JBE Virginias PAST AND tBIBv^**-. / The Virginias Past and Present Issued by the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company Passenger Department 1900 Ur. A. R.Sporf^W* CHESAPEAKE & OHIO RAILWAY. OFFICIALS AND AGENTS. H. W. Fuller, - - - General Passenger Agent 6oq 14th Street, Washington, D. C. C B. Ryan, - - Assistant General Passenger Agent 3d and John Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio. Ino. U. Potts, - Assistant General Passenger .\gent Sog East Main Street, Richmond, Va. W. S. Bronson - Assistant General Passenger Agent 609 14th Street, Washington, D. C. U. L. Truitt, - - General Eastern Passenger Agent 362 Broadway, New York. G. M. Bond, - . - - District Passenger Agent 513 Pennsylvania Ave. and 609 14th St., Washington, D. C. J. C. Dame, . - - - Traveling Passenger Agent 809 East Main Street, Richmond, Va. R. E. Parsons, - - - District Passenger Agent 253 4th Avenue, Louisville, Ky. G. W Barney, - - - District Passenger Agent Lexington, Ky. A. L. Ellett, - - - Traveling Passenger Agent Cincinnati, Ohio. W. E. Conklyn, - - Northwestern Passenger Agent 234 Clark Street, Chicago, 111. E. B. Pope, . . - - Western Passenger Agent Broadway and Chestnut Streets, St. Louis, Mo. .0 5"^ ^ttom Cincinnati the road Horseshoe, Hawk's Nest, W. Va. extends i6o miles up the valley of the Ohio, with the beautiful river almost constantly in sight. On either shore many thriving towns and busy cities lie under the green hills that slope gradually away. One passes through the fertile pastures of Kentucky and looks over to the bustling towns of Ohio. Then comes Huntington, in West Virginia, then the Kanawha Valley, and the country grows hilly. Charleston, the capital of West Virginia, lies on the opposite bank of the Kanawha. The road follows the river to Kanawha Falls, one of the most picturesque bits of scenery on the line. The hills come down abruptly almost to the river, which, spreading out over the rocks, falls sheer thirty feet. The scenery grows more and more rugged and abrupt until the road enters the wonderful canon at the bottom of which rushes and roars the New River. Sometimes the train seems to be suspended over the river, while the bare face of the rock rises perpendicularly from 1,200 to 1,500 feet. One of the most famous points in this section of the road is the Hawk's Nest, which Chief Justice Marshall measured and found to be 1,292 feet above the river. Enormous boulders washed from the mountain sides and rounded by the force of the water amaze the tourist. A beautiful cataract is the falls of New River. Leaving this region, where nature's wildest mood finds expression, the road emerges upon totally different mountain scenery, through which runs the beautiful Greenbrier. The mountains are more majestic and stretch away at great distance, with beautiful vistas ending only where the clouds seem to come down into the valleys. Such is the scenery about White Sulphur Springs, the Hot and the Warm Springs, and the other famous watering places of the region. The road continues its ascent of the mountains until Allegheny Station is reached. The tunnel here is a mile long and is a wonderful piece of engineering skill. In the tunnel is a spring, some of the water of which flows into the Atlantic through the James River, while the rest escapes into the Gulf of Mexico by way of the Spring Greenbrier, Kanawha, Ohio and Mississippi rivers. The state line between Virginia and West Virginia also crosses the tunnel. Soon after leaving Allegheny the road follows the course of the Jackson River to Clifton Forge, where the Jackson meets the James, and where the James River division of A Unique High Ground Conip;irisous the Chesapeake & Ohio leaves the main line. From Cincinnati to Clifton F\irge, 38(5 miles, the road follows the banks of streams, 250 miles of wliich are navigable. This fact materially aided in the construction of the road through this rugged country, and contributes in no small degree to the comfort as well as to the enjoyment of the traveler. After skirting Elliott's Knob, which has an elevation of 4,500 feet and is the highest point in Virginia, the road passes through Buffalo Gap, a natural opening in the North Mountains. Then on, at a flying pace, to Staunton and the \'alley of Virginia. So past Waynesboro and through the Blue Ridge tunnel. Then comes Afton, and then the Piedmont. This is a broad valley that stretches away like a garden. There is no fairer place in North America than this which now delights the tourist's eyes. When (jovernor Spotswood first gazed upon it, he called it "the Valley of the Euphrates," on account of its exquisite beauty. The comes Charlottesville, and at Gordonsville the choice of a ride over the battlefields to Washington, or a trip to Richmond and down the Peninsula, along the banks of the James, across the Chickahominy, througli the swamps, past Williamsburg, and so on to Newport News, Hampton, Old Point Comfort, Norfolk and Portsmouth, which towns cluster about the mouth of the James River and the entrance to Chesapeake Bay. Every feature of physical geography, every possible variety of scenery, is presented in this ride of twenty-three liours through the most storied land in America. From Louisville the road lies through the richest portion of the famous blue grass region of Ken- tucky, through Frankfort, up the Kentucky River, through Lexington, Winchester and so on to Ashland, Ky., where the road joins that from Cincinnati. In all that goes to make the physical excellence of a railrt)ad the Chesa- peake & Ohio stands among the first of the country. It has west of Clifton Forge nearly 200 miles of double track, and each year the double track on this section will be largely increased. East of Clifton Forge the James River division practically makes a double track of more than 200 miles. The road is rock ballasted and laid with 75 and 100 pound steel rails, equipped with interlocking switches, and operated under the block and staff systems. The train service of the line is famous. The " F. F. ^^" is one of the Tiie Service most perfect trains in the world. In order to gratify the ever increasing desires of the public, a contract was placed with the Pullman Company last fall for new equipment for these trains, to be delivered this spring. The cars are constructed on the very latest patterns — wide vestibules, jileasant interior decorations, large plate-glass windows and comfortable seats — com- bining luxurious ease with stability of construction. It is vestibuled, lighted with electricity, heated by steam, and carries a through dining car from Cincinnati to New York. A vestibuled Pullman sleeper through from Louisville to New York connects with the train at Ashland. The entire train runs through to New York via Washington. By the same train there is through Pullman service to Old Point Comfort. All through trains on the line are vestibuled, heated by steam and lighted by electricity. The cars are exquisitely finished, and there is no more luxurious mode of travel than that afforded by the " F. F". V." A feature of this road and its schedule is that one making the round trip sees the entire line by daylight. THE THEATER OF WAR The country traversed by the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway has been The Ui'voiution the theater of two great wars. The war of the revolution was practicallv terminated at Yorktown, and at Appomattox General Lee gave up the confederate cause. One who travels over the line for the first time is startled by the frequency of the names of places historically familiar as the scenes of great conflicts. From Richmond to Petersburg and Yorktown, Lafayette fought Phillips and Cornwallis. Colonel Tarleton's cavalry rav- aged the James River region, drove Jefferson from Monticello, and raided the assembly at Charlottesville. There were battles at Williamsburg and Jamestown, Cornwallis retreating down the peninsula and finally taking up his position at Yorktown, where the American leaders hemmed him in and struck their great blow. He surrendered October 19, 1781. But these battles, momentous as they were in the world's history, were. The Rebellion in point of fighting, insignificant when compared to the great encounters of Near Thurmond, W. Va. the rebellion. During every year of the war the Valley of Virginia was the theater of the most rapidly shifting scenes of that great drama. Nearly every mile of the road is marked by some event of the war. Waynesboro, where Sheridan finally gained control of the valley, is directly on the line. A little farther on are Gordonsville, Orange Court House, Culpeper and Manassas, where stands the confederate monument. Bull Run is near at hand, and the road passes on over battle-scarred ground ^jifg°o''Js to Alexandria and Washington. It was in his effort to clear the valley that McClellan took his army from Manassas to Yorktown, with Johnston follow- ing. It was one of the most active and hotly contested campaigns of the war. The Seven Days' Battles, commencing with Mechanicsville, were a part of it. Between Orange Court House and Culpeper the train passes the battle field of Cedar Mountain, where Jackson checked Pope's advance. Grant's headcjuarters were at Culpeper when he started on the campaign of the Wilderness toward Appomattox. From Orange, Fredericksburg, Chancel- lorsville and Spottsylvania are easy of access. Near Gordonsville Lee had his headquarters during the last winter of the war. From this point the road runs through Trevilian, Louisa Court House, Hanover, and so to Rich- mond, passing close to Yellow Tavern, where Jeb Stuart was killed in his fight with Sheridan. For miles about Richmond are to be seen the splendid earthworks erected in the defense of the city, and which are such remark- able examples of field fortification. The famous battle fields close by may hardly be named, so numerous are they. The road runs through Seven Pines, or Fair Oaks. It is only seven miles to Drewry's Bluff. Cold Harbor, Malvern Hill and Gaines' Mill are only a few miles from Richmond. The Army of the Potomac marched across the railroad, fighting through the tangled swamps, and Grant marched to the rear of Petersburg. This was in the summer and fall of 1864. The battle of Five Forks was fought, and then came Appomattox. The latter point is most easily reached from Lynch- burg, on the James River division of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway. After the road passes Richmond and through the scenes of McClellan's disastrous battles it touches Williamsburg, Newport News, Hampton, and terminates almost at the sally port of Fortress Monroe. It was 500 yards Greenbrici White Sulphur Springs out from Newport News in Hamj^ton Roads that the Monitor, on March 9, 1862, gave battle to the hitherto invincible Merrimac. MOUNTAINS AND SEASHORE Greenbrier White Sulphur Springs (the Old White) are in Greenbrier Greenbrier County, West Virginia. There is no other place where one may get so full Sniiiiuu- a view of the social life of the south as here. The buildings are in the old colonial style, and in their spacious halls and on their broad piazzas one experiences the full charm of the distinctive southern society. During the season the hotel and cottages are filled with the gay and fashionable from every part of the country, and a girl is scarcely equipped for a social' cam- paign until she has had her season at " The White," that resort of the beauty and gallantry of so many generations. For those who prefer more privacy than is to be had at the hotel the cottages, with their pretty, homelike surroundings, afford an opportunity for carrying out their wishes and at the same time of participating, when so disposed, in the gayeties at the hotel. These cottages, a hundred in number, form a part of the Grand Hotel and make it the largest at any American summer resort. For the season of 1900 a number of important improvements have been made. Golf links have been constructed and will be maintained in first- class condition under the care of a competent instructor. A new and com- plete system of sewerage has been established, covering the entire property, while the natural drainage is all that could be desired. This, with a soil underlaid with gravel and shale, makes the place noted for its dryness and healthfulness. Private baths have been introduced in a number of the rooms in the hotel, as well as in many of the cottage rows. A new electric light plant illuminates the hotel, cottages and grounds. The station of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway is practically at the doors of the hotel, but far enough removed not to mar the beauty of the vast lawn, which is shaded by ancient oaks and maples and towering pines, and at the head of which is the Grand Old Fountain from which pour 50,000 gallons of the health-giving waters daily. Greenbrier, New and Kanawha River Scenery The property is situated in a beautiful valley at 2,500 feet elevation, surrounded by some of the grandest peaks in the Alleghanies. " Kates," one mile to the south, 3,500 feet elevation, with its old family legend; "Greenbrier," the same distance to the west, about the same elevation, and the White Rock Mountains, three miles to the southwest, on the summit of which is a gigantic figure in solid rock resembling a human being, called "Old Titan," who, in all his solitary grandeur, keeps watch over the "Old White." The medicinal virtues of the waters of these springs are world renowned, and have been tested for more than a hundred years. Their distinct medicinal influences are cathartic, diuretic and alterative. In rheumatism, dyspepsia, jaundice, malaria, hay fever, and especially liver troubles, they are a direct specific, and the sulphur baths produce almost immediate relief in gout, scrofula and various skin diseases. In addition to the facilities for giving the hot sulphur baths, including the tub, douche and spout baths, the large pleasure swimming pool affords a great deal of enjoyment. Passengers for Sweet Springs and Sweet Chalybeate Springs leave the trains at Alleghany station at the summit of the mountains, 2,100 feet above the sea. Sweet Chalybeate Springs are nine miles from the station and Sweet Springs a mile and a half farther. Passengers are conveyed over a smooth, well-kept road, through romantic scenery, in comfortable vehicles. Sweet Chalybeate Springs are in Virginia, but Sweet Springs in West Vir- ginia, the state line dividing the two resorts. As they are within easy walking distance it is nothing unusual for the guests to "go visiting over in Virginia." The location of Sweet Springs is in a more open country than is gen- erally the rule in mountain districts. The springs themselves flow from a valley of surpassing loveliness and fertility, surrounded by mountain scenery of wondrous beauty and grandeur. Some idea of the extent of this resort may be gleaned from the fact that 600 or more guests are readily entertained at a time. The new golf links are excellent; the character of the country lends itself to a course of peculiar natural beauty, which will appeal to all lovers of this fascinating sport. Alleghany Station Sweet Springs Old Sweet Springs The water is powerfully tonic, diuretic, mildly cathartic and alterative. As a tonic it is applicable to all cases of debility, general or local, and to many forms of dyspepsia and cases of functional diseases of the stomach and bowels. In diseases peculiar to women the happiest results are fre- quently obtained. The plunge bath ranks among the finest in the world. Amusements are varied and numerous. Music morning, noon and night; billiards, croquet, lawn tennis, tenpins, golf links, etc. There is a splendid livery connected with the establishment. The surrounding drives and rides are numerous and varied, and some of them very picturesque and beautiful. Sweet Chalybeate Springs were known early in the century. The Sweet waters are strongly impregnated with iron, from which they have derived spimgs' the name of "Red Springs." They are among the most valuable chalybeate springs in the world. The climate at Old Sweet and Sweet Chalybeate springs is the most delightful in America. It is entirely free from malaria, there are no mosquitoes, and even during the warmest weather the nights are cool; hence visitors should supply themselves with an abundance of warm clothing. The drainage is perfect and the sanitary conditions not surpassed. Millboro station is seventeen miles east of Clifton Forge. The eleva- MUUioro tion is 2,100 feet, and the location is particularly healthy. The hotel and cottages afford comfortable accommodations. Nimrod Hall is seven miles from Millboro station, and is a charming xinmni iiaii little resort. It is situated in the valley, on the banks of the beautiful Cowpasture River. Boats and fishing tackle can be had of the proprietor, and many bass are caught during the season. The hall and cottages accommodate seventy-five guests. Cold Sulphur Springs, two miles from Goshen, is the center of a group Coid of the most celebrated mineral springs in the state. For rest and recrea- springs tion it is one of the most delightful places in the mountains, and has long been famous for the beauty and grandeur of its scenery, its delightful and salubrious climate, and above all the remedial and restorative effects of its medicinal waters. The hotel is well kept and the charges moderate. Stages meet all trains at Goshen station. Hotel Alleghany The Hotel Alleghany, recently completed, stands on a plateau nearly The Alleghany 2,000 feet above the sea and 100 feet above the river, on an eminence rising abruptly out of the valley, and overlooks the town of Goshen. The hotel is built in the sixteenth century Gothic style, and the harmony of its exterior appearance is fully carried out in the luxurious equipments and furnishings of the interior. The house, finished in hard woods, is furnished with incandescent electric lights, and ample open fires give that cheery appearance which they alone can impart. The view of valleys, rolling country and towering mountain peaks is magnificent. Elliot's Knob, the highest mountain in Virginia, is only a few miles distant. The drives in the vicinity are numerous, beautiful and romantic. Goshen Pass is one of the most picturesque and awe-inspiring gorges in the country. The wagon road threads its way along the side of the mountain, rounding huge boulders, and at every turn is presented to view a different phase of nature's fretful mood. At one place on the mountain is a large pile of huge boulders, and the legend goes that when the earth was being built the " Evil One " was passing with a bag of boulders, but the string broke and they all fell out. Far down below, the North River, angry with the rocks for impeding its progress, is rushing and tumbling, all the while complaining with its con- stant roar as it hurries to join the waters of the great ocean, which it finally does through the beautiful James River at Hampton Roads. Nine miles from Goshen are the Rockbridge Alum Springs, described more fully on the next page. These resorts are managed in conjunction, and are connected by frequent train service on the narrow-gauge rail- road owned by the hotels. Golf links at Rockbridge Alum are accessible to the guests of the Alleghany. A first-class orchestra gives afternoon concerts, and furnishes the incentive for the nightly hops and a number of Germans and masquerades during the summer. Rockbridge Alum Springs, nine miles from Goshen, Va., have been KoekbridKc ° JT o > > > Alum Springs famous as a health and pleasure resort for many decades. The property is situated 2,000 feet above sea level. In the center of a lawn of fifty acres, shaded by fine old forest trees, are located the three hotels, " Grand," .hmLh^- «-t mm C^' ^.-i'i^.jl, ^<^::^i^i "Brooke" and "Central," surrounded ])y numerous cottages, affording accommodations for 600 guests. In retired nooks in different parts of the grounds are the springs, nine in all, the waters from which have long been famous for their valuable medicinal qualities. They are alum, chalybeate, iron and freestone, are heartily endorsed by physicians throughout the country, and are especially valuable for blood diseases, liver trouble, diseases of women, kidney troubles and affections of the throat. While this is a most delightful place for the invalid, where the seclu- sion of the cottages afford the quiet and rest so often necessary to assist in the restoration of health, the pleasure seeker will find all the diversions to prevent time hanging heavily on his hands. Golf Links have been con- structed, and will be kept in good order under the care of an instructor. A first-class livery is connected with the place, and the delightful roads in the neighborhood afford ample excuse for a gallop or short excursion to some interesting spot near by. The quaint old town of Lexington is only a fev miles distant. The Springs are reached by the narrow-gauge railroad from Goshen, upon which the service is frequent and the fare reduced to a nominal amount, but little more than street car fare. The Hotel Alleghany at Goshen is operated in conjunction with the Rockbridge Alum, and the guests at either resort will find a hearty welcome at the other. The band gives afternoon concerts on the lawn, and the orchestra furnishes dancing music in the evening. The ballroom is large, 150 by 40 feet, and the floor is excellent. At one end of the ballroom is the stage, equipped with scenery necessary for the production of amateur theatricals, and hardly a week goes by without entertainments of that sort. Luray Caverns, forty-four miles from Basic City, present rival attrac- Luray tions to the wonderful springs region. The marvelous stalactite and stal- ^^'''"'' agmite formations are weird and fantastic. In visiting these caverns one may easily imagine one's self in the realm of enchantment. Natural Bridge is reached by the James River division of the Chesa- Natural peake & Ohio Railway from Clifton Forge. The wonder of wonders in Red Sulphur Springs Virginia is the Natural Bridge. The imposing and majestic grace of this exquisite example of nature's architecture cannot be imagined. One stands spellbound gazing at that glorious arch, superb in its proportions. The utmost care has been taken to preserve the natural wild beauty of the glen. Red Sulphur Springs are located twelve miles from the railroad, and are reached by a fine turnpike road from Lowell station. They have been for many years the retreat of consumptives, and are the only waters in the United States known to cure pulmonary troubles. They have been held in high esteem for the last half century, and are invaluable in catarrh, throat troubles, heart disease, nervous prostration, dyspepsia, rheumatism and hay fever. The hotel buildings are spacious and afford every comfort to guests. Salt Sulphur Springs, fourteen miles from the railroad, are reached from Fort Spring station. The different springs here offer a variety of treatments, but it is not so exclusively a resort for those who are invalids as for those who desire rest and recreation. The "Old Salt" is like a hospitable manor of the old regime, with its beautiful park, through which, under magnificent forest trees, a clear stream flows. On the wide porches of its spacious, comfortable and sub- stantial buildings the days are always cool. The hotel buildings and cottages are among the best in the south. Built of stone, they contain roomy and comfortable apartments, nicely furnished and easy of access. The wide and lofty ballroom, with its splen- did floor, is a superb place for dancing. A neat little stage, with several sets of scenery and a large assortment of costumes, is always ready for amateur theatricals. The table is equal to the best resorts, the food is well cooked and abundant, and many more pretentious places can not vie with the "Old Salt" in this respect. The little town of Alderson is one of the most beautifully located and attractive places on the road. It is on the main line, twenty-two miles from Hinton. The Greenbrier River here exhibits some of its most charming Red Sulphur Springs Salt Sulphur Springs Alderson Salt Sulphur Springs moods and offers fine sport to the fisherman. Good accommodations may- be had at the hotel. A wagon trip over the mountains to the Cherry and other swift streams, from fifteen to thirty miles distant, gives one as fine trout fishing as could be desired. In and about the village are many excellent boarding houses, where loo or 200 guests can be accommodated. Covington, Va., on the Jackson River, is the junction point of the Hot Covington Springs Railway. The Interment is one of the finest and best ecjuipped hotels in the south. The Hot Springs branch of the Chesapeake & Ohio joins the main line at Covington, and tourists find it a pleasant stopping place for the night, enabling them to enjoy by daylight the magnificent scenery of this picturesque route. Basic City is located at the intersection of the Chesapeake & Ohio and Basic city Norfolk (X: Western railways. Here connections are made for Luray Caverns. Mountain Top is one and a half miles from Afton, 2,000 feet above the Mountain Top sea. It has many historic associations, being on one of the first great high- ways to the far west. It was over this route that the march of emigration to Kentucky and the great west took place. The first building erected here was a massive stone house, which now forms a part of the hotel. Its founda- tion dates back about one hundred and twenty years, and it has been made memorable by an event not to be forgotten. In the room now used as the parlor, in the year 18 18, met three presidents of the United States — Mr. Jefferson, Mr. Madison and Mr. Monroe, together with a number of other distinguished Virginians, commissioners appointed by the governor to select a site for the University of Virginia. A ride of about two hours from Richmond brings the tourist to one of the most delightful and interesting resorts on the coast, Old Point Comfort. It is doubtful if there is any other resort in America about which so many romances or tender memories cling. For years there has been gathered under the hospitable roof of the Hygeia a gay concourse of the representa- tives of the world of politics, literature and fashion. Here have come the happy brides and grooms of two generations. Here have gathered for rest and relaxation the gray-haired statesmen, worried with problems of state. Old Point Comfort Social Hall ,-a&iKrT:iT .iT^fe- The Hygeia Old Point Drawing Room Here, too, have come the prosperous business men and financiers, with their wives and daughters, all blending in one happy throng — a throng which, with common accord, seems to have forgotten care, and has given itself over to a full enjoyment of the spirit of dolce farniente, so character- The istic of two spots — Riviera of fair Italy, and of Old Point Comfort — so much alike in all that goes to make a climate perfect. The hotel, built so close to the water's edge that it seems almost to be marking the limit of high tide, is surrounded by broad porches of almost interminable length, which, by day or night, provide ample opportunity for out-of-door promenades or for rest; while the spacious ballroom, in which so many devotees have danced the hours away, has been crowded out over the very sea itself, which sends greetings in its invigorating breezes through the hundred windows. The popularity of the Hygeia does not, however, rest alone upon its superb location. For years it has been known as a model hostelry, sub- stantially built, luxuriously furnished, with many of the rooms c/i suite, and fitted with all modern improvements. The magnificent Hotel Chamberlin is a notable structure architecturally TUo and artistically, and beyond question the most complete, beautiful and thoroughly equipped coast hotel in America. It is among the newest of the world's great resort hotels, and was completed at a cost exceeding a million and a half dollars. The great length of the hotel along the water front gives it an imposing appearance when approached from the sea, and this impression is not less- ened when one enters its portals and wanders through its palatial public rooms, or strolls along its broad, almost unending corridors. It was great in conception and is great in its completed .form. In matter of actual measurement the Chamberlin has a frontage of 754 feet, being longer than the Capitol at Washington. Among the resort hotels of the nation it is a type as majestic and striking as the Capitol is among buildings of its class. The new and beautiful pavilion erected at the end of the pier opposite the palm garden is one of the most pleasing features of the hotel. Its smoothly polished floor affords a large dancing space, and being built Hygeia Cliambei'lin •5^ 4:- Historic Points entirely over the water there are always refreshing breezes. The grand drawing room in the center of the hotel opens into a glass-enclosed sun- parlor, suitably arranged for restful lounging or promenading. The cuisine of the Chamberlin is up to the standard which made its projector, the man whose name it bears — John Chamberlin, of Washington — famous. The Sherwood Hotel, newly erected, affords accommodations for 200 guests. Just a few hundred yards up the quaint and romantic thoroughfare of Old Point the tourist enters Fortress Monroe. The moat, so suggestive of days of chivalry, is crossed by an ancient drawbridge, as in days of yore. Once through the tunnel under the casement the visitor finds himself upon the beautiful parade ground, with its skirting of huge live oak trees, which shed a welcome shade and under which there gathers every evening a gay assemblage to view the maneuvers of the troops on their daily dress parade. There is about the old fortress a never-ending charm. One may idle hours away upon the soft green turf of the ramparts, watching the white-winged messengers of commerce pass to and fro upon the deep blue waters of the bay, which stretch out before the eye in beautiful jianornma. The very breezes of the sea are tempered so as not to break the charm. There is about the spot an indescribable yet potent fascination which makes one loath to leave. The bathing at Old Point is particularly fine, as there is a complete absence of the strong and treacherous undertow so noticeable on the more northern beaches. The surroundings of Old Point Comfort are particularly interesting. Environments Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth and Hampton lie near by. Within view are Capes Henry and Charles, points made historic by the refuge from the stormy waters of the Atlantic which they offered to the colonists w-ho landed at this point with John Smith. Within gunshot of the shore, just out in Hampton Roads, the dauntless Monitor won her victory in the con- flict with the Merrimac. The Princess Anne, a handsome modern hotel, is situated at \'irginia Virginia Ucach Beach, fifteen miles distant from Norfolk. It fronts directly on the 1)nui(l expanse of the Atlantic. Surf bathing is a feature at \'irginia Beach. Virginia Hot Springs Homestead These celebrated springs are delightfully located in the Hot Si)rings. X"'f'"''* Valley of \'irginia at an elevation of 2,500 feet, and are reached from Springs Covington, Va., by a branch of the Chesapeake & Ohio, twenty-five miles in length. Environed by mountains rising 4,000 feet above the sea they offer a charming retreat for pleasure seekers, together with the natural con- ditions so necessary for the comfort of invalids. Each season has its advantages and its own special natural attractions. The altitude insures an exhilarating mountain climate, cool and comfort- able during the summer and nowhere ecjualed as an autumn resort. For three generations the virtues of these springs have been tried by Beneficence people from all parts of the United States and foreign countries. Physi- springs cians of wide reputation and the highest standing in their profession have repeatedly pronounced them etjual to the most effective waters of the cel- ebrated European resorts. The Homestead, the most complete structure of its character in the jii country, especially adapted to the wants of sojourners at Hot Springs, rests castle-like upon the summit of a hill commanding a view of the park in which are located the springs which make this valley famous. It consists primarily of two complete buildings, one of which, erected four years ago, is built about a spacious turf court, affording sunlight and perfect ven- tilation to what would otherwise be inside rooms. The other, but just completed, is a four-story building, every room in which also commands a picturesque view. A covered viaduct spans the intervening space between the combined buildings and the bath house. The Hotel Virginia is close to the railway station, and is connected with it by a covered passageway. For those preferring more privacy than hotels afford a dozen attractive cottages are located within the grounds. Here are maintained careful details of arrangement looking to the comfort of guests. The bath house is a splendid four-story structure, costing over Si 50,000. A great variety of baths are given, and tlie bather can have any tempera- ture he desires, from a cold plunge to 106 degrees Fahrenheit. The waters are especially efficacious in cases of rheumatism, rheumatic '■* •■ ' Main Hotel, Warm Springs ■ ^^^ ^r ^'rV ' .sW'" -^ Ladies' Pool. W Warm Springs from Flag Rock gout, nervous diseases, sciatica, neurasthenia, nervous prostration, dyspep- sia of various forms, early stages of locomotor ataxia, old joint injuries, diseases of the liver and kidneys, also disorders peculiar to women. No offensive forms of disease treated. A handsome casino adds greatly to the indoor gayeties which form so large a part of the social life at the springs. The fine links of the \'irginia Hot Springs Golf Club adjoin the hotel grounds. The grounds are beau- tiful, and tennis courts, billiards and pool afford ladies and gentlemen delightful recreation. The cDmpany has a full supply of well-trained saddle horses, and provides a livery thoroughly equipped in every respect. The Warm Sulphur Springs are situated five miles north of Hot warm „ . . , 111 , -11 Siil|)luir bprmgs station, and are reached by stage over a smooth mountam boule- spiings vard in forty minutes. The hotel and cottages are situated in the midst of a grand old grove, and have long been in high favor with pleasure seekers as well as those in quest of health, which is renewed by the warm sulphur baths. These springs have been visited by the old southern families for generations, even in the days when the only means of crossing the moun- tains was by stage or on horseback. George Washington traveled from the banks of the Potomac, accompanied by a retinue of servants, and camped for six weeks by the spring, the virtues of which had been extolled by tradition of the Indians. Thomas Jefferson visited the place in 1818, and the old hotel register is now preserved in a glass case, showing the signatures of noted persons who lived in the early part of the century. More than a thousand gallons of warm sulphur water, with a tempera- ture of q6 degrees, are discharged into the pools each minute. These pools afford the most delightful and luxurious baths in the world. The gentle- men's pool is octagonal in shape, forty feet across, and holds 43,000 gallons, while the ladies' pool is circular, fifty feet in diameter, and holds 60,000 gallons. The water is so clear that it is almost impossible to tell where the surface meets the atmosphere, and the little bubbles, rising continually, remind one of a glass of champagne. The hotel is a commodious well-built house with broad verandas, and a general air of welcome, typical of the south, ])ervades the jilace. Hotel Alphin, Hot Springs, Va. Healing Springs, three miles from Virginia Hot Springs. Modern improvements and additi(.)ns have been made within the past two years, affording many conveniences not always found at summer resorts. The cottages are charmingly situated and are preferred by many to the hotel because of their privacy. The cooking here is of the "real old \'irginia kind." Everything is of the best, and those who have tried it once need no urging for a second visit. Golf links have been constructed. The excellent roads afford ample facilities for riding and driving, while a climb to "Flag Rock," 4,000 feet elevation, opposite the hotel, is rewarded by a magnificent view in all directions over surrounding valleys and mountain ranges. The Healing Springs are situated three miles down the valley from Heaiiug Hot Springs station, and are reached in thirty minutes by commodious coaches. An air of peaceful calmness seems to envelop the valley, and this, together with the dry bracing atmosphere, contributes no small amount toward the rapid recovery of those suffering from nervous troubles. The hotel and cottages are delightfully located, are well furnished and thoroughly homelike. The cuisine is first class. Splendid roads extend in different directions, and riding, driving, walking and bicycling are favorite pastimes. The fine pleasure pool adds greatly to the enjoyment of a visit. The waters are used both for bathing and drinking purposes, and are almost identical to those of the famous Schlagenbad and Ems of Germany, with a temperature uniformly from 85 to 88 degrees. With the least possible shock to the nervous system they extract therefrom the super- abundant caloric. They are shipped to all parts of the United States. The Hotel Alphin, located about 200 yards from the station at Hot Hotel Aiphin Springs, Va., is a new hotel, completed this spring. It is a thoroughly P"ngs modern structure, with electric lights, elevator, steam heat, baths and all the conveniences of an up-to-date city hotel. The cuisine is first class, but the rates much lower than other hotels of the same class. Being within easy walking distance of the magnificent new bath house of the Virginia Hot Springs Co. this hotel enjoys advantages possessed by General View of Old Point Comfort. few of the other resorts. The baths are all given from flowing springs of naturally warm water, and are especially beneficial in cases of gout, rheu- matism, nervous and blood diseases. No offensive forms of diseases are treated. Saddle and driving horses can be had at the livery, and the good roads and bracing air afford ample inducements for exercise of this character. The scenery is grand and rugged; from the different points of vantage near by the view of successive mountain ranges stretching away as far as the eye can reach cannot fail to impress the tourist with its grandeur. ON A SUMMEI>1 DAY The great variety of scene everywhere presented along the line of the Attractions Chesapeake & Ohio is one of the many attractions offered to the tourist. From any of the resorts excursions may be made to adjacent points of interest, and an ocean voyage may be included if one wishes. P^rom White Sulphur a ride of a few hours, through ever-varying mountain scenery, along the pleasant banks of the Greenbrier and through the grand canons of the New I^iver, brings one to Kanawha Falls. Visitors at " The White" and "Old Sweet" go back and forth between the two places. Natural Bridge and Luray Caverns are close at hand and accessible by rail. The drives from one resort to another I disclose the richness of the Alleghany Mountain scen- ery. Short-limit excursions may be made to Wa s h i n g t o n , Old Point Com- fort and other places of inter- est. Old Dominion Steamer The Kanawha The Greenbrier It is a delightful variation of the season's gayeties to go by one of the Excursions splendid trains to Old Point, thence by steamer up the Potomac to Wash- ington, or up Chesapeake Bay to Baltimore, returning either l)y rail or water. These excursions are extremely popular. The steamers plying on the river and the bay are peculiarly well appointed and in charge of compe- tent officers, and no more comfortable or interesting journey can be made. For those who desire a fuller breath of salt air is the trip to New York Ocean from Norfolk on one of the Old Dominion Line steamers. An inland resi- dent will find this short voyage a most grateful experience. Tlie steamers sail from Norfolk daily except Sunday. The voyage is made in twenty-four hours — just long enough to tone up the system with the ozone of the ocean. One of the most enjoyable of summer trips is that from Norfolk to Provi- dence or Boston by steamer. In making any of these journeys it is well to stop for a day or two at Old Point, and visit the places of interest thereabouts. One may bathe, sail, ride, drive or walk, and golfing has become a very popular pastime with visitors to Old Point Comfort, consti- tuting a pleasing diversion from the social events which have ever been a prominent feature of life at this delightful resort. SOME CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO CITIES Charleston, tlie chief city and capital of West Virginia, situated on the Cbaricston north bank of the Kanawha River about 200 miles east of Cincinnati, is a splendid example of the vim and vigor of this progressive region. Beautiful residences line the river bank, and many fine public and private buildings adorn the city. Covington, Va., is located on the Jackson River, twelve miles west of Covington Clifton Forge, in one of the most picturesque valleys of the Alleghanies. The Hot Springs Valley branch of the Chesapeake & Ohio extends from this point to Hot Springs, twenty-five miles distant, and direct connection is made with througli east and west bound trains. The Intermont, a new and first-class hotel, beautifully situated and The inteimont supplied with hot and cold baths, electric lights, and all modern New River Canon, near Nutta improvements, affords a delightful retreat for the tourist who stops over at Covington. Clifton Forge is destined to be one of the industrial centers of the f;iift<»i " h orgi; south. It is 389 miles from Cincinnati, and is the terminus of the' Eastern, Western, and James River divisions of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway. The Gladys Inn at this point commands magnificent views of mountain oiariys luu scenery in every direction. The hotel, one of unusual excellence and modern in all its appliances, is conducted in a strictly first-class manner. Tourists destined for Natural Bridge will find this a convenient and agree- able place to break the journey, and fishermen who wish to angle for bass will find few better stopping places. The Peaks of Otter, seven miles south of Buchanan, Va., are itrobably Peaks of . . otter the second highest mountains in Virginia, from the summit of which the guide will point out landmarks in six different states, and assure the tourist that forty-eight counties in Virginia come within the range of vision. There is a hotel situated near the summit, from which the view is said to be -one of the most beautiful in the state. At Buchanan, where tourists leave the railroad, there is a good hotel, and teams can always be had at reasonable rates to convey passengers to " The Peaks." Lexington, Va., a charming old town, is at the terminus of the Lexing- Lexinston ton branch of the James River division. Here is the Virginia Military Institute, of which Robert E. Lee was so long the president; and Wash- ington and Lee University is also located here. The remains of General Lee and "Stonewall" Jackson lie here. In the neighboring streams and forests fine fishing and hunting may be had. Staunton is one of the important towns of \'irginia, not only on account of Staunton its extensive business relations, but even more liccause of the great influence it wields through its educational institutions. It has five seminaries for young women and a military academy for young men. It lies in the midst of a rolling plateau between the Blue Ridge and the Alleghany Mountains. Charlottesville is the seat of the L'niversity of Virginia. Monticello, Charlottesville the home of Jefferson, overlooks the town, and his remains repose in a tomb on the hillside. Monticello is perhaps the best preserved [ilace of historic Lobb) interest in Virginia. The house is of a quaint style of architecture, octagonal in shape, with tall, white, pillared portico and low roof. At the entrance is a huge comi)ass, unlike any other. Over the doorway is a great clock with a dial on both the outside and inside. The great Jefferson in marble stands in the hallway, the work on the statue having been supervised in Paris by Lafayette. The floor of the saloon is inlaid with satin wood and mahogany and the walls are elaborately frescoed. From an artistic standpoint Monti- cello is one of the most beautiful houses in Virginia. It is enough to say here that the Chesapeake & Ohio is the direct line from Cincinnati and Louisville to Washington, one of the termini of the road, and solid vestibuled trains run through to Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York. Washington is the most beautiful city in America; the Capitol, the Congressional Library, the public buildings, the various museums, the Corcoran Art Gallery, the parks and the beautiful avenues will agreeably occupy as many days of the tourist's time as he cares to devote to the nation's capital. The junction between the Washington line and the line to Richmond and Newport News and points on the peninsula is at Gordonsville. Rich- mond must always possess a fascination for the tourist. No other citv in the United States is so rich in colonial and national memories, and none has more carefully guarded its relics. In St. John's Church Patrick Henry cried out for liberty or death. In Capitol Square are the Washington and Stonewall Jackson monuments, of world-wide fame; and in the Capitol are statues of Washington, Clay and Lafayette, modeled from life; also many interesting relics of colonial and confederate days. Among other points of interest to the visitor may be mentioned Hollywood, Oakwood and National cemeteries, where repose many illustrious dead and nearly seventy thousand soldiers who fell in the siege of Richmond; Washington's old headquarters; Richmond College; Gamble's Hill, overlooking Belle Isle and the Tredegar Iron Works; the war-time residence of Jefferson Davis; the site of Libby Prison and Libby Hill Park, overlooking the James. The monuments to the southern heroes are interesting. The Lee monument is one of the most imposing in America. The statue of the great southern leader is Bruton Parish Church, Williamsburg, Va. Tlie .Ii'ffersou unquestionably the finest equestrian statue in the- country. There are also statues of Stonewall Jackson, Wickhani, and J. K. B. Stuart, and the Soldiers' and Sailors' monument stands on Libby Hill. Richmond has an active, energetic population, is s^rowing rapidly, and while a typical southern city is fully abreast of the times. The Jefferson, a magnificent structure, is one of the great hostel ries of the south, and a powerful inducement to the great army of tourists to turn their steps in the direction of Richmond. It of¥ers all the attractions to be found in the northern hotels during summer and in the southern hotels during winter, and tourists will find it agreeable to stop and enjoy the equable climate of the location when traveling either way, and avoid extreme changes of temperature. The Jefferson is strikingly original in design, with not a single defect to mar the harmony of what is indeed a pretty picture. Withal, it is an unusually large hotel, extending from the fashionable residence avenue to the city, Franklin Street, to the principal business thoroughfare. The Jefferson Golf course, constructed four years ago, and improved each season, is in excellent condition. It is situated at the Lake Side Country Club, three miles from the city, and reached by street car. The clubhouse is pleasantly situated, and its wide verandas are particularly inviting after the play. Between Richmond and Newport News are many places of interest, Williamsburg but none more full of historic associations than Williamsburg. Toward the close of the seventeenth century Governor Nicholson removed the seat of government from Jamestown, the scene of so many struggles, to Middle- Plantation, or Williamsburg. The old church still stands to which the good king and queen, William and Mary, presented its first communion service, and it is still in use. Hampton, Va., with its quaint old church, is suggestive of colonial Hampton times. Here, 300 years ago, landed Captain John Smith and his hardy crew, and here is now located the Normal School for the education of the colored and Indian youth, and also the National Soldiers' Home, "which shelters nearly 3,000 veterans. Newport News Newport News is the seaport city of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway, situated at the head of Hampton Roads, the most accessible and the safest harbor of the Atlantic Coast, into which vessels of the largest tonnage may enter without the aid of pilots, and land directly at the Chesapeake & Ohio piers. Here is located one of the largest grain elevators in the United States, as well as the largest shipyard, with a dry dock 625 feet long, capable of receiving the largest vessel that floats. Newport News is an important factor in the influence the Chesapeake & Ohio exerts over the commerce of the west and northwest, as it provides that section with the nearest seaport for the exporting of grain, tobacco, flour and other products. The city has a population of 18,000; it is provided with an excellent system of waterworks, schools, churches, banking facilities and other institutions of large and growing cities. Norfolk, Va., twelve miles from Newport News, across Hampton Roads, and the eastern terminus of the Chesapeake & Ohio, is, after Richmond, the most populous city of Virginia, and has many points of historic interest. In addition to fine railway facilities steamship lines connect the city with New York, Boston, Providence, Baltimore, Washington, etc. At Portsmouth, across the Elizabeth River, is the Gosport Navy Yard and the United States Naval Hospital. DIRECTORY OF MANAGERS OF RESORTS For the convenience of those desiring information regarding rates of board and accommodations at any of the resorts mentioned we pubHsh below a directory of managers of resorts, together with post-office address: AftonHou^e, . . . J. R. Goodloe Afton, Va. Buck Roe Beach, . . Chas. S. Hewins Hampton Va. Cold Sulphur Springs, . J.S.Craig • Goshen. Va. Gladys Inn. . • ■ J.H.Callahan Clifton Forge. Va. GlcnSprings. . . • I. N. Walker. . . • • •. ' , ^^"''"P'"' ^Z" Healin'^ Springs, . . SriMSOX & Lowman, Heahng Spnnss, Bath County. \ a. TT '. 1 i"^' • 1 ' (^-e ■ P \u\Ms ■ ■ Newport News, Va. Hotel Warwiclc. . . UE ■. i . auams, ... ^ ,, x, TT ■ u * 1 FN PiKF .... Fort Monroe. \ a. Hygeia Hotel, • • I'.rM.iiKh, . ,.•1,, TT I w Warrfn . • ■ MUlboro, Va. Millboro House. . • J. W. warren if* v Mountain Top Hotel. . Massie eS: Co • , ^^"°"' , " Natural Bridge Hotel. . W. H. McCluer Natural Bndge, la. NimrodHall, . • Mrs. E. A. Watson Nmirod Hall, Va. Ocean View Hotel, . . Kennedy & Woodly, . • • ■ Ocean Vievv. Va. Princess Anne. . • F. P. Morton ^\,\^, 'T'" w' v""' Red Sulphur Springs. . A.E.White. . . • Red St.lphnr Springs. W. \ a. Rockbndge Alum Springs. J. A. Fraz.er, . . • Rockbridge Alum Springs, Va. Salt Sulphur Springs, . J. W. M. Appleton, . . Salt Sulphur Springs. U . \ a. SheI■^vood Hotel, . • Geo. Booker Fort Monroe, \a. Stribbling Springs, . . Chichester & Stewart. . Stribbhng Springs. \ a. Sweet Chalybeate Springs. B. F. Eakle, . . . Sweet Chalybeate Springs. V a. Sweet Springs . • ■ J. Watkins Lee Sweet Springs, W. Va. The Alleghan;. . . J. B. Wood G.shen. Rockbridge Co., Va. ,^, , ^ . Tvn X Frskine Covington, Va. The Intermont, . . ■ JNO. .A. iiRbkiNt. ... r.^ . ,1 v-. TheChamberlin, . . Alan C.mpbell Port Monroe. Va. Variety Springs. . • H. G. Eichelberger \ ariety Spnngs. Va . T T . c- • rroTTTi (^-rcKTjv Hot Spnngs. \ a. Virgnia Hot Springs, . tRED. bTERR^ , c • v, WarmSDdnes . ■ Eubank & Glover Warm Springs. Va. WhUe Sulphur' Springs, Harrington Mills. . White Sulphur Springs. W. Va. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 442 834 1 CHESAPEAKE & OHIO RAILWAY H. W. FULLER General Passenger Agent Washington, D. C.