufacturer of Confectionery and Pastry, No. 383 Main Street. Mr. J. J. McArthur has been for so long a period en- gaged in his present vocation in Buffalo, as at last to have merged into the proprietorship of the oldest house 111 the city in this line of trade, and is therefore entitled to some notice in this work. The business controlled by Mr. McArthur was established in 1835 by A. & j. McArthur, which for twenty-five years was as well known and highly esteemed as any firm in Buf- falo. In i860 the present proprietor succeeded to the busi- ness, and has extended the trade of the house while improv- ing and diversifying its products. The store is 120 feet long, part being used as sales room and part as an elegantly ap- pointed Ice Cream Parlor capable of seating over one hun- dred customers. Four stories and the basement comprise the premises, the latter being used as a manufactory where fine cakes and confections are made in vast quantities and varities. The second floor is fitted up as a Hall for dancing, lodges, banquets, or parties, and is 43x60 feet in dimensions, fully equipped and decorated, and owing to its central location is one of the most desirable Halls in the city. A native of Eastern New York, Mr. McArthur has re- sided in Buffalo for forty-five years, is thoroughly identi- fied with the interests of the city and justly entitled to the esteem and consideration with which he is regarded. DUDLEY & CO., Empire Oil Works, Manufacturers of Lubricating and Illuminating Oils, 55 Main Street. The development of an oil territory within a compari- lively short distance of Buffalo, has of course had more or less to do with the prosperity of the city, as furnishn g .1 product for manufacture on one hand, and a profitable com- munity of general consumers on the other. The firm of Dudley & Co., however, was established in 1861, before the development of Petroleum along the Southern State line; and while that event added another branch to their business, as Refiners of Petroleum, the operations of the house were originally confined, and are still principally directed to the manufacture of Lubricating and Illuminating Oils 1 E a high test. The business was commenced in a comparatively small way, but proved successful from the first, and has gradually reached proportions of no inconsiderable magni- tude. The Refinery and Factory is situated on Louisiana street, and covers an area of more than two acres. About twenty- five operatives are employed in all, requiring a disbursement for labor alone, of over fifteen thousand dollars per annum. The plant is admirably equipped with all the necessary ap- pliances needed for the manufacture of Lubricating or Illuminating Oils, and is supplied with a 20-horse power steam engine for driving the machinery. Four traveling salesmen are kept upon the road, and a business transacted that extends over a wide area, embrac- ing much of New York State, New England and the Can- adas, and 'eaches a yearly aggregate of about half a million dollars. The memoersof the firm, Messrs. J. D. and J. P. Dudley, have for twenty-five to thirty years resided in Buffalo, and are too well known to require personal mention. Their busi- ness is conducted upon a liberal and honorable basis, and as manufacturers of high proof " Family Safety" Illuminating Oil, Lubricating and Machine Oils, and general dealers in Linseed, Lard, Sperm and other staple and fancy Oils, they stand at the head of the trade, and are entitled to the es- teem and respect with which they are regarded. BUFFALO AND ENVRIONS. !°5 WORTHINGTON & SILL, General Insurance Agents, No. 8 Main Street, and No. 4 Central Whakf. The interests contingent upon Lake and Canal naviga- tion, are of such importance, involve so large an amount of capital, and are -o intimately allied to the general interests of this community as to offer a spacious field for operations for the underwriter, aside from the regular class of Insurance which obtains in most inland towns. Engaged extensively in this line of business, we find Messrs. Worthington & Sill occupying a place of considera- tion in the underwriting fraternity, and transacting in Fire, Lake aud Canal Insurance, a business of some magnitude. This firm, which is composed of C. G. Worthington and Henry S. Sill, was established in 1868, removing three years later to the premises and offices at present occupied at No. 8 Main street, and No. 4 Central Wharf. The Companies represented by Messrs. Worthington & Sill are among the most solvent and substantial institutions of the kind extant, and are as follows: London Assurance Corporation of London, Eng.; North British and Mercan- tile, London; Inperial and Northern Insurance Co.'s, Lon- don; Lancashire Insurance Co., England; Manufacturer's Fire and Marine, Boston, Mass.; St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Co., St. Paul, Minn.; Trader's Insurance Co., (Fire and Marine), Chicago Ills.; Lamar Insurance Co., New York; Detroit Fire and Marine Insurance Co., De- troit, Mich.; First National Fire Insurance Co., Worcester, Mass: Citizen's Insurance Co., New York; Boylston Mutual, of Boston, Mass. These Companies represent in the aggregate assets to the amount of seventy million dollars, and afford policy holders the most undoubted indemnity. For the Lamar Insurance Co, of New York, Messrs. Worthington & Sill are General Agents, having no less than twelve branch agencies controlled by them upon the Lakes. Both members of the firm are natives of New York state, and have acquired a wide experience as underwriters. The promptness, which they have uniformly evinced in the adjustment of losses, has greatly commended the firm to the confidence of the public, and distinguisoed it as one of the most discerning and desirable Insurance houses in Buffalo with which to engage in underwriting transactions. ERIE COUNTY SAVINGS BANK, Corner of Main and Court Streets. There is perhaps no organization in Buffalo which better illustrates the splendid growth and development of this city in its own career, than the Erie County Savings Bank, to which we have referred editorially elsewhere. This re- markable financial institution, was chartered under the laws of the State of New York, April 10th, 1854, and commenced actual operations within a few months there- after. The system at first employed in the receipt of de- posits was such that money was accepted in sums of not less than ten cents, and this practice was continued for about a year and a half, at the end of which time, over six thousand cards had been issued as certificates of deposit for small amounts. At the end of three years from the time of its inception, the Bank had become the custodian of the sav- ings of the people, mainly of the laborious classes, to the extent of six hundred thousand dollars, and had acquired a foothold thoroughly secure and satisfactory. From the first, the policy which directed its affairs was marked by cautious and conservative principles, which inspired the confidence and secured the respect of the community. This may be more fully understood from the fact that in 1S67, or ten years from the date last mentioned, over three million dollars were on deposit, representing over twenty- seven thousand accounts. Still pursuing the financial his- tory of the Bank, we find that on January 1st, 1880, the number of open accounts was above twenty-eight thousand, and the Deposits had risen to the enormous proportions of eight million, eight hundred and ninety-six thousand, eight hundred and thirty-eight dollars and fourteen cents, while the assets were stated at ten million, eighty-seven thousand and forty-six dollars and eighty-one cents, exhibiting a sur- plus of one million, one hundred and ninety thousand, two hundred and eight dollars and sixty-seven cents. In 1865 it was found not only expedient but necessary for the Bank to erect a building for its own use, the site selected being at the corner of Court and Main streets, one of the most prominent, central and desirable locations in the city. The structure was completed and the first floor occupied by the Bank on August 1st, 1867, the upper stories and basement being designed for lodge room, offices, &c. The building was erected with special reference to solidity and exemption from fire, the Bank vaults being unusually capacious and impervious to burglarious attacks. The ma- terial employed is brown stone, and the general appearance ©f the building, architecturally, is such as to make it not only ornamental but a splendid monument to the thrift and integrity of the institution by which it was projected. In looking over the names of those that have been offi- cially connected with this Bank, we note many who have occupied prominent positions in fostering the interests of Buffalo, and in its present officers and Directorate, we find gentlemen whose financial experience and comprehensive breadth of view, reflect great credit upon the institution. Those composing the present Board are as follows: James C. Harrison, John Allen, Jr., Dexter P. Rumsey, Gib- son T. Williams, Stephen V. R. Watson, Richard Bul- lymore, William C. Sherwood, William Wilkeson, F. Augustus Georger, Ethan H. Howard, George Howard, W. H. Glenny, Alonzo Richmond, David R. Morse, Alexander Brush, Henry M. Kent. Of these Mr. Harrison has been president since September 5th, 1877, and for several years prior to that time was second vice president of the institu- tion. The present Secretary and Treasurer is Mr. Cyrus P. Lee, who has occupied that position since the origin of the Bank twenty-six years ago. We cannot do less in closing this brief notice with refer- ence to one of the most eminent institutions of its kind in the State, than to say that all things being regarded in proportionate degree, its expenses are less than any other cotemporaneous institution in this city; a statement which is the best evidence of the economy and excellent judgment with which it is conducted J. W. SCHWINN, Umbrellas and Parasols, No. 521 Washington Street. in a general review of the business of a city, among tne many different branches which contribute to the welfare of man, the manufacture of umbrellas and parasols must be considered among the most necessary. The estab- lishment of Mr. Schwinn, located at 521 Washington street, is the oldest and most extensive factory of umbrellas, parasols, canes, looking glass and picture frames in this city. The proprietor, who was born In Germany and came to this country in 1846 and engaged in his present business thirty-three years ago, has grown aged with his now large trade. The business occupies three floors of a build- ing; the upper floors being* used for the manufacture of picture frames, mouldings and other goods kept in stock. A capital of about $3,000 is required in the manufacture of umbrellas and parasols, and about $1,000 in the picture frame and moulding department. In connection with his wholesale and retail trade, which is chieflv located in this city, he has a repairing apartment where all jobs are neatly and quickly done. He also gives particular attention to the manufacture of railroad bulletin boards, which are made after any design desired, and in all these various branches and subdivisions of the work, the greatest care is exercised, and parties desiring reliable goods can always find them here JOHN C. POST & SON, Importers of and Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Paints, Oils, Glass, etc., 20 E. Swan Street, Corner Washington. In the preparation of an exhaustive work of this character, from the contents of which an estimation may be formed of the business capabilities as well as resources of our city, notice has necessarily been taken of every branch of reput- able business, comment upon some branch of which will prove only interesting to those connected with the respec- tive lines, while others will be of interest to men of every business, trade and profession; to the latter class belongs the business of Messrs. Jchn C. Post & Son, at the corner of Swan and Washington streets. As importers of and wholesale and retail dealers in Paints and Colors, Oils, Varnishes. Artists Materials and fancy goods of every kind, used as stock or equipment for the amateur or professional painter, Window and Picture Glass of all sizes and values, and in brief every article connected in any way with this line of trade, the house of John C. Post & Son may be considered as one of the best stocked and most reliable concerns to be found in this country, and may justly be credited as contributing in no small degree to the repu- tation of Buffalo as a purchasing point for this line of goods, equal to that of New York City or any other Eastern center. In the direct importation of English and French Plate Glass, the house enjoys such foreign relations as to place it io6 BUFFALO AND ENVIOXS. at once in a position to supply the trade or the builder with first-class plates of every weight and dimension. For the demands of an extensive city trade (.larger than that of any other house) and a patronage in a wholesale way through Western New York, Pennsylvania and Canada, a stock is carried reaching about twenty thousand dollars in value, and a business transacted annually closely on to fifty- thousand dollars, requiring eight assistants in the different departments. The house, which was established in 1847 by Charles H. Coleman, in i860 came into the proprietorship of Mr. John C. Post, who in 1876 was succeeded by the present firm composed of Messrs. John C. and his son John H. Post, the latter named gentleman having the management of the business, and is regarded as one of our city's most enterpris- ing young business men. Possessing in every respect first-class business facilities, and pursuing a business course and maintaining a policy without blemish, the firm of John C. Post & Son are natur- ally and justly accorded the greatest consideration bj- the trade and the community at large. ALBERT ZIEGELE & CO., Lager Beer Brewery, 831 to 841 Main Street. In reviewing the various industries that have made Buf- falo one of the chief centres of trade and rnanufacture in this country, it is curious, as well as instructive, to note the advances that have been made in each several line of pro- duct, and to ascertain exactly the progress that has been secured by industry and capital. In overlooking the fisld, we find that in the production of Malt Liquors a signal success has been achieved, and that the annual product in this direction has grown, especially during the last decade, to proportions which should be fully recognized in this work. Of those who have distinguished themselves in this vocation we are under obligation to note the firm of Albert Ziegele & Co., as having had no small share in the develop- ment of trade in this department, and the manufacture of a product that will bear favorable comparison with any in the United States. In alluding to the origin of the business we find that it was established in 1S50 by Albert Ziegele, Sr., who, having acquired a thorough knowledge of brewing in Germany, commenced operations with a leased Brewery on Genesee street. Three years later, however, he began to build for himself on Main street, and, in 1855, having completed the erection of an extensive plant for that period, commenced the Brewing of Beer on his own premises. The product of the first year was about two thousand barrels, which, however, as the business increased, was annually augmented, until at present not less than twenty- five thousand barrels are produced yearly, while the capa- city of the plant is stated at forty thousand barrels. Lo- cated on both sides of Washington street, with a frontage of 116 feet on Main street, the establishment is very extensive, and comprises the brewery on the west side, with ice-house; on the east side a malt-house, ice-house and barn, with splendid facilities for the manufacture of Malt, to the ex- tent of forty-five thousand bushels yearly (in addition in which fifteen thousand bushels are annually consumed from other sources), and an equipment throughout which involves the finest machinery in the chemistry of malting and beer manufacturing. This machinery has been applied by Mr. Ziegele after the most erudite research, and affords sui h facilities as are rarely concentrated in any one establish- ment. Since October 1st, 1879, Mr. Ziegele, Sr., has retired to a large extent from the immediate supervision of the concern, leaving it to the management of Albert Ziegele, Jr., Her- man Grau and William Ziegele, who, in their prosecution of the business, have adhered strenuously to the principles laid down by its founder. In order that the highest intelli- gence might be brought to bear upon the business, Mr, Ziegele, Sr., caused both his sons, Albert and William, to attend the College of Applied Sciences, at Stuttgart, Wur- temburg, with special reference to the acquisition of a thorough, practical education. In a subdivision therefore of the duties for each member of the firm, William Ziegele controls the brewing and con- tingent departments; Albert, Jr., has charge of the clerical work and finances; while Mr. Grau supervises the cellars and attends to shipping, &c. These vaults, by the way, are of the largest dimensions, and are capable of containing fourteen thousand barrels of Lager. They are kept at an even temperature, and if desired at _ very low one, at all seasons, by the use of an apparatus of comparatively recent invention, by means of which ammonia gas is passed through a system of pipes in the cellars, absorbing the heat of and congealing the atmosphere, and thus producing uni- form density, highly necessary for the perfect preservation of the Beer at its ripest excellence. Two machines are used for this purpose, driven by steam power; and though in successful operation for two years are as yet the only appliances of this kind in use in Buffalo. Nor are other facilities wanting to place this brewery among the first and most celebrated in the country, an enumeration of which would be almost tedious. Among others, however, it may be stated, that a number of enormous casks are required, the aggregate capacity of which is six thousand and eight thousand barrels respectively, in the two cellars; while the two brewing kettles have a capacity for one hundred and sixty barrels each. Twenty-four men are employed in the various depart- ments of the manufacture, and five double wagons, with teams, are necessary lor the daily shipment and transporta- tion of material to, or products from this model establish- ment. The trade which as before stated has increased steadily, from two thousand to twenty-five thousand barrels annually, w hich, extending all over Western New York and Northern Pennsylvania, indicates in its very growth the estimation which is put upon the Ziegele Beer by the public, and es- tablishes our statement in regard to its superiority. For the accomodation of the Pennsylvania district, the firm has established an agency at Bradford to supply the trade, which is represented by Woodbury & Campbell, to whom dealers in that district of country should send for sample kegs, or address their orders. Albert Ziegele, Sr., was born in Germany, in 1818, and acquired, by long apprenticeship, as perfect a knowledge of his vocation as was attainable at that time, in a country whose product in Malt Liquors has been held in the highest esteem as a national beverage for many centuries. Coming to this country in 1849, he at once settled in Buffalo, and began, without delay, the prosecution of his business. During the thirty-one years that have since elapsed, his career has been marked by industry, and his characteristics have led him in every possible way within his influence to foster that enterprise and public prosperity, for which this city is remarkable. In retiring to some extent from the cares of a business that has outgrown all his early expec- tations, he placed it in charge of those who are in sympathy with his policy, and not less determined to conduct it upon the same liberal and upright basis that has always proved so admirable in the past. In resigning the reins to younger men, Mr. Ziegele has not been left without occupation. He finds recreation in the management of a charming place of some six or seven acres near the park, where he resides, and in the cultivation of which, and its adornment, he has spent considerable time, labor and money. The grapery here is perhaps the finest in Buffalo, and the grounds are laid out with taste and discernment. Should Mr. Ziegele ever consent to throw this place open to the public, it would form one of the most delightful resorts about this city. Here, however, he entertains his friends and dispenses his hospitality with a liberal hand. The natural sceneiy is not surpassed in this section of the country; the growth of original forest trees, and a natural ravine covered with grass and well ■shaded, giving a tomantic aspect to the grounds, which, with the artificial steps, terraces, fountain, &c, render the place, as a whole, worthy of the highest commendations. Buiit in the sidehill here, and entirely under the surface, is a Lager Beer cellar of large capacity, over which Mr. Zie- gele, ever considerate of his friends (of whom he has hosts), has lately erected a building, perhaps one hundred and twenty-five feet long by about fifty feet wide, more than half of which is devoted to a spacious hall, where pic-nic parties may enjoy themselves to accompanying music, and avail themselves also of the recreation and diversion of the grounds by a permit from the proprietor. There is no doubt but this lovely spot, with its flower-gardens and pleasing scenery, is destined to become a favorite spot in our city, and reflects the greatest credit upon its projector. SCATCHERD & SON, Wholesale Dealers in ..ardwood Lumber, 32S Louisiana Street. It is no difficult matter, by glancing at the map of the Great American Lakes, to notice the prominent position en- joyed by the city of Buffalo, and the advantages thus gained for the transportation of freight. Situated at the eastern extremity of Lake Erie, she be- comes the depot for all Lake trade, being the most accessi- ble point for trans-shipment to all eastern points by rail; and it is therefore not surprising that the business here transacted, both in Lumber and Grain, should have reached such vast proportions. Established since 1857, we notice the firm of James N. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS, I07 Scatcherd & Son, wholesale dealers in Hardwood Lumber, whose two spacious yards are situated, the one on Ohio Basin and Slip, Miami and Louisiana streets, the other on the opposite corner of the same streets, the former occu- pying one whole block in area, and both containing every convenience for the sheltering and preservation of Lumber. This location is one of the best in the city, being placed at equal distance, within two blocks of all railroads entering Buffalo, and with a water-front giving access to all Lake and Canal craft. They carry a stock of Butternut, Chestnut, Ash, Oak, Maple, Cherry, Whitewood and Red Cedar, together with a large assortment of Veneers, Counter Tops, Newel Posts and Balusters, receiving orders for such from all parts of the country. In addition to this extensive establishment in Buffalo, the firm are in possession of other yards in Indianapolis, Ind., under the management of their agents, Messrs. Gage & Wright, and in order that no delay should be experienced by their patrons, they here fill orders directly from their Indi- ana Yards. With such facilities, and with experience of so many years, it is not a matter of surprise that the trade enjoyed by this house should be a most extended one, covering a territory comprising the New England states, as well as all Eastern points; and our readers abroad, desiring to purchase, may fully rely upon receiving that attention to orders, and quality of material, justly in keeping with the standing of this well known establishment. For situation of Yards and Docks of this firm, where am- ple water for vessels of all sizes can be found, see refer- ence to city map published herein, and designed expressly for this work. See advertisement elsewhere. THOMAS CLARK, Maltster, Rectifier, Proprietor of Red Jacket Distillery, and Niagara Elevator and Malt House, corner of Washington and Perry Streets. The various enterprises which have sprung into existence and flourishing prosperity, under the control and direction of Mr. Thomas Clark are of such a character as to become particularly fit subjects for notice in this work. A resident of Buffalo for thirty-two years, Mr. Clark established his business in 1848, founding in that year the Red Jacket Distillery, and commencing at the same time operations as a rectifier and manufacturer of alcohol and Cologne spirits. What was the original capacity of the Distillery, we are not informed, nor is it easy to make a correct estimate of the amount of business transacted at that early day. That it has increased, however, out of all proportion with its original dimensions, is unquestionably true, as the present capacity of the establishment is such as to consume six hundred bushels of mixed grain per day in the Distillery; while in Rectifying, the business is relatively great. These departments of the trade occupy several plants, the Rectifying being carried on at the corner of Washington and Perry streets, where, with capacious store house and ware rooms, cellars, &c, a building is occupied four stories high, covering an area of 60x100 feet. The Distillery, which is situated on Seneca street, with Malt house. Store house and adjacent buildings, forms a very extensive plant, and occupies not less than an acre and a half; the aid of every modern improvement and appliance being invoked to procure a production as perfect as possible. The principal Malt house, adjacent to the Elevator, it should be stated, was erected in 1868, while during the same year the Niagara Elevator was also built upon a scale which ranks it as one of the largest grain receivers in the country. The capacity of the former is one hundred thou- sand bushels per annum, and there were handled through the Niagara Elevator during 1879, 10,382,252 bushels of grain. This structure occupies an area of 130x125 ieet, the main building having an altitude of one hundred and thirty-five ft., the tower alone occupying a superficial area of 65x32 ft., while the whole edifice is constructed entirely of brick and iron in the most substantial manner; the Elevators, spout- ing, receiver, weigh hopper, and all roofs, are entirely of iron. This building contains 144 grain bins from fifty-two to seventy-three feet deep, affording storage accommoda- tions for eight hundred thousand bushels at one time, while the facilities for receiving are such that seven thousand five hundred bushels of grain can be elevated per hour, and fourteen thousand delivered during the same time. The situation of this establishment on Ohio street, affords every convenience for making transfers, and the receipt and discharge of grain to or from railroads or vessels; the stone dock frontage of four hundred and twenty feet accommo- dating craft of all sizes. Built by a joint stock company of which Mr. Clark was president, the property eventually passed to his possession, and both with reference to its machinery, arrangement and fireproof properties is regarded as one of the finest structures of the kind in the State. A steam engine of 175-horse power is required for operating the machinery, while at the adjoining malt house a 25- horse power steam engine is in constant requisition. As an evidence of the impetus to industry which is created by these various colossal undertakings, it may be stated that one hundred and six men are employed at the Eleva- tor and Malt house, at an expense of about two thousand dollars per month, while the amount paid for labor at the Distillery, Store house, &c, is about six hundred and fifty dollars, making an annual disbursement of nearly thirty- two thousand dollars. A native of England, Mr. Clark originally settled in Perry, removing, a few years later, to Geneva, N. Y., com- ing to Buffalo, as before stated, in 1848; since which time, as may be inferred, he has been largely and successfully concerned in promoting the growth, development and pros- perity of this city. The position which he has invariably occupied in the transaction of a diversified business, has been clearly indicative of an energy and liberality that has been justly rewarded in the brilliant success achieved, and the high esteem with which he is regarded. See advertise- ment elsewhere. HALL & SONS, Manufacturers of Fire and Building Bricks, Dea- lers in Terra Cotta. Office, 15 Clinton Street; Works, North Buffalo. It is impossible, we are convinced, for the reader to ex- amine the contents of this work without being forcibly im- pressed with the wonderful diversity which the industries of this city have assumed within the last two decades. Within this period much has been done to construct avenues of trade, hitherto unknown in this community. In this relation the enterprise of Messrs. Hall & Sons must be viewed, and accorded such consideration as should be awarded the only manufactory of its kind in Buffalo. The business to which the above firm has succeeded, was established in Perth Amboy, N. J., in 1846, and continued in successful operation until May, 1879; when, by the for- mation of a stock company, the manufacture of Terra Cotta was carried on exclusively," for the sale of which Messrs. Hall & Sons became the factors in Western New York. This firm, however, was established in Buffalo in 1866, and has been engaged for years in the manufacture of Fire Brick, Stove Tiles, Back Walls and Building Brick of the best quality and various shapes. The clay required for the manufacture of this material is brought direct from Perth Amboy, and also from points in Pennsylvania, these clays forming an admixture which secures the best possible results. The plant of the firm is located in North Buffalo, and covers an area of nearly five acres. The buildings are not only numerous but very extensive, comprising in part as follows: One brick building with slate roof, 48x165 feet in dimen- sions; one brick structure of the same character, 120x50 feet; one building used as a storehouse for clay, 50x200 feet in area, besides other houses for storage, warerooms, etc., all covering in addition about half an acre. At present the total number of hands employed at these works is about thirty, the demand, however, during the season requires the services of from seventy to eighty men, or perhaps more, to keep pace with the rapid development of the busi- ness. These works have been equipped with every modern appliance for the rapid manipulation of the clay, many of the machines in use having been invented and patented by the firm. A 60-horse-power steam engine operates the mechanism, while the annual capacity is not less than three million bricks alone. Dealing in Terra Cotta Ware, the firm is prepared to offer extraordinary inducements to the trade as well as to private consumers. The variety of this ware is remarkable, especially in Ornamentations for Grounds, Ar- chitectural embellishments, Spanish Mosaics and Tiles for Flooring, Glazed and Hand-painted Tile, and imported goods in Art Terra Cotta ware, from Charlottenberg, of quaint and novel descriptions. In the department of Ar- chitectural Ceramics will be found an immense supply of Cornices, Capitals, Wall Copings, Belt Courses, Window and Door Caps, Chimney Tops, Crestings, etc., etc., all of which are guaranteed equal to the best goods of the kind extant. When we say that in Fire Brick every shape for furnaces, ovens, arches, piers, linings, jams, boshes, cupolas, etc., are produced, the reader interested in such matters will understand precisely the idea we wish to convey. io8 BUFFALO AND ENVIONS. Though conducted under the firm style as above, Mr. Ed- ward J. Hall is in fact the sole proprietor and prosecutor of the business which he has caused to range over the entire Western States, including the larger cities as well as the Lake Superior district, Canadian Provinces and New York State. A native of Ohio, Mr. Hall has been a resident of Buffalo since 1866, and, forebearing personal remark, we may say that those of our readers concerned, either here or at a distance, will find their interests promoted by making ap- plication to Hall & Sons for information or illustrated de- scriptive matter, which will be promptly forwarded. BUFFALO GERMAN INSURANCE COMPANY, Offices and Buildings Corner Main and Lafay- ette Streets. The place occupied by the Buffalo German Insurance Co. in this community is such, that in depicting the com- mercial, manufacturing and other advantages of Buffalo, we should be loth to omit mention of an institution that adds to the solvency and solidity of our mercantile enterprises, affording that protection and security guaranteed only by the best underwriting organizations. -km sir ii \inMb Wi> WNMM The above concern was incorporated under the laws of the state of New York, (proverbially efficient in this direc- tion,) in 1867, February 15, with a Cash Capital of one hun- dred thousand dollars, afterwards increased, in 1871, to double this sum. From its inception till the present time, the career of the company, under eareful, conservative management has proved a successful one in the highest sense, as may be readily inferred from the fact that nearly one million dollars losses have been promptly paid; the Company having a net surplus, over and above Capital, Re- Insurance and all other liabilities, amounting to nearly half a million dollars. As an evidence of the skill retained in its management, these figures are an overwhelming^ commen- tary, and reveal a healthy and prosperous condition worthy of the highest praise. While sedulously looking after its own advantage, the Company has by no means ignored that of its patrons, as at- tested by the fact that it was one of but few organiza- tions in the State to (ike a voluntary place under what is known as the Surplus Law, an enactment of the State in 1874, whereby the Dividends to Stockholders are limited to seven percent, on the Capital and earned surplus, the pro- fits in excess of these requirements being divided into two separate Funds, denominated the Guaranty Surplus Fund, and the Special Reserve Fund. The former, together with the Capital is liable for the payment of all losses by ordinary or extraordinary conflagrations, while, should an emergency arise by which they wonld be entirely absorbed, the Special Reserve Fund is called into requisition for the protection of other policy holoers and the settlement of subsequent fire losses without the intervention of a receiver, or any tedious legal deiays. By this means the Company has, so far as human wisdom will permit, placed itself inapositii n to cope with the most extraordinary casualties, and retain uie confi- dence of policy holders at periods otherwise likely to occa- sion distrust. The chief executive officers of the Company are as follows: Philip Becker, President; Julius Fuchs, Vice President; Oliver J. Eggert, Secretary; Frederick C. Haupt, Assistant Secretary, and Geo. A. Reinhardt, General Agent. The Board of Directors, besides including the President and Vice-President, is representative of solid wealth, relia- bility ancrsuccess, and is composed of the following gentle- men; Louis P. Adolff, Chas. Boiler, Dr. F. C. Brunck, Adam Cornelius, John P. Diehl, Jacob Dold, F. A. Georger, Geo. Goetz, E. G. Grey, Dr. John Hauenstein, Wm. Hellriegel, Jacob Heimenz, Philip Houck, Michael Mesmer, N. Ot- tenot, Henry C. Persch, J. F. Schoellkopf and Albert Zie- gele, Sr. With this corps of officers, the interests of the Buffalo German Insurance Company are not likely to become less important, or its usefulness decrease; on the contrary, it may be assumed from the past that the organization will continue its career at the head of all local cotemporaneous institutions. The building erected and in part occupied by the com- pany, is one of the handsomest iron structures in the State, and forms a splendid monument of the enterprise and wealth of the institution; the accompanying illustration will give our readers an idea of its extent and architectural ele- gance It was completed in 1876, at a total cost of $203,000, in addition to which the value of the property on which it stands should be added, making in all a round total of $275,000. The business transacted by the Company ranges through fifteen different states, requiring over one hundred agents, besides one general agent and three solicitors in this city. The whole is supervised by the Secretary, and in every respect the operations of the concern will bear the closest scrutiny, and are entitled to the highest encomiums. WILLARD W. BROWN, Wholesale Lumber Office, 4 Main Street and No. 2 Central Wharf. In this review of the resources of Buffalo we have devoted special attention to the imports and exports of lumber, and in carrying out our plan of noticing each individual firm separately, we would not be justified in omitting some men- tion of the enterprise conducted by Mr. Willard W. Brown. It is more than ten years since Mr. Brown commenced operations as a Wholesale Lumber Merchant in this city, and from moderate beginnings has gone on enlarging his business until, in at least one particular branch, he is ahead of his cotemporaries, as shall afterwards appear. The trade carried on by this house is principally in Pine Lumber and Ship Plank, and in order that our interested leaders may know to what limits the trade extends, we may mention that about seven million feet of Pine Lumber alone are handled annually. In Ship Plank alone the trade annu- ally amounts to three hundred thousand feet, and in this particular line it is not going too far to say that this house handles more Ship Plank than all the other dealers com- bined. Indeed, this is a specialty, and when it is considered how far nearly half a million feet of Ship Plank will go in ship building, the trade may be regarded as assuming large proportions. For several years past a trade has been car- ried on in Sycamore Lumber alone of nearly three million feetj as well as an annual turn over in Shingles of eight million pieces, and in Laths of six million. We have said enough to show the extent of the business of Mr. Brown, and as an evidence of the facilities at his dis- posal for conducting it, we may state that he has a thousand feet frontage on the City Ship Canal and Hatch Slip, and refer our readers to the map of Buffalo for the exact loca- tion of the Lumber Yards. The office of the concern is located as above, having an entrance both from No. 4 Main street and No. 2 Central Wharf. The market for the Pine Lumber, Shingles and Lath ex- tends principally along the line of the Erie Canal, the Erie and Central Railroads in the Summer, and during the Win- ter a large trade is carried on by Mr. Brown with the sea board cities of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Eastern points generally, while the Ship Plank and Sycamore Lumber is almost entirely consigned to New York City. The entire business is under the direct personal super- vision of the proprietor, aided by his brother L. H. Brown, who has the management of the Lumber Yards, and upon BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. I09 whom the duties of selecting ana assorting the lumber on its r.rrival at the dock devolve. We will avoid all personal comment, and conclude by saying that from the already well-earned reputation of Mr. Brown, business relations entered into with him can only prove profitable, pleasant and permanent. WHITE'S BANK OF BUFFALO, 14 West Seneca Street. For more than twenty-seven years White's Bank of Buf- falo has been a prominent land mark in the history of the monetary system of this community, and has, during so ex- tended a period, exercised an influence upon local trade and commerce, of the most salutary character. Organized under the State Laws by George C. White and William Williams, with a capital of one hundred thou- sand dollars, April 1st, 1853, 'he bank at once became a favorite institution, so much so, indeed, as to make neces- sary an increase of capital in 1854, which was then and thereafter fixed at two hundred thousand dollars; and though the original founders have been deceased for some years, the Bank still continues as ever, a useful and prosper- ous career. It appears, from a report made to the State Bank Super- intendent, March 20th, 1880, that the accumulated profits of the institution amounted at that time to forty thousand dollars, and the deposits from various sources aggregated over three quarters of a million dollars, while under the head of Resources, Loans and Discounts, monopolize over seven hundred and fifty-six thousand dollars of the Assets, which in total, reach nearly nine hundred thousand dollars. Conducting a general Discount and Deposit business, this Bank also gives special attention to collections on this city, Western New York, Pennsylvania, the Western States and Canadas. promptly remitting for the same by Drafts on New York City at the lowest exchange rates. A consider- able amount of business is also transacted with Banks and Bankers elsewhere, and especially in the West, for whom Deposits are received for proceeds of grain and other prop- erty, and accounted for without extra charge. Its connections and correspondents in all the principal points are carefully selected with a view to celerity and sol- vent responsibility, as illustrated by the following list of correspondents: Corn Exchange Bank, New York; Conti- nental National Bank, New York; Union National Bank, Chicago; Preston, Keene & Co., Chicago; Revere National Bank, Boston; Tradesman's National Bank, Philadelphia; Albany County Bank, Albany; Dominion Bank of Toronto. The present chief executive officers of White's Bank of Buffalo, are as follows: James D. Sawyer, President; James D. Warren, Vice President; Elisha 1. Smith, Cash- ier; the Directors being, in addition to the officers first named, John B. Griffin, Rufus L. Howard, O. G. Warren and Nelson K. Hopkins, all of whom are not only inti- mately but largely concerned in the commercial and manu- facturing enterprises of this city, upon which they have each made their own indelible imprint. Vested in such hands, and under the supervision of the Cashier, who has been for more than twenty-seven years a Banker, it is not surprising that this Bank has safely sur- vived every financial convulsion that has deranged the fiduciary system since its organization, leaving it to-day without a superior in the respect and consideration of the community. F. W. CAULKINS, Architect and Superintendent, Room 8 Townsend Block, Corner of Main and Swan Streets. In a city of the magnitude and importance of Buffalo, it is to be expected that there are many who, adopting the pro- fession of the Architect, make it their work to design and construct the edifices essential to the adornment of the city. Among those who have devoted themselves to this an- tique and noble branch of the fine arts, is Mr. F. W. Caulk- ins, who, formerly associated with Mr. M. E. Beebe, designed many of those splendid structures with which Buffalo is so profusely embellished. In verification of this statement numerous buildings may be pointed out as being constructed upon the original de- signs of Mr. Caulkins. Of these, the extensive Malt House built for Mr. W. W. Sloan, four stories, 45x150 feet, is justly regarded as the most complete of its kind in the city. A residence on Porter avenue for Mr. Sidenstricker; a three story block of three houses for Mr. F. B. Curtiss, of the firm of Bickfnrd & Curtiss; a residence at Fort Erie for Mr. Grant Warren, Collector of Customs; also extensive altera- tions on the North Presbyterian Church, involving the con- struction of an alcove for a new organ, and the springing of the largest arch in Buffalo; extensive improvements and alterations on the elegant residence of Mr. George Francis, corner of Franklin and Allen streets, involving interior alter- ations, the construction of bay windows, large verandah etc.; changes and additions to Mr. M. B. Moore\ residence, 252 Niagara street; a large fire proof building for Dr. James White, costing one hundred thousand dollars; a spacious business block, for offices exclusively above the first floor, on Main street, running through from Swan to Erie streets and which is said to be the most complete block of the kind in this part of the State; likewise a residence for Mr. S. L. Holmes of Newton, Mass.; a very fine residence for Mr. C. M. Lyman, of this city at West Seneca, and which will be one of the most complete country residences in or around Buffalo, in addition, a large barn has been designed and constructed for the same gentleman; a fine frame house for Mr. Frank C. Porter on The Circle, which will combine all the most approved modern improvements; improving the residence of Mr. L. M. Kimball on Franklin street; over- hauling a large residence at the corner of Pennsylvania street and Fargo avenue for Mr. Edward W. Eames, which alterations have made the residence a very complete and elegate one; a very handsome frame office building for the Delany Forge Company at 306 Perry street, with many other works and buildings, all of which have been designed since commencing business for himself in April, 1879. Be- sides giving discerning attention to Architecture, properly speaking Mr. Caulkins also designs and is now engaged upon fine interior finishing and artistic embellishments for the residences of opulent citizens. There are some facts within our knowledge that would demonstrate more clearly even than by the examples given, the remarkable proficiency attained by Mr. Caulkins in his art, and the intuitive skill with which he pursues his voca- tion. These facts, however, as others have derived the credit from his work, we are not permitied to mention, but can truthfully say, that in Buffalo at least, Mr. Caulkins stands at the head of his profession. He employs a large corps of thoroughly competent assistants, and possesses ex- cellent facilities for re-producing his plans by a new and unique process of photography. In conclusion we refer our readers to the buildings mentioned in proof of our state- ments, and have no doubt their interests will be conserved by entering into business relations with Mr. Caulkins at the above address. THE WESTERN ELEVATING CO., 12 Ohio Street. The Western Elevating Co. of Buffalo has had such a momentous influence in promoting the Grain trade of Buf- falo, as to require special recognition in this work as an in- stitution promotive in the highest degree of those commer- cial facilities and resources for which this city has become widely celebrated. Before the organization of this association, the trans-ship- ment of cereals at this point, while conducted upon a scale of great magnitude, was still far from being upon the fixed financial basis which obtains at present. Receipts for Grain at that time stored by private firms and individuals were not, and could not be considered as ample collateral by the Banks, as such security would depend al- together upon the honesty, as well as the solvency of the Warehouseman. As the transactions in grain annually in- creased, it became obvious that some remedy should be applied to the existing defects of the system in vogue, and emanating from such considerations, the Western Elevating Co. was incorporated in 1857, and succeeded in at once effecting the desired reforms. When the Association was first formed, but three Eleva- tors, all at that time in Buffalo, pooled their interests in the organization, and illustrative of the change that has taken place in twenty-three years we may state, that at present the Company embraces twenty-eight Elevators and seven 14 Floaters," twenty-three of which were employed during 1879, handling seventy-five million, eighty-nine thousand, four hundred and twenty-four bushels of Grain. In this work the industries of Buffalo were promoted to a marked degree, in engaging the services of one thousand men directly per week, besides an innumerable contingent on Lake, Canals and Railways, involving an outlay by the Association for labor alone, of over ten thousand dollars per week during the shipping season. One of the most useful functions of the Western Elevat- ing Co. is in the regulation of charges for elevating, which by its means are made uniform throughout, enabling West- ern shippers to make calculations with greater safety and accuracy. During the past year, the rates for handling reached the minimum figure of five-eighths of one per cent. per bushel, or one half less than the cost of the same work in any part of the United States or the world. With a BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. transferring capacity of two and a half millions of bushels a day, and facilities for loading a Canal barge with Grain in forty-five minutes, the Company is prepared to meet the demands of shippers from all quarters and promptly effect transfers or secure storage as desired. Many of the Elevators so co-operating are of the largest dimensions, two are entirely fire proof, have been tried and found perfect, and all vary in cost from ten thousand dollars to three-quarters of a million, representing a total capital that speaks in the most eloquent terms of the enterprise, energy and sagacity of those influencing and controlling this colossal trade. The chief executive officers of the Company are W. H. Abell, Esq., President; D.S. Austin, Esq., Vice-President; P. G. Cook, Jr., Esq., Secretary and Treasurer. The Executive Committee is as follows: Jno. Wikeson, W. H. Greene, T. G. Avery, Jas. W. Whitney, Thos. Clarke, Chas. Ensign, J. M. Richmond, C. J. Wells and C. F. Sternberg, under the management of these gentlemen all matters pertaining to the business of the Company is transacted with a system and perspicacity of the first order, enabling those who estab- lish relations with it, to transact all operations with prompt- ness, confidence and absolute security. With reference to the Grain trade of Buffalo, we might treat of it here, but full details and statistics will be found in the editorial portion of this work, to which the attention of our readers is called. WILLIAM WRIGHT, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Millinery Goods, 446 Main Street. There are few industries of the city of Buffalo which this comprehensive work will record, which require a higher and more refined taste in its operations, than that of the Millin- ery business; but the eminent success which has attended the establishment and conduct of this branch of trade by Mr. William Wright since 1874, is a sufficient evidence of his thorough adaptation to its requirements. This business was .first established in 1850, by Thomas Wright, who retiring in the year i860, was succeeded by Mr. James Wright, himself, being followed by the present proprietor, Mr. William Wright, in the early part of 1874. The building occupied, No. 446 Main street, stands on an area of 22x117 feet, and is both spacious and commodi- ous, being kept constantly well stocked with seasonable and desirable articles of Millinery, Trimmings, Hosiery, Gloves, Notions, &c, the whole being valued at not less than ten thousand dollars, whilst the annual sales amount to the comfortable sum of from fifty to sixty thousand dollars. The assortment of goods here selected cannot fail to attract the attention of ladies as the entire stock is con- stantly being replenished, with all the newest and latest styles, which the fashion of the day demands. It is not surprising, then, that this well known and firmly estab- lished house, should have attained the success it enjoys, and which the long experience of the proprietor in the business, and his general liberal policy and integrity, fully warrants a lengthened and extended continuance. Mr. Wright has been a resident of this city for thirty years having come from Rochester to Buffalo in 1850; it is needless, therefore, to dwell more fully upon his career in this community, his long residence and well known business qualities having gained him a reputation no words of ours could add to. Our readers at a distance, desiring to purchase or replen- ish their stock, cannot do better than to consult Mr. Wright before placing their orders elsewhere. G. W. McCRAY, Drugs, Medicines, Etc., 213 Main Street. Twenty-five years ago' Dr. McCray came to Buffalo from Connecticut, of which state he is a native, and estab- lished himself here as a retail Druggist. Being an attentive student, he soon devoted his attention to special remedies for chronic diseases, and has by years of experience attained celebrity for his medical discoveries. Taking it for an established fact that the source of all dis- eases spring from impurity of the blood, he turned his mind to the discovery of a remedy which would keep clear and in a perfect state the vital fluid, so that it would not become thick or diseased, entailing upon the unfortunate sufferer pains, sickness and distress. When the blood becomes choked and ceases to act, it is of the utmost importance that the va- rious passages of the body should be kept free and open, and Dr. McCray's discoveries purposely tend to stimulate the stomach into healthy action, and restore the impaired func- tions of the body to robust and vigorous health. About five years ago he began the wholesale Drug busi- ness, with the manufacture of his special remedies, to which he has ever since confined his business. The premises he occupies consist of five floors, and these are divided into two departments; namely, the compound- ing and general sales departments, each, in its respective place, receiving Dr. McCray's enlightened experience and personal supervision. He is the discoverer and proprietor of several specialties in medicines, which he strongly advocates. Among others his Pcdophyllin Pills are claimed to be an unfailing rem- edy for all Bilious Complaints, Nervous Headache, Dys- pepsia, Neuralgia, etc. These pills are compounded from powerful vegetable remedies, free from every mineral in- gredient, and are of such a nature that they will allay the sufferings of infants or the most delicate patients, while at the same time they are sufficiently active to cleanse out the obstructions in the most vigorous and robust constitutions. Bristol's Balsam of Hoarhound is another celebrated specific, which is invaluable in cases of Colds, Coughs and Consumption. It is in high repute, and the sale has be- come very extensive, and is daily increasing. He has lately made another valuable acquisition to his catalogue of manufactures in the article of Huff's Liniment. This Liniment has been before the Canadian public since 1832, and is regarded as a most reliable article for the relief and cure of Inflammatory Rheumatism, White Swellings, Flesh Wounds of all kinds. Felons, Bruises, Burns, Scalds, Sprains, etc., etc.; in fact, for every description of Wounds, Warts, Chilblains, etc., as well as all complaints of horses resulting from straining or accident that may cause Ring- bone, Spavin, Cracked Heels and every disease of the limbs and hoofs. " After a thorough investigation as to the merits of this specific, Dr. McCray has entered upon the manufacture of Huff's Liniment, and is prepared to furnish the trade or in- dividuals with small pr large quantities as desired. Other Drugs and Medicines are always kept in stock, in which a large wholesale business is done. Another department in connection with the general business is devoted to the sale of Fancy and Toilet articles. Perfumery, etc., and pure Wines and Liquors for medicinal purposes. Dr. McCray has the help of three assistants, and the rep- utation of his medicines is widely known, the trade ex- tending throughout Western New York, Pennsylvania and other states. WM. F. VOLKER, Wines, Liquors and Cigars, 360 Main Street. Mi;. W. F. Volker, an American-born citizen, of German descent, has had an experience of sixteen years in the Wine and Liquor business, and thoroughly understands the trade. On October nth, 1879, he commenced business at 360 Main street, with a full stock of goods of superior quality, since which time it has been his aim to add to the reputa- tion of his establishment by replenishing his cellars with the choicest vintage of Foreign and Native Wines, the finest class of Liquors of all kinds, and by keeping in stock a line of cigars, which the discriminating judgment of the most expert connoisseur would highly enjoy and appreciate. Mr. Volker's premises consist of the first floor and base- ment, at 360 Main street, 32x65. He has always on hand a large and full range of goods, the fine quality of which he makes a specialty of. He thoroughly understands his busi- ness for which a visit to his establishment will be sufficient proof. LUCAS CHESTER, Dyeing and Cleaning, 483 Main Street. The leading house in the city in the Dyeing and Cleaning business is that of Mr. Lucas Chester, which is situated at No. 483 Main street. It is likewise the oldest in the line, having been established by Mr. John Chester, the father of the present proprietor, in 1833. Since then many improvements have taken place, and modern appliances have been introduced which afford better facilities for ex- peditiously doing first-class work. The present proprietor, Mr. Lucus Chester, has been al- ways among the first to advance with the requirements of the times, and his present facilities for doing this class of work are the best that can be obtained, and certainly can- not be surpassed in this country. The business premises occupy a building 22x80 feet,with " L" 20x40, two and three stories in height, and are fitted up with a boiler of ten horse power, also steam cylinders, kettles, vats, hot presses, calenders, watering machines, frames, including every improved appliance that is used in the business. All kinds of fine work is done at Mr. Chester's establish- BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 1 I I ment, lace curtains are bleached, and crape, cashmere, brocha, wollen and white merino shawls scoured. With reference to the facilities of this house for doing up lace cur- tains they are simply unsurpassed. Making a specialty of cleaning, bleaching and tinting lace curtains, lace collars, lace handkerchiefs, and choice lece goods of every descrip- tion, or piece lace that may have become soiled on the shelves of merchants, Mr. Chester has lately adopted a new improved process, by which these goods may be restored to their original beauty and value. In this department exraordinary advan- tages are afforded merchants, and a very large business done for the trade. Also special attention is given to the cleaning of table spreads, piano covers, mats, rugs, and even car- pets, which are carefully handled and every vestige of dirt or grease removed. Carpets are also cleaned, and ladies' and gentlemen's garments are scoured and pressed, in ad- dition to the usual business done in the dyeing line. The proprietor gives his own personal supervision to the interests of the concern, and all work is done with the greatest care and dispatch that can be guaranteed by ex- perience and attention. He employs on an average about ten hands all experienced in this kind of work, and has an extensive connection in the city and surroundings, and also fills considerable orders for Pennsylvania, Canada, and all along the lakes, which makes the business of this house the most extensive in this line in Buffalo. Mr. Chester has resided in this city nearly all his life- time, and is well known among business men and in busi- ness connections, as a gentleman of high business experi- ence and thorough responsibility in his undertakings, and all goods sent by express or mail, will be sure to' receive prompt return and give entire satisfaction. CHAS. P. KEHR, Of Kehr's Reed Band and Orchestra, Residence 249 E. Genesee Street. In a city of the size of Buffalo, it is only natural that there should be a demand for those important adjuncts to amusements and entertainments known as Orchestras and Bands, and in this capacity this community is uarticularly well furnished. Prominent amongst the several in existence nere, we notice Kehr's Reed Band, having at its head as leader and manager, Mr. Chas. P. Kehr of East Genesee street, who, from his acknowledged proficiency and gentlemanly bearing has succeeded in establishing a reputation for himself and his band, second to none in this city. Mr. Kehr, with his Orchestra, which is composed of some of the best talent in this neighborhood, is prepared to meet all demands for Concerts, Festivals, Weddings, Balls, Pic- nics, Serenades, and in fact every kind of entertainment that may be required, and parties desiring the services of this eminent musical Company, should leave their orders at Messrs. Denton & Cottier's, 269 Main street, where they will receive the promptest attention. As is well known, Mr. Chas. P. Kehr is a native of Ger- many, but having arrived in this city at the early age of three years, his life has been thoroughly identified with Buffalo, and his long residence here and his musical experi- ence has gained him an enviable reputation in his profes- sion. L. GRANACHER & COMPANY, Parlor Suits, Centep ^ables. Etc.. 215 and 217 ■ Genesee Street The establishment 01 ^. Granacher & Co., turns out nothing but goods of the first-class, and their reputation for fine work and choice taste in furnishing, extends all over many States west of New York. The firm carries on a large wholesale business in the manufacture of Parlor Suits, Centre Tables, and all other goods in their line, and al- together the trade they do during the course of the year, forms a very large item among the other industries of the city. This now extensive business was organized by Mr. Law- rence Granacher in 1853, with a small capital, which has however been gradually increasing ever since that time, until it has reached its present proportions, and the business its present magnitude. The premises consist of a large corner brick building 70x130, running through from Genesee to street, where they employ forty hands. They have also a steam engine with surplus boiler capacity which is constantly at work in supplying power to the necessary machinery used in the establishment. The individual members of the firm are all natives of Germany, L. Granacher was born in 1826, A. Guenther in 1839, and Rudolph Faust in 1849. From 1853 till 1877 the business was in the hands of the originator, Mr. L. Gran- acher, and the present style was on.y assumed two years ago, since which time the trade has been largely extended; extensive orders being constantly filled, and sales maue throughout the entire state of New York, and extending to Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan Indiana, and other Western States. The weekly pay roll in connection with this large business is $300. The stock carried by the Company is about $18,000, and the business done annually amounts in the aggregate to $97,000, all of which is a fair criterfcm to judge of the extensive business done. All the machinery on the premises is of the most modern kind, and specially adapted for this class of trade, and everything else in connection with this prosperous concern, is appropriately suited to the necessitous requirements of the largely increasing trade done by L. Granacher & Co. J. STRIGL, Ladies' and Gents' Fine Shoes, 269 Washington" Street. For more than three years, the establishment of J. Strigl has been growing in favor with the public until it has at length become the resort of all those, throughout the entirff city, who desire the finest and most satisfactory work in gentlemen's Shoes, Boots, Slippers, etc. It is especially noticeable that the skill evinced by Mr. Strigl in his business, has already resulted in an extensive custom trade from the very best classes, and so widely has his reputation as a manufacturer become known, that fre- quent orders are received from various points within a rad- ius of one hundred miles of this city, For neatness, durability and perfect comfort, the work of Mr. Strigl cannot be too highly commended, and may al- ways be relied upon, as several expert workmen in his em- ploy are directed by his own skill and experience. Here, also, repairing is executed neatly and rapidly, and taking one consideration with another, this establishment, in affording superior Custom Work at moderate prices, may be regarded as one of the first in the city. Lately having added a fine assortment of Men's Ready-made Boots and Shoes, all of the most reliable manufacture, he is prepared to give bargains in fine Calf Boots, Shoes and Oxford Ties to his patrons, at prices, in many instances, below the regu- lar shoe-store mark. Though comparatively a young man, having been born Germany in 1850, Mr. Strigl acquired his trade there, and came to America in 1869, settled in Buffalo, and has since been an industrious resident of this city. He has uniformly made it a rule to employ none but skilled workmen, use nothing but the best stock, and the public may depend confidently upon securing from his es- tablishment exactly what they desire. C. C. PICKERING, Wholesale Liquors and Manufacturer of Fruit Brandies, Cordials, Flavoring Extracts, &c, 116 Exchange Street. ♦ It is only by a carefully compiled review of the various business enterprises cf a city, that an idea can be correctly formed of the vocations that are carried on about us. Few, outside of the regular trade in the line of Liquors, Fruit Brandies, &c, are aware of the magnitude of the business done in Buffalo in this branch of industry, and especially in reference to the extent of the operations of the house of C. C. Pickering, located on Exchange street, as above indi- cated. This house was established in 1855, just a quarter of a century ago, by the late Mr. Charles Gibbons, who pur- sued and expanded the business with marked uprightness and ability until his decease in 1872; after which event his estate carried on the business for three years, when the present enterprising proprietor came into possession of the stock, appliances and trade of the house. During the half decade just past, Mr. Pickering has largely extended the facilities for manufacture, which has been necessitated from an increasing patronage built up as a result of placing upon the market, goods of superior merit in flavor, strength and purity, to those of any competitor in the country. These results, which the trade so highly appreciate, have been arrived at only from yeais of study, application and experi- ence, Mr. Pickering, having, doubtless, as thorough a knowledge in the compounding of liquors and extracts, and the manufacture of Fruit Brandies, Cordials and Syrups, as any other gentleman in the United States. In the manufacturing department of the establishment can be seen a full equipment of presses, kettles and boilers, the largest of the latter having a capacity of ten barrels of sugar and fruit juices, being constructed of copper and the largest in this country. Nine skilled assistants are em- 112 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. ployed by the house, including two traveling salesmen, who ■'Afford the requisite aid in transacting a business aggregating seventy-five thousand dollars annually, reaching throughout this State, Pennsylvania, Ohio,' Michigan and the West, where the reputation of the goods of C. C. Pickering is Well established and regarded with the utmost favor for all those essential qualifications which make them the favorite brand of all who enjoy a delicious and appetizing beverage. While a general line of Domestic and Imported Wines, Brandies, ^Vhiskies, Cognacs, Ports, Champaigns, &c, is always kept in stock, the special feature of the house, and that which has given it its celebrity, is the manufacture of Fmiifo Brandies and Flavoring Extracts, made from every variety of berries and fruits, gathered specially for this house, and the juices extracted with its own presses, thus affording the most reliable goods to buyers, who will here find a desirable point and place with which to establish business relation-. E. H. HUTCHINSON, Newspaper Advertising Agency, 440 Main Street. Advertising agencies when properly conducted, have not only ^become necessary to the publishers of country news- papers, but a great convenience to advertisers, desirous of placing before the public in an advantageous and conspicu- ous manner, the inducements which they offer in their particular line of business. The Agency of E. H. Hutchinson at No. 440 Main street, is the only regular Advertising Agency in the city, and as such, is entitled to the favorable notice and consideration of manufacturers and merchants, desirous of reaching the at- tention of rural readers, as well as those residing in cities. Mr. Hutchinson established his agency here in 1875, and has so far succeeded as to have Advertising connections with all reliable newspapers in the United States and Do- minion of Canada. Besides the special personal attention devoted to the in- sertion of advertisements in any newspaper, Mr. Hutchinson transacts a large business in his Job Printing and Publishing Department, and his facilities are not surpassed by any similar establishment in the United States, while his rela- tions with Publishers and Advertisers have always been of the most amicable and satisfactory character. From eight to ten hands are constantly employed in this department under the personal supervision of Mr. Harry C. Spendelow, a gentleman fully qualified to fill the position, and who is well known and highly respected in this com- munity. The proprietor, Mr. E, H. Hutchinson, was born and has always resided in Buffalo, where, from his enterprise and general liberal policy in business, together with other per- sonal qualities, he has gained for himself a large circle of friends and connections. As an evidence of the encouragement received Dy Mr. Hutchinson, and the increasing patronage extended to him since first commencing business, we note that he has had to double his facilities, and with the view of meeting the de- mands made upon him, has added the third floor to the al- readv commodious premises. BALL & LEVY, Merchant Tailors, 387 Main Street. With the rapid growth of Buffalo in commerce, popula- tion and wealth, there has also been a rapid growth in every branch of industry which may be considered among those classes of trade more particularly pertaining to the demon- stration of taste, culture and riches. Among these pursuits, that of the Merchant Tailor may rightfully be regarded as of the greatest importance to a community, in furnishing those evidences of refinement, and taste in dress, that are represented in fashionable and well-fitting clothes. As one of the houses in this line of business, which have been fore- most in promoting the standard of elegance in dress, that of Ball & Levy, established five years ago, is of especial impor- tance and should not be omitted in a review of those places, most desirable in Buffalo as purchasing points. Both members of the firm, Messrs. Geo. Ball and Ellis Levy are practical and proficient in every detail of their vo- cation, and both have acquired first class reputations, not only as cutters and fitters, but, also, as having marked good taste in making selections, when buying stock, as to quality, figure and style of goods, which gives tbeir customers assort- ments from which to choose, for either dress or busines suits, not excelled in this city, or any other. This stock, con- sisting of fine imported and American Cloths, Cassimeres and Suitings, seldom runs below fifteen thousand dollars in md is, during trade seasons particularly, composed of every variety of the latest styles of the day, in stripes, plaids, checks, mottled and other figures, which ar« manu- factured to order at prices most moderate, and in style, after the latest New York fashion'plates. Always up with the times, in everything that will improve their facilities for the production of the finest clothing in every respect, parties visiting Buffalo for new attire will hnd Ball & Levy always ready to offer inducements in prices and workmanship not easy to duplicate, while in fit and style, everything is guaranteed by the firm to give entire satisfac- tion. STAR OIL CO., 268 Michigan Street. The Oils manufactured and refined by the Star Oil Com- pany have obtained a wide spread celebrity as being equal to any that have ever been offered on this market, and since the business was first started here, an enormous trade has been done in refining and shipping to various parts of the States, as well as to Canada. The business was started in Buffalo, August 1st, 1874, under the style of Brown Brothers, but on the 19th of April, 1877, this style was changed to that of the Star Oil Com- pany, and since then the business has met wiih a steady and rapid increase under the able management of F. V. Darrow, who attends to the business interests of the Company in Buffalo, and by whom they have been successfully handled. The Refinery is Iocate'd on Hamburgh street, and the main Office at 268 Michigan street, and between the two, employment is given to twenty men; four teams being kept constantly at work in delivering and shipping the Oils. The chief office for the operations of the Company is in Erie, Pa., with branch establishments in Buffalo, FMmira and Dunkirk, N. Y., and Corry, Pa. Here in this city alone, they do a business of from two hundred thousand to three hundred thousand dollars a year, the list of Oils manufac- tured and sold by them embracing a very wide range and variety of classes. Lubricating, Carbon and Headlight Oils, Refined Petroleum, Sperm Signal Oil, Sewing Machine Oil, Extra Engine Oil, Golden Machinery Oil, Cylinder Oil, Neats Foot Oil, Lard and Tallow Oils, Axle Grease, and many other extensive varieties too numerous to specify, all being carefully pre- pared and refined with a guaranteed fire test which is quoted on the list. As it has been before remarked, the operations of the Company are very large, the principal markets for their products being in New York, Pennsylvania and Canada, the high reputation of the Oils giving them an extensive sale in these districts, as well as throughout the country generally. The almost unparalleled success that has attended the op- erations of this Company is traceable, not only to the supe- riority of these Oils, but to the intelligent and energetic management of those in charge of the Company's interests, and to none does this apply more appropriately than to Mr. F. V. Darrow, Manager of the Buffalo Branch of the Star Oil Company. DR. T. S. PHILLIPS, Dentist and Mamfactcrer of Phillips' Universal Hand-Piece for Dental Engines, German 1 n s 1 1 - tite Building. Disclosing the industries of Buffalo, some may erron- eously suppose that professional toilers could find no recog- nition in this volume. We know of none, however, whose work is more continuously laborous or any more deserving of such consideration as these pages may afford. Among those, therefore, whom we must place under the 1 lassincation indicated, is Dr. T. S. Phillips, practitioner of Dental Surgery, who, for more than ten years, has pursued his profession in this city with singular success and distinc- tion. Having studied and practiced with his father for nine years prior to his final settlement in Buffalo, the exper- ience of Dr. Phillips has been widely comprehensive, while as the inventorof Phillips' Universal Hand-Piece for Dental Engines, his name has become identified with those that have done most to advance the profession. The business establishment of Dr. Phillips is located in German Institute Building, Main street, and consists of several spacious and elegant apartments, besides a dental laboratory and workshop, where is manufactured the Uni- versal Hand-Piece for Dental Engines, before referred to. Not only prominent in his special vocation. Dr. Philips is also extensively known as Secretary of The lames Cough Pill Company, a position for which his fine executive ability has peculiarly adapted him. Our readers, residing in this city or abroad, requiring the aid of a skillful surgeon in dentistry, will lit-. with Dr. Phillips, either by mail or personally, certain to result most favorably. BUFFALO AND ENVRIONS. "3 LOVERIDGE &. COMPANY, Manufacturers of Patent Medicines, 94 Main Street and 35 Hanover Street. So long ago as 1863 Dr. E. Dexter Loveridge commenced in Buffalo to manufacture the celebrated Wahoo Bitters, which have attained so much celebrity all over the United States as a cure for acute and chronic rheumatism, and possessing medicinal qualities of a high order for eradicat- ing all diseases of the Liver, and in relieving cases of Dys- pepsia, Sick Headache, Fever, Ague, Chill Fever, etc. The Wahoo Bitters are composed of some twenty-five different Barks, Roots, Herbs and Seeds, which are entirely vegetable, with no poisonous mineral ingredients of any kind, the spirits used in the manufacture of the medicine being only sufficient to preserve the Bitters in any climate. It is claimed that the Wahoo is alterative, diuretic, expec- torant and laxative, and will purify and quicken the action of the blood, besides removing any unnatual acidity of the stomach, strengthening the urinary organs, relieving pains in the back and preventing all irregularities of the system. . Dr. Loveridge was born in Erie County, N. Y., and came to Buffalo forty-one years ago, where he has since resided, and has devoted many years of his life to perfecting and introducing to the public his celebrated medicine. He first established himself in Buffalo as a manufacturer in 1863, when soon afterwards the demand for "Wahoo" was so great, and the medicine became so popular with the public of all classes, that an enlargement of premises became necessary to meet the requirements of the business. With this object in view, the Doctor secured the lease of the premises he now occupies, at 94 Main street, having also an entrance at 35 Hanover street. The building is eighteen by seventy feet, has four floors, and possesses all the conveniences and requirements necessary for the large and extensive trade done on the premises. From fifteen to twenty hands are constantly employed, and the shipment of cases has reached as high as fifteen thousand in one year. Besides the Bitters, Dr. Loveridge has recently intro- duced his great Kidney Remedy, called Unqua, which he claims cures all diseases of the Kidneys, Urinary Organs and Liver, including Diabetes, or Bright's Disease, Infla- mation of the Bladder and Kidneys, Dropsy, in all its forms, Gravel, etc. And in offering his valuable remedy to the public, the Doctor states that he does so with perfect confidence in its efficacy and curative properties, knowing that it will accomplish all that he claims for it and will be a permanent benefit for mankind. With many years' experience, devotion to his profession and an untiring energy in business, Dr. Loveridge has suc- ceeded in making his medicines highly popular with all classes, and they have attained a celebrity and reputation only equalled by the sterling medicinal qualities of the articles. Druggists and the trade are supplied direct from the man- ufactory, and the goods are shipped in cases containing a dozen bottles in each. The Doctor is looking forward to a still greater increase in business during the ensuing year, and is completing his arrangements accordingly. BENSON & LOCK, Manufacturers of Lumber, Ganson Street. In reviewing the industries of this community, we have had occasion more than once to point out the peculiar ad- vantages which, emanating from the Lumber trade, has made Buffalo one of the largest markets in the country for this product. Many causes and facilities tha* ..ave .en_ea to this end have not been overlooked, but in a detailed description of the trade, the firm of Benson & Lock is entitled to the gr'-atest consideration. The plant of this house, consisting of extensive yards, covering several acres, and more than six hundred feet of dockage, is situated on Ganson street, contiguous to the canal and harbor, and here is transacted a business involv- ing the maintenance of an average stock valued at $125,000, and annual operations to the amount of $300,000. Composed individually of Messrs. Henry Benson and John Lock, the firm has been actively engaged in the pros- ecution of its business since 1876, and is not only well and widely known in this community, but throughout the East- ern and Southern States, to which large consignments arc constantly being made. In addition to that department of the business, which em- braces the handling of Michigan Pine Lumber and Timber of every description, the- firm has, owing to the remakable increase of their business, determined to devote their entire attention to the manufacturing of White and Norway Pine Lumber, and the shipping of the same, either in "Mill- run " lots or in sorted grades by boat or car loads, from their docks in this city. They have enlarged their facilities for sorting and distributing, and possess, in addition to their main yard and docks for receiving and sorting cargoes, a separate dock with yard and a first-class planing mill. Here they are prepared to work and dress as their customers may wish, and that at a low cost. Attached to the above they have a large store-shed in which they carry a stock of Bev- eled and Straight German Siding, Philadelphia Fencing, Matched and Beaded Ceiling, Matched Flooring, etc. The firm has had extensive experience in the manufacture of Car Siding, Roofing and Linings. They are a'so pre- pared to furnish Car and Bridge Timber, and, indeed, all the goods enumerated above, to the entire satisfaction of their patrons. It is the intention of Benson & Lock to deal direct with with their customers, and in avoiding the employment of agents, save large salaries, which saving will redound to the benefit of those dealing with them. We have said enough to show that contractors will find their interest greatly enhanced by communicating with this house, which, from the upright and liberal policy upon which its business is conducted, is regarded with the utmost confidence and esteem. In conclusion, we may remark that Benson & Lock origi- nated the plan of distributing Lumber from Buffalo by rail, placing the trade in an independent position during the Winter, when formerly business in that direction was closed down, on account of all our water ways being frozen up. See advertisement elsewhere. CHAS. P. KEHR, Dealer in Coal and Wood, 103 Sycamore Street. It is not easy for any observant man to remain long in Buffalo without noticing the flourishing state of the coal and wood trade, as a good proof of the general welfare of the community. Having ample capital, equipments and conveniences for this business, we find Mr. Chas. P. Kehr, whose admirably situated yard covering an area of 75x150 feet, at 103 Syca- more street, is furnished with all the necessary machinery for sawing and splitting woods into the desired dimensions for stove or kindling, which together with his well selected and full stock of coal, places him in a position to be readily- able to meet the ever increasing demands made upon him in this line of business. This house can be cheerfully recommeded to any of _ our readers who may be desirous at any time of laying in a supply of either of the articles above mentioned. JACOB DOLD, Pork and Beef Packer and Wholesale Provision- Dealer, 139 to 149 Michigan Street. For many years the provision business of this city has shown a large and healthy annual increase, which goes far to indicate that the facilities and advantages enjoyed here for the packing of Pork and Beef, are fully equal to those enjoyed by any other locality east of Buffalo. Largely engaged in this line of business, and occupying a prominent position in the trade, we find Mr. Jacob Dold, Wholesale Provision Dealer, Pork and Beef Packer, and curer of the celebrated Westphalia brand of Smoked Meats, which many consider preferable to the imported article in richness of flavor and general excellence. The business was commenced by Mr. Dold in 1861, and had been thoroughly acquired by him previously_ in Germany, where he had become proficient in the various processes necessary for the proper preservation of meats. His capital, in starting, was a small one, but gradually increased until at present it is largely greater than at first. Eight buildings in all are comprised in Mr. Dold's plant, including a store and salesroom ninety-six by one hundred and twenty-six feet in dimensions, and an extensive abatoire, located on a five-acre lot, at East Buffalo, where the animals, after being slaughtered, are prepared for packing. From seventy to ninety hands are employed in the whole estab- lishment, seventeen horses, numerous wagons, one steam engine and three boilers, besides considerable machinery specially adapted for the business. The trade of the house last year, it may be stated, amounted to over one million dollars, and extended not only over the States of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and the Canadas, but occasioned large exports to Europe, a branch of the business which seems likely to become of more importance annually. A resident of this city since 1S48, Mr. Dold has always I been identified, to a large degree, with its commercial inter- ii 4 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. ests, which he has advanced greatly by the establishment of a business so extensive. The position he occupies precludes the necessity of per- sonal mention, but for the benefit of the trade at a distance, we may say that their interests will undoubtedly be pro- moted by effecting a business connection with this house. H. A. BUFFUM, Superintendent Buffalo Carriage Manufactory, Cor. Pearl, Mohawk and Genesee Streets. We have had occasion frequently, in examinining the in- dustries of Buffalo, to note various works for the manufac- ture of Carriages, Wagons and Vehicles of all kinds; and prominent in this direction the Buffalo Carriage Manufac- tory of H. A. Buffum is worthy of note. This enterprise was established nearly twenty-nve years ago, by Mr. Buffum, who, beginning with a very limited capital, has succeeded, by industry and workmanship of a superior character, in developing a large and satisfactory business. Located on Seneca street for over twenty-three years, the plant was removed, more than a year ago, to its present sight at the corner of Pearl, Mohawk and Genesee streets, where an extensive brick building, with adjacent structures, affords ample conveniences for the prosecution of considerable manufacturing operations. The equipment of this establishment in mechanical appli- ances and every convenience requisite for the perfection of the work may be rated as first-class in every respect. Ten experienced workmen are employed in the several depart- ments, and here is carried on the work of manufacturing light and heavy Carriages, Buggies, &c, of various de- signs, while special attention is given to the construction of Business Wagons, a specialty for which the house has long been held in the highest esteem. An expert in his business, Mr. Buffum has uniformly employed the best obtainable materials and allows nothing to leave his premises that cannot honestly be regarded as thoroughly good. In the line of repairing, for all classes of vehicles, considerable trade is transacted. Those having business with Mr. Buffum may confidently depend upon his skill and capacity, and will find, by a single experiment, that many advantages in terms, price and quality can be obtained at this house. A native of Erie county, where he was born in 1829, and a resident of Buffalo for nearly a quarter of a century, Mr. Buffum has done his share in promoting the industries of Buffalo, for which his enterprise is to be esteemed and sup- ported. See advertisement elsewhere. EMIL SMITH, White, Singer and Howe Sewing Machines, ii East Swan Street and 298 Broadway. Since associating himself with the Sewing Machine bus- iness, Mr. Smith has displayed an energy and spirit of enter- prise which have carried him ahead of his competitors and brought the trade forward to a prominent position among city industries. He is general agent for the White Machine and dealer in the Singer and the Howe, and his dealings in each and all of these are such as to give special advantages to cus- tomers, selling to them direct from either of his stores with- out the aid or intervention of agents, thus saving to the purchaser the commission and consequent additional cost in the sale of the article. The White Sewing Machine claims many advantages over other machines in the market. Among others every wearing part is case-hardened and adjustable, and if any piece proves defective within three years, it will be removed free of cost, hence, every one of these machines for family purposes is, in reality, warranted. Again, it is claimed to be so simple in construction that but little instruction is required to become proficient in its use, and its upper ten- sion is so easily controlled that after being once regulated it is automatic, requiring no change of any kind for ordinary family work. It is also light running and nearly noisless, and is adapted to any kind of sewing, from the lightest muslin or silk to the heaviest woolen or cotton goods; fea- tures which are very much in its favor in the selection of a sewing machine. The other machines, namely, the Singer and the Howe, which Mr. Smith has to disiM.,e of, have likewise their spe- cial features to reccommend them, which are fully explained to the intending purchaser upon application at either of his stores. Many, from long custom or otherwise, have favorite manufacturers, and Mr. Smith has always on hand a large stock of the above, giving facilities to interested parties not to be obtained elsewhere. His business headquarters are at No. n East Swan street, where he carries a complete and extensive assortment of these machines. Also at his store, at No. 298 Broadway, he has the three kinds of machines, and an extensive line and complete assortment of Millinery Goods, Fancy Goods and Notions, and a whole line of the latest fashions issued by Madame Demorest, he being agent for Demorest's paper patterns. Each of the stores measure about the same dimensions — twenty-five by sixty feet— and possesses ample accommodation for the extensive business transacted by the houses. Three lady clerks are employed in Swan street and two on Broadway, also from seven to eight men are engaged in the business, besides the sewing machine canvassers, who give special attention to the sale of the White Sewing Machine. The sales in this branch of the business alone amount to about forty machines each month, and the trade in other goods is proportionably large. Mr.Smith has been engaged in this business for seven years. He first started on William street, in 1873, and removed from there to 252 Broadway, where he remained till May 1st, 1879, when he again removed to his present premises, where he has since been located. He is a native of Buffalo, and has made a great business success in this city, where he has achieved a well-deserved popularity. Besides the regular trade in sewing machines, he also supplies needles for all kinds of machines, attachments, oil, threads, etc., and does repairing of all kinds of machines at short notice. With sufficient capital for his wants, an ample stock and trade appliances, Mr. Smith's great success in the business is fully secured for the future, and parties wanting a sewing machine cannot go amiss in calling on him at either of the addresses given above. B. H. KING, Practical Watchmaker and Jeweler, 452 Main Street. To those of our readers who cannot be considered resi- dents of Buffalo, but- are yet within the trade radius of this city, we would remark, in passing, that for the purchase- of Watches, Clocks, Jewels, Optical Goods, Jewelry and articles of virtu, the house of B. H. King, at No. 452 Main street, is one of the best in Buffalo. Established for many years, and commenced upon a small capital, the house has gradually increased in import- ance until its operations exceed the limit of ten thousand dollars annually, and the stock is as complete in the various departments as can be desired. The premises occupied by B. H. King are central, con- venient and capacious, while the experience of the proprie- tor is fully equal to all the demands that can be made upon his taste, judgment or discernment. A practical proficient in his trade, Mr. King has long enjoyed the public confidence, of which he may be properly considered in every way deserving, and we risk nothing in saying whoever may form commercial relations with Mr. King will realize and appreciate the skill, integrity and promptness which characterises him in all his tranaclions. J. D. LARKIN & COMPANY, Manufacturers of Soap, 663, 665 and 667 Seneca Steeet. In this connection, it is proper to pass under review the house of J. D. Larkin & Co., which, though established so lately as the Spring of 1875, has become prominent in the trade for the manufacture of high class Toilet, Staple and Harness Soaps. The business, which was founded by Mr. J. D. Larkin, at the time mentioned, and conducted by him until May, 1878, assumed from that time the title of J. D. Larkin & Co., Mr. E. G. Hubbard occupying the position of junior partner in the firm. The plant of the house, which is remarkably well equip- ped, commodious and conveniently situated, is located on Seneca street, and occupies an area of sixty by one hun- dred and fifty feet, the building having three stories, and being supplied v. ith a steam engine and boiler of requisite capacity for moving the machinery and boiling and other heating purposes. Under the immediate superintendence of the members of the firm, a large force of operatives are employed in the factory, while their commercial travelers prosecute the business of the house throughout the \\ est- ern, Middle, New England and Southern Stales, The capacity of this manufactory i^ stated at thirty-five thousand pounds of soap per week, the bulk of which is of fine grades, the Oatmeal Toilet Soap being regarded with particular favor by the trade and consumers throughout the BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 115 country. The house is also sole proprietors and manufac- turers of the "Sweet Home" Washing Compound, a powder of saponaceous properties, for laundry use, in the doing up and beautifying of linens and other white goods, which is sold by the grocery trade generally, and who find it a commodity of rapidly increasing demand where intro- duced. Its special features of advantage are that it softens hard water, brightens and sets the colors in doubtful fabrics, prevents the fulling of flannels, and is an important factor in the composition of soft soap at a trifling cost. Mr. Larkin is a native Buffalonian. is well known through- out this community, and Mr. Hubbard scarcely less so, though originally from Illinois. Both, however, are thoroughly identified with the development of local indus- tries, and through many sterling qualities, have placed their house and its products in the enviable position they now enjoy. SHERMAN BROTHERS, Proprietors of the Delafield Cement Co., and Commission and Shipping Merchants, 92 Lloyd Street. The geographical position of Buffalo makes it the center of a very extensive transhipping business between the east and all points west and northwest, and vice versa. To meet the requirements of this trade, peculiar only to cities so located, vast warehouses are necessary, as well as every facility for the speedy transfer of goods from the railroad cars to steam, or sailing vessels, and from vessels arriving here to canal boats or railroad cars, as directed by the ship- per. Engaged in this business are Messrs, Sherman Brothers, whose office is located as above, their two warehouses being built at different points, the west side warehouse affording facilities for shipping by lake and canal, N. Y. C, Grand Trunk and Canada Southern railroads; that at the east side enabling them to transfer and ship by canal, L. S. & M. S., Erie, B., N. Y. & P., B. & S. W. & G. W. railroads. The total storage capacity possessed by the firm in this city enables them to warehouse thirty thousand barrels at any one time, and the foregoing is sufficient evidence that their conveniences in every way are equal to any in Buffalo. The firm undertakes the warehousing, transfer aud forwarding of all goods to any point reached from Buffalo, and to give some idea of their business, we may mention that 3,000 cars of merchandise, for the west alone, were handled by them during the last year. In the transfer of goods, it may be mentioned, that their facilities are such that carting is un- necessary. This firm are the proprietors also of The Delafield Cement Co., which cement is obtained from a stratum of rock on the Hudson River, in what is known as the Rosendale Cement region. The Delafield mill is located on the Delaware & Hudson Canal, about eight miles from Roundout or King- ston, and has a capacity for burning out 500 barrels per diem, the total combined capacity of the Rosendale mills being about nine thousand barrels. In examining into the place taken by this cement in the market, we find it has been noted for half a century, and from recent experiments is likely to retain its place in public estimation. From a pamphlet, now before us, issued to condemn American and praise English Cement, we find that the Delafield Pure Cement takes second place among the Rosendale Mills, and third place, when brought into competition with all the leading cements (about twenty in number) in this country. On the other hand, it takes sec- ond place among American cements, when these are mixed with sand. The mode adopted for testing may be described as fol- lows: Mortars of the various cements were made into prisms 2x2x8 inches in vertical moulds, these, after the first twenty-four hours, were kept in sea water for 320 days, be- ing broken at the end of that time on supports four inches apart, by a pressure, midway between the supports, and resulted in placing the Rosendale Cement, manufactured by the Delafield Co., in the positions indicated. Messrs. Sherman Brothers also handle Nova Scotia Cal- cined Plaster, or more popularly speaking, a Plaster of Paris, Land Plaster, for fertilizing purposes, English Port- land Cement, Syracuse fine and coarse Salts, &c, in all of which an extensive trade is carried on all over the United States, and they will put up the goods in such quantities as will make a car load lot so as to enable their customers to take full advantage of the lowest rates of freight. In New York the office of the firm is in the Equitable Building, No. 120 Broadway, under the management of Mr. T. R. Keator, the shipping business being carried on at 14 South Street, and the house acts as United States agents for Messrs. William Leavett & Co., manufacturers of Portland Cement, whose headquarters are in the city of London. The individual partners of the house are Wilson H. Sher- man, Stephen F. Sherman, and Chas. M. Howe, the two first named have been residents of Buffalo for the past four- teen years, and are so well known here that any comment on our part is rendered unnecessary, but, for the guidance of our readers abroad, we may say that any business en- trusted to their care will receive such prompt and careful attention as the most exacting can demand. FRANK A. SHOEMAKER, Manufacturer of Shoemakers', Saddlers' and Carpenters' Awls, Blades, Etc., Etc., 107 to 113 Erie Street. With unequalled advantages for the manufacture of the finest leather, Buffalo is also the center from which a con- siderable business is transacted in machinery for the manip- ulation of leather by shoe and harness-makers, hose and belt manufacturerers and others working in this material. Vastly engaged in this branch of business we find Mr. Frank A. Shoemaker, whose predecessor, Robert Blair, of the firm of Blair & Whirley, established the house in 1862. The premises of Mr. Shoemaker, who succeeded to the business in 1878, are located at 107 to 113 Erie street, occu- pying a large part of what is known as Ganson's Block. Here, in various departments of the work, are employed sixteen hands, many of whom are expert mechanics, all being adriot in their respective duties. Besides manufacturing Carpenters', Shoemakers' and Saddlers' Awls, of the best material and most approved shapes, Mr. Shoemaker also deals in Crimping Machines of three or four different makes, and has supplied his estab- lishment with new and complete machinery, much of which has been invented by himself, for the more perfect manu- facture of numerous articles, for which he has acquired a special reputation. The business, at the present time, amounts to about thirty-eight thousand dollars annually, and the facilities enjoyed are equal, if not superior, to any other similar establishment in Buffalo. Silver, Nickel and Gold Plating is carefully executed, Limb Supporters, Trusses and Surgical Tools manufactured to order, also form part of the business of Mr. Shoemaker, and purchasers at a distence, by sending for an illustrated catalogue, will understand at once exactly the class of goods made and the advantages derived by their use, in price and quality. A native of Buffalo, Mr. Shoemaker was born in 1855, and though comparatively a young man, his familiarity with the trade, in every detail, is of the most comprehen- sive character, and his work in promoting the industrial arts of this city through his vocation, entitles him to the respect and support of the community. JOHN PENTELOW, Wholesale Dealer in Flour, Grain, Mill Feed, etc., 56 and 58 West Market Street. Largely engaged in the Flour, Grain and Mill Feed bus- iness and dealing in Timothy, Clover and Agricultural Seeds, John Pentelow has attained considerable prominence in this market, and has founded a house, wnich may be consid- ered as one of the most reliable in the trade. In addition to the plant for commercial purposes, located at No. 56 and 58 West Market street, Buffalo, Mr. Pentelow in in possession of extensive flour mills at Bowmansville, this county, where is manufactured a grade of flour, which may be classed as superior in every respect. An extensive Tannery is also controlled by Mr. Pentelow at this point, the bulk of the product of which is shipped to Boston and throughout the Eastern States; it may there- fore be inferred that his facilities for the transaction of bus- iness are of the most ample and satisfactory character. In the prosecution of the Flouring Mill and Tannery at Bowmansville, from eight to ten hands are employed, with a 40-horse power steam engine and all modern machinery and implements. Commencing operations with a small cap- ital. Mr. Pentelow has increased his resources, as well as his facilities, until his business is now upon a basis, that affords the highest advantages to those with whom he deals. A resident of this city for twenty-six years, though orig- inally from Northamptonshire, England, Mr. Pentelow has achieved an enviable reputation, and has established a char- acter for good faith in the performance of his obligations worthy of the highest confidence and consideration. n6 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. MAURICE COURTNEY, Furnishing Undertaker and Embalmer, No. 15 Court Street. Extensively engaged in the above business, as successor to Messrs. Forgarthy & Courtney, we find the above named gentleman, who, having been born in Ireland in the year 1835, came to this country and settled in Buffalo, in 1852; commencing business with his partner, Mr. Fogarthy, who, as aforesaid, he succeeded in 1866. Occupying a substantial four-story brick building, at No. 15 Court street; the stock kept on hand by Mr. Courtney, consisting of Caskets, Black Walnut, Rosewood, and cheap Coffins, together with Shrouds of all kinds, Coffin Plates, Handles, &c, is unexceptionably a superior one; and in this establishment may be found every requisite necessary for embalming and undertaking, as well as the " Patent Body Preservatory," which is furnished to applicants free of charge. In fact, from the high standing enjoyed by Mr. Courtney in this branch of trade, he is enabled to provide his patrons with every requirement needed or desired. Besides standing so prominently forward in his particular line of business, in this community, Mr. Courtney has held some most important and responsible positions, having twice been elected Supervisor, and also appointed a Justice of the Peace, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mr. Burt, the duties of which position he fulfilled with such impar- tiality and equity that it afterwards resulted in his re-elec- tion to the same office, and his retaining it for the usual period of four years. It is needless, therefore, for us to dwell further on the standing of a gentleman so well and favorably known, and, who, from his business and general integrity, has gained the respect and confidence of this community. GOODYEAR RUBBER COMPANY.— E. A. ROCK- WOOD, AGENT. Manufacturers of and Dealers in Rubber Goods, 240 Main Street, and 9 West Seneca Street. The manufacture of Rubber Goods, has of recent years become one of the most important sources of commerce in the United States. After steam and electricity, it has proven to be the most astonishing discovery in the nineteenth cen- tury. The number of different articles made to-day of In- dia Rubber is innumerable, and it enters into thousands of different classes of trade in consequence It was in 1834 that Mr. Charles Goodyear first had his attention drawn to the manufacture of India Rubber, and from that time till 1839, he kept up his experiments without gaining any signal success, and during these six years, mis- fortunes and disappointments overtook him, by which he and his family were reduced to dire distress. During all this time, the hopes and fears, the alternation of success and failure, followed as they were by disheartening trials, strug- gles and poverty, such as are generally experienced by all eminent discoverers, were the only results of his experi- ments: but confident of ultimate success, he still continued his efforts, and persevered under the greatest difficulties, until at length his indomitable persistence was rewarded by the discovery of the vulcanized process, now so well known throughout the civilized world as the Goodyear process. The Goodyear Rubber Company was organized by consoli- dating several companies, and was so named to honor and perpetuate the memory of the great inventor. It is the largest company of the kind on the face of the globe, the chief office being in New York, with branch stores in most of the principal cities in the United States, among others, Chicago, St. Louis, Milwaukee, San Francisco and Buf- falo, for which latter city. Mr. E. A. Rockwood is the Agent. The stores occupied by him for the sale of the mul- tifarious goods manufactured by the Company, consist of the ground floor for retail store and office. 240 Main street, 20x100 feet, and the five storied building with basement, 9 West Seneca street, forming an L, 20x60 feet, which is used as the wholesale department of the business. Mr. Rockwood is a native of Massachusetts, and has been ten years in Buffalo, eight years of which he has been con- nected with the Goodyear Rubber Co. Previous to coming to this city, he was, from 1854 to 1870, in an importing house in New York City. With a lengthened experience and practical knowledge of business, he assumed the duties and responsibilities in connection with the Company he now rep- resents under somewhat favorable auspices, hence the suc- cess which has attended his management. The catalogue issued by Mr. Rockwood fills one hundred pages of pamphlet matter and it would be utterly impossi- ble for us to particularize a tithe of the innumerableiarticles specified on the list, which may be truly said to comprise almc*t every form of article in use with the exception of food and drink. At the same time it is necessary to men- tion a few of the Company s specialties in which they stand pre-eminent. First on the list comes the Rubber Belting and Hose Department, in which, for strength, durability and price, the Goodyear Co. excels every other competitor in the trade, and for which they were awarded the first pre- mium at the Centennial, also the gold medal at the Ameri- can Institute Fair, as well as the first premium at the St. Louis Fairs in 1874, 1875 and 1876. The Brewers' Hose manufactured by the Company is made with the Patent Rubber Capped end, with an extra supply at the end, which prevents the water from wetting the cotton fabric. It is all rolled in large coils, thus avoiding all kinds of kinks or binds in the hose. Steam and Petroleum Hose, four, five and six ply is also made to order, likewise the Rubber Suc- tion Hose for hand and steam fire engines. The Magic Hose Nozzle will throw either a single jet, or shower of spray, and a great variety of fcrmscan be produced, grading from very fine and misty to a powerful volume. It is very superior as a sprinkler, and when fixed upon a standard, forms a beautiful / 'ariety Fountain. Steam Packing, Rubber Valves, Tubing of all kinds, including Gas Tubing, Floor Matting, Door Springs, Mats, etc., all go to form a portion of the large resources of the Company, while Air- beds, Pillows and Cushions, Boots and Shoes, Bath-tubs, Clothing, Gloves, Horse-gear, etc., with an endless variety of Toys and Fancy goods, Cloaks for ladies, Jewelry, Buggy-aprons, Combs and Brushes, etc., with an inexhaust- ible diversity of other goods in stock shows the Goodyear Rubber Company to be unlimited in its sources of produc- tion. The management of the Company is under the control of F. M. Shepard, President, and J. Minott, Secretary, while, as we have already noticed, Mr. E. A. Rockwood ably rep- resents their interests in this city. He always carries a full and carefully selected stock of goods, the prices of which are uniformly the same at the same day and date as they are in New York. FISHER BROTHERS & COMPANY, Proprietors of the Genesee and Citv Malt Houses. Office, 283 West Genesee Street. The location of Buffalo, with reference to a complete system of water communication between the East and the West, has been peculiarly favorable in making this city a central point for the storage and reshipment of grain, and for this reason it is placed in cheap and easy communication with that territory which produces the best cereals in the world. It is not surprising, therefore, that for many years the manufacture of malt has been carried on here upon a scale which, in proportion to the size of the community, far exceeds the development of this industry in any other city. Pursuing the special province of our work, and examining the various enterprises of Buffalo in careful and minute dttail, and especially in the department to which allusion has just been made, we are justified in referring to the house of Messrs. Fisher Brothers & Company as a leading concern in the production of malt, the business having been founded by Mr. George Fisher, the senior member of the firm, in 1862. At its inception, the operations of Mr. Fisher in this direction were confined and limited to certain circum- scribed dimensions, but the natural advantages of the situ- ation, and the energy displayed in fostering the industry, were such as to overcome all obstacles and create demands which eventually became such as to warrant the outlay of increased capital. Year after year Mr. Fisher found it nec- essary to enlarge his productive capacity, and his business so increased that he associated with him in partnership his brother, Mr. Jacob P. Fisher, as well as Mr. Philip Houck, in 1865. The buildings of this firm are now composed of two spacious and commodious brick structures, covering areas of forty by one hundred and thirty feet and one hundred by one hundred and forty feet respectively, both containing four stories, and situated, the former on West Genesee street and the latter on Erie, Canal and Carolina streets, and known under the title of the " Genesee and City Malt Houses," having all the appliances and facilities necessary, with every advantage for the convenient reception of grain and its disbursement as malt. Here are employed nineteen hands, on a weekly pay roll of two hundred dollars, and the business is such that a stock valued at fifty thousand dollars is kept constantly on hand, whilst the annual sales amount to not less than between one hundred thousand end o»e hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Large supplies of barley are here received from Canada and Minnesota, these being acknowledged as the best local- ities fnrthe proper development of this grain. The malt houses of this firm are vast improvements upon the primitive structures of former years, and are so admir- ably adapted for the use to which they are applied that the LUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 117 results of the trade have been most lucrative and satisfac- tory, and an extended connection has been acquired in the principal cities of this State and Pennsylvania. Of the individual members of this firm, the founder, Mr. Geo. Fisher, is a native of France, where he was born in 1820, arriving in this country in i83o,commencing business as above in i86», where, from his general integrity and high commer- cial qualification*, he has gained for himself a reputation both enviable and satisfactory^. Mr. Jacob P. Fisher was born in Erie county, N. Y., in 1835, while Mr. Philip Houck is a native of Germany, dating his birth in that country in 1823. A firm composed of gentlemen, more worthy of the respect and esteem with which their efforts on behalf of the industries of Buffalo have endowed them, would be difficult to meet in this community. See advertisement elsewhere. COLORADO MINING AND LAND CO., 50 East Seneca Street. This Company was organized in March, 1875, and was incorporated under the laws of the State of New York, as well as those of Colorado. Starting with a fund of wealth to support their undertakings, they have assumed to them- selves a position second to none in the city, and, in fact, have made unto themselves a name that is recognized as among the first in mineral wealth in the United States. The Company possesses five mines, which are situated near Mineral City, San Juan County, Colorado, valued at one million dollars. The capital stock is divided into forty thousand shares of twenty-five dolla.-s each, a large portion of which has been taken up, and at the present moment no Mining Company stands better, in the commercial world, than does the Colorado Mining and Land Company. Good judgment has been exercised by the President and the managers in the practical development of the property under their control, and the work at the present time is pro- gressing finely. Fine Fissure Veins are to be met here in abundance, such as, perhaps, have never been known before in the history of mining. These are incapable of exhaus- tion, and it is conceded by every one who knows anything about mining, that this partioular section of country is so rich in mineral wealth as to be classified the "El Doraclo" of the universe. During the Winter and Spring of 1876, shortly after the Colorado Mining and Land Company was organized, there existed a strong and bitter prejudice against gold and silver mining enterprises generally. The regions where the pre- cious metals were obtained, were supposed to be inaccessi- ble, owing to the high mountain ranges which had to be passed, and mining under these adverse circumstances was very uncertain in its results, and attended with much labor and danger, but indomitable perseverance and indus- try, on the part of the mining interests in that section of the country, have made the mountain ranges easy of access. Numerous wagon roads and trails have been opened, and railroad companies have begun to appreciate the necessity of developing themselves, and are now reaching out for the accommodation of the public, and are rapidly constructing the extension of their lines through this prolific mineral country. Referring back to the organization of the Company, we may here state that it was a Buffalo enterprise, and that the property consists of five true fissure veins fifteen hundred feet in length, with a surface ground of three hundred feet in width, estimated by the Government at eleven acres to each mine. The property is located in and near Mineral City, San Juan County, Colorado, in the great Mineral Belt, acknowledged to be the richest silver and gold mining district ever discovered. The Company, after paying for its mines, and for labor and expenses up to the first of January last, held in reserve, for carrying on its operations in the future, the avails which may arise from the sale of over six hundred and seventy thousand dollars worth (or over twenty-six thousand, eight hundred shares) of stock held in escrow. There are some, fifteen reduction works of various kinds already completed within a radius of twenty miles from Mineral City, and concentration and smelting works within a mile of one of the mines of the Company, and at present a railroad is in process of construction to Silverton, a dis- tance of fifteen miles from these mines, for the transporta- tion of ores, which will be completed by the first of October next, which will enhance the value of this property to an extent that will amply recompense the stockholders and all interested in this valuable undertaking. The officers for the current year, 1880, are as follows: Hon. Chas. H. Maclntyre, President; Matthew Wilbeck, First Vice President; Wm. H. Baker, Second Vice President; J. S. Buell, Secretary and Treasurer; Franklin S. Buell, Assistant Secretary. Executive Board — Hon. Chas. H. Maclntyre, J. S. Buell, Gen. Wm. F. Rogers, Frank V. Darrow, Alexander H. Brown. Attorney — Charles H. Daniels, Esq., 311 Main street, Buffalo During the four years the Colorado Mining and Land Company has been organized, the progress has been upward and onward, and the resources of the San Juan country have been developed in a way that reflects great credit upon the originators of this successful enterprise. The mines of the Company are as follows: "The Mac Intyre," " The Elephant," " The Lake Park,' "The Flora Temple," and "The Blell." All are in the highest state of efficiency, but The Lake Park has the most exten- sive improvements for the purpose of reaching richer min- erals, and the width of the vein at a depth of over fifty feet is shown, by cross-cutting between the hanging and foot walls, to be at least from eighteen to twenty feet; and, the property as a whole, will doubtless be found to be as rich in mineral wealth as any yet discovered in this territory; and, we might add, for the benefit of investors, that, as an in- vestment, where the prospective advantages promise a great degree of certainty and early emoluments, the stock of this company is, perhaps, the most desirable and sure, on account of its low capitalization, to be found in the entire list of mining stocks. The limit of twenty thousand shares have already been sold and subscribed for, the time for pay- ment for which expires July 1st, 1880, and parties desirous of becoming shareholders, should communicate with the Secretary of the Company. Mr. J. S. Buell, at their office 50 E. Seneca street, for desired information. UNION PACIFIC RAILWAY, D. C. Blackman Agent, 40^ Exchange Street. Mr. Blackman has been connected with the Union Pa- cific Railroad as General Agent for the past two years, and has ably represented the interests of his principals in West- ern" New York and Western Pennsylvania during this time. The acts of Congress chartering the Company were passed July 1st, 1862 and July 2d, 1864. The original grant of lands embraced 12,000,000 acres and extended across the State of Nebraska, a portion of Colorado, through the Territories of Wyoming and Utah, as far as the Valley of the Great Salt Lake. The location of the railroad is through the finest region of the United States, extending ten hundred and thirty-two miles in length, through the states and territories above named. Its Eastern terminus is at Omaha, Nebraska, on the Missouri river; its Western at Ogden, Utah. The increase in the population of the State of Nebraska, has been almost unprecedented, for since it has become a state, which was in 1867, its piogress in prosperity has been rapid and substantial. The climate of Nebraska is exceptionally fine. The Spring season opens early, and develops into a long, bright summer, which in turn gives place to a most beautiful fall, which frequently extends into the Winter months. Health- fulness in such a climate might reasonably be expected. Malarial diseases are wholly unknown, and no part of the States is less afflicted with epidemic diseases. The soil has rare qualities of richness and the land yields generous crops of wheat, corn and other cereals, while in fruit growing this State challenges the admiration of the whole country, in fact, the world at large. Much might be written and said about this productive and fruitful Garden of Eden, but it will be sufficient for our present purpose to state that, when Nebraska is better known, it will be more fully appreciated, and will open up a wide field for the industrious immigrant. It contains vast resources and is yearly becoming more attractive; the increase of the railroad, market and business facilities, combining to make this country second to none in the Western States. Of course, the Union Pacific has done much towards opening out and developing the resources of this vast agricultural region, which may be said to be illimitable in extent and productiveness. In addition to the agricultural interests associated with this important section of country, manufacturers are steadily working westward, towards this great market field, and it is to be expected that the great interests of manufacturing and agricultural pro- ductions will, ultimately, work harmoniously together, mak- ing the Union Pacific Railroad one of the greatest institu- tions in the country. The following named gentlemen are the official leaders of the Company, whose offices are in Omaha: S. H. H. Clark, Gen'l Manager; Thomas L. Kimball, Gen'l Passen- ger and Ticket Agent; E. P. Vining, Gen'l Freight Agent; and the interests of the Company are well cared for, in the district mentioned above, by Mr. Blackman, who devotes his time and attention to furthering the objects of this gigantic enterprise. Parties contemplating locating in the West, should either address Mr. D. C. Blackman, at 40*2 Exchange street, this city, or call and confer with him personally. n8 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. JAMES B. GORDON, Commission Merchant in Fruits, Bitter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry, Game, etc., 62 West Market Street. Undoubtedly Buffalo has become a remarkable center for the General Commission business, as well as other branches of merchandise. Among the many firms consid- ered prominent and influential in this business, we may note the house of James B. Gordon, which, although having been established as late as December, 1878, has succeeded in building up a trade, which has proved both lucrative and satisfactory to himself. As a purely Commission Merchant, Mr. Gordon is daily in receipt of consignments of Green and Dried Fruits, But- ter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry, Game. Seeds and general Farm Produce, not only from counties in this State surrounding Buffalo, but from Canada, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Penn- sylvania and other states East and West. With this class of goods he is thoroughly familiar, and the consignor may depend upon his sagacity in making the pro- ceeds fully commensurate with the market rates. An admirable point for the transaction of the commission business, Buffalo offers many advantages, in the high range of average prices, active sales and prompt returns, more than usually desirable. James B. Gordon is a native of London, Ontario, but having resided in Buffalo from boyhood, he has become thoroughly identified with its interests. His experience in commercial affairs has been comprehensive to a marked de- gree, and the management of his business is regulated by a fair and liberal policy, that is entitled to the fullest success. His connections in business are of the most satisfactory character, and agricultural consignors will find it greatly to their interests to make a factor of Mr. Gordon in the man- agement of their sales. JAMES A. CAMPBELL, General Underwriter; Life, Fire and Accident, 378 Main Street, Corner of Eagle. In depiciting the varied industries and resources of Buffalo, it would be unfair to omit those great enterprises which, emanating from capital, are alike protective of the opulent and the indigent, conducing directly to the safety, solidity and comfort of the community. Of these the insurance companies, both life and fire, must always take a prominent place as institutions beneficent, practical and and indespensable to the civilized conduct of affairs. The agency of Mr. James A. Campbell, at No. 378 Main street, corner of Eagle, Buffalo, is widely known as a sort of favorite and central exchange for the transaction of an underwriting business, both in Life, Fire, Accident and Plate Glass. The companies here represented by Mr. Campbell are such as to inspire the undoubted confidence of the public and afford a stable security equal to all the emergencies or possibilities of human affairs, and solid indemnity against loss of person or property. Among the companies represented at the agency of Mr. Campbell, we feel peculiar obligation to notice the Buffalo Insurance Company, of Buffalo, a first-class local company, which was organized in 1874, as a fire and marine company, with a cash capital of two hundred thousand dollars. Some idea of the success that has attended this home institution may be inferred from the fact that besides paying handsome dividends, the surplus accumulated now amounts to over ninety thousand dollars, or nearly fifty per cent of the orig- inal investment. Of this company, Mr. Pascal P. Pratt Is President; James D. Sawyer, Vice President; and Edward B. Smith, Secretary; names too well known to demand comment. Besides this staunch concern, Mr. Campbell represents the Royal Insurance Company, of Liverpool, England, a company of world-wide renown, and solvency which has accumulated a net fire surplus of nearly eight million dollars, and is notorious for the enormous sums paid to policy holders and the invariable promptness with which their losses are paid. The Travelers' Insurance Company, of Hartford, is another well known company on the list of Mr. Campbell, and is too well known, by the traveling public especially, to require more than passing mention, as few wise people incur the extra hazzard of railway or steamboat transit without securing a policy in this most prominent of the accident companies. The underwriting ot plate glass is also a specia, teature of Mr. Campbell's business, and the policies, issued by an association of thirteen capitalists of New Vork City, and called the " Lloyds," organized for this particular purpose, add greatly to assure the security and repose of those who have occasion to avail themselves of the benefits accorded by the company. In the not less important matter of life assurance, Mr. Campbell is in a position, as agent for the North Western Mutual Life Insurance Company, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to afford all the advantages that accrue to the insured in this thoroughly excellent organization, embracing modera- tion in rates, perfect equity in the relations or the assured to the company, absolute safety and fair as well as prompt adjustments. As an evidence of the truth of the above, it may not be generally known that the assets of the company on January 1st, 18S0, had reached the enormous aggregate < f eighteen million, two thousand, one hundred and forty- l.vo dollars and thirty-five cents, the surplus alone amount- ing to three million, twenty-eight thousand, one hundred and fifty-eight dollars and eighty-six cents, while for the past six years the interest account has been sufficient to pay all accruing losses and expenses. This latter statement alone is sufficient to mark the North Western Mutual as an institution of which its patrons may feel proud, and in which they can repose a confidence as unshaken as the rock of Gibralter. Such is a brief resume of the admirable facilities pos- sessed by Mr. Campbell, facilities which have placed him among the responsible and prominant of the undeviority fraternity in this city, and entitle him to the extensive business which he knows so well how to foster and promote. C. & F. GEORGER, Manufacturers, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Hats, Caps, Furs and Straw Goods, 508 Main Street. The establishment of C. & F. Georger, manufacturers of Hats, Caps, Furs, Straw Goods, and wholesale and retail dealers in the same, as one of the most prominent in Buf- falo, should not be excluded from these pages. This house has been founded for many years and its inter- ests are vested in the hands of Charles and Frank Georger, gentlemen who have been identified with the industries of Buffalo for forty years. Located at 508 Main street, the premises of the firm are central, commodious and extensive, and here purchases may by made under the most advantageous circumstances, both with reference to price and quality. The stock in Hats, Caps, manufactured Furs and Straw Goods is one of the most complete and carefully selected in the State, and dealers, as well as private consumers will find this statement correct upon investigation, and ascertain that in the purchase of this class of goods, the house of C. & F. Georger is enabled to compete with any in the West. Those having business relations with this house, will not only find a large and superior stock to choose from, but the pursuance of a liberal policy, strict integrity and obliging promptness are the conspicuous characteristics of this firm. WILLIAM COULSON, Druggist, 180 Seneca Street, Corner Michigan Street, and 192 Seneca Street. It has during the past few years been a noticeable fact, that many of the city's present large commercial houses have grown from small beginnings, which had the initiative step on Seneca street, and in consequence have made this street one of the principal retail and jobbing thoroughfares of Buffalo. In noticing, in the usual editorial manner, the drug house of Mr. William Coulson, it suggests itself as an appropriate example of the observation just made, as it has already be- come a prominent institution in that part of the city, and may be accorded a place upon the list of the leading drug houses in Buffalo. This business had its commencement in January, 1874, in a retail way, exclusively, and from that time to the Spring of 1880, was located at 163 Seneca street, and during that period, a branch store, which is still maintained, under the management of Mr. John Coulson, was started at No. 192 Exchange street, in the City Hotel building. About May first, of the present year, Air. Coulson re- moved his principal store from 163 Seneca St., to its present location, at the corner of Michigan and Seneca streets, occu- pying the premises formerly used for the same business by the late Mr. J. L. Hickey, where, having pun based the entire stock from the representatives of Mr. H., has added his own and a large line of new goods in pure I >rugs, Chem- icals, Brushes, Toilet Articles, Perfumes, &c, &c, making his stock not only complete in every particular but of a character such as to invite the attention of the trade, and especially of the medical fraternity, who may here pro- BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. II 9 •cure requisite supplies in every department of materia medica and of such reliability as to purity as to meet with iiul irsement in every instance. Such has been the satisfac- tion given to medical men i.n the past, that a considerable jobbing trade is established among them, and such has been the universal favor with which this house has been regarded both among the retail and the jobbing trade, since its origin, in 1874, that the sales have increased from live thousand, two hundred dollars, in that year, to over twenty-live thou- sand dollars in 1879. Having secured this advantageous location and a more commodious storeroom than he formerly occupied, Mr. Coulson is better prepared to meet any demands upon him for all kinds of Drugs, Medicines, Trusses, Braces, Fancy Articles and Extracts, in Toilet supplies, &C, and it is safe to presume that here his former success will not only be continued, but, as he fully deserves, will be largely aug- mented. Pursuing a course which may he styled the only correct one — that of enterprise, reliability and strict business integ- rity and conscienciousnesss, those of our readers who may want prescriptions filled with accuracy, or anything in the line of Drugs, will further their own huerests by patronizing this house. BUFFALO STEAM CONFECTIONERY WORKS.— SIBLEY ec HOLMWOOD, Manufacturers of Fine Confectionery, 117 and 119 • Seneca Street. The rapid growth and development which has marked the history of Buffalo in the past decade, is nowhere more strik- ingly illustrated than in the enterprise of Messrs. Sibley & Holmwood, proprietors of the Buffalo Steam Confectionery Works, and manufacturers of choice Confections. Originally established in 1872 with limited resources at No. 133 East Seneca street, later removing to in on the same street, the success attendant upon the efforts of this firm has been such as to have resulted in a trade amounting to from one hundred and fifty to two hundred thousand dol- lars annually, finally necessitating a removal from the prem- ises last named, as being too circumscribed, to the new build- ings lately erected at the corner of Wells and Seneca streets, and especially adapted for the requirements of the business. These premises it may be said, consist of one handsome structure, four stories high, with finished basement, pos- sessing a total frontage on Seneca and Wells streets of one hundred and fifty feet, (an illustration of which we give elsewhere), erected by the firm exclusively for its own use, being the finest structure in America devoted exclusively to the manufacture of confectionery, and is justly regarded as an ornament to the city and a substantial evidence of enter- prise. No money has been spared to make the interior equip- ments, and the mechanical appliances, perfect in every re- spect, such as the Howard steam elevator, connecting every floor from basement to roof, copper steam kettles, by far the largest and most complete in use here, a 16-horse power steam engine, with a boiler, having more than double this capacity, and all the latest inventions devised for the more perfect prosecution of the business. This extensive plant is systematically arranged and sub- divided into various departments for the more orderly con- duct of the work. The two large stores into which the build- ing is divided, are devoted respectively to Wholesale and Retail departments, the latter containing the offices of the firm, which are elegantly fitted up and in keeping with the building throughout. The second story is used for stock and packing goods for shipment; the third being supplied with rotary steam pans and other appliances for manufac- turing; while the fourth floor is also devoted to manufactur- ing purposes and contains latest improved steam kettles, chrystalizing apparatus, starch room, drying room, etc., with some portions set apart for storage of supplies; the basement being in part utilized for the manufacture of chewing gums and other resinous or glutinous products. In the production of chewing gums and fine and fasi-se..- ing specialties in small goods, it is safe to say that no house in the entire country make such varieties or desirable goods. To novelties of every description Mr. Sibley devotes a great deal of time, and has been most successful in gaining for the house a reputation for unique designs in the goods them- selves, and in the method of wrapping and packing them, in a manner to make them beyond dispute the most enticing line of goods known in the trade. In this establishment are employed about one hundred operatives, besides six travel- ing representatives, who promote the interests of the firm throughout the entire United States on specialties, and over New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio, Michigan, We. t Vir- ginia and Kentucky in staple and general lines. For many of its products, the house has acquired a repu- tation, which ranks it among the first in the country, over fifty thousand gross of the " Silver Gem Chewing Gum '' having been sold during the past few months. In every department the goods manufactured by the firm are esteemed as being unusually choice and salable, while the superior manner in which all packages are prepared gives additional attraction and value to the goods. With reference to the individual members of the firm we may say that Mr. James Holmwood, who supervises the financial and other relative branches of the business, has spent nearly his whole life in Buffalo or its vicinity, while Mr. Frank .Sibley, a native of this State, has been more than usually identified in the promotion of the industries of this community. Conducting its business upon an upright and liberal basis. and quick to avail itself of every idea, promising improve- ment or desirable novelty, we must accord the firm the credit of being in a position to afford extraordinary advantages to its patrons. S. G. POOLE, Commission Merchant and Dealer in, Lumber, Shingles and Lath, 175 Louisiana Street, As a striking instance of the wonderful center which Buffalo has become for all branches of trade and commerce, we may quote the business house of S. G. Poole. Dealer and Commission Merchant in Lumber, Shingles, Laths, etc , as one of the most successful and enterprising in this com- munity. Mr. Poole was first brought to the notice of the public in this branch of business as Lumber Inspector, in the year 1869, and continued in that position for the following two years, when in the early part of 1871 he commenced oper- ating as a dealer and commission merchant as above. Start- ing as sole proprietor, and with limited resources as to capital, Mr. Poole has, by the greatest energy and perse- verance, even in this short time succeeded so well that the aggregate was over three hundred thousand dollars in 1879, having sold in the previous year sora fifty-eight million shingles and about eight million feet of lumber. In order, also, that he may not be found short in the now daily increasing demand for all kinds of building materials, Mr. Poole has made arrangements by which he has bought up all the lumber and lath which can be got ready to the year 1881, at the three large sawing mills in Tonawanda, also twenty million standard Michigan shingles, an instance of energy and business foresight that cannot fail to bring its reward. Situated on Ohio Basin, with a dock frontage of one thousand feet, and known by the name of Poole's Dock, we find the capacious and well arranged yard of this mer- chant, where all the lumber is piled upon ten by twelve tim- bers, making a clean, dry and solid foundation, besides having sheltering sheds two hundred feet in length, and yards, with piling room, for storing some twelve million feet of lumber. Several wagons and teams are here constantly employed, and at times upwards of forty hands are busily engaged, under the personal supervision of the proprietor. Not content with the lucrative trade he has succeeded in founding in Buffalo, the energy of Mr. Poole has led him to increase his operations by the establishment of a large plan- ing mill at Brooklyn, N. Y., together with a branch office at Saginaw, Mich., which, under the able superintendence respectively of Messrs. L. H. Poole and E. D. Poole, add materially to the success of this already extensive trade, whose business transactions extend to all points south-east and east of Buffalo. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1840, Mr. Pool came to this city some years after, where he has since resided, commencing operations as above in 1869, with what success has already been stated, fully proving, from his energy and general integrity, a worthy member of his native State. See advertisement elsewhere. W. W. TYLER, Wholesale Dealer in Lumber, Lath, Shingles, &c, Ganson Street, Buffalo Creek. The conspicuously advantageous position occupied by Buffalo, as the center of a vast water system, by which she is placed not only in connection with all ports upon the Great Lakes, but directly with the Atlantic sea-board, has exerted an influence upon the trade and commerce of the city, during the past few decades, that has been productive of the most beneficial and astonishing results. Prominently so in its influence upon the lumber trade, which has grown to colossal proportions, the numerous firms engaged in this industry are worthy of special note, and among such we may not omit the enterprise of Mr. \V. W. Tyler, wholesale BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. dealer in Lumber, Lath, Shingles, &c, who, while doing an extensive trade in all the above branches, makes a specialty of and deals largely in Lake Superior Lumber. Mr. W. W. Tyler's new and attractive office is now located on Ganson street, Buffalo Creek, where his commodious yard and docks are situated, giving ample room and facilities for doing a large and increasing business. He is a native of New York State, born in 1843, coming to Buffalo in May, 1878, he embarked in his present busi- ness. Previous to locating here, however, he was engaged in the lumber trade at Williamsport, Pa., at which place he became thoroughly conversant with this vocation in all its branches. Thus, in commencing here, he did so with a matured experience, and thorough knowledge of his calling. The moderate capital possessed at first, has been greatly augmentod. enabling him to control and transact a large business, and his trade, which is of a general character, ex- tends through several States. It has been constantly ad- vancing, and indicates a large increase during the present year, a result the more satisfactory, as such success has been brought about by upright and earnest endeavor, as well as a strict adherence to a liberal and enterprising policy. Wm. SOMERVILLE & SONS, Veterinary Surgeons, 127 Erie Street. It has been stated upon good authority that the horse is an animal peculiarly susceptible to disease, which may be caused by a change of climate, change of feed or even water. The feet, too, deserve especial care, otherwise they are a source of constant anxiety to the experienced Veterinary Surgeon; but so little is this known or appreciated by many owners of horse stock, that but small notice is often taken of the first symptoms of ailment, hence the few animals that are found entirely free from some disease or blemish, and which are perfectly sound. This unsoundness is not always the result of inattention, for in many cases some incompe- tent or ignorant practitioner, possessing a little knowledge, which is always dangerous, is called upon to give advice or render services in a case when a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the horse is absolutely necessary before pre- scribing or operating. The would-be horse doctor goes hap- hazard to work with his powders or bottles of medicine, and before he has completed his course of doctoring, the ruin of the animal has been so nearly completed, that the last efforts of the specially qualified Veterinary Surgeon can only ameliorate, without a chance of bringing the animal into a sound condition again. It is therefore the safest plan in all cases to call in the services of men who have been bred in the profession, who have passed through a regular collegiate course, and graduated with a thorough theoretical and prac- tical knowledge of the business. The firm of Messrs. Wm. Somerville & Sons, of 127 Erie street, is well known as standing in reputation and expe- rience, foremost in this part of the State among others in their profession, and their business is not confined by any means to a local practice, but their fame extends all through New York State, to Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan and Can- ada: some member of the firm being often called as far west as Cincinnati, Chicago and other cities to operate. The senior member of the firm, Dr. Wm. Somerville, has had an experience of forty-two years in the profession, hav- ing served an apprenticeship of six in Europe, and a gradu- ate of a Veterinary coilege. He came to Buffalo in 1844, and commenced his profession in a somewhat unassuming style on Quay street, but as his fame spread his practice ex- tended, and he soon had to look for more commodious quar- ters, and so secured the building they now occupy, which is well adapted for the requirements of the business in all its branches. The premises are three stories high above the basement and have a frontage of twenty-five feet on Erie street, and a depth of two hundred and twenty-five feet, running through to 23 Henry street, where the shoeing forge is located. The shoeing department is a very important one in connection with the business, first class and experienced workmen are engaged, and great care is taken that the horses are shod in a scientific manner. The Infirmary for sick horses is not only the largest in the country, but is the most widely known in the States. This hospital department is fitted up with every comfort and convenience, and the in- valided animals receive every care and attention. The junior members of the firm Wm. Somerville, Jr., and R. M. Somerville, graduated from Toronto, Ont., after go- ing through a regular collegiate course of study, and having already gained a thorough practic .1 training from their father at home, the knowledge they have obtained, and the experi- ence they have gained, places them at the head of their pro- fession. They possess a Laboratory of their own on the premises, containing an extensive and carefully selected stock of drugs. Many of their medicines and prescriptions have a wide reputaticn all over the country, the celebrated Anti-Fever Medicine as an antidote, being very valuable and highly prized. Messrs. Wm. Somerville & Sons have established a firm reputation as practically experienced Veterinary Surgeons, and of maintaining the first establishment of its kind in the United States. W. J. PALMER, Florist, 308 Main Street, Corner of Erie. It is a marked feature in the growth and development 'of every community, that as wealth, education and refinement increase, so, also, keeping pace with its progress in this direction, springs a demand for the natural decoration of flowers, and the work of the florist passes from a pastime into a serious, though delightful, industry, engaging a large amount of capital, and involving the labor of numerous workmen in its several branches. This reflection is particularly true with reference to Buffalo, where several individuals and firms are in posses- sion of extensive conservatories, green-houses and gardens, for the supply of the popular demand, which has been almost entirely created within the last two decades. Of such, Mr. W. J. Palmer may, perhaps, be considered the most successful, which a view of his gardens and glass- houses would readily warrant. Devoting his attention exclusively to the raising of flowers, Mr. Palmer erected, in 1865, in Circle Park on Porter ave- nue, a magnificent conservatory, whose dimensions include sixteen thousand feet of glass, where are to be seen at all seasons of the year, some of the rarest and most beautiful indigenous and exotic flowers and plants, as well as many rare and costly specimens of oriental and tropical origin, besides all the ordinary plants necessarily kept for market purposes. As a specialty, also, for the manufacture of orna- mental baskets, crosses, and such other decorations, there is imported large quantities of foreign grasses and mosses to this country, and a large stock of goods made from them is kept constantly on hand by Mr. Palmer, who also gives particular attention to the rearing of trailing and clambering vines. These green-houses are maintained at a uniform tempera- ture during the most severe winters, by means of a system of iron piping, through which hot water is circulated, which is preferable, as conducing to a moister atmosphere, and a longer retention of the heat, thus preventing sudden changes, from accidental inattention to the furnace. Here are employed four men and several boys, while at the store, Mr. Palmer is assisted by one or more employee's, the entire business being conducted under his personal sup- ervision. The taste displayed by the proprietor, in the composition of beautiful floral designs, and the copious resources in his hands for carrying them out, have naturally led to a trade, which, while embracing Buffalo and environs, does not stop there, as shown by the fact, that numerous orders are con- stantly being received from Cleveland, Philadelphia, Chi- cago, and other large cities east and west. In the furnishing of private conservatories and gardens, funeral offerings, bridal decorations, receptions, banquets and similar festal occasions where flowers are necessarily in requisition, Mr. Palmer may be relied upon to supply the choicest and most tasteful embellishments, at prices that will ensure a continuance of pleasant relations between him- self and his customers. Mr. Palmer is a native of Bristol, England, and came to this country in 1854, where he has since resided, and during that time has been closely identified with the development of the Florist's business in this city; and his endeavors havs been rewarded by the possession of a very desirable business and the gardens and conservatories which we have described in the foregoing article. WILLIAM SCHEU, Flour, Feed, Etc., 241 and 243 Genesee Street. The name of Scheu is proverbial for carrying with it at all times the hearty good will of the citizens generally, as was in a measure evinced by one of the family, and a brother to the William Scheu above, being elected to the honorable position of Mayor of the city during the present term, which closed in January last. The basis of their popular- ity does not, perhaps, emanate so much from their high business qualifications and their associations connected with trade matters, as their genial nature and amicable dis- position, which are characteristic features of the family generally. The brothers Scheu are natives of Germany, William having been born there in 1828. He came to Buffalo in BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 121 1845, and began business on his present stand in 1851. The premises he occupies consist of a spacious three and one-half story brick building, which measures fifty-one by one hundred feet, and here he does an extensive business in Family Flour, Mill Feed, Corn, Oats, Salt, Pressed Baled Hay, Straw, Etc., keeping two large teams con- stantly going, and employing from three to four hands. The patrons of the house may always rely upon prompt attention. He is assisted by Julius G. Scheu as salesman, and Jacob H. Scheu as book-keeper, who inherit the family reputation for being good, reliable and popular men of business. Mr. Scheu began business with a comparatively small capital, which soon met with a prosperous increase, and this has continued up to the present time, when he has more than sufficient for his trade necessities. The business done is chiefly in the city, and in addition to his legitimate trade transactions, he finds good accommoda- tion for horses and cattle for all who may require it. For a thoroughly good business man, and one who is accmmodating to his customers, giving every facility for fair trading, commend us to Mr. William Scheu. F. H. C. MEY, Builder of Dryers for Grain, &c, and Manufac- turer of Elevator Buckets, Elevator Chain Bel- ting, &c. It is probably owing to the fact of Buffalo being one of the largest grain centers in the country, that considerable attention has been directed to the perfecting of such appli- ances as should make the handling of cereals more rapid and convenient. The work of F. H. C. Mey in this department has been particularly efficacious, and has resulted in the invention of superior mechanism which is not only highly approved by the local trade, but has created a demand throughout the United States, Canada, and even South America. The most important of the apparatus devised by Mr. Mey, is the Improved Dryer, of which we believe it to be truth- fully said that it is the only Dryer extant, perfect in opera- tion, and entirely satisfactory. For the drying of Grain, Malt, Brewers' Grains, Meal, Feed, Refuse from Starch Factories and Distilleries, Mey's improved apparatus is not only efficacious but invaluable, as attested by scores of the best citizens in this community. The Metallic Elevator Belt, and Elevator Bucket, are also absolutely necessary for the perfect equipment of ele- vators and grain depositories and magazines. Commencing operations in 1874, Mr. Mey began the manufacture of these specialties at an extensive plant, on the corner of Illinois and Ohio streets. This business was conducted upon an enlarged scale, employing from twenty-five to thirty men, while the annual trade assumed considerable proportions. In 1878 these works were totally destroyed by fire, and he is now carrying on his busines at 21 Indiana street, and every indication points to a constant enlargement of the trade. The machinery employed in this plant is varied and in- genious, and is operated by one steam engine and boiler of ample capacity. A native of Prussia, where he was born in 1829, Mr. Mey acquired the profession of a mechanical engineer; in coming to this country in 1854, has since resided in Buffalo, direct- ing his energy and experience exclusively to the work he has undertaken, there remains no question of his success, or the importance or usefulness of those ingenious appli- ances which he has devised and manufactures. Parties interested, living abroad, should send for illus- trated circulars, and inform themselves thoroughly with reference to this class of mechanism before resorting to old, cumbersome and expensive apparatus. D. D. BENSON, Paintings, Engravings, Frames, Etc., Etc., 356 Main Street. A center of opulence and culture, Buffalo has promoted many enterprises contingent on the fine arts in which, espec- ially during the past decade, a lively interest has been man- ifested. This tendency explains, in a great measure, the success which has attended the efforts of Mr. D. D. Benson, who, as a dealer in Paintings, Statuary, Engravings, Pastels, Crayons, Frames, French Plate Mirrors, Mouldings, and such other articles of household adornment in this direction as are indespensible, has made his establishment a choice emporium of fine art goods and the resort of a cultivated and wealthy trade. Originally established in 1870, by and under the style of Dodge & Benson, the business was founded upon a satisfac- tory basis, and, increasing yearly, came under the exclusive control of the present proprietor, who, since 1874, has still further enlarged its scope and extended its operations. Besides dealing in the goods before enumerated, an ele- gant and costly stock of which may be always found here the house is also extensively engaged in the manufacture of Picture and Mirror Frames, in which department numerous skillful artisans are employed, and considerable capital invested. So marked has been the increase attending the business of the house, that for the purpose of obtaining additional accommodation and facilities, it was found expedient, during the current year, to remove from No. 356 to No. 274 Main street, where, with ampler dimensions, and a more favorable, as well as conspicuous situation, the public may rely upon securing even more marked advantages than heretofore. A native of New York State, born 1832, Mr. D. D. Ben- son removed to Buffalo more than a quarter of a century ago, and is, therefore, widely known in this community. His efforts to improve the public taste in matters of art have not been unavailing, and his judgment may be taken as a safe-guard in the purchase and selection of those arti- cles in which he deals that belong purely to the province of art. JOHN W. CORCORAN, General Insurance and Real Estate Agent and Loan Broker, 358 Main Street. Firmly established as Real Estate and Insurance Agent and Loan Broker, at No. 358 Main street, we notice the office of Mr. John W. Corcoran, who first commenced busi- ness in this line in 1874, successfully continuing the same up to the present time. During the past six years Mr. Corcoran has succeeded in identifying himself with both Life, Fire and Accident Insurance Companies, representing the Insurance Company of North America, Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Company, Travellers' Insurance Company, and Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, in all of which he has become well and favorably known, doing a large business in this city and vicinity, as well as controling the management of the last named company for the counties of Erie, Niagara and Chautauqua, the policies of which company being now payable at his office. Besides acting as agent in the above line, Mr. Corcoran is largely engaged in the renting and selling of property, as well as collecting of rents and furnishing tax and title searches, having in charge a considerable amount of prop- erty, which he manages with ability and to the satisfaction of those interested. As a negotiator for loans, which his peculiar position as real estate and insurance agent affords him every facility for, he has been enabled, in numerous cases, to effect loans of considerable amounts, to the satisfaction of both capital- ist and borrower. Previous to entering into this business Mr. Corcoran was engaged for nearly five years as business manager and fore- man of the Buffalo Catholic Publication Company, a posi- tion he maintained with credit to himseif, and in which he earned a reputation for integrity and ability. A Buffa'.onian by birth, having been born in this city April 10th, 1849- he is well known in this community as a young man of high character and great enterprise, and justly enjoys the esteem of a large portion of the populace of his native city. JOHN BEKEN, Manufacturer of Tents, Awnings, Flags, Etc., 299 Main Street. The manufacture of Awnings and Flags has become quite an important branch of business lately, and it is but natural our own city should have an establishment of the kind, as it is said upon good authority that Buffalo has more awnings — for its size — than any other city in the States. Mr. John Beken, who is a native of England, commenced seven years ago in a small way to manufacture door and window awnings, and such has been his success in the busi- ness that it has gradually increased on his hands, until now he has the largest trade of the kind in town. Since then he has combined with the original business the manufacture of Tents for Lawn and Croquet parties, as well as for shooting and business purposes. He likewise makes to order horse and wagon covers, splices rope, and does repairs generally. His orders for flags come from all the towns on the Lakes, and the business in this respect is a very extensive one. Mr. Beken also makes a business of putting up and tak- BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. ing down awnings, storing them during the Winter, and re- jil.ii ing them in the Spring. The bunting used in his business is principally made at Lowell, Mass., and is highly recommended for its durability and resistence to the wea'.her. The trade done in Tents is very large during the season, and Mr. Beken's reputation is equal to any in his line in this part of the State, his business associations extending all over the Lakes, and as far west as Illinois, Iowa, &c. In addition to Tents, Awnings, etc., he is prepared at all times to furnish on the shortest notice, flags of this and other nations, at such prices as will enable him to compete successfully with all comers. HENRY BALLAUFF & CO., Manufacturers of Boots and Shoes, 206, 208 and ' 210 Exchange Street. In disclosing the manufacturing interests of Buffalo, the house of Henry Ballauff & Co. is certainly deserving of recognition as being one of the largest wholesale manufac- turing concerns in the line of Men's hand-sewed, machine- sew '<1, and hand-pegged Boots and Shoes. This enterprise was established in 1868 by B. Delitsch & Co., who were succeeded by the present firm in 1876. Though originally commencing in a small way, the trade has rapidly increased as may be inferred from the fact that not less than thirty-five hundred cases of superior goods were manufactured in 1879, with favorable prospects of a large increase during the current year. Formerly located at No. 161 Washington street, the busi- ness premises were removed on the 1st of May to the exten- sive new building, owned by Messrs. Root & Keating, at Nos. 206, 208 und 210 Exchange street, where, more per- fectly equipped than ever, the firm proposes to enhance the high reputation which it has already achieved. The building at present occupied is in area 82x206 feet, with frontage on both Exchange and Carroll streets, and here from eighty to one hundred operatives are employed, varying in number with the demands of the season. A 12-horse-power engine is used for driving the machinery, which consists in part of numerous McKay Sewing Ma- chines, Heel Trimmers, Tapley Burnishers, Union Edge Setters, and other appliances necessary for the execution of accurate and perfectly finished work. Six commercial trav- elers represent the house throughout the entire West, where the goods manufactured by the firm are eagerly sought for by the trade as being unusually salable and satisfactory. Of the several members of the firm, Mr. Henry Ballauff and Mr. Bernhardt Delitsch both are well-known through- out this community, and command respect for many excel- lent characteristics, which have tended to place the house in its present eminent and influential position. CHAMPLIN & COMPANY, Manufacturers of Champlin's Liquid Pearl, 89 East Seneca Street. There are several houses in this city which, in the man- ufacture of certain specialties, have secured a wide reputa- tion for themselves as well as done no little to advertise Buffalo throughout the United States. Prominent among these, the firm of Champlin & Co. is entitled to recognition in this work as being the proprietor and manufacturer of Champlin's Liquid Pearl, a valuable cosmetic compound, without which no toilet table is com- plete. Established in 1869 in this manufacture, Mr. O. H. P. Champlin, having been connected for thirty years with the drug business, and one of the oldest druggists of this city, Messrs. Champlin & Co. assumed the entire control of the business six years later, and have conducted it with such vigor and success that their product has become known and prized all over the entire continent. The merits of this article have become so fully recognized as to have occasioned hundreds of testimonials from the mo t prominent wholesale druggists and pharmaceutists of the United States. Among those that attest its superiority in the Strongest terms are firms and individuals well known in t'ais community, such as Powell & Plimpton, J. P. & J. W. Uiehl, W. H. Smith, R. K. Smither, William Coleman, Trowbridge & Co , J. W. Bussukimmer, Buxton & Rouse, J. Thomas, Edward J. Liebetrut, A. J. Shapaker, Max Clausens, Retel Brothers, James A. Darlington, George N. Sto Idard, C. M. Harvey, H. K. Stevens, William Coulson, William Pask, C. W. Armstrong, Willis 1). Gregory, C. O. Rano, W. S. O'Brien, A. C. Anthony, C. Rodenback, John L. Hickey, Richard A. Tibbs, William H. Tibbs, Julius E. Francis, C. M. Lyman, I>r. O. Boysen, Rieffenstahl Broth- ers, George Biles, John W. Sonnick, and others, who uni- formly concur in saying that it is not only the best selling article of the kind in the market, but that it is pre-emi- nently superior to any other preparation of the kind, giving perfect satisfaction in every case. The facts are, that after having been in general use for more than ten years, the demand is greater than ever, over one hundred gross, or more than fifteen thousand bottles, having been manufactured and sold during the past years. The premises of the firm are located at No. 89 East Seneca street, and occupy one entire floor of the building, which is convenient and capacious. Several assistants are engaged in preparing and packing the Pearl product, which is shipped to all points in the United States, numerous orders having been received from private consumers in London and Paris. The trade at large are so familiar with the superiority of this admirable cosmetic as to require no further mention at our hands, and the standing of the house is such as to entitle it to the respect with which it is regarded. PALEN & BURNS, Coal and Pig Iron, Office, 246 Washington Street. Considerable as has been the traffic transacted in Buffalo in coal and iron during the past decade, it is obvious that these branches of trade are becoming more important, in relation to the general industries, and involve more capital and employ labor on a larger scale than ever heretofore. In this connection we need not apologize for mentioning the house of Palen & Burns, dealers and brokers in Anthra- cite and Bituminou's Coals, Foundry. Coke, Foreign and American Pig Iron, Old Car Wheels, Rails, Wrought and Cast Scrap Iron, etc. It is one of the best known houses in the city engaged in this line of business. The house was established in 1875, by Messrs. Robert Palen and Millard S. Burns, both of whom, for several years previous to the date of the copartnership, had been identified with Buffalo and its industries. By arrangements with leading Anthracite coal mining companies of Pennsylvania, the firm is enabled to offer advantages to buyers and consumers of hard coal in car-load lots, special attention being also given to the retail branch of the business; telephonic connection with their offices and yards insuring the prompt delivery of all orders. The firm also handles the best products of the Brier Hill, Reynolds- ville, Fairmount, Monterey and Daguscahonda regions of Bituminous coal, used for gas and steam purposes. The attention of foundrymen is also called to the fact that the firm deals largely in Connellsville and Fairmount Coke.which have proved, in experience and from chemical analyses, to be the best fuels for the reduction of iron and the preserva- tion of its most desirable qualities. Besides conducting a trade that reaches over large portions of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, the West and the Cana- das in coal, the house also deals largely as brokers in Pig Metal, Blooms, Billets and Rails, buying and selling direct old Rails, Wheels, Axles and Scrap Iron generally. Both partners attend to the executive and financial departments of the business, which is conducted in a man- ner that greatly redounds to the enhanced consideration with which the firm is regarded generally. NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, OF NEW YORK. Incorporated 1838. Buffalo Branch Office. Office for Passage and Exchange on Europe, 72 East Genesee Street. Conrad Baer, Manager. Mr. Conrad Baer was born in Germany, in 1825, coming to Buffalo in 1844, and embarking in his present business in 1865. During the past fifteen years the Insurance, Conveyanc- ing and Passenger and Exchange Business has received his unremitting attention. 'Few are better known or appreci- ated, especially among our German citizens, than Mr. Baer, and his long familiarity in these specialties, and his scrupu- lous integrity in all transactions pertaining to them, may be a sure guarantee of good faith. It would be superfluous in us to eulogize the National Fire Insurance Company; it is so prominently national in the range and extent of its connections that nothing we could say would add to its reputation. In the passage and exchange line of business, Mr. Baer has been eminently successful, and being thoroughly con- versant with all details of this department, is enabled to offer his patrons every advantage that can be offered in the procuring of these equal, if not superior, to any other agency, and we can confidently recommend him to the favorable notice of our readers. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 123 J. S. LVTLE & SON, Harnbss anu Horse Furnishings, No. 20 Exchange Street. Among those engaged in the Harness trade in this city, perhaps no house is better or more widely known than that above named, which, established in 1S40, has a history ex- tending now over a period of forty years. The business was originally founded by J. S. Lytle & Co., succeeded afterwards by Cook & Lytle, and changed in 1866 to J. S. Lytle & Son (C. P. Lytle), under which style the house is still conducted, with Mr. R. A. Lytle as book- keeper, &c. Engaging the services of sixteen employees in the manu- facture of Harness Goods, and dealing largely in all kinds of horse-furnishing trappings and paraphernalia, the firm carries a stock exceptionally complete, valued at about twelve to fifteen thousand dollars, and embracing every- thing in this line from a bit to a blanket. The premises occupied are commodius, having a frontage of twenty and a depth of go feet, three floors being devoted to the requirements of the business. All the latest and most approved novelties in Track and Driving Harness and horse equipments are to be found here, and this is the cen- ter from which radiates a trade that extends over large por- tions of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and the Canadas. The senior partner, Mr J. S. Lytle, is a native of Erie Co., Pa. Born in 1S13, he removed to Buffalo in 1837, an d f r °m that time has been actively identified with the industries of the city, which he has done much to foster and promote. The junior partner's (Mr. C. P. Lytle) natal place is Buffalo, and his life-long connection with the house has given him a detailed knowledge of the business that is always em- ployed to the advantage of those who deal with the firm, whose liberal and enterprising policy has made it a pleasant and profitable one with which to do business. CORNELL LEAD CO., Manufacturers of White Lead, Lead Pipe, Sheet and Bar Lead, Corner Delaware and Virginia Streets. In disclosing the advantages that pertain to Buffalo in the great channels of commerce and manufacture, it is our in- tention, while avoiding unnecessary minutiae, to so repre- sent the industries of this community, as to leave no doubt in the minds of distant readers that this market not only can, but does compete as a source of supplies with any in the c :untry. In so doing we cannot ignore the claims to prominence of the Cornell Lead Co., which, in the manufacture of White Lead, Lead Pipe, Sheet and Bar Lead, is entitled to more than ordinary consideration, not only from the fact of its being the only enterprise of its kind in Buffalo, but from its age, merit and magnitude. The business owes its origin to the efforts of Messrs. S. G. Cornell and G. T. Williams, who, in 1852, entered into the manufacture of White Lead under the name of the Niagara White Lead Co., and in 1859 purchased the business and good-will of Messrs. Thomp- son & Co., who for many years had carried on the manufac- ture of White Lead in this city. In 1861 it passed into the hands of Messrs. S. G. Cornell & Son, who prosecuted the business under that name until 1867, the date of the forma- tion of the existing company, of which, Mr. S. G. Cornell became President; Mr. A. P. Thompson of the former firm of Messrs. Thompson &. Co., Vice-President and Mr. S. Douglass Cornell, Secretary; these positions being held by each with distinguished ability for many years. Here is also carried on upon a large scale the manufacture of Lead Pipe, by means of an hydraulic process invented by Mr. S. G. Cornell, and warmly approved by the highest au- thorities for the perfect manner in which its work is per- formed in the construction of Lead Pipe of all available sizes and weights. From the very first, the Company has devoted the most scrupulous care to the preservation of chemical purity in the White Lead manufactured, and has succeeded so entirely in this respect, that a public reward of twenty dollars offered for every ounce of adulturation found in any package bear- ing its brand has found no claimant. The plant of the Company is situated on the corner of Delaware and Virginia streets and occupies an area of over two acres, upon which have been erected at various times, as the business increased, numerous buildings, the largest of which is four stories high, 40x60 feet in dimensions and hav- ing two wings of equal altitude respectively 80x25 and 60x20 in area. A corroding house, 60x200 feet forms part of the establishment, besides which an extensive laboratory and a separate building for offices supply every requisite conven- ience. The capacity of these works is stated at about five tons of Prime White Lead per day, with an equal amount of Lead Pipe, Sheet and Bar Lead, making a total product of about three thousand tons annually. Great advantages un- doubtedly accrue to the Company, from the fact of the transportation by the Lakes to this point of the pig lead from the Western mines and the equal facility with which manu- factured product is distributed by Railroad, Lake and Canal. With reference to the mechanical equipments, it may be said that whatever macninery has been invented to acceler- ate or improve the product is here found in operation. One 80-horse power engine with two boilers furnishing the mo- tive power, and about thirty hands finding regular employ- I hompson, Secretary; all gentlemen whose connection w ith this enterprise has done much to place it in a position so desirable and the achievment of success so substantial. The Cornell Lead Company may therefore be regarded as one of the prominent institutions of Buffalo, and our readers abroad who are concerned will find that their demands in the lines indicated can be supplied by this Company upon terms as advantageous, and with a quality superior, to most of its cotemporanes. See advertisement elsewhere. THOMAS ROBINSON, Dealer in Lumber, &c, Ganson Street. There is hardly another city in th~ United States that may be said to command such unriva! advantages for the transportation of freight, either by water or rail, than Buf- falo, and the present extent of her trade in Lumber is a just proof of the truth of this statement. Among the numerous firms connected with this business in this city, we notice particularly the house of Mr. Thos. Rob- inson, dealer in rough and planed Lumber on Ganson street, who, commencing business in this line early in the preceding year with a moderate capital, has so far succeeded in es- tablishing himself as to have transacted a trade during the first year of his enterprise amounting to sales in the sum of from seventy-five to one hundred and fifty thousand dol- lars. Occupying a spacious and commodious yard, having every facility for the preservation and sheltering of Lumber from storms and bad weather, Mr. Robinson keeps constantly on hand an extensive stock of material, including shingles and all kinds of Pine Lumber, rough and dressed, which have already found sales throughout a territory including New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and other Middle and Eastern States, with every promise of a considerable in- crease in the future. A native of Brantford, Canada, where he was born in 1S46, Mr. Robinson has enjoyed a lengthened experience in the Lumber districts of Michigan for upwards of fifteen years prior to his establishing himself in this community, and with such a practical knowledge of the wants and re- quirements of the trade, together with his enterprise and general business qualification, success can be reckoned but a matter of time. Lately erecting an office at his yard, the clerical depart- ment of this firm is under the management of Mr. George Volgy, a gentleman well-known to be fully qualified for the position, and parties desiring to open negotiations for the purchase of Lumber, etc., with this house, will find that obligingness and general liberal policy extended to them that can not fail to meet w ith the approval and results de- sired. See advertisement elsewhere. WM. GOLDSMITH, Watches and Jewelry, No. 381 Main Street. Mr. Goldsmith makes a specialty of dealing in Watches and Jewelry, imported and domestic. He established his present business in Buffalo in 1879, occupies one floor, and engages the assistance of two employees. What his facilities are for conducting the business, are best known to those who purchase Watches and Jewelry from him for about one-half their real value. The acute dis- cernment of the reader will suggest, therefore, the necessity (as a matter of profit) for remembering the place, a piece of advice that is particularly addressed to those who, residing at a distance, obtain their supplies in this city. Here, also, are held auction sales every evening (Sundays excepted) of each week, when great bargains may be obtained in Watches, Chains and Jewelry generally. 124 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. GEORGE HORNUNG, Produce Commission Merchant, 170 Scott Street. The trade of Mr. Hornung extends all over the United States and Canada. Dealing in Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry, Potatoes, Foreign and Domestic Fruits, etc., and having had a lengthened experience, his business is a most extensive one. He began on his own account seventeen years ago, and has been in his present business since 1870. His trade is carried on at 170 Scott street, in a brick building 30x60, where he generally carries a large stock of goods varying from one to five thousand dollars, which is regulated by the demands of the market or the fluctuations of trade. (established 1870.) VI 1 r • He was born in this city in 1844. and for years has been an energetic and pushing, though prudent, man of business, having a fine connection and many friends. With sufficient capital to control his trade, and a thorough knowledge of his business, and the requirements of the public, he has met with success and prosperity hitherto, which doubtless will continue with him so long as he re- mains actively associated with, or actively engaged in com- mercial pursuits. MAERZ LITHOGRAPHING CO., 42 Exchange Street. Lithographing, Engraving and Printing in every variety of style, and with artistic finish and execution, constitutes the business of the Maerz Lithographing Co., who have attained the highest standard of efficiency and perfection for this class of work to be found anywhere in the country. The business, as it is conducted at present, was estab- lished under the present management in 1879, although Mr. A. J. Maerz, the originator of the concern and with whose artistic conception it is prominently associated, had a prior experience in Buffalo, having been engaged here, in 1870, as artist for the establishment of Cosack & Co., where he was engaged for eight years. He afterwards went to Brooklyn and commenced business on his own account. His reputa- tion for high classed work grew rapidly, and the trade in- 1 reased to such an extent that in a year and a half he found his own efforts alone quite inadequate to control the work- ings of the concern, so, at the special request of many friends find former patrons, he again came to Buffalo, and formed the present Company. The premises consist of nearly the entire second floor of the Express building, which is situated in the Washington Block, corner of Washington and Exchange streets, and are fitted up with machinery and all modern appliances for doing this class of work; the fittings and equipments being all new and of the latest improved designs, with adequate steam-power, which is obtained from the Express rooms, for running the machinery and working the presses. Two of these powerful steam presses are at present in use, with numerous hand presses of different sizes; the rapid increase of the business requiring that two additional steam presses will soon be required, which it is the intention of the Com- pany to shortly apply. In fact, at the present rate of in- crease, the Maerz Lithographing Co. promises soon to take the lead of any similar house in the country. The class of business d me comprises everything in the line of Lithographing, Engraving or Printing. Theatrical and Circus work are made a specialty of, while Agricultural and Bank business, fine Chromo and Commercial work are executed in a style that is equal to anything produced in the line. The utmost care in designing and execution is likewise given to Show Cards. Labels, Bank Checks, Drafts, tic, to which every attention is given and unique designs furnished. The partners of the firm are: A. J. Maerz, who is the artist and is at the head of this department, John D. Meade and John Schindler, the former being the printer and the latter the engraver of the establishment. Each is a practi- cal workman in his respective line and gives untiring and special attention to the department under his control, while Mr. J. C. Bryant is the financial manager of the house and attends to this most important branch of the undertaking, so necessary for the successful working of any enterprise. Including the partners, twenty-five hands are employed in the various departments of the business, all skillful and practical workmen, the weekly pay-roll for their services averaging about three hundred and fifty dollars. As pre- viously stated, the business done is of an extensive char- acter, and is not particularly confined to any special section of country or state, but extends throughout the entire Union, the high reputation of the firm bringing work from all quarters. The individual partners of the Company have everything in their favor. They are all gentlemen of lengthened ex- perience and understand their business thoroughly and completely. Messrs. Maerz and Meade are natives of this state. The latter served his time with Major & Knapp, of New York, and was afterwards, for about ten years, with Cosack & Co., where he made a special reputation in fine color and chromo printing, and, as a member of this Com- pany, has entire charge of the printing department. Mr. Schindler, who is a native of Germany, was also with Major A: Knapp, and afterwards with the Hatch Lithographing Co., of New York. He came to Buffalo in 1872, where his experience was afterwards matured with Clay & Cosack, and Gies & Co. His association with the present Company, of which he has recently become a partner, will do much to lighten the labors and responsibilities of the other members connected with the successful working of the establishment, which promises to soon become one of the foremest institu- tions of the kind in this country or elsewhere. The enter- prise of the members of the firm, and the reputation they bear as artists and practical men of business, certainly deserves to command success. M. W. CHASE, School and Church Furniture, 212 and 214 Sev- enth Street. The attention that has been given toeducation.particularly during the last twenty years, has been very properly directed not alone to the intellectual development of the rising genera- tion, but to the physical convenience and bodily comfort as well as pleasing surroundings of. the scholar, both in our public and private institutions of learning. During this period, therefore, and as a natural result of such enlightenment, greater care has been taken in the con- struction of school houses, proper methods of heating and ventilation sought for, and the character of the furniture, seats, benches, desks, tables, etc., vastly improved. Even by the churches it has been discovered that bodily repose is not imcompatible with devotional feeling, and as a natural consequence, the awkward, ungainly, straight- backed, Puritanic pews of our progenitors have disappeared, giving place to such infinitely superior substitutes as are manufactured by M. W. Chase. Twenty-six years ago Mr. Chase, who is a native of Lowville, New York State, established himself in Buffalo, and with somewhat limited resources, commenced the man- ufacturing here of School and Church Furniture. His enterprise, which was at that time the only one of the kind west of New York, prospered under the impetus of his energy, and as improvements were made in style, shape, finish, material, construction, etc., the business gradually enlarged, until at present the operations conducted at this house extend ever a very large part of the United States. The plant now required by" Mr. Chase for the conduct of his business, is extensive, commodiously situated and admirably equipped with every mechanical appliance to BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. expedite the work or to increase its perfection. Five build- ings, each of which is employed for separate departments of the work, occupying an area of two hundred by one hundred and sixty-two feet, now form part of the plant, where a large number of operatives find occupation, and a 25-horse power steam engine, with surplus boiier capacity. Numerous improvements, as before stated, have been invented by Mr. Chase in the special line of his products, all of which are guaranteed, and complete satisfaction war- ranted in every case. Those of our readers residing at a distance who may feel interested, will receive, upon application, an illustrated catalogue and price list, which will convey such informa- tion as will corroborate our statements with reference to the superior character of the goods manufactured by M. W. Chase. See advertising card elsewhere. McGRATH & BISGOOD, Wholesale Manufacturers of Mattresses, Spring Beds, Bedding, etc., 218 Main Street. The only house in Buffalo engaged exclusively in the manufacture of Mattresses, Spring Beds and Bedding of all kinds is that of McGrath & Bisgood. This firm was estab- lished eleven years ago and has occupied the premises now in use for more than five years. These premises are situated on the principal thoroughfare of the city, are centrally located, commodious and extensive, and consist of one five story building, 22x85 feet in area, thoroughly equipped for the purposes of the trade. The ground floor is appropriated as a retail store room and offices, the second floor for mat- tresses, spring lounges and similar goods; in the third story, hair is worked and picked, lounges made and spring bed frames manufactured, while the other floors are used for the storage of stock, and as work-rooms, etc. During its business career, the firm has succeeded by the thorough excellence of its products, and a prompt, liberal and enteiprising business policy, in building up a trade, which extends all over Western New York, Penn- sylvania, Ohio and Michigan, besides engrossing a large share of what may be called the Lake trade. In this direction they have executed large orders for the equipment of the best and finest steamers in the Union Steamboat Company, Western Transportation Com- pany, the Lake Superior Transit Company and other navi- gation companies. Through the courtesy of Mr. E. B. Jeffers, Chief Steward of the Union Steamboat Company, (of which we have spoken elsewhere), we had great pleasure in examining the propeller " Nyack," which was fitted up and supplied by Messrs. McGrath & Bisgood with all the equipments pertaining to their business, and too much can- not be said in praise of the manner in which their work was done, and which added so materially in making this vessel the most splendidly appointed and elegantly furnished steam-ship on the Lakes. As an evidence of the durability of the work turned out at this establishment it should be mentioned that some ten \ - a rs ago, the firm entered into a contract with one of the Trans- portation Companies, to fit out three of their vessels; the goods supplied were to be guaranteed for four years, and notwithstanding all the tear and wear attendant upon such goods on board ship, they are to be found in use on these vessels at the present day. The house also imports from England, Iron and Brass Bedsteads in great variety, the former being gauged in price from four and a half to thirty dollars, and the latter, from thirty to four hundred dollars. These goods are the bc^t of the kind extant and are manufactured by Messrs. Peyton & Peyton, Bordsley Works, Birmingham; are considered indispensible in Europe, and will eventually, so far as material is concerned, supercede all others in the United States, among the better classes. To the purchase and sale of Prime Live Geese Feathers the firm devotes its attention as a specialty, and is also in receipt of large quantities of African Fibre, from Algiers, which is used as a durable and inexpensive substitute for hair. In every respect the firm is adequate to all the demands of a large and increasing trade, and is prepared at all times to fill contracts for the furnish- ing of the largest hotels, private residences, sleeping-cars and vessels. The individual membersof the firm are Henry McGrath and Henry V. Bisgood; they are both natives of Ireland, but coming to this country at an early age, may be regarded as life-long residents of this city. They have established a reputation here of such a char- acter as to make personat'comment invidious, and, bringing to their enterprise an unusual degree of discernment, liber- ality and integrity, are fully entitled to the general estima- tion in which they are held. TAYLOR & CRATE, Wholesale Lumber Dealers, 269 Elk Street. We are free to admit, in descanting upon them any advan- tages in all departments of trade, manufactures and com- merce, that pertain to Buffalo, that one of the most import- ant enterpises connected with this community is that which relates to the lumber trade. What the magnitude of these interests are, will appear by comparative statistics in the editorial portion of this work, our intention now being to state some facts with reference to the firm of Taylor i Crate, a house which has promoted the business, to which we allude, to a remarkable degree. This firm, which is composed individually of Frederick W. Taylor and James Crate, was established in 1864, and though commencing with comparatively narrow means and limited resources, succeeded in transacting a business the first year, involving over one million feet of lumber, repre- senting a trade at that time of about twenty-five thou- sand dollars or more. Having a thorough practical knowledge of the business and entirely familiar with every detail, both members of the firm applied themselves sedulously and successfully to the enlargement of operations, which annually increased; so much so, that in 1879, the house handled fully ten million feet of lumber and now carry an average stock of six million feet. The Buffalo plant of the firm is situated on Elk street, as above, and occupies an area of over two acres, besides which, numerous yards are owned in the West, Indiana and elsewhere. Conducting its traffic largely on a wholesale basis, the firm directs especial attention to the trade in hard and fancy woods, such as Walnut, Ash, Oak, Cherry, White- wood, Butternut, Hickory, Sycamore, Cottonwood, Chest- nut, Maple, Basswood, Red Cedar, &c, the demand for which has largely increased during the past decade, as a result of the introduction of new styles of Furniture and interior decoration, the prevalent taste demanding light colored woods in preference to all others. Employing a force of from forty to fifty men in this city alone, the firm conduces, by no little means, to the general industrial thrift, while in charge of the clerical department, as chief bookkeeper, we find Mr. R. B. Richardson; Mr. Horace C. Mills occupying the responsible post of cashier, assisted by Theophilus Otto. The facilities enjoyed by the firm for the transaction of its colossal trade, may be regarded as unsurpassed, all the unrivalled advantages possessed by Buffalo for cheap water transportation being at its disposal, together with such con- veniences as are afforded by the various railroad lines cen- tering here. As before stated, both members of the firm, possess wide 126 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. and varied experience in the lumber trade. Mr. Taylor, who is originally from Northamptonshire, England, has been identified with the business since 1853, when he com- menced as tallyman and inspector, while Mr. Crate, who is a native of Detroit, Michigan, has been equally familiar with the trade for many years. '1 he position occupied by the house, in Buffalo, is unex- ceptionable, and contractors, builders and manufacturers of furniture, will ascertain by a single experiment that their interests will be greatly promoted by establishing business relations with Messrs. Taylor & Crate. See advertisement elsewhere. STODDART BROTHERS, Drugs and Medicines, 84 East Seneca Street. The Drug Store of Messrs. Stoddart Brothers at 84 East Seneca Street, possesses every convenience and requisite that goes to make it one of the first of its class in the city. The brothers, Thomas and Charles, are both graduates of the Toronto Pharmacy, and are practical Druggists, keeping only the most reliable Chemicals, and the best 'and purest of Drugs; and their other articles of stock, Perfumery, Toilet and Fancy Goods, etc., are all noted for being first-class in every respect. The business was established in 1876, with a full and com- plete stock of everything requisite to form a Drug Store of the highest class, and the interior fittings and fixtures are all of a character which reflect the greatest credit upon the taste of the proprietors. The store has a frontage of twenty-five feet, by one hun- dred feet deep, the front being occupied as a sales-room, with a laboratory in therear, and the general business may be said to be divided' into four departments, namely, the manufacturing department, the general drug department, the prescription department and the patent medicine de- partment, all of which are under the direct personal super- vision and management of the proprietors, who, during the day attend to the business themselves, carefully compound- ing their prescriptions from the finest drugs. They employ one night clerk, experienced in the business, and the-store may be found open at all hours of the day or night. In ad- dition to their Drugs and Chemicals, the Messrs. Stoddart also carry an entensive stock of Fancy Toilet Articles, com- prising Brushes of all kinds, Medicated Soaps, and a full line of Cologne and Extract Perfumes, etc.; and make a specialty of their own specific, Stoddart's Peerless Liquid for the complexion; also Liebig's Vegetable Worm Powders, so highly prized in this community and wherever introduced;_ and acknowledged to be the most efficacious vermifuge in the country for restoring and promoting the health of the child, as well as for destroying and removing any -•ermes that may infest either child or adult. In these specialties the house does both a wholesale and re- tail trade, and druggists throughout the country will find in these preparations, the most reliable goods for the purposes intended, that can be offered over their counters to patrons; and a large trade is already established in many of the States, and is rapidly being developed through the entire country. The enterprise of the Stoddart Brothers has met with appreciative acknowledgement from the public, both in the retail city trade and the wholesale business, through this and other States, and the firm is regarded with that estima- tion rightfully due to a business policy founded upon the strictest integrity and the highest standard ot professional accomplishment. GEORGE W. HAYWARD & COMPANY, Buffalo Coffee and Spice Mills, Etc., 305 and 307 Washington Street. By a careful examination of the commercial facilities enjoyed by this city, we find that among its cotemporaries the house of Messrs. Geo. W. Hayward & Co. is perhaps the most important. This distinction is accorded not only from the fact that the house is one of the largest in Buffalo, but in the magnitude of its operations and the enterprise of its business policy it may be regarded as occupying an eminent position and exerting marked influence upon the trade. Established in 1S66, under the existing title, the individ- ual members of the firm being then, as now, Messrs. George W. Hayward >k H. N. Elliott; from its inception, the house gave evidence of its vitality, that the period elapsed has only served to increase. Occupying unusually ci. mniodious premises, at Nos. 305 and 307 Washington street, consisting of one handsome struc- ture, having four floors, with an area of thirty-eight by one hundred and ten feet, with basement of same dimensions, the firm possesses every appliance and facility necessary for the successful prosecution of the business, which amounts to about four hundred thousand dollars annually, together with ample accommodations for stock, which averages about fifty thousand dollars in value. This extensive establishment is divided into several departments for the systematic conduct of the business, including the wholesale and retail departments, as well as that for the manufacture of baking powder, the grinding and preparation of spices, as well as that special division of the work which relates to the packing of fruit. Thirty-five hands are engaged in these various employments, and a 25-horse power steam engine is brought into requisition for operating the grinding mills and the elevator, by which the several floors are connected. Dealing in Dried Fruits, Cheese and Butter as specialties, the transactions of the house are of great magnitude, not less than two million pounds of dried apples having been prepared, packed and sold by the firm during the past twelve months, mechanical appliances, devised exclusively for the packing of apples, being in use by this concern. Embracing the whole range of Groceries, Teas, Coffees and choice imported products pertinent to the trade, this house enjoys a position unusually favorable for affording its patrons substantial advantages, and with an ample capital and valuable experience, Messrs. George W. Hayward <£ Co. are fully entitled to the success they have achieved and the general consideration with which they are regarded. COSACK & COMPANY, Lithographers and Engravers, No. 251 Washing- ton Street. We know of no particular reason why it should be so, but the fact remains undisputed that for a high standard of ty- pographic and lithographic excellence Buffalo is unsur- passed by any other city, without exception, in this coun- In alluding to the enterprises carried on in the last named department of art, we cannot overlook the eminent position achieved by the house of Cosack & Company, nor properly evade a short sketch of a firm that has done so much to en- hance the reputation of Buffalo with reference to the work in which it is engaged. Founded sixteen years ago under the firm title of Clay, Cosack & Company, operations were commenced, and have been carried out to the present time, with the intention of producing Lithographic work in all departments as nearly perfect as modern means would permit. With such a determination, and a comprehensive practical experience on the part of Mr. Cosack, the house was not long in acquiring a wide celebrity, which has been annually increasing. Upon the retirement of Mr. Clay in the Fall of 1877, Mr. Edwin A. Clark was admitted to an interest in the concern, which changed its style to that of Cosack & Company — as at present — composed individually of H. Cosack, Edwin A. Clark and James D. Warren, who has been referred to else- where as the proprietor of the Commercial Advertiser. From a personal inspection of the work executed by Co- sack & Company, we are led to remark that from an ordinary Busiuess Card to the finest Chromo Lithograph it is in many ^respects superior to any that we have had occasion to pass upon, and especially in color-work an artistic skill and fancy is displayed that cannot be too highly extolled. That such is also the public verdict, may be truthfully assumed from the fact that a business has been established, which ranges from Maine to California and from the L T pper Mississippi to the Gulf, including not only the entire United States, but attracting orders from Stockholm, London, and various points on the continent of Europe. For the accommodation of the Western trade, it has been found necessary to establish a branch office in the city of Chicago, which is located at No. 99 Madison street, and though the facilities of the establishment are unusually ex- tensive, it will, shortly, be necessary to enlarge the same. The business premises, located next to the post-office at No. 251 Washington street, embrace the whole of one build- ing having four stories and basement, and here are employed forty-five artists, artizans and others, to pay whom an out- lay of nearly one thousand dollars per week is necessary, a sum indicative at once of the fact that nothing but the highest talent is engaged. The Art Industries of the Centennial, an elaborate illus- trated reflex of the Exhibition of 1S76, may be regarded as the c/iefti'ouvre of Cosack & Company, and is illuminated in a style of Art that almost precludes the possibility of criticism. To our readers abroad this house is cordially commended, and those having a desire for any class of work reprodui ed from stone, will find themselves amply repaid by a corres- pondence with Cosack iV_ Company. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 127 JAMES' COUGH PILL CO., German Insurance Building, Main Street. The various interests pertaining to Buffalo would not be fully represented without at least brief allusion to the James' Cough Pill Co., an enterprise that is not only active in promoting the industries of this community, but, in the most beneficent sense, conduces to the amelioration and eradication of many painful and dangerous diseases. Firmly established as a joint stock company, under the laws of this state, with a capital of fifty thousand dollars, and the proprietory interests in many valuable remedies, the company, in its special work, deserves a high degree of consideration. With extensive offices and laboratories in the German Insurance Building on Main street, the com- pany employs, in the various branches of its business, from twenty to twenty-five individuals, including twelve hands in the manufacturing department, five traveling represent- atives, and the chief executive officers; Dr. T. D. Phillips being President; Dr. T. S. Phillips, Secretary, and Geo. D. Briggs, Esq., Treasurer; gentlemen whose names in this community are associated with the highest professional skill and personal responsibility. The remedies before referred to as being manufactured by the James' Cough Pill Co., are known universally hroughout the United States as possessing an efficacy perhaps never before attained by any similar medicaments, and, without going into an elaborate description of their potential virtues, may briefly name them as follows: James' Cough Pills; James' Anti-Dispeptic or Liver Pills; James' Cathartic or Purifying Pills; James' Tonic and Laxative Pills; all remedies compounded solely of vegetable sub- stances, endorsed by the first scientific authorities, and verified in thousands of cases as entirely adequate in every malady for which they are prescribed. We cannot evince surprise under the circumstances therefore, that the com- pany enjoys an annually increasing success and that esteem at the hands of the community generally, to which it is undoubtedly entitled. Contingent upon its legimate work the company also publishes monthly an illustrated journal, entitled " James' Sunshine for Children," a charming and brilliant twenty- four page quarto, which has attained a popularity securing for it a wide and increasing circulation. MOFFAT BROTHERS, Tanners and Manufacturers of Uppers, Kip and Calf Skins, Linings and Colored Roans; Office, 70 Exchange Street. For many years Buffalo has been known throughout the United States as a location for the manufacture of leather, and the fact has been pretty successfully established by numerous competitive examinations and a long experience, that the leather produced in this section is superior to that manufactured at any other point in this country. Numer- ous firms and private individuals are engaged here in this branch of trade, involving an aggregate capital of many millions of dollars, and promoting the general industries by the employment of thousands of operatives. Among the more extensive houses engaged in the manu- facture of and as dealers in leather, we note the house of Moffat Brothers, composed of James and Henry C. Moffat, which was established in 1867. having since become widely, as well as favorably, known in the trade. Though originally founded upon a limited scMe, the resources of the firm have gradually increased, affording facilities at the present time for the transaction of a trade which extends to all the East- ern cities, as far West as California, north through Canada, and averages sales to the amount of about two hundred thousand dollars annually. Two plants are owned and operated by the firm, one of which is located in this city and the other at Alden, in this county and on the Erie road; the former is situated on Exchange near Hydraulic street running through to Car- roll street, and having a frontage of eignty-eight feet at each end. This establishment is employed as a tannery for sheep-skins, and in this department of the work are engaged from twenty-five to thirty hands; it is ranked as the second largest of its kind in Western New York, and is thoroughly equipped throughout for the successful prosecution of the business. At Alden the plant Is still more extensive, occupying in all about three acres, half of which is covered with the tannery buildings and the dwellings of the operatives. This plant is devoted exclusively to the manufacture of fine calf uppers, and is recorded as being the largest of its kind in Western New York. Forty employees are engaged here, and the mechanical appliances, which are very complete, are ope- rated by a 50-horse power steam engine and a battery of two boilers. The store, sales-room, offices, etc., where the commercial part of the business is -carried on, are located at No. 70 Exchange street, occupying one floor of the building twenty- five by one hundred feet in dimensions. In every respect it would be difficult to find a firm either better equipped or with more comprehensive facilities for the transaction of a large trade and the production of a superior class of goods. Natives of Buffalo, both members of the firm have acquired a thorough knowledge of the minutest details of the business, and are prepared to compete in every way with their cotemporaries here or elsewhere. CHARLES ROESSLER, Manufacturer of Carriages and Wagons, 170 and 172 Court Street. The enterprise of Charles Roessler, in the manufacture of carriages and wagons, has been conducted with such sober industry and perseverance as to have led to the estab^ lishment of extensive works, lately erected on Court street. These premises consist of two substantial buildings, near the corner of Court street and the Terrace, and confronting each. The main structure is on the former, occupies fifty by fifty feet, and is two stories high; the other building faces the Terrace, is also two stories high, and occupies an area of twenty-five by thirty-five feet. These building; are substantially constructed of brick, are well fitted throughout for the business and supplied with every requis- ite for all work in the line of carriage and wagon manufac- ture and repairs. When Mr. Roes .er established his business in 1873, his capital was small, and his resources consequently limited. Being a practical mechanic, however, and perfectly familiar with his wcrk in every department, he made it his object to excel, and the superiority of his work became so well known as to lead to a trade which has gradually increased from five thousand dollars annually to eight thousand dollars in 1879, with every expectation of making it ten thousand dollars during the current year. All the work required in the con- struction of Spring Wagons, Buggies, Carriages and all kinds of vehicles to order, is performed here, including the blacksmithing, wood-work, painting, trimming and var- nishing. Mr. Roessier is a native of Germany, where he was born in 1851, but has been in this country and city since 1866. As before stated, he is an excellent practical mechanic, having learnt his trade in all its branches, he takes a proper pride in his vocation, labors assiduously, and only asks an oppor- tunity to compete with other manufacturers to show that he can offer advantages in all respects equal to any, either in style, quality or price. Parties coming to Buffalo for the purchase of vehicles of any kind, should note these facts and give Mr. Roessler the chance of demonstrating that his reputation for producing a superior class of work is emphat- ically deserved. BICKFORD & CURTISS, Manufacturers of Belt & Hose, and Dealers in Lace Leather, Etc, 53 and 55 Exchange Street. Since 1866 the house of Bickford & Curtiss, which was established at that time, has continued to increase its influ- ence and usefulness, until at present the firm takes equal rank with any of its cotemporaries in the State. Engaged largely in the manufacture of Leather Belting and Hose, the house carries an average stock of from twenty- five to thirty thousand dollars, and transacts an annual business of about one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. The premises of the firm, located at Nos. 53 and 55 Exchange street, are extensive, and comprise one roomy structure, having five stories and occupying an area of thirty-three by one hundred feet. Besides the manufacture of Hose and Belting of all kinds, the firm has lately added a new department to the business, and is now engaged in making leather fly-nets, which will shortly increase the number of hands employed from twenty to twenty-five, to from fifty to sixty. In the prosecution of the business, the house employs three traveling representatives, and operates improved machinery, possessed by no other concern, for making points in laps of belts. In the development of the trade, a large business has been secured throughout the United States and Canadas, considerable consignments being made to European ports. While Mr. R. H. Bickford, the seniormember of the firm, has been a resident of this city for thirteen years, Mr. Fred B. Curtiss is a native Buffalonian, and both partners are too 128 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. well known in this community to demand personal mention. As manufacturers of Belting, from pure oak-tanned leather, and dealers in Lace Leather, Rivets, etc., the firm is in a position to afford buyers special inducements. The belt made by the Company, having a patent lap, which insures durability, strength and freedom from breakage, makes it, all things considered, the best, as well as the cheapest, kind of these goods in the market, while the acknowledged superiority of Buffalo leather, affords another reason for the popularity enjoyed by the manufactures of Messrs. Bickford & Curtiss. BUFFALO CHAIR WORKS, Edwin Sikes & Co., Proprietors, Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in Cane Seat and Wood Chairs, 500 Clinton St. From a careful perusal of the editorial mention made con- cerning the many manufacturing and commercial houses, whose history and facilities are depicted, in a measure, in the preceding and following pages of this volume, it may be remarked that few have had an existence of over twenty years, as is the case with the Buffalo Chair Works, and con- sequently are not so closely allied to, and illustrative of, the growth, development and greatness of this city, as com- pared with this status two decades ago. On a part of the site where now stand these extensive works, was begun the manufacture of Wood and Cane-seat Chairs, by Mr. S. D. Sikes, in 1859, who, the following year, was joined by his brother, the present head of the house, and the firm became S. D. Sikes & Brother, which continued so till 1874, when the demise of Mr. S. D. Sikes made a change in the firm style, the business being continued by Mr. Edwin Sikes, and the relict of the deceased partner. From a small beginning in those days, the business has developed year by year, and the original works been built over and around till the first building has sunk in insignifi- cance in comparison to the present plant, which has a front- age on Clinton street of two hundred and ten feet, running one block back to Bristol street, nearly the entire area being covered by a two-story building, fitted up with every kind of improved machinery known in this branch of business for the accurate and swift production of about sixty differ- ent styles in cane-seat and wood chairs; manufacturing, also, chairs with the patent Gardner seat, the Harwood immita- tion of leather seat, and patent revolving office and library chairs with poising spring. Here about one hundred hands find employment inside the building and on piece- work outside, their products, of late years, being entirely absorbed by the country within a radius of one hundred miles of this city. Natives of Connecticut, and residents of Massachusetts for a number of years before coming to this city, the Messrs. Sikes were the originators of the chair manufacturing busi- ness in Buffalo, and established an enterprise which, since i860, has been a prominent one in the city's industries, and acquired a reputation for substantial workmanship, neatness of design and fine finish in chair manufacturing not excelled at any other point in the country. BUFFALO ICE COMPANY, A. J. Briggs and J. L. Moore, Proprietors; No. 289 Main Street. The trade done in Ice, and the many interests involved in the business, engages a large amount of capital and labor, and exerts such an influence upon the industries of the community as to demand more than casual mention in a work devoted to an expose of the business pursuits of this city. The Buffalo Ice Company is by far the largest of the kind we have in Buffalo, or between New York and Chicago, and the operations of the concern are of such magnitude as to form one of the most prominent of our city's enterprises, comprising indeed all of two-thirds of the entire ice traffic done here. The Company's ice houses are of great capacity, aggre- gating over fifty thousand tons, and are five in number, one located on Fanner's Point, one on Slip No. 2, and another on Slip No. 3, at the foot of Genesee street; the fourth on Blackwell Canal, and the fifth at Barrie, on Lake Simcoe, in Canada; the latter having been erected during the past Winter in order to procure the adequate supply of first-class Ice, of which thousands of tons have been brought from the same locality to this city to fill up their houses here. In harvesting this crystal commodity no expense is spared to obtain the best to be found, and during ordinary Winters the canal is often cut for one or two miles for floating ice to their elevator at a greater expense rather than store away such ice as may be had more conveniently to the houses. In this branch of the business — cutting, hauling and storing — large corps of men are engaged, and all the latest appliances and power brought in use to expedite and facilitate the operations. Among these improvements over the old, slow and expen- sive modes of handling are six elevators for hoisting, each capable of raising one thousand tons per diem, to operate which four steam engines, varying from eight to 40-horse power in strength,are used; the elevators being of the endless chain design, and in every respect the most complete known for the business. For the thirteen years that this company has been engaged in this business, they have each year enlarged and extended their connections and operations until now the trade they do embraces nearly seventy-five per cent, of that done by all other companies and dealers in this city, constantly requir- ing during the Summer season, fourteen or fifteen wagons in delivering and filling their numerous contracts. The fiscal year of the Company commences on the first of April, when prices are fixed and contracts made for the season. The delivery wagons are out all the year round, and regular customers supplied daily (Sunday excepted) during the warm season, and three times a week during the Winter months. Both a wholesale and retail business is done, special rates being given on large quantities, and all orders — either for large or small lots — are promptly filled; and every facility is given to purchasers who may forward their orders either by the Bell or Edison Tele- phones, with the circuits of which their offices are con- nected. Having lately removed their office to No. 289 Main street, and engaged the entire spacious store-room, Messrs. Briggs & Moore have added to their business a full line of ice tools and ice-working appliances, Refrigerators, Water Coolers, and everything connected with the Ice trade or its uses, where ice companies and dealers as well can always be sup- plied with any article in any way related to the handling of ice, or that can be classed in the catalogue of utensils for the preservation of those goods where ice is an important factor. At these new quarters of the company, which are cen- trally and conveniently located, the offices and store are fitted up with great taste and kept in a perfect manner, where our citizens, either gentlemen or ladies, as well as those visiting our city, may leave their orders or select from the wares there for sale without the loss of a moments time, and with the greatest assurance of entire satisfaction, as the business of the house is so conducted as to give the greatest gratification to its patrons, who will always find the business policy of the Buffalo Ice Company of a character both lib- eral and reliable, and consistent with the high standing of its respective members. NOYES & SAWYER, Dealers in Rough and Dressed Lumber, &c, Gan- son Street and Blackwell Canal. It is very easy to see by glancing at the resources of Buffalo that the facilities of this city for the transporta- tion of freight, are certainly equal if not decidedly superior to any city in the United States, and as far as the lumber trade is concerned, is'a point with unexampled advantages. Built on a prominent site on Lake Erie, it is not only the point that commands the water freightage of both Lakes Erie and Ontario, but becomes the depot for transportation from Canada and the Northwestern States, the great lumber dis- tricts of North America. With these advantages it is not surprising that Buffalo should enjoy an extensive- trade in that particular branch of merchandise. Established in this business for upwards of twenty-five years, Mr. Noyes the senior partner in the above firm, found his business enlarging to that extent that in the early part of the preceding year he associated with himself in business, Mr. George P. Sawyer, the house now being known under the style of Noyes & Sawyer. Situated at Ganson street and Blackwell canal we find the spacious yards of these gentlemen, covering respectively areas of 367x425 feet and 240x400 feet with all the necessary appliances and conveniences of covering sheds, &c, for the preservation of Lumber, a full line of which, both rough and dressed, is constantly kept on hand. As may be supposed, from a gentleman of Mr. Noyes' comprehensive experience in this business, the trade enjoyed by the firm is an extensive one, reaching in fact to all points attainable by lake, canal and railway. The shipping docks of Messrs. Noyes & Sawyer are situ- ated near the mouth of the harbor, and being below all bridges, have an ample depth of water, giving accommoda- tion for the largest vessels. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 129 Canal freights from Buffalo being always as low as from Tonawanda, and lake freights to Buffalo from Michigan and Canadian ports, generally lower, the superiority of the former place as a forwarding point is obvious. Lately erecting a fine new office contiguous to their docks, the financial department of the business is under the man- agement of Mr. G. P. Sawyer. Both natives of this State, and gentlemen well-known in Buffalo for their enterprise and general business qualifica- tions, it is not surprising that this firm should have risen to the important standing it has attained in this community, and from the unlimited knowledge of the trade possessed by the senior partner, and the equally efficient business capa- bility of Mr. G. P. Sawyer, combined with their large facil- ities, prompt and liberal policy, a steady continuation of its success is not only justly deserved, but may confidently be depended upon. See advertisement elsewhere. FORBUSH & BROWN, Wholesale Boot and Shoe Manufacturers, 103- 105 Main Street. The growth which has attended the career of the house of Forbush & Brown is illustrative, in no small degree, of that general development which has characterized the com- merce and trade of Buffalo during the past two or three decades. This house was established in 1853, upon a very limited basis, by J. C. Forbush and N. Brown, the present members of the firm, who commenced business as Boot and Shoe dealers, gradually emerging into an extensive manufactur- ing trade, requiring the employment of over one hundred operatives, and involving a transaction of over two hundred thousand dollars annually. The premises of the firm, at the present time, are located at Nos. 103 and 105 Main street, and comprise three floors of the building, having an area of forty feet front by one hundred feet deep, carefully fitted up and furnished for the prosecution of the business in all its branches. Here is carried on, upon an extensive scale, the manufacture of hand-made goods, especially adapted to the custom trade; and with special reference to rapidity and convenience, the establishment is divided into several departments, compris- ing that for the cutting of upper leather, the cutting of sole leather, the crimping, bottoming, treeing, stitching, finish- ing, packing, etc. All these operations are conducted with the greatest skill and dexterity by competent workers, super- intended by the individual members of the firm, whose ex- perience in this and in the selection of stock, has given a reputation to the goods manufactured which cannot be sur- passed. Five traveling salesmen represent the interests of the house throughout all the Western States, and in its own pecu- liar branch of business the firm occupies a position in this city, and compared with its cotemporaries, that ranks it as first-class in all respects. In charge of the books and clerical department, we find Mr. George Woehnert, a gentleman whose efficiency in his vocation has entitled him to special commendation. Connected for so long a period with the industries of this city, and promoting the same to so large a degree, and at the same time, occupying a place in the commercial world which entitles it to success and respect, we feel it no more than right to remark in conclusion that no one having rela- tions with the house of Forbush & Brown can fail to accord it that consideration which is always attendant upon the maintenance of an upright and liberal policy. C. PLUMB, Manufacturing Electrician, 100 Niagara Street. A few years ago such a business as that carried on by Mr. Plumb was almost unknown in this or any other country. The introduction of Electricity, however, has called up many contingent enterprises, involving much experience and a large amount of capital. To meet the requirements of Buffalo and its surroundings, Mr. Plumb started, four years ago, as a Manufacturing Electrician and builder of Telegraph and Telephone Lines, as well as Hotel and House Annuncia- tors and Electric Call Bells, and has met with marked en- couragement. _ It affords us pleasure then to mention briefly some facts which may not be unprofitable to our readers. Ten years ago, Mr. Plumb came to this country from England, where he had been trained as a practical engineer, under Mr. Varley, the eminent electrician, also under John J. Griffin & Son, chemical instrument manufacturers of Lon- don. After such an apprenticeship, it need surprise no one that he came here with a perfect knowledge of his business, a knowledge which has proved of the utmost value to him. He is now prepared to supply Electric Call Bells, and Hotel and House Annunciators, the advantages of which, over the old system of wire bells is too obvious to call for the slightest remark at our hands. Any establishment can be fitted up with ease, at a less cost than the old-fashioned ap- pliance just mentioned, and entirely abolish all risk from rusting, wire or spring breaking, or repairing. A battery will last from six months to two years, according to use, and at the end of that time can be re-adjusted at an exceedingly moderate outlay. A Patent Hotel Annunciator has been placed upon the market by Mr. Plumb and is unquestiona- bly the best article of the kind extant. In addition to this business, repairs of all kinds are made upon Electric, Galvanic and Cautery instruments. Elec- trodes for medical treatment furnished, private Telegraph lines erected, and indeed, everything made and repaired in connection with Electric appliances that is known in the profession, as well as Physicians' Batteries for Electro-Phy- sico treatment. But perhaps the most intricate part of his business, is the manufacture of instruments of all kinds used in the study of Natural Philosophy. In these, exactitude is of the utmost importance, and is, indeed, indispensible; but so well does Mr. Plumb know his business, that Prof. Dore- mus, of New York, had a large number of his instruments made and repaired by him, which is good proof of the con- fidence that can be placed in the work done here. Buffalonians can readily test the accuracy of our state- ments about Hotel Annunciators, etc., by calling at the Broezel House, where these have been put in; and reference may also be had of nearly all the telegraph iines and rail- road companies in this section, regarding the class of work furnished. The private residence of W. H. Glenny Esq. was fitted with these, and reference to him as to the working of them can be had at any time. As this is the only place of the kind in Buffalo, and the only one between New York City and Chicago, our readers should note the address as at 100 Niagara street, and when requiring any instrument, such as we have mentioned, or any work done in the branch of electricity, should not fail to communicate with Mr. Plumb. GARRETT HOUSE, Manufacturer of Church Organs, 122 Clinton Street. The establishment of Mr. Garrett House is the prin- cipal one in the city, which is exclusively devoted to the manufacture of Church Organs of every description, from the most elaborate and expensive to the smaller Chapel and Hall Organs. Of recent years there has been an increasing demand by small Churches, Chapels, Lodge Rooms, and also by Organ Teachers and Students, for an instrument, that, while capable of producing the grand and beautiful effects of a large Church Organ, at the same time occupies less space, is less complicated and not too expensive, so that it may come within moderate means. Such an instrument Mr. House has succeeded in producing and is now building, which in its capabilities, for either power or delicacy, far exceeds anything ever before offered to the musical public at the same price. It is built of the same quality of material and workmanship and the same principles of con- struction as are used in the largest Organs, and the dimen- sions are such that it can be set up in any ordinary sized parlor, which is an inestimable advantage to Teacher and Student, as it entirely does away with the inconvenience of visiting a Church for instruction or practice. It also possesses many other important advantages, which will be fully demonstrated by a visit to the manufactory of Mr. House at 122 Clinton street. Instruments of all sizes and compass and combinations of stops, and varying in prices from five hundred to five thousand dollars, can here be ob- tained; the workmanship and materials of which are guar- anteed of the highest class of skill and best quality. Mr. House came to Buffalo, from Ithaca, in June, 1845, and for fourteen years afterwards he devoted his attention to manufacturing Pianos and Organs, but since that time his business has been exclusively connected with Church Organs, in the construction of which he has earned for himself a high and well deserved reputation; his business connection extending throughout New York State to Penn- sylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, and other Western States and Territories, and for Churches, &c, through the cities and towns of these states has built some of the finest Organs in the country. The business premises consist of three stories, fronting Clinton and Elm streets, of one hundred and ten feet in length, and are fitted up with every modern appliance for 13° BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. turning out first-class work with dispatch and promptitute; steam power being supplied by a boiler and engines on the premises to work the machinery and facilitate the interests of the concern generally. It is acknowledged by all who ever had transactions with Mr. House, and the profession in general, that he thoroughly understands the Organ building business. He has from time to time made many improvements himself, and still keeps up with the times in all the new novelties or inven- tions of the day, which his lengthened experience and practical knowledge of the business knows how to utilize and apply, perhaps better than any of his competitors in the building of Organs; his name being sufficient guarantee for the quality and character of the instrument. A perusal of the catalogue published by Mr. House will convince any one of this fact, and will also prove to the musical public that Mr. House's establishment is one which it would be for their interest to patronize. SNIGGS & STICKNEY, Produce and Commission; Wholesale Dealers in Green and Dried Fruits, Butter and Eggs. No. 163 Scott Street. In referring to the Commission Dusiness transacteo. in Buffalo, we have particular occasion to note the house of Sniggs & Stickney, as being more than usually prominent for the enterprise and energy with which its operations are conducted. ^BUFFALO- Established, in 1874, with a comparatively small capital, by Robert F. Sniggs, the business was soon placed upon a substantial footing, and a trade rapidly enlarging, led to the admission of E. W. Stickney, in 1876, and resulted in the present title. Dealing largely in farm produce of all kinds: green and dried fruits, and especially in eggs and choice but- ter, the business is conducted both upon a commission and a direct wholesale basis; advances made on consignments, and every facility offered for quick sales and prompt re- turns. In addition to this branch of the business, which is conducted under the personal supervision of Mr. Sniggs, in Buffalo, the house carries on three extensive establishments in the oil regions, as branches, in wholesale and retail gro- ceries; this department of the trade having come under the management, mainly, of Mr. Stickney. While the trade of the Buffalo house is principally local, supplies are drawn from all available points in this and the adjacent states, and wherever it has effected relations, the house has established a reputation for prompt and upright dealing. _ The accompanying illustration saves a detailed descrip- tion of the house, which, however, it may be stated, is not only admirably situated, but sufficiently commodious for all requirements. Personally speaking, Mr. Sniggs is a native of New York, and having been a resident of Buffalo for many years, is thoroughly alive to the commercial interests of the commu- nity. Mr. Stickney is originally from Canada, and was engaged, for many years, in the flour and feed business prior to his association with Mr. Sniggs. Both, individually and as a firm, are fully entitled to the confidence and esteem which they have inspired. BLACKLOCK & DeGLOPPER, Carriage and Sleigh Factory, 1242 and 1244 Nia- gara Street. The premises occupied by Blacklock & DeGlopper, at 1242 and 1244 Niagara street, have been recognized as a Carriage and Sleigh Factory for many years. They were formerly occupied by Stephen Smith, who was succeeded by the present firm in 1871. At that time they had but a limited capital, but, by steady application to business and turning out the very best class of work, they soon began to get a gradual but most satisfactory increase in this respect, and sufficient for all the requirements of their extended trade. The members of the firm are Thomas Blacklock, who was born in Canada in 1840, and came here in 1849, and Peter DeGlopper, who claims Holland as his native country, hav- ing been born there in 1847. They entered into co-partner- ship and began business at their present location in 1871, as manufacturers of Carriages, Wagons and Sleighs; their trade for the former being chiefly confined to the city, while for the latter they have a great demand and do an extensive business in the season, throughout New York and adjoining states. This firm has a widely known and well deserved reputation for the superior quality of their Sleigh Wood Work, the lumber for which they select and make up them- selves. They devote the greatest care and give special attention to this branch of their business, having always a large stock on hand for trade purposes. Their premises consist of three buildings, which are di- vided into as many separate departments, namely: the Blacksmith shop, the Wood shop and the Paint shop. All the work done is under the direct superintendence of the principals, and, as they employ only the most skillful work- men, nothing but first-class work is turned out from this establishment. All orders are executed with promptness, and every branch of the business receives the special per- sonal attention of the proprietors of the well-known Fron- tier Sleigh Factory. J. L. CHICHESTER, Blank Book Manufacturer and Book Binder, 263 and 265 Washington Street. Since the introduction of steam, a class of machinery has been invented to utilize the power that has been given to us, in a manner that for precision and perfection in the work produced, and in the rapidity with which it is accomplished, would seem an actual miracle to those skilled mechanics, who, some years ago, vainly endeavored to produce the same results by manual labor. This applies to many kinds of trades, professions and arts, and among others, those engaged in furnishing reading matter for the public, or sup- plying books for the accountant or the merchant, have not been slow in taking advantage of this mode of improving upon the old stereotyped working plans, which were handed down for ages as copyrights. The printer, the book binder and the blank book manufacturer, can now accomplish won- derful things by the aid of this steam power, and turn out with the properly adjusted machinery, work, which, forper- fection in details and finish, would be utterly unapproacha- ble by the old system. One of the largest establishments in the city, in the Blank Book Manufacturing and Book Binding business, that is carefully conducted with every modern appliance in the way of machinery and otherwise, is that of Mr. J. L. Chi- chester, who has been in the business for many years. He is a native of Connecticut, but for the last thirty-three years has been a resident of Buffalo, and for twenty-two years of that time, namely, since 1858, he has been occupied in his present branch of business, Book Binding and manu- facturing Blank Books. During his business career he has progressed with the times, taking advantage of ever)' im- provement that his experience would suggest as being con- ducive to the turning out of first-class work. At the present time he occupies a large floor at 263 and 265 Washington street, employing from fifteen to twenty hands, as the exi- gencies of trade may require. The premises are fitted up with all the latest improved machinery, in Binding, Ruling, Paging and Blank Book manufacturing generally; and the business is done with a precision and promptitude that has characterized Mr. Chichester throughout his career ever since he has been in the city. All the work done in every BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 131 ■department is first-class, and as it is turned out under the personal supervision of the proprietor, nothing leaves the establishment but what will bear the strictest inspection; the consequence is, Mr. Chichester has a first-class trade and extensive connection, and is highly esteemed by all with whom he has business associations. Possessing, as he does, a full equipment in ruling machines and other per- fected machinery pertaining to the rapid and accurate pro- duction of blank books of the most extensive kind, for the use of Banks and Bankers, Insurance companies and agents. Railroad and Transportation companies, and commercial houses and manufacturers of every description, those inter- ested will find that the facilities of Mr. Chichester will con- duce to their interest in consulting his house for their needs in this direction. N. LYMAN'S SONS, Type Founders, Electrotypers, Etc., 36 West Sen- eca Street. Perhaps no enterprise in Buffalo is so little known to the general reader as that carried on by N. Lyman's Sons, at the above address, and to which we must devote some space, both on account of its indispensible nature and of its abso- lute usefulness. It was in 1835 that the late N. Lyman first established in Buffalo as a type founder, and down to his death, in Jan- uary, 1874, continued to carry on what has proved to be one of the most useful and necessary enterprises in Buffalo. The establishment, which we are now about to describe, is located at No. 36 West Seneca street, and consists of four stories with finished basement, covering an area of twenty- five by seventy feet. The first floor is used for office, ware- room, etc., and is excellently adapted for the requirements of the trade. On the second floor the electrotyping is carried on, and the third and fourth floors are devoted to the founding of type, from the making of the dies to the finishing of the type ready for the printers. The foundry is, perhaps, the largest in the country west of New York City, and it may be safely asserted that at no foundry in the country are there more diversified styles of type manufactured. In illustration of the truth of this assertion, we would refer our readers to the catalogue pub- lished by the house, and which, while it occupies two hun- dred pages of a large quarto volume, does not contain over half of the styles of type manufactured here. In addition to carrying on the business of type founders and electrotypers, Messrs. Lyman act as factors for all kinds of Printing Presses and Machinery, and, in short, handle every conceivable article which enters into the printers' business, except paper and ink. It would take up too much of our space to minutely describe here how type is made, but after having examined the establishment, it affords us pleasure to say that a better appointed or more systematically arranged foundry for type making, storing and shipping could not be desired. Of the individual members of the firm, viz, W. E., C. Burke and Peter S. Lyman, we are privileged to say that they are all natives of New York City, have been bred to the business, are practical men, and were admitted as partners to the house, by their late father N. Lyman, about fifteen years ago, and whom they succeeded six years ago. Of the late Mr. Lyman we could not speak too highly, as he was a man greatly esteemed by this community, as the possessor of many sterling qualities, but we wish to put on record one fact regarding him, which is that he was the first man who ever cast a type in the city of New York, and the first type founder in the city of Buffalo. The firm finds employment for thirty hands; and does its own share towards promoting the industrial thrift and wel- fare of this community. In their business policy they are prompt, decisive and reliable, and it is without fear of contradiction that we say to those of our readers engaged in the printing business, that business relations entered into with this house will be found pleasant, profitable and permanent. BUFFALO PAPER BOX CO., 66 and 68 Terrace. Under this title Messrs. Knobeloch & Kreinheder carry on the business of manufacturing Paper Boxes in this city, and the enterprise is such an unique one and involves so much more than the uninitiated can conceive, that it is worthy of notice in any work which endeavors to portray the varied manufactures carried on in Buffalo. The premises, in which the Company carries on its work, are located on the Terrace, occupying four floors and cover- ing an area of 30x125 feet. Employment for one hundred hands on an average, is found here, and the out-put reaches the enormous proportions of two million boxes annuplly, and a regular stock is carried of some thirty thousand boxes. The specialties of the house consist of Druggists' Boxes, Patent Medicine, Jewelers' and Pill Boxes, besides the Patent Lock Boxes, suitable for confections, crackers, dry goods and ice cream. In addition, however, to these, boxes of almost any size that can be made of paper are manufac- tured to order, and the firm is prepared to estimate for doing any work that may be properly classed under the caption of paper boxes. Speaking more particularly in regard to the Patent Lock Box, we have examined it carefully, and un- doubtedly the lock is the strongest paper lock known to the trade. When shipped, the boxes are quite flat, occupying the space only of apiece of card board; they can be instantly opened, made square and are suitable for carrying gloves, crackers, confectionery, or, indeed, any light materials which may be placed within. The individual partners are F. Knobeloch and H.J. Krein- heder. The former acquired a thorough knowledge of cloth manufacturing in Germany, (of which country he is a native) but here has turned his attention to the business in which he is now engaged, and the more practical part of the work devolves upon him. A native of Buffalo, Mr. Krein- heder, on the other hand, gives his attention to the clerical and financial department of the house, and became fitted for occupying such a position, which, ably conducted, is of inestimable value to any house, in a large manufacturing house in this city, when, after an experience as cashier, extending over nine years, he embarked with his partner in this present venture. The venture has proved successful in a very marked degree, so much so, indeed, that, with the exception of firms in New York City and Chicago, no other house finds employment for so many people. In conclusion we must mention that in inventive ability the firm is not lacking, for they have patented a machine for making pill boxes, and these boxes compete successfully with those of European manufacture, which heretofore have almost had exclusive sway in the trade in this country. On account of the superiority of the out-put and of the manner in which their business is conducted, this firm is deserving of high commendation, and our readers in and around Buffalo, should not overlook the fact that at home we have an enter- prise worthy of patronage, and a house engaged in Paper Box manufacturing, which can at all times extend equal, if not superior advantages, with their more distant contempo- raries. E. G. MARVIN, Dealer in Asbestos Goods, No. 86 Main Street. Omitting nothing that contributes to a disclosure of the advantages of Buffalo as a point for manufactures and a market for every commodity, we are not at liberty to over- look the enterprise of E. G. Marvin, who, as a dealer in Asbestos Goods, occupies the field without a competitor. Established here in this business since 1873, as sole agent for the W. H. John's Manufacturing Company, of New York, Mr. Marvin has had no little to do with introducing to the public those invaluable products manufactured from Asbestos, which have sprung into such deserved prominence during the past decade. The qualities of Asbestos are well known as being peculiar to this material alone indestructible by fire and equally so by acids, it forms the basis of all the products of the Com- pany, and is on this account superior to any material known for steam packings, fire-proof paints, roofing, cement felting, retort cement, roof paint and other goods of like character. The advantages possessed by the Asbestos Paints have been fully established by the decision of the highest authorities. United States Engineers have concurred in advising their use upon the public buildings and the vessels of the Gov- ernment. In the catalogue issued by the Company, there are sev- eral hundred endorsements, embracing the most prominent corporations, firms, private individuals and Government officers in the United States, attesting beyond the possibility of a doubt the valuable intrinsic merits of the Asbestos goods manufactured by the Company. The non-conducting properties of this wonderful mater- ial make it of the highest utility when applied as Asbestos cement felting to the covering of hot-blast pipes and vessels for containing or conveying superheated steam. Incombus- tible and indestructible, it forms an impenetrable barrier to to caloric, and when properly prepared is equally impervious to water. On these accounts the Asbestos roofing is unique, and while combining with the architecture of the building to sustain a handsome appearance, affords a perfect protec- tion against water, besides being absolutely air tight. The addition of a white fire-proof coating, which is furnished by the Company without extra charge, affords the coolest 132 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. house covering of anything extant, and for these reasons it is particularly adapted for hot climates and cottage-roofed houses, steep or flat. Besides having the exclusive agency for the goods manu- factured by the W. H. John's manufactory, which is the only organization in the world manufacturing in Asbestos, Mr. Marvin also transacts a considerable trade in Asphal- tum. Roofing Brushes, Roofing Nails, Hair Felt, Rosin Sized Sheating, Black Asphaltum, Varnish and other goods of like character. Mr. Marvin is a native Buffalonian; he has spent his life in this community, where he is highly regarded for the prompt, enterprising and reliable manner in which his deal- ings with the public have been characterized. Prosecuting a trade, which extends through Western New York, Western Pennsylvania, Michigan, Ohio and Canada, Mr. Marvin has done no little to enhance the industrial thrift of this city, and is fully entitled to the success which he has achieved on behalf of the W. H. John's Manufac- turing Company and himself. ROBERT DUNBAR & SON, Proprietors Eagle Iron Works, Corner Perry and Mississippi Streets. One of the most complete establishments of the kind in Western New York for turning out fine classed work in the iron line, fitted up with modern appliances, and supplied with lathes, machinery and tools peculiarly constructed and adapted to the work on hand, is the Eagle Iron Works, of which Messrs. Robert Dunbar & Son are the proprietors. The business was established in 1853, by a stock company, of which the present senior partner of the firm was a mem- ber, in which he continued as an active worker for seven years. In i860, however, he succeeded to the entire busi- ness, and at once concentrated his energies in making ad- ditions and alterations on the premises, which were necessi- tated by the advancement of the times, and employing such power and machinery as were consistent with modern inven- tions. The main building consists, at the present time, of a five- story brick structure, and stands on a lot of which one hundred and ninety-five feet fronts on Perry street and one hundred and eighty-six feet on Mississippi street. It is divided into several departments, consisting of Foundry, Pattern Shop, Blacksmith Shop, Machine Shops, etc.. one of the latter being located on the third floor, and particularly reserved for turning out special work, for which the firm is noted. The senior partner of the firm is a native of Scotland, but has been nearly all his lifetime in Buffalo, where, for many years, he has devoted his attention to mechanics, for which he has always evinced a special aptitude. From time to time the buildings have been extended, and the stock and working plant increased, until now the esti- mated output of the works is about two hundred thousand dollars per annum; one of the most extensive enterprises of the kind in Buffalo, the foundry being the largest without any exception. An engine of 125-hctt-se power, with boiler, supplies power to the machinery, which is all of heavy cali- bre, the large lathes turning eleven feet on boring mill. These, with the tools employed, are all made after their own special designs, and are particularly adapted to the class of work manufactured by them, which consists of Steam Engines and Mill Machinery, Patent Steam Shovels, for shoveling grain in vessels and propellers to leg of elevator, Shafting, Hangers, Pulleys and Gearing in great variety,' and the largest and most complete set of Grain Elevator Patterns in the country, they having designed and erected, with one or two exceptions, all the elevators in the city of Buffalo; Hoisting Machines and Gearing for Heavy Der- ricks; Hammers and Gearing for Pile Drivers; Corn Crack- ers, Conveyors, etc., with a large list of General Machinery' Patterns, and are also general agents for the celebrated Fris- bie Friction Clutch and Pulleys. Steam Engines of all sizes and Boijers are specialties with this firm, aiid the specially Rapid Tri-Cylinder Stationary Engine, which is manufac- tured by the Messrs. Dunbar & Son, has been recently brought prominently before the mechanical world, as one that has been quite unprecedented before in the history of mechanism. The members of the firm, Robert and George H. Dunbar, make it a point of employing only the most skillful and reliable workmen, all practical mechanics, who turn out only the best kind of work, and finished in the finest style of perfection, the reputation of the works for which extends throughout every part of the Union. Everything connected with the Eagle Iron Works and the work turned out from the establishment, reflects the highest credit upon the proprietors for the ingenuity, skill and attention to details; and the executive ability displayed in successfully carrying on these large works, is a feature through which the manufacturing industries of Buffalo are greatly enhanced, and which has been largely instrumental in promoting not only the growth of this community, but in the building up of the city's name as a producing center for improved and reliable machinery. THE FARMERS' AND MECHANICS' NATIONAL BANK, No. 3 Spaulding's Exchange. This Bank is for many reasons one which we should re- gret to miss in giving brief historical sketches of the fidu- ciary institutions of Buffalo. Forty years ago the institution was founded in Batavia under the title of Farmers' & Mechanics' Bank of Genesee, and was conducted under the laws of the State of New York. In 1852 a special act of the Legislature was passed which sanctioned its removal to this city, E. G. Spaulding was elected President, and it continued to carry on business until 1864, when it was dissolved, and the Farmers' & Me- chanics' National Bank sprang into existence in its place. This Bank is, literally speaking, the Second National Bank of Buffalo, but desiring to retain the title under which it was founded, it was resolved to continue the original name Farmers' & Mechanics', (after the passage of the National Bank Act in 1864). The first President of the Bank was Hon. E. G. Spaulding, and Cornelius R. Ganson acted as Cashier. The first Board of Trustees was composed of Hon. E. G. Spaulding, Rufus L. King of Albany, John S. Ganson, William R. Gwinn and H. Pompelly, but upon the removal to this city Hon. E. G, Spaulding, Samuel F. Pratt, Edward Pierson, S. K. Worthington, Philip Dors- heimer and H. M. Kinney became the Trustees, with H. G. Noltonas Assistant Cashier. Messrs. Pratt and Dorsheimer died, Messrs. Kinney and Worthington retired, and the Bank was reorganized, when Messrs. H. G. Nolton, S. S. Spaulding and O. Presbery became Directors. In 1873 Mr. Nolton retired, and his place was taken by Mr. Edward R. Spaulding. By a report sent to the proper official of the Banking De- partment at Washington, on the 23d of April last, we find that the capital of the Bank is two hundred thousand dol- lars, the surplus fund amounts to one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, in addition to which there had accumu- lated undivided profits to the amount of $33,861.79. The total liabilities are $1,465,026.33, made up after deducting the sums already named, of Deposits, Demand Certificates of Deposit, and Cashier's outstanding checks, covering $866,278.15, besides United States Deposits, United States Disbursing Officers' Deposits, and the special account of the Secretary of the Treasury, amounting to $128,212.33, along with $41,674.06 standing at the credit of the other National Banks, State Banks and private bankers. Some idea may be gained of the influence of this bank in promoting the commercial welfare of this community, when we mention that the Loans and Discounts alone amount to $774,617.89. The character of the business carried on is of a purely legitimate banking nature, and the policy upon which it has been conducted, is amply shown by the state- ment of the affairs, which we have laid before our readers. The Correspondents of the Bank are New York, National Bank of Commerce, Merchants' National Bank and Central National Bank; Boston, First National Bank; Philadelphia, Farmers' & Mechanics' National Bank; Chicago, Fifth Na- tional Bank. The present officers are Hon. E. G. Spaulding, President; F. Sidway, Cashier; with S. S. and E. R. Spaulding as As- sistant Cashiers. These gentleman form the Board of Di- rectors, the second-named gentleman having been connected with the Bank since 1867, when he was Assistant Cashier, and assumed his present office in 1874. We do not think that our sketch of this Bank would be complete without giving some particulars regarding its President, the Hon. E. G. Spaulding, whose reputation as a financier is not only local, but national. Born in 1809 at Summer Hill, Cayuga Co., N. Y,, Mr. Spaulding came to this city in 1834, and has resided here ever since. During the nearly half century, which has elapsed, he has occu- pied not only numerous high positions of trust and respons- ibility in this community, but as a member of Congress and the Committee on Ways and Means during the most critical period of our history, rendered services that will perhaps never be fully appreciated. As the framer of the first legal tender enactments, which were defended by him with marked ability, Mr. Spaulding achieved a place in the an- nals of the time which entitles him to the respect of other nations and the greatest of his own. In the promotion of every great movement tending to ad- BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 133 vance the industrial prosperity of this community he has taken a vital interest, and has been the means of inaugurat- ing many valuable enterprises, and securing wise legislative reforms on matters pertaining to the commerce and trade of this city. Further details with reference to the history of Mr. Spaulding we shall be obliged to omit, the interested reader, however, will find such in Comley's History of the State of New York, and the History of the Legal Tender Paper Money, of which Mr. Spaulding himself is the au- thor. With such a head, the success and usefulness of the Bank was a foregone conclusion from the first and must be re- garded as being one of the most valuable institutions of the kind in Buffalo. EUREKA POISON FLY PLATE MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 16 West Swan Street. Outside of the line of ordinary industries, but none the less performing a work eminently desirable and useful, we find the Eureka PoisonFly Plate Manufacturing Company, an organization which was established March, 1879, by W. E. Hingston & Co., and duly incorporated November 22d, 1879; under the above title and with the following corps of officers: W. H. H. Mann. President; W. E. Hingston, Secretary, J. F. Dean, Treasurer, and W. M. Citerley, General mana- ger. Though founded, comparatively speaking, for so short a period, the Company has already established a collossal trade, which embraces one-half of the United States, neces- sitating the manufacture during the first year of its existence, from one hundred and thirty to one hundred and sixty thou- sand fly plates, while the present orders indicate that the production for 1880 will be three times as much. These plates have proved so advantageous in practical use; are so instantly efficacious in the extermination of insects, and so easily prepared for use, by simply pouring water into them, that they may be seriously regarded as the best, cheapest and most expeditious means of destroying flies and other winged torments, known. Another great advantage they possess over the ordinary papers, pastes and poisons, is, that the conformation of the plate is such no chiid can easily drink out of or upset it. Druggists, grocers and dealers in house furnishing goods all over the country should send in their orders before the season begins for these wonderful fly plates, which will be found more profitable to handle and more satisfactory to customers, lhan anything for the same purpose in the mar- ket or hitherto devised. The following first-class wholesale houses handle and keep these goods in stock for the season of 18S0, and will be pleased to fill all orders: F. R. Arnold & Co., Hall & Ruckel, W. H. Scheiffelin & Co., Wells & Elliott, Bruen & Hobart, R. W. Robinson & Son, John Carle & Son, D. M. Stiger & Co., Townsend & Plumer, Tarrant & Co.. and Patterson & Purdy, of New York; J. L. Thompson, Son & Co., Troy; D. H. Fonda, Albany; Corn- stock Bros., Utica; Moore & Hubbard, Syracuse; Hunt & Osborne, Auburn; Chambers, Calder & Co., Providence; Geo. K. Hopkins & Co., St. Louis; Van Schaack, Stevenson & Co., Lord, Stoutenburgh & Co., Fuller & Fuller, Chi- cago; Colburn, Birks & Co., Peoria; Swift & Dodds, Detroit; Walding, Kinnan & Co., Toledo; Strong, Cobb & Co., Benton, Meyers & Co., Cleveland; Fahenstock, Irwin & Rott, Pittsburgh; Smith, Kline & Co., Philadelphia: Pur- cell, Ladd & Co., Richmond, Va.; Noyes Bros. & Cutler; St. Paul; Reddington & Co., San Francisco; Boyd, Watson & Co., London, Out.; Elliott & Co., Lyman Bros., Toronto, Ont., Walter Woods, Hamilton, Ont.; Mann & Bass, Cen- tral City, Dakota; C. H. Ward & Co., DesMoines, Iowa, Farrand, Williams & Co., Detroit, Mich.; Gustin, Merrill 6c Co., Bay City, Mich.; Charles Meyer & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.; Vogler, Wagner & Co., Cincinnati, Ohio; Raynolds & Churchill, Burlington, Iowa; Geo. A. Kelley & Co., J. Henderson & Bros., Pittsburgh, Pa.; John Wanamaker, Philadelphia, Pa.; Sisson, Butler & Co., Hartford. HINGSTON & CO., Manufacturing Chemists — "Rataline" — 22 West Swan Street. We have had occasion to speak of Mr. W. E. Hingston, as the inventor of the Eureka Poison Fly Plate, and we have again to mention his name in connection with the above firm, which started business last year as Manufacturing Chemists, taking, as a specialty, to the manufacture of a poison for rats, known as " Rataline." There always has existed great trouble with the poisons used for killing these vermin, because, after eating, they retired to their holes and died. To obviate the danger and annoyance thus caused, Mr. Hingston determined to pro- duce an article which, while it would be equally efficacious, would so act upon vermin, that they would die out of in- stead of in their holes. In this he has been successful, and as an evidence of the truth of this assertion, we may men- tion that already about fifty thousand bottles of " Rataline" have been placed in the hands of the public throughout the United States and Canada. "Rataline" is flavored with oil of rodium to attract the vermin, which readily devour it and are destroyed within three minutes thereafter. The office of the firm is located at 22 West Swan street, and the manufacturing carried on at n West Seneca street, where seven employees are engaged in the work. Associated with Mr. Hingston is Mr. A. P. Roberts, and these gentlemen are the only members of the firm of Hing- ston & Co. Their product has received the recommenda- tion of Professor Ure, who has declared to the Royal Agri- cultural Society of England, that without exception " Rata- line" is the best Rat Poison known. There is no questioning the fact that this article will prove an inestimable boon to the public, to whom it is offered for twenty-five cents per bottle, and the contents of which, it is claimed, will kill two hundred and fifty rats. In this country alone it was ascertained that in 1878, nearly four million dollars worth of grain was destroyed by rats, and any article which will aid in reducing this loss, and at the same time avoid the danger before referred to, ought to find a ready market. We would, therefore, recommend our readers to communicate with Messrs. Hingston & Co. direct, if they cannot find this article on sale at the drug store, in their neighborhood, Mr. Hingston's inventions are not confined to poisons alone. He has invented a paddle-wheel for steam-ships, which, he claims, is a vast improvement upon existing wheels, because it feathers without any attachments and gives greater speed to the vessel; and, we will conclude this notice by advising those interested in such matters, to cor- respond with him at the address already given. P. J. HANOUR, Importer of Fine Brandies, Wines, Foreign Ales and Dealer in Fancy Groceries, 150 and 152 Main and 119 Commercial Streets. As long ago as 1859, Mr. P. J. Hanour commenced busi- ness, and has since then continued in the same establish- ment as an importer of Fine Brandies, Wines, Foreign Ales, and a dealer in Fancy Groceries. Such a business requires much experience, particularly when the proprietor of it makes a specialty of handling only the best goods which the home and foreign markets afford, and the subject of this sketch unquestionably possesses all the knowledge requisite for conducting the enterprise which he now has under control. The premises, which are located as above, in what is known in Buffalo as Spaulding's Exchange, are of the most ample dimensions, are elegantly, as well as conveniently fitted up, and occupy an area of 40x180 feet, running through from Main to Commercial street. Assisted by Mr. Charles Hampel, who acts as book- keeper and salesman, and Mr. George Hay as salesman, Mr. Hanour carries on under his own personal supervision a wholesale and retail business in the goods already men- tioned, viz: Brandies, Wines, Liquors, Ales, Porters, &c, of home and foreign producers, as welt as Champagnes, Fine Teas, Coffees and all Fancy Goods, including Crosse & Blackwell's Pickles, Coleman's Mustard, English Spices, French Olives, Olive Oil, and, in short, all those articles which may be properly classed under the head of Fancy Groceries. There is no difficulty in defining the brands of Cham- pagne, and other wines, as well as Brandies, Whiskies, Foreign Ales and Porter, kept in stock, the only reason for our not doing so is that too much space would thus be occupied. A stock of Cigars, both imported and domestic, is con- stantly on hand, as well as all kinds of Tobacco. In all these goods, suffice it to say, the stock is fresh and exten- sive and of such a quality that it is unhesitatingly guar- anteed in'every particular. P. J. Hanour is a native of Germany and came to this city in 1837, since which time he has constantly resided in Buffalo, and has been so closely identified with this com- munity that any laudatory words regarding him are entirely uncalled for. We must say, however, that his establish- ment can be cordially recommended in every sense, and that the public may rest assured that the quality of the goods sold at the house are of such a nature as to leave nothing to be desired. 134 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. Buffalo, N. Y. and London, England. Though some may be found to cavil at the assertion we are about to make, yet it is nevertheless true that no single individual has done more to advertise Buffalo in this country, in Europe and, in fact, over the entire world, than Dr. R. V. Pierce, to a consideration of whose colossal enterprise we call the attention of our readers. A native of Stark, Herkimer Co., New York State, born which invalids from all parts of the country resorted for ad- vice and treatment), it became obvious that no human being, howsoever endowed with capacities for thought and action, could long continue its management unaided. It became necessary, therefore, not only to establish a Dispensary, where others might compound those potent remedies, for which the demand grew daily greater, but that medical men of large experience and scientific attainments, should be en- gaged to share part of those labors which had become too burdensome for the energies of any single individual. in 1840, Dr. Pierce applied himself at an earlv age to the en- thusiastic study of medicine, and after four years of the closest application graduated with the highest honours of his yesr. Establishing himself at Titusville, Pa., he at once achieved a celebrity, which led to a large and profitable con- nection; but imbued with a desire of accomplishing still greater results, and the possession of a wider field of useful- ness, he removed to this city in 1867, and here laid the foundations of a success, medically, financially and politi- cally, that is without parallel in the annals of our country. From the phenomenal increase o;" his practii e in Buffalo (to Organized under his immediate personal supervision, the Dispensary, kn wn hereafter as "The World's," became the means of performing a work, colossal in its beneficence. Here were prepared those wonderful medicaments which exercised their healing functions in every country of the globe; medicaments which had been tried, tested and veri- fied in their usefulness thousands of times in the private practice of Dr. Pierce, before being compounded and pre- pared it The World's Dispensary. These remedies, unlike the panaceas of medical motiRtebanks, are the results of prof mi i • hemii att linments and subtile knowledge of the BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 135 origin and physiological as well as psycological effects of acute and chronic maladies. It may be readily inferred that the demand for them, emanating from all quarters of the world, became simply prodigious. That their action might be fully and clearly understood by patients of all classes, it became necessary to issue volumes containing in lucid phraseology the condensed medical knowledge of the age. In Europe alone these medicines acquired such popu- larity as to make a cotemporaneous branch establishment in London absolutely essential, for the convenient transaction of the business. Meantime the requisitions made upon Dr. Pierce and his staff of assistants increased almost daily, and thither suffer- ers resorted from all parts of the country, by hundreds if not thousands. The convenient lodgment of these people grew to be a matter of serious consideration and constant annoyance, to obviate which Dr. Pierce conceived the idea of constructing a mammoth hotel for the special accomoda- tion of his patients, where they would be under his imme- diate supervision and within reach at all hours and on all occasions. No sooner was this project conceived, than it was executed with that marvelous celerity which character- izes all his operations; and there arose, upon a convenient and charming site, one of the most splendidly spacious structures in the land, and of this remarkable edifice we shall say more hereafter. This was about the position of affairs when, in compliance with the almost unanimous desire of his fellow-citizens, Dr. Pierce was relegated to the Congressional House of Representatives, and it became necessary, before the assumption of his official duties, to place his great individual enterprises upon a basis by which their usefulness should be still perpetuated. With this object a company was organized and incorporated under the laws of the State of New York, January 1879, with a capital stock of $1,000,000, which should carry on the work begun by the doctor twelve years previously. All proprietory rights to the manufacture of these medicines, and the possession of the real estate, was vested in this organization, under the title of The World's Dispensary Medical Asso- ciation, the chief executive officers of which are as follows: Hon. R. V. Pierce, M. D., President; Frank D. Pierce, Vice- President; John E. Pierce, Secretary; and Lester B. Smith, Treasurer. Under the management of such officers the usefulness of the enterprise, in every and all of its depart- ments, could not wane. As an evidence of this, we may say that the World's Dispensary alone occupies a building which covers a large part of a square, is six stories in height, and equipped with medical laboratories and chemical appliances of the most perfect character. In addition to these will be found special departments for the printing and binding of the publications before referred to. In this work alone nine steam cylinder presses are in use, besides four folding machines, with many other mechanical apparatus employed in the composing room and bindery. From seventy-five to one hundred and twenty-five assist- ants are employed in the various departments of the work here carried on, and in every detail the establishment must be regarded as unique Among the remedies prepared here by the Association, we note the following invaluable proprietory medicines, viz.: Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery; Dr. Pierce's Favor- ite Prescription; Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Purgative Pellets; Dr. Pierce's Compound Extract of Smart-Weed; Dr. Pierce's Nasal Douche, or Injector; Dr. Sage's Catarrh Remedy; Allan's Anti-Fat; Gilt-Edge Butter Maker, &c. Of the numerous publications issued, which number annually six and a quarter million volumes of all kinds, the "Common Sense Medical Adviser" before alluded to is the most important. It contains over nine hundred pages octavo, and is embellished with numerous illustrations, forming a splendid epitome of medical science reduced to popular form and phraseology. Of the Palace Hotel a detailed description would involve more space than we are at liberty to devote to this purpose. It must be said, however, that the architectural beauty, royal magnificence and sumptuous furnishing of this estab- lishment is beyond comparison, superior to anything in the United States; and for conveniences, such as Turkish and Plunge Baths, Libraries, Parlors, Heating arrangements, Ventilation, Pneumatic Tubes to every room, Stables and other appointments, the Palace Hotel is a model of luxury and convenience. The surroundings of this Hotel are of such a character, and the views on all sides so delightful, as to make it one of the most desirable rendezvous for summer tourists in the Union, while the terms, all things considered, are remark- ably moderate. Removed at some distance from the center of the city, which of itself is not eclipsed in beauty or excelled in climatic advantages by any of its sister municipalities, the guests of this house not only enjoy an atmosphere from the Lake (particularly cool and salubrious during the entire heats of summer) but are constantly refreshed by a prospect of surpassing loveliness. Its advantages indeed are so pro- nounced, as to make it a serious mistake on the part of sojourners in this city to avoid them. By our readers abroad, invalids or otherwise, it should be remembered that any information desired with reference to the matters of which we have made mention, may be obtained immediately, by addressing The World's Dis- pensary Medical Association, Buffalo, N. Y. J. S. SEMON, Lumber Inspector, 380 Maryland Street. There are few enterprises of magnitude, or in which large capital is invested, that do not call for other employ- ment of skilled experts, or good judges of stock. The lumber trade is no exception; large capital is invested in it, and heavy transactions consummated, involving, not only money but reputation. Lumber, like other commercial commodities, varies in quality, the average of good, servic- able stock, in any two cargoes, or piles, of the same bulk, will at times effect the value of each in a large degree. Extensive purchases are frequently made of Lumber, Tim- ber, &c, by proxy, conditional upon being as represented, or subject to the decision of an expert. This complex fea- ture of the lumber trade has called into active service Lumber Inspectors, men thoroughly versed in all the growths, values and quantities of this important article of commerce. One of the most prominent and widely known men in this important occupation is Mr. J. S. Semon, who has been en- gaged as a Lumber Inspector for a quarter of a century. Not only are his services in great demand in Buffalo, but he is frequently called to other lumber sections (including Canada) in the pursuance of his business. This extensive practice, the long years of constant application to the one calling, and his well known reputation for reliability and promptness, gives him a well deserved prestige and promi- nence. Mr. J. S. Semon is a native of Rensselaer County, N. V., and came to Buffalo in 1847, where he has since been con- stantly engaged as Lumber Inspector, in addition to which, he also buys and sells lumber on commission. We are free to say that whoever may form business relations with him will realize the justice and appropriateness of the foregoing personal reference, and parties requiring his services may address Mr. Semon at 280 Maryland street, in this city. BUFFALO STAINED GLASS CO., Booth, Riester & Co., No. 29 Pearl Street. We are called upon to review every conceivable kind of business in this work, and it is a pleasure to turn aside for a moment from the more ordinary channels of trade to speak of a business which may be said to embrace one of the most useful as well as ancient of art manufactures. By the head- ing to this article our readers have been made aware that it is to the manufacture of stained glass that we are about to call their attention. The works of this firm are located at the corner of Pearl street and the Terrace, with an entrance from the former; they are modest in external appearance, but internally the arrangements are of the most complete character, and the numerous rooms are sub-divided with a single e - e to the perfect carrying on of the trade in all its ramifica .ons. So long ago as 1845 this business was founded by William H. Miller, who was succeeded by C. J. Thurston, he, in turn, giving place to Booth and Riester, one of whom had been employed by him for ten years. This last change took effect in 1865, and since then, the work has been prosecuted with vigor, ability and success; so much so, indeed, that the firm has executed work which may be found fromCanada to the Sandwich Islands, and from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, in the east, to California, in the west. In short they have sent their work into every state in the union, and last fall were engaged in manufacturing for places in North and South Carolina. In our own State alone, upwards of two hundred churches have been embellished by them, and it is only because we might seem invidious that we do not men- tion some of these as well as many of the private residences in and around this city, which have been supplied by Booth & Riester with windows, <£c, manufactured at their factory. The art of glass staining is now no longer confined to European countries, although it is yet found necessary to import the highly colored stained glass from Belgium, where with French capital and under French management, the finest highly stained glass known to the trade is produced. All are familiar, more or less, with the appearance of these windows, but few can form any conception of the labor ex- *3 6 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. pended on them, especially when it is borne in mina that many hundred pieces of glass are required to complete a window, and high artistic taste, is an indispensable requisite for the production of windows in which all the colors are made to blend harmoniously. The design is first drawn and colored, then the glass is cut of the necessary size into small pieces, after which the pieces are all fitted into a lead sash which has a flange upon it, this flange is pressed down by the workman and soldered down at every joint, after which cement is placed upon the window in a moist state and brushed into all the interstices, and after the cement dries this window is both wind and water proof. So many books have been written, detailing clearly the manufacture of all kinds of glass that it is beyond our pro- vince to go into particulars about this department, but, this we can say, that there is no place in Buffalo where a more profitable and interesting hour can be spent, than in the establishment of this firm. A specialty of the house is the making of art stained glass for private residences, as well as which has come into general use for transoms, dining-room and staircase win- dows, Emblems, Monograms, Medallions and Scriptural pieces, all of which are executed in the highest style of art. We have said enough to give a general outline of this business, and in addition to attracting our readers abroad to look upon Buffalo as possessing one of the first houses in this line, in this country, we hope that our remarks will not be overlooked by any of our own citizens who may require any work done in this unique and useful line of industry. J. M. OLLENDORFF, Practical and Scientific Optician. 356 Main St. There are few pursuits wherein intelligence is more essentially of importance, than that in which Mr. Ollendorff is engaged, His fitness and ability for his profession, may be inferred, primarily, from the fact that he possesses, as a basis, a thorough scientific education, and is a thorough English, German and French scholar; the advantage of this cannot be over estimated in adding to a practical knowledge of his business. Connected with the house of L. Black & Co., opticians, Detroit, Mich., for thirteen years, he ren- dered unremitting service to the above firm, acquiring a profound skill in all the minute details of his calling, and embarked on his own account fully conversant and equipped in every particular. His stock is complete, embracing Gold, Silver and Steel Spectacles, Eye-Glasses and Barometers, Artificial Human Eyes, Drawing Instruments, Opera and Marine Glasses, Microscopes, Compasses, Magnifiers and Thermometers. His goods can be relied upon as first-class, admitting of no superiors in the city, and those who have or may form busi- ness relations with this house, can depend upon good judg- ment in selection, prompt action and invariable courtesy. A visit to his tastefully arranged establishment and a sur- vey of his stock, will confirm the truthfulness of our remarks. J. LUTTED & CO., Manufacturing Confectioners, and Wholesale Dealers in Foreign Fruits, 301 .Main Street. In expatiating upon the industries of Buffalo, in a detailed way, which after all is the only manner in which their im- portance can be clearly conveyed to the reader, we should deplore omitting some mention of the well-known house of J. Lutted & Co., wholesale and retail dealers in Confection- ery and Foreign Fruits, and extensive manufacturers of pure, choice Confections, Comfits and fine Sweetmeats. The business was established in 1876, at No. 301 Main street, the premises consisting of one ample three-story structure, one hundred feet long, having in the rear a fully equipped two-story factory, and the entire upper floor of the building running from 11 to 10 South Division street, all supplied with steam-power for the operation of machinery and other uses. These various buildings are devoted to the respective classes of goods made by the firm, into the Stick and Drop Candy room; the room for Bar Candy of all kinds; Gum and Rock Candy room; Cream Chocolate and Cream Bon Bons; Cocoanut room, for Cocoanut Cakes, Bars and Balls; Lozenges of every description; and the room for Chocolate dipped goods; each special department being sup- plied with the necessary machinery and kettles, one of the latter being of large dimensions with a capacity of eighty gallons. From twenty-five to thirty hands are employed in the factory and sales-rooms. Four traveling salesmen are kept constantly on the road, and one man, with wagon, attends to city trade and deliveries. From a quite limited inception, the sales cf the house have now reached an average of about one hundred thou- sand dollars per annum, with a trade that extends over large portions of New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio, with every indication of a rapid and permanent increase. The individual members of the firm are James Lutted and O. Gemmer, both of whom possess an accurate, practi- cal knowledge of the business, and devote no little ability to its conduct and promotion. The special manufactures of this house, in what are known as ** Penny Goods," deserve particular mention, as retailers will find them in great demand, wherever intro- duced, and extremely profitable. The reputation of the house for enterprise and liberality is not excelled by any cotemporaneous concern, while the superior quality of the goods manufactured makes it one of the most desirable houses in the state with which to establish pleasant and profitable relations. CHAS. F. NAGEL, Importer of and Wholesale Dealer in Wines, Liquors, &c, 10 and 12 Pearl Street. For a number of years occupying the premises at 145 Washington street, Mr. JMagel has recently removed to his present location at 10 and 12 Pearl street, in United States Hotel Block, where with more commodious quarters and extensive cellarage, he continues to keep a full and choice stock of Domestic and Imported Wines, Cognacs, Whiskies, Rums, &c, all of the most reliable purity and excellence. The business was established in 1864, under the style of Hellriegel & Nagel, Mr. N. succeeding to the entire propri- etorship a year later, and has managed his affairs with that discretion which has led to a constant increase in popularity with the trade, and fixed a reputation for desirable goods, excelled by none. Special attention is paid to the domestic trade, although orders from distant points receive prompt fulfillment, and a patronage has developed through Western New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and other States, where dealers have learned the advantage of placing their orders with this house. The goods handled are uniform in stan- dard and must meet with approval, whether for the use of the connoisseur, the invalid, the store-keeper, or for medici- nal or domestic purposes, and parties, whether in the trade or out of it, desiring and appreciating reliable brands of liquors # or wines, will promote their interests by forwarding their orders to this house. L. A. DANIELS, Dealer in Horses and Mules, 252 Michigan and 123 Carroll Street. There are few dwellers in Buffalo that are not, more or less, familiar with the establishment of L. A. Daniels, who, since 1863, has perhaps monopolized, in this locality, the lion's share of the trade in Horses, Mules, Ponies, &c. For the benefit of our readers residing at a distance, however, a short sketch of his enterprise is in keeping with the object of this work, and will be found, undoubtedly, useful to those interested. As before stated, Mr. Daniels established himself in the Livery business seventeen years ago, and though conduct- ing his operations at that time with a comparatively small capital, his resources, as well as his facilities, have annually increased, until in 1S80 his establishment is the largest in Buffalo. This plant is located with a double frontage on Michigan and Carroll streets, and consists of two buildings, respectively 163x33 feet and 120x40 feet, excellently arranged in modern style for the comfortable and healthy stabling of all classes of Farm and Road Horses, Mules, and Driving Stock generally. Fifteen Horses are constantly kept in Livery, while the capacity .of the Stables affords lodgment for one hundred and twenty-five animals; a capacity which is almost invariably taxed to the utmost. Besides buying and selling on commission, Mr. Daniels transacts business direct for himself, purchasing and dispos- ing of Horses outright; a fact which our country readers should not overlook, as these Stables are the regular resort of buyers from all points in this neighborhood, affording advantages for the disposal of stock on favorable terms unequaled in Buffalo. Western and Canadian Horses and Mules are continually on hand, and the largest selection is offered for the choice of buyers. Ten or fifteen employes are required to perform the necessary work around this establishment, and under the ever vigilant eye of the proprietor order of system and neat- ness invariably prevail. A native of this state. Mr. Daniels has for thirty years resided in this city, and has established a reputation which BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 137 entitles him to universal confidence and esteem. In 1878 he was elected Councilman from the Fifth Ward for a term of two years, and has proved himself entirely worthy of the responsibilities entrusted to him by his constituents. Our readers may therefore transact business with Mr. Daniels, with the assurance of receiving not only fair but liberal treatment, and will find in addition to his other facilities already mentioned ample storage for Wagons, Sleighs and Vehicles of all kinds, upon the most moderate terms. JOHN HANAVAN, Flour, Feed, Grain, &c, 79 Seneca Street. One of the old time settlers, and a pioneer in building up the city of Buffalo to its present state of prosperity, is Mr. John Hanavan, who, for the past forty years, has been one of our most respected citizens, growing up with the com- mercial interests of the city, and gathering around him numerous friends, during the course of years, who have shown upon many occasions their appreciative confidence in the man, by electing him to positions of trust and honor, during his long career of usefulness. He has been twice elected as Alderman for the first ward, and served in this honorable position for six years, namely, from i860 to 1863, and again from 1873 to 1876, and has likewise served as City Treasurer during the years 1864 and 1865, giving great satis- faction to all in the discharge of the very responsible duties connected with the trust, and showing business abilities and capacity of a high order, in the discharge of his duties. He is a wholesale and retail dealer in Oats, Flour and Feed, &c, and also in Teas and Coffees, in all of which he does a steady and well regulated business. Mr. Hanavan is the owner of two buildings at 79 and 81 Swan street, three stories of which, with basement, he occu- pies as his store, where he employs from two to four hands, as the exigencies of trade may require. He attends person- ally to the business himself, and his lengthened experience and knowledge of his trade, gives him many advantages from which he benefits his patrons materially in his business transactions. The stock carried at present amounts to from three thou- sand to four thousand dollars, and the business done is cor- respondingly large, the general trade being principally con- fined to the city, where his associations have been so long centered. Mr. Hanavan is yet full of business energy and attends to matters with that tact, shrewdness and careful attention which have always distinguished him in his dealings, and which have been the means of establishing him in his pres- ent state of comfortable competency. BUFFALO HARDWARE COMPANY, Manufacturers of Builders' Hardware, School Furniture, &c, 557 to 567 Swan Street. The business which is now conducted under the style of the Buffalo Hardware Company, was originally established in 1869, by Messrs. J. G. and 0. S. Garretson, who are na- tives of Ohio, being born near Columbus; removing from thence to Iowa when very young men, where they remained till their advent in this city. They are both practical mechanics and spring from a family of inventors — their grandfather having invented and patented the first ma- chine which was ever introduced for cutting and heading nails at one operation. Coming to Buffalo in 1865, the Messrs. Garretson at once set to work in introducing several of the novel inventions which have since become so popular, and earning for them- selves a name celebrated among the inventors and mechanics of the day. Since commencing business their Factory has been destroyed by fire, but now they have erected new and improved works, fitted out with machinery of the latest and most improved patterns; and at the present time they have one of the most convenient establishments of the kind in the country. The business premises are situated at 557 to 567 Swan street corner of Jefferson, the works being very extensive and running through to Folsom street. The main building, a substantial brick structure of three stories, measures one hundred feet front by two hundred and thirty feet deep, and is divided into a number of departments for the neces- sary branches of their extensive trade. Besides Builders' Hardware the Buffalo Hardware Company are manufacturers of School Desks and Furni- ture, Table Slides, Brass Castings, Blackboards, Small Castings of every description, Bronze Metal for patterns, &c, &c. Most of the machinery employed has been specially designed by the proprietors themselves and is peculiarly adapted for the work in hand which includes many novelties only turned out by this firm. Particularly does this apply i: the construction of school furniture, and in which line this house makes a specialty of the "Paragon" Desk, which is manufactured in six different sizes, being well proportioned, strong, durable and neat. This desk is in use in many of the schools in almost every state of the Union, and is one of the most desirable for comfort and elegance in design, offered in this country. The cast- ing, or iron part of the "Paragon," is made from the best material known in the composition of cast-iron, and the wood work is of thoroughly dry wood, (of whatever kind desired) and by machinery made for the special pur- pose, is so well put together and finished as to leave nothing to be desired in workmanship. This may also be said of the "Paragon" Settee, Teachers' Desks and Office Desks man- ufactured by this Company, or of whatever else may be produced by the house. With a foundry having a capacity of turning out about three and a half tons of light castings daily, the Buffalo Hardware Company finds its business crowding these large facilities in the production of Gate Latches and Hinges, Blind Fastenings and Hinges, Noiseless Mortise Pulhes, Bread, Roll and Gem Pans for family use, and a line of Builders' Hardware not easily recounted in a work of this character, and, to interested parties, we would direct their attention to the catalogue of the Company, which will be sent upon application. Another line of manufacture which is carried on by this house, more extensively, perhaps, than by any other in this country, is the production of various patterns of Mop Heads, an article of late years recognized as indispensable in the household or carriage house, and likewise interesting to the trade. The leading makes of these goods are the " Garret- son, No, 1," and the "Garretson Combination Mop and Brush Holder, No. 5," both of which are fast selling and desirable. The business associations of this enterprising firm are very extensive. They employ from eighty to one hundred mechanics, three traveling salesmen and local agents in the leading towns and cities throughout the country, and their operations are not confined by any means exclusively to the States, but the reputation of their articles of manufacture extends to the West Indies and Canada, where their trade has secured an important foothold. The facilities for production possessed by the Buffalo Hardware Company, are such as to have gained for their wares a high reputation, and placed the proprietors in the foremost rank of successful machinists and manufacturers. NEW YORK CENTRAL & HUDSON R. R. R. LINE STEAMERS— WESTERN TRANSPORTATION COMPANY, Home Office Corner Ohio and Washington Streets. This well known organization for the transportation of freight and passengers between the East and the West, by propeller steamers, via the great chain of lakes, was incorporated in 1855, and the operations of this popular Company have been successfully continued ever since, dur- ing the seasons of navigation. Some one of the vessels of the Company leaves Buffalo daily, from their Dock at the foot of Washington street, for Milwaukee and Chicago, touching also at intermediate ports. This line has likewise connection with Cleveland and Detroit, Port Huron, Mackinaw, Port St. Ignace, Pine River, Sheboygan, North Port, Frankford, Beaver Island, Port Oneida, &c, in all of which places they do a large carrying trade in goods and passengers, and connect at Buffalo with the New York Central & Hudson River Rail- road, as also with their own line of boats on the Erie Canal. The Company likewise makes bills of lading through to European ports, for export goods, and affords every facility for shippers of merchandise to home or foreign markets. Their efforts in this respect, with their means of communi- cation and mediums of transportation, have done much towards the business prosperity of Buffalo. Here grain and other produce is brought to the extreme eastern point of Lake navigation, where appliances for furthering onward to the seaboard are at once utilized, and by this means the pro- duce of the far west finds a market in the eastern provinces and by transhipment to Europe. Buffalo being extensively engaged in the forwarding business has been largely indebted to this Company for making their line so popular among western producers and merchants in general. Mr. John Allen, Jr., is the President and Manager, and Mr. John L. Williams the Secretary and Treasurer, and the general office is located at Buffalo. All the boats belonging to this Company are strong, staunch and seaworthy, and are kept in a thorough state of efficiency, and this favorite Company carries with it the confidence and support of mer- chants generally, the traveling public, and all with whom it has in any way had dealings. *3< BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. BIGELOW BROTHERS, Book and Mercantile Printers, 60, 62 and 64 Pearl Street. It is with unfeigned pleasure that we call the attention of our readers to the young firm of Bigelow Brothers, steam Printers and Publishers, who commenced business in a very- limited way in the Spring of 1876. Since then, however, their business has developed so much that they now occupy an enviable position among the printing fraternity, and, as we shall show in this brief sketch, are quite entitled to take rank with the more pretentious concerns, which, backed by large capital from the beginning, took a position at once in the trade. The business to which Bigelow Brothers confine their attention at present, is that of Book, Mercantile and Law Printing, and if there is any branch of which they make a specialty over another, it is that of Law Printing. Their facilities for carrying out what they undertake are just as good as are to be found anywhere, and the class of work turned out will bear comparison with any. In part illustra- tion of this assertion, many of our readers will bear us out when we refer them to the publications of the Buffalo Historical Society, which, typographically speaking, is a book of unquestionable merit. Indeed, so much has already been said confirming this view, that anything we might add would be superfluous. This work was undertaken at the entire risk of the firm, and, so far, their efforts have been crowned with success. The first volume of the work is now before us. It numbers four hundred and thirty-six pages, is illustrated by an excellent steel plate engraving of the late Millard Fillmore, Ex-President of this Republic, as well as a beautiful artotype portrait of the late Orlando Allen. There is also a reproduction of the first copper-plate made in Buffalo, giving a view of Buffalo Harbor in 1825, as well as an artotype reproduction of a map of Buffalo, of the same year, also from a copperplate, both of which were marie by the late S. Ball, whose work, perhaps little appre- ciated then, enables us to have a clear understanding of what Buffalo was more than half a century ago. There is an idex to this work containing sixteen hundred references, as well as an index of Indian names with their meanings. We have said enough of this book to convey to our readers what work this firm is prepared to undertake, and it is without hesitation that they are cordially recommended to the consideration of this community. Apart from the more serious work of book-making they are prepared at all times to print any of the kinds of work which may be properly classed under the heads previously mentioned, and from specimens of their work, which we have examined, they can take rank with any, in whatever sense the word may be applied. The individual members of the firm are Allen G. Bigelow, Walter S. Bigelow and Lucius S. Bigelow. The first named is a native Buffalonian, the second is native to the city of Brooklyn, while the latter was born at Homer, this State. In conclusion we must say that we know of no firm here or elsewhere which better illustrates the truth of the remark made long ago by Clarendon, that, " there is nothing too difficult for industry to attain to." It is by industry and close attention to business, that Bigelow Brothers have placed themselves where they are, and it is by strict mer- cantile integrity that they mean to maintain themselves in the position to which they have attained among the com- mercial community of Buffalo. THE HOWARD IRON WORKS, Rufus L. Howard, Chicago Street. In the compilation of this work on the Manufactures and Resources of Buffalo, we could hardly select a better illus- tration of its advantages, especially in the former department, than the Howard Iron Works, an enterprise of such magni- tude as to make necessary more than a brief review of its products and facilities. Founded in i8 4 g by Mr. Rufus L. Howard, the present proprietor, the business was begun under favorable auspices and has been conducted in such a manner as to augment its original resources, until the capital now invested amounts to over two hundred thousand dollars, resulting in a trade of about three hundred thousand dollars per annum. The manufacturing plant is located on the Main and Hamburgh street canal, but a short distance from the depots of the trunk lines of railway, that center in this city, afford- ing conveniences for the receipt and shipment of metal and heavy machinery, which is in itself no small adjunct to the successful prosecution of the work. This plant covers an area of considerably more than an acre, the buildings alone occupying fully two-thirds of the entire space, being sub-divided into several departments for the more systematic division of the work, while the main structures are from three to four stories high, having a capacity for the average production of ten tons of castings daily. Two cupolas having respectively a capacity for seven and fifteen tons per diem, are kept in operation, and a 200-horse power engine, with a battery of boilers of ade- quate dimensions, supply the motive force for operating the machinery with which the works are replete. Among those pieces of mechanism, to the manufacture of which the house directs its special attention, are Steam, Hydraulic and Hand Elevators for warehouses, hotels and public buildings, Machinery for Grain Elevators of all des- criptions, Hydraulic and Hand Presses for printers and binders, Paper Cutters, Stabbers, Job Backers, and all kinds of Book-binders' Machinery, Schlenker's Revolving Die Bolt Cutters of every description, Bark Mills, Vices, Steel and Iron Set Screws, Coupling Bolts, Tops for Machine Screws, Centering Lathes, Screw Propellors, Railway Frogs and Switches, and Railway work of all kinds, Grindstone Frames and an innumerable list of other machines, large and small castings. Much of this mechanism is peculiarly ingeni- ous and is protected by Letters Patent, granted the inventor, Mr. E. Schlenker, who, as superintendent of the works, exercises, in conjunction with Mr. Howard, the most care- ful scrutiny and solicitude in securing not only the best material, but such workmanship as can not be surpassed. That their attention to the most minute details has been effective in this respect may be judged from the fact that at the International Exposition, Philadelphia, 1876, where the competition was the keenest and closest ever known in this country, this house carried off the highest premiums and awards, and distinguished itself for the beauty, finish and utility of the machinery exhibited. This being the invariable character of the product, and with a career and reputation which has extended over nearly a third of a century, it may be reasonably inferred that the trade of the concern embraces all sections of the Union as well as the Canadian Provinces, and we feel at liberty to say that the esteem in which the house is held at home, is the just outgrowth of its usefulness and the unblemished business principles upon which it has been conducted. Our readers at a distance interested in any of those classes of machinery that we have mentioned, should send for illustrated catalogue and price list, which alone occupies nearly a hundred pages large octavo, and is a handsome reflex of mechanical genius and constructive efficiency. JOST BREWING CO.'S Lager Beer Brewery, 419 to 429 Broadway. The growth and development of the Brewing interests in Buffalo can hardly be illustrated or disclosed more clearly than by a brief sketch of the Jost Brewing Co., one of the most important establishments of its kind in this city. Originating in 1850, Mr. F. J. Jost, senior, established the business, constructed the plant and commenced operations (when Lager Beer was comparatively an unknown bever- age) to the capacity of three thousand barrels per annum. This business he conducted with profit and the general esteem of the community until 1867, when he retired in favor of his son, F. J. Jost. junior, who in turn conducted the trade until 1S77, when, by his demise, Mr. Jost, senior, again resumed control of the plant, which he retained till his death in 1879. At this period, under the title of the Jost Brewing Co., Messrs. J. Berlin and E. Kretz succeeded to the business as proprietors, and are now prosecuting the enterprise with success and popularity. The plant at the present time, owing to the improvements and enlargements that have taken place, occupies an area of 400x100 feet, the productive capacity being twelve thousand barrels yearly. Every advantage that can be derived from splendid machinery and first-class appliances is in use here, includ ing two copious ice houses, which require two hundred cords of ice. From twelve to fifteen hands are employed here, under the immediate supervision of Mr. Klahs, foreman, while in the clerical department we find Mr. George Rich- ert, chief book-keeper. Of the members of the Company, Mr. Kretz is a native of this city, and occupies the position of receiving teller in the Buffalo Savings Bank. Mr. Berjin, who gives his per- sonal attention to the business, is also well known as having been a resident here for many years. The Lager Beer produced by the Jost Brewing Co. is considered equal, if not superior, to any manufactured in Western New York, and is regarded with the greatest favor by those best able to judge its relative merits; and, as an indication of the quality of the product and how k is appre- ciated, it should be recorded that they increased from two thousand barrels in 1878 to nearly eight thousand barrels in 1879. Dealers at a distance will do well to send for a sample lot, being assured that their customers will appreciate a beverage so highly prized in this neighborhood. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 139 ROSENBLATT & BROWN, Wine and Liquor Merchants, Dealers in Cigars and Fine Family Groceries, 192 Main Street. We have spoken elsewhere of the various houses conduct- ing a business in Wines and Liquors, but have not had occasion to speak of any conducting such an enterprise as that indicated by the above title. In the early part of the present year Messrs. Rosenblatt & Brown inaugurated the business to which we beg to call the attention of our readers, and opened that store located at 192 Main street, running through to John street, occupying an area of 120x25 feet. Here they carry a stock of Fine Wines and Liquors, Por- ters, Ales, <£c., both of Home and Foreign manufacture, as well as a stock of the most desirable goods in Cigars, Fine Family Groceries, and all goods which may be properly classed under these titles. The feature of their business, which the firm proposes to make a specialty, is that of Wines and Liquors for Family and Medicinal purposes, and they sell only such goods as can be guaranteed by them. They have, in addition, made arrangements for the weekly supply of freshly imported Cigars, and this feature deserves commendation, as smokers know quite well that imported goods not freshly imported deteriorate quickly in quality, as against the fact that Domestic goods improve with age. In Champagnes they handle, in addition to all well-known Foreign brands, the Domestic products known by the brands Great Western and Gold Seal, and these goods are put up in quantities from a quarter of a pint upwards. Our readers would do well to remember the claims of our Domestic Wine, which, while it is much cheaper than the imported article, will compete very favorably with it, so far as quality is concerned. In Fancy Groceries, they handle Cross & Blackwell's Pickles, Coleman's Mustard, Fancy Biscuits, Foreign Cheese, and an endless variety of such merchandise. The store, which is of the dimensions just given, is ele- gantly fitted up for the convenient prosecution of the busi- ness, and all shipping is done from the rear entrance on John street. Both members of the firm, W. P. Rosenblatt and George R. Brown, are natives of this city; the former having had seventeen years' continuous experience in the same line in a Buffalo firm, and the latter having been ten years engaged in the same business before co-operating with his partner in establishing their present venture. They are, therefore, t»o well known here to need any personal mention at our hands; suffice it to say that they are gentlemen of energy, possess a thorough knowledge of their business, and that we are not going too far when we state that all those who may enter into business relations with them will receive such considerate attention at their hands, and obtain such value for their outlay, as will tend to make these relations per- manent, pleasant and profitable. Our readers abroad communicating by mail with the firm, which will only send out goods of the same quality as that delivered to their city customers, need be under no appre- hension of not getting exactly what they want and of such quality as the firm represents. PLUMB, BURDICT & BARNARD, Manufacturers of Nuts and Bolts, and Nut and Bolt Makers' Machinery, 637 Clinton Street. With the many advantages enjoyed by Buffalo, by virtue of its favorable geographical location in being at the eastern terminus of lake navigation, the center from which railroads diverge in every direction, and its proximity to supplies from every part of the country in all the essential ingred- ients used in the various trades and manufactures, large industries in iron products have developed here, among which the enterprise of Messrs. Plumb, Burdict & Barnard is one of the most prominent; and, though being the only house in its line of manufacture in the city, represents that line in such a manner as to make Buffalo one of the prin- cipal points in the country in the production of Nuts and Bolts of every description, and of Nut and Bolt Manufac- turers' Machinery. The business having been originated in Amsterdam, this state, in 1863, by Mr. Geo. C. Bell, and the following year (1864) removed to this city, owing to the obvious induce- ments mentioned above in reference to location, &c, passed, later, into the proprietorship of the present firm, who have shown not only a proficiency in the material management, but also a determination to so enhance their products, by actual superiority, as to extend their trade and reputation throughout this and other countries. The result has been that by enlarging their works and capacity from time to time, as the trade demanded, the firm now engage a plant of considerable extent, the main buildings upon which measure respectively 90x300 feet and 85x120 feet in area; the three different departments of the works giving employ- ment to about two hundred operators, the majority of whom are expert workmen at the various machines with which the works are equipped, for the rapid and perfect produc- tion of Car, Carriage, Wagon and Agricultural Machinery, Bolts and Nuts, of all sizes, styles and grades of finish. The mechanism here in use is of the newest and best ever invented for the purpose, and of such an array as to bring in requisition the power of a 100-horse power engine to effect the necessary action. Always pursuing a policy embracing the cardinal elements of success — the highest possible standard of goods produced at the lowest possible price — strict adherence to sound busi- ness principles, and an indefatigable activity to ascertain the wants of the trade, the house of Plumb, Burdict & Barnard has created a demand for their manufactures throughout the United States and Canada, making, also, considerable shipments to nearly all parts of the civilized world; and abroad, as well as at home, are regarded as one of the most reliable and liberal of American manufacturing concerns. THE "WILSON" FIRE EXTINGUISHER, J. A. Hoffman, Manager, Room 16, Coit Block. It is only within the past few years that modern inge- nuity, enlightened by science, has been directed to the sud- den abatement of conflagrations by means and appliances more prompt and effective than those in immemorial use. The tide of investigation, however, being turned in this direction, it became evident, from experimental tests, that the most rapid exterminator of combustion known to man was carbonic acid gas, and, consequently, that if the neces- sary mechanical appliances could be invented for its instan- taneous generation and perfect management, the problem wouid be solved, and another credit would be entered up in favor of science as against civilization. Finally, out of the toils and experiments, studies, and solicitudes of many years, was perfected the Wilson Fire Extinguisher, which, as the simplest, last and most perfectly developed improvement in chemical fire extinguishers, is entitled to universal adoption by those whose enlightenment seeks proper means for the preservation of property. It is a fact, thoroughly established in natural philosophy, that by the liberation of oxygen in small quantities of water fire is intensified, and at all points, therefore, where large volumes of water are not attainable, it has been proved in thousands of instances that chemical means were alone effi- cacious. As an evidence of the estimation in which the Wilson Fire Extinguisher is held by the highest competent autnori- ties, we may state that at the American Institute Exhibi- tion, New York, 1875, it was awarded a bronze medal and the highest premium over all competitors, being com- mended by the judges as containing superior advantages worthy of the highest encomiums. In speaking of those advantages, which are more in the ingenious construction of the apparatus than the principle involved, which is identical in all chemical engines, we are constrained to state, first, that the Wilson machines are made of the best copper, brass and lead, tested by hydraulic pressure of two hundred and sixty pounds to the square inch, and are, therefore, entirely removed from any danger of explosion when charged. Second, they are manufactured expressly with a view to secure less weight with greater capacity than similar appliances, while simplicity of con- struction prevents the possibility of erroneous management. Third, every precaution is taken in- the manufacture to avoid rust or corrosion in pistons, screws, and all points where metals and chemicals come in contact, an arrangement whereby the stream may be continued ten per cent, longer than any other extinguisher under equal pressure, without increased weight of metal, while its perfect safety by the ingenious arrangement of its internal mechanism, effectually prevent the comingling of chemicals until the moment de- sired. The Revolving Globe Fire Extinguisher, manufactured upon the Wilson patent, in an entirely unique device adapted for all emergencies that may arise. First, a seven gallon hand extinguisher on a new and novel device; second, a warehouse machine of twenty-five gallons capacity, carries an automatic reel with fifty feet of hose constantly attached is mounted on two wheels, can be drawn or moved by one person, and is so constructed that it will pass through an ordinary door or through a three foot six inch elevator. It can be constructed for one hundred feet of hose if desired, and i^ adapted for warehouses, manufacturing establish ments and large hotels, and is worthy of the attention of those pos- sessing large farms, and who are in the habit of storing grain 140 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. and other farm produce. Third, an engine of fifty gallons capacity, mounted on two wheels, with automatic hose reel, attached as above, carries one hundred feet of hose, suitable and well adapted for villages, and owing to its peculiar construction two men can run readily with it. Fourth, a two globe engine on four wheels, globes to vary in size from fifty to one hundred gallons each. These last are adapted for cities, towns, &c, where its presence has been fre- quently turned to incalculable advantage. From the man- ner in which it is constructed, the slightest movement recharges the water with all alkaline sediment which may have been deposited, thus making the chemical combination perfect, rapid and effective upon the shortest notice. A cut of this apparatus will be found on the outside of the cover of this work, from which it will appear that the receiver revolving with the wheels occasions the requisite agitation of the contents. These fire extinguishers, however, are made of various designs and all sizes to order, and in comparison with all other engines, either water or chemical, are not only supe- rior but far more economical. Manufactured in this city under the direct personal super- vision of Mr. J. R. Wilson, the inventor, a gentleman of wide experience and undoubted mechnnical ability, we have no hesitancy in commending this machine to the pub- lic, and especially to those directing the affairs of rural com- munities, as being one upon which implicit reliance can be placed under all circumstances, and one which our per- sonal observation and experience have led us to regard as beyond all competition the best extant. HAAS, NAUERT & KLEIN, Engravers, Printers, Binders and Blank Book Manufacturers, 196 to 202 Main Street. In a review of the varied business enterprises of Buffalo, we must give an honorable position to the printers, and in this connection we are confronted by many large houses whose operations ramify over a very wide territory, and whose business is of great magnitude. The most extensive private printing establishment in Buf- falo is that of Messrs. Haas, Nauert & Klein, located as above in one of the most central positions among the busi- ness houses of the city. Founded thirteen years ago by Mr. Haas, who had for a partner the late Mr. J. M. Kelly, the house was carried on under the firm name of Haas & Kelly, until the demise of the latter gentleman in 1872, when Messrs. Nauert and Klein were admitted as partners under the existing title. The premises occupied by the firm, cover an area of 60x60 feet, and are five stories in height. Here are employed about seventy-five hands in the various departments, viz.: Engraving, Printing, Binding and Blank Book making, while eight first class presses are required to do the press work of the concern, all of which are driven by steam. As has already been indicated, no other private concern in the printing business, in Buffalo, assumes such gigantic propor- tions as does that of this. Their facilities are of the best, and are equal to any demands that can be made upon them. The trade of the house extends not only through Buffalo and its environs, but reaches to Ohio, Indiana, North West- ern Pennsylvania, and the western part of New York state. Of the individual members of the firm we are glad to be at liberty to state that Mr. Henry Nauert is a native of Bavaria, but has been allied with the commercial develop- ment of Buffalo nearly all his life. In addition to conduct- ing his own business, he has not been inattentive to the municipal affairs of the city, which he served, in the capa- city of Supervisor, and Alderman from the Fifth Ward, in 1862, and again in 1864 and 1865, with satisfaction to his constituents and credit to himself. Messrs. J. L. Haas and J. W. Klein are respectively natives of Buffalo and New York city. All the partners of this concern are practical men, and have been connected with some of the largest printing houses in the Union for periods ranging from twenty to forty years, thus acquiring a thorough knowledge of their vocation before entering into it on their own account. One of the special features of the house is their extensive business in agricultural printing; but, indeed, all the work turned out by them is of great merit and excellence, and after seeing so many specimens of it we have no hesitation in pronouncing it equal to that of any printing house any- where. Being so well and favorably known, it is needless for us to use laudatory terms regarding them, and we can only add that business relations established with the house cannot fail to be ot the most satisfactory character; as in their dealings with their customers they have been found prompt, . eliable and decisive, and the class of work turned out by them can withstand any scrutiny which may be brought to bear upon it. TIFFT HOUSE, E. D. & H. Tuthill, Proprietors, 465 Main Street. There is nothing that adds to the prestige of a city in the estimation of strangers, so much as the possession of a first-class hotel, and in that respect Buffalo is fortunate in the possession of the Tifft House. This is the leading hotel in this city in all that pertains to a strictly first-class house. The establishment was opened some sixteen years ago and came into the hands of the present proprietors in 1873. It occupies a very large area fronting on Main street and running through to Washington, in the very center of the city, is built of brick, five stories high, and has a capacity for entertaining two hundred and fifty guests. The Dining Room is on the second floor and here two hundred people can dine at one time. The ground floor is given up to offices, elegant Bar, Billiard Parlor, Waiting and Writing rooms. Some seventy attaches are constantly employed here, and each department is presided over by competent and experienced persons. The house throughout is fitted up elegantly; rooms are to be had singly or en suite, and there is that indispensable appendage of every well appointed house, a baggage and passenger elevator. Furnished rooms are from three dol- lars to three dollars and fifty cents per day, according to location, and of course special rates are made to troupes and such combinations as require clubbing rates. Messrs. E. D. & H. Tuthill are the proprietors, and are both thoroughly versed in everything that pertains to their business, and although it is a necessity in a house of this size to create departments with capable chiefs at their heads, these are again under the direct personal supervision of the gentlemen named. The chief clerk and bookkeeper is Mr. Chas. E. Myres, the day clerk is Mr. E. V. Williams, and the night clerk, Mr. C. H. Smith, all of whom are capable men, and who leave nothing undone for the comfort of the patrons of the house. Along with the proprietors they do all in their power to sustain the already high reputation which has been won for the Tifft House, and we have pleasure in referring our readers to an establishment in which we are confident they will receive all the comforts and attention which the most exacting may demand. This house was erected in 1863 and is still owned by Geo. W. Tifft, Esq., a gentleman who has done much to promote the industrial thrift and welfare of this community, and about whose other enterprises in this city we have spoken elsewhere in these pages. ADAM, MELDRUM & ANDERSON, Importers, Jobbers and Retailers of Dry Goods, Carpets, &c, Nos. 396, 398, 400 and 402 Main St., and Nos. 209, 211, 213 and 215»Pearl Street. In speaking of the commercial advantages of Buffalo, it affords us great satisfaction to announce that especially in the departments of Dry Goods, Carpets and Upholstery Goods, inducements are accorded purchasers in this city that are certainly not attainable at any other point west of New York. Indeed, this fact has become so generally and widely known, as to have led to the establishment of houses whose operations have become colossal, productive of a trade that extends, even in a retail way, over a large sur- rounding territory. Organized in 1867, the firm of Adam, Meldrum & Ander- son commenced business as retail dealers in this line, estab- lishing itself in a portion of the premises now occupied. Auspicious circumstances surrounded the house at its inception, each member of the firm (which is composed of Robert B. Adam, Alexander Meldrum and William Ander- son) having had a previous experience in Scotland, and an apprenticeship to the business of a most thorough character. The concern at once sprang into prominence (the transac- tions of the first year amounting to three hundred thousand dollars) and became a favorite resort for buyers of all classes. At that time the establishment was considered a very extensive one; it occupied a floorage area of about seven thousand square feet, and engaged in its service a numerous corps of assistants. Every year, however, added to the business of the firm; it became generally understood that buyers could obtain here not only the widest range of selection, but prices which invariably ruled lower than those demanded elsewhere. This increase made it necessary to augment the facilities of the firm, which promptly added store after store to its premises, until at present the total area of floorage amounts to forty-six thousand three hun- hundred square feet, and employs from one hundred and seventy-five to two hundred salesmen, clerks and other ■.sistants in the various departments of the business. The operations of this battalion of employes are conducted with BUFFALO AND fc'NVIKi M 141 the greatest system and exactitude, under the personal supervision of the several members of the firm, which now transacts a business of about two millions of dollars annually. The benefits which the house is enabled to confer upon its customers arise in a large degree from the fact that, both in purchases and sales, the cash system is sedulously ad- hered to, enabling the firm in one case to derive the greatest advantage in the employment of its capital, while in the other it escapes the losses contingent upon a system of credits. These advantages, besides those which arise from the direct importation of goods and purchase of enormous quantities, the house promptly shares with its patrons, leading to the establishment of relations with the public mutually agreeable, profitable and permanent. JAMES HALL, Eagle Cracker and Biscuit Machine Works, 76 and 78 Washington Street. While engaged in compiling a work on the " Commerce, Manufactures and Resources of Buffalo," it affords us great pleasure to have instances brought to our notice of any new enterprise that may have lately originated in the city, and the residents of Buffalo cannot but have observed with pride the marked increase of trade and prosperity, that has sprung up even during the present year. After a residence here of about eight years, during which period he was actively engaged in the manufacture of his Improved Reel Oven," Mr. Hall, early in the present year, extended his works, adding to his manufactures that of all kinds of machinery for crackers biscuits and cakes, and as specialties in this line, we noticed here the Patent Cracker Cutter invented by Mr. George J. Hill, W. S. Ovens' Patent Cake Machine and James Hall's Patent Cracker Machine, machines which have given the greatest satisfaction to the trade, both for their simplicity and ease with which they are handled, as well as the economy they hemselves are productive of. The experience enjoyed by Mr. Hall in the manufacture of Ovens, has been turned to so good an account by him- self, that, in a majority of the largest and best bakeries in the United States and Canada, they can be found in con- stant use, and his " Improved Patent Open Furnace Reel Oven ".is universally acknowledged as superior to any other mechanical oven in the world, not only for baking purposes but for economy in the use of fuel, and as being perfectly free from gas and dust. Of these Mr. Hall is now building four sizes, viz.: six, eight, ten and twelve shelf ovens, hav- ing baking capacities of from one to fifty barrels of flour in ten hours. That the trade in general should be able to avail them- selves of his improved methods, Mr. Hall is willing to alter any other mechanical oven after his own designs, guaran- teeing a saving in fuel of at least thirty per cent. Besides the above important articles of machinery, Mr. Hall manufactures Brakes, Dough Mixers, Sheet Iron and Wire Pans, Apron Cloths, Oven Lamps, and every variety of Cutters for all the different machines. In the factory situated at 76 and 78 Washington street, having an area of 60x40 feet, are constantly employed from ten to fifteen hands, under the personal supervision of the proprietor, who has Mr. George J. Hill with him as fore- man ; a cardigan engine of 45-horse power together with all modern facilities, being used in carrying on the works, and the products of the house have found a market from Maine to California, and from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. A native of Cincinnati, Mr. Hall has, as aforesaid, resided eight years in this city, where, from his general integrity and liberal business policy, he has succeeded in establishing a trade, in the above line, that has received the general approbation of the community, and it is with pleasure that we recommend our readers abroad, who may be desirous of purchasing such machinery, to this house, with wnom business transactions cannot fail to be both profitable and satisfactory and any information desired will be most cneerhilly given by Mr. Hall himself, as we are unable in a sketch of this kind, to give full details of all the machinery produced. SltuJtiff TONAWANDA TONAWANDA. Our title, which includes Buffalo as well as its environs demands that a point so contiguous and so important as Tonawanda, should not be for- gotten, or passed over in a work which has for its sole object a thorough delineation of the varied material resources of this community, a In keeping with this design much information has been carefully gathered with reference to Ton- awanda which the reader will find following this general notice; and we are under the impression that never heretofore, has been published so ac- curate and detailed a disclosure of those enterprises that contribute to make this point one of the largest lumber markets in the world. Situated on the Niagara River, Tonawanda Creek and on the Erie Canal, intersected by the New York Central & Hudson River Railway and the Erie Railway, its position at the foot of Lake Erie seems so entirely admirable for purposes of Commerce that it becomes rather a matter of sur- prise that only during the pas', decade has the town sprung into prominence as the center of a traffic in lumber whose proportions it is difficult to realize. The rapid growth to which we refer, however, is of itself an eloquent commentary upon the ex- traordinary advantages resulting from a site so fortuitous; more especially so, when it is remem- bered that during the period alluded to occurred a financial disturbance which for five years exerted a constantly repressive influence upon the indus- tries of the entire nation. In defiance of all such obstacles, and quite re- gardless apparently of conditions which retarded the prosperity of less favored places, Tonawanda in its population, business and resources grew an- nually at a rate which is partially indicated by statistics, which the reader will observe with inter- est if not astonishment. In 1848-9 Tonawanda was little more than an obscure hamlet, which, peopled by canal men and their families, straggled along the water-ways with a vain attempt to look permanent, and gave no promise of a more substantial future. At this time however an Association of Cleveland capital- ists recognising the availability of the point for purposes of trans-shipment, formed a joint stock company under the style of the Tonawanda & Cleveland Commercial Company, and in 1849 erected extensive warehouses and a grain elevator of considerable dimensions. For various reasons not altogether foreign to mismanagement on the part of the Company and lack of steam tugs, this venture proved abortive, otherwise than by at- tracting attention to its locality, and creating an interest in others that proved ultimately more fruitful. The arrival of the first cargo of grain at Tona- wanda was an event in its history, and the Schooner Poland which conveyed it, found no difficulty in navigating the Niagara and effecting safe and con- vinent harbor. Contemporaneously Captain Anson Sheppard one of the best known seamen upon the lakes, owner of the schooners Cleveland and Wind- ham, and a resident of Tonawanda, in conjunction with his brother Orrin, began the transportation of staves to Tonawanda for Messrs. Butts & Co., who met with such success in this enterprise that in 1850 they constructed docks along the Niagara and upon the Creek, which subsequently passed into the posseseson of J. A. McDougall & Co. From this small and seemingly unimportant be- ginning, has developed the enormous industry that now characterizes the place, and it was this ven- ture that formed the nucleus from which expanded the lumber trade of Tonawanda. It was after this period that Hon. H. P. Smith originated the idea of towing or rafting logs across the lake from Canadian and other ports, a scheme that was put in- to execution with such success, that many others embarked in like operations, and the little town be- gan to exchange its shabby habiliments for the garniture of thrift. In 1856 the general progress of trade was marked by the erection of the first planing mfll, which was built by Wm. Emerson, Esq., who having conducted the business for some years, was succeeded by a Mr. Potts; the plant finally com- ing into possession of Nevin Nugent about 1868. This year is made notable for the organization of several firms, of which perhaps the most prominent was that of Burrowes, Lane & Co., in which Messrs. D. B. Burrowes, Stilman Cutter, C. G. Lane, J. F. Vincent and J. A. McDougall were in- terested. Thus associated, these gentlemen began the construction of extensive docks and. wharfs for the accommodation of lake vessels and barges, ex- erting in every way a powerful influence in foster- ing the industries of the place and giving it some valid title to consideration. From this time dates the commencement of real prosperity in the history of Tonawanda, and the work of development went forward with even strides. Steam tugs and barges were constructed and came into general use, largely superseding sailing craft, and the receipts of lumber at the port began to assume respectable proportions. The harbor, which for safety, depth and capacity is one of the finest inland waters in this country, affords almost unlimited facilities for vessels of all classes, a fact so well known that even as far back as the spring of 1S53, no less than thirty sail bound for Buffalo, put into this port to escape ice and stress of weather, an event which is still of not unfrequent occurrence upon a s>mall«r scale. TONAWANDA. 153 It is not a difficult task to ascertain by brief ex- amination those causes that have been at work to •establish Tonawanda as one of the leading lumber markets in the country, and we shall state them mainly and concisely as follows: First — A situation at the extreme eastward point of navigation, and free access by water to the great lumber lands of the West, Northwest and Cana- da. Second- — A connection between the harbor and the Erie Canal by means of lockage, affording a •direct route for cheap shipment to the seaboard States, twelve miles nearer the eastern terminus than any other available point. Third — Four miles of docks and wharfs, with ample room for still further expansion. Fourth — Railroad facilities by the New York Central and Erie Railways, with sidings to river fronts and all principal yards and mills — together with specially favorable freight rates. Fifth — Immunity from heavy taxation, high rents, labor combinations and the expenses of barbor dredging. These are in short the salient points of advant- age that have contributed to engender and per- petuate a career so remarkable, and in glancing at the whole situation, it may be safely assumed that so long as the West and Northwest produce lum- ber and the East consumes it, Tonawanda must (unless affected by the Welland Canal), continue to augment its prosperity and resources. In 1875 it was found expedient on the part of those mainly interested in the lumber business to form an association entitled the Tonawanda Lum- ber Association, for converging the influence and enterprise of the trade upon all objects of mutual advantage. This organization has annually in- creased in vitality and usefulness, and has done much to promote the general welfare. Its officers are at present as follows: E. Evans — President. Alexander McBean — Vice-President. G. W. Buckmaster — Treasurer. W. R. Gregory — Secretary. DIRECTORS. Theo. S. Fassett. W. H. Cowper. W. H. Gratwick. E. Goodrich. D. R. Burrows. The statistics herewith submitted were com- piled from official sources and may be relied upon as correct. LUMBER, LATH AND SHINGLES RECEIVED AT THE PORT OF TONAWANDA FROM ALL SOURCES, FOR EIGHT YEARS FROM 1872 TO 1879 INCLUSIVE. 1872. Lumber.ft 55,886,462 1873. " " 104,900,000 1874. " " 144,754,000 1875- " " 155.384.805 1876. " " 207,728.327 1877. " " 221,076,007 1878. " " 206,655,122 1879. " " 250,699,042 1873. Lath, pieces 1,258,000 1874. " " 1,506,000 1875. " " 6,559,200 1876. " " 6,137,700 1877. " " 5,126.050 1878. " " 3,629,300 1879. " " 5,606,400 1873. Shingles, pieces 1,112,000 1874. " " 10,823,000 1875. " " 13,088,500 1876. " " 18.907,500 1877. " " 23,249,400 1878. " " 31,455,500 1579. " " 30,122,000 SHIPMENTS FROM THE PORT OF TONAWANDA BY ERIE CANAL FOR ABOVE PERIOD. 1873. Lumber feet 89,273,358 1874. " " 115,752,111 1875. " " 120,659,795 1876. " " 167,547,747 1877. " '" 188,400,332 1878. " " 173,085,462 1879. " " 206,442,542 1879. " " (by ra il) 58,716,000 DETAILED STATEMENT OF THE BUSINESS TRANS- ACTED IN ALL KINDS OF LUMBER AT THE PORT OF TONAWANDA FOR THE YEAR 1879. Pine lumber feet 250,699,042 Shingles pieces 30, 122,000 Lath pieces 56.064 Cedar posts 7,362 Salt barrels 1,022 Pickets 8,000 Square Oak, cubic feet 331,000 Round Pine, cubic feet 25,934,000 Square Pine, cubic feet 267,000 In the face of such figures as the foregoing, it requires no remarkable discernment to anticipate for Tonawanda an increase for the current year (1880) over 1879 of from twenty to thirty per cent, on the gross business transacted, and a regular augmentation thereafter so long as contingent circumstances remain unchanged. So far we have confined ourselves mainly to a consideration of the lumber interests, but there are other industries firmly seated here, that while taking secondary positions, must not be overlooked in this connection. That of boat and barge building is one of these, and adds no little to the stability of the town by the employment of numerous artisans and a very con- siderable capital. After what has already been said, it is obvious that it would be difficult to choose a point having greater facilities for the prosecution of such enterprises, and that this is the case, can be seen by the rapid annual increase of operations in this department. Great attention is also given to the manufactuee of house building stuff, and many saw and planing mills are con- stantly turning out vast quantities of sash, doors, blinds, frames, mouldings, shingles, lath, siding, flooring, sheathing, and especially in preparing material for house and boat building; ingenious machinery is employed that we have not observed elsewhere, indicating a thoroughly progressive and 154 TONAWANDA. enterprising spirit on the part of those concerned. To the manufacturer of furniture seeking a spot for the profitable and convenient prosecution of his business, we have no hesitatancy in saying that Tonawanda presents almost unequalled induce- ments which should not fail to incite at least in- vestigation — a remark which holds equally good with reference to wood-workers in all departments of trade. It could hardly be expected that, springing from insignificance into comparative importance in one decade, Tonawanda should possess an appearance characteistic of age and prominence. Yet even in this respect the visitor will find much to commend in the way of churches, business blocks and private residences, not only suggesting opulence and stability, but indicative of refine- ment and culture. Located, as before described, twelve miles from Buffalo, this is not surprising; and with a popula- tion of nearly seven thousand, all the social ad- vantages of the most favored communities are at- tainable. Two weekly newspapers are published here, both of which have placed us under obligations for professional courtesies. The Tonawanda Herald which was estab- lished in 1874, by Jay Densmore, is now controlled by Messrs. Warren & Chapman, and is edited with ability and spirit, having Democratic proclivities and exerting an active political influence through- out the country. Its circulation is said to be the largest achieved by any local journal, and is rapidly increasing, while its devotion to the com- mercial and other interests of the community in which it is published, entitles it to general sup- port. The Tonawanda Index was founded in 1876 by J. A. L. Fisher, who still continues its publica- tion, aided in the editorial work by Geo. S. Hob- bie. The Index is a nine column folio, indepen- dently Republican in politics, first class typograph- ically, and circulates extensively through Erie, Niagara and adjacent counties. It has acquired a State reputation, and is an excellent medium for reaching the people in range of its circulation. Within a short period a daily miniature paper en- titled The News, has been issued by Mr. Hobbie, containing concisely the local current news. Closing this rapid and general review of the in- dustries of Tonawanda, we especially direct the attention of the reader to the series of articles that follow, as containing more detailed and valuable information than can be readily obtained from any other source. The^e articles are based upon facts collected with much trouble and expense by the publishers, and have been written with a view of disclosing more fully the resources of this place. Care has been taken to adhere closely to the verities, and the reader may safely rely upon all statements made as being strictly within the bounds of truth. We have found the business men of Tonawanda courteous, enterprising and honorable to a remark- able degree, and consider ourselves under obliga- tions to Messrs. Smith, Fassett & Co., Messrs. Evans, Schwinger & Co., and Messrs. J. A. Bliss and Frederick Smith to whom we return thanks for valued aid in our undertaking. TONAWANDA. THE reader will find in the notices which follow a representation of the best enterprise, progress and development of Tonawanda. To those who are interested in the Lumber trade in any of its de- partments 'these articles will convey more information than can possibly be derived collectively from any other source. The facts embodied are far from being exaggerated, and fail even in doing justice to the industry and perseverance which characterizes this community. 'We commend these articles to the special attention of those who may be interested in this important branch of trade, and regret that our space does not afford opportunity for further elaboration. J. A. BLISS, Manufacturer of Shingles, Tonawanda It not unfrequently occurs that a particular section of country derives its importance, and becomes conspicuously prominent on account of some special department of trade, or leading article of commerce. Tonawanda so far from being an exception to this rule, is a remarkable illustration of it. Mention the name of Tonawanda, and visions of Timber, acres of Lumber and an army of saw-mills, planing-mills, shingle-mills, and all that appertains to or is involved in wood and its products, will rise before the mind. The capital involved is exceedingly large, and the annual productions exceed those of any locality (with two excep- tions) in the United States. Among the prominent houses in Tonawanda, and which may properly be termed one of the pioneers in the business, is that of Mr. J. A. Bliss, manufacturer of and dealer in Sawed and Cut Shingles. He embarked in this business as far back as 1858. His finances were not of an encourag- ing character, he having but fifteen cents in his pocket, and no other resources but the possession of an indomitable will, a practical knowledge of his business, energy and in- dustry, which in his case proved the harbinger of success, resulted in the accumulation of capital figuring the hand- some sum of fifty thousand dollars. This business has assumed large proportions, requiring the occupancy of two Mills, the larger covering an area of 125x60 feet, the smaller 60x40 feet. The machinery is com- plete, embracing all the latest improvements, among which are three Cutting Machines (capacity fifty thousand each daily); five Trevor Machines; one 12-block Rotary Machine (capacity two hundred and fifty thousand); also, one 78- inch-diameter cross-cut Circular Saw — -inserted teeth — the largest in the world. Two Steam Engines are required, 120 and 50-horse power respectively; while one hundred and fifty.hands are employed in the several departments. His product, which amounts to one hundred and fifty thousand dollars annually, finds a ready market in New York, New England and Pennsylvania. The Shingles produced by this house rank among the best, and have secured a high reputation in the market; and the personal supervision of Mr. Bliss over his business en- terprise insures a uniform standard in the future, equal to that which, in the past, has built up the name that the products of the Mill enjoy, and which, from their merits and the efforts of Mr. S. C. Woodruff — head salesman — have become so widely known throughout the country. Mr. J. A. Bliss is a native of Bristol, Ontario County, N. Y., and was born June 22d, 1827, and came to Tona- wanda in 1848. His popularity may be inferred from the fact that he was elected Mayor of this place seven times in twelve years. He has always occupied a prominent positii m in advancing the growth and general prosperity of the place, and may be justly considered as one of the represen- tative business men of Tonawanda. The facts, to which we have referred, are the best gua- rantee, that whoever may effect commercial transactions with him, can do so with the confidence that their best in- terests will be conserved. In this connection we may remark that Mr. J. A. Blis> is the senior member of the firm of Bliss & Smith (of this place), dealers in Michigan Pine Lumber, Spars, etc., to which reference has already been nade. See advertisement elsewhere. YINCENT & HITTEL, Planing Mill; Wholesale and Commission Lumber; Lumber Receivers, Dressers and Shippers, Tona- wanda. Among the numerous enterprising Lumber Dealers of Tonawanda the firm of Vincent & Hittel holds a prominent place, having had a lengthened experience and become thoroughly conversant with every detail and requirement of their business. Prompt and reliable in their dealings, it is no wonder that they have attained to such popularity , and that success has attended their efforts to so large a degree. During the year 1879 their business increased at a rapid ratio, the present year opening out to them increased avenues of trade; but one of those unforeseen accidents happened which, for the time being, checked their progress. On the twentieth of February last their mill was totally destroyed by fire, but they immediately set about rebuild- ing their present new structure, which covers 65x65 feet and is built in a most substantial manner, is equipped with the best modern machinery and every convenience to do work rapidly and well. The grounds cover an area of 175x340 feet, upon which side-tracks are laid, connecting with the New York Central and Erie Railroads, while they have a frontage on Niagara river of 475 feet. With such facilities, added to their practical experience, energy and reliability, they undoubtedly will maintain and increase the patronage heretofore liberally bestowed and deservedly secured. Their trade is an extended one, reaching all over the New England States and elsewhere. The members of this firm have been associated in this enterprise since 1873; while Mr. Vincent was one of the pioneers in this region in the Lumber trade. They are practical, judicious and enterprising men, and, judging from their past success and their present facilities, it is not too much to prophecy for them a prosperous future. We risk little in saving that whoever may patronize the firm of Vincent & Hittel will find them prompt and reliable in all their dealings. See advertisement elsewhere. 156 BUFFALO AND ENVRIONS. COWPER & GREGORY, Forwarders and Commission Lumber Dealers, tonawanda. Another well known house, engaged as Forwarders and Commission Lumber Dealers, in Tonawanda, is that of Messrs. Cowper & Gregory, which was established in 1875, with an ample capital and unlimited facilities for forwarding consignments of lumber, etc., etc., either by canal or rail, one of their docks having a switch of the New York Cen- tral Railroad running upon it. The premises of the firm are situated on Tonawanda Creek and Niagara River. They possess a dock frontage of over eighteen hundred feet, and are exceptionally well suited for the business, which extends over New York, the Eastern States, Michigan and Canada. The senior partner is a native of New Brunswick, Canada, and was born in 1849, while the junior member is from Ithaca, Tompkins county, N. Y., where he was born in 1848. The reputation enjoyed by this concern for the expedit- ious and discerning manner in which they conduct all busi- ness intrusted to them, merits the approbation of those with whom they have effected relations, and tends to pro- mote the annual increase of their business. Both members of this firm being in the prime of life, agressive and energetic in business they control, it is not too much to say or anticipate, that a prosperous future awaits them, and that they will at least keep pace with cotempo- raneous concerns engaged as forwarding and commission lumber dealers. See advertisement elsewhere. GOODRICH & BILLINGER, Receivers and Forwarders of Lumber, Tonawanda. The above firm was established in 1878, and entered at once upon the transaction of a business as Receivers and Forwarders of Pine Lumber, Laths, Shingles, etc. The resources of the firm were amply sufficient for the trade contemplated, and in the possession of unusual facilities for shipping both by canal and rail, the business increased to such an extent that in 1870 no less than eighty million feet of Lumber were handled by the concern, which controls a dock frontage on the Niagara river of two thousand eight hundred feet. For promptness and energy in the prosecution of their trade, this firm has already established a favorable and widely extended reputation, and is highly commended to Eastern buyers as a medium through which to obtain their supplies from the West. Mr. E. Goodrich, the senior partner, is originally from New York City, where he was born in 1845, but came from Bay City, Mich., to Tonawanda in 1877. Mr. A. A. Bel- linger, the junior member of the firm, was born in Buffalo 1850, having been a resident of this place, however, since 1859. Both members of the house are thoroughly posted in the transportation and freightage of Lumber, and may be re- garded as prompt, reliable and active agents for the success- ful fulfillment of the responsible duties which they assume. See advertisement elsewhere. P. W. SCRIBNER, Shipping and Commission Lumber Dealer, Insur- ance Agent, &c. The remarkable growth of the Lumber trade and contin- gent industries in Tonawanda, during the past decade, has placed it in a position and given it a prominence that de- mands a detailed description at our hands, aside from that of a general character, which will be found elsewhere in this work. Of those engaged in mercantile or trade operations, whom it becomes our duty to note, we must call attention to the dual enterprise of Mr. P. W. Scribner, who is engaged not only in the Lumber trade, as a Shipper and Commission Dealer, but devotes considerable attention to Fire and Marine Underwriting, representing in this capacity mai.y of the most substantial, solvent and trustworthy Insurance Companies operating in this state; a list of which herewith will fully substantiate this statement: Liverpool, London and Globe; Queen's Insurance Co., Liverpool, England; Hamburg-Magdeburg Insurance Co., Hamburg, Germany; Providence-Washington Insurance Co.; Security Insurance Co., New Haven, Conn.; representing in all cash assets of over thirty-eight million of dollars, not including those of The Orient Mutual Insurance Co., of New York, and the New England Underwriters' Organization, for the assump- tion of Marine and Inland risks. With such facilities in this branch of his business, Mr. Scribner is enabled to offer perfect security, absolute indemnity and the prompt ad- justment of losses. In the other department of his operations the means for the successful prosecution of the trade are hardly less copious. His dockage on the Niagara river extends about twelve hundred feet, affording every convenience for trans- shipment, being connected directly with the New York Central and Erie Rail Roads, and the Erie Canal. The business transacted annually is a very extensive one, em- bracing within its range Rochester, Syracuse, Troy, Albany, New York and many other points. A native of Tarrytown, this state, where he was born in 1834, Mr. Scribner came to Tonawanda and commenced operations in 1874. His energy, enterprise and industry have led to a substantial success, a success as richly de- served as it has been honestly achieved. See advertisement elsewhere. E. MORS & CO., Wholesale and Retail Dealers and Commission Merchants in Round and Square Oak and Pine Lumber, Tonawanda. Another of those extensive enterprises in the Lumber trade, for which Tonawanda has attained a wide repute, is that of E. Mors & Co., who carry on operations here under the management of F. J. Fellows, to the extent of from five to ten million feet per annum. The headquarters of the firm are at West Troy, New York, but the advantages presented by Tonawanda as a tran- shipping port, are such as to have led to the establishment of this Branch, for greater convenience in the transaction of the business. Wholesale and Retail Dealers, as well as operators on Commission, the attention of the firm is mainly directed to a business in Round and Square Oak and Pine Timber, which is procured mostly in Michigan, is of the best quality known to the trade, and can be handled and sold more cheaply at this point than any other. Mr. F. J. Fellows, who, as before remarked, is the resident representative of the firm, is also United States Custon House Officer at this point and has secured the general esteem by the prompt, liberal and reliable manner in which he executes all orders devolving upon him. The firm (which was originated by Mors ii McDougal), is not less favorably regarded. They employ a considerable force of operatives in their work here, and are entitled to the consideration of the trade, who find assured advantages by the establishment of relations with this house. The stock carried will average about three million feet of timber, and is sufficiently diversified to meet all demands in the special direction taken by this popular firm. ROMER & VIELHAUER, Tonawanda Planing Mill. The enormous Lumber trade which is carried on at this point, between the great timber producing districts of the Lakes and the entire Eastern and Middle States, makes it an unusually favorable one for the establishment of any business involving a manufacture having this material as its basis. In this respect, therefore, the house of Messrs. Romer & Vielhauer is possessed of many advantages and conveniences, which enable it to prosecute the Planing Mill business with more than ordinary success. This firm was organized in 1875, an d began with a small capital (but considerable previous experience) the manufac- ture of Doors, Blinds, Shutters, Window Frames, Flooring, Siding, Mouldings, and in short all kinds of material enter- ing into the construction of houses. ■ The plant is excellently located for shipping purposes, possessing a frontage of eight hundred feet upon the Tonawanda creek, and containing a mill occupying an area of 40x60 feet, and other buildings covering a surface of three thousand square feet. Fifteen employes are engaged by the firm in its operations, and a 12-horse power steam engine, with surplus boiler capacity, is required to operate the machinery in use, all of which is of the most improved modern design for wood-working purposes. From the time of its establishment till the present the business has been marked by a constant and steady increase, the capital has been considerably enlarged, and by the energy and industry of the proprietors a trade has been established which em- braces many of the principal points in the state. Of the individual members of the firm, Mr. I. J. Romer is a native of New York City, born in 1828, and, until re- cently, a resident of Buffalo for half a century. Mr. Viel- BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS *57 hauer comes from Germany, where he was born in the same year as his partner. He has resided in Tonawanda and Buffalo for a number of years, and it is not too much to say that both possess an unusual aptitude for the business, over which they exercise the closest supervision. Dealers and others at a distance will find their account in corresponding with this firm, as many advantages in price and otherwise are certain to accrue to them from such a connection. As an evidence of the estimation in which this firm and their work is held, we may cite the fact that they have now draughts and plans for furnishing a large new church in Brooklyn, N. Y.; the architect being L. B. Volk, 229 Broadway, New York. See advertisement elsewhere. J. H. DeGRAFF, Dealer in Lumber, Tonawanda. It is a noticeable fact that, from the eligible situation of the place, the trade of Tonawanda has turned to Lumber (the most staple article of commerce), and has more capital invested in it between the pine lands of Michigan and the port of debarkation than any other commercial commodity. Several houses of high commercial standing are largely interested in it, and turn over during the course of a season many millions of feet. Among other houses extensively engaged in the business will be found that of Mr. J. H. DeGraff, who was born in Onondaga county in this state, and came to Tonawanda in 1854. He commenced dealing in Lumber, Logs and long Timber in 1862, and his business has since been extended until it has become one of the largest in the place. He owns Pine lands in Michigan, from whence he obtains his supply. This he transports to his yards at Tonawanda, where the demand for the article is at all times brisk and lively. Mr. DeGraff's office is located at the store of B. H. Neff, on Main street, and here facilities are at all times offered to purchasers for the transaction of business connected in any way with the trade, to which he has for so many years de- voted his energies and attention. He always carries a large stock on hand, which at the present time amounts to three million feet; this combines all the different sorts, lengths and sizes necessary or suitable for trade requirements. The capital invested in the business is necessarily very large, and the trade done is correspondingly so, the sales during last season in Timber and Lumber amounting to eighty-three thousand dollars. With a lengthened exper- ience, a command of capital_ sufficient for all his require- ments, and possessing, both in Michigan and Tonawanda, every facility necessary for doing an unlimited amount of business. Mr. DeGraff will doubtless long retain that high commercial standing and business prosperity which becomes his, due by energetic action and probity in his dealings. FREDERICK SMITH, Manufacturer and Dealer in Oak and Pine Bridge and Building Timber, Tonawanda. The enterprise displayed by those engaged in the Lumber business at Tonawanda has been, and is of such an active and aggressive character as to center at this point an enor- mous trade, and give every assurance of rapid increase and development. Many operators in this direction are now transacting a business that involves a large amount of capital, and results in a product, the dimensions of which are almost colossal. Among such, Mr. Frederick Smith must be accorded a con- spicuous and justly prominent position, as one of Tor.awan- da's pioneers in this line of industry. The business con- ducted by Mr. Smith was originated by him in 1859, with an extremely limited capital and resources, and facilities exces- sively meagre. The admirable location for the trade, how- ever, and the native talent and industry of its founder, soon caused the business to flourish, and especially within the last ten years a success has attended the enterprise almost as- tonishing. The plant of Mr. Smith is located on the Tonawanda Creek, adjacent to the New York Central and Erie railroads, with which it has connecting tracks that run immediately into the premises, and also convenient to the Erie Canal, by which shipments are also made, while for the receipt of Lumber by Lake, the site possesses unequaled facilities. This plant covers an area of about three acres and contains a Saw-Mill, covering a surface 172x58 feet, fitted up and equipped with the very best modern machinery, amongst which we note two circular saws, one steam engine, 140-horse power (the largest in this place), having a battery of boilers with additional capacity, besides Stearns' new improved block ior straightening timber (this being the only one of its size in the State), an operation which it performs with won- derful ease and rapidity. Indeed, so far has Mr. Smith gone in securing every advantageous appliance as to have spent twelve thousand dollars in new machinery last year. This mill and property is considered one of the most com- plete and extensive in Tonawanda, its value being estimated at about fifty thousand dollars. Here an average force of fifty-five find continual employment at an expense to the house of about four hundred dollars per week. Four pair of horses, wagons, sleds, etc., being also in constant requisition. Ten million feet of Lumber of all kinds are handled here annually and a trade is transacted over the States of Now Jersey, New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Connecti- cut and other localities in the Eastern and Middle States. The business embraces Lumber and Timbers of all kinds, special attention being paid to the manufacture of Oak and Pine Bridge and Building; also, furnishing for Boats and Vessels, Timber, Lath, Pickets and all kinds of Timber and rough Lumber; and Bills sawed to order and cut to desired shapes and dimensions. The clerical department is under the charge of Mr. C. T. Rossow, Book-keeper, who for ten years has occupied his present position with credit to himself, and advantage to his employer. Mr. Frederick Smith is of Prussian origin, and was born in 1835; having accompanied his parents to this country in 1844, he settled in Tonawanda in 1851, and commenced, as before stated, his present business in 1859, in which he has ever since been engaged. Mr. Smith is also a member of the firm of Bliss & Smith, who are also identi- fied with the same industry (and of whom we speak else- where), and is widely known in the Lumber trade as one who has done no little to establish it upon the present satis- factory basis. In all respects Mr. Smith is entitled to the highest credit; he may properly be regarded as a self-made man and those having business relations with his house can fully verify our statements and confirm the reputation which it enjoys. See advertisement elsewhere. A. G. KENT, Lumber, Tonawanda. One of the oldest and most esteemed men in the Lumber trade in Tonawanda is Mr. A. G. Kent, who has been en- gaged in the business for many years. He is a dealer in Oak and Pine Logs and Timber, of all kinds, saws Timber to order, and gives special attention to Pile driving and Dock building. In this latter part of his business he has great experience, and his working appliances are of the most modern and improved kind which can be obtained for the purpose. His place of business is at corner of Webster and Fremont streets, and here he has every convenience for doing an unlimited amount of trade. Mr. Kent, who is a native of this state, having been born at Rome in 1822, came to Tonawanda in 1825, and began business as above so long ago as 1851, with sufficient capital for his wants; which, combined with commendable energy, indomitable perseverance and a thorough knowledge of his business, was the basis of his present prosperity and has led to the prominent standing he now occupies among dealers in Lumber. ... From fifteen to forty hands are employed in the various departments of his extensive business, which varies with the seasons and the consequent fluctuations of trade. When navigation is closed in winter the Lumber market is, com- paratively speaking, stagnant, and only sufficient hands are retained to attend to the limited local orders. Mr. Kent's operations are very large locally, and likewise extend to Lockport, Rochester, Troy, Buffalo, Canada, and all along the Erie canal to the various ports, in all of which places his business associations are of the most satisfactory kind, and his responsibility and capacity bear the highest character. HOWES & EVANS, Planing Mill, near Railroad Depot, Tonawanda. Carefully exploring the industrial resources and advan- tages of Tonawanda, we cannot omit some comment upon the enterprise of Howes & Evans, who are engaged in the Planing Mill business with a success that entitles them to recognition in this work. Succeeding the house of Skidd & Evans more than a year ago, the above firm began operations with a limited capital, but a thorough knowledge of the business, as shown by the fact that it has already increased to a very consider- aole extent. i58 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. The premises occupied by the firm are located near the junction of the Lockport and the Erie Railroads; the grounds being 150x200 feet in dimensions, the Mill occupy- ing a superficial area of 50x120 feet. This Mill is well sup- plied with machinery, all of which is of improved, modern design, and is operated by one steam engine of 35-horse power, the products being Rough and Dressed Lumber of all kinds for building purposes. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. L. D. Howes and J. P. Evans; the former being a native of Owego, N. Y., born November, 1848, the latter coming here from Fort Ann, Washington Co., N. Y., and was born in Tompkins County, 1833. Thoroughly familiar with the bi ..ess in which it is engaged, and taking an active part in all its practical de- tails, the firm is prepared to compete with any in offering substantial advantages to the trade, and is highly esteemed as being prompt, reliable and liberal in all its operations. Everything in their line can be furnished on short notice. See advertisement elsewhere. E. EVANS & SONS, Dealers in Masts, Canada and Michigan Round Timber; Tugs for Raft Towing, Tonawanda. One of the oldest houses in Tonawanda engaged in the timber trade, having been established in 1861, by Evans, Kilmaster & Co., that of E. Evans & Sons is entitled to more than brief mention in these pages. Having conducted business under the first firm title from 1861 to November, 1877, the style changed to that of Evans, Yocom & Com- pany, who were finally succeeded, January 1st, 1880, by the present concern. Few houses in this place enjoy better facilities for the transaction of an extensive business in Canada and Michi- gan Round Timber and Masts of every description than E. Evans & Sons, nor offer more favorable inducements in the matter of Towing and Rafting, by tugs constructed especi- ally for this purpose. The plant of the firm is most availably situated for the business, and possesses a frontage on Tonawanda Creek of fifteen hundred feet, being, also, contiguous to lake, rail- ways and canal. Here numerous employes find occupation in handling and caring for a stock that averages between two and three million feet, and in aiding the prosecution of the business, which last year amounted to over eighty thousand dollars. One large vessel and numerous small crafts, tugs, etc., are owned and controlled by the firm, in transporting timber for itself as well as others, a considerable part of the trade being in this direction. The individual members of the house are £. Evans, H. H. and J. E. Evans (the former being of the firm of Evans, Schwinger & Co., bankers), all of whom possess a thorough, practical knowledge of the work in which they are engaged. The relations of the firm extend over a wide territory, embracing Albany, Troy, New York City, Boston, Roches- ter, etc., while a large amount of the sales are entirely local. The influence exercised by this house in the promotion of the lumber trade at Tonawanda, has been of the most salutary and useful character, and has led, in no small de- gree, to the promotion of an kidustry which seems destined to become one of the most important in the State. Dealers establishing a connection with this house may depend upon receiving prompt and liberal treatment, and such marked advantages as can, with difficulty, be dupli- cated elsewhere. P. S. HUMPHREY, General Insurance Agent, Corner Main and South Canal Streets, Tonawanda, N. Y. In submitting to our readers a detailed description of the industries of Tonawanda, it must not be forgotten, though the lumber business is the controlling trade interest, there are other necessary enterprises, which demand our attention. Of such, that of the underwriter affording stability and security against the disasters of wreck and conflagration is of the highest importance, and engaged in this distinctive department of the business we find Mr. P. S. Humphrey, who transacts three-fourths of all the insurance done at this port. For many years a resident of Tonawanda, and thoroughly posted in all matters that should be familiar to the under- writer, Mr. Humphrey has become the agent and represen- tative of a number of the most prominent and solvent Fire and Marine Companies, American and English, now extant. In verification of this statement, we submit as follows a list of insurance organizations, which must be regarded, all in all, as unequaled for the prompt adjustment of losses and certain indemnity under all equitable circumstances: Home Insurance Company, of New York; incorporated 1853; capital, $3,000,000; gross assets, $6,410,988; losses paid since establishment, $29,980,584. North British & Mercantile Insurance Company, of Lon- don, England; incorported by Royal Charter, 1810; assets in United States, $1,844,598. This Company paid for losses in the Chicago and Boston great fires $2,400,000, besides con- tributing to the relief of sufferers. Fire Association of Philadelphia; organized 1817; assets, $4,165,717; one of the oldest and most reliable companies in this country. The Buffalo German Insurance Company; organized 1864; assets, $781,062.46; net surplus over all liabilites, $421,- 022.96. Hanover Insurance Company, New York; incorported 1852; assets, $1,650,700. Lancashire Insurance Company, of Manchester, England; organized 1837; commenced business in the United States in 1872, and has accumulated assets in this country to the amount of $879,899. German American Insurance Company, of New York; capital, $1,000,000; gross assets, $2,619,369; a ve y strong and reliable company, of which Mr. Humphrey has recently assumed the agency. The Peoples' Insurance Company, of Newark, N. J.; incorporated 1866; cash assets, $501,455. United Firemen, of Philadelphia; organized i860; assets, $672,777. St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Compaq, of St. Paul, Minnesota; cash assets, $857,681. And Lamar Insur- ance Company, of New York, with assets $375,913; the last two named issuing joint policies on canal cargoes. These companies represent an aggregate available accu- mulation of over $20,700,000, and we are compelled to admit that few underwriters, even in the most opulent cities, represent so vast a capital in the prosecution of their business. In addition to the foregoing, Mr. Humphrey is agent for the only strictly Life and Accident Insurance Company in the United States, viz: The Travelers' Life and Accident Company, of Hartford, an organization whose usefulness is daily -reasing at this point. With such almost unparalleled advantages, it is not sur- prising that Mr. Humphrey is enabled to transact a business in every way satisfactory to his clients as well as to himself and the organizations whose interests at Tonawanda are vested in his hands. In addition to his other duties, Mr. Humphrey is at pres- ent Collector of Customs at this port, and is in every capacity a man of enterprise, action and ability. A native of Tonawanda, where he born in 1851, his career has been eminently successful, and his efforts have proved of general benefit to the community. TONAWANDA PIPE WORKS, Manufacturers of the Wyckoff Patent Water and Gas Pipe, Tonawanda. In examining into the interests and resources of Tona- wanda it becomes our duty to note one industry which, en- tirely unique in its way, stands alone, there being but one other cotemporaneous concern of the kind in this country. We allude by this reference to the Tonawanda Pipe Works, where the manufacture of the Wyckoff Patent Water and Gas Pipe is carried on by this concern upon a successful and extended scale. The particularly advantageous posi- tion of Tonawanda, upon which we have detailed else- where, makes it of all points one most favorable for the prosecution of any enterprise involving the use of Timber. Availing himself of these advantages, Mr. I. S. Hobbie in 1857 established the concern in question, which after one or two changes still remains under his management, the above title being adopted. The plant covers an area of about four acres, and has been judiciously located with a view to convenience in the receipt of Lumber by lake, and the shipment of products by lake, railroads and canal. The building where the man- ufacture is carried on alone occupies a surface area of more than one acre, the same being admirably supplied with wood-working machinery, patented and expressly invented for the manufacture of this pipe. A 60-horse-power steam engine, with large surplus boiler capacity, is required to operate this mechanism, while thirty-five hands find em- ployment in the works. The product consists of Wooden Piping of all dimensions adapted expressly for Water, Gas, and extremely useful as casing for Steam pipes. This tubing is manufactured in the most ingenioi'S manner, the method of construction being so exact and admirable as to preserve the core of large pipe, which is again used for the manufacture of that of smaller dimensions. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 159 The circulars issued by the concern contain hundreds of testimonials with regard to the lasting efficacy and useful- ness of this material for Water and Gas conveyance. It is shown conclusively, and is proved by the highest authori- ties in engineering and practical mechanics, that the Wyckoff Pipe is not only capable of standing any reasonable pressure such as required in the Holly Water system, but also possesses that durability which gives it avast superi- ority over metal, making on this account the cheapest piping extant. Certain other claims have been made for it, which are also equally well established in the line of purity, as a con- ductor, anti-freezing qualities, elasticity, convenience in tapping and laying, besides other advantages of a like char- acter. Our space does not permit us to enter into the various patented processes for the manufacture of the product, but it becomes obvious upon a careful examination that its de- sirability and usefulness is based upon naturally philosophic principles that cannot be gainsaid. The introduction of this article has been attended with signal success, and an extensive trade has been established over all the New England and a large number of the West- tern and Middle States. Mr. Hobbie, the originator of the business in Tonawanda, was born in Duchess County (this State) 1820, and though, as before stated, he established the plant here in 1857, he did not make this place his permanent residence until two years ago. We dislike the employment of superlatives from a natural apprehension of seeming to exaggerate, but in this case, after a thorough examination of its claims, we are obliged to confess that the Wyckoff Patent Piping is the best in all respects for the purposes to which it is applied than any with which we are acquainted. Farmers, Tanners, Engineers for Water and Gas Works, and others interested, will find it greatly to their advantage to investigate the truth of the foregoing statements, all facts being readily obtainable by addressing the Tonawanda Pipe Works, Tonawanda, Erie Co., N. Y. See advertisement elsewhere. ALEXANDER McBEAN, Manufacturer and General Dealer in Timber and Lumber, Tonawanda. WHiiJf our attention is directed to the Lumber business of Tonawanda, of which a copious editorial account will be found elsewhere, we do not feel at liberty to evade a cordial recognition of the enterprise of Mr. Alexander McBean, who established himself here in 1872, and commenced operations as a general dealer in Timber and Lumber. Beginning upon a comparatively small scale, the business during the last eight years has grown to very extensive proportions, involving the manufacture of Bridge, Building and Ship Timber, Spars, Oak and Pine, Backing for Frames, Shingles, Laths, Siding, Ceiling, Flooring, and all sorts of Kiln-dried and Boat-building material. Some idea may be gained of the dimensions of the busi- ness from the fact that two million feet of Timber are in stock at the present time, while the capacity averages about six million feet annually. The plant, which is situated on the Tonawanda Creek and Erie Canal, occupies about five acres, the Mill alone having a superficial area of 60x120 feet, where from fifteen to thirty operatives find constant employment, and a 55-horse- power steam engine, with boiler of requisite capacity, is required to drive the machinery. The business is divided into two departments, viz: that which pertains to Boat Building and that connected with the Mill. VVith reference to the latter it may be stated that the ma- chinery with which it is equipped embraces all the latest modern improvements for securing perfection and rapidity, no expense having been spared to make this Mill as com- plete as possible. Assisted by Mr. C. W. Watkins, agent and salesman, Mr. McBean has established a trade of wide extent, ranging all over the States, chiefly through the East, and largely in New York, Boston and Philadelphia. Originally from Canada, Mr. McBean acquired a large experience in the Lumber business before coming here from Michigan in 1871, and is one of a family, all of whom are prominent in the Lumber trade. Besides conducting the operations in Tonawanda, to which we have alluded, a large business is carried on at Bradford, Pa., where a branch yard was established in 1876. In addition to the large interests already alluded to, Mr. McBean has a well equipped Saw-mill in Tawas City, Lake Michigan, having a capacity of thirteen million feet annu- ally with docking facilities connected therewith for four million feet. All the long Timber for his Tonawanda and Bradford business is manufactured from his own Pine Lands, while the short Logs are cut at the Tawas Mills in Stock Lumber, and are sold in all parts of the United States. Mr. McBean has also under erection a Salt Works in con- nection with the Tawas Mills, the capacity of which will be one hundred and fifty barrels daily, and from the forego- ing some slight conception may be had of the large interests owned by Mr. McBean. To the advancement of these his well-known business tact and energy are directed. His success and facilities, as well as the honorable character of his dealings, have placed him on a par with any of his cotemporaries, and enable him to offer advantages to the trade not readily secured else- where. BLISS & SMITH, Dealers in Michigan Pine Lumber, Spars, etc., Tonawanda. " A threefold cord is not easily broken." This adage, or figure of speech, is equently used when we desire to convey the idea of strength, tenacity or power; combina- tions whether in the political, social or commercial avenues of life, are alike indicative of strength and influence, either for good, or its opposite, according to the principles by which they are governed, or the foundations upon which they are laid. The above remarks are pertinent in their application to the firm of Bliss & Smith, not only as involved in their firm connection, but from the fact that each one separately controls distinct enterprises, which become feeders or accessory aids to this joint enterprise — J. A. Bliss having extensive Shingle Mills and Frederick Smith equally large and extensive Saw Mills, also Dealer in Lumber and Bill Stuff, Oak, Pine, Lath. etc. This triple cord is a strong one; bound together by capital, experience, facilities and energy, it is proof against the severest strain, and equal to all emergencies. The firm of Bliss & Smith, Timber Deal- ers, was organized in 1877 to import Timber from North Shore, Michigan to Tonawanda. In 1878 they brought to this place five million feet, in 1879 seven million feet, in 1880 expect to reach ten million feet, and from such figures, the magnitude of their business may be inferred. During the Winter they employ some one hundred and fifty hands, lessening their force during Summer. Their products find a ready market in Michigan and New York State. Mr. S. C. Hosmer has charge of the clerical and sales de- partments of their business, and is specially qualified for the responsible position he holds. As stated in other notices in this work, Mr. J. A. Bliss is a native of Ontario County, N. Y., while Mr. Frederick Smith is a native of Germany; both, however, are old resi- dents of Tonawanda and have done much to advance the best interests of the place. See advertisement elsewhere. TONAWANDA ENGINE AND MACHINE CO., General Machinists and Iron Founders, Tona- wanda. A description of the industries of Tonawanda would be far from complete without some mention, at least, of the Tonawanda Engine and Machine Works, which, established here in 1873 by James Armitage, Allen and George Her- schell, has sprung into considerable prominence, and is pro- motive to no small degree of the general welfare of this community. Commencing with a capital entirely inadequate to the es- tablishment of an extensive plant, the Company has been obliged to augment their original resources by degrees, but so successful, however, have they been in this, that at pres- ent their plant is the largest of the kind in Tonawanda, having a productive capacity more in keeping with the de- mands made upon the resources of the Company. This plant is located on Oliver street, near the railroad depot, and occupies three-quarters of an acre, containing several buildings; one 30x90 feet in area, with a wing twenty- five by thirty feet, and a Foundry thirty by fifty feet in area, besides other structures. Twenty-one mechan- ics and others find employment in this establishment, which is replete with all the requisite machinery, including Found- ing Apparatus, Trip Hammers, Planes, Lathes, Screw Cut- ters, Steam Punches and all the mechanism necessary for the manufacture of Steam Engines, Mill Gearing and Shaft- ing of all kinds, Hoisting Machinery, Chocks, Cleats, Wind- lasses, Center-board Winches, Agricultural Machinery, such as Straw Cutters, Cider Mills, etc., and Horse Powers. A 30-horse power Steam Engine with additional boiler capac- i6o BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. ity, is required to operate this machinery, and the entire establishment is under the constant supervision of the part- ners, all of whom are practical and expert mechanicians. In the line of Brass and Iron Founding the firm is prepared to execute all kinds of work to order, having special facili- ties in this direction and for the construction of all requisite Patterns. The senior partner, Mr. James Armitage, was born in England in 1842, while Messrs. Allen and George Herschell are of Scotch origin, the former born in 1851, and the latter in 1846. By a thorough knowledge of the business, and by enter- prise and capacity, they have succeeded in building up a trade, which, though being largely local, has extended over several of the adjacent and Western States. In all respects the Tonawanda Machine Works occupies a first-class position, both with reference to the character of its products, which are invariably superior, and the admira- ble principles upon which it is conducted. PETER MISNER, Dealer and Commission Merchant in Square and Round Timber, Tonawanda. In speaking of the Lumber interests of Tonawanda, which form the staple industry of the place, we are pleased to alude to the enterprise of Peter Misner, who has for many years occupied an active if not prominent position in this trade, dealing largely, direct or on commission, in Square and Round Timber of Oak and Pine, for Ship-building and other purposes. The premises of Mr. Misner are located on the Niagara river, on which they present a frontage of twenty-five hundred feet between the creek and canal, con- tiguous to th« railroads, and enjoying all the advantages conferred by such admirable means of transportation. A native of Canada, where he was born in 1818, Mr. Misner came to Tonawanda in 1853, and is consequently one of the pioneers in the Lumber trade at this point. When the business was first established by him at that time his resources were limited, but have been since gradually increasing, until they are now equal to all the demands of a trade amounting to over twenty-five thousand dollars an- ' nually. The average force of employes is fifteen, and Mr. Willie L. Misner, son of ih^ proprietor, takes charge of the books and clerical department. Though the business was originated by Mr. Misner alone, he afterwards contracted a partnership, which changed the title of the house to Misner & McDougall, which was after- wards dissolved, the senior partner resuming the entire con- trol. With the facilities possessed by this house for the transaction of the business it may be readily perceived that it is in a position to accord marked advantages to the trade, particularly in the receiving and rafting of Timber, and in the specialties before referred to. A residence of twenty-seven years in this place, engaged without deviation from it in his vocation, has given Mr.., Misner a reputation and experience that inspires the general confidence of the public and insures him a fair share of the trade. The office of Mr. Misner is between the canal and Tonawanda creek, near railroad bridge, Main street. A. B. WILLIAMS, Manufacturer and Dealer in Oak and Pine Bridge and Building Timber, etc., Tonawanda. Another of those heavy operators and manufacturers in the Lumber trade that have made Tonawanda conspicuous in this department of industry, is Mr. A. B. Williams, who established himself in 1865, succeeding Mr. Crandel, who had originated the business in 1850. The premises are lo- cated on Ellicott Creek, and embrace about ten acres, pos- sessing an admirable water frontage, and two Mills, the Saw Mill covering an area of 175x26 feet, and the Planing Mill 40x60 feet and having two stories, besides which a depart- ment for Boat-building is in operation. Both of these Mills are fully supplied with the best modern machinery, * the same being run by two engines of 50 and 70-horse power respectively, and three boilers. Twenty men find employment on this plant, which contains two and a quarter million feet of Stock Lumber and half a million feet of Sawed Lumber.consisting of Oak and Pine Bridge and Building Timber, White Oak Plank, Pine Lumber — dressed andunlressed — Scantling, Joists, Lath, Pickets, etc., etc., etc. Special attention is here directed to the cutting of large Bridge and Boat Timber and dressing of same, as well as Planking for Vessels; the total business amounting to three hundred and fifty thousand dollars annually. The location which the establishment occupies is admira- bly suited for shipment by Rail and Canal eastward, and the receipt of Lumber from the Lake. Mr. Williams is a native of Buffalo, where he was born in 1836. He has achieved a first class position in the trade, as well as in the community, having been elected Supervisor on two terms. In charge of the books and clerical department we find Mr. A. H. Crown, an expert in his vocation, who has held this responsible position for more than five years. The house is, in many respects, one of the most favorably regarded concerns in the trade; its facilities for the manu- facture of all kinds of Timber are unsurpassed, and dealers and others will find it to their interest in making purchases, to consult or address A. B. Williams, Tonawanda, N. Y. A conspicuous evidence of the business tact and discern- ment of the proprietor of the aforesaid Mills, is the fact that the surplus power has been made available, and been brought into requisition for the Grinding of Grain of all kinds, with the power and facilities to do this on an extensive scale; great advantage to the surrounding country and personal pecuniary profit to the owner will doubtless accrue. See advertisement elsewhere. SMITH, FASSETT & CO., Wholesale Dealers in and Forwarders of ^um- ber, Tonawanda. In commenting upon the interests of commerce or trade which center in Tonawanda, we do so with more readiness and propriety, as that town is within the environment of Buffalo, and as such is the nearest and most important point. Especially is this true with reference to the Lumber busi- ness which is carried on here upon a scale that is simply astonishing, the more so as it must be remembered that only within the past decade has this town sprung into the prominence which it has acquired. Of the numerous firms engaged here in the Lumber trade, that of Smith, Fassett & Co. is entitled to more than passing recognition in this work, as being not only eminent in this line of operations, but noteworthy as conducting a business of almost colossal magnitude. The natural as well as the acquired facilities of the firm for the prosecution of the trade, are perhaps unsurpassed in this country. Their plant which is situated on the Niagara river, covers an area of over ten acres, and possesses a dock frontage of sixteen hundred feet. In addition to a position so advantageous with reference to the receipt of Lumber by lake from the North and North- west, the firm possesses railroad tracks and sidings travers- ing the entire length, and connecting with the New York Central Railroad, by means of which a rapid transportation to the East is promptly available. At this point the firm carries a stock of from five to eight million feet of Lumber, and here an annual trade is trans- acted of from fifty to eighty million feet of Lumber, besides from twenty to thirty million shingles, and other stuff in proportion. Some idea may be gained of the magnitude of the opera- tions conducted by this house, from the fact that at times one hundred and fifty men find employment in the work, which has involved as much as twenty-five million five hundred and eighty thousand feet of Lumber in one month, a striking evidence of the resources controlled by the house. This house was organized in 1874 by the co-partnership of Messrs. James R. Smith, Theodore S. Fassett and James A. Fassett, with a capital of from one hundred to one hun- dred and fifty thousand dollars. Of these gentlemen we may add that the senior partner is a native of Buffalo, and for twenty years in connection as a member of the firm of Mixer & Smith, conducted the same business in that city, where he is widely known as one of the incumbent Park Commissioners, and largely identified with the growth and development of the city. The Messrs. Fassett are natives of Albany, N. Y., but removed to Ton- awanda in 1873, where they have since been largely influen- tial in promoting the Lumber trade as well as the interests of the town generally — Mr. T. S. Fassett being President of North Tonawanda Village in 1879-80. We have described and discussed rather fully in another part of this volume, the unrivalled advantages possessed by Tonawanda as a central and transhipping point in the Lum- ber trade. These facilities are of course appropriated by Smith, Fassett & Co. to the largest extent, and in connec- tion with an established trade reaching through the interior of the State, New England, and as far South as Washing- ton, make it a desirable one with which to effect relations. In conclusion we cordially commend the house of Smith, Fassett & Co. to the trade as an enterprising, public-spirited house, which can undoubtedly confer benefits upon those who effect transactions with it not to be readily duplicated in this or any other market. See advertisement elsewhere. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. J6l J. S. BLISS & CO., Manufacturers and Dealers in Sawed and Cut Shingles; Webster Street, near the Long Bridge, tonawanda. In our general editorial notice elsewhere upon Tona- wanda, we have conveyed very clearly such facts, figures and illustrations as are required to show the numerous ad- vantages enjoyed by this point in all matters pertaining to or contingent upon the Lumber business, which is here the staple trade. In reviewing, therefore, the several firms and individuals engaged in this branch of industry, we require no apology for referring to the firm of J. S. Bliss & Co. as being clearly entitled to recognition in this work. This house was organized in 1876 by the association of Messrs. J. S. Bliss and Frank and Michael Batt, who en- tered into the manufacture of Sawed and Cut Shingles, and as Dealers in the same. The plant of the concern is located on Webster street, near the Long Bridge, and embraces four-fifths of an acre in extent, the mill occupying an area of 75x90 feet, the same being supplied with an 85-horse power steam engine which operates the machinery, all of which is particularly effective and ingenious, and of course especially invented for the purpose. Some sixty operatives find occupation in this establishment, which is equal in extent to any similar concern in Western New York, and has become the center from which radiates a trade extending throughout the West from points as far east as Utica and Binghampton. The firm makes a specialty of Shingles, steamed and cut by knife, and finds so great a demand as to make it impos- sible to accumulate stock, requiring the full capacity of the Mill to meet the increasing requirements of the business, which amounted last year to between sixty-two and sixty- five thousand dollars. The senior partner is a native of Ontario County (this State), and was born in 1843, while the other members of the firm are natives of this county. The business standing and general reputation of the house, as well as the honorable manner in which the busi- ness is conducted, entitles it to the esteem and consideration of the community. Its enterprise in promoting the indus- trial welfare of Tonawanda, is a subject of the most favora- ble comment, and entitles the firm to the success it has so justly achieved. TONAWANDA CHAIR FACTORY, J. M. Chapin, Proprietor, Tonawanda. A description of the remarkable advantages possessed by Tonawanda as a point for the prosecution of those indus- tries concerned in, or dependent upon the Lumber trade, has not been neglected in this work. Taking up the mat- ter in debate, however, we require no apology for a short review of the enterprise of J. M. Chapin, who, as a Dealer in Lumber, Operator of a Planing Mill and extensive Man- ufacturer of Chairs, is entitled to some consideration here. Commencing this business two years ago with a somewhat circumscribed capital, Mr. Chapin has made his mark in the trade, and established his enterprise upon a solid foundation, as demonstrated by the fact, that during the past year he dressed and handled three million feet of Lumber, manu- factured five thousand Chairs, and transacted a total busi- ness of not less than thirty thousand dollars. The plant occupies two acres of ground, the buildings covering an area of 60x80 feet, divided into two departments for Chairs and Lumber, while the general equipments in machinery and mechanical appliances are of marked com- pleteness. A 50-horse power Steam Engine, with much larger boiler capacity, is required for supplying the motive power, and the whole establishment evinces a thorough and efficient management in every detail and appointment. From eighteen to twenty-six operatives, many of whom are skillful artisans, find employment in this establishment, where, as before stated, the manufacture of Chairs forms a considerable item of the product. Of these are manufac- tured thirty different styles, Splint-bottomed, of Oak, Ash and Maple, Oil Finished and specially designed for solid comfort and durability. The price at which these goods are placed is such as to invite the attention of dealers and the public, and it is not exaggeration to say, that in proportion to their appearance, durability and desirability, they are the cheapest articles of this character made. With reference to shipping facilities, those enjoyed by Mr. Chapin are extremely available, railroad tracks running immediately through the yard, while the plant is contigu- ous to Lake, Canal and Railroad. Though established but so short a period, a trade has been created through all the New England States and many of jhe Middle and Eastern, promising a constant and satisfac- tory increase, necessitating, at the present writing, a large accession of machinery and other facilities. A native of Chautauqua Co., this State, where he was born in 1849, Mr. Chapin came to this place in 1878, where, by means of enterprise, capacity and libe:ality, he has achieved a success, which entitles him to the highest consideration. Illustrated catalogues and price lists of the Chairs manu- factured by this house, will be promptly forwarded upon application to J. M. Chapin, Tonawanda, Erie County, New York. See advertisement elsewhere. JOEL H. MILLENNER, Bill Timber; Saw Mills and Planing Mills, Ton- awanda. We have had occasion elsewhere to describe, with num- erous statistics, the ample resources and facilities of Tona- wanda as a port for the transaction of the lumber trade. And in reviewing more particularly each several firm engaged therein, we will devote some space to the opera- tions of Joel Millenner, whose long, practical experience in the Bill Timber and Lumber Trade entitles him to more than ordinary consideration. His business may be classed into three departments, viz: Saw Mill, Planing Mill and Receiving Docks. The mills are elegably located, with a full equipment of tools and machinery, including an engine of 45-horse power, for doing work quickly and well. The building is seventy by one hundred and thirty feet, while he has four hundred and fifty of dock frontage, with piling ground in the rear. Having such facilities at his command, and with more or less stock and capital sufficient for the business, Mr. Millenner is in a position for doing a heavy business, upon equal terms in price and quality, with any. His trade is largely through Pennsylvania, New York State and the East. His productions and class of work may be classified as fol- lows: Bridge and Building Timbers, Car Sills, and the dress- ing by car or cargo lots, and handling of lumber over one of the most convenient docks in Tonawanda, where lumber can be handled without having to pay tow bills for taking canal boats to and from docks to canal, and which is placed on dock, run through planing mills and put on boats or cars without the expense of cartage. Mr. Millenner is a native of Rochester, Monroe county, N. Y., and came to Tonawanda in 1867. In view of his facilities and extended experience, it is not too much to say that those forming business relations with him will secure and advance their best business interests. GRATWICK, SMITH & FRYER Lumber Company, Tonawanda. In writing of those that have made Tonawanda the prin- cipal market for operations in lumber in this State, and, undoubtedly, in proportion to its population, the chief point for this trafic in the United States, we must not forget to accord the Gratwick, Smith & Fryer Lumber Company, that recognition to which it is justly entitled. The business conducted by this corporation was estab- lished eighteen years since, at Albany, N. Y., by Mr. W. H. Gratwick, and was continued under the style of W. H. Gratwick & Company till 1879, when the existing association was organized under the laws of the State of Michigan, with a capital of five hundred thousand dollars paid in, the chief executive officers being William H. Gratwick, of Buf- falo, President; Robert L. Fryer, of Albany, Vice President; and Edward Smith, Detroit, Michigan, Secretary and Treas- urer. The possessions of the Company are numerous and valu- able, and are of such importance as to place the concern in a commanding position in the trade. One peculiar advantage enjoyed by the organization, and one which enables it to offer extraordinary benefits to con- sumers and dealers, arises from the fact that not only are timber lands in Michigan and elsewhere owned in fee by the Company, but that it also owns and controls from the West to Tonawanda its own means of transportation, in vessels built expressly to carry their own lumber. In addition to this it may be stated that not less than five Saw and Planing Mills are also owned by the concern, located conveniently, as follows: Saw-mills — Otsego Lake, Michigan, capacity, 15,000,000 feet; Oscoda, Michigan, 10,- 000,000 feet; Frankfort, Michigan, 20,000,000 feet; and Plan- ing Mills at Tonawanda and Albany. The plant in Tonawanda is one of the most extensive in the State it occupying an area of many acres fronting on 162 BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. the Niagara River, with ample dockages for receipts and shipments. Upon these and other premises of the Com- pany is carried a stock, at the present time, of 19,000,- 000 feet of all kinds and sizes of Pine Lumber, and 30,000,000 feet in logs. Each mill is, of course, supplied with the necessary motive power and such machinery as may be entirely in keeping with the new improvements and inven- tions constantly taking place in this branch of industry. In conducting all the departments of this colossal busi- ness, the Company employs several hundred hands, and effects annual transactions to the amount of half a million of dollars, the trade being extended over the entire United States, radiating from the general office at this place and its branches at Detroit and Albany. The Planing Mill at Tonawanda is exceedingly large and well equipped in every respect, occupying an area of sev- enty-five by ninety-five feet, and having a capacity of ten million feet per annum. In charge of this establishment, and, indeed, manager of the business at this point, is Mr. William N. Fassett, whose name is familiar to all having a knowledge of the trade, as one having marked ability for the duties involved in a position so responsible. Mr. Charles Angus, in control of the clerical department and chief book-keeper, is not less favorably known, and is confessedly an expert in his vocation. This necessarily brief sketch gives, at best, but a poor idea of the resources of the Gratwick, Smith & Fryer Lum- ber Company, which, without exaggeration, are equal, at least, to those possessed by any house in this country. Of the executive officers of the corporation, Mr. Grat- wick, President, resides in Buffalo, removing to that city from Albany, his native place, three years since; Mr. Fryer, Vice President, is also a native of Albany, where he now manages the interest of the Company; Mr. Edward Smith, Secretary and Treasurer, though origina'ly from Connecti- cut, has made his home in Michigan for a quarter of a cen- tury, and is engaged in promoting the business of the organ- ization at Detroit. Our purpose is to thoroughly display and disclose the advantages of this point in every respect, and not t- indulge in personal laudation, no matter how well deserved, and, therefore, we shall conclude by saying, that to dealers or consumers engaged in the trade, or contemplating the purchase of lumber, the Gratwick, Smith & Fryer Lumber Company is in a position to offer such inducements as must make all relations conduce to the profit of its customers. In addition to their three thousand feet of dock front for receipts and shipments by lake and canal, the cars of the N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. and the N. Y. L. E. & W. R. R._ run on to their extensive docks and the doors of their plan-' ing mills at Tonawanda, and the simple fact that all lumber is loaded direct from piles or from the mnl without carting, is sufficient to commend itself to all purchasers, as thereby n.uch splitting and marring of lumber is avoided. EVANS, SCHWINGER & CO., Bankers, Tonawanda. Having noticed in this work all the prominent financial institutions of Buffalo, we deem it no less desirable, and as fully in accord with our object, to consider those fiduciary organizations properly embraced under our title " in the environs." Of such the Banking House of Evans, Schwinger & Co. of Tonawanda may not be overlooked, as it is the only asso- ciation of this character in this place. For several years prior to 1872 Tonawanda was entirely without Banking facilities. On the first of June, in that year, Messrs. Evans, Killmaster & Co., Lumber dealers, opened a small office under the name " Bank of Commerce," which title was changed about two years thereafter to the Banking House of Evans, Killmaster & Co.; the management of this institution being placed in the hands of Mr. William Mc- Laren as cashier, and continued as above until May 1st, 1877, when, owing to the dissolution of the firm, occasioned by the death of the late Henry J. Killmaster, one of the members, is was succeeded by the present Banking House of Evans, Schwinger & Co. which was organized on that date. The following gentlemen have been appointed as officers, the same being still incumbant: President, Jas. H. DeGraff; Vice-President, E. Evans; Cashier, William McLaren- Assistant Cashier, B. L. Rand. The success of the institu- tion is the strongest evidence of its usefulness, while the solidity of this Bank is proverbial. It affords special ad- vantages for making collections on all points, and engages in a general loan and discount business, conducing greatly to the convenience and advantage of merchants and oper- ators in this place. The stock is held by thirteen individ- uals, ill of which, with the exception of two, are residents ot L'onawanda. In every respect the institution is entitled to the confidence and consideration which its management has inspired. A brief personal sketch of the share-holders of this Bank will be confirmatory of its character and solidity. Jas. H. DeGraff, President, is the son-in-law of the Hon. John Simson, and has resided here over thirty-four years. For the last twenty years he has been engaged in the Timber trade; also dealer in Michigan Pine lands. In 1877 Mr. De- Graff was one of the first to join Mr. E. Evans (President of the late Banking House of Evans, Killmaster & Co.) in organizing the new Banking House (occasioned by the de- mise of H. J. Killmaster.) Mr. DeGraff is known as a shrewd business man, cautious in all his dealings, and has acquired a well earned competence by a life assiduously devoted to business. Mr. E. Evans, Vice-President, was born in Canada. His parental ancestors were residents of the Emerald Isle, and on the advent of William, Prince of Orange, heartily espoused his cause. Christian Evans, the celebrated Bap- tist preacher of Wales, was one of his ancestors. We may also state that his maternal grand-mother belonged to the Pennsylvania Dutch, and in her youth migrated from Penn- sylvania to Canada. He is therefore of Irish, Welch and Dutch extraction. In early life he sailed, for eight years, on the lakes; afterwards was engaged for a few years in the manufacture of Lumber; finally embarking in the Timber trade about i860, in which he has continued to the present time. Since 1861 he has been a resident of Tonawanda, and by unceasing application to business has amassed a large share of wealth. He is a man of quick perceptions, firm convictions and decided views, a shrewd business man and keen political economist. Mr. William McLaren, Cashier, is of Scotch extraction, and in a remarkable degree possesses the better character- istics of that people. He is a Canadian by birth; a man of few words. His communications are largely "yea, yea, nay, nay." He is rigidly truthful and exact in his dealings, and a persistent advocate of Primitive Christianity. He has been connected as Cashier with the Banking institutions of Tonawanda from their inception. In this responsible posi- tion he has proven himself not only competent, but thor- oughly reliable. He has learned the great Secret of saying "no" without giving offense; and by his ability and unre- mitting efforts has done much in placing the Banking House of Evans, Schwinger & Co. amongst the prominent institutions of the country. This Bank is now the largest depository of Canal tolls in the State of New York, having received during the year 1879 over one hundred and sixteen thousand dollars. Mr. Benjamin L. Rand, Assistant-Cashier, is the son of Calvin S. Rand, now deceased. He is a young man of superior qualifications for the position, correct in deport- ment, amiable in character and scrupiously attentive in furthering the interests of the Bank. He is one of the chief share-holders therein; thus proving his faith in the institu- tion by the investment of capital. Being but twenty-five years old, he has but just entered upon the threshold of usefulness. The Hon. John Simson, a prominent share-holder, is a native of this section and one of the oldest inhabitants; and has been identified with various interests pertaining to the growth and prosperity of the place. He is a man of large wealth, which has been used by him judiciously in the ad- vancement of local interests. He was once chosen as a member of the Legislature, filling the position with extreme fidelity, and with entire satisfaction to his constituents. Chnstoff Schwinger has been a resident of Tonawanda for many years. He possesses, in no ordinary degree, that energy and force of character which gives prominence to a man, irrespective of nationality, circumstances or calling. Although financially poor when he first came from his fatherland he has, by his indomitable will and good business tact, amassed a handsome fortune. During the war he was a strong unconquerable adherent to the Union cause. Mr. A. G. Kent, share-holder, is a native of Rome, N. V. He came to Tonawanda in 1825. He was one of the pioneers in the Lumber trade and has been closely identified with the growth and prosperity of the place. His life has been one of constant effort, and that effort has been re- warded by the substantial proof of comfort and wealth that surrounds him. B. F. Felton, share-holder, is possessed of considerable real estate, and is also engaged in extensive gold refining, both here and in Buffalo. We may correctly class Mr. Felton as one of those keen, shreivd, restless business men, always on the alert; always having an eye open to the main chance, yet ever ready to lend a helping hand to pro- mote the good of others. E. H. Rogers, share-holder, is purely a self-made man. Commencing life as a common laborer he has, by in igable energy, become one of the prominent nun of the place. He has under his control the extensive docks of the N. V. C. R. R. at this place. BUFFALO AND ENVIRONS. 163 Joseph A. Bliss, share-holder, has been a resident of this place for many years, and is a large property-holder. Hi- is one of the largest manufacturers of Shingles in the state, besides importing Timber in large quantities. In every sense he is an honorable, thorough business man. George and Henry B. Smith, share-holders, are brothers, and sons of the late Hon. H. P. Smith of LaSalle, whom every one in this vicinity, and throughout a large section of country, remembers with pleasure. They possess, in a large degree, the excellent traits of their father; possessing busi- ness qualifications of a high order. They are now engaged in extensive manufacturing business in Bay City, Michigan, and own considerable real estate in Tonawanda. Mrs. M. L. Cramer is the wife of Capt. John Cramer, and is the only lady share-holder. She is possessed of con- siderable property in her own right. She was one of the early promoters of the institution, and has evinced her faith in the same by investing liberally therein. With such ample financial support we may justly con- clude that the Banking House of Evans, Schwinger & Co. maybe classed as among the solid, immovable institutions of the country; inasmuch as the individual members and share-holders of the Bank are personally responsible, to the full extent of their wealth. 164 ADVERTISEMENTS. ESTABLISHED 1851. INCORPORATED 1877. M. A. BRAYLEY, President. THOS. SULLY, Secretary. GEO. P. CLARKSON, Treasurer. THE PITTS YPW? BUFFALO, NEW YORK, U. S. A. -SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF- THE BUFFALO PITTS THRESHERS FOF( WATEF(, HOF^E 0Y\ £TE/M POWEF(. MOUNTED AND DOWN HORSE POWERS. ADVERTISEMENTS. 165 COOPER & HAINES, PINE tf jty. .tt OFFICE: JVo. 287 J±!LI£ STRLJJUT. ITJ^ttJD &o IDOOIK:: Louisiana Street and, Ohio J3usin , (See Article, page iooj l66 ADVERTISEMFNTS. SMITH & GERMAIN, General Agents, State of N. Y, 48 Main Street, BUFFALO, N. Y. "Fire, jlssocicction, of (p?iilcialelp?uicL/' "UTtitecL Firemen's Ires. Co. of GPlhilcLoZelpTiicL. SOLID INDEMNITY! PROMPT ADJUSTMENTS i FAIR DEALING! Applications for Agencies from responsible and competent Underwriters, will receive prompt attention HOWARD IRON WORKS, FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, BUFFALO N. Y. MANUFACTURERS OF Power, Hydraulic and Hand ELEVATORS, For J\dcaxafa,ctories, Stores and. Hotels. C. P. HAZARD & BRO., WHOLESALE DEALERS IN LUMBER AND SHINGLES, 92 River Street and 343 Louisiana St., ZBTJIF'IELA.IjO, 35T. "X". Rough and Dressed Lumber, Flooring, Ceiling, Siding, Lath and Fence Posts. ADVERTISEMENTS. 167 STAFFORD'S "FOTOTON MABIEff^ BUFFALO, IsT. "X\ CARRIES THE LARGEST STOCK! OF OCEAN » LAZE PISH, GAME, POULTRY, OYSTERS, FRUIT AND CANNED GOODS, WEST OF MEW YORK. J AS. B. STAFFORD, 352 and 354 MAIN STREET, BUFFALO, N. Y, Sole Agency Restigouche Salmon Fisheries. i68 ADVERTISEMENTS. First National Bank. Buffalo, N. Y., May 12th, 1880. Accounts of -Merc7za,nts and. McumjLfcLctuLreTs Solicited. APPROVED COMMERCIAL PAPER discounted at the uniform rate of SEVEN PER CENT, per annum to regular patrons of this Bank. COLLECTIONS made in BUFFALO and vicinity at lowest rates. STERLING EXCHANGE bought and sold. TRAVELERS' CREDITS issued available in all parts of the world. CHARLES T. COIT, President. R. PORTER LEE, Cashier. STOEAG-E EOE, 12,000,000 FEET. flU r® POOIdt LUMBER jZJSm SHIWG-LES, SS, 000,000 I IV 1871). RAILROAD LUMBER AND STORAGE YARD. POOLE'S DOCK, OHIO BASIN, 1,000 FEET LONG. OFFICE, 175 LOUISIANA ST. RESIDENCE, 633 MAIN ST. TRADE MARK. CORNELL LEAD CO. MANUFACTURERS OF WHITE LEAD IiEAD PIPE, SHEET & BAR LEAD. OFFICE AND WORKS: Cor. Delaware and Virginia Streets. MiOj Forfeited if Adulterated. A. P. THOMPSON, Pres. HENRY SPAYTH, Treas. S. DOUGLAS CORNELL, Vice-Pres. SHELDON THOMPSON, Sec'y. The Union Dry Dock Co., SHIP YARD and DR Y DOCKS On Buffalo Creek, foot of Chicago St., opp. Niagara Elevator. Ship Building, Repairing, and every description of Carpenter, Caulking, Joiner, Blacksmith and Spar Work done to order. T"wo L^A-EG-iE] zdzrtt :doc:k:s. We are prepared to do all kinds of repairing on the shortest possible notice, and in the most thorough manner. Our Dry Docks have a LARGE DERRICK, for hoisting Wheels, Rudders, or heavy work from the Creek into the Docks, which saves the expense of Landing. On hand and for sale all kinds of SHIP TIMBER, PLANK, KNEES, ASH and i INE SPARS, &c. Particular attention paid to Spar work, by an experienced SPAR MAKER. M. M. r>RAKE, Sup't. ADVERTISEMENTS. 169 R. J. KIMBALL & CO., BANKERS AND BROKERS, 4 Exchange Court, NEW YORK. Buy and Sell on Commission, for Cash or on Margin, Stocks, Bonds, and all Investment Securities, in lots to suit. Twelve years' membership in N. Y. Stock Exchange. R. J. KIMBALL, Member of the New York Stock and Mining Exchanges. A. B. LOUNSBERY, Member of the New York Stock, New York Produce and N. Y. Petroleum Exchanges. -a a hfl SCHOOL AND CHURCH FURNITURE. SETTEES A SPECIALTY, w School Furniture of all varieties of Style and Finish. Teachers' Desks, Chairs, Settees, Blackboards, Etc. Church Furniture, Settees for Churches, Sabbath Schools, Halls, etc., twenty varieties. Pews complete, or ends separately. Estimates given /or Work delivered at any point. Satisfaction guaranteed, and all Work warranted. J\£. W. CHA SJEJ, 212 ctThd 214 SeverttK St. FISHER BRO'S & CO., -PROPRIETORS OF THE- 1J 1 IlISII AND CITY MALT BOUSE Prime Canada Malt a Specialty. OFFICE, No. 283 WEST GENESEE STREET. GEO. FISHER. J. P. FISHER. PH. HOUCK. TAYLOR & CRATE, •WHOLESALE LTJMBEB DEALERS. WALNUT, ASH, OAK, CHERRY, WHITEWOOD. BUTTERNUT, HICKORY, SYCAMORE, COTTONWOOD, CHESTNUT, MAPLE, BASSVVOOD, RED CEDAR. Whitewood and Walnut shipped direct from our Indiana Yards. ESTABLISHED 1864. OFFICE, 269 ELK STiRIEIET. AJJVtKTIStMKiMS. L. GILLIG & SONS, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN Foreign W. Native "Wines WHISKIES ALES AND CIGARS, 273 V7ASHINGT0N STREET. BUFFALO ST3SAM FORGE. HENRY CHILDS, MANUFACTURER OF CAR ? LOCOMOTIVE AXLES Steajriboctt, Propeller* osrcoZ JIzll Srtctfts, OIL MINING TOOLS "WIROTTGKHZT SH^ETTIHSTG- Hammered Shapes and Heavy Blacksmithing of Every Variety, OFFICE, NO. 1 WESTERN UNION BUILDING, Seneca, Cor. Main Street. ADVERTISEMENTS. 17! A. CUTLER & SON, No. 2. — Open. F ITR NIT TJR E CHEAP. ESCRITOIRES, CHIFFONIERS, PARLOR SUITES, BEDROOM SUITES, CHAIRS, &c, CHEAP. 90, 92 and 94 Pearl St., BUFFALO, N. Y. SUPERIOR WORK AND FINISH OUR MOTTO. No. 5. — Closed. IE- So IB. HOLMES, Manufacturers of Stave, Barrel, Keg and H'hd Machinery, it tit Works, 53 Chicago 5t„ also Cot, Kicbigan St, and the Canal, BOMAIT. KEENHOLT BROTHERS, Manufacturers Mattresses, No. 40 Broadway. ^T^^T^e^olts and Niagara Metallic Folding Spring A D V E R T [SEME N T S. WORKS OF BUFFALO CEMENT CO., LIMITED. LEWIS J. BENNET, President. Kf n T a t C r Ja Cf GEORGE TALBOT, Vice-Pres't. 1W. lifl i-HC vJl, WILLIAM IV. PIERCE, See' v. U LL L I A M RICH A RDSON, Treas. ESTABLISHED 185 7. HAEDW00D LUMBEE. SCA TCHERD & SON, WHOLESALE DEALERS. THIN WALNUT 2-16 TO 6-16 THICK. WALNUT, BUTTERNUT, CHESTNUT, ASH, OAK, MAPLE, CHERRY, WHITEWOOD, RED CEDAR, VENEERS. COUNTER TOPS, NEWEL POSTS, BALUSTERS, Orders Eilled Direct Eronx our Indiana Yards. OFFICE -A-HSTID "XVA-IR-TO: 328 LOUISIANA, near ELK STREET. SEE REFERENCE O.V CITY MAP. ADVERTISEMENTS. r 73 Direct Weekly Line to England, France and Germany. The HAMBUKG-AMERICAN PACKET CO.'S Steamers Leave NEW YORK every THURSDAY, for HAMBURG (Germany), landing passengers, specie and mails at PLYMOUTH (England), and CHERBOURG (France.) ZRJLTIES OIF 1 ^^A-SS^G-IE: First Cabin, $100. Second Cabin, $60. Steerage, $30. Round trip tickets at greatly reduced rates. From Plymouth to any Railroad station in the south of England, free. From Cherbourg to Paris: First class, $7.50; Second class, $5.50; Third class, $1.50. C. B. RICHARD & CO., General Passenger Agents, 61 Broadway, NEW YORK. C. B. RICHARD & CO., 61 Broadway, 3STBW yoirzki- BANKERS. C. B. RICHARD & BOAS, 7 Admiralitaet St., H -A. IMI ZBTT ZR,Gk We allow Banks and Bankers to draw direct on nearly five hundred of our European correspond- ents. Lowest rates of Exchange given. JEWETT'S BIRD CAGE. PATENTED. The Revolving Perch Cage must be seen in practical operation to be able to appreciate what a charming novelty it is; or the great advantage to the bird, in the way of exercise, which all canaries require to keep them healthy, and consequently in song. Catalogue sent to dealers only on application. Also Manufacturers of the hand- somest line of Bird Cages in the United States. JOHN C. JEWETT & SONS, BUFFALO, N. Y. !74 ADVERTISEMENTS. RED JACKET DISTILLERY, ESTABLISHED 1348. THOMAS CLARK, MANUFACTURER OF EXTRA FINE OED WHISKIES Alcohol and Cologne Spirits^ COR. WA8HOCTOX A\D PERKY STREETS. WM, WICKS, / & A JVo. 9 Court St. / /* fILDERS' MEASURER, INSURANCE ADJUSTER, um: is mm matters, ACCOTJUTAM"T. See article, page 50. THE BUFFUM CARRIAGE MANUFACTORY, Pearl, Mohawk and Genesee Streets; Office, 292 Pearl St. CARRIAGES, BUGGIES, SLEIGHS, BUSINESS WAGONS. Special attention paid to repairing. All kinds of work made to order a specialty. Orders solicited from all parts of the United States. Workmanship guaranteed. (See p. 114.) THOS. ROBINSOIn WHOLESALE DEALER IN- ALL iiiivr>s OF ROUGH AND DRESSED LUMBER Yards, Across the Creek. (P. O. BOX, 565.) E. ID. BEED, WHOLESALE DEALER IN LUMBER, PINE, OAK, ASH, WALNUT & OTHER KINDS. COMMISSION AND FORWARDING, Office and. YcltcL, So. 2£ic7vigciTL arid Gtcltisotl Sts. Jewett M. Richmond. M. M. Richmond. T 75 Alonzo Richmond. J. M. RICHMOND & CO., TOllGI; pLE¥ATIHQj y@MMISSI©l JlNI) FOR WA.R1JTJVG JtfERCHA.NTS, 3^TO. 16 CEUTEAL WHAEF. TERRACE SQUARE. HARDWARE, IRON, NAILS, MUMS' AND MECHANICS' SUPPLIES, SILVELPLATED WAR! AND CUTLERY, Agents for the TJ1VIOIV IRON WORKS, ALL KLNDS OF BAR IRON TO ORDER, BOLTS, NUTS, WASHERS, ETC. The Largest General Assortment of Hardware in all its branches, wholesale and retail. "Russell & Erwin " Manufacturing Co.'s Locks, Knobs and Fine Bronze Goods. YOUR ORDERS SOLICITED. "BTTIFIFVAXjO SCALE CO. MANUFACTURERS OF ill m WORKS AND WAREROOMS: JSTos. 322 to 334 EJZCHJLNaE STREET. John R. Linen, Pres't. I,. Chesnutwood, Treas. A. A. Houghton, Sec'y. J. H. Usher, Mech. Sup't. SCHLUND & DOLL, Manufacturers and Dealers in all kinds of FuRfpi[E, Mirrors, Bedding,etc., at Lowest Cash Prjces. 47^ Main Street, opp. Tifft House. JACOB J. SCHWINN, Wholesale and Retail Manufacturer of Umbrellas and Parasols, and dealer in Fine Gold, Silver, Ivory and Bone-Headed anes, in E. Genesee street. I E, ANDREWS, Optician, No, 3 Niagara Street, Established 1348. 176 ADVERTISEMENTS. BENSON & LOCK, MANUFACTURERS and WHOLESALE LUMBER DEALERS OFFICE AlTD DOCKS: Cor. GrCLTisoTL cztloZ S. Michigan. Sts. } across Creek. (P. O. BOX 517.) HART, BALL & HART, BUFFALO, 1ST. "2". IRON and BRASS FOUNDERS WROUGHT IRON PIPE, FITTINGS, VALVES, &c, OIL WELL SUPPLIES, Special Agents for Morris, Tasker & Co.'s Boiler Tubes; B. F. Sturtevant's Fan Blowers; Knowles Steam Pump Co.'s Pumps; Rumsey & Co.'s Cistern Pumps. (For History of House see page 88.) J. S. NOYES. G. P. SAWYER NOYES & SAWYER, WHOLESALE DEALERS I1T ROUGH AND DRESSED LUMBbR, Lath, Shiagles, Fence Posts, Siding, Ceiling, Flooring, &c. OFFICE, YARDS AND DOCKS: LUMBER DISTRICT, GANSON STREET. [^"Special attention paid to Forwarding. ESTABLISHED 1852 JJSTO. D. S2£TTH, PLUMBER, STEAM AND GAS FITTER AND DEALER IN Gas Fixtures, Plumbers' and Gas-Fitters' Supplies, HOT AIR REGISTERS AND VENTILATORS, Steam, citlcL Sot Jtir Fizmaces, &c, 51 PEARL STREET. See article, page 103 ADVERTISEMENTS. 177 BROAD'S Instant Pain Cure! THE BEST MEDICINE IN THE WORLD FOR MAN OR BEAST. -A. SURE CTJJRE FOR RHEUMATISM, NEURALGIA, SPRAINS, BRUISES, PAINS IN THE LIMBS, S Til EN ESS OF THE JOINTS, SWELLINGS, FREEZES, CHILBLAINS, BURNS, AGUE IN THE BRE.AST OR FACE, TOOTHACHE, HEADACHE, CANKER, NURSING SORE MOUTH, PUTRID OR INFLAMMATORY SORE THROAT, PLEURISY, LAMENESS OF THE BACK, KLDNEY COMPLAINT OR CRAMP, COLIC, DYSENTERY, INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS, &-c. See that each bottle has name of MRS. DR. L. BROAD blown in the glass, without which none are genuine. Each Bottle contains more Medicine than any other sold for the same price. Contents are more effective for the purpose than any other preparation; and is neatly put up, with corkscrew accompanying every bottle. THE GENUINE MANUFACTURED ONLY BY MRS. DR. L. BROAD, Druggist, No. 329 Washington Street, BUFFALO, N. Y. For Sale by all Druggists and Country Dealers. BEWAEB OIF COTJUTEEFEITS! 178 J. B. GRIFFIN. President. c. c. Mcdonald, Sec' y and Treus. O. G. WARREN, I 'ice President. HI pin hi y MULim CO. 12 Afatn. Street and, 6 Central Wharf, Proprietors of the Queen City and Erie Mills are now prepared to supply, in Barrels or Sacks, the following well known brands z{ Flour to the trade, for home or export: "QUEEN CITY MILLS," (Straight,) "ERIE MILLS FAVORITE MINNESOTA BAKERS," "J. B. GRIFFIN & CO.'S FAMILY AND BAKERS' PATENT," ALSO, CLEAR, RYE AND FOUNDRY FLOURS, MILL FEED, &c, &c. ORDERS BY TELEPHONE PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. CHARLES RICHARDSON, CJENERAL £ OJVIMISSION ; -JVIeF\CHANT, and Wholesale Dealer in Fruits f Produce, ee west :k£^:r,:ec:et st. Consignments solicited. Remittances made promptly. lEST^-BLISHZEID 1850. Thorough PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT embodied in the MEMBERS OF THE FIRM. DeLaney Forge w Iron Co. MANUFACTURERS OF Finished and Hough AT urine and Stationery Engine, Railroad Engine and Car Forgings in Iron, Siemens, Martin and Bessemer Cast- Steel. CRANKS FOR OIL ENGINES AND BOXES FOR OIL DRILLING TOOLS, SPECIALTIES. IRON FIRST PREPARED UNDER A TEN-TON HAMMER. AXLES CENTERED READY FOR LATHES, AND DATED MONTH AND YEAR OF MANUFACTURE. CHEAPEST & BEST HAMMERED AXLE SOLD Mo. 306 PERRY STREET. leferences cheerfully given. C. D. DE LANEV. C. A. DE LANEV JOHN SI.OTE. JOSEPH HOWARD. ADVERTISEMENTS. 1 79 STEAM PRINTING HOUSE OF BIGELOW BROTHERS, 60, 62 ctncL 64: ^Pectrl Street. COB3STER SEUECA. BOOK, JOB $ LAW WORK, OF ALL KINDS, NEATLY AND PROMPTLY EXECUTED. PUBLISHERS OF THE PAPERS OF THE BUFFALO HISTORICAL SOCIETY. BANKING HOUSE OF Evans, Schwinger & Co., TOIN'-A.'W'.A.liTID.A., 2ST. "ST. J. H. De Graff, President. William McLaren, Cashier. E. Evans, Vice-President. B. L. Rand, Assistant Cashier. Collections Made on all Points, and Promptly Remitted. EDWIN GOODRICH, A. A. BELLINGER, Formerly Bay City, Mich. Tonawa?ida, N. Y. GOODRICH & BELLINGER, RECEIVERS AND FORWARDERS OF Pine Lumber, Lath, Shingles, &c: Unlimited Facilities for Shipping, both by Canal and Rail. OUR BUSINESS IS CONFINED STRICTLY TO RECEIVING AND FORWARDING. TONAWANDA, IV. Y. ESTABLISHED 1S57. WATER AND GAS PIPE AND STEAM PIPE CASING FOR WATER, GAS AND STEAM HEATING WORKS, TON A WANDA, Etie C»., N. Y. Circnlars upon application. J. S. Hobbie, General Manager. i So ADVERTISEMENTS. BLISS & SMITH, DEALERS I]N Michigan Pine Timber J. A. BLISS, also Dealer in Shingles of all kinds. FREDERICK SMITH, also Dealer in Lumber and Bill Stuff, Oak, Pine, Lath, &c. Bills sawed to order. TONAWANDA, N. Y. MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN SAWED AND CUT } 9) o I J m I TONAWANDA, N. Y. A. IFtlTI Sizpplz/ Constantly on Hand. FREDERICK SMITH, MANUFACTURER OF AND DEALER IN OAK AND PINE BRIDGE AND BUILDING TIMBER, LUMBER, LATH, PLCKETS, SHINGLES, &c. Bills Sawed to Order and Promptly Filled. (AESO SUCCESSOR TO WALRATH & DOWNER.) OFFICE J^T THE BIO- IMHHiL. Shipments made by N. Y. C. & H. R. R., Erie R. R. and Erie Canal. TONAWANDA, ERIE CO., N. Y. ADVERTISEMENTS. :8i TONAWANDA CHAIR FACTORY. BRACKETS. MOULDING. J. M. CHAPIN, PLANING MILL AND LUMBER, Near N. Y. C. R. R. Depot, TONAWANDA, N. Y. TANKS, TURNING. STYLES AND PRICES BY MAIL, ON APPLICATION. \VM. H. COWPER. W.M. R. GREGORY. COWPER & GREGORY, FORWARDERS ATVI> COMMISSION LUMBER DEALERS. Unlimited Eacilities for Forwarding, either by Rail or Canal. Satisfaction Guaranteed. TONAWANDA, N. Y. References:— Smith, Craig & Co., Albany, N. Y.; J. K. Post & Co., Oswego, N. Y.; Thompson, Smith & Son, Toronto, Out., and Duncan City, Mich.; Parry Sound Lumber Co., Parry Sound, Ont.; J. Benedict & Son, Albany, N, Y.; Georgian Bay Lumber Co., Ontario. SMITH, FASSETT & CO., WHOLESALE LUMBER DEALERS TO]VAWA.]NI>A, IV- Y. SPECIALTIES— Jobbing Logs run in Saginaw grades; grading for New England or Philadelphia; 5-4 to 8-4 graded, for Wholesale Door Manufacturers. Sole Manufacturer's Eastern Agents for "HALL'S" CELEBRATED SHINGLES. Side-tracks of both N. V. C. &* H. R. R. R. and N. V., L. E. <5f IV. Railway in yard. Cars loaded direct; m> teaming. 1$2 ADVERTISEMENTS. romer & vielha.tje;r, TOisr^."V7"^^nsriD^L ^iL,j^2>rxi ALL POINTS WEST. JOHN F. MOULTON, A. S. McALLASTER, General Manager, 195 Main St., BUFFALO. Gen 7 Pass, and Ticket Agt. WILSON H. SHERMAN. CHAS. M. HOWE. STEPHEN F. SHERMAN. SHERMAN BROTHERS, COMMISSION AND SHIPPING MERCHANTS, DEALERS AND FORWARDERS IN Cement, Salt, Line, Flaster, Coal, Lumber, Iron, Staves, Hoops, Headings, Fire Brick, Shingles, PROPRIETORS OF THE DELAFIELD CEMENT CO., Manufacturers of High Falls Rosendale Cement. THE BUFFALO TRANSPORTATION CO., DAVID FALES & CO., I SHERMAN BROTHERS, 14. South Street, q2 Lloyd Street, NEW YORK CITY. BUFFALO, N. Y. i_.ic3-ja:T-i^"crnsrisriisrc3- DOMESTIC SEWING MACHINE jlnd. Domestic JPctper FctsKtons, 397 MAIN STREET. EDWARD NEWELL, Manager. See page 82. SPRINGFELS & DYKSTRA, MANUFACTURERS OF PAPER BOXES, 61 BROADWAY. JEWELRY BOXES A SPECIALTY. 1 84 ADVERTISEMFNTS. NO DELAYS CI 1-4 m o Pi &* M Pill Is* ct5 o 1 CD ^4 PS W h O > < < h tn H O a, w Q O D I ^ o o h u W O u h o w o s u fa o w o u D O X H W H < X i— i in O H Q W H X w ■§, H ■* ^ H to ft] M *< t J* !> G o ^ isainaa^ on ADVERTISEMENTS. I ^S ***W ERIE .^. FOEMEELY ERIE RAILWAY THE ONLY LINE RUNNING Mlmai Coaches without Ohaigi BET "W IE IE I£T SUSPENSION BRIDGE, BUFFALO, ROCHESTER, NEW YORK and PHILADELPHIA! MAKE NO MISTAKE: BE SURE THAT YOUR TICKETS ARE VIA "ERIE RAILWAY." OUR EQUIPMENT IS THE BEST. PULLMAN PALACE CAPS, MLLLER PLATFORMS, WESTINGHOUSE AIR-BRAKES, AND FAST TRAINS. The superior facilities of this Company over any of its competitors, are Promptness, Courtesy, Experience and General Adaptibilitv to the service of the public. Through and local tickets, Sleeping and Drawing Room Car accommodations, and Baggage Checks, may be obtained at the General Office, 177 Main Street, and at Depot, Cor. Exchange and Michigan streets, Buffalo. JNO. N. ABBOTT, J. S. BARTLETT, Gen I Pass. Agent, Gen I Nor. Pass. Agent, NEW YORK. BUFF; i86 ADVERTISEMENTS. r-T IT p NEW YOEK CENTEAL AN D HUDSON EIVEE E. E. FOUR MA.ST TUA.IJNS A DAY, EACH WAY, BETWEEN Buffalo and nimam Falls And the OlfcAND CENTRAL DEPOT 4Sd Street, ZEsTIEW TORE, WITH ELEGANT DRA WING ROOM CARS ON DA Y TRAINS, AND New Sleeping Cars Through on Night Trains! THIS IS THE ONLY LINE RUNNING TRAINS INTO NEW YORK CITY!! He Only Line to Boston Running THROUGH SLEEPING CARS. The Fast Line to Philadelphia, TICKET OFFICES IJST BUFFALO: AT 469 MAIN ST. (Tifit House Block), AND AT THE EXCHANGE ST. DEPOT; AT EITHER OF WHICH, TICKETS TO ALL POINTS EAST CAN BE PURCHASED. pf Through Car Accommodations Secured and Baggage Checked. R. II. NOBLE, Agent Paeeenger Department, BUFFALO. C. B. MEEKER, General Passenger Agent, NEW YORK. ADVERTISEMENTS. I8 7 GREAT CENTRAL ROUTE TO THE "WIEST. Great Western Railway VIA NIAGARA FALLS AND SUSPENSION BRIDGE OR INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE. THE DIRECT SOUR FOR SI, CATHARINES, HAlffiOT, TORONTO, PARIS, ERANTFORD, GUSLPII, ELORA, FERGUS, LONDON, FETROUA, SARNiA, DETROIT, CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE, Saginaw, Toledo, Cincinnati, Cairo, Fond du Lac, Madison, La Crosse, Prarie du Chien, Galena, Dubuque, Rock Island, Burlington, Quincy, ST. LOUIS, ST. JOSEPH, ST. PAUL, LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS CITY, COUNCIL. BLUFFS, OMAHA, CHEYENNE, DENVER, SALT LAKE, SAN FRANCISCO, AND ALL POINTS WEST, NORTH-WEST AND SOUTH-WEST. RO UR THRO UGH R2CRRESS TRA.INS Leave Buffalo and Suspension Bridge daily, Sundays excepted. Elegant and Comfortable Day Cars and Wagner's Celebrated DRAWING ROOM and SLEEPING CARS run through on this Route only, from Suspension Bridge to Detroit and Chicago without change. tg=THE ONLY LINE OUT OF BUFFALO, RUNNING DINING CARS IN CON- NECTION WITH THE MICHIGAN CENTRAL RAILROAD TO CHICAGO. Remember, this is the only Route via Niagara Falls and Suspension Bridge. THROUGH TICKETS by this popular Route can be obtained at all the Principal Ticket Offices in the United States and Canada. |£gr°Be sure and ask for tickets via the Great Western Railway, by way of Niagara Falls and Suspension Bridge. L. M. HARPER, Agent, Cor. Main and Exchange Sts. (Mansion House Block), Buffalo, N. Y. F. BROUGHTON, General Manager, Hamilton, Ont. WM. EDGAR, General Pass. Agent G. W. Rij. i88 ADVERTISEMENTS. THE GREAT INTERNATIONAL ROUTE TO THE WEST! 11 Via the Great International Bridge across Niagara River, above the Falls, and built by the Grand Trunk Railway. — Cost $1,500,000. BAND TBTOB EAILWAY! •*?* G&w vn.LusntA r/cw. &uit&*.i? GREAT INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE A NIAGAK' RIVER. THIS IS THE MOST DIRECT ROUTE TO Hamilton, Brantford, Paris, London, Port Huron, DETROIT, CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE, St. Paul, St. Louis, St. Joseph, Kansas City, Leavenworth, Omaha, Cheyenne, Denver, San Francisco, and all Points West, Northwest and Southwest. EXPRESS TRAINS ^^F Leave New York Central Depot, Erie Street and also Erie Company's Depot, cor. Michi- gan and Exchange Streets, daily (Sundays excepted) Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars, on Night Express, from the Erie Company's Depot, wiil be opened at 9 p. M. for the accommodation of Passengers going West. The only Line running Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars from Buffalo to the West. HROUGH TICKETS AND SLEEPING CAR BERTHS CAN BE SECURED at the Company's Office, T No. 177 Washington Street, cor. Exchange, Buffalo, N. Y. T. X>. SHERIDAN, Agent. J. HICKSON, L. J. SEARGEANT, WM. WAINWRIGHT, Gen. Mannger, Montreal. Traffic Manager, Montreal. Gen. Pass. Agent, Montreal. ADVKR IISI.M1.X IS. 189 NO GRADES ! NO CORVES ! NO DOST 8®-THREE EXPRESS TRAINS DAILY~^a equipped with all modern appliances.