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INFORMATION FOR THE 
 
 TOURIST, TRAVELER, INVALID 
 
 AND 
 
 PLEASURE-SEEm 
 
 I- -v;/,' 
 
 — — f:v. msil: 
 
 PUBLISHED ANNUALLY B,Y 18TS. ^<^ / 
 
 John P 
 
 i:d annually ] 
 
 . Whi 
 
 tney. 
 
 SEASON 1879, 
 
 Pathfinder Office, New York. 
 
 r/p-7^"7 
 
Shmild it not give sfitisfaci'ion, 
 
 and less until it does. 
 
 bV 
 
 WARREN RAY, 
 
 SHIPPING & COMMISSION MERCHANT, 
 
 1«0 TVAF.I. STKEET, XETF YORK. 
 
 REGULAR PACKET LINES FOR JACKSON VILLE, FEKNAN- 
 
 DINA, AND ST. AUGLTSTINE, FLA.; AND 
 
 BFtUNSWICK, GA. 
 
 Freight taken for all Points on the St John's Biver and the 
 Interior. Insurance effected at low rates. Goods received and 
 forwarded without charge. 
 
 HOYT'S DYSPEPSIA CURE. 
 
 NEVER FAILS. 
 
 SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS. 
 GENERAL DEPOT, 
 
 STARR H. AMBLER & CO. 
 
 WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS. 
 
 NO 36 VKSEY STREET, NEW YORK. 
 
 Treatise on Syspepsla sent free on application. 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. I 
 
 HOLLER'S 
 
 ©d tai^©? Oil ' 
 
 Dr. L. a. Satre, Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, New York, writes : "Of 
 late years it h^s become almost irapissible to get any Cod Liver Oil that patients 
 can digest, owing to the objectionable way of procuring and preparing the livers. 
 * * * Miller, of I 'hristiana. Norway, prepares an Oil which is perfectly 
 pure, and is in every raspect all ttiat can be wished." 
 
 Dr. J. Marion Sims writes : " For some years I had given ud the use of Ood 
 Liver Oil altogether: but since my attention was called by Dr. Sayre to MoUer's 
 Oil, I have prescribed it almost daily, and have every reason to be satisfied with it,' ' 
 
 John C. Thoroughgood, M. D., London Hos itnl for Diseases of the Chest, 
 says: "Moller's Oil agrees well with delicate stomachs, and possesses marked 
 curative properties in consumption." 
 
 Abbott Smith, M. D , North London Consumption Hospital, says: "Moller's 
 Oil is mora readily taken by delicate persons and children; is more easily assimi- 
 lated, and is productive of more immediate beneiit than tne other kinds are." 
 
 SOLD BY DRUGGISTS. 
 
 APPLETONS' 
 
 HAND-BOOK 
 
 OF AMERICAISr 
 
 WINTER RESORTS. 
 
 FOR TOUmSTS AND INVALIDS. 
 
 With Maps and illustrations. 
 
 New Edition Eevised to the Winter of 3 878-79. 
 
 1 Vol., 12mo. 138 pp. 
 
 Price, Paper, 50 cents ; Cloth, 75 cents. 
 
 D. APPLETON & CO., 
 
 549 and 551 Broadway, NEW YORK. 
 
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year lb 78, by 
 
 JOHN P. WHITNEY, 
 in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 
FLORIDA. 
 
 No State in the Union has attracted more attention 
 and investigation from the tourist, invalid, sportsman 
 and immigrant than the State of Florida. 
 
 It is only vs^ithin the past fevs^ 37ears that the benefi- 
 cial effects of its climate, and its many other induce- 
 ments have become thoroughly know^n and appreci- 
 ated. To the veteran cavalier Juan Ponce de Leon the 
 credit belongs of first visiting the Land of Flowers in 
 search of health. It was on the second day of April, 
 1512, when this veteran disembarked just north of the 
 present site of St. Augustine, in firm, belief of finding 
 the fabled Fountain of Youth, the water of which 
 he expected would restore the aged and infirm to re- 
 newed youth and vigor. He retraced his course to his 
 native land, an older and a wiser leader, and though 
 his special mission was a failure, yet he signalled out a 
 climate that truly works wonders and well deserves 
 the respect and consideration of all the health-seeking 
 world ; while to the sportsman, scientist, student, and 
 the business man seeking recuperation for the over- 
 worked brain and body, there is no locality in the 
 United States that extends superior advantages. 
 
 It is not only interesting to invalids and others who 
 visit the State for health and pleasure, but its advan- 
 tages as a permanent residence are now fully estab- 
 lished. It is but a few years ago that the number of 
 visitors to this State did not exceed a few hundred, 
 whilst at the present day the visitation may be esti- 
 mated by the thousands. 
 
 The State is especially favored by the appearance of 
 American tourists, who have, heretofore, indulged 
 their Winters in celebrated health- restoring climates 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 abroad, and from whose lips Florida has received the 
 compliment of being, in respect to salubrity of climate, 
 far superior to foreign countries. Surely no American 
 need seek an Italy across the waters when a superior 
 one lies here almost within a day's travel. 
 
 From the metropolis of Jacksonville, up the grand 
 old St. John's to the cozy retreats of Magnolia, Green 
 Cove, Palatka and points beyond, and especially the 
 ancient city of St. Augustine, one may obsen'e elegant 
 Winter mansions and cottages, which, during the 
 Winter season are occupied by their wealthy owners. 
 
 For the consumptive individual — if the visit is ac- 
 complished before the disease destroys the foundation 
 for rebuilding, and for the business man whose brain 
 and nervous system are worn down by business, over- 
 exertfon and care, there is no better medicine for re- 
 lief and cure, than the pure air and sunshine of Florida, 
 and while the climate and surrounding attractions are 
 being enjoyed, one will gradually cast aside business 
 cares and vexations, and under such atmospheric in- 
 fluences, the invalid will gradually increase in health 
 and strength, and the ovenvorked mind of the commer- 
 cial man steadily recover its former healthfulness. 
 
 For the benefit of our readers we present, on page 
 5, a map of Florida, showing principally, the location 
 of counties. 
 
 GEOGRAPHY, POPULATION, ETC. 
 
 Florida lies within 25 and 31 degrees north latitude, 
 and 80 to 88 degrees longitude, west from Greenwich. 
 It is in the same latitude with Northern Mexico, the 
 Desert of Sahara, Central Arabia, Southern China and 
 Northern Hindoostan. It is 400 miles in length; the 
 extreme northern portion, from east to west, is about 
 3^0 miles in width. The peninsula section has an 
 average width of 90 miles. The State contains 59,260 
 
TMe: FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 COUNTY MAP OF FLORIDA. 
 
THE FLORIDA PAThPIN1>£R. 
 
 square miles, or equal to 37,931,520 acres, and com- 
 pared, in point of size, it is nearly as large as all the 
 New England States. The extent of coast line is 
 nearly 1,200 miles, a distance nearly equal, in a straight 
 line, to that of from Portland, Me., to St. Augustine, 
 Fla. The State, as a whole, is remarkably level — 
 though the northwestern section is inclined to be roll- 
 ing or hilly. According to the last census (1870) the 
 f)opulatIon was 187,748. The present estimated popu- 
 ation is, of white, 150,000, and colored, 120,000, a 
 total of about 270,000 inhabitants. 
 
 EXPEDITIONS TO FLORIDA. 
 
 1497. — It is claimed by the English that during this 
 year, Florida was discovered by Sebastian Cabot, who 
 did not land, but merely sailed along the East coast. 
 
 151 2. — Juan Ponce de Leon left Porto Rico in April 
 in continuation of his search for the Fountain of 
 Youth, and on the second day in that month — (which 
 day being the Sunday before Easter, is called Palm 
 Sunday, and which the Spaniards in those days called 
 Pasqua Florida, or Flowery Easter, from the palm 
 branches and flowers with which the churches are 
 decorated on that day) — landed on the coast in 30 de- 
 grees and 8 minutes north latitude, near the present 
 site of St. Augustine, and gave the name of Florida 
 to the country. 
 
 15 16. — Diego Miruelo visited the Gulf Coast section 
 and obtained pieces of gold from the Indians. 
 
 15 1 7. — An expedition commanded by Fernandez de 
 Cordova visited the country. 
 
 15 19. — One Anton de Alaminos soon after visited 
 the Gulf coast. 
 
 152 1. — Ponce de Leon made his second visit to, the 
 East coast. The Indians attacked his forces, killing 
 great numbers. De Leon being wounded in the con- 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 flict was obliged to retreat to his ships. He set sail 
 for Cuba, and soon after his arrival, died from the 
 effect of his wounds. 
 
 1528. — Panfilo de Narvaez landed at Clear Water 
 Bay, near Tampa. He explored the northwestern 
 section of the State, and becoming discouraged, he 
 built several small boats and endeavored to reach 
 Mexico. A sudden storm drove his boat to sea and he 
 was never again heard of. Of the 300 who composed 
 this expedition only four were known to have escaped ; 
 among the number was Alvar Nunez Cabeca de Vaca, 
 who succeeded in reaching Mexico, and from thence 
 to Spain. 
 
 1539. — Hernanao de Soto disembarked at Tampa 
 Bay ; and traversed the northwest section of the State. 
 He continued his researches far beyond the bounds of 
 Florida into the valley of the Mississippi where he 
 died, and was buried beneath its waters. The expedi- 
 tion then wended its way down the Mississippi river 
 to the Gulf of Mexico, and from thence to Mexico. Of 
 the one thousand who four years previous had landed, 
 only three hundred reached their destination. 
 
 1545. — A treasure ship en route from New Mexico 
 to Spain was wrecked on the eastern coast. 
 
 1549. — Four Franciscan brothers landed at Tampa 
 Bay, and were massacred by the Indians. 
 
 1552. — About this period an entire Spanish fleet, ex- 
 cepting one vessel, was wrecked on the Gulf Coast, 
 while en route for Spain, from Havana. 
 
 1559. — Don Tristan de Luna disembarked on the 
 Gulf coast, with over fifteen hundred followers, but he 
 soon abandoned the country. 
 
 1562. — The French Protestants, or Huguenots, under 
 Jean Ribaut, arrived on the coast, near St. Augustine. 
 He continued north and disembarked near the mouth 
 of the St. John's River, called by the Spanish at that 
 time,St.Miatheo,and erected a stone landmark, bearing 
 
8 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 the French coat of arms. Continuing north he landed 
 at Port Royal and endeavored to establish a colony. 
 Having built Fort Charles, and leaving twenty-five 
 men to garrison it, he returned to France. The colony 
 being neglected and constrained by hunger, constructed 
 a rude vessel and set sail for their country They suc- 
 ceeded in their undertaking after havmg experienced 
 terrible suffering. 
 
 1564. — Rene de Laudonniere arrived at St. Augus- 
 tine ; continuing North he landed at St. John's Bluft', 
 on the St. John's River, and erected Fort Caroline 
 where Jean Ribaut had previously erected his land- 
 mark. 
 
 1565. — August 29th, Jean Ribaut, who had pre- 
 viously returned to France, arrived with his colony at 
 Fort Caroline. 
 
 1565. — Pedro Menendez de Aviles, arrived on the 
 coast and established St. Augustine, about the same 
 time that Ribaut arrived at Fort Caroline. MenenJez, 
 upon hearing of the arrival of the French, set sail for 
 the purpose of their extermination. He drove the 
 French fleet from the coast and returned to St. Augus- 
 tine, and immediately planned a land attack on Fort 
 Caroline. Arriving early in the morning he attacked 
 tlie fort and massacred nearly all its inmates. Lau- 
 donniere with a few others escaped. Hanging several 
 captives to a tree he placed above them this inscrip- 
 tion : *'Not as Frenchmen, but as Lutherans." On 
 the return of Menendez to St. Augustine a solemn 
 mnss was celebrated and a Te Deum sung in com- 
 memoration of the victory. Meanwhile a severe sturm 
 overtook Jean Ribaut's fleet and all were wrecked at 
 Matanzas, and subsequently cowardly butchered by 
 Menendez, in squads often, w^ith their hands pinioned 
 behind their backs. Thu>5, in all, nearly three hun- 
 dred men met their death. 
 
 1567. — Dominic de Gourgues, a Huguenot gentle- 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 man, arrived at Fort Caroline, and, with aid from the 
 Indians, fully avenged the wickedness perpetrated by 
 Menendez. Over the lifeless bodies of the Spanish, he 
 wrote : '' Not as unto Spaniards or outcasts, but as to 
 traitors, robbers and murderers." 
 
 1586. — Sir Francis Drake made an attack on St. Au- 
 gustine. He succeeded in plundering and burning the 
 largest portion of the town, but failed to capture the fort. 
 
 1598. — The Indians massacred several priests in 
 and about St. Augustine. 
 
 1665. — The pirate, John Davis, made a descent upon 
 St. Augustme and pillaged the town. 
 
 1702. — Governor Moore, of South Carolina, captured 
 St. Augustine, and held the town for three months ; 
 before he withdrew he burned it. He, however, failed 
 to capture the fort. 
 
 1740. — General Oglethorpe laid siege to the town. 
 He planted his guns on Anastasia Island, also behind 
 the sand hills on Point Qiiartell. After an unsuccess- 
 ful attempt of forty days to capture the fort, he with- 
 drew. He again in 1743 marched to the very gates of 
 St. Augustine, but met with no better success. 
 
 1763. — Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. 
 
 1766. — It was receded to Spain. 
 
 1819. — Florida passed into the hands of the United 
 States. The change of flags occurred in East Florida, 
 at St. Augustine, July loth, 1821. 
 
 1845. — Florida was admitted into the Union, as a 
 State. 
 
 CLIMATE. 
 
 Florida possesses the most equable and salubrious 
 climate, the year round, of any State in the Union ; and 
 in this respect it is to America, what the South of 
 France and Italy are to Europe — a refuge for those de- 
 sirous of escaping the rigor of a Northern Winter. It 
 is frequently remarked by tourists, that the climate of 
 
lO HE FLORIDA PATHFINDER 
 
 Florida is superior to that of Nice or Florence, Italy, 
 as the frequent sudden changes which occur at those 
 places are unknown in Florida ; and the fact th.it the 
 State can be reached within three or four days' travel, 
 either by rail or water, is another decided advantage, 
 especially to invalids. 
 
 The climate is the principal attraction to visitors ; 
 the Atlantic Ocean on the east and the Gulf of Mexico 
 on the west, greatly modify the air that blows over 
 the peninsula, making it cooler in Summer and warmer 
 in Winter. Even in mid-summer the heat never 
 reaches that extreme which is felt in higher latitudes, 
 and during the year round it is the most agreeable and 
 salubrious climate to be found on the globe. The 
 thermometer rarely falls below 30 degrees in Winter, 
 or rises above 90 degrees in the Summer. During the 
 Winter, the atmosphere is always dry and elastic ; 
 nearly six out of seven days are cloudless, and during 
 the Summer, the nights are agreeably cool, it being 
 rarely that one can sleep without the use of a blanket. 
 
 As an evidence of the value of a Floridian climate 
 for those suffering from pulmonary diseases, we pub- 
 lish the census of 1870, giving the number of deaths 
 occurring from consumption, in the several States ; and, 
 notwithstanding the fact that Florida is visited by thou- 
 sands of consumptives, the proportion of deaths is less 
 than any other locality in the United States. r 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Maine 
 
 New York.. . 
 California. . . 
 Vermont. ... 
 
 Ohio one in 507 
 
 Virginia " '' 585 
 
 Indiana '' " 599 
 
 Illinois " " 698 
 
 Florida " *' 1,433 
 
 It is an undisputed fact that the State contains much 
 swampy land, and wherever there exists a dense, fresh 
 water growth of vegetation accompanied by decomposi- 
 tion, malarious diseases generally follow, but in this case 
 
 one in 
 
 283 
 
 U Ik 
 
 315 
 
 a n 
 
 379 
 
 it (( 
 
 450 
 
 H l( 
 
 463 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. II 
 
 the excellent sea breezes which sweep from ocean to 
 gulf, at least during the Winter season, from October to 
 May, clear the atmosphere and purge it of its evil 
 effects. 
 
 SOIL AND PRODUCTION. 
 
 Florida lands are classed as high and low hummock 
 pine and swamp. The high hummock land is covered 
 with a growth of underbrush. The low hummock land 
 is the same as the high land excepting that it has 
 much heavier growth of underbrush and requires 
 a little draining. It is adapted to the growth of cane. 
 The high hummocks are composed of very rich soil, 
 and produce, with very little cultivation, all the crops 
 of the country ; and merely require clearing and 
 ploughing. The price varies from fifty cents to twenty- 
 five dollars per acre, according to location. 
 
 Pine land is that which bears the pine trees, and is 
 frequently covered with underbrush, and is suitable for 
 raising cotton. The poorer classes of pine land are 
 considered valuable for the raising of Sisal hemp ; they 
 afford good range for cattle. Prices, according to lo- 
 cation, from seveny-five cents to ten dollars per acre. 
 
 On the St. John's and Indian River sections, unim- 
 proved land may be obtained at from $5 to $20 per 
 acre, while improved lands command from $25 to $40 
 per acre. Land possessing orange groves in bearing 
 costs from $50 to $300 per acre, and when located near 
 a settlement commands much higher prices. 
 
 Of the fruits successfully cultivated in the localities 
 especially adapted for their production, we mention 
 the orange, lemon, banana, fig, plum, pomegranate, 
 guava, tamarind, date, plantain, almond, pecan, peach, 
 grape, pine-apple, citron, cocoa-nut, watermelon, can- 
 telope, strawberries ; also every variety of garden vege- 
 tables. Spanish tobacco, sugar and hemp have been 
 cultivated with much profit. Cotton is the principal 
 
12 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 production in the northern portion of the State. Peas, 
 ;.. tomatoes and other vegetables are extensively shipped 
 l.to northern markets. Arrowroot, the castor bean and 
 indigo are easily raised. Andrew TurnbuU, when 
 located at New Smyrna, produced large quantities 
 of indigo, which was sold at great profit. The mul- 
 berry tree flourishes. 
 
 At present the cultivation of the orange receives the 
 principal attention. The Florida orange is admitted 
 by all fruit dealers to be the finest that reaches the 
 market. During the past few years millions of orange 
 trees have been set out in the several orange sections. 
 
 SPORTING FACILITIES. 
 
 Apart from the charms of its climate the State offers 
 to those whose tastes lead them to the forest and stream 
 the most gratifying opportunities. The forests and 
 swamps abound in innumerable species of game, whilst 
 the lagoons, rivers and bays fairly swarm with almost 
 every conceivable variety of fish and water fowl. 
 East Florida, alone, is abundantly provided in this 
 respect, and hundreds of sportsmen may be found 
 camping along the shores of the lagoons and bays, pay- 
 ing their respects to the varied description of game 
 which haunt the woods, air and waters of the Indian 
 river and other localities. Deer are plentiful through- 
 out the year, but are smaller than the Northern varie- 
 ties. Much deer-hunting is done on horseback. The 
 native swamp ponies dash through the palmetto scrub 
 with surprising speed and facility. Excellent guides, 
 dogs and horses may be obtained at St. Augustine, 
 Fort Orange, New Smyrna, and Titusville. Wild 
 cats are quite plenty and at times a fierce puma is to 
 be found. The wild cats weigh from eighteen to 
 thirty pounds. The pumas are nearly as large and 
 dangerous as Bengal tigers. A puma was shot a few 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 1 3 
 
 miles west of Elbow creek which measured nine feet 
 and four inches from tip to tip, and weighed 240 
 
 - pounds. Numbers of these beasts have been shot not 
 far from the Jupiter Inlet lighthouse. Bears are met 
 with in December. During January and February 
 they are in Winter quarters, but during the months of 
 
 -March, April and May they go in numbers in search 
 of turtle eggs on the beach. They are the common 
 black or cinnamon bears, the kind so familiar to Rocky 
 Mountain hunters. Gray, black and fox squirrels, 
 coon and oppossums abound in the woods. 
 
 In February and March duck shooting is in full sea- 
 son and affords fine sport. They include the following 
 varieties: teal, mallard, stray widgeon, baldpates and 
 the large black English duck. Qiiail and wild turkey 
 may be found in almost any part of the State. Alliga- 
 tors are found in nearly all the streams, though they 
 are more plentiful on the Ocklawaha and upper St. 
 John's river, the southern lakes and Everglades. Some 
 are of enormous size, ranging from twelve to even 
 twenty feet in length. Among the birds of beautiful 
 plumage which people the woods and wing the waters 
 of the Indian river section are white herons, Spanish 
 curlew, sicklebills, gray pelicans, oyster birds, shear- 
 waters, majors, eagles, snake birds, ivory-bills, paro- 
 quets, doves, chickwills, men-of-war-hawks, ibises, 
 gannets, cormorants, white owls, and king vultures. 
 The fishing in the bays and lagoons is not excelled in 
 any part of the globe, for variety, size and excellence 
 of flavor. The leading game fish is the channel bass ; 
 they range in weight from two to forty-eight pounds. 
 St. Augustine, Matanzas, and New Smyrna are the 
 favorite resorts of these fish. On the Atlantic coast 
 are also sheephead, salt w^ater trout, whitings, group- 
 ers, snappers, kingfish, crookers, and other species 
 too numerous to mention. In Mr. Charles Hallock's 
 work entitled the Sportsman' s Gazeteer^ there will 
 
14 THE F1.0RIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 be found, in connection with this State, much valuable 
 information concerning the choice hunting and fishing 
 grounds, and the numerous varieties of game to be 
 secured. 
 
 At St. Augustine, w^hich is the sportsman's head- 
 quarters, excursion parties are formed for the purpose 
 of visiting Matanzas and thence southward, where 
 plenty of hunting and fishing sport can be obtained. 
 
 EXPENSE OF A TRIP TO FLORIDA. 
 
 Parties contemplating a trip to this State and desir- 
 ous of obtaining some idea concerning the expense of 
 a trip there and back, also other expenses incurred, can 
 obtain some idea of the cost by giving this guide their 
 careful perusal. 
 
 The following estimate of expenses for one month 
 is neither extravagant, nor put at the lowest possible 
 cost, but more of an intermediate figure : 
 
 All Rail Ticket, New York to Jacksonville.. . $33.40 
 
 Return Ticket, via Steamships 25.00 
 
 Meals on railroad, going South, 3 days, 75 cts. 6.75 
 
 Sleeping car, berths 3 nights, about $3 each. . 6.00 
 
 Three weeks' hotel board at $iS,oo 54.00 
 
 Miscellaneous expenses 20.00 
 
 Total cost of one month's visit to Florida. .. . $145.15 
 
 With $200, a person, with a little economy and pre- 
 viously being ^'posted," can spend from six to eight 
 weeks in Florida with no little instruction and gratifi- 
 cation. The prices given for rail and steamship tickets 
 are liable to change. 
 
 THE PRINCIPAL SPRINGS. 
 
 Sulphur Spring, at Green Cove Spring, Clay Co. 
 It is about 35 feet deep and discharges over 3,000 gal- 
 lons per minute. Fine facilities are atibrded for bathing. 
 
THE FT.ORIDA PATHFINDER. 1 5 
 
 Orange Spring, Marion Co., located on Orange 
 Creek, which empties into the Ocklawaha river. 
 
 The celebrated Silver Spring, in Marion Co., on the 
 Ocklawaha river. This spring covers several acres 
 and forms a river of itself. Another Silver Spring, in 
 the same county, is located on the west bank of Lake 
 George. 
 
 Blue Spring, Volusia Co., a few miles north of En- 
 terprise, on the east bank of the St. John's, is the largest 
 in the State. It forms a wide river of itself, as clear 
 as crystal ; one can readily observe the movements of 
 the fish below. 
 
 Green Sulphur Spring, Enterprise, is about 80 feet 
 in diameter, and said to be fully 100 feet deep. 
 
 On the west shore of Lake Jessup, there are several 
 large sulphur springs. Boats drawing over three feet 
 of water cannot enter the lake. 
 
 In the centre of the St. John's river, toward Lake 
 Harney, there boils up a tremendous spring. It has 
 been sounded to the depth of nearly 300 feet and no 
 foundation touched. 
 
 Ponce de Leon Spring, St. John's Co., is located on 
 the new settlement of Ravenswood, just west of St. 
 Augustine, and is used for its health-giving properties. 
 
 Boiling Ocean Spring, south-eastern part of Anasta- 
 sia Island, just north of Matanzas Inlet. This is a 
 volume of fresh water which issues with great force. 
 It no doubt finds its way through a iubterranean passage, 
 the outlet of which is beneath the Atlantic ocean 
 
 THE OCKLAWAHA RIVER. 
 
 This river rises in Lake Apopka and flows north- 
 ward through Lakes Dora, Eustice, Harris, and 
 Griffin. Silver Spring was once the head of navi- 
 gation, but steamers now run as far as Okahumkee. 
 Twenty-five miles above Palatka, just opposite Welaka, 
 
i6 
 
 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 the Ocklawaha empties into the St. John's river. 
 The entrance is extremely narrow, and for miles the 
 channel possesses no banks, it being simply a naviga- 
 ble passage through a lonesome, dismal, 3et romantic 
 cypress swamp. Here alligators of immense size, 
 and many species of birds with beautiful plumage may 
 be seen. Small steamers navigate the river a distance 
 of 170 miles. Silver Spring, the principal landing, is 
 109 miles from its mouth. A trip up this stream is 
 decidedly an odd, yet a grand one, and tourists should 
 not fail to make it an object of visit. The following is 
 a list of the principal landings on this stream, and 
 showmg the distance from the St. John's river. 
 
 Fort Brook 35 
 
 lola, 
 
 Eureka 
 
 Sandy BUiir. 
 
 Palmetto Landing. 
 
 Gores 
 
 Durisoe 
 
 Graham 
 
 50 
 60 
 6S 
 7S 
 S3 
 S9 
 94 
 
 Delk's Bluft' 100 
 
 Silver vSpring 109 
 
 Sharp's Ferry 114 
 
 Moss Blufl\ 140 
 
 Stark's Landing 155 
 
 Lake Griffin 160 
 
 Lake Eustice 165 
 
 Leesburg 1 70 
 
 ST. JOHN'S RIVER. 
 
 This grand sheet of water is created by the overflow 
 of the numerous springs and swamps in the Southern 
 portion of the State ; it flows, unlike any other river 
 in the United vStates, directly North for over three hun- 
 dred miles, wdien turning abruptly to the east, it 
 empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Its whole course 
 traverses through an extremely level country^ Many 
 portions of the river are six miles wide, and north of 
 Lake George no part is less than one mile in width ; 
 at Palatka the river becomes narrower. The St. John's 
 river is credited w^ith carrying a larger volume of 
 winter than the Rio Grande, which river is one thousand 
 miles long, and in point of width the St. John's river 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. I7 
 
 is the largest in America. There are but a few streams 
 in the world that present a more tropical appearance 
 along their entire course. 
 
 The many cozy retreats located upon the banks of 
 the St. John's are of universal attraction, and during 
 the Winter season thousands of tourists from every 
 section are here to be found, forgetful of all business 
 cares, enjoying the pleasures of the trip and compli- 
 menting the salubrity of the Florida climate. 
 
 Many of the tributaries of the stream are navigable 
 to a considerable distance by small steamboats. It is 
 estimated that the St. John's river and its navigable 
 branches afford one thousand miles of water trans- 
 portation. The means of transportation on the stream 
 are easy and comfortable. Large steamers ascend 
 as far as Palatka, from which point smaller steamers 
 continue to Enterprise, and up the Ocklawaha river 
 and other sections of interest to the tourist. Numer- 
 ous small steamers ply directly between Jacksonville 
 and points of interest on the tributaries of the St. John's. 
 
 On the banks of the St. John's are to be seen many 
 fine orange groves bedecked with the golden fruit ; 
 one may also observe the Magnolia, Pride of India, 
 the Pine and other species of trees festooned with long 
 skeins of moss gracefully descending and nearly touch- 
 ing the water's edge ; to witness this sight and to feel 
 and inhale the soft balmy breezes, scented with the 
 odor of the Magnolia and yellow Jessamine, is a coin- 
 cidence not presented by any other section of the 
 United States. There is a charm attached to the inci- 
 dents of a trip upon this sheet of water — apparently a 
 succession of lakes — that one will not soon forget, es- 
 pecially when contrasted with a Winter trip upon the 
 Hudson with its cold, bleak winds. 
 
 The waters of this stream, including nearly all the 
 rivers in the State, are of a coffee color, and slightly 
 brackish in taste. 
 
t8 
 
 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 LOWER ST. JOHN'S RIVER. 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 UPPER ST. JOHN'S RIVER. 
 
 PALATKA _ 
 
 Hart's Orange Grove 
 
 PUTNAM c o^SoRawlestown 
 
 Whitney"! M»p , 
 ^G-^^2^ of the Upper -3^ 
 
 ST.JOHN'S RIVER 
 
 Fi.h t Sit, N. 7, 
 
20 
 
 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 POINTS ON THE ST. JOHN'S RIVER. 
 
 Showing distances from Jacksonville. Sailing south 
 is termed going up the river. Points marked with a 
 star * are on the right going up. 
 
 MILES. 
 
 Arlington 2 
 
 St. Nicholas 2 
 
 Riverside * 3 
 
 Black Point* 10 
 
 Read's Landing* 13 
 
 ^Mandarin 15 
 
 Fruit Cove 19 
 
 Ilibernia* 22 
 
 New Switzerland 23 
 
 Rcmmington Park. ... 25 
 
 ]\lagnolia* 28 
 
 Green Cove Spring*.. .30 
 
 Orange Dale 34 
 
 Hogarth's Landing. . . .36 
 
 Picolata 45 
 
 Tocoi 52 
 
 Federal Point 
 
 Oran<re ISIills 
 
 60 
 
 Dancy's Wharf 65 
 
 Whetstone* 
 
 Russell's Landing. . . 
 
 Palatka* 
 
 Hart's Orange Grove 
 
 Rollestown 
 
 San Mateo 80 
 
 Bulfalo Bluft'* SS 
 
 94 
 
 69 
 
 75 
 
 ,76 
 
 7S 
 
 Horse Landing 
 
 MILES. 
 
 Ocklawaha River. ... 100 
 
 Welaka 100 
 
 Beechcr loi 
 
 Orange Point 103 
 
 Mt. ttoyal 109 
 
 Fort Gates* no 
 
 G eorgetown 117 
 
 Benella 120 
 
 Lake View 132 
 
 Volusia 137 
 
 Fort Butler* 13S 
 
 Orange Bluff 140 
 
 Hawkinsville* 160 
 
 Cabbage Bluff 162 
 
 Lake Beresford 165 
 
 Blue Spring 172 
 
 Wekiva 1S4 
 
 Shell Bank 193 
 
 Sanford* 199 
 
 jNIellonville * 200 
 
 Fort Reid* 203 
 
 Enterprise 205 
 
 Cook's Ferry 224 
 
 Lake Flarney 225 
 
 Sallie's- Camp 229 
 
 Salt Lake 270 
 
 Indian River 276 
 
 RESORTS ON THE ST. JOHN'S RIVER. 
 
 Mandarin, the first point of especial attraction on 
 the river, is a village of about 250 inhabitants. It is 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 21 
 
 one of the oldest settlements on the river. During the 
 Indian wars, the Seminoles visited it and massacred 
 all within its limits. Here is located the Winter resi- 
 dence of Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe ; it is the cottage 
 at the left of the wharf, almost obscured by the foliage 
 of the large oak and other trees. 
 
 Hibernia is a pleasant resort located upon the op- 
 posite bank of the river. It is quite a resort for invalids. 
 The country about abounds in groves of oaks, etc. 
 
 Magnolia, one of the most pleasant resorts to be 
 found on the St. John's, is well patronized, by North- 
 ern visitors. Black Creek is but a short distance to 
 the north of this point. It is navigable for small boats 
 as far as Middleburg. 
 
 Green Cove Spring, two miles south of the above 
 point, is one of the most extensively patronized resorts 
 on the river. The sulphur spring is one of its attrac- 
 tions ; the temperature of the water is about 78 degrees, 
 and it is clear as crystal. Its sulphurous condition is 
 quite distinguishable by taste and odor. The water is 
 said to be very valuable for its medicinal properties. 
 
 Picolata is ten miles from the above point, on the 
 opposite shore. It is the site of an ancient Spanish 
 fort and settlement, all evidence of which is destroyed. 
 Two centuries and a half ago the Franciscan friars 
 erected here a church and monastery. Picolata is one 
 of the earliest Spanish settlements in America. Under 
 Spanish dictation it boasted of more than one hundred 
 dwellings and shops. It was the main artery of sup- 
 ply for the settlements on the St. John's river, and 
 localities westward. All merchandise of export, in- 
 cluding sugar, indigo, furs and fruits, were here col- 
 lected and sent over to St. Augustine, and thence to Spain. 
 Opposite Picolata, on the west bank, are the remains 
 of Fort Poppa, built of earthwork during the Spanish 
 era. Before the completion of the St. John's wooden 
 tramway, in 1870-71, Picolata presented quite a lively 
 
22 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 appearance, as passengers for St. Augustine were here 
 transferred and conveyed across the country by stage. 
 
 Tocoi. At this point visitors are transferred to St. 
 Augustine. Trains complete the trip, a distance of 
 fifteen miles, in about thirty-five minutes. We are 
 doing tourists a favor when we advise them, by all 
 means, to visit this very interesting city, thfe Newport 
 of Florida, where, during the Winter season, yacht- 
 racing, rowing-matches, pigeon-shooting, and other 
 amusements are indulged in. 
 
 Orange Mills is pleasantly located on the east bank. 
 It has post office, boarding and other facilities. 
 
 Palatka is the largest town on the river south of 
 Jacksonville. It is an admirable location for consump- 
 tives. It has a population of about 1,400. The town 
 is nearly one-half mile in length, and commands an 
 extensive back country trade. It possesses postal, 
 telegraphic and good hotel facilities, churches, etc. 
 The larger steamers make this point their terminus. 
 Small steAmers run to Dunn's Lake ; to the upper St. 
 John's ; also up the Ocklawaha river, etc., etc. There 
 are also other steamers which ply directly between 
 Jacksonville and other special points of interest. The 
 Eastern Herald is the name of a wide-awake weekly 
 journal published by Mr. Pratt. 
 
 San Mateo is a thriving settlement, on an elevated 
 location, five miles south of Palatka on the opposite 
 bank. It possesses two churches, post office and 
 boarding facilities. 
 
 Welaka is twenty -five miles above Palatka, oppo- 
 site the entrance of the Ocklawaha river. It is the site 
 of an old Indian village, and afterward of a flourishing 
 Spanish settlement. South of Welaka, the river grad- 
 ually expands and forms Lake George. 
 
 Volusia is five and a half miles from Lake View. 
 It is the site of a Spanish city long ago obliterated by 
 war. The present village contains about six hundred 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 23 
 
 inhabitants, and was settled in 1818. It was once the 
 principal point on the line of travel between vSt. Augus- 
 tine and the Mosquito Inlet country, on the Atlantic 
 coast. 
 
 Lake George is eighteen miles long and twelve 
 miles wide. The largest of the many beautiful 
 islands in this lake is called Rembert Island, which 
 contains 1,700 acres, with a fine orange grove upon it. 
 The lake is thickly tenanted by varieties of fish, and 
 waterfowl are abundant in the vicinity. 
 
 Alexander's Landing, on Lake Beresford, an inlet 
 on the St. John's river, is a landing place for the set 
 tiers in that vicinity. It possesses school and church 
 facilities, and fine orange groves. Its post office is 
 located at Cabbage Bluff", more recently styled Palm 
 Landing. 
 
 Sanford is located on Lake Monroe, about one mile 
 north of Mellonvilleo Its success as a resort is due to 
 H. S. Sanford, Esq. In the Summer of 1875 he caused 
 to be erected the *' Sanford House," which is elegantly 
 fitted up. Besides all kinds of fruits, the lake is abun- 
 dantly supplied with fish and game. As a health- 
 conducive locality, it is unsurpassed on the river. 
 
 Mellonville is the sight of Fort Mellen, erected 
 during the Indian wars. In the vicinity are several 
 fine orange groves. It possesses hotel and boarding 
 facilities. Its post office is located at Sanford. Lake 
 Monroe, upon which this point is situated, is five miles 
 w4de and twelve miles long. 
 
 Blue Spring is but a short distance north of Enter- 
 prise. It is a wood station for the steamers that ply 
 in this section Near by is the famous spring whence 
 it derives its name. It is one of the largest springs in 
 Florida, being a quarter of a mile long, one hundred 
 feet wide, eighty feet deep and forms a considerable 
 stream, large enough, near the river, to float a steamer. 
 It is an interesting sight to look over the steamer's side 
 
24 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 into the crystal-like water and observe the movements 
 of the various species of fishes below^ in their every- 
 day life. Blue Spring is a stopping place for Orange 
 City, 
 
 Enterprise is a well-patronized resort located on 
 the east bank of Lake Monroe, opposite Mellonville 
 and Sanford. It is the terminus of the Palatka boats. 
 The town possesses good hotel, stores, post office and 
 other facilities. About one mile north of the town is 
 the Green Sulphur Spring, the water of which is a 
 delicate green color, and ofttimes quite transparent. 
 The spring is eighty feet in diameter and fully one 
 hundred feet deep. It is worthy a visit. Enterprise 
 is well patronized by the sporting fraternity. Twelve 
 miles from Enterprise, on the New Smyrna road, there 
 is a good relay point for sportsmen. Snipe, turkey and 
 deer can be found here in abundance. Stages connect 
 New Smyrna and the Indian river with Enterprise. 
 
 Lakes Jessup and Harney. These lakes, in- 
 cluding Salt Lake, are considered fine hunting grounds, 
 especially for duck shooting. During the Winter 
 season a small steamer leaves Enterprise, passing 
 through Lake Jessup to Lake Harney. The time oc- 
 cupied in making the circuit is about tv\^elve hours. 
 Lake Jessup is five miles wide and seventeen miles 
 long. Boats drawing over three feet of water cannot 
 enter this lake. It is very rarely that tourists ascend 
 beyond Lake Harney. Boats of extremely light draft 
 may continue into Salt Lake, which is the nearest point 
 to the Indian river from the St. John's. At Enterprise 
 parties are furnished with conveyance to reach New^ 
 Smyrna and the Indian river. From St. Augustine, 
 also, excursions are made in yachts to the Indian river 
 — the sportsman's paradise for game and fish. 
 
 Crescent City. This new and thriving settlement 
 of about forty inhabitants is located on Dunn's Lake — 
 now called Lake Crescent, about twenty-five miles 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 25 
 
 south from Palatka. Dunn's Creek — now called Deep 
 river — connects this lake with the St. John's. The 
 lake is about four miles wide and twenty miles long. 
 During the Winter the several settlements on the bor- 
 ders of this lake are in direct communication with 
 Jacksonville and Palatka. Stages run from Crescent 
 City to New Britain and Daytona. 
 
 HALIFAX AND INDIAN RIYER SECTION. 
 
 Matanzas, This new settlement is located about 
 eighteen miles south of St. Augustine. During the Sum- 
 mer of 1876 a hotel was erected here for the accommo- 
 dation of the many excursion parties which visited it 
 from St. Augustine. This section is considered an ex- 
 cellent hunting and fishing ground. Here, located 
 on a small marsh island are the remains of a coquina 
 structure, probably used as a lookout and fort combined. 
 It was possibly constructed by Menendez, soon after his 
 arrival and founding of St. Augustine. It is notable 
 in history, as being the locality where the cruel Menen- 
 dez butchered nearly 300 Huguenots in squads of tens, 
 with their arms pinioned behind their backs. The 
 series of massacres occurred on the most extreme point 
 of Anastasia Island, though it is probable that time 
 and tide have destroyed the precise locality where the 
 remains originally laid. 
 
 New Britain. This settlement on the Halifax 
 river, fifteen miles from Mosquito Inlet, originated in 
 1873 with a colony of mechanics from New Britain, 
 Conn. The village is situated on a sloping bank of 
 the river, six miles from its head. The river at this 
 pointis half a mile wide. There is no hotel here, but 
 good board may be obtained at private houses. 
 
 Daytona is located five miles south of New Britain, 
 on the Halifax river, and ten miles north of Mosquito 
 Inlet. Palms, oaks, mulberry, hickory, and other 
 
26 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 forest trees line the river at this point, giving the place 
 a romantic and picturesque beauty. The river here is 
 three-fourths of a mile wide. The shell road of the 
 peninsula, opposite, is known as Silver beach. There 
 are about three hundred inhabitants. Daytona pos- 
 sesses a good hotel, and boarding houses, store, post 
 office, and other facilities. 
 
 Port Orange is located six miles south 'of Day- 
 tona and four miles north of Mosquito Inlet, on the 
 west bank of the Halifax river. It possesses hotel, 
 store, school, church, town hall, and post office facili- 
 ties. Nearly all the residents have fine orange groves. 
 Further south is another settlement, but Port Orange 
 is their post office, at present. 
 
 New Smyrna is located upon Hillsborough river, 
 three miles south of Mosquito Inlet, near the coast. It is 
 abouttwenty miles from Enterprise and aboutsixty miles 
 south of St. Augustine. In 1767 Andrew Turnbull 
 arrived at the coast with his colony of 1,500 Minorcans 
 and, in consideration of his wife being a native of 
 Smyrna, Asia, he gave the same name to this settle- 
 ment. Large crops of indigo were cultivated, which 
 proved quite profitable. At that time the Florida in- 
 digo commanded the highest price of any sold in the 
 English market. In 1772 there were 40,000 pounds 
 exported. The colonists remained until 1776 ; not be- 
 ing treated according to contract, they lett the settle- 
 ment and located at St. Atigustine. The dense hum- 
 mocks for miles around show how vast the plantations 
 were, time not having destroyed the long rows, turn- 
 pikes, or old canals. The present population of New 
 Smyrna is about 200. There is a very good hotel at 
 this point, also post office, store and other facilities. 
 Two stages per week from Enterprise, and the steamer 
 " Border City " will make semi-weekly trips to Jack- 
 sonville and St. Augustine ; also three sailing vessels 
 make weekly trips between here and Jacksonville. 
 
The FLORIDA PATHFINDER, 2^ 
 
 Titusville was formerly called Sand Point. It is 
 located on the west bank of the Indian river, about 
 thirty-five miles south of Mosquito inlet, and nearly 
 opposite Merritt's Island. The town possesses 200 
 inhabitants, two hotels, store, post office and other 
 facilities. Titusville is the terminus of the Lake Har- 
 ney and Titusville Railroad. Mr. S J. Fox, the con- 
 tractor and owner of the road, resides here. 
 
 Harry ville is six miles back of Titusville. A board- 
 ing* house kept by John Henry affords accommodation 
 at this point. 
 
 City Point is situated fifteen miles south of Titus- 
 ville. It contains some twenty-five families scattered 
 along the banks of the river Board may be obtained 
 in private families. 
 
 Georgiana, a settlement at Merritt's Island, thirty- 
 five miles from Titusville. Considerable attention is 
 being paid to pine-apple culture with very successful 
 results. 
 
 Hau Gallie is finely located on the main land ten 
 miles below Georgiana. The State Agricultural Col- 
 lege is a<- this place. Excellent hunting may be had 
 all through this section. 
 
 Routes of Travel. — All of the above places can 
 be reached by the following routes : By steamboat up 
 the St John's to Enterprise, thence by stage to New 
 Smyrna, from this point by the mail or other boats ; 
 or, by sail from Jacksonville, outside route, to New 
 Smyrna and places on the Halifax ; or, by steamboat 
 to Crescent City, thence by stage to the Halifax. As 
 soon as the Lake Harney & Titusville Railroad is com- 
 pleted, passage can be taken by a steamer at Jackson* 
 ville for Lake Harney, thence by rail to Titusville, 
 also by steamer *' Border City " from Jacksonville to 
 New Smyrna, stopping at St. Augustine en route, 
 
 Miami is at the northern point of Biscayne Bay, 
 near the river of the same name* It is a thriving set- 
 
28 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER' 
 
 tlement of about 200 families, and is gradually grow- 
 ing. Board may be obtained at fifty cents per day. 
 From Key West, a schooner visits the section once in 
 every two weeks. A Florida correspondent gives the 
 following means of communication between St. Lucie 
 and Biscayne Bay : '' In a season of floods, miles and 
 miles of this region are submerged, and what at other 
 times is a wilderness of grassy desert then becomes a 
 sea of water, and one may journey from the St. Lucie 
 river to Lake Okeechobee and to the Big Cypress and 
 thence to Biscayne bay and back to St. Lucie in a sail- 
 boat. Through all this vast region, flowers bloom as 
 bright and gay as in the conservatory ; birds sing as 
 sweetly as if hung in gilded cages ; the deer and the 
 panther wander at will ; the rattlesnake and the moc- 
 cassin here abound undisturbed by civilzied man ; the 
 crocodile of the Indus and Nile dwells unmolested ; 
 and the laws of God are as fixed and immutable in the 
 trackless desert of the Everglades of Flo*-'da as in any 
 part of the civilized world." 
 
 Biscayne Bay is a fine harbor for vessels drawing 
 less than ten feet of water. It can be entered with 
 safety at all times. During the year thousands of dol- 
 lars' worth of sponges are shipj^ed from this section. 
 This part of the State is overrun with almost every 
 variety of game. 
 
 A TRIP TO THE INDIAN RIVER. 
 
 The sail from St. Augustine to Matanzas occupies 
 about six hours. At this point good fishing and hunt- 
 ing may be obtained. During the Summer of 1S76 a 
 hotel was built here for the accommodation of the fre- 
 quent excursionist from St. Augustine. About six or 
 seven miles to the south occurs the "' haulover " — where 
 boat and utensils are all hauled over a distance of about 
 eight miles, to the starting point on the Halifax river,. 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 29 
 
 upon reaching which, clear sailing is obtained through 
 to Jupiter Inlet, the most extreme southern point of 
 this grand lagoon. 
 
 The first settlement passed on this lagoon is New 
 Britain, then come Daytona, Port Orange, Allandale, 
 Halifax City ; after passing Mosquito Inlet, you enter 
 the Hillsborough river, and soon arrive at New 
 Smyrna where plenty of hunting and fishing sport may 
 be had. At this place very g^ood accommodation may 
 be had at the Ocean House, kept by E. K. Lowd, whose 
 charges are $3 pel day, and for two weeks and over 
 $14 per week. Continuing south you pass the Sister 
 Islands, and also the mysterious Turtle Mound, a silent 
 relic of an unknown age and an extinct people. A 
 little to the south you pass Oak Hill, and later on you 
 near the entrance of the Haulover canal which gives 
 entrance into the Indian river. This canal is cut through 
 a stratum of coquina rock. The strange umbrella 
 tree marks its route. Two miles to the southeast is 
 the famous Dummett orange grove, while nearly oppo- 
 site the mouth of the canal, located on Indian river, is 
 the new settlement of Aurantia. At Tilusville a 
 good hotel is kept by Colonel Titus. 
 
 Further south, to the east is Banana river, where fine 
 duck shooting may be had. Further on you cross New 
 Found Harbor and stop at Dr. Wittfeld's hotel, terms 
 $2.50 per day, and $I3 per week. In this vicinity is 
 located City Point ; and still further southward is the 
 settlement of Georgiana. At the lower end of Mer- 
 ritt's Island is one of the finest camping grounds in 
 Eastern Florida. Eau Gallic is nearly opposite. Con- 
 tinuing south. Crane and Turkey creeks are passed, 
 and St. Sebastian riverwith its bluffs is reached. About 
 fifteen miles south of this point are Fort Capron, Fort 
 Pierce, Indian River Inlet, and St. Lucie. This sec- 
 tion abounds in game and fish. At Fort Capron, Cap- 
 tain Payne will furnish good accommodations at $3 
 
30 THE FLORIDA 1»ATHF1NDER. 
 
 per day and $15 per week. About four hours sail 
 brings you to Jupiter Inlet, the end of the journey, and 
 if you are disposed to go still further southward, you 
 enter the Everglades, and pursue your varied journey 
 to Lake Worth ; and should you be of a penetrating 
 turn of mind you now have a good opportunity to enter 
 where few men have tread and explore the famous 
 Lake Okeechobee. 
 
 TALLAHASSEE. 
 
 The capital of Florida, is situated on the line of the 
 Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad, about 
 165 miles from Jacksonville. The surrounding coun- 
 try is inclined to be rolling. In the vicinity are several 
 lakes which afford, during the proper season, consid- 
 erable sport to the tourist. During the Summer the 
 wealthy inhabitants of this section visit Fort George 
 Island and St. Augustine for health and recreation. 
 Tallahassee has a population of about 2,000. 
 
 LAKE CITY. 
 
 It is locate'' on the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile 
 Railroad, .143' nine miles from Jacksonville. It derives 
 its name from the many lakes that exist in the imme- 
 diate vicinity. The town proper is situated a short 
 distance back from the depot and possesses several 
 good boarding establishments. 
 
 FERNANDINA. 
 
 Fernandina was built in 1632 by the Spaniards ; it is 
 located on Amelia Island about fifty miles north of Jack- 
 sonville. Present population about 1,300. There are 
 seven churches, hotels, etc. There is a fine shell road, 
 of about two miles in length, leading to the hard ocean 
 beach, which affords a fine drive of nearly twenty 
 miles. Located on the north pomt of Amelia Island; 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 3 1 
 
 and uncompleted, is Fort Clinch. The city has tele- 
 graphic and post office order facilities Fernandina 
 is accessible by rail and water. The harbor is so 
 capacious, that during the war of 1 812 over three hun- 
 dred square-rigged vessels were anchored in its waters 
 at one time. Vessels drawing twenty feet can cross 
 its bar at high tide. Dungeness, the seat of General 
 Nathaniel Greene, is located a few miles distant. On 
 the beach about half a mile from the mansion is the 
 grave of General Henry Lee, of Virginia, the famous 
 " Light Horse Harry" of the Revolution. 
 
 JACKSONVILLE. 
 
 It is the county seat of Duval County, the commer- 
 cial metropolis of Florida, and the largest city on the 
 Atlantic coast south of Savannah. 
 
 It is an enterprising ar d prosperous city ; its present 
 population is about 13,000. It was laid out as a town 
 in 1822 ; its first building was constructed of pine logs, 
 covered over with cypress bark. The city is situated 
 on the St. John's river, about twenty-five miles from 
 the ocean, and is named in honor of General Andrew 
 Jackson. Bay street is the commercial th'J "^nghfare. 
 The commerce of the city is extensive. '"xLoaxiing out 
 of the town are fine shell roads which afford delightful 
 drives. All the streets are wide and spacious, and are 
 'aid out at right angles. 
 
 There are eight churches of the different denomina- 
 tions ; Masonic and other lodges ; a well-organized 
 Fire Department; first -class hotels; three newspaper 
 publications ; public hall, library, etc. 
 
 An enormous business is the cutting and shipping of 
 the Florida Pine ; the mills are kept in constant opera- 
 tion during the year ; frequently the river is dotted with 
 foreign and home vessels awaiting their turn to be sup- 
 plied. The banking facilities are oflered by the First 
 National Bank of Florida and Ambler's Bank 
 
32 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 The city possesses telegraphic facilities to all parts 
 of the United States. Steamers for all points on the 
 St. John's river, connecting at Tocoi with railroad to 
 St. Au<?iistine, leave Jacksonville every morning. Ad- 
 jacent to Jacksonville are the following comparatively 
 new^ settlements : East Jacksonville, Brooklyn, Spring- 
 field, etc., while across the river are Riverside, Ar- 
 lington, St. Nicholas, South Shore, and Alexandria. 
 Jacksonville possesses several points of interest which 
 are worthy of a visit. 
 
 WALDO. 
 
 Waldo is eighty-four miles from Jacksonville and 
 seventy miles from Cedar Keys. Population about 200. 
 Santa Fe Lake, a lari:^e body of water which afibrds 
 excellent facilities for boating and fishing, is about two 
 miles distant. About six miles from Waldo there is 
 a natural sink in the land, covering about two acres. 
 A stream runs into it continually, and yet there is no 
 visible outlet. The Santa Fe River disappears several 
 miles from the village, and flows under ground, thus 
 forming a natural bridge. 
 
 GAINESVILLE. 
 
 This is a thriving town of about 1,500 inhabitants, 
 located on the Atlantic, Gulf and West India Transit 
 Railroad, about eighty-five miles from Jacksonville. 
 The town contains churches of the several denomina- 
 tions, two newspapers, and good hotel accommoda- 
 tions. From this point passengers are conveyed by 
 stage to Tampa and other sections. 
 
 OCALA. 
 
 Ocala is the county seat of Marion Co., located five 
 miles from Silver Spring, west of the Ocklawaha river 
 and is reached from the latter place by carriages. The 
 town contains 600 inhabitants, and possesses good 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 33 
 
 stores, post office, school, church and boarding facili- 
 ties. It is a good hunting locality for small game. 
 
 BROOKSYILLE. 
 
 Brooksville is fifty miles from Tampa. It is the 
 county seat of Hernando County. The town is pleas- 
 antly situated on a hill and contains about one hun- 
 dred inhabitants. It has post office, store, boarding 
 house and other facilities. 
 
 CEDAR KEYS. 
 
 This point, the terminus of the Atlantic, Gulf and 
 West India Transit Railroad, is 136 miles from Jack- 
 sonville. Its population is about 700. A regular line 
 of steamers departs every Saturday for New^ Orleans 
 and Havana, also a semi-weekly line for Tampa, Char- 
 lotte Harbor, Manatee, Key West, etc. Cedar Keys 
 is situated on a fine bay, which affords excellent facili- 
 ties for bathing, boating and fishing. It possesses, 
 also, very good hotel accommodations. 
 
 TAMPA. 
 
 Tampa is a neat town possessing about 500 inhabi- 
 tants and commands an extensive back country trade. 
 A line of stages connects tri-weekly with Gainesville ; 
 also a line of schooners affords direct communication 
 with New Orleans. A short distance from the town 
 are earthworks built by the Indians during the Semi- 
 nole war, and subsequently repaired during the late 
 war. Originally, it may have been the site of a fort 
 erected durmg the Spanish era. The present dilapi- 
 dated fort and barracks are located upon a hill which 
 gradually ascends back of the town and forms a bluff 
 which overlooks and commands the bay. One of the 
 finest live oak groves in the South is located here. 
 Tampa^Bay offers a fine harbor for the largest vessels. 
 
34 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 The bay is about thirty-five miles long Toward the 
 interior it divides into two branches, called Little 
 Tampa Bay and Hillsborough Bay. This sheet of 
 water is dotted over with innumerable islands of all 
 sizes. Tampa Bay contains enormous quantities of 
 fish and turtle. The suiTOunding country is well 
 stocked with game. 
 
 CHARLOTTE HARBOR. 
 
 This is a body of water nearly fifteen miles wide 
 and about thirty miles long. The harbor and sur- 
 rounding water connections ofier superior induce- 
 ments to the fisherman ; whilst the country about 
 is one of the finest in the State for hunting deer and 
 other game. It is reached by steamer from Cedar 
 Keys ; also sailing vessels ply between it and Tampa 
 Upon an island in this harbor there is a chain, or suc- 
 cession of Indian mounds, systematically walled up with 
 conch shells. Relics of old ramrods, ancient brass 
 gun mountings, Indian arrow-heads, beads and pottery, 
 also a small silver bell, of a rich, delicate tone, were 
 dug from one of these mounds. 
 
 PUNTA RASSA. 
 
 Punta Rassa is thirty-five miles from Fort Myers, on 
 the Caloosahatchee river. A regular line of steamers, 
 which ply between Cedar Keys and Key West, stop 
 here twice a week and load with live stock. The 
 United States Government have a signal station at this 
 point. Water fowl and good fishing may be had here. 
 
 FORT MYERS. 
 
 Fort Myers, on the Caloosahatchee river, is thirty- 
 five miles from the Gulf and about sixty miles from 
 Lake Okeechobee. The settlement consists of abou<: 
 twenty houses The fort, from which the name of d*^ 
 settlement is derived, was built by che United States 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 35 
 
 Government during the Indian wars, of which, at the 
 present day, no evidence remains. A short dis- 
 tance from here is a fine cocoanut grove. This sec- 
 tion abounds in game and fish. 
 
 FORT THOMPSON. 
 
 Fort Thompson is an Indian ading post, on the 
 Caloosahatchee river, about six miles from Lake Okee- 
 chobee. This is the nearest white settlement to the 
 lake and the last on the river. 
 
 THE EVERGLADES. 
 
 They consist of an extensive shallow lake inter- 
 spersed with innumerable islands ranging from one to 
 one hundred acres each. It is filled with channels and 
 sinks from three to fifty feet deep. The country is well 
 stocked with the larger species of Florida game. Bor- 
 dering on the Evergladts are prairies from one to two 
 and one-half miles in width. 
 
 INDIANS IN FLORIDA. 
 
 Of the once powerful tribe of Seminoles there are 
 now but about six hundred remaining. This remnant 
 is encamped on an island in the impenetrable Ever- 
 glades. They are peaceful and law abiding. Their vil- 
 lages are laid out in broad streets and their houses are 
 thatched with the palmetto. Tustanooga is the present 
 chief of this remnant of Seminoles. They still retain their 
 negro slaves. In their occasional business transaction 
 with the natives they receive their usual payment of 
 bad whisky in exchange for their skins, furs, etc. Dur- 
 ing the Seminole war the Indians, as a last resort, took 
 refuge in the Everglades, and so peculiarly adapted 
 were the hidden islands for their concealment that it 
 was with the utmost difficulty that they were dislodged. 
 
36 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 KEY WEST. 
 
 Key West is located upon an island of the same 
 name in Monroe County, at the southern extremity of 
 the State. The island is four miles long and one- 
 half mile wide. It is eleven feet above the level of 
 the sea. The population of Key West is about. 10,000, 
 a large number of which are Cuban refugees, engaged 
 in the manufacture of cigars. There is also a manu- 
 factory for canning pine-apples, which grow to per- 
 fection on this and adjacent islands. The climate is 
 mild and agreeable. The hotel accommodations are 
 very good. Connection with Cedar Keys is made by 
 steamers, semi-weekly. 
 
 ST. AUGUSTINE. 
 
 This city, the oldest in the United States, is situated 
 in a direct line about thirty-five miles south of Jackson- 
 ville, three hundred and fifty miles north of the south- 
 ern coast of the Peninsula and fifteen miles east of 
 the St. John's river. It possesses more points of at- 
 traction and interest than any other locality in the State. 
 Topographically it is somewhat similar to New York, 
 or Manhattan Island ; being bounded on the north by 
 the main land and on the east by the North river, the 
 harbor entrance and the Matanzas river, with Anasta- 
 sia Island forming the breakwater, and on the south 
 and west by the St. Sebastian river. For the benefit of 
 our readers we present an original map of the city and 
 its environs. 
 
 The city is built upon the point that was occupied by 
 Menendez. Menendez gave the name of St Augus- 
 tine to the town, as he chanced to arrive on the coast 
 on the day dedicated to that saint ; its previous name 
 being Selooe or Seloy. On the arrival of the Spanish 
 there were found habitations of considerable size. 
 
 The present population is about 2,200. In addition 
 
*HE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 3? 
 
 to the Catholic Cathedral, the city possesses four 
 churches ; Presbyterian, Episcopalian, Methodist (col.) 
 and Baptist (col.) ; a good Peabody fund school, tele- 
 graphic, express and post office order facilities, unsur- 
 passed hotel accommodations, public library, etc. A 
 newspaper, the Florida Press, published by J. F. 
 Whitney, and possessing one of the finest newspaper 
 
 and job offices to be found in the State. There is 
 also in connection with the office a fine establishment 
 for the sale of stationery, fancy goods and other arti- 
 cles of usefulness. 
 
 iOn the arrival of the visitor from Tocoi, the first ob- 
 ject to attract the attention is the long and narrow 
 causeway which leads to the centre of the city. 
 
^8 THE FLORIDA IPATHFINDER. 
 
 Formerly the stages took their passengers at Picolata, 
 and occupied seven hours in the journey over ; on 
 reaching the St. Sebastian river, w^here the bridge now 
 stands, the coach was driven into a flat boat, and, by 
 means of a rope, it was drawn across the river. 
 
 Leaving the causeway, the visitor enters beneath the 
 archway of the oak, and Pride of India trees, vC-ith the 
 Spanish moss hanging in skeins from the branches. 
 
 On our right we pass the handsome grounds and 
 residence of A. Gilbert, Esq. ; on the left is the resi- 
 dence and orange grove of Dr. A. Anderson, in the 
 rear of which are the elegant grounds and mansion of 
 the late Henry Ball, Esq.. formerly owned by Buckr 
 ingham Smith, Esq. 
 
 Emerging from the archway, the tourist arrives in 
 front of the " Plaza de la Constitucion," and is then in 
 the centre of the oldest and most antique city in 
 the United States. 
 
 THE STREETS. 
 
 There are four principal streets which extend nearly 
 the length of the town. The first one passed on enter- 
 ing is Tolamato, upon which is located the Catholic 
 Cemetery. The second, St. George Street, is termed 
 the Fifth Avenue of the city. The third, Char- 
 lotte, is nearly a mile in length, and is from twelve to 
 fifteen feet wide. All of these streets are quite narrow. 
 The cross streets are still narrower. The fourth is Bay 
 Street, and commands a fine view of St. Augustine 
 Bay, Anastasia Island and the Ocean. 
 
 The streets were formerly floored with shell concrete, 
 portions of which can still be observed above the shift- 
 ing sand ; in early times heavy vehicles were not al- 
 lowed to travel upon the same. There are many 
 modern style residences, with elegant grounds, in and 
 about the city, which are well worth a visit. 
 
 King's road, which leads from the city gate to Jack- 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 39 
 
 sonville, was constructed In 1765 b) iubscriptlon. 
 
 Elsewhere will be found a map of the city, also 
 a reference to the same. 
 
 All the old Spanish residences are constructed of 
 coquina stone, a conglomeration of small shell, quar- 
 ried on Anastasia Island. It is covered with stucco 
 and whitewashed. Many of the houses have balconies 
 along their second stories which overhang the narrow 
 street. The old-time Spanish houses were flat-roofed. 
 
 CITY GATE. 
 
 It stands at the north end of the city, at the head of 
 St. George Street. It is the only relic of a town wall 
 supposed to have surrounded the city. It is a pict- 
 uresque and imposing structure. The ornamented 
 lofty towers, the loopholes and sentry-boxes are well 
 preserved, and one can readily expend a few moments 
 examining this antique object of attraction. 
 
 TOWN WALL. 
 
 Whether this wall was composed of the same mate- 
 rial as the old fort or was merely a rough stockade of 
 pine logs, is a matter of conjecture. If a stone wall 
 ever existed it probably now forms a part of some of 
 the old structures in the city. However, this wall or 
 stockade is supposed to have been built some two hun- 
 dred years ago. The north end portion of the wall was 
 situated on the south bank of the ditch, and extended 
 west to the St. Sebastian river, where it ended in a 
 bastion, of which at the present time, with the excep- 
 tion of the sand elevation, no trace remains. 
 
 The ditch, at the present day, is quite visible, and 
 at one time it connected the moat- water around the 
 fort with the St. Sebastian river, but during the late 
 war all evidence of this connection was destroyed by 
 the construction of the northwest fort embankment. 
 -#In 1S71, there existed on the corner of Tolamatoand 
 
40 
 
 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDKR. 
 
 King Streets, a lunette constructed of coquina stone, 
 from twelve to fifteen feet high, and thou2:h it was to 
 visitors an object of attraction nearly equal to that of 
 the city gate, it was removed for personal benefit and 
 chronicled as a city improvement. 
 
 REFERENCE TO MAPOFST. AUGUSTINE. 
 
 lO. 
 
 32 
 24 
 
 27 
 
 Episcopal Church. 
 Council Chamber and 
 City Jail. 
 
 Monument in honor of 
 the Spanish Liberal 
 Constitution. 
 
 28. City Meat Market 
 
 29. The Priest's Dormi- 
 tory. 
 
 The Catholic Cathe- 
 dral. 
 
 ' St. Augustine Ho- 
 tel," E. E.Vaill, Pro- 
 prietor. 
 
 The ''Florida House." 
 Yacht Club House. 
 Cottage Billiard 
 Rooms. 
 
 B.01iveros,Sr.,(Rose 
 Tree.) 
 
 Masonic Lodge. 
 Flcrida Press office, 
 and Whitney Bro- 
 ters of vSt. Joseph. thers' store. 
 
 CLIMATE OF ST. AUGUSTINE. 
 
 It is a mistaken idea on the part of a large number 
 of invalids that the sea air at St. Augustine is not con- 
 ducive to their particular disease. The sea air at St. 
 Augustine, is, on the contiary, most desirable anJ 
 
 Huguenot burying ground 
 is located just north- 
 west of the City Gate. 
 Catholic burying 
 ground. 
 
 " Magnolia Hotel," 
 W. W. Palmer, Prop. 
 The Bishop's Resi- 
 dence. 
 
 Old St. Mary's Con- 
 vent. 
 
 U. S. Court House— 
 Peabody School — 
 L^ost Office — Public 
 Library and Reading 
 Room — C o u n t V 
 Clerk's Office, etc. 
 Presbyterian Ciiurch. 
 Old St. Francis Con- 
 vent. 
 
 18. Monument ill honor of 
 the Confederate Dead. 
 
 20. New Convent of Sis- 
 
 15- 
 17- 
 
 30 
 33 
 
 34 
 35 
 37 
 
 40 
 
 43 
 51 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 41 
 
 CITY OF ST. AUGUSTINE. 
 
 UZ] 
 
42 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 beneficial. Coming, as it does, from the South At- 
 lantic Ocean, and tempered by the inflow of the Gulf 
 Stream, it is devoid of that cold, piercing chilliness 
 which is experienced on the coast in hip^her latitudes. 
 The tendency of the sea air at St. Augustine is strength- 
 ening, bracing and invigorating. For bronchial afflic- 
 tions, weak lungs, catarrh, asthma, and general de- 
 bility the salt which impregnates the mild yet exhila- 
 rating air of St. Augustine proves a valuable medicinal 
 advantage. 
 
 THE SEA WALL. 
 
 This wall is nearly one mile in length ; connecting 
 with the water battery of the fort, it extends south be- 
 low the U. S. Government Barracks. The original 
 wall was built by the Spaniards in 1690, and extended 
 that year to the Plaza, and subsequently extended the 
 length of the town. The present sea wall and fort 
 water battery were constructed in 1S37 to 1S43, at an 
 expense to the U. S. Government of one hundred thou- 
 sand dollars. Both are built of coquina stone taken 
 from the island opposite the city. On the sea wall is 
 a coping of granite, four feet wide, which affords a 
 delightful promenade — especially on moonlight even- 
 ings, and the stillness of the night being broken by the 
 roar of the ocean surf, adds greatly to the romance. 
 
 ORANGE GROVES, GARDENS, ETC. 
 
 St. Augustine possesses numerous line orange groves 
 and gardens, and also boasts of many handsome Win- 
 ter residences — in fact, no other locality in Florida can 
 present a larger or finer array of Winter residences 
 than the Ancient City. In the gardens are found the 
 banana, fig, date, Japan plum, pomegranate, etc. On 
 St. George Street, near the city gate, there is a rose 
 tree, the trunk of which is about three inches in diam- 
 eter. It is an object of considerable attraction. 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 43 
 
 '-■■■• 
 
 THE CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL. 
 
 This is the largest and oldest house of worship in 
 the city ; it was built in 1793 at a cost of over $16,000. 
 Its quaint Moorish belfry, with four bells, which are 
 set within separate niches, together with the clock, 
 forms a complete cross. The peculiar chimes which 
 these old relics of bells give forth, the odd surround- 
 ings of the belfry, including the interior of the church, 
 render it one of the objects of interest in the Ancient 
 City. Upon one of the bells appears the following : 
 
 t 
 
 SANCTE JOSEPH 
 
 ORA PRO NOBIS 
 
 D 1682 
 
 This bell was probably taken from the ruins of a 
 previous church located on the west side of St. George 
 Street. There exist outside of the city gate the ruins 
 of an old chapel in which several priests were killed 
 by the Indians ; after which it was sacked and burned. 
 It was called " Nuestra Senora De La Leche," or 
 "•Our Lady of the Milk." Its erection was the result 
 of a superstition of the Spaniards, borrowed from the 
 ancient Romans. "• (^ur Lady of the Milk" is simply 
 the "Juno Pronuba" of the Romans, whom the 
 matrons invoked and implored, in her proper temple, 
 to furnish them with a sufficient supply of nursing milk 
 fur theii* infants, 
 
44 is,- THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 GOVERNOR'S PALACE. 
 
 The residence of the old-time Spanish Governor is 
 located on the corner of St. George and King Streets. 
 Under the skill of modern workmanship it has lost its 
 quaint appearsince. It serves as post office. County 
 Clerk's Office, Public Library, and Peabody School. 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 The Military Burying Ground is located just south 
 of the Barracks. Under three Pyramids are the ashes 
 of Major Dade and 107 of his men, who were massacred 
 near Fort Dade by Osceola and his band. The Catholic 
 Cemetery is located on the north end of Tolamato 
 Street. The Huguenot Cemetery is located outside of 
 the city gate, ard just north of the Catholic Cemetery. 
 
 THE BARRACKS. 
 
 This building was once used and designated as the 
 St. Francis Convent. IL has undergone extensive modi- 
 fications and repairs ; the building is located at the 
 south end of the town near the terminus of the sea wall, 
 and used at present by the United States troops. 
 
 THE PLAZA. 
 
 The " Plaza de la Constitucion " is situated in the 
 centre of the town. It is surrounded by a fence, with 
 se»ats arranged for the convenience of visitors. During 
 the early part of the Revolution, the effigies of John 
 Hancock and Samuel Adams were burned here by the 
 British troops. Nearly in the centre of the square 
 stirnds the monument, nearly twenty feet high, erected 
 in 1S12, in commemoration of the Spanish Liberal 
 Constitution. A short time after it had been erected, 
 the government gave orders that it should be torn down. 
 The citizens of St. Augustine, upon hearing of this 
 order, quietly removed and concealed the inscribed 
 jp^rble tablets. The monument lemained undisturbed. 
 
TIIK FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 45 
 
 In 1818 the tablets were quietly replaced. Of the 
 monuments erected in commemoration of the constitu- 
 tion this is the only one now standing. Upon the east 
 side ot this monument appears, in Spanish, the follow- 
 ing, of which we give a translation : 
 Plaza de la 
 Constitucion. 
 Promulga e7t esta Ciudad 
 de San Agtistin de la Florida 
 Oriental en 17 de Octubre de 
 181 2 siendo Gobernador el 
 Brigadier Don Sebastian 
 
 Kindalem Cuba Hero 
 del order de Santiago. 
 
 Peira eterna memoria 
 
 El Ayuntainie7ito Consti- 
 
 tucional Erigioeste Obelisco 
 
 dirigido par Don Fer- 
 
 nando de la Plaza 
 
 Arredondo el jfoven 
 
 Reg id or De ca7to y 
 
 Don Franciscor Robira 
 
 Procurador Sindico, 
 
 Ano de 18 13 
 
 Translation. 
 
 Plaza of the Constitution, promulgated in the city of 
 St. Augustine, East Florida, on the 17th day of Octo- 
 ber, the year 181 2. Being then Governor the Briga- 
 dier Don Sebastian Kindalem, Knight of the order of 
 San Diego. 
 
 FOR ETERNAL REMEMBRANCE, 
 
 the Constitutional City Council erected this monument 
 under the supervision of Don Fernando de la Maza^ Ar- 
 redondo, the young municipal officer, oldest member 
 of the corporation, and Don Franciscor Robira, Attor- 
 ney and Recorder, 
 
46 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 FORT MARION. 
 
 It stands at the northeast end of the town and com- 
 mands the inlet from the sea. It is built of coquina 
 stone, which was taken from Anastasia Island. It is 
 probably the best preserved specimen in the world of 
 the military architecture of its time. It is the oldest 
 fortification in the United States. It was com- 
 menced in 1620, and through the labor of the conscript 
 Indians, was completed in 1756. Its first name was 
 " San Juan de Pinos," afterward changed to '* San 
 Marco," and upon the change of flags, in 1S21, it was 
 given its present name. It occupies an acre of ground, 
 and has accommodations for one thousand men and 
 one hundred guns. The Indians were compelled to 
 do the labor of building for over sixty years. Over tlie 
 entrance to the fort is the Spanish coat-of-arms, sur- 
 mounted by a globe and cross, while suspended be- 
 neath is the figure of a lamb. Around the fort square 
 are entrances into its damp and dismal rooms. The 
 dungeons wherein the skeletons were discovered are 
 located at the northeast extremity of the fort. On the 
 north side of the fort, leading from the interior square, 
 is the Catholic Chapel ; the altar and holy water niches 
 are well preserved. The fort walls and three of the 
 watch towers remain intact, but the gims are dis- 
 mounted and the moat is dry. The fort is twenty-one 
 feet high, terminating in four bastioned angles at the 
 corners, each of which is surmounted with sentry- 
 boxes and lookout-towers. 
 
 At the time of the attack by Gen. Oglethorpe, the fort 
 contained fifty pieces of cannon, ranging from twelve 
 to forty-eight pounds calibre. The moat was forty feet 
 wide and about ten feet deep. 
 
 -jFort Marion is a castle built after the plan of those 
 of the middle ages of Europe. There is the moat, 
 which was flooded from the St. Sebastian. There are 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 47 
 
 the inner and outer barriers, the barbican, the draw- 
 bridge, portcullis, '-'icket. and all the appliances of 
 such fortifications. ^ 
 
 The inscription over the fort entrance is as follows : 
 
 REYNANDO EN ESPANA EL SEN^ DON FER- 
 NANDO SEXTO Y SIENDO GOV^^ Y CAP^ DE 
 ES^ C^ SA^ AUG^ DE LA FLORIDA Y SUS 
 PROV^ EL MARISCAL DE CAMPO D^ ALONSO 
 PERNIO HERADA ASI CONCLUIO ESTE CAS- 
 TILLO EL AN OD 1756 DRIENDO LAS OBRAS 
 EL CAP. INGN^o DN PEDRO DE BROZAS Y 
 GARAY. ^ 
 
 Translation : 
 
 Don Ferdinand the VI, being King of Spain, and 
 the Field Marshal Don Alonzo Fernando Hereda 
 being Governor and Captain General of t/jis place. 
 St. Augustine of Florida, and its province, this 
 Fort was finished in the year 1 756. The works were 
 directed by the Captain Engineer, Don Pedro de 
 Brozas T Gar ay. 
 
 In 1846 the terre-plein of the northwest bastion fell 
 in, revealing a dark and dismal dungeon. We have 
 heard from the lips of a reliable person, still a r-^si- 
 dent of St. Augustine, and who was present at the 
 time of the above accident to the fort, of the following 
 facts : ^^ I stood upon the edge and looked down info 
 this dungeon and there saw the complete skeleton of 
 a human being, lying at full length, apparently on its 
 back ; the arms were extended from the body and the 
 skeleton fingers were wide open ; there appeared to be 
 a gold ring upon one of the fingers. Encircling the 
 wrists were iron bands, attached to vs^hich were chains 
 fastened to a hasp in the coquina wall, near the en- 
 trance to the dungeon." 
 ' The military engineer having charge of the repairs 
 
48 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 of the fort and sea-wall, descended into this dungeon, 
 when his curiosity was excited by the discovery, to 
 the northeast, of a broad stone, diflering greatly in 
 dimensions and appearance from those of which the 
 wall was built. He noticed, moreover, that the cement 
 which held this stone in its place differed in composi 
 tion and appeared to be more recent. On the removal 
 of this stone, the present dark, dismal, fearful dungeon 
 was disclosed. On entering with lights there were 
 found at the west end, two iron cages suspended from 
 hasps in the wall. One of the cages had partially 
 fallen down from rust and decay, and human bones 
 lay scattered on the floor. The other remained in its 
 position, holding a pile of human bones. The latter 
 cage and contents may be seen in the Smithsonian In- 
 stitute at Washington. 
 
 This stone was removed by the assistance of Mr. 
 John Capo (now deceased), an honest, old harbor pilot 
 and mason ; we have his statement, made personally 
 to us. confirming the finding of the two cages contain- 
 ing the skeletons, as presented in this sketch. 
 
 From a lecture delivered at the fort by J. Hume 
 Simons, M. D., and afterward 2)ublished in the Floj-ida 
 Press^ we quote : 
 
 *' The broken cage with all the bones, except those 
 which I hold in my hand, were buried in the sand 
 mound to the north of the fort. I recognize these as 
 portions of the tibia and fibula (or leg bones) of a 
 female." 
 
 During the vSeminole war, Osceola and Coacoochee 
 (or Wiid Cat) were captured and confined in the south- 
 west angle of the fort. Coacoochee complafned that 
 the cell was too damp and affected his health, where- 
 upon he was removed to the adjoining one, w'hcre an 
 elevated seat aflbrded him the facility of reaching the 
 grated window above, by means of one Indian mount- 
 ing on the shoulders of another. On the evening pre- 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 49 
 
 vious to the night of his escape he remained an unus- 
 ually long time on the ramparts of the fort, where he 
 was allowed to walk daily for exercise. He had evi- 
 dently been taking- observations of the manner in which 
 the sentinels v/ho guarded outside the fort were sta- 
 tioned, to enable him to determine the safest route to 
 pursue after he should escape from the window. This 
 he effected, during the night, so noiselessly, that when 
 the sentinel, who had paced the whole night before the 
 door of his cell, was about to open the same at dawn, 
 Osceola appeared at the grating of his cell, and with a 
 smirk of delight, exclaimed: "Wile Cat gone." 
 Osceola was afterward removed to Castle Pinckney, 
 Charleston, where he died broken-hearted. 
 
 In 1586 this structure was called Fort St. John ; this 
 was the period when Sir Francis Drake made his 
 attack on the town. At that time the fort was a wood- 
 en entrenchment, enlarged by palisades of pine trees. 
 The platforms were made by placing pine logs hori- 
 zontally across each other, and earth forced in to fill 
 narrow vacancies. When Drake approached the fort 
 it was deserted by the Spaniards ; he found fourteen 
 brass pieces mounted on the platforms, also a stout 
 wooden, iron-bound chest, containing some £2,000, 
 which was intended for the payment of the 150 men 
 who garrisoned it. The town at this period was built 
 of wood, about one-half of which was burned by Drake. 
 In 1665, when Captain Davis, the English buccaneer, 
 plundered the town, the fort was constructed of wood, 
 and octagonal in shape. In 1702 the name of the 
 fort appears to have been changed to St. Marks. 
 
 In 1755 Don Alonzo Fernandez Hereda was ap- 
 pointed commandant, and in the following year (1756) 
 the fort was finally completed. History represents 
 that on the arrival of Pedro Menendez, in 1565, he 
 immediately constructed a wooden fort, no doubt on 
 the site of the present fort. 
 
50 _ THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 CONVENTS, ETC. 
 
 The old St. Mary's Convent is quite an interesting 
 building. It is located on St. George Street, just west 
 of the Cathedral and north of the old Spanish Gov- 
 ernor's residence. In the rear of St. Mary's Convent 
 is a more recent building, designated as the Bishop's 
 residence. The old Convent of the Sisters of St. 
 Joseph is located on Charlotte Street, north of the 
 Barracks. The new Convent of the Sisters of St. 
 Joseph is a fine coquina building located on St George 
 Street, south of the Plaza. The monument erected in 
 honor of the Confederate dead, is located on St. George 
 Street, just south of Bridge Street. 
 
 THERMOMETER IN ST. AUGUSTINE. 
 
 Throughout the year the thermometer very rarely 
 falls below 30 degrees, or rises above 90 degrees. Ac- 
 cording to the old Spanish records kept at St. Augus- 
 tine for over one hundred years, the temperature 
 averaged a little over 70 degrees Ic also jd roved that 
 St. Augustine was warmer in Winter and cooler in 
 Summer than Jacksonville. Nearly all the old works 
 on Florida also testify to this fact. 
 
 VISITORS TO ST. AUGUSTINE. 
 
 The following is the estimated number of visitors to 
 St. Augustine during the respective seasons : 
 
 TS69-70, conveyed by stage from Picolata 400 
 
 1870-71, conveyed by stage from Picolata 650 
 
 1871-72, on opening of St. John's Railroad. . . . 2.S00 
 
 1872-73, the travel increased to abou^ 4- 500 
 
 1873-74, there were upward of 6,000 
 
 1874-75, the travel increased to 9 500 
 
 1875-76, the visitors numbered fully 10,500 
 
 1876-77, there were about 11 ,000 
 
 1877-78, there were about 1 1 iqO 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 5 1 
 
 PALMETTO HATS, LACE, ETC, 
 
 The Palmetto hat, when carefully constructed, is the 
 neatest and most serviceable for this section. There 
 are several artists engaged in this manufacture who do 
 not fail to give entire satisfaction. It is said the lace 
 made by the Sisters of the Convent is equal to that 
 made in foreign countries. Visitors should not fail to 
 procure a specimen, in remembrance of the oldest city 
 in the United States. 
 
 RAYENSWOOD. 
 
 The visitor having left the depot, passes over the 
 causeway and bridge which lead to St. Augustine. 
 
 From the bridge looking north, on the left, will be 
 observed the recently erected dwelling of John F. 
 Whitney, Esq., the proprietor of the new projected 
 settlement of Ravenswood. This is the pioneer resi- 
 dence located upon this tract of over one thousand 
 acres. From its close proximity to St. Augustine, and 
 its sloping, dry and healthful position, it promises soon 
 to become a favorite location for northerners desirous 
 of building-sites and orange groves in the immediate 
 neighborhood of the Ancient City. The prices and 
 terms of sale may be obtained from him at the office 
 of the Florida Press, or at the Magnolia Hotel. 
 
 ^YACHTING, POINTS TO VISIT, ETC. 
 
 No locality in the State affords finer opportunities 
 for yachting than the St. Augustine bav. Numerous 
 yachts convey parties to the points of'^interest. We 
 would suggest a trip to the North Beach — called dui> 
 ing the time of Menendez, Point Quartell. This beach 
 is one of the finesc on the coast and affords an excel- 
 lent view of the Atlantic Ocean A trip to the sand 
 hills where General Oglethorpe planted hi? guns and 
 laid^siege lo For^ Marion j the South Beach ; a visit lo 
 
53 THE P'LORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 Fish's Island ; a sail up the North River ; a visit to the 
 olrl and new lighthouses on Anastasia Island. The 
 old lighthouse was built by the Spaniards in 1760. In 
 1S74 the new lighthouse was erected ; it is 165 feet 
 high from low water mark, and is considered one of 
 the finest lights on the coast. The coquma quarries 
 are located but a short distance from the lighthouses. 
 
 A trip to Matanzas is a pleasant one, where exist 
 the ruins of a fortress or lookout-tower, supposed to 
 l^e of more remote origin than any structure in the 
 .Ancient City, probably excepting Fort Marion. 
 
 St. Augustine is a favorite resort for members of the 
 several yacht clubs of the North, and during the Win- 
 ter under the auspices of the " St. Augustine Yacht 
 Club," yacht racing and other sports are indulged in. 
 
 ANASTASIA ISLAND. 
 
 This island acts as a breakwater and forms the har- 
 bor of St. Augustine. It is about eighteen miles in 
 length and has an average width of about half a mile. 
 Large deposits of coqulna exist nearly the entire length 
 of the island. Several points of interest, worthy a visit, 
 are located upon it. Sir Francis Drake mi 5S6, anchored 
 his fleet just inside of the bar and disembarked at the 
 extreme north point of the island and subsequently 
 crossed the harbor and pillaged the town. General James 
 Oglethorpe, when he visited this section in 1740, dis- 
 embarked on the coast south of Bird Island and marched 
 to the point opposite Fort Marion. Here he threw up 
 a sand battery, of which at the present day, no trace 
 remains. He also mounted guns behmd the sandhills, 
 on Point Quartell, now called the North Beach, 
 probably for the purpose of protecting his fleet, 
 which was anchored in his rear. In 1760 there existed 
 on the northeast point of the island a coquina battery, 
 but the encroachment of the sea has destroyed it, and 
 vessels now sail over the site, 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 53 
 
 SPANISH OOYERNORS. 
 
 1. Juan Ponce de Leon, landed 151 2 
 
 2. Lucas Vasquez de Ajllon 1524 
 
 3. Panfilo de Narvaez ^5^7 
 
 4. Hernando de vSoto, appointed 1537, died 1S42 
 
 5. Tristan de Luna i559~6i 
 
 6. Angel de Villafane 1561 
 
 7. Pedro Menendez de Aviles 1565-72 
 
 8. Pedro Menendez Marquez, killed ^574 
 
 9. Hernando de Miranda I57S~93 
 
 10. John D. Salinas ^593~i^i9 
 
 1 1 . Diego de ReboUedo ^^55 
 
 12. Juan de Hita j Salazar 1676-79 
 
 13. Pablo de Hita, commenced i^79 
 
 14. John Marquez Cabrera, in 16S0 
 
 15. Francesco de la Guerra, commenced 16S4 
 
 16. Diego de Qiiiroga 1690 
 
 17. Laureano de Torrez i Ayala, in i^93 
 
 iS. Joseph de Zuniga i la Cerda, till 1708 
 
 19. Frances de Corcoles Martinez, Capt. Gen.i7oS-i2 
 
 20. Juan de Ayala y Escobar, commenced 171 2 
 
 21. Anthony Benavides 1719-30 
 
 22. Francesco de Moral Sanchez 1730-37 
 
 23. Manuel de Montiano 1737-41 
 
 24. Alonso Hernandez de Herida 1755-5^ 
 
 25. Lucas Fernando Palacios 1758-62 
 
 The above still lacks about ten names of be'ng com- let 3. The 
 
 followiag were the Captains General during the second Spanish 
 supremacy : 
 
 1. Vincente Manuel de Zespedez 17S4 
 
 2. Jos6 de Galvez 17S6 
 
 3. Juan Nepomuceno Quesada ^790 
 
 4. Enrique White 1 796 
 
 5. Juan Josi de Estrada 1811 
 
 6. Sebastian Kindalem 1812 
 
 7. Juan Jose de Estrada (second term) 1815 
 
 8. Jose Coppinger. ...,.......,,.,,...*.,. 1816-21 
 
54 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 RAPID IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 No locality in the State has improved with such 
 rapid strides as St. Augustine, the Newport of Florida. 
 Comparatively but few years ago it was a difficult 
 matter for invalids and others to obtain, even at the 
 leading stores, such articles as they were accustomed 
 to purchase at the North. To-day this city possesses 
 physicians of the highest order, and the business estab- 
 lishments contain all the minor articles as presented in 
 northern cities, and invalids and others may now pro- 
 cure most anything desired — even to the celebrated 
 Moller's Norwegian Cod Liver Oil. 
 
 EXCURSION TO NASSAU. 
 
 In connection with a trip to Florida this Winter, an 
 additional attraction is offered by the enterprising firm 
 of Murray, Ferris & Co., to tourists and others, of vis- 
 iting Nassau, N. P., and the Bahamas, by a short and 
 pleasant trip — this season from Jacksonville, Florida, 
 (St. Augustine, heretofore, having been the Florida 
 headquarters of this line.) Messrs. Murray, Ferris & 
 Co. are continually looking after the interests of the 
 public ; they have secured the fine and comfortable 
 steamship '' Secret," which has been entirely refitted 
 for this special travel, and extends spacious passenger 
 accommodations. The steamer " Secret" will run 
 regularlv between Jacksonville, Florida, and Nassau, 
 N. P., leaving Jacksonville three times each month, 
 and extending one trip each month to Havana, Cuba. 
 This section has long and favorably been known as a 
 Winter resort. To tourists and others, the tropical 
 scenery of New Providence and the surrounding islands 
 is a source of constant enjoyment. The temperature 
 in this locality ranges between 64 and 82 degrees. To 
 those desirous of visiting this section and wishing addi- 
 tional information, we refer them to the card of the 
 Nassau and Havana route to be found in this book. 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 55 
 
 ACCOMMODATIONS IN FLORIDA. 
 
 St. Augustine — Hotels. 
 
 St. Augustine Hotel, E. 
 E. Vaill. Accommodates 
 350 guests; $4; $15 to $25 
 for the season. The inte- 
 rior of this house has been 
 frescoed by a decorative 
 artist from New York. A 
 restaurant hasbeen opened, 
 where all the delicacies of 
 the season maybe obtained. 
 
 Magnolia Hotel, W. W. 
 Palmer. Accommodates 
 about 200 guests. Greatly 
 enlarged ; also undergone 
 many improvements. 
 
 Florida House, J. H. 
 Remer. Accommodates 
 175 guests; $4. 
 
 Boarding Houses. 
 
 Sunny Side, T. F. House, 
 Proprietor ; $10 to $15 per 
 week. 
 
 Hernandez House, Mrs. 
 J. V. Hernandez ; $10 to 
 $15 per week. 
 
 E. J. de Medicis ; $io to 
 $12 per week. 
 
 Mrs. C. H. Patterson; 
 $10 to $12 per week. 
 
 U.J. White; $10 to $15 
 per week. 
 
 Mrs. Taylor; $12 to $15 
 per week. 
 
 Wm. Mickler; $10 to 
 $15 per week. 
 
 Miss A. Dummitt; $12 
 to $15 per week. 
 
 Mr. G. S. Greeno ; $10 
 to $15 per week. 
 
 Mrs. Shine ; $10 to $15 
 per week. 
 
 Matanzas. 
 
 Matanzas Hotel, J. W. 
 Allen ; $2 per day. 
 
 Moultrie. 
 William H. Bottsford ; 
 $2.50 per day. 
 
 Daytona. 
 
 Palmetto House. M. 
 Hoag ; $2.50. $12 to $15 
 per week. 
 
 Pleasant View House, 
 E. N. Waldron; $1 per 
 day. $7 per week. 
 
 Orange House, Mrs. 
 Wheedon ; $1.50. $10 per 
 week. 
 
 New Britain. 
 
 J. A. Bostrom House ; 
 $1.50. $10 per v/eek. 
 New Smyrna. 
 
 Ocean House, E. K 
 Lowd ; $2.50 per day. 
 Halifax River. 
 
 Gesner House, Isaac 
 Gesner ; $3 per day. 
 
56 
 
 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 Port Orange. 
 
 Port Orange Hotel, 
 
 L. 
 per 
 
 G. Stringfellpw ; $2 
 day. $10 per week. 
 
 Titusville. 
 
 Titus House, Bodine & 
 McCarty ; $3 per day. 
 
 Indian River House, 
 Capt. Knowles. 
 
 Fernandina. 
 Egmont Hotel, B. H. 
 
 Skinner, Manager ; $3 to 
 $3.50 per day 
 
 Mansion 
 Downie ; $3-50. 
 Riddell House, 
 ;o. 
 
 House, M. VV.! 
 
 S. T. 
 
 Riddell ; $3.5 
 
 Fort Georg;e Island. 
 Fort George Hotel, D. 
 W. Ranlet ; $3. 
 
 Arlington. 
 Arlington House, Capt. 
 William Vermilya, Man- 
 ager ; $3 to $2.50 per day. 
 
 Orange Park. 
 Park View House; 
 $2 per day. 
 
 Mandarin. 
 W. S. Simmons, Pri- 
 vate Board. 
 
 Hibernia. 
 Mrs. Fleming; $2 per 
 day. $12 per week. 
 
 Jacksonville. 
 
 St. James Hotel, J. R. 
 Campbell, Manager ; $4. 
 
 Carleton House, Stimp- 
 son, Devnell & Davis ; $3. 
 
 Nicholls House^Terwil- 
 liger & Davis ; $3. 
 
 Metropolitan Hotel, C. 
 H. Edwards ; $2 to $2.50. 
 
 Moncrief House, Baker 
 & Pratt, Props. ; $2.50. 
 
 St. John's House, Mrs. 
 E. Hudnall: $1.50 to $2. 
 
 Windsor House, . 
 
 Including numerous 
 boarding establishments. 
 
 Green Cove Spring. 
 
 Clarenden Hotel, Harris 
 & Applegate ; $4. 
 
 Union Hotel, J.J. Ben- 
 son, Manager ; $3. 
 
 Magnolia. 
 
 Magnolia Hotel, T.Wol- 
 cott. Proprietor ; $4. 
 
 On Drayton Island. 
 
 Drayton Island Hotel ; 
 $2.50."' 
 
 Palatka. 
 
 Putnam House, F. H. 
 Orvis ; $4. 
 
 Larkin House, Lavkin 
 & Allen ; $3. 
 
 St. John's Hotel, P. & 
 H. Petermann ; $2.50. 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 SI 
 
 San Mateo. 
 
 Riverdale House, James 
 M. x\. Miller; $2.50. $10 
 to $15 per week. 
 Sanford. 
 
 Sanford House, A. R. 
 Hale & Son ; $3 per day. 
 
 Lake Monroe House ; 
 $15 to $18 per week. 
 
 Mellonville. 
 Mellonvllle Hotel, E. S. 
 White; $3. 
 
 Orange Hotel, Mrs. 
 Marks ; $3. 
 
 Fort Reid. 
 Onoro House, R. S. 
 Edgcomb. 
 
 Orlando. 
 Lake House, C. H. 
 Munger ; $1.50. 
 
 Enterprise. 
 Brock House, Isaac T. 
 Carr ; $2.50 to $3. 
 
 Waldo. 
 Waldo House, H. H. 
 Williams; $2. $10 to $12 
 per week. 
 
 Gainesville. 
 Arlington House, T. B. 
 W^istar ; $3. 
 
 Oak Hall House ; $2.50 
 per day. 
 
 Pennsylvania House, J. 
 J. Lucas ; $1.50 to $2. 
 
 Oliver House, Mrs. P 
 M. Oliver; $1 to $1.50. 
 Tallahassee. 
 City Hotel, William P. 
 Slusser. 
 
 Cedar Keys. 
 Island House, R. H. 
 Mcllvaine ; $3. 
 
 Tampa. 
 Orange Grove Hotel, 
 H. L. Crane ; $2.50. $10 
 per week. 
 
 HOTELS EN ROUTE. 
 
 Richmond, Va. 
 
 Ballard House and Ex- 
 change Hotel, J. L. Car- 
 rington ; $3. 
 
 St. James Hotel, T. W. 
 Hoenniger ; $2.50. 
 
 Ford's Hotel, A.J. Ford; 
 $2 to $2.50 per day. 
 
 St. Charles Hotel, W. 
 N. Bragg & Co., Props. ; 
 $^.50 to $2. 
 
 Petersburg, Va. 
 
 City Hotel, S. A. Plum- 
 mer; $3. 
 
 Norfolk, Va. 
 
 Atlantic Hotel, R. S. 
 Dodson ; $2.50 to $3. 
 
 Pur cell House, J. R. 
 Davis ; $3. 
 
 Old Point Comfort. 
 
 Hygeia Hotel, H. Phoe- 
 bus ; $3 per day. 
 
58 
 
 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 Portsmouth, Va. 
 
 Crawford House, George 
 C. Bourdett; $3. 
 
 American House, Mrs. 
 C. Y. Diggs & Son ; $2. 
 
 Goldsboro', N. C. 
 
 Gregory House, Gre- 
 gory & Freeman ; $2. 
 
 Wilmington, N. C. 
 Pur cell House, Cobb 
 Brothers; $3. 
 
 National Hotel ; $3. 
 
 Danville, Va. 
 
 Arlington Hotel, Sco- 
 ville & Seldon ; $2.50. 
 
 Greensboro', N. C. 
 
 McAdoo House, W. D. 
 McAdoo; $1.50 to $2. 
 Charlotte, N. C. 
 
 Central Hotel, H. C. 
 Eccles; $2.50. 
 
 Columbia, S. C. 
 
 Wheeler House, R. N. 
 Lowrance ; $2 to $2.50. 
 
 Aiken, S. C. 
 
 Highland Park Hotel, 
 B. P. Chatfield ; $4. 
 
 Augusta, Ga. 
 
 Planters' Hotel, B. F. 
 Brown ; $3. 
 
 Augusta Hotel, W. M. 
 Moore, Proprietor ; $2. 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 H. I. Kimball House. 
 J. R. Campbell, prop. ; $3. 
 Markham House, James 
 E. Owens ; $3. 
 
 Macon, Ga. 
 Brown's Hotel, E. E. 
 Brown & Son ; $2. 
 
 Thomasville, Ga. 
 
 Mitchell House, Sander- 
 son & Fabyan ; $3 pr. day. 
 
 Gulf House, George W. 
 Parnell ; $2. 
 
 Charleston, S. C. 
 
 Charleston Hotel, E. H. 
 Jackson ; $2.50 to $4 per 
 day. 
 
 Pavilion Hotel, G. T. 
 Alford ; $2 to $2.50. 
 
 Savannah, Ga. 
 
 Screven House, George 
 W. Sergent, Proprietor ; 
 $2.50 to $3.50 per day. 
 
 Pulaski House, R. Brad- 
 ley, Prop. ; $2.50 to $3.50. 
 
 Marshall House, A. B. 
 Luce ; $3. 
 
 Planters' Hotel, John 
 Bresnan, Manager ; $2, 
 
 Jesup, Ga. 
 
 Altamaha Hotel, A. 
 Wall ; $3 per day. 
 
 Jesup House, T. B. Lit- 
 tlefield; $2. 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 59 
 
 POINTS OF INTEREST EN ROUTE. 
 
 The tourist, en route^ by rail to Florida passes 
 through many beautiful southern cities which are well 
 deserving of a visit. The following cities, located on 
 the direct lines of travel south, are those that have 
 earned a special prominence among Florida sojourners, 
 and who do not fail to annually visit them while 
 going either to or from that State. 
 
 Richmond, the capital of Virginia is located on the 
 James river, at a point where its channel is broken 
 into rapids. The city is well planned, and does a large 
 and increasing trade. It possesses many objects of 
 interest. Houdin's statue of Gen. Washington, said 
 to be a perfect likeness, stands in the Capitol. In and 
 about the same building are various monuments and 
 curiosities which command attention. Richmond is 
 the terminus of those excellent steamships of the Old 
 Dominion Steamship line, which ply between New 
 York, Portsmouth, Norfolk, and City Point, on the 
 romantic and historic James river and the subject 
 of this sketch. 
 
 W^ilmington. This is the most important commer- 
 cial city in North Carolina. It is situated on Cape 
 Fear river, about thirty-four miles from the ocean. In 
 addition to its increasing commerce, Wilmington is an 
 important manufacturing centre, and ranks among the 
 most flourishing cities in the South. There are sev- 
 eral points of interest here that are worth visiting. 
 
 Columbia, the capital of South Carolina, has long 
 been known as one of the most beautiful cities in the 
 South, and noted for its refined and intellectual society. 
 It is situated on the Congaree river, and possesses 
 streetsof unusual width, shaded by large trees, and lined 
 by many fine public edifices and private residences. 
 
 Aiken, in South Carolina, is 120 miles from Charles- 
 ton, seventeen miles northeast of Augusta, and has a 
 
6o fHE FLORIDA l»ATHFlNli>ER. 
 
 population of 2,000 It is upward of 600 feet above 
 the level of the sea. Heie the atmosphere is dry and 
 healthful. It has become quite a reso't among tourists 
 who have completed the^r Winter stay i^ Florida, and 
 are gradually wending their way Northward. There 
 is an excellent hotel here that affords all possible com- 
 fort and equal to any in New York city. It is the 
 Highland Park hotel, under its present management. 
 
 Charleston isoneoftheoldest cities on the continent 
 it having been settled in 1679. It is situated on a tongue 
 of land between tlie Ashley and Cooper rivers, and 
 from the promenade extending along its front the view 
 is unsurpassed, embracing a wide expanse of water 
 and the islands in the harbor, on which stand the forti- 
 fications of Sumpter, Pinckney, Jolinson and Moultrie. 
 The city contains man}' buildings of more than ordinary 
 interest, while the drives about the city are very at- 
 tractive. In connection with the Winter travel co 
 Florida, Charleston deserves especial attention. It is 
 one of the principal points visited by tourists and others 
 when passing to and from that State It is accessible 
 by rail and water, and is directly connected with New 
 York by one of the finest lines of steamers plying on 
 the coast. A few days can be most agreeably spent 
 by the stranger in visiting the many points of interest, 
 which, together with its unsurpassed hotel accommo- 
 dations, entitle Charleston at all times to be considered 
 a point of attraction to visitors. 
 
 Savannah, the metropolis of Georgia, has a popula- 
 tion of about thirty thousand. It is built on the Sav- 
 annah river, about eighteen miles from its mouth. It 
 ranks as the second cotton port of the United States. 
 The city is one of the most beautiful in the South. The 
 streets are broad and j^leasantly shaded with trees, such 
 as the oak, magnolia, sycamore and pride of India 
 species. At every second corner are public squares, 
 numbering twenty-four in all..^ *' Forsyth Park," the 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 5l 
 
 principal pleasure ground of the city, is without doubt 
 one of the loveliest spots in the United States. The 
 cemetery of Bonaventure should be visited by every 
 tourist. It is shaded by the most beautiful grove of 
 live oaks in the world, whose branches interlace over 
 the avenues, and from which hang long pendants of 
 Spanish moss. During the Winter season Savannah 
 is thronged wath visitors from every section who are 
 journeying to and from Florida. 
 
 Atlanta, is in the heart of Northern Georgia, and 
 is one of the principal railroad centres in the Southern 
 States. Florida tourists via the Piedmont Air Line 
 route have a good opportunity of stopping over at this 
 point and visiting the numerous points of attraction. 
 Excellent hotels afford comfort and satisfaction. Hun- 
 dreds of tourists and visitors going to and returning 
 from Florida stop over at this point. f> 
 
 Macon, the northern termmus of the Macon & 
 Brunswick Railroad, is situated on the Ocmulgee 
 river, and has a population of about 15,000. The city 
 is nearly half a century old and possesses several points 
 of considerable interest to the northern visitor. As a 
 cotton market it ranks third among the cities of Geor- 
 gia. It is also of considerable importance as a manu- 
 facturing city. There is a handsome park of 360 acres 
 in extent. 
 
 Jesup. This is a new and flourishing town of 
 about 600 inhabitants, situated at the intersection of 
 the Macon & Brunswick with the Atlantic and GuW 
 Railroad, over which roads a very large percentage of 
 the Northern and Western travel to Florida must pass 
 It is forty miles from Brunswick, fifty-seven miles from. 
 Savannah, 146 miles from Macon, and 240 miles from 
 Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 In addition to the places thus noticed there are many 
 others where the tourist could agreeably spend a day or 
 so with considerable instruction and pleasure. 
 
62 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 HEADQUARTERS FOR INFORMATION. 
 
 NEW YO'^Yi.—Atlatitic Coast Line of Rail- 
 roads^ 229 Broadway, corner Barclay street. 
 
 Central SJiort Line^ J. L. Waldrop, General East- 
 ern Agent, 9 Astor House, near corner Barclay street. 
 
 Piedmont Air Li?ic^]. L. Waldrop. 9 Astor House. 
 
 Virgi7iia Alidla^id Route ^ G. M. Huntington, Gen- 
 eral Eastern Agent, 315 Broadway. 
 
 Bay Line of Steamers, H. V. Tompkins, Southern 
 Passenger Agent, 229 Broadway, corner Barclay street. 
 
 Old Dominioji Stea?nship Co.^ 197 Greenwich 
 street, corner Fulton street ; also New York headquar- 
 ters for the St. John's River steamer '' Hampton," from 
 Jacksonville to Palatka. 
 
 Sava?inah Steamships^ sailing from Pier 43, North 
 River, every Wednesday and Saturday, at 3.00 p.m., 
 Geo. Yonge, Agent, 409 Broadw\ay, near Canal street. 
 
 Charleston Stea7nships^ saiHng every Wednesday 
 and Saturday, from Pier 27, North River, E. Plump, 
 Passenger Department. 
 
 Steamers St. jfohns and City Pointy ply^^S ^^" 
 tween Charleston and Florida ; information to be had 
 at pier of Charleston steamships, 27, North River. 
 
 Nassau Steamer., sailing from Pier 16, East River, 
 Murray, Ferris & Co., Agents, 62 South street; also 
 from Jacksonville, Florida, tri-monthly. 
 
 Railroad tickets may also be procured at all offices 
 of Pennsylvania and Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 
 ticket offices. 
 
 BOSTON' — 203, 205, 214, 219, 222, 228 and 232 
 Washington street ; 3 Old State House ; New York & 
 New England Railroad Depot ; at all offices of New 
 York lines, and all principal railroad offices in the 
 East. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA'— 700, 732, 838, 1351 Chest- 
 nut street, southeast corner Broad and Chestnut streets ; 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 63 
 
 Depot corner Broad street and Washington avenue ; 
 Depot of Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore R.R., 
 corner Broad and Prime streets, and West Philadelphia. 
 
 THROUGH FARES— NEW YORK TO 
 
 Jacksonville, all rail, limited ticket $33.40 
 
 Jacksonville, Bay Line steamers 33 '40 
 
 Jacksonville, Old Dominion steamers 29.90 
 
 Jacksonville, Charleston steamships 25 .00 
 
 Palatka, Charleston steamships 28.00 
 
 St. Augustine, Charleston steamships 29.00 
 
 Enterprise, Charleston steamships 32.00 
 
 Jacksonville, Savannah steamships 25.00 
 
 St. Augustine. Savannah steamships 29.00 
 
 Palatka, Savannah steamships 28.00 
 
 Enterprise, Savannah steamships 32 .00 
 
 EXCURSION TICKETS. 
 
 Jacksonville, by steamships ■. $45.00 
 
 Jacksonville, by all rail ^0.00 
 
 LOCAL FARES. 
 
 Charleston to Savannah, rail $5* 00 
 
 Charleston to Savannah, steamers 4.00 
 
 Charleston to Jacksonville, outside steamers.. . 14.00 
 
 Charleston to Palatka, outside steamers 16.00 
 
 Charleston to St. Augustine, outside steamers . 18.00 
 
 Savannah to Jacksonville, rail 8.40 
 
 Savannah to Live Oak, rail 7.00 
 
 Savannah to Jacksonville, inside steamers 10.00 
 
 Savannah to Palatka, inside steamers 12.00 
 
 Savannah to St. Augustine, inside steamers... . 14.00 
 
 Savannah to Enterprise, inside steamers 16.00 
 
 Jacksonville to Green Cove Spring, river boats, i.oo 
 
 Jacksonville to St. Augustine, boat and rail. ... 4.00 
 
 Jacksonville to Palatka, river boats 2 .00 
 
 Jacksonville to Enterprise, river boats 9.00 
 
 Palatka to Enterprise, steamers 7.00 
 
 St. Augustine to Palatka, rail and boat 3 'OO 
 
64 
 
 THE PLOKIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 NEW MAP OF ALL FLORIDA ROUTES. 
 
 s|c. \ 
 
 DaltoD 
 
 1 AxT, . AuguBta>^^ -A'^^'" V'^ gig 
 
 rarloaton 
 
 -c^^ 
 
 <V 
 
 
 NEW YOBK * 
 
 G A, 
 
 Jcsui> 
 
 
 Duponty ■ P^^ — 
 
 rnandina 
 
 
 
 Toco' 
 
 _T. AUGUSTINE 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 65 
 
 SCHEDULES OF PRINCIPAL ROUTES. 
 
 The following schedules refer principally to Pull- 
 man car service, and are liable to change : 
 
 No. I. Atlantic Coast Line^ via Wilmington^ 
 Charleston^ Savannah^ yacksonville. — Leave Nevv^ 
 York 10.00 p.m. ; take Pullman sleeping car to Rich- 
 mond ; arrive at Philadelphia i.oo a.m.; Baltimore 
 4.55 a.m. ; Washington 6.30 a.m. — breakfast ; arrive 
 at Richmond 11.35 a.m. — dinner; change; take Pull- 
 man parlor car to Wilmington ; arrive at Petersburg 
 12.50p.m.; Weldon 3.30p.m. — dinner; Wilmington 
 9.53 p.m. — supper ; change ; take sleeping car to 
 Charleston ; arrive at Ashley River Junction 6.30 
 a.m.; Charleston 6.50 e.m. — breakfast; change; take 
 day cars to Savannah ; arrive at Yemassee 12.30 p.m, ; 
 arrive at Savannah i.oo p.m. — dinner; change; take 
 Pullman sleeping car to Jacksonville ; leave 4.45 p.m. ; 
 arrive at Jesup 7.15 p.m. — supper; Live Oak 2.25 
 a.m.; arrive at Jacksonville 8.00 a.m.; change. See 
 St. John's Rivei steamers. 
 
 No. 2. Atlantic Coast Line^ via Augusta. — Leave 
 New^ York 10.00 a.m. ; (limited express $2.50 extra ;) 
 change at Washington 5.20 p.m. ; take Pullman car 
 to Florence ; arrive at Richmond 10.35 P-"^- ; arrive 
 at Weldon 2.13 a.m. ; arrive at Wilmington 8.16 a.m. ; 
 arrive at Florence ; change ; arrive at Augusta 8.30 
 p.m.; change; take sleeper to Savannah; arrive i;/« 
 Magnolia Route 6.3c a.m. See Savannah connections. 
 
 No. 3. Bay Line., via Charleston and Savannah. 
 — Leave New^ York 4.00 p.m. ; leave Philadelphia 
 6.00 p.m. ; leave Baltimore, on arrival of train irom 
 New^ York, 9.00 p.m. ; arrive at Portsmouth 10.00 
 a.m. : change ; leave 10.25 ^•"^- 5 arrive at Weldon 
 3.00 p.m. — dinner ; leave 3.32 p.m. ; arrive at Golds- 
 boro' 6.34 p.m. — supper ; arrive at Wilmington 9.53 
 p.m. ; change ; leave 10.00 p.m. ; take sleeping car to 
 
66 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 Savannah ; arrive at Florence 2.30 a.m. ; Charleston 
 6.50 a.m.; Savannah i.oo p.m. — dinner; change; 
 leave via Atlantic & Gulf Railroad 4.45 p.m. ; arrive 
 at Jacksonville 8.00 a.m. See St. John's River steamers. 
 
 No. 4. Central Short Line^ via Savannah, — 
 Leave New York 10.00 p.m. : take Pullman sleeping 
 car to Greensboro; arrive at Richmond 11.40a.m.; 
 arrive at Greensboro S.36 p.m.; change; take Pull- 
 man sleeping car for Augusta ; arrive at Graniteville 
 9.15 a.m., and change for Aiken, arriving 9.40 a.m. ; 
 arrive at Augusta 9.50 a.m. ; leave 10.00 a.m. ; arrive 
 at Savannah 4.40 p.m.; leave 4.45 p.m. for Jackson- 
 ville. See Savannah connections. 
 
 No. 5. Central Short Line^ via Savannah. — 
 Leave New York 8. 20 a.m. ; take Pullman car to Sa- 
 vannah ; arrive at Richmond 10.15 p.m.; arrive at 
 Augusta 8.30 p.m. ; (change here for Aiken, arrive 
 9.00 p.m.;) leave Augusta ; arrive at Savannah 7.15 
 a.m. ; change ; leave Savannah 4.45 p.m. ; take sleep- 
 ing car to Jacksonville ; arrive at Jacksonville 8.00 
 a.m. See St. John's River steamers. 
 
 No. 6. Piedmont Air Line^ via Cumberland 
 Route. — Leave New York 10.00 p.m. ; take Pullman 
 sleeping car to Atlanta; arrive at Richmond 11.40 
 p.m.; arrive at Charlotte 12.00 midnight; arrive at 
 Atlanta 12.00 noon — dinner; change; leave Atlanta 
 2.05 p.m. ; arrive at Macon 6.55 p.m. — supper ; arrive 
 at Brunswick 7.00 a.m. ; change ; take steamer for 
 Fernandina ; arrive i.io p.m.; prrive at Jackson- 
 ville 4.55 p.m. 
 
 No. 7. Piedmont Air Line and Cumberland 
 Route. — Leave New York 8.20 a.m. ; take Pullman 
 car to Charlotte ; arrive at Richmond 10.15 p.m. ; ar- 
 rive at Charlotte 10.20 a.m. ; change ; take Air Line 
 palace car to Atlanta ; arrive at Atlanta 10.30 p.m. ; 
 change ; take Pullman car to Brunswick ; arrive at 
 Macon 6.45 a.m. ; arrive at Brunswick ; change ; take 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 6'J 
 
 steamer to Fernandina, and thence to Jacksonville ; 
 arrive 4.55 p.m. See St. John's River steamers. 
 
 No. 8. Virginia Midland Route and Cumber- 
 land Route, — Leave New York 10.00 p.m. ; take 
 Pullman sleeping car to Washington ; arrive at Wash- 
 ington 6.30 a.m. — breakfast ; change ; leave Washing- 
 ton 7.00 a.m. ; take Pullman car to Atlanta ; arrive at 
 Lynchburg 2.35 p.m. — dinner ; arrive at Christians- 
 burg 6.42 p.m. — supper; arrive at Cleveland 7.43 
 a.m. — breakfast ; arrive at Atlanta i.oo p.m. — dinner ; 
 leave 2.05 p.m. ; arrive at Macon 7.10 p.m. ; change ; 
 take sleeping car ; leave 7*45 p.m. ; leave Jesup 6.45 
 a.m. ; arrive at Brunswick 7.00 a.m. ; take steamer ; 
 arrive at Fernandina i.io p.m. ; take rail for Jackson- 
 ville ; leave Fernandina 1.30 p.m. ; arrive at Baldwin 
 3.35 p.m. ; arrive at Jacksonville 4.55 p.m. 
 
 The above route to Jesup ; change ; leave 7.15 p.m. 
 via Atlantic & Gulf Railroad ; arrive at Jacksonville 
 8.00 a.m. 
 
 No. 9. Virginia Midland and Piedmont Air 
 Line. — Arrive at Lynchburg as in previous route ; 
 leave 2.57 p.m. ; arrive at Danville 6.12 p.m. ; change ; 
 take sleeping car to Atlanta ; leave 6.30 p.m. ; arrive 
 at Greensboro' 8.28 p.m. — supper ; arrive at Charlotte 
 12.15 a-m. ; arrive at Atlanta 12.00 noon — dinner; 
 change. From here continue as in previous schedules. 
 
 No. 10. Virginia Midland and Central Short and 
 Magnolia Routes. — Arrive at Charlotte 12.30 a.m.; 
 Columbia 5.08 a.m.; Augusta 5.30a.m. — breakfast; 
 change ; take Pullman car to Savannah ; leave 6.00 
 a.m. via Magnolia Route; arrive at Yemassee 12.30 
 p.m. — dinner ; arrive at Savannah 3.30 p.m. ; leave 
 via Atlantic & Gulf Railroad 4.45 p.m. ; arrive at 
 Jesup 6.00 p.m. — supper; arrive at Jacksonville 8.00 
 a.m. See St. John's River steamers. 
 
 No. II. Old Dominion Stea?ners^ via Charleston 
 and Savannah. — Leave New York, Pier 37, North 
 
68 
 
 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 Map Showing Routes of 
 
 BAY LINE STEAMERS AND 
 
 OLD DOMINION STEAMSHIP COMPANY. 
 
 BALT/zi, 
 
 \ \ V si .r 4 '^^ / 'h^' 
 
 Lj^'vjond 
 
 PORTSMOUTH 
 
 VVL NORFOLK 
 
 
 V'^^:^, 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 69 
 
 river, every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, arrive 
 following day 5.00 p.m ; change ; take sleeping car to 
 Wilmington ; leave Portsmouth 6.30 p.m ; arrive at 
 and leave Weldon morning 2.15 o'clock; arrive at 
 Wilmington 8.16 a.m. same morning; change; leave 
 Wilmington 8.36. a. m ; arrive at Charleston 5.45. p.m ; 
 leave Charleston 8.10. p.m ; take sleeping car ; arrive 
 at Savannah 6.40. a.m ; change ; leave Savannah 4.45. 
 p.m ; take sleeping car ; arrive at Jacksonville 8. 00 a.m. 
 
 No. 12. Old Dominion Steamers^ via Augusta. — 
 Arrive at Wilmington as in previous route ; leave 8.36 
 a.m ; arrive at Columbia 4.15 p.m ; (Aiken 8.45 p.m.) 
 Augusta 8.30. p.m ; change ; leave 8.35 via Alagnolia 
 route ; take sleeping car to Savannah ; arrive 6.40 a.m. ; 
 change. 
 
 Charleston Steamers, — Leave New York, Pier 27, 
 North River, 3.00 p.m. every Wednesday and Sat- 
 urday. The steamer which leaves New York on 
 Wednesday, arrives at Charleston on Satnrday morn- 
 ing. The steamer which leaves New York on Satur- 
 day, arrives at Charleston on Tuesday morning. Each 
 steamer makes close connection with the steamers 
 '* St. Johns" and "" City Point," for Florida, etc. See 
 Charleston connections. 
 
 Charleston Con7iectio7is — Steamers '"' St. Johns," 
 Capt. Vogel, and '• City Point," Capt. Scott. — One of 
 the above steamers will leave Charleston every Tues- 
 day and Saturday, on ariival of steamer of Charleston 
 line from New York. vSteamer leaving Charleston 
 Tuesday, arrives at Savannah Tuesday afternoon ; ar- 
 rive at Jacksonville Wednesday morning, stopping at 
 principal landings on St. John's River ; arrive at Pa- 
 latka Wednesday afternoon. Steamer leaving Charles- 
 ton Saturda\ morning, arrives at Savannah Saturday 
 afternoon ; arrive at Jacksonville Sunday morning, 
 stopping at principal landings on St. John's River ; 
 arrive at Palatka Sunday afternoon. 
 
70 
 
 THE FLORIDA PATttFlNDER. 
 
 MAP OF SOUTHERN CONNECTIONS. 
 FROM CHARLESTON AND SAVANNAH. 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. *Jl 
 
 Charleston Connections — Sava^inah & C/iarles- 
 ton Railroad. — Leave Charleston 7.15 a m. ; arrive 
 at Savannah i.oo p.m.; leave Charleston 8.10 p.m. ; 
 arrive at Savannah 6.40 a.m. 
 
 JVew Tork and Savannah Steamers. — Steamers 
 " City of Macon" and " City of Savannah" leave Pier 
 43, North River, each alternate Saturday at 3 p.m. 
 Steamers •' Gate City" and '' City of Columbus" leave 
 Pier 43, North River, each alternate Wednesday at 3 
 p.m. Steamer leaving New York Saturday, arrives 
 at Savannah Tuesday, making close connection with 
 steamer of Inland route to Jacksonville and all points 
 on the vSt. John's River. Steamer leaving New York 
 Wednesday, arrives at Savannah Saturday, making 
 close connection with steamer o{ inland route to Jack- 
 sonville and all points on the St. John's River. See 
 Savannah connections. 
 
 Savannah Co?inectio?ts — Inland Steamers. — The 
 steamer "City of Bridgeton" leaves Savannah every 
 Tuesday and Saturday, 5.00 p.m. ; arrives at Jackson- 
 ville next day, evening. Steamer ''David Clark" 
 leaves Savannah every Monday and Thursday, 5.00 
 p.m. ; arrives at Jacksonville next day, evening. 
 
 Savannah Connections. — Steamer "St. Johns" and 
 '' City Point" will touch at Savannah, and leave every 
 Tuesday and Saturday afternoons for Jacksonville and 
 all principal points on the St. John's River, terminat- 
 ing at Palatka. 
 
 Savannah Connections — Atlantic & Gulf Rail- 
 road. — Leave Savannah daily 4.45 p.m. ; take sleep- 
 ing car to Jacksonville; arrive at Jesup 7.15 p.m. — 
 supper ; arrive at Live Oak 2.25 a.m. ; arrive at Jack- 
 sonville 8.00 a.m. 
 
 Boston to Richmond., via Fall River Line — Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad. — Leave Boston via Old Colony 
 Railroad Depot, 6.00 p.m. ; arrive at New York, Pier 
 28, North River, 6.30 a.m. ; leave New York 8.20 
 
72 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 a.m. ; arrive at Washington 4.55 p.m. ; arrive at Rich- 
 mond 10.15 p.m. ; continue South as per schedules of 
 Athmtic Coast Line, Piedmont Air Line, and Central 
 Short Line. 
 
 Boston to Richmond^ via New lork and New 
 England Railroad. — Leave Boston 6.00 p.m. ; take 
 sleeping car; arrive at New York 4.30 a.m.; leave 
 Jersey City 4.35 a.m. ; arrive at Richmond 10.15 p.m. 
 See Atlantic Coast Line, Piedmont Air Line, and Cen- 
 tral Short Line schedules from Richmond. 
 
 Boston to RicJwiond^ via Shore line. — Leave Bos- 
 ton 10.00 p.m. ; arrive at New York 5.53 a.m. ; leave 
 New York 8.20 a.m. ; arrive at Richmond 10.15 P*"^* 
 See schedules from Richmond South. 
 
 Boston to Richmond., via Springfield. — Leave Bos- 
 ton 9.00 p.m. ; arrive in New York 5.23 a.m. ; leave 
 New York, 8. 20 a.m. ; arrive at Richmond 10.15 a.m. 
 See schedules from Richmond South. 
 
 Philadelphia to Savannah — Philadelphia aftd 
 Southern Mail Steafnship Line. — Steamer leaves 
 Philadelphia ever}' Saturday. 
 
 Boston to Savannah. — Steamship leaves Boston 
 every alternate Wednesday. F. Nickerson & Co., 
 Agents, 205 State street, Boston. 
 
 St. yohn's River Steamers — For Palatka and En- 
 terprise. — The splendid steamboat ''Hampton/' Capt. 
 A. W. Starke. James AL Gallagher. Purser, leaves 
 Tacksonville, daily, (Sunday excepted,) 9.00 a.m., on 
 arrival of train from Savannah, for all principal points 
 on the St. John's River as far as Palatka, and return- 
 ing to Jacksonville the same day ; arrive at Mandarin 
 9.30 a.m. ; arrive at Magnolia 10.30 a.m. ; Green Cove 
 Spring 10.45 ^•''^^* ' ^I'l'ive at Tocoi 12.30 p.m. ; (change 
 here and take cars for St. Augustitie, arriving in 40 
 minutes ;) arrive at Palatka 2.00 p.m. Included in 
 the through ticket to Sanford, Mellonville and Enter- 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 73 
 
 prise is a hotel coupon, which extends to the holder 
 first-class hotel accommodations one night at Palatka ; 
 continue — 
 
 Palatka to Enterprise. — Leave 8.00 a.m. on either 
 steamboat, '^Pastime" or "Water Lily"; arrive at 
 Enterprise 7.00 p.m., thus constituting a trip by day- 
 light — -Jacksonville to Enterprise. 
 
 For Enterprise and Sanford. — Steamer '' Hattie" 
 leaves Jacksonville every Tuesday and Friday at 12.00 
 o'clock noon. S. G. Searing & Co., Agents. 
 
 Eor Enterprise and Indian River. — Steamer 
 '* Geo. M. Bird," VV. A. Shaw, Master, leaves Jack- 
 sonville every Tuesday and Friday mornings, after 
 arrival of train from Savannah ; leaves Palatka 9.00 
 p.m. for upper St. John's River, Connecting at Lake 
 Monroe with the new steamer "'Wekiva" for Indian 
 River. 
 
 For Enterprise. — Steamer 'Carrie," Capt Joe 
 Smith ; Leaves Jacksonville every Wednesday 6.00 
 p.m., and Sunday 9.00 a.m., stopping at Palatka. Vo- 
 lusia. Orange City, Mellonville, Enterprise, etc. 
 
 Palatka to Enterprise. — Steamer ' ' Spitfire '* leaves 
 Palatka every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, for 
 all landings on the upper St. Johns ; returning, leaves 
 Enterprise every Monda}-, Wednesday and Friday. 
 
 For Crescent City. — Steamer '^ Flora," Capt. J. F. 
 Rhoads, leaves Jacksonville every Monday, Wednes- 
 day and Friday, 8.00 a.m., stopping at all landings on 
 the river ; connecting at Crescent City with stage line 
 for Daytona, etc. S. G. Searing & Co., Agents. 
 
 For Salt Lake. — Steamer " Wekiva," Capt. Wm. 
 Jones, leaves Jacksonville every Wednesday. 12 noon, 
 touching at Palatka, Welaka, Lake George, Volusia, 
 Lake Beresford, Sanford, Mellonville, Enterprise, 
 Lake Jessup, etc. H. Granger, Agent. 
 
 For Salt Lake. — Steamer " Volusia," Capt. Thorn- 
 
74 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 as Lund, leaves Jacksonville every Saturday, 12.00 
 noon, touching at Palatka, Welaka, Lake George, Vo- 
 lusia, Lake Beresford, Sanford, Melloilville, Enter- 
 prise, Lake Jessup, connecting with St. Johns and In- 
 dian River Railroad for Titusville ; John Clarke, Agent. 
 
 For Ocklawaha River — Harfs Line. — Steamer 
 "Okeehumkee," Capt. A. L.Rice, leaves Jacksonville 
 every Thursday 10.00 a.m. ; leaves Palatka same night 
 on arrival of Charleston steamer ; returning, arrives 
 at Palatka Tuesday morning, and at Jacksonville same 
 day. 
 
 For Ocklawaka River^frofn Palatka. — Steamer 
 '' Marion," Capt. H. A. Gray, leaves Palatka every 
 Monday and Thursday night on arrival of the steamers 
 from Charleston, Savannah and Jacksonville. 
 
 For Okeehu?nkee. — Steamer '■Forester," Capt. 
 Charles Taylor, leaves Jacksonville every Sunday 
 morning 9.00 a.m., touching at Palatka and all landings 
 on the Okeehumkee river. H. Granger Agent. 
 
 For Silver Spri7igs^ Leesbicrg and Okeehumkee. 
 — Steamer *' Tuskawilla " leaves Palatka ever}; Thurs- 
 day and Tuesday, 8.00 p.m. 
 
 For Green Cove Spring. — Steamer " Florence 
 Witherbee" leaves Jacksonville daily 3.00 p.m.; re- 
 turning, leaves Green Cove Spring 7.00 a.m. 
 
 For Gree?i Cove Spritig. — Steamer "Mary Draper" 
 daily from Jacksonville 3.00 p.m. 
 
 St. jfohn's Railway. — Connecting the St. Johns 
 River w^ith St. Augustine. Time about 40 minutes. 
 Making close connections at Tocoi with mail boats 
 and steamers "Hampton," ^' St. Johns," and "City 
 Point," etc. 
 
 Jacksonville^ Nassau and Havana. — Steamer 
 " Secret" leaves Jacksonville three times each month, 
 extending one trip per month to Havana. P. Mc- 
 Quaid, Agent, Jacksonville ; R. F. Armstrong, Agent, 
 St. Augustine. 
 
THE FI-ORIDA PATHFINDER. 75 
 
 BAY LINE 
 
 THE DIEECT AND POPULAR ROUTE TO 
 
 FLORIDA AND THE SOUTH. 
 
 EXCURSION TICKETS AT REDUCED RATES. 
 
 The Attention of Toubists and Travelleks, who contemplate visiting 
 Florida and other favorite Winter Resorts of ihe South, is respectfully ca'led to 
 the improved schedules recently put in operation, and other superior facilities 
 oifered by the 
 
 BAY lilllH »#TWWBt 
 
 to ensure ExPEDiTioxTS, SAFE AND Comfortable travelling. 
 
 The following Time-Table will show the convenient hours of leaving principal 
 point?, viz. : 
 
 LeaveNEW YORK (via Pennsylvania R. R.) - _ _ 4.00 P, M. 
 
 " PHILADELPHIA (via P. W. & B. R. R.) - - 6.00 P. M. 
 
 " BALTIMORE ivia Bay Steamers from Canton Wharf, 
 
 on arrival of New York Train.) - _ _ 9.00 P.M. 
 
 Arriving at Norfolk and Portsmouth at 9.30 a.m., with direct connections via 
 Atlantic Coast Line to all points South. 
 
 Through Cam from New York, directly to Steamers' wharf at Baltimore. No 
 omnibus transfers at any point. 
 
 The 12.55 p.m. train from New York, (via Pennsylvania R. R.,) with Tkrough 
 Cars to Baltimore, also connect directiv with the Steamers. 
 
 The new Palace Steamers of the Line, the "CAROLINA'" and "FLORIDA," 
 (and "VIRGINIA" now building, to be ready for service January 1, 1879.) are 
 unsurpassed in strength of construction and magnificence of finish. Elegant 
 Saloons, large and luirriors Staterooms, sinele and connecting. Superior 
 cuisine cour eous attention, an undisturbed night's rest, and agreeable change 
 .ind relief fr m the monotony and disagreeable features rf a sea-voyage, or fatigue 
 of an all-rail trip. 
 
 Parlor Cars by day, or Pullman Sleeping Cars at night, on connecting rail- 
 lines. 
 
 Reservations made in Parlor and Sleei)ing Oars, and Staterooms on Steamers. 
 Price of Through Tickets, Time-Tables, and general information cheerfully fur- 
 nished on application, by mail or in person, to 
 
 OFFICES: 
 
 2»8 WASHINGTON STREET. 
 
 BOSTON, 
 ««» BROADWAY, 
 
 NEW YORK, 
 
 TOO & 838 CHESTNUT ST., 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 157 WEST BALTIMORE ST., 
 
 BALTIMORE, 
 
 And Principal Ticket Offices of Connecting Lines, 
 
 — :or:— 
 
 H. T. TOMPKIXS, Southern and Sastem Pass'r Affent, 
 229 Broadway, New York. 
 
 £MIM[£T BKOTVN, General Ticket Agrent, 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
76 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 FLORIDA AND THE SOUTH, 
 
 VIA THE 
 
 ATLANTIC COAST LINE 
 
 Fast Mail Passenger Route. 
 ^^ ATT R, A TTj " 
 
 WASHINGTON, RICHMDHD, ' WllMINGION. 
 
 Your attention again is invited to the much-improved condition of this (Treat 
 Through Line over all T'revious seasons. A perfect condition of Roadway and 
 Equipment, create:! by Steel Rail and Ballasted Track, Automatic Brakes, Mini- 
 mnn\ jirades and conci-rt of action at junction points, precludes the possibility of 
 mis-connect iiDis. and enables all delays to be overcome and objective pomts 
 reacheil with absolute certainty. 
 
 DOUBLE DAILY ALL RAIL SERVICE 
 
 to CHARLESTON. SAVANNAH, and to AIKEN and AUGUSTA, 
 via Charlestou. Daily to COLUMBIA, AIKEN. AUGUSTA, JACK- 
 SONVILLE. MACON. ATLANTA, COLUMBUS, MONTGOM- 
 ERY. SELMA. MOBILE. NEW ORLEANS, GALVESTON, &c. 
 
 Pullman Sleepers Boston to Savaunah. Ga., without change, 
 New York to Richmond, "Wilmington to Charleston. Wilmington 
 to Savannah. Wilmington to Aiken, via Charleston ; and Sleeping 
 Cars Savannah to Jacksonville, and Columbia to Augusta and to 
 Savaimah. Parlor Cars on day train between Richmond and 
 WilmiuGfton. 
 
 Persons desirous of visitin EASTMAN, GA.. or THOMASYILLE. GA., will 
 find this route prefera>)le. as eitht-r point can be reached via WASHINGTON, 
 RK HMOND. WILMINGTON. CHARLESTON and SAVANNAH, or by 
 WASHINGTON, RK HMOND. WILMINGTON, AUGUSTA and MAtON. 
 
 Round trin tickets from Norther i and Easttrn points on sate at reduced rates 
 to JACKSONVILLE, FLA. Good to return until May 15th, 1879. 
 
 BAGGAGE CHECKED THROUGH. 
 
 THROUGH TICKETS sold throughout the North and East at 
 all the authorized offices of the Pennsjdvania and Baltimore and 
 Ohio Railroads. 
 
 Special information and reservation of Sections, Berths and 
 Chairs in Pullman Parlor and Sleeping Cars can be had at General 
 Headqu.arters. 229 Broadway, New York. 
 
 For Time Tables, etc., etc., see "Schedule of Routes." 
 
 A. POPE, General Passeu<?er and Ticket Agent. 
 A. SHAW. Supt. P. A P. R.R. K. M, SUI>t,Y, Gen. Supt. P. R.R. 
 
 tJOXAlI H. "WHITE, Southern Passenger Affent, 
 
 General OflSce ft^9 Broad^^ay, Xew Tork, 
 
 Will answer all communications addressed to him. 
 
THF: FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 77 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 OLD D03IINI0N LINE OF STEAMSHIPS 
 
 In close connection with ATLANTIC COAST LINE OF KAIL- 
 WAYS for Charleston, Savannah, Augusta, Aiken, Jacksonville, 
 St. AugiLstine, Palatka, Enterprise, etc., etc. 
 
 One of the follow ng popular side- wheel steamers, 
 OLD DOMINION, WYANOKE, ISAAC BELL, 
 
 Capt. Waxkeb, Capt. Couch, Capt. Laweence, 
 
 Will leave the Company's Pier, 37, North Eiver, every 
 
 TUESDAY, THURSDAY & SATURDAY, 
 
 At 3.00 o'clock P. M., 
 Arriving at Portsmouth 5.00 p.m. next day, making close connec- 
 tion with fast Florida trains. 
 
 Leave Portsmouth 6.30 p.m.; arrive at Wilmington 8.36 a.m.; 
 arrive at Charleston 5.45 p.m.; arrive at Savannah 6.40 a.m.; 
 arrive at Jacksonville 8.00 a.m. 
 
 Here take Old Dominion Steamship Company's elegant steamer 
 
 HAMPTON, 
 
 For all landings on the St. John's Kiver. 
 
 EXCURSION TICKETS 
 
 New York to Jacksonville $45. Go^d to return until May 15, 1879. 
 
 Also connecting at Charleston and Savannah with the splendid 
 and entirely new side-wheel steamer ST. JOHNS, Captain Leo 
 VoGEL, built expressly for the Florida Eoute, for Savannah, Fer- 
 nandina, J icksonv lie. St. Augustine, Hibernia, Magnolia, Green 
 Cove Spring, Tocoi. Palatka. and points beyond. 
 
 The steamer ST. JOHNS unites great speed with the utmost 
 safety and comfort, landing passengers on the St. John's River, on 
 the morning following their departure from Charleston or Savannah. 
 
 W. H. STANFORD, Sec'y. 
 
 GENERAL OFFICE, 
 
 197 Greenwich St., cor, Fulton, New York. 
 
78 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 FLORIDA, AIKEN AND THE SOUTE 
 
 THE CENTRAL SHORT LINE, 
 
 VIA 
 
 RICHMOND, CHARLOTTE AND COLUMBIA. 
 
 to Augusta, Aiken, Charleston, Savannah, JACK- 
 SONVILLE, and ALL POINTS IN FLORIDA and 
 Southwest Georgia. 
 
 Fifty-seven Miles Shorter than any other Line via Char- 
 lotte, Columbia, Augusta, Aiken, etc. 
 Schedule in effect December 1st, 1878. 
 
 Only route running Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars 
 from New York to Savannah without change or de- 
 tention en route. 
 
 Passengers who may wish to perform the journey 
 by easy stages, will find first-class hotel accommoda- 
 tions at the various attractive cities and towns between 
 Richmond, Va., Charlotte, N. C, and Augusta, Ga. 
 
 EXCURSION TICKETS 
 
 on sale at all Coupon Ticket Offices at the following 
 low rates, jrood to return until May 15th, 1879 : 
 
 NEW YORK TO JACKSONVILLE AND RETURN, - - »50 OO 
 
 Philadelphia to Jacksonville and return, ----- 46 OO 
 
 Baltimore to Jacksonville and return, ----- 48 OO 
 
 Washington to Jacksonville and return, ----- 40 OO 
 
 Remember this is the only route via Columbia and 
 Augusta without change of cars, by which route pas- 
 sengers have FIFTEEN DAYS to and from Jackson- 
 ville, with the privilege of stopping off at AIKEN, 
 S. C, and other attractive Winter resorts en route. 
 
 For additional information apply at headquarters, 
 No. 9 ASTOR HOUSE, NEW YORK. 
 
 «J. £.. T¥ALDROP, Gen*l Kaatera Affent, 
 
 Ho, Astor Mouse, Xew "i ork. 
 
 . »a, R. MACM URDO, een'l Passenser Avent, Richmond, Ti». 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. >}^ 
 
 PIEDMONT AIR LINE, 
 
 VIA 
 
 Richmond, Danville, Charlotte, Spartan- 
 burg, Greenville and Atlanta. 
 
 72 MILES THE SHORTEST ROUTE 
 
 BETWEEN 
 
 New York, Atlanta, New Orleans, 
 
 AND THE SOUTHWEST. 
 
 The only Line running Pullman Palace Drawing- 
 
 Room Cars between New York and Atlanta 
 
 without change, with only one change (which 
 
 is made in Union Depot at Atlanta) to 
 
 New Orleans. Close connections 
 
 made in Atlanta for 
 
 ALL FLORIDA POINTS, 
 
 DOUBLE DAILY TRAINS 
 
 between New York, Atlanta, Brunswick, 
 
 Macon, Eastman, Thomasville, Qa., 
 
 Jacksonville and Fernandina, Fla. 
 
 EXCURSION TICKETS, 
 
 available until May 15th, 1879, at the following low rates, on sale 
 at all Coupon Ticket Ofl&ces throughout the North and East : 
 
 NEW YORK TO JACKSONVILLE AND RETURN, - - 950 OO 
 
 Philad Iphia to Jacksonville and return, - - - - _ 40 oO 
 
 Baltimore to Jacksonville and return, - - _ _ _ ^^ OO 
 
 Washington to Jacksonville and return, - - _ _ _ 40 OO 
 
 For additional information apply at headquarters, No. 9 ASTOR 
 HOUSE, NEW YORK. 
 
 J. lu. TVAr.BSOP, Gen'l Eastern Affent, 
 
 No. O Astor Houae, Xew York. 
 J. K. MAOMXJRBO, Gen'l Passeneer Affent, Richmond, Va. 
 W. J. HOUSTOir, Gen'l Pass. Affont, Atlanta, Oa. 
 
8o THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 EXCURSION TICKETS 
 
 BY 
 
 THE VIRGINIA MIDLAND ROUTE 
 
 TO 
 
 FLORIDA AND THE SOUTH 
 
 AHE NOW ON SALE AT ALL OFFICES. 
 
 By its connections ut 
 
 LYNCHBURG 
 
 with the Great Southern Mail Route and the 
 Kennesaw Rou'e, and its connection at 
 
 DANVILLE 
 
 with the direct Hnes via Charlotte, Columbia, 
 or Augusta, 
 
 THE VIRGINIA MIDLAND 
 
 Is enabled to offer a greater variety ot 
 
 THROUGH LINES 
 
 THAN ANY OTHER 
 
 SLEEPING CARS WITHOUT CHANGE 
 
 from New York to Washington, Washington 
 
 to Atlanta, Atlanta to Jacksonville, 
 
 Danville to Savannah, Savannah 
 
 to Jacksonville. 
 
 To insure comfort, ask for Tickets and Berths by the 
 
 VIRGINIA MIDLAND. 
 
 e. M. HUXTIXGTOir, General Eafitern Agent, 
 
 315 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 8t 
 
 OCEAN STEAMSHIP CO. 
 
 Ne'wr York & Savannah Line. 
 THE ROUTE EOB FLORIDA. 
 
 This Line comprises four new and elegant iron steamships, sail- 
 ing regularly from New York and Savannah every WEDNESDAY 
 and SATUEDAY, viz. : 
 
 EVERY WEDNESDAY— Steamship GATE CITY, Capt. Dag- 
 gett ; Steamship CITY OF COLUMBUS, Capt. Nickekson. 
 
 EVERY SA.TURD AY Steamship CITY OF SAVANNAH, 
 Capt. Maxloby ; Steamship CITY OF MACON, Capt. Kempton. 
 
 The elegant accommodations for passengers on these fine ships 
 are unsurpassed by any shi])s out of the Por. of New York. 
 
 Connecting at Savannah with the Georgia and Florida Inland 
 Steamboat Co., and Savannah, Florida and Charleston Steam- 
 boat Co. 
 
 Also WITH 
 
 CENTRAL RAILROAD. 
 
 Two Trains Daily for all ]ioints in Middle, North and Southwest 
 Georgia, Alabama, Mississij-pi, Tennessee and Louisiana. 
 
 And with the ATLANTIC & GULF RAILROAD to all points 
 in Florida, Southern and Middle Georgia and ^vith steamers on 
 the Chattahooche River. Two Fast Trains Daily between Savan- 
 nah and Jacksonville, Fla. C. D. Owens. Gen'l Agent Atlantic & 
 Gulf Railroad, 315 Broadway. 
 
 Families en route for Florida, Georgia, Alabama, and even as 
 far as New Orleans, will find the Savannah Route the most enjoy- 
 able, for comfort as well as saving in expense. 
 
 Through Bills of Lading given for Freights to all points in 
 Flokida, Georgia. Alabama and Tennessee. Rates and Classi- 
 fications will be furnished by the undersigned. 
 
 Goods forwarded through New York and Savannah FREE OF 
 COMMISSION. 
 
 Freight receiv^ed daily at the Covered Pier, 43, North River. 
 
 Bills of Lading furnished and signed on the Pier. 
 For Freight or Passage apply to 
 
 GEO. YONGE, Gen'l Agent, 
 
 Ocean Steamship Co., and Central Railroad of Georgia, 
 
 409 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 
 
82 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 GR£AT SOUTHERN FREIGHT 
 
 AND 
 
 MlfB= 
 
 VIA 
 
 CHARLESTON, S. C, 
 
 THE SOUTH AND THE SOUTHWEST, 
 
 AND THE 
 
 FLORIDA PORTS. 
 
 WEDNESDAY AND SATURDAY, 
 
 At 3 o'clock P. M., from Pier 27, N. K., 
 CITY OF ATLANTA, CHAMPION, 
 
 Capt. M. S. WooDHULL. Capt. R. W. Lockwood. 
 
 CHARLESTON, GULF STREAM, 
 
 Capt. Bekey. Capt. Ingram. 
 
 The above Steamers have been handsomely fitted up for the con- 
 venience of i)assengers, and are unrivaled on the coast for 
 
 SAFETY, SPEED AND COMFORT. 
 
 Close connections at Charleston with the favorite and well-known 
 Florida packets, ST. JOHNS, Capt. Vogel ; CITY POINT, Capt 
 Scott for FERNANDINA, JACKSONVILLE, ST. AUGUSTINE, 
 PALATKA, ENTERPRISE, MELLONVtLLE, and all points in 
 Florida. 
 
 EXCURSION TICKETS AT REDUCED RATES. 
 
 Through Tickets can be obtained at all the principal Hotels and 
 
 Ticket OflSces in the City, or at the Office of the Company, Pier 
 
 27, North River. 
 
 ^^Insurauce to destination, ONE-HALF OF ONE PER CENT. 
 
 Goods forwarded Free of Commission. Passage Tickets and 
 
 Bills of Lading issued and signed at the office of 
 
 JAMES T^. QUIA TABS A CO., AK*ntB, 
 Pier 97, N. B., foot of Park Place. Office on the TVhaj-f. 
 TF. P. cr.'S'BX: <& CO., Xo. « SowUnflT Oreen. 
 
 Through Freight Tariffs, Pass ge Tickets by all routes and to. 
 all points iu the South and Southwest, and further information, 
 can be obtained at the office of 
 
 B£:9rTI.£X S. lIAS£I.r., General Ayent, 
 &re«t ttontkern Fr«l«ht I^lne, SIT Broadway, oor. Thomas M. 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 83 
 
 THE 
 
 Magniliceiit New Steamer 
 ST. JOHNS, . Capt. Vogel, 
 
 Together with the Fine Steamer 
 
 CITY POINT, - Capt. Scott, 
 
 Connect at CHAELESTON and SAVANNAH wdth the New York 
 Steamers and Northern Trains for 
 
 Savannah, Fernandina, Jacksonville, St. 
 
 Augustine, Hibernia, Magnolia, 
 
 Green Cove Spring, and 
 
 Palatka. 
 
 Including dl Landings on St. John's Hiver. 
 
 (Connect at PALATKA with Steamers for ENTEKPKISE, MEL- 
 
 LONVILLE, SANFORD, and INDIAN RIVER ; also 
 
 with Steamers for the OCKLAWAHA RIVER. 
 
 By taking the Direct Route, passengers avoid spending a night 
 
 in malarious districts ; these steamers skirting the shores of the 
 
 Sea Islands and insuring Saeett, Comeokt and Health. 
 
 VISITORS TO FLORIDA, 
 
 Whether pleasure-seekers or invalids, wiU find the route by the 
 ST. JOHNS and CITY POINT the most enjoyable and the least 
 expensive ; it is the only route by which the beautiful scenery of 
 the LowEB St. John's Riveb can be viewed, with the many points 
 rendered interesting, as the scenes of the earliest settlements on 
 the Continent, and of the many bloody struggles l^etween the 
 French and Spaniards. 
 
 Those traveling with invalids — ladies or children — wiU particu- 
 larly appreciate the troul le and anxiety avoided, by being carried 
 direct to their destination without several times having to shift 
 baggage, etc., etc. 
 
 The Steamers are of the safest description, especially adapted 
 t© the serviciv^ fitted with every comfort and convenience— clean, 
 comfortable State-rooms ; a table provided with every luxury of 
 the Charleston, Savannah and Florida Markets, and equal to that 
 oC any first-class hotel. 
 
84 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 NASSAU, N. P., HAVANA, CUBA, 
 
 JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 
 
 Florida, Nassau ari Eavaiia Uail Steansliip Line. 
 
 Steanishij^ SECRET, having been entirely refitted, and having 
 large passenger accommodations, will run regularly between the 
 above points, leaving 
 
 JACKSONVILLE FOE, NASSAU 
 THREE TIMES EACH MONTH, 
 
 And extending one trij) each month to 
 
 THUS FORMING 
 
 THE MOST DELIGHTFUL EXCURSION 
 
 Ever Offered in American Waters. 
 
 rOMBINING 
 
 FLORIDA, NASSAU AND HAVANA, 
 
 IVIth their Varied Phases of Tropical I.lfe. 
 
 ILLUSTEATED GUIDE BOOK OF NASSAU, 
 
 Giving all particulars, including: Table of Temv>erature, etc., will be furnished to 
 all applicants enclosing postage Ptamn and address by mail. 
 
 TO IXVALIO.S seeking a MORE EQUABLE CLIMATE THAN FLOR- 
 IDA can afford, NASSAU is stronKly recommended, as the temperature never 
 fallK below 64'- Fahrenheit, nor rises above 88% and where the 
 variation does not exceed 5" in S4 hours. 
 
 TOUKISTS AXO PLKA.MKE-SEEKKItS will find the tropical 
 scenery of >ew Provic'euce and the surrounding islands a source of constant 
 enjoyment. 
 
 THE ROYAL VICTORIA HOTEL 
 
 Ls beautifully situated, and well kept. It is favorally known the 
 world over by Tourists and Tnivelcrs. 
 
 For further information. Eates, Passage, Schedule of Depart- 
 ures, etc.. api'ly to 
 
 MURRAY, FERRIS & CO., 
 
 Agents and Manag^ers, 62 SOUTH »TBEET. X. Y. 
 
 t,EVE «t AEPEX. Pass. Agents, ©. LEVE, Gen, Pass. Agt., 
 
 271 Broadvray. Savannah, (ia. 
 
 A. E. HUXGEKFoicD, R. F. AKMSTKONG, 
 
 Pass. Airt., Jacksonville, Fla. Pass. Aet., St. Anirustlne, Fla. 
 
 P, McQUAID. Agent. Jacksonville. Fla, 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 85 
 
 THE 
 
 ST. AUGUSTINE HOTEL, 
 
 St. Augustine, Fla. 
 
 E. E. VAILL, Proprietor. 
 
 Ninth Season Opens Monday, Dec. 2, 1878. 
 
 This spacious and el^ant Hotel occupies the most commanding 
 situation in the City ; and having l)een enlarged to double its for- 
 mer capacit3^ offers superior acconmiodatious to the traveling pub- 
 lic. It has a Southerly front of 200 feet upon the Plaza, or E*ublic 
 Square, and an Easterly front of 1 €0 feet upon i he Bay. with wide 
 piazzas and hanging balconies from each story, overlookinpf the 
 City, Bay and Atlantic Ocean. 
 
 The House has been entirely refitted and refurnished throughout, 
 and has been frescoed during the past Summer by a decorating 
 artist from New York. A restaurant has l^een opened, where all 
 the delicacies of the season (an be obtained at reasonable prices. 
 Is lighted with gas and provided with every modern improvement, 
 including water conveniences, electric bells, etc.. etc. The south 
 piazza has been enclosed, and the drainage entirely ]ierfected. 
 
 The Dining Hall is capable of seating over 300 guests, and the 
 table will b ■ furnished with aU the luxuries of the Northern mar- 
 kets. At this Hotel every convenience will be found in the way of 
 Telegraph and Ticket Offices, Bar and Billiard Saloons, etc, 
 
86 
 
 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 ENLARGED AND IMPROVED. 
 
 U3 
 
 CO 
 
 CD 
 
 o 
 
 
 Electric Bells in each Room. Suites of Rooms 
 Families. The Cuisine isfunexceptionabie. 
 Unsurpassed Accommodations. 
 
 for 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 87 
 
 WHITNEY BROS., 
 
 PRINTERS & BOOKSELLERS. 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 9 
 
 l"!J!i!MJ( 
 
 faekli 
 
 SPORTING GOODS, 
 
 AND 
 
 ORDERS RECEIVED. 
 
 Unsurpassed assortment of 
 
 Feather Fans & Feather Flowers. 
 
 FEATHER WORK MADE TO ORDER. 
 
 ST. GEORGE STREET, 
 
 ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA, 
 
 (^opposite Magnolia Hotel.) 
 
88 
 
 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 MAGNOLIA HOTEL, 
 
 ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA. 
 
 W. W. PALMER, Proprietor. 
 
 The Magnolia, in its enlarged condition, is capable 
 of accommodating double its former capacity. Suites 
 of rooms have been arranged for the special conven- 
 ience of families. 
 
 The sleeping appointments have been specially se- 
 lected for comfort and ease, and are unsurpassed. 
 Nearly all the rooms contain marble mantels and fire- 
 places. The ventilation is perfect. Each room is 
 supplied with electric call bells. The new^ dininj^- 
 room is capable of seating 300 guests. The cuisine 
 in every respect is unexceptionable. The hotel grounds 
 are tastefully laid out, and possess a fine croquet lawn. 
 
 The Magnolia is located on St. George Street — the 
 Fifth Avenue of St. Augustine. It stands upon the 
 highest ground in the city, and atibrds a fine view of the 
 town and ocean. Rooms may be secured by telegram. 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 89 
 
 CURIOSITY SHOP, 
 
 ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA. 
 
 Dealer in 
 
 Sea Beans, Alligator Teeth, Shells, 
 Coral, Canes, 
 
 A NO 
 
 OOQUINA ORNAMENTS. 
 
 Feather Flowers & Feather Fans 
 
 Made to Order. 
 
 GENERAL TICKET OFriCE. 
 
 C. F. HAMBLEN, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 CHOICE FAMILY GROCERIES, 
 
 CKOCKEKY, LAMPS, FISHING TACKLE. SPOKTING GOOPS, 
 B(K)TS AND SHOES, I.TC. 
 
 TOBACCO AND SEGARS. 
 
 South Side of the Plaza, 
 
 Opposite the St. Augustine Hotel. ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA. 
 
 MRS. C. H. PATTERSON, 
 PRIVATE BOARDING HOUSE, 
 
 Centrally located on 
 BAY STREET, ST. AUGUSTINE. 
 
 This is one of the finest locations to be found in the Ancient City. Here 
 may be had an unobstructed view of St. Augustine Bay, Anas asia Island, and 
 the Ocean. It is located midway between Fort Marion and the Plaza. 
 
 TERMS, $10 TO $12. 
 
90 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 ROLLESTON'S 
 
 St. George Street, next to Post Office. 
 
 Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Silver Ware. 
 
 FANCY GOODS AND NOVELTIES. 
 
 NATIVK .lEWEI.KV A M> PM-OKIDA CrKIOvrriES. 
 W^atehes and JTe^relry Repaired In a Superior Manner. 
 
 A. H. HORN, 
 
 CHARLOTTE STKEET, - - ST. AXJGUSTIXE, FI.A 
 
 Garments made to order in the latest style. Repairing and 
 Cleaning Old Garments at moderate prices. Terms Cash, A de- 
 l)Osit required on all orders, 
 
 AeEDTT FOR SINOER'S SETFINO MACHINE. 
 
 WM. A. FRY, 
 REAL ESTATE AGENCY. 
 
 Office at Residence, 
 
 KING STREET COTTAGE, IN DR. ANDERSON'S 
 
 GROVE, ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA. 
 
 MRS. J. V. HERNANDEZ, 
 
 first-class 
 
 PRIVAT£ BOARDING HOUSE. 
 
 This house is a new one, and newly furnished throughout, ard 
 will accommodate about forty guests. Is situated on Charlotte 
 street, two doors from the corner of Treasury street, and one block 
 from the "Plaza." A very pleasant location, and well fitted for 
 the comfort of visitors. 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 9 1 
 
 Larkin House, 
 
 PALATKA, - - FLORIDA, 
 On the St. John^s River. 
 
 Is an entirely new hotel, has large rooms, 
 high ceilings and perfect ventilation ; is light- 
 ed with gas ; has electric bells and wardrobes 
 in every room ; the sleeping rooms are hand- 
 somely furnished throughout ; the table is 
 equal to any in the country. Accommodation 
 for 2 5o guests. Rooms engaged by telegram. 
 
 LARKIN & ALLEN, Propers. 
 CAMP LIF£ IN FLORIDA. 
 
 A HANDBOOK FOR 
 
 Sportsmen, Invalids, Tourists and Settlers. 
 
 350 pp., 12mo. Price, $1.50. 
 Published by " FoKEST & Stream " Publishing Co. 
 
 SPORTSMAN'S GAZETTEER, 
 
 A. COMPI.ETE MANTJAI. OF INSTRUCTION IN 
 
 Hunting, Fishing, Training and Diseases of Dogs, Boating, Woodcraft, Taxi- 
 dermy, etc. 900 pages. Price, J|;3.00. 
 Copies can be obtained in St. Augustine, Fla., by application to 
 Whitney Bros, and Florida Press OfSce. 
 
 £<$TABI.I$H£I> 18a«. 
 
 WILLIAM MILLS & SON, 
 
 (Successors to Thos. H. Bate <fc Co.) 
 Manufacturers and Importers of 
 
 N££DL.ES, FISH HOOKS, 
 
 And all descriptions of 
 
 FISHING TACKLE. 
 
 Also, Sole Agents for 
 
 BliOOD'S PATENT HKI>IX NERDLES, AC. 
 
 (Manufactoey : Redditch, Eno.) 
 
 NO. t TVAItKEN STKEET. 
 
 WILLIAM MILLS. THOMAS BATE MILLS. 
 
92 
 
 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 ESTABLISH ED 1840. 
 
 ^^ ^^ OPTICIAN. *; !" ^^^ • 
 
 C- —41 UNION SpUAREr 3 
 
 — ^ BROADWAY At 17!!! ST. 
 
 <^it5; 
 
 .»iO^' •.'^)--S!^^ lA^^. ^ .... . ^^•-1 
 
 ^Sn. ^P^ Mt^^" S.WALDSTEIN, 
 
 ^0UArS'7:^1;iVjt^*' 5K0HLIV1ARKT, 
 
 LATE FROM 451 B.W/^Y. cELEBRMEi ARTIFICIAL EYES. VIENNA. 
 
 FORMERLY 54.sawAY ^^U Agents roR^^^^ 
 
 THE GREAT 
 
 PASS BlWiiB &1^«:, 
 
 BETWEEN 
 
 NEW YORK AND BOSTON. 
 
 PALACE STEAMERS 
 
 Bristol and Providence^ 
 
 Netvporf and Old Colony. 
 
 The Best and Cheapest Route between the 
 
 East and South. 
 
 Headquarters for Florida Tickets in Boston. 
 
 3 OLD STATE HOUSE. 
 
 1.. H. PALMEK, Asent. 
 
 GEO. L. CONNOK, 
 
 6en. Passenser Agreut. 
 
 «Qi>erlntendent. 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 93 
 
 B. W. MERRIAM & CO., 
 
 iff Mwmm€:wmw9 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 MIRRORS 
 
 Of every description, in Stock 
 
 and to Order, of new and 
 
 elegant designs in 
 
 GILT, ROSEWOOD, WALNUT, 
 
 EBONY, OAK, ASH, ETC., 
 
 For Piirlor^, Libraries, Dining- Rooms, 
 
 Halls, Etc. 
 
 Our facilities for supplying 
 
 In every variety of woods, of 
 choice designs and excel- 
 lence of quality, are 
 unsurpassed. 
 PRICES GREATLY REDUCED. 
 
94 
 
 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 
 
 A spacious, new bricK hotel. G-as in every room. Laundry and 
 Bath Rooms. The house is provided with Creighton's Oral Enun- 
 ciator, an Elevator, and is thoroughly finished throughout in first- 
 class style. The house has been built with especial reference to 
 egress in case of fire, having also stand pipes with line of hose on 
 each floor connected with the same. The cuisine department has 
 all the modern improvements, and is under charge of a competent 
 person who has had long experience in a leading Boston hotel. 
 The house is to be kept first-class in every respect. $3 per day. 
 
THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 95 
 
 SPECIAL NOTICE. 
 
 In consequence of the great difficulty in 
 obtaining correct and reliable information 
 concerning matters which interest the Flor- 
 ida tourist, we appeal direct to Proprietors and 
 Managers of all Florida Hotels and those lo- 
 cated on the direct routes of travel to that 
 State that, for mutual benefit, they advise us 
 of any contemplated change in the name of 
 hotel, rates of board, and management for the 
 prospective season of 1879-80. To steam- 
 boat managers in Florida waters- --on St. 
 Johns river, upper St. Johns river section, In- 
 dian river and coast sections, also steamers 
 plying on the Ocklawaha river, etc., we would 
 request that they furnish us complete informa- 
 tion concerning their winter schedules, rates 
 of fare and local distances, time required in 
 round trip, etc., enabling us to present only 
 correct and reliable information to the 
 Florida tourist. Send information to 
 
 JOHN P. WHITNEY, 
 
 Florida Pathfinder. New York Cit}-. 
 
I NDEX 
 
 Florida 3 
 
 Geography. Population, etc 4 
 
 County Map of I'lorida 6 
 
 Vlxperiitions t<> Florida 6 
 
 Climate 9 
 
 Soil arid Production 11 
 
 Sporting Facilities 12 
 
 Expense of a Trip to Florida 14 
 
 Princijial Springs; 14 
 
 The Ocklav aha River 15 
 
 The St. John's River 16 
 
 Map o* Lower St. John's River .18 
 
 Map of Upper St. Join's R'ver 19 
 
 Point-— Distanceson St. Ji.lm's River.20 
 
 Resorts on St. Johir.<^ Rivrr 20 
 
 Mandarin iO 
 
 Hibernia 21 
 
 Miignol a 21 
 
 Green ( ove Spring 21 
 
 Picolata 21 
 
 Tocoi 22 
 
 Orange Mills 22 
 
 I'alatka 22 
 
 San Mateo 22 
 
 Welaka 22 
 
 Volusia 2i 
 
 Lake tieorge 23 
 
 Alexander 8 Landing 23 
 
 Sanford 23 
 
 Mellonville i3 
 
 Blue Spring 23 
 
 Ent rprise 24 
 
 Lakes Jessup and Harney. 24 
 
 < rescent City 24 
 
 Halifax and Indian River Section 25 
 
 Matanzas 2.i 
 
 New Britain 25 
 
 Daytona 2!> 
 
 Port Orange 26 
 
 New Smyrna 26 
 
 Titusville 27 
 
 Harryviile 27 
 
 City Point 27 
 
 Georgiana .27 
 
 Eau Gallie 27 
 
 Routes of Travel 27 
 
 Miami 27 
 
 Biscayne Kay 2« 
 
 A Trip to the Indian River 28 
 
 Tallahassee 30 
 
 Lake City 3i) 
 
 Fernandina oO 
 
 Jacksonville 31 
 
 Waldo 32 
 
 Gainesville 32 
 
 Ocala 32 
 
 Brooksville 33 
 
 Cedar Keys 33 
 
 Tampa 33 
 
 Charlotte Harbor 34 
 
 Punta Rassa 34 
 
 Fort Mj ers 34 
 
 Fort Thompson 35 
 
 he Everglades 35 
 
 India-' s in llorida 35 
 
 Key W.-st ^6 
 
 ST. AUGUSTINE 36 
 
 Map and Environs 37 
 
 Streets 38 
 
 City Gate, Town Wall 39 
 
 Reference to Map of St. Augustine. 40 
 
 Climate of St. Augustine 40 
 
 Map City of St. Augustine 41 
 
 Sea Wall . .42 
 
 Orange Groves. Gardens, etc 42 
 
 C: thclic Cathedral 43 
 
 Governor's Palace . .44 
 
 Cemeteries 44 
 
 The Barracks 44 
 
 The Plaza 44 
 
 F< rt Marion 46 
 
 Cor vents 60 
 
 Therm'ter Ran'-e in St. Augrstine. .PO 
 
 Visituis to St. Augustine .50 
 
 Palmetto Hats, Lace, etc 61 
 
 Ravenswood f 1 
 
 I Yaihtine, Points to Visit, etc PI 
 
 Anastasia Island 52 
 
 I Spanish G')vernors 5.*} 
 
 j Rapid Improvnients .^4 
 
 I ^'assau Steamers .54 
 
 Acconiniodatif ns in I'lf ride 55 to 57 
 
 Hotels eii rouie 57 to 68 
 
 Richm<nd 59 
 
 Wilmington 59 
 
 Columbia. Aiken 69 
 
 ' Charleston. Savannah 60 
 
 Atlanta, Macon, Jesup 61 
 
 j Headquarters tor Inf<>rniation 62 
 
 Local and Through Fares 63 
 
 j M;ip of all Routes to Florida 64 
 
 Schedules of All R.ute- 65 to 74 
 
 Schedules of Prioci- ; I Rovtes...e6 to 74 
 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 I Kay Line Steamer.* 76 
 
 , Atlantic ( oast Line of Railways 76 
 
 , Old Dominion Steamship Co .77 
 
 I Central Ik rt Line 78 
 
 I Piedmont Air Line. . . 79 
 
 I Virginia Midland Route 80 
 
 Savannah Steamsiiiiis 81 
 
 I Charleston Steiim-hips i2 
 
 Steamers St. Johns and City Point — fS 
 
 Nassau Steamer 84 
 
 St. Augustine Hotel 86 
 
 Magnolia H<.tel 86 
 
 Whitney brothers 87 
 
 Magnoha Hotel (-8 
 
 1-. J. Ballard 89 
 
 i C. F. Hamblen 89 
 
 Mrs. V. H. Patterson f9 
 
 Wm. Rolleston 90 
 
 ■ A. H. Hovn 90 
 
 I Wm. A. Fry 90 
 
 I Mrs. J. Hernandez 90 
 
 Larkin House 91 
 
 Forest <fc S ream I iiblicat ons PI 
 
 Wm. Mills A: Son 91 
 
 Fall River Line to F.ofeton 92 
 
 Waldstein. Optician 92 
 
 H. W. Merriam & Co 93 
 
 Carleton Hou>e 94 
 
 Florida Pathlinder 95 
 
 MoUer's ( od Liver Oil 1 
 
 Appleton's Winter Resorts 1 
 
 John Dwight A Co On Cc ver . . . . 2 
 
 Warren Ray On Cover 2 
 
 1 Starr H. Ambler <fe Co. . On C over. ... 2 
 
 H. W OoUender On Cover .3 
 
 I Van Beils, Rye & Rock .On t over — 3 
 
mwk^iAmm w^um 
 
 '«) 
 
 The Grand Medal, the highest premium over all 
 nations, has been awarded to me for Billiard Tables 
 and Combination Cushions, Balls, Cues, &c., &c., at 
 the Paris Exhibition of 1S78. New and second-hand 
 Billiard Tables in all designs at lowest prices. 
 
 H. W. COLLENDER, 
 
 788 Broadway, corner 10th St., NEW YORK. 
 
 9^ Send for Illustrated Catalogne. 
 
 VAN BEIL'S 
 
 "RYE AND RQGK." 
 
 (Trade-Mark Recorded.) 
 
 DEPOT, 88 CHAMBERS STREET, 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Acknowledged by leading physicians and the public 
 that have used it to be the best-known remedy for 
 Lung. Throat and Malarial Diseases. It is a certain 
 cure for Coughs, Colds, Bronchitis, Asthma, Catarrh, 
 and Vocal disorders. 
 
 For sale by all respectable druggists in New York 
 and vicinity. 
 
 JOHN B. TOGNI, JacksoiiYille, Fla., 
 
 distributes it throughout that State. 
 
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