Glass _Dt3.SA^ Book -L yz^'i SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT V d L Masori's Farrier and Stud-Book — New Edition. THE GENTLEMAN'S NEW POCKET FARRIER: COMPRISING A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE NOBLE AND USEFUL ANIMAL, THE HORSE; WITH MODES OP MANAGEMENT IN ALL CASES, AND TREATMENT IN DISEASE. BY RICHARD^~1FaS0N, M. D. FORMERLY OF SURRY COUNTY, VIRGINIA. TO WHICH IS ADDED, A PRIZE ESSAY ON MULES; AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING RECIPES FOR DISEASES OF HORSES, OXEN, COWS, CALVES, SHEEP, DOGS, SWINE, ETC. ETC. WITH ANNALS OF THE TURF, AMERICAN STUD-BOOK, RULES FOR / TRAINING, RACING, ETC. WITH A SUPPLEMENT: COMPRISING AN ESSAY ON DOMSTIC ANIMALS, ESPECIALLY THE HORSE; WITH REMARKS ON TREATMENT AND BREEDING ; TOGETHER WITH TROTTING- AND RACING TABLES, SHOWING THE BEST TIME ON RECORD, AT ONE, TWO, THREE, AND FOUR MILE HEATS ; PEDIGREES OF WINNING HORSES, SINCE 1839; AND OF THE MOST CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND MARES; WITH USEFUL CALVING AND LAMBING TABLES, &c. &c. BY J. S. SKINNER, Editor now of the Farmers' Library, New York ; Founder of the American Farmer, in 1819 ; and of the Turf Register and Sporting Magazine, in 1829: being the first Agricul- tural and the first Sporting Periodicals established in the United States. ^^0/\ PHILADELPHIA: ^ \ ^O GRIGG, ELLIOT & CO. •?. \ V^ NO. U NORTH FOURTH STREET. \^f \ T \ 1848. Entered according to the act of Congress, in the year 1848, by JOHN GRIGG, in the clerk's office of the district court of the United States, in and for the eastern district of Pennsylvania. Primed by T K. & P. G. Collin*. PREFACE. Few subjects can more justly claim the attention of the public, than that noble and useful animal, the horse ; and there are few indeed of any moment, that have met with more neglect from society. Not more than one or two authors in the United States have turned their attention to this interesting subject. This neglect, in which everyindividual is so deeply interested, must have proceeded from the low standing in society to which the horse has been sunk by men destitute oi veracity, too often having the opportunity of dealing in those invaluable animals, committing frauds, making false statements of age,gaits, condition, &c. to the injury of those who are unfortunate enough to confide in their assertions, or to deal with them. In this little work, whose size is calculated for the pocket, I shall endeavour to guard the unsuspecting against the arts of the jockey, and to point out so plainly the difference between an elegant and a common horse a good and bad horse, a sound and an unsound horse, that any person may become a tolerable judge, by reading this little book with attention, however unfa- miliar the subject may have been heretofore. It is my object to be useful rather than offend, or appear learned. I shall avoid all hard names, technical terms. &c. ; and will offer to the public the information 1 1* 4 PREFACE. possess, with candour and simplicity. In a work of this nature, the claim to entire originality must be relinquished; so far from attempting it, I confess 1 have, in a few instances, made quotations from other authors, when I have found from experience they con- tained matter, useful, clear, plain, and familiar for my purpose. I hope this acknowledgment will be received in place of marks of quotation. Amongst the great number of animals under the (iontrol of man, the excellent horse, unquestionably, is the most serviceable. How often do we see him the sole dependence of the poor farmer and his family, with whom he divides the morsel, shares in the toils, and by slowly turning up the soil, not only keeps them free from want, but fills the barn with plenty ! Trace nim from the lowest to the highest situation, you will find him faithful, affectionate, and no less useful. Jn every species of farming, the horse bears the principal burden, and is the means of increasing wealth and happiness. In the transportation of foreign growth and manufactures to the interior of our country, and the exportation of the produce of the United States, the faithful horse affords a speedy conveyance to and from the water's edge. For the quick communications by posts and stages, even with the most remote parts of the union, we are indebted to the horse. Even our happy republican government has been established, protected, defended, and administered, by the means and aid of these noble animals. Men of every pro- fession, must all acknowledge the benefit derived from him; indeed he has been the very spring of punctuality and attention to business of almost every description. The horse, in his nature, is mild, patient, forgiving, and affectionate. After being hard used, half starved, and unmercifully beaten, who recol- PREFACE. lects ever to fiave seen him appear to feel the injury, pout over his scanty allowance, or discover hatred towards his cruel master? View his gentleness ana kindness to a sot, who has indulged too long over his glass, often bending, turning and yielding to his giddy head ; and finally, when he is prostrated in the dust, now often does the sagacious animal, when compelled to tread on him, bear lightly and tenderly ; and when loose, appear unwilling to leave the helpless drunkard ; how often on his back are we conveyed in safety at night amidst difficulties, dangers, and unfamiliar roads ? And where is the traveller that does not re- collect that when returning on his journey, and in search of his home, when a road before unnoticed, had bewildered and stopped his progress, how readily and how faithfully has the horse thrown his ears to- wards the right road, and with quickening steps dis- covered his eagerness to reach his home ? See him in the race, resolute, eager, and delighted, swelling every vein, and exerting every muscle and fibre to win the prize. Behold him in the field of battle, furious, in- trepid, and full of fire, forgetful of danger, rushing on the point of the bayonet, delighting in the glittering of arms, and panting for victory. View him in the civil and more happy circles of domestic life, in the service of the rich, the liberal, and the happy, proudly and smoothly rolling behind him the rattling chariot wheels, with an aspect lively, gay, and cheerful. li to an animal like this, I can be the cause of adding to his comfort, improving his condition, making him fat, relieving his pain, removing disease, and sometimes save life, I shall feel as if I had rendered a service to the community at large, and performed a part of the task assigped me. b PREFACE. When the reader reflects that a large volume has been written on the anatomy of the horse's foot alone, he will easily conceive my confined, embarrassed, and cramped situation; having to treat of so many differ- ent parts and subjects, within the scope of two hun- dred pages. In doing of this, it will be impossible for me to give more than the skeleton or bare outline of the interesting theme, which I hope, at some future day, will be filled up and completed by some more fortunate genius. THE AUTHOR. TABLE OF CONTENTS, MASON S FARRIER. Appendix to Mason, Page 195 Addenda to Mason, 289 Age, 72 by feeling, 76 Breeding and raising, 29 do. do. by Broadnax 34 Blooded horse, to choose 37 Blaze or star 79 Body 81 Broken wind 98 Bots or grubs 118 Bruises 132 Big head 140 Blisters 153 Bleeding 157 Carriage horses 19 Castrating colts 60 Crib biting 97 Chest founder 100 Colds 150 Colic or Gripes 113 Clyster or glyster 154 Docking 59 Diseases, infectious to prev. 126 DiarrhcEa or purging 151 Diabetes 152 Driving 158 Excessive fatigue 65 Eyes, good and bad 86 moon 92 Foxing 58 Fattening 63 Founder, chest _ 100 Founder 110 Farcy 105 Fistula 145 Fomentations 155 Galls, wind 104 Gravel in the bladder 124 in the hoofs 128 Glyster or clyster 154 Head 80 Heels, narrow 101 Hoofs 85 gravel in 128 Hidebound 137 Hooks or Haws 121 Hinny and Mule 159 Infectious diseases to prev't. 126 Journey, treatment on Page Keeping Legs Lanipass Lock Jaw Lost appetite Marks Mane and tail Moon Eyes Mange Mash Mules Narrow heels Neck and shoulders Nicking Ostler Pricking Poll evil Purging or Diarrhoea Race horse rider Horses, English mod© of management. &c. Ring bone Saddle horse Stables Star or Blaze Shoeing Starting Stumbling Spavin String halt Splint Scratches Strangles Stone or gravel in bladder Strains Surfeit Sore tongue Saddle galls Sitfasts Spot a white horse Treatment on a journey Wind broken Wind galls Wounds Wall's receipt Yellow water G8 23 82 103 148 149 78 85 92 137 156 159 101 82 48 45 58 146 151 22 28 39 110 13 46 79 83 93 95 96 99 102 117 123 124 133 134 138 140 150 151 157 68 98 104 129 158 125 CONTENTS OF APPENDIX. SIT The following are Numbered instead of being Paged. Alterative medicine for live stock No. 129 Astringent medicines for live stock 131 Balls and drinks, mode ot giving to horses 111 Balls, cordial cough, &c. used in Veterinary practice 147 Belly, diseases of 39 Bladder, inflammation of 62 in cattle 193 Bloody urine in horses 63 Blistering 118 Sweating of Liquid 120 Bleeding 126 Blisters used in Veterinary Pharmacopoeia 138 Blood or bog spavin 89 Bloody ray (see dysentery) 196 Blown or hove in cattle 187 Blast or hove in sheep 220 Blood rot in do. 222 Bowels, inflammation of 45 Bone spavin and splints 87 Braxy or dysentery in cattle 196 ■ in sheep 224 Broken wind 37 Bridle sores 26 Broken knees 85 Catarrhal fever in horses 13 Capulet of the hock in do. 81 Canker or quittor in do. 106 Castration, nicking, docking and cropping 125 Castrating lambs, &c. 241 swine 243 Catarrh or influenza in cattle 177 Cattle surgery 201 obstetrics 204 vermin on 209 Calves, diseases of 207 Calving 205 Chronic cough 36 and 218 Clysters used in Veterinary Medicine 143 Claveau, or sheep pox 214 Clystcring 122 Condition of horses 2 Cough, chronic 36 in sheep 218 Colic, red or enteritis No. 45 , fret or gullion 53 , in horn cattle 189 and 194 Corns in the feet of horses 101 Cracks 95 Cud, loss of 198 Cutting in feet of horses 108 Curb of the hock in horses 92 Cutting and spaying pigs 243 Daisy or turning in cattle 199 Diseases of horses, see horse Diseases in feet of horses 96 Founder 98 Contraction 99 Pumiced foot 100 Corns 101 Burning thrush 103 Sand Cracks 104 Pricks 105 Quittor and canker 106 Treads Cutting Diarrhoea or looseness in cattle Diseases of sheep swine 107 108 52 195 210 242 Diuretic used in Veterinary Medicine 151 Diseases of horn'd cattle 173, 183 Diabetes, profuse staling or pissing evil 64 Drinks and balls, mode of giving in Vet. Surgery 111 Drinks in Vet. medicine 149 Dysenteric inflammation 49 Dysentery or braxy in cattle 196 224 Dogs, diseases of 244 Asthma 245 Sore eyes 248 Ch-ncer 249 Colic 250 Cough 251 Distemper 252 Fits 254 Inflamed bowels 255 Inflamed lungs 256 Madness 257 Worming whelps 262 Mange 263— Worms 264 CONTENTS OF APPENDIX. Embrocations used in Ve- terinary practice No. 154 Epidemic fever or pest 15 Epilepsy 17 Eyes, horses, diseases of 18 Farcy, 74 Feet, founder of 96 Fetlock, strains of the 83 Fever in horned cattle 174 & 183 Fever medicine, used in ve- terinary practice 157 Fistulous withers 28 Firing 121 Fret, colic gripes or gullion 54 Flux, slimy, see dysentery Frontal worms in sheep 236 Fomentations in veterinary surgery 113 Founder of the feet 96 Foot stoppings for horses 166 Foul in the foot in cattle 202 Foot rot in sheep 232 Fumigations used in veteri- nary practice 157 Gall in sheep 224 Gid in do. 233 Goggles in do. 233 Glanders 71 Glanderous rot in sheep 217 Grease 93 Gravel and stone in horses 65 Gripes, colic, fret or gullion 53 Gutta serena 20 Gullion, colic, gripes or fret 53 Horses, diseases of 1 In and out of con- dition, and when diseased. 2, 3, 4 Inflammatory diseases 5 Diseases of the head 17 Neck 28 Chest 31 Skin 66 Glanders and farcy 71 Diseases of the ex- tremities 76 Diseases of the Feet 96 Hepatitis or yellows 58 Hide bound 70 Hoof Liquid for veterinary jiractice 162 Hove or blown in cattle 187 Horn distemper or horn ail 208 Hove blast or wind colic in sheep No. 220 Hogs, see swine Hydatids or staggers in sheep 223 Inflammatory fever in horse diseases 5 General 6 Local 7 Inflammation of the brain or phrenitis 8 Inflammatory fever in horse diseases, general 33 local 7 Influenza or catarrh fever in horses 13 Inflammation of the lungs in horses 31 in cattle 184 Inflammation, of the bowels 45 of the liver 58 in sheep 222 Incontinence of urine 63 Influenza or catarrh 177 Inflanimation of the stomach in cattle 185, 189 Inflammation of the kidneys or red water 191 Inflammation of the bladder 193 Jaundice in sheep 223 Knees broken, in horses 85 Lampass or mouth disease 25 Lambs, castration of 241 diseases of 238 Liver, chronic inflammation of 58 , diseases of in horses 58 Lockjaw, in horses 11 Looseness or diarrhcea 52 Lungs, inflammation of 31 Malignant fever in horses 15 Madness, canine 257 Mange 66 in Dogs 263 Mallenders and sallenders 84 Malignant epidemic or mur- rain in sheep 216 Megrims 17 Morfounder or CLtarrhal fe- ver in horses 13 Moon blindness or opthalmia 19 Mineral poison 40 Murrain or pest 15 • in cattle 179 Murrain in sheep 216 10 CONTENTS OF APPENDIX. Neck, diseases of No. 28, 30 Opthalmia or blindness 19 Ointments used for horses, cattle', sheep, &,c. by Vete- rinary practitioners 169 Obstetrics in cattle 204 Overreach or tread in the feet 107 Pest or murrain 15 Peripneumonia or inflamed lungs in sheep 217 Pendro, a disease in sheep 233 Pinning do. in do. 226 Pharmacopceia in horses and cattle Poll Evil Poison, mineral , vegetable -, in siieep 128 21 40 42 239 115 Poultices in Voter, surgery Pneumonia or inflammation of the lungs 34 Physicking 123 Process 124 Pricks in the feet 105 Pumiced foot 100 Purging medicine in Veteri- nary practice 163 Puckeridge or wornals in cattle 203 Pigs, see swine Quittor and canker in the feet of horses 106 Salivation 41 Sand cracks 104 Sallenders and mallenders 84 Setons 116 Scalding mixture for poll evil 165 Scouring or diarrhoea in horn- ed cattle 195 Scour in sheep 224 Scab or shab in sheep 231 Sheep, diseases of 210 Sore throat 28 Staggers in horses 9 and 43 in cattle 199 Staggers in sheep 233 Sturdy 17 in sheep 233 Strang'les, vives or ives 22 Stranguary or suppression of urine 63 Stone or gravel in horses No. 66 Stomach staggers , inflammation of 43 in sheep 219 Strain in the shoulder 76 , in the whirl bone 78 , in tlie stifle 80 , in the back sinews 81 , of the leg 82 , of the fetlock and cof- fin joints 83 Shoulder strains in horses 76 Splints and bone spavins 8C Spavin, blood and bog 89 Skin, diseases of in horses 65 Surfeit 67 Surgery in cattle 199 Swelled neck 30 Swine, diseases of 242 , cutting and spaying 243 Tag-belt in sheep 22fc" Tetanus or locked jaw in horses in cattle Teeth Throat, diseases of Thick wind or pneumonia Thoroughpin or blood spavin Treads or overreach in the feet Ticks in sheep, to destroy Turnsick, in horses , in sheep 11 200 27 29 34 89 107 240 17 233 Urinary organs of horses, diseases of 60 Urine, suppression of 63 bloody or stranguary 63 incontinence of 63 Veterinary operations on horses 109 Veterinary Pharmacopceia 127 Vives or ives 24 Vermin on cattle 209 Warbles 68 Warts 69 Wash medicines used by ve- terinary practitioners 167 Wind broken or pneumonia 37 Whirl bone strains 78 Worms in horses 57 in sheep 236 and 237 Wounds, treatment of 110 Wornals or puckeridge 20? CONTENTS OP APPENDIX. 11 Worm under the horn, a dis- ease in sheep, No, 233 Watery head in sheep 233 Wind colic in do. 221 Yellows or liver complaint No. 5? , hot, in cattle 190 and 19r , in sheep 22i THE POCKET FARRIER. SADDLE HORSE. When a horse is purchased for the saddle alone, ii is to be presumed he must be clear of all defects, strike the fancy, entirely please the eye, and, from his happy symmetry and due proportion of form, stana the second beauty in the world. When this is the case, he is seldom disposed of at too high a price. — Amongst the great number of people in the United States, I am induced to believe, there are but few good judges of a horse calculated for the saddle. In- deed, they are better informed upon almost any othei subject that can be mentioned. Yet the Virginians have a large number of fine horses, and are accused of devoting too much attention to that beautiful ani- mal. Among all the difficulties attending the affairs of common .ife, there is not, perhaps, a greater than that of choosing a beautiful, an elegant, or good horse. Nor will this appear strange, when we consider the number of circumstances that are to be taken into consideration, with regard to shape, size, movements, limbs, marks, eyes, colour, age, &c. &c. — which are so various that it would fill a volume to describe; and indeed the best judges are often obliged to content themselves with guessing at some things, unless they have sufficient lime to make a thorough trial. If J were asked, what were the two most beautiful objects 14 SADDLE HORSE. in nature, I would answer, ihat woman, lovdy woman, before whose charms the soul of man bows with re- verence and submission, stands unparalleled ; next to this matchless paragon, a beautiful horse displays nature in her highest polish and greatest perfection ; his gay and cheerful appearance, proudly prancing and bounding, his elegance of shape, smoothness of limbs, polish of skin, due proportion of form, and gracefulness of action, united to a mild, soft, faithful, and patient disposition, raise him far above the rest o( the brute creation. I shall now proceed to lay down some rules, and to give some hints, for the examina- tion of a horse previous to a purchase being made, to prevent the liberty of exaggeration, which is too fre- quently taken by dealers in those animals, and which too often terminates to the serious injury of the pur- chaser. It is to be much lamented, that men who entertain a proper idea of honour in all the common affairs of life, so soon as they become the owner of a horse, feel at liberty, without being sensible of doing violence to their morals, to knock off two or three years from his real age, and express themselves, with apparent delight, of services, gaits, and qualities, to which he never had any sort of claim or pretention ; carefully keeping a secret every vice and defect to which he is subject. I do not pretend to say this is the case with all who exchange or sell a horse, but that it has often occurred no person will deny. If a fraud can be prac- tised at all, it is sufficient reason for the inexperienced and unsuspecting to be placed on their guard. When a horse is offered for sale, I would advise the pur- chaser to ask one question, viz : Is he in all respects perfectly sound? vShould a cheat be practised on you, under such circumstances, an action would lie against SADDLE HORSE. 15 the seller, and damages could be recoverable ; but be your own judge, not permitting any declaration that may be made by the seller, to alter your opinion ot ibi-m, age, condition, movements, action, &c. As the eyes of a horse are the most important organ, first iet him undergo a strict examination; ascertain his age, examine his figure and action; guarding yourself against being too much pleased or fascinated with the appearance of a new object; view his feet and legs; large ridges on the hoofs, or very flat feet, discover a horse to be subject to founder : large gouty legs, with enlarged tendons indicate strains and other injuries, examine his hindjegs, with great attention, just below the hock and inside the hind knee; if there is any unnatural prominence or knot, unlike the other knee, it wears the appearance of a spavin, which renders a horse of but little value. Splint, which appears on the inside of the fore legs, and wind-galls, upon the ancles, are unpleasant to the eye, but seldom produce serious lameness ; they furnish plain proof that a horse has been serviceable, and are very seldom productive of any other injury than stiftness, as he advances in years. Ride yourself, for the purpose of trying his gaits and qualities; as a rider accustomed to a horse, by private signs, such as manner of riding, bearing on the bit, leaning forward or backward, holding the heels close to his sides, &c. &c. &c., can make a dull horse appear gay and spirited, a wild horse gentle, a stumbler clear footed, one that is blind appear to see, and a starting horse free from that great objection, &c. &c Before mounting him, examine his knees, to discover if they are skinned, the hair off", or scarred; those are strong symptoms of his politeness to a fault. Ride with your bridle loose over any uneven ground : if he is in the habit of stumbling, he will very readily inform youi 2* SADDLE HORSE. then approach some object offensive to the sight; if he appears much alarmed, stopping suddenly, and attempting to turn round, paying but little respect to the bearing af the bridle, you may judge he has been long in the habit of that bad practice. Ride him in all his different gaits, to ascertain if they are smooth, easy, and agreeable ; move him about a mile, out and back, in fully half speed; frequently stopping him suddenly to try his wind, also if he is spavined; if his wind has been injured, he will blow unnaturally; making a loud wheezing noise, with great difficulty of breathing. While warm, ride him in cold water above the belly ; after which let him cool fifteen or twenty minutes, and if he is spavined, and has received temporary relief, by applications of any kind, the disease will make its appearance so plain, that you will discover evident marks of lameness. The spavin IS often relieved for a time ; and in a few instances has been permanently cured, by blistering, bathing with double distilled spirits, &c. The brisk exercise, &c. is intended to bring on a return of its effects, in case the animal should have had temporary relief from that distressing disease. Having given such hints as I am persuaded will lead to the discovery of any material defects in a horse about to be purchased, I shall now proceed to the description of a horse that I consider elegant and fit for the saddle. In order that he may have just claim to beauty and elegance, his head must be small, thin, bony, and tapering; his countenance lively and cheerful; his ears quick of action, high, erect, narrow, thin, and pomting together; his eyes kirge, round, full, and black, sparkling with cheerfulness, yet hushing his agitating passions into order and obedience; his nostrils large SADDLE HORSE. 17 and expanded, and when in motion, disclosing a deep red colour ; his brow and forehead smooth, and not too flat ; his nose somewhat rising, of good turn, and a little inclined to the Roman shape ; his neck long, thin, delicate, and arched, forming a beautiful grada- tion from the breast and shoulders ; his mane half the width of his neck, thin and smooth ; his shoulders high, tapering, and thrown well back ; his breast plump, full, and of moderate width ; his fore legs straight, flat, sinewy, and thin ; his arms large and muscular ; his back short, and not too much swayed for strength and durability, but pretty even and straight ; his body rather round and swelling than flat, and of propor- tionable size ; his flanks plump and full, and the last rib approaching near the hip bones ; his hips and but- tocks full, round, and well covered with muscles ; his chine broad ; his tail well placed, and naturally or artificially elegant, which adds much to his figure and gay appearance ; his thighs long, from the hip to the haunch bone large and bulging with muscles ; his hocks broad, sinewy, bony, and clear of puffs ; his hind legs from the hocks short, bending a little rather than straight, flat, and sinewy ; his pasterns of moderate length, small and bony ; his hoofs cupped, small, round, and smooth ; his hind parts not tucked, but of- easy turn and graceful slope ; when mounted his appearance should be bold, lofty, and majestic ; his eyes shining with intrepidity and fire ; his movements light and airy as a phantom, with a fairy step, that would scarcely break a dew drop ; his actions smooth and graceful ; his colour should suit the taste of the pur- chaser, though a mahogany bay is certainly the best colour ; his marks large, of irregular white, to light up the countenance, and at least two white legs, which will add much to his beauty — though it must be ac 18 SADDLE HORSE. knowledged, that all parts of a horse that are white, are much more tender than any other colour. When a horse is rode by any person for you to judge of his gaits, you should have him moved towards you, from you, and finally by you, as you may have the oppor- tunity of discovering, if there is any turning in and out about his knees and ancles, before or behind, which is very objectionable. A well shaped horse will track as true, or his legs will follow each other in as direct a line, as the wheels of a well constructed carriage. — For him to be considered a good riding horse, he should move with ease to himself, and pass over the ground with great rapidity. Hard steps, short going, and great apparent labour, is offensive to the sight, unpleasant to the rider, and fatiguing to the horse him- self With respect to the colour of horses, people ditier very widely ; a black horse, with white face and legs; a grey, or a mahogany bay, with white marks, wIkui well kept, are all showy colours ; but for actual service, experience has proved, that dark colours, without any white feet, are far preferable ; for who ever recollects to have seen a black, sorrel, or bay horse, with a bald face and four white legs, distinguish himself on the turf, in four mile heats ? I am inclined to believe there is no first rate race horse, of that de- scription, within the United States. I have, perhaps, stated some facts relative to horse jockeys, in a manner so plain and candid, as to draw from them their displeasure. My object is not to offend, but to instruct and be useful to those who want experience on the subject, for which this little book is designed. The annexed engraving (See Frontispiece) presents nny idea of an elegant saddle horse ; by a reference to CARUIAGE HORSES. 10 which, the judgment of a purcliaser will not oi.K oe benefited, but meet with considerable support. »®9« CARRIAGE HORSES. Horses intended for a carriage or draft of any description, should be from five feet to five feet four inches high; though there are many excellent and truly valuable draft horses of much smaller size. The greatest attention should be paid to their habits, temper, quality, and disposition. A horse that has been once frightened in harness, never again is safe for that employment. So retentive are their memories, that they do not forget an alarm of that kind during their whole lives. For the want of experience on this subject, horses that have been frightened in harness have been hitched to carriages, which too often has been the cause of the untimely death of many amiable females and helpless children. Indeed, a pair of good and well matched, gentle carriage horses, is rarely to be met with ; as so many good qualities, together with a similarity of age, colour, size, and marks, is required to make them complete and valuable. Th^ir eyes should be good, carriage lofty, bodies proportionaoly large, breasts full and wide, their whole bodies heavily muscled; their heads, necks, and ears delicate ; their iegs large, sinewy, and bony ; their pasterns short, and their hoofs moderately large, and not too flat. They should be free from starting, stumbling, and kicking; 20 CARRIAGE HORSES. and meir dispositions patient, gentle, and obedient, [t very often happens that horses are kept together as a match, on account of their colour and similarity of marks, when no respect is paid to their difference of form, spirit, and- movements, which often differ as widely as the mettled racer from the dull cart horse. When thus badly matched, they would very soon be separated by a good judge, and nothing short of necessity should ever permit them to draw together. Carriage horses should carry good tails, naturally or artificially, which adds much to their gay and elegant appearance ; presenting figures ready, apparently, to move upon the wind, whilst they are perfectly gentle and manageable. Horses of different colours, whose spirit, Size, and movements are similai*, are a much better match in harness than those of the same colour, with three or four inches difference in height; or one dull, and the other spirited; one young, the other old; one fat, the other poor ; one with a bald face and white legs, the other with white legs; or one active, and the other clumsy. I have thus taken up the time of the reader, to make him the better judge, and give him a correct idea of a bad match of carriage horses, which will assist him much in selecting those that are good. After being thoroughly satisfied about the shape, age, condition, &c., of a pair of carriage horses you may be about to purchase, it will be necessary, in justice to yourself, to try them in harness; though the seller will assure you they are as gentle as Iambs, true as honour, and finally, the best pair of horses in the world; although It is possible for such a statement to be a fact, I would advise that a trial should be made, and the purchaser become his own judge; for which purpose have them hitched in a carriage, and driven several times up and CAKRIAGE HORSES. 21 down the steepest hill that the road may cross, which is most convenient: if they have any tricks, or are not true draft horses, it can be readily discovered: next, for the purpose of discovering if they have ever been alarmed in harness, frequently open and shut the car- riage door, also move and rattle the steps ; if they have ever been frightened in harness you will very soon be compelled to desist; then by coming to their front, and with attention observing their ears and eyes, you will be informed to your entire satisfaction, if they are safe Horses that have been once alarmed in harness, so soon as they hear any rattling noise behind them, begin to grow restless, sinking or squatting behind, holding the head high, snorting, fetching long breaths, moving the ears with great quickness, at the same time showing the whites of their eyes. Let me warn the reader against the purchase of such horses ; they are unfit and unsafe for the use of a family. Horses for harness, that are fiery and fretful, are very objec- tionable, and should always be avoided; but great care should be taken to distinguish between animals of this description, and those that are eager and spirited; the former begin to prance and fret the moment they are out of the stable, until they exhaust themselves with fatigue ; but the latter endeavour only to be first in the chase, or foremost in the field, and are truly valuable; possessing those qualities that resemble prudence and courage; the others, intemperate heat and rashness. Whenever carriage horses are driven, they should be moved off fifteen or twenty steps in a slow walk, without the cracking or fiourishing of a whip, which IS so much the custom, and which is very frequently the cause of high tempered horses refusing to draw , after which their speed may be quickened to whatevei gait you may prefer, by the use of some kind word, 3 22 RACE HORSE. to which all horses should be accustomed It is very much the practice with drivers to leave their horses standing in a carriage, without any person ^to hold them, for hours together. Having seen the worst oi consequences result from this practice, (and with horses under the character of being gentle,) I would recom mend that drivers should never give up their reins, until they are prepared with some person sufficiently strong to hold them. By using such precaution, the overturning and breaking many fine carriages, and the ruining for ever many valuable and elegant carriage horses, would be avoided. »e@e« RACE HORSE. It is a remarkable fact, that horses run in all shapes. But most generally, those excel upon the turf, that are of the following form : head and neck thin, small, and delicate; eyes large, plump, and full of expression; nostrils wide, red, and expanded; throttle large; shoulders high, thin, and running very far back ; breast plump, full, and wide; body long, round, and rather light than heavy; back short as possible; thighs long, large, full, and bulging; fore arm large and swelling towards his breast ; hocks broad, strong, and bony ; legs of moderate size, thin, flat, and sinewy; pasterns rather long and small, than otherwise; feet of propor- tionable size to the balance of his form ; though, of the two extremes, small is the best; he should be nervous, tractable, and of good spirit, and he should be from five feet to five feet four inches high. Such a horse, well managed, kept and placed in races, will seldom fail to distinguish himself on the turf. KEKPING. 33 KEEPING The keeping a horse for a race is attended with much trouble, and requires great attention: but is more simple than is generally believed by persons wanting experience on that subject. A large majority of grooms, even to the present day are in the habit of giving to race horses lai"ge quanti- ties of physic, (though the number engaged in tnis practice has been diminished within the last ten years,) and for the sake of those very valuable animals, I hope ere long, such an injurious practice will be entirely abolished. All the medicine on earth will never give to a horse speed and bottom, that is naturally deficient in those respects ; and if he is affected at all by its use, it must operate to his disadvantage. The plainest and simplest mode of keeping horses, has proved much the best, to all who have ventured, in defiance of old opinions and customs, to use that course. When a horse is in health, the medicine ge- nerally given by grooms, has the effect of relaxing the muscles, enfeebling the system, and expanding the pores of the skin. I am clearly of opinion, that those large doses, which are so often given, never cause a horse, when running, to fetch a longer breath, braced his muscles, ad^d to the elasticity of his tendons, in- vigorated his system, or gave him, in any way, extra powers to perform the task assigned him ; but on the contrary, are frequently the means of throwing a horse out of order, that in all probability, under dif- ferent treatment, would have proved successful, if not master on the turf: indeed, this has sometimes been proved by the change of owners, and when a good 3* 24 KEEPmo. horse has fallen into the hands of one that has observed plain and simple treatment — the horse that previous to the change never was more than second or third best, has run with more than anticipated success. But many old and ignorant grooms who have never been benefited by experience, and all the knowledge they possess have been handed to them by persons equally ignorant with themselves, are under a belief, that unless a horse swallows a certain number of wind balls, that it is impossible he can win a race ; added to which, they are extremely superstitious, and some, even at the present day, confide in tricks and witch- craft. It is to be much regretted that a good horse snouid e 'er fall into the hands of such blockheads. The first thing necessary in the keeping a race horse IS, a good log stable, about fifteen feet square : then provide a plenty of good and sweet old corn, fodder, and oats, and a suflicient quantity of clean and dry straw, to change his bed every two or three days. Most horses, when first taken up for the purpose of being kept, require bleeding ; whi(ih a groom can always be a judge of from the appearance of the ani- mal. Good cloths, girts, &c. should be provided and kept on the horse, except at the hours for rubbing, which should be regularly three times a day ; in the morning, and evening after practice, and at twelve o'clock ; for which purpose a curry-comb, brush, straw and a large woollen cloth, must be pr15vided and well used. Good rubbing assists in putting a horse in order, and places on his skin a beautiful gloss. His legs must be washed three times a day in clear cold water, after which they must be rubbed dry with straw, and the naked hand rubbed over the ancles and pasterns, until a small degree of warmth is felt. The stable should be kept perfectly clean. KEEPING. 25 A horse should be given such practice as ho is well able to bear. As those animals frequently difler in every respect so widely from each other, it is impos- sible to lay down an}' rule that should govern, relative to the speed or quantity of practice necessary for horses in training. 1 will only remark, that a horse should be practised in a moderate gallop, the distance he is intended to be run, moving briskly every time he passes the stand, and for a short distance on the back of the ground: he then should be walked about a mile, and again ga Hopped in manner first directed. Some fleet and delicate horses require very little practice indeed; while other hardy and hard bottomed horses require and can bear verv hard practice. But the appetite of a horse is the best criterion, as relates to that subject. If a horse refuses to eat, it is an evidence that his practice is either too hard or too quick ; when he eats heartily, it is a proof that he is able to bear what is given him. When a horse is first taken into keeping, his allowance for the first two or three days, should be rather short; which should be offered four times a day. His exercise should be walking, for the first three or four days; two or three times the distance, or round the course of his contemplated race ; after whicn time, his food may be increased with his exercise, and he may be regularly fed with from two quarts at a feed to four quarts. His food should be often changed and prepared thus : his hommony (Indian corn ground coarse) should be first winded, then thrown into clean water, so as to separate the part that is nutritious from the husk and chaff; the oats should be lightly beaten in a common hommony mortar, to separate them from the hull or chaff, which may be blown off; his fodder should be stemmed whenever it is discovered he has '•ilj KEEPING. too much belly. A horse never should be drawn suddenly, as nothing is more weakening. The best medicine on earth, that can be employed In keeping of a horse, to give him wind and bottom, as the grooms term it, is good and sweet food. A greater proportion of old oats, hay, or hommony, opens the bowels ; and a large pro}X)rtion of fodder and oats, when prepared in the way directed, has the reverse effect; so that by using food that actually contains nourishment, and will certainly benefit your horse, you may place him in whatever kind of order you think proper, without using those medicines which have a certain tendency to weaken and relax him. About two mashes during the time of keeping, is very bene- ficial ; the first as soon as you commence ; the second, about eight days previous to his running; composed of one gallon of bran, one table spoonful of flour oj sulphur, and one tea spoonful of saltpetre. Most grooms are in the habit of giving one, two, or three sweats, during the time of keeping; which method of hardening the flesh I am much opposed to. If a horse is too gross, gradually increase his exercise, which will have the desired effect. Whenever a horse has to undergo one of those sweats, he is so much weakened and relaxed, as to require at least one week to recovei his strength. Should a horse, in keeping, lose his appetite, it can readily be restored, by a single inno- cent drench, composed of a quarter of an ounce of asafoetida, one table spoonful of salt, and one quart of sassafras tea. Good food, regular feeding, moderate exercise, and strict attention to rubbing, are of much more importance and benefit to a horse in keeping, than the administering of large doses of physic, which his nature does not require. When a horse is well kept, he will not appear very KUi:! INC. Iti fat, but his flesh will be very firm and hard ; his I('!j,-.s and ancles must be porfectly cool, and not pufli'd or swelled ; his eyes should be lively, and countenance cheerful : he should possess no bad habits, but be tractable, gentle, and manageable; his actions smooth and graceful ; he should be taught patience ; and often practised in starting around the race course, never permitting him to go off, until the word GO is given. Many advantages result in a race, to a horse, being Dropej'ly broke in starting. After a horse has gone through his practice, and has been well rubbed, &c. &c. his feet should be stuffed, (during the time of his standing in the stable) with fresh cow manure, or clay and salt, to prevent his ancles from swelling or being heated ; his legs should be bathed once a week, with equal parts of old peach brandy and fresh butter, or sweet oil and vinegar, stewed over the fire until well mixed, and applied warm as the hand can bear it. Whenever a horse commences his brisk exercise, the under part of his ancles should be occasionally greased, to prevent their cracking and the scratches being produced. The heels of most young horses crack, during their exercise, unless this precaution is used ; fresh butter, sweet oil, or hog's lard, answers well for that purpose. The subject of keeping horses is so extensive, that to treat fully on it, would require a book at least the size of this ; the reader, therefore, must be content with the few hints and few pages I have devotea to this subject. 21 RACE RIOER. RACE RIDER. To become a valuable and a good race rider, requires more capacity, judgment, experience, and honour, than are often found in boys in the habit of riding. And no person can be successful on the turf, unless he can place the utmost confidence in his rider ; whose in- tegrity and honour it would be advisable frequently to put to the test. Boys are sometimes so young, foolish, and destitute of principle, as to receive bribes and promises : preventing the best horse from winning, to Ihe disgrace of all concerned, and the serious injury of his owner ; who, in such cases, never should fail to make an example of all persons engaged in the villany. A good race rider will have the pad of his saddle wet, before he mounts, to keep it firm in its place ; he will try his stirrups, and prove them long enough to raise himself about two or three inches clear of the saddle : he will then tie his bridle a length that will allow his horse, when he bears him gradually and steadily, to run at his ease, without being jerked or jostled ; he should never make a false start, but come up even and go off smoothly, without fretting or causing his hoise to rear; and above all other things BREEDING. 29 strict and pointed attention should be paid to the orders given, and they rigidly adhered to. A rider should bear a little forward, steadily as possible, and without altering the attitude of his body, when whipping, pushing, or running at his ease, taking great care to remain steady in his stirrups, holding his elbows close, and his hands low. A rider, after running his heat, should never dis- mount, or give up his horse to any other person, until it is his turn to prove his weight, and is directed to come to the stand. THE Bl^EEDlNG AND RAISING OF HOUSES. The breeding and raising of horses, to most persons, is a very amusing and pleasing task; but it is attended with much trouble and expense, unless well managed, and then it becomes not only a subject of profit, but is well worth the attention of any person, whose situ- ation will admit of it, for the purpose of making a fortune. The raising of cold blooded or common horses, is generally a disadvantage to any person, being neither interesting or profitable. A colt three years old, of the above description, seldom costs the ovi^ner less than one hundred and twenty dollars; and when he makes d sale, twice out of three times that sum cannot be obtained; consequently there is a loss, independent of trouble. But colts, three or four yeais old, from the best stock in the United States, of large size and 4 BREEUINO. having distinguished themselves on the turf, have '.om- inanded from one hundred to one thousand pounds ! ! By raising and running such horses, large sums of money have been accumulated in the United States, and particularly in Virginia, where the blood, speed, and beauty of horses, are equal to any in the world. Much has been stated by English authors, on the subject of blood, form, and speed of the English horses; particularly Dorimant, Bay Malton, Eclipse, High- flyer, Matchem, Shark, Childers, &c. &c. &c. But could the blood, form, speed, and bottom, of our Ame- rican horses, Brimmer, Chanticleer, Leviathan, Virago, Surprise, Florizel, Potomac, American Eclipse, &c. &c. &c. have been contrasted with them, I am induced to believe they would have had the same claim to the page of record and superior performance. True it is, that of Flying Childers it is stated, that he run a mile in a few seconds over a minute. My regard for the life of every human being, particularly a valuable race rider, induces me to wish our horses may never perform the mile in that time, though we have several amongst us whose speed is unknown, although they were on the turf several years, contending with very fine race horses. I must confess, that for a horse to run a mile in a minute, or eighty-two and a half feet in a second, (as stated) surpasses any idea that I have entertained of the velocity that a horse was capable of. In order to raise a beautiful and good racer, a stud should be made choice of, that will be a good cross, and of the best blood ; not less than five feet two, though five feet four inches high, is a preferable size. He should be well proportioned, elegantly formed, of maho- gany bay colour, and clear of all defects, particu- BREEDING. 31 larly spavin and blindness : and should not only have pioved himself in possession of speed on the turf, but bottom also ; and should be a sure foal getter. A mare should be made choice of, not less than five feet high, with a delicate head and neck, great length of body, large belly, and above all other things, one that has proved herself, by her colts, to be a good breeder. When you commence breeding with a mare of this kind, you are almost certain of raising a valuable colt. But when you commence with one untried, you run a great risk of losing time and raising a horse of the 120 dollar price, unless the mare, or stock from which she originated, was first rate and remarkable for their fine colts. Indeed there appears to be the same simi- larity in the blood of horses that exist in men, as respects their good and bad qualities, shape, &c. &c. We find vice common throughout some families, while we see virtue reigning in others. One breed of horses, under every care and attention, will only raise you a coarse horse or pony ; whilst good blooded horses, even half starved and under every disadvantage, will show strong marks of beauty, activity, and size ; and after winning from his master kind treatment, often becomes the champion of the turf. I have known several first rate race horses that were once plough and draft horses. A brood mare, that has produced one or two good racers, from a good cross, in all probability will, at any time produce one, when under similar advantages. When a colt is foaled early in the spring, he will be under every benefit that can be derived from size, strength, and age ; consequently, it would be advisable to put a mare to horse at such time as would produce a colt about the fifteenth or twentieth of April. A 32 BREEDING. mare generally goes with foal eleven months and as many days as she is years old. A colt foaled in April, when three years old would have to carry no more weight in a race field than one foaled in August ; which would give to the one first foaled a difference of three months of age, and of equal blood and under similar advantages. The one first foaled ought very certainly to prove best on the turf, from three to seven years old. After your mare has been put to the horse of youi choice, she should not be confined during her preg- nane}^, but a house or shed about twelve feet square, should be built for the purpose of sheltering her from the rain or bad weather ; the south side of this house should be left entirely open, so that the mare might come in or go out at pleasure : and a manger and rack should be confined in it for the purpose of feeding. A good bed of straw, and that frequently changed, will add much to her comfort, and she will be induced to sleep under the shelter if the litter is kept clean. — • Adjoining this house there should be a lot, enclosed with post and railing, containing from one to four acres of ground, clear of snags, grubs, and stumps ; in which the mare should be confined about two or three weeks previous to her foaling : she will then be con- ventent to assistance, should any be necessary. Mares frequently produce colts at fourteen or fifteen years of age, and sometimes twenty ; but from five to twelve years of age, from experiments made, appears to be the most valuable part of a mare's life for raising colts. Experience has also proved the great advan- tage resulting to the form and size of a colt, from letting him get thin upon grass alone, two or three times previous to his being three years old; after which time he may be constantly pushed as much as possible. When the dam and sire of a colt are small, it is to BREEDING. 33 be presumed a colt produced by them will make a small horse, although there may be no objection to the blood ; and if he makes a race horse, it will be of the unprofitable kind. He may be a winner at three years old; at four years old, second best; and being too small to carry weight, he never can win again. Such a horse will not command a high price with a judge of horses, as it is evident that a large horse, with the same weight, will beat a small one, when they are equal in all respects except size. Indeed, for the purpose of draft or riding, a large horse will command double the sum of a small one, which plainly proves the importance of breeding from a large stock. When a colt arrives at the age of two and a half years, it is time he should be handled, and taught the use of the bit. It is of great consequence he should be first gentled by a person who well understands the management of horses, to prevent bad habits; as first impressions are never entirely removed from man or beast. 4* 84 BREEDING. I The following is the mode of raising Blooded Horses, as pursued by Wm. E. Broadnax, of Brunswick County, Virginia.^ [from the AMERICAN FARMER.] MODE OF RAISING BLOODED HORSES. " In the first place, be particular in selecting a good stock to breed from. When the mare is near foaling, let her be to herself, and if early in the season, let her have a good roomy stable to foal in; and in good weather, let her and her colt be turned into a lot, (of wheat I prefer.) Wean the colt the first of October in a stable, until it is done snickering after its dam; then turn it in a lot ; if you have more than one, they will do best together. " Stable them at night, and turn them out in the day, except in very bad weather : force them all you can the first winter. To do this, their principal food should be cut oats moistened with a due proportion of corn meal sprinkled over and mixed with them. Most foals are apt to be too delicate ; forcing them, and keeping them warm at night, will increase the size of their limbs in proportion to the weight of their bodies. After they are one year old, they should not be kept so fat, nor yet permitted to get poor. A stud colt, which is intended to be kept as such, should be separated from other horses at a year old, and stabled of nights ; his rack and manger should be so high as to strain him a little to get food ; the windows of the stable should also be high, as he will be looking out at them : by these means his shoulders will be thrown back, and his withers raised. If it be wished to increase his quar- teis, enlarge his muscles, and other material parts, keep him in the stable frequently, for several days together, which will animate him ; then turn him out in BREEDING. 35 a lot, and encourage him to run and exert himself all you can, as his parts will acquire size and strength in proportion to the use made of them. " I would recommend a mare of good form and thorough blood, though she cost the most, because her colts would cost ^o more to raise them than those from an ordinary mare, and would probably sell for more than three or four times as much. The reason I would wean in a stable is, that in the usual way of weaning in cornfields, &c. the colts run themselves poor before they are weaned. I prefer wheat lots for mares and colts, because they like it better than any thing else, and I think it agrees better with them. I find oats made use of as above stated, not only the most healthy and best, but also the cheapest food for mares and colts. In pursuing the course which has been laid down, I obtained the following results : " I selected a mare which I knew to be of good stock, but from improper raising was only four feet six inches high, and very delicate : The first removal from her was four feet ten inches; the second remova five feet ; the third was five feet two inches ; the fourth was five feet six inches." ^6 RAISING OF COLTS. RAISING OF COLTS. The following answers were returned by William R. Johnson, to questions propounded by J. Marshall, of Fauquier Co. Fa." " Senate Chamber, February 4, 1829. 1. Keep the colts in pretty good order, not too fat, until they are too years old, then break them gently. 2. Keep them in lots, it does not matter as to size, taking care not to allow them to see other horses more than possible. 3 and 4. Grass lots are best, and short grass. 5. Dry food mostly — when young, cut oats. 6. Give corn in the winter; oats in the summer; not more at a time than they eat clean. When they are once fat very light feeding is best. 7. It is not at all necessary to rub them rnitil they are two years cM. 8. Wean the colts at about six months old. Should ihe above answers to your questions not be sufficiently explicit, they will be with great pleasure added to. Respectfully, William R. Johnson. RACE HORSE. 37 [from the AiMEIlICAN FARMER.] THE BLOODED HORSE. How to choose a race horse by his external appearance, and to b; a judge of his symmetry by angular demonstration, RULES. 1st. Draw a base line from the stifle joint along the bottom of the chest to the extreme point of the elbow, and to the shoulder-blade joint. 2dly. Draw a line from the curb or hock by the hip joint above the back, to an imaginary point. 3dly. Draw another line from the point of the shoul- der, ranging with the shoulder, and passing above the back, until it intersects the line at the imaginary point. 4thly. Draw a line from the intersecting point of the shoulders, giving the same declension until it intersects the base hne. 5thly. From the stifle to the point of the buttock ihence to the hip joint, thence declining to the stifle. 6thly. Draw a line from the hip to the base line right angular declension, then to the shoulder up to the chest. 7thly. Then draw a straight line, regardless of the curve of the back, to a straight line intersecting at the shoulder at the beginning of the crest. 8thly. Then take a line from the point of the shoul- der, and angular degree, ranging with the shoulder- blade to the top of the crest. Olhly. Then, regardless of the rising of the crest. 3^ RACE HOUSE. draw a straight line from the top of the shoulder-blade to intersect with the point of the former line. Thus the real symmetry of a grand and beautiful horse, possessed with muscular powers and strength, is formed by a right-angled triangle ; and the farther from it a race horse's form is, the less pretensions that horse has to beauty, speed, bottom, or lastingness, ability to carry weight, or activity. A thick, upright shoulder, is a very certain mark of a "stum bier," and is fit for no use whatever b\it the slow draft. A low coupling in the back, is a true mark of weak- ness ; it denotes want of strength, lastingness, ability to carry weight, or speed. A low loin, is a certain mark of weakness, and a weakly and washy constitution. But a rising loin, of ability to carry weight, speed, activity, and lastingness, and a good constitution, sym- metry, beauty, and muscular strength. A race horse's legs cannot be too short. A great declivity, and thin shoulders, denotes speed. A narrow breast, weakness. A horse's breast bone, formed like that of the rabbit, denotes also speed, and it is the best form for a race horse. A short, broad hock, denotes strength ; a broad stifle, well let down to the curb or hock, denotes bottom or lastingness, strength, and activity. There are not two race horses in five hundred, pro- perly formed in the knees ; which should be small, divested of superfluous appendages, and strong; they denote activity and strength. RACE HORSE. 39 A lax, bending pastern, denotes also speed ; a long horse is preferable to a short one, because he can cover a great deal of ground, and can bear pressing better and longer. The race horse, upon the whole, whose form in general, is composed of the essential properties of the following animals, viz. the rabbit, grey hound, and ostrich — is the best. GORWOOD. December 6, 1827. »@e« The following is the English mode of management and working c/ Race Horses. In the managing and working of race horses, three things are to be considered : the preparation of the horse, the conduct of the rider, and the after treatment of the horse. The preparation of a race horse for running a race is not the work of a few days, if there be any great dependence on the success. A month at least, is required to harden his muscles in training, by proper food and exercise, and to refine his wind, by clearing his body to that degree of perfec- tion that is attainable by art. It is first necessary 1o ascertain correctly the present state of the horse, as whether he be low or high in flesh ; and in either case, a proper estimate should be formed of the time and means required to bring him into true running condition. 40 RACE HORSE. If a race horse he low in jiesh, il is necessary to |udge of the cause of such state, and to act accordingly. It is to be remarked, that spices are less to be depended on for this purpose than generous food, as malt mashes; and if any thing of the kind be used, let it be the simple cordial ball. Feed frequently, and by little at a time : while he is thus low, let his exercise be walking only, and by no means spare his water, or he will become hide-bound: carefully watch him, that full feeding may not disagree by making his heels swell, or his coat unthrifty ; and if such appearances occur, mash him and begin his scourings, otherwise abstain from physic until he is in better health. As he improves in condition, increase his exercise, but not to such a degree as to make him sweat : his food must now be the bc-st oats and beans, with wheaten or barley bread ; the beans and oats are to be put into a bag and beaten until the hulls are a^' off, and then winnowed clean ; the bread instead of being chipped in the common way, is to have the crust clean off. If the horse be in goodjlesh and spirits when taken up for his month's preparation, cordials are altogether unnecessary ; and the chief business will be to give him good food, and so much exercise as will keep him xu wind, without over-sweating or tiring his spirits. — When he takes larger exercise afterwards, towards the end of the month, it will be proper to have some horses in the place to run against him. This will put him upon his mettle, and the beating them will give him spirits. This, howe-ver, is to be cautiously observed, that he has not a bloody heat given him for ten days or a fortnight before the plate is to be run for ; and that the last heat that is given him the day before the race, must be in his clothes : this will make him run with greatly more vigour when stripped for the race, and feeling the RACE HORSE. 41 cold wind on every part. In the second week, the horse should have the same food and more exercise ; and in the last fortnight he must have dried oats, that have been hulled by beating ; after this jockeys wet them with the whites of eggs beaten up, and then laid out in the sun to dry ; and when dry as before, the horse is to have them : this sort of food being considered by them as very light of digestion, and very good for the creature's wind. The beans in this time should be given more sparingly, and the bread should be made of three parts wheat and one part beans, or of wheat and barley in equal parts. If he should become costive under this course, he must then have bran-water to drink, or some ale and whites of eggs beaten together ; and keep his body moist. In the last week all mashing is to be omiiiod.and barley-water given him in its place; and every day, till the day before the race, he should have his fill of hay ; then he must have it given him more sparingly, that he may have time to digest it ; and in the morning of the race day, he must have a toast or two of white bread soaked in ale, and the same 'ust before he is led out of the field. This is an excel- lent method, because the two extremes of fulness and fasting are at this time to be equally avoided ; the one heating his wind, and the other occasioning a faintnoss that may make him loose. After he has had his food, the litter is to be shook up, and the stable kept quiet, that he may be disturbed by nothing till he is taken out to run. In the choice of a rider for wmning a race, it is necessary, as far as possible, to select one that is noi only expert and able, but honest, lie must have a v^ery close seat, his knees being turned close to the saddle skirts, and held firmly lliere ; and the toes turned inwards, so that the spurs may be turned outwards lo 5 42 RACE HORSE. the horse's belly ; his left hand governing the horse's mouth, and his right the whip. During the whole time of the race, he must take care to sit firm in the saddle, without waving or standing up in the stirrups. Some jockeys fancy the last a becoming seat ; but it is certain that all motions of this kind do really incommode the horse. In spurring the horse, it is not to be done by sticking the calves of the legs close to the horse's side, as if it were intended to press the wind out of his body ; but on the contrary, the toes are to be turned a little outwards, and the heels being brought in, the spurs may just be brought to touch the side. A sharp touch of this kind will be of more service toward the quicken- ing of a horse's pace, and will sooner draw blood than one of the common coarse kicks. The expert jockey will never spur his horse until there is great occasion, and then he will avoid striking him under the fore bowels, between the shoulders and the girt ; this is the tenderest part of a horse, and a touch there is to be reserved for the greatest extremity. As to whipping the horse, it ought always to be done over the shoulder, on the near side, except in very hard running, and on the point of victory ; then the horse is to be struck on the flank with a strong jerk; for the skin is the most tender of all there, and most sensible of the lash. When a horse is whipped and spurred, and is at the top of his speed, if he clap his ears in his pole or whisk his tail, it is a proof that the jockey treats him hard, and then he ought to give him as much comfort as he can, by sawing the snaffle back- wards and forwards in his mouth, and by that means forcing him to open his mouth, which will give him wind, and be of great service. If there be any high wmd stirring in the time of riding, the artful jockey will let his adversary lead, holding hard behind him, RACE HOUSE, 43 till he sees an opportunity of giving a loose ; yet in this case he must keep so close behind, that the other horse may keep the wind from him ; and that he, sit- ting low, may at once shelter himself under him, and assist the strength of the horse. If the wind happen to be in their back, the expert jockey is to keep directly behind the adversary, that he may have al'. the advantage of the wind to blow his horse along, as it were, and at the same time intercept it in regard to his adversary. JVhen running on level sinooth ground, the jockey is to beat his horse as much as the adversary will give him leave, because the horse is naturally more in- clined to spend himself on this ground ; on the con trary, on deep earths, he may have more liberty, as he will there spare himself. In riding up hill the horse is always to be favoured, by bearing him hard, for fear of running him out of wind ; but in running down hill, if the horse's feet and shoulders will bear it, and the rider dares venture his neck, he may have a full loose. If the horse have the heels of the rest, the jockey must always spare him a little, that he may have a reserve of strength to make a push at the last post. On the jochei/s knowing the nature of the horse that is to run against him, a great deal depends ; for by managing accordingly, great advantages are to be obtained : thus, if the opposite horse is of a hot and fiery disposition, the jockey is either to run just behind him or cheek-by-jole with him, making a noise with the whip, and by that means forcing him on faster than his rider would have him, and consequently, spending him so much the sooner : or else keep him just before him in such a slow gallop that he may either overreach, or by 4 J KACE IIOKSE. treading on the heels of the fore horse, endanger tumbling over. Whatever be the ground that the adversary's horse runs worst on, the cunning jockey is to ride the most violently over ; and by this means it will often happen, that in following he either stum- bles or claps on the back siflews. The several cor- rections of the hand, the whip and the spur, are also to be observed in the adversary, and in what manner he makes use oi them : and when it is perceived by any of the symptoms of holding down the ears, or whisking the tail, or stretching out the nose like a pig, that the horse is almost blown, the business is to keep nim on to his speed, and he will be soon thrown out or distanced. If the horse of the opponent looks dull. It is a sign his strength fails him ; and if his flanks beat much, it is a sign that his wind begins to fail him, and his strength will soon do so too. Tile after management of a hoj-se that has run, in dudes the treatment between the heats, and tlie treat ment after the race is over. After every heat, there must be dry straw and dry cloths, both linen and woollen, ready to rub him down all over, after taking off the sweat with what is called a sweat-knife ; that is, a piece of an old sword blade or some such thing. After the horse has been well rubbed, he should be chafed all over with cloths wet in common water, till the time of starting again. When it is certainly known that the horse is good at the bottom, and will stick at the mark, he should be rode every heal to the best of his performance ; and the jockey is, as much as possible, to avoid riding at any particular horse, or slaying for any, but to ride out the whole heat with the best speed he can. If, on the contrary, he has a fiery horse to ride, and one that is hard to manage, hard mouthed, and difficult to be held, he is to be started HOSTLFK. 45 bcliind the rest of the horses with all imaginable cool- ness and gentleness ; and when he begins to ride at some command, then the jockey is to put up to the other horses ; and if they ride at their ease, and are hard held, they are to be drawn on faster ; and if it be perceived that their wind begins to rake hot, and they want a sob, the business is to keep them up to that speed ; and when they are all come within three quar- ters of a mile of the post, then is the time to push for it, and use the utmost speed in the creature's power. JVheii the race is over, the horse is immediately to be clothed up and rode home ; and immediately on his coming into the stable, the following drink is to be given him : Beat up the yelks of three eggs, and put them into a pint and a half of sound ale, made warm ; and let it be given with a horn. 'After this, he is to be rubbed well down, and the saddle-place rubbed over with warm water and vinegar, and places where the spurs have touched, with the same ; after this he should have a feed of rye bread, then a good mash, and at some time after these as much hay and oats as he will eat. His legs, after this, should be bathed some time with a mixture of vmegar and water, ' xe@e« HOSTLER. No situation that a ser\ ant can be placed in, requires moi-e activity, sobriety, strength, attention, and indus- try, than that of an hostler. And how often do we see weak, lazy, careless, crippled, and even extreme old men, worn out with age and infirmity, placed in tnat employment? Indeed, those are often made 6* 46 STARLES. choice of that are unable to perform labour of any description. Nothing can be more agreeable to a fatigued traveller, than to place his horse in possession of every pleasure, every comfort possible, after his having faithfully performed a hard ride, or on a journey *, which he cannot have the opportunity of doing, unless a fit person is selected for an hostler. Many fine horses and stables have been destroyed by carelessness. Hostlers that smoke pipes or segars, are unfit for that employment. »e@« STABLES. Nothing conduces more to the health of a horse, than a good and wholesome stable. It should be built upon a high, airy, and firm situation, that the horse, in Dad weather, may come in and go out clean. No animal delights more in cleanliness than the horse, or to whom bad smells are more disagreeable and perni- cious. Great attention should be paid to the removal of all offensive and putrid matter, to prevent the farcy and other troublesome and distressing diseases, which frequently proceed from such neglect. A log stable is preferable to any other, on account of its admitting a free circulation of air in summer ; and by the use of slabs or straw in winter, can be made warm and com- fortable. Opposite to each stall there should be a lattice or window, with a shutter: by which means you can, at pleasure, either welcome the cheering breeze, or bar out the threatening storm. The rack should be smooth, high, and firmly fastened to the wall ; which will prevent a horse injuring h's eyes, skinning his STABLES. 47 face, and doing himself other injury when feeding. The upright pieces in a rack should be four, or foui and a half inches apart, to prevent long food from being unnecessarily wasted. The halter should never be tied to the rack, (several fine horses having been ruined by such carelesness,) but should be pnssed through a ring in the manger, and confined to a longer or smooth piece of wood, weighing about a pound With a halter of this description, there is no danger of a horse's hanging, alarming, or injuring himself. A stall should be four and a half or five feet wide, which will allow him to lie down with comfort. The stable floor should be planked, to m?ke the coat of hair show to advantage ; but a dirt floor is far preferable, when a horse is wanted for actual service : there is a mois- ture received by the hoof from the earth, which is absolutely necessary to make it tough and service- able. Either kind of stable floors should be a little raised towards the manger, to turn the urine from' the stall, which produces an unpleasant smell, and (when permitted to stand a length of time) very unwhole- some vapours. When the size of a stable is calculated for several horses, the partitions between the stalls should be neatly and smoothly planked low enough to the floor, to prevent the horse when lying down, getting his legs through, and high enough at top to prevent them from smelling, biting, and molesting each other. A plentiful bed of clean, dry straw affords, to a fatigued or travelling horse, as great a welcome as his food, and is as necessary in a stable as the uitchfork, curry-comb, and brush. 4S NICKING. NICKING. Nicking a Piorsc has been generally believed to be attended with much difficulty, and to require great in- genuity and art to perform the operation. The nicking alone, is by far I'he easiest part, as the curing and ptillying requires considerable attention and trouble. Nicking is an operation jierformed for the purpose of making a horse carry an elegant artificial tail, which adds much to his beauty and value. A horse may be finely shaped, even without fault, except carrying a bad tail, and he will not command a larger sum than one of very loose and ordinary shape elegantly nicked. One thus operated on, will have an appearance of gaiety, sprightliness, and life, which cannoi be given by art in any other way ; indeed, it very Irequently happens the tail sells for one fourth the value of the horse, which argues strongly in favour of the opera- tion being performed on every tolerable likely horse, that is naturally deficient in that respect. Some are of opinion, and particularly our plain, good old farmers, who are in the habit of raising fine horses, that nicking is injurious, weakening the back, unstringing the tendons, relaxing the muscles about the hind parts, causing a horse frequently to fall and some- limes to catch upoji their ancles behind, almost breaking the ridex-'s back ; in all of which they are entirely mistaken, and would readily be convinced of the fact, if they wei-e to study the anatomy of the horse. Every tendon, muscle, nerve, artery, &c. that is separated in nicking, is always cut in docking ; and we do not find it the result of experiment, that a horse with a long tail is more durable, stronger, ree MCKINO. 49 from catching or sinking behind, than a horse that has been docited. Niciiing will never make a bad horse a good one, or a good horse a bad one. The opinion unfavourable to nicking, no doubt, has taken its rise from many delicate, weak, long-legged horses being nicked for the purpose of selling them. When the operation succeeds well, the horse assumes a new appearance, being more like a dancing master than a grave digger, after which he will continue to practise his old habits of catching behind, or making a bow, although he appears as if he could glide upon the wind. This elegant tail causes them to forget this is the same tender and weak horse that was in bad habits before he was nicked ; and almost proves, without reflection, that nicking is the cause of his apparent weak- ness. Indeed if such opinions were founded on fact, all horses that had been nicked, would fall and catch behind, whenever they had to descend a small hill. 1 have never known an instance of a horse catching behind after being nicked, that was not in the habit previous to the operation being performed. Before I describe the operation of nicking, it may be necessary to inquire into the eflfect, or how the elevation of the tail is brought about. In order to do this, and judge of the operation with propriety, we must consider the tail elevated or raised by one set of muscles, ending in large tendons, and depressed or drawn down by another ; the muscles and tendons that elevate the tail, are stronger and more numerous, and nearer to the bone than those that depress it ; they are closely connected to the bones of the tail by fleshy fibres, and terminate in strong tendons at the extre m'lty. The tendons that throw down or depress the tail, are two in number, and may be found within a 50 NICKING. quarter of an inch of the outer sides of the tail, next lo the hair. There are three arteries ; two large, on the outer side and immediately under the tendons, and one in the centre between the two nearer the bone, all runnnig into a longitudinal direction, and decreasing in size to the extreme end. To perform the operation of nicking, it is first neces- sary the horse should be well secured, to prevent his kicking or doing other injury ; a twitch is to be put on his upper lip, but not so high as to prevent his breath- ing; a cord is to be made fast to the fetlock of one of his hind legs, thence carried forward and made fast to his fore leg above the knee, which will effectually prevent his doing injury during the operation. — \_See Plate.] Being now confined, you are ready to commence the operation, which chiefly consists in a transverse division of those depressing tendons of the tail, and such a position afterwards as will keep their extremi- ties again from coming into contact ; so that an inter- vening callous fills up the vacuity, and elevates, erects, and props the tail. There are three different modes of nicking, all of which I will proceed to explain, giving an opportunity to any person, about to perform the operation, to make their selection. To make a horse carry an elegant tail, is attended with some uncertainty, as much depends upon the spirit, disposition, form, size of the bone of the tail. &c. &c. &c. A horse of good spirit, tolerable shape, and a small bone in the tail, can be made to carry an elegant tail with the greatest ease ; particularly if he carried a tolerably natural tail. But a dull, leather- neaded, flop-eared horse, with a remarkable large bone ;i his tail, \yill set you a task, although you may break NICKING. 51 the bone in two or three places — indeed there is so much difference in horses, tliat some judgment miist be exercised about the mode best to be adopted to the accomphshment of the object in view. Nothing can more disfigure the appearance of a horse, than to be half nicked. The form of the tail, when this unfortunately happens, departs from the simplicity of nature, and never attains the elegance of art. The first mode of nicking I shall describe, is the simplest, and attended with the least trouble ; and althouirh it succeeds well, twice out of three times, vet I think inferior to the other two I shall presently de- scribe. Being prepared with a sharp knife and a crooked piece of iron or buck's horn, for the purpose of performing the operation. 1st. Have a twitch placed upon his nose as directed in the engraving annexed. — Figure 3. 2d. With a strong rope, confine his left hind leg to his left fore leg, above the knee. — Figures 5^6. 3d. Plat the tail close and neatl}^ from the root to the end, clubbing or turning it over a small stick. — Figure 7. 4th. Turn the tail up, with a strong arm that can keep it firm and steady, in a direct line with his rump and back-bone. — Figure 7. 5th. With a sharp knife make an incision on each side of the tail about three inches long, in a longitu- dinal direction, about two inches from the root, and about a quarter of an inch from the outer edge of the tail, next to the hair ; so soon as you get through the skin, you will find exposed the two large tendons. 6 52 mcKiNG 6th. Make a second pair of incisions, similar to the first, commencing within about two inches of the termination of the first. 7th. Make one other pair of incisions, in length pro- portioned to the length of the tail, taking care to leave about two inches at the end. 8th. With a crooked iron or horn, take up the ten- dons at the first incision, as near the root of the tail as possible, and cut them smoothly in two. 9th. Take up the tendons at the second incision, and by using strength, draw those in the first incision out at the second. 10th. Draw those of the second out at the third incision, and cut them off smoothly. 11th. Wash the tail in strong salt and water, and take from the neck vein half a gallon of blood, three times within a week. 12th. The horse may be turned out or used mode- rately, and should be fed on green or light food ; his tail should be washed clean, with soap and water, three or four times within a fortnight ; by which time, in all probability, he will be entirely well. A horse nicked in this way will require no pulleying, provided the tail is well strained up, with a strong arm, twice a flay. The second mode of nicking is attended with more trouble than the first : but with the greatest certainty of a horse carrying an elegant tail. Having confined the horse as first directed, and prepared yourself with a sharp knife — 1st. Make an incision entirely across the under part of the horse's tail, deep enough on each side to cut in two the depressors or tendons, but shallow in the middle, and about two inches from the root ol NICKINC. 58 the tail. When the depressors are entirely cut in two, one end of them will suddenly draw towards the rump, and the other will slip or shoot out of the wound about half an inch, which must be cut off smoothly and even with the wound, 2d. The second incisions must be made like the first, from which they must be distant about three inches. 3d. The third incisions should be made like the second, except deeper. If any artery should be cut, it is no cause of alarm ; as a plentiful bleeding is ot infinite service in speedily curing the tail thus operated on, and the blood is easily stopped by wrapping the tail up with a small quantity of salt, added to a handful of flour, or by placing him in the pulleys ; though from a gallon to a gallon and a half of blood would not be too much to lose. 4th. After nicking, the tail should be washed in strong salt and water, and the horse may not be pul- leyed for three or four days, at which time all blood, _ dirt, &c. should be carefully removed, not only from the under part of the tail, but from amongst the hair also, and should be kept clean until he is cured, which will be about three weeks ; by which time should he not be fat, his condition will be much improved. 5th. The tail should be taken out of the pulleys every three or four days, unplatted, and washed clean with strong soap-suds. 6th. Bleed every five or six days, taking from a half to a gallon of blood at each bleeding, and if the tail appears much inflamed, bleed oftener; it will remove fever and inflammation, and cause the wounds to heal very quick. 54 NICKING. 7th. His food should be easy of digestion, light and cool, such as bran, oats, or green food of any kind. If the root of the tail should be inflamed, (which is veiy often the case after pulleying,) or should small biles appear, apply a little tincture of myrrh, copperas, or blue-stone water. It very often happens, that the hair in the tail of a nicked horse shows a disposition to drop, which should be prevented, by washing the tail in sharp vinegar, and keeping it nice and clean with soap-suds. The matter discharged from the wounds, if permitted to remain amongst the hair for twenty-four hours, will take it off as readily as a knife. It is of very great importance to prevent this, as the best nicked horse in the world will look ugly, if he has little or no hair in his tail ; besides, it generally takes twelve months to replace it. Horses are sometimes nicked, when their blood is in a bad state, which is the cause of their tails swelling and showing marks of violent inflammation ; to remove which, it will be only necessary to bleed plentifully and apply a poultice made of a strong decoction of red oak bark and corn meal If this operation should be performed in a season of the year when flies are troublesome, the tail and buttocks of the horse should be anointed with stur- geon's oil, which will effectually remove them. I shall now proceed to desci'ibe the third and best mode of nicking every description of horses; and which, if well attended to, will seldom or never fail to succeed. 1st. The stall, pulleys, haltei', and manger, should all be prepared for the reception of a horse, previous to bemg nicked, as directed in the engraving pre- fixed. The pulleys {figure 2) about six or eight feet NICKING 5S apart, and about the same distance from the stable floor, over each side of the stall, and firmly fastened to the wall ; a smooth and small cord is then to be passed through each of the pulleys, and to each end must be confined two equal weights, as figure 10 ; the halter should be constructed and fastened as figure 11 ; the trough should be securely fastened to the stall or wall, to prevent its being pulled down, {figure 8,) the stall should be three or three and an half feet wide, and not deep enough to allow a horse to rub and disfigure his tail, as figure 9. 2d. The horse should be confined, as figures 5, 6, and 3, and the tail closely and neatly platted up and clubbed at the end, or turned over a small stick, and securely tied with a waxed string, as figuj^es 7 and 4. 3d. Being provided with a sharp knife and a crook- ed piece of buck's horn, and the tail being turned up by a strong arm, in a direct line with the back bone, us before mentioned, commence the operation by mak- ing a transverse incision, immediately across the tail, one and a half inches from the root, and deep enough ?o separate entirely the tendons on each side of the under part of the tail, which will be found about a quarter of an inch from the hair on the outer edge ; this incision in the middle may be shallow. The large arteries lie so immediately under the tendons, that they are often wounded or separated in performing this operation, which will be a great advantage in the healing of the wounds, instead of doing injury by the loss of blood. But whenever a horse may have bled from one to two gallons, the bleeding will readily stop by placing the tail in pulleys, or by applymg a small quantity of flour and salt to the wound, and wrap the tail up moderately tight with a linen rag, from the root to the end. 6* 56 NICKING. 4th. Make two incisions lengthwise or longitudi- nally, (commencing about two or two and a half inches from the cross or transverse incision,) and about three inches in length, which will expose the large tendons on each side. 5th. Make two other incisions of the same kind, commencing about one inch from the second, and in leno^th runnincT within about two inches of the end of the tail. 6th. Make a transverse incision within half an inch of the termination of the longitudinal incisions, (or those made lengthwise,) pretty deep. 7th. With a buck's horn take up the large tendons in the second incisions, and draw the ends out of the first ; take up those in the third and draw the ends out of the second, and at the upper part of the wound cut off the tendons even and smooth. 8th. With a strong arm strain up the tail opposite the second incisions, until the bone slips or breaks ; treat the tail opposite the third incisions in the same manner — also the fourth and last, which should be made across. 9th. Wash the tail in strong salt water, and the horse may be placed in a stall, turned in a pasture, or elsewhere, for two or three days. 10th. Wash the wound and tail clean with strong soap suds, and place the horse in the pulleys, by pas- sing a small noose (Figure 1) over the stick confined in the hair, at the end of the tail — {Figure 4.) 1 1th. Take from the neck vein half a gallon of blood, each week, until he gets well ; or double the quantity should the tail be much inflamed. He should remain in the pulleys about three weeks, in order to give the new flesh time to get firm, and should be washed once NICKING. 57 a day wiii castile soap, so that it may be kept entirely clean. The tail should be taken out of the pulle}s twice a week, the hair unplatted, and permitted to remain down all night, and the horse changed to a clean and large stall, with a good bed of straw, for the purpose of sleeping and refreshing himself. Before he is again confined, he may be rode two or three hundred yards, slow, and without being fretted. Whilst stand- ing in the pulleys, his legs should be frequently bathed with pot-liquor, in whiiih bacon was boiled ; vinegai and sweet oil, or lard and spirits of any kind ; and a mash should be given him at least once a week, of one gallon of bran or oats, with a table spoonful of powdered brimstone, and one tea spoonful of salt- petre; not permitting him to drink for six hours after- wards. His halter should be made of substantia] materials, to prevent his breaking loose whilst confined in the pulleys, pulling the hair out of the end of the tail, and doing himself other injury. A bucket of salt and water may be given twice a week during his con- finement, which will be very grateful to the taste and cooling to the system. 12th. Great pains should be taken to have the weights to the pulleys equal, in order to keep the tail in a per- pendicular direction, and prevent it from turning to either side during the time of healing; as a horse that carries his tail round to one side, instead of being elegantly nicked, is ruined. The wounds, occasionally, should be washed in blue-stone or copperas water, which will cause them to heal rapidly; the horse should have as much green and light food as he can eat, such as bran, oats, &c. Some horses that are nicked in this way, and are pulleyed only four or five days, carry very handsome tails; but I am of opinion. 58 PRICKING. FOXING. 10 ensure success, it is necessary triey should be kept in the pulleys until the wounds are perfectly well. — ~ie@e<~- PRICKING. The pricking a horse has proved to be as useless an operation as it is simple, seldom or never having the desired effect; consequently the practice should be abolished. Many nicked horses fail t-o carry good tails; and much less is it to be expected from a horse that is pricked. I would recommend that the operation should never be performed. -» The eyes of some horses are very subject to films, vhich have been sometimes removed by large bleed- ngs, or the use of double refined loaf sugar, or glass bottle, powdered. Eyes thus affected are much to be dreaded, as it is very difficult to discover them. One hard ride will make a horse blind; and one large bleeding will remove the film. To detect such eyes, examine minutely the corners, as the film leaves those parts of the eye last, and will appear there, when it has been removed from the middle of the eye foi several days. The eyes of a horse are never too large, but very frequently too small ; and when shaped like a pig's, are neither durable nor handsome, and forn\ a serious objection. The wall or white eyes are truly valuable, being much hardier and less subject to disease than e3^es of any other description ; for who ever recollects to have seen a horse blind, or even with diseased eyes. that had wall eyes ? and unquestionably they can see better in the night than a horse without them. 9* i>2 EYES. The eyes of a horse should be large, round, full, lively, dark coloured, clear, and shining, that you may see far into them ; and when moving, but little of ihe white should appear. Dealers in those animals are very apt to endeavour to lead a purchaser from any defect he by chance may discover about a horse, to some part without fault, or some of his best parts ; and as to eyes, speak of them as if they were of little or no consequence. Purchasers should always be on their guard when dealing with men that possess so much artifice and cunning. -me@a« MOON EYES. We sometimes observe the eyes of a horse to change colour, and to vary in appearance monthly. Eyes thus affected, are called moon eyes, from the prevailing opinion that the affection increases or decreases with the course of the moon ; insomuch that in the full moon the eyes are muddy, discharging a thin ichorous water so sharp as sometimes to excoriate the skin, and at new moon clear up again. At first appearance of this disease, the eyes are much swelled, and very often shut, and the whole eyeball of a muddy brown ; the veins of the temple, and near the eyes, appear remark- ably full of blood, and both eyes are seldom affected at the same time. Large bleedings, and the eyes washed frequently in cold water, give temporary relief; but this disease is the forerunner of a cataract, which seldom admits of a cure ; the cases generally end in bhndness of one, if not both eyes. STARTING 6^ The eyes of horses are very frequently wounded and injured by blows, flies, accidents, &c. which can always be distinguished from diseased eyes by a proper examination. To perform a cure, when thus injured, wash them three or four times a day in clean, cold spring water, alter which repeat the washing, adding a small quantity of sugar of lead to the water, when the eye gets strong enough to open of its own accord, in the light. Should a film appear on the surface, (which is absolutely necessary, if the eye has received a wound, before it can heal,) take of double refined loaf sugar, or glass bottle powdered to a fine dust, a small quantity in the end of a quill; blow it in the eye affected, every third morning for a week : bleed at least three times within the week, taking about half a gallon of blood at each bleeding ; if the horse is not disposed to go blind, the cure will in a short time be completed. -i n 9S9<«~- STARTING. Horses, as wed as men, sometimes acquiie bad habits, of which they can but seldom divest themselves. Starting is one among the worst habits a horse can possess, and has a tendency to reduce his value at least one fourth, in consequence of endangering the life oi any person who may back him. A good rider has sometimes been thrown by his horse in starting, that would have defied his agility in any other way. A rider never can guard against a starting horse, as he gives no notice of his intentions, by the moving ol 91 STARTING. his ears, eyes, manner of going, &c. as they generally do in rearing, jumping, kicking, sullenness, and such vices. Some few horses are broke of starting by mild means, others by cruel treatment ; but whoever engages in it, at least runs the risk of breaking his own neck before his object is accomplished. A horse subject to starting, labours under an ocular deception, or rather an optic defect, seeing nothing perfectly, or in proper shape or colour ; and can as easily make a scare-crow of a little bush or chunk, that may happen to lay in his road, as the most frightful object that could meet his sight. To ascertain that a horse starts, is very easy indeed. Mount him yourself, ride first slow, and then fast, towards and by such objects as are offensive to the eye, and you will readily discover if he possesses that bad habit. Some horses that are free from this objection, will notice particularly all objects they meet, and may sidle a little ; but a starting horse, on approaching any object that may displease him, whether frightful or not, will either suddenly spring from one side of the road to the other, jump back, or when going in a full gallop, stop suddenly, turn round, and run in an opposite direction from the one he was going. Such horses are neithei agreeable or safe for any kind of service. STUMBLING. 9# STUMBLING. The stumbling of a horse may be either natural or produced by accidents, such as sphnt, wind galls, sinew strains, shoulder sprains, withers injured, &c. &c. but whether produced by accident or natural defect, cannot be remedied. All horses, and particu- larly those that go well, stumble more or less; but there is a very wide distinction between a light tip or touch on the foot, and a stumble that will bring a horse and sometimes his rider flat in the dirt. Horses given to this practice, are very much lessened in value, and can never be rode by any person aware of his bad quality, without being in pain, dreading every time he lifts his feet, that all will be prostrated in the dust. To ascertain if a horse stumbles, 1st. Examine well his knees, to discover if they are scarred, or the hair knocked off". 2d. Take him amongst uneven ground, small gullies, or old corn ground, and let him be rode with the bridle hanging slack upon his neck, in all the different gaits he has been accustomed to, and if he is in the habit of stumbling, he will very soon make a sufficient number of low bows to convince you of the fact. 3d. When a horse stumbles and immediately spiings off", appearing alarmed, it is a proof that he is an old offender, and is under the apprehension of having one other flogging added to the great number he had, no doubt, receive4 for the same fault. Such a horse 1 consider unsafe, and therefore cannot lecommend him to purchasers ; he being not so good, even for a slow draft, as one possessing more activity. 96 SPAVIN. SPAVIN. A SPAVINED Iiorse may be considered as one com- pletely ruined, for a permanent cure can rarely be effected, if attempted, even on its first appearance. The spavin is a lump, knot, or swelling, on the inside of the hock, below the joint, that benumbs the limbs, and destroys the free use of the hind legs. It causes a horse to be extremely lame, and to experience, apparently, very excruciating pain. In the purchase of a horse, great respect should be paid to his bringing up his hind parts well, as a spavined horse never makes a full step with the leg affected ; also to the shape of his hocks, in order to discover if there is any knot or unnatural prominence about the joint, which is an evidence of the spavin. When a horse is thus diseased, he is unfit for any kind ot service, even the meanest drudgery, being in constant pain, and unable to perform. Horses sometimes have the spavin, when there is no lump apparent near the joint, the disease being seated in the joint. To detect such spavin, and to prevent a cunning fellow (who may have given the animal rest, blistered and bathed the part with double distilled spirits, and formed a temporary relief,) from imposing on a purchaser, have the horse rode in three quarters speed, about one mile out and back, occasionally fretting, cracking, and drawing him up suddenly and short; after which let him be rode in cold water up to the belly ; then p^ace him in a stall without interruption, for about half an hour, by which time he will be perfectly cool ; then have him led out, and moved gently : if he has received a temporary CRIB BITING. 97 cure of the spavin, he will show lameness. A blister of Spanish flies applied to the part affected (after shaving off the hair) with a bath of strong spirits or vinegar, and a week's rest, will frequently suspend the lameness produced by the spavin for a time, but a radical cure mav not be exoected. CRIB BITING. Crib Biting is one amongst the number of bad habits to which some horses are addicted. It consists in his catching hold of the manger, grunting and sucking in wind, until he is almost ready to burst. To discover this vice, it is only necessary to have a horse fed: whenever they eat, at least one half of his victuals is wasted, by their catching hold of the manger, grunting, straining, and swallowing large quantities of wind every two or three mouthfuls, which produces the cholic and other distressing diseases. Whenever this very bad habit is acquired, it is practised as long as the animal lives. Many experi- ments and fruitless attempts have been made to remedy it, but without success. An elegant horse, when once he becomes a crib biter, is reduced in value to little or nothing. He always looks hollow, jaded, and delicate, and is incapable of rendering service in anv situation BROKEN WIND. BROKEN WIND Broken Wind is one amongst the number ot incurable diseases to which the horse is subject. When affected with this disease, he is disagreeable to his rider, and is of but Uttle value, however beautiful or elegant he may be in his appearance. All the boasted pretensions of farriers to cure, are vain and frivolous, since their utmost skill, now and then, can only palliate the symptoms, and mitigate their violence. It is easy to discover a broken winded horse. By giving him a little brisk exercise, he will draw up his ilanks and drop them suddenly, breathe with great difficulty, and make a disagreeable wheezing noise. The seat of the disease appears, from dissection, to be in the lungs; the heart and lungs being found of twice their natural size, which prevents their performing their office with ease, in the action of respiration. Broken wind is sometimes produced in a horse by excessive fatigue, heavy drafts, sudden changes from heat to cold, and other cruel treatment. It would be advisable to dispose of such horses at any price, as they are not worth their feeding. This complaint, I believe, does not admit of perfect cure: but by much care may be greatly relieved. The food should be compact and nutritious, such as corn and old hay. Carrots are excellent in this case, as are parsnips and beet roots, probably on account of the saccharine matter they contain. I have heard that molasses has been given in the water (which should be in very small quantities) with very great success. Some have used tar water ; others praise STRING HALT. 99 the effects of lime water ; but the greatest dependence should be in very sparing supplies of substantial food. The exercise ought to be regular, but never beyond a walking pace. If the symptomatic cough should be troublesome, take away about three quarts of blood every other day. »®9« STRING HALT. The string halt affects horses in their hind legs, and consists in a false action or involuntary use of a muscle, which twitches one of the legs almost up to the belly, and sometimes both. The string halt is produced by a muscle being over strained, or a violent blow on the hind parts. Good rubbing, and baths ol warm vinegar and sweet oil, afford momentary relief, but a permanent cure may not be expected. A horse thus injured, is incapable of faithfully performing a journey, although he may be rode four or five miles without appearing to sink with fatigue. Such a horse is very objectionable, being uneasy to the rider, and must give pain to every person who is in the habit uf seeing him rode. 10 lOP CHEST FOUNDER. CHEST FOUNDER. The chest founder appears to be a disease but little understood by farriers in general ; they are, however, not backward in offering many remedies, and speak of some with much confidence, when they propose performing a cure. But experience has proved, beyond the possibility of a doubt, that the chest founder is one of those dreadful diseases to which the horse is subject, that admits of no cure. 1 can here be of more use, by speaking of its seat, and describing its symptoms to a purchaser, than by pretending there exists, for that disease, a specific medicine, or propose its use to the owner of such an unfortunate animal. The chest founder is sometimes produced by violent exercise on a full stomach, and drinking large quan- tities of cold branch water; by the use of mouldy bran, corn, or oats, or by eating large quantities oi green food, such as oats, wheat, peas, &c. while per- forming hard labour. From dissection, it appears that the seat of the disease is in the lungs ; the heart and liver are also considerably enlarged, insomuch that there is not room for them to perform their office with ease. The liver, lungs, diaphragm, and surrounding parts, are all covered with large brown spots, and are much inflamed. A horse that is chest foundered, will straddle or stake with his fore legs, showing an unwillingness to bring his feet together; and if they are placed near each other, he will not permit them to remain so for a minute. Indeed they are frequently twelve oi NARROW HEELS. 101 eighteen inches apart, which is caused by a fulness, and continual uneasiness about the chest : the cavity being too small to contain the lungs, &c. in their enlarged situation with ease. The hind legs are free from the palsied appearance of those before, and it is not difficult to distinguish it from a common founder, as it is wanting in all its symptoms, except the stiff and numbed appearance ol the legs. Large bleedings and half an ounce of aloes, given internally in a ball, have sometimes afforded momen- tary relief No effectual remedy has yet been dis- covered. A horse labouring under this disease, is worth but little more than his board, as he is unable to bear fatigue, or undergo severe service. — Me@e« NARROW HEELS, Is a disease that often produces lameness without the master of the horse knowing from what cause it proceeds : often examining his legs, cleaning his hoefs^ paring the frogs of his feet, &c. &c. without paying any respect to the shape of the horse's heels, which are always close together and unaturally shaped. A horse with narrow heels is unfit to travel, as he is tender footed, and goes cramped, short, and is al- ways subject to lameness, more or less. Narrow heels is the effect of shoes being permitted to remain on a horse that is not used, for three or four 102 SPLINT. months, which cause the heels to grow together, pinch- ing and confining the coronet. The cure is simple, though tedious. Have his shoes taken off and his feet cut down as small as possible, without injuring the quick ; then turn him out upon a marsh or low ground, where his hoofs may be con- stantly moist for three or four months, and his heels will expand, his hoofs again assume their natural shape, and the horse will be fit for any kind of service. »@e« SPLINT. The splint is a hard lump or excrescence that grows upon the fore legs of a horse between the fetlock and the knee. It is unpleasant to the eye, but seldom does injury, unless situated on the back of the leg and im- mediately under the large tendons, in which case lameness is always produced, and the cure rendered difficult. When the splint is situated in the usual place, and grows so large as to be unfavourable to beauty — to remove it, bathe the part with hot vinegar twice a day, and have the knot or splint rubbed with a smooth round stick, after bathing for ten or fifteen minutes ; by the expiration of a week the knot will perceptibly decrease in size, and finally, in a short time will disappear. — But should such means not have the desired effect, shave off the hair over the lump, and apply a blister of Spanish flies, which in a short time will effectually remove it. LAMP ASS. ]03 The splint, when first making its appearance, will cause a horse to limp a little: and, as he advances in years, may stiffen him, and cause him to stumble. But I have never known any serious injury to result from such an excrescence, unless placed beneath the large tendons. »®e« LAMPASS. All young horses are subject to the lampass, and some suffer extremely before it is discovered. It is a swelling or enlarging of the gums on the inside of the upper jaw : the growth is sometimes so luxuriant as to prevent a horse from eating with any comfort. The cure is simple; and after .being per- formed, a horse will improve in his condition with great rapidity. Take a hot iron, flat, sharp, and a little crooked at the end, burn the lampass out just below the level of the teeth, using great care to prevent the hot iron from bearing or resting upon the teeth. After the operation is performed, the horse should be given a little bran or meal, with a small quantity of salt in it. Some farriers have recommended cutting for the lampass, which only gives momentary relief, and would require the same operation to be performed every three or four months ; but when it is once burnt out, it never again makes its appearance. 10* 104 WIND GALLS. WIND GALLS. Wind Galls are spongy and flatulent humoui ^:, tiiat make their appearance on both sides of the lei;s, just above the pastern joint or fetlock. It is seldom that a horse is found entirely clear of them, particularly about the hind legs, if he be much used. They are produced by hard usage, strains, bruises, &c. &c. of the back sinews or the sheath thai covers them, which by being over-stretched, have some of their fibres ruptured; whence probably may ooze out the fluid which is commonly found with the included air. When wind galls make their first appearance, they are easily cured by a bath and bandage. Boil vcd oak bark to a strong decoction, add some sharp vinegar and a little alum, let the parts be fomented twice a day, warm as the hand can be held in it ; then take a woollen cloth, dip it in the bath, and bind the ancle up, tight as possible, without giving pain to the horse. Should this method not succeed, after a thorough trial, the swelled or puffed parts may be opened with a sharp knife ; but blistering with flies is less dangerous, and generally attended with equal success. Wind galls give to a horse a gouty and clumsy appearance ; but I have never known lameness pro- duced by them, or any other injury, except that of stiffening his legs as he advances in years. They furnish strong proof that the animal has rendered much service. FARCV. 10f« FARCY. The farcy is a contagious disease among iiorses, and is more to be dreaded than any malady to which they are subject. It sometimes makes its appearance on a particular part, v'hile at other times it spreads its horrid ravages through the whole system. It may be found in the neighbourhood of each bloodvessel, following the track of the veins, and when inveterate, appears to thicken their coats and integuments. Its characteristics are a fulness and hardness of the veins, a number of small lumps or buds on the limbs or lower parts of the body, which at first appearance are hard, but soon turn into soft blisters, and which (when broken) discharge an oily or bloody ichor, and turn into foul, spreading ulcers. In some horses it appears in the head only, in others near the external jugular or plate veins, inside the fore arms, on the hind parts, near the large veins inside the thighs, about the pasterns, and parti- cularly about the knees of the horse, which are fre- quently swelled until they appear deformed. The poison of the farcy appears to be slow in its operation, as a horse will frequently linger and dwindle away for six or nine months, and the ulcers increase in number and size, until the flesh appears almost dis- posed to fall from the bones, before life is destroyed, The appetite of a horse thus diseased is generally good to the last, but his hair looks dead, and his eyes sad and desponding. The farcy, in its first stage, readily admits of a cure : but after running on a horse for a length oi time^ 100 FARCY. and tlie absorbents or lymphatics about the ulcers become inflamed from an absorption of poisonous mat- ter, the cure is rendered extremely diflicult. Whenever the farcy rises on the spine, it shows great malignancy, and is considered dangerous, parti- cularly to horses that are fat, and full of blood. Wher. it is general in the system, as is sometimes the case, it rises on several parts of the body at once, forming many large and foul ulcers, causing a profuse running of greenish corrupted matter from both nostrils, and soon terminates the existence of the animal by general mortification. In the low^er limbs the farcy sometimes remains concealed for a great length of time, and makes so slow a progress that it is often mistaken for a vv^ound, or some other disease. A single bud vv^ill sometimes appear opposite the pastern joint, and run upwards in an uneven and knotty form ; and unless some steps are taken to check its progress, it will slowly steal upon the animal until it becomes general in the sys- tem, and finally centres in the lungs ; shortly after which a gangrene ensues, and the horse is unburdened of a life that is not only painful to himself, but to all that behold him. To effect a cure in this distressing disease, in its first stage bleed three times the first week, taking half a gallon of blood at each bleeding, feed principally on bran, oats, or any food easily digested, and the long food green, (if to be had ;) remove all filth from or about the staole, taking care to keep it neat and clean afterwards ; give three mashes a week, of bran, scalded with sassafras tea, one table spoonful of powdered Drimstone, and one tea spoonful of saltpetre, (not per- FARCY. 107 mitting the horse to drink for six hours afterwards,) take half an ounce of asafoetida, which can be pro- cured in any apothecary's shop; wrap it in a clean linen rag, and nail it in the bottom of the manger in which he is fed ; all his drink must be equal quantities of sassafras boiled in water to a strong decoction, and half an ounce of asafoetida should be placed in his watering bucket in the same manner as directed for the manger; the buds or ulcers should be washed once a day with blue-stone or copperas water, and if the knees or ancles are swelled, spread on a piece of buck- skin mercurial ointment, and bind them up as tight as possible without giving pain. The second week bleed twice, taking half a gallon of blood each bleeding, if the horse is in tolerable order ; or if poor, only half the quantity; give the same number of mashes as directed for the first week, also the same drink, taking care to renew the asafoetida in the man- ger and bucket, should it be sufficiently exhausted to require it. The third week bleed but once, taking one quart of blood ; in other respects observe the same treatment as directed for the first and second weeks. The horse should be moderately exercised about a mile, twice a day, and occasionally should be offered a little hom- mony, as a change of food, to keep up his appetite. By the time your attentions for the third week expire, if the disease is only local, it will not only be removed, but the plight of the horse will be much improved. When the farcy make its appearance epidemically, the cure is rendered difficult, and will require the aid of more active medicine. Prepare and give to a horse 108 FARCY. thus diseased, a ball, every night for a week, com- posed of twenty-five grains of calomel, a quarter of an ounce of powdered fennel seed, a small quantity of syrup of any kind, and as much crumb of loaf bread as will make a ball about the size of an English walnut; all buds or ulcers should be washed clean in blue-stone water, after which they should be well rubbed around with mercurial ointment once a day ; a narrow pitch plaster should be laid on at the joining of the head and neck, in the direction of the throat latch, for the purpose of taking off the hair, which will happen in two or three days; after which, a lump of mercu- rial ointment, about the size of a hickory nut, must be rubbed on the naked part, amongst the large glands of the throat, until it is entirely absorbed, every night and morning, until the expiration of the week ; added to which, the treatment generally may be the same as before recommended in the more simple stage of the farcy, with these exceptions; — the drink should never be cold, but the air taken off, or milk warm ; the mashes without sulphur, during the week the balls are given, as the sulphur counteracts the effects of the calomel and ointment ; he should not be bled, and great care should be used to prevent his getting wet, and catching cold in any way while under the course of physic. At the expiration of the first week, stop with the balls and ointment for a week, adding sulphur to the mashes, as directed in the first stage of farcy. At the expiration of the second week, stop with the sulphur, and again commence with the balls and ointment. Go on in this manner, continuing to change the medicine each week, until the cure is performed. FARCY. ]09 It may sometimes happen that a horse's mouth will become sore before the expiration of a week, when taking the balls and using the ointment. Whenever this is discovered, stop with the balls, and add sulphur to the mashes, which will readily remove the soreness about the mouth. The farcy is so contagious that it often destroys horses of every description upon a plantation, and leaves the plough of industry standing still in the far- mer's field. Not long since, a gentlemen in the county of Sussex, lost upwards of forty horses by this fatal disease, without being able to save one. For the Denefit of those who have more than one horse, I would recommend the use of asafoetida in the manger, watering bucket, and to the bridle bit, to prevent the farcy from dealing out destruction to their whole stock. I have made a fair experiment with this simple preventive, by placing a horse violently affected with it, and which fell a victim to it, in the same stable with one in health, without any ill consequences resulting from their contiguous situation. The farcy has visited several farms within the United States, with effects so dreadful, as not only te desti'oy every one of the species, without respect tc age, but even occupied in triumph the walks and resting places of its prey. Nor could the disease be diverted from its stand, or completely eradicated, until stables, shelters, pens, litter, straw, &;c. &c. were entirely consumed and reduced to ashes. 1 10 RING BONE. — FOUNDER. RING BONE. The ring bone partakes of the nature of the spavin, and frequently proceeds fronn the same cause. It makes its appearance on the lower part of the pastern, and sometimes immediately opposite the coffin joint. It is a hard and bony substance, and generally reaches half way round the ancle, which gives to the ancle an unnatural appearance, and causes the horse to go stiff and lame. Its name has proceeded from its resem- blance to a ring. It seldom admits of a cure, conse- quently a horse diseased with it is worth but little. When the ring bone first makes its appearance, blisters of flies have sometimes been employed with success. But after growing to full size, and remaining some length of time, to offer a remedy would be de- ceitful and presumptuous. Remedy. — A strong preparation of corrosive subli- mate added to Spanish flies and Venice turpentine, and mixed with hog's lard, will often dissolve a ring bone, &c. FOUNDER. The injury sustained by horses, called founder, is sometimes the effect of the cruelty of his master, and at other times brought on by injudicious treatment ; but it most frequently produced by carelessness, or FOUNDER. Ill a want of knowledge of the treatment necessary to those excellent animals on a journey. Although the horse is endowed with the strength and powers of the lion, yet he seldom exerts either to the prejudice of his master. On the contrary, he shares with him in his labours, and seems to participate with him in his pleasures. Generous and persevering, he gives up his whole powers to the service of his master; and though bold and intrepid, he represses the natural fire and vivacity of his temper, and not only yields to the hand, but seems to consult the incUnation of his rider. But it must continue to be a matter of regret to every feeling mind, that these excellent qualities should be so often shamefully abused in the most unnecessary exertions ; and the honest lalxiurs of this noble animal thrown away in the ungrateful task of accomplishing the purposes of an unfeeling folly, or lavished in grati- fying the expectations of an intemperate moment. A horse may be foundered by excessive hard rides, permitting him to plunge deep into cold water, while hot and sweating, and drinking his fill of cold pond water, eating large quantities of new corn and fodder, and then briskly exercised ; over feeding with bran alone whilst performing hard labour, drinking plenti- fully at every branch in travelling, feeding with more than a horse can eat after being half starved, violent exercise on a full belly, or not permitting a horse who has travelled in a hot sun all day, to cool thoroughly, before he is given as much as he can eat, drink, &c. Symptoms of a Founder. — The symptoms that indi- cate an approaching founder, are so few and so common, that the most ignorant persons will rarely be 11 1 12 FOUNDER. mistaken. Great heat about the legs, pasterns, and ears, a soreness in the feet, together with a stiffness so great in all his limbs that the animal frequently refuses to move, unless force is used ; his flanks and lower part of his belly draws up, his hide becomes bound or tight, his legs thrown a little more forward than in his usual or natural position ; a constant thirst, and very often a considerable swelling of the ancles, &c. &c. Remedy for a Founder. — So soon as you are con- vinced that your horse is foundered, take Irom his neck vein at least one gallon of blood ; give a drench of one quart strong sassafras tea, one table spoonful of saltpetre, and a quarter of an ounce of asafoetida, and do not permit him to drink for five or six hours ; at the expiration of which time, should he not be evidently better, repeat the bleeding, taking half a gallon of blood, and give another drench: at night offer him some bran or oats, scalded with sassafras tea, and if it can be procured, let him have green food, fresh from the field, for it has the happy effect of opening the bowels, and cooling the system : his feet should be nicely cleaned out, and stuffed with fresh cow manure: his drink should be at least one half sassafras tea, with a small handful of salt thrown therein. By the morning, should the horse be better, nothing further is necessary, only being careful not to over feed him. But should there be no change for the better, tie a small cord just above his knees, and with a lancet or fleam bleed in a vein that runs around the coronet, just above the hoof; take from each leg a pint of blood: give a pound of salts dissolved in three half pints of water, in form of a drench ; keep his feet stuffed with fresh cow manure, and bathe his legs with COLIC OR GRIPES. 1 J 3 equal parts of sharp vinegar, spirits and sweet oi! or lard. By attention to these directions, in two or three days the horse will again be fit for service. A horse in this unpleasant situation requires great attention. Whenever they are foundered, they search for a bank of manure to stand on, which should al- ways be prevented, as its heat increases the fever. Horses slightly foundered, have sometimes been cured in a few hours, by standing them in pond water or mud, or by bleeding in the mouth, but those reme- dies are uncertain, and are not so much to be relied on as those first recommended. A foundered horse is generally very much reduced in flesh, before a cure is effected ; and is always more subject to founder afterwards. Large ridges on the hoofs, or a turning up of the feet, are strong indications of old founders or other injuries. »@e« COLIC OR GRIPES. The colic is a disease to which the horse is very subject ; and as often proves fatal, in consequence of improper treatment, as any disease attendant on that animal. It may be produced by improper feeding, watering, or riding, and sometimes by a want of energy in the stomach and bowels, occasioning a spasmodic con* striction of the intestines, and a confiinement of air. Some horses are naturally disposed to colic, while I 14 COLIC OR GRIPES. olhors, even with improper treatment, are seldom or never attacked with that dangerous disease. Tile pangs of the colic appear so excruciating, and all the symptoms so violent, as to alarm, generally, those unaccustomed to it, and cause them to be appre- hensive of dangerous consequences ; but by using the remedies I shall here offer, the cure will be made easy, and the animal speedily relieved from this painful situation. Symptoms. — The symptoms of the colic commence with great restlessness and uneasiness in the horse's manner of standing, frequently pawing, voids small quantities of excrement, and makes many fruitless attempts to stale : kicks his belly with his hind legs : often looks round to his flanks, groaning, expressive of the pain he feels : lies down, rolls, gets up again, and sometimes for a moment, appears to find relief. But the pain soon returns with double violence : his ears are generally cold, and he often sweats about the flanks and shoulders : his body swelled, and he fre- quently shows a disposition to lay down in great haste. A Table for distinguishing between the Colic or Gripes, and in- finmmation of the Bowels of Horses, by the symptoms that mark the character of each. Spasmodic or Flatulent Colic. Inflammation of the Boicels. 1. Pulse natural, though some- 1. Pulse very quick and small, limes a little lower. (1) (2) 2. The horse lies down and 2. He lies down and suddenly rolls upon his back. rises up again, seldom rolling upon his back. 3. The legs and ears are gene- 3. Legs and cars generally rally warm. cold. 4. Attacks suddenly, is never 4. In general, attacks gradual, ereceded, and seldom accompa- ly, is commonly preceded, and luei by any symptoms of fever, always accompanied by symp- toms of fever. 5. There are frequently short 5. No intermissions can Ve ob. intermissions served. COiiiC OR GRIPES. I'l^S (1) Pulse Natural. — When in health, the pulsa- tions or strokes are from thirty-six to forty in a minute ; those of large, heavy horses being slower than those of the smaller; and those of old ones, slower than those of young animals. When either are just off a quick pace, the strokes increase in number; as they do if he be alarmed or animated, by the familiar cry of the hounds. (2) Pulse very quick and small. — Fever, if the simple or common kind, usually increases the pulsations ~to double the healthy number. As the fever increases in violence, and particularly in cases of inflammation of the bowels, the pulse beats still higher, and reaches to a hundred in a minute, or more. To ascertain either state, the attendant should apply the points of his fingers gently to the artery which lies nearest the surface. Some prefer consulting the temporal artery, which is situated about an inch and a half backward from the corner of the eye. Others again, and they are the greater number, think it best to feel it underneath the edge of the jaw bone, where the facial artery passes on under the skin only to the side of the face. In either case, too great pressure would stop the pulsation altogether ; though by so trying the artery against the law bone, will prove whether it be in such a rigid state of excitement as attends high fever; or elastic and springy, slipping readily from under the finger, as it does when health prevails, and the strokes follow each other regularly. The presence of high ferer is further indi- cated by a kind of twang, or vibration, given by the pulse against the finger points, resembling much such as would be felt were we to take hold of a distended whip cord or wire between the fingers and cause it to vibrate like a fiddlestring, sharplv Whereas, in U* 116 COLIC OR GRIPES. health, a swell is feU in the vibration, as if the string were made of soft materials, and less straitened. Languid or slow piJse, and scarcely perceptible in some of the beats or strokes, indicates lowncss of spirits, debility, or being used up : if this languor be felt at intervals only, a few strokes being very quick, and then again a few very slow, this indicates loxvfever,'\\\ which bleeding would do no harm, &c. — [^1. Turf. R. ^ S. ^lag.l Remedies. — Number 1. Take from the neck vein half a gallon of blood ; take of laudanum one ounce, oi mint tea one quart, milk warm ; mix them well in a bottle, and give the contents as a di-ench ; let the Iiorse be well rubbed under the belly, and prepare and give an injection of meal, water, molasses, salt, and hog's lard, milk warm. Number 2. Take of mint tea one and a half pints ; gin, or any spirituous liquor, half a pint ; mix liiem well in a bottle, and give them as a drench, taking care to rub him well. Should it not have the desired effect in fifteen minutes, repeat the dose. Number 3. Take of camphor a quarter of an ounce oil of turpentine half an ounce, mint tea one pint ; mi? them in a bottle, and give them as a drench. Confine the horse in a close stable, cover him with three or four blankets, and under his belly place a large tub of boiling water, which will readily throw him into a profuse sweat, and relieve him from pain. Nzimbei' i. In addition to the above, clysters ought to be administered, by injecting the following ingre- dients, viz. : water half a gallon, salt one handful, oil of any kind one pint, molasses one pint; mix the whole, and inject it; and repeat it every half hour, until die bowels are well opened. SCRATCHES. 117 SCRATCHES. The scratches is a disease "which soon places a horse in such a situation as to render him unfit for any kind of service. When it is permitted to run upon a horse for a length of time, without any remedy bemg applied, the ankles and legs swell very much, and lameness is produced in so great a degree, that he is scarcely able to move. The scratches are produced from many dilTerent causes, as hard riding, dirty stables, legs left wet at night without being rubbed, standing in his own ma- nure or mud, in the stall where he is confined, &c. &c. Although much inflammation may appear, and the disease discover much inveteracy, the cure is not difljcult. IIemedies. — Number 1. — Remove the horse to a clean stall : with strong soap suds wash his legs and ankles nicely; clean out his feet; then wash every part, inflamed or sore, in strong copperas water, twice a day, until the cure is performed : take half a gallon of blood from the neck vein, and give a mash twice a week, of one gallon of bran, one tea spoonful of salt- petre, and one table spoonful of powdered brimstone. Great attention should be paid to the cleanliness of the stable. Number 2. After the horse is placed in a clean stall and his legs and ankles nicely washed with warm soap suds, take of blue-stone, one ounce ; of alum, four ounces, to which add half a gallon of strong de- coction of red oak bark, siir them together until the alum and blue-stone are dissolved ; then wash the cracks, sores, or inflamed parts, twice a day, and the J 18 noTf5 on ortihs. cure will be ofToctod in a very sliort time. Light or I'Tocii food would bo preferable to any other, for a horsv^ tiius diseased, until the (uu'C is performed. A'^/a/iber 3. After washing the legs and ankles clean wilh soap suds, talu^ of llower of sulpluu' or powdered brinisione, one tal)le spoonl"ul ; hog's lard, one table spoonful; mix them well together, and anoint the sores and parts inflamed twice a day. A horse will get Will much sooner conlined in a clean stall, than by running at large. A'^i/mhcr •!. Boil jioke-rtjot to a strong decoction, and l)alhe the ankles twice a day. In all cases a clean stable will aid you much in making a (]uick cure of the scratches. BOTS OR CRUBS. The bots or grubs arc small worms that arc found in the stomach ; their colour is brown or reddish, and they seldom exceed three quarters of an inch in length. At one extremity they have two small hooks, by which they attach themselves, and the belly appears to be covered with very small feet. They arc most fre- quently found adhering to the insensible coat of the stomach, and then they do not appear to cause any considerable uneasiness or inconvenience. Sometimes however, they attach themselves to the sensible part, and do great injury to that important organ, jiroducing irritation, emaciation, a rough coat of hair, iiide bound and cough. It is astonishing with what force these worms adhere, and how tenmcious they are of life. HOTS OR GRUBS, 1 Jj-U It is provcil l)(!yoii(l doubt, by experiments inada, that this vvonn, like the caterpilhir, uiiderifoes several chan,i:fes. ]t is oiiifiiially a 11}', which deposits its e;L^gs in the horse's coat, causes an itehiiit^r, and induces him to bit(; the part. In this way he swallows the eggs, wliitdi by ihe h(;at of the stomach are brought into life, and are sometimes so luanerous as to cat their way entirely through the stomach and destroy the animal. Indeed they seldom fail to atta(;k a hoise with great violence, whenever his stomach is empty, and endanger his life. Numberless experiments have been made upon the grubs, after they have been taken from a horse that had died, to discover what medicine would soonest destroy their lives, that could be safely given. But all endeavours as yet upon that subject, have been fruit- less. It appears that they will live in any njcdicino that can be given to a horse, nearly as long as they can live without eating. All the benefit that results from experience on this subject, to me, merely serves to break the hold and expel those dangerous worms, when they are so mischievously engaged. After describing the symptoms attending the grubs, I shall offer some remedies which have saved the lives of many horses. Sj/mptoms. — A horse attacked by the grubs, fre- quently lies down and looks round to his shoulders, groans, whips his tail between his hind legs, frequently turns up his upper li]), and has a very hot lever, which may be discovered by feeling his ears. Remedies. — No. 1. Take of copperas two table spoonfuls; water milk warm, one pint; dissolve the 120 DOTS OR GRUBS. cdppcrn?, and give it as a drench. If the horse is not relieved in fifteen minutes, repeat the dose. No. 2. TaivO of linseed or sturgeon's oil, one pint, and give it as a drench. If the horse is not relieved in fifteen minutes, repeat the dose. No. 3. Take of molasses, one pint ; milk, one pint : give it as a drench, and repeat the dose. No. 4. Take of fresh meat of any kind (raw) half a pound, cut it into four or five pieces, and force it down the horse's throat; it will immediately induce the m-ubs to break their hold. No. 5. Take two ounces of iEthiop's mineral and give it to your horse in his feed, and in a day or two afterwai'ds give him a purge ; then you may give him a decoction of bitter herbs, to prevent their return. No. G. Give your horse (after taking molasses and milk) a quart or two of fish or beef brine, as a drench. From recent experiments, salt appears to have the property of killing worms : tiiese insects placed in a solution of this substance die immediately. No. 7. Drench the horse with half an ounce of salt- petre dissoked in common water, and in about fifteen minutes drench with half an ounce of alum dissolved in like manner. Let the horse have no water for twentj^-four hours after. An active purge will be absolutely necessary nnme- diately after the use of either of the above remedies. One pint of soft soap added to a pint of molasses, with a handful of salt, will answer very well. Re- peat the dose, should it not operate in four or five nours. HOOKS OR HAWS. 181 HOOKS OR HAWS. The hooks or haws in a horse, is the growing of a horny substance upon the inner edge of the washer oi caruncle of the eye, which may be found in the inner corner next to tiie nose. When this disease makes its appearance, the washer or caruncle is enlarged with great rapidity, and the ligament that runs along the edge of this membrane, becomes extremely hard, or like a cartilage, and whenever it arises to this state, it draws, compi'esses, and causes great pain to the eyes, produces a tightness of the skin, a stifiiiess of the hind legs, and finally a general spasmodic affection through- out the whole system. As the eyes of a horse are often inflamed, and some- times diseased, without their having the hooks, for the purpose of ascertaining the fact, take hold of the bridlf, and raise the horse's head as high as you can wiili convenience reach: if he i.s diseased with the hooks, tlio washer or carunck; ol llic tye, while his head is raised up, will covei it knst one Iialf the surfu e of the eye ball. When this is the case, lake a common sized needle with a strong thread, place on the horse's nose a twitcli, to prevent his moving; then take in your thumb and finger the washer or caruncle of the eye, and pass the needle through it about a quarter of an inch from the outer edge, and inside the liuniy substance; draw it gently with the needle and thread, until you have a fair chance of performing the operation; then with a sharp knife cut the piece out, taken uj> with the needle, which must not be larger than one fuui'th the size of a four pence half penny ; 1 22 " HOOKS OR HAWS. wash the eyes for two or three mornings with salt aud water, bathe his legs up to his belly in equal parts of warm vinegar, spirit and oil, or fresh butter, and give a mash of one and a half gallons of bran or oats, one table spoonful floui of sulphur, one tea spoonful salt- petre, and the cure will be performed in all probability in four or five days. Great care should be taken not to cut too large a piece from the caruncle, as it disfigures the eyes, and sometimes produces blindness. ON CUTTING OUT HOOKS OR HAWS. "Before I was acquainted with this subject, two years ago, I had two fine young horses sacrificed to this mistaken and ruinous operation. Ignorant quacks do not know that the horse has a membrane peculiar to the animal, which is at pleasure drawn over the eye. The enlargement of this, by a fever, produces the appearance, which, in jockey slang, is called the hooks. Reduce the fever by depletion, such as bleed- ing plentifully, purging, &c. and have the horse well rubbed, and the hooks will disappear ; that is, the membrane is restored to its natural size and office, which is to clear the eye from dust, &c. accidentally entering it. I need not mention the cutting out of (his useful membrane unnecessary, as I have proved the uselessness of this operation, by restoring a horse without It a few days ago. W. V. MUKf^AY" STRANGLES. 15^3 STRANGLES. The strangles is a disease to which horses are \ cry subject, particularly those that are young. It consists in a running at the nose, and an inflammation and swelling of the glands, about the under jaw and throat. It is sometimes attended with high fevers, destroys the appetite, causes a horse to look sad and dejected, and dwindle away in an astonishing manner. Sometimes the inflammation extends to the muscles of the tongue, and is attended with so much heat and pain, that until matter is found, the horse swallows with the utmost difficulty, unless his drink is held up to him. The strangles proceed from many causes, violent colds, sudden changes of air or climate, extreme hard labour after habits of idleness, shedding teeth, or what- ever may produce pain, or bring on a flux of humours at any critical time upon the throat and jaws, and like most other diseases, requires strict attention, for the cure to be performed in a short time. Symptoms of the Strangles. — The approach of the strangles may be known by a dulness of the counte- nance, watery eyes, a distressing cough, running at the nose, glands enlarged beyond the jaws, loss of appetite, and a constant thirst, without being able to drink, unless the water is placed as high as his head, in its natural position. Remedy. — Bleed four times within a wxek, taking from the neck vein half a gallon of blood at each bleed- ing; give a mash twice a week, of one gallon of bran or oats, scalded with one quart of sassafras tea, with the addition of one table spoonful of powdered brim 12 124 STONE OR GRAVEL. Stone, and one tea spoonful of saltpetre. Take of asafoetida half an ounce, divide it, placing one half in his manger, the other in his watering bucket. Feed principally with green food, if to be had, if not, such as is light, cooling, and easily digested. -»t«@e'K— STONE OR GRAVEL IN THE BLADDER. Fortunately the stone is a disease not very com- mon amongst horses ; but whenever it makes its appear- ance, unless some remedy is immediately employed, '.ts consequences are to be much dreaded. It consists in small gravel or stones being lodged in the bladder, which prevents a free discharge of urine, and produces the most excruciating pain. The horse will Unger and pine away, until he can scarcely support the burden of hfe. As the stone is a disease which has but seldom, if ever, struck the attention of farriers, I consider myself fortunate in being able to offer to the public a simple remedy, which has been employed with astonishing success by a gentleman in a neighbouring county. In one case, when the following remedy was used, three .stones and a quantity of grit was discharged from the bladder. Symptoms. — Frequent stretching, groaning, and many fruitless attempts to pass water, which will finally be discharged by a few drops at a time, with great apparent pain, a shrinking of the flesh, although the appetite is good, no fever, but a dull, sluggish, and sleepy appearance, wanting much in his usual spirits. YELLOW WATER. 125 Remedy. — Take of marsh-mallows, water melon seed, and asparagus, of each two large handfuls, boil them in three quarts of water to one quart, and add one tea spoonful of saltpetre, and give the whole as a drench, after being nicely strained. Take of sweet oil or fresh butter one table spoonful, grease his sheath, and draw out gently and grease his penis, also grease the large seam from the penis up near the anus ; and with the hand, bearing a little, stroke the seam downwards to the end of the penis, for ten minutes every hour, until the horse has a urinary discharge ; which, in all probability, will take place in one or two hours after taking the drench. Should some blood be passed, it may be no cause of alarm, and will clearly prove there is gravel in the urinary passages. Repeat the drench in three hours, should the desired effect not be produced. — •»« m 9«— YELLOW WATER. The yellow water is very common in the western country among horses ; and being infectious, is some- times brought into this state by drove horses. It is extremely fatal in its consequences, unless some remedy is employed shortly after it makes its appearance. For the benefit of the public, I consider myself fortunate to be able to recommend such medicines for its cure as have been fairly tried, by a gentleman of Brunswick, and proved effectual. 126 INFECTIOUS DISEASES. Symptoms of Yellow Water. — The characteristics of this disease, are a dusky yellowness of the eyes, lips, and bars of the mouth; a dull, sluggish, appear- ance ; a loss of appetite ; the excrement hard, dry, yellow, and sometimes of a pale or light green ; the urine uncommonly dark, of a dirty brown colour, and when discharged a length of time, has the appearance of blood. Remedy. — Take of asafcetida one ounce; campho- rated spirits, four table spoonfuls ; warm water one pint; mix and give them as a drench, for three or four mornings successively. Take of bran one and a hall gallons, flour of sulphur one table spoonful, antimony twenty grains, saltpetre twenty grains ; mix them well together, and, with a strong decoction of sassafras, scald the bran, forming a mash, which must be given three nights in a week, not permitting the horse to get wet, or drink water, except it is milk warm. His stable should be a comfortable one, and he should have a clean bed of straw placed under him. Bleed twice in the neck vein, taking half a gallon of blood at each bleeding, within the week; let his exercise be regular and moderate, and by the expiration of nine or ten days, the cure, in all probability, will be performed. te^e*' TO PREVENT INFECTIOUS DISEASES. As most diseases that are infectious endanger the life of a horse, I consider it important to every owner of those useful animals, to be able to use a medicine that W'll act against or prevent those diseases that are INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 127 contagious. 1 have been in the habit of owning from one to eight horses at a time, for fifteen years, and in all that time never lost a horse. I cannot help believ- ing my success, in this respect, has been much in- debted to the constant use of the asafoetida, which 1 consider one of the most valuable and innocent medi- cines ever used amongst horses. It not only drives off diseases of almost every kind, but it keeps up the appetite, produces a remarkable fineness in the coat ot hair, and gives such life and spirits as to induce even an old horse to attempt the attitudes and movements of the gay and mettled racer. The value of the asafoetida is at present but little known for the use of horses; but whenever it shall have been used or brought into notice, its remarkable effects, no doubt, will prove what I now say. Its virtues are acknowledged and remembered with pleasure, by all those who have used it in their stables. The asafoetida is produced from a plant called perennial, and is a native of Persia: it has, however, borne fertile seeds, in the open air, in the botanical garden of Edinburgh. The gum resin is produced from the roots of plants which are at least four years old. When the leaves begin to decay, the stalk i". twisted off and the earth removed from about thei? large tapering roots. The top of the root is some time afterwards cut ofT transversely, and forty-eight hours afterwards the juice which has exuded, is scraped off, and a second transverse incision is made : this opera- tion is repeated until the root is entirely exhausted of juice: after being scraped off, the juice is exposed to the sun to harden. It is brought to us in large irregular masses, composed of various little shining lumps or grains, which are partly of a whitish colour, partly red- 12* 128 INFECTIOUS DISEASES. dish, and partly of a violet hue; those masses are accounted best which are clear, or a pale reddish co- lour, and variegated with a number of elegant white tears. This drug has a strong fetid smell, somewhat like that of the garlic, and a bitter acid, biting taste. The smell resides entirely in the essential oil, which arises in distillation. It is the most powerful of all the fetid gums, and is a most valuable medicine. It acts as a stimulant, anti-spasmodic, expectorant, emmenagogue, and anthelmintic, and its action is quick and pene- trating. When a small piece of the asafcetida has been placed in the manger of a horse in health, I have known him to stand for months in a stall next to one violently diseased without taking the infection, or any ill con- sequence resulting from their contiguous situation. Preventive. — Take of asafoetida, one ounce, divide it and wrap each piece in a clean linen rag; nail one in the bottom of the manger the horse is fed in, the other in the bottom of the bucket in which he is watered. The above quantity will last about three months ; at the expiration of which time it must be replenished. A small piece confined to the bridle bit, will have the same effect when a horse goes from home, or enters on a journey. »@e« GRAVEL IN THE HOOFS. The gravel in the hoof is an incident that happens to horses in travelling, and is brought on by small stones or grit getting between the hoof and shoe, set- tUng to the quick, and then inflame and fester ; it pro- WOUNDS. 129 duces lameness and causes a horse to undergo very excruciating pain. The first step necessary for a horse's reUef is, to have his shoes taken off and get the stone out. You may readily ascertain where they lie, by pressing the edge of the hoof with a pair of pincers. After all the gravel is removed, which may be known by a discontinuation of the blackness of the place, the wound caused by cutting for the gravel may be easily healed by melting together equal parts of bees- wax, rosin, fresh butter or sweet oil, and pouring the mixture on the wound, warm as the animal can bear it, without giving pain. Then warm a little tar or pitch, and pour a small quantity over the wound and its neighbouring parts, to keep out the dust and defend the foot from any hard substance for a few days, by which time it will get well. -me@e« WOUNDS. A WOUND is generally defined a separation of the parts in any member of the animal body by some instrument. In all fresh wounds made by cutting instruments, there is nothing more required than bring- ing the lips of the wound into contact, by sewing a bandage, provided the part will allow of it. For wounds of the hips, or other prominent parts, and across some of the large muscles, the stitches are apt to burst by the horse's lying down and getting up in the stall. In such cases the lips of the wound should not be brought close together — one stitch is enough 1 30 WOUNBS. for a wound two inches long, but in large wounds ihey should be an inch or more apart. Should the wound bleed much from an artery's being divided, it will be necessary to secure it by pas- sing a crooked needle underneath, and tying it with a waxed thread ; but if the artery cannot be got at in this way, apply a small quantity of flour and salt to the mouth of the bleeding vessel, which will very soon have the desired effect. Care should be taken to keep it there, by proper compress or bandage, until a scar, scab, or crust is formed, otherwise it will elude your expectations, and frequently alarm you with fresh bleedings. After the lips of the wound are brought together, by this needle or bandage, it needs only to be covered with rags, dipped in spirits of any kind, or spirits of turpentine, and a little lint placed lightly within the edges of the wound, taking great care to keep it entirely clean, with strong soap suds, and as free from motion as possible. Whenever a wound be- comes much swelled or inflamed, or discovers marks of mortification, frequent bleedings and the applica- tion of a red oak poultice or mush, will have a won- derful effect. Should the wound be disposed to heal very rapidly, and turn out what is termed proud flesh, by washing it with a little blue-stone water, it will, in a very short time, shut in, and the wound entirely heal. The cure of most wounds is effected by the simplest methods, and it is often of much more consequence to know how to dress a wound, than what to dress it with, and in this consists the chief art of this branch of surgery ; for the most eminent in that profession have long discovered that a variety of ointments, valves, and grease, are unnecessary in the cures of most wounds and sores, and they have accordingly WOUNDS. 131 discarded the greatest part formerly in repute for that purpose ; repeated observations having taught them, that after digestion, or after heahhy matter is formed, nature is disposed to heal up the w^ound fast enougii herself. Some respect should be paid to the diet of a horse, as bran, oats, and green food keep the bowels open, and are free from that heat which the use of corn and fodder will produce in the system. I will here offer a few more simples that have proved beneficial in the cure of wounds, sores, &c. The first operation necessary in all sores, wounds, &c. about a horse is, to remove all dirt, matter or extraneous bodies, with strong soap suds, after which, No. 1. Take of spirits, half a pint ; alum, one ounce ; honey, one gill ; mix them well togethei', and wash the wound night and morning. No, 2. Take of copperas, two ounces ; clean water, one quart ; wash the wound or sore twice a day. No. 3. Take of sugar of lead, a quarter of an ounce ; fair water, one quart ; use it twice a day. No. 4. Take spirits of turpentine and wet the wound once a day. No. 5. Take of blue-stone, a quarter of an ounce ; fair water, one quart ; wash the wound every morning. Punctured wounds, from thorns or other accidents, are generally of the most painful kind, and require great attention ; a bread and milk poultice, or a mush made by boiling red oak bark to a strong decoction, beating the bark very fine and throwing in as much corn meal as will make it of proper consistency, should be applied until healthy matter appears, to gether with fomentations : after which, to effect a speedy cure, use any of the above remedies recom- mended. 132 BRUISES, y Wounds in the feet, from shoeing, nails, thorns, or other accidents, are generally attended with mu".h trouble, and are often productive of very fatal conse- ([uences when neglected. Such wounds should have old dirt, grit, &c. carefully removed with warm greasy water ; after which, take of bees-wax, tar, and sweet oil, equal parts ; stew them well together, and fill the wound, hot as the horse can bear it without expe- riencing pain ; then pour on a little warm pitch, to prevent grit and dirt getting to the wound, and to pro- tect the foot, while sore and tender, from the hard ground. BRUISES. Bruises proceed from external injury, and when 00 remedy is employed, are sometimes attended with violent inflammation, and after bursting and discharg ing large quantities of matter, of a dark red colour and extremely offensive smell, often terminate in a mortification, which soon puts a period to the life of the animal. Take of vinegar, one quart; laudanum, half an ounce ; sugar of lead, quarter of an ounce ; mix them well together, and apply it to the bruise three or four times a day ; if the part bruised will admit of it, apply a flannel doubled and wet with the mixture, which will be the means of keeping the bruise continually moist. If by this method the swelling does not subside, apply STRAINS. 133 a poultice made of a strong decoction of red oak bark and meal, once a day, until the swelling abates ; but in bruises that cannot, by these means, be dispersed, and by pressing with the finger you discover that mat- ter is formed, then the shortest way is, to open the skin and allow the bruise to discharge its contents : after which it will heal in a very short time, by keepnig it entirely clean with soap suds alone. But after dis- charging the matter, if the wound should appear rotten and of dark colour, indicating mortification, togethe. with any very considei'able inflammation, bleed plen- tifully ; feed on bran, oats, long green food, or light food of any kind, and again apply the red oak poul- tice, which will very soon cure the inflammation, cleanse and alter the appearance of the wound. After which, any of the simples recommended for wounds, may be employed in speedily healing. -m«ffi9<«.— STRAINS. Strains, in whatever part of the horse, either pro- duced from running, slips, blows, or hard riding, are the relaxing, over-stretching or breaking ihe muscles or tendinous fibres. A strain, unless uncommonly bad, may be cured in a short time, by applying the following remedies : Number 1. Take of sharp vinegar, one pint; spirit, of any kind, half a pint; camphor, one ounce; mix ihem well together and bathe the part injured twice a 134 STAGGERS. day; a piece of flannel wet with the mixture and wrap- ped around the part, will be very beneficial ; take from the neck vein half a gallon of blood. No. 2. Take of opodeldoc (which can be procured from any apothecary's shop) a piece the size of a mar- ble, and rub it on the strained part with the naked hand until the hand becomes dry, twice a day : should the injured part resist both these remedies, you may conclude the injury is a very serious one, which nothing but time can relieve, and the horse must be turned out upon grass a sufficient length of time for nature herself to perform the great operation. STAGGERS. The staggers is a very common as well as a very fatal disease among horses of all ages: though young horses are more subject to it than those advanced in years. Many various opinions have been offered to the public, and some with much confidence, relative to the origin and seat of this disease. But few, if any, as yet, have investigated the subject with correctness. The staggers, in my opinion, are produced by per- mitting a horse to feed on grass in the spring and fall, late at night and early in the morning; for early in the morning and late in the evening, the fields and pastures are covered with a poisonous web, which is spun and spread upon the grass by a small spider. So rapidly, so industriously does this little insect work, STAGGERS. 135 that in the space of one night, not a blade or spire of grass has been left untouched. This web, catching the dew-drops on its bosom, causes the fields in the morn- ing to glisten and sparkle as if covered with a thin sheet of ice. A horse that feeds upon a pasture in this situation must, of course, collect large quantities of this web and dew, and very often the spider itself. They act upon the horse, producing delirium, giddi- ness, apoplexy, and sometimes death. The lungs appear to be the principal seat of this disease ; for in cases of dissection they have been found much en- larged, and covered with large brown spots ; smell very offensively, and have some appearance of moi tification. The large quantity of poison taken into the stomach acts upon its nerves, and the sympathy that exists be- tween that organ and the large nerves of the head, accounts for the dull, giddy, and dejected countenance of the animal, and has induced many to believe the staggers was confined to that part alone. The poison is then removed from the stomach by the activity of the lymphatic and absorbent vessels, thrown into the circulation of the blood, diffused over every part of the system, and finally carried by the arteries into the lungs, through which all the blood in the body of a horse passes many times in an hour, and undergoes a change. Sometimes a determination of blood to the head takes place, which generally ends fatally, pro- ducing a furious delirium, the horse throwing himself about with great violence, making it dangerous for any person to venture near him. Symptoms. — The symptoms of the staggers are a drowsiness, eyes inflamed, half shut, and full of tears, the appetite bad, the disposition to sleep gradually increased, feebleness, a continual hanging of the head 13 136 STAGGERS. or resting it on the manger, rearing, falling, and lying in a state of insensibility, walking a small circle for a considerable length of time, the ears hot, with a burn- ing fever, &c. &c. &c. Remedy. — Take from the neck vein half a gallon of blood, three times in a week ; take of sassafras tea, three half pints ; plantain juice, half a pint ; asafoeti- da, half an ounce ; saltpetre, one tea spoonful ; mix and give them as a drench three mornings in a week ; give an injection composed of one pint of meal, two quarts of water, one quart of molasses and one spoon- ful of hog's lard ; let the horse be moderately exer- cised, and whenever he is standing should be well rubbed ; give a mash twice a week, composed of one gallon of bran, one table spoonful of sulphur, one tea spoonful of saltpetre, one quart of boiling sassafras tea, and a eighth of an ounce of asafoetida, not per- miting the horse to drink cold water for six hours afterwards. Should he be much mended by this treat- ment, nothing more will be necessary, except feeding him on bran, or light food of any kind ; but should he appear to receive no benefit from these attentions, in four or five days, take of calomel, twenty-five grains ; of opium, two drachms; camphor, two drachms; powdered fennel-seed, one drachm ; of syrup, of any kind, a sufficient quantity to make the ingredients into a ball, which may be given every morning for four or five days, by which time the horse will get well il his disease will admit of a cure. Horses that are confined in a stable never have the staggers ; consequently it would be advisable for every person, whose situation will admit of it, to con- fine their horses, particularly at night, during the spring and fall months. MANGE HIDE BOUND. 187 MANGE. The mange in horses is a disease of the skin, which U generally rough, thick, and full of wrinkles, espe- ciilly about the mane, tail, and thighs, and the little hair that remains on these parts stands up very much like bristles. The ears and eye-brows are sometimes attacked, and in a short time are left quite naked. The mange /s an infectious disease : indeed so much so, that if a horse is carried into a stable where one that is mangy has been in the habit of standing, he will be almost certain to take the infection, unless the litter has been removed and the stable properly cleansed and aired. Proper attention will make the cure easy. Remedy. — Take of powdered brimstone and hog's lard an equal quantity, mix them well together and anoint the part affected twice a day, bleed plentifully and'give two or three mashes (composed of bran, sul- phor, saltpetre, and sassafras) within a week, by which time a cure will be performed. A clean stable and nice bed of straw will aid much in accomplishing the object in view. HIDE BOUND. A HORSE is said to be hide bound when his skin will not slip under the pressure of tha hand, but sticks as fast to the ribs as if it was glued. 1 .38 SURFEIT. Horses are sometimes hide bound in consequence of feeling the effects of some violent disease, and it is often a bad symptom; but generally, this tightness of the skin proceeds from poverty, cruel usage, and sometimes from worms. The first thing necessary for performing a cure is, to offer better treatment to the animal, giving him plenty of light food, such as bran, oats, &c. and a clean stable with fresh litter. Then take from the neck vein half a gallon of blood; at night give a mash com- posed of one gallon of bran, scalded with sassafras tea ; one table spoonful flour of sulphur or powdered brim- stone, and one tea spoonful of saltpetre ; not permitting him to drink for six hours afterwards. On the second day, at twelve o'clock, take of cop- peras, two table spoonfuls ; of warm sassafras tea, one quart ; saltpetre, one tea spoonful ; mix and give them as a di-ench. Have the horse well rubbed, and in a few days he will be entirely relieved. -»,eQ9_ SURFEIT. The surfeit is a common disease among horses ihsL have been cruelly or injudiciously treated. Sudden changes from heat to cold, plunging deep into cold water and drinking plentifully after being excessively hard rode, unsound food, being turned from a warm and comfortably stable out into the cold air, night dews, &c. (fee. often produce surfeit. StIRFEtT. ISOl Symptoms. — The surfeit first makes its appearance with many fine and small lumps under the skin, a partial falling oflT of the hair, and a constant itching : at length a great number of scabs are formed, and some small ulcers, and unless some remedy is em- ployed, the whole coat of hair falls oflf and the norse becomes covered with scabs : the hair in the mane and tail will be nearly rubbed off, and the little remain- ing will stand erect. Remedy. — Take from the neck vein on the first and fourth days of the week, half a gallon of blood ; give a mash of one gallon of bran, one table spoonful of sulphur, one tea spoonful of saltpetre, and a quart of hot sassafras tea, well mixed together, three times within a week, not permitting him to drink for six hours whenever a mash is taken. Give three drenches within the week, composed of one quart of sassafras tea, and one tea spoonful of salt- petre, each. Change the horse's litter frequently ] keep his stable clean, and do not permit him to gel wet. Take of hog's lard and sulphur, equal parts, mix them and anoint the horse where the surfeit appears worse, once a day ; and by the expiration of a week, if the horse is not entirely well, he will be much bene- fited, and nothing more will be necessary, except giv- ing him food that is light and easily digested, and observe towards him kind treatment. 13* 140 SORE TONGUE. BIG HEAD. SORE TONGUE. Take four ounces sugar of lead, four do. bole am- moniac, eight do. alum, burned. The whole to be put in three quarts of good vinegar, and the horse^s mouth washed or swabbed two or three times a day, keeping the bit out of the mouth. The above is enough for six horses. [from the AMERICAN FARMER.} BIG HEAD. I HAVE noticed several essays in your valuable paper, the " American Farmer," on the subject of " big head in norses,^' and as I have never seen any description of this disease, or any cure recommended, I will endeavour to communicate what my limited experience on that subject has taught me : About twelve years ago the disease made its ap- pearance in this neighbourhood, and before a remedy was found out, many losses were sustained, by the death of the horses which were diseased. One of my neighbours lost horses to the value of six or seven thousand dollars, among them some of the best blood- ed mares and colts. I lost one only, and the first and only one, a brood mare, which had it about that time. Various applications were made to cure it, such as driving in spirits of turpentine by rubbing the parts affected, and holding a red hot iron near the place ; BIG HEAD. 141 burning, bruising, and cutting, were also resorted to, but in every case that I saw or heard of, the disease terminated in the death of the animal. At length white arsenic was recommended, but by whom it was first discovered, I am ignorant. I had occasion, about four years ago, to try it on a fine Arciiy mare, then in foal by Archy : she was affected on both sides of the face, and I succeeded in curing her : she produced a horse colt, whilst she was under the operation of the arsenic. At about two years old the colt was affected on one side of the face. I had recourse to the arsenic and completely eradicated the disorder, leaving only a slight scar, though the mucus membrane of the nostril was so much injured as to cause a difficulty of breath- ing through it. The mare was still more affected, as both nostrils were nearly closed, and her head con- tinued to be much larger than before she was taken with the disease, though generally in good order, and occasionally worked. She has, however, produced three fi^e colts since, none of which has as yet been affected with the big head. I designed to have trained her first colt, but in consequence of the affection of his nostril, I declined the idea. He is now four years old, enjoying fine health, and possessing great vigour as a stallion. I am thus particular in detailing the cha- racter of the animals who have been cured, that it may be seen how little horses are affected by the dis- ease after it has been cured. I have known the arsenic exhibited in at least twenty cases, in all of which it effected a cure, and I think I can say, that it is an infallible remedy. I will now endeavour to describe the disease, and the recipe. Symptoms — Loss of appetite, a drooping of the head and a disinclination to move about — a slight 142 BIG HEAD. weeping from the eye on the side affected — in a short time a local swelling appears on the side of the face in a direct line between the eye and nostril, which on being pressed hard with the finger causes the animal to wince, and by rubbing it gently with the hand, appears to giv^e ease to him — an enlargement of the jaw bone, and a considerable decline in flesh. I have not discovered that the disease is attended with fever ; if it is suffered to run long, it causes an affection of the joints — they become puffed, as if inflated with wind, and in a short time those swellings become filled with pus, and ultimately break, and a discharge of purulent matter issues from the joints, and the animal falls, to rise no more without help. It is supposed to be infec- tious only in this last state of the disease. Cure. — As soon as the swelling on the side of the face appears, take a piece of white arsenic about the size of a common field pea, (or about six or eight grains pulverized and wrapped in fine paper, of a ^ze only sufficient to contain it,) make an incision in the skin, immediately over the hard tumour, insert the arsenic (or the paper containing it,) and with a needle and thread make one suture or stitch, tie the ends of the thread in a hard knot, bleed the horse, and turn him out alone in a good pasture, or if it is cold weather, put him in a stable, removed from other horses, and feed him on light food — in a few days the effects of the arsenic will be discoverable by a considerable swelling of the head, nose, and face, which will increase until the power of the arsenic is exhausted — if both sides of the face are operated on at the same time, the head will swell to an enormous size — in about a month, or six weeks, the arsenic will have developed its efficacy by the appearance of a circular piece of ItIG HEAD. 1'43 skin, and tlic porous bone of the face which extends as far as the seat of the disease, or the influence of the arsenic on the affected part; tiiis circular develop- ment extends as far as the affected part only, and is quite callous and nearly detached fronn the sound skin, leaving the wholesome flesh in its natural state. In a month or six weeks longer, this circular part becomes entirely detached on its periphery from the sound skin, and adheres to the side of the face by a few slight integuments about its centre, which soon decays, (or it may be cut off,) and the diseased parts drop out in a mass, leaving a hideous wound ; then may be seen the porous bone of the face, resembling honey- comb, which soon becomes covered with sound flesh and skin : the wound may be soon healed by using common applications, though I have made use of what we farmers in the country call pot liquor, as a wash, and anointing the place with an ointment made by bruising the leaves of the common poke-weed, (phij- tolacca decandra) and extracting the juice by pressure, and stewing it in hog's lard, or of the Jamestown weed, or thorn apple, {datura stramonium^ prepared in the same way. These applications may be made use of with advantage as soon as it is discovered that the parts begin to separate. If the weather be warm it may be necessaiy to anoint the parts with a mixture of common tar and hog's lard, or the juice of elder stewed in hog's lard, in order to keep away the blow fly, which will be attracted to the parts by the oflen- siveness of the scent emitted. It cannot be expected that a horse which has thus been operated upon, will regain the beauty of his head, particularly if he be an old horse, or has been affected on both sides of the face, or the disease has been suffered to run too long 144 BIG HKAD. before applying the remedy : this is evidenced by the appearance of my mare. 1 suffered the disease to run too long, because I was fearful that the arsenic might injure the foal, but was induced to risk it rather than lose the mare : the stallion on the contrary, exhibits the effects of it in but a slight degree. It may be proper to remark, that a less quantity of arsenic will answer for a colt than for an old horse ; and that it ought to be inserted as high up on the face as the seat of the disease will admit of; perhaps on the upper edge of the swelled part will answer the same end. Another remedy has been communicated to me, which is much more simple ; and if it be a remedy, certainly possesses great advantages over the one on which I have been treating. I have never known it tried, but I am induced to believe that it is a remedy, both from its analogy to the arsenic, and from the authority from which I derived my information. It is this : Instead of the arsenic, take half a pint of strong ashes, (hickory I suppose,) put them into a tin cup, (of about a pint measure,) smaller at the mouth than at the bottom, say about one and a half inches at the mouth in diameter ; fill the cup or pot with water, and let it boil for half an hour, or until the water has been evaporated, or absorbed by the ashes, cord the horse's nose in the usual way, or otherwise confine him, in order that he may be still, and apply the mouth of the cup to the part affected, with the ashes quite hot and nearly dry, having previously covered it with a thin cloth to prevent the ashes from coming in contact with the skin of the horse, and hold it in that position until the heat has subsided, when it may be removed : in a day or two the parts will exhibit a gluey exudation, which will disappear in the course of a week, leaving FISTULA. 145 an inconsiderable sore like a burn, which may be soon cuied by treating it as such. It may be necessary in some cases to make the second application. The horse may be used as usual at the time, and when the wound heals up, scarcely any scar will remain. Or, Take blood from the neck vein and bathe the swelled parts with spirits of turpentine once or twice a week, rubbing it in with a hard brush until you dis- cover the swelling is stopped : the lumps always remain, but as they cease to grow the horse gets better. Or, Give stramonium (Jamestown or Jimeson weed) in doses of one drachm, mixed with his feed for several days, then turning him out for two or three months. -«>«@e<«— FISTULA. The fistula in the withers, generally proceeds from some blow or bruise, and is the most disagreeable disease to which a horse is subject. I would recom- mend it to every person, whose situation will admit of the sacrifice, to dispose of a horse thus unfortunately affected, for whatever sum he would bring, or even give him away, sooner than be at the expense and trouble, and run the risk of performing a cure whicii, if completed, would be tedious, and the horse be much lessened in value in consequence of being disfigured by the scar which unavoidably will be left. The remedy here recommended is severe, but it will have the desired eficct more speedily than any other. 146 POLL-EVIL. So soon as the fistula assumes a formidable appear- ance, fomentations of bitter herbs should be employed, such as wormwood, camomile, bay leaves, mullen, life-everlasting, &c. boiled in water to a strong decoc- tion, and after being strained, should be applied hot as the horse can bear it without giving pain, by means of large woollen cloths. This application promotes suppuration, and when matter is formed let the tumour ba opened, so that its contents may be completely evacuated ; after which let the sore be nicely washed with strong soap suds, and apply the following oint- ment once a day : — Take of verdigris, half an ounce ; copperas, half an ounce ; oil turpentine, one ounce ; ointment of yellow rosin, four ounces ; to be well mixed together. As soon as healthy matter is discharged from the fistula the ointment may be discontinued, and nothing more will be necessary, except keeping it perfectly clean with strong soap suds. When the fistula first makes its appearance, it may be removed or prevented by placing a rowel or seton in each shoulder, just below the swelled or inflamed part which should be kept running two or three weeks. -».s@e*-~ ' POLL-EVIL. The poll-evil, like the fistula, proceeds from some blow, bruise, or external injury, and its consequences are much to be dreaded. A horse thus diseased would be well sold almost at any price, though the cure is tolerably certain, yet extremely slow. The poll-evil POLL-EVIL. 147 is an abscess or swelling found in the sinews, between the noil bone and the uppermost vertebra of the neck, immediately on the poll or nap of the neck. When this swelling first makes it appearance, bathe it fre- quently with hot vinegar; and if the hair be fretted off, with an oozing through the skin, make use of equal parts of vinegar and spirits of wine ; but if there be an itching, with heat and inflammation, the safest way will be to bleed plentifully, and apply a red oak poul- tice, which will sometimes disperse the swelling and put an end to the disease. But whenever the tumour is critical, having all the signs of matter, and appears not benefited by the applications already recommend- ed, it will be advisable to bring it to a head as speedily as possible, with the following poultice : Corn meal, marsh mallows, oil turpentine, and hog's lard. When the tumour becomes ripe or full of matter, it may be either opened or permitted to break of itself; if opened with a knife, great care should be used to prevent wounding the tendinous ligument that runs along the neck under the mane. When the matter appears to be on both sides, the tumours must be opened on both sides, and the ligament between remain undivided ; il the matter flows in great quantities, resembling melted glue, and is of an oily consistence, it will require a second incision, especially if any cavities are dis- covered by the fingers or probe ; these should be opened by the knife, and the wound should be dressed with spirits of turpentine, honey, and tincture of myrrh, until light and thick coloured matter is found. Cleanse the sore well with strong soap suds and a sponge ; then take of verdigris, half an ounce ; oil of tur- pentme, four ounces; of blue-stone, two ounces; of green copperas, half an ounce ; mix them well to- gether, and hold them over a fire until they are as not 14 146 LOCK-JAW. as the horse can bear them : then pour them into the abscess and close the Hps by one or two stitches ; this IS to remain for several days without any other dres- sing, except bathing with spirits of wine.' Should matter flow in great abundance, and of thin consisten- cy, the above application must be again repeated until the matter decreases in quantity, and becomes of a whitish colour and healthy appearance. »@9« LOCK-JAW. The lock-jaw is so fatal in its consequences, that it IS a fortunate circumstance it occurs so seldom amongst horses. It commences with a difficulty in mastication, and shortly after the jaws are so completely and immove- ably closed, that it is with mucli difficulty that medi- cines can be administered. The muscles of the neck appear much contracted, and the animal appears to suffer great pain. The lock-jaw is frequently brought on by trifling causes, such as cuts, wounding of nerves, tendons, &c. Generally speaking, the cure is very uncertain ; but it will chiefly depend on opium, the warm bath, and other antispasmodics. Sometimes the sudden appli- cation of cold water, in great quantities, has been serviceable ; friction of turpentine oil or spirits, gene- rally proves useful, as does a clyster made with two LOST APPETITE. 149 ounces of spirits of hartshorn, four ounces of oil of turpentine, and the yelks of three or four eggs, mixed with a quart of strong ale and gin or whiskey. It is a great object to promote urine, sweat, &c. Opium, tamphor, and copious bleedings, have been found, in some cases, very beneficial ; and when they have failed, hartshorn, ether, opium, and brandy, have been employed with some success ; though the lock- jaw is often a symptom of approaching dissolution, and frequently defies the power of any kind of medi- cine that can be employed. — me@e«— LOST APPETITE. Horses lose their appetites from various causes, viz: — Excessive fatigue, want of a change in food, dirty fodder, mouldy corn, or a dirty manger, &c. &c. but most frequently by the approach of some disease. So soon as you discover a horse has lost his appetite, observe the following treatment, viz : — Take from the neck vein half a gallon of blood ; take of asafcEtida, a quarter of an ounce ; salt, one table spoonful ; sassafras tea, one quart ; mix and give them as a drench. On the second day, take of glauber salts, one pound ; warm water, one quart ; after dissolving the salts give it as a drench, and in two or three days the appetite will be restored, unless the animal is labouring under some disease, which may be ascertained by the symp- toms. 150 JOLDS. SADDLE GALLS. COLDS. Nothing is more common than colds among horses, of all ages. They are frequently produced by a want of good rubbing after violent exercise, which strikes a chilliness and dampness over the whole body ; being changed from a warm and comfortable stable to one cold and open ; standing out late in dew at night plunging deep in cold water while heated in a profuse perspiration ; all of which have a tendency to check the perspirable matter and contract the pores of the skin. Coldf? sometimes produce a slight running at the nose ;. the remedy is simple and almost certain — bleed plentifully. -Me@«"— SADDLE GALLS. Saddle Galls are generally occasioned by an un- equal pressure of the saddle, or by a saddle being badly fitted to a horse's back, and if neglected they grow into very ugly and troublesome sores. When these inflamed tumours are first discovered, cold water alone is frequently sufficient to disperse and drive them away, if applied as soon as the saddle is pulled off but when that will not have the desired effect, by washing them twice a day in the mixtui'e I shall here recommend, the cure will be readily performed. — Take of sharp vinegar, one gill ; spirits, of any kind, one gill ; sweet oil or fresh butter, one table spoonful; to be well mixed before used. SITFASTS. DTARRIKEA. f5^ SITFASTS. SiTFASTS proceed from the part being frequently Druised with a saddle, until it becomes extremely hard, and after remaining some length of time it is not unlike a horny substance. The cure cannot be per- formed unless the knife is used for the purpose of cutting it entirely out. After which the fresh wound can be healed with the greatest ease, in a very short time, by using either of the following mixtures : No. 1. Take of brandy, half a pmt ; honey, half a pint ; alum, two ounces. No. 2. Take of blue-stone, a quarter of an ounce ; spirits of turpentine, two table spoonfuls ; spring water, one pint. No. 3. Take sugar of lead half an ounce ; alum, one ounce ; copperas, half an ounce ; let them be well mixed, and the sitfast washed twice a day, after ine wound is washed clean with soap and water. ^s@e« DIARRHCEA OR PURGING. A DIARRHCEA amougst horses seldom occurs and is eaisy of cure. It may be produced by a suppression of perspiration or by an increased secretion of bile. The following ball (No. 1.) generally gives relief, but should it not have the desired effect, No. 2 may be employed. No 1. Take of sue. aloes, six drachms; Castile soap, four drachms ; and syrup enough to form tlie ball 14* 1 52 DIABETES. No. 2. Take of opium, one drachm ; antimony, three drachms ; powdered ginger, two drachms ; and syrup enough, of any kind, to form a ball. It will benefit a horse very much by keeping him warmly clothed while labouring under this disease. >($«« DIABETES. A Diabetes is a profuse staling or a constant dis- charge of water ; it is attended with great weakness, loss of flesh and appetite, wkh every appearance ot decay and approaching dissolution. It is frequently the result of old disorders, surfeits, excessive hard rides, &c. &c. A horse of a delicate and weak constitution is extremely difficult to cure, as he soon loses flesh and appetite, his hair becomes rough, his eyes weak, sad, and dejected, and in a very short time he is unfit for any kind of labour. But if the following remedies are employed, when the disease first makes its appearance, if the horse possesses a tolerable good constitution, the cure, by proper atten- tion, can be rendered almost certain. Remedy. — No. 1. Take of opium, one drachm; asafoetida, two drachms ; powdered ginger, two ditto ; red oak bark, powdered, one ounce ; syrup of any kind, a sufficient quantity to make two balls for one dose, which must be repeated three times within a week, and the horse must not be permitted to drink an unusual quantity of water. A little salt thrown into IJiat he is permitted to use, will be found very beneficial. BLISTERS. 1 53 No. 2. Take of red wine, one pint ; water, one pint ; gum Arabic, one ounce ; mix and give them as a drench three times within a week. No. 3. Take of salts of hartshorn, three drachms ; opmm, one drachm ; powdered ginger, two drachms ; Uquorice, half an ounce ; syrup, of any kind, a suffi- cient quantity to make the ingredients into two balls, which may be given twice within a week. Nourish- ing food, moderate exercise, and a clean, wholesome stable will assist much in effecting a cure. >te@e.~- BLISTERS. Previous to the application of a blister to any part of a horse, the hair should either be shaved or cut off as close as possible ; the blistering ointment should be regularly spread with a warm knife on a stout piece of oznaburgs ; and during the operation of the blister, the horse should be tied short to prevent his biting the part or doing other injury. Blister — No. 1. Take of Spanish flies half an ounce, oil turpentine one ounce, hog's lard four ounces ; mix them well and the blister is ready for use. No. 2 — Take of tar, four ounces ; vitriolic acid two drachms, oil of origanum, half an ounce ; hog's lard, two ounces ; Spanish flies, two ounces. This blislei IS excellent for the spavin. i 54 CLYSTERS. CLYSTER OR GLYSTER. As clysters very often are the means of saving norses' lives, I shall here recommend the best and sim- plest mode of administering them. Take a large bladder, cut off the neck and- soften it in warm w^ater, take a pewter pipe, common reed, or any other smooth tube, nine or ten inches long and not more than an inch in diameter; the clyster must then be poured through a funnel into the bag, and securely tied around one end of the tube ; the otner must be made perfectly smooth and rounding, well oiled, and introduced into the anus several inches; the liquid in the bladder must be forced through the tube by pressure with the hand. — When a clyster is given, a horse should be placed with his head down hill, and if he refuses to stand, a twitch should be put upon his nose. Glysters are of three kinds — opening, anodyne, and nourishing. For the first purpose take a gallon of warm water, with from half a pound to a pound of common salt dissolved in it ; to which add four or five ounces of olive or linseed oil. For the second, take two drachms of solid opium, dissolve them, or rather mix them well with about half a pint of warm water, and add from a quart to three pints of Indian meal or wheat flour gruel. For the third purpose, rich broths, wheat flour gruel, and other nourishing fluids are recommended. With respect to the first kind of glysters, it may be observed that gruel is com- monly pi'eferred to warm water ; but according to my experience, the latter does just as well as the former As to the second, tincture of opium may be substitu- FOMENTATIONS. 1 55 ted for solid opium, and is by some preferred to it, but the quantity should not exceed two ounces, on account of the spirit in which this opium is dissolved. The third kind of glyster is required only in lock-jaw, or in diseases of the throat which prevent swallowing, and in these its utility seems to be very questionable. As soon as the glyster has been injected, the tail should be kept close to the fundament for a few minutes to prevent its being too hastily returned. This is parti- cularly necessary when the anodyne clyster is em- ployed. The pipe must be oiled or greased before it is introduced, and if its passage be obstructed by hard dung lodged in the gut, the hand should be gradually introduced in order to remove it. »e@e« FOMENTATIONS. Fomentations are generally made of bitter herbs, such as wormwood, camomile, muUen, bay leaves, sutherwood, life-everlasting, &c. &c. boiled in water to a strong decoction, strained off, and applied with large woollen cloths, hot as the animal can bear it that it is intended to benefit. The efficacy of fomentations often depends on the length of time they are employed, and their being frequently repeated. Poultice. — The following mixtures will be found useful as a poultice : No 1. Take of bran, one quart; of sharp vine- gar (scalding hot) half a pint ; hog's lard, one table spoonful — mix them for use. 156 MASH. No. 2. Take of red oak bark a sufficiency to boil lO one quart of strong decoction ; take of Indian meal, a sufficient quantity to form the poultice. No. 3. Take of sharp vinegar, half a pint ; of meal one quart ; of hog's lard, two table spoonfuls ; pour a sufficient quantity of boiling water to form it into a mash, when it will be ready for use. -m«@eo— MASH. A MASH is generally given to a horse for the pur- pose of cooling the system, opening the bowels, and for disguising different kinds of medicines which may be necessary to be administered ; which if given in any other way, would be attended with trouble and difficulty, and would not be productive of effects so salutary. Mash. — No. 1. Take of bran one gallon, sassafras tea (scalding hot) one quart, powdered brimstone one table spoonful, saltpetre one tea spoonful. No. 2. Take of oats one gallon, flour sulphur one table spoonful, saltpetre one tea spoonful, boiling water one quart. No. 3. Take of bran one gallon, salts (glauber) four ounces, sulphur one table spoonful, sassafras tea (scalding hot) one quart — let them be well mixed and given milk warm, not permitting the horse to drink cold water for six hours afterwards. BLEEDING. TO SPOV A WHITE HORSE. } 51 BLEEDING. The bleeding of a horse is so common and simple, ihat but little instruction can be necessary for the per- formance of the operation. The blood should always be caught in some vessel for the purpose of judging ol its quantity and quality ; if after it has coagulated a light buff coloured jelly forms the surface, it is an evi- dence of the inflammatory state of the blood. Blooa drawn from a healthy horse very soon coagulates and appears like a uniformly red jelly, with a small quantit of fluid, resembling water, floating on the surface. * consists of two parts — the red jelly (termed crassa- mentum) and the water or serum ; the former may be separated into two parts by washing the red globules and coagulable lymph. Bleeding is extremely beneficial in many diseases i and with safety from one quart to one and a half gal ions may be taken at one time. TO SPOT A WHITE HORSE WITH BLACK SPOTS. Take litharage, three ounces ; quick lime, six ounces; beat it fine and mix it together : put it into a pan and pour a sharp ley over it ; then boil it and you will have a fat substance swim on top, with which anoint the horse in such places as you design to have black, and it will turn to the colour immediately. 158 DRIVING. TRIBUTE TO THE HORSE. It has the same effect in changing hair that is red into a black colour, with only this difference, viz. : — Take an equal quantity of lime and litharage, and instead of boiling it with ley, boil it only with fresh water ; what swims at top, is fit for use and will an- swer your expectation ; what hairs you anoint with it in the evening, will be black the next morning. 9@e« DRIVING. It may be generally remarked, that men who drive fast have swift horses ; not that they drive fast because they have swift horses, but because fast driving makes horses swift. A horse may commonly be trained to a dull and heavy, or to an airy and fleet gait. Nature unquestionably does much ; but education does far more towards producing the great difference in the speed of horses, than most men are willing to allow. Horses are more frequently injured by driving them beyond their habitual pace, than beyond their native power. The best direction for the education of horses is, " drive /ai-i and stop qftcn.^' A TRIBUTE TO THE HORSE. JOHN wall's RECIPE. Take half a pound of saltpetre, half a pound of alum, and half a pound of alum salt ; pulverize and mix them well together, and every eight days give him a table fjpoonful in his food; his coat, flesh, and spirits will soon reward his master for his care. MULES. >,e@e*' ; MULE AND HINNY, HYBRIDS OF THE HORSE AND ASS. The mule is the hybrid produce of an ass with a mare ; having a large clumsy head, long erect ears, a short mane, and a thin tail. The hinny is the hybrid produce between the she- ass and a stallion ; the head is long and thin, the eai"s are like those of a horse, the mane is short, and the tail is well filled with hair. The hinny is much less common than the mule, because, being less hardy and useful than the other, he is never cultivated. The mule, commonly so called, is much valued for the saddle, and for drawing carriages in Spain, Portu- gal, Italy, and the East, and in the warmer parts of America. In those countries where great attention is paid to the breed, it is as tall as the horse, exceedingly well-limbed, but not so handsome, especially about the head and tail. These animals are mostly sterile ; some, indeed, have thought that they are altogether incapable of producing their kind ; but some few instances have occurred, in which female mules have had foals, and in which even the male has impregnated females both of the ass and horse species, though such instances are exceedingly rare. The mules made use of in the southern parts of Europe, are now brought to an astonishing perfection as well as great size. They are usually black, strong, 15 160 MULES. well-limbed, and large, being mostly bred out of fine Spanish mares. They are sometimes fifteen or six- teen hands high, and the best of them worth forty or fifty pounds. No creatures are so proper for large burdens, and none so sure footed. They are much stronger for draft than our hors'es, and are often as thick set as our dray horses, and will travel several months together, with six or eight hundred weight upon their backs. Some think it surprising that these animals are not more propagated here, as they are so much hardier and stronger than horses, less subject to diseases, and capable of living and working to twice the age of a horse. Those that are bred in cold coun- tries are more hardy and fit for labour than those brea ni hot ; and those which are light made are fitter for riding than horses, as to the walk and trot ; but they are apt to gallop rough ; though these do it much less than the short-made ones. The general complaint made against them is, that they kick and are stubborn: but this is owing to neglect in breeding them, for they are as gentle as horses, in countries where they are bred with proper care. In the breeding of mules, mares that are of a very large breed and well made, should be employed. They should be young, full of life, large barrelled, but smalled limbed, with a moderate sized head, ahd a good forehead. It is found of advantage to have the foals from the time of their being dropped often handled, to make them gentle : it prevents their hurt- ing themselves by skittishness and sudden frights ; and they are much easier broken at the proper age, and become docile and harmless, having nothing of that viciousness which is so commonly complained of in these animals. They may be broken at three years MULES. 16J old, but should never be permitted to do much hard work till four, as they are thus secured from being hurt by hard labour, till they have acquired strength enough to bear it without injiuy. An expert breedei of these animals found, that feeding them too well while young, though it made them very fat, was far from being any advantage to them ; as it was not only incurring a much larger expense than was any way necessar}', but also made them wonderfully nice and delicate in their appetites ever after, and also by Increasing their weight of flesh, rendered them more subject to strains and hurts in their morning gambols, [le therefore contented himself with giving them food enough to prevent their losing flesh, and to keep up their growth without palling their appetites with deli- cacies, or making them over fat ; he also took care to defend them from the injuries of the weather by allow- ing them stable room, and good litter to sleep on, besides causing them every day to be well rubbed down, with a hard wisp q|" straw, by an active groom. This was scarcely ever omitted, particularly in cold, raw, wet weather, when they were least inclined to exercise themselves. When three years old, mules are proper for use. The shoe for the mule is for the fore foot very simi- lar to that which farriers call the bar shoe. It is very wide and large, especially at the toe, where it some- times projects four inches and upwards beyond the hoof This excess is given it with a view to enlarge the basis of the foot, which is in general exceedingly narrow in this animal. The shoe for the hind feet is open at the heels like a horse's shoe; but is lengthened at the toe like the preceding one. Mules are, how- ever, by no means invariably shod in this manner ; n 1 62 MULES. IS not unusual to shoe them either like horses or asses, fis they approach the one or the other in size or work required. [from the AMERICAN FARMER.] PRIZE ESSAY. [The premium of a silver cup, of thirty dollars value, offered hy Robert Oliver, Esq. to the author of the best essay on the natural history of the Mule, and its value for the general purposes of agri. culture, in comparison with horses, wras awarded by a committee, appointed by the Trustees of the Maryland Agricultural Soci©^/, to the author of the following essay.] A DISSERTATION ON THE MULE, With the view of promoting an iviprovement in the breed, and of demonstrating the utility of employing him as a substitute fot the horse, in the labours of husbandry, canals, <^c. By Samuel Wrtivs Pomeroy. " Opinion is the queen of the world — it gives motion to the springs, and direction to the wheels of power." John Quincy Adams. " Knowledge is power." — Bacon. Soon after the accession of Charles III. to the c own of Spain, his subjects were prohibited by a severe edict, from wearing Jlapped hats and long cloaks ; which caused an insurrection that obliged him to flee from Madrid, after witnessing the massacre of nearly one hundred of his Walloon guards ; and might have terminated in a revolution, but for a speedy revoca- tion of the edict and banishment of his ministers. An eminent writer introduces the history of the occur- rence, bv observing, that " it is easier to conquer haN MULES. 16^ the world than to subdue a single prejudice or error, most nations having a superstitious attachment to those habitudes which they derive from their ancestors, that seem to come along with them into the world, and witii which they were nursed and brought up," Perhaps it may be deemed by many quite as vision- Ary or absurd to attempt an introduction of the mule as" a substitute for the horse, for the purposes of agri- culture and hackney employments, as was the project 3f the Spanish monarch for compelling his subjects to wear the French costume, to the exclusion of one they had been so long accustomed to look upon " as a dis- tinction which was the birth-right of every true Spa- niard ;" and as we may suppose, so congenial to the indolent habits for which that nation had long been proverbial. It must be acknowledged that there are serious, though I trust in this age of improvement, not insur- mountable impediments ; for we have to combat not only hereditary prejudices, or to speak more correctly such as have proceeded from a deficiency of means and want of knowledge, to develope the valuable pro- perties and to subdue propensities of a contrary cha- racter in this hybrid race, but we are met at the threshold by the same species of pride which the Spaniards manifested in regard to their costume, founded on the enthusiastic, I may almost say super- stitious, attachment to the horse. It is believed that a vast portion of our fellow citizens, and I may with propriety add the people oi Great Britain, from whom we have derived some inveterate prejudices as well as those illustrious exam- ples that have had such a powerful influence in leading our country to the high destinies that await her, do not 15* 104 MULES. consider that a mule, especially a well bred one, would be in himself and in their view, one of the best formed and most distinguished of animals, if they had never seen a horse ; they must admit, however, that he holds the second rank instead of the first, and it is principally from this circumstance that so little atten- tion has been paid to him in both countries. Com- parison is the chief cause of his degradation — th^y look at and give their opinions not of himself, but comparatively with the horse. They seem not aware that he is a mule — that he has all the qualities of his nature, all the gifts attached to the connecting and final link of two distinct species, and think only of the figure and qualities of the horse which are wanting in him, and that he ought not to have ; for he possesses those of more intrinsic value, which the supreme Author of nature has denied to both of his parents. There are few subjects of animated nature that have engaged the attention of the most eminent naturalists, more than the genus Equus, to which the horse and ass, with their hybrid offspring, are assigned. Lin- ncBus, with a view to establish, by new argum.ents, his doctrine, or theory of the sexual system of plants, which Spallanzani had attempted to overturn, illus- trated their generation by pursuing the chain of nature from the animal to the vegetable kingdom ; and has taken prominent examples from the two different pro- ductions of mules. He says, " from the mare and male ass proceeds the mule, properly so called, which in its nature, that is, in its medullary substance, nervous system, and what Malpighi calls the keel, (carina,) bottom in sportsmen's language, is latent in, and derived from the mare. But in its cortical substance and outward form, in its mane and tail, resembles MULES. 105 the ass. Between the female ass and the horse, the other kind of mule is engendered, whose nature or medullary substance, resembles that of the ass : but its outward form and cortical structure, or vascular system that of the horse."* The latter kind was called Hinnus by the ancients, hence the modern name Hinny. They were not held in much estimation by the Romans, according to Pliny, who describes them as ditlicult to manage, and so slow that little service could be derived from them. Bitffon has noticed this animal, which he says " is smaller than the mule, as it preserves the diminutive stature of the ass." Hinnys were seldom propagated ; but it is said that a number have lately been bred in Spain, probably in consequence of the destruction of mares in the peninsular war, and are represented of good size, and more beautiful than the mule : that is, they resemble the horse much more. 1 understand a few have been bred upon the Spanish Main, no doubt from a similar cause that led to the system in Spain ; and if my information is correct, some have been recently shipped to the West India Islands, but are by no means esteemed so hardy, or valuable for service, as mules. Notwithstanding mules have a disposition to propa- gate,- there have been but two or three well authenti- cated instances recorded of their having hred; and those productions were considered monsters. Buffon was indefatigable in his researches on the subject : and although he admits that it is possible for both males * See " A Dissertation on tlie Sexes of Plants," by Sir Charles Linnaeus — read before the Imperial Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburgh, Sept. 6, 1760, and which obtained the premium of one hundred ducats. I G6 MULifsi and females to propagate, he is confident that their parents are of a species distinct from each other. He says " the ass is not a horse degenerated," as some had supposed, " he is neither a stranger, an intruder, nor a bastard ; he has, lilie other animals, his family, his species, and Ins rank ; his blood is pure and untainted, and although his race is less noble, yet it is equally good, equally ancient as that of the horse." This pro- found naturalist continues a very minute and eloquent comparison between the horse and ass ; some of his expressions I have taken the liberty to apply to the mule and the horse in a preceding paragraph. It may promote the object in view to enter exten- sively upon the history of the ass ; and we commence with the supposition, that when men became so far civilized as to have burdens to carry, or required to be carried themselves, this animal was the first domesti- cated for that purpose — and it is reasonable to infer that those of the least spirit and most tractable, were put in requisition in the first instance ; when by breed- ing in and in, without any care in the selection of sire or dam, became in process of time degenerated to a very inferior grade. Be this as it may, it is an unques- tionable fact that different races of the ass now exist, possessing properties as distinct as are found in the species oi' camel. For instance, the Bactrian or single hunched camel, called the dromedary, by far the most numeious race, being lightly formed, exhibits great activity, and is able to traverse vast tracts with the speed of a high mettled race horse. The Arabian camel, with two protuberances on his back, is con- siderably larger, of much stronger form, travels at a pace seldom exceeding three miles an hour, and is capable of conveying such burdens, that the Arabs MUi.ES. 1 07 style him, emphatically, the ship of the desert; yet they are of the same species — a cross between them breed and constitute another variety, which multiply, and according to Buffon, have the most vigour, and are preferred to all others. Ancient writers recognise three or four distinct varieties of the ass. According to the learned Dr Harris, four different races are indicated in the origi- nal Hebrew scriptures, viz : Para, Chamor, Aton, and Orud.* The wild ass (Para,) was a native of Arabia, De- serta, and those countries which formed the great Babylonian empire. They are now found in Southern Tartary, in the mountainous districts and saline plains of Persia — are migratory in large herds, visiting in winter the Northern parts of India, and said to be so fleet that no horse can overtake them in the chase. — This race is frequently alluded to by the inspired poets and prophets ; and afford similies diametrically opposite to those drawn from the domestic race. The sublime description of the former in the book of Job, exhibits such a contrast, that I trust its insertion in this place will not be deemed improper. "Who from tlie forest ass his collar broke, And manumized his shoulders from the yoke ? Wild tenant of the waste, I sent him there Among the shrubs, to breathe in freedom's air. * See the " Natural History of the Bible, by Thaddeus Mason Harris, D. D. 1 vol. 8vo. Wells &, Lilly, Boston." A work I woulo earnestly recommend to tiiose readers of the sacred volume wht are desirous to be better acquainted with many allusions to sub- jects of natural history, founded on their nature, habits,' and cha racteristic qualities, developing beautiful similies, which wouhl otherwise lie concealed — and enabling them to judge more cor rectly of the propriety of such allusions. I ')8 MULES, Swift as an arrow in his speed he flies ; Sees from afar the smoky city rise ; Scorns the throng'd street, where slavery drags her load, The loud voic'd driver and his urging goad : Where e'er the mountain waves its lofty wood, A boundless range, he seeks his verdant food." Scotfs Verfiion. We find, that at a very early period of sacred his- iory, the common domestic ass {Chamor^ was em- ployed in all the menial laboursof a patriarchal family, while a nobler and more estimable animal (Aton) was destined to carry the patriarchs, the well born ; and those on whom marks of distinction were to be con- ferred. They constituted an important item in a schedule of the pastoral wealth of those times ; of course attracted particular attention and care. David we are told, liad an officer, apparently of high dignity, appointed expressly to superintend his stud of high bred asses, or Atonoth. There was another race that has been mentioned by Aristotle, and by Theophrastus, whom Pliny quotes, which they denominated the wild mules that bred (he/ni-onos,) and were found in Cappadocia and Africa. There can be but little doubt but this is the Hemionus or wild mule of the Mongalian Tartars, so particu- larly described by professor Pallas ; and that it is not a hybrid, but actually of the species of ass resembling a mule.* This race is identified by Dr. Harris with the Orud of scripture. The wild ass of Northern and Western Africa, whose flesh was so much admired by the Roman epi- * Herodotus says, that in the army of Xerxes, which invaded Greece, there were "chariots of war drawn by W'j7(i flsses." M. Larcher, a celebrated commentator, renders them zeire^ in his French translation, which he supports from Oppian, lib. 3. v. 183. Ku* it is now well known that the zehra is of a species entirely MUL£S. 169 cures, may, I believe, be ranked as another distinct race. Adanson, a French naturalist, who visited the river Senegal, more than half a century ago, describes those brought from the interior by the Moors, as so essentially different from any he had seen in Europe, (■probably those of Spain, Savoy, or parts of France adjoining,) it was with difficulty he could recognise them to be the same species — neither do they answer the description of the wild ass of Asia, of which we have been speaking. But his account of them corres- ponds with the diminutive domestic race introduced from Africa, parti^'ularly those from Senegal and the Cape de Yerd Islands ; and from which the small race now in Europe and in this country, may with great probability claim their origin. The Arabian ass, like the horse of that country, is considered as the most estimable of his species — and there are strong reasons for concluding that he is descended from the Hebrew Aton, so highly valued by Abraham and by the patriarchs, judges, and kings, at subsequent periods of sacred history ; and that the same race has been preserved in the ancient land of Uz, in some degree of purity to the present time. Indeed, there can be but little doubt on the subject, if we admit the fact, that the habits, manners, and pur- suits of the descendants of Ishmael have continued, with scarcely an iota of variation, from the day they took rank among the nations of the earth. The position is greatly strengthened by the information I distinct from the ass; and Buifon asserts that none were ever dis covered out of Africa, and there only in the southern hemisphere. It is therefore liighly probable, that those alluded to were the hemi. onus, which are described as much larger than the wild ass, and nearer the size and form of the zebra. See Belce's Herodotus, Polymnia, cliap. SG. 170 MULES received some years since from an intelligent traveller of undoubted veracity, who had visited Arabia on the south-western side of the peninsula to Mocha ; and on the eastern, as far as the mouth of the Tigris. He represented the superior race of asses of that country as most beautiful — of perfect symmetry, great spirit, activity, and vigour. He had seen those that could not be purchased for less than four or jive thousand dollars — an enormous price, considering the value of money among those people.* I understand from him, that the Arabs were as tenacious of preserving the pedigrees of their horses, as the most careful breeder for the turf in England — and not less so of their asses. The descent of some of them they trace to those in the train of the queen of Sheba, when she visited Solomon — as they also do that of their horses to the numerous stud of that wise and gallant king. Dr. Harris supposes the wild ass (Para) to be the Onager of the ancients ; and that the Aton was of a different kind. My impressions coincide with the opinion of the learned divine — but may not writers of different periods have confounded the wild ass with the Ato7i in their representations of the Onager? for it is not improbable, but that the Aton was of the most improved breed known, produced from crosses of a choice selection of the domestic, the wild ass, and the Hemionus, or wild mule — which last Professor Pallas recommends to complete the perfection of the species. This supposition is supported by Buflbn, who infers * Neibuhr remarks, " tlicre are two sorts of assos in Arabia; the smaller or lazy ass, as little valued there as in Euorjie ; and a large Bnd high spirited breed, whicli are greatly valued, and sell at a very hig.'i price; I preferred them to horses.' See Neibuhr's travels in Arabia. MULES. 171 as a certain fact, that by a cross of the remotest of different races of the ass, the most beautiful produc- tions are obtained. Mules were in use and highly esteemed at a remote period of antiquity ; and are mentioned in scripture as of importance in the equipage of princes. Hero- dotus, who is styled the father of profane history, fre- quently speaks of them ; and it is known that they were introduced in the chariot races at the Olympic games in the seventieth Olympiad, about five hun- dred years before Christ. The Romans well knew their value. Pliny informs us, from Varro, that Q. Axius, a Roman senator, paid four hundred thousand serstcrces, upwards of thirteen thousand dollars, for a male ass, for the propagation of mules. And he says further, that the profit of a female ass in breeding stock for the same purpose, was estimated in Celte- beria, now the kingdom of Valencia in Spain, at a like sum. We may infer from a passage in Tacitus, and in Plutarch's life of Marius, that mules were ge- nerally employed to transport the baggage of the Ro- man armies ; and that it is not improbable the superior officers rode those of a high grade, having their horses led except when they engaged an enemy. It seems that the dilletanti of Rome held them in great estima- tion, as we are informed that the mules of Nero and Poppea were shod with gold and silver — not plates, as iron shoes are now formed, but the whole hoof en- closed. Columella, who in the reign of the Emperer Claudius, published the most valuable treatise on the husbandry and economy of the Romans that nas been handed down to us, has given very particular directions for breeding asses and mules. He was a native of Cadiz, 16 172 MULES. and owned estates in Spain, where it appears that the linest mules were then bred. As it is not requisite to pursue our history of the mule any farther among the ancients, we shall drop their appellation of m«/e and female ass, and adopt the modern one of Jack and Jennet. Spain has continued to support the reputation for a superior race of mules to the present period : and it is probable, that the Arabian breed of Jacks were intro- duced by the Moors, when they lield possession of that fine country, which, by crosses and the effects of climate and soil, have formed two valuable races, which we shall notice in the sequel. The Portuguese race have been generally considered as differing but little from the Spanish ; those, however, that have come within my view appear evidently inferior. It was not until near the close of the sixteenth century, that coaches were used in France ; before which, it is said, the nobles rode to court, parliament, &c. on mules, that were brought from the vicinity of the Alps and Pyrenees. They were usually black, of large size, well made, and mostly bred from fine Spanish mares. Savoy has long been noted for an excellent breed of mules. None very extraordinary are found in Italy : those used by the Velterino, are strong and of a respet-'table size, but of a sluggish and debased spirit. Very little can be said of those animals in Great Britain. The Catholic prelates brought ovei a number of superb mules, prior to the Reformation, but in the reign of Elizabeth so little was known of them, that a writer of that period says, " in Devon- shire some were produced by a Jack brought from France, and were knocked on the head by the people, who viewed them as monsters." A superior race of mules were bred in Flanders from Jacks introduced by MULES, 173 the Spanish monarchs while they held dominion in that country. Fifty of them were brought to England by the Duke of Cumberland, presented him by the Empress Queen, and from their beautiful appearance, engaged the attention of a few individuals ; but the spirit soon subsided, notwithstanding those who bred and used them were warm in praise of their utility. Among a voluminous mass of treatises on agricul- ture and rural economy, published in that country for near a centmy past, scarce a line can be found devoted to the mule ; except by Dr. Anderson, who, in his "Recreations in Agriculture," has made a few judi- cious remarks on the subject. In Sir George Staunton's account of l^ord Macart- * ney's embassy to China, we are told that mules are valued in that economical, empire at a much higher price than horses. In our own country, prior to the war of the revolution, a few Jacks of an ordinary kind were imported ; a small number of mules bred ; and all exported to the West Indies. I have reference to New England, as I am not aware that anv attention was paid to the system in the middle, or Southern States, though it is not improbable that some valuable mules may have been raised by the farmers and plan- ters for their own use. When peace took place, the price of mules in the West Indies excited attention to the breeding of them, which was principally confined to Connecticut ; and several cargoes of the small race of Jacks were imported from the Cape de Verd Islands, and St, Michael's, one of the Azores. Tt should be observed, that the exportation of Jacks from Spahi or any of her colonies, was strictly prohibited, and continued to be until after the peninsular war. — There might have been, however, a few smuggled, 1 74 MULES. from the Spanish part of Hispaniola into Cape Fran- cois, and from thence introduced, but they were A^astly mferior to the Spanish Jacks. From this miserable stock a system of breeding mules commenced, the best calculated to deteriorate any race of animals that has been, or could be devised, since their creation. The purchaser of a Jack when about to commence mule dealer, made little inquiry concerning him but of his capacity to propagate a mule. He placed him in a district where there was the greatest number of mares of qualities so inferior that their colts would not com- pensate their owners for the expense of taking them to a horse, and contracted to purchase their mules at four months old. Those are kept in herds, with pre- carious shelter in winter, having ample opportunities afforded them, to mature and transfer that propensity for kicking, which seems at first merely playful, into an habitual means of defence, to be exercised when the biped or any other race of animals approach them. In this kicking seminary they remain two years, and are then driven to market. At subsequent periods, a few Jacks of higher grades were procured, from which a small number of good sized mules were bred, and a few of them broke. The breed of Jacks have some- what improved, and mule dealers are now located in most of the New England States and some parts of New York. But the system as above detailed, with few exceptions, has continued ; and it is from such a race of Jacks and such a system of breeding and management, that the mules have been produced, with which the farmers and planters of Maryland, Virginia, and the Southern States, have been supplied from New England ; and such have furnished a criterion for a great portion of our countrymen to form an estimate of the value and properties of this degraded animal. MULES. 175 [t affords great pleasure to be enabled, for a short time at least, to pursue our investigations in a higher sphere. Several of my friends who had viewed the Jacks and mules, at Mount Vernon, in the life time of Ge- neral Washington, gave such glowing descriptions ol them, and understanding that part of that stock was inherited by George W. P. Custis, Esq. I was induced to address a few queries to him on this subject ; this gentleman with his characteristic urbanity, very promptly furnished replies, with liberty to make such use of them as I pleased, and I cannot do better than to transcribe them from a letter received about three years since. Mr. Custis observes: " The Royal Gift and Knight of Malta, were sent to General Washington about the year 1787 — the Gift with a Jennet a present from the King of Spain ; and said to have been selected from the royal stud. The Knight I believe was from the Marquis de Lafayette, and shipped from Marseilles. The Gift was a huge and ill shapen Jack, near sixteen hands high, very large head, clumsy limbs, and to all appearance little calculated for active service ; he was of a grey colour, probably not young when imported, and died at Mount Vernon but little valued for his mules, which were unwieldly and dull. The Knight was of a mo- derate size, clean limbed, great activity, the fire and ferocity of a tiger, a dark brown, nearly black colour, white belly and muzzle ; could only be managed by one groom, and that always at considerable personal risk. He lived to a great age, and was so infirm to- wards the last as to require lifting. He died on my estate in New Kent, in the State of Virginia, about 1802 or 1803. His mules were all active, spirited, 16* no MULES. and serviceable ; and from stout mares attained con- si-derab'e size. " General Washington bred a favourite Jack called Compound, from the cross of Spanish and Maltese. The Knight upon the imported Spanish Jennet. This Jack was a very superior animal ; very long bodied, well set, with all the qualities of the Knight, and the weight of the Spanish. He was sire of some of the finest mules at Mount Vernon, and died from accident. The General bred mules from his best coach mares, and found the value of the mule to bear a just propor- tion to the value of the dam. Four mules sold at the sale of his effects, for upwards of $800 : and two more pairs at upwards of $400 each pair ; one pair of these mules were nearly sixteen hands high. The only Jacks I know of at present, of the genuine Mount Vernon stock, are, one sold by me to Judge Johnson, of South Carolina, for five hundred dollars, at two years old ; one given by me to Wilh'am Fitzhugh, Esq. of Ravensworth, and one which I believe is pos- sessed by my uncle, Geore Calvert, Esq. of Rivers- dale. " The Jack purchased by J udge Johnson, I have understood, has a very high reputation in the South. "Upon losing my groom (Peter) who was the first and last groom to the Mount Vernon Jacks, I parted with my stock. " There are many Jacks that have come into the country of late years, but of their value and proper- ties I am unable to speak, though I rather presume they are generally small, and only fitted to get mules for the cotton cultivation in the light lands of the South. Some very fine mules are raised about Hagerstown, Maryland, from Jacks of the old breed ; they are bred from stout wagon mares. MULES, 17'i " As to my opinion of the value of mules, J shall always appear extravagant. I have scarce a horse on my estates for agricultural purposes, nor would 1 ac ceptof one as a gift, (except for road wagons,) of which I have no need, as my property lies on navigable water. Nothing ever was so good as mules for the uses of this, our southern country ; they live longer, eat less, and above all, are better suited to our slaves, than any other animal could possibly be: their strength, patient endurance of privation and hardships, slender pasturage, exposure — and in short, all those ills to which animals are subject where slaves are their masters, give to mules a decided preference in all the agricultural States of the South. " I do not know of any being trained to the pur- poses of pleasure carriages. They are often ridden, and go pleasantly, with great surety of foot. 1 have no doubt but that in time, they will generally be used for carriages, and would particularly suit mail coaches; they are very swift, and have great durability in travelling." The Knight of Malta, mentioned by Mr. Custis, was unquestionably the fii'st Maltese Jack ever brought to the United States. The second came in the frigate Constitution, on her return I think, from her first cruise in the Mediterranean ; and I have understood was sold in the district of Columbia, or one of the adjoining States. Since that time a number have been intro- duced by officers of the navy from Malta, and the large Spanish breed from Minorca and Majorca. From the Mount Vernon and those stocks, some fine mules have been bred in the middle States, and probably farther South. A few valuable Maltese Jacks have been imported in merchant ships. 1 78 MULES. The impressions received, when on a visit to the West Indies in my youth, by observing, on the sugar plantations, the severe labour performed by mules in cane mills, induced me when I commenced farming, to purchase the first w^ell broke mule I could light on ; and notwithstanding he was so small as to require a vehicle and harness constructed purposely for him, his services were found so valuable, and the economy of using those animals so evident, that I was stimulated to great exertions for procuring several others of larger size ; in this I succeeded, after great difficulty, to such an extent, as to have had more labour per- formed by them on farm and road, for thirty years past, than any pesron I presume, in New England ; and every day's experience has served to fortify my conviction of the superior utility of the mule over the horse, for all the purposes for which I have proposed him as a candidate. And it should be considered, that those I have used were of an ordinary breed, vastly inferior to such as may be easily produced in our country, by attention to the introduction of a suitable race of Jacks, and a proper system of breeding and management. The question occurs, how is this to be effected ? I will premise, that there exists a strong analogy between three varieties of the horse, and those of the domestic ass, considered the most valuable. We have the Arabian, the hunter, and the stout cart-horse. There is the heavy Spanish Jack, with long slouching ears, which Mr. Custis has described, that answers to the cart-horse ; another Spanish breed called the Anda- lusian, with ears shorter and erect, of tolerable size, plenty of bone, active, more spirited, and answering to the hunter. Then comes the Arabian Jack, with ears always erect, of a delicate form, fine limbs, and full of fire and spirit. Judicious crosses from these MULES, 1 79 varieties, will be required to produce such kind of mules as may be wanted for general purposes. From the small Jack of African origin, with a list down his back and shoulders, are bred a small race of mules, by far the most hardy of any. With attention to selection in breeding the Jacks, with, perhaps, a dash of some cross of the foregoing description, a stock ot mules may be produced, preferable to all others for the light lands and cotton culture of the middle and Southern States. To procure any number of Arabian Jacks from their native country, is hardly practicable at the pre- sent time. Egypt has been celebrated by Sonnini and other travellers, for superb Jacks of the Arabian breed, which probably has been often improved by those introduced by the pilgrims from Mecca. I ap- prehend no great difficulty in obtaining them from that country. There is, however, no question but the Maltese Jacks are of the Arabian race, more or less desrenerated. The most of those brought to this country that 1 have seen, were selected on account of their size, and had been used to the draught. I should recommend the selection of those that are esteemed most suitable for the saddle, as likely to possess greatei purity of blood. A Jack of this kind, was a number of years since imported from Gibraltar, that had been selected by a British officer at Malta ; and very much resembled the Knight of Malta described by Mr. Custis. I found upon a careful examination, that he differed but little from the description I had heard and read of the true Arabian race ; indeed I could dis- cover some prominent points and marks, that agreed with those found by professor Pallas to belong to the Hemionus or wild mule of Mongalia. From this Jack have bred a stock, out of a large Spanish Jenne* ol 1 80 MULES. ihe Andalusian breed, that correspond very minutely with Mr. Custis's description of Compound bred by General Washington, and also a mule, that now, not three years old, stands fifteen hands, and lias other points of great promise. Such have been the ravages of war and anarchy in Spain for a long time past, that the fine race of Jacks that country once possessed have become almost ex- tinct. In Majorca, and probably some part of the coast 01 Spain opjwsite, the large breed may be ob- tained ; and there formerly was a superior race in Andalusia, which it is hoped have been preserved. — Crosses on one of these breeds by the Arabian or Mal- tese, I consider indispensable to furnish a race of Jacks for the production of the most desirable mules, uniting the weight and bone of one, with the spirit and vigour of ihe other, although their height will in a great mea- sure depend on the mares, yet if sired by full blooded Maltese Jacks, their limbs are too slender and their pasterns too long for heavy draught ; but for the saddle, especially from blood mares, they are admira- ble, and out of stout mares suitable for light carriages. My attention has been but lately directed to breed- ing mules ; and those intended only for my own use. The system adopted is to halter them at four months, and have the males emasculated before six months old, wnich has great influence on their future conduct, aud is attended with much less hazard and trouble, than if delayed until they are one or two years old, as is the general practice. If they are treated gently and fed occasionally out of the hand, with corn, potatoes, &c. they soon become attached; and when they find that " every man's hand is not against them," will have no propensity to direct their heels against him, and soon forget they have the power. In winter they should MULES. 181 be tied up in separate stalls, and often rubbed down. By such treatment there is not more danger of having a vicious mule than a vicious horse ; and I am deci- dedly of opinion, that a high spirited mule so managed and well broke, will not jeopardize the Uves or Hmbs of men, women, or children by any means so much as a high spirited horse, however well he may have been trained. The longevity of the mule has become so proverbial, that a purchaser seldom inquires his age. Pliny gives an account of one, taken from Grecian history, that was eighty years old; and though past labour, followed others, that were carrying materials to build the temple of Minerva, at Athens, and seemed to wish to assist them ; which so pleased the people, that they ordered he should have free egress to the grain market. Dr. Rees mentions two that were seventy years old in England. I saw myself in the West Indies a mule perform his task in a cane-mill, that his owner assured me was forty years old. I now own a mare mule twenty-five years old, that I have had in constant work twenty-one years, and can discover no diminution in her powers ; she has within a year past often taken upwards of a ton weight in a wagon to Boston, a distance of more than five miles. A gentleman in my neighbourhood has owned a very large mule about fourteen years, that cannot be less than twenty-eigh* years old. He informed me a few days since, that he could not perceive the least failure in him, and would not exchange him for any farm horse in the countiy. And I am just informed, from a source entitled to perfect confidence, that a highly respectable gentleman and eminent agriculturist, near Centre ville, on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, owns a mule that is 182 MULES. thirty-five years old, as capable of labour as at any former period. The great Roman naturaUst, in one of the most beautiful passages of his elaborate history of nature, observes that " the earth is constantly teased more to furnish the luxuries of man than his necessities."* — We can have no doubt but that the remark applied with great justice to the habits of the Romans in the time of Pliny; and I am much mistaken if ample proofs cannot be adduced, that it will lose none of its force or truth, at this present period, in all northern climates, or any section of the United States where the horse is employed for agriculture as well as for pleasure. Far be it from me, however, to disparage this noble animal ; on the contrary, I feel a strong attachment for him, and at the same time a full convic- tion, that the substitution of the mule, for the purposes before stated, as extensively as may be consistent with the requisite production of each species, will have the effect of restoring the horse to the station from which he has been degraded, and place him as in form.er ages, upon a more dignified footing, an object of ac knowledged luxury ; and thereby introduce a more * " It is the earth that, like a kind mother receives us at our birth, and sustains us when born. It is this alone, of all the ele- ments around us, that is never found an enemy to man. The body of waters deluge him with rains, oppress him with hail, and drown him with inundations ; the air rushes on in storms, prepares the tempest, or lights up the volcano ; but the earth, gentle and indul- gent, ever subservient to the wants of man, spreads his walks with flowers, and his table with plenty ; returns with interest every good committed to her care, and though she produces the poison, she still supplies the antidote, though constantly teased more to furnish tlie luxuries of man, than his necessities, yet even to the last, she continues her kind indulgence, and when life is over, she piously hides his remains in her bosom." Plinjj's Natural History, Book II. Chap. 63. MULES. 183 correct system of breeding and management, in which our countrymen are so generally deficient, consequently more perfect animals and such an advance in the price of them, that will afford the farmer what he is now a stranger to — such remuneration as will make his brood mares a profitable species of stock. And it is obvious that the system will be followed by an improvement in the breed of mules, in the same ratio as the miserable race of scrub mares, which are now consuming the profits of agriculture, shall become extinct. It does not appear that the horse was employed by the ancients for any purpose of husbandry. The ox and ass drew the plough and the wain, and performed all kinds of drudgery until after the feudal system was established in Europe, when the numerous retainers of the feudal lords, who held their lands by the tenure of performing knight's service, found themselves under the necessity of making the horses they were obliged to keep, contribute towards their support in the culti- vation. From this time I believe, we may date, and from this cause may be attributed the introduction of the horse for the purposes of agriculture. Since that period, the history of Europe is little else than the annals of war and its preparations ; and no material for that scourge, except the deluded human victims, seems more necessary than the horse — accordingly we find that throughout the whole country, from the Rhine or the Seine, to beyond the Danube and Vistula, which has. been the principal arena, the system of agriculture has embraced, extensively, the breeding of horses of different grades and forms adapted to the several uses in war. Indeed whole provinces were appropriated almost exclusively to the rearing those animals for disposal to the different combatants ; and it must be 17 184 MULES. obvious, that their general use in husbandrj'-, at the same time, would follow as a necessary consequence. It cannot be expected therefore, but that the DuTch and Germans who have emigrated to our country, should bring with them such strong predilections ioi the horse, which have continued with most of their descendantSj especially in those sections where com- munities of that respectable and industrious portion of our po{)ulation have been located. In Great Bi-itain, to the causes which have produced the effects described on the continent, may be added the insular position of the United Kingdoms, vulnerable from numberless and distant points, the horse has been considered, in connexion with the uncon{]uerable spirit of the nation, as one of the most efficient means of repelling inva- sion : a circumstance that would of itself be sufficient to account for the over-weaning attachment to this animal. But identified as his services have been for a long period, with the convenience, sports, and recrea- tions, of all ranks and classes, and the science of breeding and training, forming a characteristic feature, it could not excite surprise, if the approach of that terrible spectre famine, should produce little or no effect in the reduction of the number. And although some of the most distinguished characters in the nation, eminent for their practical knowledge in rural econ- omy, have been for half a century advocating the substitution of the -ox for the purposes of agriculture, and demonstrating the feasibility, economy, and vast saving of food, yet it is said the number of labouring oxen have lately diminished and horses increased. Five millions of the latter are now supposed to subsist m the United Kingdom, and two-thirds employed in husbandry — consuming, at a moderate estimate, the MULES. 185 product of twenty millions of highly cultivated acres !* And what is the consequence ? consumption follows so close upon supply, that at every season of harvest, let the preceding one be never so abundant, fast sailing vessels are found in the various ports, with their anchors atrip, to convey intelligence of the result, to all parts of the world where a sui'plus of bread corn is grown — exciting such an interest in our own country, that the farmer on the shores of Erie and Ontario, and on the banks of the Ohio, may be seen reading bulletins of Bjitish weather — the rain and sunshine of every day in August and the two following months — often within thirty days after the time of their publication in London or Liverpool, Can it be supposed that in a countr;^ where an attachment to the horse borders so nearly upon infatuation, that the question of the utility of the mule as a substitute, would be seriously agitated, or engage scarce a momentary investigation ? In no country is the mule better adapted to all the purposes of husbandry, for which the horse is used, than in every section of our own. And it would be highly desirable to be able to exhibit a calculation ol the actual saving, in dollars and cents, by his employ- ment — but unfortunately no correct data can be had. And as I consider such calculations, unless founded upon experimental facts, and those multiphed, to be as " tinkling cymbals," I shall merely submit a desultory * Mr. Pitt, in an able " Essay on the consumption of corn," published by the Board of Agriculture, in 1806, estimates that each draught horse, employed on roads, canals, and mines, in pleasure carriages of all descriptions, and carts in cities, consume the average product of four acres for oats and beans, and three acres for hay. It is stated in the same essay, that " the aggregate of oats imported into England (only) for twenty years, ending in 1797, amounted to the enormous quantity of 8,655,046 quarters'' — upwards of sixty-nine millions of bushels .' 186 MULES. comparison between the mule and the horse, derived from such facts as my own experience, and information from authentic sources, will justify the assumption of. From what has been stated respecting the longevity of the mule, I think it may be fairly assumed, that he does not deteriorate more rapidly after twenty years of age, than the horse after ten, allowing the same extent of work and similar treatment to each. The contrast in the mule's freedom from malady or disease, compared with the horse, is not less striking. Arthur Young, during his tour in Ireland, was informed that a gentleman had lost several fine mules by feeding them on wheat straw cut — and I have been informed that a mule dealer, in the western part of New York, attributed the loss of a number of young mules, in a severe winter, when his hay was exhausted, to feeding them exclusively on cut straw and Indian corn meal. In no other instance have I ever heard or known of a mule being attacked with any disorder or complaint, except two or three cases of inflammation of the intes- tines, caused by gross neglect in permitting them to remain exposed to cold and wet, when in a high state of perspiration after severe labour, and drinking to excess of cold water. From his light frame and more cautious movements, the mule is less subject to casualties than the horse. Indeed, it is not improbable, but a farmer may work the same team of mules above twenty years and never be presented with a farrier's bill, or find it necessary to exercise the art himself. Sir John Sinclair, in his " Reports on the Agricul- ture of Scotland," remarks that " if the whole period of a horse's labour be fifteen years, the first six may be equal in value to that of the remaining nine : there- fore, a horse of ten years old after working six years MULES. 187: may be worth half his original value." He estimates the annual decline of a horse to be equal to fifty per cent, on his price every six years, and supposes one out of twenty-five that are regularly employed in agricul- ture, to die every year : constituting a charge of four per cent, per annum for insurance against diseases and accidents. He considers five acres of land, of medium quality, necessary for the maintenance of each horse, and the annual expense, including harness, shoeing, farriery, insurance, and decline in value, allowing him to cost two hundred dollars, to exceed that sum about five per cent, which is the only difference between the estimate of this illustrious and accurate agriculturist, and that of a respectable committee of the Farmers' Society of Barnwell district. South Carolina, who, in a report published in the Charleston Courier, of 23d of February last, state, that " the annual expense ot keeping a horse is equal to his value !" The same committee also state, that " at four years old a horse will seldom sell for more than the expense of rearing him." That " the superiority of the mule over the horse, had long been appreciated by some of their most judicious planters — that two mules could be raised at less expense than one horse — that a mule is fit for service at an earlier period, if of sufficient size — will perform as much labour, and if attended to when first put to work, his gait and habits may be formed to suit the taste of the owner." This report may be con- sidered a most valuable document, emanating as it does, from enlightened practical farmers and planters, in a section of country where we may suppose a horse can be maintained cheaper than in Maryland or any State farther North. J am convinced that the small breed of mules will consume less in proportion to the labour they are 17* 188 MULES. capable of performing, than the large race, h\A I shall confine the comparison to the latter — those that stand from fourteen and a half to rising of fifteen hands, and equal to any labour that a horse is usually put to. From repeated experiments in the course of two win- ters, I found that three mules of this description, that were constantly at work, consumed about the same quantity of hay, and only one fourth the provender that was given to two middling sized coach horses moderately worked. And from many years' attentive observation, I am led to believe that a large sized mule will not require more than three-fifths to two-thirds the food to keep him in good order, that will be necessary for a horse performing the same extent of labour. Although a mule will work and endure on such mean and hard fare, that a horse would soon give out upon, he has an equal relish for that which is good ; and it is strict economy to indulge him, for no animal will pay better for extra keep, by extra work. But if by hard fare, or hard work, he is reduced to a skeleton, two or three weeks' rest and good keeping will put him in flesh and high condition for labour. I have witnessed several such examples with subjects twenty years old ; so much cannot be said of a horse at that age. The expense of shoeing a mule the year round, does not amount to more than one-third that of a horse, his hoofs being harder, more horny, and so slow in their growth, the shoes require no removal, and hold on till worn out — and the wear, from the lightness of the animal, is much less. In answer to tiie charge generally prevalent against the mule, that he is " vicious, stubborn and slow," 1 ran assert, that out of about twenty that have been employed on my estate, at different periods during a course of thirty years, and those picked up chiefly on MULES. 189 account of their size and spirit, wherever they could be found, one only had any vicious propensities, and those might have been subdued by proper management when young. I have always found them truer pullers and quicker travellers with a load, than horses. Their vision and hearing is much more accurate. I have i;sed them in my family carriage, in a gig, and under the saddle: and have never known one to start or run from any object or noise : a fault in the horse that continually causes the maiming and death of numbei's of human beings. The mule is more steady in his draught and less likely to waste his strength than tiie horse : hence more suitable to work with oxen ; and as he walks faster, will habituate them to a quicker gait. — But for none of the purposes of agriculture does his superiority appear more conspicuous than ploughmg among crops, his feet being smaller and follow each other so much more in a line, that he seldom treads down the ridges or crops. The facility of instructing him to obey implicitly the voice of his driver or the ploughman, is astonishing. The best ploughed tillage land 1 ever saw, I have had performed by two mules tandem, without lines or driver. There is one plausible objection often uiged against the mule, that "on deep soils and deep roads, his feet being so much smaller than those of the horse, sink farther in ; but it should be considered that he can extricate them with as much greater facility. Few can be ignorant of the capacity of the mule to endure labour in a temperature of heat that would be destructive to the horse, who have any knowledge of the preference for him merely on that account, in the West Indies, and in the Southern States. It is full time to bring our comparison to a close, which I shall do by assuming the position, that the 190 MULES, larmer who substitutes mules for horses, will have this poi'tion of his animal labour performed, with the expense of one spire of grass instead of two ; which may be equal, so far, to making "two spires grow where one grew before." For although a large sized mule will consume somewhat more than half the food necessary for the horse, as has been observed, yet if we take into account the savmg in expense of shoeing, farriery, and insurance against diseases and accidents, we may safely affirm, that a c'ear saving of one half can be fully substantiated. But in addition to this, the mule farmer may calculate, with tolerable certainty, upon the continuation of his capital for thirty years : whereas the horse farmer at the expiration of fifteen years, must look to his crops, to his acres, or a bank, for the renewal of his — or perhaps, what is worse, he must commence horse jockey at an early period. The intense interest with which the public mind is at present 0(;cupied on the subject of canals now in operation and progress, encourages me to offer the mule as an important auxiliary in the economy of their management ; as I trust, it will not be denied, that on the cheapness of transportation on them, depends their utility as well as profit to the stockholders. The mule seems so peculiarly adapted for the labour on canals, that compared with the horse, he may be considered almost equal to a locomotive power engine. Among the advantages we have enumerated respecting his use HI husbandry, the most of which are applicable to canal labour, that of the much greater security from diseases and casualties, which must necessarily require a great number of supernumerary horses, to prevent interrup- tion in the line of passage, is not the least important, nor is the very trifling expense at which the mule can ue supported during the winter months, as he will bear MULES, 101 being taken off his feed till the boats are about to be launched in the spring, and in a few days can be made fit for eilicient duty — while a horse will require at least half feed if he does nothing, or must be fed high for some time before he can resume the labour that will be demanded of him. The same advantages may be derived by his employment on railways. In a communication published in the Utica Observer, the IGth of May, inst. by Henry Seymour, Esq. one of the canal commissioners of New York, it is stated that a packet boat on the Erie Canal, requires a team of three horses to tow sixteen miles, going eighty miles in the twenty-four hours, including stoppages and detention at locks ; the relays demanding fifteen horses for each nautical day. If it takes five days for a boat to be towed from Lake Erie to the Hudson, seventy-five horses will be required. I am not certain but it may be done in a less time, but as there must always be supernumeraries kept, we shall be within bounds to estimate that number. In the same communication the expense of each horse is estimated at fifty cents per day, I presume for subsistence only, without reference to interest or deterioration of capital, for the object of the estimate seems merely to show a comparison between the packet boats and freight boats, on a ques- tion of profit and loss: as it is remarked that "many contingent expenses might be added to both." Taking this data, it will cost thirty-five dollars per day for the horse subsistence of a single packet boat. The freight boats require two, and allowing for the time occupied in taking in and discharging their cargoes, with the other necessary detentions, average forty miles per day — which being double the time of the packet boats, although they may not require the same number of relays, the expense cannot materially diftei. From 1 92 MULES. ihese premises we may conclude, that for every boat ria\-igating the grand Erie Canal, there must be ex- pended three hundred and seventy-five dollars for the subsistence of the horses, each time they tow her from the Lake to the Hudson and back.* Now, if this can be done as eflectually by mules for one half this sum, and with an extension of capital free of interest, fifteen /ears longer than that vested in horses, the aggregate of this immense saving will appear by ascertaining the number of boats at the present time on the canal. But this is out of my power, and I should, perhaps, lead the reader nearer the verge of incredulity, were I to offer my prediction what that number will be thii'ty years hence, the ordinary period of a mule's labour, and which will then be some years less than a single century since the prime mover and gii-ardian of this stupendous undertaking, the present Governor (De Witt Clinton) of New York, first saw the light of Heaven. I cannot resist an impulse to exhibit the mule in one other point of view. For the movement o^ machinery, the employment of this animal, when judiciously selected, has met with a most decided preference, in comparison with the horse, independent of the eco- nomy in using him. And if we consider the rapid and probably progressive increase of labour-saving machines, in every department where they can be made subservient to the requirements of society, it is * This estimate (three hundred and seventy-five dollars) is the maximum of expense for subsistence and other items, supposing the whole number of horses sliould be required for one boat ; but they will unquestionably be employed for a succession of other boats. And should all the relays perform a tour on the line every day, the minimum of expense would be seventy-five dollars for each l)oat. Facts derived from further information may enable us to fix the medium MULES. 193 evident that there will be a corresponding aemand for animal power, as well as for that more potent, derived from the elements ; and although tne latter may vastly predominate, yet should tlie horse be employed, and his increase for other purposes continue, as it now does in the ratio of population, the number, at no very distant period, may become as alarming in our own, as it is at present in our mother country. And not- withstanding we may feel secure, from the extent of our territory and extreme diversity of soil and climate, but, above all, from being in possession of Indian corn — the golden fleece found by our " pilgrim fathers," when they first landed on these shores ; yet such peculiar advantages may not insure us against the visitations of one of the most distressing calamities that a feeling community can possibly be subjected to. Brighton, Mass. May 27, 1825. APPENDIX MASON'S farrier: CONTAINING OBSERVATIONS AND RECEIPTS FOR THE CURE OF MOST OF THE COMMON DISTEMPERS, INCIDENT TO HORS£S, OXEW, COWS, CALVES, SHEEP, EAMBS, SWI]¥E, DOGS, &c. &c. SEIECTED FROM VARIOUS AUTHOR? APPENDIX. ^e@e« OF THE DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 1. The diseases of the horse are as numerous and e. 2. Condition of Horses. — Being in condition, in stable language, signifies not only perfect health internally, but such an appear, ance externally, as the philosopher would call unnatural, or at least artificial : while the amateur considers it as an essential requi- site to the other qualities of the horse. This external condition is denoted by a sleek, short, shining coat, with a degree of flesh neither bordering on fatness nor emaciation. Even in this sense of the term, condition must be varied according to the uses of the a limal. In the cart horse, provided there be a sleekness of coat, looseness of hide, sound wind, freedom from grease or swelled legs, with good digestion ; a fulness and rotundity of bulk, instead of detracting from his beauty or impeding his exertions, will add to the one and assist the other. In the coach horse, the hackney, tlie hunter, and the racer, a different condition is expected, varying in different degrees from that of the cart horse. In both cart horse and racer, it is equally necessary that the various internal organs should be in a state to act uninterruptedly for the benefit of the whole ; but in addition to this, it is necessary to the racer, that the greatest possible quantity of animal fibres should be condensed into the smallest possible bulk, and that the absorption of all useless fat and other interstitial matter should be promoted by every possible means, as essentially necessary to unite lightness of body with full strength and elasticity. It is in the attempts to produce Buch a state in its full perfection, that all the secrets of training consist ■ but whether a total departure from natural rules, by DISEASES OF HORSES. IGflf ttnnalural heat, deprivation of light, stimulating food, restraint from water, and excessive clothing, are best calculated to promote it, admits of much doubt ; and it is to be observed that the dawn of reason and science appears to be shining through the crevices of these darkened casements ; for even at Newmarket the system has lately much relaxed from its artificial rigor. 3. To bring a horse into condition, not only should the purposes he is intended for be taken into account, but also his previous state. If he be taken up from grass with much flesh on him, it is evident that what is required is to remove the soft instertitial mat- ter it may be supposed he has gained by green food, and to replace it by hard flesh ; and also to produce a sleekness of coat and beauty of appearance. To accomplish these ends, the horse should be accustomed to clothing and the full heat of the stable by degrees only ; and also by degrees only to the meditated change of food ; which is best done by mashes. In two or three days a mild dose of physic may be given, during all which moderate exercise only should be allowed, as walking, but which may be continued two hours at a time. After the physic has set, begin to dress his coat, increase his exercise and his food, and accustom him to an increase of warmth. In four or five days time again mash him for two days and give a second dose of physic, a little stronger than the first. (123) After this still further increase his warmth, his exercise, and his food, by which his belly will be taken up, his flesh will harden and his coat begin to fall. A third dose of physic or urine Vails, &c. are only necessary in the training of hunters, &c. and even in these, a gradual increase of exercise, rather long continued than violent, with proper food, will effect the end, if not so quickly, more beneficially to the animal. To bring a lean horse into condi. tion, a somewhat different plan should be pursued. If from grass, still mash him for a day or two, by no means stint him in hi-s water, and with his mash let oats be also soaked. If oats be speared or malted, it will produce flesh sooner. But even here, give the horse moderate walking exercise, and if he be not too much reduced, add a mild dose of physic to prevent his heels flying, or his getting hide-bound by the increased food ; but if great emaciation forbid the pliysic, give him nightly an alterative. {Vet. Pharm. 129, No. l.t As his appearance improves, gradually harden his food and increase his exercise. « 4. Diseased condition of horses. What has been already said relates to that alteration from one state to another, neither being an 18* 200 DISEASES OF HORSES. unheaUby one, which custom has rendered necessary ; thus a man in training for running or fighting, and a man out of training, are both considered equally healthy. But there are circumstances that produce a morbid state of condition different from all these. It is common to hear persons say " my horse is sadly out of condition, and I cannot tell either what is the matter with him, or how to get him into better case." Various are the causes that may produce this : a sudden alteration of the food, or temperature, or of habits altogether, may become a cause. Removing a horse from grass to a heated stable, full feeding, and hard exercise, will often do it : therefore these changes should always be gradual. Bad food, as mow-burnt hay, musty oats, beans, &c., likewise mineral waters, foul lir, &.C,, are frequent causes. Diabetes, or profuse staling, is often brouglit on by these means, and the condition of the horse becomes greatly reduced. It is requisite, therefore, to enquire whether any of these errors are in existence, and to immediately remove them : but it often happens that the stomach has become relaxed and the hide become bound ; neither of which readily remove, even though tlie original evil may be amended. When the relaxed stomach has produced lampas, treat the mouth as described under that disease (25,) but the stomach itself must be principally attended to. — First mash and give a dose of physic ; after it has set, com»nence the treatment, if the horse be of a full habit, by moderate bleeding and a nightly alterative. (Vet. Pharm. 129, No, 1 or 2.) Buf if he be not in full, but in low flesh, commence by a daily tonic, (Vet. Pharm. 130, No. 1 or 2,) which will gradu- ally remove the swelling within the mouth, and loosen the hide. A sudden cold applied to the skm often brings on a want of con- dition with surfeit. In which case, bleeding, with nightly altera. tive, (Vet. Pharm. 129, No. 1 or 2,) with or without an assistant dose of physic, as the habits of the horse may require, constitute the proper treatment. Worms form another cause of morbid con- dition which are to be removed as described (57.) Excessive fatigue is also productive of a bad state of condition, which often proves very obstinate. Turning out to very good grass is the quickest care, and when that is impracticable, soiling in the stable, or feeding with carrots, parsnips, beet root, &,c. will be food restora- tives ; as medicines give tonics daily. (Vet. Pharm. 130, No. 1 or 2.) It will be only necessary to add, that in considering the state of a horse's condition, the effect is apt to be mistaken for the cause, and the symptoms for the disease. Hide-bound and lampas are not in themselves any thing more than effects, or symptoms ; the former being commonly, and the latter always dependent on a deranged DISEASES OF HORSES. 801 state of the stomach : both are therefore to be treated accoraingly. Exactly the same will apply to all the other symptoms of morbid condition. Injlammatory Diseases of the Horse. 5. TJie injlammatory diseases of the horse are nu- merous, but his fevers are few : a febrile state being generally brought on by the inflammation of some itnportant organ. Inflammation may be considered as general or diflTused, and local or confined, and both seem to arise from an affection of the blood vessels, and perhaps from a peculiar state of the blood itself G. General or diffused injlammation constitutes fever or extensive inflammatory affection, and appears to consist in an increased action of the heart and arte- ries, accompanied with an increase of heat. In some instances where the fever is purely symptomatic, and dependent on the inflammation of some important organ, as the lungs, or the intestines, the circulation appears retarded rather than increased, from interrup- tion arising to its passage through the heart. 7. Local or confined infiammation is also dependent on an aflfection of the blood vessels, but confined prin- cipally to the blood vessels of the part affected. It is betokened by redness in the skin, tumour or swelling, heat and tenderness, with pain. Inflammations, both diffljsed and local, are brought on by excitements, such as over feeding, excessive heat, reaction produced aftei cold, and the reaction produced by inordinate exertion. Those more exterior, arise from injuries, the appli- cation of improper substances, &c. Inflammations terminate in various ways ; but it is to be remarked, that in consequence of the very large circulatory system of the horse, his febrile affections rage higher, 802 DISEASES OF HORSES. and terminate sooner tnan in man. The usual ter- mination of inflammatory affections in the horse, are by resolution, effusion, suppuration, and gangrene. tScirrhus is not at all a common termination of inflam- mation in the horse. 8. Inflammation of the brain, (phrentis) brain fever, phrensy fever, staggers, mad and sleepy. There are few diseases more likely to be mistaken by inexperienced farriers than this ; it is not to be wondered at, therefore, if indifferent persons should be led into error by it. It appears in two forms, a violent frantic one, and a sleepy lethargic one ; and the latter appearance is also common to a disease, not dependent as this is, on idiopathic inflammation of the brain ; but on a paralytic affection of the stomach, and thence it is called stomach staggers. This latter affection, however, may be distinguished from the former by attending to the colour of the eye- lids, nose linings, mouth, &c. which in stomach staggers are usually more yellow than red ; whereas in sleepy staggers, they are more red than yellow. Inflammation of the brain shew.s itself in general cases by disinclination to food and motion, drowsiness, accompanied by a heaviness and closing of the eyelids, with moisture and red- ness of them ; and also of the linings of tlie mouth and nose. Sometimes these symptoms increase, until the horse becomes comatose, and after a few frightful struggles, sinks to rise no more. In these cases the pulse is apt to be oppressed instead of in- creased. But most frequently after the first stages he becomes furious, plunges about, and is vicious to himself and others, ap- proaching to a state of madness, in which state he continues till he sinks from his own exertions, when he rises again to renew his violence. 9. The cause of staggers may be various : the immediate are cither an original accumulation of blood within the brain, or the translation of the inflammation of some organ to the brain : as a remote cause is often brought on by too full feeding, without suf- ficient exercise, and particularly in horses at one time working very hard, and at another suffered to remain inactive ; but which horses, whether used or not, are equally fed. Sudden cold, vio- lunce, &.C. may bring it on. 10 The treatment of staggers should be begun by abstracting a very large quantity of blood prom])tly, by opening both jugulars, DISEASES OF HORSES. 203 and letting tho horse bleed to the amount of ten or even twelve quarts; repeating the same until the delirium ceases. After the first bleeding, back rake, throw up a laxative clyster, (Vet Pharm. 143.) blister the head, promote a current of free air in the stable, and treat altogether as directed under v^thcr febrile m- fections. 11. Locked jaw, stag.evil, or tetanus, arises from cold, excessive fatigue, sometimes perhaps from worms, but more often from a wound of some part, as pricks in shoeing, &c. Such wound is seldom in a recent state ; but after two or three weeks continuance, sometimes after it has healed even : it follows docking, gelding and nicking frequently ; and is preceded by a flabby unhealthy state of the wound. It appears as an affection of the brain, which transmits its morbid irritation, particularly to the nerves attached to muscles, by which they become cramped, or may be considered as in a high state of action, giving the horse a peculiar look of energy, as though immediately stopped from full speed ; with his nostrils extended, his head raised, and his nose carried forward ; his legs straddle wide, and his tail is cocked and quivers, as after violent exercise. The jaws will now be found, if not closed, yet nearly so, when he is called jaw set. 12. The treatment is not often successful, but, however, it is sufficiently frequent that it is so, to deserve the utmost attention. Blaine informs us that enormous bleedings have succeeded ; but he places his principal dependence on the application of cold by means of ice, or of constant dashing with cold water, with an active blister applied the whole length of the spine. Balls of camphor and opium, to the amount of two drachms each, may be given every three hours. If any room remain in the mouth, the ball may be passed up by means of a stick, or it may be given as a drink by means of a syringe, and even when the mouth is entirely closed, he informs us we may give a drink by the nostrils. Moor- croft used cold also. Fearon, on the contrary, has experienced benefit from a bath, heated to ninety degrees, and kept at that temperature for three hours. White recommends camphor and opium ; Wilkinson of Newcastle, has been very successful by keeping up heat and stimulus over the skin in general, by means of newly stripped sheep skins put on hot. Perhaps if the body were previously rubbed with oil of turpentine one part, and common oil two parts, it might assist Wilkinson's plan. When locked iaw arises from nicking, it might be prudent for a veterinan 204 DISEASES Ot HORSES. eurgeon to dissect down on the nerves of the tail, and divide them ; and when from nicking, it would be advisable to cut off another portion of the tail, which practices in both instances would afford a moderate chance of saving the animal. It is necessary further to remark, that it is of great consequence that the bowels be kept free from faeces, by raking and clysters. With regard to the latter they are very important in this disease, as a medium, commonly the only one, of giving support. A horse has been kept alive on nourishing clysters alone, for seven or eight days. {Vet. Pkarm. 145.) 13. Catarrhal fever, epidemic catarrh, influenza, distemper, cold, morfoundering, ^c. These names apply to one common disease, which often in rainy, variable seasons appears as an epidemic, and affects thousands of horses at once. It is observed to be par ticularly prevalent in this form in the spring of some years, more than of others. It is not contagious like the more malignant form, but is brought on as an epidemic by the same causes being applied to nearly all subjects alike ; which are alterations of heat with cold, moisture, and dryness, &-c. In crowded cities and large towns, it is more prevalent than in more open situations, and it i'S more frequently found in the young than in aged horses. Where it does not exist as an epidemic, it is brought on by an accidental cold taken. It is of great consequence to distinguish it from pure inflammation of the lungs, with which it is very apt to be con- founded ; and which mistake is often a fatal one, from the treat- ment being in some essential particulars different. Inflammation of the lungs commences by a short cough, without much other disturbance to the health, than the pain it gives the horse to cough, but which is often so considerable as to make him stamp his feet while coughing. If a horse in the distemper coughs early, it is not a hollow, harsh sounding, and distressing cough of this kind — if he expresses uneasiness, it is principally from a sore throat, which is very common in distemper, but by no means common in pneumonia. The sore throat in distemper gives the horse a dis. position to refuse his food, or he chews it and lets the quid fall witnout swallowing it. He refuses water, particularly if it be placed on the ground ; his cough is quick, short, and usually sounds more moist than harsh and dry; but though common, this is noi mvariably the case ; his eyes are heavy and moist, his breathing \s quickened, and his ears and legs are alternately hot and cold. His nose on looking into it is redder than usual, and sometimes his glands as well submaxillary or jaw glands, as his parotid or DISEASES OF HORSES." 205 vives are tumefied. On the second or third day, excessive weaknesa comes on ; tlie cough becomes more painful, the pulse is quick, ened, and tlie nose begins to run. After which the horse either runs off the disease by this suppuration, or it goes on to destroy him by the height of the fever, and degree of weakness produced, or by suffocation from water in the chest. Now and then, although recovery takes place, an obstinate cough is left ; and in a few cases the disease terminates in glanders. 14. The treatment may in some cases be cut very shoit, foi as in almost every instance a shivering fit begins the disease, so when many horses are in a stable, and the disease is very prevalent, those who have not been attacked should be watched, and tho moment such an attack does take place, give of sweet spirit of nitre, or when not at hand of spirit of hartshorn, an ounce, in a pint of sound ale. Exercise the horse briskly, then well hand rub him, clothe him warmly; and it is more than probable that the disease will be cut short. But should it proceed, or should the disease have gone on unobserved to the appearance of the symp- tom detailed, begin by bleeding moderately, if the horse be not already weak; or if there have not appeared the running of matter from the nose. If there have, the bleeding had better be dispensed with, unless the fever appeir, from the quick full pulse and red. ness of the inner surface of the nostrils and eyelids, to be still so considerable as to require it ; in which case we must not be deterred from one moderate bleedin.g ; and which, if the febrile symptoms do not abate, may be even repeated. It will, however, in general cases, be advisable to avoid bleeding after the second day of the attack, or after the running has appeared from the nose, or after considerable weakness has come on. In all cases a very cool temperature is essentially requisite ; hot stables, or hot clothing are very pernicious, but particularly the former. A hood is not improper over the head, because it encourages the running to make an early appearance ; and for this reason a warm mash may advantageously be hung round the neck three or four times a day. Before the running commences, give night and morning, the fever powder {Vet. Pharm. 157, No. 1 or 2.) in a mash or drink ; after the running has come on, or as soon as the weakness has become considerable, give night and morning either of the fever drinks. (Vet, Pharm. 158, No. 3 or 4.) Malt mashes, when the weakness is great, are proper ; at other times, bran mashes with plenty of chilled water are best. To relieve the throat, rub the outside with mild liquid plaster, (Vet. Pharm. 142,) and if the vreather be warm enough to allow it, two or three hours taming 206 DISEASES OF HORSES, out in a field each day is proper. Green meat in the stable, when it can be procured, should likewise be given. 15. Malignant epidemic, murrain, or pest. Now and then the dis- temper or influenza assumes a character of uncommon malignance, which is happily not frequent here, but not unfrequent in conti- nental countries, sweeping off a third of the horses and kine, without any means being found sufiicient to arrest its progress. In these cases it is found highly contagious, attacking almost all the horses as well as cattle within its sphere of action, or which communicate with each other. Dr. Layard, and Osmer, English writers of established reputation, noticed the appearances ♦f this disease long ago ; and their descriptions are not different from the milder kind noticed (13) but in degree. The throat is intensely sore, and the mouth ulcerated ; the glands of the head swell, and sometimes these and other parts suppurate and burst. The matter from the nose is bloody, and the stench intolerable ; the weakness is also peculiarly great, arid shows itself early. 16. The treatment recommended by Blaine is the early use of malt mashes ; even ale is indispensable. Green meat should be allowed, and a very cool stall is necessary, having a free commu- nication with the open air. As medicine, three doses are necessary, every day, of the malignant epidemic fever drink, (Vet. Ph. 160.; half a pint of yeast with a pint of ale has been given, with good effect, three times a day ; also, to prevent the infection from spread, ing, fumigate the stables and all the outhouses with the preventive fumigation. {Vet. Ph. 161.) Diseases of the Head. 17. Epilepsy, megrims, sturdy, or turnsick, are epileptic attacks of greater or less violence, and which are apt to be confounded with the accidental strangulation that sometimes takes place from a collar too tight, or from driving a horse hard up hill, &c. The epileptic fit makes its appearance by a sudden stop ; if the horse be in action he shakes his head, looks wild and irresolute, but after some time proceeds; when more violent, he suddenly falls down, is convulsed, dungs and stales insensibly, and remains some time before he recovers. This disease, like staggers, is generally the consequence of two full a habit ; and is, therefore, best relieved by bleeding, and a more moderate diet ; and, where it is convenient, a run at grass should be allowed to alter the habit. 18. The diseases of the horse^s eyes »re not numerous, but they arc very destructive. The principal are opthalmia and gutta serena. DISEASES OF HORSES. 207 19. The opthaltnia, lunatic, or moon-blindness, is a very peculiar disease among horses, affecting their eyes generally about their full growth, but sometimes later, and seldom earlier. It is but little known among mules and asses, and unknown in oxen and sheep. It does not, however, appear to be a disease natural to the horse, as wild, or even horses subjected to artificial restraints are not observed subject to it. But among others, it is become sc common as to have the tendency handed down in the breed ; the progeny of some stallions being more prone to it tiian others. — It is often very sudden in its attack, the eyelids being found swelled and almost closed to avoid the light ; they are also very red within, and the haw is half drawn over the surface ; the tears flow down the face perpetually, and the whole head is hot ; now and then these appearances come on gradually. The suddenness of the attack makes the complaint to be attributed to accident, as blows, hay seeds within the e3'e, &c. and it is frequently difficult to get the owner of such a horse to believe that a constitutional attack, as it usually is, can come on so suddenly. Sometimes as it comes on, so it goes off as quickly, the eye from being opaque and milky, in twenty four hours becoming clear and almost well. When such an attack has taken place, even if nothing be done, the horse sooner or later amends, and the eye or eyes, for it is sometimes one and sometimes both that are so attacked, become again clear and well, and remain so an indefinite period, from five or six weeks to as many montiis. Another attack, however, sooner or later follows, to which others succeed, each leaving increased mllkiness on the outer coats, and some dimness within the pupil, either speck- like or diffused ; and finally the horse becomes blind from cataract. When one eye goes blind totally before the other, it is often a means of preventing the future attack on the remaining one ; which has given rise to a custom of putting out one eye to save the other, and which has succeeded. As this is a constitutional disease, brought on by artificial habits, as over exertion, close unhealthy confinement, and heating food ; so it is clear the abst.rac. tion of all these are necessary to remove the complaint, and to prevent a recurrence; but particularly the close, dark, and unven- tilated state of the stable should be attended to, as well as the removal of the litter, which retains the volatile alkali of the urine, and irritates the eyes most injuriously. The food should be mild and cooling, and the exercise moderate but long continued. Under the height of the attack, however, rest is advisable, with moderatu light, which may be still further moderated by keeping over the eye or eyes a thick cloth, wet with goulard water. {Vet. Ph. 154.) Sometimes one quarter of vinegar to three quarters of water has 19 208 DISEASES OF HORSES. been found a useful application, and which ever is used, the eyes and eyebrows should be kept continually wet with it, which iiy exciting evaporation will keep the part cool. A seton may he introduced under the eye or jaw. In some cases, blistering the forehead or cheek is found useful ; but in every instance bleeding is proper, which should be repeated until the disease lessens When the horse is very full and gross, physic and alteratives assist the cure. When blistering is used in any part near the eye, the greatest care is requisite to prevent the blistering matter from being rubbed into it. 20. Gutta Serena or glass eyes, so called from the peculiar glassy appearance of the eye, arise from a paralysis of the optic nerve. As the eye is not materially altered in appearance, a horse often becomes blind without its being noticed, until his cautious stepping, quick motion of his ears, &.c. give notice of the case. — On examination it will be found that the pupil remains dilated, however great the light, and the eye is irrecoverably lost. In the very early stages, blisters to the forehead and stimulants to the eyes, (as white vitriol a drachm, water four ounces,) may be tried, but with faint hopes of success. 21. Poll-evil. This complaint commonly requires the attend, ance of an experienced practitioner — but the prevention is often in the power of owners and others about horses, and to this point we shall particularly direct their attention. Poll-evil is commonly the effect of accident. Repeated small blows of the manger, or continued pressure from hanging back on the halter, &.c. will, if not remedied, produce swelling at the nape of the neck, with some tenderness. In this early state, if the collar be removed and the part be kept continually wet with vinegar and water, the swelling will often disperse — but if, in spite of this, it proceeds to suppuration, let a vent be made for the matter by a seton [116] 80 that it may readily flow out. Introduce notliing healing, but encourage a free discharge, and it may heal at once. When such is not the issue, the disease attacks the ligaments ; sinuses form, and the matter burrows under the skin and muscles, when a seton must be introduced from the opening above and should be Drought out at the bottom ; the seton should be then daily wetted with the liquid blister. (Vet. Pharm. 141.) Should this plan fail, escharotics will be required in the form of scalding mixture. (Vet, Pharm. 165.) 22. Strangles, vives or ives. This disease has been likened to the human measles, because it usually attacks every horse, and DISEASES Of HORSES. 209 most of them at a young period, between three and five years ; it IS fortunate when it attacks colts at grass, as it seldom occasions inconvenience, and which has led some persons into error by turning their horses out as soon as attacked ; but it is not found that stabled horses, thus turned out, pass through the disease more mildly, but the contrary, except the disease exists under its mildest form. White has conjectured that colts breeding the strangles while at grass, are afterwards exempt from glanders, but this wants confirmation. Prosser has also affirmed, that inoculation by the matter of strangles, is good, because it mitigates the complaint, and renders the horse not liable to any future attack ; but the practice has never gained ground : when strangles occurs in the stable, and now and then in the field, it proves a severe disease, and shows itself under the appearance of a cold, with cough, sore throat, and swelling of the glands under the jaw, or behind and under the ears. Seme times there is not much external swelling, and the tumours break inwardly, and nature effects a cure ; at others they break outwardly, and the disease runs off that way, and some times the swellings disperse either by nature or art, which breeders think unfavourable, as they suppose it renders the animal liable to a future attack ; but many so treated, pass the remainder of their lives (vithout more affection. 23. The treatment of Strangles. When the swelling lingers, and neither comes forward or recedes, poultices are preferable to fomentations, which, by leaving the horse wet, promote evapora tion and produce cold. Peal recommends blistering the part, as the best means of promoting suppuration. The horse should be kept very cool, and bran mashes with warm water should be his principal support, unless the complaint lasts long, and produces much weakness, when malt mashes should be substituted ; bleeding is only advisable when the early symptoms are violent, as heaving at tlae flanks, extreme soreness of throat, with much swelling around it, and considerable cough, in which case bleeding, and fever medi- cines are proper. 24. Vives, or ives, is supposed to be a relic of the latter com plaint, and it does .appear now and then that after tne strangles, the parotid or vive glands do remain enlarged [24,] which occasions the disease in question, resolution may be attempted by mercurial fiic- tions, suppuration should be avoided, otherwise the gland may be destroyed 25. Diseases of the mouth, lampass. All horses, but particularly verv young ones, are liable to enlargement of the rugae or ndgea 210 DISEASES OF HORSES. of the palate, dependent not on any local disease confined to tne part itself, but occasionally by an affection of the whole passage of the mouth, throat, and stomach. It is usual to attend to the part only, which is sacrificed or burnt to little purpose, when a mild dose of physic, or gentle alteratives, would prove more certain expedi- ents ; to which may be added rubbing the part with bay salt, or with vinegar. 26. Bridle sores. When the bit in colt breaking, or in hard pulling horses, has hurt the bars, care is requisite to prevent the bone becoming carious. Touch daily with oegyptiacum, and cover the bit with leather, unless total rest can be allowed. 27. The teeth, which present themselves on the lower parts of the jaws, are the incisive and canine. The two front incisives are properly called nippers or gatherers. The two next adjoining separators or middle teeth, and the outer, the corners ; but it would be more indefinite to say the first, second, and third inci. sives, beginning at the corner. Tusks or tushes occupy a part of the intermediate space between the incisive and grinding teeth. — The teeth, as criteria of age, will be seen by reference to Mason, (page 72.) The teeth of the horse are the hardest and most compact bones of the body. There are usually *forty of them in the horse, and there are thirty-six in the mare ; in which latter, the tushes are usually wanting. In anatomical language, they are divided into incisores, cuspidati, and molares, or according to the language of firriers and horsemen, into twelve nippers, four tushes, and twenty- four grinders, which numbers are equally divided between the two jaws. The teeth are received into indentations or sockets between the bony plates of the jaw, called alveoli, by cone-like roots. Tho bodies of the teeth are principally composed of two substances, one of the nature of common bone, giving bulk and form, and one of extreme hardness, placed in man and carnivorous animals wholly without the teeth to give strength and durability : but the horse and other granivroiB, the latter particularly, is placed in the grinders, m perpendicular plates, within the body of the teeth ; by which contrivance, a rough grinding surface is kept up ; for the mere bony parts wearing faster than the lamellae of enamel, it follows that ridges remain to triturate the vegetable matter that passes be tween the teeth. There are two sets of teeth, a temporaneons or milk set, and a permanent or adult set, ir. which wise provision, man and most DISEASES OF HORSES. 211 brutes participate. The miik set are some of them, as the molars, apparent at birth ; there being usually six grinders in each jaw, three on each side in the new born foal, and which number of this set is never increased. The nippers begin to appear soon after birth, and follow a regular order of succession, until the animal is three or four months old ; at which time he begins to require support from herbage as well as milk. The temporaneous set re- tiove gradually one after another ; had they all been displaced at he same time, or even had several of them fallen out together, the inimal must have suffered great inconvenience, and perhaps have >cen starved. This removal, which commences at the age of two /ears and a half, and is completed between the fourth and fifth /ear, is effected by the action of the absorbents on their fangs, and Appears to be occasioned by the stimulus of the pressure received from the growing teeth under them. For although these two sets appear with an interval of some years between them ; yet the rudi- ments of both are formed at nearly the same period, and both sets may be thus seen in a dissected jaw. Regulated by the stimulus of necessity, as soon ds the temporaneous set falls out, the perma- nent appears : and that such appearance follows the necessity, is evident ; for a premature or accidental removal of the colts' teeth is soon followed by the appearance of the others. Dealers and breeders aware of this, draw the milk teeth to make their colts appear as horses. It was necessary there should be two sets of teeth, for as they grow slowly in proportion to the jaws, so had there been but one only, the disproportion of growth between tha teeth and jaws must have separated them. The forms of the teeth vary more than their structure. The inci sive or nippers are round, which is favourable for the pressure they undergo ; the upper more so than the lower. On the upper surface a hollow is seen in the young tooth, which, not extending through the whole substance, naturally wears out with the wear of the tooth ; and as a considerable degree of regularity occurs in this wearing away in all horses, it has gradually settled into the general criterion of age. The nippers are not all of them exactly similar ; the corner teeth differ most in being exactly triangular, and in having an interval wall or side, which does not become level with the rest until long after the others. The cuspidate tusks or tushes are permanent, appearing at about five years, or rather earlier ; those in the front jaw are usually nearer the nippers than those below. Each pre- sents a slight curve, which follows the direction of all the canine or pugnatory teeth of other mammalia. The pointed extremity wears away by age, leaving merely a buttoned process, wliich maj 19* 212 DISEASES OF HOUSES. serve as a guide to the age, when the horse is suspected to bo bishoped, as it is called, from a man of that name who was peculiarly dexterous in imitating on old teeth the distinctive cavity of youth. The molar or grinding teeth are stronger in the upper than in the lower jaw ; which was necessary, as they form the fixed point in the process of grinding. The upper surface presents nearly a long square, indented from the alteration of the enamel with the bony portions; and as the interior or upper teeth hang over the posterior, so the ridges of the one set are received into the depressions of the other. Wear of the teeth. The teeth, in a state of nature, would probably present a surface opposed to each other for mastication to the latest period of the most practised life ; but the removal of the animal from moist food to that which is hard and dry, must occasion an unnatural wear in those organs ; and hence, although the teeth of the horse, even in a domesticated state, are not subject to the caries of the human ; yet the grinders are liable to become thus injured by continued exertion. In the young or adult horse, the upper and under grinders do not meet each other horizontally ; on the con- trary, they have naturally an inclination obliquely inwards, and those of the upper jaw present small spaces between each other, ;;'hile those of the lower are more continuous : by which means as »he food, u'dt particularly as interrupted portions, as grain, become ! be at ail 226 DISEASES OF HORSES. ronstitutional, his hide is bound from the beginning, and his urine will have a sweet taste ; but if his appetite were good and his coat sleek, bright, and elastic, when the urine was first observed to be immoderate, the evil arises from some fault in the feeding, clothing, exercise, or other management of the horse. Examine into these matters, particularly into the food, and next the water. Inquire whether diuretics have been given, under an erroneous supposition of increasing the condition, and alter what may be amiss. If this do not remove the complaint, try the following, after Blaine's direc- tions: liver of sulphur, two drachms; uva ur si, four drachms; oak bark, one ounce ; catechu, half 'in ounce ; alum, half a drachm,; give as a daily drink in a pint of water. 65. Stone or gravel. Calculous concretions are not uncommon in the large intestines of horses, where they grow sometimes to an enormous size, lodged in one of the cells usually, and where they occasion but little inconvenience, except a displacement occurs, when serious evils, as colic, inflammation, or total stoppage, follow. In the bladder, stone is very seldom found ; and there is reason to believe, that though gravel is a common term in the farrier's list, that it seldom if ever occurs ; injuries of the kidneys and bladder being usually mistaken for it. Diseases of the Skin. 66. Mange is a contagious disease, not uncommon among low bred and badly kept horses, but which is seldom generated in those properly managed. When it is the effect of impoverished blood, a different course of feeding must be substituted, not heating, but cooling, though generous ; as carrots, speared oats, malt maches, stable soiling, &-c. When it arises in full fed horses, bleed twice, lower the feeding, substituting for corn, soiling, carrots, or bran mashes. Give a nightly alterative, {Vet. Pharm. 129, No. 1 or 2) and dress with either of the mange dressings. (Vet. Pharm. 171.) After a cure has been effected, carefully clean all the apartments with soap and water. 67. Surfeit will now and then degenerate into mange, but more generally it is brought on by a fulness of habit, acted on by sudden transitions from cold to heat, or heat to cold : it is likewise not unfrequently the consequence of over-fatigue. If it show a dispo- sition to opread, and the skin become scaly and scurfy, treat as under mange, otherwise treat as directed under want of condition. (4) 68. Warbles are of the nature of surfeit in many instances, in others they are brought on by the pressure of the saddle, which DISEASES OF HORSES. 227 either suppurate and burst, or become indolent and remain under the name of sitfasts. In the early state, bathe them with cham- ber-Icy or vinegar: If they proceed to suppuration, refrain, and when they neither go back or come forward, put on a pitch plaster, and if this do not promote suppuration, let the sitfast bo dissected out. 69. Warts are common to old horses, and had better be put up with unless they be situated in some very inconvenient or con. spicuous part. In this case tie a thread tightly around the root, and the wart will drop off, or it may be cut off. Blaine recom- mends the following, when warts are too numerous to be so removed: crude sal ammoniac, two drachms; powdered savin, one ounce ; lard, an ounce and a half. 70. Hide bound is a state of the skin, where the interstitial matter between that and the fleshy pannicle is not in a state to allow of its pliancy and elasticity. The binding down of the hide thus closely, acts on the hair, which it protrudes in a contrary direction to its naturally inclined position ; and thus a staring coat usually accompanies hide binding. In considering the subject of condition (4) we have seen that it is not a disease of itself, but is in every instance a symptom only. Glanders and Farcy. 71. The glanders is the opprobrium medicorum, for hitherto no att'^mpts have succeeded in the cure of more than a few cases. By some peculiar anomaly in the constitution of the horse, although conclusive proofs are not wanting that this and farcy are modi- fications of one disease, and can each generate the other; yet the one is incurable, while the other is cured every day. When slan- ders has been cured, the time and labour necessary to accomplish the end has swallowed up the value of the horse ; and has also, in many supposed instances of cure, left the animal liable to future attacks which have occurred. The experiments on glanders, pur sued at the veterinary college and by White of Exeter, have thrown great light on the disease itself, its causes, connexions, and con- sequences ; but have done little more. From these we are led to conclude, that glanders will produce farcy, and that farcy can pro- duce glanders. That glanders is highly infectious, and that such infection may be received by the stomach, or by the skm when it is at all abraded or sore : and it is also probable that it is received by the noses of horses being rubbed against each other. White's experments go to prove that the air of a glandered stable is net 228 DISEASES OF HORSES. mfectious ; but this matter is by no means certain, and should not t>o depended on without a greater body of evidence. 72. The marks of glanders are a discharge of purulent matter from ulcers situated in one or botli nostrils, more often from the left than the right. This discharge soon becomes glairy, thick, and white-of-egg-likc : it afterwards shows bloody streaks, and is fcetid. The^lands of the jaw of the aifected side, called tlie kernels, swell from an absorption of the virus or poison, and as they exist or do not exist, or as they adhere to the bone or are detached from it, so some prognosis is vainly attempted by farriers, with regard to the disease ; for in some few cases these glands are not at all aifected, and in a great many they are not bound down by the affection of the jaw. As there are many diseases which excite a secretion of matter from the nose, and which is kept up a considerable time ; sc it is not always easy to delect glanders in its early stages. Stran- gles and violent colds, keep up a discharge from the nostrils foi weeks sometimes. In such cases a criterion may be drawn from the existence of ulceration within the nose, whenever the disease has become confirmed. Tliese glanderous chancres are to be seen on opening the nostril a little way up the cavity, sometimes immediately opposed to the opening of the nostril; but a solitary chancre should not determine the judgment. Tlie health often continues good, and sometimes the condition also, until hectic takes place from absorp tion, and the lungs participate, when deatli soon closes the scene. 73. Tke treatment of glanders, it has been already stated, is so uncertain that it is hardly worth the attempt ; Iiowever, when the extreme value of the horse or the love of experiment leads to it, it may be regarded as fixed by experience, tliat nothing but a long course of internal remedies, drawn from the mineral acids, can effect it. These have been tried in their endless variety : White recom- mends the mildest preparations of mercury, athiops mineral; under the conviction that the more acrid preparations disturb the powers of the constitution so much, as to destroy as effectually as the disease. At the veterinary college the sulphate of copper (blue vitriol) has been long in use. Others have used the sulphates of iron and zinc. Clark recommends the daily administration of a drink or ball, composed of the following ingredients : sulphute of zinc, 15 grains; powdered cantharides, 7 grains; powdered all. spice, 15 grains; of which he gives one or two extraordinary proofs of utility. 74. Tlie farcy is a disease more easily cured than the glanders, ♦f which our daily experience convmces us ; farcy, or farcin, attacks DISEASES OF HORSES. 229 under distinct forms, one of which affects the lymphatics of the skin, and is called the hud or button Jarcy; tlie other is principally con- fined to the hind legs, which it affects bj- large indurations, attended with heat and tenderness. A mere dropsical accumulation of water in the legs sometimes receives the name of water farcy ; but this has no connexion whatever with the true disease in question : farcy is very contagious, and is gained from either the matter of farcy or from that of glanders. 75. Treatment of farcy. The distended lymphatics or buds may often be traced to one sore, which was the originally inoculated part, and in these cases the destruction of this sore, and that of all the farcied buds, will frequently at once cure the disease, which is here purely local. But when the disease has proceeded further, the virus must be destroyed through the medium of the stomach ; although even in these cases, the cure is rendered more speedy and certain, destroying all the diseased buds, by caustic or by cautery Perhaps no mode is better than the dividing them with a sharp firing iron ; or if deeper seated, by opening each with a lancet, and touching the inner surface with lapis infernalis. The various mineral acids may any of them be tried as internal remedies with confidence ; even losing sight of the necessity of watching their effects narrowly, and as soon as any derangement of the health appears, to desist from their use ; oxmuriate of quicksilver (corrosive sublimate) may be given in daily doses of fifteen grains ; oxide of arsenic may also be given in similar doses. The subacetate of copper (verdigris) may also be tried, often with great advantage, in doses of a drachm daily. Blaine joins these preparations, and strongly recommends the following : oxmuriate of quicksilver, oxide of arsenic, subacetate of copper, of each eight grains; sublimate of copper, one scruple ; make into a ball and give every morning, carefully watching the effects, and if it be found to occasion distress, divide, and give half, night and morning. The same author professes to have received great benefit from the use of the following: expressed juice of clevers, or goose-grass, a strong decoction of hempseed and sassafras, of each six ounces; to be given after the ball. It remains to say, that whatever treatment is pursued will be rendered doubly effica- cious if green meat be procured, and the horse be fed wholly on it ; provided the bowels will bear such food ; but if the medicines gripe, by being joined with green food, add to the diet bean-meal. When green meat cannot be procured, carrots usually can ; and when they cannot, still potatoes may be boiled, or the oats may be speared or malted. As a proof of the beneficial effects of green meat, a horse, so bad with farcy as to be entirely despaired of, was drawq 230 DISEASES or HORSES. into a field of lares, and nothing more was done to him, nor further notice taken of him, although so ill as to be unable to rise from the ground when drawn there. By the time he had eaten all the tares within his reach, he was enabled to struggle for more; and finally he rose to extend his reach, and perfectly recovered. Diseases of me Extremities. 76. Shoulder strains, are very rare ; most of the lameness attributed to the shoulder belong to other parts, and particularly to the feet. Out of one hundred and twenty cases of lameness before, Blaine found that three only arose from ligamentary or muscular exten- sion of the shoulder, or rather of the abductor and sustaining muscles: when shoulder strain does happen, it is commonly the consequence of some slip, by which the arm is forced violently forwards. It is less to be wondered at than at first seems probable, that farriers mistake foot lameness for shoulder strains, when we reflect that a contracted foot occasions inaction, and favouring of the limb; which thus wastes the muscles of the shoulder. Seeing that one shoulder is smaller than the other, the evil is attributed to that, and it is pegged, blistered, swam, and fired, to the torture of the animal and the increase of the foot's contraction by the confinement. In real shoulder strains, the toe is dragged along the ground while in motion ; at rest it is planted forward, but i"esting on the point of the toe. When the lameness is in the foot, the horse points his foot forward also, but he does so with the whole limb unbent, and the foot flat. These differences are highly necessary to be attended to, as well as the peculiar dif- ficulty there is in moving down hill, which he does with reluctance, and by swinging his leg round to avoid flexing it. This lameness may be further brought to the test by lifting up the fore leg considerably, which DISEASES OF HORSES. 231 if the evil be in the shoulder, will give evident pain. The muscles between the fore legs are likewise turni- fied and tender in these cases. 77. The treatment consists, when it is recent, in bleeding in the plate vein, rowelling in the chest, and fomenting with hot water two or three times a day. Wlien the heat and tenderness have subsided, first batlie daily with the astringent wash for strains {Vet. Pha. 1.34, No. 1) for a week; and afterwards, if necessary, p/oce-ed to blister in the usual manner. 78. Strain in the whirl bone. This important joint is sometimes strained, or its ligaments and muscles unnaturally extended, from a greater force being applied to them than their structure is able to bear, or their power to resist; a loesion takes place of some of their fibrillae, or in lesser injuries their elasticity is injured by being put on the stretch beyond their power of returning. In all such cases, the parts react, and inflammation follows ; by which heat, tender- ness, and swelling ensue. 79. Treatment. Tlie first indication is the same in this as in all ligamentary strains, which is to moderate the inflammation by fomentations, &c. e. The diseased part must be carefully pared out at each shoeing, ai.i. «uch a shoe put on as will completely free the heel from pressun. 103. Running thrush is always a dangerous disease, and few errors m horse management are more glaring than the common one of supposing they are necessary to carry off humours. If less food, more exercise, cool .stables, and dry standings, were substituted to correct the fulness, instead of thrushes, which invariably contract the feel whenever they continue any length of time, it would save many valuable horses. To the cure, begin by cleaning out all the Sssu'es of the frog from loose ragged h»rn, and then introduce to UISEASKS OP HORSES. 230 the bottom of the sinuses, by neans of" a thin piece of wood, sonio of the thrush paste {Vet. Pharm. 133,) smeared on tow, which will enable it to be held within the cloft, especially if it be guarded l>y splints of wood passed under the shoe ; renew the dress-ing daily ; turning out to grass may be practised to great advantage for thrushes by this mode of dressing. 104. Sand cracks are fissures in the hoofs, commonly of those before, and usually towards the inner, but now and then towards the outer quarter also, from above downwards : from the crack, a little oozing of blood or moisture is seen ; and the sensible parts underneath getting between the edges of horn, being pressed on, lame the horse. White recommends to fire the fissure crossways, so as to destroy the connection between the divided and undivided parts of the hoof. 105. Pricks or punctures of the feet are often very serious evils, either when received by nails in shoeing, or by one picked up in the road, &c. The danger arises from inflammation, which is always great from any injury done to the sensible and viscular parts within the foot. This inflammation quickly proceeds to suppuration ; and the matter is apt to make its way upwards, unless it find a ready vent below. When it does not break out at the coronet, it will often penetrate under the sole, and finally disease the bones, liga. ments, or cartilages, and produce quittor. It is very seldom that a horse is pricked in shoeing, but that the smith is aware of it by the peculiarity of the feel on the hammer, and by the flinching of the animal. At such times were he to immediately draw the nail a little, enlarge the opening, and introduce some spirit within the puncture, nothing would occur ; but on the contrary, he sends the horse home to avoid trouble, who, the next, or following day, is found lame, with his foot hot, if the nail be not driven too near the sensible lamina), it will only require to be removed to free the horse from his evil; but if it have been driven through, and have wounded them, then suppuration ensues, and on examining the foot by the pincers when the shoe is removed, he will flinch at the pressure on the diseased part. It is probable, on the removal of the shoe that matter will at once flow out at the immediate nail hole, if not, the drawing knife will soon detect the injury. If the heat be great, and instead of matter, bloody dark ichor flows out, wrap the foot up in a poul tice ; but if healthy matter flows out this will not be necessary, sometimes it is requisite to detach all the horn that is underrun bv the matter. But when the injury has not proceeded to this extent, apply over the part a pledget of tow steeped in friar's balsam ; tack 2 to DISEASES OF HORSES. on tlie shoe lightly, and retain the dressing by means of splints, whicli are thin pieces of wood passed under the shoe ; repeat tho dressing daily, and avoid moisture, which would encourage quitter A nail picked up on the road, and which passes through the solo below or through the frog, is to be treated in the same manner, and also when the matter breaks out at the coronet ; but when a nail is picked up and penetrates the coffin joint, which is known by the synovia or joint oil appearing, such opening should be immediately stopped by paring towards the wounded joint, and then applying a heated budding-iron, not to the capsular ligament itself, but to the skin immediately near it; if this be inconvenient, jiut a pledget dipped in a little butter of antimony, just within the opening, but do not press it into the cavity of the joint: if this be insufficient to stop the flow, but more particularly if the original wound be pene- t-uted to the bone, it is probable that the bone itself will become in some measure diseased, which is known by the rough grating felt at the point of tiie probe when passed. In this case, enlarge the opening so as to be able to scrape the diseased bone away. Bruises of the sole, from whatever cause, will all fall under some of these points of view, according as the case may be. lOG. Quittor and canker are the consequences of these injuries, when neglected, or originally extensive. In these cases either the bones, ligaments, or cartilages, or all, become diseased ; and a cure can only be obtained by removing the diseased parts by the knife or by caustic. 107. Treads, over-reach, ^-c. A wound on the coronet is not uncommon from one foot being placed on the other ; or the hinder foot may strike it, &lc. First wipe away the dirt, and remove any loose edges that cannot unite ; avoid washing, unless stones and dirt are suspected to be within, and bind up, having first placed over the wound a pledget of lint or tow moistened with balsamic tincture, or tincture of myrrh, or of aloes tised by first cutting or shaving the hair from the part, when the blistering ointment (Vet. Pha. 138.) should be well rubbed in for ton minutes, or a quarter of an hour. Some of the ointment after tlie rubbing may be smeared over the part The head of the horse should now be tied up to prevent his gnawmg or licking. If a neck cradle be at hand, it may also for safety be put on ; in which the liead may be let down the third day. 119. A neck cradle for Mistered horses is very convenient for ether occasions also, when the mouth is to be kept from licking or biting other parts ; or to keep other parts from being rubbed agains*. tiie head. It is of very simple construction, and may be made by a dozen pieces of wood of about an inch and half diameter, as old broom handles, &c. These bored at each end admit a rope to pass through ; and as each is passed on, a knot may be tied to the upper part of the pieces of the cradle, two inches apart; and those which form the lower part, four inches ; by which means the neck will bo fitted by the cradle when it is put ©n ; and the horse will be pre. vented from bending his head to lick or gnaw parts to be protected. When the lower parts of the legs, particularly the hinder, required blistering, it is necessary to bear in mind that in gross full horses, particularly in autumn, grease is very apt to follow blistering ; and almost certainly if the back of the heels below the fetlock be blis- tered. First, therefore, smear this part over with lard or suet, and afterwards avoid touching it with the ointment. After blistering in summer, the horse is often turned out before the blistered parts aio quite sound ; in this case guard them from flies by some kind Ox covering, or they may become fly-blown : and likewise on the fourth or fifth day rub into the blistered part some oil or lard to prevent the skin from cracking. 120. Sweating or liquid blisters, (Vet. Pha. 142,) are only more gentle stimulants, which are daily applied to produce the same efl^ects on a di so THE VETERINARY PHARMACOPCEIA. 219 that its progress may not be impeded by them. A ligature sliould be first passed round the neck, and a hand held over the eye, unless the operator be very expert, when the use of the fingers will d).si)ense with the ligature. The quantity of blood taken is usually too small. In inflammatory diseases, a large horse, particularly in the early stage of a complaint, will bear to lose eight or ten quarts : and hall the quantity may be taken away two or three times afterwards, if tlie violence of the symptoms seem to require it ; and the blood should be drawn in a large stream to do all the good it is capable of. After the bleeding is finished introduce a sharp pin, and avoid drawing the skin away from the vein while pinning, which lets the blood escape between the vein and skin ; wrap round a piece of tow or hemp, and next day remove the pin, which might otherwise inflame the neck. In drawing blood let it always be measured ; letting it fall on the ground prevents the ascertaining the quantity ; it also prevents any observation on the state of the blood ; which if it form itself into a cup-like cavity on its surface, and exhibit a tough yellow crust over this cavity it betokens an inflammatory state of blood that will require further bleedings, unless the weak- ness forbid. After the bleeding, it now and then happens from rusty lancets, too violent a stroke with the blood stick, or from drawing away the skin too much while pinning up, that the orifice inflames and hardens, and ichor is seen to ooze out between its edges. Immediately after this is discovered, recourse must be had to an able veterinary surgeon, or the horse will lose the vein, awi perhaps his life. THE VETERINARY PHARMACOPCEIA. 127. The foWowing foi'mulce for vetej-inary practice have been compiled from the works of the most eminent veterinary writers of the present day, as Blaine, Clark, Laurence, Peel, White, &c. ; and we can from our own experience also, confidently recommend the selec- tion to the notice of agriculturists, and the owners of horses in general. It would be prudent for such as have many horses, and particularly for such as live at a distance from the assistance of an able veterinarian, to keep the more necessary articles by them in case of emergence : some venders of horse drugs keej> 250 THE VETERINARY PHARMACOPEIA. veterinary medicine chests : and where the compo- sitions can be depended on, and the uncompounded drugs are genuine and good, one of these is a most convenient appendage to every stable. 128. The veterinary jjharmacopoiia for oxen, calves, and sheep has been included in the arrangement. Where any speciality occurs, or where distinct recipes are requisite, they have been carefully noticed ; it will therefore only be necessary to be kept in mind, that with the exception of acrid substances, as mineral acids, &c. which no cattle can bear with equal impu- nity with the horse ; the remedies prescribed require about the following proportions : A large ox will bear the proportions of a moderate sized horse ; a moderate sized cow something less ; a calf about a third of the quantity ; and a sheep about a quarter, or at most a third of the proportions directed for the cow. It is also to be remarked, that the degrees in strength in the different recipes, are usually regulated by their numbers, the mildest standing first. 129. Alteratives. 1. Levigated antimony, 2 drachms. Cream of tartar, Flour of sulphur, each half an ounce. 2. Cream of tartar, Nitre, of each half an ounce. 3. JEthiop's mineral, Levigated antimony. Powdered resin, each three drachms. Give in a mash, or in oats and bran, a little wetted, every night, or make into a ball with honey. 130. Tonic Alteratives. 1. Gentian, Aloes, Ginger, Blue vitriol, in powder, of each 1 drachm, Oak bark in powder, 6 drachms. 2. Winter's bark in powder, three drachms. Green vitriol, do. one and a half drachms, Gentian, do. three drachms. Make either of these into a ball with honey, and give every morning. 3. White vitriol, 1 drachm, Ginger or pimento, ground, two drachms. Powdered quassia half an ounce. Ale 8 ounces. Mix and give as a drink. THE VETERINRY PHARMACOPOEIA. 251 Arsenic, 10 grains, Oatnie-al, 1 ounce. Mix and give in a mash, or moistened oats nightly. 131. Astringent Mixtures for Diarrhoea, Lax or Scouring. 1. Powdered ipecacuanha, one draclim, Do. opium, lialf a drachm, Prepared chalk, 2 ounces. Boiled starch, 1 pint. 2. Suet 4 ounces, boiled in Milk, 8 ounces. Boiled starch, 6 ounces. Powdered alum, 1 drachm. The following has been very strongly recommended in some cases, tor the lax of horses and cattle. 3. Glauber's salts 2 ounces, Epsom do. 1 ounce, Green vitriol 4 grains, Gruel, half a pint. When the lax or scouring at all approaches to dysentery or molten grease, the following drink should be first given. 4. Castor oil, 4 ounces, Glauber's salts, dissolved, two ounces. Powdered rhubarb, half a drachm. Powdered opium, 4 grains. Gruel, 1 pint. 132. Astringent halls foi Dia- betes or pissing evil. Catechu, [Japan earth] half an ounce. Alum powdered, half a drnchm. Sugar of lead, 10 grains. Conserve of roses, to ma-ke a ball. 133. Astringent paste for thrush, foot-rot, foul in the foot, ^c. Prepared calamine. Verdigris, of each half an ounce. White vitriol. Alum, of each half a drachm, Tar, 3 ounces : mix. 134. Astringent loashesfor cracks in the heels, wounds, ^c. 1. Sugar of lead, 2 drachms, White vitriol, 1 drachm. Strong infusion of oak, or elm bark, 1 pint : mix. 2. Green vitriol, 1 drachm, Infusi-on of galls, half a pint. Mix and wash the parts three times a day. 135. Powder for Cracks, ^c. 3. Prepared calamine, 1 ounce, Fuller's earth, powdered. Pipe clay, do. of each 2 ounces, Mix and put within gauze, and dab the moist surfaces of the sores frequently. 136. Astringent Paste for Grease, 1. Prepared calamine, Tutty, powdered. Charcoal, do. of each 2 ounces, Yeast enough to make a paste. 2. To the above, if more strength be required, add of alum and ver. digris each a drachm. 137. Astringent Ws, Ginger do. 2 ounces. Coriander seeds do. 4 ounces, Caraway do. 4 ounces. Oil of aniseed, quarter of an oz Make into a mass with honeyj treacle or lard, and give an ounce and a half for a dose. 148. Chronic Cough Balls. 1. Ca.omel 1 scruple THE VETERINARY PHARMACOPOBIA. 253 Gum ammoniacum, Horse radish, of each 2 drachms, Balsam of Tolu, Squills, each one drachm. Beat all together, and make into a ball with honey, and give «very morning fasting. 149. Drink for the same. 2. Tar water. Lime water, of each half a pint. Tincture of squills, half an oz. 150. Powder for the same. 3. Tartar emetic, 2 drachms, Powdered foxglove, half a drachm. Powdered squill, half a drachm. Calomel, one scruple, N.tre 3 drachms. Give every night in a malt mash. 151. Diuretic Balls. Resin, yellow, 1 pound. Nitre half a pound. Horse turpentine, half a pound, Yellow soap, quarter of a pound. Melt the resin, soap, and tur- pentine over a slow fire ; when cooling add the nitre. For a strong dose, an ounce and a half, for a mild one an ounce. It should be kept in mind, that mild diuretics are always equal to what is required ; and that strong diuretics are always hurtful. 152. Diuretic Powders. Yellow resin, powdered, 4 ozs. Nitre, ditto, 8 ounces. Cream of tartar, do. 4 ounces. Dose — 6, 8, or 10 drs. nightly, which some horses will readily eat in a mash. 153. Urine Drink Glauber's salts, two ounces, Nitre, 6 drachms. Dissolve in a pint of warm water. 154. Embrocations — cooling for inflammatio ns. 1. Goulard's extract, half an ounce, Spirit of wine or brandy 1 ounce, Soft water, 1 quart. 2. Mindererus spirit, 4 ounces, Water, 12 ounces. 155. For Strains. Bay salt, bruised, half a pound. Crude sal ammoniac, 2 ounces. Sugar of lead, quarter of an oz Vinegar one pint and a half, Water, one pint. 156. For the Eyes. 1. Sugar of lead, 1 drachm, White vitriol, 2 scruples. Water, 1 pint. 2. Brandy, 1 ounce. Infusion of green tea, 4 ounces Tincture of opium, 2 drachms. Infusion of red roses, 4 ounces 3. Rose water, 6 ounces, Mindererus spirit, 3 ounces. 4. Corrosive sublimate, 4 grains, Alcohol, 1 ounce. Lime water, 1 pint. 5. Alum, powdered, 1 drachm. Calomel, half a drachm. Mix and insert a little at one corner of the eye. The custom of blowing ii, m alarms the horse, 157 Fever Powders. 1. Tartar emetic, 2 diachms. Nitre, 5 drachms. 2. Antimo lial powder, 2 drachnw. 254 THE VETERINARY PHARMACOPCEIA. Cream of tartar, J^itre, of each four drachms. 158. Fever Drink. 3. Sweet spirit of nitre, 1 ounce, Mindererus spirit, 6 ounces, Water, 4 ounces. 159. Epidemic Fever Drink. 4. iSweet spirit of nitre, 1 ounce. Simple oxymel, 6 ounces, Tartar emetic, 3 drachms. 160 Malignant Epidemic Fever. 5. Simple oxymel, Mindererus spirit. Beer yeast, of each 4 ounces. Sweet spirit of nitre, 1 ounce. IGl. Fumigations for purifying infected stables, sheds, tf-c. Manganese, 2 ounces. Common salt, do. Oil of vitriol, 3 ounces, Water, 1 ounce. Put the mixed manganese and salt into a bason ; then, having before mixed the vitriol and wa- ter very gradually, pour them by means of tongs, or any thing tliat will enable you to stand at a sufficient distance, on the ar- ticles in the bason gradually. As soon as the fumes rise, retire and shut up the door close. 162. Hoof Liquid. Oil of turpentine, 4 ounces. Far, 4 ounces. Whale oil, 8 ounces. This softens and toughens the hoofs extremely, when brushed over them night and morning. 163. Purging Medicines. Balls — very mild. Aloes, powdered, 6 drachms, Oil of turpentine, 1 drachm Mild. Aloes, powdered, 8 drachms, Oil of turpentine, 1 drachm. Strong. Aloes, powdered, 10 drachms, Oil of turpentine, 1 drachm. The aloes may be beaten with treacle to a mass, adding, during the beating, the oil of turpen- tine. All spices, cream of tar. tar, oil of tartar, jalap, &c. are useless, and often hurtful addi- tions. 164. Liquid Purge. Epsom salts, dissolved, 8 ozs. Castor oil, 4 ounces. Watery tincture of aloes, 8 ozs. Mi.x — The watery tincture of aloes is made by beating pow- dered aloes with the yelk of egg, adding water by degrees , by these means half an ounce of aloes may be suspended in 8 ounces of water, and such a purge is useful when a ball can- not be got down, as in partial locked jaw. 165. Scalding Mixture for Poll Evil. Corrosive sublimate, finely pow- dered, 1 drachm, Yellow basilicon, 4 ounces. 166. Foot Stoppings. Horse and cow dung, each about 2 pounds. Tar, half a pound. 167. Wash for coring out, de. straying fungus, or proud fesh, ^c. ^c. Lunar caustic one drachm, Water, 2 ounces. 168. Wash for Mange. Corrosive sublimate, 2 drachmsj Spirit of wine or brandy, 1 oz. Decoction of tobacco. Do. of white helebore, of each 1 pint THE VETERINARY PHARMACOPffilA. 255 Dissolve the mercury in the spirit, and then add the decoc- tions. 169. Ointments for healing. 1. Turner's cerate, two ounces, White vitriol powdered, half a drachm. Lard, 4 ounces. 170. For Digesting. 2. Turner's cerate, two ounces, White vitriol, 1 drachm. Yellow basilicon, .5 ounces. 171. For Mange. Sulphur vivum, 8 ounces, Arsenic in powder, 2 drachms. Mercurial ointment, 2 ounces, Turpentine, 2 ounces, Lard, 8 ounces. Mix, and dress with every morning. 172. For Scab or Shab in Sheep, Mallenders and Sellenders in Horses, and foul blotches and eruptions in cattle in general. Camphor, 1 drachm, Sugar of lead, half a drachm. Mercurial ointment 1 ounce. 23 OF THE DISEASES OF HORNED CATTLE. 173. Cattle are subject to some very dangerous dis- eases, but as their life is less artificial, and their struc- ture less complex, they are not liable to the variety of aliments which affect the horse. The general pathology of tlie horse and ox being little different, the funda- mental rules for veterinary practice, and the requisite medicines, when not particularized, will be found in the Veterinary Pharmacopasia, already given. (126.) 174. M/W /ewer, pantas or pantasia. Cattle sometimes appear affected with heat, redness of tlie nostrils and eyelids ; they refuse food, are dull, evacuate and stale with diiSculty ; and the urine is liigh coloured. These symptoms are often aggravated every other day, giving it the appearance of intermittent affection. The com- plaint is often brought on by over driving in very hot weather, occa- sionally by pushing their fattening process too fast. If there be no appearance of malignancy, and the heaving be considerable, bleed, and give half an ounce of nitre in a drink night and morning; bu\ unless tlie weather be cold do not house the animal. 175. Inflammatory fever is called among farriers, cow-leeches, and graziers, by the various names of black quarter, joint felon, DISEASES OF CATTLE. 257 quarter evil, quarter ill, showing of blood, joint murrain, striking in of the blooil, &c. Various causes may bring tliis on. It is some, times epidemic, and at others it seems occasioned by a sudden change from low to very full keeping. Over driving has brought it on. No age is exempt from it, but the young oftcner have it than the mature. Its inflammatory stage continues but a kw days, and shows itself l)y a dull heavy countenance, red eyes and eyelids: the nostrils are also red, and a slight mucus flows from them. Tha pulse is peculiarly quick ; the animal is sometimes stupid, at others watchful, particularly at first ; and in some instances irritable. — The appetite is usually entirely lost at the end of the second day, and the dung and urine either stop altogether, or the one is hard and the other is red. About the third day a critical deposit takes j)lace, which terminates the inflammatory action : and it is to the various parts on which this occurs, that the disease receives its various names. The deposit is, however, sometimes universal, in the form of a bloody suffusion throughout the whole skin In others, swellings from the joints, or on the back or belly ; and in fact, no part is exempt from their attack. Sometimes the animal swells generally or partially, and the air being suffused under the skin, crackles to the feel. After any of these appearances have come on, the disease assumes a very malignant type, and is highly contagious. 176. Treatment of inflammatory fever. Before the critical abscess form, or at the very outset of the disease, bleed liberally, and purge also : give likewise a fever drink (158.) If, however, the disease be not attended to, in this early stage, carefully abstain from bleeding or even purging : but instead, throw up clysters of warm water and salt to empty the bowels, and in other respects treat as detailed under malignant epidemic. (15.) It may be added, that four drachma of muriatic acid, in three pints of oak bark decoction, given twice a day, has proved useful. The swellings themselves may be waslied with warm vinegar both before and after they burst. 177. Catarrh or influenza in cattle, also known by the name of felon, is only a more mild form of the next disease. Even in this mild form it is sometimes epidemic, or prevalent among numoers ; or endemical by being local. Very stormy wet weather, changing frequently, and greatly also in its temperature, are common causes. We have seen it brought on by change of food from good to oad , and from too close pasturage. It first appears by a defluxion fron> the nose ; the nostrils and the eyelias are red ; the animal heaves, 18 tucked up in the flanks, and on the third day he loses the cud. 25S DISEASES OF CATTLE. There is a distressing and painful cough, and not unfrequently a eore throat also, in which case the beast almost invariably hoids down his head. The treatment does not at all differ from that directed under the same disease in horses (13.) Bleeding only the first two days, carefully sheltering, but in an open airy place, lit- taring well up. 178. The malignant epidemic influenza is popularly called ynur- ain or pest ; and has at various times made terrible havoc among ;attle. Ancient history affords ample proof of its long existence, and by the accounts lianded down, it does not seem to have varied its types materially. In 1757 it visited Britain, producing extreme fatality among the kine. From 1710 to 1714 it continued to rage on the continent with unabated fury, (Lancisiss Disputatio His. torica de Bovilla Peste.) The years 1730 and 1731, and from 1744 to 1746, witn(«ised its attack, and produced many written descrip. tions of it, among which stands pre-eminent that of Sauvages, the celebrated professor of medicine, at Montpelier. Tlie British visi- tation of the malady in 1757, elicited an excellent work from the pen of Dr. Layard, a physician of London, which was afterwards trans, lated into several languages. 179. Symptoms of the murrain. Dr. Layard describes it as com- mencing by a difficulty of swallowing, and itching of the ears, shaking of the head, with excessive weakness and staggering gait ; which occasions a continual desire to lie down. A sanious fcetid discharge invariably appears from the nostrils, and eyes also. — The cough was frequent and urgent. Fever, exacerbiating, par- ticularly at night, when it usually produced quickened pulse. — There was constant scouring of green fcetid dung after the first two days, which tainted every thing around, even the breath, per- spiration, and urine were highly foetid. Little tumours or boils were very commonly felt under the skin, and if about the seventh or nmth day these eruptions become larger, and boils or buboes appear with lessened discharge of fneces, they proved critical and the animal often recovered ; but if on the contrary, tlie scouring continued, and t!je breath became cold, and the moutli dark in colour, he inlorms us mortality followed. Sauvages describes the murrain as showing Itself by trembling, cold shivers, nose execrated with an acid dis- charge from it ; purging after the first two days, but previous to wliich there was often costiveness. Great tenderness about the spine and withers was also a characteristic, with emphysema, or a blowing up of ihe skin by air discharged underneath it. DISEASES OF CATTLE. 259 180. Dissections of those that have died of tliis disea«e, according to Sauvages, have shown marks of great inflammation, and of a great putrid tendency ; but the solid parts seldom ran into gan- grene. The fluid secretions liowcver, always were sufficiently dissolved and broken down by putridity. The paunch, he says, was usually filled with undigested matter, and the other stomachs highly inflamed : the gall bladder was also commonly distended, with acrid thick brown bile. Goelich, who likewise dissected these subjects, describes the gall as particularly profuse and in- tolerably foetid. According to him, the whole alimentary canal, from the mouth to the anus was excorated ; and Lancisi, contrary to Sauvages, found the viscera of the chest and belly, in some cases sphacelated and gangrenous. Gazola describes the murrain as accompanied with pustulous sores; and so great was the putrid tendency, that even the milk, before it dried up, which it usually did before the fourth day, became foetid. 181. The treatment of the murrain. In the very early stages, all eminent authors recommend bleeding ; but which should not only be confined to the very early periods, as to the two first days ; but also to such subjects, as by their previous health and condition can Dear it. The animals should be placed in an open airy place ; the litter siiould be frequently renewed ; and the place itself should be fumigated with the preventative fumigation. (161.) It has been recommended to burn green bouglis with pitch as a substitute even charcoal fires occasionally carried around the place would be useful. Dr. Layard advises the body to be washed with aromatic herbs in water ; but vinegar would have been better. In early stages, saline purgatives, as from ten to twenty ounces of Epsom salts are to be invariably used. If the scouring have already come on, still, however, purge; but with only half the quantity; an arti- ficial purge will carry off" the morbid bile ; and if excessire weakness do not come on, the same may be advantageously repeated. Setons are also recommended in the dewlap. When abscess appear, they may be opened, and their contents discharged, washing the wound with brandy or vinegar, if putrid sloughing takes place. The em- physematous swellings or cracklings, may also be opened, and the air discharged. The other essentials of medical treatment, as aetailed under malignant epidemic among horses, is here applicable in every particular. When recovery takes place, it is usually a very slow process, and requires care to prevent other diseases super, vening. The animal should continue to be housed, and neither exposed to sun or wind for some time, and the feeding should be nutritious. The following infallible cure of the bloody murrain in 23* 2G0 DISEASES OF CATTLE. cattle, was given by Mr. Jones, of Gloucester county, Va. to Mr. Benjamin Harrison, of Charles City County, Va. — " A quart of the infusion of cedar berries, (containing about half a pint of the ber- ries) was given at a time, and in nearly every case the good effects were almost instantaneous : a considerable discharge from the bladder and bowels followed, and in five or ten minutes time, the animal began to eat. In nineteen cases out of twenty a perfect cure was effected. It may be necessary to repeat the drench four or five times." 182. The prevention of the murrain, or the prevention of its spreading, in many respects is even more important than its medical treatment. Where it has already appeared, all the out-buildings, but particularly the ox-lodges or stalls, should be daily fumigated with the preventive fumigation (161 ;) and, even the whole of the infected districts should have frequent fires of green wood made in the open air, and every such district should be put under rigorous quarantine. The cattle on every farm should be carefeDy examined three or four times every day, and the moment one is found to droop, he should be removed to a distance from the others. In very bad weather, while it is prevalent, the healthy cattle should be housed, and particularly well fed ; and their pastures should also be changed. The bodies of those who die r»f the disease should be buried with their skins on, very deep in the earth, and quick lime should be strewed over them. — Prevention — Mr. Wm. Minge, (of James River, Va.) recommends tho ti ;e of a mixture of clay, salt, (in the common proportion for slock) tar and powdered brimstone. For fifty head, one gallon of tar and half a pound of brimstone, per week, put in a trough to which the cattle had free access. The disease, it appears, is endemic in Virginia, particularly in the districts bor dering on tide water. 183. Phrenzy fever, or inflammation of the brain, called also cough, now and then, but by no means frequently, attacks cattle The symptoms differ but little from those which attack horses.— The treatment must be exactly similar. 184. Inflammation of the lungs occasionally occurs in cattle, m which also the symptoms, progress, and proper treatment, are similar to those detailed under that head in horse pathology (31.) 185. Inflammation of the stomach sometimes occurs from poison. ous matters ; and in such cases, when the nature of the poison is discovered, the treatment detailed under poison in horse pathology DISEASES OF CATTLE. 26t must be pursued. But there is a species of indigestion, to which cattle are liable in the spring, from eating voraciously of tJie young sprouts of wood; to which some woods are more conducive than others. The symptoms are Iieat, thirst, costivencss, lessened urine, quicU and liard pulse, with heat and redness in the mouth and nose; the belly is hard and painful, and the stools, when they appear, are covered with glare. When the mouth and nose discharge a serous fluid, tlie animal usually dies. 186. Treatment. Bleed at first, open tlie bowels by saline pur. gatives (164.) After this give large quantities of nitrated water, and clyster also largely. 187. The hcwe or blown in cattle is also an inflammatory aflfec- tion of the paunch, ending in paralysis and rupture of its substance. From the frequency of its occurrence, it has become a subject of investigation with almost every rational grazier, and a particular matter of inquiry with every agricultural body ; from whence it is now very successfully treated by the usual attendants on cattle, when skilful ; but when otherwise, it usually proves fatal. It is observed to be more frequent in warm weather and when the grass is wet. When either oxen, cows, or sheep, meet with any food they are particularly fond of, or of which they have been long deprived, as potatoes, turnips, the diflTerent grasses, particularly red clover ; they eat greedily, and forget to lie down to ruminate ; by which means the first stomach or paunch, becomes so distended aa to be incapable of expelling its contents. From this inflammation follows, and fermentation begins to take place : a large quantity ol air is let loose, which still adds to the distention, till the stomach cither bursts, or by its pressure on the diaphragm, the animal is suffocated. Tiiis situation of the beast is known by the uneasiness and general swelling of the abdomen ; with the circumstances ol the animal being found with such food, or the presumption that i* has met with it. 188. Treatment. There are three modes of relieving the com- plaint, which may be adverted to according to the degree ol distention, and length of time it has existed. These are internal medicines ; the introduction of a prohang of some kind into the paunch by the throat : and the puncturing it by the sides. Dr. Whyatt of Edinburgh, is said to have cured eighteen out of twenty hoved cows, by giving a pint of gin to each. Oil, by condensing the air, has been successfully tried. Any other substance also, thai has a strong power of absorbing air, may be advantageously given. 202 DISEASES OF CATTLE. Common salt and water, made strongly saline, is a usual country remedy. New milk, with a proportion of tar equal to one-sixth of t.lic milk, is higlily spoken of. A strong solution of prepared am- monia in water often brings off a great quantity of air, and relieves the animitl. Any of these internal remedies may be made use of when the lioven has recently taken place, and is not in a violent degree. But wl. jn otherwise, the introduction of an instrument is proper, and is now very generally resorted to. The one principally in use is a species of probang, invented by Dr. Munro, of Edinburgh Another consisting of a cane of six feet in length, and of con siderable diameter, having a bulbous knob of wood, has been invented by Eager, which is a more simple machine, but hardly so effica- cious. It is probable that in cases of emergency, even the larger end of a common cart whip, dexterously used, might answer the end. But by far the best instrument for relieving hoven cattle, as well as for clystering them, is Read's enema apparatus, which is alike applicable to horses, cattle, and dogs. It consists of a syringe, to which tubes of different kinds are applied, according to the pur- pose, and the kind of animal to be operated upon. There is a long flexible tube for giving an enema to horses and cattle, and a smaller one for dogs. To relieve hoven bullocks effectually, it is necessary not only to free the stomach from an accumulation of gas, but from the fermenting pultaceous mixture which generates it ; for this pur- pose a tv.be is applied to the extremity of the syringe, and then passed into the animal's stomach, through the mouth, and being put in action, the offending matter is discharged by a side opening When the same operation is performed on sheep, a smaller tube is made use of. The characteristic excellency of Read's instrument, is, that there is no limit to the quantity of fluid that may noi be injected or extracted. The same syringe is used for extracting poison from the stomach of man, for smoking insects, extinguishing fires, and syringing fruit trees. The introduction of any of these instruments may be effected by the help of an assistant, who should hold the horn of the animal by one hand and the dividing cartilage of the nose with the other ; while the operator himself, taking the tongue in his left hand, employs his right in skilfully and carefully introducing the instrument; the assistant bringing the head and neck into such an attitude as to make the passage nearly straight, wiiich will greatly facilitate the operation. But when no instru- ments can be procured, or as cases may occur when indeed it is not advisable to try them, as when the disease has existed a considerable time, or the animal has become outrageous, or the stomach so much distended with air that there is danger of immediate suffocation or bursting : m these instances the puncture of the maw must b« DISEASES OF CA.TTLE. 263 instanlly performed, which is called paunching. This may be done vvitli tire greatest ease ; midway between the illium or hauncli none, and the last rib of the left side, to which the paunch inclines ; a sharp pen. knife is frequently used, and persons in veterinary prac- tice should always keep a long trochar ; which will be found much the most efficacious, and by far the most safe, as it permits the air escaping certainly and quickly, at the same time that it prevents its entrance into the cavity of the abdomen, which would occasion an equal distention. As soon as the air is perfectly evacuated, and the paunch resumes its office, the trochar may be removed ; and in what- ever way it is done, the wound should be carefully closed with sticking plaster or other adhesive matter. It is necessary to observe, that this operation is so safe, that whenever a medical assistant cannot be obtained, no person should hesitate a moment about doing it himself. After relief has been afforded, a stimulant drink may yet be very properly given, such as half a pint of common gin ; or one ounce of spirit of hartshorn in a pint of ale ; or two ounces of spirit of turpentine in ale, may any of them be used as an assistant stimulus. When also the cud is again chewed, still some relaxation of the digestive organs may remain ; at first, therefore, feed spar ingly and give for a few mornings a tonic. [130 No. 1.] 189. Inflammation of the bowels, or red colic, is by no means unknown in cattle pathology ; the symptoms of which do not differ from those common to the horse, and the treatment also, is in every respect the same. c45.") 190. Inflammation of the liver, or hot yellows, sometimes occur, in which case, in addition to the symptoms detailed under hepatitis in the horse (58,) there is, from the presence of systic bile in the ox, a more determined yellowness of the eye-lids, mouth, and nostrils, the treatment must be similar. (58.) 191. Inflammation of the kidnies, called red water, by the cow- iceches, is not uncommon among cattle, and is perhaps dependent on the lobulated form of these parts in them. The animal to the other symptoms of fever, adds stiffness behind, and often straddles, but always shrinks on being pinched across the loins, where fre- quently increased heat is felt, the urine is sometimes scanty, and now and then increased in quantity, but it is always first red, then purple, and afterwards brown or black, when a fatal termination may be prognosticated. The treatment has been fully detailed under nephritis in the horse pathology, (60) and which consists in plentiful oleedings, &c. but carefully abstaining from the use of diuretics, as advised by ign&rant cow-leeches 264 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 192. Black water is only the aggravated and latter stages of the above 193. luflammation of the bladder also now and then occurs, and in no wise differs from the cystisis of the horse, in consequences and treatment. (G2.) 194. The colica of cattle, arise from different causes ; they are subject to a spasmodic colic, not unlike that of horses, and which is removed by tlie same means. (53.) Costiveness also brings on a colic in them, called clue bound, fardel bound, &c. which often ends in red colic, unless early removed ; the treatment of this we have fully detailed. (55.) Another colic is accompanied with relaxation of bowels. 195. Diarrhoea, scouring, or scouring cow, is common in cattle, and is brought on by exposure to rain, improp»er change of food, over driving, and other violences. It is essentially necessary thai the animals be taken under cover, kept warm and dry, and have nutritious food allowed them. The medical treatment has been detailed. (52.) 196. Dysentery or hraxy, bloody ray, and slimy flux, differs from simple scouring, in a greater degree of fever attending it, and in its being an inflammation of i particular kind, and part of the intes- tines. It is frequently dependent on a vitiated putrid state of the bile, brought on by over driving in hot weather, low damp pastures in autumn, &.c. The discharge is characterized by its bad smell, and by the mucous stringy patches in it, and also by its heat and smoking when voided ; all which are very different from the mere discharge of the aliments in a state of solution in diarrhoea, and which differences should be carefully marked to distinguish the one from the other; treat as under dysentery in the horse. (49.) 197. Yellows. When active fever is not present, and yet cattle are very dull, with great yellowness of eyelids, nostrils, &.c. it arises from some biliary obstruction, to which oxen and cows are more liable than horses, from their being furnished with a gall bladder ; it is a more common complaint in some ot the cold pro- vinces on the continent, where they are housed and stall fed all tln» year round, tlian it is in England. The treatment is the same as detailed for chronic inflammation of the liver in horses (59) adding in every instance to it, a change of pasturage, and if convenient, into salt marshes, which will alone often effect a euro DISEASES OF CATTLE. 265 198. Loss of the cud. This enters the list of most cow-leechas' diseases, but is less a disease than a symptom of some other alFec- tion ; indeed it is evident that any attack sufficient to destroy the appetite will generally occasion the loss of the cud. It is possible, however, that an occasional local affection or paralysis of the paunch may occur, particularly when it is distended with unhealthy sub- stances, as acirns, crabs, the tops of some of the woody shrubs, &.c. The treatment in such cases consists in stimulating the stomach by tonics, as aloes, pepper, and gin mixed ; though these, as liquids may not enter the stomach in common cases, yet in this disease or impaired action of the rumen, they will readily enter there. 199. Staggers, daisy or turning, are sometimes the consequences of over feeding, particularly when from low keeping, cattle are suddenly removed to better pasturage. Treat with bleeding and purgmg. 200. Tetanus, or locked jaw, now and then attacks cattle, in which case it presents the same appearances and requires the same treat- ment as in horses. (11.) 201. Cattle surgery is in no respect different from that in prac tice among horses, the wounds are treated in the same manner. Goring with the horns will sometimes penetrate the cavity of the belly, and let out the intestines ; the treatment of which is the same as in tiie horse. (5G.) Strains, bruises, &,c. are also to be treated like these of horses. 202. Foul in the foot. This occasionally come* on of itself, but is more often the effect of accident : cleanse it well and keep it from dirt: — apply the foot paste. (166.) 203. Wornals, or puckeridge, are tumours on the backs .: f cattle occasioned by a dipterous insect which punctures their skin, and deposits its eggs in each puncture. When the eggs are hatched, and the larvae or maggots are arrived at their full size, they make their way out, and leave a large liole in the hide, to prevent which the destruction of the egg should be attempted by nipping the tumour, or thrusting in a hot wire. 204. Cattle obstetrics are not very varied ; young cows of very full habits have sometimes a super-abundant secretion of milk before calving, which produces fever and heat ; sometimes from cold taken , the same will occur after calving also : in either case, give miid dry food or hay ; bathe the udder also with vinegar and water ; in some 266 DISEASES OF CATTLE. cases, warm fomentations do best. If the fever run high, treat as under fever in horse pathology. 205. The process of calving is usually performed without diffi- culty ; sometimes, however, cross presentations take place, and sometimes a constriction of parts prevents the natural passage of the calf. To act properly on tliese occasions, great patience is required, and much mildness ; many cows have been lost by brutal pulling ; we have seen all the men and boys of a farm mustered to pull at a rope affixed about a calf, partly protruded, which, when it was thus brought away, was forced to be killed, and the mother soon died also from the protrusion of parts this brute? force brought with the calf. A steady, moderate pull, during the throes of the animal, will assirst much ; having first directed the attention n the situation of the calf, and that the presentation is sucli as not to obstruct its progress ; if it does, the calf must be forced back, and turned or placed aright. 206. IVhethering, or retention of the afier-hirth or burden. It sometimes happens that this is retained ; for which no better remedy has been hitherto discovered than warm clothing and drenching with ale, administered as a forcer. 207. The diseases of calves are principally confined to a species of convulsions which now and then attacks them, and which some- times arises from worms, and at others from cold. When the first cause operates, it is then relieved by giving a mild aloetic purge, or in default of that, a mild dose of oil of turpentine, as half an ounce night and morning. In the second, wrap up the animal warm, and drench with ale and laudanum a drachm. Calves are also very subject to diarrhoea or scouring, which will readily yield to the usual medicines. (131.) 208. Horn distemper or horn ail, A disorder incident to horned cattle, by which the internal substance of the horn (commonly called the pith, which is the spongy part of the bone) wastes away, &c. This disorder may be known by a dullness in the countenance, a sluggish motion, want of appetite, a desire to lie down frequently, shake their head and appear dizzy, &c. To be sure of this disease, take a small gimblet and perforate the horn 2 or 3 inches above the head : if it is hollow and no blood follows, it is the hollow horn ; This distemper is generally brought on by poverty, &c. Bore each horn at the upper and lower side that the drain may iiave vent, and administer at least two or three doses of salts or DISEASES OP CATTLE. SfOt some gentle purgative ; inject into the horn strong vinegar and cam. phorated spirits of salt and vinegar : this will cleanse the horn and effect a cure. Sawing off the horn is sometimes performed, but the above receipt Is preferablo. 209. Verftiin on cattle. It is found that a strong decoction o*" tobacco washed over a beast infected with vermin will generally drive them away. It sometimes will make the beast very sick for a short time. But a better remedy is to mix a plenty of strong Scotch snuff in train oil, and rub the back and neck of the creature with it ; which will effectually kill or drive away all vermin from a quadruped. Salt — Let it be remembered, when given to animals, enables the farmer to increase his live stock and keep them in health ; hence it ought freely to be given to sheep and cattle of every description ; but, to imitate nature, it should be previously dissolved and then mixed with pure fine clay in a mass, which is to be placed under a shelter so that the animals may lap it at pleasure. 24 268 DISEASES OF SHEEP. THE DISEASES OF SHEEP. 210. The diseases of sheep are numerous ; for these animals are now so highly cultivated that they may be regarded in some respects as artificial machines : and thus, as a natural consequence, they are subject to a variety of artificial defects and maladies. 211. The rot is a popular term among shepherds, and includes within its range diseases widely different. We shall not thei^efore follow the custom of treating the different rots of sheep together ; but we shall allow them to fall in the natural order, according to the plan pursued with the diseases of oxen. 212. The inflammatory and putrid fever, popularly known by the names higham striking or blood striking, does not differ materially from the same disease in oxen and cows : and is in sheep also some- times epidemic ; appearing by panting, dullness, watery mucus from the nose and eyes, and great redness of all such parts as are usually white. 213. The red water. The inflammatory fever sometimes resolves itself into an universal secretion of serum throughout all the cavi- ties ; in which case after a few days, the lymph tinged with blood will come away from the nose and mouth in large quantities. Some- times after death the bloody serum is found suffused throughout the skin as in the blood striking of skins. DISEASES OP SHEEP. 2^d9 214. The claveau or sheep pox is also another variety of this dis- ease, in whicii it takes on a pustular form. About the third day email variolae appear : sometimes they are rather blotches than pus- tules. The weakness is usually extreme, and the putridity great. This form of the disease is seldom seen with us ; but it is still known on the continent, where the pastures are very poor and low, and the general keeping meagre. 215. The treatment of all these in no wise differs from that di. rected under the inflammatory putrid fever of the ox. The doses of medicines being about a third of what is directed for them. 216. Malignant epidemic or murrain. Sometimes an epidemic prevails which greatly resembles the murrain of oxen ; in appear- ances, termination, and treatment it resembles malignant epidemic of oxen. (178.) 217. Peripneumonia or inflamed lungs, rising of the lights, glan- derous rot, hose, cj-c. Tliese terms are all modifications of an in- flamed state of the viscera of the chest, caught by undue exposure, bad pasturage, and often from over driving. The cough, trem- blings, the redness of the eyes and nostrils, and the distillation of a fluid from them, with the heavings and hot breath, are all simi- lar to those which characterize pneumonia or rising of the lights in oxen. We remember to have seen the disease strongly marked in the February of 1808, on a farm in the neiglibourhood of Streat- ham ; where eleven sheep were attacked almost together, after a very stormy night. They were first affected by a loss of appetite; next with a fixed steadfast look, which was common to every one After this, they reeled about, fell backwards and became convulsed. When seen, five were almost dead, whose internal appearances fully confirmed the nature of the disease. The rest recovered by bleeding and drencliing, witli drenches composed of nitre and tar- tar emetic. Sometimes tlie symptoms of pneumonia do not kill immediately, but degenerate into an ulceration of the lungs ; which is then called the gliindcrous rot. This stage is always fatal : the others may, by early attention, be combatted by judicious treat, ment, as detailed under the same disease in oxen. 218. A chronic cough in sheep, when not symptomatic of rot, is always cured by a change of pasturage, particularly into a sa.'t mash. 219 Inflammation of the stomach occurs from vanoufi causes. A 270 DISEASES OF SHEEP. common one arises from eating noxious veg«^tables, and produce! the affections termed tremblings. It also produces the grass ill in lambs, which latter is always accompanied with black foetid faeces, and is readily removed by an ounce of castor oil ; while the for- mer usually yields to half an ounce of oil of turpentine, beaten up with the yelk of an egg. Some herbs (as Atropa belladonna) when eaten produce spasmodic affections, which are called by shepherds leaping ill: in such cases the water solution of aloes {Vet. Pha 164,) in doses of two or three ounces is useful. Daffy's elixir we have also known to be given with good effect. 220. The hove, blast, or wind colic. Sheep are as liable to be distended with an enormous collection within the maw, as oxen. An instrument similar to that invented by Dr. Monro is also made for them ; and when not relieved by these means, the same reme dies are applicable, as are directed for oxen. (188.) 221. A wind colic will also sometimes affect sheep more from the quality than the quantity of what they eat ; it is best relieved by an ounce of castor or sal<|.d oil with an ounce of gin. 222. Inflamed liver, blood rot, or hot yellows, are liver affections arising from fever settling in that organ ; or from obstructed bile irritating it. Sometimes there are great marks of fever, and at others more of putridity ; according to which, treat as may be gathered from ox pathology. 223. Jaundice also now and then occurs, when refer to that dis- ease in oxen. (197.) 224. Dysentary, gall scour, braxy, are all affections brought on oy sudden changes of temperature, or of undue moisture acting with cold pasturage. It is often seen in sultry autumns : — Treat as under ox braxy. (196.) 225. Scouring is the diarrhcea of sheep, and in very hot weather soon carries them off. It should be early attended to, by abstract- ing the affected and housing them. The treatment is seen under diarrhcea of oxen, ''195,) which it closely resembles. 226. Pinning, tag-belt, break-share. The two former are only the adhesion of the tail to the wool, and the excoriation brought on by diarrhoea ; the latter is the diarrhoea itself, known to some by this term. 227. The rot tn sheep is also called great rot, and hydropic rot, ^c. out it is mere popularly known by the single term of rot.~ DISEASES OF SHEEP. 21 1 Many causes have been assigned for it, as the faciola fiepaiica, or fluke worm ; some particular plants eaten as food ; ground eaiing ; snails and other ingesta: but as most of the supposed deleterious herbs have been tried by way of experiment, and have failed to produce the disease, so it is attributable to some other cause. — Neither is there reason to suppose that the fluke worm occasions it, since we know the biliary vessels of other animals, as horses, asses, rats, &c. often have them ; and above all, because that they are not always present in the rotted subject. From long expe- rience and the almost invariable effect produced by a humid state of atmosphere, soil, and product, we are warranted in concluding these are the actual and immediate agents ; perhaps the saturated food itself is sufficient to do it. The morning dew has been sup- posed equal to it. Bakewell, when his sheep were past service, used to rot them purposely, that they might not pass into other hands. This he always readily did by overflowing his pasturages. But great differences of opinion exist as to the quantity, form, and varieties of moisture productive of this fatal disease. It is said that land on which water flows, but does not stagnate, will not rot however moist ; but this is contradicted by the experience of Bake- well, who used merely to flood his lands a few times only to rot his sheep. It is also said that they are safe from rot on Irish bogs, salt marshes, and spring flooded meadows, which experience seems to verify. It is also said that the very hay made from unsound land will rot ; but this wants confirmation. When salt marshes are found injurious it is only in such years when the rain has satu- rated, or rather super-saturated such marshes. That putrid exha- lations unaccompanied with moisture can occasion rot, wants con- firmation also ; for these commonly go together, and it is difficult to separate their effects. It is not perhaps the actual quantity of water immediately received by land, but the capacity of that land to retain the moisture, which makes it particularly of a rotting quality. 228. The signs of rottenness are sufficiently familiar to persons about sheep. They first lose flesh, and what remains is flabby and pale ; they lose also their vivacity. The naked parts as the lips, tongue, &,c. look livid, and are alternately hot and cold in the advanced stages. The eyes look sad and glassy, the breath is foetid, the urine small in quantity and high coloured ; and the bowels are at one time costive and at another affected with a black purging. The pelt will come off on the slightest pull in almost all cases. The disease has different degrees of rapidity, but is always fatal at last Thi« difference in degree occasions BOrtie rotted 24* 272 DISEASES OF SHEEP. sheep to thrive well under its progress to a certain stage, when they suddenly fall off, and the disease pursues the same course witn the rest. Some graziers know this crisis of declension, as it has been called, and kill their sheep for market at the immediate nick of time with no loss. In these cases no signs of the disease are to be traced by ordinary inspectors, but the existence of the flukes, and still more a certain state of liver and of its secretions, are characteristic marks to the wary and experienced. 229. The treatment of rot is seldom successful unless when it is early commenced, or when of a mild nature ; a total change of food is the first indication, and that to a dry wholesome kind : all the farina are good, as tlie meals of wheat, barley, oats, peas, beans, &c. Carrots have done good mixed with these ; broom, burnet, elder, and mellilot, as diuretics, have also been recom- mended ; but it is necessary to observe, that there is seldom any ventral efflision but in the latter stages of the complaint. As long as the liver is not wliolly disorganized, the cure may be hoped by a .simple removal of the cause, which has been shown to be a va- riable temperature, with excessive moisture of pasturage which may also be aided by such remedies as assist the action of the biliary system ; salt acts in this way, and thus salt mashes are good ; salt may also be given in the water. Salt appears the principal ingredient in Flesh's patent restorative for sheep, for it states it to be composed of turpentine, sal ammoniac, turmeric, quicksil. ver, brimstone, salt opium, alkanet root, bark, antimony, camphor, and distilled water ; but in this medley none of the articles can be in sufficient quantity to prove useful, but the salt. In the more advanced stages of the disease, when the liver has become mate- nally affected, it is prudent t-o rub the bellies of each sheep with half a drachm of mercurial ointment every other day for a week ; give also the following, every morning ; watery tineture of aloes, half an ounce ; decoction of willow bark, four ounces ; nitric acid; twenty-five drops. 230. The pelt rot, hunger rot, or naked disease, is a variety oi the former, but with this difference, that whereas the liver in the liydroptic rot, is principally affected ; in this the whole of the chylopoietic viscera are injured ; the mesenteric glands are al- ways swollen and obstructed, and from thence arises the emacia- tion and unhealthy state of all the secretions, by which the rot occomes incapable of receiving nutriment, and falls off" leaving the body bare, and in the last stages the teeth and horns also loosen. Indiffisrent, unhealthy keeping, is a very common cause of DISEASES OF SHEEP. 273 this malady, and a contrary course of feeding is the best remedy wlien the disease has not gone on too long. 231. The scab, shab, my or rubbers, are sometimes erysipelatous eruptions, and sometimes they are psoric or mangy ones. In the former instance tiiey are universal and very red, occasioning a great heat and itching, and are thence called the rubbers : in such cases, nitre administered quickly relieves, with change of food. The eruptive scab is seldom cured without an external application • either of those directed for mange, lowered to half the strength, will relieve it once. (See Vet. Pha. 171 and 172.) 232. Foot rot sheep have a secretory outlet between the claws peculiar to them, whicli is liable to become obstructed : their feet are also liable to become injured, and then diseased, from travel- ling or continued standing on wet soils : but the real foot rot is an endemial affection which sometimes attacks half of the flock. It must be attended to by removing all diseased portions, and then dressing with the thrush paste, or foot rot application, {Vet. Ph. 133,) and afterv^^ards wrapping up from external exposure. 233. Staggers, gid, turnsicic, goggles, worm under the horn, stur dy, wateiy head, and pendro, are all popular terms for hydatids, or an animal now known as the tsenis globulus, which by some unac- countable means, finds its way to tlie brain and settles itself there, either in some of its ventricles or more frequently on its substance. Their size varies from the smallest speck to that of a pigeon ^gg, and the sheep it attacks are usually under two years old. These animals are likewise occasionally found in all the natural cavities of }he body. 234. The appearances of cerebral hydatids are, stupidity, a dis- position to sit on the rump, to turn to one side, and to incline the head to the same while at rest. The eyes glare, and from oval, ihe pupils become round. An accurate examination will now usu- ally discover some softness at a particular part of the skull, gene- rally on the contrary side to that which the animal hangs the head : ■when no softness of the skull is discernable, the Iiydatid usually exists in some of the ventricles, and the destruction of the sheep IS certain and quick, from the greater disturbance to the functions of the brain ; but when it is situated on the surface, it sometimes requires many months to destroy ; an absorption of the bone takes place and the hydatid increases, which produces the thinness in tho skull opposite to the affected part. 274 DISEASES OF SHEEP. 235. This disease is not incurable, as has been supposed, but it is only relieved by a manual operation. In France it has been success- fully treated by the application of the actual cautery : a pointed iron, heated red hot, is forced through the skin and skull, to the surface of the brain ; the principal nicity of which, is in penetrating the hydatid with the hot iron without wounding the brain itself. In England, some shepherds are very dexterous at wiring, which they do by thrusting a wire up the nostrils till it rests against the skull. In the passage of the wire, the hydatid is usually ruptured ; others elevate the skull (by means of a trephine, or even a knife) opposite to the soften portion, and extract the hydatid, if possi ble, whole, which a little care will effect, by drawing it away with a blunt pincer, gently moving it from side to side. Tapping IS merely letting out the fluid contents of the hydatid by an awl, which is practised by some shepherds with success ; and if the instrument be not thrust too far, the animal is never injured ; to avoid which, it is passed obliquely. A well hardened gimblet is a proper instrument, with which the skull is easily penetrated, and an opening by the twisting of the instrument is made, suffi- ciently large in the hydatid itself, to discharge its contents, which IS all that is sufficient to insure its destruction, and which, if no other exist, is followed by immediate recovery. 236. Frontal worms. Sheep are observed to gather together, with their noses thrust inward to avoid the attack of the oestrus ovis, or fly, that lays its eggs on the inner margin of the nose, which, having become hatched, the larva creep up into the fron- tal and maxillary sinuses, to the torment of the sheep. It is re- commended to cover their nostrils during the short stay of these insects, with a gauzy substance, through which the animal can breathe, and keeping it on with some adhesive plaster, &.c. or daubing the nose often with tar, train oil, or mercurial ointment, &c. Remedy — Take half a pound of good Scotch snuff", pour two quarts of boiling water on it, stir it and let it stand till cold, inject about a table spoonful up each nostril, with a syringe ; repeat three or four times at proper intervals, from the middle of October to the first of January. Half an ounce of assafcEtida pounded in a little water added to the snuff" will make it more eff"ectual. The owner need not be alarmed after the operation to see the sheep very drunk, &lc. as they will soon recover. 237. Fluke icorms are a parasitic animal, found in the biliary Bmuses, not only of the sheep, but of the horse, ass, goat, deer &.C. and whose existence is rather a consequence than a cause of morbidity DISEASES OF SHEEP. 275 238. Diseases of lambs are confined to indigestion, and eruption of secreted matter: the former shows itself in colic, which is re- lieved as in sheep, and also by diarrhoea, to be likewise cured by the means detailed for them ; the latter is more obstinate, begins on the rump, gradually extending along the chine, and when it becomes more universal, it usually destroys. The cure consists in giving daily drinks of half a drachm of cream of tartar, and one drachm of sulphur, in four ounces of chamomile decoction. Anomt also with mild mercurial ointment and Turner's cerate in equal quantities. 239. Poison. Sheep are often poisoned by eating laurel or ivy, as it is commonly called (not the magnolium.) The symptoms of which is their foaming at the mouth, then vomiting the half mas- ticated leaves and green juice, by which the mouth of the animal is discoloured. Remedy — Take a gill of sweet oil, hog's lard, or fresh butter ; mix it with a pint of new milk. If taken seasonably it will effect a cure. Or, an egg given to each of the diseased, in the shape of a natural bolus, by simply breaking the egg snd slip- ping the yelk, and as much white as practicable, down the throat of the animal. The sheep, after swallowing the egg, will vomit up the leaves and green juice, but none of the egg. To cows give four times the quantity. 240. To destroy sheep ticks. Make a weak solution of arsenic, in which the lambs are to be dipped a few days after shearing the sheep, as the ticks having then no harbour on the old sheep, will resort to the lambs for shelter — this is the time to destroy them. Not the smallest injury will occur to the sheep, provided you take care to keep the head out of the water. Three persona are necessary — two to hold and dip the lamb, the third to squeeze the wool while the lamb is held over the tub. Or — An ointment made of Scotch snuff and hog's lard, or train oil, will kill or destroy them by one application. One ounce of snuff to a pouud of lard or oil, is about the proportion. 241. The castrating lambs, may be performed any time from the age of a fortnight or three weeks, to that of a month or six weeks, the lambs should be in a healthy state when it is done, as under any other circumstance they are likely to be destroyed by it. The operation is performed by opening the scrotum or cod and draw- ing out the testicles with the spermatic cord. This is often done with the teeth in the young state of the animal, but when the ope- ration is performed at a later period, it is usual to have recourse 276 DISEASES OF SHEEP. to tho knife, the arteries being taken up and secured by means of ligatures or the searing iron ; the business to be done in fair wea ther, when not too warm ; the gelded lambs, &c. should be kept in a dry shelter and quiet situation for a kw days. Sore nipples. Lambs very often die of hunger from their dams refusing them suck. The cause of this is sore nipples, or some tumour in the udder, in which violent pain is excited by the strik- ing of the lamb. Washing with sugar of lead and water, or spirits, will remove the complaint. OF THE DISEASES OF SWINE. 242. Swine are subject to various diseases, but according to Lau. rence, they are not easily doctored. They are subject, he says, to pox or measles, blood striking, staggers, quincy, indigestion, catarrh, peripneumonia, and inflammation of the lungs, called hearings. When sick, pigs will eat, and they will take medicine in their wash ; when they will not eat, there is no help for them. As aperients, cleansers, and alteratives, sulphur, antimony, and madder, are our grand specirics, and tliey are truly useful. As cordials and tonics, treacle and strong beer, in warm wash, and good peas and pollard. In the measles, sulphur, &c. and, if the patient require it, give cor- dials now and then ; in staggers, bleeding, fresh air, and perhaps nitre ; in catarrh, a warm bed, and warm cordial wash, and the same in quincy or inflammation of the glands in the throat. If external suppuration appear likely, discharge the matter when ripe, and dress with tar and brandy, or balsam. The heavings or unsoundness of the lungs in pigs, like the unsoundness of the liver in lambs, is sometimes found to be hereditary ; there is no remedy. This dis- ease in pigs is often the consequence of colds from wet lodging, or hasty feeding in a poor state; in a certain stage it is highly inflam- matory, and without remedy. Unction with train oil, and the internal use of it, have been sometimes thought beneficial. 243. Cutting and spaying. Cutting the young pig is performed at six or seven weeks old, according to their strength ; in a week after which they may hi weaned. After weaning shut up the sow closely, feed well, and on the reflux of the milk, she will express very loudly her desire for the company of the boar. It is necessary to state that sows are voracious, and occasionally fierce and savage animals, and have actually devoured young children. The sow it 278 DISEASES OF SWINE. epayed while she gives suck, and the boar safely castrated at any age. The operation of castrating is performed by cutting them across the middle of each stone, then pull them gently out and anoint the wound with tar. Spaying is performed by cutting in the mid flank, on the left side, with a sharp knife or lancet, in order to extirpate or cut off the parts destined for conception, and then stitch up the wound, anoint the part with tar salve, keeping the animal warm for two or three days. The usual way is to make the incision in a sloping manner, two inches and a half long, that the fore finger may be put in towards the back, to feel for the ovaries, which are two kernels as big as acorns, one on each side of the uterus, one of which being drawn towards the wound, the cord or string is cut, and thus both taken out. THE DISEASES OF DOGS. 244. The diseases of dogs arc vciy numerous. Tlie following are described by Blaine as the most preva- lent, with their methods of cure. 245. The canine asthma is hardly ever observed to attack any but either old dogs, or those who, by confirieineiit, too full living, and want of exercise, may be supposed to have become diseased by these deviations from a state of nature. It is liardly possible to keep a dog very fat for any great length of time, without bringing it on. This cough is frequently confounded with the cough that precedes and accompanies the distemper, but it may be readily distinguished from this by an attention to circumstances, as the age of the animal, its not affecting the general healtli, nor producing immediate ema. ciation, and its less readily giving way to medicine. 246. The cure is often very difficult, because the disease has in general been long neglected before it is sufficiently noticed by the owners. As it is in general brought on by confinement, too much warmth, and over feeding ; so it is evident the cure must be begun by a steady, persevering alteration in these particulars. The niedi. ernes most useful, are alteratives, and of these occasionally emetics are the best. One grain of tartarised antimony (i. e. tartar emetic) with two, tliree, or four grains of calomel, is a very useful and valuable emet,'c. This dose is sufficient for a small dog, ana may be repeated Cwice a week with great success — always with palliation 247. Of diseases of the eye, dogs are subject to almost as great a variety as ourselves, many of which end in blindness. No treat flicnt yet discovered will remove or prevent this complaint. 25 280 DISEASES OF DOGS. S48. Sore eyes, though not in general ending in blindness, are very common among dogs. It is an affection of the eyelids, is not unlike the scrofulous affection of the human eyelids, and is equally benefitted by the same treatment : an unguent made of equal parts of nitrated quicltsilver ointment, prepared tutty and lard, very lightly applied. Dropsy of the eyeball is likewise sometimes met with, but it is incurable. 249. Cancer. The virulent dreadful ulcer, that is so fatal in the human subject, and is called cancer, is unknown in dogs ; yet there is very commonly a large schirrus swelling of the teats in bitches, and of the testicles (though less frequent) in dogs, that as it some- times becomes ulcerated, so it may be characterized by this name. In the early state of the disease discutients prove useful, as vinegar witii salt, and camphor and Spanish flies, with mercurial ointment, have sometimes succeeded ; taking care to avoid irritating the part so much as to produce blister. But wlien the swelling is detached from the belly, and hangs pendulous in the skin, it had better be removed, and as a future preventative suffer the bitch to breed. Schirrus testicles are likewise s )nictiines met with ; for these no treatment yet discovered succeeds but the removal of the j)art, and tliat before tiie spermatic chord becomes much affected, or it will be useless. 250. Colic. Dogs are subject to two kinds of colic; one arising from constipation of tlie bowels, the other is a kind peculiar to dogs, apparently partaking of the nature of rheumatism, and also of spasm. From a sudden or violent exposure to cold, dogs become sometimes suddenly paralytic, particularly in the hinder parts ; having great tenderness and pain, and every appearance of lumbago. In every instance of this kind, there is considerable affection of the bowels, generally costiveness, always great pain. A warm bath, external stmiulants, but more particularly active aperients, remove the colic. Colic arising from costiveness, is not in general violently acute from the pain it produces; sometimes, however, it appears accompanied with more spasm than is immediately dependent on the confinement of tlie bowels. In the former give active aperients, as calomel with pil. cochioe, i. e. aloetic pill and clysters ; in the latter castor oil with laudanum and ether. 251. Cough. Two kinds of cougli are common among dogs, one accompanying distemper, the other in an asthmatic affection of the chest. (See 245, 252.) 252. Distemper. This is by far the most common and mof mutton broth thrown up, but it is seldom any treat, ment succeeds. 256. Infiamed lungs. Pleurisy is not an uncommon disease DISEASES OP DOGS. 283 among dogs. It is sometimes epidemic, carrying off great numbers. Its attack is rapid and it generally terminates in death on the third day, by a great effusion of water in the chest. It is seldom that it is taken in time, wlien it is, bleeding is useful, and blisters may be applied to the chest. 257. Madness. The symptoms of madness are concisely summed up by Daniel, in the following words : " o.t first the dog looks dull, shows an aversion to his food and company, does not bark as usual, but seems to murmur ; is peevish and apt to bite strangers ; his ears and tail drop more than usual, and he appears drowsy ; after- wards he begins to loll out his tongue and froth at the mouth, his eyes seeming heavy and watery ; if not confined he soon goes off. runs panting along with a dejected air, and endeavours to bite any one he meets." As persons are continually alarmed at the approach of every strange dog, the following observations founded on expe- rience may be of service in knowing what dogs to avoid : I have seen many mad dogs but never knew one in that state to curl its tail. This is a certain indication of not being mad : If you see a dog dirty at the mouth, coming at a trot with his head high, and, a drooping tail avoid him as a viper. Or if you see one sifting sickly and dirty at the mouth, avoid him, though it is not likely that he will snap at you in that period of the disease. I never met a mad dog, on being pursued, (if his pursuers were not in actual reach to stone him, &c.) to exhibit any signs of fear, he generally goes if not impeded, in a straight line against the wind at a brisk trot, wholly unconcerned at the shouts of the multitude pursuing him, and never squats his tail. I never knew a dog that was not mad, on being pursued and shouted after by a number of people, not to exhibit every symptom of terror — squatting his tail, turning his head and scampering in every direction. If a mad dog escapes being killed, he seldom runs above two or three days, wlien he dies, exhausted with heat, hunger, and disease. As this is a subject of no suglit importance, we shall stand excused for introducing the criteria as described by Blaine, whose account of the disease founded on long experience and attentive observation, is calculated to remove many unfounded and dangerous prejudices relative to it. He describes it as commencing sometimes by dullness, stupidity and retreat from observation ; but more frequently, particularly in these dogs tliat are immediately domesticated around us, by some alteration in their natural habits ; as a disposition to pick up and swallow every minute object on the ground; or to lick the parts of another dog incessantly. or to lap his own urine, &c. About the second or third day. the disease usually resolves itself into one of two types. The one is oa.- led raging and the other dumb madness. These distinctions are not 25* 284 DISEASES OF DOGS. iiowever always clear ; and to which is owing so much of discrep- iincy in tlie accounts given by different persons of the disease. 258. The raging madness, by its term has led to an erroneous conclusion, that it is accompanied witli violence and fury, which however, is seldom the case : sucii dogs are irritable and snappish, and will commonly fly at a stick held to them, and are impatient of restraint ; but they are seldom violent except when irritated or worried. On the contrary, till the last moment they will often acknowledge the voice of their master and yield some obedience to il. Neitiier will they usually turn out of their way to bite human persons, but they have an instinctive disposition to do it to dogs, and in a minor degree to other animals also ; but as before observed, seldom attack mankind without provocation. 259. Dumb madness is so called, because there is seldom any barking heard, but more particularly, because the jaws drop para- lytic, and the tongue lolls out of tlie mouth, black, and apparently strangulated : a strong general character of the disease, is the dis- position to scratcli their bed towards their belly ; and equallj' so is the general tendency to eat trash, as hay, straw, wood, coals, dirt, &.C. and it should be remembered, that this is so very common and so invariable, tiiat the fmding these matters in the stomach after death, should always render a suspicion formed of the existence of the disease, confirmed into certainty. Blaine is also at great pains to disprove the notion generally entertained that rabid dogs are averse to water ; and neither drink or come near it. This error, he contends, has led to most dangerous results ; and is so far from true, that mad dogs, from their heat and fever, are solicitous for water, and lap it eagerly. When the dumb kind exists in its full force, dogs cannot swallow'what they attempt to lap ; but still they will plunge their heads in it, and appear to feel relief by it : but in no instance out of many hundreds, did he ever discover the smallest aversion to it. He lays very great stress on the noise made by rabid dogs, which he says is neither a bark nor a howl, but a tone compounded of both. It has been said by some that this disorder is occasioned by heat or bad food, and by othei-s that it never arises from any other cause but the bite. Accordingly this malady is rare in the northern parts of Turkey, more rare in the southern parts of that empire, and totally unknown under the burning sky of Egypt. At Aleppo, our, and always selected and preferred for this purpose their highest bred horses, which were also frequently covered, like their riders, in heavy armour. In former times in England, their hunters were only half bred liorscs, but later observations and expe- rience have fully convinced them that only tliose that are tliorough bred (notwithstanding the popular clamour of their deficiency in bone) are adequate in speed, strength, and durability, to long and severe chases with fleet hounds, particularly over a deep country, and that they will always break down any horses of an opposite description that may be brought into the field. The value of the racing blood when crossed upon the common cart breed is also apparent in making them superior in the plough and wagon, provided they liave the requisite size, arising from quicker action and a better wind particularly in the long hot days of summer. There is the same difference of motion between the race, and the common bred horse as between a coach and a cart. It '"« moreover a fact, although not generally known, that no other horses are capable of carrying witli expedition such hcav}' weights ; and were " a thirty stone plate (420 lbs.) to be given, and the dis- tance made fifty miles, it would be everlastingly won by the thor- ough bred horse. There is only one way in which a bred horse would be beat at high weights; it would be (to use a queer phrase.) to make it a stand still race ; in that rase, I would back a cart horss ; 1 think he would beat a racer by hours." The strength of the race horse, and his ability to carry high weights, arise from the solidity of his bones, the close texture of his fibres, the bulk and substance of liis tendons, and from his whole ANNAhS OP THE TURF. J393 psculiar conformation. His superior speed and endurance originate from his obliquely placed shoulders, depth in the girth, deep oval quarters, broad fillets, pliable sinews, and from the superior duc- tility and elasticity of his muscular appendages. It is also from the blood horse that we acquire fineness of skin and hair, symmetry and regularity of proportions, elegance and grandeur. As a proof of the latter qualities, the highest dressed horses of the ancient emperors are invariably of the highest cast of Arabian or Southern blood. The object of the preceding remarks was to show the impolicy of discouraging the sports of the turf, as being the indispensable test by which to try the purity of our blooded stock, and the only certain means of insuring its preservation ; that the thorougli bred horse was beyond all question, the most useful species of the whole geims. since he was applicable to every possible purpose of labour in which horses are used, either for the saddle, for war, parade, hunting, the road or quick draught, and even for the laborious ser- vices of the wagon and plough. It now only remains to make some remarks (as connected with the above tepics) on the standing and prospects of future patronage which the sports of the turf have in England and this country. It is an undeniable fact that the high degree of improvement to whicli the blood of stock horses in Eng land have attained, is mainly owing to the liberal and weighty pa tronage which has invariably been extended to the sports of the turf in that country ; it is patronised as a national amusement by the royal favour and munificence, and directly encouraged by the most distinguished nobility and gentry ; by men who are ranked as her chief statesmen. The decline of this sport has frequently been predicted in that country, particularly at unfortunate periods of war and distress ; but it has been steadily maintained for more than a century, with few or no fluctuations, and is at this time in a high state of prosperity. Never were so many thorough bred stallions kept in England as at present — never was New Market, Epsom, oi Doncaster, better attended than at the late meetings. The numbei of blood horses annually exported from England is unusually great, and to her, Russia, France, Austria, and the United States of America, the East and West Indies, have been long indebted for their most valuable stocks. In Virginia the sports of the turf have been revived and are ex- tending over the state with great spirit, and are infusing into her citizens a due sense of their importance in giving value to the race horse. Virginia has long held a pre-eminence over every other state in the Union in raising fine horses — and it is mainly to be attriliuted to the passion for this fascinating and rational amuse- ment, to the steady encouragement given to it at all times, both during adverse and prosperous times, since the state had its foun dation in a colony. To her the Carolinas, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee, have always looked for a supply of blooded stallions ; to her they still are indebted as well as the new states of Alabama, Louisiana, INIississippi, &c. Let then Virginia maintain and in- crease this celebrity, by a'dopting all means which are calculated to promote so laudable a distinction. Let her place and extend tht* aVi. ANNALS OF THE TURF. sports of the turf on the most liberal and equitable bsisis, and let her, in order to give increased value to her racing stock, speedily pub- lish a Stud Book. Otigin and progressive improvement of the race horse. It cannot but be an interesting task to inquire into the origin of the turf horse, and to ascertain the means by which he lias been brought to his present liigh state of perfection. The English writers main tain the theory, that the horse genus was supposed to have consist- 3d originally of two grand divisions or species : the silken-haired, flat, and fine bone courser, and the full bodied, coarse, and rough, liaired steed, adapted to draught and the more laborious purposes. From these two original species may fairly be derived all those numerous vari'.^ties wJiich we at this day witness in different parts of the world. Soil and climate most undoubtedly have considerable effects, through a long course of ages, in producing varieties of form, colour, character, and properties. The largest horses are generally found to be the production of the rich low lands of tlie temperate climates, abounding in rich and succulent food. The fine skinned, with elegant symmetry, dry and solid bones, large tendons, and the highest degree of muscular energy, in fact, bearing the general characteristics of the blood horse, are bred under warm and southern skies, upon a dry soil, on the hills of the desert. The hypothesis is entertained, that Arabia is the native or breeding country of the courser, and that part of Europe, formerly denomi- nated the Netherlands, or Low Countries, the original soil of the !arge drauglit horse. Other writers, jiowever, contend, that all horses are derived from the same single primitive species, and that varieties are purely accidental and the effects of varying soil and climate. This opinjon, however specious, is not sanctioned by facts and experience in allowing full force to the arguments derived from the effect of soil and climate, yet it is equally true there are certain landmarks and boundaries of specific character, in both the animal and vegetable creation, which nature will never permit to be ]);issed. No length of time or naturalization upon the marshy soil of Bel- gium, it may safely be pronounced, would be sufficient to transform the high bred, silken and bounding courser of Arabia, into the coarse, bluff and fixed horse of the former country; nor would the sojournment of the latter, during any number of ages, in the south, liave tlie effect of endowing him witli these peculiar properties of body, which distinguish the a!)original southern horse. Tlie inter- change just supposed, would no doubt have the effect of increasing fhe bulk of the courser and reducing that of the draft horse; but the natural characteristics of each, would remain unassailable by any other medium than that of intercopulation through which we know from experience they may be merged, and in effect an- nihilated. Arabia Dcserta is allowed to be the breeding country of the purest and highest bred racers; tliat is to sa}', possessed in the highest de- gree of those qualities wliich distinguish tlie species ; and these are sleekness and flexibiliiy of the skin, and general symmetry from the ■lead to the lowest extremities. Tiie eye full and shining, the head ANNAjua OF THE TCKF. 295 joined, not abruptly, but to a curved extremity of the necli ; tho shoulders capacious, deep or counter, and declining considerably into the waist ; the quarters deep, and the fore arms and thighs long, large and nmscular, with a considerable curve of the latter ; the legs flat and clean, with the tendon or sinew large and distinct; the pasterns moderately long, the feet somewhat deep, the substance of the hoof fine, like that of the deer ; in size not large, seldom ex- ceeding or reaching the height of fifteen hands. It is in the mountainous country, among the Bedouin Arabs, that tlie blood and characteristic properties of this species of the horse, has been preserved pure and iincontaminated by any alien mixture or cross, as they pretend, for more than two thousand years. It is well known tluit the Englisli race horse was originally bred from the Arabian, Barb, and Turkish stocks, and contains in his veins nearly an equal admixture of the blood of each. The Bar- bary horses were generally smaller than tlie Arabians, but carried more depth of carcase. Tlieir most prominent points are, ears handsome and well placed ; forehand fine and long, and rising boldly out of the withers ; main and tail tliinly haired ; with lean small head ; withers fine and high, loins short and straight, flanks and ribs round and full, with good sized barrel ; tail placed high ; haunches strong and elastic ; thighs well turned ; legs clean ; si- news detached from the shank ; pastern too long and binding ; foot good and sound; of all colours, but grey the most common. They are bred upon a similar soil and sprung from the desert like the Arabians, of which tliey are generally deemed a variety. In goodness of temper and docility these horses resemble the former, and are said to be very sure footed ; generally cold tempered and slow, requiring to be roused and animated, on which they will discover great vigour, wind and speed, being in their gallop great stridors. The Turkish horses resembled the Barbs, and were said to be handsome, elegantly formed, full of spirit, possessing fine hair, soft skins, good speed, but more particularly remarkable for their un- failing wind, enabling them to undergo much labour and fatigue. It is a curious physical question, that the Arabian, Barb, and Turkish horses, should, only in particular individuals, have proved valuable foal getters, and that these properties should be denied to the generality of them, and that the whole of them should so soon be laid aside. Out of the vast number of these foreign horses imported into England in early times, but very few of them estab- lished their characters as the propagators of high formed racers ; and it may be assumed as a fact, that for some more than half a century past, not a solitary Arabian, Barb, or Turkish stallion has been used in England ; or if used at all, were found to be utterly worthless. England soon discovered that from her fine climate and soil, she had obtained in size, form and speed, every quality which the best models of the original foreign breeding countries could afford to her, it is true she had to resort to the Arabians and Barbs for a foundation ; but as soo^ cs the stock arising f/om them had been sufficiently acclisiafed and dilfuifeU through the country, she found 26* -^96 ANNALS OF THE TURF. it safest to rely upon them for all those qualities which they them seives haa acquired from their foreign progenitors. The early English breeders found the Arabian stock to const} tute an excellent cross upon the Barb and Turk, as from the Ara- bian blood was acquired speed, stoutness and stride from the Barb length and height from the Turk. But of all the foreign stallions imported into England in early times, the fame of the two great Arabians, the Darley and Godol phin, has swallowed up that of all the rest ; and the best English horses for nearly a century past, have been either deeply imbued in their blood, or entirely derived from it. They have produced stock of vast size, bone and substance, and at the same time en • dowed with such extraordinary and before unheard of powers of speed and continuance, as to render it probable that individuals of them have reached nature's ultimate point of perfection. The descendants of these Arabians have rendered the English courser superior to all the others, not only in the race, where indeed he has long excelled, but as a breeding stock. To such of my readers as are unacquainted with the history of that justly celebrated horse, the Godolphin Arabian, the following particulars of him may not be unacceptable. He was in colour a brown bay, somewhat mottled on the buttocks and crest, but with no white excepting the off heel behind ; about fifteen hands high, with good bone and substance. The fame of the Godolphin Ara- bian was greatly increased by the famous picture which was taken of him by the immortal Stubbs, and which sold at his sale for 246 guineas. Tliis portrait of the Godolphin is doubtless an admirable piece ; it represents his crest as exceedingly large, swelling and elevated, his neck elegantly curved at the sitting on of the head, and his muzzle very fine. He had considerable length ; his ca- pacious shoulders were in the true declining position, and of every part materially contributary to action, nature had allowed him an ample measure : add to this, there is in his whole appear. ance, the express image of a wild animal, such as we may sup- pose the horse of the desert. Certainly the horse vi?as no beauty, but vfith his peculiar and interesting figure before me, I cannot help wondering, that it should not occur to his noble proprietor, a true sportsman as he was, that the Arabian might be wortliy of a trial as a stallion. Tliis liorse was iuiported by Mr. Coke into England, and it was strongly suspected that he was stolen, as no pedigree was obtained with him, or the least item given, as to the country where ho was bred ; the only notice given, was, that he was foaled in 1724. Mr. Coke gave him to Mr. Williams, keeper of the St. James' Coffee House, who presented him to the Earl of Godolphin. In this noble lords' stud he was kept as a teazer to Hobgoblin, during the years 1730 and 1731, when that stallion re- fusing to cover Roxan;i, she was covered by tlie Ar;ibiiui, the yiro- duce of which was Latli, not only a very elegant and beautiful horse, but, in the general opinion, the best which had appeared on the turf since Flying Childers. The Arabian served for the re- mainder of his life in the same stud, producing a yearly succession of prodigies of tlie species. He died in the year 1753, in his ti^Jih ANNALS OF THE TURF. 297 year, and was decently buried, and cakes and ale were given at the funeral of his flesh. Tlie followin-g famous horses, some of wliicli were of great size and powers, besides many others with a great number of capital racing and broodmares, descended from the Go- dolphin Arabian, viz : Latli, Cude, llegulus, Babram, Blank, Dis- mal, B;ijazct, Tamerlane, Tarquin, Phoenix, Slug, Blossom, Dor- mouse, Skewball, ISiiltan, Old England, Noble, tlie Gower Stal- lion, Godolphin Colt, Crip])le, Entrance. IMr. Darlej, of a sporting family in Yorkshire, being a mercan- tile agent in the Levant, and belonging to a hunting club at Alep- po, made interest to purchase a horse, one of the most valuable ever imported in England, and which fully established the worth of the Arabian stock. He was a bay horse, his near foot before, with his two hind feet white, with a blaze in his face, and about fifteen hands high; he was imported into England in the year 1703, then four years of age. The Darley Arabian, (for such he was called,) got Flying Chii- ders, Bartlett's Childors, Almanzor, Whitulogs, Cupid, Brisk, Die- dalus, Skipjack, IManika, Aleppo, Bully Rock, Whistlejackct, Sec. This horse had not that variety of mares which annually pour- ed in upon the Godolphin Arabian, indeed he covered very few except those of Mr. Darley his proprietor — but from these sprung the largest and speediest race horses which were ever known. — Flying Childcrs and Eclipse, the swiftest bej'ond a doubt of ail quadrupeds, were the son and great grand son of this Arabian, from which, also, through Childors and Blaze, descended Samp- son, the strongest horse that ever raced before or since his time ; and from Sampson was descended Bay Malton, who ran at York four miles in seven minutes forty-three and a half seconds, being seven and a half seconds less than it was ever done before over the same course. On crossing, breeding and rearing the Turf Horse. The subject of crossing is one of the most important which has ever engaged the attention of tlie breeder or amateur, and it is still left in doubt whether we ought to adhere to remote crossing in propagating the race horse, or that we may successively breed "in and in," viz. putting horses and mares together of the same family. All that we can do is to disclose the facts which that unerring guide, experience, has established, and the exceptions to the rule which those facts have pointed out to us. Crossing, or intermix- ing the blood of different racing breeds, has ever prevailed upon the turf, and experience has proven it to be a rational practice, when adopted with the view of an interchange of the requisite qualifications, external or internal ; such as the union of speed and bottom, sleiiderness and substance, short and long shapes. Experience tells us that the greatest success has ever attende(J those breeders and that the most valuable stock has resulted there- from, who have adhered to remote crosses. The finest running and highest formed horses that have appeared in England were bred from the union of two distinct stocks, the Herod and Eclipse. Tho former stock was invariably remarkable for stoutness and lasting- Hcss, the latter for speed and by the union of these opposite MUS ANNALS OF THE TURF. niialitios 'wliereby a remote cross was taken up,) a stock was ob- l.ained in which was blended a sufficiency of tlie requisite quali- lies of bot!) to make first rate running horses. Tliere was another distinct stock in England, which crossed well upon the Herod and Eclipse branches ; I allude to the Matchem or Godolphin Arabian Stock; and it may here be remarked, that there has not been in England a first rate running horse on the turf for the last 70 years, without more or less blood of this valuable horse. How- ever necessary a remote cross may be considered, yet exceptions have arisen to it as a rule, as some of the most distinguished horses in England were bred considerably in and in — Flying Childers for instance, considered the fleetest horse in the world. Old Fox, also a celebrated racer and valuable stallion, had an fiflinity of blood in his pedigree, as well as other high formed racers and stallions. But lliese exceptions arose in Great Britain in her early days of breed- ing, when tiiat country was enriched by the importation of par- ticular Barb, Turk, and Aral>ian horses that had peculiar and ex- traordinary properties as stock getters, as their immediate descen- dants constituted the best racers of those days, and demonstrated that the character of the English race horse had attained its utmost perfection at that early date. At a later period, but little success had attended the efforts of those who have bred in and in. The Earl of Egremont has occa- sionally tried it, as well as Lord Derby (the owner of Sir Peter Teazle,) but with little encouragement. Still the British writers are diviiied on the subject : Morland, in his treatise on the gene- alogy of the English blood horse, expressly says, that incestuous crosses should be avoided, viz : putting horses and mares together of the same class ; while on the other hand Lawrence, in his splendid work on the " History and delineation of the Race Horse," makes the following remark of an opposite tendency : " An adhe. rence to the practice (of remote crossing) cannot be held mdispen- sably necessary on any sound theory ; nor need any disadvantage be apprehended from coupling horses and mares of the same breed or family, even the nearest relative, upon the principles above and hereafter laid down. I have often heard of, and indeed seen, mis- erable legged and spindled stock resulting from such a course, but other very visible causes existed for the result. " According to the adage, " like produces like," we ought to follow form and qualification ; and if a brother and sister, or father and daughter excel in those roRpects all others within our reach, we ought to enjoin them with good expectations, for aught I know to tiie end of the chapter : and the prejudiced fear of adopting this practice, has often led our breeders into the error of adopting an inferior form from the presumed necessit}' of a cross." The present remarks are peculiarly applicable to the breeders of the race horse in Virginia, for they are at this very time making the experiment of breeding " in and in," or from the same family of horses, as it is well known that all tlic turf horses now and for the last ten years past, produced in that state, are of the " Sir Archy stock." It were to be wished that there was a greater variety of the race blood m tUat state to give breeders a wider field for selection; a descendant ANNALS OF THE TURF. 290 of I\Ic(llcy or Citizen would cross well upon tlie present numerous stock of Sir Arcliy, and it would perhaps iiave jjeen a fortunate cir. ininistance, could the celeliratcd horso I'ocolet, (who was bred ana rais;^! in Virginia,) have heen retained in that state. The subject of breeding is the next which claims our attention. The business of breeding is divided into the systcuiatic and chance medley; the formation of regular studs and observing some fixed principles, characterize the former; while the latter is a kind of random atl'air, common to the whole country where foals are raised for a man's pleasure or convenience, for wliich no extra pre- parations are made, or much rotlection bestowed, further than to make use of any mare lliat may cliance to be in possession, and of any horse which the vicitiity aii'ords or custom may present. In tiie formation of studs, tlie object generally had in view is bret'ding for the turf, and one of the lirst jirinciples is to breed from no stallions unless they be thorough bred; in plain terms, both their sires and dams must be of the purest of the Turkish, Barb or Arabian coursers exclusively, and this must be tested in an authentic pedigree, throughout whatever number of descents or crosses.* Tlie brood mare should be equally pure or thorough bred, and par- ticular attention should be paid to her form, as one of the prime causes of failure of most breeders is confining their attention solely to the horse, without paying sufficient attention to the form of the marc, and permitting fashionable blood and the supposed necessity of a cross to have too decided a preference to correctness of shape. To constitute a thorough bred animal, and to assure the attainment of every desired quality or perfection, both tlie male and female ought to possess it. Experience has proven tlie correctness of the principle that " like produces like ;" acting upon this principle, we have the best assurances to expect success from a junction of the best shapes or the greater number of good points we can combine, both in the horse and the mare, from such junction the average will be favourable, true form will result from the union of true form in both sire and dam ; and thfe next general result will be, that every horse sufficiently well formed, and furnished in the materia] points, will excel either in speed or continuance, or will possess an advan- tageous mixture of both. Blood is blood, but form is superiority. In rearing of turf horses, the following principles arc recom- mended by the most successful breeders : the land to be dry and sound, the harder the better, provided it be fertile : irregularity of surface a recommendation. Fresh springs or streams, shade and shelter, and extensive range. Sufficient number of inclosures, both for each species, which it is necessary to keep apart, and to prevent too great a number of any being crowded together. Houses *Tliere is a practice in Virginia and Nortli Carolina, in giving tiie pedi {;ree of a slallioij, to name unK' one or two crost-es, particnlarly on the dani'» side, and then pronounce liim "the finest bred horse in the world." Who can nroiionnce on a horse's good or bail blood unless we krow the whole of it ? He may trace to the common dray breed of the country for anglsi we know. JiOO AJJMALS OP THE TURF. or sheds in tlio inclosiircs ; soft and sweet lierbage for tl^e colts and milk marcs ; and finally a very liberal allowance of land in proper- lion to the stock, that there may be not only ample grazing in the grass season, but an equally ample quantity of provisions of the requisite kind during the winter. A firm, dry, and hard soil, will have a corresponding effect upon the feet, limbs, and tendinous system of horses bred upon it ; as will a dry, clear and elastic air upon their wind, animal spirits and general habit. Such are the advantages enjoyed by the horses of tlie mountain and the desert ; but these advantages are greatly en- lianccd in a country where abundant herbage and moderate tem. perature are superadded. All breeders concur in the propriety of keeping colts well the first and second winters ; for colts from the best shaped parents will degenerate upon insufficient nourishment, and be stinted from the palsying effects of damp and cold in tiic winter, if a comfortable and general shelter is not allowed them. Good keeping and warmth, during the first and second years, is indispensable, in order to invi- gorate the circulation of the animal's blood, to expand his frame, to plump up and enlarge his muscles, to encourage the growth of his bones, and to impart to thein that soliditj' and strength which pre- serves them in the right line of symmetry. It must be interesting to the amateur, the sportsman, and the breeder, to give a correct, though concise account of the most dis. tinguished turf stock of blood horses, which existed in Virginia between the years 1750 and 1790, a period more remarkable for fine horses, than perhaps any other, either prior or subsequent to that lime. It was during this period that " races were established almost at every town and considerable place in Virginia : wlien the inhabi- tants, almost to a man, were devoted to this fascinating and rational amusement : when all ranks and denominations were fond of horses, especially those of the race breed ; when gentlemen of fortune ex- pended large sums on their stud, sparing no pains or trouble in importing the best stock, and improving the breed by judicious cross, ing." The effects of the revolutionary war put a stop to the spirit of racing until about the year 1790, when it began to revive, and under the most promising auspices as regarded the breed of turf horses, for just at that time or a little previous, the capital stallion Old Medley was imported, who contributed his full share to the reputation of the racing stock, whose value had been before so w^ell established. Previous to the year 1800, but little degeneracy had taken place either in the purity of the blood, the form or perform- ances of the Virginia race horse ; and in searching for the causes of a change for the worse, after this period, the most prominent one was the injudicious importation of inferior stallions from England. About the period of time last mentioned. Colonel Hoomes and many others, availing themselves of the passion for racing, inundated S'irginia with imported stallions, bought up frequently at low pricea in England, having little reputation there, and of less approved blood, thereby greatly contaminating the tried and approved stocks which had long and eminently distinguished themselves for thei» ANNALS OF THE TURF. 301 feats on the turf, their services under the saddle, and as valuable cavalry horses during the revolutionary war. In recommending renewed efforts to the Virginians, for the further improvement and preservation of their stock of blood horses, the necessity and im- portance of the immediate publication of a Stud Book (and of a Racing Calendar hereafter) cannot be overlooked. It is the wish of the writer, that the tendency of this, and the foU lowing pages, may excite a spirit and a desire for such a work, by sliowing that there are valuable materials extant, only requiring diligence and zeal to bring them to light, capable of being made up into a valuable publication on this subject. Tlie want of such a work as a Stud Book, is now lamentably seen and felt in Virginia, wJiere few pedigrees of any particular stock can be traced far back, before they are lost in the mazes of uncertainty and conjecture. It may safely be asserted that the stock of horses in Virginia never can arrive to that degree of improvement and perfection, and mora particularly high value as to price, they otherwise would do, unless a record of this kind is publisiied and preserved, to be resorted to for a correct knowledge of their blood. In breeding for the turf and selling turf horses, blood is every thing; as it has been found that particular strains or pedigrees of horses of this class, are re. markable for their speed and bottom, while otliers are miserably defective in these essential qualities of the race horse. A Stud B )ok and Racing Calendar will be a standing record, always ena. bling us to avoid the bad, and to cherish those particular strains oi horses, that have established their good qualities for the turf. How has Virginia been injured in her racing stock by some particular stallions, bred in that state ? Potomac, for instance, who, although they raced it well, yet being badly bred, propagated an inferior race of horses. Let me therefore, emphatically remind the breeder of the race horse to use great particularity and caution as to the stallions from which he breeds ; examine well into their pedigrees, and to tlu qualities of tlie stock from wbicli they are descended; as an exne. rience of more than a century in England has proven the fact, that wliere a stallion has been stained with an inferior or " dunghill' cross, however remote in his pedigree, it is certain to lurk out and exhibit itself in his progeny, no matter how well he may have raced it himself. We should breed back as nuich as possil)le upon the good old stocks of Jolly Roger, Janus, Morion's Traveller, Fearnought, and Medley, of which I propose to give a particular accoiuit in the sue. ceeding pages. It has been well for us that the nnportation of stallions from England has long since ceased, and I hope never to see it revived again. The sod of tlio Beacon course (four miles and upwards) is now too little trod by the English race horse : short races with light weights are now too common; the consequences arc, that their stock of blood horses are rapidly losing that stamina and inherent goodness of constitution or stoutness, which enabled them in former days to carry high weiglits, and to support frequent and hard running. Fifteen or twenty years ago, the Virginians bred altogether from imported English stallions, and at that 'ima 302 ANNALS OF THE TURF. also, there were more sportsmen on the turf; yet we have at this day better race horses, under less patronage^ from American bred stallions, than at that day. Does not this prove that by adhering to our own stock, and breeding from large highly formed, full blooded stallions, that our turf horses will soon equal or exceed any in the world ? and as our race stock is considered stronger and more active, it will be found advisable to breed them for the saddle, plough or wagon. Jolly Roger, was the first horse that gave distinction to the racing Etock of Virghiia. His performances on the English turf, and that of Ids pedigree, are recorded in the name of " Roger of the Vale." After he was imported into this country he took the name by which he is now known ; he was foaled in 1741, and commenced covering in Virginia about the year 1748. He was got by Roundhead, who was by Flying Childers, who was by the Darley Arabian. The dam of Roundhead was the famous " plate" mare Roxana \>y the Bald Galloway, tlie dam of the celebrated racers and stallions Lath and Cade by the Godolphin Arabian. The dam of Jolly Roger was got by Mr. Croft's famous horse Partner, the best racer and stallion of his day, his grandam by Woodcock — Croft's Bay Barb; Makeless ; Brimmer ; Son of Dodsworth ; Burton Barb mare. Jolly Roger got many fine racers, stallions and brood mares, and is a favourite cross in the pedigree of the Virginia bred turf horse, and very justly too. Jolly Roger got Spanking Roger, out of the imported mare Jen. ny Dismal, and Longsdale out of an imported Monkey mare. Janus was a chesnut horse, foaled in England in 1746, and got by Janus, a bay horse foaled in 1738, full brother to Blank and Old England, being got by the Godolphin Arabian out of the fa- mous ' Little Hartley mare' by Bartlett's Childers, son of the Dar- ley Arabian. Janus was imported into Virginia by Mr. Mo.rdecai Booth, of Gloucester county, Va. in the year 1752 ; his dam was got by old I'ox, Twhose name stood eminent in the English pedigree,] his grandam by the Bald Galloway. Although Janus partook of every cross in his pedigree calcula- ted for tlie distance turf horse, yet his stock were more remarka. llle i'or speed than bottom. Janus, from his shoulders back, was considered the most perfect formed Jiorse ever seen in Virginia, by the most skilful connoisseurs ; he was remarkable for roundness of contour, strength of articulation, and indicating great powers and stamina in his whole conformation. His stock partook of these qualities in an eminent degree, and for thirty or forty years they were considered as a ' peculiar stock,' us they invariably exhibited even in the third and fourth genera, lions from the old horse, the same compactness of form, strength and power. The Janus stock have exceeded all others m the Uni- ted States for speed, durability and general uniformity of good form ; and more good saddle and harness horses have sprung from them than from any other stock. ANNALS OF THE TURF. 303 Celer was justly considered as the best son of old Janus, as he propagated a stock equal in every quality to those of the stock begotten by his sire. He was bred by Mr. Mead of Virginia, and foaled in 1774, and died in 1802, aged 28 years. As the pedigree on liis dam's side is not generally known, I wiH here give it. The dam of Celer was got by the imported horse Aristotle, a brown bay, finely formed, full 15 hands high, bred by Mr. Bladen and got by the Cullen Arabian, his dam by Crab, his grandam by Hobgoblin, great grandam by the Godolphin Arabian, out of a famous mare called White Cheeks. Morton's imported horse Traveller contributed in an eminent degree to the improvement of the turf stock of horses in Virginia He was a bay liorse, foaled about the year 1748, and was a cover- ing stallion at Richmond court house, Va. as early as the year 1754 He was bred by Mr. Crofts, at Raby in Yorkshire (who was the for tunate breeder and owner of some of the first horses in England) and was got by his famous horse Partner, who was a grandson of the Byerly Turk, and was himself the grandsire of King Herod. The dam of Traveller was by Bloody Buttocks (an Arabian) Grey- hound ; Makeless ; Brimmer ; Place's White Turk ; Dodsworth ; Layton Barb mare. Morton's Traveller was bred from the bes« running stock in England in that day : the famous Wetherington mare was full sister to Traveller ; she bred Shepherd's Crab and other capital racers. Morton's Traveller got Tryall and Yoi'ick out of Blazella, im- ported, and Burwell's Traveller out of a Janus and Lycurgus ; al- so Lloyd's Traveller out of a Jenny Cameron, and Tristam Shandy out of a Janus, Ariel full brother to Partner, and Partner out of colonel Tasker's imported mare Selima. Partner was the best son of Morton's Traveller, proving to be not only a fine race horse, but a valuable stallion. He was foaled about the year 1755. Partner got Rockingham out of Nelson's im. ported mare Blossom, and Fitz Partner out of the dam of Celer and the celebrated horse Mark Anthony. Mark Anthony's dam was by Othello, (a son of Mr. Parton's capi tal English horse Crab) his grandam the imported mare Moll Bra- zons : she was sired by Spark, who was imported to this country by Governor Ogle, of Maryland, and was given to him by Lord Baltimore, who received him from Frederick, Prince of Wales. Mark Anthony was foaled about the year 17G3, and did not ex- ceed fifteen hands in height, and was a horse of beauty and intrin. sic value, whether viewed as a racer or stallion. In the former character he was not excelled by any horse of his da.y, being " remarkable for his swiftness," having at the same time good wind, enabling him to run four miles heats in good form. In the latter character he stood deservedly celebrated, and propagated a stock which were held in the highest estimation for their various valii able qualities, whether for the turf, the saddle or the harness, — Mark Anthony got Collector out of a Centinel, and Monarch out of a thorough bred mare, and Romulus out of a Valiant. 27 304 ANNALS OF THE TURF. Yorick got Pilgum out of a little Davie, and Bucephalus out of a Careless, and Junius out of an Othello. BiirwelVs Traveller got Southall's Traveller out of an imported mare, and Camillus out of a Fearnought mare. Lloyd's Traveller got Leonidas out of a Morton's Traveller mare. Junius got Spangloss out of a Jolly Roger mare. Fearnought holds the first claim prior to the day of Medley, and is therefore entitled to the palm in preference to any stallion that had preceded him in giving the Virginia turf stock a standing equal to that of any running stock in the world. The blood which flow- ed in the veins of old Fearnought must have been peculiarly rich in those qualities that make up the conformation of the race horse, as not only the whole stock got by Fearnought run well, but also his sons and his grandsons were remarkable for generally getting good running stock. There was also strength and stamina univer- sally pervading tiie Fearnought stock, to which may be added good size, that made them the best distance horses of their day. The fact is that the Fearnoughts run well all distances, and the old horse stood higlier than any other horse on the continent for get- ting racers ; and he got more of them than any other — he also was the sire of more fine stallions than any other horse of his day. Old Fearnought was bred by William Warren of England, and foaled in the year 1755. He came out of Mr. Warren's fine brood mare ' Silvertail,' and was got by Regulus the best son of the Go- dolphin Arabian. Regulus, when six years old, won eight King's plates. He never was beat, being very superior to any horse of his day. Silvertail the dam of Fearnought, was foaled in 1738, and got by Heneage's Whitenose ; her dam by Rattle — Barley's Arabian — the old Child mare, got by Sir Thomas Gresley's bay Arabian out of Mr. Cook's Vixen, who was got by the Helmsly Turk, out of a Royal Barb mare. Fearnought was imported into this country by Col. Jn. Baylor, who advertised him in the year 1765, as " a bright bay, 15 hands 3 inches high, remarkably strong and active, and the full brother to the late Mr. Warren's invincible horse Careless." Old Fear- nought died in the fall of 1776, at the age of 21 years. Among other capital stallions and racers, he got the following, viz : — Nonpareil, out of a Janus mare. Nimrod, out of a Partner. America, out of a Jolly Roger. Regulus out of the imported mare Jenny Dismal. Godolphin, full brother to Regulus. Shakspeare, out of an imported Cub mare. Gallant, out of a Stateley mare. Shakspeare, out of an imported Shakspeare mare. Apollo, out of an imported Cullin Arabian mare. Harris's Eclipse, out of Baylor's imported Shakspeare man Laurel, out of a Fearnought. ' Matchless, out of Sober John. King Herod, out of an Othello. ANNALS OF THE TURF. 305 Whynot, out of an Othello. Dandridgc's Fearnought, out of Symmes' VVildair, out of a Jolly Roger, who p^-oved to ho tlio best son of old Fearnought. VVildair got — Commutation, out of a Yorick marc. Highflyer, out of a Yoriok mare. Chanticleer, out of a Pantaloon mare. Chanticleer, the best son of Wildair, got — Magog, out of a Wildair. Prestley, [full sister to Magog,] the dam of Wilkes' Madison Cornelia, the dam of Mr. Randolph's Gracchus. Tlie stock of old Medley may justly be ranked as among the most remarkable and valuable that have ever signalized themselves on a Virginia race course. This stock of horses lacked nothing but size to have made the best racers in the world ; and yet their want of size was not manifested on the turf: as their ability to carry weight exceeded that of any other stock ; they were also remarka- ble for good wind or bottom, for fine limbs and good eyes, than other race of horses that have been bred in Virginia. These quali- ties resulted in this stock [and were more peculiar to them than to any other,] from the close proximity of the points of the hips to the shoulder, from the uncommon solidity of their bones, the close tex- ture of their sinews, and the bulk and substance of their tendons, which always enabled them to carry the highest weights, and to endure the greatest stress on tlieir bodily powers. To these quali- ties may be added their uncommon purity of blood, derived from their sire old Medley, who was one of tlie purest blooded liorses ever bred in England. Gimcrack the sire of Medley, was one of the most remarkable horses of his day in England. He was a grey, and called the " lit- tie grey horse Gimcrack," foaled in 17GU, got by Cripple, a son of the Godolphin Arabian. Gimcrack was one of tlie severest running and hardest bottomed horses that ever ran in England ; although small, yet his ability to carry weight was very great, for he frequently gave the odds as high as 28 pounds, and he con- tinued on the turf until 11 years of age, thereby showing his un- common hardiness of constitution and firmness of limbs which he richly transmitted into the veins of Medley. Gimcrack at four years old won seven 50?. plates, 4 miles ; also in 1765, at 4 miles, 50/; also 1000 guineas, 250 guineas forfeit. He beat the Duke of Cumberland's Drone, 4 miles for 500 guineas, giving him 21 lbs. In 17G6 he was sent to France, and in 1767 returned to England, and won in that year, four SOL plates, 5 miles. In 1768, two 50/. plates and the silver bowl. He beat Mr. Vernon's Barber for 300 guineas giving him 28 lbs. in 1770. He beat Lord Rockingham's Tacho for 3000 guineas, giving him 28 lbs ; also Lord Rockingham's Pilgrim for the whip and 200 guineas, the whip equal to the guu neas. Gimcrack was then 10 years of age. Earl Grosvenor had two portraits taken of Gimcrack. That of Gimcrack preparing to start w reckoned excellent of its kind. The two portraits, it is gfiM* iDresent thif horse in different shades of grey ; the iron 306 ANNALS OF THE TURF. grey of liis youth, and the hoary white of his old age. Gimcrack had acquired such fame and celebrity that his last proprietor lefl hun a length of time at Tattersal's for the inspection of the public. TJie dam of Medley was Arminda, by Snap, (full sister to Papil. Ion, the dam of Sir Peter Teazle, the best in England.) Medley acquired his beautiful symmetry and proportions from Snap, who was a horse of great beauty and justness of proportion, strong, vigorous, and muscular, and was upon an equality as a racer, if not superior to any horse of his time. Medley was imported to this country by Malcomb Hart, in the year 1785. Among many other distinguished racers and stallions, Medley got the following, viz : Boxer, out of a Fearnought mare. Opernico, out of a Lindsey Arabian mare. Quicksilver, out of a VVildair. Young Medley, out of a Blue and all Black. Melzar, out of a Wildair. Lamplighter, out of a Ijongsdale. Fitz-Medley, out of a Dandridge Fearnought mare. Gimcrack, out of an Ariel. Bellair, out of a Yorick. Bellnir may justly be distinguished as the best son of old Medley, not only as being upon an equality as a racer, but as having got more tine stallions, racers, and brood mares, and as being decidedly the best bred son of his distinguished sire. Bellair partook of the best blood that has been highly valued in Virginia, viz: of Morton's Traveller through Yorick, Fearnought, Partner, Mark Anthony, &,c. Colonel Tasker's famous running mare Selima, that was tlie dam of Partner, was the great grandaui of Bellair ; and I will here take occasion to correct an error in the pedigree of this celebrated mare, as it has prevailed for more than thirty years in all the published pedigrees which I have seen of Bellair. Col. Tasker's Selima, is represented to have come out of a mare called Snap Dragon, by Snap ; this is a manifest error : the Godolphin Arabian, who sired Selima, died in 1753; Snap was foaled in 1750 and did not com. mence covering until 6 years old, hence the first Snap mares were not foaled till 1757, 4 years after the Godolpliin was dead. Col. Tasker's Selima was bred by Lord Godolphin, and came out of a mare by Old Fox, that was the dam of Daphne, and also of the celebrated running horse Weasel, that was the property of Lord Rockingham ; the grandam of Selima by Flying Childers, — Make- less — Tatlblet Barb — Natural Barb mare. I would urge upon the breeders of the Virginia Turf Horse to take in, in their different crosses, as much of the blood of old Med. Icy and Bellair as possible, to give their stock firm limbs, very much needed at this time, as the Virginia race horses of the present day train off the turf too early. The following letter appropriate to the prfsent subject, is from tliat eminent breeder and sportsman Col. John Tayloe, formerly of Mount Airy, Virginia, now of Washington City. " In reply to your favour, I shall be happy if any information I um able to give you in regard to old Medley, and such of hi» stock ANNALS OP THE TURF. 307 as I nave owned, can be of service to you. Old Medley was im- ported to this country about the year 1785, was owned by Mr. Mai- comb Ftirt, and stood at Hanover Court House. He was one of the most beautiful horses I ever saw. I cannot at tliis remote period pretend to describe him further than he was a grey horse of the finest proportions and not more than 14 1-2 to 15 liands liigli. I have always esteemed him one of the best horses ever imported into the United States, and concur with you in opinion that his stock is decidedly the best we have had. His colts were the best racers of their day, although they were generally small ; but their limbs were remarkably fine, and they were distinguished for their ability to carry weight. I owned some of the best of his colts. Bellair and Calypso I bred ; Grey Diomed and Quicksilver, I purchased from the profits which I realized from their successful performances on the turf. I have reason to iiold Medley in grateful remembrance. " As respects Bellair, he was strong built and rather stout, good eyes and remarkable fine bony legs : rather above fifteen hands. I do not think his bottom was surpassed by any horse on record ; if ever he locked his antagonist I felt confident of success. When he ran with Mr. Randolph's Gimcrack, he was in excessive bad order, after a long journey, in bad weather, from Maryland, — they ran tliree 4 mile heats, in each of which Bellair mended, and was not beat far. I refused 500 guineas for him immediately after the race. " I concur with you respecting the old Virginia stock, which should not be lost." Having given an account of Col. Tasker's imported mare Selima, it may not liere be improper to add that of Carter Braxton's im ported mare Kitty Fisher : as those two mares bred more fine stock in Virginia than any other imported mares brought to this country; it being well known to the sportsmen and breeders for the turf, that some of the highest formed racers and stallions bred in that State were descended from those two mares. Kitty Fisher was a gray mare foaled in 1755, and imported by Carter Braxton in the fall of 1759. She was bought by Mr. Brax. ton, at New Market, England, in the spring of 1759, being then the property of the Marquis of Granby, and stood at the time en gaged in a sweepstake for 3600Z. for three years old fillies ; but the Marquis being abroad with the British armies, he was allowed to withdraw himself from his racing engagements, and directed all his running stock to be sold. At the sale she was purchased as above and sent over to this country. She was got by Cade, (one of the finest sons of the Godolphin Arabian) her dam by the CuUen Ara bian, out of the famous mare Bald Charlotte. (Bald Charlotte was a high bred mare, of the finest form and winner of King's plates.) Kitty Fisher was trained in this country and run, and won easily several matches. It is peculiarly pleasing to recur to those periods in Virginia, when the blooded horse held such a high place in the estimation of the people; when men the most distinguished for their wealth, their talents or patriotism, were seen vying with each othei wn? 27* 308 ANNALS OF THE TtIRP sho'ild import the finest blood horses or mares from England, oi raise them from those already imported. It was the object of the writer, in tlie preceding pages, to call up those periods to review, and give an account of the most valuable stallions and mares, from wliich the Virginia stock were bred during those times, hoping it will serve to animate the breeders of the present day, and stimulate them to emulate their ancestors in their zeal and success in rearing the blood horse. Justice, a chesnut horse, fifteen hands high, was bred by Wm. Manby, of Gloucestershire, England, and got by Regulus out of the Bolton Sweepstakes. Justice covered in Prince George county, Virginia, in 1761. Othello, a beautiful black, fifteen hands high, very strong was got by Mr. Panton's Crab, in England, out of the Duke of Somer- set's favorite brood mare. Othello covered in Virginia, on James' River, in 17G1, and was a most capital stallion. He got Selim and the dam of Mark Anthony. Crawford, a fine dapple grey, 15 hands high, was bred by his royal highness the Duke of Cumberland, and got by his Arabian. Covered in Virginia in 1762. Juniper, a fine bay, 15 hands one inch high, foaled in 1752, was got by Babraham, one of the best sons of tlie Godolphin Arabian. The dam of Juniper by the Stamford Turk, &c. Juniper covered in Charles Cit}'', Va. in 1762, and was an excellent stallion. He is a remote cross in the Virginia pedigree. Ranter, a beautiful bay, 15 hands high, foaled in 1755, imported into Virginia in 1762, by Wm. S. Wadman. He was got by Dimple, a son of the Godolpiiin Arabian ; the dam of Ranter by old Crab, Bloody Buttocks, &lc. Ranter stood in Stafford County, Va. in 1753, and is an old cross in our pedigrees. Aristotle, brown bay, 15 hands high, got by the Cullen Arabian, his dam by old Crab, &c. Aristotle was one of the finest and highest formed horses imported into Virginia in his day ; he pro. pagated a most valuable stock for the time he lived, having died shortly after coming into Virginia. He stood at Berkely, Charles City county, in 1764. Bucephalus, brown bay, 15 1-2 hands high, foaled in 1758, was got by Sir Matthew Wetherton's horse Locust, his dam by Old Cade, Partner, &c. Bucephalus was a very strong horse, and stood at Tuppahannock, Va. in 1765. David, a bay horse, 15 hands high, well made, very active, and desc(mded from the best stock in England Stood in Virginia m 1765. Dotterell, a high formed horse, 15 1-2 hands high, a powerful strong boned horse, was got by Changeling, his dam by a son of Winn's Arabian, &.c. Changeling was one of the finest horses in England of his day Dotterell stood in Westmoreland county, Va. in 1766. Merry Tom, a. beautiful bay, 4 feet 11 inches high, he was got by Regulus, (jne of the best sons of the Godolphin Arabian,) his dam by Locust, a son of Crab, his grandam by a son of Flying ANNALS OF THE TURF. 309 Chiklers, &c. In 1762, he won 200 guineas sweepstakes at R.cli- mond ; in 1753, lie won 50/. at Durliatn, and the noblemen and gentlemen's suljscription at Cupar, in Scotland. Merry Tom stood in Piince George county, in 1767; he was the sire of the noted horse Smiling Tom. Sterling, a fine dapple grey, foaled in 1762, was got by the Bell, size Arabian, (which Mr. J. Simpson offered 1500 guineas for,) out of Mr. Simpson's Snake mare; she was got by Snake, a son of the Lister Turk, out of the Duke of Cumberland's famous mare, the dam of Cato. Sterling traces down to the famous old mare bred by Mr. Crofts at Raby, in Yorkshire, and sold to the Duke of Cleveland. Sterling was a very fine horse, and became famous as a valuable foal getter. He was owned by Win. Evans, and stood in Surry county, Va. in 1768. He did not exceed 15 1-2 hands in height. Lnlfi, a bay horse, 15 hands one inch high, strong and bony, was got by Shepherd's Crab, his dam by Lath, a son of the Godolphin Arabian, &c. Lath was landed in this country in 1768, and won that year the 50/. weight for ag 310 ANNALS OF THE TURP. imported into England from Oriental countries, and has exhibited a degeneracy as to suhstauce or stamina, in proportion as it lias been removed from this elder foreign blood. The above stallions were the descendants of Oriental stock, as well as Janus and Feariiouglit, [wlio were the grandsons of the Godolphin Arabian.] During the days of those horses and their otlspring, Virginia was famed for her fine saddle horses, and their weights on the ;urf was 144 lbs. for aged horses : now it is pro- verbial that the blood horse of Virginia rarely produces a fine sad- dle horse, nor have they a single turf horse capaljle of running four miles in good time with their former weight. All their good races are now made by young horses carrying light weigjit, say from 90 to 103 lbs. The same retrospect of the English stock discloses the same facts : Lawrence remarks, that a " retrospect seems to evince great superiority in the foreign horses of former times, many of the best English racers in these days, being the immediate descendants, on both sides, of Arabs, Barbs, or Turks, or their sires and dams. That union of substance and action, which was to be met with in for mer days, has been of late years still more scarce." As evidence of the correctness of Lawrence's opinion, it may bo adduced that the established weights on the English turf, in former days: were increased to 168 lbs. and it was during this pe- riod that their horses continued to improve botli in substance and speed, and notwithstanding the great weigJit of 168 lbs. they had to carry, they ran four miles from 7 minutes 30 seconds to 7 min utes 50 seconds. From the days of Eclipse, the weights were gra- dually reduced, and have been brought down to 119 lbs. and on no track exeeediug 133 lbs. Yet there is not a racer now in England able to run his distance in as good time as they were in former days with their high weights. Tlie present rage for breeding horses to a great height should not be so much attended to as obtaining the requisite substance, and from the above list we see tliat from 15 to 15 1-2 hands in height, has combined with it that necessary union of substance and action which enabled the horses in former times to run in such fine form and carry such high weights. The most obvious way to insure this desirable substance or stamina in our stock, is to increase the vi'eights of the turf to the old standard, and not to permit colts to start in public vintil four years old. The great su- periority of the elder English race horses is iu part to be attribu- ted to tlie favorable circiuustance of their not liaving started in public until five or six years old. Tliis delay has the obvious fa- vorable effect of enabling the bulk and substance of their limbs and inferior joints to become strong in proportion to their weight, and their whole tendinous system consolidated and firm. Flying Chil dors. Bay Bolton, Brocklcsby, Betty, Bonny Black, Buckhunter, Die famous Carlisle gelding, PJclipse, and a great number of others, dii not race in public until five v.nd six years old ; and they were jacers of the highest eminence for performance and heavy weight, of any on record in the English annals of the turf ANNALS OF THE TURF. 311 The first step towards an American Stud B«ok or collecting' an account of our blood horses, is to ascertain the number of stal- lions imported from England, with their pedigrees annexed, be. cause it is to the importation of horses and mares from that king, dom, tliat we are indebted not only for tlie foundation of our stock of Turf Horses, but for their present value. There is not a pedigree of a single blood horse or mare in this country, but what goes in every cross directly or remotely back to English stock. STUD BOOK. ;f' AMERICAN STUD BOOR. A. ABELINO, g. c. by Dragon, dam Celerrinia. 1804. John Hoomes. ACQUITTAL, by Timoleon, dam (dam of Bolivar) by Sir Hal, &.c. William Wynne. ACTEON, ch. h. by Dandridge's Fearnought, dam [by imp''d] Feanioughi, a;r. dam by inip'd Jolly Roger, out of an imp'd mare, fee. Chesterfield, Va. 1712. Thos. Woolridge ch. c. by Kosciusko, dam Artless. 1829. S. Caroli'na. Harrison ACTIVE, by Chatam, dam Shepherdess, [by imp\i] Slim. ADAMANT, b. h. by Boxer, dam by Lindsay's Arabian, g. dam by Oscar, out of Kitty Fisher. 1799. Nicholas Wynne. ADELINE, b. f. Dy Henry, dam by Old Oscar, g. dam the Maid "of Nor- thumberland, &LC. New Jersey. J. Vandike. br. m. by Spread Eagle — Whistle Jacket — Rockingham — Old Cub, &.C. 1806. John Tayloe. Young, by Topgallant, dam Adeline by Spread Eagle. 1809. John Tayloe. ADELA, b. f. by Ratlei, dam young Adeline. Dr. Irvine. ADELAIDE, b. f by Thornton's Ratler, dam Desdemona by Miner E.* cape, &.C. ADRIA, b. f by Pacific, dam Oceana. 1331. J. Southall. ADMIRAL NELSON, [imp'd] b. h. by John Bull, dam Olivia, by Justice — Cypher, ttc. Foaled 1795. William Lightfoot. AFRICAN, bl. h. by Careless, dam by Lloyd's Traveller, gr. dam by Othello. Flatbush. 1783. A.Giles. AONES, or the Thrift mare, by Bellair, dam by Wildair, gr. dam by Fearnought, &,c. William Thrift. b. m. by Sir Solomon, (by Tickle Toby,) her dam Young Romp, by Duroc, g. dam Romp, by fi>n/>'d] Messenger. 1822. Gen Cole-i 28 316 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. AGRICOLA, bl. h. by Highflyer, dam by [imp^d] Dove, gr. dam Emery'* noted running mare. Chesterfield, Va. Reuben Short. AGRIPPA, g. h. by the Winter Arabian, dam by Harrison's Pretender, (who was by Hyde's [imp''d] Pretender,) g. dam by [imp^d) Dio- mede, &c. Kentucky. R. J^ Breckenridge. AJAX, (See Kill Devil.) ALFRED SIR, (See Sir Alfred.) ALARICUS, by Haskin's Americus, dam (Henderson's) Young Medley, g. dam, by Thornton's Wildair, &lc. ALEXANDER, [imp''d] was bred by Sir William Wynne, Bart, got by Lord Grosvenor's Old Alexander, (son of Eclipse) his dam Sweet- btier, g. dam out of Monimia's dam, who was by Alcides, her dam by Crab, out of Snap's dam, &.c. Virginia. Wm. Smalley. [Imp^d] got by Champion, dam Countess, &,c. Claverick, New- York, 1797. gr. c. by Old Pacolet, dam Jenny Riland. [by imp^d] Bedford, dam Imp'd mare Drone, &,c. Col. Piatt. ALEXANDRIA, sor. m. [byimp^d] Alexander, dam Black Maria by Shark. 1811. J. Tayloe. [Jmp'd] was by Alexander, her dam by Woodpecker, g. dan; by Phlegon, out of Lord Egremonl's Highflyer mare, &,c. Foaled, 1796. John Hoomes. ALBEMARLE, by Diomede, dam Penelope, by Shark— Indian Queen by Pilgrim, &,c, ALDERMAN, [Imp^d] got by PotSos, dam Lady Bolingbrooke, by Squir rell, Cypron, the dam of king Herod, &c. John Banks. Mare, dk. b. by Alderman, dam by Clockfast, out of a Wil- dair mare. 1799. J. Wickham. ALARM, [/w/j't/] br. m. by Thunderbolt, dam Tadora, &.C. ALABAMA PACOLET, (see Pacolet Alabama.) ALBERT, by Americus, dam by Wildair, (by Fearnought,) g. dam by Vampire, g. g. dam by [/»y)'«/] Kitty Fisher. 1798. Robert Saunders. ALCIDES, b. c. by Galatin, dam Clio, [by Imp'd] Whip. Richard A. Rapley. ALFRETTA, ch. f by Christian's Hotspur, (by Timoleon,) dam Lady Al- fred, by old Sir Alfred. 1831. Hugh Campbell. ALGERINA, b. f by Jones' Arabian dam Equa. P. Wallis. ALIDA, ch. f by Bagdad, dam Nancy Nichol, [by Imp'd] Eagle, her dain by Little Wonder, &c. W. W. \LIERKER, a. g. by Old Sir Hal, dam by Wonder, her g. dam by Bellair, g. g. dam by Medley, &c. Wm. D. I'aylor. \LICE, gr. f by Henry, dam Spirtmistress. Queens Cy. New-York, 1829. Thos. Pcarsall. \LICE GRAY, gr. f. by Brilliant, dam by Sir Archy. Foaled, 1829. Thomas Snowden, Jun. ALLAKROKA,b.m.byTelegraph,dam Crazy Jane by Sky Scraper. Lewis Berkley. AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 31? ALL TRUMPS, s. m. by Sir Archy, dam [hy 7mp'(f'] Jack Andrews. Richard Addms. ALL WORTHY, b. c. by Aratiis, dam Miss Gatewood. ALKNOMAC, cii. c. by Kosciusko, dam by Buzzard, g. dam [6y Imp^d] Speculator, &.C. KenUicky. Ed. M. Blackburn. ALZIRA, by Archduke, dam by Bedford, g. dam by Pollyphemus, g. g. dam by Sloe out of Celesta. Wm. Gariiett. AMANDA, by Grey Diomede, dam Amanda by Bedford. Powhatan, Va. Wade Mosby. b. m. by Bedford, dam by Old Cade, g. dam by Col. Hick- man's Independence, (by Fearnought,) out of Dolly Fine, &,c. Pur- chased by J. Hoomes. J. Broaddus. -Duroc, b. m. by Duroc, dam by Sir Solomon, g. dam [/m/j'rf] Trumpetta. (fee. 1827. AMAZON, by Dictator, dam Statira by Percy, g. dam Homespun by Rom- ulus. 1800. Wade Hampton. AMAZONIA, b. m. by Tecuniseli— Sir Harry— Celer, (fee. Nash. Cy. N. C. 1815. Nath. Ward. AMAGAZA, b. m. [by Imp''d'\ Chance, dam by Carolinian — Chanticleer - Flimnap — Fearnought — Old Janus, &,c. AMERICAN ECLIPSE, (or New- York,) s. h. by Duroc, dam Miller's Damsel, (by Messenger,) g. dam [Imp'd] Pot8os mare by Eclipse, &c. Dosiris, Long Island, N. Y. Foaled, 1814. C. W. Van Ranst. AMERICA or GIFT, ch. h. by Old Fearnought, dam by Jolly Roger, g. dam by Dabster. Bred by Ralph Wormley, 1775. Augustin Miller, cli. s. h. by Smiling Tom out of a Blooded mare. York Town, Va. 1777. b. m. by Sir Peter, dam Diana by Americus. AMERICUS, [by Imp\i] Shark, dam by Wildair, (by Fearnought,) g. dam by Vampire, out of Bra.xton's Kitty Fisher. King and Queen, Va. 1798. John Hoskins. [bi/ rmp\l] Fearnought, dam [Imp''d] Blossom. AMY ROBSART, ch. f. by Gracchus, dam Lady Bunbury. J. Randolph. ANASTATIA, b. m. by Tom Tough, dam by Hoskins' Americus, g. dam by Boxer, &,c. ANDREW JACKSON, b. h. by Virginian, dam by Sir Arthur, g. dam by Florizell. ANDROMACHE, by Old Cub, her dam by Sweeper, g. dam Clarissa, [by Imp''d] Ranger. Washington, 1808. Wm. Thornton. ANGEIJNA, b. f. [by Imp'd] Norris' Paymaster, dam Shrewsberry Nan by Rajazett. Cecil Cy. Maryland, 1795. Th. M. Forman. ANNA, b. f. by Truxton, dam Dido by Coeur de Lion. 1810. ANNETTE, by Old Shark, dam by Rockingham, g. dam by Galatin. Lewis Willis ANTOINETTE, b. f by Marshal Ney dam Camilla by Timoieon. Raleigh, N. C. 1830. C. Manly ANVIL, [by Imp^dj Cormorant, dam by Bellair, gi. Jam an [Imp^d] maio Landon Carte< i]8 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. INVELINA, [Tmp'd] b. m. Presented by Mr. O'Kelly in 1799 to Col. J. Tayloe, she was by Anvil out of O'Keliy's famous inare Augusta by Eclipse. Sold Co!. Alston of S. Carolina. \P0LLO, dk. b. h. by Old Fearnought, dam Spolswood's [/ot/)V] CuHer Arabian mare. 1777. Richard Elliott. \PPARITION, [Imp''d] h. c. by Spectre, dam young Craii.berry, (bred by Earl Grovesnor,) by Tiiunderbolt out of Cranberry, by Sir Peter, &c. [Irnp''d] into New-York. XRABIAN Lindsay's or Ranger, presented by the Emperor of Morocco tr the captain of an English vessel, and landed in the West Indies • there he broke three of his legs, and was made a present to a gentle. man from Connecticut, where he went l)y the name of Ranger. Captain Lindsay was sent by General Lee, in 1777-8, who purchased him and brought him to Virginia. See American Farmer, vol. P page 223. — ^— Jones'. A dapple grey 15 hands high, black legs, mane and tail. Selected in Tunis by Major Stith, American Consul there, and purchased for Commodore Jacob Jones of the United States Navy. See American Farmer, vol. 10. page 127. -Seli.m, g. h. presented by Murad Bey to the late Gen. Sir F Abercrombie, and after his death he became the jjroperty of Com- modore Barron, of whom he was purchased, and afterwards sold and carried to Kentucky. 1815. John Tayloe. -Winter's. Was captured during the last war, (1814, j then one year old, by the privateer Grampus, of Baltimore, on board the brig Doris, his Majesty's transport. No. 650, on his passage from Senegal in Africa, to l^ortsmouth, England, and was intended as a present for the then Prince Regent, late king of England. This horse was sold, and purchased by E. J. Winter, member of Con- gress, from the Slate of New- York. This Arabian is now white, and about four feet nine inches high. -Bagdad. Was purchased by George Barclay, Esq. of New- York, from Hassana de Gris, Minister to England from Tripoli, who iinported him to England, as a horse of the purest Arabian blood : he was purchased by a Company in Nashville, Tennessee, for )g8,000. 1823. BussoHA. [/w/j'tT] from the land of Job, for which $4,000 was paid. Stood at New- York. -Ballesteros, dk. br. formerly the property of Ferdinand King of Spain, and still bears the Royal Mark. W'hen the French Army got possession of .Madrid, the steed belonging to tiie King oJ Spain, was taken by the .Spanish nobles, carried to Cadiz and tiiere sold. Aiiiongst others was young Ballesteros — he became liie prr>- perty of Richard S. Hackley, Es(). Consul at that place, who dis posed of him to Captain Singleton, of Philadelphia, who brought him toiiiis country, and sold liiin to Tiiomas Guy of Richmond, Va he got some colts in the .State of Delaware. Broad Rock, Vn. 1816. William Ball. Arabarh, bl. [/my't/] by Col. Lear, a large strong horse, well proportioned but not handsoine ; he was the sire of the dam oi Fairfax. Col. Lear. ARABIA, bl. h. by Old Janus, from a blood mare by an [fmp^d] Horte. Cumberland Cy. Va. 1777. Thomas INioody. Felix, ch. ni. by Arab, dam by Shylock. Thomas T Tabb. AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 31*^ ARAB, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam Bet Bounce, by Sir Hariy. Brunswick Cy. Va. 1829. ARATUS, b. h. by Director, dam (Star's dam) by Sir Harry, g. dam bv Sattram, &c. (dead.) J. J. Harrison. ARABELLA, br. f. by Arab, dam by Virginian, g. dam by Old Sir Archy. 1827. by Dare Devil, dam a Clockfast mare. Richmond, 1823. Samuel McCraw. ARCHER, [/m/i't/.] A bay horse got by Flagergill, dam sister to Crassu?, by Eclipse, Young Cade, Rib, I^artner, Greyhound, &.C. Virginia, 1802. T. Reeves. ARCH DUKE, Ump''d.] A brown bay got by Sir Peter Teazle, dam Ho- ratio by Old Eclipse — Countless by Blank. Richmond, 1803. John Banks. ARCHIBALD, [Imp'J] bred by the Duke of Hamilton, and foaled in 1801. He was got by Walnut sou of Highflyer, his dam the bay Javelin mare, her dam Young Flora, sister lo Spadille by Highflyer, &,c. William Smalley. ARCH DUCHESS, by Sir Archy, dam Duchess. (Blind.) John Randolph. ARCHY SIR, (Benehans) by Old Sir Archy, dam by Eagle, gr. dam [by Imp''d] Druid, g. g. dam by Old Mark Anthony. [Neal'sJ by Old Sir Archy, dam Virginia. J. Jackson. Minikin, b. f. by Sir Archy, dam Young Minikin. John Randolph. Grey, i_See Grey Archy.) ARIADNE, [by Ijnp'd\ Citizen, dam by Blank. Col. Holcombe. . by Bedford, dam Mambrino. J. Hoomes. . by Ball's Florizelle, dam Thunderclap, (bred by Mr. Wick- ham, Richmond,) g. dam Ariadne, by Bedford. ARIEL, b. f by Young Contention, dam Kitty [by Imp'd] Whip. Georgia, 1830. Charles A. Rudd. -(brother lo Partner,) by Morton's Traveller, dam Col. Task- er's Selinia, &,c. Richmond Cy. Va. 1754. . (or Eriel,) by American Eclipse, dam Empress by Financier. by Old Tanner, dam by Galloway's Selim, g. dam an [/m/j'd.] Maryland, 1782. ARIETTA, b. m. by Virginian, dam by Sh)'lock. ARION, ch. h. by Polyphemus, dam Leeds, gr. dam by Traveller out of [/m^'dj mare Pocahontas. Spencer Ball. ARISTOTLE, [Imp'd] b. h. by the Cullen Arabian, his dam by Old (Jrab, g. dam by Hobgoblin, Godolphin Arabian, &c, Charles City Cy. Va. I7G4 Hodgkin. — — ^ b. m. by Arismtle, dam an [Imp'd] mare from Lord Cullen's Stud. ARMINDA, by Medley, dam by Bolton, gr. dam Sally Wright by Yorick. 1790. J. Hoomes. ARIMINNA, by Brimmer, dam Peyton Randolph's Lovely Lass, &.C. ARRAKOOKER, Imp'd] br. by Drone, out of a Chatsworth mare, heraam by Engineer — Drone by Herod. Foaled, 1789. Imported by Dr. Tate. 28* 3!li0 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. ARRAKOOKKESS, ch. m. by Arrakooker, dam Young Hope by Dio- mede, &c. ARTLESS, b. m. by a son of [/mp'rf] Bedford, dam a Ratth de Cashe by Terror, he by Janus, &,c. S. Carolina, 1809. Harrison. ASPACIA, gr. m. by Bellair, dam Polly Peachem. 1795. J. Tayloe. ASSIDUOUS, \hy Imp'd] Wonder, dam by American Eagle. ATLAS, b. h. [by Imp''d'\ Ranter, dam [by Imp^d] Lansdale out of an Imported mare. Bait. Cy. 1797. M. Nestor. ATLANTIC, "(bred by T. B. Hill,) by Archy, dam by Phoenix. (Broke down 3'oung.) ATALANTA, ch. f by Old Slouch, dam Brilliant mare. South Carolina, 1791. Wm. Alston. b. m. by Hart's [Tmp'd] Medley, dam Pink by Old Mark An- thony, g. dam by Jolly Roger, &c. 1787. James Blick. by Sir Harry, dam by Melzar son of Medley, &,c. i-by Dictator, dam Duchess by Hero, &.c. • by Lindsay's Arabian, dam Kitty Fisher by Regulus. b. f. by Roanoake, dam Young Minikin, &.c. J. Randolph. ATTALUS, b. c. by Pacotaligo, dam Miss Crawler by Crawler — Melzar, &c. AUGUSTA, [Imp'd'] by Sattram, dam by Wildair—Clockfast -Apollo- Janus — Jolly Roger, &,c. Foaled, 1802. William Rives. AURORA, gr. ni. by Gov. Lloyd's Vintzun, dam Pandora by Grey Dio mede. Thomas Emery. — — b. f. by Aratus, dam Paragon [by Imp''d] Buzzard. [by Imp'd] Honest John, dam Zelippa by Old Messenger — Bay Richmond, (fee. — — ^^ by Oscar, dam Pandora. by Marplot, dam Camilla by Percy. Richard A. Raple}'. AURELIA, [Impy] by Anville, dam Augusta by Eclipse, Herod, Bajazett, &.C. 1800. gr. f by Winter's Arabian, dam Sophy Winn by Blackburn's Whip. AURA, b. f. by Roanoake, dain Amy Robsart. J. Randolph. .AURINE, br. f by Whip, dam Arrakookress. AUTOCRAT, [Imp\q gr. h. sixteen and a half hands high, by Grand Duke, dam Olivetia, (by Sir Oliver,) g. dam Scotini by Delolnni, Scotta by Eclipse, &.c. Grand Duke by Arch Duke out of Hand- maid by John Bull, &.c. Foaled, 1822. B. BABRAHAM, [by Imp'd] Juniper, dam Col. Tasker's [Imp'd] Selima, (fee Philadelphia, 1780. Jacob Hittzheimer. BACCHUS, b. c. by Sir Archy, dam by Rattler, (by Shark,) g. dam by Wildair. Wilkinson. AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 321 BADGER, [Tmp^d] gr. h. by Bosphotus, (a son of Babraham) dam by Black and ail Hlae'k — Flying Childers, &.C. N. Carolina, 1777. Gov. Eden. __ [liy Inip\l\ Badger, dam by Galloway's Selim out of an inip'd mare by Spoi. Maryland, 1806. Benjamin Ogle. BAGDAD, (.'^ee Arabian Bagdad.) BAIIVBRIDGE, ['n/ Imp^d] Dion, dam Campbell's grey mare, bred in Ma- ryland, got by Marcus and her dam by Moscow. (Died at 5 or 6 years old.) BAJAZKTT, [Imp\l]hy tne Godolphin Arabian, dam by Whitefoot— Leedsman — Mooiiah — Barb Mare. 1740. (Little Devil,) by Dare Devil, dam Miss Fauntleroy. 1801. John Tayloe. -(Young.) b. li. by Bajazett, dam a Janus mare, (bred by B. Moore, N. Carolina ) King and Queen, Va 1774. BALD EAGLE, b. c by Spread Eagle, dam Broadnax by Old Janus, &c. J. Breckeniidge. bv American Eclipse, dam Lady Lightfoot. BALLY SHANNON, by Wedding Day, dam Miss Fauntleroy. 1801. J. Tayloe. BALL H0R:;ET, b. by Black and all Black, dam Rosetta by Shylock. BALLESTEROS, (See Arabian Ballesteros.) BANGO SEIB, by Bedford dam, dam of Byron by Archy. R. Benehan. BARONET, [/w);j'J] b. h. by Virtunmus son of Eclipse, his dam Fenulti nia by Snap— Old Cade — Childers, &.c. This horse was imp'd into New- York with I'otSos mare, the gr. dam of Am. Eclipse. BAREFOOT, [Imp'd] was by Tramp, (he by Dick Andrews out of a Go- hanna mare,) dam Rosamond by Buzzard out of Roseberry, sister ol Huby and Tartar by rheiiomenoii out of Miss West by Matchem, &LC. Sold in England for over $12,000. Foaled 1820. [Imp'd\ by Sir Isaac Coffin, 1825-6. BARBARA, b. f by Roanoake, dam Wakefield. BARONESS, b. m. by Potomac, dam by Young Baronet, gr. dam [hy tmp'd\ Bedford, g. g. dam [hyiinp'd] Shark, (fee. BARON BOSTROP, gr. c. by Roanoake, dam Miss Ryland. 132.5. J. Randolph. BARON TRENCK, by Sir Archy, dam by Old Galatin, g. dam [Imp'd] bj Gov. Telfair of Georgia. Wm. Terrell. (Georgia.) BASHAW, b. h. [by Imp'd] Wildair, daniDe Lancey's [Imp^d] Cub mare. New Jersey. Mare, dk. ch. [by Imp^d] Bashaw, Imp'd Jolly Roger, Aris- totle, Merrypintle, &c. dam an Imp'd mare from Lord Cullen's Stud. BAY RICHMOND, [Imp'd] by Feather, dam Matron by the Cullen Ara- bian, Bart'.ett's Childers, &,c. 1769. BAY BOLTON, by Bolton, which was bied by the Earl of North. imoer laud, and owned by Williaui Lightfoot of Charles City Cy. Va. dam [Imp'd] Blossom. BAY COLT, [Imp'd'^ a dk. b. got by Highflyer, dam by Eclipse from Yoing Cade, which was the dam of Vauxhall, alto dam ol Dulcina, &.C. 322 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. (^Imported by Wm. Barksdale.) Manchester, Va. 1797. Jos. Strange. -(Sold by John Baylor,) [hy Imp'd] Tup, dam by Old Shark, g. dam Betsy I'rini^le by Fearnoirght. -Mare, by Bedford, dam by Old Cade, g. dam by Hickman's Indejjendence. J. Broadua. B.\Y YANKEE, by President, dam Cora by Obscurity. BAY BETT, b. m. by Ratler, dam b. m. bred by Isaac Duckett of Mary- land in 1809, got by Dr. Thornton's [Imp^d] horse Clifden, her dam by Richard Hall's Tom by imported Eclipse. Gen. C. Irvine. BAY MARIA, b. f. by American Eclipse, dam Lady Lightfoot, (fee. 1831. BAY DOLL, by Sans Culotte, out of the dam of Spot. J. Randolph. BEAUTYb.f.byRavensw'jod, dam Everlasting. John Randolph. • b. m. by Diomede, dam Virginia, full sister of Desdemona. J. M. Selden. BECCA JOLLY, ch. f. by Sir William, dam by Ragland's Diomede, gr. dam [by Imp''d] Dion. BEDFORD, [Iinp''d] by Dungannon, (he by Eclipse,) dam Fairy by High- flyer, Fairy Queen by Young Cade, &.C. Bowling Green, Va. 1792. John Hoomes. -(Bland's) [by Jinp'd] Bedford, dam Pandora by Bellair. -Mare, [by Iinp''d] Bedford, dam by imported Dare Devil. Foaled, 1810. Greensville, Va. Thomas Spencer. -Mare, (Old) [by Imp''d] Bedford, dam by imp'd Coeur dc Lion — Fortuna by Wildair, &.C. R. K. Meade. b. h. by Consul, dam [by Imp''d] Bedford, Shepherds. BEDLAMITE, b. m. by Cormorant, dam Madcap— Arvil, &.c. 1799. J. Tayloe. ch. c. by Janus, dam by Young Frenzy. J. Randolph. BEGGAR GIRL, by Sir Archy. b. f [by Imp\l'\ Baronet, dam Betsy Bell. BEHEMOTH, (late Hamlet) br. by Bagdad, dam Rosy Clack. BELLAIR, gr. h. by Old Medley, dam Selima by Yorick. J. Tayloe. (Cooke's) gr. h. by Bellair, dam by Independence cut of a Virginia mare, &,c. BELLARIA, by Bellair, dam Sweetest. 1796. J. Tayloe. by Bellair, dam Narcissa by Wildair. 1797. Tyler. BELLISSIMA, b. f by Melzar, dam by Old W^ildair, Fluvia, &.c. 1807. J. Tayloe. BELINDA, b. m. by Escape (Alias Horn's) dam by Bedford. BELLONA, by Bellair, dam Indian Queen [by Iinij''d'\ Pilgrim. BELLVILLE, by Bellair, dam Indian Queen [6y Imp''d'\ Pilgrim. BELMONT, by Tanner, dam by Selim out of an [Imp\l] mare. BiiLVIDERA, b. c. by Symme's Wildair, dam [by ImpH] Clockfast, gr dam by Old Yorick, ifec. B'-unswick Cy. Va. 1798. Flartvvell Tucker. «.«ERICAN STUD BOOK. 323 BELVIDERA, b. f. bvRnanoake, dam Archy Minikin. John Ranflolph. BEN COOPER, gr. c. by Messenger, dam Temptation by Heath's ('hilders ]8f«. LJENYOWSKI, b. li. liy Aniericus, (by Diomede) dam [/m/)'i/] Anvelina. 1802. John Tayloe. BERGAMOT, [fmp'il] got by Highflyer, dam Orange Girl by Maicliem— Red Rose by Ijabraham — Blaze— Fox, &lc. Charles City V,v- Va. 1737. Win. Lightfoot. BER.NADOTTE, (J C'ln,! flower) by Ball's Florizelle, dam [by Imp\l] Bed- ford, g. dam by Quicksilver — Victorious, &c. BERTIkAND, b. h. by Sir Aichy, dam Eliza [by Iinp^d] Bedford, g. dam Mambrino. JiMOR, ch. by Bertrand, dam Transport. South Carolina, 1827. J. B. Richardson. BET BOUNCE, b. f. by Sir Harry, dam Atalanta by Old Medley, &c. F'oaled, 1825. BETTY, ch. f. by Contention, dam Flora by Ball's Florizelle. Lou4on, Va. J. Lewis. BETSY ARCHER, by Old Sir Archy, dam Weazle. E. Irby. Andrews, ch. by Sir Archy, dam by Jack Andy Imp\l] Shark, dam by Romulus, — St. George, Haynnes' Old Poll by Fearnought. b. in. by Florizelle, dam Tartar mare by Old Fearnought, (tc- Bi.ossoM, dk. b. by Superior, (by Old Superior,) dam by Thornton's Wildair out of a Dare Devil mare, Bell, b. f by Mr. McCarthy's Cub, dam Temptation. — H.4XALL, (See Roxana.) -Hunt, br. m. by Sir Hal, dam by Dion— -Quickstep- — Shark Wildair— -Clockfast, &c. Madison, ch. f by Madison, dam Maria by Archy. -Pearson, ch. by Tom Tough, dam [by Imp^d] Diomede. Wm. D. Taylor. Pringle, by Old Fearnought, dam [Imp^d'] Jenny Dismal. Ransom, gr. m. by Virginian, demi Old Favourite by Beliair. -Robinson, b. f by Thaddeus, dam Maria by Sir Archy- [Imp^d] Sir Harry — Dare Devil, &c. -RoBBiNs, ch. f. by Kosciusko, dam by Hephestion, g. dam Arion, g. g. dam by Romulus. by South Carolina, 1806. B. F. Taylor. RtFFiN, ch. in. by Virginian, dam by Irby's Shylock, g. dam Lady Burton. Sai'nders, gr. f. by Stockholder, dam by Pacolet. .Tavlor, ch. m. by First Consul, dam [by Imp\l'] Obscurity. I hiladelphia Cy. -Wilson, by Ratray, dam by Oscar. 1827. Col. Emery. -VViLKS, b. m. by Sir Archy, dam by Bedford, g. dam by Dare Devil, g. g. dam by Lamplight.er, &.C. BIG BEN, [by Imp'd] Bedford, dam I'andora by Beliair. See Phenomenon, also Charlemont or Sirange's Travellei. BLACK MARIA, by American Eclipse, dam Lady Lightfoot. 1826. J. C. Stephens. by Shark, dam by Clockfast, g. dam Maria by Begulus, &-o 1804. ' Tayloe. 324 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. BLACK MERINO, by Vintzun, dam by Comet, g. dam by Don Oarlos-~ Old Figure, &,c. BLACK GHOST, [hy rmp'cT] Oscar, dam Pill Box by .mp'd Pantaloon — Melpomene, SLc. Dr. A. Dixon, (Va.) '■ by Oscar, dam Melpomone, &,c. BLACK EYED SUSAN, by Sir Archy, dam [by Imp'd] Druid, g. dam by iiiip'd Saltram. 1812. C. Harrison. • by Potomac, dam by Galatin — by Diomede, &.C. 1819. Stephen Hester. BLACK AND ALL BLACK, by Madison, dam Virago by Whip. [by Imp'd] Brunswick, dam by Ariel, g. dam Brent's Ebony, e. g. dam imp'd Selima. Pennsylvania, 1780. Elihu Hall. . [Imp'd.] (See Othello.) BLAKEFORD, ch. c. by Gov. Wright's Silver Heels, dam Selima by Top- gallant — Gabriel — Chatam, &.c. Maryland. Robert W«ght, Jun. BLACK JACK, b. c. by Carolinian, dam by Miner's Escape, (or Horn's.) BLACK ROSE, bl. m. by Stockholder, (by Sir Archy,) dam by Hamilto- nian, [by Imp''d Diomede,] g. dam by Columbus, (by imp'd Panta- loon) oirt of Ladv Northumberland, &c. Frederick Cy. Va. 1826. D. H. Allen. BLAZE, [Imp'd] by Vandall, (by Spectator,) dam the sister of Chrysolite by Truncheon — Regulus — Partner, &,c. York, Va. 1796. Hugh Nelson. ■ br. c. by Roanoake, dam Miss Peyton. J. Randolph. BLAZELLA, [by Imp^d] Blaze, dam Jenny Cameron. BLACK PRINCE, by Don Carlos, (he by Figure) dam by Figure, g. dam by Dove— Othello, &c. Maryland, 1783. by Marion, dam Lady Burton, &.C. 1827. BLACK WARRIOR, [by Imp'd] Merryfield. by Black Warrior. BLA(/'K TOM, by Tom Jones, dam an imp'd mare. BLEMISH, b. m. by Gracchus, dam imp'd Duchess. 1819. H. Burwell. BLOSSOM, [Imp'd] by Old Sloe, her dam hy Regulus the sire of Fear- nought, &.C. Thomas Nelsou, (Va.) Imp'd] dap. gr. by Bordeaux, dam by Highflyer, g. dam by Eclipse out of Vauxhall's dam by Young Cade, &,c. Pennsylvania. John Mayo. BLUE SKIN, b. c. by Roanoake, dam Miss Ryland, &.C. J. Randolph. Mare, by Baylor's Fearnought, dam an imp'd mare. BLUE RUIN, by Gracchus, dam Duetta, &c. BLUSTER, [Imp'd'\ by Orlando, (son of Whiskey,) out of a Highflyer mare sister to Escape by Pegasus, her dam by Squirrel, &c. Petersburgh, Va. James Dunlop. BOASTER, [Imp'd] b. h. by Dungannon, dam by Justice, Mariame by Squirrel— -Miss Meredith by Cade, dec. Foaled, 1795. Walter Bell. BOLIVAR, by Sir Hal, dam by Old Diomede — Wildair— Apollo, &c. AMERICAN STUD BOOK. BUS BOLIVAR, gr. h. by Oscar, (by Wonder,) dam by Pacolet, Truxton, &c. by Sir Robert Wilson, dam Darning Needle. b. h. by Ratler, dam by Sir Solomon. 1826. Wright. BOLTON, [Imp'd] b. by Shock, owned by Mr. Lightfoot of Charles Ci«f Va. Foaled, 17.52. Mahk, ch. by Bolton, dam Sally Wright by Yorick. Foaled, 1776. John Hoomes. BOMPARD, [by Imp^d] Obscurity, dam by Pillgarlic, g. dam by Imp'd Jack of Diamonds, &,c. BONNETS O'BLUE, gr. f by Sir Charles, dam Reality by Sir Archy. Wm. R. Johnson. BONNY BLACK, b. f. by Bagdad, dam Fancy. Tennessee. D. W. Sumner. BONNY LASS, (L. Hardimans,) by Jolly Roger, dam [Imp'd] Bonny Lass. [/mjsV] by Bay Bolton. BONAPARTE, b. by Col. Tayloe's Grey Diomede, dam by Matchem, g. dam by Marius — Silver Heels, &,c. Maryland. Sam. Norwood. BOREAS, b. c. by McCarthy's cub, dam Shrewsbury Nan, by Bajazet, '(/] Dion — Highflyer — Apollo— Old Jolly Roger, &,c. Halifax, Va. 1806. J. Sims. DIOMEDE, [Iinp''d] ch. h. by Florizelle, dam by Spectator, g. dam sister to Horatio by Blank — Flying Childers — Miss Belvoir by Grey Gran- tham — Paget's Turk — Betsy Percival by Leed's Arabian. (Died in 1807, 30 years old.) (Batt's,) [by Imp''d] Diomede, dam Mulga by Wildair. Eagle, br. c. [by Imp''d'] Eagle, dam Chesnut Mare by Dio- mede, gr. dam by Alderman — Wildair, (fee. 1814. J. Wickham. ■ (Thornton's,) by Ball's Florizelle, dam [by Irnp''d'\ Whip, gr. dam by Topgallant, &c. — r- Thornton. Mare, b. [by Imp''d] Diomede, dam by Gimcrack, (alias Ran- dolph's Roan.) Buckingham Cy. Va. 1815. Edw. Curd. -Mare, b. by Ragland's Diomede — [ImpH] Dron — Imp'd High- flyer — Apollo, (fee. 1816. J. Sims. Grey. (See Grey Diomede.) -b. m. [by Imp''d] Diomede — Darlington — Old Medley — Clock fast, ifec. — thorough bred mare by Imp'd Justice, (fee. Jas. Gowan. (Second,) gr. [by Jmp''d] Diomede, dam by Imp'd Clockfkst —Old Partner— Old Regulus, &,c. Cumberland Cy. Va. Wm. Randolph. DIOMEDA, [by Lup^d] Diomede, dam Imp'd Janette. DIOMEDIAN, by Am. h. Saltram, (son of [/m/rf] Diomede,) dam by Hen- drick's Celer, (son of Old Celer. ) DIRECTOR, ch. by Sir Archy, dam Meretrix by Magog. Young. (See Young Director.) DIRECTRESS, ch. m. by Director, dam by Old Potomac, g. dam by Gim- crack, (fee. 1822. Jackson. DOGTO , b. c. by Pacotaligo, dam Virginia, (Coquette.) 1819. J. Ferguson. DOLLY FINE, by Old Silver Eye, nam [by Imp'd] Badger— Forester, &c. AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 337 DOLLY PATMAN, ch. by Sir Alfred, dam by Tom Tough, g. dam DJ Kellis by Dandridge's Fearnought. nOLLA BELLA, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Bay Doll. 1825. J. Randolph. DON CARLO.S, [by Imp'd] Valentine, dam Fenella by Silver Heels. b. h. [by Imp''d] Figure, dam Primrose by Dove. 1780. Dr. Hamilton. DON JUAN, ch. c. by Timoleon, dam Rosemary [by Imp''d] Diomede. by Rattler, dam by Oscar, g. dam by Medley. Dr. Thornton. DONGOLAH, by Mark Anthony, dam Nancy Bell by Fearnought, g. dam Miss Bell! DOMINICA, gr. h. [by Tmp^d] Dove — Regulus — American horse Othello — thorough bred Imp'd mare. DORA, b. f. by Kosciusko, dam Josephine. 1825. John S. Moore. DORACLES, [by Imp'd] Shark, dam by Clockfast. DOTTRELL, [imp''d] g. fifteen and a half hands high, got by Changelii'ig, his dam by a son of Wymi's Arabian. Foaled, 1750. Westmoreland Cy. Va. 1766. Philip L. Lee. DOUBTLES.S, by Fitz Diomede, (son of Diomede,) dam by Picture, g. dam by Sweet Surry by Spa(lille. G. P. Tayloe. DOUBTFUL, b. f by Spread Eagle, dam Medley mare. John Hoomes. DOVE, [Imp''d] gr. by Young Cade, dam by Teazer out of a Gardiner mare, &c. 1762. Dr. Hamilton. DOUCE DAVIE, b. c. by Roanoake, dam Cornelia. 1825. J. Randolph. DRAGON, [Tmp'd^ by Woodpecker, dam Juno by Spectator, Horatio by Blank,— Childers— Miss Belvoir, &c. Died 1812, aged 25 years. John Hoomes. [by Imp'd] Dragon — Truxton — Barry's Grey Medlev — Stern — Pill!;arlic, itc. DREADNOUGHT, ch. c. [by Imp^d] Expedition, dam Tulip. Thos. M. Forman. DRIVER, [Imp'd^ b. h. by Driver, dam by Lord Ossary's Dorremont, g. dam bv Old King Herod — Sliephard's Crab — Miss Meiedith bj Cade. Foaled, 1794. Washington City. Dr. W. Thornton. DRUID, [Imp'd] ch. near sixteen hands high by PmSos, (son of Eclipse,; his dam IVIaid of the Oaks by king Herod — Matchem — Snap — Ro gulus, itc. Foaled, 1790. CISOO) John Hoomes. DUETTA, by Silver Tail, dam Vanity by Celer. DUBIOUS, b. c. by Bertrand, dam Darning Needle, &c. 1829. DUNGANNON, [Imp\r\ b. h. by Dungannon, dam by Conductor — Fhjt bv S(juirrel — Helen by Blank — Crab out of Old Partner's sister. 179J. J. Tayloe by Bedford, dam by Coeur de Lion, g. dam by Medle}'. 1803. DUFF GREEN, (Cage's Colt) ir. gr. by Pacolet, dam by Royalist, gr. dam bv Bompard, (son of Obscuritv,) Piligarlic, &c. DUKE OF BEDFORD, [hy Imp'd] Bedford, dam I'ilot by Quicksilver DUKE OF Ll.MBS, (Experiment) Ijy Highflyer. J. Hoome? 338 A.MERICAN STUD BOOK. DUKE CHARLES, ch. c. by Kosciusko, dam by Financier. J. J. Harrison. DUROC, ch. h. [hy Imp''d1 Diomede, dam Amanda by Grey Diomede, &c. Died 1826. Powliatan Cy. Va. 1810. Wade Mosby. b. h. by Old Duroc, dam by Florizelle — Gabriel — Bedford, &c. DUTCHESS, [Imp'd] b. m. bred by the Duke of Grafton, got by Grouse son of Highflyer out of Georgiana, own sister to Conductor by Matchem — Babrahani — Partner, &,c. 1801. John Randolph. by Bedford, dam Thresher [by Imp'd] Shark — Twigg, &,c. R. R. Johnson. by Hero, dam by Brutus, g. dam by Tarquin — Old Prince, &.C. Rich. Rapley. DUMPLING, ch. f by Gracchus, dam Everlasting. 1818. John Randolph. DUTIFUL, ch. f by Sumpter, dam Miss Haggin. E. Warfield. . E. EAGLE, [/m/'V] b. sixteen hands high, got by Volunteer (a son of Eclipse) out of a Highflyer mare, her dam by Engineer — Cade — Lass of the Mill by Traveller — Miss Matchless — Partner — Woodcock, (fee. Foaled, 1796. Whitby, Va. 1812. S. S. Saunders. _ b. h. [by Imp''d] Eagle, dam Iris by Imp'd Sterling. J. Lewis. br. b. by Spread Eagle, d'rf] 1794 by Helen for Ringgold & Co. ch. s. [by Imp\l] Diomede, dam by Iinp'd Shark — Harris' Eclipse — Fearnought— Old Jolly Roger. Broad Rock, Va. 1806. Wm. Ball. -gr. c. by Grey Diomede, dam Louisa by Eclipse. Foaled, 1795. J. Tayloe. -(Graves') by Old Florizelle, dam by Old Spread Eagle, gr. dam by Boxer, g. g. dam by Eclipse — Fearnought, &c. Young. (See Young Florizelle.) John M. Burton. -Mare, ch. by Ball's Florizelle, dam [by Imp^d] Cripple- Wonder— Old Bedford, &c. J. Selden. FLORIZELLA, br. f. [by Imp'd] Florizelle, dam Betsy Bell. Foaled, 1802. Thos. M. Forman. (or Grey Tail) by Ball's Florizelle, dam (Dr. Cutler's race mare) by Wildair, g. dam by Apollo — Eclipse — Mark Anthony — [I?np''d] Partner, &c. by Florizelle, dam Black Eyed Susan by Potomac. Georgia. Jos. Hester. FLORA, by Roanoake, dam [/«/>''(/] b. h. five and a quarter feet high, by Sir Peter Teazle, his dam the famous yellow mare by Tandem, g. dam Perdila, by Herod, Fair Forester by Sloe — Forester — Partner — Croft's bay Barb — Makeless — Brimmer, &,c. Foaled, 1796. Wm. Rives. GRACE, b. f by Roanoake, dam Wildfire. 1822. John Randolph. GRACCHUS, ch. h. by Diomede, dam Cornelia by Chanticleer, &c. 1806. John Randolph. Mare, by Gracchus — [Imp'd] horse Dion — imp'd Highflyer — Apollo, &c. Halifax, Va. 1818. John Sims. GRACE, b. m. by Ravenswood, dam Old Everlasting by Sans Culotte. 1822. J. Randolph. GRAND DUTCHESS, ch. m. by Gracchus, dam [Imp'd] Dutchess. J. Randolph. GREENSVILLE, g. f by Bedford, dam Arminda by Medley. Sold J. Jones, 1803. J. Hoomes. (JRECIAN PRINCESS, b. m. by Virginian, her dam Calypso by Bellair, g dam Irby's Dare Devil mare, &,c. 1824. G. W. Jeffriesp AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 347 GREGORY, ch. hy Giacclius, dam Red Eye, g. dam by Sarpedoii, g. 5. dam by Traveller. GRENADIER, b. ii. by Wilkes (who was by Old Figure,) dam by bebm— Bri'ania, itc. Petersburg, 1782. Thomas Eainn. GREY MARE, by Slouch, [liy Imp\l] Medley out of a full bred tnare. N. B. The dam of the gr. m. was sold by W. A. Lee to Doctor Ir- vine. GREY ARCHY, by Old Sir Archy, dam by Grey Medley, (son of [/m/jVJ Medley,) g. dam by imp'd Messenger, &c. Tennessee, 1810. B. Philips. GREY DOLL, by Spot, (before he was castrated,) dam by Stirling (son of Volunteer) Duetla by Silver Tail. John Randolph. !\Ieplf.y, (Barry's) by Old Medley, dam by Black and Al" Black, g. dam by Bay Bolton — Old Partner, &c. N. Carolina. George Williams. ■Alfred, by Lindsay's Arabian, dam [hy /;«/*'(/] Tom Jones. -DioMEDE, gr. h. [by Inp^d] Diomede, dam by J'lag of Truce Brimmer — Silver Eye, &c. 1808. Barksdale. -Diomede, or Enterprise, [by Imp^d] Medley, dam by Sloe, f dam by Vampire, &,c. Sold to J. Tayloe, 1 793. Richard Brooke. Be.\rd, by Kosciusko, dam [Imp^d] Psyche. R. Singleton. Badger, by Eden's [Imp''d] Badger, dam by imp'd Selim. Benjamin Ogla, Childers, by Medley, dam by Partner. Thomas Eaton. Orphan, by Orphan, (he by Ball's Florizelle,) dam by Imp'fi Diomede, dam of Grey Orphan, Mary Grey. John Gist. GREYHOUND, gr. [by Imp'd] Spread Eagle, dam Pandora by imp'd Med ley, &,c. 1806. H. T. Thornton. GUNNILDA, [Imp''d] got by Star, by Regulus, by the Godolphin Arabian GULNARE, gr. f by Duroc, dam Sportmistress. Queens Cy. N. Y. 1824. Thomas Pearsall. H. H.\CKABOUT, [Imp'd] got by Eclipse, dam by Cyphon and sister to Tan- dem, g. dam sister to Apollo by Regulus — Snip, &,c. Foaled 1794. Imp'd 1798. John Hoonies. HAIL STORM, b. h. [hy Imp'd] Pantaloon, dam Wingyfeet by Jolly Ro ger, g. (iam Melpomone by Burwell's Traveller, &c. Charles Citv, 1802. Fr. H. Dancey. HALF PONE, by Rattler, dam Maid of Patuxent by Magie, g. dam Kitty Fox, by a son of imp'd Venetian. H. G. S. Key. HALL'S UNION, (See Union Hall's.) HAMBLETON, or Hamilton, [Imp'd] br. b. si.xteen hands high by Dun gannon, his dam by Snap, gr. dam by Blank, Partner, Greyhcund, &c. Foaled, 1791. Wm. Lighlfoot. HAMILTONIAN, or Hamlintonian, ch. 11. by Diomede, dam by Shark, g. dam by Spot by Apollo. 1801. J. TaKio*. 348 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. HAMLET> b. c. bv Maryland Eclipse, dam Forest Maid. Laurenceville, Va. 1830. R. K. Meade sor. (ch.') h. by Hall's Eclipse, dam Shepherdess by Chatam, (fcc. J. H. Harrison. H-\NOVER, by Bussora, dam by Sir Archy, &c. HANNIBAL, by Sir William, dam Sally Currie. 1828. J. W. Jeffries. HANNAH, b. m. by Moore's Archy, dam by Buchanan's Medley — Old Celer — Hector, &c. HANDEL, by Coode's Herod, (he by Diomede,) dam by Thornton's Wil- dair — Bellair — Symmes' Wildair, &;c. H. D. HAPHAZARD, bv Collector, dam by Fearnought— Spadilla, &c. 1805. J. Tavloe. HARDINL\ BURNLEY, bl. m. by Old Roebuck, dam by Old Bedford— Bellair, &c. W. D. Taylor. HARMONY, [hy Imp'd] Figure, dam Stella, (the dam of Primrose and Thistle) by imp'd Dove. Hamilton. b. m. by Cragg's Sweeper, dam [by Imp^d] Dove, g. dam Se- liina by Othello, &c. 1784. Walter Bowie. HARVEY BIRCH, by Richmond, dam by Sir Alfred. HARLEQUIN, ch. h. by Gabriel, dam by Venetian— True Whig— Cub, &.C. HARPER, by Grey Diomede, dam Polly Peachem. 1799. J. Tayloe. HARRIET, b. f. by Bedford, dam Proserpine. 1804. J. Hoomes. HARWOOD, by Archy, dam Asmoplede by Diomede. A. J. Davie. HAUTBOY, gr. c. by Gallatin, dam Sappho by Tartar. 1815. HAVMAKER, dk. ch. s. h. [by Imp'd] Clifden, dam Harlot by Hall's Eclipse, &c. Ajbany, 1829. C. M. Bennett. N. B. This horse was bred by Col. Lyles of Maryland. HAVOC, c. c. by Sir Charles, dam by Alfred. Corbin. HAZARD, ch. c. by Tinioleon, dam [by /mju'rf] Royalist, g. dam by Dio- mede, &c. Tennessee, 1829. John Swinnev. HEDGFORD, [Imp'd] br. by Filho da Puta, dam Miss Cragie by Orville, g. dam by Lurcher — Phenomenon, &,c. Filho da Puta by Haphaz- ard — Wsxey — Woodpecker — Squirrel, &,c. Foalco, 1826. Imp'd 1832. Wm. Jackson. HEATH'S CHILDERS, (See Childers Heath's.; HEBE, b. f. by Florizelle, dam Tartar mare, &c. 1 794. Dandy Griggs. b. f. by Dare Devil, dam Yarico by Medley. 1796. J. Hoomes. HELEN, b. m. [by Imp'd] Medley, dam Diana by Specimen. J. Foster. HEARTWELL, b. m. by Sir Archy, dam by Planter, (which was raisea by Collier Harrison of Va. sired by Pantaloon.) g. dam by Sultan- Sweeper, &.C. H. &. H. S. Wilkinson, AMERICAN STUD BOOK. ^40 HENRY, ch. h. by Sir Archy, dam out of Bcllona by Bellair. II. a ch. h. by Heniy, dam (the dain of Sir Lovell) [by Imp'd' Light Infantry — Imp'd Messenger, &,c. Cambridge, N. Y. Edw. Long. HENRIETTA, br. m. by Sir Hal, dam Lady Burton. 1822. J. W. Eppes. b. f. by Henry, dam Agnes. Bait. 1827. Philip Wallis. gr. m. by Sir Archy, dam Forlorn Hope. Henry Macklin. HEPHESTION, red s. h. by Buzzard, dam Castianira. (Sold for $1400.) 1809. J. Taykie. HEROD, [Imp'd] gr. h. by Young Herod, son of Old Herod out of Lord Clermont's Stud, a daughter of Conductor. 1790. J. Hoomes. HIAZIiVI, ch. 0. by Sir Archy, dam Jenny by Archduke. HICKORY, ch. h. by Gracchus, dam Everlasting. John Randolph. br. h. [6y Imp'd] Whip, dam Dido by imp'd Dare Devil, g dam by Symmes' Wildair, &c. B. Badger. HIGHFLYER, [Imp'd] br. by Tattersall's Highflyer, his dam by Cyphon out of Young Cade's sister — Old Cade — Partner — Makeless — Brim- mer, &,c. Foaled, 1784. (South River.) J. Craggs. br. b. h. by Wildair, dam by Yorick, g. dam by Fitzhugh's Regulus, &c. Albemarle Cy. Va. 1802. David Clarkson. -ch. c. by Marplot, dam Brilliant mare. 1795. S.Carolina. William Alston. -[by Imp'd] Sir Harry, dam imp'd Pamona. Hanover, Va. 1815. Daniel Wade, Jun. HIGHFLYER MARE, [by Imp'd] Highflyer— Apollo— Imp'd Jolly Ro- ger, &LC. 1790. Halifax, Va. John Sims. HIGHLANDER, [Imp'd] gr. by Bordeaux, his dam (Teetotum) by Match- em, g. Ham Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel, — g. g. dam Cypron, the dam of King Herod, &c. bred by Mr. Douglass in England. Foaled, 1783. b. by Shark, dam Young Selima by Fearnought. 1 796. Richard Brooke. HIPPONA, b. m. by Virginian, dam by Rockingham, (by Florizelle,) g dam by Magog by Chanticleer. S. Carolina. P. M. Butler. b. f. by Roanoake, dam Grand Dutchess. 1822. J. Randolph. HIPPONA, [Imp'd}^ b. f by Sir Peter, dam by Woodpecker, g. dam by Sweetbrier out of Buzzard, dam by Dux, &c. Foaled, 1802. Gen. McPherson. HOMESl^UN, by Romulus, dam Venus by Hero, g. dam Ttipsey by Fear- nought. HONEST JOHN, [Imp'd] br. b. by Sir Peter Teazle, dam by Magiwt— Le Sang— Rib — Mother Western by (Smith's) Son of Snake, &c. Imp'd 1794. Milton, New Jersey, 1806. — *— » by Old Messenger, dam Maria Slamerkin. 350 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. HONEST JOHN, by Tuckaboe, dam Cheboangti [by Imp'd] Arab. Bordentown, N. J. 1826. James Davidson HONESTY, [by Jmp''d'\ Expedition, dam by imp'd Messenger, g. dam by imp'd Bay Richmond, &,c. J. H. Vanmeter. HONEY COMB, [by Imp'd] Jack Andrews, dam Pill Box by Pantaloon. Dr. A. T. Dixon. HOPE, [/m/>'d] by Volunteer, imp'd by Dr. Tate of Philadelphia. Young, by Diomede, dam Arakookress. [by Imp''d] Shark, dam by imp'd Fearnought, g. dam by imp'd Monkey, &c. 1788. HOPPER BOY, g. [by Imp'd] Messenger, dam the imp'd PotSos marc, &c. HORN'S, [Imp'd] (See Escape.) HORNET, by Diomede, dam Cade's Primrose by Dove, Cade, &c. gr. c. by Bellair, dam by Celer, g. dam by Janus, &c. HOTSPUR, by Tinioleon, dam by Sir Archy, g. dam by Old Wildair. Christians. HUNTRESS, ch. m. by Cherokee, dam [by Imp'd] Buzzard, &.c. Kentucky. HUGO, ch. c. by Sir Charles, dam [by Imp'd] Chance, g. dam Celia by Symmes' Wildair — Lady Bolingbroke, &lc. Richard Adams. HURRY'EM, [by Imp'd] Precipitate, dam Dixon's Pill Box. Messrs. Minges. HYDER ALLY, dap. gr. by Lindsay's Arabian, dam by Othello — g. dam (an imp'd mare from the Duke of Hamilton's stud) by Spot. Foaled, 1782. Dr. Marshall. HYENA, br. m. by Young Wonder, (full brother of Nell Saunders) out of Rosy Clack, &c. 1820. HYPERION, by Diomede, dam Patsy Walthall by Medley, &c. I. IDIORA, b. m. [by Imp'd] Citizen, dam by imp'd Sea Gull, gr. dam by Huntsman — Old Janus, &,c. Foaled, 1810. Charles Shields. INAUGURAL, b. c. by Arab, dam Jenny by Archduke. 1829. J. C. Goode. INDEPENDENCE, [by Imp'd] Fearnought, dam Dolly Fine, by Old Silver Eye, &.c. Col. Hickman. ch. f by Pacolet, dam Fancy. Tennessee. J. Sumner, -by Old Potomac— [/»!;>'ij St. Paul — Imp'd Old Diomede — Mead's Old Pilgrim, &.C. INDUSTRY, br. b. by Sir Archy' dam Dixon. INDIAN QUEEN, by Pilgrim dam, dam of Belleville, and g. dam of Sir William. W. Wilkins. INDIAN HEN, by Othello, dam by Lloyd's Traveller, g. dam by Figure, g. g. dam was imp'd by Mr. Crow of Philadelphia, and was fuil sister to Irish Grey, &.c. Daffin. INDIANA, br. m. by Flonzelle, dam by Thornton's Medley, g. dam b> Cragg's Highflyer — Hall Union, &c. Messrs. Tayloe. AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 351 INVALID, [Imp''d] by Whisker, dam Hamiltonian, g. dam Susan out o< Drowsy by Drone, &c. Craig & Corbin IRIS, ch. f. by Marplot, dam Nancy Dawson, «tc. 1795. by Punch, dam Beane's Maria. ' gr f. by Sir Archy dam. Wynne. gr. f. {hy Imp^d] Sterling, dam by Imp'd Coeur de Lion, g. dam Mead's Oracle. Loudon, Va. 1830. J. Lewis, -ch. f. by Sir William, dam Shepherdess. 1828. Rich. Adams. by Young Baronet, dam by Post Boy (of Kentucity,) out of a Snap mare, &lc. Rich. Higgins. IRVINA, by Virginian, dam Pandora by Bellair, &,c. ISABELLA, [Imp^d] dk. br. f. by Trumpeter, dam Demirip, sister to No- ble, '(/] Molly I'acolet, &.C. KiLAND, b. m. by Doublehead, (he [by Irnp^d] Diomede,) out of Polly Medley— Mark Anthony, &c. WiNDFLowER, ch. ui. by Bcmadotte, dam Kate Cole. -CocKRACV, ch. in. by Potomac, dam [by Imp''d] Saltram — Imp'd Wildair — Driver — Fearnought, &,c. 1814. Kentucky. E. Warfield. JERRY, dap. gr. by I'acolet, dam by Topgallant, g. dam by Grey Medley, &c. Col. Elliott. JESSICA, b. m. by Shylock, dam [by linp''d] Young Sir Peter Teazle, g. dam Castianira, (dam of Sir Archy.) Rich. AdaniE. JEZEBEL, ch. f by Bedford, dam Miss Chance, &c. Messrs. Tayloes. JESSAMINE, bx. f. by Dockon, dam Virginia, (Coquette.) 1324. J. Ferguson. JET, bl. f by Bluster, dam Statira. 1820. J. Randolph JEWESS, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Jessica JIM CRACK. (See Gim Crack.) AMERICAN STOD BOOK 353 JILT, gr. f by Ajax, dam Nancy Dawson. 1791. JIM CARR, br. f. by Forester, dam Forest Maid. 1831. Rich. 1. Meade. JOAN, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Grey Doll. J. Randolph. JOHN BROWN, ch. by Sir Charles, dam Sally Brown. JOLE.Y FRIAR, by Garrick, dam descended from Gilinour's Milk Maid, &c. JOHN BULL, [Imp^d] ch. by Fortitude, dam Xantippeby Eclipse, g. dam Grecian Princess by Forester, &,c. b. m. by Gabriel, dam Active by Chatam, cfcc. N. B. — She was called John Bull by Gov. Wright, from his having exchanged a bull for her with Col. Lyles of Md. JOHN DISMAL, ch. by Sober John, dam Jenny Dismal. Richards, b. k. by Sir Archy, dam by Rattler, (by Shark,) g. dam [by Im.p^d] Medley — Wildair — Nonpareil, &,c. -Hancock, b. c. by Roanoake, dam Roanoka by Florizelle. 1823. John Randolph. -Stanley, b. h. by Sir Hal, dam Ariadne [by Imp''d\ Citizen, (fcc. Foaled, 1818. Pennsylvania. Edw. Parker OF RoANO.'VKE, b. h. by Roanoake, dam Grand Dutchess. Randolph, b. c. by Rinaldo, dam Portia, &c. 1809. -W, b. c. by Roanoake, dam Young Frenzy. 1825. J. Randolph. JOLLY AIR, by Old Wildair, dam [hy Tmp^d] Flimnap — Brimmer — Inip'd Valiant, &,c. J. J. Harrison. JOLLY ROGER, [Tjnp'd] ch. called in England Roger of the Vale, got by Roundhead, (who was by Flying Childers,) the dam of Jolly Ro- ger got by Partner, his gr. dam by Woodcock — Croft's Bay Barb — Makeless, &c. Foaled, 1741. Imp'd about 1748. [Imp^d] b. c. by the Gower Stallion, Miss Harvey by Car- touch — Sophia by Godolphin Arabian. 1769. by Jolly Roger, dam by Dabster, g. dam Mary Grey. Prince Geo. County, Va. 1777. Edm. Ruffin, Jun. JONAH, [/ffyj'c/] b. h. by Escape, dam Lavinia by Herod — Snap — Cade- Bloody Buttocks — Partner — Makeless, &c. 1796. Bush. JOSEPHINE, b. m. by Peace Maker, dam a full bred Diomede mare, j Jolly Roger, «fc.c. 1300. Andrew \\ood,ey. LIliERTY, bv Sharp's Olliello, dam by George's Juniper. Marvland. Charles B'.dglev. . . —by Binwell's Emperor, dam by Zane's Ranger, g. da-.ji by Mark Anthony, &,c. -|79Jj. Jolm Browidy. JGIIT INFANTRY, [//«//(/] by Eclipse, dam by Feather, g. (lam l>y C'hilders, g. g. dam Widdrington mare, she by Old Partner. [JNDSAY'S ARABIAN. (See Arabian Lindsay's ) LINNET, by Trafalgar, dam Humming Bird i)y Tom Tough. Messrs. Corbins. LIONELLA, b. m. by Coeiir de Lion out of the dam of Cinderella. LITTLE DAVID, [% Impd'] Childers, dam Jenny Cameron. J. Tayloe. Billy, by Florizelle, dam by Celer. W. R. Johnson. JiNiPEH. (See Juniper Little.) James, full brother to Garrick by Celer. -Medley, [by Imp^J'] Medley, dam Kitty Fisher by Lindsay's Ara- bian. LIVELY, b. m. by American Eclipse, dam Haynes' Maria [by I?np''d] Dio- niede, g. dam Lively by Lively — Wild Goose by Selim, &.C. New Jersey. Henry De Groot. LOCHINVAR, b. c. by Oscar, dam Virago by Shark. 1810. J- Tayloe. LONSDALE, by Jolly Roger, dam a bay mare Imp'd., she by Monkey— Lonsdale's Bay Arabian, &c. John Byrd. gr. h. by Page's Young Medley, dam Marianna by Telema- chus, &c. 1R24. F. B. Whiting. LORENZO, by Telemachus, dam by Raymond. LOGAN, a Mahogany bay, by Sir A rchy, out of ?he dam of Lafayette bj Virginian. LOGANIA, [by Imp'd] Medley, dam by Fearnought. LOTTERY, oh. f by Bedford, dam Anvelina. 1803. LOUISA, b. m. by Eclipse, dam Vanity by Celer — Mark Anthony — Silver Eye, (fcc. 1 789. J- Tayloe. LOUISIANA, b. f by Old Rattler, dam Desdemona. 1829. E. G. W. Butler. LOVELY LASS, b. f. by Timoleon, dam Lady Alfred by Old Sir Avchy 1832. LOVE LACE, by Flying Childers out of an Imp'd mare by Bosphorus. LUBLY ROSA, b. f by Sir Archy, dam Equa. 1830. P- Wallis LUCIFER, [by Imp'd] Dare Devil, dam by Bellair— Imp'd Medley— Lims- dale, (fcc. LUCY, by Young Sir Alfred, dam Nancy by Florizelle. vV. Coles. LocKETT, b. f by Roanoake, dam young Minikin. 1823. J- Randolph. LocKETT, by Bellair, dam Old Selima by Morton's Traveller — Ollie/ lo, &.C. 300 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. T.UCY G WYNN, b. m. by Sir Charles, dam by SirHarry— Bedfonf— Da» Devil— Wildair, &c. Messrs. Tayloes. Grey, b. f. by Washington, dam Betsy Hunter. Norfolii, 1820. E. Townes. LUDEE, ^r. f. by Old Slouch, dam Nancy Dawson. 1798. LURCHER, [by Imp\l] Bedford. LYCURGUS, a son of Morton's Traveller. 1764. Benj. Harrison. LUZBOROUGH, [Imp'd] b. h. by Williamson's Luzborough, (a son of Si' Peier Teazle,) whose dam was by Dungannon, (a son of Eclipse. Liizborough's dam was out of a Dick Anchews mare, sent to Francfj anri slie by Whiskey out of P^leanor, &,c. g. g. dam by Diomede, &c Greensville. (Imp'd 1832.) John Avery. M. MAB, b. f. by Archduke, dam Fairy by Bedford. 1809. J. Hoomes. MABEL, dk. b. f. by Sir James, dam Meg Merrilies. Lewis Berkley. MACBETH, bl. b. by Sir Archv, dam by Shylock, g. dam Lady Burton. Foaled, 1828. ' D. H. Allen. MACEDONIAN, b. by Roanoake, dam Statira by Alexander the Great. 1824. J. Randolph. MACAW, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Paroquet, &,c. J. Randolph. MADCAP, [Imp'd] b. m. by Anville—O'Kelly's Madcap by Eclipse— BlanV — Blaze — Greyhound — Curwen's Bay Barb, &c. 1794. Trained not successfully. J. Tayloe. MADISON, by Diomede, dam Priestley by Chanticleer. MADAM NORFLEET. (See Gallena.) MADAME LAVALETTE, b. m. by Peace Maker, dam by Bedford, g. dam by Medley, &c. 1815. J. J. Ambler. MAGIC, [Imp'd] ch. h. (sold for |4000,) by Volunteer, dam Marcella by Mambrino — Med'ia by Sweetbrier — Angelica by Snap — Regulus, &c. Prince George Cy. Maryland. MAGOG, by Chanticleer, dam Camilla by Wildair. J. J. Harrison. MAGNETIC NEEDLE, [Imp'd] b. by Magnet, he by Herod, his dam sister to the dam of Eusophroyne, she by Sweetbrier, his g. dam Rarity by Matchem, &c. Foaled, 1787. Tienton, N. Jersey, 1804. MAGGY r,AUDER, by Dr. Hamilton's [Imp'd] Figure, dam by Imp'd Othello, g. dam by Imp'd Spark. MAGNOLIA, ch. h. by Lindsay's Ranger, (Arabian,) dam by Othello by Crab, her dam by Morton's Traveller, anu .ler dam was Selima bj Godolphii. Arabian, &.c. 1785. Lund Washington. MAGNUM, ch. h. by Am. Eclipse, dam by Oscar, (by Diomede,) g. dan» by Picture, (bv Imp'd Shark,) Sweet Larrv, &c. MAID OF ALL WORK, b. i. by Stirling, dam [Imp'd-] Hackabout, &c. Foaled, 1800. J. Hoomes. - OF THE Forest, br. m. by Young Hickory, dam by Old Hamlet AMERICAN STVU BOOK. 36] MAID OF THE FOREST, gr. f. by Winter Arabian, dam Young Buaaaid mare by Hamlintonian, &,c. OF LoDi, by Virginian, dam by Potomac. OF THE Mill, by Old Hickory, dam by iToung Shaik, g. dam Major Biddle's mare. . OF Northampton, [by Imp''d] Clifden, dam Jane Lowndes. OF 0.\KLAND, [by Imp^d] Stirling, dam by Hall's Eclipse, Brent's Young Ebony, fcc OF Orange, lay Hanibletonian, (by Dimgannon,) dam by Dr. Thorn ton's Driver, g. dam full sister to Nantoaka by Hall's Eclipse. James Madison. OF THE Oaks, by Spread Eagle, dam [by Imp''d] Shark, g. dam by Rockingham, g. g. dam by Gallant — True Blue, &,z. Fredericksburg, Va. Lewis Willis. OF Corinth, b. m. by Virginian, dam by Sir Archy — Quick Step — Americus — Aristotle, &.c. OF Patuxent, [hy Imp''d] Magic, dam Kitty Fox. OF Warsaw, by Gohanna, dam Chestnut mare by Trafalgar, g. dam Rosalba. King William Cy. Va. 1831. Lewis Hill. MALVINA, gr. m. by Stirling, dam Calypso. J. Tayloe. [by Imp'd] Precipitate, dam by Dungannon, Mark Anthony, &,c. Major Bayly. MALCOLM, b. by Sir Charles, dam by Sir Alfred— Hoomes' Tom Tough — Imp'd Spread Eagle, &c. Wm. Wynne. MAMELUKE, br. h. by Bagdad Arabian, dam Depro by Bay Baronet — [Imp^d] Crop, &c^ Boston. Edw. Elridge MAMBRINO, dk. c. by American Eclipse, dam Grand Dutchess. Delaware Cy. Pa. 1830. Hujiiphrey Hill. MANFRED, [finp''d] b. foaled 1796, by Woodpecker, oam by Mercury, g. dam by High%er„&,c. (Died.) J. Hoomes. MARCELLA, b. f by Roanoake, dam [Imp'd] Philadelphia. 1823. J. Randolph. MARCELLUS, (formerly Red Rover,) ch. h. by Sir Charles, dam Shep- herdess by Phenomenon, &.C. Rich. Adams. MARIANNA, ch. m. by Telemachus, dam by Wild Medley, g. dam by Young Fearnought, &,c. MARCIA, gr. m. by Archduke, dam Celerinia by Celer. 1810. J. Tayloe. MARIA ANTOINETTE, g. f by Andrew, (by Sir Andrew,) dam by Wi- ley's Marok, g. dam by Old Gallatin — [Imp''d] Medley, &,c. Georgia. Foaled, 1831. C. A. Redd. P'oNTAiNE, by Superior, dam by Tom Tough — Perto — Camden- - Brilliant, &,c. "\V. D. Taylor. Hill, b. m. by Oscar, (by Wilkes' Wonder,) dam [by Imp''d\ Ciri zen out of a Fearnought mare by Regulus, &,c. Nmitod Porter. Macklin, b. m. by Sir Archy, dam by Bellair. Bellfield, Va. Henry Macklin Archy, b. f by Old Sir Arcliy, dam [by Imp'd] D'iomede — Old Giin crack, (alias Randolph's Ronn.) Biifikmgliam, A'a. 1316. Isaac Curd. 802 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. MARIA LOUISA, by Pacolet, Ham Letitia by Truxton— Gallatin, &.c. Tennessee. A. Shelby- — - Slamf.rkin, ch m. by Bond's First Consul, dam by Paragon, [/m^'rf] Figure, &c. New Jersey. Dr. E. A. Darcy. MAGGY SLAMERKIN, (Old) [by Imp'd] Wildair, dam Delancey's Cub mare. (Wildair and Cub mare were Imp'd together.) Col. Delancey. MARIA, b. m. by Sir Archy, dam Forlorn Hope. Sold E. Parker, Pa. H. Macklin. . Bl vck. (See Black Maria by American Eclipse, ditto by Shark.) by Diomede, dam by Bellair. Tennessee. H. Haynes. b. f by Monsieur Tonson, dam Eliza by Timoleon. North Carolina, 1829. J. W. JeflWes. by Bay Yankee, dam Green's Old Celer mare. W. R. Johnson. by Clockfast, dam Maria [by Imp^d] Regulus. or. m. by Pacolet, dam by Truxton. Burwell's, [by Imp'' d'] Regulus, she by Godolphin Arabian. . by Punch, dam B. Beans. — by Gallatin, dam Georgia. McNellys. -by Walnut, dam by a Grey Diomede horse, g. dam by Medley, &,c MARGARET, by Virginian, dam Hurrj^'em. MARPLOT MARE, l)y Marplot, dam Betsy Baker. MARTANZA, ch. f. by Sir Arthur, dam Amazonia by Tecumseh, &ic. MARY GREY, g. m. by Amie's Sir Archy, dam by Old Bellair— Shark- Aristotle, &,c. Alabama. Levi Gist. . g. f. [by rmp''d] Messenger, dam Tulip by Ranger, or Lind- say's White Arabian. (or Sappho,) [/m/)'i/] b. m. by Ruler, dam by Sampson — Re- gulus — Greyhound mate, i.c. Foaled, 1792. King, g. m. by Muckle John, dam by Quicksilver, and he by Imp'd Medley. Georgia, 1825. Charles A. Redd. MARY, b. f. by Coeur de Lion, dam Fanny Foster, &c. 1809. ch. f. by Sir Arcliy, dam by Francisco. Wm. Minge. . Ei.DRiDGE, ir. gr. by Napoleon 2d, dam by Pacolet, g. dam [by Imp^d] Sir Harry — Imp'd Dare Devil — Beit and Macklin's Fearnought, (tc. Pulaski, Tenn. Geo. A. Glover. OF Clovebhale, by Doubtless, dam Potomac, g. dam by Obscurity, (fcc. Ja.ne, b. f. by Bertrand, Ham by Arrakooker. — — MoRETO.N, ch. f. by Cook's Royalist, dam Mary by Coeur de Lion. RoniNsox, b. m. by Sir Archy out of the Imp'd PolSos mare, &c. Lancaster, Pa. E. Parker. Randolph, by Golianna dam. MARIGOLD, ch. m. by Tojn Tough, dam Hoskins' Sir Peter, g. dam [b]/ lmp\l'] Bedford — Imp'd Dare Devil — Symmes' Wildair, &c. M-XRIO-V. by Old Sir Archy, dam by Citizen — Alderman — Roebuck — out of a Herod mare. Halifax, N. C. 1830. B. S. Long. A MERICAN STUD BOOK. 363 MARIUS, bv Selim, dam [Tmp'd.] MARK TIME, b. by Ar. Bagdad, dam [by Imp'd] Spread Eagle— Quick- silver, (by Hart's Medley,) &c. MARK ANTHONY, [Iinp\l] by Spectator, dam Rachel by Bland— Regu- lus — Sorebeels — Makeless — Dr. Arcy's royal mare, &c. Foaled, 17(17. Stood in Virginia. dk. b. by Old Partner, dam [lmp''d] Septima by Othello, &,(. Caroline Cy. Va. 1771. I.,. Hardymau. -(Randolph's,) bro. h. by Sir Archy, dam Roanoake. 1826. J. Randolph. MARLBOROUGH, by Thornton's Rattler, dam Young Red Eye, g. dam [by Imp\l] Bedford — inip'd Gasteria, &c. MARMALUKE, b. f. [by Imp'd] Venetian, dam Magg Lauder. Rose Hill, Maryland. Thos. A. Foreman. MARSKE, (or Mask, ) by Shark, dam [Tmp\ll Virago. Orange Cy. Va. 1799. Robert Y'oung. . by Diomede, dam by Medley. Charlotte Cy. Va. 1808. Charles Wyllie. -by Marske, (by Diomede,) Hart's Old Medley thorough bred mare, &.c. Ri.ssells. MARSHAL NEY, dap gr. by Pacolet, dam Virginia by Dare Devil. MARMION, by Virginian, dam by Sir Arciiy — Cotton's Phenomenon, (he [by Imp'd] Restless) — Whirligig by imp'd Whirligig, &c. 1825. MARYLAND ECLIPSE, (See Eclipse Maryland.) WARYLANDER, by (Wynnes') Rattler, dam sister to Sir Archy, on the dam's side by Tayloe's Topgallant, &c. G S MARSHAL, by Spread Eagle, dam Virginia Nell. DiRoc, by Old Duroc, dam Maid of the Oaks. 1812. Bela Badger. Nf.y, by Am. Eclipse, dam Diana by First Consul. Elkton, Maryland. 1828. Samuel HoUingsworth. I\L\RS, r. h. bv Mountaineer, dam Camilla by Peace Maker, &c. Albemarle, 1829. Walter Coles. MARTHA JEFFERSON, b. f by Sir Archy, dam [by Imp'd] Buzzard, imp'd Symmetry, &c. MATILDA, g. m. [by Imp'd] Jonah, dam by Grey Diomede, Whistle Jacket, (tc. 1810. D. W. Sumner. b. m. by Sir Archy, dam [Imp'd] Dutchess. G. H. Burwell. ■ Poi.K, gr. f. by Marion, dam Parallel by Virginian, Pacolet's dam [by Imp'd] Medley, &,c. 182S. MATCIIEM, ch. c. l)y Janus, dam Amy Robsart. J. Randolph. by Dion, dam [Imp'd] Favourite. John Hoonies. MATCHLESS, [by Imp'd] Slender, dam Fair American by Lloyd's Tra veller, g. dam Old Slamerkin by Wildair. 1j. h. by Old Fearnought, dam by Sober John — Dabster, &,c. Caroline Cy. Va. 1777. Robt. Taliaflera. • ■ Diomede, [by Imp'd] Diomede, dam MATOUCA, b. m. by Combination, dam by Multum in Parvo, g. dam bv Green's Potomac, &,c. 32 364 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. MARY DACRE, bl. f. [by Imp'd] Valentine, dam Wright's Seljma. 1829. MAY DAY, by Sir Archy, dam Eliza Adams. Messrs. Mmge. . b. c. by Virginian, dam by Florizelle. J. K. Van meter. MEDLEY, [Imp''d] gr. h. by Gimcrack, he by Cripple, &c. dam of Medley was Arminda by Snap, &c. Foaled, 1776. Hanover Court House, Va. 1785. Malcomb Hart. . gr. c. by Sir Hal, dam Old Reality. 1824. VV. R. Johnson. b. c. by Bedford, dam Hebe by Dare Devil. Parish, Coleman &, Hoomes. . Mare, bred by J. Hoomes, foaled [Ay Imp''d] Medley, dam by Bolton — Fearnought — Tristram Shandy out of a Sober John mare, &,c. Mare, cii. by Am. Eclipse, dam Clio by Sir Archy. C. W. Van Ranst. -gr. c. by Polafox, dam Miss Bailey [by Imp\!'] Boaster. Natciiez. Chambers. Chance, (See Chance Medlej'.) -FiTz, (See F'itz Medle}'.) -. Grev, by Hart's [Imp'd] Medley, dam by Black and All Black — Bay Bolton — Old Partner — Old Fearnought, &c. N. Carolina, 1795-6. B. Williams. -(Jones') by Old Medle}', dam by Mark Anthony — Fearnought — Janus — Jolly Roger, &c. -(Thornton's) [by Imp^d] Punch, dam Helen by imp'd Med- ley, &.C. (Thompson's,) [by Tmp''d] Medley, dam by imp'd Aristotle, g. dam by Fearnought, &,c. Stood in Scott Cy. Kentucky, 1803. Wild, by Old Medley, dam Wildair, g. dam Shandy, g. g. dam Sportley by Old Janus, &,c. — YoLNG, (See Young Medley,) (two.) MEDORA, ch. f by Rattler, dam Sportmistress by Old Hickory, out of Miller's Damsel, &c. Butler Coles. MEAD'S ORACLE, (.See Oiacle Mead's.) MEG DODDS, br. m. by Sir Archy, dam Black Ghost [by Imp'd] Oscar, &c. Nansimond, Va. J. G. Green. MEG MERRILIES, b. m. by Trafalgar, ([by Imp'd} Mufti,) dam by imp'd Dragon — Lamplighter — Highflyer — Escape, &.C. Loudon, Va. Lewis Berkley. MEG OF WAPPING, b. f by Bedford, dam [Imp'd] Alexandria. MELE MELE, by Virginian, dam Lady Burton. 1826. MELPOMO.\E, by Burwell's Traveller, dam Virginia by Old Mark Antho- ny — g. dam Poll}' Byid, itc. MELUNTllEE, gr. c. by Hephestion, dam Castianira, dam of Sir Archy. MELZAR, b. h. [by Imfd] Medley, dam Kitty Fisher by Wildair, (went to Kentucky ) MERCURY, by Dr. Thornton's [Imp'd] Driver, dam by imp'd Eclipse, g. dam by Union, by imp'd Traveller, &c. MERL^JO EWE bv Jack Andrews, dam Spot by Bedford. AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 365 MERLIN, by Old Archy, dam by Old Bedford— Dare Devil— Old Shark, &c. MENDOZA, (Bruiser,) by Boxer, dam Nancy Dawson, dam of Isabella. 1796. ■ J. Tavloe. MERRY TOM, [Imp'ir] by Regulus, dam by Locust, (a Son of Crab,) g dain by a son of Flying Childers, his gr. dam by Croft's Partner, &c. Prince George Cj'. 1767. John Baird. MERRYFIELD, [Iinp^d] by Cockfighter, dam by Popinjay, Bourbon's dam, &.C. MERCURY, b. by Virginian, dam by Citizen, &c. by Janus, dam Celesta. 1777. Col. William Byrd. by Spread Eagle, dam Janetta. J. Hoomes. MERRYFELLOW, b. c. by W. R. Johnson's Byron, olam the dam of Ca- milla, (fcc. King & Queen, Va. 1831. H. Campbell. MERRY GOLD, b. f [by Imp'd] Barefoot, dam Meg Dodds. N. Jersey, 1831. W. Gibbons. MERETRIX, by Magog, dam Narcissa. MESSENGER, |/m/jV] gr. h. by Mambrino, dam by Turf, g. dam by Regu- lus out of a sister of Figurant by Stirling, out of the Fo.\ mare, the dam of Snap, &c. Foaled, 1780. C. W. Van Ransf. -DuROc, dk. ch. by Duroc, dam Vincenta [by Imp^d] Messen- ger — imp'd Slender— imp'd Lath, &c. New-Yoik, 1790. E. &, A. Stephens. METEOR, b. c. by Comet, dam Nancy Dawson. MEXICAN, [Imp'd'j by Snap out of Matchern— Middleton, &c. MIDAS, by Am. Eclipse, dam by Sir Roljin, (he [by Imp\l] Robin Red breast,) — g. dam by Dare Devil, imp'd Shark — Apollo, &lc. 1828. Wm. Tovvndes. MILLER'S DAMSEL, [by Imp'd] Messenger— dam the English PotSos, mare by Eclipse. Maid, full sister to American Eclipse. 1820. C. W. Van Ranst. MILK MAID, by Centinel, dam Gen. Carney. MILK SOP, b. f [by Imp'^d] Justice, dam the Brilliant mare by Matchern b. f. by Coeur de Lion, dam Bolton mare, g. dam Sally Wright by Yo'rick. 1798. J. Hoomes. MILWOOD, by Topgallant, dam by Kenedy's Pantaloon by Bedford. MINERVA, [by Imp''d] Obscurity, dam Diana by Claudius. Wm. E. Broadnax. ■ ch. m. by Dr. Thornton's Rattler, dam Rosalba by Trafalgar —Old Rosalba [by Imp'd] Eagle, &c. bj Bellair, dam by Symmes' Wildair, g. dam by Vampire out of Braxton's Kitty Fisher. MINK, b. f. by Roanoake, dam Cut Leggs. 1829. J. Randolph. MINIKIN, by President— Old Celer— Tristram Shandy, &,c. MINIMUS, b. c. by Roanoake, dam Young Minikin. J. Randolph. Mischief, b. f. by Virginian, dam by Bedford— Bellair— Shark, &,c. John M. Bolts 366 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. ch. m. by Rattler, dam by Ogle's Oscar — Ridgley's Hamlet, &c. Fred. Maryland. J. Powder, Jun. MISS FORTUNE, by Am. Eclipse, dam the dam of Maryland Eclipse, &c. J. Sewall. Chance, [by Imp'd] Chance, dam Roxana by Ar. Selim. Messrs. Tayloes. ■ Crawler, b. m. \by Imp'd'] Crawler, dam by Melzar — Grey Alfred— imp'd Tom Jones, &,c. Bell, [hnp^d] by Othello, dam of Dungolah. S. Carolina, 1783-4. H. Haynes. Bailey, [liy Imp''d~\ Boaster, dam (mother of Maria Haney,) by Bel- lair — VVikiair, &,c. — Dance, by Roebuck, dam by Independence, [Imp''d'\ Centinel (or Flimnap,) Old Janus, &,c. Stafford, Va. Alexander F. Rose. Doe, by Old Celer, dam by Diomede out of Bynliam's Filly, (a noted running mare in Va) Eagle, b. f by Spread Eagle, dam [Imp^d] Hackabout. FiTznoy, by Roanoake, dam Wakefield. J. Randolph. Fauntlerot, b. m. by Wildair, dam by Yorick — Little David — Mor- ton's Traveller, np''iip\r] gr. m. by Sir Peter Teazle, dam Bab by Bordeaux otit of Speranza, own sister to Saltram by Eclipse — Snap, &,c. Imp'd by Gen. INld'herson. South Carolina. Foaled, 1802. PUNCH, [Imp\l\ got by King Herod, dam by Old Marske — Cullen Ara- bian — Black Eyes by Regulus — Crab — Warlock — Galloway, &c. 1799. Win. Powers. rUNCHlNELLA, [Imp'il] by Punch, dam Craig's Highflyer by Highflyer of Tattersalls, g. dam by Galloway's Selim, &,c. Washington City, 1808. Wm. Thornton. PURITY, gr. m. by Sir Archy, dam by Bedford, g. dam (dam of Trifle) by Bellair — Shark — Wildair, Slc. Foaled, 1827. Chas. Botts &. T. Lawsow. PURE GOLD, by Stirling, dam by Escape, g. dam by Lord Louvaine's Percy Arabian — Kinj Herod, &.c. AMERICAN STUD BOOK. 370 PULASKI, ch. h. by Virginian, dam Constitution (by Diomede,) g. dam the dam of Lady Lagrange by imp'd Dragon, Bel Bounce, &-c. Thomas S. Goodrum. Q. QUAKER LASS, by Jumper, aam imp'd Molly Pacolet — — by Kouli Kahn, dam by Valiant, g. dam imp'd by William Byrd, and foaled 17^9. Theoderick Bland. QUEEN ISABELLLA, br. m. by First Consul, dam Nancy Dawson by Old Messenger. • Mab, [Jm/i't/] by Musgrove's Grey Arabian, dam Harrison's Arabian, g. dam by his Chestnut Arabian, Leeds, &.c. Imported by Gov. Ogle. -OF May, by imp'd Shark, dam by imp'd Janus, &c. 1789. Thomas. QUICKSILVER, (formerly Snap,) s. h. by imp'd Medley, dam by Wildair, g. dam by Spark out of Col. Overton's Jolly Roger, and Valiant mare sold to H. Heath. 1789. J. Tayloe. • by Mercury, dam Brondon fay Aristotle. 1 783. Benjamin Harrison, QUIETUS, b. c. by Sir Henry, dam Slow and Easy by Duroc, &c. Sherman. b. c. by Speculator, dam Alexandria. 1808. John Hoomes. QUIDNUNC, b. c. by Arabian Bagdad, dam Rosy Carey, (by Sir Archy,> g. dam Sally Jones by imp'd Wrangler — imp'd Traveller, &c. Tennessee, 1826. Rev. H. M. Cryer. R. RABBI, g. c. by Winter's Arabian, dam by one of the best sons of Hamble- tonian, g. dam by Spread Eagle. Alabama. J- & A. Gist. RACHEL FOSTER, gr. m. by Virginian, dam by Palafox— Betty Mufti by imp'd Mufti, &c. RAFFLE, ch. m. by Bellair out of a full sister to Narcissa. 1798. Samuel Tyler. RANDOLPH, gr. c. by Rinaldo, dam (Ridgley's) Ophelia by little Medley, Sz.c. RANGER, [Imp^d] a Milk White horse got by Regulus, (son of Godolphin Arabian,) his dam by Mercury, Andrew, her dam by Steady, &.c. (Unsuccessful in racing.) Dr. Hamilton. < b. c. by Roanoake, dam Never Tire. John Randolph. (See Arabian Lindsay's.) dk. b. by Bussora, dam Alarm. • ch. c. by Heath's Childers, dam Tulip by Lindsay's White Arabian, imp'd Othello, George's Juniper, &,c. 1793. Thos. M. Forman. RANTER, [Imp'd] b. foaled 1755, got by Dimple, (son of the Godolphin Arabian,) dam by Crabout of Bloody Buttocks, &c. Imp'd inx762, and stood in Stafford County, Va. in 1763. ' ■ — Young, (See Young Ranter.) RASSELAS, by Sir Archy, dam by imp'd Play or Pay, g. dam by Bellair, imp'd Pantaloon, &,c. 1823. 33* 380 AMERICAN STUD BOOK. RATTLER, or (RATTLE,) by imp'd Shark, dam Lady Leggs, (the dam of Collector,) by Centinel — imp'd Fearnought and imp'd marc, &,c. N. Carolina, (foaled, 1796.) Bignell. ch. h. by Rattler, (by Sir Archy,) dam by Old Prize Fighter, g. dam Luffborough's Spread Eagle mare. Lancaster, I'a. 1829. Edward Pariter. by Sir Archy, dam by imp'd Robin Redbreast, g. dam by imp'd Obscurity, Old Slamerkin, of a mile m the morning, should now he adiied, and at the end of a week, a mile in the evening. In another week, half a mile more morning and evening. He will now be in condition for his first sweat; his exercise may now be the same as the last week, except a " burst of heels" once or twice in the week, of three or four hundred yards ; at which time he will be ready for his second sweat. Tliis given, the horse should have, every other morning, a move of a quarter of a mile ; this continued for a week, and his third sweat may be given. After this his exercise may be increased to two miles, morn, ing and evening; one mile of which (in the morning) should be at half-speed, with a dash of a quarter every other morning, more or less according to his appetite. The sweats should vary according to the high or low condition of the animal. At the end of the week, after the fourth sweat, he may, perhaps, require a draw,* and another a day or two before he runs. I do not approve of physic. ing generally ; when there is much grossness, or general bad health, a purge may be necessary. Race-horses should be watered regu- larly three times a day, in a clear brook, in the morning after exer- cise, at twelve o'clock, and in the evening: after exercise walking them until perfectly cool, previous to watering. They should bo fed with hominy and oats, (the first divested of its mealy particles,) in the proportion of one of the first to two of the latter. Sometiiues, when the condition of the horse is low, he should be allowed a greater proportion of hominy ; as horses when in training must feed well, every thing in the food way must be tried to make them do so : as hominy alone, oats, corn in the ear, meal, cut oats, &e. I once trained a mare, and ran her successfully, feeding her thres days in the week on meal with chopped or cut oats. They should be fed five times a day : at day -break, after the morning exercise, at eleven o'clock, a little before the evening exercise, and at night : one quart at first, three the second time, three at eleven o'clock, one the fourth time, and three the last, with about nine pounds of blades without picking, divided as the grain. Some horses eat more than others, and should be allowed accordingly .t When there is costiveness, sprinkling the fodder with water, or a mash must be given : a bucket of salt and water is also sometimes useful. Sweat- ing should be done by heavy clothing and gentle exercise, giving the horse a swallow or two of water with a little meal stirred in it two or three times during the sweat. To put a horse in order, at least twelve weeks are necessary ; for a colt, nine weeks. A colt, to be in condition to run a good race, should just be low enough to feel his ribs pretty plainly, but they should not be seen : a horse should be much lower. The usual preparation for a sweat is a mash at night, muzzled, hea '' A veiy light sweat. t Particularly large horses : small horses sometimes will eat fourteen oi fifteen quarts a day. I think thirteen enough for the latter — more is apt, 1 think, to give them gorty legs, &c. 408 INSTRUCTIONS FOR TRAINING. vy cloUiing, (three or four blankets) — the next morning, after break, fast, ii'alk three or four miles, and gallop one slowly ; give a mouth, ful or two of water,* and gallop two or more, as the weather is warmer or colder : carry him then to the stable, take out the unde- blanket, rolling the cover up, half at a time, scrape well, rub bodj and legs until perfectly dry, put on blanket and hood, and walk foi an hour or two, occasionally giving a mouthful of water with a handful of meal in it, about milk warm at first. His legs, when per fcctly cool, should be washed with warm water and soap, rubbed dry, and the horse put to rest and given a mash,t (scalded oats,) in the evening walked four or five miles. The quantity of exercise mentioned, is for horses, after four years old, and upwards ; few colts require more than three miles a day. Every eight or ten days the horses should be taken from the exer- sise ground and walked on the road. A careful trainer will always know the condition of his horse's legs every morning before gal. '.oping, and decide whether they receive their work or be sent, if their legs be feverish, to have the fever extracted by standing in the water, to the pond. To keep up the appetite, I have known nothing better than a table spoonful of the powder of poplar bark, (the liriodendron tulipifera,) every day or two when it is observed that they are mincing their food : salt should be given once a week. [It will be seen by a comparison of the above instructions, which correspond with the system now usually pursued in the South, that it is much milder than the system laid down by Mr. Duvall of the olden time. It is wonderful, (observes our correspondent,) how their horses could stand such severe training : and he supposes that tlie greater fleetness of the horses of the present day may be ascrib- ed, in some measure, to changes which have been adopted in the eystem of training. It is true that many of our fine horses are let down and trained off at an early age, but that may be attributed to the severe trials to which they are put at a tender age — four mile neats, in quick time at three years old ! ] * Milk-warm, with a little meal stirred in it. t Not always necessary, except there is much cosliveness. 409 RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE RICHMOND JOCKEY CLUB.* Whereas it is necessary that all well-regulated associations Hhould have some Rules for their government, and the Richmond Jockey Club being sensibly impressed with this truth, Therefore, Resolved, that the following be the Rules and Regulations of the Ricliniond Jockey Club : \st. There shall be two regular meetings of this Club, at Tree Hill, each year, and each to continue four days, to be called Spring and Fall Meetings. The Spring Meeting shall commence on the second Tuesday in May, and the Fall Meeting the third Tuesday in October. 2d. There shall be a President, Vice-President, Secretary, Trea. surer, and four Stewards, appointed by ballot. 3d. It shall be the duty of the President to preside in all meet- mgs of the Club ; to act as Judge in each day's race ; appoint his assistant Judges on the evening preceding each day's race ; report the result of each day's race, and stand as Judge in all sweepstakes, with such other persons as the parties may appoint. Ath. It shall be the duty of the Vice-President to attend all meet- ings of the Club; assist the President in the discharge of his duty act as President pro tejn. in the absence of the President. 5ih. It shall be the iluty of the Secretary to attend the Judges on each day's race ; assist them with his counsel ; keep a book, in which he shall record the members' names, the Rules of the Club, and add to tliem any Resolutions which may change the cliaracter of either ; also record the proceedings of each meeting; the entries of horses ; an account of each day's race, including the time of run. ning each heat ; publish the races, and after they are over, publish the result ; for tliis service, he shall be exempt from paying his subscription. &th. The Stewards shall be appointed by ballot, and serve for one meeting next succeeding their appointment. They shall wear a white rose on the left side of the cape of their coat. It shall be ^heir duty to attend on the course, preserve order, clear the trnck, seep offtlie crowd from horses coming to the stand after the close of a heat ; may employ able-bodied men to assist them, who shall be paid out of any money in tlie hands of the Treasurer, and they bo designated by a red sash. * The Rules of New-Market, (near Petorsbur-j, Va.) Broad Rock, ami most of tlie courses In Virginia, are nciirly llie same. 410 RULES OF RACING. 1th. There shall be three Judges in the starting stand, the Presi. dent and two assistant Judges, whose duty it shall bo to keep the stand clear of any intrusion during the pendency of a heat, except the officers, trainers, and weigher, and also see that the riders are dressed in jockey style. 8ih. All disputes shall be decided by the Judges of the day, from whose decision there shall be no appeal, unless at the Judges' dis. oretion ; and no evidence to be received of foul riding, except from Distance Judges and Patroles. 9th. There sliall be two Distance and three Patrole Judges, who shall repair to the Judges' stand after each heat, and report the nags that are distanced, and foul riding, if there be any. 10th. The distance of the Proprietor's Purse shall be three mile Heats, and be run for on the second day of each regular meeting The purse shall be ^300 — entrance $15. llth. The distance for tlie Jockey Club purse shall be four mile heats, spring and fall, and be run for on the third day of each regu- lar meeting — entrance $20. 12th. All Sweepstakes, advertised to be run for over the Tree Hill course, on any day of the regular meeting of the Club, shall be under the cognizance of this Club ; and that whenever a subscri- ber makes an entry, he may change it at any time before the stakes closes. 13th. No person shall start a horse for any purse under the con- trol of this Club, other than a member, he being at least one-third interested, and producing proof of his horse's age ; nor shall any member start a horse, unless his entrance and subscription be paid before starting. lith. All entries of horses to run, shall be made in open Club, on the evening preceding each day's race, by 5 o'clock, or during the sitting of the Club, and no entry made after that time shall be al- lowed ; Prodded, if there be no meeting, then with the Secretary or Treasurer, by 5 o'clock. 15th. No person shall be benefited by the winning of any purse, under the control of this Club, unless he be a member or the owner of tlie horse. 16^^. Any person desirous of becoming a member for the purpose of starting a liorse, may do so, he being approved by the Club, and paying double entrance. 17///. The winning liorse of the Jockey Club Purse shall not be permitted to start for tlie Proprietor's purse, nor the winning horse of tlie Proprietor's purse for the Jockey Club purse, during the same meeting. 18//j. No compromise or agreement between any two persons marling horses, or their agents or grooms, not to oppose each other RULES OF RACING. 41 1 upon a promised division of the purse, shall be permitted or allowed, and no person shall run their nags in conjunction, that is, witli a determination to oppose, jointly, any other horse or horses which may run against them. In either case, upon satisfactory evidence produced before the Judges, the purse shall be awarded to the next best horse, mare, or gelding ; and the persons so ort'ending, sliall never again be permitted to start a horse on this course. 19th. No two riders from the same stable shall be allowed to ride in the same race ; nor shall two horses, trained in the same stable, be allowed to start in the same race. 20th. Riders shall not be permitted to ride in a race unless dressed in the jockey style. 21s?. Riders, after the heat is ended, must repair to tlie Judges stand, not dismount until ordered by the Judges, and then carry their saddles themselves to the scales, there to be weighed. 22(?. The Rider who has won a heat shall be entitled to the track, and the foremost entitled to any part of the track, he leaving a siif- ficicnt space for a horse to pass him on the outside, but shall not, when locked li}' another horse, leave the track he may be running in to press him to the outside, doing which will be deemed foul riding. A Rider may take the track on the inside, but he must do it at his own peril, as, should he be posted in making the attempt, it will not be considered as foul. Siiould any rider cross, jostle, strike an adversaiy or his horse, or run on his heels intentionally, or do any tiling else that may impede the progress of his adversary, he will be deemed distanced, though he come out ahead, and the purse given to the next best nag : and any rider offending against this Rule, shall never be permitted to ride over or attend anj' horse on the course again. 23d. If any nag shall run on tJie inside of anj* polo, they will lie deemed distanced, although tliey may come out first, and the purse awarded to the next best nag. 24/A. The distance stand shall be sixty yards from the Judges' stand for mile heats, and sixty additional yards for every mile in a heat, unless it be the best three in five, and then ninety yards to a mile. 25/A. The time between heats shall be 20 minutes for mile heats, 30 minutes for two mile heats, 40 minutes for three mile heats, and 45 minutes for four mile heats. Some signal shall be soundfvi from the Judges' stand five minutes before the period of starting, after the lapse of which time, the Judges shall give the v/ord to such riders as are ready — but should any horse be restive in sad dling, the Judges may delay the word a short interval, at tlieii own discretion. 20.'^. A horse that does not wm a heat out of three, sliall not be entitled to start for a fourth, although he may save his distance. A drawn horse shall not be considered as distanced. 36 412 RULES OF RACING. 21th. No stud liorse shall be exhibited within the walls of the course until tlie ladies have retired. 28/A. All members and their families shall pass the gate free, and all who are not members shall pay the following tolls, via : — • for every four-wheeled carriage $1, for every gig and two-wheeled carriage, cart, man and horse, 50 cents: and for every person on foot 25 cents. 2dth. Any person who may kill a dog on the course, shall be paid two dollars out ©f the funds of this Club, and if there be none in hand, by the Judges, out of the purse of that day on which the dog or dogs may be killed. 30^:!9 June 5, 1842 Dec. 7, 1844 1843 1843 1842 1842 1843' 1845 1846 1846 1839 18-1 1840 1841 1840 1840 1839 1813 1839 1845 1841 1845 1844 1844 1844 1842 1842 1844 1844 1840 1846 1845 18.39 1846 18.39 1839 1839 1839 1839 1843 1845 1842 1846 1842 1841 1844 1644 1839 1845 18-10 1843 1844 1844 1844 1840 1.^39 18:i9 1844 1846 IJ 24 41 56 EACING. BEST TIME ON RECORD AT THREE MILE HEATS. Ailsey Scroggins Andrevvetta Argentile Astor Black-Nose Black-Nose Blue Dick Blue Dick Blue Dick Bob Letcher Boston Clarion Creath Creath Creath Eliza Calvert Fashion George Martin George Martin Glorvina Hard Cider Isola James F. Robinson Jeannetton Joe Chalmers Kate Aubray Liz Hewitt Louisa Jordan Maria Mariner Master Henry Midas Miss Foote Polly Green dueen Mary Red Bill Register Ripple Rover Ruffin Sally Shannon Santa Anna Sarah Washington. Sarah Washington. Tazewell Ten Broeck The Colonel Treasurer Treasurer Wilton Brown 57, 5 46, 5 54i 48, 5 42i 42, 5 51 45, 5 44 48, 5 40 45, 5 46 44, 5 38} 42, 5 391 50, 5 46 52, 5 46, 6 12, 5 51 . . 46 45i, 5 57 57, 5 43 45, 5 44i 44, 5 53 OOi, 5 59, 5 46 43 40, 5 46 45,1,5 49, 5 52 45,5 51 41, 6 14, 5 55, 5 50 . . 04i, 5 45, 6 02i, 6 44 46,555 45, 5 38i 48, 5 45 40, 5 41 44i 39, 5 40 57, 5 44 46, 5 56 47i, 5 40, 5 56, 6 01 . 45, 5 58 59, 5 46 46, 5 48 37, 5 40, 5 40 40, 5 48, 5 49 45, 5 49 51, 5 47, 5 44, 5 52 . . 47, 5 48, 5 46, 5 52 . . 401, 5:50 41i, 5 50, 5 57, 6 01 . 431, 5 48 51,5 45 40, 5 45 46 01, 5 41,5 49 42, 5 54, 5 56 42 551, 5 46 45,' 6 05 Bardstown,Kv Trenton, N. J". Louisville, Ky Washington, D. C. . Frankfort, Ky Lexington, Ky Trenton, N.J Alexandria, P. C. . . Baltimore, Md Lexington, Ky Broad Rock, Va. . . . Union Course, L. I. Louisville, Ky New Orleans, La. . . Havana Camden, N. J Baltimore, Md New Orleans, La. . . New Orleans, La. . . Natchez, Miss Fredericksburg, Va. Lexington, Ky Lexington, Ky New Orleans, La. . . Memphis, Tenn. . . . New Orleans, La. . . Peoria, 111 New Orleans, La. . . E. Feliciana, La Camden, N. J Baltimore, Md Washington, D. C. . Mobile, Ala Columbus, Ga Cincinnati, Ohio. . . Lexington, Ky Baltimore, Md Louisville, Ky Lexington, Ky New Orleans, La. . . Lexinston, Kv Pineville, S. C Broad Rock, Va. . . . Baltimore, Md Rome, Ga Louisville, Ky Camden, N. J Union Course, L. I. Union Course, L. I. Alexandria, D. C. . . Sep. — 1843 May 29, 1840 June 6, 1844 June 3, 1841 Sep. 24, 1840 Sep. 28, 1840 May 19, 1842 June 3, 1842 May 6, 1844 May 26, 1843 Apr. 27, 1839 Oct. 9, 1839 Oct. 15, 1841 Mar. 28, 1843 Apr. 29, 1843 Oct. 29, 1841 Oct. 16, 1846 Mar. 25, 1842 Mar. 17, 1843 Apr 25, 1839 May 28, 1840 Sep. 19, 1843 May 20, 1841 Dec. 27, 1844 Nov. 15, 1843 Dec. 23, 1842 Oct. 28, 1843 Dec. 4, 1846 Apr. 20, 1844 Mav 21. 1841 May 16, 1839 .May 16, 1844 Mar. 10, 1842 May 2, 1839 Oct. 17, 1839 Mav 22, 1840 Oct". 20, 1842 Oct. 8, 1840 Sep. 24, 1844 Mar. 22, 1844 Sep. 21, 1842' Fib. 8, 1H43 Apr. 21, 1842, Mav 19, 1842 Sep. 10, 1840 June 2, 1842| Nov. 27, 1845 June 5, 18401 Oct. 5, ]842i June 4, 1842' RACING. 57 BEST TIME ON RECORD AT FOUR MILE HEATS. Na Aiidrewetta . . . Ann Hayes. . . . Baiiflit I'liston Entaw Eclipse Fashion Fashion ...... Fashion Fashion Fashion Fashion Fasliion George Martin. Greyhead Grey Medoc . .. la^o Jerry Lancaster Jerry Lancaster Jerry Lancaster Jerry Lancaster Jim Bell Miss Foote .... Miss Foote Miss Foote Oniesa Peytona Peyton a Reel Reel Rover Sarah Bladen . . . Vashti r 42 44 46, 7 58i 7 43 , 7 49, 8 24 7 48 7 45 7 50i 7 49 7 51 7 43 , 7 50 8 19, 7 42, 8 17 . 58 7 40 8 14 7 45 7 43, 8 08 7 40 7 35 7 40 . 7 39, 7 51i .... 7 45 7 48 7 451 7 43 7 41 7 39i, 7 51, 8 29 7 40 7 46, 8 19 Raleifih, N. C New Orleans, La. . • Baltimore, Md Union Conrse, L. I. Washington, D. C. . Union Course, L. I. Camden, N. J Union Course, L. I. Camden, N. J Trenton, N. J Baltimore, Md Union Course, L. I. Baltimore, Md New Orleans, La. . . Le.xington, Ky New Orleans, La. . . St. Louis, Mo New Orleans, La. . . New Orleans, La. . . St. Louis. Mo New Orleans, La. . . New Orleans, La. . . New Orleans, La. . . Lexinffton, Ky New Orleans, La. . . Augusta, Ga New Orleans, La. . . Union Course, L. I. New Orleans, La. . . New Orleans, La. . . New Orleans, La. . . New Orleans, La. . . Baltimore, Md Nov. 7, 1839 Mar. 23, 1844 May 15, 1840 May 13, 1842 May 6, 1842 May 27, 1843 Oct. 28, 1841 May 10, 1842 Oct. 29, 1842 Nov. 4, 1843 Oct. 20, 1843 Oct. 23, 1845 May 14, 1846 Mar. 29, 1843 Sep. 23, 1843 Mar. 20, 1841 June 24, 1844 .'Vpr, 5, 1845 Apr. 12, 1845 Oct. 21, 1846 Dec. 5, 1846 Mar. 19, 1842 Mar. 26, 1842 Sep. 25, 1842 Dec. 24, 1842 Dec. 11, 1840 Jan. 6, 1844 May 13, 1845 Dec. 11, 1841 Mar. 18, 1843 Dec. 28, 1844 Mar. 17, 1841 May 15, 1839 58 RACING. THE ST. LEGER. The Doncaster St. Leger (in England pronounced Sellenger,) is tlie most important stake in Great Britain, amounting to from eighteen to twenty-four thousand dollars, and is run for, annually, by three year old colts and fillies: the former carry 119 pounds, the latter 114. With these tables in view, a comparison of the speed of English and American horses can easily be made, having due regard to weight, age, and the distance run. The St. Leger is a race of one straight heat, and the horse has only to do his best for that single run. J. S. S. The following table will show the reader the distance per second averaged by horses running at any distance : — Time of running Distance per second, one mile. Yds. Ft. In. 140 17 1 9} 1 41 17 1 31 1 42 17 9J. 1 43 17 3i 144 16 2 91 145 16 2 3? 1 46 16 1 9J 147 16 1 4j 148 16 10| 149 16 5| 1 50 16 151 15 2 6y\ 152 15 2 1| 153 15 1 8f^ 1 54 15 1 3| 1 55 15 11 156 15 6j^5 'TV 1 57 15 12" ^tt 1 58 14 2 1 59 14 2 4^\ 2 00 14 2 RACING. 59 AVERAGE SPEED FOR THE DONCASTER ST. LEGER. Distance I mile 6 furlongs 132 yards. re„. Nan,eofHor.e. '^-^ ^^i- 1818 Reveller 3 15 988 1846 Sir Tatton Sykes 3 16 983 1838 Don John 3 17 978 1819 Antonio 3 18 973 1842 Blue Bonnet 3 19 968 1835 Queen of Trumps 3 20 963 1836 Elis 3 20 963 1840 Launcelot 3 20 963 1843 Nutwith 3 20 963 1847 Van Tromp 3 20 963 1834 Touchstone 3 22 954 1841 Satirist 3 22 954 1837 Mango 3 23 949 1844 Faugh-a-ballagh 3 23 949 1823 Barefoot 3 23i 948 1825 Memnon 3 231 947 1827 Matilda 3 24 945 1826 Tarrare 3 25 940 1839 Charles XII 3 25 940 1845 The Baron 3 25 940 1820 St. Patrick 3 26 935 1822 Theodore 3 26 935 1824 Jerry 3 29 922 1810 Octavian 3 30 918 1812 Otterington 3 31 913 1833 Rockingham 3 38 884 Mean speed 3 24 945 41 * PEDIGREES OF WINNING HORSES, SINCE 1839. Being an Appendix to Mason's Farrier. A. AARON, b. h. by Tennessee Citizen, dam by Timoleon. ABBEVILLE, b. h. by Nullifier, dam by Gallatin. ABNER HUNTER, b. h. by Medoc, dam by Biackburn-s Whip. ACALL\, b. m. by Luckless. ACHILLES, gr. h. by Boxer. ADELA, b. m. by The Colonel, dam \_Imp^ Variella by Blacklock. ADELAIDE, b. m. by [Imp.'] Leviathan, dam by Napoleon. ADELIA, b. m. by Mons. Tonson, dam by Sir Archy. ADRIAN, ch. h. by [/»i/).] Luzborough, dam Phenomena, by Sir Archy. ADUELLA, ch. m. by \_Imp.'\ Glencoe, dam Giantess by [//np.] Le- viathan. jESOP, ch. h. by [Imp.'] Priam, dam Trumpetta by Mons. Tonson. .^TNA, b. m. by Volcano, dam Rebecca by Palafox. AHIRA, b. h. by Medoc, dam by Tiger, AILSEY SCROGGINS, ch. m. by Giles Scroggins, dam by Pirate. AJARRAH HARRISON, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam by Gallatin. AJAX, gr. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Pacolet. A. J. LAWSON, b. h. by [Imp.] Hedgford, dam Kitty Fisher by Gallatin. ALAMODE, ch. h. by [Imp.] Margrave, dam by Timoleon. ALARIC, b. h. by Mirabean, dam by [Imp.] Tranby. ALATOONA, b. m. by Argyle, dam Viola by Gallatin. ALBION, [Imp.] bl. h. by Cain or Actseon, dam by Comus or Black- lock. ALBORAC, b. h. by Telegraph, dam by Monday. ALDERMAN, ch. g. by [Imp.] Langford, dam by Sir Charles. ALLEGRA, b. m. by Stockholder, dam by Pacolet. ALLEN BROWN, ch. h. by Stockholder, dam by [Imp.] Eagle. (60) WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. 61 ALEXANDER CAMPBELL, b. h. by Collier, dam by Kosciusko. ALEXANDER CHURCHILL, b. h. by [Imp.] Zinganee, dam by Bertrand. ALICE, b. m. by Conqueror, dam by Wild Medley. b. m. by [Imp.] Sarpedon, dam Rowena by Sumpter. ALICE ANN, gr. m. by Director, dam by Gallatin. ALMIRA, gr. m. by Eclipse, dam by Stockholder. ALTORF, b. h. by [Imp] Fylde, dam by Virginian. ALWILDA, gr. m. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam by John Richards. AMBASSADOR, ch. h. by Plenipotentiary, dam [Imp.] Jenny Mills by Whisker. AMELIA, br. m. by Bluster, dam by Messenger. AMERICA, b. m. by Stockholder, dam by Democrat. . b. m. by [Imp.] Trustee, dam Di Vernon by Florizel. AMERICAN CITIZEN, b. h. by Marion, dam by Harwood. EAGLE, gr. h. by Grey Eagle, dam by Waxy. . STAR, ch. h. by Cramp, dam by Pulaski. AMY THE ORPHAN, ch. m. by [Imp.] Nonplus, dam by Comet. ANDREWANNA, b. m. by Andrew, dam by Gallatin. ANDREWETTA, gr. m. by Andrew, dam by Oscar. ANDREW HAMET, b. h. by Sidi Hamet, dam by Trumpator. ANN BARROW, b. m. by Cock of the Rock, dam by Virginian. ANN BELL, ch. m. by Frank, dam Jonquil by Little John. ANN BLAKE, b. m. by Lance, dam by Blackburn's Whip. ANN CALENDAR, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam Grand Duchess by [Imp.] Gracchus. ANN GILLESPIE, br. m. by McCarty's Henry Clay, dam Susan by Sir William. ANN HARROD, ch. m. by Hickory John, dam by King William. ANN HAYES, b. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Pacific. ANN INNIS, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam (the dam of Mary Morris) by Sumpter. ANN KING, b. m. by [Imp.] Sorrow, dam Lady of the Lake by Henry Tonson. ANN STEVENS, ch. m. by [Imp.] Trustee, dam (an imported mare) by Muley. ANN STEWART, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam Kitty Hunter by Paragon. ANNE ROYALE, br. m. by Stockholder, dam Alice Lee by Sir Henry Tonson. ANTOINETTE, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Multiflora by Director. ANTIPATOR, ch. h. by Tychicus, dam Club Foot by Napoleon. ANVIL, b. h. by [Imp.] Contract, dam by Eclipse. ARAB, b. h. by Arab, dam by Sir Archy. ARABELLA, b. m. by Collier, dam by Gallatin. ARABIAN MARK, b. h. by [Imp.] Fylde, dam by Sir Charles. ARGENTILE, b.ni. by Bertrand, dam Allegrante by [Imp.] Truffle. ARGYLE, br. h. by Mons. Tonson, dam Thistle by Ogle's Oscar. ARILLA, gr. m. by OKelly, dam by Medley. ARKALUKA, ch. h. by [Imp] Leviathan, dam Sally McGehee. 62 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. AROOSTOOK, I), h. by Wheeling Rodolph, dam by Moses. ARRALINE, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Stockholder. ARRAH NEAL, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Martha Wash- ington by Sir Charles. ARSENIC, ch m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Mary Farmer by Con-' queror. ASHLAND, ch. h. by Medoc, dam Lady Jackson by Snmpter. ASTOR, b. h. by Ivanhoe, dam Tripit by Mars. ATTAKAPAS, ch. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam by Arab. ATTILA LECOMTE, b. m. by [Imp.] Glencoe, dam Extant by [Imp.] Leviathan. ATLANTIC, b. in. by Blood and Turf, dam Old Fly. AUNT PONTYPOOL, ch. m. by Bertrand Junior, dam Gold Finder by Virainiiis. AUSTER, br. h. by Westwind, dam by [Imp.] Leviathan. AUTHENTIC, ch. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Timoura by Timo- leon. B. BALD HORNET, ch. g. by Bald Hornet, dam by Bertrand. BALIE PEYTON, b. h. by Andrew, dam (Master Henry's dam) by Eclipse. BALTIMORE, b. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam by Gohanna. BAND BOX, gr. m. by O'Kelly, dam Lucy Brooks by Bertrand. BANDIT, b. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam by Virginian. BANJO BILL, b. h. by [Jwijo.] Sarpedon, dam by Darnaby's Diomed. BAND OF MUSIC, ch. m. by OKelly, dam by Oscar. BARBARA ALLEN, ch. m. by Collier, dam Lady Jackson by Snmpter. BASSINGER, bl. h. by [Itnp.] Fylde, dam by Randolph's Roanoke. BAYWOOD, b. h. by Editor, dam by Paeolet. BEACON LIGHT, ch. m. by [Imp.] Glencoe, dam Giantess by [Imp.-\ Leviathan. BEATRICE OF FERRARA, m. by Stockholder, dam by Duroc. BEAU-CATCHER, ch. m. by Leopold, dam Cranberry. BEE'S-WING, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Black Sophia by Topgallant. BELFIELD, b. h. by [Imp.] Priam, dam [Lnp.] Bustle by Whale- bone. BELLISSIMA, b. m. by [Imp.] Belshazzar, dam Wingfoot by Rat- tler. BELLE OF WINCHESTER, ch. m. by Stockholder, dam by Sir Archy. . , ch. m. by [Imp.] Shakspeare, dam Cado by Sir Archy. BELLE TAYLOR, b. m. by Medoc, dam by Snmpter. BEN BARKLEY, b. h. by Push Pin, dam Miss Wakefield by Sir Hal. BEN BUSTER, b. h. by Cherokee, dam by Whip. BEN FRANKLIN, ch. h. by Flagellator, dam Medora by Eclipse. • ch. h. by Woodpecker, dam by Franklin Beauty. WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. 63 BEN FRANKLIN, cli. h. by [Imp ] Leviathan, dam by Stockholder. BENDIGO, gv. li. by Timoleon, dam by Sir Charles. b. h. Ijy Medoc, dam by Sir Archy. BENGAL, cli. h. by Gohanna, dam Sportsmistress (or Gultiare) by Da roc. BERENICE, ch. m. by Slcylavk, dam Kathleen by [Imp.] Leviathan. BE'TA, ch. m. by [Itnp.] Leviathan, dam by Kosciusko. BETHESDA, b. m. by PaciKc, chim by Sir Henry Tonson. BETHUNE, br. h. by Sidi Ilamet, dam Susette by Aratus. BETSEY COLEMAN, ch. m. by Goliah, dam Melinda. BETSEY COODEY, ch.m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Sir Charles. BETSEY HUNTER, ch. m. by Sir Clinton, dam by Hamiltonian. BETSEY LAUDERDALE, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Sir Richard. BETSEY MILLER, gr. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Jane Shore by Oscar. BETSEY RED, ch. m. by Red Rover, dam Betsey West by [Imp.] Buzzard. BETSEY SHELTON, b. m. by Jackson, dam Harriet Haxall by Sir Hal. BETSEY WATSON, br. m. by Jefferson, dam by Sir Henry Tonson. BETSEY WHITE, ch. m. by Goliah, dam by Sir Charles. BIG ALECK, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Tiger. BIG ELLEN, b. m. by Medoc, dam by Old Whip. BIG JOHN, ch. h. by Bertrand, dam by Hamiltonian. BIG NANCY, ch. m. by Jackson, dam by Gallatin. BILLY AYNESWORTH, ch. h. by Traveller, dam Helen by Timo- leon. BILLY BLACK, b. li. by Volcano. BILLY BOWIE, b. h. by Drone, dam Agility by Sir James. BILLY GAY, b. h. by [Imp.] Hedgford, dam Mary Francis by Di- rector. BILLY TONSON, gr. h. by Mons. Tonson, dam by Cherokee. BILLY TOWNES, b. h. by [Imp.] Fylde, dam by Virginian. BILLY WALKER, ch.h. by [Imp.] Valparaiso, dam by Sir Richard. BILLET, ch. h. by Mingo, dam by Mambrino. BILOXE, ch. h. by Dick Chinn, dam Extio by [Imp.] Leviathan. BLACK BOY, bl. h. by [Imp.] Chateau Margaux, dam by [Imp.] Chance. bl. h. by [Imp.] Chateau Margaux, dam Lady Mayo by Van Tromp. BLACK DICK, bl. h. by [Imp.] Margrave, dam by Pamunky. BLACK FOOT, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Blackburn's Whip. BLACK HAWK, bl. h. by Industry. bl. h. by Mucklejohn. BLACK JACK, bl. h. by Tom Fletcher, dam by Baronet. BLACK LOCUST, bl. h. by [Imp] Luzborough, dam by Sir Archy. BLACK NOSE, ch. h. by Medoc, dam Lucy by Orphan. BLACK PRINCE, bl.h. by [/mp.] Fylde, dam Fantail by Sir Archy. 25 64 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. BLACK RABBIT, bl.h. by [Imp.] Nonplus, dam (Fair Ellen's dam) by Virginius. BLACK ROSE, bl. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Arab. BLAZING STAR, b. h. by Henry, dam by Eclipse. BLOODY NATHAN, gr. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Pacolet. BLOOMFIELD RIDLEY, b. h. by Bell-Air, dam Cedar Snags. BLOOMSBURY, ch. m. by [Imp.] Fylde, dam by Giles Scroggins. BLUE BONNET, gr. m. by [Imp.'] Hedgford, dam Grey Fanny by Bertrand. BLUE DICK, gr. h. by [Imp.] Margrave, dam by Lance. BLUE JIM, ch. h. by Mucklejohn. BLUE SKIN, h. by Marmion, dam by Tecumseh. BOB BUSH, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Bertrand. BOB LETCHER, b. h. by Medoc, dam by Rattler. BOB LOGIC, br. h. by [Imp.] Langford, dam by Mambrino. BOB RUCKER, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Sir Charles. BOIS D'ARC, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Hortensia by Contention. BONNY BLACK, bl. m. by [Imp.] Valentine, dam Helen Mar by Rattler. BORAC, ch. h. by Pacific, dam by Bagdad. BOSTON, ch. h. by Timoleon, dam (Robin Brown s dam) by Ball's Florizel. BOSTON FILLY, m. by Boston, dam by [Imp.] Priam. BOWDARK, b. h. by Anvil, dam by Bagdad. BOXER, b. h. by Mingo, dam by Eclipse. BOYD M'NAIRY, ch. h. by [Mp.] Leviathan, dam Morgiana by Pacolet. BRACELET, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam [Imp.] Trinket. BREAN, ch. h. by Goliah. BRILLIANT, b. h. by Sidi Hamet, dam Miss Lancess by Lance. BRITANNIA, [Imp.] b. m. by Actaeon, dam by Scandal. BROCKLESBY, ch. h. by [Imp.] Luzboroiigh, dam by Roanoke. BROKER, b. h. by [hnp.] Rovvton, dam Jane Bertrand by Bertrand. BROTHER TO HORNBLOWER, b. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam Music by John Richards. BROTHER TO PEYTQNA, ch. h. by [Imp.] Glencoe, dam Giantess by [/m^.] Leviathan. BROTHER TO VICTOR, b. h. by [Imp.] Cetus, dam [Imp.] My Lady by Comus. BROWN ELK, b. h. by Buck Elk, dam by Whip. BROWN GAL, br. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Virginian. BROWN KITTY, br. m. by Birmingham, dam by Tiger. BROWN LOCK, br. h. by Pacific, dam by Sir Hal. BROWN STOUT, br. h. by [Imp.] Sarpedon, dam Feathers by Mons. Tonson. BROWNLOW, br. h. by [Imp.] Merman, dam (Glenare's dam) by [/»!/».] Leviathan. BRUCE, ch. h. by [Imp.] Nonplus, dam Lamballe by Kosciusko. BUBB, b. m. by Bertrand, dam by Whig. WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839, 65 BUCK-EYE, b. h. by Critic, darn Ann Page by Ogle's Oscar. ■ b. h. by Lafayette Stockholder, dam Old Squaw by In dian. i BELLE, oh. m. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. LAD, ch. h. by Bertraiid, dam by a Son of Spread Ea gle. BUCK RABBIT, b. h. by [Imp.] Nonplus, dam (Fair Ellen's dam) by Virginius. BULGER BROWN, b. h. by Lance, dam by Jenkins' Sir William. BUNKUM, ch. g. by Hyazim, dam by Gallatin. BURLEIGH, b. h. by Sir Archie Montorio, dam Mary Lee by Con tention. BUSTAMENTE, ch. h. by Whalebone, dam Sarah Dancy by Time leon. BUZ FUZ, gr. h. by Medley, dam by [Imp.] Luzborough. C. CADMUS, b. h. by Cadmus. CALANTHE, b. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Jackson. CALANTHE, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. CAMANCHE, ch. h. by Grey Eagle, dam by Rattier. CAMDEN, br. h. by Shark, dam [Imp.] Invalid by Whisker. CAMEO, b. m. by [Imp.] Tranby, dam by Buzzard. CAMEL, ch. h. by Birmingham, dam by Whip or Sumpter. CAMILLA, br. m. by [Imp.] Hedgford, dam (Picayune's dam) by Sir William of Transport. CAPTAIN BURTON, br. h. by Cherokee, dam by Green Oak. CAPTAIN M'HEATH, ch. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Miss Bailey by [Imp.] Boaster. CAPTAIN THO.MAS HOSKINS, b. h. by [Imp.] Autocrat, dam by Tom Tough. CAPTAIN (The) b. h. by Sir Archy Montorio, dam OpheHa by Wild Medley. CAPTAIN WHITE-EYE, bl. h. by Chifney, dam by Sumpter. CAROLINE MALONE, (Col. Thomas Watson's), ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Proserpine by Oscar. (Col. J. C. Guild's), b. m. by [Imp.] Levia- than, dam by Sir Richard. (Col. Thomas Watson's), b. m. by [Imp.] Le- viathan, dam by Jerry. CASHIER, ch. h. by Goliah, dam by Sir Charles. CASKET, b. m. by [Imp.] Priam, dam by Constitution. CASETTA CHIEF, ch. h. by Andrew, dam by Wildair. CASSANDRA, b. m. by [Imp.] Priam, dam Flirtilla Jr. by Sir Archy. CASTIANIRA, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Stockholder. CATALPA, b. m. by Frank, dam by John Richards. CATARACT, b. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam by John Richards. CATHERINE, b. m. by Bertrand, dam Black-eyed Susan by Tiger. CATHERINE FENWICK, gr. m. by Mucklejohn, dam' by Saxe- Weimar. 66 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. CATHERINE RECTOR, ch. m. by Pacific, dam ?Jary Tonson. CAVALIER SERVANTE, gr. h. by Bertrand, dam by Andrew. CEDRIC, b. h. by [Imp.] Priam, dam Countess Plater by Virginian. CELERITY, ch."m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Patty Puff by Pacolet. CHAMPAGNE, b. h. by Eclipse, dam by Sir Archy. CHARLES, b. h. by [Imp.] Rowton, dam Leocadia. CHARLES ARCHY, ch. h. by Sir Charles, dam by Eclipse. CHARLES MALCOLM, ch. h. by Malcolm, dam by Albert Gallatin. CHARLEY ANDERSON, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Mercury. CHARLEY FOX, b. h. by Waxy, dam by Buckner's Leviathan. CHARLEY NAYLOR, b. h. by Medoc, dam by Tiger. CHARLOTTE BARNES, b. m. by Bertrand, dam by Sir Archy. CHARLOTTE CLAIBORNE, b. m. by Havoc, dam by Conqueror. CHARLOTTE HILL, b. m. by Hephestion, dam by Cook's Whip. CHARITY GIBSON, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Sir Charles. CHATEAU, [Imp.] b. m. by Chateau Margaux, dam Cuirass by Oiseau. CHEMISETTE, b. m. by [Imp.] Glencoe, dam by Arab. CHEROKEE MAID, gr. m. by Marmion, dam by Tecumseh. CHESAPEAKE, b. or br. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Thaddeus. CHICOMAH, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam White Feather by Conqueror. CHICOPA, ch. m. by Tuscahoma, dam Fortuna by Pacolet. CHIEFTAIN, b. h. by Godolphin, dam Young Lottery by Sir Archy. CHOTAUK, br. h. by Pamunky, dam by Arab. CHURCHILL, b. h. by [Imp.] Zinganee, dam by Buzzard. CINDERELLA, b. m. by Pacific, dam Mary Vaughan by Pacolet. CLARA BOARDMAN, b. m. by [Imp.] Consol, dam Sally Bell by S'r Archy. CLARION, ch. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam by Ogle's Oscar. CLARISSA, ch. m. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam (Clarion's dam) by Ogle's Oscar. CLEAR THE TRACK, ch. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam by Stock- holder. CLEOPATRA, b. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Pacolet. CLEVELAND, gr. h. by [Imp.] Emancipation, dam by [Imp.] Levia- than. COAL BLACK ROSE, bl. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Arab. COLUMBUS, Junior, b. h. by Columbus, dam by Bertrand. COMPROMISE, b. m. by Nullifier, dam by Anti-Tariff. CONCHITA, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Miss Bailey by [Imp.] Boaster. CONSOL, Junior, br. h. by [Imp.'] Consol, dam [Imp.] The Nun's Daughter by Filho da Puta. CORA, [Imp.] ch. m. by Muley Moloch, dam by Champion. CORA MUNRO, ch. ra. by Hugh L. White, dam by Crusher. CORDELIA, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Sir Archy. CORK, b. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Caledonia by Jerry. CORNELIA, b. m. by Skylark, dam by Arab. CORONATION, ch. h. by Laplander, dam by Oscar. WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. 67 COTTON PLANT, gr. m. by Bertrand, dam by Pacolet. COWBOY, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Virginian. CRACKAWAY, ch. h. by Marmaduke. CRACOVIENNE, gr. ni. by [imp.] Glencoe, dam [Imp.] Gallopade by Catton. CRE.^TH, b. h. by [Imp.] Tranby, dam by Sir Archy Montorio. CRICHTON, ch. h. by Berlraiid, dam by Phenomenon. CRIPPLE, gr. m. by [Imp.] Philip, dam (Gamma's dam) by Sir Ri- chard. CROCKETT, b. h. by Crockett, dam by Sir Archy. CROTON, gr. h. by Chorister, dam by Mucklejohn. CRUCIFIX, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Virginia by Sir Archy. CUB, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. CUMBERLAND, b. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Sir William. CURCULIA, ch. ni. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. CZARINA, gr. m. by [Imp.] Autocrat, dam Aurora by Arab. D. DANDRIDGE, b. h. by Garrison's Zinganee, dam by Walnut or La- fayette. DAN MARBLE, ch. h. by Woodpecker, dam (a sister to West Flo- rida's dam) by Potomac. DAN M'INTYRE, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. DAN TUCKER, ch. h. by [Imp.] Belshazzar, dam by Pulaski. DANIEL BUCK, ch. h. by Collier, dam by Pacolet. DARIUS, b. h. by Orphan Boy, darn by Cumberland. DARKNESS, bl. m. by Wagner, dam (Sally Shannon's dam) by Sir Richard. DARNLEY, ch. h. by John Richards, dam Lady Gray by Sir Richard. D.\RT, b. h. by [Imp.] Doncaster, dam Jane Gray by Orphan Boy. DAVE PATTON, ch. h. by Sumpter, dam by Hamiltonian. DAVID FYLDE, b. h. by [Imp.] Fylde, dam by Clay's Sir William. Day DREAM, br. m. by [I/np] Luzborough, dam by Sir Archy. D.'\YTON, ch. h. by Tormentor, dam by 'I'uckahoe. DECATUR, ch. h. by Henry, dam Ostrich by Eclipse. DECEPTION, b. h. by Stockholder, dam by [Imp.] Leviathan. DE LATTRE, br. h. by [Imp.] Consol, dam [Imp.] Design by Tramp. DELAWARE, b. h. by Mingo, dam by John Richards. DELPHINE, ch. m. by Sumpter. DE.MOCR.\T, ch. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam by Eagle. DENMARK, br. h. by [Imp.] Hedgford, dam Betsey Harrison by Aratus. DENIZEN, [Imp.] h. h. by Action, dam Design by Tramp. DEVIL JACK, ch. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Lady Burton by Timolpon. DL\NA CROW, bl. m. by Mark Antony, dam by Botts' Lafayette. DIANA SYNTAX, br. m. by Doctor Syntax, dam [Imp.] Diana by Catton. DICK COLLIER, ch. h. by Collier, dam by Whip. DICK MENIFEE, br. h. bv Lance, dam by Sir William of Transport. 25* *2 68 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. DOCTOR DUDLEY, b. h. by Bertrand, dam by Robin Gray. DOCTOR DUNCAN, ch. h. by Cadmus, dam bv Old Court. DOCTOR FRANKLIN, ch. h. by Frank, dam Althea by Big Archy. DOCTOR WILSON, ch. h. by John Bascombe, dam Bolivia by Bo- livar. DOLLY DIXON, b. m. by [Imp.] Tranby, dam Sally House by Vir- ginian. DOLLY MILAM, b. m. by {Imp.'] Sarpedon, dam by Eclipse. DONCASTER, [Imp.l bl. h. by Longwaist, dam by Muley. DONNA VIOLA, b. m. by [//wjd.] Luzborough, dam (Jack Downing's dam) by Mons. Tonson. DUANNA, gr. m. by [/m/>.] Sarpedon, dam Goodloe Washington by Washington. DUBLIN, gr. h. by \_lmp.'\ Leviathan, dam by Jerry. DUCKIE, b. m. by [Jnip.'j Sarpedon, dam Mary Jones by Kosciusko. DUKE SUMNER, gr. h. by Pacific, dam by Grey Archy. DUNGANNON, b. h. by Mingo, dam by John Stanley. DUNVEGAN, b. h. by [Imp.] Trustee, dam Jemima by Rattler. E. EARL OF MARGRAVE, b. h. by [Imp.] Sarpedon, dam Duchess of Marlborough by Sir Archy. ECLIPTIC, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam (Roddph's dam) by Moses. EDISTA, b. h. by [Imp.] Rowton, dam Empress. EDWARD EAGLE, ch. h. by Grey Eagle, dam by Director. EFFIE, b. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Stockholder. EL BOLERO, br. h. by Stockholder, dam by [Imp.] Leviathan. EL FURIOSO, b. h. by [Imp.] Hedgford, dam Rattlesnake by Ber- trand. ELIAS RECTOR, b. h. by [Lnp.] Luzborough, dam Kate Blair. ELI ODOM, br. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Chuckfahila by Ber- trand. ELIZA CULVERT (or Calvert), ch. m. by Cymon, dam Lady Sum- ner by Shawnee. ELIZA HUGHES, b. m. by Marmion, dam by Whip. ELIZA JANE, b. m. by [Imp.] Monarch, dam Big Jinny by Rattler. ELIZA ROSS, b. m. by Marmion, dam by Tiger or Whip (or Tiger Whip). ELIZABETH GREATHOUSE, b. m. by Masaniello, dam by Waxy. ELIZABETH JONES, m. by Pacific, dam by Mons. Tonson. ELLA, cli. m. by Young Virginian, dam by Harwood. ELLEN HUTCHINSON, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Ber- trand. ELLEN CARNELL, cli. m. by [Imp] Belshazzar, dam by [Imp.] Leviathan. ELLEN JORDAN, b. m. by (Imp.) Jordan, dam Ellen Tree by Henry. ELLEN PERCY, ch. m. by Godolphin, dam by (Imp.) Bedford. ■ — ch. m. by Godolphin, dam by Financier. ELLEN WALKER, b. m. by (Imp.) Consol, dam (Imp.) Plenty by Emilius. ELLISIF, b. m. by Platoff, dam by Mucklejohn. WINNING HOUSES SINCE 1839. 69 ELLIPTIC, cli. li. by Monmouth Eclipse, (lain Amaiida by Revenge. P2L0ISE, ch. ni. by (/'"/>■) Luzborougl), dam Mary Wasp by Don Qnixotte. ELVIRA, ch. )n. by Red Gauntlet, dam by Rob Roy. EMERALD, b. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam (Imp.) Eliza by Ru- bens. EMIGRANT, gr. h. by Cadet, dam by (Imp.) Contract. EMILY, ch. m. by Medoc, dam Spider by Almanzar. br. m. by (Imp.) Priam, dam by Tom Tough. ^^— ^ (Imp.) h. m. by Emilius, dam Elizabeth by Rainbow^. EMILY SPEED, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Pacolet. EMMET, b. h. by Bertrand, dam by Gallatin. ESMERALDA, b. m. by Pressure, dam by Murat. ESPER SYKES, (Imp.) br. h. by Belshazzar, dam Capsicum by Emilius. ESTA, gr. m. by Bolivar, dam by (Imp.) Barefoot. ESTHER WAKE, gr. m. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Stock- holder. ETHIOPIA, bl. m. by Dashall, dam by (Imp.) Expedition. EUDORA, br. m. by Jefferson, dam by Oscar. EUCLID, br. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Sir Archy. EUTAW, b. h. by (Imp.) Chateau Margaux, dam by Sir Charles. EVERGREEN, ch. m. by Wild Bill, dam by Sir Charles. EXTIO, b. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam (Imp.) Refugee by Wan- derer. F. FANCY, br. m. by (Imp.) Fylde, dam by Sir Archy. FANDANGO, gr. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam (Imp.) Gallopade by Catton. FANNY, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam Maria West by Marion. • (J. Guildersleeve's), bl. m. by Sidi Hamet, dam by Sump- ter. (Joseph Alston's), b. m. by Woodpecker, dam Fan by Trumpator. FANNY BAILEY, ch. m. by Andrew, dam by Bertrand. FANNY FORESTER, b. m. by (Imp.) Emancipation, dam by In- dustry. FANNY GREEN, b. m. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam Betsey Archy by Sir Archy. FANNY KING, b. m. by (Imp.) Glencoe, dam Mary Smith by Sir Richard. FANNY LIGHTFOOT, b. m. by Stockholder, dam by Sumpter. FANNY ROBERTSON, b. m. by (Imp.) Priam, dam Arietta by Vir- ginian. FANNY STRONG, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Sally Bell by Sir Archy. FANNY WYATT, ch. m. by Sir Charles, dam by Sir Hal. FANTAIL, ch. m. by Waxy, dam by Sumpter. FAIRLY FAIR, ch. m. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Peter Teazle. FAITH, b. m. by (Imp.) Tranby, dam Lady Painter by Lance. FASHION, ch. m. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam Bonnets 0' Blue by Sir Charles, 70 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. FEATHERS, ch. in. by (I"ip.) Leviathan, dam (George Kendall's dam) by 8tocl;holder. FESTIVITY, b. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Magnolia by Mons. Tonson. FIAT, b. m. by (Imp.) Hedgford, dam Lady Tompkins by Eclipse. FIFER, b. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam Music by John Richards. FILE-LEADER, ch. h. by (Imp.) Barefoot, dam Saluda by Timo- leon. FINANCE, b. m. by Davy Crocket, dam by Sir Henry Tonson. FLASH, b. ni. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Conqueror. FLAXINELLA, gr. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Virginian. FLEETFOOT, gr. m. by (/»i;>.) Barefoot, dam Dove by Duroc. FLETA (James L. French's) br. m. by (Imp.) Sarpedon, dam by Rasselas. (G. B. Williams's), ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Clay's Sir William. FLIGHT, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Sir Charles. FLORA HUNTER, gr. m. by Sir Charles, dam by Duroc. FORDHAM, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Janette by Sir Archy. FORTUNATUS, ch. h. by Carolinian, dam by Sir Charles. FORTUNE, b. m. by (Imp.) Tranby, dam by Maryland Eclipse. FRANCES AMANDA, ch. m. by Pennoyer, dam Sally McGrath. FRANCES TYRREL, b. m. by Bertrand, dam by Rockingham. FRED KAYE, b. h. by Grey Eagle, dam by Moses. FRESHET, ch. m. by Tom Fletcher, dam Caroline (or Catherine) by Pacific. FREE JACK, br. h. by (Imj}.) Luzborough, dam (Imp.) Tinsel by Napoleon. FROSTY, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Martha Holloway by Rattler. FURY, bl. m. by Terror, dam by Smith's Bedford. (Col. Wade Hampton's), ch. m. by (Imp) Priam, dam (Imp.) sister to Ainderby by Velocipede. G. GABRIEL, ch. h. by Napoleon, dam Harpalyce by Collier. GALANTHA, b. m. by (Imp.) Leviatlian, dam by Jackson. GAMMA, gr. m. by Pacific, dam (Melzare's dam) by Sir Richard. GANO, b. h. by Eclipse, dam Betsey Richards by Sir Archy. GARRICK, gr. h. by (Imp.) Shakspeare, dam by Eaton's Columbus. GARTER, b. m. by (Imp) Glencoe, dam by Trumpatar. GAS-LIGHT, br. h. by (Imp.) Merman, dam by Mercury. GAZAN, b. h. by Sir Leslie, dam Directress by Director. GENERAL DEBUYS, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam (Imp.) Nanny Kilham by Voltaire. GENERAL RESULT, b. h. by (Imp.) Consol, dam by Timoleon. GENEVA, ch. m. by Medoe, dam by Arab. GEORGE BURBRIDGE, b. h. by (Imp.) Chateau Margaux, dam by Mons. Tonson. GEORGE ELLIOTT, br. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Lawrence. GEORGE LIGHTFOOT, b. h. by Eclipse Lightfoot, dam Mary Logan by Arab. WINNING HOUSES SINCE 1839. 71 GEORGE MARTIN, b. li. by Gunison's Zinganee, clam Gabriella by Sir Archy. GEORGE W. KENDALL, ch. h. by Medoc, dam Jemiy Devers by- Stockholder. GEROW, ch. h. by Henry, dam Vixen by Eclipse. GERTRUDE, b. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Parasol by Napoleon. GIFT, cU. ra. by Dick Chinn, dam Milch Cow. GIPSEY, b. m. by Nullifier, dam by Anti-Tariff. GLENARA, b. h. by (Imp.) Rowton, dam Nell Gwynne by Tramp. (Davis &. Ragland's,) ch. m. by (Imp.) Glencoe, dam Kitty Clover by Sir Charles. (Dr. Thos. Paynes,) b. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Jane Shore by Sir Archy. GLIDER, ch. h. by (Imp.) Valparaiso, dam by Clifton. GLIMPSE, b. h. by Medoc, dam by Tiger. GLORVINA, ch. m. by Industry, dam by Bay Richmond. GLOVER ANN, gr. m. by (hnp.) Autocrat, dam by Bolivar. GOLD EAGLE, ch. h. by Grey Eagle, dam Eliza Jenkins by Sir William. GOLD FRINGE, ch. h. by {Imp.) Glencoe, dam {Imp.) Gold Wire. GONE AWAY, b. h. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Virginian. GOSPORT, br. h. by {Imp.) Margrave, dam Miss Valentine by {Imp.) Valentine. GOVERNOR BARBOUR, b. h. by {Imp.) Truffle, dam by Holmes' Vampire. GOVERNOR BUTLER, ch. h. by Argyle, dam Mary Frances by Director. GOVERNOR CLARK, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Old Court. GOVERNOR POINDEXTER, ch. h. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Eliza Clay (the dam of Giantess,) by Mons. Tonson. GRACE DARLING, ch. m. by {Imp.) Trustee, dam Celeste by Henry. GRAMPUS, b. h. by {Imp.) Whale, dam by Timoleon. br. h. by Shark, dam by Mons. Tonson. GRATTAN, b. h. by {Imp.) Chateau Margaux, dam Flora by Mary- land Eclipse. GREY ELLA, (A. G. Reed,) gr. m. by Big Archy, dam by Bertrand. (A. G. Reed,) gr. m. by Collier, dam by Gallatin. GREY FRANK, gr. h. by Frank, dam by Buzzard. GREY-HEAD, (J. L. Bradley's,) b. h. by Chorister, dam by Sumpter. (J L. Bradley's,) b. h. by Chorister, dam by Muckle- john. GREY MARY, gr. m. by Ben. Sutton, dam by Hamiltonian. GREY MEDOC, gr. h. by Medoc, dam Grey Fanny by Bertrand. GREY MOMUS, gr. h. by Hard Luck, dam by Mons. Tonson. GUINEA-COCK, br. h. by Merlin, dam by Grey-tail Florizel. GULNARE, b. m. by {Imp.) Sarpedon, dam by Sir William of Transport. GUSTAVUS, b. h. by Sussex, dam by Thornton's Rattler. GUY OF WARWICK, ch. h. by Frank, dam by Hamiltonian. 42* 72 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. H. HANNAH HARRIS, b. m. by Beitrand, dam Grey Goose by Pacolel, HANNIBAL, b. h. by O'Kelly, dam Roxana by Sir Charles. HA'-PENNY, b. m. by Birmingham, dam Picayime by Medoc. HARDENED SINNER, b. h. by (Imp.) Philip, dam by (Imp.) Bluster. HARD CIDER, b. h. by (Imp.) Tranby, dam by Sir Charles. HARK-AWAY, ch. h. by Emilius, dam (Imp-) Trapes. HARPALYCE, ch. m. by Collier, dam by Sea-Serpent. HARRIET, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam by Shylock. HARRY BLUFF, bl. h. by (Imp.) Autocrat, dam by Pakenham. HARRY CARGILL, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam (Imp.) Flo- rentine by Whisker. HARRY HILL, b. li. by (Imp.) Chateau Margaux, dam (Imp.) Anna Maria by Truffle. HARRY WHITEMAN, ch. h. by Orphan Boy, dam by Sir Archy. HAWK.EYE, ch. h. by Sir Lovell, dam Eliza Jenkins by Sir Wil- liam. HEAD 'EM, b. h. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam Itasca by Eclipse. HEALER, ch. m. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam by Sir Archy of Transport. HEBE, ch. m. by Collier, dam by Bertrand. HECTOR BELL, gr. h. by Drone, dam Mary Randolph by Gohanna, HEIRESS, (THE) ch. m. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam by Henry. HELEN, (Imp.) b. ra. by (Imp.) Priam, dam M-dlibran by Rubens, HENRY A. WISE, br. h. by Dashall, dam by Hickory. HENRY CLAY, br. h. by Cock of the Rock, dam by Virginian. HENRY CROWELL,b. h. by Bertrand Junior, dam sister to Muckle- John Junior. HERALD, ch. li. by Plenipotentiary, dam (Imp.) Delphine by Whisker. HERMIONE, ch. m. by (Imp.) Non Plus, dam Leocadia by Virginian, HERO, ch. h. by Bertrand .Tunior, dam (Imp.) Mania by Figaro. HIT-OR-MfSS, b. m. by (Imp.) Somonococlrom, dam (Imp.) Baya- dere. [These horses are owned in Canada.] HOOSIER-GIRL, ch. m. by (Imp.) Langford. HOPE, ch. h. by the Ace of Diamonds, dam (The Captain's dam,) by Oscar. HORNBLOWER, br. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam Music by John Richards. HOURI, (Imp.) ch. m. by Langar, dam Annot Lyle by Ashton. HUGUENOT, ch. h. by Convention, dam (Imp.) Marigold. HUMMING-BIRD, br. m. by Industry, dam Virginia by Thornton's Rattler. HUNTSMAN, gr. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Pacolet. HYDE PARK, ch. h. by (Imp.) Barefoot, dam Saluda by Timoleon. I. lAGO, bl. li. by Othello, dam (Sartin's dam,) by Timoleon. ICELAND, ch. h. by Medoc, darn Lady Jackson by Sumpter. ILLINOIS, b. h. by Medoc, dam by Bertrand. WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. 73 IOWA, ch. b. by {Imp.) Barefoot, dam {Imp.) Woodbine. IRENE, ro. m. by Printer, dam McKinney's Roan. ISEE TURNER, ch. m. by {Imp.) LeviatJian, dam by Stockholder. ISIDORA, b. in. by {Imp) Blacklock. ISOLA, ch. ni. by Bertrund, dam Susette. J. JACK DOWNING, b. h. by Pacific, dam by Mons. Tonson. JACK PENDLETON, ch. h. by Goliah, dam (Philip's dam,) by Tra- falgar. JACK WALKER, ch. h. by Cyrnon, dam by {Imp.) Luzborough. James ALLEN, ch. h. by (imp.) Leviathan, dam Donna Maria by Sir H.l. JAMES CROWELL, br. h. by Bertrand, dam by Sir Charles. JAMES JACKSON, ch. h. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Parasol by Tiger. JAMES F. ROBINSON, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Potomac. JAMES K. POLK, b. h. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam Oleana by Tele- graph. • b. h. by Telegraph, dam by Buzzard, ch. h. by Buck-eye, dam by Medoc. JANE ADAMS, b. m. by {Iinp.) Tranby. JANE FRANCIS, b. m. by Granby, dam by Tecumseh. JANE MITCHELL, ch. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Conqueror. JANE ROGERS, ch. m. by {Imp.) Lcvi^ithan, dam by Sir Charles. JANE SMITH, b. m. by John Dawson, d,im by Pucolet. JANE SPLANE, gr. m. by {Imp.) Autocrat, dam Helen McGregor by .Mercury. JEANETTE BERKELEY, ch. m. by Bertrand jr., dam Carolina by Young Buzz ird. JEANNE TTON, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Stockholder. JENNY-ARE-YOU-THERE, ro. m. by Sir Archy Montorio, dam by Potomac. JENNY RICHMOND, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by Hamiltonian. JENNY ROBERTSON, b. m. by {Imp.) Luzborough, diim by Marcus. JEROME, b. h. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Sir Charles. JERRY, gr. h. by Jerry, dam by Blackburn's Sir Willi^im. JERRY Lancaster, ch.g. by Mark Moore, dam Maid of Warsaw by Golianna. JIM BELL, b. h. by Frank, dam Jonquil by Little John. JIM ROCK, ch. h. by Young Eclipse, dam by Potomac. JOB, b. h. by Eclipse, dam Jemima by Rattler. JOE, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Sir Archy Montorio. JOE ALLEN, fh. h. by Goliah, dam by Sir Cliarles. JOE CHALMERS, ch. h. by {Imp.) Consol, dam {Lnp.) Rachel by Partisan (or Whalebone). JOE DAVIS, b. h. by Eclipse, dam Virginia Washington by Saxe Weimar. JOE GATES, ch. h. by Marlborough, dam by Eclipse. JOE MURRAY, br. h. by Waxy, dam by Hamiltonian. JOE STURGES, ch. h. by Jolin Bascombe, dam by Thomas's Sir Andrew. JOE WINFIELD, b. h. by John Dawson, dam Sally Dillard. 74 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. JOHN ANDERSON, b. li. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Bagdad. ch. h. by Cadmus, dam (Kate Anderson's dam,) by {Imp.) Eagle. JOHN ARCHY, ch. h. by John Richards, dam by Old Whip. JOHN BELT., b. h. by Shark, dam Kate Kearney. .TOHN BENTON, gr. h. by {Imp.) Leviathan. JOHN BLEVINS, ch. h. by The Colonel, dam {Imp.) Trinket. JOHN B. JONES, b. h. by Bertrand, dam by Director. JOHN BLUNT, b. h. by Marion, dam (Mary Blunt's dam,) by Alfred, JOHN CAUSIN, b. h. by {Imp.) Zinganec, dam Attaway by Sir James. JOHN C. STEVENS, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. JOHN DUNKIN, b. h. by Muoklejohn, dam Coquette. JOHN FRANCIS, ch. h. by Francis Marion, dam Mary Doubleday by Sir Henry. JOHN HAMPDEN, ch. h. by Goliah, dam by Director. JOHN HUNTER, b. h. by Shark, dam Coquette by Sir Archy. /OHN KIRKMAN, ch. h. by Birmingham, dam by Sir Henry Tonson. JOHN LEMON, ch. h. by Uncas, dam by Oscar. JOHN M ALONE, ch. h. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Proserpine by Tennessee Oscar. JOHN MARSHALL, b. h. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam Lady Bass by Conqueror. JOHN R. GRYMES, gr. h. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Alice Grey by Pacolet. • (Col. A. L. Bingaman's,) gr. ii. by {Imp.) Levia- than, dam Fanny Jarman by Mercury. JOHN ROSS, hi. h. by Waxy, dam by Topgallant. ch. h. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Oscar. JOHN VALIANT, bl. h. by Valiant, dam by King's Archer. JOHN YOUNG, b. h. by John Richards, dam by Trumpator. JOHNSON, br. h. by Star, dam Vanity by Grigsby's Potomac. JOSHUA BELL, ch. h. by Frank, dam Jonquil by Little John. JOYCE ALLEN, b. m. by {Imp.) Emancipation, dam Leannah by Seagull. JULIA, b. m. by {Imp.) Rowton, dam by Roscius. JULIA BURTON, ch. m. by Gohanna, dam by Tom Tough. JULIA DAVIE, ch. m. by {Imp.) Rowton, dam by Kosciusko. JULIA FISHER, ro. ni. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam Polly Bellew by Timoleon. JULIUS, ch. h. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Jackson. JUMPER, ch. 1). by Timoleon, dam Diana Vernon by Herod. K. KANAWA, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Rattler. KATE, b. f. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam Shepherdess b}' Apollo. KATE ANDERSON, b. m. by Columbus, dam Eaglet by {Imp.) Eagle. KATE AUBREY, gr. m. by Eclipse, dam Grey Fanny by Bertrand. KATE CONVERSE, b. m. by {Imp.) Non Plus, dam" Daisy by Kosciusko. KATE COY, b. m. by Critic, dam Nancy Bone by Sussex. KATE HAUN, br, ra. by Stockholder, dam by Timoleon. WINNING HORSKS SINCE 1839. 75 KATE LUCKETT, b. m. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam Shepherdess by Apollo. KATE JNflCKLEBY, br. m. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam by Teniers. b. in. by {Imp.) Glcncoe, darn by {I'fip.) Luvia- than. KATE SEYTON, br. m. by Argyle, dam Pocahontas by Sir Archy. KATE SHELBY, ch. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Maria Shelby by Stockliolder. KAVANAGU, b. or ch. h. by Bertrand, dam by Director. KEVVANNA, b. m. by {Imp.) Cetus, dam {Imp.) My Lady by Comus. KITTY HARRIS, gr. m. by {Imp.) Priam, dam Ninon de rEnclos by Rattler. KITTY THOMPSON, gr. m. by {Imp.) Margrave, dam Ninon de I'EncIos by Rattler. L. LA BACCHANTE, ch. m. by {Imp.) Glencoe, dam by Bertrand. LA BELLA COMBS, ch. m. by Andrew, dam by Director. LADY CAN TON, gr, m. by {Imp.) Tranby, dam Mary Randolph by Gohanna. LADY CAVA, ch. m. by Bertrand, dam Betsey Echols by Archy Montorio. LADY FRANCIS, b. m. by Trumpator, dam (Pressure's grandam.) LADY FRANKLIN, b. m. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam Sting by Con- queror. LADY HARRISON, b. m. by Sir Henry, dam by Mucklejohn. LADY JACKSON, -. m. by Sumpter. LADY JANE, gr. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Lady Grey by Orphan Boy. LADY PLAQUEMINE, ch. m. by Little Red, dam by {Imp.) Eagle. LADY PLYMOUTH, b. m. by Flagellator, dam Black Sophia by Eclipse. LADY SKIPETH, m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Truxton. LADY SLIPPER, ch. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan. LADY STOCK, ch. m. by Stockholder, dam by Potomac. LADY SUSAN, b. m. by Cramp, dam by Pantaloon. LAFITTE, gr. h. by O'Kelly, dam Caroline Wilson by Timoleon, LANDSCAPE, b. h. by {Imp.) Margrave, dam by Sir Archy. LANGHAM, ch. h. by Mednc, dam by Cumberland. LANEVILLE, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Arab. LASSO, b. m. by Mucklejohn, dam by Gallatin. LAURA, b. m. by Medoc, dam by Moses. LAURA LECOMTE, b. m. by Tarquin, dam Sarah by {Imp.) Sar- pedon. LAURE TTE, ch. m. by Jerseyman, dam Maria Harrison. LAVINIA PIPER, ch. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Murphy's Pacolet. LAVOLTA, b. m. by Medoc, diun by Blackburne's Buzzard. LAWYER McCAMPBELL, b. h. by Lord Byron, dam Warping Bars by Rattle the Cash. LEDA, ch. m. by Tiger, dam by Sumpter. LEESBURG, ch. h. by Red Rover, dam by Tuckahoe. LEG-BAIL, ch. h. by Jackson, dam by Marshal Ney. LEG-TREASURER, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Cumberland. 26 "iQ WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. LEHIGH, ch. h. by (Imp.) Skylark, dam Nelly Webb by Industry, LENNOX, b. h. by (Imp.) Trustee, diim (Iiiip.) Rosalind by Pawlowitz. LESLIE, ch. h. by {Imp.) Leviatlian, dam by Stockholder. LETTY FLOYD, ch. in. by {Imp.) Rowton, dam Palmetto by Rob Roy. LEVI, -. h. by Star, dam by Walnut. LEVITHA, ch. m. by {Itnp.) Leviathan. LEXPIHILI, ch. m. by Hugh L. White, dam by Pacolet. LIATUNAH, ch. m. by {Imp.) Ainderby, dam {hnp.) Jenny Mills by Whisker. LIBERALITY, ch. h. by Maryland Eclipse, dam by Sir Alfred. LIBERTAS, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Director. LIEUTENANT BASSINGER, br. h. by {Imp.) Fylde, dam by Roanoke. LIKENESS, {Imp.) ch. m. by Sir Peter Lely, dam Worthless by Walnut. LILY, gr. m. by Tychicus, dam Laura by Rob Roy. LIMBER JOHN, ch. h. by Kosciusko, dam by Moses. LINWOOD, ch. h. by Wild Bill, dam by Pacolet. LITTLE BARTON, b. h. by Bcrtrand, dam by Hamiltonian. LITTLE BLUE, gr. h. by Marmion, dam by Tecumseh. LITTLE MISERY, b. m. by Anvil, dam {Imp.) Anna Maria by Truffle. LITTLE PRINCE, gr. h. by John Bascombe, dam Bolivia by Bolivar. LITTLE RED, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Sumptcr. LITTLE TRICK, b. h. by {Imp.) Tranby, dam (Occident's dam,) by Florizel. LIVE OAK, b. h. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Pacific. LIVINGSTON, gr. h. by Medley, dam by Van Tromp. b. h. by {Imp.) Trustee, dam by Henry. LIZ LONG, br. m. by {Imp.) Merman, dam by Alpheus. LIZ TILLETT, ch. m. by Frank, dam by Medoc. LIZZY HEWITT, b. m. by Ivanhoe, dam Princess Ann by Mens Tonson. LOG-CABIN, ch. h. by Frank, dam by Hamiltonian. LONG TOM, ch. h. by Pacific, dam by Jerry. LORD OF LORN, br. h. by Argyle, dam Maria by Virginian. br. h. by Argyle, dam Duck Filly by Virginius. LORD OF THE ISLES, gr. h. by Pacific, dam by Jerry. LORENZO, b. h. by Bcrtrand, dam by Whip. LORINDA, ch. m. by Havoc, dam by Conqueror. LOUISA JORDAN, ch. m. by {Imp.) Jordan, dam Betsey Marshal by John Richards. LOUISA WINSTON, b. m. by Waxy. LUCRETIA NOLAND, br. m. by {Imp.) Hedgford, dam Frances Ann by Frank. LUCY A. MEYER, b. m. by Pacific, dam by Sir Richard. LUCY BENTON, br. m. by Hugh L. White, dam by Moloch. LUCY DASHWOOD, gr. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Miss Bailey by {Imp.) Boaster. LUCY FULLER, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam by Pakenham. LUCY LONG, m. by John Richards, dam by Diomed. b. m. by Latitude, dam by Whip. LUCY WEBB, ch, m. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. 77 LUDA, b. m. by Medoc, dam Ducliess of Marlborough by Sir Archy. LUNA DOE, ch. rn. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Telie Doe by Pacific. LYNDHURST, eh. li. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Wonder. LYNEDOCH, cii. h. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Wonder. M. MABEL WYNNE, b. m. by {Imp.) Rowton, dam by Sir Archy. MADAME ARRALINE, cli. m. by Medoc, dam by Cadmus. MAFFIT, b. h. by Frank, dam by Aratus. MAGNATE, cli. h. by Eclipse, dam Cherry Elliott by Sumpter. MAID OF ATHENS, b. m. by (Imp.) Priam, dam by Arab. MAID OF NORTHAMPTON, gr. m. by {Imp.) Autocrat, dam by Rattler. MAJOR BOOTS, br. h. by {Imp.) Merlin, dam by Alborak. MANALOPAN, gr. h. by Medley, dam by John Richards. MANGO, {Imp.) ch. m. by Taurus, dam Pickle by Emilius. MARCHIONESS, cii. in. by {Imp.) Rowton, dam (Fancy's dam) by Sir Archy.. MARCO, b. h. by Sir Leslie, dam by Lance. MARGARET CARTER, b. m. by Medoc, dam Lady Whip by Sir Archy. MARGARET BLUNT, b, m. by Eclipse, dam by Contention. MARGARET WOOD, b. m. by {hnp.) Priam, dam Maria West by Marion. MARIA, ch. m. by {Imp.) Jordan, dam Polly Powell by Virginian. MARIA BLACK, {Imp.) br. m. by Filho da Puta, dam by Smolensko. MARIA BROWN, br. m. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam Brunette by Sir Hal. MARIA COLLIER, br. m. by Collier, dam by Gallatin. MARIA MILLER, br. m. by Stockholder, dam by Madison. MARIA PEYTON, ch. m. by Balie Peyton, dam by Tariff. Maria SHELTON, eh. m. by Andrew, dam (Ajarrah Harrison's dam) by Gallatin. MARIA SPEED, ch. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Pacific. MARIA WILLIAMS, ch. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Napoleon. MARINER, bl. h. by Shark, dam Bonnet's o' Blue by Sir Charles. MARION, b. m. by {Imp.) Autocrat, dam by Rob Roy. MARTHA BICKER TON, b. m. by Pamunky, dam by Tariff. MARTHA CARTER, ch. m. by Bertrand, dam Sally Naylor by Gal- latin. ch. m. by Bertrand, dam by Oscar. MARTHA CALVIN, h. m. by Airrippa, dam by Walnut. MARTHA M ALONE, b. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Tatchecana by Bertrand. MARTHA RANEY, b. m. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Sumpter. MARTHA ROWTON, ch. m. by {Imp.) Row^ton, dam Martha Griffin by Phenomenon. MARTHAVILLE, b. m. by Dick Singleton, dam Black-Eyed Susan. MATCHEM, ch. h. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dain by Blind Jackson. MARTIN'S JUDY, br. m. by Young's Mercury, dam by Eclipse. MARTIN VAN BL'REN, b. h. by Lafayette Stockholder, dam by In- dian. MARY, gr. m. by Old Saul, dam by Free Mulatto. 78 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. MARY, gr. m. by [Imp.) Consul, dam Sally Bell by Sir Archy. MARY ANN FURMAN, br. ni. by (Imp.) Sarpedon, dam by Ber- trand. MARY BEECHLAND, b. m. by Sir Leslie, dam by Potomac. MARY BELL, b. m. by Se;ig-ull, dam (Vidocq's dam) by Stockholder. MARY BRENNAN, b. m. by Richard Singleton, dam by Hamiltonian. MARY BURNHAM, b. m. by Arcliy Montorio, dam by Stockholder. MARY CHASE, b. m. by (Imp.) Felt, dam by Sir Archy. MARY CHURCHILL, b. m. by {Imp.) Barefoot. MARY DOUGLAS, g-r. m. by Jerry, dam by Stockholder. MARY ELIZABETH, ch. m. by Andrew, dam by Gallatin. Mary ELLEN, b. m. by Woodpecker, dam by Sumpter. MARY HEDGFORD, br. m. by (Lnp.) Hedgford, dam Mary Francis by Director. MARY JONES, ch. m. by {Imp.) Barefoot, dam by Eclipse. Mary lewis, ch. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Proserpine by Os- car. MARY LONG, b. m. by {Imp.) Tranby, dam Lady Pest by Carolinian. MARY LUCKETT, ch. m. by Marion, dam (Charles Archy's dam) by Eclipse. MARY MASON, br. m. by Pirate, dam by {Imp.) Consol. MARY MEADOWS, ch. m. by Stockholder, dam by Timoleon. MARY MILLER, ch. m. by Arab, dam by Peacemaker. MARY MORRIS, b. m. by Medoc, dam Miss Obstinate by Sumpter. Mary OUSLEY, br. m. by King's Bertrand, dam by Pacolet. MARY PORTER, ch. m. by Mucklejohn, dam by Printer. MARY REED, br. m. by Industry, dam by Rattler. MARY RODGERS, b. m. by {Imp.) Hibiscus, dam Ten Broeck'a dam. MARY SCOTT, b. m. by Bertrand, dam by Blackburn's Whip. MARY SHERWOOD, b. m. by Stockholder, dam by {Imp.) Levia- than. MARY STEWART, b. m. by {Imp.) Valentine, dam by Henry. MARY THOMAS, b. m. by {Imp.) Consol, dam Parrot by Roanoke. MARY TRIFLE, cli. m. by Medoc, dam by Hamiltonian. MARY VAUGHAN, b. m. by Waxy, dam by {Imp.) Bluster. MARY WALTOxN, ch. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Miss Bailey by {Imp.) Boaster. MARY WATSON, gr. m. by Robin Hood, dam Bolivia by Bolivar. MARY WELLER, ch. m. by Sterling, dam Discord by {Imp.) Luzbo- roiigh. MARY WICKLIFFE, b. m. by Medoc. MARY WYNNE, b. m. by Eclipse, dam Flirtilla Jr. by Sir Archy. MASTER HENRY, b. h. by Henry, dam (Balie Peyton's dam) by Eclipse. MAT. MURPHY, ch. h. by Pete Whetstone, dam by Rattler. MEDINA, b. m. by {Imp.) Barefoot, dam bv Director. MEDOCA, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by Doublehead. ]\lEDORA WINSTON, b. m. by Telegraph, dam by Pacolet. MELISSE BYRON, b. m. by Cherokee, dam by Barnett's Diomed. MELODY, cli. m. by Medoc, dam (Randolph's dam) by Haxall's Moses. MERCER, cli. h. by Woodpecker, dam by Hamiltonian. WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. 79 MERIDIAN, ch. h. by (7m;?.) Barefoot, dam by Eclipse. METARIE, ch. m. by Frank, dam (Musedora's dam) by Kosciusko. MEl'EOR, ch. h. by {Imj}.) Priam, dam (Baltimore's dam) by Go- haima. McINTYRE, ch, h. by Medoc, dam by Sumpter. MIDNIGHT, bl. m. by Shark, dam Meg- Dods, by Sir Archy. MIDAS, b. h. by (hnp.) Rovvlon, dam by Roanoke. MILTON HARRISON, b. h. by Orange Boy, dam by Quicksilver, MINERVA ANDERSON, ch. m. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Sir Charles. MINERVA PROFFIT, ch. m. by {Tmp.) Luzborough, dam Sopbia Bess. MINISTER, b. h. by Medoc, dam by Alexander. MINSTREL, b. m. by Medoc, dum by Bedford's Alexander. MINT JULEP, br. h. by Godolphin, dam Isora by Dockon. MIRABEAU,'b. h. by Medoc, dam Ann Merry by Sumpter. MIRIAM, b. m. by (Imp.) Autocrat, dam Laura by Rob Roy. MIRTH, b. m. by Medoc, dam (Minstrel's dam) by Bedford's Alexan- der. MISKVVA, ch. m. by Dick Chinn, dam Linnet by (Imp.) Leviathan. MISSISSIPPI, b. h.'by John Dawson, dam by Partnership. MISSOURI, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam by Director. MISTAKE, b. ni. by Eclipse, dam byTimoleon. MISS ACCIDENT, (Imp.) b. m. by Tramp, dam Florestine by Whis- ker. MISS ANDREW, ch. m. by Andrew, dam by Gallatin. MISS BELL, b. m. by (Imp.) Consol, dam {Imp.) Amanda by Morisco. MISS CHESTER, b. m. by (Jmp.) Sarpedon, dam Delilah by Tiger. MISS CLARK, cli. m. by Birmingham, dam by Cumberland. MISS CLASH, ch. m. by Birmingham, dam by Stockholder. MISS CLINKER, {Imp.) b. m. by Humphrey Clinker, dam Mania by Maniac. MISS FOOTE, b. m. by {Imp.) Consol, dam {Imp.) Gabriella by Oscar (or Oiseau). MISS JACKSON, ch. m. by Oakland, dam by Diomcd. MISS LETTY, b. m. by {bnp.) Priam, dam Patty Burton by Marion. MISS MACARTY, b. m. by Waxy. MISS RIDDLE, ch. m. by {Imp.) Riddlesworth, dam Lady Jackson by Sumpter. MISS WILLS, gr. m. by {Imp.) Ziuganee, dam Sorrow by Rob Roy. MOBILE, b. h. by {Imp.) Consol, dam {Imp.) Sessions by Whalebone. MOLLY LONG, ch. m. by Tom Fletcher, dam by (Imp.) Janus. MOLLY WARD, b. m. by {Imp.) Hedgford, dam by Bertrand. MOLOCH, {Imp.) h. h. by Mulcy Moloch, dam Sister to Puss by Te- niers. MONARCH, (7m;?.) b. h. by Priam, dam Delphine by Whisker. MONGRELIA, ch. m. by Medoc, dam Brownlock by Tiger. MONKEY DICK, b. h. by Dick Singleton, dam by Sumpter. MORDAC, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Whip. MORGAN, ch. h. by John Bascombe, dam Amy H:imilton. MORGIANA, ch. m. by Red Gauntlet, dam by Joe Kent. MORTIMER, ch. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam by Oglp's Oscar. 26* 43 80 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. MOSELLE (Colonel Gavan's), b. in. by Telegraph, dam (Imp.) Jane Shore. MOSELLE (E. P. Dave's), b. m. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam {Imp.) Jane Shore. MOTH, ch. m. by (Imp.) Glencoe, dam (Imp.) Jessica by Velocipede. MOTTO, ch. m. by (Imp.) Barefoot, dam Lady Tompkins by Eclipse. MOUNTAINEER, ch. h. by Yorkshire, dam by Rattier. MOUNTJOY, b. h. by (Imp.) Tranby, dam by Sir Charles. MUD, gr. h. by (Imp.) Ltviatlian, dam by Pacolet. MUSEDORA, ch. m. by Mcdoc, dam by Kosciusko. MUSE SANDFORD, b. h. by Hickory, dam by (Imp.) Contract. MUSIC, gr. h. by (Imp.) Pliilip, dam Piano by Bertrand. N. NANCY BUFORD, cii. m. by Medoc, dam by Thornton's Rattler. NANCY CLARK, b. m. by Bertrand, dam Morocco Slipper by Timo- leon. NANCY DAWSON, cb. m. by Frank, dnm by Voltaire. NANCY O., ch. m. by Flagg, dam Milly Tonson by Mons. Tonson. NANCY ROWLAND, b. m. by (Imp.) Rowton, dam by Rob Roy. NANNY, b. m. by (hnp.) Trustee, dam Miss Mattie by Sir Archv. NARCISSA PARISH, ch. m. by Stockholder, dam by (Imp.) Eagle. NARINE, ch. m. by (Imp.) Jordan, dam Louisianaise. NAT BRADFORD, gr. h. by Bertrand, dam Morocco Slipper by Ti- molcon. NATHAN RICE, br. h. bv Birmingham, dam by Whipster. NED WELLS, b. h. by O'Connell, dam by Stockholder. NEPTUNE, ch. m. by (Imp.) Jordan, dan Louisianaise. NIAGARA, ch. h. by (Imp.) Trustee, dam Gipsey by Eclipse. NICK BIDDLE, b. h. by Score Double, dam Highland Mary. NICK DAVIS, ch.h. by (hnp.) Glencoe. NICON, ch. h. by Pacific, dam by .Jackson. NOBLEMAN, ch. h. by (Imp.) Cetus, dam (Imp.) My Lady by Comus. NORFOLK, br. h. by (Imp.) Fylde, dam Polly Peachem by John Richards. NORMA, ch. m. by Longwaist, dam (Imp.) Novelty by Blacklock. NORTH STAR, ch. h. by Emilius, dam Polly Hopkins by Virginian. O. OCTAVE, b. m. by (Imp.) Emancipation, dam Polly Kennedy. OGLENAH, ch. h. by Medoc, dam Maria by Hamiltonian. OH SEE, ch. h, by (hnp.) Foreigner, dam by Mons. Tonson. OLD DOMINION, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Isabella by Sir Archy. OLD MISTRESS, ch. m. by Count Badger, dam Timoura by Timo- leon. OLEAN, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Truxton. OLEANDER, ch. m. by (Imp.) Glencoe, dam Aranetta by Bertrand. OLIVIA WAKEFIELD, gr. m. by Patrick Henry. OLYMPUS, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Flirtilla Junior, by Sir Archy. OMEGA, gr. ni. by TimoJeon, dam Daisy Cropper by Ogle's Oscar. OMOHONDRO, ch. h. by Robin Brown, dam by Mason's Rattler. OREGON, b. h. by (Imp.) Philip, dam by (hnp.) Luzborough. ORIANA, br. in. by (Imp.) Longwaist, dam (hnp.) Orleana by Bus- tard. WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. 81 ORIFLAMME, ch. h. by Mons. Tonson, dam by Sir Hal. ORIOLE, b. m. by {Imp) Leviathan, diuii Objrcf. by Marshal Ney. ORLEANS, ch. h. by Cock of the Rock, dam liy 'i'imoleon. ORSON, ch. h. by (Imp.) Valuntiiic, dam Elheliiida by Marshal Ber- tiand. OSTRICH, ch. h. by Collier, dam by Shakspeare. OSCAR, (,Josiah Chambers's), ch. h. by Ulysses, dam by Bertrand. OSCEOLA, b. h. by Pacific, dam by Oliver H. Perry. ch. li. by Wild Bill, dam by Timoleon. ch. h. by Collier, dam by Sampler. OTHELLO, ch. h. by Waxy, dam by Hickory. OUR MARY, br. m. by (Imp.) Langford, dam Ostrich by Eclipse. P. PAIXHAN, b. h. by {Imp.) Felt, dam Mary Hutton. PALMERSTON, b. h. by {bnp.) Merman, dam (Imp.) by Cadmus. PANIC, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Aggy-up by Timoleon. PARIS, bl. h. by {Imp.) Priam, dam Water-Witch. PARTNER, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Doublchead. PASSENGER, {Imp.) b. h. by Langar, dam My Lady by Comus. b. h. by Balie Peyton, dam by Pamunky. PASSAIC, {Imp.) ch. h. by Reveller, dam Rachel by Moses. PATRICK H. GALWEY, ch. h. by {Imp.) Jordan, dam Duchess of Ashland by Shakspeare. PATSEY ANTHONY, b. m. by {Imp.) Priam, dam (Josephus's dam) by Virginian. PATSEY BUFORD, b. m. by Mazeppa, dam by Rattler. PATSEY CROWDER, gr, m. by Patrick Henry, dam Hillon by Antelope. PATSEY DAVIS, ch. m. by Count Badger, dam Timoura by Timo- leon. PATSEY STUART, b. m. by Bertrand, dam by Redgauntlet. PEDLAR, ch. h. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Pizarro. PEGGY HALE, cli. m. by {Imp.) Skylark, dam by Sir Charles. PENELOPE, {Imp.) ch. m. by Plenipo, dam Brazil by Ivanhoe. PENSEE, gr. m. by Lauderdale, dam by Lightning. PEORIA, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by Whip. PETER PINDAR, ch. h. by {Imp.) Daghee, dam by {Imp.) Barefoot. PETER SPYKE, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by {Imp.) Jack Andrews. PETWAY, b. h. by {Imp.) Glencoe, dam Kitty Clover by Sir Charles. br. h. by {Imp.) Glencoe, dam by Sir Archy. PET WORTH, b. h. by {Imp.) Philip, dam (Kinlock's dam) by Shaw- nee. PEYTON A, ch. m. by {Imp.) Glencoe, dam Giantess by {Imp.) Levia- than. PHANTOM, b. h. by {Imp.) Contract, dam by Potomac. PHIL. BROWN, {Imp.) ch. h. by Glaucus, dam Bustle by Whalebone. PICKWICK, b. h. by Pacific, dam by Pacolet. PICOLO, br. h. by Lord Byron, dam Highland Mary (Nick Biddle's dam). PILOT, b. h. by Wild Bill, dam by Oscar. PLENIPO, {Imp.) b. h. by Plenipo, dam Polly Hopkins by Virginian. POKEROOT, gr. h. by William Tell, dam by Citizen. 82 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. POLLARD BROWN, b. h. by Wild Bill, dam Hippy by Pacolet, POLLY ELLIS, m. by {Imp.) Trustee, dam Ros;ilind by Ogle's Oscar. POLLY GREEN, br. m. by Sir Charles, dam Polly Peachem by John Rieliards. POLLY HUNTER, ch. m. by Andrew, dam by Crusader. POLLY MILAM, b. m. by {Imp.) Sarpedon, dam by Escape. POLLY PILLOW, b. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Sir Archy. POLLY PIPER, ell. m. by Count Piper, dam by Consul or Sumpter. PONEY, ch. h. by {Imp.) Leviathiin, dam by Stockholder. PONOLA, ch. 1). by Hannibal, dam by Sir Archy. PORTSMOUTH, br. h. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam Polly Peachem by John Richards. POSTMASTER, (The) b. h. by {Imp.) Consol, dam Country Maid by Pacific. POWELL, ch. h. by Medoc, d:im by Alexander or Virginian. PRENTISS, (S. S.) b. h. by {Imp.) Fyldc, dam by Washington. PRESTON, br. h. by Telegrapli, dam (Olivia's dam). b. h. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Parrot by Roanoke. PRIMA DONNA, b. m. by {Imp.) Priam, dam Lady Rowland by Ta. riff. PRINCE ALBERT, ch. h. by {Imp.) Margrave, dam (Eutaw's dam) by Sir Charles. PRINCESS, ch. m. by {Imp.) Priam, dam Sally Hope by Sir Archy. PRINCESS ANN, b. m. by {Imp.) Levi^ithan, dam by Stockholder. PRISCILLA MARTIN, ch. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Arab. PROMISE, ch. m. by Wagner, dam by Lance. PROSPECT, ch. h. by Monmoutii Eclipse, dam by {hnp.) Expedition. ■ — ch. m. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam Anvilina Smith by Stockholder. PRYOR, b. h. by {Imp.) Priam, dam Queen of Clubs by Virginian. PURITY, b. m. by {Imp.) Ainderby, dam Betty Martin by Giles Scroggins. PUSS, b. ni. by {Imp.) Priam, dam by Virginian. Q QUEEN ANNE, {Imp.) bl. m. by Camel, dam by Langar. QUEEN ELIZABEIU, br. m. I.y {Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Sir Archy. QUEEN MARY, ch. m. by Bcrtrai.d, dam by Brimmer. QUININE, ch. m. by Red" Tom, dam by Bcrtrand. R. RAGLAND, ch. h. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Stockholder. RALPH, b. h. by Woodpecker, d.ini Blown Mary by Sumpter, KANCOPUS, ch. m. by Fligellator, dam Molly Longlegs. RAN PEYTON, ch. h. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Stockholder. RAPIDES, ch. h. by {Imp.) Skylark, dam Margaret May by Pacific. Rasp, srr. h. by {Imp.) Fylde, dam by Director. REBECCA KENNER, b. m. by {Imp.) Skylark, dam Lady Halston by Btrtrand. REBEL, ch. h. by Gohanna, dam (Ohio's dam). RED BILL, ch. h. by Medoc, dam Brown Mary by Sumpter. RED BREAST, ch. h. by {Imp.) Priam, dam Fanny Wyalt by Sir Charles. WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. 83 RED BUCK, cli. h. by (Imp.) Rowlon, dam Lidy Doerpond, RED EAGLE, br. h. by (rrcy Eagle, dam by Mooes. RED FOX, ch. h. by (Imp.) Luzborouirli. RED GAUNTLET, ch. b. by (Imp.) Trustee, d.im {Imp.) Vaga. RED HAWK, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Siimptcr. RED HEAD, b. h. by Woodpecker, dam by Whipster. RED MOROCCO, ch. m. by Medoc, dam Brownlock by Tiger. RED ROSE, br. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam by {Imp.) Bagdad. RED TOM, ch. h. by Bertrand, dam Duchess of Marlborough by Sir Archy. REEL, gr. m. by {Imp.) Giencoe, dam {Imp.) Gallopade by Catton. REGENT, b. h. by {Imp.) Priam, dam Fantail by Sir Archy. REGISTER, gr. h. by {Imp.) Priam, dam Maria Louisa by Mens. Tonson. RELIANCE, b. h. by {Imp.) Autocrat, dam Lady Culpeper by Caroli- nian. RESCUE, br. h. by {Imp.) Emancipation, dam Louisa Lee by Medley. REVEILLE, b. m. by Bertrand, dam Sally Melville by Virginian. b. or br. h. by Young Virginian, dam by Harwood. REVERIE, b. or br. m. by {Imp.) Ainderby, dam by Giles Scroggins. RHYNODINO, gr. h. by Pacific, dam by Hamiltonian, RICHARD OF YORK, b. h. by Star, dam by Shylock. RICHARD ROWTON, b. h. by {Imp.) Rowton, dam by FalstafF. RIENZI, b. h. by {Imp.) Autocrat, dam by Sir Charles. b. li. by {Imp.) Autocrat, dam Peggy White by {Imp.) Sy- phax (or Diomed). RINGDOVE, b. m. by {Imp.) Merman. RIPPLE, b. m. by Medoc, dam Belle Anderson by Sir William. ROANNA, ro. m. by Archy Montorio, dam by Potomac. ROBERT BRUCE, b. h. by Clinton, dam by Sir Archy. ROBIN COBB, ch. h. by {Imp.) Felt, dam Polly Cobb. ROCKER, b. h. by Eclipse, dam by Virginian. ROCKETT, b. h. by Sir Leslie, dam Miss Lancess by Lance. RODERICK DHU, gr. h. by Merlin, dam by {Imp.) Bagdad. RODNEY, br. h. by {Imp.) Priam, dam Medora. ROSABELLA, b. m. by {Imp.) Sbakspeare, dam by Timoleon. ROSA VERTNER, b. m. by Sir Leslie, dam Directress by Director. ROSCOE, b. h. by Pacific, dam by Grey Archy. ROTHSCHILD, b. h. by {Imp.) Zinganee, dam by Tiger. ROVER, b. h. by Woodpecker, dam Sally Miller by Cherokee. ROW rONELLA, ch. m. by {Imp.) Rowton, dam Sally Hopkins by Kosciusko. RUBY, b. m. by {Imp.) Rowton, dam Bay Maria by Eclipse. ch. m. by Duke of Wellington, dam Lively by Eclipse. RUFFIN, b. h. by {Imp.) Hedgford, dam Duchess of Marlborough by Sir Archy. SAILOR BOY, b. h. by Jim Cropper, dam by Marshal. SAXiADIN, b. h. by Jolm Richards, dam by Henry. SALKAHATCHIE, b. m. by Vertumnus, dam Sally Richardson by Kosciusko. SAL STRICKLAND, ch. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Pacolet. 43* it WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. SALLY BARTON, cb. m. by J.icksoii, dam by Gallatin, SALLY BROWN, b. m. by Jackson, d.mi by Gallatin. SALLY CARR, b. m. by Stockholder, dam by SALLY CRESSOP, ch. m. by Eclipse, dam by Arab. SALLY DILLIARD (or HILLIARD), gr. m. by O'Kelly, dam by Shawnee. SALLY HARDIN, b. m. by Bertrand, dam Peggy Stewart by Whip. SALLY HART, m. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam Clear-the-Kitchen by Shakspeare. SALLY McGHEE, ch. m. by Gascoigne, dam Thisbe. SALLY MORGAN, b. m. by {Imp.) Emancipation, dam Lady Mor- gan by John Richards. SALLY SHANNON, b. m. by Woodpecker, dam (Darnley's dam,) by Sir Richard. SALLY WARD, m. by John R. Grymes, dam by SAMBO, ch. h. by Equinox, dam by Aratus. SAM HOUSTON, b. h. by {Imp.) Autocrat, dam by {Imp.) Major. SANDY YOUNG, b. h. by Medoc, dam Natchez Bell by Seagull. SANTA ANNA, ch. h. by Bertrand Junior, dam Daisy by Kosciusko. SANTEE, ch. h. by Wild Bill, dam Sally McGhee by Timoleon. SARAH BLADEN, ch. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Morgiana by Pacolet. SARAH BURTON, m. by Pacific, dam by Timoleon. SARAH CHANCE, ch. m. by Lafayette, dam by Sir Archy. SARAH JACKSON, JUNIOR, b. m. by Piamingo, dam by Arab, SARAH MORTON, b. m. by Sidi Hamet, dam Rowena by Sumpter. SARAH WASHINGTON, b. m. by Garrison's Zinganee, dam by Contention. SARTIN, br. h. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam Julia Fisher by Timo- Icon. SCARLET, ch. h. by Uncas, dam by Pacolet. SENATOR, ch. h. by {Imp.) Priam, dam Ariadne by Gohanna. SERENADE, b. h. by Woodpecker, dam by Cook's Whip. SEVEN-UP, b. m. by {Imp.) Chateau Margaux, dam by Arab. SHAMROCK, {hnp.) ch. h. by St. Patrick, dam Delight by Re- veller. SHARATOCK, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Trumpator. SHEPHERDESS, ch. m. by Lance, dam Amanda by Revenge. SIGNAL, bl. h. by {Imp.) Margrave, dam by Mons. Tonson. SIMON BENTON, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Rattler. SIMON GURTY, ch. h. by Mark Moore, dam by Tiger. SIMON KENl'ON, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Ratller. SIR ARISS, gr. h. by Trumpator, dam Ophelia by Wild Medley. SIR ELLIOTT, b. h. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Lady Frolic by Sir Charles. SIR JOSEPH BANKS, b. h. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Sir Archy. SIR WILLIAM, b. h. by Sir William, dam by Rattler. SISSY, b. m. by {Imp.) I,cviatlian, dam {Imp.) Gutty by Whalebone. SISTER TO THORNHILL, cli. m. by {Imp.) Glencoe, dam {Imp.) Pickle by Emilius. SLEEPER, gr. h. by {Imp.) Sarpedon, dam Flora by Grand Seignor. WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. 85 SLEEPER (THE), gr. h. by {Imp.) Sarpedon, dam by Cooper's Mes- seno'er. SLEEPY JOHN, b. I), by John Dawson, dam Sally Billiard by Vir- g-inian, (or Plieiiomina). SMOfvE, cli. 1). by (Imp.) Titisteo, dam Bianca by Medley. SNAG, ch. h. by Mcdoc, dam bv Rattler. SNOWBIRD, gr. h. by {Imp.) Chateau Margaux, dam Forsaken Filly by Jerry. SOPHL\ LOVELL, b. m. by Sir Lovcll, dam Eliza Jenkins by Sir William. SORROW, {Imp.) ch. h. by Defence, dam Tears by Woful. SPLINT, ch. in. by Hualpa, dam by Plienomenon. S'i'ACKPOLE, ch. h. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Stockholder. SIWGE-DRIVER, b. h. by Lmcc, dam by Bertrand. STANHOPE, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Helen Mar by Rattler. STANLEY, ch. h. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Aronetta by Bertrand. ch. Ii. by Eclipse, dam by Busiris. . ECLIPSE, ch. h. by Busiris, dam by John Stanley. STAR, b. h. by {Imp.) Skylark, dam Betsey Epps by Timoleon. SI'AR OF THE WEST, b. m. by Bertrand, dam by Whip. ■ ch. m. by {Imp.) Luzburough, dam by Ber- trand. STEEL, b. h. by {Imp.) Fylde, dam Dimont by Constitution. STHRESHLEY, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by Paragon. S IRAN(iER, b. h. by Lance, dam by Whip. STOCKBOROUGH, ch. h. by {Imp.) Luzborongh, dam by Stock, holder. ST. CHARLES, ch. h by {Imp.) Jordan, dam by Mercury. ST. CLOUD, ch. h. by {Imp.) Belshnzzar, dam by Old Partner. ST. LOUIS, gr. h. by Altorf, dam Fleta by Jackson's (or Johnson's) Medley. ST. PIERRE, bl. h. by Pamnnky, dam by Lafayette. SUFFERER, b. h. by Eclipse, dam Meg Dods by Sir Archy. SUFFOLK, b. h. by Andrew, dam Ostiich by Eclipse. SUNBEAM, ch. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Alice Grey by Mercury, • ch. h. by {Imp.) Latigford, dam Gipsey, (sister to Medoc). SUSAN HILL, ch. m. by {I?np.) Glencoe, dam Susan Hill by Time- leon. SUSAN TYI,ER, b. m. by {Imp.) Sarpedon. SUSAN VANCE, ch. m. by Siladin, dam by Sir William. SWALLOW, b. m. by {hnp.) Leviathan, dam Object by Marshal Ney. SWEET HOME, ch. m. by Medoc, dam by H.Vmiltonian. SWI.SS BOY, br. h. by {Imp.) Swiss, dam by Stockholder. SYLPHIDE, {Imp.) b. m. by Emilius, dam Polly Hopkins by Virgi- nian. SYMMETRY, b. m. by {Imp.) Priam, dam Phenomena by Sir Archy. T. TABITHA, ch. m. by Huilpa, dam by Phenomenon. TAGLIONI, ch. m. by {Imp.) Priam,"dam by Sir Charles. TALLEY, eh. h. by Talleyrand, dam by Bertrand. TALLULAII, ch. m. by Hyazim, dam by Gallatin. TAMERLANE, ch. h. by Cowper, dam by Director. 86 WIXXIXG HORSES SINCE 1S39. TAMMAXY, b. h. by ilmp.) Trustee, dam Camilla by Henry. TaRaNTL'LA, ch. m. by {Imp.) Belshazzar, dam Mary Jaue Davis bv Stockholder. TARLTOX, b. h. by Woodpecker, dam by Robin Grey. TaRQUIX, h. li. by {Imp.) Cunsol, dam Jeanuie Deans by Powhattan. TATTEKSALL, ch. h. by {Imp.) Emancipation, dam (Volney's dam,) bv Sir Archy. TAYLOE, h. h. bv {Imp.) Autocrat, dam Peeev White. lAZEWELL, b. h. bv {Imp.) Fylde, dam b/Gjllaun. TEARAWAY, b. h. by {Imp.) Trustee, dam Jemima by Thornton's Rattler. TELAMOX, ch. h. bv Medoc, dam Cherrv Elliott bv Sumpter. TELIE DOE, b. m. bv Pacific, dam Matilda bv Grevtail. TELLULA. ch. m. by' Eclipse, dam by Whip. ' TEMPEST, ch. h. by {Imp.) Trustee, dam Jeanette by Sir Archy. TEMPLAR, b. h. bv {Imp.) Sarpedon, dam bv Timoleon. TEX BROECK, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Berlraiid. I'EXXESSEE, b. m. by {Imp.) Felt, dam Berenice by Archy Junior. TEXAXA, b. m. by {Imp.) Hedgford, dam Goodlee Washington by Washington. TEIXAS, b. h. bv {Imp.) Fvlde, dam bv Potomac. THE COLOXEL, ch. h. by {Imp.) Priam, dam {Imp.) My Lady by Conius. THE COLOXEL'S DAUGHTER, b. m. by The C.I:'(loc, diim by Smnpter. TOM PAINE, bl. h. by {hup.) Margrave, dam (Emily Tliouuis's dam) by Tom Tougli. TOM THURMAN, b. h. by (Iinp.) Fykle, dam by Citizen. TOM WALKER, ch. h. by xMaiylander, dam by Rattler. TOMMY WAKEFIELD, ch. h. by Drone, dam by Eclipse. TORCH-LIGHT, ch. m. by {Imp.) Glencoe, dam Wax-light by {Imp.) Leviathan. TORNADO, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Polly Hopkins by Virginian. TRANBYANNA, m. by {Imp.) Tranby, dam Lady Tompkins by Eclipse. TRANSIT, b. h. by {Imp.) Hedgford, dam (Molly Ward's dam) by Bertrand. TREASURER, b. h. by {Imp.) Roman, dam Dove by Duroc. TRENTON, b. h. by Eclipse Lightfoot, dam by Tuckahoe. TROUBADOUR, bl. h. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Stockholder. TRUXTON, b. h. by {Imp.) Barefoot, dam Princess by Defiance. TUSKENA, b. h. by Mons. Tonson, dam Creeping Kate. TYLER, b. h. by {Imp.) Trustee, dam Kate Kearney by Sir Archy. U. UNCAS, ch. h. by Diomed. b. h. by {Imp.) Jordan, dam by Pacific. UNITY, ch. f. by Genito, dam Lady Pest by Carolinian. V. VAGABOND, ch. h. by {Imp.) Ainderby, dam {Imp.) Vaga. VAGRANT, ch. h. by {Imp.) Trustee, dam {Imp.) Vaga. VANITY, b. m. by Traveller. VAN TROMP, h. by Van Tromp, dam by Mucklejohn. VASHTI, b. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan — Slazy by Bullock's Mucklejohn. VELASCO, b. h. by Shark, dam by Virginian. VELOCITY, ch. m. by {Imp.) Leviathan, dam Patty PufT by Pacolet. VERTNER, ch. h. by Medoc, dam Lady Adams by Whipster. VETO, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Diomed. h. by {Imp.) Luzborough, dam Lady Washington by Wash- ington. VICTOR, br. h. by (Imp.) Cetus, dam (Imp.) My Lady by Comus. VICTORIA, gr. m. by Sir Kirkland, dam by Tippoo Saib. b. ra. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Timoleon. ROWTON, ch. m. by (Imp.) Rowton, dam by Pheno- menon. VICTRESS, b. m. by Grey Eagle, dam by Royal Charley. VIDOCQ, br. h. by Medoc, dam by Stockholder. VIOLA, ch. m. by (I»>p.) Leviathan, dam Mary Longfit by Pacific. VIRGINIA, ch. m. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Sir Rich d Tonson. VIRGINIA ROBINSON, b. m. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam Becky by Marquis (or INIarcus). VOLTAIRE, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Bertrand. W. WACOUSTA, ch. h. by Jerseyman. dam Lady Vixen. WADDY THOMPSON, ch. h. by (Imp.) Emancipation, dam by Tra- falgar. 27 88 WINNING HORSES SINCE 1839. WAGNER, cli. h. by Sir Chiirles, dam Maria West by Marion. WALK IN-THE- WATER, b. h. by Collier, dam by Bertrand. WALTER L . b. h. hy (Imp) Fylde, dam by Sir Charles. WANTON WILL, b. li. by Brunswick, dam by Prince Edward. WARSAW, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Arab. WARWICK, ch. li. by Stoclcliolder, dam by (Imp.) Leviathan. WASHENANGO, ch. h. by (Imp.) Sorrow, dam by (Imp.) Leviathan. WATKINS, ro. h. by John Richards, dam by Whip. WAXETTA, br. m. by Waxy, dam by Kennedy's Diomed. WEBSTER, b. h. by (Imp.) Priam, dam Fairy. WELLINGTON, b. h. by (Imp.) Sarpedon, dam (Volney's dam) by Sir Archy. WESLEY MALONE, b. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam by Sir Richard. WEST FLORIDA, b. m. by Bertram, dam by Potomac. WEST-WIND, br. li. by (Imp.) Chateau Margaux, dam Mambrina by Bertrand. WHALEBONE, b. h. by (Imp.) Cetus, dam by Gohanna. WHISKER, b. h. by (Imp.) Emancipation, dam by Walnut. » WILL-GO, b. or br. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Eclipse. WILLIAIVI R., b. h. by Goliah, dam by Sir Alfred. WILD BURK, ch. h. by Medoc, dam by (Imp.) Bluster. WILLIS, ch. h. by Sir Charles, dam by (Imp.) Merryfield. WILLIS P. MANGUM, b. h. by Shark, dam Aggy Down. WILTON BROWN, gr. h. by (Imp.) Priam, dam Ninon de PEnclos by Rattler. WINCHESTER, ch. li. by Clifton, dam by Contention. WINFIELD (or WINFIELD SCOTT), ch. h. by Andrew, dam by Eclipse. WONDER, b. h. by Tycliicus, dam Nancy Marlborough by Rob Roy. WOODCOCK, b. h. by (Imp.) Emancipation, dam by Shylock. WORKMAN, ch. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam by Tiraoleon. Y. YAZOO TRAPPER, ch. h. by Sir William. YELLOW ROSE. ch. m. by Andrew, dam Tuberose by Arab. YORKSHIRE, b.'h. by St. Nicholas, dam Moss Rose by Tramp. YOUNG DOVE, gr. m. by (hnp.) Trustee, dam Dove by Duroc. YOUNG FRAXINELLA, gr. m. by (Imp.) Autocrat, dam by Virgi- nian. YOUNG MEDOC, ch. h. by Medoc. Z. ZAMPA, ch. h. by (Imp.) Priam, dam Celeste by Henry. ZEBA, ro. ra. by Eclipse, dam Miss Walton by Mendoza. ZEMMA (or ZAMOUR), ch. h. by Ulysses, dam by Stockholder. ZENITH, b. h. by Eclipse, dam Belle Anderson by Sir William of Transport. ZENOBIA, ch. m. by (Imp.) Roman, dam Dove by Duroc. ZOE, ch. m. by (Imp.) Rowton, dam (Little Venus's dam,) by Sir William. ZORAIDA, b. m. by Virginias, dam by Comet. CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. A. ABD ALLAH, b. h. by Mambrino, dam Amazonia. ABJER, [Imp.] got by Old Truffle, dam Briseis by Beningbrough, gr. dam Lady Jane by Sir Peter Teazle — Paulina by Florizel, &c. — foaled 1817, died 1828. — Alabama. James Jackson. ADMIRAL, [Imp.] h. li. got by Florizel, dam the Spectator mare, (who was also the dam of Old imp. Diomed) — foaled 1779. — New York. J. Delancy. AFRICAN, bl. h. by [Imp.] Valentine, dam by Marshal Bertrand. ALLEN BROWN, ch. hrby Stockholder, dam by [Imp.] Eagle. ALL FOURS, [/»(;).] got by All Fours, son of Regulus— Blank— Bolton Starling — Miss Meynell by Partner — Greyhound — Cur- win's Bay Barb, &c. imp. into Massachusetts or Connecticut. ALONZO, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Sir Archy. AINDERBY, [Imp.] ch. h. by Velocipede, dam Kate by Catton. ALTORF, b. h. by [Imp.] Fylde, dam Countess Plater by Virginian. AMBASSADOR, [Imp.] b. h. by Emilius, dam [Imp.] Trapes by Tramp. AMERICUS, [Imp.] h. h. got by Babraham — Creeping Molly by Se- cond — General Evans' Arabian Cartouch — foaled 1775. William Macklin. ANDREW, ch. h. by Sir Charles, dam by Herod. ANDREW JACKSON, b. h. by Timoleon, dam by [Lnp.] Whip. ANN PAGE, m. by Maryland Eclipse, dam by Tuckahoe. ARAMINTA, b. m. by May-Day, dam Tripit by Mars. ARGYLE, br. h. by Mons. Tonson, dam Thistle by Ogle's Oscar. AUTOCRAT, [Imp.] gr. c. got by Grand Duke, dam Olivetta by Sir Oliver — Scotiua by Delphi — Scota by Eclipse — foaled 1822. — New York. William Jackson. B. BABRAHAM, [Imp.] b. h. got by Old Fearnought (son of Godolphin Ar.) — Silver — imported into Virginia by William Evans of Surrey county, and got by the Belsize Arabian in England, and foaled 1759. — Va. 17G5. William and George Evans. [Imp.] h. h. got by Wildair — Babraham — Sloe — Bart lett's Childers — Counsellor — Snake, &c. — foaled 1775. — Va 1783. Augustine Willis. (89) 90 CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. BALTE PEYTON, b. li. by Andrew, dam Pocahontas by Eclipse. BAY MIDDLETON, b. h. by [Imp] Fylde, dam by Potomac. BELLE ANDERSON, m. by William of Transport, dam Butterfly. BELSHAZZAR, limp.] ch. by Blacklock, dam Manuella by Dick Andrews. BERNERS COMUS, [Imp.] b. li. by Comus, dam Rotterdam by Juniper. BERTRAND Junior, ch. h. by Bertrand, dam Transport by Virgi- nius. BETSEY MALONE, m. by Stockholder, dam by Potomac. BIANCA, m. by Medley, dam Povvancey by Sir Alfred. BIG JOHN, ch. h. by Bertrand, dam by Hamiltonian. BILL AUSTIN, b. h. by Bertrand, dam by Timoleon. BIRMINGHAM, br. h. by Stockholder, dam Black Sophia by Top- gallant. BLACK ARABIAN, [Imp.] — Presented by the Emperor of Morocco to the United States' Government. BLACK PRINCE, b. h. by [Imp.] Fylde, dam Fantail by Sir Archy. , [Imp.] bl. h. got by Babraham — Riot by Regulus — Blaze — Fox, &c. — foaled 17G0. — New York. A. Ramsay. BLOODY NATHAN, ch. h. by [Imp.] Valentine, dam Daphne by Duroc. BOHEMOTH, Junior, b. h. by Old Bohemoth. BONNYFACE, [Imp.] (also called Master Stephen) dk. b. h. got by a son of Regulus out of the Fen mare, got by Button's Royal colt — Blunderbuss, &c. — foaled 1768. — Va. French. BOSTON, ch. h. by Timoleon, dam (Robin Brown's dam) by Ball's Florizel. BRITANNIA, [Imp.] m. by Muley, dam Nancy by Dick Andrews. BUFF COAT, [Imp.] dun h. got by Godolphin Arabian —Silver Locks by the Bald Galloway — Ancaster Turk — Leeds Arabian, &c.— foaled 1742.— Va. 17G1. Joseph Wells. BULLE ROCK, [Imp.] got by the Darley Arabian — Byerly Turk, out of a natural Arabian mare, &c. — foaled 1718. — Virginia, 1735-G. Samuel Patton. BUSIRIS, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Grand Duchess by [Imp.] Grac- chus. BUSSORAH ARABIAN — Imported by Abraham Ogden, Esq., of New York. BUTTERFLY, m. by Sumpter, dam by [Imp.] Buzzard. C. CADMUS, ch. b. by Eclipse, dam Di Vernon by Ball's Florizel. CAMDEN, b. h. by [Imp.] Sarpedon, dam by Old Cherokee. CAMILLA, m. by [Imp.] Philip, dam Roxana by Timoleon. CANNON, [Imp.] br. h. got by Dungannon — Miss Spindleshanks by Omar — Starling, &c. — foaled 1789. — Boston. Gen. Lyman. CAROLET, ch. m. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Peg Caruthers by Arab. CAROLINE, m. by Eclipse, dam Miss Mattie. CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. 9] CARVER, [Imp.] h. h. got by Young Snap — Blank — Babraharn — Ancastei- Starling — Grasshopper, &c. — foaled 1770. — Norfolk county, Va. Dr. Charles Mayle. CETA, m. by [Imp.] Cetus, dam Harriet Hetli by Mons. Tonson. CETUS, [Imp.] b. h. by Whalebone, dam Lamea by Gohanna. CHARLEY NAILOR, b. h. by Medoc, dam by Tiger. CHARLOTTE PAGE, m. by Sir Archy, dam by [Imp.] Restless. CHATEAU MARGAUX, [Imp.] dk. br. h. got by Whalebone, (best son of Waxy,) dam Wasp by Gohanna — Highflyer — Eclipse, &c._foaled 1822.— Va. 1835. J. J. Avery & Co. CHEROKEE, h. by Sir Archy, dam Roxana by Hephestion. CHESTERFIELD, b. h. by Pacific, dam by Wilkes' Madison. CHIFNEY, ch. h. by Sir Charles, dam by Sir Archy. CHILTON, b. h. by Seagull, dam by Hazard. CINDERELLA, b. m. by Saladin, dam by Aratus. CIPPUS, bl. h. by Industry, dam by Randolph's Mark Antony. CIVIL JOHN, gr. h. by Tariff, dam by Pakenham. CLARET, [Imp.] got by Chateau Margaux, dam by Partisan — Silver Tail by Gohanna — Orville, &c. — foaled 1830. — N. Carolina. Wyatt Cardwell. CLARINET, ch. m. by Kentucky Sir Charles, dam Mary Grindle Ly Eclipse. CLARION, ch. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam by Ogle's Oscar. COCK OF THE ROCK, b. h. by Duroc, dam by Romp. COLORADO, h. by Eclipse, dam by Sir Archy. COMMENCEMENT, m. by Arab, dam by Francisco. COMMODORE, b. h. by Mambrino, dam by True American. CORONET, [Imp.] b. h. by Catton, dam by Paynator. CORTES, h. by Old Rattler, dam by Jack Andrews. COUNT BADGER, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Arabella by Hickory. COUNT ZALDIVAR, ch. h. by Andrew, dam by Timoleon. COUNTESS BERTRAND, m. by Bertrand, dam Nancy Dawson bj- Platt's Alexander. CRIPPLE, b. h. by Medoc, dam Grecian Princess by Whip. CRITIC, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Eclipse Herod. CUSSETA CHIEF, ch. h. by Andrew, dam Virago by Wildair or Wonder. CYMON, ch. h. by Marion, dam Fair Forester by [Imp.] Chance. D. DAGHEE, [Imp.] b. h. by Muley, dam by Arabian Sheik. DAMASCUS, h. by [Imp.] Zilcadi, dam Dido by [Imp.] Expedition. DANCING MASTER, [Imp.] b.h. got by Woodpecker— Madcap by Snap— Miss Meredith by Cade, &c. — foaled 1788. — S. Carolina. DANIEL OCONNELL, gr. h. by Sir Henry Tonson, dam by [Imp.] Sir Harry. DAVY CROCKETT, h. by Constitution, dam by Sutton's Whip. DEBASH, [Imp.] b. h. got by King Fergus — Highflyer— Madcap by Snap— Miss Meredith by Cade, &c.— foaled 1792. Imported into Massachusetts. Jones 27* 44 92 CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. DECATUR, ch. b. by Henry, dam Ostrich by Eclipse. DERBY, [Iinp.~\ dr. b. h. got by Peter Lely out of Urganda, formerly Lady Eleanor, she by Milo, dam by Sorcerer out of Twins, &c. —foaled 1831. R. D. Shepherd. DIANA, m. by Mons. Tonson, dam by Conqueror. DIANA, [Imp.lj m. by Catton, dam Trulla by Sorcerer. DIANA, m. by Mercury, dam Rarity. DONCASTER, [/m^.] b. h. by Longwaist, dam by Muley, grandam Lady Ern by Stamford. DON QUIXOTE, [Imp.] ch. h. by O'Kelly's Eclipse— Grecian Prin- cess by Forester — Coalition colt — Bustard, &c. — foaled 1784. Imported into Va. DORMOUSE, [Imp.] dk. b. h. got by Old Dormouse, dam by White- foot — Silverlocks by Bald Galloway, &c. — foaled 1753. — Va. 1759. DOSORIS, ch. h. by Henry, dam (Goliah's dam) by Mendoza. DRONE, [Imp.] h. h. got by King Herod— Lily by Blank— Peggy by Cade — Croft's Partner — Bloody Buttocks, &c. — foaled 1777. — Duchess county, New York. ch. h. by Mons. Tonson, dam Isabella by Sir Archy. DUANE, br. h. by [7»y).] Hedgford, dam Goodloe Washington by Washington. DUCHESS, b. m. by [Imp.] Coronet, dam by Tariff. DUCHESS OF YORK, [Imp.] eh. m. got by Catton, dam by Sancho — Coriander — Highflyer, &c. — foaled 1821. — Va. R. D. Shepherd. DUKE SUMNER, gr. h. by Pacific, dam by Grey Archy. DUNGANNON, ch. h. by Sumpter, dam by Duke of Bedford. E. ECLIPSE, (American,) ch. h. by Duroc, dam Miller's Damsel by [Imp.] Messenger. ECLIPSE THE SECOND, b. h. by Eclipse, dam Lady Nimble by Sir William. ELIZA ARMSTRONG, m. by Flying Childers, dam Gipsey by Flo- rizel. ELIZA MILLER, m. by Miller's Bertrand, dam Lucy Forester by Marshal Ney. ELLEN GRANVILLE, b. m. by [Imp.] Tranby, dam by Contention. EMANCIPATION, [Imp.] br. h. by Whisker, dam by Ardrossan. ENGLISHMAN, (Imp. by Mr. Walter Bell of Va., in his dam,) by Eagle (also imported) — PotSos — Pegasus — Small Bones by Jus- tice, &c. — foaled 1812. ENTERPRISE, h. by John Richards, dam by Don Quixote. EUGENIUS, [Imp.] ch. h. by Chrysolite, dam Mixbury by Regulus — Little Bowes by a brother to Mixbury — Hutton's Barb, &c. — . foaled 1770. EXILE, h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam [Imp.] Refugee by Wanderer. CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. 93 F. FAIRFAX ROANE, [Itnp.] (alias Strawberry Roan) ro. h. got by Adolphus, (lam Ijy Sinitli's Tartar (a son of Croft's Partner) g. dam by Midge (son of Snake) — Hip, &c. — foaled 17G4 — Va. — Fairfax. FANNY WRIGHT, m. by Silverheels, dam Aurora by Governor Wright's Vingtun. FELT, [Imp.'\ h. h. by Langar, dam Steam by Waxy Pope. FESTIVAL, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Timoleon. FIFER, b. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam Music by John Richards. FLATTERER, [Imp.] h. h. by Muley, dam Clari by Marmion. FLORANTHE, m. by John Richards, dam Fanny Wright. FOP, [Imp.] gr. h. by Stumps, dam by Fitz James. FRANCIS MARION, ch. h. by Marion, dam Malvina by Sir Archy. FRANK, ch. h. by Sir Charles, dam Betsey Archy by Sir Archy. G. GANDER, gr. h. by Wild Bill, dam Grey Goose by Pacolet. GANO, b. h. by Eclipse, dam Betsey Richards by Sir Archy. GENERAL MABRY, h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Galen by Pacific. GEROW, ch. h. by Henry, dam Vixen by Eclipse. GIFT, [Imp.] h. h. got by Cadormus, dam by Old Crab — Second Starling, &c. — foaled 1768. — New Kent county, Va. Colonel Dangerfield. GILES SCROGGINS, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam Lady Bedford by [Imp.] Bedford. GLENCOE, [Imp.] ch. h. by Sultan, dam Trampoline by Tramp. GLOSTER, b. h. by Sir Charles, dam by Alfred. GOHANNA, h. by Sir Archy, ctem Merino Ewe by [Imp.] Bedford. GOLD BOY, b. h. by Industry, dam (Buck Eye's dam) by Medoc. GOLDWIRE, [Imp.] br. m. by Whalebone, dam Y'oung Amazon by Gohanna. GOVERNOR HAMILTON, gr. h. by Sir Andrew, dam by Bonaparte. GRANBY, [Imp.] b. h. got by Blank— Old Crab— Cyprus Ar.— Com- moner — Makeless — Brimmer, &c. — foaled 1759. — Powhatan county, Va. Samuel Watkins. GRECIAN PRINCESS, m. by Virginian, dam Calypso by Bell-Air — Dare Devil — Old Wildair — Piccadilla by Fearnought — Go- dolphin — Hob or Nob, &c. GREY EAGLE, gr. h. by Woodpecker, dam Ophelia by Wild Med- ley. GREY MEDOC, gr. h. by Medoc, dam Grey Fanny by Bertrand. GROUSE, br. h. by Eclipse, dam by Erie. GUM ELASTIC, b. h. by Waxy, dam by Read's Spread Eagle. H. HALO, h. by Sir Archy Montorio, dam Semiramis. HARD LUCK, gr. h, by Randolph's Roanoke, dam Lady Washing- ton. 94 CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. HAYWOOD, li. Ly [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Black Sophia by Topgal- lant. HECTOR, [Imp.] bl. h. got by Lath — Childers— Basto — Cnrwin's Bay Barb, &c foaled 1745. Colonel Marshall. HEDGFORD, [Imp.] br. h. by Filho da Puta, dam Miss Ciaigie by Orville. ^ (Young) h. by [Imp.] Hedgford, dam by [Imp.] Ea- gle. HERCULES — a grey draft horse, imported into Louisville, Ky. HERO, [Imp.] b. h. got by Blank — Godolphin Ar. &c.— foaled 1747. — Va. John S. Wilson. HIAZIM, ch. h. by Sir Archy, dain Janey by [Imp.] Archduke. HIBISCUS. [Imp.] b. h. by Sultan, dam Duchess of York by Waxy. HICKORY JOHN, ch. h. by John Richards, dam Kitty Hickory by Hickory. HIGHLAND HENRY, ch. h. by Henry, dam Highland Mary by Eclipse. HORNBLOWER, br. h. by Monmouth Eclipse, dam Music by John Richards. HUGH LUPUS, [Imp.] b.h. by [Imp.] Priam, dam Her Highness by Moses. I, IBARRA, b. h. by [Imp.] Hedgford, dam by Virginian. IBRAHIM PACHA, [Imp.] — a pure Bedouin Arabian — imported by Captain James Riley. J. JACK OF DIAMONDS, [Imp.] dk. b. b. by CuUen's Arabian— Dar- ley Ar. — Byerly Turk, &c. — Va. 1763. Imported by Colonel Spottswood. Solomon Dunn. JACK PENDLETON, ch. h. by Goliah, dam by Trafalgar. JANE GRAY, m. by Orphan Boy, dam Rosalind by Ogle's Oscar. JEROME, br. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam by Sir Charles. JESSICA, [Imp.] ch. m. by Velocipede, dam by Sancho. JIM JACKSON, ch. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Conqueror. JOB, b. h. by Eclipse, dam Jemima by Thornton's Rattler. JOHN BASCOMBE, ch. h. byBertrand, dam Grey Goose by Pacolet. JOHN BULL, [Imp.] b. h. by Chateau Margaux, dam by Wofnl. JOHN DAWSON, b. h. by Pacific, dam by Grey Arehy. JOHN GASCOIGNE, h. by Randolph's Gascoigne, dam by Virgi- nian. JOHN RICHARDS, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam by Rattler, gr. dam by [Imp-I Medley. JORDAN, [Imp."] ch. h. by Langar, dam Matilda by Comus. JUNIUS, [Imp.] bl. h. got by Old Starling — Old Crab — Monkey— Curwin's Bay Barb— Spot, &c.— foaled 1754.— Va. 1759. JUSTICE, [Imp.] h. h. got by Blank, dam Aura by Stamford Turk, gr. dam by a brother to Conqueror — Childers, &c. — Va. 1780. George Gould. CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. 95 JUSTICE, limp.] got. by Oia Justi.'e (:^oii of King Herod) — Old Squirt mare — Mogul — Camilla by Biiy Bolton, &o. — foaled 1782. — S. Carolina. Major Butler. K KANGAROO, ch, h. by Uncas, dam by Orphan. KATE NICKLEBY, m. by [Imp.] Trustee, dam Lady Mostyn by Teniers. KING WILLIAM, [Imp.] red sor. h. got by Florizel, dam Milliner by Matchein — Cassandria by Blank, &c. — foaled 178L — Ches- ter county, Pa. Dr. Norriss. — [Imp.] b. h. by King Herod, dani Madcap by Snap — Miss Meredith by Old Cade, &c. — foaled 1777. — Con- necticut. Skinner. KITTY BRIM, b. m. by Old Conqueror, dam by Gallatin ; gr. dam by Highflyer. LADY CLIFDEN, m. by Sussex, dam Betsey Wilson. LADY CULPEPER, m. by Carolinian, dam Flora by Ball's Florizel. LADY MORGAN, m. by John Richards, dam Matchless by [Imp.] Expedition. LADY MOSTYN, [Imp.] m. by Teniers, dam Invalid by Whisker. LADY NIMBLE, m. by Eclipse, dam Transport by Kosciusko. LADY SCOTT, [Imp.] br. m. got by Ardrosson, dam Dido by Vis- count — Brilliant by Whiskey, &c. R. D. Shepherd. LADY WHIP, m. by Whip, dam by Alonzo, gr. dam by [Imp.] Buz- zard. LAFAYETTE, b. h. by Conqueror, dam Julia by Sir Arthur. LANGFORD, [Imp.] br. h. got by Starch, out of Peri by Wanderer, her dam Thalistris by Alexander, out of Rival by Sir Peter — Home by Drone — Manilla by Goldfinder — foaled 1833. F. P. Corbin. LAPLANDER, ch. or br. h. by Flagellator, dam Medora. LEOPARDESS, m. by Medoc", dam by Haxall's Moses. LEVIATHAN, [Imp.] ch. h. by Muley, dam by Windle. Junior, ch. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Young Diomed. LILY, m. by Eclipse, dam Garland by Duroc. LIMBER JOHN, ch. h. by Kosciusko, dam by Moses. LOFTY, [Imp.] b. h. by Godolphin Arabian— Croft's Partner— Bloody Buttocks — Greyhound, &c. — foaled 1753. — Virginia, Chesterfield county. Thomas Goode. LOUISA, ch. m. by [Imp.] Bluster, dam by Hamiltonian. LURCHER, [Imp.] gr. h by Grey Leg, dam Harpalyce by Gohanna. LUZBOROUGH, [Imp.] br. h. by Williamson's Ditto, dam by Dick Andrews. — Junior, b. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam by Sump- ter. LYCURGUS, [Imp.] ch. h. by Blank— Snip— Lath, &c — foaled 1767 — Va. 1776. Geo. H. Harrison. 44 • 96 CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MAR,ES. LYNEDOCH, ch. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Rosetta by Wilkes' Wonder. M. MAGNUM BONUM, [Imp.] ro. h. by Matchem— Swift— RcruIus— Dairy Maid by Bloody Buttocks, &c. — foaled 1774. — Hartford, Conn. F. Kilborne. MANALOPAN, gr. h. by Medley, dam by John Richards. MARIA DAVIESS, ch. m. by Sir Charles, dam Mary Grindle by Eclipse. MARIA VAUGHAN, m. by Pacific, dam Mary Vaughan by Pacolet. MARION, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam by [7;??jo.] Citizen. MARGRAVE, [Imp.] ch. h. by Muley, dam by Election. MARK MOORE, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Lalla Rookh by Gabriel Os- car. MARMION, br. h. by [Imp.] Merman, dam by Crusader. MARPLOT, [Imp.] by Highflyer—Omar— Godolphin Ar.ibian,&c. MARTHA BICKERTON, b. m. bv Pamunky, dam by Tariff. MARSHAL NEY, h. by Pacolet, dam Virginia by Dare Devil. MARY BIDDLE, m. by [Imp.] Priam, dam Flora by Mens. Tonson. MARY VAUGHAN, gr. m. by Old Pacolet, dam by Old Chanticleer. MASTER ROBERT, [_Imp.] ch. h. by Star, dam a young Marske marc — foaled 1793. MASTER SOLOMON, b. h. by Reveller, dam by Lord Berners. MATCHE.M, [L/ip.'] b. h. by Matchem — Lady by Sweepstakes — Pa- triot — Old Crab, &c. — foaled 1773. — S.Carolina. Gihbs. MATCHLESS, [Imp.'] b. h. by Godolphin Arabian — Soreheel — Makeless, &c S. Carolina. MATILDA, gr. m. by Greytail Florizel, dam by [_lmp.'] Jonah. MAXIMUS, b. h. by Bertrand, dam Miss Dance by [Imp.'] Eagle. MAYZOUBE — a gr. horse imported from Arabia by Captain James Riley. MELZARE, br. h. by Bertrand, dam by Sir Richard. MENDOZA, [Imp.] h. h. by Javelin — Paymaster — Pamona by King Herod. MERMAN, [7mp.] br. h. by Whalebone, dam by OrviUe. MERRY PINTLE, [Imp.'] gr. h. by Old England, dam by Old Merry Pintle — Skipjack, &c. — foaled 17.52. — Va. 1775. J. Strong. MERRY TOM, [Imp.] b. h. by Regulus — Locust — a son of Flying Childers— Croft's Old Partner, &c— foaled 1758. MERCER, [Imp.] b. h. by Emibus, dam Young Mouse by Godolphin. MERWICK BALL, [Imp.] ch. h. by Regulus— dam a Traveller mare — Hartley's blind horse — foaled 17G2. MINOR, b. h. by Mons. Tonson, dam by Topgallant. MISS ANDREWS, [Imp.] b. ni. by Catton, dam by Dick Andrews. MISS MATTIE, m. by Sir Archy, dam Black Ghost by Pantaloon. MISS ROSE, [Imp.] b. m. by Tramp, dam by Sancbo, gr. dam by Co- riander, &c.— f.)aled 1826. R. D. Shepherd. MISS VALENTINE, m. by [Imp.] Valentine, dam by John Richards. MONARCH, [Imp.] h. h. by Priam, dam Delphine by Whisker. MONMOUTH, b. h. by John Richards, dam by Duroc. CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. 97 MONMOUTH ECLIPSE, ch. h. by Eclipsn, dam Honesty by [7/«j7.] Expedition. MONS. 'I'ONSON, gr. h. by Parolet, dam Madame Tonson by Top- MORDECAI, [Lnp.] b. h. by Lottery, dam by Welbeck. MORVEN, [I'lip.] ch. h. by Rowton, dam Nanine by Selim. MOSES MARE (Chas. Buford's) by Haxall's Moses, dam by Cook's or Blackburn's Whip. N. NANCY THATCHER, m. by Medoc, dam by Archy of Transport. NELL GVVYNNE, [Imp.] m. by Tramp, dam by Beningbrough. NETTY, [Imp.] ch. m. by Velocipede, dam Miss Rose. NICHOLAS, [I'lip.] h. by St. Nicholas, dam Miss Rose. NIMROU, [I"ip.] h. h. by King Fergus— O'Kelly's Eclipse Old Marske, &c. — Philadelphia, 1788. NON PLUS, [Imp.] b. h. by Cation, dam Miss Garforth by Walton Hyacinthus, «fec. — foaled 1824. — S. Carolina. R'd. Singleton. NORTH BRITAIN, [Imp.] b. h. by Alcock's Arabian—Northumber- land Arabian — Hartley's blind horse. — Philad. 1768. Crow. NOVELTY, [Imp.] m. by Blacklock, dam Washerwoman by Walton. O. O'KELLY, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam by Oscar. OLIVER, h. by May-Day, dam Young Betsey Richards by John Ri- chards. ONUS, [Imp.] br. h. by Camel, dam The Etching by Rubens. ORLEANA, [Imp.] m. by Bustard, dam Laureola by Orvijle. OROONOKO, [Imp.-] bl. h. by Old Crab, dam Miss Slammerkin by Young True Blue — Bloody Shouldered Arabian, &c. — foaled 1745. — S. Carolina. J. Mathews. OTHELLO, br. h. by limp.] Leviathan, dam by Sir Archy. PACIFIC, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam Eliza by [Imp.] Bedford. PACOLET, [Imp.] h. by Sparke, dam Queen Mab — Hampton Court Childers — Harrison's Arabian, &c. — Va. 1791. Thos. Goode. PACTOLUS, ch. h. by Pacific, dam Mary Vaughan by Pacolet. PAMUNKY, b. h. by Eclipse, dam Beliona by Sir Harry. PAUL CLIFFORD, h. by Eclipse, dam Betsey Richards by John Ri- chards. PETE WHETSTONE, b. h. by [Imp.-] Leviathan, dam by Stock- holder. PHARAOH, [Imp.] b. h. by Moses, dam by Godolphin Arabian — Smockface by Old Snail, &c. — foaled 1753. — S. Carolina. PHILIP, [Imp.'] br. h. by Filho da Puta, dam Treasure by Camillus. h. by Randolph's Janus, dam (Jack Pendleton's dam) by- Trafalgar. PICTON, br. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam Isabella by Sir Archy. PLATOFF, b. h. by Kosciusko, dam by Hephestion. 98 CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. PONEY, (The) ch. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam hy Stockholder, PORTLAND, [Imp.] ch. h. by Recovery, dam by M^alton. PORTSMOUTH, br. h. by [Imp.] Luzborough, dam Polly Peachem by John Richards. POST BOY, ch. h. by Henry, dam Garland by Duroc. POWHATTAN, b. h. by Arab, dam by Whip. PRESTO, b. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Stockholder. PRIAM, [Imp.] h. h. by Emilius, dam Cressida by Whisker. Junior, h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam by Sir Archy. PRINCE, [Imp.] b. h. by Herod, dam Helen by Blank— Crab, «&c.— foaled 1773. — S. Carolina. PRINCE FERDINAND, [Imp.] by Herod, dam by Matchem — gr. dam the Squirt mare, &.c. PRUNELLA, [Imp.] m. by Comus, dam by Partisan. PUZZLE, [/wi^.] b. h. by Reveller, dam by Juniper. Q. QUEEN OF THE WEST, br. m. by Shark, out of Lady Mostyn by Teniers, gr. dam Invalid by Whisker. R. RATTLER, ch. h. by Sir Archy, dam by [Imp.] Robin Red Breast. RED BILL, b. h. by Medoc, dam Brown Mary by Sumpter. RED BUCK, b. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Sally Bell by Conten- tion. RED TOM, ch. h. by Bertrand, dam Duchess of Marlborough by Sir Archy. REINDEER, ch. h. by Henry, dam Sportsmistrcss by Hickory. ch. h. by Sussex, dam by Oscar. REPUBLICAN, [Imp.'] ch. h. by Wentworth's Ancaster— Old Royal Changeling — Bethel's Arabian, &c. — Va. 1797. Charles Young. RICHARD SINGLETON, b. h. by Bertrand, dam Black-Eyed Susan by Tiger. RIDDLESWORTH, [Imp.] ch. h. by Emilius, dam Filagree by Sooth- sayer. ROANOKE, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam by Cojur de Lion. ROBIN BROWN, ch. h. by Mons. Tonson, dam (Boston's dam) by Ball's Florizel. RODOLPH, b. h. by Archy of Transport, dam by Haxall's Moses. RODERICK DHU, [Imp.] by Sir Peter Teazle, dam hy Young Marske — Matchem — Tarquin, &c. Imported into New York. ROSALBA, m. by Old Trafalgar, dam Rosalba by Spread Eagle. ROSIN THE BOW, b. h. by Bertrand, dam Lady Grey by Robin Grey. RUBY, [Imp.] h. h. by Emilius, dam Eliza by Rubens. RUSHLIGHT, ch. m. by Sir Archy, dam Pigeon by Pacolet. S. SALLY BARBOUR, m. by [Imp.] Truffle, dam by Ball's Florizel. SALLY HYDE, m. by Sumner's Grey Archy, dam by Medley. CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. 99 SAM HOUSTON, ch. h. by Barnoy O'Lynn, dam Jiuly Bakewell by Ea.-le. SANTEE, b. h. by Rob Roy, dain Betty Iiy [hup.] Buzzard. SARACEN, b. h. by Ecli|ib-e, dam Sally Sb)uch by Virginian. SARPEDON, [/"'/?.] br. h. by Emilius, dam Icaria by The Flyer Parma by Diclv Andrews, &c. SCIPIO, b. h. by [Imp.] Leviathan, dam Kitty Clover by Sir Charles. SCOUT, [I'»p.] br. h. by St. Nicholas, dam by Blacklock. SE.AGULL, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam Nancy Air by [Imp.] Bedford. SHADOW, bl. h. by Eclipse Lightfoot, dam Sally Slouch by Virginian. SHADOW, [Imp.] h. h. got by Babraham — Bolton Starling — Cough- ing Polly by Bartlett's Childers, &c. — foaled 1759 Va. 1771. T. Burweil. SHAKSPEARE, [Imp.] br. h. by Smolensko, dam Charming Molly by Rubens. SH.\RK, bl. h. by Eclipse, dam Lady Lightfoot by Sir Archy. SHAMROCK, [Imp.] ch. h. St. Patrick, dam Delight by Reveller. SHEPHERDESS, [Imp.] b. m. by Young Blacklock, dam Spermaceti by Sligo Waxy. SHERIFF PACHA, b. h. Nedji bred—imported by Com. Elliott. SHOCK, [Imp.] got by Shock — Partner — Makeless — Brimmer, &c. Va. Caroline county. Jno. Baylor. SIDI HAMET, b. h. by Eclipse, dam Princess by Defiance. SIDNEY, b. h. by Sir Charles, dam Virginia by Thornton's Rattler, SIR CHARLES, ch. h. by Saladin, dam by Cultivator. SIR JOSEPH, br. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam Sally Maclin by Sir Archy. SIR LESLIE, b. h. by Sir William, dam by (Imp.) Buzzard. SIR MEDLEY, ch. h. by Medley, dam by Sir Charles. SIR PETER TEAZLE, (Imp.) ro. h. got by Sir Peter Teazle— Mer- cury — Cythera by King Herod — Blank, &c. — foaled 1802. S. Carolina. Gen. Jno. McPherson. SIR ROBERT, (Imp.) b. h. by Bobadil, dam Fidalma by Waxy Pope. SIR WILLIAM, h. by Sir William, dam by Tiger. SKYLARK, (Imp.) br. h. by Waxy Pope, dam Skylark by Musician. SLOUCH, (Imp.) ch. h. by Cade, dam the little Hartley mare by Bartlett's Childers — Flying Whig by Woodstock, &c. — foaled 1747.— S. Carolina. SOURKROUT, (Imp.) b. c. by Highflyer, dam Jewel by Squirrel, Sophia by Blank, &c. — foaled 1786. SOVEREIGN, (Imp.) b. h. by Emilius, dam Fleur de Lis by Bourbon. STARLING, (Imp.) by Young Starling — Regulus — Snake, Partner, &c.— foaled 1756.— Va. 1762. Carlisle & Dalton. STANHOPE, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Helen Mar by Rattler. STEEL, b. h. by (Imp.) Fylde, dam Diamond by Constitution STOCKHOLDER, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam by (Imp.) Citizen. ST. LEGER, gr. h. by Eclipse, dam (Ariel's dam,) by Financier. 28 100 CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. ST. PAUL, (Imp.) sor. h. by Old Saltram, dam Purity by Matchem, Pratt's famous Squirt mare, &c. — foaled 1789. — Va. 1804. Wm. Lightfoot. STRAWBERRY ROAN, (see Fairfax Roan). SWISS, (Imp.) h. h. by Whisker, dam by Shuttle. SYMMETRY, ch. m. by (Imp.) Ainderby, dam Ellen Douglass by Bertrand. T. TARGET, ch. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam Becky by Marquis. TARLTON, b. h. by Woodpecker, dam by Robin Gray. TARQUIN, br. h. by Henry, dam Ostrich by Eclipse. h. by (Imp.) Luzborough, dam Hackabout by Timoleon. (Imp.) h. by the Hampton-Court Chesnut Ar. out of Fair Rosamond by Cade — Traveller, &,c. — foaled 1720. TELIE DOE, m. by Pacific, dam Matilda by Grey-tail Florizel. TENNESSEE CITIZEN, ch. h. by Stockholder, dam Patty Puff by Pacolet. THOMAS H. BENTON, br. h. by Waxy, dam Virginia by Matapone. TITRY, (Imp.) ch. m. by Langar, dam Zephyrina by Middlethorpe. TOBACCONIST, b. h. by Gohanna, dam Yankee Maid by Ball's Florizel. TOM MOORE, h. by Contention, dam Pocahontas by Virginian. TORNADO, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Polly Hopkins by Virginian. TRANBY, (Imp.) br. h. by Blacklock, dam by Orville— Miss Grim- stone by Weazle — Ancaster, &c. — foaled 1826. — Va. 1835. J. J. Avery & Co. TRIPIT, br. m. by Mars, dam by Post Boy. TRUFFLE, (Imp.) b. h. by Truffle, dam Helen by Whiskey. TRUSTEE, (Imp.) ch. h. by Catton, dam Emma by Whisker. V. VALPARAISO, (Imp.) ch. h. by Velocipede, dam Julianna by Go- hanna. VERTNER, ch. h. by Medoc, dam Lady Adams by Whipster. VERTUMNUS, b. h. by Eclipse, dam Princess by Defiance. VICEROY, ch. h. by Eclipse, dam Saluda by Timoleon. VOLCANO, b. h. by Stockholder, dam Forest Maid by Ratray. VOLNEY, b. h. by Mons. Tonson, dam by Sir Archy. (Imp.) b. h. by Velocipede, dam (Voltaire's dam,) by Phantom. W. WACOUSTA, ch. h. by (Imp.) Leviathan, dam Lady Lightfoot by Oscar. WAGNER, ch. h. by Sir Charles, dam Maria West by Marion. WASHENANGO, ch. h. by Timoleon, dam Ariadne by (Imp.) Citizen. WHALE, (Imp.) by Whalebone, (who was by Waxy,) dam Rectory by Octavius — Catharine by Woodpecker. — N. Carolina. Edward Townes. WHALEBONE, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam by Pacolet. CELEBRATED STALLIONS AND BROOD MARES. 101 WILD BILL, b. h. by Sir Archy, dam Maria by Gallatin. WILLIAM H. HARRISON, gr. h. by Trumpator, dam by Double- head. WILLIS, ch. h. b)r Sir Charles, dam by (Imp.) Merryfield. WANDER, ch. h.'^by Monmouth Eclipse, dam Powancey by Alfred. WOODPECKER, b. h. by Bertrand, dam by (Imp.) Buzzard. Y. YORKSHIRE, (Imp.) got by St. Nicholas, dam Miss Rose. R. D. Shepherd. YOUNG GOHANNA, h. by Gohanna, dam by Pacolet. YOUNG MEDLEY, h. by Potomac, dam by Medley. YOUNG TRAMP, (Imp.) h. by Barefoot, dam Isabella by Comus. YOUNG WONDER, h. by Cock of the Rock, dam Nell Sanders. Z. ZINGANEE, (Imp.) h. h. by Tramp, dam Folly by Young Drone. Chance. (Grarrison's,) b. h. by Sir ArcEy, dam Atalanta by (Imp.) THE END. i^ ■^ ^ POPULAR AND CHEAP BOOKS, Particularly suitable for Family Libraries, PUBLISHED BY GRIGG, ELLIOT & CO. No. 14 Worth Fourth Street, Philadelphia. AND FOE SALE BY BOOKSELLERS AND COtJNTRY MERCHAIITS GENE- RALLY IN THE UNITED STATES. *• Educated mind is a Nation''s wealth, and promotes the happiness of mankind." At this time, when the press is teeming with so much nonsensical trash, tending to corrupt, not only the literary taste, but the morals of the people, parents and their children will be pleased to find so many valuable works to be procured at almost any bookstore in the country. Their perusal will tend to restore the mind to a true idea of life, its dignity, its duty and its destiny. The reading of the following books will exalt the mind, and purify the affections, and awaken to life many a fresh and noble thought that now lies buried. 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There breathes throughout the whole a most eminent exemption from impropriety of thought or diction; and there is at limes a pensiveness of lone, a winning sadness in her. more serious compositions, which tells of a soul which has been lifted from the contemplation of terrestrial things, to divine communings with beings of a purer world." 4 THE POETICAL WORKS OF ROGERS, CAMPBELL, MONT- GOMERY, LAMB, AND KIRK WHITE. Complete in 1 vol. 8vo. ; with 6 beautiful engravings. MILTON, YOUNG, GRAY, BEATTnETANlTcOLLINS' POETICAL WORKS. Complete in 1 vol. 8vo. ; with 6 beantiful engravings. HEBER, POLLOK, AND CRABBE'S POETICAL WORKS. Complete in 1 vol. 8vo.; wilh 6 beautiful engravings. A writer in the Boston Traveler holds the following language with reference to these valuable editions: — Mr. Editor — I wish, without any idea of puffing, to say a word or two upon the "Library of Lnglish Poets" that is now published at Pliiladelphla, by Grigg & Elliot; it is certainly, taking into consideration the elegant manner in which it is printed, and the reasonable price at which it is alTorded to purchasers, the best edition of the modern British Poets that has ever been published in this country. Each volume is an octavo of about .^00 pages, double columns, stereotyped, and accompanied with fine engravings, and biographical sketches, and most of them are reprinted from Galiagnani's French edition. As to its value we need only mention that it contains the entire works of Montgomery, Gray, Bealtie, Collins, Bvron, Cowper, Thomson, Milton, Young, Rogers, Campbell, Lamb, Hemans, Heber, Kirk White, Crabhe, the Miscellaneous Works of Goldsmith, and other martyrs of the lyre. The publishers are doing a great service by their publication, and their volumes are almost in as great demand as the fashionable novels of the day, and they deserve to be so, for they are certainly printed in a style superior to that in which we have before had the works of the English Poets." No library can be considered complete without a copy of the above beautiful and cheap editions of the English Poets, and persons ordering all or any of them will please say Grigg, Elliot & Co.'s illustrated editions. HIND'S POPOLAR SYSTEM OF FARRIERY. Taught on a new and easy plan, being a Treatise on all the Diseaf=es and Accidenis to which the Horse is liable. With considerable additions and improvement.-; adapted particularly to this country, by Tliomas M. Smith. Veterinary Surgeon, and Member of the London Veterinary Medical Society. In 1 vol. 12mo. MASON'S POPULAR SYSTEM OF FARRIERY. Comprising a General Description of the noble and useful animal, the Horse, together with the quickest and simplest mode of fattening; necessary treatment while undergoing excessive fatigue, or on a jour- ney; the construction and management of Stables; different marks for ascertaining the Age of a Horse: also, a concise Account of the Dis- eases to which the Horse is subject; with such remedies as long expe- rience has proved to be effectual. By Richard Mason, M. D., formerly of Surrey Co., Va. Ninth edition, with additions. To which is added a Prize Essay on Mules, and An Appendix containing Observations and Recipes for the cure of most of the common distempers incident to Horses, Oxen, Cows, Calves, Sheep, Lambs, Swine. Dogs, &c. &c. Selected from different authors. Also, an Addenda, containing Annals of the Turf, American Stud Book, Rules for Training, Racing, &c. The publishers have received numerous flattering notices of the great practical value of these works. The distinguished editor of the American Farmer, speak- ing of them, observes — " We cannot too highly recommend these books, and therefore advise every cwuer of a horse to obtain them." A* 5 THE STOCK RAISER'S MANUAL. A Guide to the Raising and Improvment of Cattle, being a Treatise on their Breeds, Managetnent. and Disea?es. By VV. Youalt, author of a '' Trea- tise on ihe Horse,'' with numerous illustrations. Complete in 1 vol. 8vo. This work will be found of the greatest importiince to farmers and cnttle raisers throughout the United Stales, and should be in the possession of every farmer, aa it is the most complete work on this subject ever published. M'MAHQN'S AMERICAN SARBENER. Ninth edition, much improved. In 1 vol. 8vo. ^ . This is an invaluable work to all who wish to obtain any information on the sub- ject of Gardening in all its various branches. GRIGG, ELLIOT & GO'S RURAL REGISTER AND ALMANAC For 18 1§: to S>c comtiiBUcd Aaanually. For farmers and gardeners it is invaluable, giving full directions for all their work for every month in the year, and for all tlie States in the Union. There is no work ever, published that contains so mucli useful and valuable information in 80 cheap and convenient a form ; and we do say that no farmer or gardener, who is worth a "bit," should be without one. There is no pursuit in which more real rational enjoyment and comfort will follow to an industrious man than Horticul- tural employments. BOOK or FOMTSNSSS. The Gentleman and Lady's Book of Politeness and Propriety of Deport- ment. Dedicated to the Youth of both sexes. By Madame Celnart. Translated from the Si.xth Paris edition, enlarged and improved. Fifth American edition. THE BEAUTIES OF HISTORY. Or, Examples of l!ie Opposite Effects of Virtue and Vice, for the use of Families. 1 vol. 12mo., with plates. "After a careful examination of this book, we can conscientiously recommend it to parents and teachers as a most meritorious performance. There are here collected, within a narrow compass, the most striking examples of individual virtue and vice which are spread forth on the pages of history, or are recorded in per- sonal biography. The noblest precepts are recommended for the guidance ol youth; and in the nsost impressive manner is he taught to conquer the degrading impulses which lower the standard of the human character. We have not lately met with a volume which, in design and execution, seemed so acceptable as this. The book, moreover, is handsomely got up, and illustrated with wood engrav- ings." THE CLERSYMABI'S ASSISTANT. Or, Guide in Reading the Liturgy; containing Directions for Reading Cor rectly with the Pronunciation. By Rev. VV. H. Odenheimer, of Phila- delphia. 1 vol. 12mo., cloth. 6 LIFE OF PAUL JONES. In one vol. 12mo., with 100 Illustrations. •' Life of Rear Admiral John Paul Jones," &c. fcc, by James Hamilton. The work is com|)ile(l IVotn his original journals and correspondence; and includes an account of his services in the Anieiican Revolution, and in the war lietween the Russians and Turks in the Black Sea. There is scarcely any Naval Hero of any age who combined in his character so much of the adventurous, skilful and daring, as Paul Jones. TKe incidents of his life are almost as startling and absorbing as those of romance. His achievements during the American Revolution — the fight between the Bon Homme Richard and Seraph, the most desperate naval aciion on record, and the alarm into which, with so small a force, he threw the coasts of England and Scotland, are matters comparatively well known to Americans; but the incidents of his subsequent career have been veiled in obscurity, which is dis- sipated by this Biography. A book like this, narrating the actions of such a man, ought to meet with an extensive sale, and become as popular as Robinson Crusoe in fiction, or Weems' Life of Marion and Washington, and similar books in fact. It contains 400 pages — has a handsome portrait and medallion likeness of Jones, and is illustrated with numerous original wood engravings of naval scenes and distinguished men with whom he was familiar. L. G. Curtis, Esq., editor of The Commercial, Cincinnati, Ohio, speaking of this work, &c., observes: — " Life of Rear Admiral Paul Jones, illustrateo with nume- rous engravings from original drawings." This book we prize above any in our possession. John Paul Jones was truly an extraordinary man. He had the honor to hoist with his own hands the flag of freedom, the first time it was displayed in the Delaware, and in after life declared that he attended it with veneration ever after. To Paul Jones the honor of raising up an American navy belongs. He was the first commander in the world who made the proud flag of England "come down." His lile, as printed by Messrs. Grigg, Elliot & Co., should be in the hands of every intelligent American. WALKER'S SCHOOL A^O FAMILY OlCTiOMeY. NEW EDITION. FROM NEW STEREOTYPE PLATES, GREATLY IMPROVED, AND PRINTED ON WHITE PAPER. A Critical Pronotancing Dictionary and Expositor of the En^lif-h language, in whicli the meaning of every word is explained, and the sound^of every syllable distinctly shown. To which are prefixed an AbsU-acl of English Pronunciation, and Direclions to Foreigners for Acquiring a Knowledge of the Use of this Dictionary. Ey John Walker, author of "Elements of Elocution," " Rhyming Dictionary, ''" &c. &c. Abridged for the use of Schools, by an American Citizen. P. S. This is a new edition, on fine paper, and improved in printing and bind- ing. Parents and Teachers will please examine and order Grigg, Elliot & Co.'s Improved Edition. An eminent writer, and a good judge of the value of Dictionaries, observes ac follows: — We have received from the publishers, P.Iessrs. Grigg, VAWoi & Co., No. 14 North Fourth Street, a copy of their new and handsome edition of Walker's Criti- cal Pronouncing Dictionary for Schools. The present edition is decidedly the best and most convenient we have ever seen, both in regard to the size of the type on which it is printed, and the style and form in whichlt is issued. It has been "got up" in a handsome and substantial manner, e.vpressly for schools — has been greatly improved and made better in every respect for teachers and scholars. All teachers who have any regard for their eyes and the eyes of their scholars, would find it to their advantage to use this edition, printed as it is from new stereotype plates and on clean white paper. The edition is for salo by booksellers and coun- try merchants generally throughout the United States. 7 BOLLES' PHONOGRAPHIC PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY. IN ONE VOL. ROYAL 8vO. This vnluable work has met witli the most favorable reception from the Ameri- can public. It contains more words than the 8vo. edition of Webster, and has the pronunciation attnched according to the best authoritifis, which is a very import- ant addition, and renders tiie wori< much more desirable for general use and reference than of any of the large dictionaries now in use. No man of business or family should be without this valuable Dictionary. The same work abridged, in 1 vol. 12mo., we have just published also, which will be found an invaluable class book for academies, seminaries, and higher order of schools, as well as an important companion to the education of every young person. BIGLiND'S NATURAL HISTORY Of Animal?, Birds, Fishes, Reptiles and Insects, illustrated with nume- rous anil beautiful engravings. By John Bigland, author of a "View of the World," " Letters on Universal History," &c. Complete in 1 vol. 12mo. 05" This work is particularly adapted for the use of Schools and Families, forming the most elegantly written and complete work on the subject of Natural History ever published, and is worthy of the special attention of the teachers ol all our schools and academies. BIGLAND'S NATURAL HISTORY OF ANIMALS Illustrated with 12 beautifully colored eiTgravings. BIGLAND'S HISTORY OF BIRDS. Illustrated with 12 beautifully colored engravings By Shoberl, with 12 colored plates. These works are got up in a very superior style, and well deserve an introduc- tion to the shelves of every fimily library, as they are very interesting, and par- ticularly adapted to the juvenile class of readers. GRIMSHAW'S POPULAR HISTORIES. FOR SCHOOLS AND FAMILY LIBRARIES, GRIMSHAW'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES Recently brou2:ht up by the author to the present time. Also. Questions adapted to the above History; and a Key, adapted to the Questions, for the use of Teachers and Families. GRIMSHAW'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Recently brought up by the author to the present time. Also, Questions adapted to the above History; and a Key, adapted to the Questions, for the use of Teachers and Families. GRIMSHAW'S IMPROVED EDITION OF GOLDSMITH'S HISTORY OF GREECE, With a Vocabulary of the Proper Names contained in the work, and tht» Prosodial Accents, in conformity with the Pronunciation of Lempricre, Also, Questions adapted to the above History; and a Key, adapted to the Questions, for the use of Teachers and Families. 8 GRIMSHAW'S IMPROVED EDITION OF GOLDSMITH'S HISTORY OF ROME. Revised ami Corrected; and a Vocabulary of Proper Names appended, with Prosodial Marks to assist in their Pronunciation. Also, Questions adapted to the above History; and a Key, adapted to the Questions, for the use of Teachers and Families. GRIMSHAW'S HISTORY OF FRANCE, with Key and Questions. GRIMSHAW'S HISTORY AND LIFE OF NAPOLEON. The editor of the North American Review, speaking of these Histories, ob- serves, that — Among the Elementary Books of American History, we do not remember to have seen any one more deserving approbation than Mr. Grimshaw's History of the United States. It is a small volume, and a great deal of matter is brought into a narrow space; but the author has succeeded so well in the construction o* his periods, and the arrangement of his materials, that perspicuity is rarely sacri- ficed to brevity. The chain of narrative is skilfully preserved ; and the author's reflections are frequently such as to make the facts more impressive, and lead the youthful mind to observe causes and consequences which might otherwise have been overlooked. As a school book it may justly be recommended. What has been said of this volume will apply generally to his other historical works. They are each nearly of the same size as the one just noticed, and de- signed for the same oliject, that is, the use of classes in schools. The History of Enpland is an original composition; but the Grecian and Roman Histories are Goldsmith's, improved by Grimshaw, in which he has corrected the typographical errors with which the later editions of Goldsmith's Abridgements BO much abound ; and removed any grossness in language, which, in some few instances, render these valuable compends less useful in the schools to which youth of both sexes resort. He has also added a Vocabulary of Proper Names, accentuated, in order to show their right pronunciation, which is a valuable ap- pendage to the History. All these books are accompanied with very full and well-digested Tables of Questions, for the benefit of Pupils, and also with Keys to the same, for the con- venience of Teachers. GRIMSHAW'S LADIES' LEXICON, And Parlor Companion; containing nearly every word in the English language, and exhibiting the plurals of nouns and the participles of verbs; being also particularly adapted to the use of Academies and Schools. By William Grimshaw, Esq. In the Nashville Republican, we observe the following notice of this very useful book :— In recommending the "Ladies' Lexicon," therefore, to all our readers, male and female, who have ever experienced the difficulties which it is so admirably calculated to remedy, we but do an ordinary act of justice to the author and pul>- lisher. Wc consider the "Ladies' Lexicon," and recommend it to our readers aa a work that possesses superior claims on their attention and patronage. THE GENTLEMEN'S LEXICON. Or, Pocket Dictionary: containing nearly every word in the English lan- guage, and exhibiting the plurals of nouns and the participles of verbs; being also particularly adapted to the use of Academies and Schools. By William Grimshaw. The public are again indebted to the talents of Mr. Grimshaw, for the very use- ful books which he has called "The Ladies' and Gentlemen's Lexicons." 'I'he peculiarity and advantages of these works may be collected from the following portion of the preface : — '9 They differ from all preceding works of the kind in this,-that they exhibit the pluras of all nouns which are not formed by the mere addition of the letters and also the participles of every verb now generally used, and unless accom al nied by a particular caution. No word has been admitted which is not now of polite or popular use; and no word has been excluded which is required either in epistolatory composition or conversation. In friving the above extracts we take occasion to say, that teachers will find the l^ailips and Gentlemen's Lexicons" works admirably adapted to take the nlace with advantage to their pupils, of the different works recently put into their hands under the name of Expositors, &c. ■1^ The above work has been introduced as a Classbook into many of our academies and schools, with great approbation. Ruschenberger's First Books of Natural History FOR SCItOOLS, ACADEMIES, COLLEGES, AND FAMILIES. Bk. RUSCHENBERGER'S ELEMENTS OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. For the use of Schools and Families; with 45 illustrations. 1 vol. 12mo This is a most valuable work, by Dr. Ruschenberger : and most admirably ar« ^e plates, representing all the different parts of the body, done. It is cheap and every parent should place one in the hands of his children.— iV. Y. Herald. ' DR. RUSCHENBERGER'S ELEMENTS OF MAMMALOGY. The Natural History of Quadrupeds; for beginners; 75 illustrations. 1 vol. 12mo. • This number treats of all animals that in infancy feed on the milk of their mot.iers, from the human being down to the musquito-catching bat. Like the "First Book," it IS divided into Questions and Answers, and a Glossary; and is Illustrated by six plates. It is very cheap ; and contains an abundance of useful information. There are thousands of persons in this country, and millions in Europe, who do not know that whales give milk. — A^ew York Era. We do not know a more useful set than this promises to be— and JS.~New Ynrk Aurora. DR. RUSCHENBERGER'S ELEMENTS OF ORNITHOLOGY. The Natural History of Birds; for beginners; 81 illustrations. 1 vol. 12mo. New York, Feb. 9, 1846. Sir— I have received your note of the 3d instant, together with the "Elements of Orniihology," prepared for the use of Schools and Colleges, by W. S. \V. Ruschenberger, M. D., &c., and have read the work, in compliance with the re- quest of the American Institute, that I should examine and report upon it. I have great pleasure in highly recommending it. To say the truth, although I am somewhat blanched by the hand of time, and have manv years been a student of Ornithology, I consider the present the very best introduction to that science that I have ever seen; and I might add as full praise to the other works of the series of Ruschenberger's text- books of Natural History, as far as I am acquainted with the subjects they relate to. Dr. Iliischonberger has, in giving this series to the public, rendered a benefit to all seekers after science, as both old and young may profit by the well-arranged and valuable information these volumes contain. Your obedient servant. To II. Meigs, Esq., JOH'N J. AUDUBON. Recording Secretary of the American Institute, New York City. We wish we could induce our teachers generally to examine this, as well as the earlier works of Dr. Ruschenberger; they are admirably arranged, and just the very books needed lor schools. The work before us, on the Natural History of Birds, is an admirable oae; and no teacher should neglect to introduce the serie». Cincinnati Gazette. We have much pleasure in commending this series of works — the third of *■ ■ 'Mch, now before us, is on Ornithology. It will be found useful in the school- I ^(fbm, or the private study. — U. S. Gazette. DR. RUSCHENBERGER'S ELEMENTS OF HERPETOLOGY AND ICHTHYOLOGY. The Natural History of Reptiles and Fishes; for beginners; 66 illustra- tions. 1 vol. l2ino. Ruschenberger's Series of Books on Natural History are among the most valu- able and useful works, for the use of Schools, that have ever been published. A knowledge of Natural History is not only valuable, but deeply interesting ; and no one's education carl, with such facilities as these works atibrd, be considered coni- plete without it. — National Intelligencer, DR. RUSCHENBERGER'S ELEMENTS OF CONCHOLOGY. The Natural History of Shells and MoUusca; for beginners; 119 illustra- tions. 1 vol. 12mo. " We have no hand-books equal to these; and we think Dr. R. has conferred an obligation upon teachers and learners by producing them in an English dress, with all the advantages of well-engraved illustrations. The whole set of this work, which is furnished at a low price, will prove an invaluable acquisition to the school library." DR. RUSCHENBERGER'S ELEMENTS OF ENTOMOLOGY. The Natural History of Insects; for beginners; 91 illustrations. 1 vol. 12mo. The subjects are well treated; and from the exceeding cheapness and admirable arrangement of these elementary works, they are well fitted for general use ia Public Schools, Academies, and in every private library. — New York American. DR. RUSCHENBERGER'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. The Natural History of Plants; for beginners; 194 illustrations. 1 vol. 12mo. We do not hesitate to say, that this is the best work of the kind and dimensions that has ever fallen under our notice. We hope all will enibrace the first oppor- tiinity of procuring a copy, as we are sure they will prize it highly. — Botanic Recorder. We regard this series as eminently useful, supplying adequately the instruction in Natural History necessary to a proper school education. — North American. DR. RUSCHENBERGER'S ELEMENTS OF GEOLOGY. The Natural History of the Earth's Structure; for beginners; illustrated with 300 beautiful Wood-cuts, designed to assist the learner in the course of his studies. 1 vol. 12mo. *' We agree with a competent judge in the opinion, that it is the most complete and beautiful Elementary Treatise on the subject which has been published in this country. The subject of Geology is now attracting a great deal, and will continue to excite still more attention in the United States, as our vast miiieral resources are becoming more fully developed; and this work exactly suits the wants of the I public, in training up the young for future study in this branch of knowledge." The series of books of which this forms a part has been highly and justly com- mended by the ablest judges, as furnishing rare facilities for the acquisition of branches of knowledge, but too much neglected in our schools. We have ex- amined the volumes with much care, and we find them well deserving ail th" praise bestowed on them. — Godey's Lady's Book, •' The above series, taken separately or collectively, is considered one of the most valuable contributions to the cause of educatioa which has ever been pub- lished in this country." Tliis interesting Series of Books has already met with the most flattering recep- tion from the American press. They have been introduced into the public schools of Pei.nsylvania, Massachusetts, Ohio, Maine, New York, Tennessoe, Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, the Carolinas, &c., and many of the first class Semi- naries of Learning in the United States. The moderate price of this series is a great recommendation, being half the price of the common school books in use, on the same subject. Yale College, Dec. 19, 1845. I think this an excellent work — condensed, lucid, cvact, and comprehensive — a safe guide for the pupil, and a useful review for the teacher. The illustrations are numerous and exact. B. SILLIMAN. Extract of a Report to the American Institute. Your committee with much pleasure recommend this highly valuable book to the attention of those who conduct our Schools, Academies, and Colleges, as work excellently calculated to give the first outlines of the very important study of Geology to students. Nor do we hesitate to say, that all men, except learned Geologists alone, will feel, after its perusal, that. they have received a great re- ward for a very small expense of time and money. JAMES J. MAPES. GRIGG & ELLIOT'S NEW SERIES OP COMMON SCHOOL READERS, Numbers First, Second, Third and Fourth. These books are particularly adapted for an introduction into the Schools gene- rally in the South and West ; and Teachers who feel a deep interest in promoting the welfare of their pupils, will, no doubt, after a careful examination, give them the preference over all otiier Readers now in use. Parents and Teachers will please read the following notice of this invaluable series of Elementary School Books, We called juieniion to the above-named series of Common School books several weeks since, wlieii |inl)lisliiMS an advertisement for the sale ol' lliem by some of our merchants. Since thai lime we liave had opporluiiiiy to give them a thorough examination, and we feel it due to the community in which we live, and the proprietors ofthose interesting pub- lications. 10 notice ihem more particularly. They certainly contribute a valuable addition to our slock ot' eleineniary literature; in their plan and details presenting an intimate ac(|uaiiiiaiico with the necessiiies that demanded their production, and developing, in their prosicution. a wisdom and /,eal in adapting the material at liand to the attainment of the object III view, every way woriliy of coitiinendaiion and confidence. The Kirst Class reader is exactly such a hook as would iiiierest and impress the minds and hearis of litile boys and girls. Composed of short and easy words, embodying plea- sant and profitable instruction, it is just the thin^ for infant learners, who find in it such words as they can readily pronounce, and such ideas as they can easily comprehend. In the Second and Third Class Readers the style increases in the intricacy of diction and the elevation of sen time lU, in beautiful consistency with the progress of attentive and studious pupils, ill the more advanced stages of primary school education. The Fourth Class Reader is an invaluable compendium of deeply interesting and instructive facts, argu- ments and inferences, drawn from that unl'ailing repository of truth, the history of the men and manners of by-gone times. It is a reprint of the '• Beauties of History," consisting oi anecdotes of men and woman made illustrious by the splendor of their talents and virtues or rendered eternally iniamous by tlie vileness of their characters and crimes. It is, there' fore, a fit companion for those who are completing their term of siudy, preparatory ic entering the great arena of lite ; inviting and encouraging them by the bright example o the good, to walk in wisdom's narrow path, and warning them, by the wretchedness ant ruin of the vicious, from entering the broad road of sin and death. After the table of contents of the Second Reader, is a chapter giving directions for th attainment of a correct and elegant style of reading, the great importance of which al know the value of, but few attain. For the truth of these remarks, we refer to the booki themselves. *,* Public, private and social libraries, and all who purchase to sell again, supplied oi the most reasonable terms with every article in the Book and Stationery line; includinf new novels, and all new works in every department of literature and science. U^r" Particular attention will also be paid to all orders, through country merchants, o by mail, for Law, Medical and Miscellaneous Books, for public and private libraries, ani ■o efl(>rt will be spared to complete all such orders on th« most reasonable terms.