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 American Colonial History 
 
 by 
 
 FRANK HEYWOOD HODDER 
 
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Outlines 
 
 of 
 
 American Colonial History 
 
 by 
 FRANK HEYWOOD HODDER 
 
 Professor of American History 
 Dniversity of Kansas 
 
 Third Edition 
 
 Lawrence, Kansas 
 
 Department of Journalism Press 
 
 1917 
 

 Copyright, 1910, 1914, 1917. 
 
 BY 
 F. H. HODDER 
 
 / 
 
 JUN 18 1917 
 
 'CI.A467468 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 In my opinion, an outline, whether used in connection with lec- 
 tures or assigned library reading, is the best basis for teaching 
 history, because it clearly arranges the material and presents a defin- 
 ite picture to the mind's eye. It must, however, be remembered that 
 an outline is made for man and not man for an outline. It is lawful 
 to omit some parts and to amplify others. This particular outline 
 undertakes to classify the more essential facts of American colonial 
 history, leaving it for the most part to the instructor to furnish the 
 comment best suited to the needs of his class. The earlier period is 
 somewhat over emphasized, because it is more practicable at that point 
 to base the work upon source material by reason of its smaller bulk. 
 In spite of the fact that it is regarded in some quarters as antiquated, 
 the separate treatment of the origin of the several English colonies 
 is retained, for the reason that it is believed to leave a clearer 
 impression upon the mind of the student. The colonial period is 
 assumed to include the adoption of the permanent institutions that 
 were the product of colonial experience and the Revolution. Refer- 
 ences are omitted, for two reason: 1st, because a reference list is 
 antiquated almost from the moment that it is printed, and 2nd, be- 
 cause its omission will make it easier for the instructor to adapt the 
 work to varying conditions. 
 
 F. H. H. 
 
NOTE ON THE CALENDAR. 
 
 Julian Calendar. 46 B. C. E\ery year exactly divisible by four a leap 
 year. This made average year 365 1-4 days, which was too long, so that 
 the solar outran the calendar year. 
 
 Reform of Gregory XIIL 1582 A. D. The calendar had fallen ten days 
 behind in 1582. Gregory dropped ten days, i. e. added them to the date. 
 Also provided that centurial years should be leap years only when divisible 
 by 400. This makes average year 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes, 12 seconds, 
 v-'hieh is less than 26 seconds too long and amounts to but one day in 3325 
 years. 
 
 DiflFerence between Old and New Style. To get new style add required 
 number of days. 
 
 1582-1700 10 days 1600 a leap year. 
 
 1700-1800 11 days 1700 not a leap year. 
 
 1800-1900 12 days 1800 not a leap year. 
 
 1900-2100 13 days 1900 not a leap year. 
 
 Beginning of the Year. Jan. 1 under the Julian calendar. After the 
 introduction of the Christian era in the 6th century, the beginning of the 
 year was changed to various dates in different countries but was changed 
 back to Jan. 1 by the Gregorian calendar. In England the beginning of 
 the year was Christmas until the 13th century and Annunciation or Lady 
 Day (March 25) after it. The Gregorian calendar was not adopted in 
 England until 1752; therefore before 1752 English dates between Jan. 1 
 and March 25 of a given legal year belong to the next calendar year. Such 
 dates in this book give new style year and old style day. 
 
AMERICAN COLONIAL HISTORY. 
 
 I. Discovery and Exploration. 
 
 1. Geographical Knowledge before Columbus. 
 
 2. Pre-Columbian Discoveries of America. 
 
 3. Discovery of America. 
 
 4. Discovery of North America. 
 
 5. Naming of America. 
 
 6. Spanish Explorations in North America. 
 
 7. Early French Exploration and Colonization. 
 
 8. Beginnings of English Interest. 
 
 9. Beginnings of English Colonization. 
 
 10. Cartography and Literature of America. 1500-1615, 
 
 II. Eng-lish Colonization. 
 
 1. 
 
 Virginia. 
 
 2. 
 
 Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay. 
 
 3. 
 
 Khode Island. 
 
 4. 
 
 Connecticut and New Haven. 
 
 5. 
 
 Maine and New Hampshire. 
 
 6. 
 
 Maryland. 
 
 7. 
 
 New York and Delaware. 
 
 8. 
 
 New Jersey. 
 
 9. 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 10. 
 
 Carolinas and Georgia. 
 
 11. 
 
 New England. 1643-93. 
 
 III. Struggle between England and France. 
 
 1. Later French Exploration and Colonization. 1634-1754. 
 
 2. Early French Wars. 1689-1748. 
 
 3. Plans of Colonial Union. 1643-1754. 
 
 4. French and Indian "War. 1754-63. 
 
 5. British Colonial System. 1651-1763. 
 
 6. British Colonial Administration. 1606-1781. 
 
IV. Period of the Revolution. 
 
 1. Beginnings of the Revolution. 1761-63. 
 
 2. Colonial Taxation. 1764-70. 
 
 3. Development of the Revolution. 1770-74. 
 
 4. Continental Congress. 1774-76. 
 
 5. Declaration of Independence. 1776. 
 
 6. State Constitutions. 1776-84. 
 
 7. Foreign Relations. 1775-82. 
 
 8. Articles of Confederation. 1775-81. 
 
 9. Military and Naval Operations. 1775-83. 
 
 10. Treaty of Peace. 1779-83. 
 
 11. The Loyalists. 1776-83. 
 
 12. Western Land Claims. 1776-1802. 
 
 13. Ordinance of 1787. 
 
 14. Failure of the Confederation. 1783-87. 
 
 15. The Federal Constitution. 1787-90. 
 
I, 1. GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE BEFORE COLUMBUS. 
 
 I. Ancient Geographers. 
 
 1. Plato and Aristotle. 4th cent. B. C. 
 
 2. Eratosthenes. 3d cent. B. C. 
 
 3. Mariniis of Tyre. 2d cent. B. C. 
 
 4. Strabo. 20 B. C. 
 
 5. Ptolemy. 150 A. D. 
 
 II. Early Geographical Ideas. 
 
 1. Form and size of the earth. 
 
 2. Shape and extent of the known world. 
 
 3. Proportion of land and water. 
 
 4. Ancient suggestions of western land. 
 
 III. Early Traditions of Western Land. 
 
 1. Atlantis. 
 
 2. St. Brandan's Isle. 
 
 3. Antilia and the Seven Cities. 
 
 4. Brazil. 
 
 IV. Mediaeval Travels and Cosmography. 
 
 1. Results of the Mongol conquest. 1205-1368. 
 
 2. Carpine and Rubruck. 1245-47, 1253-55. 
 
 3. Marco Polo. 1271-95. 
 
 4. Friar Oderic. 1316-30. 
 
 5. Sir John Mandeville. d. 1372. 
 
 6. Cardinal D'Ailly's "Imago Mundi." c. 1410. 
 
 7. Martin Behaim's globe. 1492. 
 
 V. Portngnese Discoveries. 
 
 1. Prince Henry, the Navigator. 1394-1460. 
 
 a. Capture of Ceuta. 1415. 
 
 b. Madeiras rediscovered. 1418-20. 
 
 c. Azores discovered. 1431. 
 
 d. Cape Bojador passed. 1434. 
 
e. Beginning of slave trade. 1441. 
 
 f. Cape Verde and Cape Verde Islands. 1455-56. 
 
 g. Mauro 's map. 1457-60. 
 
 2. Exploration of the South African coast. 1469-84. 
 
 3. Discovery of the Cape. 1486-87. 
 
 4. Voyage of Vasco da Gama. 1497-99, 
 
 5. Voyage of Cabral. 1500. 
 
 6. Discovery and conquest of the Moluccas. 1511, 1521. 
 
 I, 2. PRE-COLUMBIAN DISCOVERIES OF AMERICA. 
 
 I. Minor Claims. 
 
 1. Fusang story, c. 500. 
 
 2. Story of Prince Madoc. 1170. 
 
 3. Voyage and map of the Zeni. 1390, 1558. 
 
 II. Alleged Norse Discovery. 1000. 
 
 1. Discovery of Iceland and Greenland. 874-76. 
 
 2. Greenland colony. 10th-15th cent. 
 
 3. Character and history of the sagas. 
 
 4. Story of Norse discovery. 
 
 a. Saga of Eric the Red. 
 
 b. Flat Island book. 
 
 c. Identification of places. 
 
 d. Credibility of the story. 
 
 5. Supposed corroborative mention. 
 
 6. Supposed remains. 
 
 7. Relation to Columbian discovery. 
 
 I, 3. DISCOVERY OF AMERICA. 
 
 I. Prelude. 
 
 1. Improvement of nautical instruments. 
 
 2. Invention of printing. 1450. 
 
 3. Mediaeval trade routes to India. 
 
4. Advance of the Ottoman Turks. 1350-1516. 
 
 5. State of Europe in 1492. 
 
 II. Early Life of Columbus. 1451-92. 
 
 1. Birth, education and occupation. 1451-74. 
 
 2. Life in Portugal. 1476-85. 
 
 a. Marriage. 1479. 
 
 b. Alleged Toscanelli letter, c. 1481. 
 
 3. Application to Spain. 1485-92. Reasons for delay. 
 
 4. Contract and patent of nobility. April 17, 30, 1492. 
 
 m. Four Voyages. 1492-1506. 
 
 1. First voyage. Aug. 3, 1492-March 15, 1493. 
 
 a. Preparation for the voyage. 
 
 b. Journal and letters of Columbus. 
 
 c. Story of the voyage. 
 
 d. Question of landfall. Oct. 12, 1492. 
 
 2. Second voyage. Sept. 25, 1493-June 11, 1496. 
 
 Exploration, colonization and slavery. 
 
 3. Third voyage. May 30, 1498-Nov. 25, 1500. 
 
 Mainland, arrest and return. 
 
 4. Map of Juan de la Cosa. 1500. 
 
 5. Fourth voyage. May 11, 1502-Nov. 7, 1504. 
 
 6. Death of Columbus. May 20, 1506. Character. 
 
 IV. Division of the World. 1493-1529. 
 
 1. Source of papal authority. 
 
 2. Prior grants to Portugal. 1452, 1454, 1481. 
 
 3. Bulls of donation. May 3, 4 ; Sept. 26, 1493. 
 
 4. Treaty of Tordesillas. June 7, 1494. 
 
 5. Voyage of Magellan. 1519-22. 
 
 6. Controversy over the Moluccas. 
 
 a. Congress of Badajos. 1524. 
 
 b. Treaty of Saragossa. 1529. 
 
 7. Location of the demarcation line. 
 
V. Results. 
 
 1. Contemporary impression produced in Europe. 
 
 2. Discovery of America a gradual process. 
 
 3. How long was America thought to be Asia? 
 
 4. Advantages derived by Europe. 
 
 I, 4. DISCOVERY OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 I. John Cabot. 
 
 1. Early life. Naturalization. 1476. 
 
 2. First patent. March 5, 1496. 
 
 3. First voyage. May 2-Aug. 6, 1497. 
 
 a. Letters of Pasqualigo and Soncino. 
 
 b. Place and date of landfall. June 24? 
 
 c. Did Sebastian go? 
 
 4. Second patent. Feb. 8, 1498. 
 
 5. Second voyage. 1498, 
 
 6. Evidence of the Cabot map. 1544. 
 
 7. Accounts of sixteenth century historians. 
 
 8. Reasons for not continuing the voyages. 
 
 9. English claim to North America. 1580-82. 
 
 II. Sebastian Cabot. 
 
 • 1. Controversy about his birthplace. , 
 
 2. Spanish service. 1512-47. 
 
 3. La Plata expedition. 1526-30. 
 
 4. English service. 1547-57. 
 
 5. Expedition of Chancellor and Willoughby. 1553. 
 
 a. Purpose and results. 
 
 b. Incorporation of the Muscovy company. 1555. 
 
 6. Death and character, c. 1557. 
 
 III. The Cortereals. 1500-1502. 
 
 1. Patent to Joao Fernandez. Oct. 28, 1499. 
 
2. Patent to Gaspar Cortereal. May 12, 1500. 
 
 3. Gaspar 's voyage in 1500. 
 
 4. Gaspar 's voyage in 1501. Two ships return. Oct. 8, 11. 
 
 5. Cantino map. 1502, 
 
 6. Voyage of Miguel Cortereal. 1502. 
 
 I, 5. NAMING OF AMERICA. 
 
 I. Amerigo Vespucci. 1452-1512. 
 
 1. Early life. 1452-97. 
 
 2. Letter to Lorenzo de Medici. 1503. 
 
 "Mundus Novus." 1503. 
 
 3. Letter to Soderini. Sept. 4, 1504. 
 
 4. Arguments for and against voyage of 1497-98. 
 
 5. Second voyage. 1499-1500. 
 
 6. Third voyage. 1501-2. 
 
 7. Fourth voyage. 1503-4. 
 
 8. Later career and death. Feb. 22, 1512. 
 
 II. Naming of America. 
 
 1. Vosgian gymnase at St. Die. 
 
 2. Account of Martin Waldseemiiller. 
 
 3. "Cosmographiae Introductio." 1507. 
 
 Source of the letter. 
 
 4. Waldseemiiller map. 1507. 
 
 5. Use of the name on early maps. 
 
 6. Date of its general acceptance. 
 
 7. Summary of steps in the naming of America, 
 
 8. Responsibility of Vespucci? 
 
 I, 6. SPANISH EXPLORATION IN NORTH AMERICA. 1513-43. 
 
 I. Florida. 1512-42. 
 1. Ponce de Leon. 
 
10 
 
 a. Legend of Bimini. 
 
 b. Authorization. Feb. 23, 1512. 
 
 c. Discovery of Florida. March 27, 1513. 
 
 d. Second expedition and death. 1521. 
 
 2. Garay's expedition. 1519. 
 
 Pineda's discovery of the Mississippi. 
 
 3. Ayllon's expeditions. 1521-26. 
 
 Site and fate of San Miguel. 
 
 4. Voyage of Gomez. 1524-25. 
 
 5. Narvaez. 1528. (Conquest of Mexico. 1519-21.) 
 
 Wanderings of Cabeza de Vaca. 1528-36. 
 
 6. De Soto. 1539-42. (Conquest of Peru. 1531-37.) 
 
 Sources and route. 
 
 n. New Mexico and California. 1536-43. 
 
 1. Reports of Cabeza de Vaca. 1536. 
 2 Exploration of Father Marcos. 1539. 
 
 3. Coronado's expedition. 1540-42. 
 
 a. Sources of information. 
 
 b. Route of the main expedition. 
 
 c. Branch expeditions. 
 
 4, Voyage of Cabrillo and Ferrelo. 1542-43. 
 
 I, 7. EARLY FRENCH EXPLORATION AND COLONIZATION. 
 
 I. Early Exploration. 1524-44. 
 
 1. Verrazano's voyage and map. 1524, 1529, 
 
 2. Cartier's first and second voyages. 1534, 1535-36. 
 
 3. Cartier's third voyage and Robeval. 1541-44. 
 
 II. French and Spaniards in Florida. 1562-68. 
 
 1. Ribault's colony at Port Royal. 1562. 
 
 2. Laudonniere builds Fort Caroline. 1563. 
 
 3. Menendez founds St. Augustine. 1565. 
 
 4. Massacre of the French. 1565. 
 
 5. Vengeance of de Gourgues. 1568. 
 
11 
 
 in. Champlain and the Colonization of New France. 1603-35. 
 
 1. Champlain 's West Indian voyage. 1599-1601. 
 
 2. Champlain 's first Canadian voyage. 1603. 
 
 3. Second voyage. 1604-7. 
 
 a. Patent to De Monts. 1603. 
 
 b. DeMonts's settlements. 1604-7. 
 
 c. Champlain 's explorations. 1604, 1605, 1606. 
 
 4. Third voyage. 1608-9. 
 
 a. Founding of Quebec. 1608. 
 
 b. Battle with the Iroquois. 1609. 
 
 5. Founding of Montreal. 1611. 
 
 6. Ascent of the Ottawa river. 1613. 
 
 7. Expedition to Lakes Huron and Ontario. 1615-16. 
 
 8. Company of New France. 1627-64. 
 
 9. Capture and restoration of Quebec. 1629-32. 
 10. Death of Champlain. Dec. 25, 1635. 
 
 I, 8. BEGINNINGS OF ENGLISH INTEREST. 
 
 I. John Hawkins, Slave Trader. 1532-95. 
 
 1. First voyage. 1562-63. 
 
 2. Second voyage : return by North America. 1564-65. 
 
 3. Third voyage: San Juan d'Ulloa. 1567-69. 
 
 II. Francis Drake, Pirate, c. 1540-96. 
 
 1. Fifth voyage. 1572. 
 
 2. "Encompassing of the world." 1577-80. 
 
 a. Purpose and course. 
 
 b. Anchorage on the California coast. 
 
 3. Expedition to the Spanish Main. 1585-86. 
 
 4. Attack upon Cadiz. 1587. 
 
 5. Defeat of the Spanish Armada. 1588. 
 
 6. Expedition to Panama. 1595-96. 
 
 Death of Hawkins and Drake. 
 
12 
 
 III. Results. 
 
 1. Expansion of English trade. 
 
 2. Beginning of English naval power. 
 
 3. Beginning of English interest in America. 
 
 I, 9. BEGINNINGS OF ENGLISH COLONIZATION. 1576-1606. 
 
 I. Sir Humphrey Gilbert, c. 1539-83. 
 
 1. Gilbert's "Discourse of a Northwest Passage." 1576. 
 
 2. Frobisher's three voyages, 1576-78. 
 
 Publication of the narratives. 
 
 3. Gilbert's patent and first voyage. 1578. 
 
 4. Gilbert's Newfoundland voyage. 1583. 
 
 a. Carlile's "Discourse of Intended Voyage." 
 
 b. Hayes's "Report of the Voyage." 
 
 c. Peckham's "True Report of the Discoveries.*' 
 
 5. Three voyages of John Davis. 1585-87. 
 
 II. Sir Walter Raleg-h. 1552-1618. 
 
 1, Ralegh's patent. 1584. 
 
 2, Ralegh's five voyages. 1584-88. 
 
 a. Amadas and Barlowe. 1584. 
 
 b. Grenville-Lane colony. 1585. 
 
 1. Heriot's "True Report." 1588. 
 
 2. Tobacco and potatoes. 
 
 c. Grenville leaves fifteen men. 1586. 
 
 d. White's colony. 1587. 
 
 e. Buccaneering, 1588. 
 
 3, White's search, 1590, 
 
 4, Fate of the "lost colony"? 
 
 5, Gosnold, Pring and Weymouth. 1602, 1603, 1605. 
 
 6, Causes of Ralegh's failure. 
 
 7, Results of his voyages. 
 
 8, Ralegh's later life. 
 
13 
 
 a. Expeditions to Guiana. 1595-96, 1617. 
 
 b. Attainder of treason. 1603, 1618. 
 
 III. Richard Hakluyt, Preacher. 1552-1616. 
 
 1. English books on America before 1582. 
 
 2. Hakluyt 's life and works. 
 
 a. "Divers voyages." 1582. 
 
 b. "Discourse of Western Planting." 1584. 
 
 c. "Four Voyages into Florida." 1587. 
 
 d. "Decades" of Peter Martyr. 1587. 
 
 e. "Principal Navigations." 1589,1598-1600. 
 
 f. "Discoveries of the World." 1601. 
 
 g. "Virginia Richly Valued." 1609. 
 
 3. Samuel Purchas. 1577-1628. 
 
 a. "Purchas, his Pilgrimage." 1613. 
 
 b. "Purchas, his Pil grimes." 1625. 
 
 IV. Economic Conditions in England. 
 
 1. High cost of living. 
 
 2. Sequestration of the monasteries. 
 
 3. Enclosures. 
 
 4. End of the wars. 
 
 V. Motives of English Colonization. 
 
 1. Desire for gold. 
 
 2. Hope of a passage to India. 
 
 3. Supply of commodities not produced in England. 
 
 4. Market for English manufactures. 
 
 5. Outlet for surplus population. 
 
 6. Encouragement of shipping and the navy. 
 
 7. Barrier to extension of Spanish power. 
 
 8. Religious propagandism. 
 
 I, 10. CARTOGRAPHY AND LITERATURE OF AMERICA. 
 
 1500-1615. 
 
 I. Maps. 1500-99. 
 
 1. Juan de la Cosa. 1500. 
 
14 
 
 2. Cantino. 1502. 
 
 3. Canerio. 1503. 
 
 4. Waldseemiiller. 1507. 
 
 5. Kuysch. 1508. 
 
 6. Schoner's Globes. 1515, 1520. 
 
 7. Apianus. 1520. 
 
 8. Ribero. 1529. 
 
 9. Mercator. 1538, 1541, 1569. 
 
 10. Cabot. 1544. 
 
 11. Ortelius. 1570. 
 
 12. Wright-Hakluyt. 1599. 
 
 II. Books. 1507-1615. 
 
 1. "Paese novamente retrouvati." 1507. 
 
 2. Peter Martyr's "Decades." 1511, 1530. 
 
 3. Ferdinand's "Columbus." 1571. 
 
 4. Las Casas : History of the Indies. 1527-61. 
 
 5. Oviedo : History of the Indies. 1535-57. 
 
 6. Ramusio : Voyages and Navigations. 1550-59. 
 
 7. Gomara : History of the West Indies. 1552. 
 
 8. Galvano : Discoveries of the World. 1563. 
 
 9. Hakluyt : Principal Navigations. 1598-1600. 
 
 10. Herrera : General History of West Indies. 1601-15. 
 
 n, 1. VIRGINIA. 
 
 I. Virginia Company. 1606-12. 
 
 1. First patent. April 10, 1606. 
 
 2. Second patent. May 23, 1609. 
 
 3. Third patent. March 12, 1612. 
 
 II. Early Years of the Colony. 1607-24. 
 
 1. Founding of Jamestown. 1607. 
 
 2. Character and services of John Smith. 1607-9. 
 
 3. The "starving time." 1609-10. 
 
15 
 
 4. Dale's rule. 1611-16. 
 
 5. Argall's government. 1617-19. 
 
 6. First representative assembly. July 30, 1619. 
 
 7. Introduction of slavery. August 1619. 
 
 8. Ordinance for Virginia. July 24, 1621. 
 
 9. Indian massacre. March 22, 1622. 
 
 10. Abrogation of the patent. June 16, 1624. 
 
 m. Later Events. 1652-93. 
 
 1. Government of the Commonwealth. 1652-60. 
 
 2. Bacon's rebellion. 1676. 
 
 3. William and Mary College founded. 1693. 
 
 II, 2. PLYMOUTH AND MASSACHUSETTS BAY. 
 
 I. Council for New England. 1606-35. 
 
 1. Patent of 1606. 
 
 2. Popham colony. 1607-8. 
 
 3. John Smith's exploration. 1614-15. 
 
 4. Council for New England. Nov. 3, 1620. 
 
 5. Division of the territory. Feb. 3, 1635. 
 
 6. Surrender of the Charter. June 7. 
 
 n. Pilgrims. 1606-20. 
 
 1. Origin and tenets of the Separatists. 
 
 2. Separatist congregation at Scrooby. 1606. 
 
 3. Migration to Holland. 1608-9. 
 
 4. Leyden congregation. 1609-20. 
 
 5. Reasons for leaving Holland. 
 
 m. Plymouth Colony. 1620-91. 
 
 1. Negotiations with the Virginia Company. 1617-20. 
 
 2. Agreement with the London merchants. July 1, 1620. 
 
 3. Voyage of the Mayflower. Sept. 6-Nov. 11. 
 
 4. Mayflower agreement. Nov. 11. 
 
 5. "Landing of the Pilgrims." Dec. 11. 
 
16 
 
 6. First patent. June 1, 1621. 
 
 7. London merchants bought out. 1626. 
 
 8. Bradford's patent. Jan. 13, 1630. 
 
 9. Patent assigned to the freemen. March 2, 1641. 
 10. Mode of life and government. 1620-91. 
 
 IV. English Puritans. 1553-1625. 
 
 1. Results of the Marian persecution. 1553-58. 
 
 2. Stages in development under Elizabeth. 1558-1603. 
 
 3. Acts of supremacy and uniformity. 1559. 
 
 4. Whitgift's persecution. 1583-1604. 
 
 5. Millenary petition. 1603. 
 
 6. Hampton Court Conference. 1604. 
 
 7. Growth under James I. 1603-25. 
 
 V. Massachusetts Bay Company. 1628. 
 
 1. Dorchester fishing colony on Cape Ann. 1622-26. 
 
 2. Patent from Council for New Eng. March 19, 1628. 
 
 3. Endicott's settlement at Salem. 1628. 
 
 4. Winthrop's "Conclusions." 1629. 
 
 5. Royal Charter. ]\Iarch 4. 
 
 > 6. Cambridge Agreement. Aug. 29. 
 
 {■' 7. Transfer of the charter to America. 1630. 
 
 VI. Massachusetts Bay Colony. 1628-44. 
 
 1. The "Great Migration." 1628-40. 
 
 2. Settlement of Boston. 1630. 
 
 3. Form of government. 
 
 a. Limitation of suffrage. 1631. 
 
 b. System of representation begun. 1632-34. 
 
 c. Separation of houses. 1644. 
 
 4. Attempts to vacate the charter. 1633, 1635. 
 
 5. Harvard College founded. 1636-38. 
 
 6. Body of Liberties. 1641. 
 
17 
 
 VII. Antinomian Controversy. 1637. 
 
 1. Meaning of antinomian. 1535. 
 
 2. Antinomian party in Boston. 1637. 
 
 3. Trial of Wheelwright, aiareh 19-20, Nov. 14. 
 
 4. Contest between Winthrop and Vane. May 27. 
 
 5. Synod of Cambridge. Aug. 30-Oct. 2. 
 
 6. Trial of Mrs. Hutchinson. Nov. 17-18. 
 
 7. Was exclusion a political necessity? 
 
 II, 3. RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 I. Roger Williams. 1607-84. 
 
 1. Early life and education. 1607-31. 
 
 2. Life in Plymouth and Salem. 1631-35. 
 
 3. Trial and banishment. Oct. 9, 1635. 
 
 4. Arguments for and against Williams. 
 
 II. Planting of the Rhode Island Towns. 1636-63. 
 
 1. Settlement of Providence. 1636. 
 
 2. Settlement of Portsmouth and Newport. 1638-39. 
 
 3. First Baptist Church in America. , 1639. 
 
 4. Gorton's settlement and difficulties. 1643-48. 
 
 5. Patent for Providence Plantations. March 14, 1644. 
 
 6. Coddington's usurpation. 1651-54. 
 
 7. Charter. July 8, 1663. 
 
 II, 4. CONNECTICUT AND NEW HAVEN. 
 
 I. Connecticut Colony. 1632-62. 
 
 1. The "Old Patent." 1632. 
 
 2. Dutch fort at Hartford. June 1633. 
 
 3. Plymouth trading post at Windsor. Oct. 
 
 4. Winthrop and Fenwick at Saybrook. 1635-44. 
 
 5. Emigration from IMassachusetts Bay. 
 
 a. Reasons for emigration. 
 
 b. Settlers at Weathersfield and Windsor. 1634. 
 
18 
 
 e. Settlement of Hartford by Hooker. 1636, 
 d. Union of the towns. 1637. 
 
 6. Pequod war. 1637. 
 
 7. The "Fundamental Orders." 1639. 
 
 8. Connecticut charter. 1662. 
 
 n. New Haven Colony. 1638-65. 
 
 1. Purpose of Davenport and Eaton. 1637. 
 
 2. Settlement of New Haven. 1638. 
 
 3. The "Fundamental Articles." 1639. 
 
 4. Settlement of other towns. 
 
 5. Union of the towns. 1643. 
 
 6. Eaton's code. 1656. 
 
 7. Annexation to Connecticut. 1665. 
 
 II, 5. MAINE AND NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 I. Maine. 1621-91. 
 
 1. Pemaquid. 
 
 a. Grants to Sir. Wm. Alexander. 1621, 1635. 
 
 b. Grants to the Duke of York. 1664, 1674. 
 
 c. Annexed to Mass. Bay. 1691. 
 
 2. Maine. 
 
 a. Grant to Mason and Gorges. 1622. 
 
 b. Charter to Gorges. 1639. 
 
 c. Purchase by Mass. Bay. 1678. 
 
 n. New Hampshire. 1623-91. 
 
 1. Settlement of Portsmouth and Dover. 1623. 
 
 2. Grants to Mason. 1629, 1635. 
 
 3. Settlement of Exeter and Hampton. 1638. 
 
 4. Union with Mass. Bay. 1641-79. 
 
 5. Eoyal province. 1679-85. 
 
 6. Second union with Mass. Bay. 1685-91. 
 
19 
 n, 6. MARYLAND. 
 
 I. Avalon. 1620-29. 
 
 1. Whitbourne's "Discourse." 1620. 
 
 2. Disabilities of the English Catholics. 
 
 3. Career and character of George Calvert. 
 
 4. Charter of Avalon. 1623. 
 
 5. Baltimore in Newfoundland and Virginia. 1627-29. 
 
 n. Settlement of Maryland. 1632-49. 
 
 1. Charter to Cecil Calvert. June 20, 1632. 
 
 2. Settlement at St. Mary's. 1634. 
 
 3. Development of representative government. 
 
 a. First assembly. Feb. 1635. 
 
 b. Question of initiative. 1636-38. 
 
 c. Establishment of representation. 1638. 
 
 d. Separation of the houses. 1650. 
 
 4. Contest with Clayborne. 1635-38. 
 
 5. Establishment of the manorial system. 1641. 
 
 6. Clayborne and Ingle's rebellion. 1645-47. 
 
 7. Toleration act. 1649. 
 
 8. Settlement of Providence (Annapolis). 1649. 
 
 m. Later History. 1654-1729. 
 
 1. Clayborne and Bennetts' rebellion. 1654-58. 
 
 2. Fendall's rebellion. 1659-60. (Interregnum.) 
 
 3. Treatment of the Quakers. 1659. 
 
 4. Coode's rebellion. 1689. (Revolution of 1688.) 
 
 5. Royal government. 1691-1715. 
 
 6. Persecution of the Catholics. 1691-1717. 
 
 7. Founding of Baltimore. 1729. 
 
 n, 7. NEW YORK AND DELAWARE. 
 
 I. Rise of the Netherlands. 
 
 1. Revolt of the Dutch. 1568-1609. 
 
20 
 
 2. Spanish control of Portugal. 1580-1640, 
 
 3. Dutch conquest of Portuguese colonies. 1588-1609. 
 
 4. Twelve years' truce. 1609-21. 
 
 5. Renewal of the Spanish war. 1621-48. 
 
 II. New Netherland. 1607-64. 
 
 1. Hudson's four voyages. 1607-10. 
 
 2. Exploration of Block and others. 1610-14. 
 
 3. Grants of trading privileges. Mar. 27, Oct. 11, 1614. 
 
 4. Charter of Dutch West India Company. June 3, 1621. 
 
 5. Settlement of Walloons by the Company. 1623. 
 
 6. Founding of New Amsterdam. 1626. 
 
 7. Patroon system and its restriction. 1629, 1640. 
 
 8. Algonkin war. 1641-45. 
 
 9. Conquest of New Sweden. 1655. 
 10. Elements of weakness. 
 
 III. New York. 1664-91. 
 
 1. Grant to Duke of York. March 12, 1664. 
 
 Clarendon's ulterior purposes. 
 
 2. English conquest. Aug. 29. 
 
 3. The Duke's laws. 1665. 
 
 4. Treaty of Breda. 1667. 
 
 5. Dutch reoccupation. 1673-74. 
 
 6. Government of Andros. 1647-83. 
 
 7. Dongan. 1683-88. 
 
 a. Assembly and Charter of Liberties. 1683. 
 
 b. Indian treaty at Albany. 1684. 
 
 8. Annexation to New England. 1688. 
 
 9. Leisler's revolution. 1689-91. 
 
 rv. New Sweden and Delaware. 1623-1703. 
 
 1. Dutch build Fort Nassau. 1623. 
 
 2. Charter of the Swedish West India Company. 1624-28. 
 
 3. Dutch settlement at Swaanendael. 1631-32. 
 
 4. Swedish colony at Fort Christina. 1638. 
 
21 
 
 5. Attempted English settlement. 1641-42. 
 
 6. Dutch conquest. 1655. 
 
 7. English conquest. 1664. 
 
 8. Grant to Penn. 1682. 
 
 9. Separate assembly. 1703. - 
 
 II, 8. NEW JERSEY. 
 
 I. Beginnings. 1664-74. 
 
 1. Grant to Duke of York. March 12, 1664. 
 
 2. Release to Berkeley and Carteret. June 24. 
 
 3. Concessions of the Proprietors. Feb. 10, 1665, 
 
 4. Middletown, Elizabeth and Newark founded. 1665-66. 
 
 5. First assembly. 1668. 
 
 6. Dutch occupation. 1673-74. ' 
 
 II. Division and Reunion. 1674-1738. 
 
 1. Berkeley's sale to Quakers. ]\Iarch 18, 1674. 
 
 2. Grant of East Jersey to Carteret. July 29. 
 
 3. Quintipartite deed. July 1, 1676. 
 
 4. West New Jersey. 
 
 a. Concessions of the Proprietors. March 3, 1677. 
 
 b. Regrant by Duke of York. Aug. 6, 1680. 
 
 5. East New Jersey. 
 
 a. Contest between Carteret and Andros. 1678-81. 
 
 b. Purchase by Penn and others. Feb. 1, 1682. 
 
 c. Regrant by Duke of York. March 14, 1683. 
 
 d. Fundamental Constitutions. 1683. 
 
 e. King's letter recognizing jurisdiction. Nov. 23. 
 
 6. Surrender of both Jerseys. 1688-90, 1702. 
 
 7. Union with New York. 1702-38. 
 
 8. Independent colony. 1738. 
 
 II, 9. PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 I. Rise of tlie Quakers. 
 
 1. Life of George Fox. 1624-91. 
 
22 
 
 2. Doctrines and peculiar practices. 
 
 3. Growth and persecution in England. 1647-80. 
 
 4. Early life of William Penn. 1644-80. 
 
 II. Pennsylvania. ^ 
 
 1. Charter to Penn. March 4, 1681. 
 
 2. Penn's "Concessions." July 11. 
 
 3. Penn's first "Frame of Government." April 25, 1682. 
 
 4. Acquisition of Delaware. August 24. 
 
 5. Founding of Philadelphia. Sept. 
 
 6. Penn's first visit to America. 1682-84. 
 
 7. Second or "Pa. and Del. Frame." April 2, 1683. 
 
 8. Penn dispossessed. 1692-94. 
 
 9. Third or "Markham's Frame." 1696. 
 
 10. Penn's second visit. 1699-1701. 
 
 11. Fourth "Frame" or "Charter of Privileges." 1701. 
 
 12. Later life of Penn. 1712-18. 
 
 13. German and Scotch-Irish immigration. 
 
 14. Boundary controversies with Maryland. 
 
 15. Quarrels with the Proprietors. 
 
 n, 10. THE CAROLINAS AND GEORGIA. 
 
 I. Oarolina. 1629-80. 
 
 1. Grant to Sir Robert Heath. 1629-63. 
 
 2. Settlement on the Chowan (Albemarle). 1653. 
 
 3. Settlements at Cape Fear (Clarendon). 1660-65. 
 
 4. First charter. March 24, 1663. 
 
 5. The Proprietors' "proposals." August 25, 
 
 6. Second charter. June 30, 1665. 
 
 7. The Grand Model. 1669-98. 
 
 8. Debtor law in Albemarle. 1669. 
 
 9. Settlement of Charleston. 1670, 1680. 
 
23 
 
 n. The Carolinas. 1680-1745. 
 
 1. Huguenot immigration. 1680-1707. 
 
 2. Introduction of rice. 1691. 
 
 3. Indian wars. 1711-16. 
 
 4. Extinction of proprietary government. 1719, 1729. 
 
 5. German immigration. 1720. 
 
 6. Virginia boundary line. 1728, 1749. 
 
 7. Boundary between the provinces. 1735-37. 
 
 8. Scotch immigration. 1745. 
 
 in. Georgia. 1732-64. 
 
 1. Oglethorpe and the Georgia Company. Feb. 28, 1732. 
 
 2. Charter. June 9. 
 
 3. Settlement. 1733-36. 
 
 a. Oglethorpe founds Savannah. 1733. 
 
 b. The " grand emigration. " 1736. 
 
 4. War with the Spaniards. 1739-43. 
 
 a. Expedition against St. Augustine. 1740. 
 
 b. Spanish repulse at Frederica. 1742. 
 
 5. Oglethorpe's return to England. 1743. 
 
 6. Admission of slaves and rum. 1749. 
 
 7. Surrender of the charter. June 23, 1752. 
 
 8. Boundary changes. 1763, 1764. 
 
 n, 11. NEW ENGLAND. 1643-93. 
 
 I. New England Confederation. 1643-84. 
 
 1. Adoption and analysis of the Articles. 1643. 
 
 2. Controversy with Mass. Bay. 1653. 
 
 3. Decline of the Confederation. 1662-84. 
 
 4. Importance as a precedent. 
 
24 
 
 II. Quakers in Mass. Bay. 1656-77. 
 
 1. Arrival of the first Quakers. July 11, 1656. 
 
 2. Acts against them. 1656-58. 
 
 3. Execution of four. 1659-61. 
 
 4. Trial of Wenlock Christison. 1661. 
 
 5. Popular reaction and defeat of the theocracy. 
 
 6. The King's letters. Sept. 9, 1661; June 28, 1662. 
 
 7. Excuses for Mass. Bay, 
 
 III. King Philip's War. 1675-78. 
 
 1. Conditions that produced the war. 
 
 2. Attack upon Philip at Mount Hope. June 1675. 
 
 3. Rising of the Nipmunks and Narragansetts. 
 
 4. Joint expedition and the "Swamp Fight." Dec. 19. 
 
 5. Capture and execution of Canonchet. April 5, 1676. 
 
 6. Return and death of Philip. Aug. 12, 
 
 7. War on the northern frontier until 1678. Results. 
 
 IV. Struggle for the Mass, Bay Charter. 1635-91. 
 
 1. First attack upon the charter. 1635-39, 
 
 2. Contest with the Royal Commissioners. 1664. 
 
 3. Mission of Edward Randolph. 1676-82. 
 
 4. Resolutions of the General Court, 1680, 
 
 5. Charter annulled. 1684. 
 
 6. Government of Andros. 1686-89. 
 
 7. Grant and provisions of the new charter, 1691. 
 
 V. Salem Witchcraft. 1691-93. 
 
 1. Nature and evidence of witchcraft. 
 
 2. Period of delusion in' Continental Europe. 
 
 3. Witchcraft in England and in English law. 
 
 4. Causes of depression in Mass, Bay, 
 
 5. Origin of the Salem epidemic. 1691. 
 
 6. History of the Salem trials and executions, 1691-93. 
 
 7. Responsibility of the jMathers. 
 
25 
 
 m, 1. LATER FRENCH EXPLORATION AND COLONIZATION. 
 
 1634-1754. 
 
 I. Exploration of the Great Lakes. 1634-70. 
 
 1. Nicolet's expedition to Lake Michigan. 1634-35. 
 
 2. Journey of Raymbault and Jogues to the Sault. 1641. 
 
 3. Expeditions of Radisson and Groseilliers. 1655-60. 
 
 4. Allouez's Lake Superior and Wisconsin missions. 1665-69. 
 
 5. Journey of Dollier and Galinee. 1669-70. 
 
 II. Exploration of the Mississippi. 1669-1700. 
 
 1. Supposed expedition of La Salle. 1669-70. 
 
 2. Jolliet's discovery of the Mississippi. 1673-74. 
 
 3. La Salle's expedition to Illinois. 1679-80. 
 
 4. Hennepin's exploration of the upper Mississippi. 1680. 
 
 5. La Salle's exploration of the lower Mississippi. 1681-82. 
 
 6. Franquelin map. 1684. 
 
 7. La Salle's Texan colony. 1684-87. 
 
 8. Books of Hennepin and Le Clerq. 1683-98. 
 
 9. Kaskaskia and Cahokia. 1695, 1700. 
 
 III. Colonization of Louisiana. 1699-1754. 
 
 1. Expeditions of Iberville and Bienville. 1699-1701. 
 
 2. License to Crozat. 1712-17. 
 
 3. Grant to the "Mississippi Company." 1717-31. 
 
 4. Annexation of the Illinois country. 1717. 
 
 5. Founding of New Orleans. 1718-23. 
 
 6. French posts in the West. 1699-1754. 
 
 Ill, 2. EARLY FRENCH WARS. 1689-1748. 
 
 I. King William's War. 1689-97. 
 
 1. Expedition against Hudson Bay. 1686. 
 
 2. War of the Palatinate. 1689-97. 
 
26 
 
 3. Schenectady, Salmon Falls and Fort Loyal. 1690, 
 
 4. Leisler's convention. 1690. 
 
 5. Capture and loss of Port Royal. 1690-91. 
 
 6. Expedition against Quebec. 1690. 
 
 7. French in Newfoundland and Hudson Bay. 1694-97. 
 
 8. Treaty of Ryswick. 1697. 
 
 II. Queen Anne's War. 1702-13. 
 
 1. War of the Spanish Succession. 1701-14. 
 
 2. Attack upon Deerfield. 1704. 
 
 3. Second capture of Port Royal (Annapolis). 1710. 
 
 4. Expedition against Quebec. 1711. 
 
 5. Treaty of Utrecht and the "Assiento." 1713. 
 
 in. King George's War. 1744-48. 
 
 1. War of Jenkins's ear. 1739-41. 
 
 2. • War of the Austrian Succession. 1740-48. 
 
 3. Capture of Louisbourg. 1745. 
 
 4. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. 1748. 
 
 IV. Results. 
 
 1. Increased community of colonial interest. 
 
 2. Growing antagonism toward England. 
 
 3. English realization of necessity for reorganization. 
 
 Ill, 3. PLANS OF COLONIAL UNION. 1643-1754. 
 I. Difficulties of Union. 
 
 1. Isolation and difficulty of communication. 
 
 2. Intercolonial antagonism and jealousy. 
 
 3. Boundary and commercial controversies. 
 
 n. Early Plans of Union. 1643-1722. 
 
 1. New England Confederation. 1643-84. 
 
 2. Leisler's convention. 1690. 
 
 3. Penn's plan of union. 1697. 
 
 4. Coxe's plan. 1722. 
 
27 
 
 in. Albany Congress. June 19-July 11, 1754. 
 
 1. Call for the Congress. Sept. 18, 1753. 
 
 2. Colonies represented. 1754. 
 
 3. Legislative history of Franklin's plan. June 24-July 10. 
 
 4. Provisions of Franklin's plan. 
 
 5. Reception of the plan in the colonies. 
 
 6. Plan of the Board of Trade. Aug. 9. 
 
 in, 4. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 1754-63. 
 
 I. Beginning of the War. 1754. 
 
 1. Territorial claims of England and France. 1748-54. 
 
 2. Mission of Celoron de Bienville. 1749. 
 
 3. Gist's explorations. 1750-51, 1751-52. 
 
 4. Washington's mission to the French. 1753-54. 
 
 5. Fort Duquesne built. 1754. 
 
 6. Washington's fight with French scouts. May 28. 
 
 7. Capitulation at Fort Necessity. July 4. 
 
 n. French Successes. 1755-57. 
 
 1. Braddock's defeat. July 9, 1755. 
 
 2. Expedition against Niagara. July-October. 
 
 3. Battle of Lake George. Sept. 8. 
 
 4. Removal of the Acadians. Sept.-Dee. 
 
 5. Declaration of the "Seven Years' War." May 18, 1756. 
 
 6. Fall of Oswego. Aug. 14. 
 
 7. Expedition against Louisbourg, June-August 1757. 
 
 8. Capture and massacre of Fort William Henry. Aug. 9. 
 
 III. English Successes. 1758. 
 
 1. Ministry of William Pitt. 1757-61. 
 
 2. Abercrombie's defeat at Ticonderoga. July 8, 1758. 
 
 3. Siege and capture of Louisbourg. June 7-July 26. 
 
 4. Capture of Fort Frontenac. Aug. 26. 
 
 5. Forbes 's expedition against Fort Duquesne. June-Nov. 
 
 IV. Conquest of Canada. 1759-60. 
 
 1. Capture of Niagara. July 25, 1759. 
 
28 
 
 2. Evacuation of Tieonderoga and Crown Point. July 26. 
 
 3. Siege of Quebec. June 26-Sept. 18. 
 
 a. Battle of the Plains of Abraham. Sept. 13. 
 
 b. Fall of Quebec. Sept. 18. 
 
 4. Battle of St. Foy or Sillery. April 28, 1760. 
 
 5. Surrender of Montreal and Canada. Sept. 8. 
 
 V. Close of the War. 1760-63. 
 
 1. English opposition to acquiring Canada. 
 
 2. Franklin's "Canada pamphlet." 1760. 
 
 3. War with Spain, capture of Havana. Jan., Aug. 13, 1762. 
 
 4. Cession of western Louisiana to Spain. Nov. 3. 
 
 5. Treaty of Paris. Feb 10, 1763. 
 
 6. Pontiac's conspiracy. 1763-64. 
 
 a. Siege of Detroit. May-Sept. 1763. 
 
 b. Battle of Bushy Run. Aug. 5-6. 
 
 7. Royal proclamation. Oct. 7, 1763. 
 
 VI. Effect upon the Colonies. 
 
 1. Military training. 
 
 2. Necessity of union. 
 
 3. Removal of the French. 
 
 4. Opening of the West. 
 
 5. Reorganization and taxation. 
 
 Ill, 5. BRITISH COLONIAL SYSTEM. 1651-1763. 
 
 I. Theory. 
 
 1. Errors of the mercantile system. 
 
 2. Advantages of colonies. 
 
 3. Theory of the colonial system. 
 
 II. Navigation Acts. 1651-96. 
 
 1. Commonwealth act. 1651. Ownership of ships. 
 
 2. First act. 1660. Enumerated articles. 
 
 3. Supplementary act. 1662. Build of ships. 
 
29 
 
 4. Second act. 1663. Monopoly of colonial imports. 
 
 5. Third act. 1672. Inter-colonial duties. 
 
 6. Fourth act. 1696. Enforcement. 
 
 III. Acts of Trade and Manufacture. 1699-1750. 
 
 1. Act against woolen trade. 1699. 
 
 2. Act against manufacture of hats. 1732. 
 
 3. Molasses act. 1733. 
 
 4. Act against iron industry. 1750. 
 
 IV. Enforcement. 1660-1763. 
 
 1. Lax enforcement and evasion. 1660-1754. 
 
 2. Illicit trade with the French. 1754-60. 
 
 3. Order for rigid enforcement. Aug. 23, 1760. 
 
 4. Enforcement act. 1763. 
 
 Ill, 6. BRITISH COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION. 1606-1781. 
 
 I. Beginnings. 1606-60. 
 
 1. Control by the Privy Council. 1606-34. 
 
 2. Laud's Commission for Plantations. 1634-41. 
 
 3. Parliamentary Commissioners for Plantations. 1643-48. 
 
 4. Control by the Council of State. 1649-60. 
 
 5. Various Councils and Committees of Trade. 1650-58. 
 
 II. Drift toward Control. 1660-96. 
 
 1. Plantation Committee of Privy Council. 1660-75. 
 
 2. Council of Trade. 1660-72. 
 
 3. Council of Foreign Plantations. 1660-70. 
 
 4. Select Council of Foreign Plantations. 1670-72. 
 
 5. Select Council of Trade and Foreign Plantations. 1672-74. 
 
 6. Lords of Trade and Plantations. 1675-96. 
 
 III. Board of Trade and Plantations. 1696-1781. 
 
 1. Commission and powers. May 15, 1696. 
 
 2. First period of activity. 1696-1721. 
 
30 
 
 a. Bills against the charters. 1701-20. 
 
 b. Dummer's "Defense of the Charters." 1721. 
 
 c. Report of the Board. 1721. 
 
 3. Period of quiescence. 1721-48. 
 
 4. Revival of activity under Halifax. 1748-68. 
 
 5. Secretary of State for American Affairs. 1768-81. 
 
 IV, 1. BEGINNINGS OF THE REVOLUTION. 1761-63. 
 
 I. Writs of Assistance. 1761. 
 
 1. What were writs of assistance? 
 
 2. Legal basis for them in the colonies. 
 
 3. Paxton's application to Hutchinson. Nov. 1760. 
 
 4. First hearing. Feb. 24, 1761. 
 
 Different versions of Otis's speech. 
 
 5. Second hearing. Nov. 18. 
 
 Provisions of the writ. Dec. 2. 
 
 6. Importance of the controversy. 
 
 7. Wilkes's case in England. 1765-66. 
 
 8. Colonial writs legalized. 1767. 
 
 II. Parson's Cause. 1763. 
 
 1. Acts of 1748, 1755 and 1758. 
 
 2. Disallowance by the Crown. Aug. 10, 1759. 
 
 3. Case of James Maury. 1763. 
 
 a. First hearing. Nov. 5. 
 
 b. Assessment of damages. Dec. 1. 
 
 c. Henry's speech : accounts by Maury and Wirt. 
 
 4. Significance of the episode. 
 
 IV, 2. COLONIAL TAXATION. 1764-70. 
 
 I. Sugar Act. 1764. 
 
 1. Townshend's proposals. March 9, 1763. 
 
 2. Grenville ministry. April 1763-July 1765. 
 
31 
 
 3. Notice of a stamp tax. March 9, 1764. 
 
 4. Sugar act. April 5. 
 
 5. Currency act. April 19. 
 
 6. Boston instructions. May 24. 
 
 7. Memorial of the Mass. assembly. June 13. 
 
 8. Otis's "Rights of the Colonies." July 23. 
 
 II. Stamp Act. 1765. 
 
 1. Debate on the bill. Barre's speech. Feb. 6, 1765. 
 
 2. Provisions of the act. March 22. 
 
 3. Quartering act. May 15. 
 
 4. Patrick Henry's resolutions and speech. May 29. 
 
 5. Mass. call for a Congress. June 8. 
 
 6. Organization of the "Sons of Liberty." 
 
 7. Mob violence : Hutchinson riot. Aug. 26. 
 
 8. Stamp Act Congress. New York. Oct. 7-25. 
 
 a. Organization and personnel. Oct. 7. 
 
 b. Declaration of Rights. Oct. 19. 
 
 III. Repeal and Amendment. 1766. 
 
 1. Rockingham ministry. July 1765-July 1766. 
 
 2. Arguments for and against taxation. 
 
 a. Pitt's speech. Jan. 14, 1766. 
 
 b. Mansfield's speech. Feb. 3. 
 
 3. Franklin's examination. Feb. 3-13. 
 
 4. Declaratory act. March 4, 7, 18. 
 
 5. Repeal of the stamp act. March 4, 17, 18. 
 
 6. Quartering act. April 11, 21, 30. 
 
 7. Amendment of the sugar act. May 30, June 6. 
 
 8. Rejoicing in America. Results. 
 
 IV. Townshend Acts. 1767. 
 
 1. Grafton-Pitt ministry. July 1766-Jan. 1770. 
 
 2. Reduction of the English land tax. March 23, 1767. 
 
32 
 
 3. New York Assembly act. June 15, 
 
 4. Act for customs commissioners. June 15, 18, 29. 
 
 5. Revenue act. June 18, 25, 29. 
 
 6. Tea act. June 22, 30 ; July 2. 
 
 7. Death and character of Towushend. Sept. 4. 
 
 8. Admiralty court act. March 1, 4, 8, 1768. 
 
 V. Resistance and Partial Repeal. 1768-70. 
 
 1. Dickinson's "Farmer's Letters." Dec. 2, 1767-Feb. 15, 1768. 
 
 2. Massachusetts circular letter. 
 
 a. Content of the letter. Feb. 11, 1768. 
 
 b. The King's orders. April 21, 22. 
 
 c. Action of Mass. assembly. June 21-30. 
 
 d. Action of the other colonies. 
 
 3. Seizure of "The Liberty." June 10. 
 
 4. Parliamentary address on treason. Dec. 15. 
 
 5. Virginia resolves. May 16, 1769. 
 
 6. Non-importation agreements. 
 
 7. Lord North's ministry. Jan. 28, 1770-March 20, 1782. 
 
 8. Partial repeal of Townshend taxes. April 12, 1770. 
 
 VI. Comparison of British and American Theories. 
 
 1, British Theory. 
 
 a. Parliament supreme. 
 
 b. An act of Parliament amends the Constitution. 
 
 c. Powers of taxation and legislation identical. 
 
 d. The colonies virtually represented. 
 
 e. Parliament may tax them. 
 
 2. American Theory. 
 
 a. Constitution supreme : "follows the flag." 
 
 b. An act of Parliament against the Constitution void. 
 
 c. Powers of taxation and legislation different : 
 
 "No taxation without representation." 
 
 d. The colonies not represented. 
 
 e. Parliament mav not tax them. 
 
33 
 IV, 3. DEVELOPMENT OF THE REVOLUTION. 1770-74. 
 
 I. Boston ' ' Massacre. ' ' 1770. 
 
 1. Call for troops. Feb. 12, March 28, 1768. 
 
 2. Troops ordered to Boston. June 8. 
 
 3. Meeting of a convention. Sept. 22-28. 
 
 4. Arrival of troops. Sept. 28-Oct. 1. 
 
 5. Hutchinson succeeds Bernard. August 1, 1769. 
 
 6. Assault on Otis. Sept 5. 
 
 7. Dispute at the rope walk. March 2, 1770. 
 
 8. ' ' The massacre. ' ' March 5. 
 
 9. Removal of troops to the castle. March 6. 
 
 10. Surrender of the castle to Gage. Sept. 8. 
 
 11. Trial of Preston and the soldiers. Oct. 24, Nov. 27. 
 
 12. Celebration of the anniversary. 1771-83. 
 
 13. Importance of the event. 
 
 II. Gaspee Affair. 1772-73. 
 
 1. Dockyards act. April 16, 1772. 
 
 2. Seizures by Capt. Dudingston. 
 
 3. Destruction of the Gaspee. June 9. 
 
 4. Commission for investigation. Jan.-June 1773. 
 
 III. Committees of Correspondence. 1772-73. 
 
 1. Sam Adams's Boston committee. Nov. 2, 1772. 
 
 2. Boston report of grievances. Nov. 20. 
 
 3. Effect upon other Massachusetts towns. 
 
 4. Virginia resolves. March 12, 1773. 
 
 5. Other colonial committees. 
 
 IV. Hutchinson Letters. 1772-74. 
 
 1. Franklin's mode of obtaining them. 
 
 2. Forwarded to Mass. Bay. Dec. 2, 1772. 
 
 3. Resolves of the Mass. Assembly. June 15, 1773. 
 
34 
 
 4. Character and publication. 
 
 5. Duel between Whately and Temple. Dec. 11. 
 
 6. Franklin's card in "The Advertiser." Dec. 25. 
 
 7. Wedderburn's speech. Jan. 29, 1774. 
 
 8. Franklin's account. 1774. (Published, 1817.) 
 
 9. Importance in securing Franklin's adherence. 
 
 V. Boston "Tea Party." 1773. 
 
 1. Remission of inland taxes on tea. 1748. 
 
 2. Townshend revenue and tea acts. 1767. 
 
 3. Partial repeal of the revenue act. 1770. 
 
 4. Tea acts of 1772 and 1773. 
 
 5. Boston town meetings. Nov. 3-Dec. 16, 1773. 
 
 6. The "Tea Party." Dec. 16. 
 
 7. Reception of the tea ships in other ports. 
 
 8. Character and importance of the "Tea Party." 
 
 VI. Coercion: "The Five Acts." 1774. 
 
 1. The Boston port act. March 31, 1774. 
 
 2. Debate on repeal of the tax on tea. April 19, 
 
 Burke's speech on taxation. 
 
 3. Arrival of Gage in Boston. May 17. 
 
 4. Massachusetts charter act. May 20. 
 
 5. Administration of justice or transportation act. May 20. 
 
 6. Port of Boston closed. June 1. 
 
 7. Quartering act. June 2. 
 
 8. Massachusetts call for a Congress. June 17. 
 
 9. Quebec act. June 22. 
 
 IV, 4. CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 1774-76. 
 
 I. Call for a Congress. 1774. 
 
 1. Suggestions of a Congress. 1773-74. 
 
 2. Actionof the "Sons of Liberty." May 16, 1774. 
 
35 
 
 3. Virginia call. May 27. 
 
 4. Massachusetts call. June 17. 
 
 n. First Congress. Sept. 5-Oct. 26, 1774. 
 
 1. Election and instructions of members. 
 
 2. Organization and mode of voting. 
 
 3. Approval of Suffolk County resolves. Sept. 17, 1774. 
 
 4. Galloway's plan of union. Sept. 28-Oet. 21. 
 
 5. Declaration of Rights. Oct. 14. 
 
 6. The ''Association," Oct. 20. 
 
 7. Addresses and Petition. Oct. 21, 26. 
 
 III. Second Congress. May 10, 1775-Dec. 12, 1776. 
 
 1. Lord North's conciliatory resolution. Feb. 27, 1775. 
 
 2. Burke's speech and resolutions on conciliation. Mar. 22. 
 
 3. New England restraining act. March 30. 
 
 4. Lexington, Concord and Bunker Hill. April 19, June 17. 
 
 5. Declaration of the causes of taking up arms. July 6. 
 
 6. Petition to the King. July 8. 
 
 7. Report on Lord North's resolution. July 31. 
 
 8. Proclamation of Rebellion. Aug. 23. 
 
 9. Act prohibiting trade with America. Dee. 22. 
 
 IV, 5. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 1776. 
 
 I. Beginnings of Independence. 
 
 1. Early predictions : Kalm, Turgot, Choiseul. 
 
 2. Charge of early schemes. 
 
 3. Revolution not begun for independence. 
 
 II. Causes of Growth of the Sentiment for Independence. 
 
 1. Treatment of the petition to the King. 
 
 2. Excesses of the war. 
 
 3. Hope of foreign assistance. 
 
36 
 
 4. Paine 's "Common Sense." Jan. 9, 1776. 
 
 III. Genesis of the Declaration. 
 
 1. Instructions to Virginia delegates. May 15, 1776. 
 
 2. Lee's resolution and debate thereon. June 7, 8, 10. 
 
 3. Committee on declaration. June 11. 
 
 4. Draft reported. June 28. 
 
 5. Debate and vote on the resolution. July 1, 2. 
 
 6. Debate upon the declaration. July 3, 4. 
 
 7. Official announcement. July 8. 
 
 8. Official signing. Aug. 2. 
 
 9. Question of anniversary. 
 
 IV. Analysis of the Declaration. 
 
 1. Preamble. 
 
 2. Assertion of natural rights. 
 
 3. Indictment of the King : three parts. 
 
 4. Statement of appeals to the English people. 
 
 5. Assertion of independence. 
 
 IV, 6. FIRST STATE CONSTITUTIONS. 1775-84. 
 
 I. Situation in the States. 1775-76. 
 
 1. Advice of Congress to Mass. June 9, 1775. 
 
 2. Advice to N. H. and S. C. Nov. 3, 4. 
 
 3. Temporary acts in N. H. and S. C. Jan. 5, March 26, 1776. 
 
 4. R. I. and Conn, acts altering legal forms. May 6, 7, 
 
 5. General advice of Congress. May 10, 15. 
 
 n. Formation of the State Constitutions. 1776-84. 
 
 1. Virginia. June 12, 29, 1776. 
 
 2. New Jersey. July 2. 
 
 3. Delaware. Sept. 21. 
 
 4. Pennsylvania. Sept. 28. 
 
 5. Maryland. Nov. 11. 
 
 6. North Carolina. Dec. 8. 
 
37 
 
 7. Georgia. Feb. 5, 1777. 
 
 8. New York. April 20. 
 
 9. South Carolina. March 19, 1778. 
 
 10. Massachusetts. March 2, June 13, 1780. 
 
 11. New Hampshire. Oct. 31, 1783; June 2, 1784. 
 
 III. Comparison. 
 
 1. Origin and form. 
 
 2. Electorate : qualifications of voters. 
 
 3. Legislature : number and name of branches. 
 
 Mode of election and term of members. 
 
 4. Executive : name, mode of election and term. 
 
 5. Judiciary : mode of election and tenure. 
 
 6. Relation to the federal constitution. 
 
 IV, 7. FOREIGN RELATIONS. 1775-82. 
 
 I. France. 1775-78. 
 
 1. French interest in America. Kalb. 1768. 
 
 2. Secret committee of correspondence. Nov. 29, 1775. 
 
 3. Mission of Bonvouloir. Dec. 1775-Dec. 1776. 
 
 4. Appeals of Beaumarchais. Sept. 21, 1775; Feb. 29, 1776. 
 
 5. Advice of Vergennes. Dec. 1775 ; March 12, 1776. 
 
 6. Opposition of Turgot. April 6, 1776. 
 
 7. Operations of Beaumarchais. June 10, Aug. 11. 
 
 8. Arrival of Deane in Paris. July 11. 
 
 9. Mission of Franklin, Deane and Lee. Sept. 26. 
 
 10. Arrival and influence of Franklin. Dec. 21. 
 
 11. Report in Paris of Burgoyne's surrender. Dec. 4, 1777. 
 
 12. Provisions of the French treaties. Feb. 6, 1778. 
 
 13. Importance and motives of the French alliance. 
 
 II. Great Britain. 1778. 
 
 1. North's conciliatory acts. Feb. 17-March 11, 1778. 
 
 2. Notice to Great Britain of French alliance. March 13. 
 
38 
 
 3. Speech and death of Chatham. April 7, May 11. 
 
 4. Failure of the peace commission. June 17-Oet. 3. 
 
 III. Other European States. 1777-82. 
 
 1. Lee's mission to Frederick the Great. 1777. 
 
 2. Alliance between France and Spain. April 12, 1779. 
 
 3. War declared by Spain against Great Britain. June 16. 
 
 4. Jay's negotiation in Spain. 1780-81. 
 
 5. First armed neutrality. March 10, 1780. 
 
 6. British war on the Dutch. Dec. 20. 
 
 7. Dutch treaty with the United States. Oct. 8, 1782. 
 
 IV, 8. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. 1775-81. 
 
 I. Drafting of the Articles. 1775-77. 
 
 1. Franklin's plan. July 21, 1775. 
 
 2. Lee's resolution. June 7, 1776. 
 
 3. Appointment of committee. June 11,12. 
 
 4. Dickinson's draft. July 12. 
 
 5. Adoption by Congress. Nov. 15, 1777. 
 
 6. Circular letter to the States. Nov. 17. 
 
 II. Ratification. 1778-81. 
 
 1. Mode of ratification. 
 
 2. Partial signature. July 9-Nov. 26, 1778. 
 
 3. Attitude of Maryland. Dec. 15. 
 
 4. Ratification of Maryland. March 1, 1781. 
 
 5. Analysis of the Articles. 
 
 6. Elements of weakness. 
 
 IV, 9. MILITARY AND NAVAL OPERATIONS. 1775-83. 
 
 I. Northern Campaign. 1775-76. 
 
 1. Lexington and Concord. April 19, 1775. 
 
 2. Capture of Ticonderoga. May 10. 
 
 3. Battle of Bunker Hill. June 17. 
 
 4. Defeat of Montgomery. Dee. 31. 
 
39 
 
 5. British evacuation of Boston. March 17, 1776. 
 
 II. Campaign in the Middle States. 1776-78. 
 
 1. Washington's removal to New York. April 17, 1776. 
 
 2. Long Island and White Plains. Aug. 27, Oct. 28. 
 
 3. Retreat across New Jersey. Trenton. Dec. 26. 
 
 4. Battle of Princeton. Jan. 2, 1777. 
 
 5. Brandywine, Philadelphia occupied. Sept. 11, 26. 
 
 6. Battle of Germantown. Oct. 4. 
 
 7. Bennington and Saratoga. Aug. 15, Oct. 7, 17. 
 
 8. British evacuate Philadelphia. June 18, 1778. 
 
 9. Battle of Monmouth. June 28. 
 
 III. Southern Campaign. 1778-81. 
 
 1. Capture of Savannah. Dec. 29, 1778. 
 
 2. Capture of Charleston. May 12, 1780. 
 
 3. Camden and King's Mountain. Aug. 16, Oct. 7. 
 
 4. Arnold's treason. Sept. 26. 
 
 5. Cowpens and Guilford C. H. Jan. 17, March 15, 1781. 
 
 6. Surrender at Yorktown. Oct. 19. 
 
 IV. French, Spanish and Dutch Operations. 1779-83. 
 
 1. Spanish capture of Miss, and Gulf posts. 1779-81. 
 
 2. English capture of St. Eustatius. Feb. 3, 1781. 
 
 3. Battle of Dogger Bank. Aug. 6. 
 
 4. French capture of Minorca. Feb. 5, 1782. 
 
 5. Rodney's victory off Martinique. April 12. 
 
 6. French capture of Hudson Bay posts. Aug. 8, 21. 
 
 7. Attack upon Gibraltar and relief. Sept. 8-13, Oct. 13. 
 
 8. Naval battles in the East Indies. 1782-83. 
 
 IV, 10. TREATY OF PEACE. 1779-83. 
 
 I. Instructions of Congress. 1779-81. 
 
 1. Original instructions. Aug. 14, 1779 ; Oct. 18, 1780. 
 
 2. Appointment of Adams. Sept. 27, 1779. 
 
 3. Austro-Russian offer of mediation. 1781. 
 
40 
 
 4. Franklin, Jay, Laurens and Jefferson added. June 13, 14. 
 
 5. Final instructions. June 15. 
 
 II. Negotiations. 1782-83. 
 
 1. Rockingham ministry. March 20-July 1,1782. 
 
 2. Passage of the enabling act. March 5-June 19. 
 
 3. Shelburne ministry. July 1, 1782-Feb. 24, 1783. 
 
 4. First stage: Franklin's negotiation. Mar. 20-Sept. 8, 1782. 
 
 Terms proposed and accepted. July 10, Sept. 1. 
 
 5. Second stage : form of commission. Sept. 6-27. 
 
 a. Rayneval's memoir and mission. Sept. 6, 7, 9. 
 
 b. Marbois's letter. Sept. 10. 
 
 c. Vaughan's mission. Sept. 11. 
 
 d. Commission amended. Sept. 27. 
 
 e. Discussion of Jay's suspicions. 
 
 6. Third stage : discussion of terms. Sept. 27-Nov. 30, 
 a. Jay's drafts. Oct. 8, Nov. 5. 
 
 ■ b. Provisions of preliminary treaty. Nov. 30. 
 
 7. Vergennes's protest and Franklin's reply. Dec. 15, 17. 
 
 8. Preliminaries betw. Eng., France and Spain. Jan. 20, 1783. 
 
 9. Coalition ministry. April 2-Dec. 19. 
 
 10. Definitive treaties : Paris and Versailles. Sept. 3. 
 
 IV, 11. THE LOYALISTS. 1775-83. 
 
 I. Growth as a Party. 
 
 1. Number and distribution. 
 
 2. Social classes represented. 
 
 3. Newspapers and literature. 
 
 4. Point of view and principles. 
 
 II. Persecution during the War. 
 
 1. Causes of persecution. 
 
 2. Advice of Congress. Oct. 6, 1775 ; Jan. 2, Mar. 14, 1776. 
 
 3. Classes of state laws against them. 
 
41 
 4. Tory military organizations. 
 
 III. Treatment after the War. 
 
 1. Compromise in the treaty of peace. 
 
 2. Policy of the states. 
 
 3. Confiscation of estates. 
 
 4. Number of exiles and refugees. 
 
 5. Compensation by Parliament. 1783-90. 
 
 IV, 12. WESTERN LAND CLAIMS. 1776-1802. 
 
 I. Claims of the States. 1776-80. 
 
 1. Rivalry between landed and landless states. 
 
 2. Claim of Virginia. 
 
 a. Virginia constitution. June 29, 1776. 
 
 b. Maryland protest. Oct. 30. 
 
 c. Expedition of George Rogers Clark. 1778. 
 
 d. Maryland instructions. Dec. 15. 
 
 3. Recommendations of Congress. Oct. 30, 1779-Apr. 29, 1784. 
 
 II. Cessions by the States. 1780-1802. 
 
 1. New York. 1780-82. 
 
 2. Virginia. 1781-84. 
 
 3. Massachusetts. 1784-85. 
 
 4. Connecticut. 1786, 1800. 
 
 5. South Carolina. 1787. 
 
 6. North Carolina. 1784, 1789-90. 
 
 7. Georgia. 1788, 1802. 
 
 IV, 13. ORDINANCE OF 1787. 
 
 I. Prelude. 1784-86. 
 
 1. Jefferson's draft. March 1, 1784. 
 
 2. First territorial ordinance. April 23. 
 
 3. King's anti-slavery resolution. March 16, 26, 1785. 
 
42 
 
 4. Grayson's survey act. March 12-May 20. 
 
 5. Monroe's report on number of states. March 24, 1786. 
 
 6. Grayson's proposed division. July 7. 
 
 II. Adoption of the Ordinance. 1787. 
 
 1. Plans of the Ohio Company. 1786. 
 
 2. Legislative history. Apr. 26-May 10, July 9-13, 1787. 
 
 3. Analysis of its provisions. 
 
 4. Question of authorship. 
 
 5. Reasons for adoption of anti-slavery clause. 
 
 6. Purchase by the Ohio Company. July 27. 
 
 7. Settlement of Marietta. April 7, 1788. 
 
 8. Ratification by Virginia. Dee. 30. 
 
 9. Confirmatory act by Congress. Aug. 7, 1789, 
 10, Historical importance, 
 
 IV, 14. FAILURE OF THE CONFEDERATION. 1783-87. 
 
 I. Relations with England. 
 
 1. British debts and retention of western posts. 
 
 2. Lord Sheffield's "Observations." 1783. 
 
 3. Exclusion from the West India trade. July 2. 
 
 4. Refusal of a commercial treaty. 
 
 II. Relations with Spain. 
 
 1. Disputed southern boundary, 
 
 2. Closure of the Mississippi. 1786, 
 
 3. Negotiations between Jay and Gardoqui. 1785-87, 
 
 4. Spanish intrigue in the Southwest. 1787. 
 
 III. Inter-State Quarrels. 
 
 1. Wyoming Valley dispute. 
 
 2. Green Mountain trouble. 
 
 3. Separatist movements : Franklin and Kentucky, 
 
 4. Inter-state tariff disputes. 
 
43 
 
 IV. Economic and Financial Difficulties. 
 
 1. Causes of economic distress. 
 
 2. Stay laws and paper money in the States. 
 
 3. Shays 's rebellion in Massachusetts. 1786-87. 
 
 4. Bankruptcy of the federal government. 
 
 V. Proposed Amendment of the Articles of Confederation. 
 
 1. Five per cent, scheme. 1781-82. 
 
 2. Revenue amendment. 1783-86. 
 
 3. Commerce amendment. 1784-86. 
 
 4. Report of the Grand Committee. Aug. 7, 1786. 
 
 IV, 15. THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. 1787-90. 
 
 I. Call of the Convention. 
 
 1. Mount Vernon commission. 1785. 
 
 2. Annapolis convention. 1786. 
 
 3. Call by Congress. Feb. 21, 1787. 
 
 II. Proceedings of the Convention. May 25-Sept. 17, 1787. 
 
 1. Organization and personnel. May 25, 1787. 
 
 2. Virginia plan. May 29. 
 
 3. Pinckney's plan. May 29. 
 
 4. First general debate. May 30-June 13. 
 
 5. New Jersey plan. June 15-19. 
 
 6. Second general debate. June 19-July 26. 
 
 7. Committee of detail. July 26-Aug. 6. 
 
 8. Debate on detail. Aug. 7-Sept. 10. 
 
 9. Committee on style. Sept. 8-12. 
 
 10. Final debate and adoption. Sept. 12-15. 
 
 11. Compromises of the Constitutio"^. 
 
 ni. Ratification. 1787-90. 
 
 1. Action of Congress. Sept. 28, 1787. 
 
44 
 
 2. Ratification in state conventions. 
 
 1. Delaware. Dec. 7, 1787. 
 
 2. Pennsylvania. Dec. 12. 
 
 3. New Jersey. Dec. 18. 
 
 4. Georgia. Jan. 2, 1788. 
 
 5. Connecticut. Jan. 9. 
 
 6. Massachusetts. Feb. 7. 
 
 7. Maryland. April 26, 28. 
 
 8. South Carolina. May 23. 
 
 9. New Hampshire. June 21. 
 
 10. Virginia. June 26. 
 
 11. New York. 
 
 a. "The Federalist." Oct. 27, 1787-May 28, 17i 
 
 b. Ratification. July 26, 1788. 
 
 12. North Carolina. Nov. 21, 1789. 
 
 13. Rhode Island. May 29, 1790. 
 
 3. Amendments proposed. 
 
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